The hidden treasures of the art of physick; fully discovered: in four books. 1 Containing a physical description of man. 2 The causes, signes, and cures of all diseases, incident to the body. 3 The general cure of wounds, tumours, and ulcers. 4 A general rule, for making all kind of medicines; with the use and nature of distilled waters, juyces, decoctions, conserves, powders, elestuaries, plaisters, &c. To which is added three necessary tables, 1 sheweth the contents of the four books. 2 Explaineth all the terms of art which are used in physick and chirurgery. 3 Explaining the nature and use of simples, what they are, and where they grow. A work whereby the diligent reader may, without the help of other authors, attain to the knowledge of the art above-named. / By John Tanner, student in physick, and astrology. Tanner, John, ca. 1636-1715. 1659 Approx. 945 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 289 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2012-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 2). A94421 Wing T136 Thomason E1847_1 ESTC R203798 99863615 99863615 115825

To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal. This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 2, no. A94421) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 115825) Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 230:E1847[1]) The hidden treasures of the art of physick; fully discovered: in four books. 1 Containing a physical description of man. 2 The causes, signes, and cures of all diseases, incident to the body. 3 The general cure of wounds, tumours, and ulcers. 4 A general rule, for making all kind of medicines; with the use and nature of distilled waters, juyces, decoctions, conserves, powders, elestuaries, plaisters, &c. To which is added three necessary tables, 1 sheweth the contents of the four books. 2 Explaineth all the terms of art which are used in physick and chirurgery. 3 Explaining the nature and use of simples, what they are, and where they grow. A work whereby the diligent reader may, without the help of other authors, attain to the knowledge of the art above-named. / By John Tanner, student in physick, and astrology. Tanner, John, ca. 1636-1715. [16], 96, 107-154, 165-543, [37] p. Printed for George Sawbridge, at the sign of the Bible on Lud-gate-Hill, London, : 1659. Includes a glossary and a final errata leaf. Annotation on Thomason copy: "Jan:"; 9 in imprint date crossed through and "8" written beside. Reproduction of the original in the British Library.

Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.

EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.

EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).

The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.

Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.

Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.

Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.

The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.

Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).

Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site.

eng Medicine -- Early works to 1800. 2020-09-21 Content of 'availability' element changed when EEBO Phase 2 texts came into the public domain 2011-10 Assigned for keying and markup 2011-10 Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2011-11 Sampled and proofread 2011-11 Text and markup reviewed and edited 2012-05 Batch review (QC) and XML conversion

THE HIDDEN TREASURES OF THE Art of Phyſick; Fully Diſcovered: IN FOUR BOOKS. 1 Containing a Phyſical Deſcription of Man. 2 The Cauſes, Signes, and Cures of all Diſeaſes, incident to the Body. 3 The general Cure of Wounds, Tumours, and Ulcers. 4 A general Rule, for making all kind of Medicines; with the uſe and Nature of diſtilled Waters, Juyces, Decoctions, Conſerves, Powders, Elestuaries, Plaiſters, &c. To which is added three neceſſary Tables, 1 Sheweth the Contents of the Four Books. 2 Explaineth all the Terms of Art which are uſed in Phyſick and Chirurgery. 3 Explaining the Nature and uſe of Simples, what they are, and where they grow. A Work whereby the diligent Reader may, without the help of other Authors, attain to the knowledge of the Art above-named.

By John Tanner, Student in Phyſick, and Aſtrology.

London, Printed for George Sawbridge, at the ſign of the Bible on Lud-gate-Hill. 1659.

To my truly honoured, and worthily reſpected Friend, Mr. William Beal, of Little Miſſenden, in the County of Buckingham; J. T. Wiſheth all Health, Happineſs, and Proſperity in this Life, and Eternal Glory in the Life to come. Honoured Sir,

THat which (for the moſt part) emboldeneth men, to dedicate their Labours unto any Perſonage, is the affinity between the matter of the Work which they preſent, and the Mind of him to whom it is preſented. I have here ſwerved from this cuſtom, being altogether too weak to preſent you with a Work, ſutable to your far more excellent parts: Yet when I conſidered my Deſign, viz. to ſerve my Countrey, and to instruct the unlearned, in this ſo excellent and neceſſary a Science; I thought none ſo fit to patronize and encourage a piece of this nature, than one who heartily deſires the publique good; which publique Spirit, and charitable Principle, I have (in a more than ordinary manner) obſerved in you; and your poor Neighbours (to their comfort) are daily ſenſible of. Sir, I need not tell you, how uſeful, a ſubject of this nature, may prove to the Commonalty, whoſe ignorance of their own condition, whileſt they are ſick, and want of ſtrength of body or purſe, to confer with a Phyſitian, proves fatal to many a poor Christian in this Nation. I ſhall leave this to the conſideration of the Reader, and humbly crave your favourable acceptance, of theſe my weak endeavours, and Firſt-Fruits of my few years hard ſtudy: Which if I obtain; my Book, though a Stripling, and very impotent of it ſelf; yet under your favourable protection, I am confident, will manfully obvert and defend it ſelf againſt the venemous Bitings of Slanderous Tongues, from which it muſt expect not a little oppoſition. I hope, nay confidently believe that this poor Infant, though but meanly clad, will find your encouragement, being an honeſt mans Child, no Vagrant. I beſeech you, Sir, excuſe my confidence, who dare thus ruſh into your preſence; and demand, without any merit of my own, your favourable protection.

But it is your good Nature, of which I am an Admirer, that hath ſo far emboldened me. Had Nature been more liberal to me in Expreſſions, or had tipt my Tongue with Eloquence; yet I durſt not make uſe of it to you, for I know you delight not in it; nor is my ſelf therewith affected: Therefore, in all humility, ſincerity, and plain Language, I ſubſcribe my ſelf,

Your moſt affectionate Servant, John Tanner.
TO THE READER.

IT is not vain-glory (Courteous Reader) arrogancy or preſumption, that hath put me upon this Deſign, viz. publiſhing this Tractate of Phyſick: But for ſome years (having abandoned the hunting after all gliſtering ſhewes of happineſs) I have applyed my Mind to the ſtudy of Nature; and finding nothing in the World, that God, the Great Creatour, hath kept to himſelf, but made ſubject to the induſtrious Capacity of man's ſoaring Brain. And that the ſame God, that infuſed into man a conceiveable Mind, to underſtand the Myſteries of Nature; alſo gave a Tongue able to expreſs his Conceptions to another, and a Hand to write it for the benefit of Poſterity. As there is nothing can make a man approach nearer to the perfection of Nature, which he loſt in his Fall; then painful ſearching into the Secrets of Nature: ſo there is nothing in Nature can make a man more glorifie his Maker, then communicating what he hath found by Search and Induſtry, to Poſterity. Theſe conſiderations put me upon the Enterpriſe, not forgetting the ſaying of Plato, and the Stoicks, Non nobis ſolum nati ſumus, ortúſ que noſtri partem patria vendicat, partem parentes, partem amici. Quae in terris gignuntur, ad uſum hominum omnia creari, homines autem hominum cauſa eſſe generatos, ut ipſi inter ſe aliis alii prodeſſe poſſent: We are not born for our ſelves alone, but partly for our Countrey, partly for our Parents, and partly for our Friends: What ever the Earth hath produced, was created for the uſe of Man; Man alſo was created for Man's ſake, that they might among themſelves profit one by another. Theſe conſiderations (I ſay) moved me to purſue this Deſign; which (though it will not ſatisfie every detracting Critick, and ſelf-conceited Practitioner) I hope will find acceptance among thoſe, for whom I principally intended it.

Courteous Reader, I have collected, out of the Works of moſt of the Ancient and Modern Phyſitians now extant among us, this Compendium or Abridgment of Phyſick, much of which I have ſealed, & confirmed by the Probatum eſt of my own Experience, as Providence hath given me occaſion. I have not put thie to view, in competition with the Works of ſo many more grave and Learned Raboies; but for the good of thoſe that want ſuch helps, and are unacquainted with the Latine Tongue; but more particularly for theſe Reaſons:

Firſt, becauſe many induſtrious Students have not a Purſe to purchaſe ſo many Authors. Secondly, others have not a Brain to peruſe ſuch lage Volumns; but are at firſt better able to apprehend much, lying in a little compaſs; the uſe of which (as an Introduction) will give them light to paſs thorough larger Volumes with more eaſe. Third'y, that People void of Learning, and of mean Capacities, may be better able to judge of a Diſeaſe by the Symptomes, and give a better Information to an abſent Phyſitian, then to ſet him to juggle in the Piſs-per. Fourthly, Ladies and Gentlewomen, who are wont to help their poor ſick Neighbours, may be the better enabled, and be forewarned by dangerous Symptomes, to haſte to the Learned Phyſitian. Laſtly, that all Women may the better underſtand the Phyſitians Directions, and with more Prudence govern the Sick.

The firſt Book was the Fruits of my wandering Meditations, which I once intended not for publick view. Much of the ſecond was my Daily Collections, which my Practiſe lead me to. In the Theory, I interlaced the Judgments of Authors, making choice of that which ſeemed moſt conſentaneous to Reaſon, and my own Experience. In the Practique part, I have quoted Medicines from ſeveral Authors, as left by them: Some I have ſomewhat altered, and that for two Reaſons: Firſt, ſome I have altered to make them more ſtrong and efficacious. Secondly, others I altered, when I was enforced to uſe (for want of one Ingredient) another of the ſame nature. This Book ſwelled to ſuch a bigneſs, that I was forced to contract my ſelf in the two laſt, and to be ſomewhat briefer then I intended.

Thus, courteous Reader, I have, for thy ſake, expoſed my ſelf to the dangerous and ſharp Teeth of the envious Detractors, which is a great hazard, eſpecially in this poliſhed Age, among ſo many fine and curious Wits, who ſcarcely can approve of any thing, though never ſo judiciouſly compoſed. Yet if it find acceptation with thee, I have my end, and ſhall receive ſufficient encouragement, to undertake ſomewhat more for thy benefit: which I ſhall ſuddainly do, if I find this give content. If any fault, committed by my Pen, or the Preſs, paſs uncorrected, excuſe it. Accept it with a chearful heart; and as I freely impart, ſo do thou, what ever profit or knowledge thou gaineſt thereby, freely for the good of thy Neighbour, to the honour of God, and praiſe of this Laudable Science; and for the further encouraging of him who now is, farther to be

