WHen a Regiment or several Companies are Commanded to draw out, It is neces­sary that the Major and Adjutant (or at least the Adjutant) be there to give each Company its due Post. The eldest on the Right, the second on the Left, so till the Youngest come into the Center. And all Compa­nies (and Bodies of Men) are to draw up at first at the same Or­der they march at, both in Rank [Page 4]and File, the single Companies observing to leave room for the Sargeants and Drums to stand on the Right and Left of each Com­pany.

Before you form your Battali­ons, remember always to draw out the odd Men from every Company, Forming a Rank in Opposition at Fifty Paces distance from the Head of each Compa­ny, thereby to have no broken Files, which is much the better and quicker way to compleat your Files, then after your Batta­lions are formed.

When your Companies are thus disposed, the most ready way to Form a Battalion, is by these words of Command.

When Pikes and Musketiers Interchange Ground the first Rank of Pikes pass before the first Rank of Musketiers. And it is always to be observed, That (af­ter any Command for moving) no Man stir before the Word of Command, March, be given, thereby to make them all move together.

When they have thus changed Ground, they are not to Face to their Leaders till the word of Command be so given. At which time they are then in Battalia, but at close Order in File. And now [Page 6]it is to be observed that the Of­ficers are no more limited to their particular Companies, but are all concerned in the whole. He that Commands, is to see how many Sargeants there are pre­sent, and dispose of them in this following manner, Viz. If a Bat­talion consist of Eight, or Ten Companies, or more; And the Companies have each Two Sar­geants, and Three Corporals, (who are designed to do Sarge­ants Duty) It is necessary to place two on each Rank to the Right and Left, and the rest in the Rear; But if the number of Sargeants be fewer, then there can be but one to each Rank, on the Right and Left: The re­mainder always to be in the Rear, making a Rank parallel to [Page 7]the Souldiers at Three Paces di­stance from the last Rank.

The Sargeants being placed in this manner: The Drums are to be disposed of, one half on the Right, and the other on the Left, Ranging directly with the first Rank of the Souldiers, unless there be many Drums, and the Ground Streight; And then they are to be formed into Two Ranks, on the Right and Left, to range with the Two first Ranks of the Souldiers; And they are always to have their Drums slung, unless Commanded to the contrary.

The Hoboys to be on the Right of the Drums, which are on the Right of the Battalion, ranged in the same Rank with them.

The Commission-Officers are [Page 8]to take their Posts at the head of the Battalion as the Colours are drawn. But the more particular placing of the Officers will be di­rected hereafter.

Now it is to be observed, That though the Files are still at their close Order, the Ranks are to have their Distance of Twelve large Feet, which the Sargeants are to be very diligent and active to see kept very even.

The Officer in Chief is to place himself before the Center of the Pikes, about forty Paces from them, the better to observe what is done; And that he may be more easily understood by the whole Body. He is to be on Horse-back.

The Words of Command are to be given leisurely, that the Soldiers may have time to per­form [Page 9]the Exercise without con­fusion. And above all, Silence is to be kept very strictly. And the first Word of Command be­fore you begin the Exercise, is Silence.

When every thing is thus dis­posed, The next Word of Com­mand is ‘Files, Open to the Right ( [...] Le [...]t) to your Order. March.’

At which Word every indivi­dual man turns to the Hand na­med, and after a little pause, t [...] Sergeants on the Flank lead t [...] Ranks (which are the [...] Files directly forward, as slow as pos [...] ­ble, by the least Steps they [...] make, with thier Halberts A [...] ­vanced, [Page 10]the Iron upwards; ob­serving always for a Rule, To mind the Front, that is, If they move to the Right, every man is to observe his Left hand man. And if they move to the Left, his Right hand man.

Assoon as the last man but one of the first Rank stirs his Foot, They are to be commanded all to Halt. And no man is to stir after that Word.

In this manner of Opening of Files, no man is to stir till his [...]eader be Four foot from him; [...]nd then to move and keep at [...]hat Distance, which will make [...]hem Three foot distance from [...]ach other, when Faced to the Proper Front.

Assoon as they are command­ed [Page 11]to Halt, The next VVord of Command is ‘To your Leader.’

The Captains and Lieutenants are to carry their Pikes Comport­ed always when they move to the Right or Left, and the Co­lours to be Advanced. The Sar­geants are to be very mindful to keep the Ranks even, and at Twelve large feet distance, and the Files at Three. And for the better keeping Files streight (af­ter they are Opened to their Or­der) every man is to look to his Right and Left hand man, and to see that he has an equal di­stance from both, especially the File, leaders, by whom all the rest are governed.

The next thing is to Draw the Officers from the Front of the Battalion to the Rere, which is done by these VVords of Com­mand: ‘Have a Care of the Exercise.’

At which VVord of Command the Musketiers are to pull off their Right hand Gloves, and put them under their Girdles.

VVhich is to be done by the Of­ficers Facing to the Right about, The Captains marching at a good round pace in one Rank and the Lieutenants and Colours [Page 13]in another, Two paces behind the Captains, who as well as the Lieutenants are to carry their Pikes Advanced.

VVhen they are come into the Rere, the Lieutenants and En­signs are to be in one Rank, Eight paces from the Sargeants, And the Lieutenants and Ensigns Eight. The Captains being from the last Rank of Soldiers Thir­teen paces, and the Lieutenants and Colours Eleven.

At the same VVord of Com­mand or Signal for the Officers to take their Posts of Exercise in the Rere, Six Sergeants of those that are Posted in the Rere are to March through the Intervals of the Files into the Front and Post themselves Forty six paces from the first Rank of Soldiers, that is, [Page 14]Six paces advanced before the Commander in Chief, where they are to Range themselves so as to make a parallel Line with the Bat­talion, and to keep the Front clear and undisturbed. And at the same Word of Command, the Pikemen are to joyn their Left hands to their pikes even with their Shoulders.

Now the Musketiers being Shouldered, and the Pikes Ad­vanced, Silence being Com­manded, and none to Speak but the Officer in Chief, He is to pro­ceed as followeth.

Exercise of the Fire-Lock.

At which time the Musketiers are to perform distinctly every Posture of the Musket together, and being ready, (which is under­stood to be Cockt,) they are to guard them with their Thumb on the Cocks, and to bring up their Muskets streight before them, their left hands the height of their mouths.

And the Pikemen at the same Word of Command (Make ready) are to bring their Pikes streight before them also to the Recover, their left hands the height of their mouths. Both [Page 20]Pikemen and Musketiers alway observing whenever they Reco­ver their Arms before them, t [...] bring their right heels to their le [...] insteps. And when the Pike [...] Charge, and the Muskets Rest, t [...] fall back with their right feet in [...] direct Line. The Pikemen and Musketiers are to take care to bring down their Pikes and Musk [...] ­ets together very quick, especi­ally the Pikes with a jerk, as i [...] they were to strike with them, Observing to bring the Pikes down at a convenient distance from one anothers breasts to pre­vent clattering, and to close them to their breasts after they are Charged. They must also ob­serve to bring them up streight before them as quick before they turn, which keeps the Arms [Page 21]from clashing one against ano­ [...]her.

In all Facings the Soldiers must keep their Left Heels very firm and fixed.

At which time the Pikem [...] are to bring their Pikes from [...] ­ing Recovered before them [...] their Right Thighs to their A [...] ­vance.

At which word of Comma [...] the Pikmen are to joyn th [...] Left Hands to their Pikes ev [...] with their Shoulders.

When they are Clear of th [...] Officers in the Rere they are to disperse, and at the Beat of Dru [...] [Page 23]to draw their Swords and run to their Arms with an Huzza, obser­ving to keep the points of their Swords upright.

At which time the Officers are to March back in the same Me­thod to the Front of the Battali­on as they went from it. The Six [Page 24]Sargeants likewise that Advance from the Rere, are to return th [...] ther to their Posts.

Memorandum, At any time what­ever, when the Soldiers have laid down their Arms and quitted them, upon Beating the Drums they are all to draw their Swords and run to their Arms with an [...] Huzza.

Observing always, to keep the points of their Swords upright for fear of mischief.

The Exercise of a Battalion having Match-Lock Mus­kets.

The Musketiers being Shoul­dered and the Pikes Advanced.

At which time the Musketiers are to pull off their Right hand Gloves and put them under their Girdles.

At which word of Command the Pikemen are to joyn their Left hands to their Pikes even with the top of their Shoulders.

Then followeth the Exercise of the Pike being exactly the [Page 28]same with that before in the Ex­ercise of the Fire-Lock.

Exercise of the Pike, and Match-Lock-Musket toge­ther.

At which time the Musketiers must leisurely and distinctly per­form every Posture of the Mus­ket together, and being ready they bring up their Muskets streight before them, with their Two Fore-fingers guarding their Pans, the height of their Mouths, and bringing their Right Heels to their Left Insteps. The Pikmen at the same word of Command (Make [Page 29]ready) are to bring their Pikes before them to their Recover, Their Right Heels also to their Left Insteps, the But-end of their Pikes in the Palm of their Hands, and are to Charge as the Musket­tiers Rest their Arms, and Face as the Musketiers Face.

At which time the Pikemen bring their Pikes to the Advance from the Recover.

At which time the Pikemen joyn their Left Hands to their Pikes even with the top of their Shoulders.

Assoon as clear of the Officers the Rere, They are to disperse, upon the Drums Beating the [Page 31] Preparative, They are all to draw their Swords and run to their Arms with an Huzza, Carrying the points of their Swords up­right. And when they come to their Arms, they are to stand with their Swords Poised before them as they do their Muskets.

Directions for the Postures i [...] Exercising the Fire-Lock Musket.

In Exercise both of Pike an [...] Musket, the feet are to be at [...] moderate distance: for if they a [...] too wide asunder, or too near to­gether, it weakens; And in the [...] Exercise they must be sure to kee [...] the left heel fast, and to set the [...] feet right, or else they can neve [...] handle their Arms as they ought.

Turn the Barrel toward you, the Lock uppermost; and lay your right hand (your fingers ex­tended) [Page]just behind the lock, close the Butt-end of your Mus­ket to your shoulder, that the Muzzels may be all of a height.

Grasp your Musket hard, fa­cing to the Right with a quick motion upon your left heel, keep­ing your Musket directly before you, the height of your Crevat, your right elbow on your side, your feet neither too near, nor at too great a distance; but so, that by turning the point of your left toe to the front, and that of your right as you face, your left heel being exactly against the mid­dle of your right foot, you are in the posture for resting, which is the reason of Facing to the Right, [Page 34]that you may be in a readier p [...] ­sture to rest; but when you inte [...] to Shoulder, or Order from Poi [...] you keep faced to the Front. At that the Soldiers may never m [...] take, they are to take it for a g [...] ­neral Rule, That they are ne [...] to face to the Right in Poising, [...] when the Word of Command given before to lay their rig [...] hands on their Muskets. At a [...] times when they Poise, they a [...] to keep their Muskets direct before their noses, but not [...] arms end extended, but to let the right elbows rest upon their b [...] ­dies, which makes the Muske [...] more on a direct Line, and [...] much easier for the men to ho [...] them.

Let your Musket sink down to your left hand, that arm hanging as low as may be without stoop­ing with your body, and receive the Musket into it just where the Scowrer enters into the Stock; Be sure your hand touch no part of the barrel; the Musket is to be held but a little sloping from per­pendicular half a foot from your side. Be sure to let your left arm hang down free as low as you can without stooping (and not hugg your Musket up above your waste as was used formerly) keeping the right hand upon your Musket behind the lock, your sin­gers extended.

Place your right Thumb upon the Cock, and your fingers be­hind the Trigger, and with the help of closing it to your thigh, you cock it, keeping it still rested with your thumb upon the Cock.

Keeping your Thumb upon the Cock, and your fingers be­hind the Trigger, you bring up your Musket with a very quick motion streight before you to the Recover, your left hand as high as your mouth, about half a foot from it without stooping. Let not your Musket sink, but keep it at the height: Always observing [Page 37]when they bring up their Mus­kets before, (which is Recovering the Musket) to bring their right heels to their left insteps; And be sure to have a care of tossing the Muzzel of the Musket back­wards, but keep it streight up­right perpendicular.

Fall back with your Right foot, so that the left heel be a­gainst the middle of it, raising the Butt-end of your Musket to your shoulder; That is, between your breast and your right shoulder, which locks it fast; but little of the Butt-end to appear above the shoulder, your right elbow not at all, or very little higher then your Piece, having your fingers [Page 38]ready to pull the Trigger, y [...] must bend your left knee, an [...] keep the right verie stiff, you [...] Piece must be levelled breast high, and no higher.

Let them be sure to draw the [...] Trigger at one motion, keeping their bodies verie steddie, ta [...] ­king aim and their Muskets fa [...] to their shoulders, till they have the Word of Command to Re­cover their Arms.

Sink the Butt-end of your Musket till you hold it perpendi­cular in both hands, the left hand as high as your mouth, and the [Page 39]right under the Cock. Bring up your Musket always (when you recover it before you) with a ve­rie quick motion, bringing up the right heel to the left instep.

Falling back with the right leg [...] Rest your Muskets together, and laying their right Thumbs upon the Cock, and their fingers be­hind their Triggers, with the help of closing them to their thighs, they Half-bend, which done, they place their right hands behind the Lock, keeping them rested, their fingers extended.

Pressing the ball of your [Page 40]thumb into your Pan, you wi [...] it; having done that, you ho [...] your right hand behind the Lo [...] again of your Musket, that eve [...] Posture may appear the better.

The great end of it to t [...] back of your hand, between yo [...] thumb and fore-finger, your an [...] backwards.

