To make Cloth whiche hath lost his colour, to returne vnto his first estate agayne.

TAKE OF VNQVEN­ched lyme two ounces, of Oake ashes two ounces, of cleare wa­ter two pound. Then meddle thē well all together, and so let them rest one quarter of an houre, and then doe clarifie that water, and therewith wash your cloth, and it will returne vnto his first colour, and waxe fayre agayne as before.

¶ To wash a scarlet which is greasie.

Take of whyte tarter wel and finely beaten, foure oun­ces: then boyle it in two pound of fayre water, till the thyrde part be consumed: then take it from the fyre, and let it coole, and then strayne it through a linnen cloth, and when ye will vse thereof, make it then milke warme, and wash therewith your cloth. Then hang it to drye, and you shall see it fayre, and returne to his first estate and coloure agayne.

¶ To make all colours of silkes which be staynde, to come to their first colour againe.

Fyrst take one ounce of vnquenched lyme, and of the a­shes of a vyne one ounce, also of ashes of an Oake one oūce and a halfe. Put all these into a basen of cleare water, and meddle them all well togither, then heate them a little o­uer [Page 2]the fyre, and when it is warme, take it of the fyre, and let it clarifie a while, so done, then take a sponge and wash your staynie spottes therewith, and see that ye weat no other place, but the spotty places only, and so they wil be well agayne.

¶ To make a sope to take forth greace or other spoties whatsoeuer they be.

Take one pound of roche Allum burnd and made into a fyne poulder. Also take of the rootes cald flames of Flo­rence (so calde in Dutche) halfe a pound: then beate it in to a pouder. Then take a new layde egge, & of white sope two pound and a halfe, then blend your pouder, and your egge and sope altogether well, and thereof make pellots or bals, and if one egge be not sufficient, then take ii. or so much as shall suffice to make your sayd paste withal, and when ye shall haue occasion to take forth anye spotte, take first of commen water and wash your spots on both sides withal warme, then take of the sayd pellots, and rubbe al ouer the spottes in the cloth, so done: then washe out the filth with fayre cleare water, and if there remayne some part and be not all cleane, wash it agayne as afore is mē ­tioned, till it be all cleane, and so shall ye haue it as fayre as before.

¶ Another good way to take forth spots of greace out of any woollen or linnen.

Take first a little fayre water, all to weate and rubbe therewith the sayd greace spottes. Then take a quantity of walkars claye, called Fullars earth, and rubbe a little therewith your spottes all ouer. Then rubbe and chafe [Page 3]your cloth one vppon another, so done, take a syluer spone or such like thing, and scrape out the sayde filthie water and greace, and if then it bee not all cleane foorth, doe so agayne as before is mentioned, and then take a little warme water, and all to weate the sayde place ther­with, so done, Then wring and scrape it foorth as the other afore. Being then cleane, let it be dryde and it will be well.

¶ To take away all spottes on coulered Clothes, be they linnen or woollen

If there chaunce by fortune, to fall a droppe of ynke, or any other stayne, vppon any cloth dyed or coloured, or be­ing cleane whyte, woollen or linnen. Ye shall doe as here­after followeth, that is: take of the iuyce of rawe Lem­mons, or the iuyce of a great Orange Apple, which hath a hard pill or skinne, which the Italions call Pommes Da­dam. Or if ye will take onlye the egar or sharpe iuyce which is in the pouncitron, and strayne it foorth thereof, and with the iuyce yee shall all to rubbe and chaufe the sayde spottye places, and then wash it with luke warme water, and so then scrape out all the filth thereof, with some spoone as aforesayde, or wring it cleane foorth with your handes. If at the firste time peraduenture it bee not cleane, vse it likewise agayne the seconde tyme, as before, and so your cloth will come vnto as good estate as at the fyrste, nor this shall not hurte anye coloure thereof.

¶ Another good way to make cleane spottes of greace, out of all woollen clothes.

Take an hearbe called wood sorrel, or stubwort, which is green, & groweth in woods, in bushes & stubs of old trees, [Page 4]and hath three small leaues lyke a hart, it tasteth sharpe lyke other sorrell. Which hearbe ye shall distill in a lym­bee, and so reserue the distild water in a glasse very close, and when you neede to take foorth any spotte of greace, then take of the distylde water, and rubbe therewith all ouer the sayd spottes. Then chafe your cloth one vppon another: so done, take a spoone, or some other lyke thing, and take away the sayd filthie water therewith. Then if it be not all cleane, doe it likewise agayne as before, with the distilde water warmed, and then yee shall see it will doe well, and shewe fayre and cleare as it was at the firste.

Another good way to take out spottes out of clothes with a lye.

Take three pintes of water, and put therein halfe a pounde of pot ashes, and stirre it well altogether. Let it so stande the space of foure dayes, but yee must in euerye daye stirre it three or foure times. So done, poure foorth the cleare water from the ashes, and put of galles therin, then it will waxe a greene: but if ye wil haue it a blacke, then put a little soote to soke in fayre water, and put that black water therein. With this warmed, ye maye washe your spottie places in any place of your clothes, & it will take it forth fayre and cleane.

To perfume clothes.

Take a violl of Rose-water, in the which ye shall put eyghteene or twentie graynes of Muske, and Ciuet, with a little of Ambergreace, then set all on the fyre, and whē it begins to waxe warme, take it from the fyre, and let it coole, and stoppe it close the space of two dayes, and when ye will perfume your clothes therewith. Set it on the fyre agayne, and being warme, holde your clothes ouer [Page 5]it, and so it shal receiue the fume.

To take out spottes out of gownes and clothes.

Take the rootes of Limoniō, cald in Latine, in English I take it to be the wild Bete. Take the rootes, and seeth them in water, and with the same water, wash the spotty places in your gownes or other garments, and it will be cleane.

To make a sope to take out spottes of oyle and of greace.

Take of good scowring sope, and mixe it finely with the syfted ashes of a vyne, of eche in like portion, thē put therevnto a quantitie of the powder of burnt allum, and also of the lies of wyne, beaten into a fine pouder, and put it therevnto, then mixe and incorporate all these well to­gether, then make thereof square brickes, or round bals, and when yee shall haue neede to occupye thereof, then take of warme water, and rubbe and chafe all ouer your spottye places, and then rubbe thereon with your sope ball, if then it be not all cleane, then must ye take your warme water agayne, and rubbe and chaffe it, as yee did before, and then your sope, and so at length ye shal haue it cleane forth.

A very good way to take out spottes of oyle out of clothes.

Fyrst ye shal take of the oyle of tartar, and rubbe ther­with on the spotty places, and then scrape it away incon­tinent agayn, then ye shall wash it well with luke warme water, and three or foure times with colde water, so then [Page 6]wring it foorth, and see if all the spots be cleane out, if not, wash it agayne, so long as you did before, and so the cloth shal be as fayre as it was when it was new, or be­fore any spots came on it. There is also another way, for to take forth spots with this cyle of Tartar, but because I haue not the true knowledge thereof, I wil not here ex­presse it.

¶ A sope water to take out all spots.

Also, some doe vse to take the water wherein straw­berries had bene sodde, and with that water ye shal wete and soke the spottye places, then take fayre water, and washe out all the filth thereof, so done: take and hang it in the sonne to drye, and it will be so cleane as before it was.

A way to take out yron moles, out of all linnen cloth.

Take and wring forth so much of the iuice of the sow­rest Orange, or Limon that ye can get, then take of the same iuyce, and rubbe the place of the yron moll therwith so let it dry, and euer as it dryeth in, rubbe it ouer again, thus doe often, and euer as you haue wet it, let it rest and drie in the sunne, and at the length ye shall see it will bee all forth and cleane.

A way to take out spottes in scarlet or veluet, of what co­lour or sort soeuer it bee, not chaunging the colours.

Take a hearbe (called of the surgeons) Saponaria, in frenche called Foullons, in English Sopewort, beat them oft, and take out the iuyce, and put thereof on the spottes, [Page 7]then let it so rest the space of one houre if it be in sommer, but if it be in winter let it rest foure houres, then washe those spotty places with fayre cleane water, so shall it be cleane to seeme too, but put once agayne the sayde iuyce thereon. Also if the scarlet be not dyde in the cleare grain then ye may put therevnto halfe of black sope, with so much of the sayd iuyce, so mingle it together, and then frote it thereon, then let it be washte in luke warme wa­ter, and then ye shall see the spots cleane forth. For this way is proouded by experience to be true.

Another way to take out yron moles out of linnen.

Make a chafer seeth full of water, then take your cloth and wet it with the iuyce of Limons, or sower Oranges, or crabbes, or sower wildinges, and then holde it harde to the side of the chafer, and euer as it dryeth in, weat it still agayne, till ye see the moll go forth: for all these thinges aforesayd are good, but the iuyce of Limons and Oren­ges are the best. So euer as ye haue weate your spottes with the sayd iuyce, hold it then hard vnto the syde of the chafer, as is aforesayd, thus doe vntill it weare awaye, for this way hath bene proued true often. Or take the boy­ling iuyce of Sorrell, and lay it therin, and rubbe it with the back of a spoone till it be out.

How to take out oylie spottes out of parchement or writing paper.

Take a mutton bone and burne it to poulder, then let it be fyne beaten, then put of this poulder on both sides of your spots, and let it be prest betweene two hard boordes, the space of two dayes, then take it out, and ye shal see the oyle to be cleane gone, be it eyther parchment or paper.

Another way to take out spottes of paper.

Ye shall take off the water willow boughes, and make ashes therof, or ashes of the buds of the vine, with y^e husks of greene beanes, steepe them in water a day and a night, then put of the same water on the spots, then presse it; and let it so remayne for a daye and a nighte, or as ye shall see cause, and ye shall see it will doe well.

A very good waye to take out spottes of clothes.

Take of the rootes of the hearbe called Gentian, in en­glish brome, take and burne of it, and make ashes thereof, and with the ashes make a lie, and with the said lie, ye shal wash your spotty clothes, and in a short space it will take away all the spots therof. Well prooued.

A good way to take out spottes out of woollen.

Take ashe water, and the powder of Allum together, then take of the ashes thereof, and lay it vpon the spottye places on the cloth, and when it is drie: doe sponge it off, and ye shall see it cleane.

Another agaynst staines in linnen cloth.

Firste take your cloth and rubbe it well all ouer with baye salte, then take an Orange and cutte it in two, and wring the iuyce thereon, and laye the sayde Orange vp­on the spottes also: and so lette it rest an hower or two, [Page 9]then lay them in a bucke and wash them, and they wil be fayre and cleane. Or else ye may lay thereon the iuice of sorrell and salte, and so put them into the buck as is afore sayd.

¶ A way to keepe silke from stayning in the washing.

Take fayre water and seeth it, and being all seething hote, put therevnto of sope and let it so melt therein, then take it from the fyre, and let it coole til it be almost colde, and then at your pleasure yee may washe therewith your clothes, and it will scoure well, and not stayne your silke, and after ye haue washt them, doe not let them lye weat long together, but lay drye clothes betweene, or else they he in daunger to stayne: and this way you may saue both Sylke and Golde withoute chaunging of theyr co­lour.

¶ Another verye good way to keepe Golde from stayning.

Firste take your Golde and annoynte it all ouer with good Honye, then sette it in the Sunne, and lette it reste the space of halfe an houre, and nowe and then lette it bee turnde in the Sunne. Then after take and washe it in the foresayde sopie water, and this way it shall neuer chaunge nor stayne, but keepe colour long.

¶ Howe to bucke linnen clothes, and to scoure oute all spottes of greace.

Firste yee shall laye all your foule clothes to soke [Page 10]in colde water, then driue them as yee doe a bucke of clothes, and when they are well driuen: then shall yee take them all forth of the bucking tubbe, then laye them agayne abroade in the sayd tubbe, without any lye, and e­uer as ye lay them betwixt euery cloth: scrape of chalke thinne all ouer, thus when ye haue all layde them: then put of your lye vnto them, and so chaunge your lye twise or thrise after, then take and wash them forth, and they will be fayre and cleane without greace and very white withall.

¶ A good way to keepe linnen fayre 20 yeares without re­mouing, and will not waxe moulye nor rotte.

Fyrst take your linnen in marche (so much as you in­tend to keepe vnremoued) and washe them, and then drye them fayre agayne. So laye them vp in your cheastes vntill May next following: then shall ye take them oute and wash them agayne, when ye haue so washte them, looke that ye doe then drye them thorowly and well, and then folde them fayre vp, and lay them in your chestes or presse, and yee shall not neede for to remooue them in twentye yeares after, yet they shall continue drye and well.

How to sponge woollen clothes.

Take a quart of fayre water, and let it be heat luke warme on the fyre, then take a quantitie of walkers clay and al to crush it therin, then let it stand vntil it be cleare, then poure that water into another potte, and set it on the fyre agayne, till it begin to seethe: then take of Venice sope, or other good sope, and put thereof into the sayd wa­ter, in stirring it well all about, then take it of the fyre, [Page 11]and all hote, sponge or occupye therewith at your plea­sure, in making it alwayes warme, euer when yee will occupye thereof.

How to make crane colour Fustian to be as fayre can­uas as at the first.

First for the proofe thereof, take a peece of crane co­lour Fustian, and take also as much of the iuyce of Oren­ges, or Limons as will weat the sayd peece thorowe, then let it rest and drie in, and the sayd Fustian wil be as faire canuas as it was before it was coloured, thus if yee can get so much iuyce of Oranges or Limons for to serue your purpose, yee maye returne the colour agayne, what quantitie yee shall thinke good, for this hath bene well proued.

Thinges to keepe moughths from clothes, very good in sommer and other times.