Thine, in all Offices of Love, J. TANNER. From my Lodging, at Mr. Cambridge's houſe, next door to the Sign of the Kings-Arms, in Kings-ſtreet, Weſtmin.
A general Table of all the principal Contents of this Book.
The Table of the Firſt Book. CHap. 1. A Phyſical Deſcription of Man Page 1 Chap. 2. A more particular Deſcription of Man p. 4 Chap. 3. A Deſcription of the Head p. 6 Chap. 4. Of the parts belonging to the Head p. 11 Chap. 5. Of the Stomach, and its faculties p. 19 Chap. 6. Of the Heart p. 21 Chap. 7. Of the Lungs, Liver, &c. p. 25 Chap. 8. Of the Reins and Kidneys, p. 29 Chap. 9. Of the Generative Parts, p. 32 Chap. 10. The Concluſion, p. 36
The Table of the Second Book. CHap. 1. Of the nature of Phyſick, and Office of a Phyſitian, Page 39 Chap. 2. Of Diſeaſes of the Head; Cephalaea and Megrim, pag. 42 Chap. 3. Of the Frenſie, pag. 48 Chap 4. Of Madneſs, pag. 52 Chap. 5. Of the Apoplexie, Lethargie, and Sleepy Diſeaſe, pag. 56 Chap. 6. Of the Vertigo, page 62 Chap. 7. Of the Palſie, page 67 Chap. 8. Of the Convulſion, page 71 Chap. 9. Of a Catarrh, or Defluxion, page 75 Chap. 10. Of Diſeaſes of the Eyes, proceeding from obſtruction of the Optick Nerves, page 83 Chap. 11. Of a Cataract, page 88 Chap. 12. Of the enlarging, or ſtraitening of the Pupilla, page 94 Chap. 13. Of the Pin and Web, page 107 Chap. 14. Of the Inflammation of the Eyes, p. 108 Chap. 15. Of the Cancer, and Rupture of the Cornea, page 116 Chap. 16. Of Diſeaſes of the corners of the Eyes, and Eye-lids, page 118 Chap. 17. Of Diſeaſes of the Ears, page 124 Chap. 18. Of Diſeaſes of the Nostrils, page 134 Chap. 19. Of bleeding at the Noſe, page 142 Chap. 20. Of the Diſeaſes of the Tongue, page 146 Chap. 21. Of the Diſeaſes of the Teeth, page 150 Chap. 22. Of Diſeaſes of the Gums, page 165 Chap. 23. Of the Ulcers of the Mouth, page 167 Chap. 24. Of a looſe and inflamed Columella, and Diſeaſes of the Tonſils, page 169 Chap. 25. Of the Quinzie, page 171 Chap. 26. Of the Aſthma, page 175 Chap. 27. Of the Pleurifie, and inflammation of the Lungs, page 179 Chap. 28. Of Empyema, page 183 Chap. 29. Of ſpitting of blood, page 185 Chap. 31. Of the Conſumption, or Ptiſick. page 189 Chap. 32. Of the Palpitation of the Heart, page 194 Chap. 33. Of Swooning, or Syncope, page 197 Chap. 34. Of want of Appetite, page 201 Chap. 35. Of a depraved Appetite, page 205 Chap. 36. Of the Thirſty Diſeaſe, page 208 Chap. 37. Of Evil Digeſtion, page 210 Chap. 38. Of the Hiccough, page 213 Chap. 39. Of Vomiting, page 215 Chap. 40. Of Cholera, page 218 Chap. 41. Of pain in the Stomach, pag. 220 Chap. 42. Of the Inflammation, Ulcer, and Impoſthume of the Stomach, pag. 229 Chap. 43. Of the Chollick, page 223 Chap. 44. Of the Illiack Paſſion, page 230 Chap. 45. Of the Lientery, and Caeliack Paſſion, p. 233 Chap. 46. Of the Flux Diarrhaea, p. 235 Chap. 47. Of the Dyſentery, or Bloody Flux, p. 238 Chap. 48. Of the Tenaſmus, p. 243 Chap. 49. Of the Flux of the Live , p. 244 Chap. 50. Of the Worms, p. 247 Chap. 51. Of the immoderate Flux of the Hemorrhoids, p. 251 Chap. 52. Of the pain of the Hemorrhoids, p. 254 Chap. 53. Of a hot diſtemper of the Liver, p. 257 Chap. 54. Of the inflammation of the Liver, p. 259 Chap. 55. Of the obſtruction of the Liver, p. 264 Chap. 56. Of the Schirrhus of the Liver, p. 268 Chap. 57. Of the Jaundiſe, p. 269 Chap. 58. Of the Dropſie, p. 272 Chap. 59. Of the obſtruction, inflammation, and tumour of the Spleen, p. 279 Chap. 60. Of Hypochondriack Melancholy, p. 281 Chap. 61. Of the Scurvey, p. 285 Chap. 62. Of the Stone in the Kidneys, p. 288 Chap. 63. Of the Stone in the Bladder, p. 294 Chap. 64. Of the inflammation of the Reins and Bladder, p. 296 Chap. 65. Of the Ulcer of the Reins and Bladder, p. 299 Chap. 66. Of extraordinary piſsing, p. 302 Chap. 67. Of involuntary piſsing, p. 304 Chap. 68. Of the ſtoppage of Urine and Strangury, p. 306 Chap. 69. Of the ſcalding of the Urine, p. 309 Chap. 70. Of piſsing of blood, p. 311 Chap. 71. Of the Green-ſickneſs, p. 314 Chap. 72. Of the ſtoppage of the Terms, p. 317 Chap. 73. Of the immoderate Menſtrual Flux. p. 320 Chap. 74. Of the Whites. p. 323 Chap. 75. Of the Mother, p. 326 Chap. 76. Of the inflammation, ulcer, and hard ſwelling of the Womb, p. 333 Chap. 77. Of the ſwelling of the Womb by wind or water, p. 337 Chap. 78. Of the falling down of the Womb, p. 341 Chap. 79. Of Barrenneſs, p. 343 Chap. 80. Of Miſcarriage, p. 349 Chap. 81. Of hard Travel in child-birth, p. 351 Chap. 82. Of the Gout and Sciatica, p 356 Chap. 83. Of the one day Feaver, p. 363 Chap. 84. Of the Feaver Synochus non putrida, p. 365 Chap. 85. Of continual putrid Feavers, p. 366 Chap. 86. Of the Hectick Feaver, p. 375 Chap. 87. Of the Tertian Ague, p. 377 Chap. 88. Of the Quotidian Ague, p. 380 Chap. 89. Of the Quartan Ague, p. 381 Chap. 90. Of the Peſtilence, p. 386 Chap. 91. Of the Small Pox and Meaſles, p. 394
The Contents of the Third Book. CHap. 1. Of a green Wound, p. 398 chap. 2. Of a contuſed wound, and a Bruiſe, p. 404. chap. 3. Of Wounds by biting, or ſtinging of any creature, venemous or not. p. 407 chap. 4. Of a Wound in the Nerves, Tendons, Ligaments, Veins, and Arteries. p. 409 chap. 5. Of Luxations and Fractures, p. 413 chap. 6. Of accidents happening to wounded perſons, p. 417 chap. 7. Of Sanguine Tumors, p. 422 chap. 8. Of cholerick Tumors, p. 429 chap. 9. Of Phlegmatick Tumors, p. 432 chap. 10. Of Melancholy Tumors, p. 439 chap. 11. Of Ulcers. p. 444 chap. 12. Rules for Vomiting and Purging, p. 448
The Contents of the Fourth Book. CHap. 1. Of Diſtilled Waters, page 452 chap. 2. Of Syrups, p. 464 chap. 3. Of Decoction and Juyces, p. 484 chap. 4. Of Lohocks, p. 486 chap. 5. Preſerves, Conſerves, Sugars, and Lozenges, p. 489 chap. 6. Of Troches, p. 493 chap. 7. Of Pills, p. 501 chap. 8. Of Powders, p. 510 chap. 9. Of Electuaries, p. 519 chap. 10. Of Oyls, p. 534 chap. 11. Of Oyntments, p. 534 chap. 12. Of Plaiſters, p. 539
CHAP. I. A Phyſicall Deſcription of Man.

THe omnipotent and wiſe Creator, having created all things out of nothing, and out of a rude and undigeſted lumpe or maſſe (according to his will, and by his word) brought all things into a decent frame, and comely ſtructure: out of a confuſed nothing wrought the Heaven and the Earth, out of that which was darke and voide he created light, he ſeperated the Waters from the Earth, and gave bounds to the unruly waves; and indued the dry and barren Earth with a prolificall virtue, richly adorning it with graſſe, hearbs, and Fruit-Trees; he made the Sun, Moon, and Stars, to divide the light from the darkneſſe, to enlighten and rule both day and night, to be for ſignes, to diſtinguiſh ſeaſons, dayes and yeares; by his word he created every living thing that moveth in the Sea, and in the Earth. Having thus farr I ſay proceeded in his ſo excellent and admirable workmanſhip of Creation, he made Man, a Summary of the Worlds Fabrick, a ſmall draught of the Divine Nature: he was made after other Creatures, not only as the moſt perfect, but as the ſuper-intendent & maſter of all things created, Qui dominetur in piſces maris, et in volucres coeli, et in pecudes, & in univerſam terram, atque in omnia reptilia, reptantia ſuper terram, to rule over the Fiſh of the Sea, and over the Foule of the Aire, and over the Cattle, and over the Earth, and over every Creeping thing that creepeth upon the Earth.

In man he cloſed up, and ended his work; on man he ſtamped his Seal, and figne of his power, on him he hath imprinted his image and ſuperſcription, his armes and his portraiture. Dixit deus, Faciamus hominem ad imaginem noſtram, ſecundum ſimilitudinem noſtram, God ſaid; Let us make man in our image, after our likneſſe: In the Creation of man, God ſeemeth to deliberate and take Counſell with himſelfe, how to epitomize, and gather together all his works in ſo ſmall a compaſſe, to contract his (ſo large) book of Creation, into ſo ſmall a volume.

He is called the Microcoſm, or little World, the recapitulation of all things, the ligament of Angels & Beaſts, Heavenly and Earthly, ſpirituall and corporall things: the perfection of the whole work, the honour and miracle of nature. He created him naked, being a pure neat and delicate Creature, made up of thin, ſubtill, well tempered and ſeaſoned humours; innocent, and far more beautifull than the reſt. He was created upright, but-little touching the Earth; quite oppoſite to the vegetable Plant, whoſe root is therein fixed; far different alſo from the beaſt, who is a meane between a Plant and himſelfe, and goeth downward; his two extreames tending to the bounds of the Horizon: This upright gate belongeth only unto man, as the holieſt, and moſt Divine Creature, his head tending to the Heavens, on which he looks, and there beholds himſelfe as in a glaſſe according to that of Ovid. Os homini ſublime dedit, coelum que videre Juſſit, & erectos ad ſydera tollere vultus. Which I Engliſh thus. He gave man lofty looks and upright gate, To view the Heav'ns, and thereon contemplate.

His body being thus formed of pure, ſubtill Earth, as a houſe and habitation for the Soul, God breathed in him the breath of Life, and he became a living Creature: So in the ordinary generation, and formation, which is made of the ſeed in the Womb, nature obſerveth the ſelfe ſame order; the body is firſt formed, as well by the Elementary force which is in the ſeed, and the heat of the matrix; as by the Celeſtiall influence of the Sun: according to the Adagy, Sol & homo generant hominem, the Sun and Man do engender man: which is don (according to the opinion of moſt) in ſuch order, that the firſt ſeaven dayes the ſeed of the man and woman, mingle and curdle like cream, which is the beginning of conception: The ſecond ſeaven days, the ſeed is changed into a formleſſe bloody ſubſtance, and concocted into a thick and indigeſted maſſe of fleſh, the proper matter of the Child. The next ſeaven days, out of this Lump is produced and faſhioned a groſſe body, with the three moſt noble parts, viz: the Liver, Heart, and Braine. The fourth ſeaven days or neare thirty, the whole body is ended, perfected, joynted, and organized, and becometh a body fit to entertaine the ſoul, which inveſts it ſelfe into the body (as ſome think) about the ſeaven and thirtieth or fourtieth day: at the third month, or there abouts, the Infant hath motion and ſenſe; at the ninth Month, is brought forth. Theſe times cannot be ſo exactly prefixed, but that by the ſtrength or debility of the ſeed, or matrix, it may be either haſtened or prolonged. But I ſhall forbeare further diſcourſe of the ſoul, it not being my taske to act the part of a Divine; and come to a more particular deſcription of Man, yet not ſo, as to act the part of an Anatomiſt.

CHAP. II. A more particular deſcription of the Body of Man.

THe body of man conſiſts of above two hundred bones, and as many Cartilages, which are as the baſis, and upholding Pillars of the whole building; the joynts are compacted with many Ligaments, and cloathed with innumerable membranes, the members are ſupplied with above thirty paire of ſenſitive Nerves as with little Cords; and all beſprinkled with as many arteries, like water-pipes, conveighing vitall ſpirits to all parts. The empty places are filled up with almoſt four hundred Muſcles, and fleſh of divers ſorts, as with flocks; all covered over with skin. In him are the temperament of all Creatures; Some there are, who have the ſtomack of an Oſtrich, others the Heart of a Lion, too too many have the Heart of a Dog, not a few conditioned like a Sow; and many by nature very like to the Aſſe.

Man for whom all things was made, is nouriſhed by the Balſamick Spirits of Vegetables Animals and Mineralls; and therefore doth conſiſt of all theſe faculties, that ſpring up as a token of health or ſickneſſe: Balme, Violets, and Germander, produce fruit in man, viz: the Spirits of the Heart, Braine, and Liver: Likewiſe the nettle, Aron, and Crowfoot; as Scabs, Sores, and Puſhes: Minerall ſeperations alſo may appeare in man, of vitriall Allum, Salt, and Tartar, &c: as the leproſie, Elephantiaſis, Morphew, and Cancer: Nor is man free from minerall Generations, as Gold, Silver, Tin, Copper, Iron, Lead: The Heart, the Brain, Liver, Reines, Gall, and Spleen: In the body of man is likewiſe to be ſound quarries of ſtone, viz. in the Bladder and Kidneys, which ſerve not to build, but to deſtroy the Fabrick.

The Celeſtiall Planets hath a dukedome in this little world: the moiſtuing powre of the Moon is repreſented by the marrow, which flows from the Brain: In the genitall part is Venus ſeated; Eloquence and comlyneſſe is the effects of nimble witted Mercury, the Sun hath a neare affinity to the Heart: Benevolent Jupiter hath his ſeat in the Liver; the Fountaine of nutritive Blood: The fiery fury of Mars is lodged in the Gall: the ſpungy and hollow Milt, the ſeat and receptacle of melancholique humours, is a perfect repreſentation of the cold Planet, Saturn. Indeed the Spirits of the body, do manifeſt and hold forth the quinteſſence of all things, the four humours in man anſwer to the four Elements; choler, which is hot and dry, repreſenteth the fire, hot and moiſt blood, the aire; flegme cold and moiſt, the water; cold and dry melancholly, the Earth.