At which time they level the [...] Muskets to be exactly upon a [...] Line, not one Muzzel highe [...] then another, putting in a pro­portionable quantity of Powder at the side of the Pan, and not on the top, keeping their left toes directly to the front.

With your two first fin­gers, At this Word Casting back your Primer, bring up your right heel to your left instep, and your Musket streight up before you, recovered with the Barrel towards you, your left hand al­ways as high as your mouth, and with a very quick motion; your Thumb on the top of the steel.

Be sure to blow all together at one strong blast, bringing your Pan up to your mouth, standing upright, and not putting your mouth down to your Pan. Cast out your arms after your [Page 42]blast, not letting your Muske [...] sink from the Posture 'twas i [...] before.

You advance with your Righ [...] Leg turning your Musket th [...] Barrel downwards, so bringing i [...] to your Left side a little back war [...] in your Left hand, be sure none of your fingers touch the Barrel. The Right foot is to have the To [...] directly to the Front as if yo [...] were to Fence, your Right hee [...] being over against the middle of the Left foot, ballancing your Muskets in the Left hand, the Muzzels directlie to the proper Front half a foot from your bo­die all of a height, and your Right hand joyned to the Muzzel [Page 43]of your Muskets, your Thumb ex­ [...]ended to the side of the Barrel.

With a full Grip hold it even with the Muzzel of your Musket about an Inch from it underneath your Musket.

Bring it up to your Mouth standing upright with your Head and not to bring your Head down to it: Assoon as you have done this, bring the Charger within an Inch of the Muzzel underneath, as before, and Cover the Mouth of your Charger with the Ball of your Thumb.

When you have put the Pow­der into the Barrel, you hold your Charger again underneath your Musket as before.

You are to let fall your Char­ger and turn your Hand, your lit­tle finger next the Muzzle and draw it at Three Motions, being drawn, dart it, That is, hold it le­vel the height of your Eye, your Arm extended.

Turn the great end of your Scowrer towards you, and slip [Page 45]your Hand till without an Inch of the End, letting it rest against your Body a little below your Right breast sloped all of a height.

Take the Bullet out of your Mouth putting it into the Barrel and then put the great End of the Scowrer after it just into the Muzzel of the Piece, and so stand till the next word of Command.

With a full Grasp, your Thumb and Fore-finger from the Muzzel, your Thumb on the top of the Scowrer, keeping a handful of the Scowrer in your Hand.

Turn your Hand, your Thumb [...] and Fore-finger towards the Muz­zel, and when your Scowrer is clear, which is to be done at Three Motions, dart again as be­fore.

Turn the small end of your Scowrer to your Breast and slip your Hand till within an Hand­ful of the end of it, holding it to your Body, a little below your Right breast sloped till the word of Command.

Replace it in the Stock of your Musket pressing it down with your Thumb, and then without any word of Command grasp the Muzzel of your Musket with your Right hand, your Thumb streight out upon the Scowrer, keeping your Musket clear from your side some half a foot, the Muzzels all of a height directly to the Front.

Bring up your Musket before you with your Left hand, and fal­ling with your Right Leg even to your Left, grasp your Musket with your Right hand under the [Page 48]Cock, and poise streight before your Nose (keeping Faced to the Front) letting your Right Elbow Rest upon your Body.

As formerly.

As before.

Sink your Right Hand a little, Take hold of the Stock with your Left Hand upon the place where the Scowrer goes into the Stock, then sinking that hand, take hold of the Muzzel with your Right Hand, and let the Butt-End [Page 49]easily sink near the ground, where you make a little stop so that the Muskets may come to the ground all together, your Musket all this while perpendi­cular, and your Thumb at last streight out on the Side of the Muzzel, being set down to the ground all together that it seem but one Thump. Place the Butt-End close to the Right Foot a­bout the middle of it, your Right Hand an Inch below the Muzzel, the lock from your Body.

Turn your Musket with the Lock upwards, and stepping for­wards with your Left Leg and Right Hand, lay it on the ground in a very streight Line. You must [Page 50]never lay down or handle your Musket but with one hand, viz. the Right Hand.

Fall back with your Left Leg even to your Right, and stand up.

Stepping forward with your Left Leg, lay your Right Hand near the Muzzel of your Musket.

Lift up the Muzzel of your Musket, and fall back with your Left Leg even to your Right, turning the Lock of your Mus­ket outwards by the middle of your Foot.

Directions for the Postures in Exercising the Pike.

Lift up your Pike in a direct Line near your side with your Right Hand, as high as you can well reach, and take it with your Left Hand, as low as you can, your fingers streight out, and with that Hand Raise it till the Butt-end comes into your Right Hand, then place it between your Breast and your Shoulder, And be sure to keep the Butt-end close to your Thigh which keeps your Pikes up­right.

Lay your Left Hand on your Pike even with the top of your Shoulder, your Fingers streight out, and bring the Pike right be­fore you with a quick motion, at the same time drawing in your Right Heel to your Left Instep. Be sure to keep your Pike streight upright which will be done best by putting your Right Hand well from you.

Fall back with your Right Leg, so that the Heel of your Left Foot may be directly against the middle of your Right Foot. Bring down your Pike extreme [Page 53]quick with a jerk, as if you were to strike one with it, and Charge Breast high, your Left Elbow un­der your Pike to Support it, yield­ing your Body forwards, and bending your Left Knee that you may stand the firmer and with more ease, always observing to hold the Butt-end of your Pike in the Palm of your hand, and your Left Toe pointing directly with the Spear of your Pike, your Feet at a convenient distance, neither too far asunder nor too near, that you may stand strong.

Of all things you must look that your Feet are set right, or else you can never handle your Arms as you ought. 'Tis to be observ­ed in charging your Pike to bring it down at some distance from one anothers Breast so to [Page 54]prevent Clattering, And to Close it to your Breast after it is Charged.

Turn your Left Toe to the Right, Bring up your Right Heel to your Left Instep, and your Pike Recovered streight before you with as quick a Motion as in Charging, then having tur­ned fall back with your Right Leg as before. Charge as be­fore.

Turn your Left Toe to the Right about, bringing your Right Heel to it as before, and your Pike Recovered as before, always with [Page 55]the same quickness. Being turn­ed, Charge as before.

You turn your Left Toe to the Left about, bringing up your Pike Recovered, your Left Hand ne­ver to be higher than your Mouth, and your Right Heel as before, And being turned you fall back with your Right Leg and Charge. You must be sure always to bring your Pike streight up, and not to swing it about, for then 'twill clatter against the other Pikes.

Bringing up your Right Heel to your Left Instep and your Pike first before you, You fall out with your Right Foot even with your Left, and bring your Pike to your Right Thigh.

Lay your Left hand on your Pike even with your Shoulder, your Fingers extended, bringing your Right Heel to your Left In­step, And your Pike right before you, then fall back with your Right Leg, and put back your Right Arm as far as you well can, and holding your Pike half a foot from your Side, cast your [Page 57]Eye towards the Spear, which you must keep directly to the Rear, your Pike sloped, and forsa­king it with your Left hand bring up your Right Leg, and Lay your Pike on your Right Shoul­der, your Elbow close to your Body, The Butt-end half a foot from the ground and in the mid­dle of the distance, That is, be­tween your Leggs.

Fall back with your right Leg, and put back your right Arm as far as you can, be sure to keep the Spear directly to the Rear, and your Pike sloped at the same height with the Spear as when it was shouldered, neither higher nor lower. Then with your left [Page 58]hand bring the Butt-end of your Pike backwards, turning the head of it with your right hand, then forsaking it with that hand, take hold of the Butt-end, and Charge breast-high, the palm of your hand open against the Butt-end, and your left elbow under your Pike; your left toe pointed directly with the Spear of your Pike, and be sure to Charge directly forward and not to the Angles, your left heel just against the middle of your right foot.

You raise your Pike with both hands, then forsaking it with your right hand, and turning the head backwards with the left, the Spear directly to the Rear, take [Page 59]hold of it again with your right, as high as you can reach with ease, and stand with it as before from your body sloped as before, then bringing up your right leg, and forsaking your Pike with your left hand, lay it on your shoulder: When you stand with your Pike from your side, you continue it but a very short space. Be sure always to keep the Spear directly to the Reer, and not to cross your Pike in the exercising it.

Fall back with your right arm and leg as before, and be sure to keep the Spear to the Rear, sloped at the height as when shouldered, and turning your left toe to the [Page 60]right, fall with your right leg be­hind your left, so that the middl [...] of your right foot may be ove [...] against your left heel. Whil [...] you do this, bring your Pike up and turn the Butt-end backward [...] by your right side; and taking [...] in the palm of your right hand Charge.

Bring your left toe to the left bringing your right foot with th [...] middle against your left heel and your Pike up, then with you left hand turn the head of th [...] Pike to the right: That is, direct­ly to the Rere, which must b [...] done together to prevent clatter­ing, then taking hold of it wit [...] your right hand, stand with it i [...] [Page 61]both hands, at a little distance from your body as before, sloped at the same height as when shoul­dered, then bringing up your right leg, lay it on your shoul­der.

Fall back with your hand and leg, as before, and stand with your Pike from your side in the same Posture: Then turning the Left toe to the right about, bring the Butt-end of your Pike to the right side, and falling back with your right leg, Charge: the Spear of your Pike all this while kept to the Rere, the height you are shouldered: For you must take great care not to throw the Spear of your Pike higher, or drop it [Page 62]lower. When you are faced to the Right about, level your Pike breast high, and Charge, as be­fore.

Turn your left toe to the Le [...] about, and advancing your right foot one ordinary pace, so that the middle of it may be against your left heel, then with your le [...] hand bring the Butt-end by your left side, keeping the Spear ex­actly to the Reer, the same height as before, taking great care nei­ther to cross your Pike, or to tos [...] the Spear too high, laying your right hand as high as you can easily reach, stand with it from your Body as before, then bring up your right leg and shoulder.

Fall back with your Leg and Arm as in the rest, then turn the left Toe to the Left, and with your left hand turn the Butt-end of your Pike to the Right, and bringing up your Right Leg, Charge.

Raise the Spear of your Pike with both hands, and turn your left Toe to the right, and fall back with your Right leg and Arm, the Spear directly to the Reer, holding your Pike from your side as before, then bring up your Right leg, and shoulder.

Fall back with Arm and Leg, as before, then with both hands bring the Pike over your head, keeping the Spear very exactlie to the Rear, neither higher nor lower then when shouldered; Then turning your left toe to the Left about, and bringing up your Right Foot with the middle of it against your left heel [...] Charge.

Bring your Pike over your head with your left hand, falling back with your right leg, and putting back your right arm as before, keeping the Spear direct­ly [Page 65]to the Rear without crossing, hold it from your body, then bring up your right leg and shoul­der. You must be sure to take care to set your feet exactlie, or selfe you can never Exercise well.

As Charging to the Front, but that you sink not the Spear of your Pike so low, and in stead of letting the Pike rest upon your Left Elbow, 'tis to rest between the Thumb and fore-Finger, and you Elbow close to your Side.

You bring your Left Hand as far back as you can, and stretch­ing out the Right as far as you can, [Page 66]at the same time stepping forwa [...] with your Right foot, Grasp th [...] Pike with your Right Hand [...] far as you can reach, have a ca [...] not to Toss the Spear too high then forsaking it with your Le [...] Hand, and falling back wi [...] your Right Leg even with yo [...] Left, Close the Pike to your Sid [...] the Spear of your Pike about t [...] height of your Head.

Extend your Right Arm much as you can, advancing yo [...] Right Leg at the same motion and putting your Left Hand: far back as you can bring forwar [...] your Pike, then stepping bac [...] with your Right Leg, take hol [...] of the Butt-end of it with yo [...] [Page 67]Right hand and Charge, taking care not to throw the Spear of the Pike higher then it was when you went to Charge, when you Charge, Charge always Breast-high.

Face to the Right about, and let the Spear of your Pike fall be­hind you; Quit your Right Hand from the Butt-end of it without stirring your Left, you must take care not to bob up the Spear of your Pike, which is very un­graceful.

Turn to the Left about, and [...]aking the Butt-end of the Pike on [Page 68]the Palm of your Right Han [...] Charge, as before, always [...] king care not to Toss your Spe [...] higher than the Charge.

Bring up your Right Heel [...] your Left Instep, and your P [...] before you to the Recover, [...] fall out with your Right Foo [...] ­ven with your Left, and b [...] your Pike to your Right Thigh.

Lay your Left Hand on y [...] Pike even with the top of yo [...] Shoulder, your Fingers strei [...] out, and sinking your Left Han [...] and Raising your Right, ta [...] your Pike so that when the Bu [...] [Page 69] [...]nd is on the Ground, your Right [...]and may be against your Eye, [...]eeping your Pike near your Head, the Butt-end to the Latchet of your Shoe. When near the Ground hold a little while still, that the Butt-ends may all touch [...]he Ground together, and make put one Thump.

Place the Butt-end of your [...]ike on the Inside of your Right foot about the middle of it. Be [...]ure to move your Pike, and not your Foot.

Stepping forward quick with our Left Leg, and stooping all [Page 70]together, lay it down streight o [...] ­ly with your Right Hand.

Falling back with your Let [...] even to your Right, stand up all to­gether.

Stepping forwards with yo [...] Left Leg quick, and stooping to­gether, laying your Right Ha [...] only on your Pike as far as you [...] reach.

Raise the Pike only with you Right Hand, and fall back with your Left Leg: You must [...] [Page 71]sure when you are Commanded [...]o Handle your Pikes, to get the Butt-end within the middle of your Right Foot.