The flying moughths will bee in the beginning of Iune, and continue till August, but they are chieflye from mid Iuly to mid August. The running moughth he will continue in your cheasts all the yeare long, winter and sommer, whiche are greate spoylers of geare and other thinges. For the flying moughth. Take the powder made of drye Orange Pilles, and the powder of Elecompane rootes mixt together, and so cast it among your cloths, al­so perfume in a chafingdish of coles your clothes there­with. Thus you may vse quarterly, and it will saue thē. Or ye may take the powder of Arras, with the powder of Ginoper, also the powder of sitrinum, cast among clothes saues them from moughths. Wormewood or Lauendar small preuayleth. Some vseth oyle of spyke to annoynte their cheasts, and hang it in bladders therein. Some laies [Page 12]the hearbe called Flewort, in Latin pulicaris, which if ye lay it in your chāber, no flea wil breede, some takes brim­stone, & perfumes therewith, but for the running mougth I know nothing but strong perfuming, and remoouing your geare.

A way for to take out spottes of wollen clothes.

Take and seeth of common ashes in fayre water, and the pouder of Allum together, and then take of the sayde ashes and lay thereof on the spots and so rubbe it in, then let it drye, and when it is thorowly dryde, then take a sponge and sponge it away, as it is declared of the other afore.

¶ A good way to helpe all staynes in thinne silkes and woollen clothe.

Take of good strong vineger, and make it luke warme, then dip a black cloth therein, and then rubbe therewith your stainie spots al ouer: so done, thē take away so much of the sayd fylth as ye can with a spoone, as for the reste, ye must haue all ready a tailors yron hote, and lay a peece of blacke cloth on the spottes betwixte the yron and the cloth, and so drie out all the rest of the sayd filth with the hote yron, and then yee shall see it will doe well and bee fayre.

A pleasaunt water to preserue linnen, or any other thing, yielding a pleasaunt sauour a long time after.

Take 2 pound of spike flowers, as much of rose leaues, one pound of cost mary, with halfe a pound of marioram, [Page 13]as much of Balnea, two great handfull of Organy or pe­niryall, foure ounces of mace, a quarter of a pound of Ar­ras poulder, let all these well seke together in red wyne, then put it all into a pot close stopte that the ayre doe not passe. Let it stande so the space of foure and twentie houres, then let it bee put into a distillitorie, and see that it bee well stopte, (rounde aboute) with flowre, egges, and water, mixte well together, and see that no ayre do come nor go oute, but at the spoute onely. Vp­on the ende thereof ye shall hang a fine linnen cloth with a grayne of muske or Ambergreace, within it, vppon the which ye shall alwayes let the spoute droppe on, and yee shall see it will be a pure water for that purpose, ye shall also take to the distilling of the foresayd thinges, halfe a pounde of baye leaues, so shall this water be good for the purpose as is afore mentioned.

A good way to washe a shirte, and saue the Golde or Silke thereon, from staining.

Take a newe shirte fyrste of all afore it be euer weat, and lay the coller and ruffes or silke in pisse somewhat warme halfe an houre space, then take it forth, and then wash him in hote schalding licar, or seeth him, and it shall neuer stayne the silke. If ye haue not pisse, yee maye take groundes of strong beare or ale, and let the silke lye ther­in, the night before ye doe wash it. And this hath bene oft proued very true. But alwayes ye must foresee, that ye hang not your clothes in the hote sunne, after they bee washte, but laye another cloth thereon betwixte the Sunne and it, or else the Sunne wyll chaunge both Golde, Siluer and Silke. Therefore it is better [Page 14]to hang them in some place of shade after their washing, if ye can. Also to sope your water to much, or your clothes is an occasion to staine both golde and silkes. A very good way is: first to melt your sope in the lycour, and then let it coole, and so to wash your clothes therein.

Agaynst clothes staynde with wine or vineger.

Take of warme Cow milke and wash your cloth ther­in, or wash it in whay and salt, other else as soone as your clothes are so staynde by mischaunce of wine or other thinges, doe cast of salte thereon incontinent, so then it will preserue it from stayning, whether it bee wollen or linnen.

A very good way to take forth waxe or rosin dropte on silke, wollen or linnen.

Whereas ye shal haue any such occasion to take forth waxe or Rosine dropt on any silkes, or other clothes. First ye shall make a pressing yron hote, or some syluer spoone, with a cole of fyre therein, take eyther of them when they he hote, and first whereas any Rosin or waxe is dropt, yee shall first rubbe on the sayd droppes of waxe or rosin al o­uer: with the end of a tallow candle, thē take eyther your yron or spoone aforesayd, and holde it thereon, laying a peece of broune paper betwixte your yron and your wax, then after yee haue a little so touched it with the heate, (the waxe and tallow will mingle together, and soke in­to the broune paper) then take it off, and annoynt it with the sayd tallow agayne, and then holde your hote yron, or spoone, as before, and thus ye must doe, as aften as ye shal see cause, vntill it be all cleane forth. If the waxe be dropt thorow on both sides, vse the one side like the other, and so [Page 15]ye shall get it cleane: and looke euer that ye shifte youre browne paper to a cleaner place, from the place it was before touched with waxe, and this order keeping, it shall be al wel and cleane. Often proued.

A sope to take out all spottes in woollen cloth.

Take of Venice sope a quarter of a pound, the yolkes of three egges, of salt finely beaten halfe a spoonefull, of the iuyce of Betes, halfe a spoonefull, or as much as will make it thicke like a paste, then make them into pretye balles, and let them drye out of the heate of the sunne, in some shadow place, and whensoeuer ye will occupy there­of, first wet your spots thorowe with fayre cleare water, and then take your ball and rubbe it thereon, and wash it then cleane forth as is afore mentioned of the other, thus doe, and yee shall see that they shall be cleane forth, as before.

Another for the same.

Fyrste ye shall take of white sope halfe a pounde, and shread it very small, then take of the gall of an Oxe, or of a hee Goate, with some Allum, of eyther of them an oūce, take the yolkes of two egges, with a quantitie of fine sif­ted ashes, put them altogether in a morter, and beat them, and when they be well mixt, make them into balles, and whensoeuer ye shall neede thereof, take of fayre warme water, and rubbe the place all ouer therewith, and then strike with your ball thereon, and then shall ye rubbe cloth vpon cloth, and washe it then foorth, as aforesayde, and it will be cleane.

Another way good to helpe spottes or staynes.

Ye shall first take halfe a gall of an Oxe, the older the better, of feny greke made in fyne poulder halfe a pounde, a quarter of a pounde of white sope, a gallon of strong common lye, mixe altogether therein, and set them on the fyre, and seeth them softly till they be halfe wasted, and whensoeuer ye will occupye thereof, heate it warme, and wash your spottes therwith, in mixing it often with faire colde water, and it shall doe well.

How to take out spots of white silkes, or other coloures.

Take of the best and strongest Aquavite, three pintes, with the which you shall wete your spottes, & take a new layde egge and beate it, and rub thereon your said spots, and so set in the sonne and let it drye in: this done, washe it then with a fresh and cleare water, and then wring or presse the sayd water forth, or presse it betwixt your hāds, and so they shall be cleane, as for cloth in grayne, ye maye wash the spots well with Allum water, then rubbe cloth vnto cloth, and so wash it forth with cleare water agayn, and it will be well. If it be not at the first all cleane oute: doe so likewise agayne, so long as ye shal see cause of any spots remayne, and so they shal be well.

A proued way how to take out oylie spottes out of cloth.

Take of the oyle of Tartar, so much as wil couer your other staynes, and put it thereon, and straighte way take it off agayne, and washe it then well with fayre warme [Page 17]water. Then take cold water also and wash it iii or foure times ouer, after that, in chaunging it still with new wa­ter, this done, you shal see it will be as fayre as the rest, and as it was before.

Another way to take out all waxe, Rosin or pitche, on Silkes or other clothes.

First take of tallow or other greace (be it salt or fresh) and melte it, and being seething hote, put thereof on your sayd spottes of waxe, Rosine, or Pitche, then take of hote licor, and hold your sayd spottes therein, & then rub cloth vpon cloth, betwixt your hāds. So done, then wring forth the sayd greazie water, and if ye then see it will not be al cleane forth, serue it so agayne, annoynting your sayde spottes with tallowe or greace, and then doe cleanse foorth the greasye water as afore is mentioned. For this waye hath bene well and often proued, and doeth helpe.

¶ To take foorth gteace out of Silke, Veluet, Mocca­do or others.

Take and heate water and put a handful of cleane fea­thers therin, & then let it coole til ye may suffer your hād therin, & lay your silke abroad, and take your feathers and rub al ouer the spot, then rub therouer with Castile sope, and then with your feathers again al vp & down, weting them twise or thrise, and so rub it vp & down, thē wring it a little & dry it in the sunne or wind: but if it be Veluet, after ye haue so rubde it: the veluet wil lye, then must ye take a cloth of woollen, & heat it, thē annoynt it light ouer with butter, & chafe your cloth together, to rub in y^e but­ter, thē heat it a little, & rub your veluet vp & down ther­with, & it wil then rise again, and be as fayre as before.

To take out spottes of cloth.

They take the straight bones in sheepes feete that are sodde, and drye them and make them into poulder, with the which you shall lay on the spotted cloth, layde in the Sunne, and rubbe this poulder thereon till it goe all foorth.

To dye wooll red.

Ye shall put too foure pounde of woollen yearne, tenne ounces of Allum, and seeth it with branne water so much as ye shall thinke good, then take your yearne oute, and put that water out of that Kettle, and put therein agayne three partes of fresh branne water, and one parte of fayre cleare water, then warme it a little on the fyre, then put therein two pound of grening weede, and let it so warme a while, then put therein your wooll, and styr it wel with a sticke the space of three howers, but let it not seeth in a­ny wise, so done, then take out your wooll agayne, and put it agayne into your Kettle, and put thereto half a glasse­full of vnsleakte lime, with as much of common ashes, and thereto put your wooll agayne, and styrre it with a staffe sixe or seuen Paternoster whiles, than take foorth youre wooll, and ye shall haue a fayre colour. But if yee will haue it yet a more sanguine coloure, then must you putte into your Kettle halfe a little glasse full of more lime, and a little glasse full of common ashes, and thereto put your wooll agayne, and stirre it well still foure or fyue Pater­noster whyles, then take foorth your wooll and wash it, and so ye shall haue a very fayre colour.

Another way to make wooll a fayre red.

When as your wooll is made red after the first maner then shall ye cast away that licour that is in the Kettle, and put into it fayre water, and put thereto the cruse full of fayre made lye of common ashes, and therein put also an ounce of Allum, then as soone as it beginneth to seeth, put therein your wooll, and styrre it well therein foure or fiue paternoster whiles, then take it foorth and washe it, and so ye shall haue your wooll a fayre colour. This ma­ner of dying is after the order of Dorneke in Flaun­ders.

To dye a fayre yealowe.

If ye will dye yealow with wood, take off the wood leaues, and cut off the rootes, then cut them in peeces, and lay them to soke in lye of commō ashes three houres, then seeth it a quarter of an hower, till ye thinke it be meetely well sodde. Then put therein two quartes of water, and as much stale Vrine of sixe dayes olde at the least, so let them seeth together a little, then cleanse it thorow a siue, and then put vnto the same agayne, of lye and Vrine as aforesayd. Then strayne it thorow a fayre cloth and seeth it, and to two pounde of wood take two pounde of Verde­greace, with the lye that ye haue sod, your woad and all putting them in your sayd colour, which must be medled and well stirred all together. Then shall ye boyle it all a little, and it shall be well.

Another colour to dye a yealow with wood.

Take and set a pot with water on the fire, and make it warme, then take ashes made of Oken woade, and cast thereof into the pot with water, and being warme take it from the fyre, and fiyre it well. Then couer it close til the [Page 20]next daye. Then poore the clearest lye thereof thorowe a cloth softly into another vessel or pan, then take of good wood, and breake the rootes off, and then cut them small, then wash & rince them in cold water, & then put thē into the lie, and there let them soke a night, then take & seethe it, til the halfe be consumed, and when it is well sod, then all hote, clense it thorow a fayre cloth, then must yee haue of verdegreace wel & finely beaten into pouder, and blend therof with a spoone amongst your other stuffe, this must be done incontinent therevpon, and also your lye thervn­to must be very strong made.

How to dye linnen or thread red.

As when ye wil dye anye Linnen or threade red, yee shal take one pound of samfleure, and let it soke halfe a day and a nighte in water milke warme, then put it into a thicke bagge or sacke, and therein washe and rynce it in the riuer till the bagge bee therewith red, then wring the water well foorth, and so take oute your Sam­floure, and spread it vppon a fayre boorde or Table and make (as it were) a little thinne bedde thereof, then strewe thereon of white ashes, in making beddes of youre Samfleure, and when ye haue strewde them with ashes, ye shal take to one pounde of Samfleure, a guarter of a poūd of ashes, which ashes must be burnt and made of the lyes of white Wine, and it must be well chafte betwixte your handes, the one against the other, then make thereof a small heape, and so let it rest the space of fyue houres. Then shall ye rubbe it agayne till it waxe warme, then haue readye a fayre basen, and sette it vnder your stuffe, that it may runne therein, and also wring out the iuyce thereof into the sayd Bason. Then cast therein a pynte of wine vyneger that is very good, then yee maye putte therein a pounde of yearne, and it shall doe well. But [Page 21]to dye your Linnen cloth, ye shall put it in before youre yearne or Fustian. Then lay it therein a day and a night, then take forth your linnen or yearne, and then put there­in a gallon of ashes of the Ashe tree, and therevnto youre linnen, yearne, or fustian, and so let it lye therein halfe an houre, then take it oute and wring it as well as you can, then by and by hang it in the sunne, then take that water that ye soked first your Samfleure in, and strayne it (as aforesayde) into the bason vnto the other colour, then put therein a glassefull of Vineger, and then you maye putte therein your yearne, fustion, or linnen cloth, and doe there­vnto as is aforesayd.