I may yet proceed further in declaring the harmony between the great and little World: the belly of man may fitly repreſent the land or maine continent: The Vena Cava the Mediteranean Sea, the Bladder, the Weſterne Sea, into which the Rivers of the body do all run & diſcharge themſelves: his mouth anſwereth to the Eaſt quarter of the World, his Fundament to the Weſt, his Navel to the South, and his Back to the North: The Body of Man you ſee, is an admirable Creature; The meaſure of all things; the pattern of the univerſe, and Epitome of the World; The horizon of Corporeall and incorporeall things: I ſhall conclude with the ſaying of Zoroaſtres, O Man! the workmanſhip of moſt powerfull nature, for it is the moſt artificiall Maſter-piece of Gods hands.

CAAP. III. A Deſcription of the Head.

THe Head of a man ſeemeth to offer it ſelfe, as the firſt thing to be conſidered; it doth poſſeſſe the higheſt place in the body, and repreſents the uppermoſt, and Angelicall region: It is the fort of mans mind, the ſeat of reaſon, the habitation of Wiſdome, the ſhop of memory, judgment, and cogitations. It containeth the Braine, cold and ſpongeous by nature, encloſed with two skinns, the one more hard and thick, joyning it ſelfe to the Braine Pan, called Dura mater; the other more thin and eaſie, wherein lieth the Braine encloſed, called pia mater; it is ſoft and tender to the Braine, and nouriſheth it, as a loving mother doth her yong and tender Babe, From Pia mater, doth iſſue the ſinews and marrow that deſcendeth and falleth down into the Reines of the Back. In the Brain, is the ſeat and throne of the rationall Soul, in which are a very great number of Veins and Arteries planted, rameſying (or branching) themſelves through all the ſubſtance thereof, adminiſtring to the Brain, both Spirit and Life, vitall and nutrimentall nouriſhment, which is raiſed, by the aforeſaid ſmall Veines and Arteries, from the Heart and Liver: and concocted, and reconcocted, elaborated, and made very ſubtill, paſſing through thoſe woven and interlaced, turning and winding paſſages, in which labyrinth the Vitall Spirit often pas;ſing and repaſſing, is perfected and refined, and becomes animall.

It is not loſt labour if we conſider, how the pia mater divideth the ſubſtance of the Braine, and lappeth it into certaine Cells or Diviſions; viz: the ſubſtance of the Braine is devided into three ventricles, of which the foremoſt containeth the moſt, the middlemoſt leſſe, the hindermoſt the leaſt. In the foremoſt part of the braine imagination is ſeated: in the middlemoſt judgment, in the hindermoſt memory: imagination is hot and dry in quality, quick and active, from whence it commeth that Frantick men, and ſuch as are ſick of hot and burning maladaies, are excellent in that which belongs to imagination: many upon ſuch a diſtemper have been excellent in poetry and divination; It never ſleepeth, alwaies working, whether the man be ſleeping or waking; and by the vapours that come from the Heart, formes variety of cogitations, which, wanting the regulation of judgment, (when man ſteepeth) becomes a dream.

Hence it appeareth that ſubtilty, promtitude, and that which they commonly call Wit, belongeth to a hot imagination. It is active, ſtiring, undertaketh all, and ſetteth all the reſt to work, it gathereth the kinds and figures of things; both preſent, by the ſervice of the five ſenſes; and abſent, by the Common ſenſe.

Judgment is ſeated in the midſt of the braine, there to beare rule over the other faculties, it is the judge of the little World, the ſeat of the rationall ſoul, and the judge of mens actions. If you would know the mean, whereby it knoweth and judgeth of things, Ariſtotle and many others have thought that the Spirit knoweth by the help of the ſenſes, and that the underſtanding without the ſenſes is but as white Paper. Nil eſt in intellectu, quod non fucritprius in ſenſu. There is nothing in the underſtanding, which is not firſt in the ſenſe.

This opinion is falſe, becauſe the ſeeds of ſcience, and virtue are inſinuated into our Spirits: elſe is the ſtate of the reſonable ſoul, worſe then the vegetative or ſenſitive which of themſelves are able to exerciſe their functions. It were abſurd to think that ſo noble and Divine a faculty, ſhould beg aſſiſtance, of ſo vile and corruptible as the ſenſes, which apprehend only the ſimple accidents, not the natures nor eſſence of things. Againe, were it ſo, it muſt follow, that they that have their ſenſes moſt perfect, ſhould be moſt witty; whereas we many times ſee the contrary.

Yet let no man think, that the Spirit hath no ſervice from the ſenſes: for in the beginning, diſcovery, and invention of things, the ſenſes do much ſervice to the Spirit: but the Spirit dependeth not upon the ſenſes.

Some are of opinion, that it is hot and moiſt in qualitie, others ſay, that a dry temperature is proper to the underſtanding, whereby it comes to poſſe, that aged perſons excell thoſe, in underſtanding, that are young, becauſe as yeares increaſe, moiſture doth decreaſe in the braine: hence it comes to paſſe that melancolique perſons, that are afflicted with want, and faſt much, are wiſe and ingenious; for heavineſſe and faſting are great driers: Splendor ſiccus, animus ſapientiſſimus: vexatio dat intellectum, heat and drouth reſineth the witt, affliction giveth underſtanding: & that is the reaſon that great perſons, that feed highly, and take little care, and ſeldom lie under vexation or affliction, for the moſt part are none of the wiſeſt. Beaſts that are of a dry temperature, as Ants, Bees, Elephants, &c: are wiſe and ingenious: on the contrary they that are of a moiſt conſtitution, are ſtupid, and without Spirit, as are Swine. Memory is ſeated in the hinder cell of the braine, as the grand accountant, or regiſter of the little world, whoſe office is to record things paſt, preſent, or to come. Some ſay its temperature is cold and dry, and that is the reaſon that melancolique people have good memoryes; others that it is moſt, becauſe Children have better memories then old men: Men are more apt for memory in the morning by reaſon of the moiſture gained by ſleep in the night: the common people do more eſteeme of memory, and delight more in it than of the other two; it maketh a great ſhew in the world, and they judge thoſe that have a good memory to be very wiſe; eſteeming more of ſcience, then of wiſdome; but of the three it is the leaſt, and that which ſooles do many times enjoy, for ſeldom is an excellent memory joyned with underſtanding and wiſdom: for their temperatures are contrary: hence comes that ill courſe in the inſtructing of youth, viz: to make them have by heart all they learn: and ſo ſtuffe & gorge memory with other mens good, and ſtarve the underſtanding. We ſee thoſe that have all Ariſtotle, and Cicero in their heads, yet are the verieſt ſots in in the world.

Many have been very excellent in this faculty, Seneca repeated 2000 names as they were firſt ſpoken; he alſo hearing 200 verſes, rehearſed them, and began at the laſt. Cyrus and Scipio knew every Souldiers name in their Armys. Mithridates learned the language of two and twenty Nations: Eſdras the Prieſt had the whole Jewiſh doctrine by heart. Julius Caeſar would dictate to four at the ſame time: and that which is more ſtrange, Pliny would dictate to one, heare an other, and read at that inſtant. As theſe were ſo excellent and acute in memory, others were as dull: Atticus could never learne the letters of the Alphabet by heart: others could not count above four: It is ſaid, that Theodore Beza two yeares before he dyed, as he languiſhed, his mind grew ſo Feeble that he forgat things preſent, yet held thoſe things, which were printed in his mind before time, when his underſtanding and memory was good. What ſhall we ſay of Meſſala Corvinus; who forgat his own name? Or Franciſcus Barbarus of Athens, a very learned man in the Greek tongue, having received a blow on his head with a ſtone, forgat his learning, which he had ſpent the greateſt part of his time upon, yet remembred all things elſe? Theſe things are brought to paſſe (without doubt) either by the ſtrength or debility of mens genitures, and from directions, and accidents thence proceeding. Witt and underſtanding, and all the faculties of the ſoul depends on a certaine temperament: and hence it comes to paſſe (and that oftentimes) that thoſe that are acute, and wiſe in ſome things, are ſtupid and dull in other ſome. But I have too far digreſſed, I muſt return to my rode againe.

CHAP. IV. Of the parts belonging to the Head.

HAving given you a briefe and generall deſcription of the Head, and of the intellective faculty of man; it is meet now to treat of the ſenſitive part, which will lead me to deſcribe the particular parts of the head.

The ſenſitive faculty hath its reſidence in the pia mater, it is that which gives virtue to all the particular ſenſes, and keeps a harmony among them: they are five in number, viz: Seeing, Hearing, Smelling, Taſting, Feeling: Although theſe are all united in one in the braine, yet operatively they are diſtinguiſhed in their feverall ſeats, and places of reſidence.

The ſight reſides in the eyes, and particularly in the Cryſtalline humor, they are two in number, and collaterall, planted in the higheſt ſtage as Centinells, they are the luminaties of the Microcoſm; Galen ſaith, the braine and the head were made for the eye, that they might be in the higheſt as a beholder in a Tower, they are next in nature unto the Soul; for in the eye is ſeen and known the diſturbances and griefes, gladneſſe and joys of the Soul, as Love, Wrath, and other Paſſions; they be compounded and made of ſeaven Tunicles or Coats, and three humours, they proceed out of the ſubſtance of the braine, and comes through the pia mater, of whoſe ſubſtance they take a panicle, to defend it from annoyance. They meet and are united into one ſinew, about halfe an inch in length, before they enter the skull, and after divided into two, each goeth into one eye, they are called Nervi Optici, the Optick Nerves, and through theſe, are brought the viſible Spirits to the eye. Theſe are the moſt noble outward parts of the body, in beautie, utilitie, mobilitie, & activity. They are to the viſage, that which the viſage is to the body, they are the face of the face; and becauſe they are tender, delicate and pretious, they are fenced and rampaird on all ſides, with skins, lids, brows, and haire. The object of the eye or ſight is colour (according to the common opinion) which is an adherent quality in bodyes, whereof there are ſix ſimple, as white, yellow, red, purple, green, and blew: the compounds are infinite; to ſpeak more fully, the true object is light; which is never without colour, and without which the colours are inviſible.

The ſenſe of Seeing excelleth all the reſt in many things; it apprehendeth farther off, and extendeth it ſelfe even to the Starrs. It is certainly reported, that Strabo had ſuch acute eyes, that from Lilybaeum, he could diſcerne ſhips, going forth of the Carthagenian Haven, and could number them, the diſtance was 135. miles. It hath more variety of objects, for to all things and generally in all, there is light and colour the objects of the eys, as I hinted before. It is moſt exquiſite; for it is moſt exact, in the leaſt & fineſt things that preſents it ſelfe. It is more prompt and ſudden, for it apprehendeth even in a moment and without motion, when the other ſenſes require motion and time. It enjoyeth a liberty incomparable to others: the eye ſeeth, or ſeeth not, and therefore hath lids to open or ſhut: it is active, all the reſt purely paſſive. But that which is moſt noble in this ſenſe is, that the privation of the object thereof, which is darkneſſe, brings feare and that naturally, becauſe then a man findeth himſelfe robbed of ſo excellent a guide: the ſight, in the light, is inſtead of company, wherein man much delighteth.

