THeThoro we met. Diameter of the worlde is called his Axtree,diameter is a syne that de­nideth a­ny fygu­rt into. ij equall partes. wher aboute he moueth, and the endes of the Axtree are also called the Poles of the worlde. Of whom one is called the north Pole, & the other the South Pole. The Northern is he that is alwayes sene in our habytacion. And the Southern is that, whiche is neuer sene a­boue our Horizon. And there be certayne places on earth where as the Pole that is euer in our syght, can not be sene with them that dwell there. And the other Pole, whiche is euer out of our syght, is in syght to them. Agayne [Page]there is a place on earth where both the Poles haue euen ly­ke sytuacion in the Horizon.

SOme of the cir­cles of the Sphere, beparallels, some be oblyque, some other go crosse ouer the Poles. TheEqual dystaun­ce. parallels are they, that haue the same Poles as the world hath. And there be .v. parallel circles. The Artik, the Estiuall tropik, the Equinoctiall, the Brumal tropik, the Antarctik. The Arctik circle is euen the greatest of all those Circles that we haue contynually in syght, & he scarce lye toucheth the Horizon in one poynete, and is altogether pre­uented [Page]aboue the earth. And all the starres that are included in this circle, neyther ryse nor set, but a man shall espye them all the nyght longe kepe theyr course rounde aboute the Pole. And that Circle in our habitacion is drawen of the further fote ofThe great bete, other­wyse called Charles wayne. Vrsa maior. TheSom­mer. Estiuall circle is most Northward of al the circles that be made of the son­ne. Whom whan the Sonne remoueth into, he returneth backe from his sōmers circuite, than is the longest day of all the yere and the shortest night, and after this sōmer returne, the Sonne shall not be perceyued to progresse any ferther toward the north, but rather to recoyle into the contrary partes of the world, wherfore in Greke this Circle is cal­ledThe returne. Ionixos. The Equinocti­all [Page]circle is the most greatest of all the .v. parallel circles, and is so parted of the Horizon, that the one halfe circle is aboue the earth, the other halfe circle lyeth hyd vnder the Horizon. The sonne beynge in this circle causeth .ij. Equinoctials, one in the sprynge tyme, and the other in Har­uest. TheWyn­ter. Brumal tropik, is a circle most South of all the cir­cles, that by the mouynge of the worlde be described of the sonne, whiche whan the sonne is once entred into, he turneth backe frō his wynters progresse, than is the longest nyght, and the shor­test day in all the yere longe. And beyonde this wynter marcke, the sonne progresseth neuer a whyt farther, but goeth into the other coostes of the worlde, wherfore this circle is also named Tho­nixos, [Page]as who saye returnable. TheRight contrary to the Arctik, Antarctik circle, is equal in quantytie and distaunce with the Arctik circle, and toucheth the Horizon in one poyncte, and his course is all together vnder neth the earth, and the Starres that be placed in this ar alwayes inuisible vnto vs. The grea­test of all the sayd circles is the Equinoctial, and than the Tropikes. And the leste (I meane in our habitacion) ar the Arctikes and these circles must be vnder­stande without bredth, and be reasoned of accordyng to the si­tuaciō of the starres, and by the beholding of theAn in­strument of geometre. Dioptra. And but supposed onely in our ima­gination. For there is no Circle sene in al the heauen but onelyCōmenly called the waye to Ieru­salem, or the waye to saynte Iames. Galaxias. As for al the rest they be conceyued by imaginacion.

FYueEuen lyke fat. parallel Circles alone, are wont to be descrybed in the Sphere not bycause there be no mo pa­rallels than these in al the worlde. For the Sonne maketh euery day one parallel circle equaly dystaunt to the Equinoctiall (whi­che may well be perceyued) with the turnynge of the worlde: In so moch that .clxxxij. parallel circles twyse be descrybed of the sonne betwene the tropikes, for so many dayes are within the two returnes, and all the star­res are daylye caryed withall, rounde aboute in the parallalel circles, Howe be it euer ye one of [Page]them can not be set oute in the Sphere. And though they be profectable for dyuers thynges inIt is almoste as moch to say as Astrono­mie. Astrologia, yet is it impossyble y^t euen the starres may be descry­bed in the Sphere, without all the parallel circles, or that thelength Magnytude of dayes and nyghtes may be precisely founde out, without the same parallels: but in as moche as they be not de­med to be so necessary for the fyrste Introduction of Astrologie, they are left out of the Sphere. But the fyue parallel circles for certayne special instruction that they exhybyte, for the fyrste in syght of Astrologie be described in the Sphere. The Arctik cir­cle seuereth the Starres whiche we euer se: the Estiual tropik contayneth the goyng backe of the [...] Sonne, and it is the fur­thermoste [Page]parte of his progresse into the North. And the equinoctial Circle contayneth the Equinoctials. And the Brumall tro­pik is the farther most poynct of the way of the sonne toward the South, and is euen the marcke of the wynter returne. The An­tarctik Circle determyneth the Starres whom we can not se. And so seynge that they be very expedient for the introduction in to Astrologie they be ryght worthy to take rome in the Sphere.