Another way to dye Linnen in a fayre rose redde colour.

To dye a fayre redde rose colour of Linnen, yee shall take to euery iiii. yardes and a halfe of Linnen, halfe a li. of good gall nots, and seeth them in fayre water al whole, the space of ii houres, then take it from the fyre, & poure that water into another vessell or fatte, then put your lin­nen into the sayd water, and let it soke therein the space of foure houres, then take it forth and wring the lycoure wel forth. Then take fayre water in a kettle, and set it on the fyre, and put therein a quarter of a pounde of Allum, and when it is readye to seeth, take it from the fyre, and put youre cloth therein as soone as yee haue wrong and straynde oute your gals aforesayde, but lette it drye a night before firste, and then turne it well therein the space of a quarter of an houre. So take it forth and wring it well, & then seeth two ounces of Brasill in fayre water, the space of two houres, then take that frō the fire, and hang another kettle ouer the fire, and putte therein gruys water, so warme it a little, and cast therein two li. of grening wede, then put your linnen cloth therein, and [Page 22]looke that no Allum haue bene in that water. Then let it lye therin halfe an houre, and styrre it wel with a staffe and then take out thereof the sayd linnen, ye may then cast away the same liquor, and wash your kettle cleane, and put therein of the clearest brasill water and let it wel co­lour therein. Then take your Linnen and wash it wel in fayre water, then take of fayre water in a panne, with a little Allum and so seeth them both together: and ther­in seeth your Linnen cloth fiue or sixe paternoster whiles. Then take out the sayd cloth and wring it wel, and after that put the sayd cloth into the kettle of brasill water, and therein ye shal turne and wind it wel, the space of a quar­ter of an houre, then take it forth and wring it a little, and likewise you shall doe with the dying of the Fustian, but vnto your Fustian you must haue two partes more of Verdigreace and Allum, and that your Fustian must lye therein half a day and a night, then wring it forth, and let it drye, then after yee maye rayse his cotton with cardes meete for that purpose, if yee wil haue your Linnen more fayrer, cast in the Kettle with your sayd brasill, some lye made of white Lime, then put your cloth therein, then turne and wind it therein the space of foure pater nosters, and then take it forth thereof and wring it well, and so hang it vp to drye.

How to make your branne water, wherewithall you shall vse to dye red.

Ye shal take a hat full of wheate branne, and take so much water as wil go into the smal kettles, so let it haue a welling or two on the fire. Then poure it into a fatte. then take two other kettle fuls of water and warme it, and put it therein also, but first stirre it wel, and so couer it wel. The firste day you must styre it often, and then it will be the better, then shall ye let it stande foure or fyue [Page 23]dayes till it waxe the riper, and which will be the better for your purpose, and then ye may occupye as you shal see cause.

For an yron moll in Linnen.

To take forth any yron moll in linnen cloth, take a chafing dish with coles, then couer the coles with a pew­ter dishe so let it be hote. Then lay your linnen thereon where the moll is, and with a Limon, or an Oringe, but the Limon is better, to rubbe your moll therewith, and still as it dryeth in, lay the iuyce thereon, and stil rubbe it so, till it be all cleane, and this way will haue it all out. Oft prooued.

To dye silke quoyues in a redde.

Ye shall first lay your silke in Allum water, and let it seeth therein, and with branne water also halfe an houre long both together, then take a little grening weede, and the like of branne water, and let it be made hote, and put the silke therein, but let it not seeth, but take it oute and rince it in lye, and then in water, and then it wil be fayre and well.

To dye silke in a sanguine colour.

Ye shall dye silke in a sanguine, as ye must in al sortes take Allum as ye doe grening weede, then must yee take a little fayre water, with a little brasill, and seeth them together. Then take part thereof, and seeth the silke ther­in, and as that is takē out, so take an other, and then the thyrd tyme, then put it in lye, and so clense it, as is afore­sayde.

To dye Silke blue.

If ye will dye blue silke, that silke must then be white, which ye must first soke in water, and then wring it forth then ye shall put it in your blue dye, and there ye maye make it with a light colour or darke as ye please.

A fayre greene to dye.

If ye will haue a fayre greene, take a little branne wa­ter, and a little allum, and seeth them together, and when the Allum is molton, put your silke therein, and lette it seeth the fourth part of an houre. Then take again a little branne water, and a little wood, and put it therein also, till that it waxe a fayre darke yealow. If ye will haue it more yealower, then put it in the blue dye, wherein yee may make it light or darke as ye please.

To dye black silke.

Take to one pound of silk, xii. gall nots, and beat them to pouder, then seeth the silke with the gals in fayre wa­ter, a good halfe houre long, then take of the blacke dye, and therein seeth it another half houre, then take it forth and let it be colde, and then put it agayne into the blacke dye, and let it there seeth another halfe houre, if then it be not fayre: let it seeth therein so long till it waxe a fayre black, then sponge it in the water, and so let it drye.

A purple silke to dye.

When ye wil die a purple silke, ye shal take to one poūd of silke, 4 ounces of Allum, and seeth the Allum in com­mon water, & lay the silke therein, and let it so lye foure [Page 25]houres. Then take to euery pound of silke, two pound of purple colour, & seeth it together as hereafter is written, which is, ye shal take halfe pisse, and half water togither, & seeth it therein till it waxe cleare & fayre, and thē spōge it in fayre water. Also to eche pound of silke it behooueth to haue foure ounces of Allum. Also for red silke to dye with crap dye, so calde in dutche, which ye shall dye with foure pound of Allum, and also ye shall dye sanguine silk with allum, and also yelow ye shall dye with allum.

To make a good black dye.

Take a pounde of galles, and fourth parte of coperas, and seeth these together, then put the cloth therein, and styrre it wel about, then hang it to drie, then prepare your dye as thus, take a good great fat, and put therin a fourth part of Rye meale, and halfe so muche of swarfe (of the grindstone, and so much of elder barke, and in like of olde yron, and the scales of yron, as it comes of by the hammer beating, styrre this all well togither, and so let it stande three dayes or euer ye put your cloth therein, and at eche tyme let your linnen drye afore ye put it therein.

To dye a greene.

Take a light blue colour and put it into Allum water two houres long, then hang it to the time, there as the wynde may drye it, and then put it into the foresayd wood and so vse it as it is afore declared.

To dye a carnasion.

Take purper that is drye, and say it to soke a night in pisse, then take your cloth that is allomde, and drye & put [Page 26]it therein, but yee shall seeth the purper twise in fayre water, then set another fatte by the fyre, and let it seeth, and therein yee shall firste put your cloth, and then all weate, put it in to your dye, till it be fayre ynough.

To make a redde carnation.

To make a redd carnation dye, ye must dye your white cloth, linnen or woollen, or silke yearne, to doe it well, yee shall gall and Allome it well. Ye must take an hearbe cal­led Foli in dutche, that shall ye finde by ditches & banks, take a pound thereof that is drie, this is in tuftes, and it is hote like wee ashes, and carnation in sight, therewith men doe make a red carnation woollen cloth, with the greene or white, or of silke, and if any carnation haue lost his co­lour, or if anye carnation haue lost his dye, with that ye shall dye it agayne, that it shall not leese his colour, and to foure elles of cloath, ye shall take a pound gruis, or of that hearbe afore named, whiche ye shall beate to pouder, Then shall yee take lye made of Oke ashes, mixe a parte therewith, and another part of cleare pisse cleare and old, of eche like muche. If ye will haue a light dye, take pisse newe made, and of the foresayde lye, in like much & there­with ye shall dye, with the foresaid poulder put therein, & as it is sod, put in that which ye woulde dye, and seethe it two houres long, and then let it drye.

To dye Linnen.

Ye shall firste take to one stone of flockes fyue pound of sope ashes (which are calde in Dutche Wee Asseen) of the best, with sixteene gallons of water, seeth it together an houre long, and then let it cleare one nighte, then gentlye poure of the vppermost thereof, and seeth your flockes therein one houre long, and then prooue if your flockes [Page 27]or silke be ynough sod, also take a little of your Flockes in your hande, and thrust it hard to a redde cloth, also put it in your mouth, and if it go by and by aparte like a rype apple, then it is ynough sod. Thē spōge it in fayre water, and then putte it in branne water, according to the quan­titie of the woollen cloth, and seeth your Flocks therein, then take it out thereof, and take brasill and put it in wa­ter according to the quantitye of the linnen, that is to ech elle of cloth foure ounces of Brasill, and as the brasil hath sod a while, then strayne the brasil thorow a cloth, and put it agayne into your Kettle, and your Flocks also, and let them seeth, then take a Ladle full of lye and put it therin, thus shall ye make it as hye as you will, and if yee will haue it more higher, then put more lye therein, also for three pounde of Flockes, take foure ounces of Allum, and seeth them together, and if yee will seeth dyde Flockes, take lye of Sope ashes, as before it is written, which yee shall seeth with Sope ashes, then scoure it, and lette it drye.

To dye cloth with facet Wood.

As ye will dye cloth with faucet Wood, ye must make your lye with sope ashes of Denmarke, and rayne water, which ye shall let stand three houres long, then seeth it, but the Woad must be first sod in the lye, and when it is sodde, let it bee cooled with other colder and sharper lye, with the last lye ye shall put too one pounde of yearne, a great peece of Allum, and put it therein. Then shal ye put that dye into a fayre Kettle or fatte, then take two ounces of spanishe greene, which ye shal soke therein two or three houres long, then tosse and push it vp and downe twise or thrise, and wring it, and with colder lye put therein, and tesse it with a dishe too and froe. Also another manner [Page 28]is, take a dishe full of vnflect lyme, and quenche it with water, then take too dishe full of wood ashes, and mixe it with the chalke all together well, and there of yee shall make a good strong lye, and let it three or foure times run thorow the tubbe, then take the faucet woad, and hew or cut it in small peeces, & cast it into the lye, and let it seeth therein halfe an houre long. Then put therein sope ashes, and let it seeth another good halfe hower, take it then off, & put thereto spanish greene, & let it boile twise, or thrise, and then sponge it, also with three pound of faucet woad, it behoueth to haue two ounces of spanish green, & as the cloth haue bene in the first licor, if then it be too broune or too yealow, then put thereto of wyne ashes, & a little allū.

To dye woollen cloth sanguine.

To dye woollen cloth fayre, ye shall first seethe good rye meale in fayre water, and then put it in a fayre tubbe or pan. Then cast fayre water thereon, and let it so stande three dayes to cleare, then take of that water, & put there­in two ounces of allum, to an elle of cloth, and let it seethe two houres long, then let it hang & coole without wrin­ging. Then put that water forth of the vessell with the meale, and put therein a pound of the best grening wede, and heate that also, but let it not seeth, thē put your cloth therein, & tosse it wel with your hands without seething, and take it forth and put it in a panne with fayre lye, and let it lye therein, and so let it drye, and it will be a red. If yee will make fayrer, you must haue of brasill, take an ounce of Allum and allum it as aforesaide in another wa­ter, then seeth two ounces of allum with that brasill, in branne water made, and as the brasill haue sod a while therein, so put therein of cold water, then take so muche thereof out as will weat your cloth in, and styrre it well therein, then shall ye take of other dye, vntil the time that [Page 29]it hath sufficient ynough, if yee will haue the same a san­guine, lay it in fayre lye of Sope ashes, and there it will haue a fayre sanguine dye.

To dye woollen yearne, or cloth.

To make this dye, put too foure pounde of woollen yarne, or cloth, two pounde of woad. Put this woad in a Kettle, and cast therein of fayre water, then cast agayne halfe a tin dishe full of ashes out of the fyre, and as soone as it seethes, put your woollen yarne therein, then let it seeth eyght or nyne pater noster whiles long, then putte your yarne forth, and put a little water in, out of the ket­tle, and then a few ashes out of the harth, and put your woollen yarne agayne therein: and so let it seeth a good while, if it be a broune blue, it shall be a darke greene, and if it be white woollen yearne, so it shal be a yealow colour

Agayne to dye woollen yearne.

As ye will dye woollen yarne that is greene, youre yearne ye shall first seeth in branne water, whiche is to vnderstand, to foure pound of yarne, ten ounces of Allum, and let it seeth two houres, then wring that out, and put it in the dye thus made. To foure pound of wooll yearne take two pound of woad, and seeth the woad well with hearth ashes, in lye made a day before, so let it seethe the fourth part of an houre, then put the cleare into a cleane fatte or vessell, then take the fourth parte of an ounce of spanish greene, calde Verdigreace, poulder it well & cast it therein, and stirre it with a stick or staffe, then put in your yearne, so turne and tosse it therein the fourthe parte of an hower, and then let it drye. If it bee not fayre ynough, then put it in agayne, and doe as before, [Page 30]also as ye would dye blue woollen yearne, yet shall put it first in warme water, then wring it forth and dye it blue, as it is aforesayd.

To dye with brasill as red as a rose.

Take sixe elles of linnen, and thereto halfe a pounde of beaten galles, of the best: then put it in fayre water, and let it seeth about two houres, but the galles shoulde ra­ther be all whole, and when they are sodde, set it from the fyre, and put it gently in another Kettle or fatte, and then put your linnen therein, as hote as you maye handle it, and styrre it therein foure houres long, that done, then wring it well forth, and hang it to drye. Then take foure ounces of Allum, and seeth it with water, and when it is sod, take it from the fyre, and put your galled cloth there­in, as hote as ye may suffer it, the space of a quarter of an houre, then take your branne water and put thereof in a Kettle, and as it is warme, put therein two pound of gre­ning weede, let it the first time soke well therein, and let it be well and hote, but not seeth, and then put your cloth therein, and stirre and handle it well at the first with your handes, nye halfe an houre with a staffe tost well al about, and wel handled in the dye, and then ye shall take youre cloth and sponge it in water and washe it cleane. Then take a little allum, and seeth it with water, then shall yee haue two ounces of brasill sodde in light water, and putte your cloth therein fiue paternosters long. Then shall yee haue two ounces of brasill sodde in light water, and putte your cloth therein, then handle and styrre it well therein and stirre it well about the space of a quarter of an houre and wring it not to sore, then drie it. Then if it be not dry ynough, then weate it as before sayde.