It would fill a large volume, to deſcribe the Eye in every perticular, but that which I have ſaid thereof, is ſufficient, it being not my taske to write an Anatomy. Hearing is the next ſenſe to be conſidered, whoſe reſidence is in the eares, it is in quality cold and dry, under the dominion of Saturn. They are placed on the outſide of the head, in the ſelfe ſame hight as the eyes are, as the Scouts of the body, Porters of the Spirit, the Receivers and Judgers of the ſounds, which alwayes aſcend. They have their entrance oblique and crooked, that ſo the ſound may not enter all at once, whereby the ſenſe of hearing might be hindred, and not ſoe well able to judge: and againe that the ſounds being fugitive, might there lurke, and abide under his ſhadow, till the inſtruments of hearing hath gotten poſſeſſion thereof. The Sinews that are the organs of hearing, ſpring each from the braine, and when they come to the hole of the Eare, they are writhed together; the end is like a worme or little teat, into which is received the ſound, and from thence carried, to the common witts to diſtinguiſh. The object of the eare or hearing is a ſound, or noiſe proceeding from the encounter of two bodyes: A pleſant and melodious ſound ſweetneth and appeaſeth the Spirit, conſequently the body too, and drives maladies from them both: the ſharp and penetrant, doth trouble and wound the Spirit. This ſenſe hath many ſingularities; for the ſervice of the body, the ſight is moſt neceſſary, but for the Spirit, hearing hath the ſuperiority. It is ſpirituall, the agent of underſtanding: many that have been blind, have been great and wiſe Philoſophers, but never any that were deafe. In briefe, ſcience, truth, and virtue, hath no other entrance into the Soul, but by the eare. Chriſtianity teaches that if faith cometh by hearing, which the fight doth tather hurt then help. Faith is the beliefe of thoſe things, which are not ſeen; which beliefe is acquired by hearing. For all theſe reaſons and many more that might be inſerted, the wiſeſt have ſo much commended Hearing, the pure guardian from all corruption; the health of the inward man,

Smelling is ſeated in the Noſe, governed by Mars, and is hot and dry in quality; and therefore Martiall Creatures, or ſuch as are hot and dry of conſtitution, excell in this faculty, as Doggs, &c: From the braine commeah two Sinews to the holes of the braine pan, where beginneth the concavity of the Noſe, and theſe two are the proper Organs or Inſtruments of ſmelling, they have heads like paps, into which is received the virtue of ſmelling, and preſenting it to the common ſenſe. Over theſe two Organs, is placed Colatorium, or the noſtrills, which concavity or ditch was made for two cauſes; firſt that the aire, that bringeth the Spirit of ſmelling, might reſt therein, till it were received by its proper Organs. Secondly that the excrements of the Brain might be hidden under it, till it be fitt to be ejected. From this concavity goeth two holes into the mouth, of which we may take notice of three conveniences: Firſt that when a mans mouth is cloſed, either by eating or ſleeping, that then the aire might come through them to the Lungs: elſe a man muſt be forced to hold his mouth open alwaies. Secondly they are helpfull to a mans ſpeech, for when one or both of thoſe paſſages are ſtopped, a man ſpeaketh in the Noſe, as we commonly ſay. Thirdly, they are uſefull in the cleanſing of the concavities of the noſe, either by ſnuffing, or drawing it through the mouth. The object of Smell is an odour, or ſent, which is a fume riſing from an odoriferous object, aſcending to the noſe, to the ventricles of the braine: the ſtrong and violent hurteth the braine, the temperate and good, doth rejoyce, delight and comfort. This ſenſe is oftentimes very uſefull, in diſcovering meats or drinks of an evill odour, which otherwiſe would much prejudice the ſtomach, and work evill effects in the body of man.

Much more might be ſaid, touching the ſhape and forme, matter and compoſition of the Noſe, but my deſigne is to diſtinguiſh the parts in a generall way.

The Taſte is hot and moiſt, and under the influence of Jupiter; this Senſe hath its reſidence in the pallat of the mouth, and tongue. Its office is to diſcerne what food is congruous to the ſtomach, and what not. The skin of the palate of the mouth is the ſame, with the inward part of the ſtomach; and the ſame with the way of the meat into the ſtomack; and hence it cometh to paſſe, that when a man is touched upon the Pallat of the mouth, it tickleth the ſtomach, and ſo much the nearer to the throat, ſo much more the ſtomach abhorreth. The object of Taſting is a ſavour or ſmack, whereof there are ſix ſimple kinds; as Sweet, Sowre, Sharp, Tart, Salt, Bitter; the compounds are many. And being led to the mouth, it is not a miſſe, if I ſpeak a few words to the compoſition thereof. In the mouth, are five parts to be conſidered; the Lips, the Teeth, the Tongue, the Uvula, the Pallat of the mouth; of the which I have already ſpoken: A word or two of the reſt. The lips are made of a muſculous fleſh, their office is, firſt, as the doore to the Houſe to keep the mouth cloſe, till the meat be chewed, Secondly they help to pronounce the ſpeech. The Teeth the hardeſt members, faſtned into the mandible; their office is firſt to grind the meat before it goeth into the ſtomack, that ſo it may the better digeſt; Secondly, that it might be a help to the ſpeech, for they that want any of their Teeth are defective therein. The number is uncertaine, ſome have more, ſome have leſſe; they, who have their full number have thirty and two. The tongue is a carnuous member, compound and made of many Nerves, Ligaments, Veins and Arteries, ordained principally for three cauſes: Firſt that when a man eateth, the tongue might turne the meat, in the mouth, till it be chewed. Secondly by the Tongue, and the Pallat of the mouth neer the root of the tongue, is received the taſt of ſweet or ſower, and thence preſented to the common ſenſes to paſſe judgment thereof. Thirdly and principally the tongue is ordained for the pronunciation of ſpeech, of which faculty I muſt crave leave to inſiſt on, and that as briefly as may be. Speech is an excellent preſent, and very neceſſary; given only unto man, animi index & ſpeculum: it is the interpreter and image of the ſoul; the hearts meſſenger: the gate, through which doth paſſe all that lyeth within the darke and hidden corners of man; by this the Spirit becomes viſible. Of all the externall and viſible parts of the body that, which cometh neareſt to the heart is the root therof; & that which cometh neereſt the thoughts is ſpeech, Out of the aboundance of the Heart the mouth ſpeaketh. It is a powerfull Mafter, an Imperious Commander; it ſtirreth up, animateth, exaſperateth, appeaſeth, maketh ſad, merry, it imprinteth what ever paſſion it handleth: feedeth the ſoul of the hearer; it maketh him bluſh, wax pale, laugh, cry, tremble, mad with choler, leap for joy, what not? It is the great huckſter, and intermedler, by it we traffick, peace is handled, affaires are managed, it is the band of humane ſociety: hearing and ſpeech anſwer, and are accommodated the one to the other: by theſe two the ſouls are poured the one into the other: ſo that if theſe two gates be ſhut, (as it is in thoſe that are deaſe and dumbe) the Spirit remaineth ſolitary and miſerable. Hearing is the gate to enter; by it the Spirit receiveth all things from without: ſpeech is the gate to go out, through it the Spirit ſendeth forth that which was within. From the communication of theſe two, as from the ſtroke of two flints, there cometh forth the fire of truth; and ſo by the poliſhing and rubbing of theſe two, knowledge cometh to perfection. But Hearing is the firſt and principall, for there can nothing come forth, which hath not firſt entered; and therefore he that is deaſe altogether by nature, is alſo dumbe.

I might much more enlarge my ſelfe in the deſcription of the Head: but my purpoſe being to declare nothing, but what may be pertinent in the manifeſtation of the humaine faculties and virtues; I ſhall conclude this Chapter with a word or two of the ſenſe of Feeling which is of no particular quality, but of all, hot, cold, dry and moiſt, it is deputed to no particular Organ, but is ſpread abroad over the whole body: it is the Index of all tangible things: its object then muſt be heat or cold, dryth or moiſture; things pleaſant and polite, ſharp and ſmatting, motion, reſt, tickling. It is well known that man, and other Creatures live without ſome particular ſenſe; It is the opinion of moſt, that a man cannot live without this ſenſe of Feeling, being only neceſſary unto life: yet Auguſtine proveth the contrary, in the 14. book de Civitate dei; by example of a Presbyter, that lay as though he were dead, and did not feele thoſe, that pulled him, nor would he ſtirre, though they burned him with fire, yet he confeſſed that he could then he are men ſpeak, (if they ſpake aloud) as though they were far from him; by which it appeares, that this he did, not by reſiſting, but for want of the ſenſe of feeling which afterward was reſtored to him againe: I ſhall paſſe by, what the Engliſh Hiſtory relates of one Elizabeth Barton, a maid of Canterbury who oftentimes was deprived of her ſenſes, by reaſon of a diſeaſe ſhe had.

I ſhall alſo wave diſputes, concerning the number of the ſenſes, ſome ſuppoſing there are no more in nature then are apparent in us. There may very well be more, yet greatly to be doubted that there are; it is impoſſible for us to know them, to affirme them, or to deny them, becauſe a man ſhall never know the want of that ſenſe, which he never had, one ſenſe cannot diſcover another; and if a man want one by nature, yet he knows not which way to affirme it. A man that is born blind, and hath not heard what ſight is; cannot conceive that he ſeeth not, nor deſire to ſee. So man, being not able to imagine more then the five that he hath, cannot know how to judge, whether there be more in nature, who knoweth whether the difficulties, that we find in many of the works of nature; and the effects of many Creatures, which we cannot underſtand, do proceed from the want of ſome ſenſe that we have not? There are hidden properties, which we ſee in many things; and a man may ſay that there are ſenſible faculties in nature, proper to judge, and apprehend them, yet muſt conclude, we have them not: who knoweth whether it be ſome particular ſenſe, that diſcovereth the houre of midnight to the Cock, and moves him to crow; or how beaſts are taught, to chooſe certaine heaths for their cure, and many ſuch like wonders? None can affirme or deny, ſay, This it is, or that it is.

CHAP. V. Of the Stomach and its faculties.

THe Stomach is a member, compound and Spermatick, Sinewy and ſenſible, wherein is made the perfect firſt digeſtion of Chile; It is a neceſſary member to the body, for if it ſaile in lts operation, the whole Fabrick is corrupted. It is in the little world, the ſame as the terreſtriall Globe is in the great world: In it, is expreſſed the ſublunary part of the world; in it, are contained the parts that ſerve for nutrition, concoction, and procreation. And this leads me to diſcourſe of the adminiſtring vertues in man, which are here ſeated; and to wind up all with a touch of the office of the Microcoſmicall Stars, with as much brevitie as may be. The Stomach is framed of two pannicles, the outer is Carneous, the inner Nerveous, from which is ſtretched to the mouth Iſofagus, or the way of the meat, by which the ſtomach draweth to it ſelfe meat, and drink, as with hands. By the virtue of the ſubtill will, which is in this Muſculus Longitudinall, is made the attractive virtue: which is hot and dry; by a quality active, or principall, which appeares by the Sun, the Fountaine of all heat, which is of an attractive quality, which is evident by his attracting, and exhaling the humidity from this inferiour Globe, into the airy region, as into the neck or higher part of an Alimbeck; and being reſolved into water, (by reaſon of their weight) fall down againe upon the earth, which is the veſſel receiving: So through continued diſtillations, by ſublimation of the water, by cohobation; by drawing of the liquor, being often powred on, and fortified by the influence of the Celeſtiall, and Centrall Sun, the body becomes indued, with a concoctive, nutritive, and procreative virtue. So in the Stomach, by the active qualitie of the Microcoſmicall Sun, his benevolent rayes, and freindly heat, meat and drink is deſired, and attracted into the ſtomach, for the nouriſhment of the whole body.

We can do no leſſe then give Mars a ſhare in the dominion of the attractive faculty, being hot and dry by nature, this is reaſon: experience telleth us that Martiall men, or men of a Cholerick conſtitution, are none of the worſt trencher-men; and at the pot incomparable.

In the Stomach is a Tranſverſe Muſcle, to withhold or make retention: by this retentive virtue, thoſe things that are brought into the Stomach, are kept and withholden, untill nature hath wrought his kind, and every faculty hath executed his office. It is in quality cold and dry, cold becauſe the nature of cold is to compreſſe, or hold together, as you may ſee in Ice: dry, becauſe it is the nature of drineſſe, to keep and hold what is compreſſed. It is under the influence of Saturn, and that is the reaſon, why, for the moſt part, men that are cold and dry of temperature, or, as Aſtrologers ſay, Saturnine people, are covetous and tenacious: and that is the reaſon, that old men, are naturally covetuous, becauſe Saturn ruleth old age; and by the decay of nature, the temperature becomes cold and dry.

It hath the Spleen, the repreſentative of Saturn, lying toward the left ſide, and furniſheth the Stomach, with humours neceſſary to fortifie the retentive virtue.

The digeſtive faculty, (which is the chiefe and moſt principall, (the other, like hand-Maids, attending it) is hot and moiſt; Natures, Cooke, and principall workman, the Archaeus, and centrall fire, which in this Philoſophicall Veſſell, viz: the Stomach, digeſteth the victualls into a Chaos, or confuſed Maſſe, that ſo a naturall ſeparation may be made. It is under the influence of Jupiter, who furniſheth it with freindly heat and moiſture, by the Liver, (the Microcoſmicall Jupiter) chaſing and beating the right ſide of the Stomach.

The Stomach hath alſo a Latitudinall Muſcle or will, which makes the expulſive faculty: It is naturally cold & moiſt, cold to compreſſe the ſuperfluity, moiſt to make the matter ſlippery and fit for ejection, alſo to work a ſutable diſpoſition in the body. It is a neceſſary operation, by it, after the ſeperation of the pure from the impure, the Elements from the Caput Mortuum, or rather foeces; is removed, and carried away all that is needleſſe or prejudiciall to nature. It is under the dominion of the Moon, (with whom you may joyne Venus, being of the ſame nature) whoſe Epitome, or Microcoſmicall ſubſtitute, viz: the braine, ſendeth a branch of Nerves to the Stomach, and thereby furniſheth it with humours cold and moiſt, fit for expulſion.