Place the Butt-end of your Pike on the Outside of your Foot, [...]ust to the Latchet of your Shoe. [...]e fure to move your Pike, and [...]ot your Foor.

As before.

Exercise of Pike and Musket together.

The Pikes being Advanced and [Page 72]the Muskets Shouldered, The word of Command is, ‘Musketiers make ready.’

They are to perform all their Postures, and the Motions exact­ly together, till they stand Guard­ed with their Muskets before them, Their Thumbs on the Cocks, at which time also the Pikes are to be Recovered be­fore them, the Butt-ends in the Palms of their Hands, and their Pikes upright, Their Left Hands the Height of their Mouths, and no higher.

At the Word Charge, They are to bring down both Muskets and Pikes together at once, And the Pikes with a jerk, as if they were to strike one with them. [Page 73]They must be sure to turn their Left Toes that way they Charge, and their Left Heel directly a­gainst the middle of their Right Foot. When they Charge they are to Charge directly forward. But the Pikes are not to Charge close to one anothers Breasts at first, because that makes a clatter­ing, but they are to Charge a lit­tle way from one anothers Breasts in bringing down their Pikes, and after they are Charged, then to close them to their Breasts.

The Pikemen turn as the Mus­ketiers, bringing up their Right Heels to their Left Insteps. As they turn they extend their Arms, and hold their Muskets streight before them, Their Left Hand as high as their Mouth pulling back their Arms and falling back with their Right Legs when they are Faced.

The Souldiers do not bring down their Arms till the word of Command, Charge.

They must be sure to bring up their Pike and Musket as quick as they bring them down streight before them ere they turn, or else the Pikes will clatter.

As before

As before

As before

As before

The Musketiers Shouldering, The Pikemen (who stood Reco­vered) falling out with their Right Legs, bring their Pikes to their Thighs to their Advance.

At which Word of Command, the Pikemen are all to joyn their Left Hands to their Pikes the height of their Shoulders.

When clear of their Arms they are to disperse, and upon the Beat of Drum to run to their Arms with an Huzza, their Swords drawn and the points upward.

In Ordering their Arms, They [Page 77]must be sure to make a little stop before the Butt-ends come to the ground, that they may come down all at one Thump. After laying down their Arms and quitting them they are all to stand up to­gether, and no man to stoop af­terwards.

When they March from their Arms, they must be sure to step all together Front and Rear, with their Left Feet, and to March close to their Arms.

When they lay their Right Hands on their Swords, they must take hold of the Scabbord with their Left Hand.

When they have drawn their Swords, They must hold them up streight before them, as they do their Muskets when poised.

When they return their Swords, [Page 78]They must do it all at one Moti­on, And assoon as they have put up their Swords, they must all stand upright to their Arms look­ing to their proper Front.

The Pikemen must always when they stand to their Arms (lying on the ground) get the Butt-end of their Pikes to the mid­dle of the inside of their Feet.

The easiest and readiest way to teach Soldiers the use of their Arms, that they may do it exact­ly to the Drum, Is to give every File-leader the Word of Com­mand, in writing of that part of the Exercise, viz. The posture of the Pike and Musket only, That every File-leader may instruct his File, so as to do it exactly to the Drum.

EXERCISE OF THE GRANADIERS ON FOOT.

A Great part of the Exercise of Granadiers on Foot is the same with that of the Musketiers.

Granadiers are to draw up at the same Order in Rank and File as Musketiers, only they draw but three deep, being supposed to be Shouldered,

Directions for the Postures in Exercising of the Musket (that is, the Match-lock-Musket) being that Part which is not in the Directi­ons already.

‘Lay down your Matches.’ At Four Motions, Viz. First, Turn a little the Butt-end of the Musket gently, slipping it as it lies on your Shoulder, and lay your Right Hand on your Match. Se­condly, [Page 91]Extend your Right Hand and Foot before you, turning your Musket again in its place. Thirdly, You Stoop bringing the Match near your Right Foot within side, bending the Left Ham. Fourthly, You quit it, and stand up, bringing your Right Foot even to the Left.

As in the Exercise of the Fire­lock.

‘Handle your Match.’ Take your Match from be­tween your Third and Fourth Finger, with your Thumb and First Finger of your Right Hand, [Page 92]the Palm turned from you, ex­tend your Right Arm towards your Right-Handman.

‘Blow your Match.’ Bring up the Match to your Mouth without stooping to it turning your Head a little to the Right; and having blown [...] quick strong Blast, Cast out you Arm again to the Right,

‘Cock and Try your Match.’ Bring your Match to the Coc [...] with a Compass, and press [...] down with your Thumb, Sup­porting it with your Two nex [...] Fingers, of which the Middle Finger guides it, and is to b [...] kept between it and the Pan. Pul [...] [Page 93]your Cock down to the Pan, and Raise or sink so your Match, that it may fall just in the middle of it.

‘Guard your Pan.’ Your Two first Fingers upon the Pan, your Thumb behind it, bringing up your Musket streight before you, That Hand by which the Pan is guarded, being even with your Mouth, about half a foot from before it without stoop­ing, or letting your Muzzel of your Musket either hang back­ward or forward, but keeping it streight upright perpendicular, with your right heel to your Left Instep.

‘Blow your Match.’ Bring your Match up to your Mouth without stooping, then blow a quick strong blast, after which extend your Arm streight forwards, let not your Musket sink, but keep it at the height you blow, your Cravat in the middle of the space between your Two Hands.

‘Present and Open your Pan.’ Raise the Butt-end of your Musket to your Shoulder, keep­ing your Fingers upon the Pan, and let it lye level before you o­pen your Pan, which having done, bring your Hand back to your Trigger, raising a little your [Page 95]Right Foot. And immediately letting it fall, the Butt-end of your Musket is to be between your Breast and your Right Shoulder, which locks it fast, but little of the Butt-end to appear a­bove the Shoulder, your Right Elbow not at all, or very little higher then your Piece; you must bend your Left Knee a little, and keep the Right very Stiff: your Piece is to lie Breast-high.

‘Fire.’ Be sure to draw the Trigger but once, and keep your Body steddy taking Aim.

‘Recover your Arms.’ Sink the Butt-end of your Mus­ket, [Page 96]till you hold it perpendicu­lar in both Hands, the Right be­ing behind the Pan, your Fingers extended, and the Left the height of your Mouth, bring up the Right Heel to the Left Instep.

‘Return your Match.’ Hold your Musket in your Left Hand, the Barrel to­wards you, your Left Elbow resting on your Body, take your Match between your Thumb and Fore-finger of the Right Hand, your Thumb on the top of it, as when you Cock it, and turning the Palm of your Hand from you, place one end of it between the Third and Fourth Finger of your Left Hand, and the other end between the [Page 97]First and Second Finger, and then joyn your Right Hand again un­der the Pan of your Musket, your Fingers extended.

‘Clean your Pan.’ With the Ball of your Thumb pressing it into your Pan you wipe it. At this Word of Command you Rest your Musket, falling back with your Right Leg, and when you have wiped your Pan with your Thumb, you lay your Right Hand again on your Mus­ket behind the Pan on the Notch of your Musket, your Fingers ex­tended.

As the Fire-Lock.

‘Shut your Pan.’ With a full Hand, that is, with the Palm of it, the Fingers ex­tended, at which Word casting back your Primer, bring up your Right Heel to your Left Instep, bringing your Musket streight up before you, your Left Hand the height of your Mouth and your Right under the Pan.

As the Fire-Lock.

As be­fore.

‘Order your Musket.’ Sink your Right Hand a little, take hold of the Stock with the Left Hand where the Scowrer goes into the Stock, then sinking that hand, take hold of the Muz­zel with your Right Hand, and let the Butt-end easily sink near the Ground where you make a little stop, so that the Muskets may all come to the ground toge­ther, your Musket all this while perpendicular, the Butt-end close to your Right Foot, about the middle of it, your Right Hand an Inch from the Muzzel, and your Thumb streight up to it, the Bar­rel of the Musket backward, your Match, one end between the first and second Finger of your [Page 101]Left Hand, the other end be­tween the Third and Fourth Finger, a large Inch from the Cole.

The Exercise of the Pikes is to be as at other times with the Fire-Lock.

Directions for Exercising the Pike and Match-Lock-Musket together.

The Pikes being Advanced, and Muskets Shouldered, ‘Musketiers make Ready.’

At which Word of Command, the Musketiers are to perform leisurely and distinctly every po­sture of the Musket together, and being Ready, they bring up their [Page 102]Muskets streight before them, their Two first Fingers Guarding the Pans the height of their Mouths: And bringing up their Right Heels to their Left Insteps; The Pikemen at the same VVord of Command to Make Ready, are to bring their Pikes before them to the Recover, and their Right Heels also to their Left In­steps, the Butt-end of the Pikes in the Palm of their Hands.

‘Charge.’ Falling back with their Right Legs, they all Rest their Muskets together, their Two first Fingers Guarding the Pan, they must be sure to keep the M [...]zzels all of a height very well sloped, and clear of their Bodies, Resting directly [Page 103]to the proper Front, with their Left Toes directly that way they Face, their Left Heels being just against the middle of their Right Feet. The Pikes at the same VVord of Command, Charge, are to fall back with their Right Feet, bringing their Pikes down as quick as 'tis possible (or as if they were to strike with them) They Charge Breast-high, point­ing their Left Toe with the Spear of the Pike directly to the Front, the Left Elbow under the Pike to Support it, &c. As is mentioned in the Exercise of the Fire-Lock.

When clear of their Arms they are to disperse and upon the Beat of Drum to run to their Arms with an Huzza, Their Swords drawn and the points upwards.

‘Take up your Matches.’ Which is to be done at Four Motions. First, They advance their Right Foot and Hand with­out turning their Shoulders, their Arms extended before them. Se­condly, They seize the Match ben­ding with the Right Knee. Thirdly, Raising themselves, they bring their Right Foot into its place, and slipping a little the Musket, and turning the Butt-end a little they bring the Match to the left Hand. Fourthly, They quit the Match with their Right Hand, and turn the Musket again into its Place with the Left.

For Drawing up a Battalion and placing the Officers for Parade to Receive the King or any Prince of the Blood, or General.

Of Marching and Posting the Officers, and of Saluting Marching.

If the Battalion be to March, The first thing is to make the Files Close either to the Right or Left to their Marching Order, which is a Foot and a half, or so near to one another, that every Soldier may have the free use of his Arms, and not to croud one another, which is a thing of dan­gerous consequence: The best way to avoid which, is for every Man to keep Half a Foot from his Right-hand Man.

Single Companies may March Shoulder to Shoulder, but in grea­ter [Page 115]Bodies there must be more allowance.

The First Word of Command is (the Pikes being Advanced, and the Muskets Shouldered)

At which Word every Man turns to the Hand named, and ac­cordingly Closes to the Distan­ces and Hand named, Observing (as is said before) the Front: That is, either their Right or Left-hand-Men.

As soon as they are Closed to the Order you would have them, The Word of Command is, [Page 116] ‘To your Leader.’

The Sargeants at the same time are to be careful in keeping the Ranks at their Twelve large Feet distance.

As soon as the Battalion is thus disposed, If it March in a Body, all the Lieutenants are to be in the Rear at the same Di­stance from the Soldiers as they were at in the Front: And the Sargeants which were in the Rear, are to Assist on the Flanks, to see that the Ranks March ex­actly even and at their distance.

When the Word is given to March, both Front and Rear step all at a time with their Left Feet, setting them down all together, so that they may be heard. [Page 117]They are then to March very slow­ly, and the Pikes to March even with the Wings of Shot. And great care is to be taken that the Men do not press one upon an­other, but March directly for­ward without inclining to either hand.

As soon as the Body is March­ed as far as is intended, they are to be Commanded to

And the Drums beating a Re­treat, the Lieutenants lead them in the same Order and Method as before, back to their Ground, which being come to, the Com­mand is,

At which Word the Lieute­nants return from the Rear into the Front; And the Sargeants that were before in the Rear, re­turn thither again from the Flanks.

Of Marching in Three Di­visions.

If the Battalion be to March in Three Divisions, the Captains are to be Divided, one half at the [Page 119]Head of the first Division of Shot, and the other half in the Rear of the last Division; one half of the Lieutenants in the Rear of the first Division of Shot, and the other half at the Head of the last Division of Shot.

The Colours are to March at the Head of the Pikes which are to be Advanced, The Colonel or Lieutenant-Colonel, or (in their absence) the Officer in Chief is to March Two Paces before the Rank of Captains at the Head of the first Division of Shot; the Captains and all other Offi­cers keeping the same distance from the Soldiers as they were Posted at, at the Head of the Bat­talion when Drawn up; and ta­king great care that they keep that distance exactly, and no [Page 120]more, Viz. The Captains Four Paces from the Soldiers, and the Lieutenants and Ensigns two, or at least at a proper distance to Salute.

The Officers that are to March in the Rear of the Division are to fall after them as they March off, and not before. And the Sarge­ants that were Posted in the Reat, are to take care of the Pikes in their Marching.

The Drums are to be divided equally to the Divisions, and to March between the Second and Third Rank.

The Granadiers are to March about Twenty Yards before the Battalion.

The Equipage of the Colo­nels and Officers of the Front is to March a little on the Left [Page 121]Hand between the Granadiers and the Battalion. The Ho boys are to March at the middle Di­stance, between the Commander in Chief and the Granadiers.

Whenever a Division is Com­manded to March, they are to step together at once, both Front and Rear with their Left Feet, and to March slowly.

In Marching, both Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, and all Officers are to March with their Pikes under-hand Comported, ta­king care not to droop the Spear too much, nor to swing their hands in Marching, but to keep them steddy.