Howe to make a greene water.

Take ny halfe an ounce of Verdigreace, and crushe it well in a woodden dishe, then put thereto the yolke of an egge and too blades of saffron, then take of the leaues of spurge, halfe a handfull, and beate them in a morter, and thereto cast a good glassefull of Vineger, and strayne it thorow a cloth. Then take of this stuffe, and put thereof in a dishe with the Verdigreace, and stirre it well togeather and make it thinne, that it may be the better to dye, or to worke with a pensill, or as ye shall seeme best.

To dye fayre Linnen with brasill.

Ye shall take fayre water, and heate it ouer the fyre, then shall ye haue the poulder of galles, and put thereof into the Kettle ouer the fyre, and so let it seeth a quarter of an hower: then take it from the fyre, and take another vessell and put therein so much colde water, as of the o­ther in the Kettle, and put that hote in the Kettle there­vnto. Then put your cloth therein, and stirre it well vp and downe therein, and as ye haue done so a while, then let it lye therein foure houres long in that gall water, then take your Kettle agayne with other fayre water, and set it ouer the fyre and make it hote, then put of Allū therein to the kettle ouer the fyre, and as that water is hote, and the Allum melted, yee must then haue another vessell or fatte with colde water, as muche as of the other hote water, and put the Allum water therein, then putte your cloth therein, and styrre it as aforesayde, and so let it then lye therein foure houres long, so done then yee shall wring it out and hang it to drye, or to drye in the ayre, but let it not bee too drye. Then shall ye take youre brasill made in poulder, and put it in the panne, and so let [Page 32]it seeth therein, the quarter of an houre, and before that brasill do seeth, ye shal take wheat flower, & put therein, & mixe it altogether well in a dish, and put it into the Ket­tle before it do seeth: thus done, let it seeth, and as it hath sod, then take forth so much of the brasil, as ye may put in your cloth, and stirre it well about, as is afore declared, thus done, let your cloth rest therein a good while, then wring it forth, & hang it to dry, & as it is dry, ye shall take that lycor that it hath layn in, and put that away, thē take agayn so much brasill as before, & put that cloth therin a­gayne, and then hang it to dry, and as it is dry, then put it in another lycor, & hang it agayn to dry, & then it is ful done. And to know the quantitie of weight, which is, to e­uery elle of linnen cloth, ye shal take a loot of gall pouder so calde in dutch, and as much of allum, and to eche elle of cloth one ounce of brasill.

To make a fayre yealow.

To make a yelow, that ye may worke with oyle, or water ye shal take woad, so much as ye shall please, & let it stand to soke a night and a day in lye made with sope ashes, and when it is thus soked, then shal ye seeth it, & couer it close so long as it seeth, thus done, then set it from the fire, & put that lycor into another pan, & so strayne it thorow a clea [...] cloth, then take the pan & poure the thinnest aboue off, so long til ye see the dye vndercome with al, then take y^e fore sayd cloth, and straine it again thorow it, into another pan so long as ye think the substaunce of the woad doe tary in the cloth, til ye thinke that that water is thin ynough to strayne, and then ye may vse it.

A fayre Linnen cloth to dye blue.

For to dye a fayre blue, ye shal take a pan of fayre wa­ter, [Page 33]& hang it ouer the fire, & let it be seething hote, then must ye haue a vessell of halfe an Ame, so cald in dutch, or thereabout, & as your lycor is hote, put thereto 3 poūd of wheat bran, & 3 poūd of ashes, & a pound of grening wede, stir al this in the pan, & let it seeth iii. or iiii. paternosters lōg, thē take of floray vnder half a pound, & soke it in faire water, & let it there rest a quarter of an houre couered, thē take your clean vessel or Ame, & therin put your soked flo­ray, then take the hote lycor ouer the fire, but let it coole or ye put it into the fatte, then put it in and stirre it well, and so couer it wel and close, and let it so rest sixe houres long, then vncouer it and stirre it wel about a good while then couer it close again, and let rest other vi houres, then vncouer it & stir it as before, & so stop it agayn, then vnco­uer it within two or three houres, & looke if the die begin to come, or begin to wax green, if they doe not, let it rest longer and stop it close, if ye see it be come, put therein some of your cloth that ye would dye, and turne it well therein, then wring it out, and let it rest 2 or 3 houres: thē put in agayn your cloth, and vse it as aforesayd, & so stop it well agayn, and let it rest so, two or three houres, til ye shall see the dye begin to come, & the flower to lie aboue, & to euery going y^e ye go thereto, see if the colour be greene ynough, or waxe greene, and when ye shall see it so, ye shal scom of the flower with a dish, and then put your cloth a­gayn therein, stir it wel, and wring it forth, then stoppe it agayne wel, and thus ye must colour three or foure times a day, Then must ye take the dye in the dessell, and hang it ouer the fire agayne, and there let it be hote, and putte therein two pound and a halfe of ashes. Then put it in the Fatte, and so lette it rest, but stoppe it well and close, so let it rest a night, but stirre it once in the nighte with a staffe, and see in the morning if the dye be come, as afore­sayd, and so put in your cloth agayne, but lette it not lye therein too long, that it coole not the dye, and as yee [Page 34]haue thus dyed it foure times. Thē shal ye make it hote agayne ouer the fyre, putting therein two pound of pot a­shes, and so let rest all a might, and stirre one in the nighte as aforesayde, and stoppe it close, and when ye goe there­to, see if the dye be come, if it be come, ye may dye, as be­fore, that ye thinke good, and when your colour waxe a fayre greene, then is your dye good and rype, and the flowers will lye fayre aboue, but as it beginnes to waxe yelowe, then it is too rype. Then must yee put in more cloth.

How to dye a fayre Linnen with brasill.

Ye shall take so much linnen as ye will, and to euerye elle of linnen, take two ounces of gall nottes, or xii. nots, these nots ye shall breake in two or three peeces, then put them in a kettle with water, and let them seeth together, and as they haue sod a quarter of an houre or lesse, take it of the fyre, and take your cloth forth thereof, and let it a little soke by, but let it not drye. As ye haue thus sod it, ye shall take another Kettle with fayre water, and put it ouer the fire, and make it seething hote, Then shall ye to euery elle of cloth, take two ounces of Allum, which yee shall put in the sayde water, and as it is melted, yee shall take the foresayd cloth, and put it into the sayde kettle to the Allum, & let it seeth together, a quarter of an houre, then take forth of the kettle, and wring it a little, then hang it to drye a little, but not too muche. Then must yee haue your sod brasill as thus: yee shall take lye made of wood ashes, but see it be not too strong. And thereof so much in your panne as will make your cloth weat, then put your brasill in the panne with the lye, and so lette it seeth a quarter of an houre, then set it from the fyre, and haue ready an earthen panne, and by and by, put your ly­cor & brasiil therein, then shall ye put your foresayde cloth [Page 35]therein, styrre and turne it well therein, but see that it be not too drye of the sayd Allum that it hath bene sod with. Also to foure gallons of lye, ye shall put lesse then halfe a pound of brasill poulder small beaten.

To make a fayre brasill colour, to worke on cloth or paper.

Ye shall take a fayre potte, and put therein a pounde of chalke small broken, and put thereto a pottle of good Vi­neger, and stirre it well togither. Then let it stand a daye and a night, then poure the clearest into a fayre panne, and see that no chalke go therein, then take two partes of the sayd lye, and put it in a fayre pot, and set it ouer the fyre, and seeth it fiue pater noster long, then take it from the fyre, and put the lycor in to fayre a panne, and ye shall put thereto xiiii. ounces of allū, and stirre it wel with a staffe, then take the other part, & put it to the sayd brasill wood, the which ye haue changed, and let it there seeth, as afore sayd, and put that licor into another panne, and put there­to xiii ounces of Allum, which ye shall stirre so well as a­foresayd, and when ye haue tost it long, put it then to the other, and stirre it well, as ye will haue it drye take a pan and fill it full and set it in the winde eight dayes or more, and there let it drye, & as it is fayre, ye may worke there­with.

Blue Buckeram to dye.

Take three pound of gruis of Turwin, so calde in dutche, and a pound of Mede, a pound of Floray, and to three pound of Sope ashes, take lx. quartes of water, first ye shall put your Floray into a fayre fatte, and put there­to tenne quartes of water, and stirre it well altogither, this must be so hote that ye cannot suffer your hand there­in, [Page 36]in the other water ye shall put the gruis, with the a­shes and Mede, and that put together, and so stand, which ye shal stir xii. houres long, and waxing a blue, so ye may worke with it. If it be not blue ynough, so let it stand co­uerd, xx. houres long.

A red to dye with Crampmede.

Take a pound of crampmede, to three elles of linnen, & take a fayre pot with water, and set it by the fire till it be ready to seeth, and put therein two ounces of gals, and let them so seeth together, and then put your linnen therein, and take it sometimes out and in, and at eche time wring it well out. Then take a fayre pot with fayre water, and make it seething hote, then put therein an ounce of Allū, and so let it seeth wel, then put your cloth in as aforesaid. Then take another pot of water, and let it seeth therein til it be red, then take that cloth out, and clense it al about with a cloth. If ye will haue it more darker then must yt haue a lye of vnquenched chalke, with the lyke dye: men with woad ashes do make a red dye or colour, without vn­quēched lime, in hauing woad ashes in stede of vnquēched lime.

To dye blacke Veluet or linnen.

Take of galles and coperas, & seeth them together, and put your linnen therein, if it be gray silke, then take of el­der barks, and olde yron, and put all in a hearing barrell or vessel. Then take gruis or swarfe, this shal be a thur­den dele of the fat, the other two parts shal be fayre water so let it stand three weekes long, & so stirre it often wel a­bout, and put your gray silke therein, and as this is done, so shall ye hang it to dry, and so put it in agayn, so often til that it be black ynough. In steede of galles ye maye take harkes of Oke, and shoemakers blacke.

To make gray flore.

Take flore and lay it to soke 24 houres, then wring it out thorow a cloth, then take lye of wyne ashes, & spread it 2 houres long on a fayre table, then take the sayd lye, and put it in three vessels, and take the Flore & put it into one of the vessels, Then put it wel forth, then put that Flore in the least vessell, then so in the middest, and in the firste, but eare ye put the linnen therin, put in vineger & wring it out.

To dye silke red.

Take of good wood ashes, & make a good lye therof, & put therin of willow or facet woad, & barbary wood or yelow wood, & soke them therin an houre, then seeth a quarter of an houre, then put your cloth therein, & put in a little spa­nish greene, but that cloth ye must first allum it.

To make a black water to dye with.

A blacke water to dye all maner of silke clothes, ye shall take halfe a pound of gall nots, and put thereto somewhat lesse then a pottle of water, and an ounce of swarfe of the grindstone, and a good deale of the fylings of yron, make it seeth, and put thereto a quarter of a pound of coperas, and seeth all to the halfe, and put therein a pounde of gūme a­rabic, then seeth it till al the gumme be melted. Then set it from the fire, the older it is the better it wil be.

¶ To make a thicke water to worke on yealow silke.

Take a pottle of the best vernice ye can, & put in an ounce of brimstone in fine poulder, & half an ounce of Camphyer, [Page 38]then seeth it a while, and let it coole, then strayne it tho­row a cloth, also with this ye shal worke thinne, and this must be sod with the fourth part of gumme Arabic.

To worke on yealow silke, white, gray or a­zure colour.

Take a pottle of Conduite water, and a fourth part of Arsenicke in poulder, and two ladle full of woad, cut the woad in small peeces, and make it seeth as hering, that is softly, then set it from the fyre, and put therein so much of graynes, as ye put in porrage, and herein also ye shall put in of gumme of Arraby, so much as you shall seeme good.

To make a red water.

Take a pottle of fayre water, and a fourth parte of gumme, and halfe a pot of faucet woad (so cald in dutche) and then seeth it together till three pintes be consumed, then set it from the fyre, and herein yee shall put halfe an ounce of spanish greene, and then put in also of graynes, so much as ye doe in seasoning your pottage.

To make a red with brasill.

Take your Linnen to one pound, take a fourth part of Allum, but first seeeth allum, then laye your linnen there­in the space of two houres, then take of beaten galles, and put water thereto, then lay your linnen therein, and put in a quarter of a pounde of brasill, and an ounce of gumme of Arabie. Then let it seeth a fourth part in, and then put in your Linnen. If you will haue it a redde, then put in no galles.

To make a red water for white silke or woollen, greene, yealow, violet or azure.

Take a pottle of running water, and an ounce of bra­sill, seeth these till the halfe be consumed. Then take it from the fyre, and put in so many graynes, as ye put vnto a pot of porage, and a fourth part of gumme. But if ye wil make it a light red, put it into another fat, whereas there is a quarter of a pound of Allum made in poulder, and so let it rest all a night and it will do well.

To make a blew.

Take three partes of Sope ashes, and one parte of vn­quenched lyme, and make a lye thereof, and then lette it cleare, then strayne it thorow a thicke cloth, and yee shall take xv. quartes of the sayd lye, and put thereto a pounde of Bloemen (so calde in dutche) then styrre it all well to­gether with a staffe, and warme it ouer the fyre, so that ye may not scant suffer your hande therein, but firste your cloth must be sod in Allum, and also dryed, then put it in the warme dye, two or three tymes, then after, if yee will haue it black or light colour, so ye may vse it, but before all things your dye must be warmed, ere ye dye or colour therewith.