I ſhall now haſten, to give you a ſhort deſcription of the Heart, Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys, &c.

CHAP. VI. Of the Heart.

I Now come to ſpeak breifly of the Heart, who is the principall of all other members, and the beginning of life, he is ſet in the mid'ſt of the Breaſt, by himſelfe as Lord and King of all the Members. And, as a Lord or King ought to be ſerved of his ſubjects, that have their living of him; ſo are all the Members of the body, ſubjects of the Heart: they receive their living from him, and in many wayes they do him ſervice. He is the ſame in the little world, as the Sun that glorious Lampe of Heaven is in the great world. It is called Sol Corporis, as the Sun is called Cor Coeli, becauſe their operations are ſo like. The vitall Spirit hath its reſidence here; why then ſhould antiquity with ignominy be brought to the Barr, and condemned, for ſaying the Heart lives firſt, and dyes laſt: he being the Fountaine and beginning of life, it muſt needs follow, that it is the firſt thing in man that lives, and the laſt that dyes.

Here is to be noted that the heart hath blood in his ſubſtance, whereas all other members have it in their Veines and Arteries. It is bound to the back part of the breaſt by certaine Ligaments, which Ligaments though they touch not the ſubſtance of the Heart; yet in the over part they ſpring forth of him; By which he appeares to be King of the members, and Center of the Mocrocoſmicall planetary Hiarchy.

Moreover the Heart hath two Ventricles or Concavities, and the left is higher than the right; the cauſe of its hollowneſſe, s to keep the blood for his nouriſhing: and •… e to abate and temper the great heat which is included, and ſhut up in the Concavityes.

As he is Sol Corporis, and Center of the reſt of the members, and ruler of the family, he communicates to them Life and Motion: yet by his heat he attracts what is needfull for himſelfe, from the other members as a ſubſidy or tax impoſed upon his ſubjects. And therefore to the right Ventricle of the Heart, cometh a Veine from the great Veine called Venakells, which receiveth all the ſubſtance of the blood from the Liver; this Veine I ſay paſſeth from Venakelis to the right ventricle of the Heart, and bringeth a great portion of the thickeſt and pureſt blood to nouriſh the Heart. The reſidue that is left of this, is made more ſubtill through the virtue and heat of the Heart, and then ſent into a concavitie or pit in the midſt of the Heart, between the two Ventricles: therein it is made more hot, and pure; and from thence it paſſeth to the beſt Ventricle, and there is engendred in it a Spirit, that is clearer, brighter and ſubtiller, then any Corporeall or bodily thing, which is engendered of the four Elements; for it is a mean between the Body and the Soul: Wherefore of the Philoſophers it is likned more to heavenly than earthly things.

And here I ſhall taket leave to digreſſe, and tell you of ſome things wonderfull, touching the Heart: If we credit Avicenna. Some have wanted a Heart: and to this purpoſe I could recite other mens opinions; but I ſhall not trouble the readers head with ſuch things, which ſeem to my ſelfe impoſſible. Valerius Maximus ſpeaketh of one Ariſtomanes Meſſenius, who killed 300. Lacedemonians, who had a hairy Heart. Beneventus reports the ſame of a certaine thiefe. Columbus obſerved a young man that wanted the pericardium, (which is a thin skin involving the Heart as in a purſe) and he was much troubled with ſwoonding fits. It hath been the opinion, that a man cannot live a moment ſcarſely, who hath received a wound in the Heart: And good reaſon too, ſeeing the life depends upon the ſafety of the Spirits, the Heart being the ſhop and making thereof; when the Heart is wounded, it is neceſſary that the generation of the Spirits ceaſe. Yet Nicol. Malerius relates a Hiſtory of one Andreas Haſevanger, who was one of the Lifeguard of Count William of Naſſaw governour of Friſia, &c. who received a wound in the Breaſt by his fellow Souldier, Anno 1607. on the 22 of Auguſt, in the evening, and died the 8th. of Septemper following, one houre after Sunriſing; his body being opened to ſearch for the wound, by the aforenamed Nicol. Malerius, and two other Chirurgions, in the preſence of ſeverall Souldiers of note; they found that the wound had entered the right cavity of the Heart, and that part of the Heart was almoſt conſumed; the left part remaining entire, which is the cheife habitation of the vitall ſpirits. By this meanes he lived 16 dayes, which had been imposſible; if the left ventricle had been wounded.

But to proceed; from the left Ventricle of the Heart, ſpringeth two Arteries, the one having but one Coat, and therefore is called Arteria Venalis, which carryeth blood from the Heart to the Lungs, which blood is vaporous, and fit for its nouriſhment; and carrieth back aire from the Lungs to refreſh the Heart,

See here the Harmony and freindly Agreement between the Microcoſmicall Sun and Mercury; the firſt affordeth of his own nutriment to nouriſh the other, whilſt the other rewards him with aire to refreſh him. The other Arterie hath two Coats, it is called Vena Arterialis, or the great Arterie, of which ſpringeth all the other Arteries, that ſpread to every member of the body, which carieth the Spirits, which are the treaſures of the Souls virtue. Thus it paſſeth till it come to the braine, and be made an animall Spirit, as you have heard before in the third Chapter; at the Liver it is made nutrimentall; and at the Teſticles generative. Thus by the Heart is made a Spirit of every kind, and (like the Sun in the Heavens) by his royall preſence, he doth conferre life and liberty to his ſuppliants.

I might here tell you, why theſe Arteries have two coats, namely becauſe one is not ſufficient, to withhold the vitall Spirits, carried in them, their motion being ſo violent. Againe the thing carried about being ſo precious a treaſure, it had need of the better keeping. This Arterie is called the pulſative Veine. I might here frame a large diſcourſe of the pellicles of the Heart, which open and ſhut to receive the blood: Alſo the two little eares by whom commeth in and paſſeth out the aire: I might ſay much of the pannicles, which as ſome think have their originall from dura mater, as namely, pericardium, called of ſome Capſula Cordis, which ſpringeth of the upper pannicle of the Midriffe, and covereth the Heart: of the which ſpringeth another called Mediaſtinum, which parteth the breaſt in the mid'ſt, and keepeth that the Lungs fall not over the Heart, (ſuch a rule, hath the Architect Spirit given to each part (as Starrs to move in their ſeverall Orbs) There is another pannicle that covereth the ribs, of whom the Midriffe taketh its beginning. But this being beyond my intended ſcope, I will put an end to this Chapter of the Heart.

CHAP. VII. Of the Lungs, Liver, &c.

THe Lungs is made of a ſubſtance very ſoft and ſpongeous; ſupple, to draw and to inforce from, like a paire of bellows: it is an inſtrument of reſpiration, whereby the heart is refreſhed, drawing unto it the blood, the Spirits and the aire, and disburthening it ſelfe of thoſe fumes and excrements, which oppreſſe it, It is naturally cold and dry, accidentally cold and moiſt: naturally cold and dry waying about the Heart, abateing his beat, by its refreſhing blaſt; it is accidentally moiſt, by reaſon of Catarhs and Rhewmes, which it receiveth from the Braine.

There are three principall parts in the Lungs conſiderable, one is a Veine coming from the Liver, which bringeth with it, the crude and undigeſted part of the Chile to feed the Lungs. Another is Arteria Venialis, coming from the Heart, bringing the Spirit of life to nouriſh the Lungs. The third is Trachia Arteria, that bringeth aire to the Lungs, and it paſſeth through all the left part of them to do its office.

The Lungs is divided into the five portions or pellicles, three on the right ſide, and two on the left ſide; if in caſe any impediment or hurt ſhould happen any in one part, the other ſhould be ready to ſupply the office.

But I forbeare any further deſcription of the Lungs, and come to the Liver, which is a principall member, in the little world, repreſenting the Planet Jupiter, Quaſi juvans pater, hot and moiſt, inclining towards the right ſide, under the ſhort ribs. The forme of the Liver is Gibbous or Bunchy on the back ſide; on the other ſide hollow like the inſide of an hand: that it might be pliable to the ſtomach; (as a mans hand is to an apple or any thing that is round,) to further its digeſtion: for his heat is to the Stomach, as the heat of a fire is to the pot which hangeth over it. It is the Store-houſe of the blood, the Fountaine of the Veines, the ſeat of the naturall nouriſhing faculty, or vegetative ſoul, ingendred of the Blood of that Chile which it draweth from the Meſeraique Veins, and receiveth by the Vena porta which entereth into the concavities thereof, and afterwards is ſent and diſtributed through the whole body by the help of Vena Cava, which ariſeth from the bunch or branches thereof, which are in great numbers as the Rivers from the Ocean.

The naturall and nutrimentall faculty hath its reſidence in the Liver, and is diſperſed through the whole body, with the Veins, from which are bred four perticular humours, viz: Blood, Choller, Flegme, and Melancholly.

It is ſo excellent and neceſſary a member, that I dare not give credit to their opinions who ſay it may be wanting in a man; as ſome ſay it was in one Mathias Ortelius a Merchant in Antwerp.

Blood is made of meat perfectly concocted, in quality hot and moiſt, Jupiters darling, the moſt perfect and neceſſary humour, (the other three being ſuperfluities, yet neceſſary too). The blood thus concocted, is drawn out by the Vena cava, whoſe branches ramefying upwards and downwards, carrieth and conveigheth it to all other members of the body, for their nouriſhment, where, by a third digeſtion, it is tranſmuted into the fleſh.

Choller is made of meat more then perfectly concocted, it is the ſpume or froth of blood: it clarifieth all the humours, heats the body, nouriſheth the apprehenſion. It is in quality hot and dry; it fortifieth the attractive faculty, as blood doth the digeſtive; it moveth man to activity and valour, it is under the planet Mars, whoſe reſidence is in the Gall: which is an officiall member, a purſe or pannicular veſicle, placed in the hollowneſſe of the Liver, whoſe office is to receive the Cholerick ſuperfluities, which are engendered in the Liver as aforeſaid. Which Purſe or Bagge hath three holes or necks; by the firſt it draweth to it ſelfe the choler from the Liver, that ſo the blood be not hurt by the choller. By the ſecond it ſendeth choller to the bottome of the Stomach, to fortifie the attractive faculty. And laſtly it ſendeth choller regularly to every gut, from one gut to another, to clenſe them from ſuperſluities and droſſe.

Flegme is made of meat not perfectly digeſted, it fortifieth the virtue expulſive (what it is, and what tho other faculties are, you have heard in the fifth Chapter) and maketh the body fit for ejection, it is kind to, and fortifieth the Braine by its conſimilitude with it, it is antipatheticall to the apprehenſion, and doth much injure it, therefore flegmatick perſons have but weak apprehenſions; It is cold and moiſt in quality, its receptacle is in the Lungs, it is governed by the Moon and Venus: Therefore it qualifies choller, cooles and moiſteneth the Heart, (as you heard before in the deſcription of the Lungs) thereby ſuſtaining it and the whole body, from the fiery effects, which continuall motion would produce.

Melancholly is the ſedement of blood, it is cold and dry inquality: it maketh men ſober, ſolid and ſtaid, fit for ſtudy, or any ſerious emploiment: It curbs the unbridled toys and fooleries incident to the ſanguine complexion: it ſtayeth wandering and idle thoughts, and reduceth them home to the Centre: It is like a grave Counſeller to the whole body. It is governed by the Planet Saturn, it ſtrengtheneth the retentive faculty, and its receptacle is in the ſpleen, which in the body is placed on the beſt ſide, tranſverſly linked to the Stomach.

Hollerius reports that a woman at Paris, was found without a Spleen: And Pliny, in his naturall Hiſtory, ſaith that in Cawnus men are born without it: and hence the common people thought, that it might be ſafely cut out of Footmen and Horſes, and as it hath been wanting in ſome, ſo it hath abounded in others: Fallopius obſerved three that lay one upon another. One was ſeen ſo great that it weighed above 20 pounds, Colum. Anatom.

Another had a Milt weighed 23, pound. Where it increaſeth, the body decreaſeth, becauſe it ſucks away too much Chilus from the Liver. Therefore fitly did Trdjan liken the Spleen to the Treaſury; for as that groweth rich, the common people grow poore: So, as the Spleen encreaſeth, the other parts decay.

CHAP. VIII. Of the Reines and Kidneys.