Assoon as they come near the King or Person whom they are to Salute, They are to Shoulder their Pikes and to [Page 122]take Care to do it together that is, Every Rank of Office as they approach the King to Shoulder their Pikes to­gether, and to carry them level upon their Shoulders; And when they come to Salute, to be very exact in doing it together, that i [...] may seem as if but one man Sa­luted.

The first Rank of Captains are not to begin to Salute till the Co­lonel or Commander in Chief has done Saluting. And the Offi­cers must take Care above all things, That they neither stand still when they Salute nor mend their pace, so as to get too fat from the men; And to take Care in the Salute not to do the Mo­tions too quick.

The Ensigns are to take Care [Page 123]to bring their Colours down all together directly before them without waving them to either Hand; And to take them up all together without standing still or mending their pace.

Assoon as the Officers have Sa­luted, They must pull off their Hatts, and keep them off till they are past by the Person they Salute without bowing. And when they are past at a convenient distance, they are to bring their Pikes a­gain underhand.

The Sargeants are to march with their Halberts Shouldered, the Butt-end upwards, and are al­ways to march with their Hatts off when they pass by the Person that comes to view the Battalion, whether the Officers Salute or no.

None is to Salute the same [Page 124]Person but once standing and once Marching.

The Major and Aid-Major have no fixed Post for Marching, But are always to attend the Co­lonel or Officer in Chief to receive his Orders.

No Sargeant or Corporal is at any time to Carry or Hold the Colours in the absence of the Ensign, but onely a Pikeman.

If a Battalion be Attaqued in Marching, They are immediate­ly to Draw up, Facing either the same way they March or by Wheeling either to the Right or Left as the Ground allows, or as they are Attaqued. For the rea­dier performance of which, It is most necessary to practise a Bat­talion to it in Exercising.

If a Battalion be Attaqued [Page 125]Marching in Three Divisions (or more) and thereby the Divisi­ons obliged to Wheel to the Right. The First VVing of Mus­ketiers is to Draw up on the Right of the Granadiers, and the Pikes on the Right of the Right VVing of Musketiers, and the Left VVing of Musketiers on the Right Hand of the Pikes, which takes up much less time then Marching round the Rear.

Assoon as ever there is occasion to Prepare for being Attaqued on a suddain, or that the Com­mander in Chief is disposed to Draw up a Battalion in that Me­thod, He Commands the Rear Half-Files of Musketiers to dou­ble their Front to the Left in Marching. And assoon as ever the [Page 126]Officer in Chief gives Com­mand to the Musketiers to Ma [...] Ready (which is to be Coc [...] and Guarded) or in Exercise [...] make the Motion of it by Recei­vering their Muskets before the [...] The Pikemen at the same wo [...] of Command are to Port th [...] Pikes, and the Drums to Beat t [...] Preparative, which gives Notice the Rear that they are to Dr [...] up. The Ensigns at the same ti [...] are to give their Colours to t [...] Right Hand-men of the resp [...] ­ctive Companies who are to R [...] ­tice with them immediately [...] the Center of the Pikes, and t [...] Ensigns to take the Pikes whi [...] the said Soldiers carried, and a [...] to March at the head of t [...] Pikes.

The Drums that marched b [...] ­tween [Page 127]the Ranks of the Muske­tiers (as also those of the Grana­diers) are to joyn themselves to those Drums that March with the Pikes. And the Ho-boys to joyn with the Colours.

Assoon as ever the Drums beat the Preparative, every Division (except the first) is to March up with all the speed they can, keeping their Order, that first Division marching no faster then it did before. The Ranks in Marching are to close forward to Six foot, which the Sargeants are to be very careful to see kept ve­ry even and in good Order.

The Granadiers are to be divi­ded into Three equall parts, One third with the Captain at the Head of the Pikes, some Eight Paces from the first Rank, and the [Page 128]two other parts on the Right an [...] and Lest of the Battalion. Thos [...] at the Head of the Pikes are t [...] be Commanded to Present and Fire when the first Rank of Mus­ketiers are commanded to Knee [...] and assoon as ever they have F [...] ­red they are to make ready the Granado's, and after the Two la [...] Ranks of Musketiers (who Fir [...] before the Front Rank) have F [...] ­red, Then they are to delive [...] their Granado's, and to put thei [...] Daggers into their Firelocks.

Those Granadiers on the Righ [...] and Left of the Battalion, are to Fire as the Musketiers Fire, that is the Two last Ranks to Fire with the Musketiers, And assoon as Fi [...] ­red are to put their Daggers into their Firelocks. The Front Rank of Granadiers having their Gra [...] ­nado's [Page 129]ready, are to kneel when the first Rank of Musketiers kneel, And after the Two last Ranks have Fired, They are to stand up, And when the first Rank of Musketiers Fire, They are to deliver their Granado's, And immediately to fix their Daggers in their Firelocks. And when the Musketiers Club their Muskets and Fall on, They are to Charge with their Daggers as aforesaid.

When the Battalion has Mar­ched (so near that the Grana­diers may throw their Granado's so as to fall among the Enemy) with the Officers, both Captains, Lieutenants and Ensigns in one Rank at the Head of the Battali­on, Two good paces from the first Rank of Soldiers, with their Pikes [Page 130]in the same posture with t [...] Pikemen, which they are to o [...] ­serve, The Commander in Ch [...] ­gives the Command to Half [...] which word of Command [...] Drums are to cease from Beati [...] and all the Officers in the Fr [...] ­stand at the Head of the Batt [...] on in one Rank, as is said befo [...] Two paces from it with th [...] Pikes Ported.

Four of the Sargeants t [...] Marched with the Pikes bef [...] they drew up are to Draw [...] with them, Two with the [...] Rank and Two with the last [...] the Right and Left of each Ran [...] The rest of the Sargeants are [...] be on the Flanks, and to assist [...] Officers in the Rear, who are [...] be the same Officers that marc [...] ­ed in the Rear of the Division [Page 131]before they were drawn up, and to continue in the Rear of the Battalion and to take care of it. Onely the eldest Captain that was there is to come up immediately to the Front at the Head of the Left Wing of Shot. And the Sar­geants are immediately (upon the Battalions drawing up) to be very exact in making the Ranks even at Six Foot distance, The Files are to be kept at the same distance (as is said before) so that every Soldier may have free liberty to use his Arms; The best Rule for which is, That every Soldier keep half a Foot from his Right-hand-man.

Assoon as the Commander in Chief has Commanded them to Halt, The Command is, [Page 132] ‘First Rank of Musketiers Kneel.’

Which they are to do by Fa [...] ­ing back with the Right Legs and not stepping forward wit [...] their Left, and keeping the Muskets so low, that the Two o­ther Ranks may Fire easily over them.

At the same time that the Command is given for the First Rank to Kneel, The whole Ran [...] of Officers at the Head of the Battalion, retire at one time int [...] the Intervals, just behind them of the first Rank of Soldiers, but are to take Care that the Soldiers perform their Duties. The Offi­cers (as is said before) are to have their Pikes in the posture [Page 133]conformable to the Pikemen. And those with the Musketiers are to Kneel as they do.

When the first Rank is com­manded to Kneel, the Two other Ranks of Musketiers are to Close forward, as also the Five Ranks of Pikes as close as they can with conveniency to use their Arms, without any other word of Com­mand.

Which they are always to do Breast high, and the First of the Two is always to stoop without any word of Command. And the Pikes at the same word of Com­mand are to Charge their Pikes and to continue so Charged.

At which word of Command, The Front Rank stands up, with­out any other word of Com­mand, having their Muskets Re­covered streight upright before them ready Cockt and Guarded.

Which they do with an Huzza, and the Pikes are to continue Charged, And the Drums to Beat the Preparative again.

At which time the Drums are to cease Beating.

Reduction.

At which word of Command the Pikemen Recover their Pikes before them from their Charge, and the Granadiers take the Posts they had before they were divided.

At which word of Command the Pikemen bring their Pikes to their Thighs to the Advance. And the whole Rank of Officers Advance together Two paces be­fore the Head of the Battalion.

If you would Fire a Battalion in Exercise more then once be­fore you Fall on, in stead of Club­bing your Muskets after the first Firing, the Musketiers are to make ready as they March, and the Pikes Port, And so proceed as before mentioned.

Memorandum, Every Right-hand man of the Pikes of each Company is always to March with the Ensign's Pike.

The Drums are to beat the Preparative whenever the first Di­vision Drawsup, whether it be of a Battalion or single Company, which is the best way to give No­tice to the Rear that they are to Draw up, The Pikes at the Drums Beating the Preparative (if they are Shouldered) are then to Advance, unless the Musketiers [Page 138]be commanded to Recover their Arms, and in such case the Pike [...] are to Port, but never otherway in Drawing up, but to be kep [...] Advanced. Nor are the Ranks to close forward, or to mend their pace in Marching, but to Draw up as at other times, unless the Musketiers are Commanded to Recover their Arms (or to make ready) which is the same Posture, and then they are always to March as is before mentioned.

Of Marching by Sub-Di [...] ­visions.

If a Battalion be to March on the Long March by Sub-Divisions, the Files are first to be Counted, and according to the largeness or narrowness of [Page 139]the way they are to March, they must be Divided accordingly, Posting one half of the Captains at the Head of the first Sub-Di­vision of Shot, and the other half in the Rear of the last. The Lieu­tenants are to be divided to every Sub-Division of Shot, that they may take care of them. The Co­lours are to be divided also to March at the Head of every Sub-Division of Pikes. The Sargeants are always to March on the Flanks; and are never to Lead or Bring up a Division (unless Commanded) The Sargeants that are Posted in the Rear of the Battalion, when Drawn up, are always to take care of the Pikes in Marching.

When they March by Sub-Di­visions, they are to March Shoul­der [Page 140]to Shoulder in Files, but n [...] so as to croud one another. A [...] tho there may happen to be mo­men in one Rank then another yet no Gaps are to be left in the Ranks, but they are to March (as is said before) Shoulder to Shoulder.

The Captains and Officers are always to March with their Pike [...] under-hand, except onely when they pass by a General Officer, or come before a Guard to Re­lieve it, or off the Parade, and then they are to be Shouldered,

Of Defiles.

To pass a narrow Defile, The readiest way to perform it, and to Draw up again in order assoon as past, is to make the Ranks File; [Page 141]If to the Right, the Right-Hand Man is to File first; and the rest of his Rank is to follow him; then they are to Rank again as they were, which is better then Files Filing, because it immedi­ately makes a Front to the Ene­my.

If the Ranks be great, let them File Two a Breast, beginning with the two Outwardmost File-leaders.

For larger Defiles, the Com­mander may draw off as he judg­es the way will easily receive.

Of Wheeling.

When a Battalion is to Wheel to alter the Front, either to one hand or the other, or to bring [Page 142]the Front where the Rear was The Command is, to Wheel [...] ­ther to the Right or the Left first If to the Right, you say,

At which Word of Com­mand every man in the Battali­on moves, and Wheels from the Left to the Right, onely the ma [...] on the Right Angel turns ver [...] slowly, being as it were the Hinge on which the rest move. In this way of VVheeling the [...] must observe both their Right and Left-hand Men. And the first Rank is to take such a com [...] Pass of Ground, as neither to press one another out, nor yet to make a Gap or Interval in the Ranks; [Page 143]The best way to avoid both which is, for every man to be sure to observe what distance he is at in File, when he is Com­manded to VVheel; And If he VVheels to the Right, to be sure to keep that very same distance from his Right-hand Man; And the Ranks are to observe their Leaders well, and to Close quick to the Left in the Rear. The same method must be observed to the Right, if the Battalion be Com­manded to VVheel to the Left.

Of Wheeling when a Battalion or a Body of Men March in Division.

VVhen upon March the VVord of Command is given to [Page 144]Wheel, if it be to the Right, th [...] Right-hand Man keeps h [...] Ground, and onely turns upon h [...] Heel, At the same time the Left hand Man moves about quick till he makes an even Line with his Right-hand Man, and that the Officer bids him Stand.

The Second Rank must no [...] begin to Wheel till they have taken the Ground of the first; [...] every Rank successively is t [...] March directly forward up t [...] their Leaders Ground before the [...] begin to VVheel, upon which d [...] ­pends this way of VVheeling.

Before they come to VVhee [...] the Soldiers are to observe th [...] hand in Marching to which the [...] are to VVheel. For as the Right hand Man is to be observed i [...] Marching when they VVheel to [Page 145]the Right, so they must observe the Left Hand in Marching when they are to Wheel to the Left, But when they are Wheel­ing they must observe the con­trary Hand.

Of Wheeling by single Ranks.

VVhen an Officer is Marching a Body of men, and there be occa­sion to Form them on a suddain into a single Rank, either to make a Guard, or to line a Hedge, the VVords of Command are these, ‘Ranks to the Right (or Left) hand, Wheel. March.’

If they are to VVheel to the Right, the Right-hand Man of every Rank is to stand, and onely [Page 146]turn to the Right on the Ground he stands on, and the rest are a [...] to Wheel together into one Ra [...] at the Word of Command, March. The Colours are to VVheel in before the Rank, and the Drums to take their Posts a the Right and Left of the Ran [...] as also the Sargeants.

VVhen they are so VVheel'd, they may either be Closed to the Right or to the Left, that there may be no Gaps in the Ranks.

Reduction.

For the performance whereof, the Left-hand Man of every [Page 137]Rank is to stand, and onely turn to the Left. And at the VVord March, the rest are to VVheel in­to their places as they were.

Of Wheeling backward by half Ranks.

To VVheel backwards by half Ranks upon a long March, the following Directions are to be observed.