To make a fayre sanguine dye.

Take vpon eche elle of linnen, sixe galles beaten into poulder, and then take three gallons of water put into a tubbe, and put the poulder of the galles thereto, & sturre them well togither, then laye your linnen therein, and turne and wend it well. Then take and wring it drye out, then let it lye therein agayne two houres long, but at ech [Page 40]houre ye must wring it, as before, and lay it therein again in the tubbe, and as it hath layne two houres, & so wrong out, then take one ounce of Allum, of the best, and three gallons of water in a Kettle, and make it well and hote re­dy to seeth, till all be well molten, then set it from the fire, and put your linnen therein, & do it as ye haue done before agayne two houres long, then after that take a panne, and put therein two gallons of water, and warme that lyke the other, then take three ounces of brasil and cast it there­in, agayne let it seeth a quarter of an houre, then take a good quart of water, and cast it therein seething, and take a quart of that dye, and lay your linnen therein six or vii. pater nosters long, so that the dye be dronke all in y^e sayde cloth, then wring it forth and handle it well, then laye the cloth agayne in that dye, tosse it, and turne it and wend it well therein, and let it lye so long therin as aforesayd, and so wring it out, then take the thyrd colour and lay it ther­in, and let it lye therin a quarter of an houre, and so it wil be well.

A light red dye for skinnes.

To dye a fayre light red, take xiiii. drye skins as they come from Antwerp, and put them in the riuer, or in wa­ter two dayes, and two nights, then take them out of the sayd water, and put into a fat, a Kettle full of vnquenched lyme or chalke, and put so muche water thereto, as the felles maye well be couered therein, then sturre them wel with a staffe altogether, and put your felles therein, then turne and tosse them well, if it be in the sommer, it shall be ynough to lye therein viii. dayes, & ye must ech ii. dayes see vnto them, if it be in the winter, they must lye therein a moneth, then take your felles out, and hang them again in the foresaid riuers or water thre dayes, & three nights, then after washe them well in a tubbe with luke warme [Page 41]water, and stampe them with your feete, then after wash them agayne in the riuer water as aforesayd, and hang a Kettle ouer the fyre with fayre water, and therin put iiii. pound of Allum, and when it is molten in the water, see­thing hot, putting in so much water that it may be no ho­ter but your hād may suffer therin without scalding, then set it from the fyre and put your felles therein, and stirre them well with your hand, so let it rest a day and a night, but as ye go to bed you shall sturre them once wel, then af­ter take your felles forth, and wring the water well out, & as your felles do waxe somewhat drye, ye must weat them agayne: then take foure pottles of pisse, that is stale, hang it ouer the fyre in a pan, let it seeth well, & scum it cleane so long as any scum will rise, then put in a pot full of bea­ten lacke, and let it therein seeth a little, and put therein so much Allum as a hasel nutte, and giue it therewith a boyling, then set it from the fyre, and let it so rest till it be cold to suffer your hand therein, then put a glasse ful ther­of in your felles which be readie sowd like a sack, & holde it too aboue, & with your other hand hold vnder, and shake it vp and down as ye would bolt meale, do thus so long til the colour hath wel taken the leather, then turn your fels about, but if it be faire ynough let it so be, if it be not faire ynough, put of your sayd substaunce againe another halfe glasse therein, and stirre it about as before, and then rippe your felles, and hang them to drye in some hye lofte. And as they be drye, so take and lay them a night in a fat with water, and next day taw them on a sharpe tawing yron, vntill they be all workemanly done, then they are well.

To make leather red.

Take an oūce of Allum & melt it in a gallon of water, thē take a calues felle & spreade it on a rame, so it must be rub­bed al ouer with allum water first, then incōtinent ye shal [Page 42]strike it all ouer with brasill water, and let it so drye in, and then strike it all ouer agayne, and so let it drye in like, but the colour or dye must be made warme alwaies, when ye rub thereon. But fyrst ye must make it weat with cold water, and wring it agayne out, and then stretche it forth on a bord, and so ye may vse it.

The foresayd brasill water, ye shall make thus. Take three gallons of rayne water, and put therein foure oun­ces of brasill woad made in poulder, and halfe an ounce of Wey ashes, calde sope ashes, with a little saffron. Then seeth it so long till the third part be wasted. Then cleanse that out, and the pot with rayne water againe, and let the halfe seeth away. Then is the strength all out, and with this last water ye shall colour first, and with the first wa­ter ye shall dye or colour last.

To dye red felles.

To dye red Leather, ye shall seeth Lack in bene straw, and a cursy pisse, as aforesayd is. Then put therin so much as two great beanes, and then take an ounce of brasil wa­ter, and so let them seeth together.

To dresse Felles with golde.

To dresse Felles with golde, take broune red, & grinde it on a stone, with water mixt with chalke, and lyme wa­ter, and therewith you shall strike your felles twise ouer, then lay your siluer or golde thereon, and let it drye, then shall ye smoothe it with a tooth, and so strike it ouer, and then drye it in the sunne.

To colour greene Felles.

To colour green felles, take spanish greene, and grind [Page 43]it vpon a stone with wine Vineger, and some saffron tem­per this with gumme water and lyme, and so strike youre skinnes therewith.

To gylde on leather.

Ye shall ouerstrike your leather thrise with whites of egges, and gumme water, then lay your gold thereon, and lick it well and fayre, or the yolkes of harde rosted egges, mixt with gum water and ground, the red and the graye skinnes ye may vernish them, take a flat bason, and put fire vnder, and spred the felles thereon, and strike varnishe also ouer the skinnes, where it is coloured, but afore you strike your felles strike it warme on the Bason, and then let it drye, then smooth the colour all ouer euen, and when it is drie; then licke it, or burnish it with a tooth, and as ye will haue it fayre, so take an end of a tallowe candle, and rub it on your arme from the hand to the elbowe, then strike it all ouer with that parte of your arme, and it is done.

Agayne to colour leather red.

Take the dye for a red leather, and take an ounce of bra­sill, in a nealed pot, and seeth it till the third part be wa­sted, but first washe your leather in Allum water, or in o­ther water, but lette it not lye long therein, so lette it drye, and put it therein, and let it rest two dayes and two nightes on a tack, and then hang that leather in the ayre to drye.

If ye will haue it sanguine, take of vyne braunches a­shes, and make lye thereof, and with this lye, seeth your brasill woad, and so ye may colour red therewith.

To colour leather greene.

Take an ounce of Equisetam, in English horsetayle, it is an hearbe growing in low places or medowes, put ther to of olde standing water, with a quantitie of Allum pou­der, with a little coperose beate in poulder, so vse it.

To culler a blue leather.

First you shal take an ounce of Endix, so calde in duche, with one ounce of chalke, and a pottle of Vineger, or good sharpe lye, then put all into a bason, and there slyrre it all well together, first your felles must be made redy thereto, as afore is declared, then put your stuffe thereon, and so vse it as the other, and it wil shew a fayre blue element colour.

To make a fayre red colour.

Take your leather which is allumde before, then take of olde pisse, of such as vse to drinke much wyne, and let it stand til it stinke, then take the clearest thereof, and seeth it til the half be wasted, then take two ounce of lack, with one part of brasill, a part of Allum, & a part of Salarmonia­cum, beate them altogether, and put them into a pot, and set it ouer the fire, and stir it wel with a white stick, vntill the stick waxe red as blood, then take it off, & colour ther­with luke warme.

Another fine red colour.

Take halfe an ounce of brasill poulder, and half a pottle of old water, seeth them together, and scum it well, then take a little allū, which must be first kild in clay, first take [Page 45]it from the fyre, and then put in your said allum, so reserue it, and vse it as the other.

To make a light blue colour.

Take the flowers of the blue bottles among corne, and pick them off, then grynde them on a stone or morter, and put therevnto a little viniger, then temper it with allum as aforesayd, so shall ye haue a fayre blue colour, so may ye vse it incontinent for it will not last long but chaunge co­lour.

To make a white leather blue.

Take hengarten besien, so calde in dutche, which I take to be the low elder, calde Dane worte, seeth the sayde ber­ries in water, then with your hande styrre them well a­bout, and also breake them, so done, then seeth it agayne a while, and so let it coole, and being warme, strike all ouer your leather once or twyse, or as ofte as ye shall see cause, then take of Endir, so calde in duche, and strewe of that pouder thereon, and rub it in, and so it wil do well.

Another way for red leather.

To make your red, take a pound of Mosherumps with a little of vnquenched lyme, then put thereto a pottle of water, and let it stande a night, then take two partes of o­ther fayre water, and a thirde part of chalke water, with a quantitie of brasill, then put all the sayde stuffe into a lea­den pot, and let it seeth till the halfe be consumed, then it will be well, and ye may vse it as the other.

To make a greene colour.

Take the leaues of an hearbe calde night shade, then stampe or beate it in a morter of stone, so temper it with Allum, and so colour your skinnes therewith, also ye may take of the greene berries of the greene bery tree (which the paynters vse) stampe them and so let them rest ten or twelue dayes, then strayne them, and put Allum water thereto, and strike your skin therewith, but firste make it warme, and so vse it.

Another good greene.

Take one part of the foresayd lowe elder berryes, and seeth them in sufficient water, then put therein two oun­ces of brasill poulder, and an ounce of walkers claye, with a pottle of olde water, let al these seeth a good while toge­ther, then put in your beaten allum, but not afore, so shall it be a fayre colour as the other.

If ye will haue it a more darker colour: ye must there­with strike twise all ouer your skinnes: to haue it a ligh­ter colour, then ye shall mingle it with olde rayne water, and so vse it.

To colour blacke Leather after the order in Germanye.

To colour leather black, take a herring barrell, and lay it three fingers thicke in the bottome with elder barkes, then take the filinges of yron, and strawe it all ouer the sayde barkes, then take as much barke of elder agayne, and lay it therein, and so likewise your filings thereon as before. Doe thus, till the sayd barrell be three quarters filde, and hath taken to the quantitie of foure pottels, or [Page 47]more of the fylinges, then take so much of rayne water as will fill it vp to couer it all ouer, so let it stand a month or that ye doe colour therewith, and euer as it waxeth emp­tye, fill it vp agayne with filinges, and rayne water as be­fore, in letting it stande (so filde) a month after, and al­wayes let the last couer be the fillings aboue, and when ye list to colour therewith, vnto three pottles of colour, ye must haue iiii. ounces of beaten galles, and two oun­ces of coperas water, then let it seeth together before yee dye, that ye may coulour the better therewith: thus yée may vse it at your pleasure.

To colour a white leather.

First take your skinnes and hang them in lyme water, till they waxe supple, or in chalke water, and when they be well soked, if ye will make hast of them, first take of the heere, and clense it out of the sayde water, so that all the substaunce aforesayd be taken forth of the felles, and be­ing clensed then a day or more, then wring the sayde wa­ter all cleane forth, and let them drye, and to vi. felles put not aboue two ounces of Allum, and lette your felles lye therein a nighte and a daye, then wring them and drawe them well vntill they be all cleane, and then vse them.

Another fayre red colour.

Take a felle or felles, and weate them in Allum water and salt mingled together, and to iiii. ounces of salt, take viii. ounce of Allum to the weating of your sayde felles, and also two ounces of lyme, then seeth all in two pottles of rayne water, then strayne it thorow a linnen cloth, and wash therewith what fell ye will, then spreade it abroade on the earth, and take a woollen cloth, and with the same [Page 48]lycor, strike the sayd felles all ouer, and so let them drye. Then they will be ready for to receyue your colour, then after that take at the least foure ounces of the lycor of the last end of a brewing, with two ounces of brasill poulder, then seeth all these in two pottles of the lye of sope ashes, with one ounce of Allum, and when it is well sod, take it of the fyre, and all to strike your felles therewith, and thē let it drye, and so they shall be ready and soft withall, and here yee muste vnderstande with what colours yee shall strike your felles withall, which is, with the red, and with blue, and also greene, for these shall chieflye abide and not go off, also to weat your felles, where linnen yearne hath bene soked in, it will be likewise very good.

To colour a black spanish leather.

Take of Pomplemelc, so calde in dutche, and make it warme, then washe your felles therewith till the whyte come no more off, neyther forth thereof, and to a small fell ye shall take foure ounces of Venis tot appelen, so calde in dutche, then beate it a little into peeces, and cast of fayre water thereon, and seeth it till it waxe soft, so that ye may wring it betwixt your hands, then strayne out the water thereof, if it be too hote, take a broade earthen panne, and put the sayd licor therein, then spread your skinne abrode and dip your felle therein till it be well weat, doe it so iii. or iiii. times, then take good shoemakers colour, or black, so much as ye shal think good, the which ye shal make the fell thorow moyst withal, & put thereto a little vitrial co­poras, then wring it wel forth, & lay it together, and let it dry softly, then take it or it be thorow drye, and wring it between your hands, for so it will be soft, do so oftē times and when it is drye, take of Goose greace, or hogs greace in a woollen cloth, and rub it therewith too and fro a good space before a fyre, or by a hote ouen, so rub and chafe it [Page 49]well in with your hands, that the greace be not seene, Of both, Goose grease is the better, then Linseede oyle, or shoemakers trayne.

Another way for black leather.