NOw I come to a few words of the Reines and Kidneys, which are placed within the region of the Nutrites, backward; and they are ordained to cleanſe the blood from the watry ſuperfluities: They have two paſſages; by the one is drawn the water from Venakelis by two Veines, which are called Venae emulgentes, the Emulgent Veines, and by the other is ſent the ſame water to the Bladder, and this is called Poros Urithedes.

The Kidneys are made of a hard ſubſtance, and full of hard concavities, and therefore the ſores of them are hard to cure, they are harder in ſubſtance then any other fleſhy member, and that for two cauſes; the firſt is that they be not much hurt by the ſharpneſſe of the Urine.

The other is, that the Urine that paſſeth from them, might be the better cleanſed by them. The Heart ſendeth an Artery to convey to them blood, heat, Spirit and Life. And from the Liver there commeth a Veine, which bringeth nutriment to all blood. Their fatneſs is as of the other members, made of thin blood congealed and cradded by cold; there is ordained the greater quantity in this place, becauſe it ſhould temper the heat of the Kidneys, which they have of the biting ſharpneſſe of the Urine.

The next thing that offereth it ſelfe to our conſideraon is the Bladder, which is compounded of two nerveous panicles, in complexion it is cold and dry, whoſe neck is carnous and hath two Muſcles to withhold and to let go: in man it is long and is contained with the yard paſſing through peritoneum, but in women it is ſhorter, and is contained with the Vulva, the place of the Bladder is between the ſhare bone and Longaon, (commonly called the Arſe Gut). In women it is between the aforeſaid bone and the Matrix. In the Bladder is implanted the Ureters, which bring the Urine or water from the Kidneys thither; and privily entereth into the holes and pannicles thereof, which is don by a naturall motion between Tunicle, and Tunicle; till the Urine findeth the hole of the nether Tunicle, where it entereth privily into the concavity. And the more the Bladder is filled with Urine, the ſtreighter be the pannicles compreſſed together: The holes be not ſet one againſt the other, ſo that if the bladder be never ſo full, none can go back againe,

This is the Micocroſmicall Ocean, into which all the Rivers of the body diſcharge themſelves. There muſt needs be more then a watry ſubſtance in it: for many times in dileaſes, it is plentifully made, though the patient drinketh little or nothing. And it is obſerved that Creatures that drink nothing will make water. Phyſitians oftentimes foretell many things by their colour, thinneſſe, and thickneſſe. Salt you know is hid in meats, and that plants have very much Salt in them, you may find by diſtilling them: And it is very well known, that, by the Chymicall art, many kinds of Salt may be fetched out of Urines. The artificiall Chryſocolla is made of Urine. Nitre is made of earth moiſtned with the Urine and Dung of living Creatures. The Urine hath a ſympatheticall relation to the conſtitution of the body. The Arabians ſay, among the reſt Abenzoar, that a man that is bitt with a mad dogge, in his Urine the picture of Doggs may be ſeen: but this is attributed to the force of the Venome, which changeth a mans conſtitution, and maketh it like to a dogs. Sennert us himſelfe ſaith, that it doth ſo much corrupt the humours, that little Creatures like Puppies are bred in the body. If we credit the writings of wiſe, honeſt, and learned men (which not to do were uncharitable) we ſhall find, that wormes and many kinds of living Creatures have been bred in the Bladder: We read of a Woman that voided one, that way, a ſpan long; and a Maid, many as big as Woodlice. One voided one like a Magpye, another who had the Stone in the Bladder, voided two with Horns, ſharp head, back and belly cruſty, black, and like a Tortoiſe, only their belleys were red. Another voided a living Scorpion, and another ſhell-fiſh. The paſſage of the Urine from the Bladder, all know; yet ſometimes men are known to void their Urine another way. The Son of one Boninus urined, a little beneath the Glans. A maid at the Hague of a noble family, made water at her Navell. One, by an Ulcer on his Buttock, and another by the Belly. For my own part I have known two young men, who urined between the Teſticles and the Fundament: read Fernelius. l. 6. c. 13. who affirme the ſame thing. I need not tell you that ſtones are bred in the Urine of a faeculent matter, mingled with Salt and ſtony juice ſomtimes ſmall, and ſometimes great, of ſeverall ſhapes and forms: ſometimes, like the Sea ſand, ſomtimes like peebles, ſomtimes like Salt, and ſomtimes they are found ragged and branching, lively and excellently reſembling the ſtock and branches of Corall: few or none are ignorant of this. Thus have I, with as much brevity as may be, deſcribed this Microcoſmicall Ocean.

CHAP. IX. Of the Generative parts.

I Shall herein uſe as much brevity as may be; and ſhall write nothing, but with a mind that is modeſt, and with ſuch a mind, I deſire, it may be read. The inſtruments of generation are of two ſorts, Male, and Female; their uſe is the procreation of mankind; the operation is by action and paſſion: the Agent is the ſeed, the patient the blood. Although this cometh to be ſpoken of in the laſt place, yet it might have deſervedly been put in the firſt; for nature regards not only the conſervation of its ſelfe, but to beget its like, and conceive its ſpecies. Venus hath the principall government of the members of generation; In which members there are many parts conſiderable, but I ſhall only epitomize them.

Firſt of the genitalls of men: The firſt thing to the conſidered is, that which Anatomiſts call, vaſa preparantia: or preparing veſſells, which bring blood and vitall Spirits to the Stones: they are fout in number, & before they come to the ſtones, they make a curious implication, intertexture, or twiſting the one with the other, the Arteries into the Veins, and the Veines into the Arteries: which Phyſitians call Corpus Varicoſum; ſome call it Pampiniformis. This interweaving reacheth down even into the ſubſtance of the ſtones; their uſe is to mix the blood and vitall ſpirit together, that ſo the Stones may have a fit matter to work on.

The Teſticles or Stones are of a white ſoft and ſpungy ſubſtance, full of ſmall Veines and Arteries; or elſe, when humours flow to them, they could not ſwell to ſuch a bigneſſe: their form is Ovall of their bigneſs, few are ignorant. Each ſtones hath a Muſcle which the learned call Cremaſter, which ſerveth to pull up the ſtones in the act of Generation; as its name in the Greek ſignifieth that ſo the veſſells being flockned, may better avoid the ſeed.

The ſeed being throughly concocted by the Teſticles or Stones, there are two other ſmall pipes, called vaſa deferentia, they are alſo called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , ſpermatick pores: their office is to carry the ſeed to the ſeminary veſſells, who are to keep it till need requireth its expulſion. From the ſtones they ariſe, very neare to the preparing veſſells, into the cavity of the belly; then turning back again, they turne to the backſide of the bladder, between it and the right gut. There they are joyned to the ſeminall Veſſells, which are ſoft and ſpungy, ſomwhat like kernells, through which paſſeth the Urethra, or common paſſage in the yard both for ſeed and Urine.

Hiſtories make mention, and experience evidenceth; that ſome are borne without ſtones, ſome with one Philip, Landgrave of Haſſia, had three: he was ſo full of ſeed, and prone to Venerious actions, that his Wife could not ſuffer him ſo often as neceſſity urged him to it; he otherwiſe being chaſt and honeſt: He relating his mind to the Prieſts, with the conſent of his Wife, took a Concubine.

It would be too tedious, if I ſhould take upon me to deſcribe the yard, and all the parts thereof, it would make my book ſwell too big, and I ſhould run beyond my firſt intention, viz: only to give a breife touch of the moſt conſiderable parts.

I now come to the Generative parts of women: and ſhall be ſilent in what is viſible, and declare only the internall parts for brevity ſake, and firſt of the Clytoris, which is a ſinewy and hard body, much like the yard of a man, and ſuffers erection and falling; cauſeth luſt in women, and giveth delight in copulation. Avicenna calleth it the Wand, or Albathara, and Albucaſis calleth it Tentigo: and Fallopius ſaith, that this hath ſomtimes grown ſo bigg, that women would copulate with others like men. This obſerve, that the paſſage of the Urine is not through the neck of the Wombe: Near the paſſage of the Urine are four Caruncles or fleſhy knobs, they are called Myrtiformes, becauſe they reſemble Myrtleberryes. The uppermoſt of them is largeſt and forked, to receive the neck of the paſſage of the Urine: the other lye below this on the ſides, and are to keep back the aire or any hurtfull thing from the Womb. In Virgins, theſe knobs are joyned together by a thin skin, interlated with many ſmall Veins, with a hole in the middle, about the bigneſſe of ones little finger, through which paſſeth the menſtruous blood: This skin is a note of Virginity: for the firſt act of copulation breaketh it. I believe that this was that note of Virginity which God gave to the Hebrews: Theſe knobs joyned together do much reſemble a Roſe not quite blown, therefore called a flower, thence came the word to deflower a Virgin. If I ſhould take upon me to declare the opinions of Authors, it would prove (almoſt) an endleſſe taske: This I ſhall add, that I conceive it not a certaine note of Virginity, becauſe it may be broken without the act of copulation, as namely by applying of peſſaries, to provoke the Menſtrues, or by a defluxion of ſharpe humours, &c: but 'tis probable that the Jewiſh Virgins were more chary of it, their reputation depending thereon.

The Wombe in figure is almoſt perfectly round, in Virgins about the bign eſſe of a walnut, yet when a woman is conceived with Child, it dilates it ſelfe to ſuch a capacity that it is able to containe the Child; the mouth of it no bigger then to receive the Glans of the Gard: yet at the delivery makes roome for the Child to come out be it never ſo big. This made Galen admire, and it may be a great admiration to all: If we conſider the wonderfull works of God in the Creation of man. He who knows himſelfe may know there is an All powerful God. And therefore it was engraven with letters of Gold, over the Porch of the Temple of Apollo, the God (according to the Panims) of knowledge and wiſdome, this ſentence, Know thy ſelfe, as a ſalutation unto all, ſignifying, that he that would have acceſſe unto that Divinity, and enterance into that Temple, muſt firſt know Himſelfe.

But I returne to my intended diſcourſe: The Womb before conception is ſmall, becauſe the Seed, being but little in quantity, might be cloſe embraced and cheriſhed. It hath but one cavity, though it is the common, approved opinion, that it hath ſeaven Cells, and of this opinion was Galen, the truth is the matrix in women differ much from beaſts, and Galen never ſaw a woman Anatomized.

Women have Teſticles or Stones as men have, but they differ from mens in theſe particulars. They are within the Belly in women, in men without. They are not ſo ſmooth in women, as in men. They are leſſe then the Stones of men. They are not ſtaid by muſcies, but by Ligaments. As men's are Ovall, theirs are flatiſh. They have but one skin, mens have four, becauſe they are without the body, and expoſed to the cold. They are more ſoft, and colder then mens are.

But they are ordained both in men and women for the ſame uſe, viz: to concoct ſeed: and though Ariſtotle denyed ſeed in women, yet Hippocrates, one of the Antients of Phyſick was of this judgment: reaſon and experience confirmeth it.

The vaſa praeparantia, the preparing Veſſells, & vaſa deferentia, carrying Veſſells, are of the ſame nature, and office as they are in men: They differ only in this, that they are ſomwhat ſhorter, having a ſhorter way to go, the Teſticles being with in the Belly in women: but leſt the ſhortneſſe of the paſſage ſhould hinder their operation, God and nature hath ſo provided, that they are more twiſted and interweaved than they are in men, that they may the better mingle the blood and vitall Spirit, as you have heard before.

CHAP. X. The Concluſion.