The Number of men ought to be even in every Rank, and the Right and the Left-hand Man of every Rank being Ordered to stand, and onely to Turn to the Right and Left Inwards, the fol­lowing VVords of Command are to be observed.

At which Word of Command [...] the Half-Ranks Separate, and fa [...] back to the Right and Left-hand men, Forming Two Ranks in opposition to one another. The Officers and Colours are to sepa [...] rate accordingly, and to take their Posts, Ranging themselves before the Soldiers to make a Guard.

The Sargeants and Drums are to be on the Right and Left.

Reduction.

The Directions are the same as before: For the Right and Left-hand Man of every Rank is to stand, and onely Turn to the Right and Left Inward, and the rest at the Word March, are to Wheel, and they will be in the same Marching Order that they were.

Closings and Openings.

In this way of Opening back­ward, the Ranks are to fall bac [...] without changing aspect, obse [...] ­ving their Right-hand men, an [...] their Leaders.

When Files open from the Center, they are to face from the Center, and if there be an odd File it is to stand, which is the Center File. Also when Files are to open to the Right or Left, they are not to stir, not so much as changing aspect, till the Word of Command, March be [Page 152]first given; and then they are in [...] ­mediately to Face to the hand named, and to take their distance Commanded every one from hi [...] Leader.

When they open to the Right, they must always observe the [...] Left-hand men. And when they open to the Left, their Right, hand Men.

If they open to the Right, the Second File from the Right, first takes its distance by little Steps, and letting his Leader go as far from him as the distance he is Ordered, before he stir, the rest of the Files do the like suc­cessively; And the Left-hand File is not to move at all. In opening of Files they are to move extream slowly and directly for­ward.

Doublings.

The Ranks that double are to observe their Right-hand Men to move at the same time with them.

They are to begin the Motions with the Foot next the Hand named, and to come into this doubling, the even Ranks are to [Page 154]double into the odd; and if t [...] odd Ranks are to double, Fa [...] the Body to the Rear, and th [...] same Word of Command will perform it, or else it may be do [...] by this Word of Command.

To Reduce the Ranks.

The Ranks that double a [...] first to Face to the contra [...] hand, and then with the contra­ry Foot come into their form [...] Ground; But they are not t [...] stir, not so much as to alter the aspect, till the Word of Co [...] ­mand, March be first give [...] And 'tis a constant Rule upo [...] [Page 155]all Doublings of Ranks or half Files, That tho they are to turn to the contrary Hand they Dou­bled on from the Ground they Doubled to; yet when they come to their own Ground, they are always to turn to the Hand they doubled, which brings them directly after their Leaders.

The doubling of Files is per­formed in the same manner, and is the same thing with the Redu­ction of doubled Ranks.

Doubling of Front Half-Files by the Rear Half-files, with the Reduction.

If it be upon a March, th [...] Rear Half-files are to move int [...] the Front with a quicker Motio [...] The Front Half-files still contin [...] ­ing theirs. But all must observe their Right-hand men.

And for Reduction, Let th [...] Rear Half-files without Facing a­bout, stand till the Front Half-files have passed by, and then fall after their proper Leaders; But if the [Page 157]Front Half-files are to be doubled by the Rear, the Body standing still, the Rear Half-files are to March extreme slow, observing well their Right-hand men, that every Rank may double at one time. And in the Reducement, As in the Doubling of single Ranks, no man is to stir till the word of Command March be first given, And then they are all to turn together to the contrary Hand they doubled on. And when they come upon their own ground they are always to turn to the same Hand they Doubled to.

Doubling of Rear Half-files by the Front Half-files, with the Reduction.

At which VVord of Command, the Front half-files, or the Three Front-ranks turn to the Right a­bout, and passing on the Right Hand of their followers, or th [...] Rear half-files, they are to Dou­ble into them; and assoon as doubled, to face to the Left a­bout to their Leader, without a­ny VVord of Command.

Reduction.

At which word, The Front Half-files are to March slowly, observing to keep Three foot from their Right-hand-men, which makes them incline to the Left, and brings them directly up­on their former ground.

In Doubling to the Left about, the same thing is to be done, one­ly observing the contrary hand.

Of Firing to the Front.

Soldiers are to be Exercised to Fire all manner of ways, In keep­ing of ground, Gaining of ground, and losing of ground.

To make them Fire in keepi [...] of ground, 'tis necessary that [...] Body be as close in Rank and F [...] as can be conveniently with th [...] use of their Arms.

One way is thus.

At which time the Musketi [...] are to be Cockt and Guarded an [...] their Arms streight before them the Pikes ported. And when th [...] Musketiers Present, The Pikes a [...] to be Charged.

And so of the rest. And as they have Fired, They are to Charge again, and to be in a readiness a­gainst the First word of Com­mand.

This way of Firing may be per­formed either by Two Ranks at a time, or Three Ranks, The first kneeling, and the second stoop­ing, or the Two first stooping.

'Tis necessary also to exercise them to Fire gaining ground, which is to be performed in this manner.

The Battalion Marching, the Commander in Chief Orders.

At which time the whole [...] ­talion Halting, He is to Co [...] ­mand the first Rank of Musk­tiers to ‘Present,’ and ‘Fire.’

When they have Fired, they a to Recover their Arms witho [...] any word of Command, and File off very quick to the Rig [...] and Left into the Rear. When t [...] first Rank Presents, the next Ra [...] is to Make ready in course w [...] out any word of Command, A [...] as the first Rank Files off, t [...] next makes good the Front, A [...] so the Battalion is to march [...] ­gain, and every Rank to Fire [...] this Method.

The Pikes are to Charge wh [...] every Rank Presents without [...] word of Command.

Firing to the Front Retreating.

If a Body of men or Battalion be prest in Front and forc'd to Re­treat, The most commodious way of Firing is by single Ranks in the same Method as in gaining ground, only after every Rank has Fired and Filed off to the Right and Left into the Rear, In­stead of the next Rank Advan­cing to make good the Front of Pikes, The Pikes are to Retreat to the Musketiers, who stand still till the Pikes make an even Front with them, and so every Rank of Shot is to Fire successively in the same manner as the first.

Of Firing to the Flanks.

If upon a March a Body o [...] men be forced to Fire to bo [...] Flanks, the way of doing it is th [...] The Ranks being at six foot [...] stance, Intervals of about [...] foot distance are to be left b [...] ­tween the Divisions of Mus [...] ­tiers and the Pikes, which the O [...] ­ficers must have a great Care [...] keep open, by causing the Musl [...] ­tiers to encline to the Right an [...] Left after every Firing to th [...] Flanks, which is to be perform [...] in this manner.

VVhich they are to do and keep along with the Body and not to Face to the Flanks till they are bid Present.

Assoon as they have Fired they are to Face to the Rear, and so are by a Sargeant to be led athwart it very quick, and so up between their own Divisions, and the Pikes assoon as the outermost Files Face to the Flanks to present, The next File of the Right and Left is to Make ready without any word of Command, and to keep along with the Body till the outermost Files be clear of them, that is, Till they are bid Present, which is the next word of Command the Commander in Chief is to give after he bids the Two first Files Make ready. The Files that Fire are to fall back with their [Page 166]Right Feet and not step forwa [...] with their Left.

In Exercise, this way of Firi [...] is to be continued till all the [...] have fired.

Of Firing to the Rear.

This way of Firing is perfor [...] ­ed almost the same way as Fir [...] to the Front Retreating.

At which time the Rear Ra [...] stands Cockt and Guarded.

When they are bid Presen [...] they are to turn upon their [...] Foot To the Right about, [...] [Page 167]cast their Right Leg backwards, then Present & Fire. And imme­diately assoon as Fired without a­ny word of Command, They are to Recover their Arms, and at a good round rate within three foot of the Body to the Right and Left outwards to March, up into the Front, and there place themselves.

Assoon as the last Rank is bid Present, the next Rank of Mus­ketiers is to make ready of course without any word of Command, But not to Face to the Rear till they are bid Present.

Assoon as the first Rank is com­manded to Present, the Pikes are to march till the Rear Rank of Pikes come even with the next Rank of Musketiers, which is standing Cockt and Guarded, so that there will be room left in the [Page 168]Front for the Rank of Muske­tiers that Fire to come up a [...] place themselves even with th [...] first Rank of Pikes, and so every Rank successively is to do [...] same by the same Method; Th [...] Officers and Sargeants are to s [...] the Soldiers move away qui [...] without noise (which of a [...] things is most to be avoided) an [...] that they place themselves rig [...] in the Files.

The word Make ready i [...] made use of but once, after whic [...] (as is said before) when the Rea [...] Rank is bid Present, the next Rank is to Make ready.

Of Firing the Street-way.

If a Street, or any way be to be defended against Horse, where [Page 169]they can Charge onely in Front, the best Method is this; If there be fewer Pikes then Musketiers, which most commonly happens, the Rear Half-files of Pikes are to double the Front by these words of Command.

Then ‘Musketiers to the Right about, March.’

As soon as they are clear of the Pikes, ‘Musketiers, Face to the Right and Left Inwards. March.’

By which they are to joyn the Center of the Pikes.

Then ‘Face to your Lead [...]’

The Officers must take care see that the Shot and the Pi [...] Wing alike, and that the Mu [...] ­tiers be at no greater dista [...] from the Pikes then onely to [...] room for the Colours, Dr [...] and Hoboys to be between.

The Captains are to be in [...] first Rank of Pikes, and the Lie [...] ­tenants with the Musketiers. [...] the Body is greater or lesser, Sargeant or more is to ca [...] the two first Ranks of Mu [...] ­tiers to Face to the Right or [...]

Assoon as the Officer [...] Chief has given Command, [Page 171] ‘Port your Pikes.’

The two first Ranks of Mus­ketiers, Make ready.

At which Word the Sargeants are to bring up the two first Ranks either to the Right or Left, as is Ordered before-hand, who Filing two and two up into the Front, March athwart it un­der the Pikes, carrying the Muz­zels of their Muskets so as they may neither knock against the Pikes, nor yet do their Leaders any Mischief.

Being plac'd under the Pikes, they are to face to the Proper Front without any word of Com­mand, and to make two Ranks.

That there may be alwa [...] some Fire reserved, 'tis best [...] Fire but one Rank at a time, t [...] second standing Cockt an [...] Guarded, both of them being [...] close to the Pikes as they can w [...] the conveniency to use their Ar [...]

Which they are to do by fall [...] back with their Right Foot, a [...] not stepping forward with th [...] Left; and to be sure to keep th [...] Arms streight upright befo [...] them, their Left Hands the heig [...] of their mouths.

Assoon as they have Fired, th [...] are to Recover their Arms wit [...] out any word of Command and to File off to the contra [...] hand they came up on, as qui [...] [Page 173]as 'tis possible, and are to be Led by a Sargeant close by the Body [...]nto the Rear, and there placed [...]n their Right Files.

When the Musketiers are bid Present, the Pikes are to Port ve­ [...]y low without a word of Com­mand: And as soon as they have [...]ired, the Pikes are to Raise their [...]ikes again to the height they [...]ere at, without a word of Command, which is to avoid be­ [...]g shattered with the Shot.

The Subaltern Officers must [...]ke care that the next Rank of Musketiers be always ready just [...] the Angle to March under the [...]kes in the room of the second [...]ank; which upon the Firing of [...]e first, is to take the place of it.

If the Street to be Defended be [...]ry broad, an Interval must be [Page 174]made (besides the passages on t [...] Flanks) wide enough for t [...] men on a Breast: For otherwi [...] the long intermission betwee [...] the Firings will give the Hors [...] opportunity to Attack them.

Reduction.

As soon as they are clear of [...] Pikes.

‘Musketiers, to your prop [...] Front. March,’ Till even with the first Rank [...] Pikes.

Which done, the Officers, [...] ­lours, Drums and Hoboys are be Commanded to their prop [...] Posts.

Of Firing by a running Fire for Shew.

A Battalion being drawn up or Parade, if they are to Fire by [...] running Fire, they are to take [...]t either from the Right or from [...]he Left, but commonly 'tis be­ [...]un on the Right.

The manner is thus.

After the Musketiers are Com­manded to make Ready (which [...] Cockt and Guarded) they are [...]o be Ordered to Present in the [...]r, giving Order to the Officer [...]n the Right to make the first man (after they are presented) begin to Fire; because if the [Page 176]Word be given aloud, they [...] all take it, and Fire a Volley [...] stead of a running Peal.

Every File-leader is to Fi [...] a quick as 'tis possible after [...] Right-hand Man, and ev [...] File is to take care to Fire w [...] their File-leader.

Words of Command for For [...] ­ing the Hollow Square.

The Battalion being draw up, the Ranks at Twelve Fo [...] distance, and the Files at Th [...] the Muskets Shouldered, and [...] Pikes Advanced, the Comma [...] is,

After which Method they [...] be made to March them, and [...] to every Front, the Soldiers alw [...] observing that Facing to t [...] Leader, is to face that [...] wherever the Commander [...] Chief is; but to face to the p [...] ­per Front, is onely that way [...] Front of the Bastalion prop [...] stood before this figure [...] formed.

Reduction of the Hollow Square.

They being all faced to the proper Front, the Words of Command are as follow.

Directions how to Form the Hollow Square.