To make a black leather, be it sheepe or other. First take your leather and stretche it, then sprinckle it well oute of your mouth with water, then take your tawing stocke, & taw it well therewith, also rub and chafe it together with your hands as shomakers do, & draw it well with your paring yron, thē put it on your dressing bord, & strike it with a woollen cloth til it be al euen, & then ye may colour it, & when it is well coloured, then wring the sayd colour oute of your skinnes, so put it in agayne into the sayde colour, & so do as ye did before, at the first time it must bee alwaye twise coloured, then hang it in the sunne and let it drye, then ye shal take it agayne, not being thorow drye, rubbe it, and so colour it agayne, as before. If yee haue it verye soft: rubbe and chafe it betwixt your handes, euer before ye colour it, so being well dyed and coloured, which at the least must be v. or vi. times ouer. Thus yee muste doe for sheepe skinnes, which also must be drest with allum, and when ye lay your colour on them, then take lynseede oyle, and with a woollen cloth, strike your dressing yron there­with, and when your skinnes be thereon well tawde, then take of your sleight colour or dye out of your fatte al cold, and coloure your skinne therewith once after your sayde linseede oyle. Then put it together, and wring foorth the oyle and greace therein, and the colour also, and being wel wrong out, lay it together, and colour it once againe, and being thus coloured three tymes ouer, then take and drye it, and so it is done.

To gilde on Leather.

First ye must worke it well, and ouerstrike it with the whytes of egges, and gum water beaten togeather, then lay your gold thereon, and strike it well, ye maye temper therewith hard yeolks of egges beaten with gum water. The redde and greene skinnes ye may vernish, as to take a bason with a smoothe bottome, and put coles vnder, and then laye, and spread your skinne thereon, so strike youre skinne all ouer with vernish, but afore ye strike it ouer (on the bottome of the bason or pan) yee shall firste rubbe and warme your skinne all ouer on the basons bottome, then strike your colour all ouer thereon, and so let it drye, and being drye, smooth it with a sleke stone, and so yee shall make it fayre.

To make a lye to dye a blue.

When ye will dye a blue, ye must make a strong lye, and ye must take twise so many ashes with a third part of chalke, then make it seeth foure paternoster whiles, then cast thereto of cleane waxe, whiche will make it clarifye the better, then set it ouer the fire, and let it there soke two houres or thereabouts, then put into a pan fiue pounde of woad, and put it to the sayd lye, then hang it ouer the fire, and warme it well without seething, and then put it in some hearing vessell, let it remayne there halfe an houre, then cast therein halfe a pinte of Zemes, so calde in dutche, and stirre it well with a staffe, then couer it wel the space of a quarter of an houre, and then it will be good and redy to dye with, then take of linnen yearne, or woollen cloth, other fustian or Oyer: to haue it a light blue, put it but once in, and to haue it a little brouner, put it in twyse, and to haue it more browner, put it thrise in, or so long till ye [Page 51]see it broune ynough, and when yee haue dyde what yee please, let the vessell rest till another day. If then yee will dye more yearne, linnen or woollen, then must the dye be taken out of the vessell, and put into a kettle, and put ther­to foure quartes of lye, as is aforesayd, so couer it wel and let it stande one houre, then put thereto halfe a pounde of grening weede, and hang it ouer the fyre agayne, and let it colour well withoute seething, then cast it into the ves­sel with a pint of Zemes, and couer it well, and let it rest a quarter of an houre, and then put therein agayne to dye what ye thinke good, and colour it as is aforesayde, also when ye doe set and prepare your fatte, yee must haue to e­uery ounce of greening weede, one quart of good lye.

To colour or dye a black.

Take a vessell, and put in colde gall water, then laye your fustian therein, styrre it and handle it well therein, and then put it into the black dye, and tosse it and handle it well therein also, and then agayn in the gall water, and agayne in the dye, doe thus so often till it bee dyed y­nough.

To dye a fayre yealow colour as Golde.

Lay first your linnen in allum water foure howers lōg, then take one part of chalk, and two parts of wood ashes, then make a lye thereof, and seeth your dye therewith, al­so the best lye to dye with is, to take two partes of wood ashes, and one part of chalke, worke and vse it as yee shall perceiue best.

To dye Fustian gray.

Take of hay ashes, and vyne ashes by themselues, and make a lye thereof, then put your fustian there in the hay lye, and then in the other lye, do it thus so long till yee see it all coloured ynough, with these and such like yee maye dye linnen gray, but yee must put thereto a little more of calles.

To dye blacke silke or veluet.

Yee shall firste soke your silke in gall water an houre long, and then let it drye, then shall ye laye it in the lye of saeche meale, (so calde in dutche) and with ashes of vynes, and lay it therein xii. houres or more, then let it drye wel, and after ye must seeth it in black dye two or three times, til that ye thinke it be fayre ynough.

To dye a silke that hath lost his colour.

Take Satten or Damaske that must bee made black, seeth it fyrst in the dye of Oken barkes, then drye it in the wynde, then seeth it agayne in your black dye, and so let it drye alwayes agayne. And if then it be not blacke ynough, seeth it in gall water and black dye, til it be fayre ynough, so let it drye, then rub all ouer with butter, or o­ther greace, and wring it well betweene your handes, then strike it ouer with a fayre woolen cloth, and it so wil be wel.

To make a gray Fustian.

First lay your Fustian to soke the space of iii. houres, [Page 53]then to viii. elles of Fustian, take two ounces of broken galles, and put them into warm water, then put your gal water into another fatte, with eyght quartes of fresh wa­ter, then lay your fustian therein, & stirre it wel with your handes therein, tosse it wel, & wring it forth wel, & laye it therein agayn one houre, & so wring it wel forth, then put it into the black dye, and lay it therein another houre, so wring it wel, then scoure it in the fayre riuer water, and then hang it to drye if then it be not gray ynough, soke it agayne in fayre water, and then put into your gall water, and then the black dye, then scoure it and drye it, so burle it and dresse it vp, and so it is done.

Black silke to dye.

To one pound of silke, take xii. gall nots beaten into a fyne poulder, then seeth that silke with the galles in com­men water, halfe an houre long, then take of your blacke dye, and seeth it therein another halfe houre, then take it forth, and let it coole, and then put it agayne into the dye, and let it seeth therein another halfe houre, if then it bee not fayre ynough, seeth it therein, til it be fayre, then take and washe it out of that colour and hang it to drye, and so it is done.

To colour curried skinnes greene, or felles to couer Bookes.

Take the buds of white & black thorn, which ye must ga­ther in the moneth of August, when they beginne to waxe rype and blacke, put them in a well leaded pot, the space of tenne dayes, then put thereto foure ounces of Allum, & boyle them together well, then putte it into a poudring vessell of Beefe or Porke, and close it well that it take no [Page 54]wynd, then set it a little in the sunne, and when ye would colour therewith, take a little of the sayd coloure, & myxe it with some lye, and warme it, and then strike it on the skinnes, and ye shal see a fayre colour. Also take Lincaile, or canker of Latine, hony, and mixe them together in like, and put thereto pisse, so much that it may take colour, and also stayne the skinne, and then drye it in the shade.

To make a yealow colour on skinnes.

Take the rype seedes of Nerprun, so cald in french, dry them in the sunne, and when yee will worke therewith, temper it with lye, and with a little allum of the Rocke, and let it rest till it be molten, the whiche will make it to take a yealow coloure, but the lye muste firste bee heate a little.

To dye thread blacke.

Take a quantitie of broken or brused galles, and boyle them in water in a small potte, and when they haue a lit­tle boylde, take out all the galles, and put into the same pot só much Coperose as ye haue had of galles, and put therewith a little gumme of Arabye, and then giue it a­gayne another boyling, so let it boyle a little, and with the sayd dye, yee shall colour therein your threed, then take it forth, and ye shall see it a fayre shining black.

To dye thread gray.

Take of the sayd black dye, so much as ye list, and put therevnto halfe so much water, more or lesse as yee will haue your colour deepe or light. Then boyle your threade therein, and you shal haue it gray as ye list, other browne or lighter, other after a mouse dunne.

To dye thread in sad purple colour.

Take the barkes of Pomgranads, & the pilles of dryde Oranges, then boyle them in water with a little Allum, as great as a small nutte, then let it coole, and when it is colde, put your thread therein, and boyle it agayne, and ye shal haue a fayre colour.

For to currie a raw Goteskinne.

Take a gotes skinne raw, and put it in warme water, and let it rest there a day, then scrape and cleanse it very cleane, and take away all the fylth thereof, and to finishe it, take water, and set it ouer the fyre, and put therein a handfull of fatte, and foure ounces of roche Allum, then styrre all together til it begin to boyle, then set it from the fyre, and let it rest til it be cold, then take an egge, and beate it with a little Oile oliue, this done put your gotes felle in the sayd water, and stirre it well al aboute with your handes three or foure times, and so it shal be in good case and wel curried.

To dye skinnes in a blue like azure.

The wooll being cleane taken off, and the felle washed cleane in fayre water, so wring it al out, then take the be­ries of the greening tree, as paynters vse, and the berries of elder, seeth them together in water of Allum, then strayne that water, so let it rest, then poure away the vp­permost, and strayne the rest agayne, then let it drye, and washe with that cleare water, but see that your felle bee cleane: then take your colour, and strike your felle al ouer therewith being warme, and so let it drye, so it will bee a good blue.

To dye skinnes with Madder, called Kubea tincto­rum in Latine.

First sée that your skinnes be readye washed and wrong cleane, and so layde abroade, then shall yee weat it all o­uer with the lyes of whyte Wyne, wherein baye Salt haue bene boyled, and so wring foorth that agayne, then take the ashes of the shelles of Creuis, or Sea crabbes, and temper it with the foresayde water and salt, and ther­with rubbe your skinnes and washe them well then with cleare water, and wring him, take ruddle & tēper it with the sayd lies, and rub it al ouer therewith, & so with y^e said ashes, thus wash & wring it three times, if it be not then well, ye shal giue him a colouring with brasill, and your Madder mixt together with the said water or lies, or that some tartar haue bene sod in, which must be made warm, when ye lay your ruddle, so leaue it a night, then putte on your Madder, mixt with allum or lyes, or allum cativum stieped in water, also you may adde vnto it, the shering of scarlet takē out of the boyling lye, which is also good.

A good greene to greeneskinnes.

Take first and cleanse your skinnes, annoynt and soke them well in cold water, then take the berries of the sap greening tree, and being rype about Michaelmas, take & stampe them, and so let them rest iii. or iiii. dayes, then put therto of rayn water a little, and then boyle them with a soft fire, in styrring them still, then if ye will haue it lighte greene, put to but a little allum, & the sadder green put too the more allum in the boyling and boyle it but a little, thē ye may fold your skinnes in the middest, and rub him on both sides therewith, and then with a little poulder of al­lum, then take ashes burnt of sheepes dung, and all ouer [Page 57]rub your sayd felles therwith on both sides, then rub him with the sayd colour agayne all ouer, so washe him with fayre water and let him so drye, but finely wring him out, then spread him, and cast of the foresayd thinne colour, all ouer the felle, and so let him dry, & it wil be a fine colour.

A sleighter greene with the sappe berrie.

Let your skinnes be first annointed, & wel washed, and so wrong forth, and then stretch them as the order is, then take of the same sap berries aforesayd, let them be stampt with roche allum & water, and a little boyld, and therwith giue your skinne a stroke or two al ouer, & then let it dry, then giue him a colouring with yealow, made of the sayd berries, sod with allum water, and agayne of saffron, then let it dryé, and ye shall see a fayre colour.

Another greene for skinnes.

Your skinnes being annoynted, washed and spread, ye colour him with the foresayd sappe greene, and put vnto it a few weat ashes, and rub the felle al ouer therewith, & being washed and wiped agayn, strike him ouer with In­dian colour, sod with roch allum, then let it dry, thē strike him ouer with the foresayd yealow, and so ye shal haue a fayre excellent greene colour.

To dye a crimosine colour.

Scrape hard sope, and so melt it in commen water, & put your silk in a linnen or thin canuas bag, and so put it into the Kettle to the soped water, & let it boyle softly halfe an houre space, but stur it ofte for burning, then washe it in salte water fyrste, and after in fresh water, for ech pound of silke, take a pound or more of allum, layde sufficyente [Page 58]in colde water, and therein put your silk without the bag, and let it rest therein viii. houres, then take and washe it in fresh water, then wring it, & put it in the pan to y^e crim­sine colour, being wel stampt & cleane, take iiii. ounce, and boile it with so much water as wil couer your silke foure fingers aboue in water, and to ech pounde of crimosine co­lour, put too three ounces of galles in fyne pounder, or in steede thereof yee maye put in halfe an ounce of Arsenic, which is not very wholesome because of the fume, nor the water thereof, and when it boyleth put in your silke as a­fore prepared, & there let it boyle a quarter of an houre, then wring it a little, and drye it in the shade, and so it wil be fayre.

To die a black after the common sort of the coun­trey women.

They take so much water as wil couer the hose, or o­ther cloth, but firste they al to strike their hose or cloth, with swart of the grindstone, then they laye alder pilles first in the bottome of the vessel, & thereon lay your cloth or hose, and then pilles thereon agayne, then lay your hose thereon, & pilles thereon agayn, & then couer al with wa­ter, so let them boyle softly two haures space, and turne your cloth often therein, then see if it be black ynough, if not, take new swart, and pilles, and vse them as yee did at the first, and so boyle them agayne til they be black, then scoure and washe them out, and it is done. Some women doe take (in steede of alder) plumtree pilles, some blacke thorne, and some yong oken pilles, and oke apples greene, and so dyes with them in like case, or the tender shewts of brachryers, or greene walnut huskes, al these are good in sommer to dye with.

To make Yron or steele as fofte as copper.

TAke a chalk stone vnslect, with as much allum, first stampe the Allum verye fine in a morter, then take your chalke and mingle therewith, then spread it half a finger, or a finger thick, on a linnen cloute, and wrap your yron therein, whiche yee would haue soft, and lay it in the middest of a fyre, & there let it lye an houre or more, till the fyre is out and bee all cold of himselfe without any other thing done to it. Then shall ye take out your yron or steele, and it will be as softe as it were right copper in his hardnesse.