ALso of the sayde fyue parallel circles, the Arctik circle appereth altogither aboue the earth. And the estiual tropik [Page]circle is deuyded into .ij. partes of the Horizon: wherof the greater parte is aboue the earth and the lesser lygheth vnderneth it. Neyther is this Tropik Circle equaly deuyded of the Horizon / in euery Towne and Countrey, but accordynge to the veriete of the Regions it hath diuersities of vprysynges: and this Estiual circle is more vnegually deuided in the Horizon to thē that dwell nerer the North than we do, and farther there is a place, where the Estiual tropik is wholy aboue the erth. And vnto them that drawe nerer to the South than we, the Estiual Tropik is more vneuenly parted in the Horizon. Farthermore, there is a cooste (but south from vs) wherin the tropik Circle is equaly deuyded of the Horizon. But in our habi­tacion [Page]the Estiuall tropik is so deuided of the Horizon, that the whole circle beyng deuyded into viij. partes .v. partes shall be a­boue the earth, and .iij. vnder the erth. And in dede, it semeth that Aratus ment by thisA por­cion of the worlde betwene north & South wherein is vary­acion of tymes. &c. Climat whan he wrote his Booke of Phaenomenon. Where as he speakynge of this Estiual tropik circle saytth on this wyse.

¶ And so of this diuision it foloweth, y^e day to be of .xv. equinoctial houres, & the nyght of .ix. e­quinoctiall houres long. And in the Horizon of Rodes, y^e Estiual tropik is so deuided of the horizō [Page]that the whole circle beyng deui­ded into .xviii. partes, there shal appere .xxix. deuisyōs aboue the horizon, & .xix. vnder the erth, by which deuision it appereth that the longest day in y^e Rodes hath but .xiiij. equinoctiall houres in it, and the night .ix. Equinoctial houres, with .ij. half houres more besyde. The Equinoctiall cir­cle in euery habytacion is so iustly deuyded in the myddes by the Horizon, that the one halfcircle, of it is aboue the earth, and the other halfcircle is vndeneth the erth. And this is the cause that theEqual Length of daye & ryght. Equinoctials happen al­wayes in this circle. The Bru­mal tropik circle is so deuidd of the Horizon that the lesser parte shall be aboue the erth, and the greter parte vnder the erth, and the vnequalte of deuisions hath [Page]euen lyke diuersite in all climats as it is supposed to be in the Estiual tropik circle, and by this meane the deuisions of both the tropicall circles be precysely cor­respondent eche to other. By rea­son wheof the longest day is of one length w^t the longest nyght, and the shortest day equal with the shortest nyght. The Antarc­tik Cyrcle euery whyt, lyeth hyd vnder the Horizon.

BUt of the sayd v. parallel circles, some kepe styll the same bygnes tho­rowout al y^e world and of some the bygnes is alte­red by reason of theHaby­racions. Climats, [Page]so that some Cyrcles be bygger than other, and some lesser than other. The tropik circles and the Equinoctiall do no where alter theyr quantities, but the Arcti­kes varie in bygnes, for somwhere they appere bygger, and som where lesse. For vnto the Northward dwellers the arctik circles seme bygger: the Pole beynge raysed on hygh, the arctik circle touchyng the Horizon must nede also appere bygger and bygger, continually, and vnto them that dwell farther North somtyme, the Estiual tropik shall wax the Arctik circle, so that the Estiual Circle and the Arctik also, mete together and be taken but in stede of one. And in places that be yet farther. North, the arctik circles shall appere greater than the Estiual tropik circle. Than [Page]at the last, there is a place so far North, where that the Pole ap­pereth ouer head, and the arctik circle serueth for the Horizon, & remayneth with it in the meuyn­ge of the world, and is as wyde as the equinoctiall: in so moche that the .iij. circles (to say) y^e arctik, the equinoctial, and the Ho­rizon be placed in one ordre and sytuacion. Agayne to them that dwel more South, the Poles ap­pere more lower, and the Arctik circles lesser, yet agayne there is a place beyng South in respect of vs which lyeth vnder the equi­noctial where the Poles be vn­der the Horizon, and the Arctik Circles be altogether gone: so that of the fyue parallel Circles there remayne but thre circles, (that is) the two Tropiks, and the Equenoctiall.