The Battalion being Drawn up, the Muskets Shouldered, and the Pikes Advanced, you must [Page 183]first of all Command the Colours, Drums and Ho boys to the Cen­ter of the Pikes: Which done, you are to make the Ranks close forward to Three large feet di­stance: Then you must make the three outwardmost Files of Pikes on the Right and Left, to double into the three Files of Pikes on the Right and Left, to double into the three Files of Pikes which are next them on their Right and Left. After which you are to make the Rear half-files of Musketiers to double their front either to the Right or Left; which being done, you must make all the Body close their Files to close Order, and af­ter having faced them again to the Proper Front, you are to make the Pikes face Square, and close forward to close Order, as they then are faced every way; which [Page 184]done, you must make the Pike [...] face again to their Proper From [...] Then you Command the Le [...] Wing of Shot to face to the Right about; which being done, both Wings of Shot are to March till clear of the Front and Rear of Pikes. After you have made the Musketiers to Halt, both VVings are to face to the Left, and are to be led by the Sargeants cross the Front and Rear of Pikes. That is to say, the Right VVing of Shot to be led (as near the Pikes as they can March) round, till the Head of the Shot comes even with the Left Rear Angle of the Pikes; and the Left VVing of Shot is to be led in like manner round the Rear of the Pikes, till the Head of the Shot comes even with the Right Front Angle of the Pikes.

Then you must command them all to Face to the proper Front. The Officers are to move with the Musketiers as they move, by which they will naturally fall into the Posts where they are to be, viz. The Lieutenants divided equally into the Four Angles, as also the Sargeants. The Captains are to be divided in the following Manner.

• First Captain To the proper Front.
• Second Captain To the Rear.
• Third Captain To the Right Flank.
• Fourth Captain To the Left Front Angle.
• Fifth Captain To the Right Front Angle.
• Sixth Captain To the Left Front Angle.
• Seventh Captain To the Left Rear Angle.
• Eighth Captain To the Right Rear Angle.

The Officers are to take Care that every Front of Soldiers do their Duty, and the Captains that [Page 186]are in the Center of each Front are to retire into the first Rank when the Musketiers Make ready, and are to kneel when the Soldi­ers kneel, and to perform the same with their Pikes that the Pikemen do. When you have done this, you place your Com­pany of Granadiers (being divi­ded into four equal parts) in the four Angles, and if there be not room enough for them to stand in the Angles without, you must take some of the Files and place them within the Angles with their Daggers in their Firelocks, keeping the rest on the Angles without Three deep, The two last Ranks of which are to Fire with the Musketiers, The Front Rank making ready their Granado's, as­soon as ever the Two last Ranks [Page 187]have fired they are to put their Daggers into their Firelocks and stand Charged, and when the first Rank of Musketiers Present, the first Rank of Granadiers are to deliver their Granado's, and assoon as done, they are to unsling their Firelocks and put in their Dag­gers and stand charged as the rest.

When you give the Command to Face square the Musketiers on the Right and Left are to Face outwards, and those in the Rear to Face to the Right about, The Three outwardmost Files of Pikes on the Right and Left are to Face outwards, and the Rear half Files of the rest of the Pikes are to Face to the Right about. Those men that are in the Angles, are to Face towards the Points of the Angles, the Musketiers must close back­wards [Page 188]as near to the Pikes as they can with convenience to use their Arms, that the Pikes may reach the farther over them.

The Ensigns are to keep their Colours Advanced and Flying, which are to be Posted within the Square after this Method.

If there be Ten Colours, The three Colours on the Right are to be against the proper Front of the Battalion, The two Colours next to them are to be against the Right Flank. The two Colours next to them are to be against the Left Flank, and the Three next to them are to be against the Rear, and they are all to Face as the Bo­by Faces, and to March as they do. The Drums and Ho-boys are to divide themselves equally, to make as much room as they can within the Square.

The Musketiers being com­manded to Make ready, They are all to make the motion of Cocking and Guarding, and at the same time the Pikemen to Port their Pikes very low, (as they stand faced) without any word of Com­mand, as also the Officers.

You must fire onely the Two last Ranks together, that is, The second and third, the first of which being to stoop, the Front Rank or the first Rank of all is to kneel, holding their Muskets so that the two other Ranks may Fire clear of them. Assoon as ever the Second and Third Rank have Fired and Recovered their Arms, the First Rank is to stand up without any other word of Command with their Muskets Cockt and Guard­ed ready to Present. And at the [Page 190]same time the two other Ranks which have Fired Load their Arms again and Make ready. The Pikes are to continue Ported very low all the while till all the three Ranks have Fired. After the Front Rank stands up, They are to be commanded to Present and Fire, and after that to Recover their Arms, the Pikemen at the same word of Command being to Recover their Pikes. The Front Rank which Fired last and all the rest that have not Primed and Loaded their Arms, are to do it (or in Exercise to make the mo [...] ­tion of it) as they March, and are afterwards to Shoulder. The Granadiers are to be Ordered as is before mentioned.

The reason why the Pikes do not Charge when the Muske­tiers [Page 191] Present, but continue Port­ed, is, That the Musketiers in fi­ring may not shatter the ends of them with their Shot, but when the Musketiers have fired, if there be occasion, the Pikes may be made to Charge from their Port in the twinkling of an eye.

Of the Saluting Posture stand­ing.

An Officer is to stand in the same posture with his Pike Or­dered as a private Soldier, onely his Arm stretched out, holding his Pike at Arms end, the Buttend at the same distance from his Right Foot, which keeps it up­right.

To Salute standing.

The Officer is to fall back with the Right Arm and Leg, keeping the Spear of his Pike directly [...] the Rear sloped, just about th [...] same height as a Soldiers Pike [...] when it is Shouldered, his Le [...] Toe to the Front, and the middl [...] of his Right Foot against his Le [...] Heel, his Left Hand stretched ou [...] streight before him, he is to take hold of the Pike and turning i [...] with his Right Hand, to quit that place he had hold of with his Right Hand, and taking hold of the But-end with his Right Hand, he is to bring the Spear of the Pike close to the ground, but not to touch it, his Fingers of both Hands streight out assoon as ever he has brought [Page 193]the Spear so low, he is to raise the Pike again, and to bring the Spear backward directly to the Rear at the same Height 'twas at, and bringing up his Right Foot at the same time, brings his Pike up to the Order 'twas at, and then he is to pull off his Hat without bowing, and to keep it off till the Person be past whom he Salutes. He must be sure to observe to do every Motion leisurely, and not too quick. And take Care to have his Salute timed, so that he may be ready to pull off his Hat just as the person he Salutes comes right against him.

In Saluting he must take care always to stand Faced directly to the Front, or that way the Soldi­ers Face, and to Salute just so, let the Person he Salutes come which way he will.

To Salute Marching.

Assoon as the Officers approach the Person they are to Salute, They must be sure to Shoulder their Pikes from their Comport all together, and to take great care that they do not swing them round, but onely turn the Spears directly backwards, and lay them as level as 'tis possible to carry them on their Shoulders, their El­bows out.

When they Salute, they must take great care to do every Mo [...] ­tion exactly together and leisure­ly. And therefore 'twould be ne­cessary for One to give the Word to the rest. And they are to take care that in Saluting they neither stand still nor mend their pace.

The first motion in Saluting is [Page 195]to dart their Pikes leisurely direct­ly forward upon the same level as they are Shouldered, stretching out their Right Hand as far as they can, advancing at the same time with the Right Foot, and then advancing with the Left Foot, bringing the Right Hand back, they turn their Pikes the Spear directly forward bringing them near the ground, and then raising them again, They bring them to their Shoulder upon a direct level as they were; Which done, They pull off their Hats without bowing, and keep them off till they are past by the Per­son they Salute.

They must be sure to time their Salute so, as to be ready to pull off their Hats just as they come over [...] the Person they salute.

Of the Exercise of Horse.

THe Exercise of Horse, con­sisting in fewer words of Command than that of Foot, i [...] more generally known; and there is little alteration to be made from former practice, but what is rather for Shew than Use.

When a Troop or Squadron is to Exercise, they must have their Carabines and Pistols Loa­den, and when the Corporals have been through the Ranks, and seen that they are all ready, the Officer in Chief Commands Silence, and proceeds, as follow­eth.

Words of Command.

The same VVords of Command are given for the other Pistol. And then as followeth.

All which Motions the Offi­cers are to see done exactly at the same time, and therefore must not give the VVords of Command too fast.

VVhen a Body of Horse is Drawn up, the Officers are to [Page 199]stand close to their Men, onely he who Commands must be a Horse-length before the rest of the Officers; and the same is to be observed in Marching, for no­thing is more unseemly than Offi­cers to be at too great a distance from their Men.

It is thought requisite to make an Alteration in the manner of VVheeling of Horse; For where­as formerly when a Squadron of Horse was Commanded to VVheel (if it were to the Right) the Right-hand Men Closed to the Left, by which the Ranks were apt to be put out of Or­der; And therefore the Practice now is, That the Right-hand Men keep their Ground onely Turning their Horse Heads to the Right, whilst the Left comes [Page 200]about; In which Motion they must observe their Left-hand Men.

It is also necessary to practise Horse to Facing to the Left About.

When a Squadron of Horse is to Charge another, it is better they should do it with their Swords in their Hands, than ei­ther with Pistols or Carabines.

The Exercise of Granadiers on Horseback.

WHen they are on Horse­back, then the Common Exercise used by Horse is most proper for them, onely they must strictly observe, that whenever they March, Wheel, Face or Halt, they keep Three foot distance betwixt every File, that they may have room to Dismount their Horses, March through, or Face about. And be­ing thus Marched into the Field, their Arms Charged, and their Hatts on, the Word of Command being given to Halt, the Officer in Chief Commanding Silence, is to proceed as followeth, Viz.

At which word of Command the second Rank is to march through on the Right Six Foot before the first, with their Match­es ready to blow.

At which word of Command the Third Rank is to march through on the Right Six Foot be­fore the Second.

At which word of Command the first or proper Front is [...] march through Six Foot.

Which the Second and Thi [...] Ranks are to perform in the sam [...] manner successively by the sam [...] words of Command.

Here if you order the Muskets to be Charged, you may proceed, as followeth.

After which the Officer may proceed to Marchings, Facings, Wheelings, or what other Exer­cise [Page 212]he shall think fit and prop [...] for them on Horseback and t [...] shew them the Method of charg [...] ­ing their Arms on Horseback [...] well as on foot, and the words [...] Command are to be given so [...] stinctly that the other Officers m [...] have time to see every particul [...] person exactly observe the sam [...] and that they be accustomed to Fire at Marks both on Horseback and on Foot.

Exercise of Dragoons.

'TIs to be supposed, That when the Officer in Chie [...] comes into the Field, he finds the Dragoons Drawn up in Thr [...] Ranks, with their Muskets Ad­vanced: [Page 213]Whereupon Silence be­ing Commanded, The Word is,

When they Dismount, the Six Outside Men are to continue Mounted, that they may take Care of the Horses.

Then the Battalion is to be Formed in the same Method as the foot, by evening the Ranks, and Streightning the Files; The Sargeants and Corporals falling into the Flanks and Rear of the Battalion, and the Commission. Officers Forming a Rank in the Rear, which is done by the fol­lowing words of command, the Officer in Chief standing about Twenty Paces distant from the Front of the Battalion in the mid­dle of it

When they are from their Arms, they are at the first Beat of Drum to return to them with a Huzza, and as they run, Draw their Swords: And then every Man is to stand over his own Arms.

For Firing on Horseback.

Their Muskets being advanced on their Right Thigh.

Then they are ready to March, Wheel or Face, with or without their Daggers fixt in their Mur­kets, as the Officer commanding shall think fit.

Of Encamping.

THe Major Genral for the day, having with him such of the Guards of Horse, as shall be thought fit, and ordered by the General for the Security of the Camp, is to March before the Ar­my that he may have time to view the ground and to Settle the Camp, not far from Water, if it may be with convenience, Which being done, He is to order the Quarter-Master-General to Set out the Ground to the Majors of the Brigades, who thereupon Set it out to the Adjutants of each Regiment, who divide it for each Troop or Company. The Major General in the mean while is to Ride about the Camp to Post the [Page 222]Main-guards, as he finds best for the Safety of the Army, and is to order the Quarter-Master Ge­neral what ground or Village he shall take up for the Kings Quar­ters, as also some commodious place for the Park of Artillery, and another for the Bread-Carts which is Commonly near the Cen­ter of the Army with the Hos­pital.

When every thing hath been done as above mentioned, and the Camp all Marked out, then the Major-General is to send an Aid de Camp to give Notice to the Ge­neral that all is ready. And at the Entering into the Camp the Major General is to meet the Ge­neral to give him a full Account of every particular, The Adju­tants General of Horse and foot [Page 232]attending always on the General, that they may be ready to Execute his orders, and make Detach­ments without delay.

It is the usual Practice to Camp an Army in two Lines, The Second distant from the First Three hundred Paces; that is, From the head of the First Line to the Head of the Second, whereof one hundred and twen­ty are for the Encamping of the First Line, so that there remains One hundred and eighty Paces for the distance between the last Tents of the first Line and the Head of the Second. And if the Army Encamp with a Reserve, Then the same distance is to be observed by them.

The Horse are to be posted on the Wings, and the foot in the [Page 224]Middle in such a manner that the Lines of the Camp look towards the Enemy and be Covered be­hind by a River, Brook, or Marsh, if it may be with Convenience.

Every Squadron consisting [...] Three Troops, and fifty men [...] each Troop, must be allowed fi [...] ­ty paces. And every Battalio [...] consisting of sixteen Companies and fifty men in each Company, must have One hundred paces al­lowed for their Encamping.

All Troops or Companies of Horse or Foot consisting but of fifty men, are to be Encamped on one Row of Baraques or Hutts; But when Troops or Companies consist of more men, there must be two Files of Baraques or Hutts.