Another way to soften.

Another way for the same, take only a white fyre turffe, and lay your yron or steele in the middest thereof, and lay it in the fyre, and let it lye there so long, til the fyre do go forth, and waxe colde of it selfe, then take it out, and it shal be as soft as neede shall require.

To make Yron softe.

Take the water, or the iuyce of Rafany, which I take to be the Rape, then heate your yron hoce, and quenche it therein, and it shal become soft agayne.

Another way to make yron soft.

Take of Sope ashes, and vnslect lyme, of eyther alyke, then make a lye thereof, whiche lye yee shall strayne nyne tymes thorowe a strayner, then take other yron or steele, and lay it therein one night, and it will be so soft ye may easilye cutte it, will yee then haue it harde agayne, so quenche it in colde water, and it shall waxe harde a­gayne.

Another way to make yron or steele softe.

Take the yelow flowers of Marigoldes, with the stele and blossome, stampe the flowers, and strayne it thorowe a cloth, and put that iuyce into a pot, then take the yron or steele that ye will make soft, and as red hote as yee canne doe sleke it in that iuyce, and it will bee as softe as Cop­per.

Another way to soften.

Also take slecken and long wormes out of the earth, of eche alike, and a thyrd part of falte, then take an earthen potte, and make it full of holes in the bottome lyke to a siue, then take the salt, and salte the wormes into the pot. Then take another potte, and set it vnder that pot, then will that salt melt with the wormes, and runne into the o­ther potte, and that in the vnder potte yee shall keepe, then lay a stone on that pot, and make it to seeth well, and scumme it so long as any scumme will ryse, then take it from the fyre that it may coole, then scumme that off a­boue, then make your steele red hote as fyre, and so quenche therein, which yron or steele a man may bow like as it were copper: then to make it hard, heate it red hote, [Page 61]and quenche it in colde water, and ye shal thinke it were fine steele.

To make yron soft.

Take an hearbe calde in Latine, Vngula cabellina, it is a clote, cald in English of some Colts foote, or Buls foote, take and make a water therof, and make your yron redde hote, whiche yee will haue softe, then quenche it in the sayde water, and it shall become softe, that yee maye vse it for your purpose, and so harden it agayne as the o­ther.

Another way to soften.

Take Slecken so calde in duche, and stampe it with strong wyne Vineger, then make your yron or steele red hote, that yee will haue softe, and quenche it in the sayde iuyce, and then it shall bee softe like the other, and to make it harde agayne, wherein to quenche with colde wa­ter as before.

To make Steele or Christall softe.

Take of vnquenched lyme, with as much of sope ashes, & thereof ye shal make a lye after this maner, whiche is, yee shall strayne it thorow a strainer ix. times, then take your steele or cristall, and lay it a night therein and a daye, so it shall be very soft, if ye will haue it hard agayne, so quench it in cold water as the other aforesayd.

Another way to soften yron.

Take your yron red hote, then quenche it in Linseede Oyle, doe this so often till ye shall perceiue it to be soft [Page 62]ynough, and another is, take the blood of Eeles, and make your yron hote, and quenche therein.

Agayne to make yron soft.

Take of clay, and lappe it round about your yron with a weat cloth, then lay it in a hote fyre of coles, or in a fyre of white turffes, so lette it lye till hee coole by him­selfe.

Another to soften yron.

Take the iuyce of an hearbe calde in latine Marubium, in English Horehound, with the iuyce of gherwe, so calde in duche, which I take to be Henbane, and also the iuyce of Radish, and mixe them with Aquauite, then quenche therein: and when yee will haue it harde agayne, then make it red hote as before, and quenche it in colde water.

To make yron as softe as leade.

Take and make blacke flintes into a fine pouder, and grynde it well vpon a paynters stone, thē put it in an yron panne, and make it red hote, then cast it on a marble stone, till it be nye colde, and then agayne make it red hote, then let it coole, and grynde it so long till it cleaue to the stone and grynder lyke clay, then put that in a glasse, and set it vnder the eaues of a house, where the sunne commeth not nye in the day, then the night after take out the water, that ye shall finde in the glasse aboue thereon, then take that pouder, and grinde it with the water, and put it in a stillatory, and let it stille out the halfe, then reuerse the water agayne vpon the poulder, and still it agayne with a soft fire, then take and seeth that water till the halfe bee wasted, so done: then take some yron blade that is newe [Page 63]broke in two, & put it together & holde it so a little while, then take of the water which was sod to the halfe, & with a fether lay it fyrst on the one side of the blade, and when that water is colde, then lay it on the other side, and it wil sowder fast with that water.

And with this water ye may make steele as soft as lead, or butter, & to make thereof with tooles, as in waxe what ye list. Also this water is a souerayne thing to helpe the goute, if therewith it be annoynted where the greefe is, & it wil soone remedy it. With this water ye may make letters on yron or steele, to write with a water thereon with your pen. Then after take of the vnsodden water, and put thereto some saffron, and grynde it together, and then draw thereon what ye will with other water, and so let it drye, which shall seeme a fayre colour like golde, thus ye may mixe and grynde any colour ye please with your sod­den water, and it will shew in like fayre.

To make Steele or yron soft.

Take the iuyce of Hemloc, stamp and strayne it, then put vnto it of neates Oyle, and so warme it, and beeing warme, make your yron or steele red hote, and quenche therein, and then heate your yron agayne three or foure times, and so quenche therein, til ye see your yron become soft, and bow like leade, also ye may take oyle, and droppe into it molten leade three or foure times, & therin quenche your yron or steele also.

To make yron or steele so soft that ye maye ea­sily wreath it.

Take the gall of a Bull, or of an Oxe, and mixe it with Vernice and pisse, with the iuyce of Nettles, eche of lyke quantitie, then make your Steele or yron red hote, and so [Page 62] [...] [Page 63] [...] [Page 64]quenche therein, and ye shall see experience.

To make yron soft another way.

Take Saluiter, Vitrioll, in poulder made and well beaten together: then yee shall distill them in a Lymbec of glasse. Then take the sayd distylde water, and your y­ron which ye would haue softe, lay it therein a day and a night, then take out your yron, and couer it in hote horse dongue, the space of fifteene dayes, then worke therewith and ye shall see experience. Also in making your yron red hote, ye may quenche it in Oxe dongue, or Cowe dongue mirt with honye, and Oyle olyue. Then heate it and so often, quenche therein, and ye shall see it will be so softe, that ye may make or worke with it at your pleasure.

Another good way to soften yron.

Take hony and scymme it cleane, and then take of fresh new gotes pisse, a quantitie of roche Allum, as muche of Burras, also of Oyle olyue, and salt in like portion, then mixe them all wel together, and make your yron red hote, and so quenche therein.

Agayne, when ye would soften any yron or steele, firste holde it ouer the flame of the fyre til it be hote, thē stryke it ouer with suet or other greace, then holde it ouer y^e fire, and let it dry in, do so twise or thrise and it will be soft.

Also take of horne and scrape it vpon leather, and put thereto Salarmoniac, and pisse thereon, then turne your yron theron being hote, til it hath consumed your leather and stuffe, and so it will be soft.

Likewise take of Salarmoniac, of vnsseet lyme, of eche like, of Venis sope more then both the other, stur all well together, and lay your steele therein, and make it moyste [Page 65]with Vineger, so let it rest therein, foure dayes, and work therwith, ye may vse final peeces so, but for greater, take cow dongue, whites of egges, and clay, temper it with vi­neger, and lay your steele therein.

Another, take salt, wyne stone, of ech in like portion, temper it with clay altogether, and so lay your steele therin, & so lay it in the fyre, the space of two houres, then take it forth, and let it coole of it self, and it will be soft.

Agayne, take of sope and vnsleked lyme, of eche in lyke portion, and of Salarmoniac somewhat lesse, and work & make a paste thereof, then lay your yron or steele therin, & so lap it round with clay, and lay it in the fyre, and heat it red hote, and then take it forth and let it coole of it self, as the other aforesaid, and then ye may worke therof at your pleasure.

A poulder to soften mettals.

Take iiii. parts of looking glasse, of galles, of other glasse, of salt, of ech one part, beat & myx them all well to­gether, & iii. parts of y^t same pouder, & i. part of your met­tal, and melt them together, and so vse it as ye please.

To make yron harde.

To make yron hard, yee shall take the distilde water of Varuen, and heate your yron red hot, and quench it there­in, do thus viii. or ix. times, and ye shal see it very hard: al­so another, which is, take the greene iuyce of Marubium, cald in English horehound, with the iuyce of radish, mixt with some Aquauite, & your yron being red hote, quenche therin or take the sayd horehound, and dry or burn it, and then make poulder therof, & mixe it with much salt, & har­den therewith.

Another way to harden yron.

Take of Antimonia, Callamint and Coperose, beat ech by himselfe to poulder, and then strew therof on your glo­ing yron, and so heate it agayne, and all to smeare it with these poulders agayne, then temper it with this iuyce fol­lowing. Take the iuyce of Celondine, as much of y^e roots as blades, till x pounde waighte, and stampe thēm, and seeth the iuyce to sixe pounde, and when yee will season any mettall, quenche in the sayd iuyce of Celidon, and it shall be hard.

To harden hammers and knyues.

To harden all maner of edge tooles, ye shal take horse dongue, and then make your Kniues or other tooles redde hote, and so quenche it therein, also to take the filinges of yron or steele, and they will harden also, or take shoes and burne them till they be black, and make a pouder thereof, and take of that poulder, with the like quantitie of salte, then straw it vnder and aboue your fyles, whiche shall bee layde in a square yron, couered with a lid of yron, ye shall straw your pouder thick theron, and then shut it. This ye shall make red hote altogither in a hote fire, and quicklye quenche it in cold water, and so let it coole therein, and it will be good and hard.

To harden another way all kinde of tooles.

Take the iuyce of Pentasilon, that growes in heathes, which is a fiue leaued grasse, calde of some synke foyle, with so much of the iuyce of Wormewood, keepe this in a vessell of glasse. Then take Pieren (so calde in dutche) and stampe it and straine it thorow a cloth, and al too strike o­uer [Page 67]with this, your yron being red hote, and as it dryeth in, strike it so agayne, and it wil make it hard.

Another good to harden yron or steele.

Take the iuyce of an hearbe, called Nigil Romana, in Latine it is calde Melanthia, and make your yron red hot, and quenche therein. Agayne, to make yron so harde that it will cut all other tooles, make it red hote, and quenche it in the iuyce of Mouse eare, whiche is called in Latine Pilocella.

To harden yron so hard as steele.

Take Snayles, and the first drawne water of a red die of the which water being taken in the two firste moneths of haruest, when it raynes, then still it, or taken in the end of May, then heate your yron red hote, and quench it ther­in, and it shalbe as hard as steele.

Also take Fimus humanus, the dongue of men, still it in a Lymbec, so that no water come therevnto it, and that it maye bee somewhat drye when ye stille it, and take ye heede of his sauour, the water ye shal distil twise in a new glasse, in Balneo mary, that is, one glasse within another in a pot of water.

Ye may do the like, stil mens blood of a man of xxx. yeres and of sanguine complexion, warme and moyst, and being of a mery nature, and pleasaunt, and whole & sound of bo­dy, such a man to be let blood in the middest of his age, and that hath plenty of blood, distil of his in the middst of may or in May. And thus by proofe, and also the water of mans dong, if it be wel and rightly stild, heate your yron glow­ing hote, and quenche in that water, so it wil make it as hard as steele. But if that water be not rightly stilde, the yron wil not harden therewith, but bee as soft as it was before.

To make yron or steele hard.

Take the iuyce of Varuen, cald in Latine var bena, and strayne it into a glasse, and ye wil quenche any yron, take thereof, and put to of mens pisse, and the distilde water of wormes, so mixe altogether, and quenche therein so farre as ye will haue it hard, but take heede it be not too harde, therfore take it forth soone after, and let it coole of it self, for when it is well seasoned ye shall see golden spottes on your yron.

Also the common hardning of yron or steele, is in cold wa­ter, & snow water, so when the edge shall seeme blue after his hardning, signifieth a good sign, and a right hardning.

To make steele hard, and to cut well.

Take an hearbe calde oxe tongue, or langdebefe, seeth it in water, both the rootes and leaues, then make your yron or steele red hot, and quench therin and ye shal see experi­ence. Also take the yelo flagge, cald in Latine spatula faeti­da, some doe call it spurge wort, take with it Varuayne, of eyther like quantitie, then seeth them together in fayre water a good space, and then let them stand and cleare til it be cold, then heate your yron or steele red hote, & quench therein.

Yee maye make mustard, and put vineger vnto it, and quenche your mettals therein. Also ye may take the iuyce of earth wormes, with the iuyce of housleeke, beate them together, then strayne them, and quenche therein, or take of mens heare, and heare of beastes, and seeth them in wa­ter til the water wax reddish colour, thē let it coole, strayn it, and quench therein.

Also some do quench in the iuice of radish, & the iuyce of smallage, mixt together, and the fyne poulder of rosin, put [Page 69]therin, and therein quenche your mettals. Agayne: they take the iuyce of Veruin, and the iuyce of an hearbe calde Dragons blood, and of scraped horne, with halfe so muche salt, the iuyce of earth wormes, and the iuice of radish, put al these together aforesayd, and therein quench your met­tals, this way aforesayd are very good to make your met­tals so hard as ye would desire, & make them whole, fayre, and bright withal.

To make yron hard without any crackes, clefts, or warpinges.

Take first suet or tallow of a beast, and melt it, then put it in some pot, or some other vessell, whereas colde wa­ter is, and this molten suet must be a finger thicke vppon the sayde water, and when ye will harden any thing, ye must put it downe softly thorow the suet, into the sayde water, and the quenching first in the suet, and then in the Water, it doth saue it withoute cracke, clefte, or war­ping.