NEyther for suche sayenges, is it to be thoughte that there continue .v. parallels alwayes but so many to be imagyned for our habytacion sake, for in some Horizons, there be but .iij. parallels only, and there be habytacions on erth, where the estiual tropik circle toucheth the horizon: and euen for the tropik Circle is the seconde taken, whiche is called the habitacion vnder the Pole. The thyrde ha­bitacion is of whom we spake a lytell before, which is named the habitacion vnder y^e equinoctial.

Wherfore, ney­ther the ordre of the fyue parallel Circles, is euery where the same, but in our habi­tacion the fyrst shalbe called the Arctike, the seconde the Estiuall tropik, the thyrde the Equinoctiall, the fourth the Brumall, the v. the Antarctik. But they that dwell more North than we, som tyme the fyrste is accompted as the Estiuall tropik, the seconde as the Arctik: the thyrde as the Equinoctial: the .iiij. as the An­tarctik: the .v. as the brumal tropik, & bycause the arctik circle is wyder thā the equinoctiall y^e sayde ordre must nede be obserued.

LYkewyse, Ney­ther are the powers of the same .v. parallel circles alyke. For the circle that is or estiual tro­pik is toTois antipo­sin. them that dwell in a contrary habytacion, the Bru­mal tropik. Contrary wyse that which vnto them is the Estiual tropik circle is the Brumall tro­pik vnto vs. But suche as dwell vnder y^e equinoctial, euen the .iij. circles be in power estiual tropikes vnto them, I meane those that dwell iust vnder the course of the Sonne, for in conferrynge one to another, that whiche is the Equinoctial with vs shalbe theyr Estiual tropik Circle. And both the Tropikes shalbe Bru­mals. So than the Estiual tro­pik circle may be sayd by nature bnyuersally all the worlde ouer, [Page]whiche is next to y^t habitacion: therfore vnto thē that dwell vn­derthe equinoctial the equinoctial it selfe serueth for y^e estiual tropik, as wherin y^e sonne hath his course directly ouer theyr hed, & all the parallel circles shall take the rome of the Equinoctials, beynge deuyded by equall deuy­syons in the Horizon.

NEyther the spa­ces of the circles one from the other do re­mayne the same thorowout all habytacions: but after the description of the Sphe­res, they are dyscussed on this sorte. Let any Meridian be deui­ded in .lx. partes, the Aretik shal [Page]be described from the Pole .lxvi. partes of. And the same on the other syde, shalbe .lxv. parte dy­staunt from the Estiual, and the Equinoctial shalbe from eyther of the Poles .lxiiij. deuisions of. The Brumal tropik circle stan­deth from the antarctik .lxv. partes of. Neyther haue these Cir­cles the same distaunce betwne them in euery towne and Coun­trey. But the tropiks in euery declynacion shall haue euen lyke space from the Equinoctial. Yet haue not the tropiks equall space from the Arctiks at euery Horizon, but in some place lesse, and in some place more dystaunce. Lykewyse the Arctiks haue not in euery declinacion one certay­ne space frō the Poles, but som­where lesse, and somwhere more. All the Spheres, be made for [Page]the Horizon of Grece.

THere are Circles that go crosse ouerthwart y^e Po­les which of some mē be called Colurs. And they be so framed that they conteyne within theyr circuite the Poles of the world. And be calledvnper perfect. Colurs, by rea­son of those porcyons of them that be not sene. As for other circles they be sene whole, the worlde mouyng rounde aboute. And there are certayne partes of the Colurs inuisible, euen those partes that from the Antarctik lye hyd vnder the horizon. And these circles be sygned by the tropical poyntes and they deuyded into .ij. equall partes, the circle that passeth thorowe the myddes of the zodiak.

THe Circle of the xij. sygnes isSlont wyse. oblyque and is compoun­ded of .iij. paralel circles: of whom .ij. are sayd to showe the bredth of the zodiak, and one is called passynge thorowe the myd sygnes: thus toucheth he the .ij. equall circles and pa­rallels, the Estiual tropik in the fyrste degre of Cancer, and the Brumal tropik in the fyrst degre of Capricorn. The bredth of the zodiake is .xij. degrees. This circle is called oblyque bycause he crosseth ouer y^e parallels awrye.