It is to be observed that in each [Page 225]Squadron or Battalion, The Co­lonels Company be always upon the Right or Left, And there make their Row of Hutts. Be­hind them must be left a space for the Street. Then the Second Company makes their Row of Hutts, near to which the Third makes theirs, leaving the space of two Foot onely between their Hutts which is called the Bystreet. And the same thing is to be obser­ved by the Horse.

The Hutts of the Foot always open towards the Street, the Baraques of the cavalry always towards the Horse Heads.

The Hutts of the Quarter-Master and Sargeants are always to be at the Head of the Troopers and Soldiers, And the Officers Tents behind.

The Camp of the first Br [...] gade of the Army is on the Righ [...] Hand of the first Line, That [...] the second on the Left, the Third is posted on the Right of the Se­cond Line, the Fourth on the Left, and the rest in the Cente according to their seniority. This is to be observed among the Horse as well as Foot.

The Dragoons are never to be Encamped in the body of the Army, but have their Camp at the Head, or on the Wing on that side where the greatest danger is, serving always as an out-guard for the Army.

Every Regiment is to have a Guard at the Head of their Camp, And [...] the Major General for the [...]ay, takes care to place the great Guard in a proper place and di­stance [Page 227]from the Army towards the Enemy, choosing for that ef­fect a place where all the Ave­nues may be discovered. There it is to continue during the day, and at night is to draw off near the Army at the Head of the Foot.

When an Army Encamps near an Enemy, and there be no river to divide them, the General often­times Entrenches his Camp and makes his men pass the night under Arms.

The Colonel, or Officer of Horse who Mounts the Guard, is to send off an Out-guard, or Ad­vance-guard, consisting of twen­tey four Troopers commanded by a Lieutenant, whom he posts where he sees most convenient in a place from whence the coun­try about may be easily disco­vered.

The Duty of him who com­mands the great Guard, is to let no person whatsoever passe with­out an Order, to look every where about, and to send Notice to the General whenever he discovers any Troops or Forces.

It is to be observed, That the Measure of ground before menti­oned, is meant onely for Encamp­ing of an Army, For if it were to be Ranged in Battel in case of Service, the distances between the Battali­ons or Squadrons are to be greater then in a Camp. It must be end ea­voured as much as may be, That the Second Line be equal to the first, keeping the same distance upon the right and Left.

The Particulars of Encamp­ing a Battalion.

WHen the Quarter-Master hath his Ground alloted to him for Encamping a Battali­on (which is commonly One hundred Paces) he is to divide it in the manner following, Viz. He must allow Seven Foot Square to each Hutt, Two Foot to the By-streets. and fifteen Foot to the great Streets. Every com­pany consisting of fifty men ought to have Ten Hutts; And' there must be the distance of Two Foot between the Hutts. The Kitchins must be marked out at Twelve Foot distance from the last Row of Hutts, and are [Page 230]to be placed just over against them, so that the streets may be open quite through for the Offi­cers to passe easily to the Head of the Camp as there shall be occa­sion. The length of the Kitch­ins is to be Nine Foot, and the breadth six Foot. There must be Thirty Paces distance between the soldiers Kitchins and the Front of the Captains Tents; Forty Paces distance between the Captains Tents and the Front of the Tents of the subaltern Offi­cers; and the remaining Ground is for the Encamping of the Field-Officers, and the Captains Equi­page. The Suttlers are to En­camp behind the Officers Tents: The Colonells, and Field Offi­cers, and Staff-Officers Tents are to be in the Center of the Battalion, [Page 231]behind the Tents of the Cap­tains.

There must be twenty or thirty Paces [...]et ween one Batta­lion and another: The Sarge­ants Hutts are to be at the Head of the Soldiers, to open the con­trary way; That is, to the Front.

The Pikes (whether they are placed against a Cross or in a Stand) must be allowed at Eigh­teen Foot distance from the Hutts. The Muskets at Eighteen Foot distance from the Pikes. That is, before them.

The Colours and Drums are to be set within the Hollow of the Pikes; The Holberts of the Sar­geants that March with the Shot, should be placed with the Mus­kets, and those of the Sargeants [Page 232]that March with the Pikes, with the Pikes.

The Particulars of Encamp­ing a Squadron.

WHen a Quarter-Master of Horse hath his Ground allotted to him for a Squadron, which is commonly Fifty Paces, He is to divide it in the follow­ing manner, Viz. He must al­low Three Paces for the length of a Baraque, and Two Paces distance from the opening of the Baraques to the Stakes to which the Horses are fastened, and Three Paces for each Horses standing, and Ten Paces for the Street.

To the Second Troop is to be allowed Two Paces distance, [Page 233]three Paces for their Baraques, and One Pace distance for the By-streets.

The third Troop must have two Paces distance, three Paces for the Baraques, and three Paces for the Horses, after which there will remain Fifteen Paces, which makes the distance from one Squadron to another.

If the Squadron be stronger, they must have more Ground, this being onely for a Squadron of one hundred and fifty Men in three Troops, each Troop making but one row of Baraques.

The Colours are to be placed at Eighteen Foot distance from the Front of the Baraques, in the same Line with the Pikes.

There are commonly ten or twelve Baraques on a row for [Page 234]every Troop of Fifty Men, [...] there must be at least two Pac [...] distance from one Baraque to [...] other.

For the Kitchins belonging to the Troops, the Officers Tent [...] and the Suttlers which attend up on the Troops, the same mea­sures are to be observed in propor [...] ­tion as are used for Encamping [...] Foot. By a Pace is meant thr [...] Foot.

Orders for Battel.

THo there can be no certain Rules given for any Orde [...] of Battel which depends chiefly upon the Circumstances of Place, and other accidents; yet these short Directions are to serve for an Example to shew the nature [Page 235]of the thing by a single Battalion.

You must first of all com­mand Silence, at which time the Ranks are to be two good Paces distant, and the Files closed in such manner that every Soldier may march at his ease, and so Load and Fire; which will be best effected by every ones keep­ing the distance of half a Foot from his Right-hand Man; So that they may have liberty of moving their elbows as they March.

You must Command them to March very slowly, to observe the Right in Marching, and to preserve the Intervals, which are always to be Fifty or Sixty Paces at least, and (if the Ground will afford it) more; that Fifty or Sixty of a Battalion may passe through [Page 236]them with ease, nothing hav [...] ever proved more prejudicial [...] Battel, then the leaving interva [...] too strait.

None is to speak but the Com­mander in cheif, or the Major (by his Order) who is alway [...] to attend his commands.

To a Battalion of ten Com­panies, there are supposed to b [...] (besides the Colonel and Lieute­nant Colonel) Eight Captains, and Nine Lieutenants, who are to be Posted in the Form of Battel as followeth.

Colonel and Lieutenant Colo­nel, and Five Captains at the Head of the Pikes.

• 1^st & 3^d Captain at the Head of the right Division of Shot.
• 2^d & 4^th Captain at the Head of the Left Division of Shot.
• [Page 237]6^th Captain in the Rear of the Pikes.
• 7^th Captain in the Rear of the Left Wing of Shot.
• 8^th Captain in the Rear of the Right Wing of Shot.
• [...] ^st and 3^d Lieutenant at the Head of the right wing of shot.
• [...] ^d and 4^th Lieutenant at the Head of the Left VVing of shot.
• 5^th Lieutenant on the Right Flank.
• 6^th Lieutenant on the Left Flank.
• 7^th Lieutenant in the Rear of the Pikes.
• 8^th Lieutenant in the Rear of the Left VVing of shot.
• 9^th Lieutenant in the Rear of the Right Wing of Shot.

Which Rule is to be obser [...] whether the Colonel or Lieu [...] ­nan-Colonel be present or [...] by placing the Eldest Captains at the Head of the Pikes, and so proceeding in the Method be [...] specified, the Youngest bein [...] Posted in the Rear, what ever th [...] Number of Officers may be, u [...] ­less the General or Command [...] in Chief give Orders to Post the [...] otherwise, as there may be o [...] ­casion.

Advancing against the Enem [...] in Battel out of Musket-shot, the Captains and other Officers at the Head of the Bat [...]alion are all to March in a Line with their Pikes in their Hands two good Paces before the Men, and are often to look behind them, be cause otherwise they may insen [...] ­sibly [Page 239]get too much before the Body and the Soldiers by following too fast, fall into Disorder, whereof great care is to be taken in Marching against an Enemie.

When Musketiers come within Shot, and March ready with their Muskets Guarded, the Ranks should be closed forwards to Swords point; the Distance of Files is to be pre­served, as hath been said already.

In a Battel, the Captains and other Officers are to March in a Line; But coming within Shot of the Enemy, and the Musketiers Marching ready Cockt and Guard­ed, when the first Rank is com­manded to Kneel, the whole Line of Cap­tains and other Officers is to retire, each of them into the Intervals of his files next be­hind [Page 240]his Post, yet so that they [...] look to the Right and Left of [...] Battalion.

The Officer Commanding the Rear, is to observe that the Bata­lion keep Marching, to cause [...] Soldiers to close for wards eal [...] without noise or confusion. H [...] chief care is, to comma [...] the Pikes to March alwa [...] even with the VVings of Sh [...] For it often happens, that [...] Marching any considerable tim [...] in Battel the VVings Advance and Form a half-Moon, so tha [...] the Pikes in the middle being ex­treamly pressed upon, the Battalle­lion falls into confusion; [...] ­provided the motion of the Pike be equal with the Right an [...] Left, the Battalion cannot be d [...] ­ordered in its March. Abo [...] [Page 241]all, care must be taken to pre­serve the distance in Rank and File, according to what has been said already.

The Granadiers (when there are any) are to be drawn up on the Right of the Battalion and to augment it, without intermix­ing with it, or troubling the Or­der of it, they being a separate number of Men that are to be alwayes ready for whatsoever shal be commanded them.

The Commander of a Battali­on may be on Horse back at the Head of it, when the Captains are on Foot, with their Pikes in their Hands, in as much as he is to be stirring to a [...]l parts, to see that they March as they should; and above all, that none speake xcept himself, or the Ma­jor [Page 242]by his Order; And is to alight when the Musketiers make Ready [...] and to March with his Pike Charged against the Enemie.

When an Army is drawn up f [...] Battel, the usual distance betwee [...] the Lines is Three hundred Paces.

Of Garrisons and Guards.

THe Officers usually placed in [...] Garrison, are a Governour, a Lieutenant-Governour, a Majo [...] Aid-Major, and Captains of the Gates.

It is the Governours part to have a continual care of the Preservation of the Place Intrusted to him. Hi [...] Office is to appoint the Guards, [Page 243]Rounds, and Patrolls, to give the Word every Evening, visit the Posts, keep the Officers and Soldiers to their Dutie, Charge them to be dili­gent, and to send out frequent parties as well to learn News of the Ene­ [...]y; as to Raise Contributions from [...]he neighbouring Countrey.

The Lieutenant-Governour, or [...]fficer in Chief, Commands in the Place and Government in absence of [...]he Governour, with the same Authority.

The Major sees the Guards Mount­ [...]d, the Rounds and Posts Assigned, [...]e Regulates the Centinels, goes every Evening to receive the Word from the Governour, and gives it about [...]pon the Place of Arms, to the Quar­termasters [Page 244]and Sargeants of the Garrison. He goes his Round [...] Major, Visits the Corps of Guards, and sees that all the Sol­diers Arms are fixt and in good Order; He causes necessary Am­munition to be distributed a­mong them, Orders the Gates to be opened and shut, and gives the Governour an exact accou [...] of all that passes in the Place.

The Aid-majors are more [...] less in number, according to the greatness of Places; They go the Rounds with the Major by turns, and the Dutie of their Places differs nothing at all from his, they being as Assistants to him.

The Care of the Captains of the Gates is to go Evening and Morning to the Governours house, [Page 245]to receive the Keys of the Gates, that they may open and shut them.

There is usually in every Gar­rison (especially a Frontier Town) a Commissarie of Ar­tillerie, a store-keeper, who keeps Account of all the Ammunition, and distributes it according to the Governours Order, a certain number of Gunners, whereof there is alwayes to be one on the Guard at the Batteries, a Com­missary of Provisions who hath the Charge of the Corn, Flower. and all that may serve for the su­stenance of a Garison.

The Officers who are in a Gar­rison, owe all Obedience and Respect to the Governour or Commander in Chief, and they cannot be absent for any Reason [Page 246]soever, without a permission fr [...] him in Writing, or from the Person that commands there in his absence.

In Garrison, some Men are to be placed at the Gates, whose Care is only to observe Strangers that come in and go out, and according to the com­paring the Memorials which they and all the Inn-keepers of the Town are to bring every Evening to the Major; It is known how many Stran­gers are every night in the Place, whatever they are, and where they Lodge.

The hour of Mounting the Guard is different in Garrisons, according to the inclination of the Governours. In some places it is done at the break of day, because at the time when the Ga [...] [Page 247]are opened (which are the usual hour of Surprizes.) Two thrids of the Gar­rison are in Arms; others Mount it at Ten of the Clock in the Fore­noon, or towards the Evening, but the most usual time is at Two of the Clock in the Afternoon.

Whilst the Drums beat for the Guard, the Sargeants or Corporals are to go the Major's House, who makes them cast Lots for the Posts and Rounds, and writs them down in a Register kept for that purpose.

Having, done so, they return to their Companies or Squadrons, who gather together before the Captains Quarters, and if they do not Mount by whole Companies, but by Detach­ed Men (which is the most practicable [Page 248]way of doing Dutie) the Sarge­ants Lead them in good Order, Drums Beating as far as the Place of Arms, to that part where the Guards of the Post which has fallen to their share, ought to meet.

When all the Detachments are Drawn up on the place of Arms, Formed ready for the Guards, th [...] Major or Aid-major makes th [...] Officers draw Lots for the Post and Rounds, beginning by the Captains; and ending at the Sar­geants.