THus have I given you a breife deſcription of Man, the maſterpiece of Gods workmanſhip; I have only given you an Epitome or Breviary of him, who is a ſmall draught of all things, in the univerſe: ſhould any attempt a particular deſcription of the body and faculties of man, he would fall ſhort in his expectation; it being an Herculean taske, for the moſt acute Genius: This I will adde, not to ſay that the world would not containe the books, that might be written of him, the life of man would be too ſhort to perfect it. Not to recapitulate, what I have formerly delivered; In man, as in a perſpective glaſſe, may our Mother Earth, with her innumerable of ſpring, be diſcovered; in him may the unruly, and reſtleſſe waves of the Ocean be delineared. Nor doth he only epitomize the Elementall world, but alſo the Celeſtiall: In him are diſcovered the prudent majeſticall, ſumptuous, magnificent, honourable, affable, and humane, So lar quality. The unſtedfaſt, timerous, ſoon-daunted, oftchanging, and ſhifting temper among men, anſwer to the various motions of the low and oft-changing Luna. Others in profoundity of imagination, reſervedneſſe of words, auſterity of actions, &c: are a fit pourtrait of the melancholly Planet Saturn. There are yet a few in the world, who are faithfull Lovers of faire dealing, beneficient to all men doing glorious, honourable, and religious actions; juſt, wiſe, prudent, vertuous, &c: of the temper of Benevolent Jupiter. There are (in our apprehenſions) too many of the martiall temper, who are Valiant, Lovers of Warr, frays, and commotions, ſubject to no reaſon, bold, confident, willingly obeying no body, &c: Nor is Venus excluded thoſe peoples affections, who love mirth in words and actions, muſicall, delighting in Venery, drinking, and merry meetings: who trouble not themſelves with State-affaires, nor are inquiſitive after Armys or Navys, unleſſe they bring good News from the Canaries. Nor is Mercury without his party among us, who are ſubtill & politick, excellent diſputants and Logicians, ſharp witted, and able to learn any thing, men of unwearied fancys, and ſit for any employment, yet unconſtant. The Planetary influence in the good or ill diſpoſition of the aire, is lively repreſented in man. A healthy ſanguine conſtitution, or a delicate compoſure of heat and moiſture; anſwer to a ſerene temperate aire, with ſeaſonable moiſtening dews, and ſhowers, which are the ſweet influence of the Sun, Jupiter and Venus. The feaveriſh, hot and parching diſtempers of the body, anſwer to the hot and ſcorching weather occaſioned by the fiery beams of Mars. Nor is the cold, chilly, melancholly, weeping, and lamenting diſpoſition of many people, leſſe repreſented by the melancholly, dark cold and wet weather proceeding from Saturus influx. I could much dilate, but I forbear. The intellectuall world hath alſo in man its portraiture: witneſſe the ſoaring contemplations of the Soul of man: which cannot (like the body) be confined to any place, but in a moment, ſurrounds this terreſtiall Globe: nor there content, but aſſoon mounts it ſelfe to the Heavens, and ſearcheth their ſecret corners: nor there ſatisfied till he comes to the higheſt, for by his contemplations, (having his Originall from the uncreated light) he reflects thither, viz: to the divine Majeſty. To conclude, God hath made all things in man; he hath made all things for man; for mans ſake he made himſelfe man, to redeem man to himſelfe: to whom be all honour, glory and praiſe for ever.

The End of the firſt Book.
The Second Book.
CHAP. I. Of the Nature of Phyſick, and the Office of a Phyſician.

GOd in his Power, having created all things; in his Wiſdom, by Nature, governeth and preſerveth them all: by her, are the variable motions, and revolutions of the Sun, Moon, and Stars harmonically preſerved: in her hands, are the mutations and Cataſtrophes of times: ſhe is the moderator of the ſourging Ocean: This immenſity of things ſhe governeth in a certain, and immutable order. There is nothing in the univerſe, but yeilds obedience to this Law: whatever are contained in the Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral Kingdoms, are wiſely governed, and providenially preſerved, by the Will of the Divine Architector, in the Government of Nature.

But to ſteer our courſe nearer to our intention; the little world, or body of man, is ſubject to natures government whoſe Deputy or Repreſentative is Phyſick; Naturae legibus eſſe medicinae leges conſentaveas: The Laws of phyſick are agreeable to the Laws of Nature: Phyſick imitates Nature, its deſign is to preſerve the body in health, defend it from infirmities, to ſtrengthen, and corroborate the weak, to raiſe the dejected, in a word, to keep the body in health and comfort, till the approach of death, to whoſe yoak all muſt yield: whoſe Laws, the greateſt Monarchs, Kings, and Princes, cannot reſiſt. To this one Law all people of every Countrey, Nation, quality and degree become obedient; as to a Law, moſt neceſſary, moſt excellent, ſound pure & juſt; being grounded upon, and drawn from the pureſt and moſt wholſom fountains of Nature. It is not ſtrict nor rigid, but mild and gentle; it ſuccoureth, refreſheth, and reſtoreth thoſe that have languiſhed by reaſon of tedious diſeaſes: health of body is all the comfort a man hath in this troubleſome and turbulent world: this is that, which maketh humane actions to flouriſh: ſhe is the moſt excellent chamber companion, ſhe is the richeſt treaſure; for ſhe is more precious then gold, the beſt of all earthly goods; to ſay all, Without it, no earthly thing is a bleſſing.

Hence it cometh, that the Art of Phyſick hath gained a reverend eſteem in all Ages: and the Phyſicians ſometimes, more than humane honour. Aeſculapius tranſported this Art from Aegypt into Greece: the Greciaus (thinking he could raiſe the dead) honoured, and worſhipped him as a god, & his two daughters as goddeſſes. Indeed the difficulty of Medicine brings the more honour & dignity to a good Phyſician, which generally is thus deſcribed: A good Phyſician ought to be a man learned, honeſt, gentle, diligent. He ought to truſt in God, more than in his own skill. He ought to know what he would do, and be able to put it into practice, becauſe the health and life of mankind is committed into his hands. And, as he imitates Chriſt who cures the ſoul, the Phyſician the body; ſo he ought to imitate him in a holy and unblameable converſation. He ought to deny himſelf, and to be very tender of the poor. He muſt not be ignorant in Divinity, well skilled in Anatomy, in the knowledge of Simples, and making up of compound Medicines: And (ſaith Galen) if he be ignorant of the Mathe maticks, he is a murderer.

Hippocrates in his Aphoriſms deſcribes a Phyſician thus; He ought in diſcourſe to be witty and ſolid: and ſo let him behave himſelf in reproving the errors of his Patient, and thoſe that look to him, Let him not be fearful nor over conſident, but let him walk in the middle path, between fear and confidence. He ſhould be neat in body and mind, temperate in diet, a hater of venereous and laſcivious actions: let every wiſe man beware of a drunken Phyſician, or any way viciouſly inclined. Let him not greedily deſire honour, but what he honeſtly getteth by his Art; let him not beg it of others, nor confer it upon himſelf. Let him be courteous and have a fellow feeling of others miſeries. Let him declare the event of a diſeaſe, ſo far as he knoweth it, that ſo he may ſtir up the ſick to obedience, and avoid the ignominſe of that may be caſt upon the Art: yet let him ſo declare it, as not to afflict the mind with the Diſeaſe of the body. A good Phyſician is not envious at the ſucceſſe of another, nor will he detract from his due praiſe. He ought not to be dogged, curriſh, ſcurrilous, nor ridiculous, to be familiar with all, and ſpeak no more than becometh him: let him uſe but few words, and thoſe that are pertinent to the purpoſe. Let gravity and love, be read in his face. He ought to viſit the ſick as often as neceſſity requireth, and ſpeak comfortably to him. Let no unſeemly action, nor uncivil word proceed from him. Let him not forſake his Patient for any cauſe whatſoever. Let him conſult with God in the beginning of all his cures, and heartily give God thanks for the performance of them. Let him love godlineſs, and honeſty, and be an unblameable ſervant to God, and Nature. Theſe are the principal and chief Characters, by which every diſeaſed man may make choice of his Phyſician, of whom I ſhall ſay with the learned Fernelius: Medicus remedia confert, non ſolum ut naturae miniſter, fed interdum ut adjutor, interdum etiam ut opifex primarius: A Phyſician doth cure, not only as Natures ſervant, but ſometimes us her helper, yea ſometimes as the chief workman. I ſhall not build my diſcourſe Theorically but Practically: and having in the former Book briefly deſctibed the principal parts of man and the humane faculties and virtues thereon depending: I ſhall in this Book declare the Cauſes, Symptoms, and Cures of Diſeaſes in thoſe parts, which hinder them in the exerciſe of thoſe humane faculties. I ſhall treat of each diſeaſe ſimply and diſtinctly, and leave this Aphoriſm to the conſideration of the ingenious: Simplex affectus, ſimplici remedio; compoſitus compoſito propellendus: A ſimple Diſeaſe is removed by a ſimple remedy; a compound Diſeaſe is expelled by compound Medicines.

CHAP. II. Of Diſeaſes of the Head.

MAny Diſeaſes are incident to the Head of Man, I ſhall treat of them in order, according to the places which they poſſeſſe, which I ſhall devide into three parts: Firſt, the Membranes. Secondly, the ſubſtance of the Brain. Thirdly, the Nerves which nouriſh the Brain. The Membranes, is the firſt pannicle within the Skull, called Dura Mater; or without the Skull, called Pericranium: which are ſubject to theſe Diſeaſes, viz. the Head-ach, the inveterate Head-ach, and the Megrim. In the ſubſtance of the Brain, which is the ſeat and inſtrument of the intellectual faculties of the Soul, viz. imaginations, judgment, and memory, are defects alſo, viz. the depravation of thoſe faculties, as a Frenſie, Melancholy, and Madneſſe; Sleepy Diſeaſe, Lethargy. The Ventricles of the brain are ſubject to many diſtempers, as Vertigo, Falling ſickneſſe, the night Mare, the Apoplexy, Palſy, Convulſion, trembling and quaking, and Catarrhs.

Of inveterate Head-ach, •… d the Megrim.

The inveterate Head-ach is called in Greek and Latine, Cephalaea; it is a diſeaſe of long continuance, very painful, and upon every light occaſion invadeth the Patient with ſharp fits; that he cannot indure noiſe, nor light, but deſireth to lye ſtill in the dark: ſometime this Diſeaſe is with continuance, and ſometimes with intermiſſion.

The Cauſe.

This Diſeaſe is cauſed through blood or other humors abounding, or by ſharp humors, or vapours within or without the Scull, inflaming the Head: ſometimes weakneſſe of the Head is the Cauſe.

The Sign.

If fulneſſe of humors be the cauſe of the Diſeaſe: then is the Head very heavy and lumpiſh: if the humors be ſharp, the pain is felt with pricking & ſhooting, if there be inflammation, the Head worketh like the Pulſes: if wind be the peccant cauſe, there is found diſtention or ſtretching out, without heavineſs or beating: if two or more of theſe Symptomes appear together, judge accordingly. Note that if the pain be felt ſuperficially, or outwardly, than is the perieranium grieved: If it be felt within (which is known by the pain at the roots of the Eys) then is the grief within the Dura Mater. Hemicrania or the Megrim differeth not from Cephalaea, ſaving if in the Megrim one half of the Head is afflicted, whereas in the other the whole Head, by the aforegoing Symptoms, you may diſcover the humour offending.

The Cure.

As there are diverſity of Cauſes, ſo there is of Cures: If the Diſeaſe be ingendred of plenitude of humors, and the whole boy app •… •… ll: it is not amiſs to begin the cure with the evacu •… of the whole body: and if age, ſtrength and the ſeaſon conſent, open the Gephalick or head Vein: If flegmatick and viſcuous humors, be the Cauſe, it is good to extenuate and make thin the humors, thus; Take of Oximel ſcilliticum, and ſyrup of Staechas, of each half an ounce; diſtilled water of Marjerom, Betony and Parſley, an ounce; mix theſe and make a potion for the morning. Or elſe make a decoction in this manner; Take Mint, Calamint, Marjerom, Betony, Sage, of each half a handful: the ſeeds of ſweet Fennel, Annis, and Parſtey of each half an ounce; the roots of Aſparagus, Fennel, and Parſley, of each two ounces; Peony root, half an ounce; ſhread the hearbs, bruiſe the ſeeds, ſlice the roots, and take out the pith, and boil it in a quart of water till half be conſumed, ſtrein it, and add of ſyrup of Betony compound, one ounce: and Oximel ſimplex as much; and make a potion for three times; take it, at night two hours after a light ſupper; the Body thus prepared, you may come to purge, and evacuate the peccant humours: Take half a dram of Pill. Cochiae, the greater in the morning, and keep the Chamber; they which are moſt commendable are pills of Hiera with Agarick; Take half a drachm at night two hours after a light ſupper, take ſome warm broth in the morning, and keep the houſe; thus do for a week or longer: in like manner you may uſe Pill. Alephanginae, and order your body as before: and remember that groſſe and clammy-humours will not follow, a ſudden purgation, and therefore often purging is uſed, that ſo they may be drawn out by little and little. Alſo cliſters are neceſſary becauſe they cleanſe the bowels, and pull back thoſe humours and vapours, which aſcend and annoy the head: Take of Mallows, Pellitorie of the Wall, Endive, Succorie, Violetleaves, Cammomell-flowers, of each one handfull, ſweet Fennellſeed, halfe an ounce, Linſeed, Two drachmes, boile them in a quart of Spring water, (or rather cleare poſſet-drink,) till halfe be conſumed, ſtreine it out; and to the decoction, adde of the pulpe of Caſsia Fiſtula, one ounce; Oile of Rue halfe an ounce, Benedictae Laxativae, half an ounce.

The Body being purged by diſcretion, it is not amiſſe, for the patient to make uſe of ſome diet drink, that hath power to warme the braine, to exſiccate and concoct crude humours, to attenuate the groſſe, cut that which is tough, and expell the thinneſt, either by Urine, or inſenfible tranſpiration.