THeThe under. Horizon is a Circle that sondreth vs, the parte of the world sene, from the [Page]parte that can not be sene, so he deuideth the whole Sphere of y^e world into .ii. partes, euen that he leueth the one halfe sphere a­boue the erth, and thother half sphere vnderneth the erth. And there be .ii. Horizons, one sensy­ble, the other ymagyned by vn­derstandynge. The sensyble Ho­rizon is that, whiche of oure syght is lymyted at the vtmoste of ourLooke kennynge. So that his Diameter is not passing. M. furlonges, euen thorowout. The ho­rizon that is ymagyned by vn­derstandyng, is for the specula­cion of the Sphere of the fyxed stares, and he deuideth the who­le world into .ii. partes. Wherfo­re there is not y^e same Horizon, thorowout euery habytacion & towne, but to a mansSyght wyttynge he remayneth the same for [Page]the space of .iiii. C. furlonges almost. So that the length of the dayes, the Clymat, and al the apparaunces remayne the same styll. But with the mo nomber of furlonges for the diuersite of the habytacion, the Horizon, the Climate, yea and all the appa­raunces shall varie. So than the chaunge of habitacion must nedes happen in goynge Southwarde or Northward, beyonde .iiii. C. furlonges. And they that dwell in one parallel for euery excedynge great nombre haue a newe Horizon, but they kepe the same Climat and all the appa­raunces lykewyse. the begynninges & endynges of dayes chaunce not at the selfe same tyme to all that dwel in the same parallel. But after very exacte curio­site the lest mouyng in the world [Page]hyther or thyther, euen for euery poynct the Horizon is chaunged the Clymat and the apparaun­ces do varie. The Horizon in the Spheres is not after that ma­ner descrybed, for all the other circles are caried together from East to West, with the mouyng of the world, and the Horizon is immounable by his owne nature as longe as he kepeth the same situacion. And so yf the Horizon were set out in Spheres whan they shulde be turned aboute, he myght so happen to moue, and somtyme to be ouerhead, and that were a thynge moste incon­uenyent and farthest out of reason in Sphere matier. yet for al hat, there may be a place as­sygned for the horizon in the frame of the Sphere.

THeMyd daye, Meridian is a cicrle that go­eth through the Poles of the worlde, & thorowe theThat poyncte is cōmen­ly called zenith. poynct that is iust ouer our hedes. In whom whan the sonne is come to, he causeth myd day, and myd nyght. And this circle is also immouable in the worlde, as longe as the selfe same situacion is kept in all mouynge of the worlde. Neyther is this circle drawē inglobes Spheres that be paynted with starres, by cause he is immouable and re­ceyueth no mutacion. But to mannes coniecture by wytte for iij. C. furlonges almost, the meridian a bydeth the same. But after a more exacte ymaginacion, [Page]for euery foote stepped into East or West, there waxeth another meridian. But than go North or South euen .x. M. furlonges and the same meridian shall serue but goynge from East West warde altereth the meridian.

THe cyrcle ofCalled of the cō ­men people Watlyng strete, and in Washle, [...] [...]. Galaxi­as is oblique also, and this to, goeth ouer the tropiks awry and it is of the substaūce of fyne Cloudes, and the onely vysyble circle in the heauens, neyther is it certayne what bredth he is of for it is narrower in one place than in another. And for that cause the circle Galaxias is left out in many Spheres. And it is one of the greatest circles. And [Page]they be called the greatest Cir­cles which haue the sameIs euē the myddelmoste poyncte in a thin [...]. cen­tre as the Sphere hath. And there be .vij. of the greatest cir­cles, the Equinoctial, the zodi­ak, that whiche goeth thorowe the myddes of the sygnes, and that whiche goeth by the Po­les, the Horizon of euery haby­tacion, the Maridian, and the circle of Galaxias.

THe outwarde facion of the erth isKoun He, as a Pall. Sphericall and is deuyded into .v. zones, of whom .ii. whiche be aboute the Poles are called the colde ones, bycause they be very farre from vnder the course of the Sonne, and be lytell inhabyted for the great coulth: and their compasse is from the arctiks to the Poles [Page]warde. And the zones that be next vnto them, because they be mesurably sytuat towardes the course of the sonne be called temporate, and aboute in the Fyr­mament vpon the tropiks and arctiks Circles, betwene whom they lye. Nowe the fyfth whiche emonge the sayde .iiij. circles is myddelmost, for that it lygheth vnder the waye of sonne is na­med the hotte, and it is deuided of the Equinoctial of the erth, into .ii. which lygheth and about, vnder the Equinocciall of the worlde. But of the two tempe­rate zones, one is inhabyted of them that be of our habytacion beynge in length nyghe a. C. M. furlonges, and in bredth, aboute halfe the same.