Another way to harden yron.

Take the iuyce of Varuin, and take of land wormes in the field, after the plough, or a nights in gardens, and put a pinte of those wormes into a leaded pot, then put vnto a good handfull of salt, then stur them wel, and so there will come a water of them, and that water straynde vnto the water or iuyce of varuin, and when they bee together, yee shall quenche therein. This way is good for al wea­pons.

A way to harden Pikeaxes, Fyles, or other tooles.

Take the iuyce of Radish, the iuyce of Cadloc, the iuice of [Page 70]great worms, a quantitie of gotes blood, mix altogether, & your weapons being ground, quenche therein, & likewise your yron, to make it hard. But to harden, Mayles, Ares, Knyues, and such, is to quench in the iuyce of radish, also men oft tymes to make files hard, do quenche in Linseede oyle, or with scrapt horne, or with gotes blood.

To harden tooles to hew all other.

Ye shall gather of fielde snayles, or house snayles, with their shelles, then stampe them a little, and distil them in a Lymbec, and in that distild water, harden your steele or y­ron, but if ye wil haue it very hard, ye shal take sande, and brymstone, and grinde them together, and so strewe it on your yron or steele being red hote, and then quenche it in the sayd water, and they wil be very hard.

A way of hardning of Augars, Persars, and such like.

Ye shal take of mens vrine old and cold, with the iuice of varuen, and the iuice of wormes, of ech like quantity, then stur it wel altogether, and so quench your mettals therin, so farre as ye wil haue it hard, then let it coole softly of it selfe, till ye see spots like golde ryse thereon, then take it out of the sayd water, and they wil be wel.

To set a colour or Vernish on yron.

To vernish yron or steele, take the gall of a Calfe (and your yron or steele being cleane vernished,) take & stryke with a cloth your gall thereon, and then let it drye in the sunne, and it will shew like a gold colour.

To colour tinne, or copper, or to colour the buckles of gyrdles, and such.

Take of Linseede oyle so much as ye list, set it on the fire, and scymme it cleane, then put therein of Amber, and of Alopaticum, in like portion, then beat and styrre it wel altogether, with the oyle ouer the fyre, till it waxe thicke, then take it from the fire and couer it close, then set it in the earth three dayes, and when ye list to occupy thereof, stryke your mettall al ouer therewith, and so let it drye as aforesayde in the Sunne, and so yee shall haue a golden colour.

How to gylde vpon yron or steele.

Take a quantitie of wyne stone, with as muche Salar­moniac, and like of Verdegrece, and some salt, then seethe altogether in whyte wyne, then stryke all ouer your burnished yron or Steele, and let it burne in the sunne as before, and ye may gyld thereon with commen gold as the order is: and so it wil be fayre and good.

To gyld yron with a water.

Take of water or running water, for iii. pound of wa­ter, take two pound of roche allum, and an ounce of vitriol Romayne, and a peny weight of verdegreace, of salgēma three ounces, one ounce of Orpement, then boyle al these together, and when it begins to boyle, put in some lyes of tartre, and bay salt, of euery halfe an ounce, make it seeth, and being soo a prety while, take it from the fyre, and thē strike your yron therewith, then let it drye agaynst the fire, and being drye, burnish it, and it wil be fayre.

To gylde gn yron another way.

Take iiii. ounces of oyle lyne, of Tartre or wine lyes two ounces, and two ounces of the yeolkes of harde rosted egges stampt, of Alio Cicotrinum one oūce, a quarter of a dragm of saffron, then boyle all these in an earthen pot a good space, & if the oyle of linseed couer not al y^t substance, put therto sufficiēt of water, then annoint your burnished yron therewith, and it wil shew as the colour of golde.

To cast a siluer colour on copper for buckles of har­nes and such.

Take of wyne stone, of allum, and of salt of ech like quan­tity, then grynd them altogether on a paynters stone, and put thereto a leafe or two of siluer, and so grynde it well with the rest of your stuffe, so done, then put it in a leaded pot of earth, and therin put your copper a little while, so done, then scrape it with your wyar brush, then ye shal see if it be well, if not, let it remayne therein long, and so wil it be fayre.

To gylde yron as Goldsmiths do, with quicke siluer, and gold foyle.

Take vitriol i. oūce, allum ii. oūce, salarmoniac i. ounce, then beate these into poulder, and boyle it in commen wa­ter, thē take your burnished yron, & all to weat it with the sayde water, so then lay your goldfoyle theron, & dry it a­gaynst the fire, then burnish it as men do, & so it wil looke fayre, but if ye wil gylt with gold mixt with quickūluer, as goldsmiths do, ye shal put in a dragme of verdigreace, with half ounce of Sublimatum, so boyle them together, & let your yron boyle in the same water, but being so great [Page 73]ye cannot, then rub it therwith, & heat it to receiue better the colour, with quick siluer and gold, & when yee haue so heated your yron, ye may gyld with the same gold so mixt and then fume it with a fire lampe, or brimstone, or waxe.

A good way to burnish yron.

Take an ounce of Alopaticum citrinum, an ounce of Am­ber, then mix and beate them togither into a poulder, then set it ouer the fyre of coles in a earthen pot, & make it not to hote at the fyrst, but when it is molten, put thereto a quantitie of seething oyle, and stur it al wel together with a stick, then let it rest, take it from the fyre and coole, and so keepe it, and with this ye may vernish at pleasure, as ye do other mettals.

To sowder on cold yron.

Take two ounces of Salarmoniac, two ounces of salte, two ounce of wynestone made in poulder, ii. ounce of clock spyce, so calde in dutche, vi. ounces of looking glasse, beate all these, and mingle them well together, then put them in a linnē cloth, & lay it round, a finger thick with good clay, which clay must be wel tempered. Then put them in a leaded pot of earth, & couer it with another like pot of earth, then set it softly on glowing coles, so let it softly warme, and by little & little encrease your heat, till the said stuffe be al glowing hote and run, so done, then let it coole from the fyre, then take it forth and breake it small, and so grynde it to a fyne poulder, and when yee will sowder a­ny yron, yee muste make it fast on a borde, and see that the ioyntes be sette close together as ye canne, and firste lay a paper vnder your yron, and put of the sayd poulder a little betwixt the sayd ioynts, and also vpon al the ioynts, then wrappe it all rounde with claye, sauing aboue, [Page 74]which yee shall leaue open to sowder at, then take of the poulder of Burras, and put it in wine luke warme, or A­quauite, and so let it melt therein, so done, take of the same wine, and with a feather strike on the ioynts aboue which ve vncouered, then it will begin to seeth, so when it lea­ueth sething, it is then whole sowdred and sound, then be­ing so, take of your clay, and such roughnesse as doeth re­mayne on the ioynts, which ye shall not fyle of, but grynd it of, and thus it shal be wel.

Another way to sowder warme on yron or steele.

Take of gūme water, and beate therewith some hearbes, which hearbes, it shall not skil what, and make it thick as a past, and when ye wil sowder any place, strike thereon, or lay it on the ioynte, then rub it thereon with sope, and then holde thereto a fyre cole, and it will runne. Then washe of the sayde dough, from the sowdred place, and so it wil be fayre.

To sowder on Copper.

Take an ounce of Coperas, halfe an ounce of whyte Arsenic, which is calde whyte Orpemente, then make your Coper to runne, and diuide your Arsenicke in two parts, then cast one part into your copper, and stir it well all together, and then cast in the other parte of your Arse­nic to your copper, and stir it wel altogether, so done, cast it on a stone, and spread it thin, and when it is colde, beate it into a fyne poulder, and vse it likewise, as the other be­fore mentioned.

To sowder on Latine.

Ye must fyle your lattine cleane al ouer, then put the [Page 75]ioyntes close together, and thereon scrape quicklye youre burras, so ye shal see it wel and sure sowdred.

Another sowder to sowder on yron.

Ye shall set your ioynts of yron as close as ye maye, the one vnto the other, then lay them so in glowing coles, and then take of Venis glasse, made in fine poulder, and youre yron being red hote in the fyre, caste the poulder of your glasse thereon, and so it shall sowder of himselfe, and bee very strong withall. And if ye clap it in clay as aforesayd ye shall not do amisse.

Another good way to gylde on yron or Steele.

Take one ounce of Orgall, or Orgyrs, in dutch so na­med, with a thyrde part of Vermillion, and a fourth parte of Bolearmoniac, with as much of Aquauite, then worke and grinde them altogether on a stone with lynseede oyle, so done: put therevnto some of the stone calde Lapis Cala­minaris, the bignesse of a hazel nutte, and grynd therwith in the end, three or foure droppes of Vernish, so take it off the stone, and strayne it thorow a linnen cloth into a stone potte, for it must bee as thicke as hony, so keepe it, and strike it whereon ye list, and so let it dry, and then ye may lay your golde, or siluer thereon, as aforesayd.

A Varnish like golde, for tinne, Siluer, or buckles of copper.

Ye shal haue small pots well leaded, then put therein vi. ounces of Linseede oyle, one ounce of Mastick, an oūce of Aloepatieum citrium then make them altogether in fine poulder, and then put them into your sayd oyle, & couer it [Page 76]with such another pot, whiche pot aboue yee shall make a small hole in the bottome thereof, wherin ye shall put tho­row a small sticke, with a brode ende beneath, to stur the o­ther pot withall, and when the pots are set iust together, one to the other, ye shal close thē al about with good clay, and couer them al ouer also, in leauing but the hole open aboue, with the stick to stir the other pot, so done, set them ouer the fyre, in stirring it ofte, as it doth seeth, like pain­ters vernish and when ye will gylde therewith, poollishe your mettall fyrst all ouer, and then strike the vernish all ouer thereon, and then let it dry in the sunne, if it lye too thinne, strike it ouer agayn so often as ye shal think good, and so let it drye betwixt your striking and then ye shall see it will do well.

A way to graue on yron or steele, or other kynde of weapons.

Take cole of a wille or sallo, two partes of Vitriol or Copares, two parts of Salarmoniac, worke and beate all these together well with Vineger, and make it thick like broth, and when ye will eate or graue any thing withall, draw first thereon with this thing following. Take Ver­milion, & linseede oyle mixt all together, then dry it, & late it ouer with your past a finger thick or more, and the warmer it is, the sooner it will graue and eate, but see too it, it burne not, and when it is dryde well, doe off the sayde poulder, and cleanse the casting out, then take two partes of spanish greene, calde verdigreace and a part of salt, thē beat them together in a morter, and put vnto it strong vi­neger, and do as it is abouesayde, or take Vitriol, Allum, salt, Lapis calamynaris, viniger, and sallo cole, and make it as the other aforesayd, or take two parts of vitriol, and a third part of salarmoniac, and grind them wel al together on a stone with vrine or pisse, then laye it on as it is afore­sayde, [Page 77]but ye must lay it cold on, and set it then foure or fiue howers in a seller, or low coole place, for it wil be the better.

A water to eate or graue on yron or steele.

Take of verdigreace, of Mercury sublyme, of vitriol, & of Allum, of ech a like, then beat them smal, & so put it into a glasse, so let it stand half a day, & styr it often, then strike it al ouer with wax, or yealow lead, mixt with lynseed oyle, or liisen smout, so cald in dutche, and strike thereon with y^e water in y^e glasse, & let it stand half a day, but if ye write or lay thin that the water may eate it the sooner, which yee shal couer al the yron or steele thin with wax, and to draw theron what ye list with a pensil in the wax, vnto y^e groūd, then strike your water al ouer, and so it shal eate on your grauen places, or lay theron Mercury sublimatū in your grauen places, and put therevnto vineger, and so let it rest half an hower after, and it wil do wel.

Another water to eate on yron or steeele more stronger.

Take an ounce of Verdigreace, halfe an ounce of Allum Plumosum, and half an ounce of Salarmoniac, as much of wynestone, and halfe an ounce of Vitriol, and as muche of common salt, let al be smal beaten, & so put together, & put thereto of sharpe viniger, & so let it stand an houre, and when to graue or eate any thing therwith, it must be first grauē, & ye shal write with Liifen smout, or yelow colour, then let it drye, and then make your foresayde water hote in a leaded panne, and let it stande ouer the fyre, and hold your yron and steele ouer the panne, and poure of that hot water thereon with a ladle, that the rest may fall agayne into the foresayde panne, thus muste yee doe still a good [Page 78]quarter of an houre, & this doing, the take ashes or vnssect lyme & rub it, & looke, of that ye would haue eaten, if it be clean or not, if not, draw it agayn with your yelo matter, & then poure on your said water, and so ye shal haue it wel.

To lay gold vpon yron or other mettall.

Take of liquid varnish i. li. of Turpentine and oyle of lin­seed, of ech i. ounce, then mix thē wel altogether, and so re­serue it, on this ground ye may gild vpon any mettall.

Another way to gild on yron.

Take of bolearmoniac, & white gūme, of ech one ounce, thē put it into a pot of earth wel leaded, & let it seeth ther­in softly with a fyre of coles, & put therin two oūces of lin­seed oyle, & whē it doth rope like a thread, it is then a signe it is ynough sod, with which ye maye vse to gylde as is a­fore declared, by these and such practises in mettals, yee may finde out the like of other hereafter.

A water to eat on mettals.

Take an ounce of Saltpeter, an ounce of coperose, beat them together, and put them into a double glasse, & distill a water thereof, then take yelow or red wax, and spreade it thin as paper on what mettell yee will, or weapon, then draw theron to the ground with a pensil of steele or other, then all to strike it ouer the drawne places with the sayde water distyld, so let it remayne xxiiii. houres, which water will eat on your yron or steele sufficiently. The like waye ye may doe with other sort of mettals.