At the Places which are weak­est, and where there is greatest danger, there ought to be a stronger Guard Commanded by a Captain, with a Sub-Lieuten­ant or Ensign, and two or three Sargeants.

The guards being Set, and the Officers having taken their Posts, the Major begins to make the guard of the Place of Arms (or the Main-Guard) March off, then those of the Gates and Ba­stions: And lastly, those that are without.

Whilst the Guard is Mount­ing, the Officers of the Guard that is to be Relieved, put their Soldiers in Arms and draw from the Guard, that they may leave the Place to the Guard that is to Relieve them, and Post them­selves over against them, every Officer standing in his post at the Head of them.

The Officers of the Guard that is Relieved Delivers to them whatever Orders there are, the Corporals do the like to their [Page 250]Comrades, they Charge them with Furniture of the Corps of Gu [...] and informs them of the Num [...] of Sentinels that are to be [...] well by Night as by Day, and what they have to do extraordinary:

The Consignations being made, an [...] the Sentinels Relieved, the Office [...] of the Guard that is Reliev [...] March off their Soldiers to [...] Place of Arms; where when [...] have Drawn them up, they dis [...] them.

The Officers of the Guard t [...] have Mounted, Command the S [...] ­diers to set down their Arm [...] these Words of Command, the [...] being Advanced, and Muskets Sh [...] ­dred.

As soon as the Arms are set down, the Officers are to Order the Corporals to take care that they be in condition to Fire, and that the Bandaliers be provided with Powder and Ball, Flints or Match, and to give strict Com­mand to the Sentinels that are at the Gates, never to suffer any stop of Waggons or Carts upon the Bridges, Charging them to stop the Carriages that come in or go out, untill they know that no others are coming to meet them.

When a stranger on Horseback or Foot, offers to come into the [Page 252]Town, the Out-Sentinels a [...] stop him, then to call the Co [...] ­ral, who give notice of it to t [...] Officer, and the Officer [...] one or two Musketiers with [...] to the Governours House.

At what distance soever a Sen [...] ­tinel discovers any Troops, he ought to give notice thereof to the corps of Guard, and the Office causes immediatly the Barr [...] to be made fast, or a Bridge to [...] Drawn, letting no body in, unles [...] the Major or Aid-major bring Orders for it from the Governo [...]

When it is time to shut t [...] Gates, the Bell is rung to call [...] those that are abroad in the Field and the Aid-majors, or Capta [...] of the Gates, attended by som [...] Musketiers of the Main-guard [Page 253]come to the Governours house for the Keys, and as soon as they come to the Gates, the Officers Draw the Guard in Two Ranks, and Order the Mus­ketiers to stand Guarded, and send some of the Pikemen to help to Draw up the Bridges.

After the gates are shut, One half of the Guard is to be drawn upon the Rampart to pass the Night in the Corps of Guard of the Curtains or Bastions. The Corporals send some Soldiers for Firing and Candle, And Sargeants go to the Place of Arms to receive the Word which is no sooner given but the Sargeants of the Guard car­ry the Word to their Officers, and give it about among the Corporals, who com­mand the Sentinels, to suffer no body [Page 254]after that time to pass upon th [...] Ramparts without commanding them to stand and giving Notice of it to the Corps of Guard.

The Taptoe or Retreat is be [...] ­en either at Nine or Ten, as th [...] Governour directs.

When the Major goes the Round, the Officers of the Guard receive him by the Corporal and Two Musketiers, and give him th [...] Word once only, ‖ That is, at his Round-Major.

When the Governour, Lieute­nant-Governour or Commander in Chief go the Round, The Offi [...] ­cers having Ranked their Soldi­ers before the Guard without Arms, Send a Corporal and Four [...] Musketiers to receive them Te [...] Paces off. And are to give them the Word as often as they pleas [...] [Page 255]to demand it. All other Rounds without exception ought to give the Word to the Corporals or Lanspesades of the Corps of Guards who receive it with the point of their naked sword at the Breast of him who gives it.

In Garrisons hat are well guar­ded, the Rounds go every quar­ter of an hour, To the end the Rampart may never be unfur­nished. And that there may be an exactness in it, They carry Meddals of Lead from guard to guard, so that if there be any ne­glect it may be found where it was.

The Rounds are made with Light, and so soon as a Sentinel perceives any, it is his duty to cry, Who comes there? so loud that he may be heard by the next [Page 256]Corps of Guard. He who goes Round should Answer.

The Sentinels by whom he passes should always rest their Arms, and ne [...] permit any whomsoever to come to near them. When he draws nea [...] Corps of Guard, The Sentinel before the Arms shall ask him very loud.

So soon as he answers ‘The Round.’ The Sentinel is to call to him to ‘Stand.’

And to the Corporal to Come forth.

Thereupon the Corporal is to come immediately out of the Corps of Guards, to draw his Sword and ask, ‘Who comes there?’

When he is answered, ‘The Round.’ He is to say, ‘Let him who has the Word Advance.’

Then the Round Advances and gives the VVord into the Corpo­rals Ears so low that he cannot be heard of any body else. But if one should give any other VVord then what is true, He ought to be stopt, And the Officer of the guard is to be acquainted with it, who either keeps him all night [Page 258]a prisoner, or disposes of him as he th [...] proper.

Though all Sentinels rest the [...] Muskets in the night, and stand with their Pikes Charged when an [...] Round or Officer comes by, ye [...] in the day the Muskets are to b [...] Shouldered, and the Pikes Ordered.

The Out-corps of Guard m [...] Rounds about the covered way but give no word, they being onely made to hearken, and every Soldi­er goes the Round by turns.

The Patrolls are made in th [...] Streets by a Sargeant and six Mu [...] ­ketiers of the Main-Guard to cau [...] the Soldiers to retire to the [...] Quarters, The publick Houses [...] shut their Doors, and to hind [...] the Disorders that may be co [...] ­mitted [Page 259]stopping and carrying to the Guard all that are found in the Streets without Light and disor­derly.

At what hour soever the Alarm is Rung, all the Companies are with speed and diligence to assemble be­fore their Captains Quarters, who are to lead them to the Posts that have been appointed them by the Major.

At the Break of Day the Drums Beat the Reveille, the Aid-Majors and Captains of the Gates come to the Governours for the Keys, and the Officers of the Guards bring off the Soldiers that passed the night on the Ramparts, and Rank them in two Ranks, and make them stand with their Arms guarded whilst the Gates are Opening. The Majors send a Sar­geant [Page 260]with some Musketiers [...] ­scout in the Suburbs and in the Hollow ways about the Town, and draw the Bridge upon them untill they come back. VVhen they bring an account that there is no Danger, the rest of the Bridges are let down. The Corporals place the Out-sentinels whom they i [...] form of what they have to d [...]. The Majors and Captains of t [...] Gates carry back the Keys to the Governours House, and the Offi [...] ­cers make the Soldiers set dow [...] their Arms.

In Garrisons that are well pro­vided with Horse, The Gov [...] ­nour places daily a Guard of F [...] Troopers, and sends every mo [...] ­ing an Officer with some Hor [...] men to Beat the Road a Mile [...] Two round the place.

Every Officer of a guard is to answer for his Post, and no man, not so much as his Colo­nell can Command him in any thing except the Governour of the Place, or he who Commands in his absence.

All Governours or Comman­ders in Chief ought to have a Sentinel at their Door; and as often as they passe by any Corps of guard, the Officers are obliged to draw out their Soldiers before the guard in a Rank without Arms and stand at their Head.

If the Governour or com­mander of a Place be a Lieute­nant-General, he is to have a a Guard at his door consisting of a Lieutenant, Sargeant and Thirty men, who are to be under Arms as well as the other Corps of [Page 262]Guard every time he passes, but the Drums are not to Beat the March.

If the Commander of a Place be a General, he is to have a Guard of Fifty men Commanded by a Captain, a Lieutenant, a Sub-Lieutenant or an Ensign and two Sargeants, And all Corps of Guard are obliged to be under Arms when he passes, and the Drums to beat the March.

When any Prince of the Bloud, or General of an Army passes through a [...] Garrison, The Governour furnishes them with a Foot-Guard; And at their Entry and Departure Salute them with Cannon.

Memorandum, All Field-Offic [...] and Commanders of Battalions [...] exempted from mounting of Guards.

That the Regiments and Troops of Guards are never to Roule with any other Regi­ments or Troops, but are always to choose their Posts.

That the Sargeants of the Regiments of Guards are never to receive Orders in the Ring with any other Sargeants, but in a Ring separately.

General Directions.

THe Officers are to take great Care that their Soldiers keep themselves cleanly and handsome in their Cloaths, as well as their Arms in good order, It being as much the duty of an Officer to see that a Soldiers Cloaths and Shoes and Stockings be as they ought to be, as their Arms, & especially up­on Mounting of Guards or coming upon [Page 264]Dutie They are to see that t [...] have every thing in order.

The Captains of Foot, Lieu [...] ­nants and Ensigns are to wear th [...] Gorgets whenever they are up [...] Duty, or appear in Arms w [...] their Companies.

'Tis very necessary for all Captai [...] and Commanders of Companies to practise their Musketiers to Exercise Pikes, and their Pike-men Musket [...]. As also to practise their men to Sh [...]ot at a Mark, which is extream useful.

'Tis to be observed that in Marchin [...] a Battalion in Three Divisions, th [...] Distances between the Divisions b [...] neither too great nor too little, The best Rule for which is the judgement of the Officers, to keep just so much Di­stance [Page 265]between the Divisions as is ne­cessary to Wheel a Division to make good the Front, as if you were to draw up on a sudden.

In Marching by Subdivisions also, the same Method is best for the distances between every Division.

No Sentinel or Soldier under Arms [...]s to bowe or pull off his Hat.

It is likewise to be observed, That when the Pikes or Muskets of a Body, of men are all Ordered, and that they be to Shoulder their Mus­kets and advance their Pikes, The Musketiers to be Commanded to Poise and Shoulder their Muskets before the Pikes are to advance.

When Officers are at any time to be Divided and Posted, It is to [Page 266]be done by the Odd and Even, the most easie way.

Upon Detachments or part [...] all Officers of Horse are to com­mand according to the Dates o [...] their Commissions, and all Offi­cers of Foot according to t [...] Ranks of their Regiments, and not according to their Commis­sions, But the Lieutenan [...] and Ensigns of the same Re [...] ­ment upon such Detachmen [...] or Parties are to command [...] ­mong themselves, according [...] their commissions, and not [...] Rank of their Companies.

In Marching off any [...] rade or Place where men a drawn up, The Pikes are to co [...] ­tinue Advanced till they ha [...] Marched clear off the Place▪ Arms, The like is to be observ [...] [Page 267]when a Body of men are to draw up, or that they March before any Person that comes to view them.

No Soldiers are to March with any Coats on their Arms, or Sticks in their Hands, or any thing to incumber them.

Of Councels of War, or Courts-Martial.

IN an Army the Councel of War is always to meet at the Generals Quarters or Tent, And none are called to it, but the Lieutenant-Generals, the Major-General, the Brigadiers, and the Colonells or Commanders of Bodies when the Matters concern their Regiments.

Private Councels of War or Cou [...] Martial in a Garrison are either Held at the Governours House, at [...] Main-Guard, or where the Gover­nour orders. In a Camp, at the Col­onels Tent, who causes Notice [...] be given to the Captains to be present.

When all are met, The Gove [...] ­nour or Colonel or he who is [...] Sit as President, takes his place at the head of the Table, the Captai [...] Sit about according to their Seniority (that is to say) The First Captai [...] on the Right Hand of him that Pre­sides, The Second on the Left, a [...] so of the rest. And the Town-M [...] ­jor or the Aid-Major or Quarter Master of the Regiment, who in the absence of the Judge-Advocat di [...] ­charges his Office, is to Sit in [...] Place at the lower end of Table.

The Lieutenants, Sub-Lieutenants and Ensigns have right to Enter into the Room where the Councel of War (or Court-Martial) is held, But they are to stand at the Captains backs with their Hats off, and have no Vote.

If the Councel be Called to De­liberate on some Matter of Conse­quence, The President having Open­ed it to the Court, Asks their Opi­nions.

The Youngest Officer gives his Opinion first, and the rest in order till it come to the President, who speaks last. The Opinions of every one being set down in Writing, the Result is drawn conformable to the Plurality of Votes, which is Signed by the Persident onely.

If the Councel of War, or Court-Martial be Held to Judge a Criminal, [Page 270]The President and Captains having take [...] their places, and the Prisoner being brought before them, And the Inform­ations read, The President Interrogate [...] the Prisoner about all the facts whereof he is accused, and having heard h [...] defence, and the Proof made or a [...] ledged against him, He is ordered to withdraw, being remitted to the care of the Marshal or Jaylor. Then every one Judges according to his Cons [...] ­ence, and the Ordinances or Articl [...] of War, The Sentence is framed ac­cording to the plurality of Votes, and the Criminal being brought in again, The Sentence is Pronounced to him in the Name of the Councel of War, or Court-Martial.

When the Criminal is Condemned to any Punishment, the Provost-Marshal causes the Sentence to be put [Page 271]in Eexecution, And if it be a publick Punishment, the Regiment ought to be drawn together to see it, that there­by the Soldiers may be deterred from offending. Before a Soldier be pu­nished for any infamous Crime, he is to be publickly Degraded from his Arms and his Coat stript over his Ears.

A Councel of War or Court-Mar­tial is to consist of Seven at least with the President, when so many Officers can be brought together, And if it so happen, that there be not Captains enough to make up that Number, the inferiour Officers may be called in.