THe sygnes that be blased with starres are deuyded in­to .iij. partes, some of them be placed in the circle of the zodiak. Some be called Northern, and some be called Southern. And they y^t be situat in the circle of y^t zodiak be xij.Lyue­lynges. Beastes, whose names we haue declared in another place, in which .xij. beastes there are certayne starres, who for certayne notable markes espied in them, haue taken theyr proper names for the fyxed starres that be in the backe of Taurus be calledThe. 7. starres, whiche Maro­ners do vse in trienge of costes. Pleiades. And the starres that be placed in the head of Taurus be .v. in nombre and are called7. starres, in whose ry­sing and goynge downe it lyghtlye rayneth; alway. [Page]Hyades. And the Starre that standeth before the fete of Ge­mini is called Propus, and that cloudelyke substaunce, that is in Cancer, is calledThe Crybbe. Praesepe. And the two Starres that stande nyghe Presepe are calledThe Asses. Asini. And the bryght Starre that is in the harte of Leo, (ac­cordyng to the name of his pla­ce) is the Lyons harte, and it is called of some men, the Royall Starre, for that they that are borne vnder it are thoughte to haue a royall natiuite. The fay­re Starre that styeketh at fyn­gers endes of the lefte hande of Virgo, is called theOr the eare. Spike. But the lytell starre that is fa­stened by the ryght wyng of Virgo is named Protrigetes. And the .iiij. Starres that be at the ryght handes ende of Aquarius [Page]are calledThe water potte. Vrna. The starres that be spred one after another behynde Pisces tayle are called the lynes. And in the South ly­ne, there are .ix. Starres, and in the North lyne .v. The bryghte starre that is sene in the lynes ende is calledThe Knotte. Nodus. So many are accompted for the Nor­thern as be set betwyxt the zodiak and the North. And they be theseThe great bere. Vrsa maior.The liteli bere, Vrsa minor. AndThe drake, or Dragon. Draco that lyeth betwyxt both. Vrsaor boo­res. ArctophilaxThe crowne. Corona, Engonasin, the Serpentine, the Serpent, the Harpe, the Byrde, the Arow, the Egle, the Dolphyn, Protome Hippi, the Horse that standeth by Hipparchos, Cepheus, Cassi­opeia, Andromeda, Perseus,The Dryuer. Auriga, Deltoton. And he that was stellyfyed of Callimachus, [Page]Bernykes heare. Agayne there be certayne starres who for cer­tayne playne apparaunces that they haue in thē, haue had their names gyuen them. For the no table Starre that lyeth aboue the mydsh ankes of Arctophilar is calledThis lyeth at the rayle of the great [...]. Arcturus. And the shyning starre that is set by the Harpe, euen by the name of the whole sygne is called the Har­pe, and the Starres that be at the toppe of Perseus lefte hande are named the Gorgo­nes. And the thycke small star­res that are espyed at the ryght handes poyncte of Perseus, make as it were a sythe. And the cleare Starre that is set in the lefte shoulder of the Dryuer is called the Goote. But the two lytell starres that be at the out termoste of his hande be called [Page]the Kyddes. And all those be Southern sygnes, that lye on the South syde of the zodiak. And theyr names be these. Ori­on, the Centaurus, the Beaste that Centaurus holdeth in his hande. Thyrsylochus whom Centaurus setteth before, the sensar, the Southern fysshe, the Whale, the water powred of Aquarius, the floude of Orion, the South Crowne, whiche of some is namedThe heuenlyn­ge. Vraniskos, the Rodde that lygheth by Hipparchos. And agayne in these there be certayne starres that haue taken theym propre na­mes. For the bryght starre that is in Prokyon, is called Proky­on. And the Glysterynge starre that is in the Dogges mouth, for that she is thought to cau­se more feruent heate, is called [Page]the Dogge, euen by the name of the whole sygne. The Starre that shyneth in the toppe of the starne of Argo, is named Canopus, and this is vneth sene in the Rodes, excepte it be from hygh places. But in Alexandria, she is not sene at all, where the .iiij. parte of the sygne, doth scantly appeare aboue the Horizon.