You may make it thus. Take of Guajacum, Saſſufras, the Root of Salſaperilla, of each two ounces, Engliſh Liquoris, and Cinamon, of each one ounce, Coriander-ſeed halfe an ounce: infuſe them 24 houres in 4 quarts of Spring-water, the veſſell ſtanding in hot embers, and cloſe covered; afterwards boile it gently to the conſumption of halfe, ſweeten it with honey, whilſt it is hot; let the Patient drink halfe a pint in the morning, and diſpoſe himſelf for ſweat: and if he drink it for his ordinary drink, 15 or 20 dayes more or leſſe, as neceſsity requireth, it is the better. If the Patient become coſtive by the uſe of this diet drink, let him take a Clyſter, as often as need requireth: and once in ſeaven dayes let him take ſome purging medicine; that day, omitting the diet drink.

This bole, taken in the morning two houres before meat, is exceeding good to ſtrengthen the head, after due evacuation of the peccant humours, viz: Conſerve of Roſes, and of Roſemary-flowers, of each two ſcruples, of Venice Treacle the weight of both, with a little fine Sugar, make bole, and adminiſter it, as before.

Likewiſe may Gargariſms be made, and uſed in manner following: Take the root of Maſterwort a drachme, Long-Pepper and Nutmegs, halfe a dram: Muſtard-ſeed one ſcruple, beat them to powder, and put them in a linnen cloth, and chew it halfe an hour, which will purge the head of groſſe and phlegmatique humours.

Somtimes it is convenient to uſe Sneezing-Powders, and you may make them in this ſort: Take the Leaves of Marjarom, Roſemary, and Betony dryed, two ſcruples, white Hellebore, Cloves, Nutmegs, Cubeba, of each halfe a ſcruple, beat them into fine powder, and, by the help of a quill, provoke ſneezing.

Alſo a quilt, to corroborate and ſtrengthen the Brain may be thus made: Take of Wood-Betony dryed, one ounce: the flowers of Roſemary, and Stachas, a Drachm; Red-roſe-leaves, two drachms, Frankinſence, Maſtick, Benzoin, Mace and Cloves, of each halfe a Drachme, beat them to powder and quilt it in Silk or Linnen, and apply it warme.

I might here reach you to make Plaiſters to corroborate the braine, to attract, or reſolve the humours, but I forbeare here for brevityes-ſake, and referr you to its proper place, where I ſhall treat of the making of Plaiſters and their uſes.

If the diſtemper hath its originall from Cholerick humours; let him uſe meats and drinks that are naturally cold and moiſt; it is convenient that the humours be prepared, quenched, and concocted: for which purpoſe you may uſe this medicine following; Sirrup of Violets one ounce, of Water-Lillies, halfe an ounce, diſtilled waters of Endive, Succory and Lettuce, of each one ounce, mix them, and drink it in the morning faſting; the humours thus concocted, and made mild and obedient unto nature, may the better be removed by purging medicines: To which purpoſe, take fine Rubarb two drachms, Spickuard, one ſcruple, cut ſmall and infuſed in the diſtilled water of Endive, Succory, and bugloſſe of each one ounce, for the ſpace of twelve houres: diſſolve therein a drachme of the electuary of the juyce of Roſes, and make a purging potion. Pills of Reubarbs, and Alephangina may be ſafely uſed in this caſe: the doſe is a ſcruple or halfe a drachme taken at night going to bed: Pill, aureae, or golden Pills taken halfe a drachm in the morning, purgeth cholerick and other offenſive humours from the head.

Clyſters in this caſe profiteth much. Take of the decoction for a Clyſter before deſcribed: adde one ounce of Caſſia fiſtula, Hiera picra halfe an ounce, oyle of Roſes one ounce, Salt halfe a drachme, mix them and make a Clyſter.

After purging of the Cholerick humour it is convenient to coole and ſtrengthen the head by outward medicines: oyle of Roſes, and oyle of Cammomell, mixed with a little white-Wine-Vinegar, is good to anoint the head; but if there need greater cooling, you may adde to the oyles juyce of Houſleek, Purſlane, Nightſhade or Sorrell. If the ſick cannot ſleep, anoint the forehead with oyle of Water Lillies and Poppy.

If the ſymptomes declare wind to be the cauſe, let the Patient eſchue all meats that do breed windineſſe, empty the belly with Clyſters; that are made of ſuch things as do naturally diſſolve windineſſe: viz. The ſeeds of Anniſe, Sweet Fennell, Carraway and Comin, of each one ounce, boile them in a quart of poſſet-drink till halfe be waſted, ſtreine it, and adde to the liquor Catholicon, and diaphaenicon, of each halfe an ounce. This Cliſter doth not only purge the inteſtines, and thoſe parts about the Liver, but alſo pulleth back thoſe vapours which aſcend to the Head.

To the outſide of the Head may be applyed repulſive medicines, as Vinegar, Wormwood, Melilot, Mints, Pomegranate-rinds, Shephards Pouch, Purſlane, Lawrell, Nutmeggs, &c: After a moderate uſe of theſe, adde medicines that have power to mitigate, concoct, and digeſt: as Camomell, Linſeed, Fenugreek, Saffron, yelks of Eggs, Hens and Gooſe-greaſe. Laſtly, apply medicines that have power to diſcuſſe, viz: meale of Lupines, and Barley, Lilly-roots, Nigella, oyles of Dill and Rew.

CHAP. III. Of the Frenſie.

THe Frenſie is an inflammation of the braine and membranes thereof cauſed by the abundance of blood or choler occupying thoſe parts: it differeth from madneſſe in this that a fever is joyned to the Frenſie. Some that are thus grieved, do erre much in imagination; others are acute in imagination, but want judgment to regulate their cogitations: and ſome are deprived of memory.

Symptoms and Signes.

They who are thus greived, are in a continuall Fever, are mad, and cannot ſleep: Somtimes they ſleep, and are much troubled therein. They often rub their eyes, which are red and ſomtimes dry, ſomtimes afflicted with a hot rhume. The tongue is rough, ſometimes they bleed at Noſe; they ſnatch and catch at the bedclothes: their Pulſe is weak, and hard like the motion of a ſinew: they breathe ſeldome: If choler be the cauſe of the I hrenſie, they rage very furiouſly, and can ſcarcely be ruled: if blood be the cauſe, they ſomtimes laugh, and rejoyce: This diſeaſe (according to the opinion of the wiſeſt Phyſitians) for the moſt part is deadly and incurable.

The Cure.

For the cure of this diſtemper, the blood, or cholet afflicting the braine, muſt be diſcuſſed, pulled back, repelled, and evacuated, ſo, that the diſtemper of the head be removed, the ſtrength of the head, and of the whole body be preſerved. It is convenient, as ſoon as the diſeaſe is diſcovered to open a Veine, having firſt adminiſtred a Clyſter, thus made: Take of the Leaves of Violets, Mallows, Endive, Beets, and Lettuce, of each one handfull, of the root of Marſh-Mallows an ounce, of the flowers of water-Lillies, and the tops of Dill, of each halfe a handfull, let them be boiled in a ſufficient quantity of Barley-water; then ſtreined out to a pint of this decoction, diſſolve Caſſia newly drawne, Sirrup of Violets, Diaprunum Lenitive, of each halfe an ounce, browne Sugar one ounce, and make a Clyſter.

You muſt, ſoone after the Patient hath had a ſtoole, open the Cephalick or Head-Veine, but if blood do abound, open the Baſilick or Liver-veine, or the middle Veine firſt, and after a while breathe the cephalick Vein. If you find that ſuppreſſion of Menſtrues, or the hemorrhoid, hath been the cauſe of the diſtemper, you may firſt open the Veine under the Ancle called Saphaena, and afterwards open the Cephalick Veine. If the age, and ſtrength of the Patient forbid not, you muſt bleed him often in the Cephalick Vein; if the body be weak open the Veine under the Ancle: be ſure not to draw too much blood at once, leaſt the ſick faint. If you feare bloodletting, by reaſon of age, want of ſtreangth, or a bad ſeaſon, uſe cupping with ſcarification, behind the neck upon the back bone.

It is good alſo to uſe Frictions, and Ligatures upon the legs, and to draw bliſters upon the Armes and Shoulders.

After Phlebotomy, you muſt apply medicines that do coole the Braine, and repell, and hinder the humours from aſcending to the head: as Oyle of Roſes two ounces, Roſe Vinegar one ounce, the water of Plantane, and Lettuce, of each two ounces, with the whites of two Eggs, mingle them together, and apply it, to the forehead with a double cloath. If that prove not eſſicacious, take oyle of Mandrakes, Roſes, Violets, and water Lillyes of each two drachms; the juice of Lettuce and Pu ſlane, of each halfe an ounce, the whites of two eggs, mingle and apply it.

But here let me adviſe people; to be very wary and carefull in the applying of theſe medicines; by no m anes apply cooling medicines in the extremity of the fit; nor refrigerate and ſtupſie the Braine too ſodainly; leſt by overmuch cooling you turn the Frenſie into a Lethargy, and make your Patient ſleep his laſt. Likewiſe conſider from the Symptomes of the diſeaſe, to what part of the head, to apply your medicine, having conſideration to the age of your patient, and ſeaſon of the yeare, your Wit will informe you, whether you are beſt to apply it warm or cold. If you find the inflammation extend it ſelfe to the skin, and exterior parts, uſe no repelling medicines, for feare you drive the diſtemper to the Braine.

It is convenient likewiſe to refrigerate the interior parts, thus; take of the ſyrups of Violet, erratick Poppys, and Pomegranates, of each four drachms: the diſtilled waters of Plant, Lettuce, Poppy, and Purſlane of each two ounces, mix them and make a julep, for three doſes. This electuary is good in this caſe: Conſerve of Roſes and Violets, of each one ounce; the conſerve of Clove-Gilliflowers, and water Lillys, of each halfe an ounce; Diamargatiton frigidum, halfe a drachme, with Syrup of Violets: make it into an electuary, give the ſick the quantity of a Nutmeg, once in an houre, two, or three as neceſſity ſhall require.

Having thus prepared the humours, you may evacuate them by purgations, but it is convenient to uſe the moſt gentle purgers; you may ſafely adminiſter an ounce of Catholicon in the evening; drink ſomwhat warme in the morning, it is a fine cooling and gentle purge. Or you may make a decoction of ſome cooling hearbs, and in halfe a pint of the liquor warme, infuſe therein a drachme of Rubarb 12. hours; diſſolve therein halfe an ounce of Catholicon, and two drachms of ſyrup of Roſes, and make a potion. Let his drink be Barly water, and mingle with it, the ſyrup of Pomegranats, Lemons or Barberies. By this you may know how to cure not onely Frenſies, but all ravings and watchings which are ingendred by Feavers.

CHAP. IV. Of Madneſſe.

THe Latines call this diſeaſe Inſania, and Furor, and the Greeks Mania, we call it Madneſſe, In this diſtemper the body is much out of order, and the Spirits much diſquieted: It cometh without a Feavour, and therein it differeth from the Frenſie. This diſeaſe is cauſed, ſomtimes of the abundance of blood flowing up to the Braine: Somtimes of hot and cholerick humours, or of a hot diſtemper of the Braine. The Symptomes of Madneſſe, are, weakneſſe of the Head, tickling of the Eares, and ſhinings before their eyes, watchings, ſtrange thoughts, and ravenous appetite: If it proceed from the abundance of blood, there followeth continuall laughing, objects of laughter evermore appearing before the eyes. When it proceedeth from both blood and choler, it cauſeth a daſhing and fervent motion in the braine, which maketh the ſick irefull, full of motion, and bold. But if the choler wax groſſe, the ſick is more mad, and harder to cure.

There is another ſort of Madneſs, cauſed by melancholy occupying the mind and changing the temperature of it: Somtimes the blood is generally corrupted by melancholy, and the brain hurt thereby. Somtimes melanchollyblood aſcendeth to the braine, when the blood is not generally corrupted. Somtimes inflammations, obſtructions and evill effects of the Stomach and Spleen may be the cauſe thereof. There are many Signes of this diſtemper, they which are moſt common are theſe; fearfullneſſe, ſadneſſe, hatred, and very ſtrange imaginations: Some have fancyed themſelves beaſts, and have counterfeited the voice of Beaſts: others, earthen-pots, and have fled from company for feare of being broken: Somtimes they deſire death, and to make away themſelves; Somtimes they much dread death. Some think themſelves inſpired with the holy Spirit, and do Propheſie; others fancy themſelves great Philoſophers. If the blood be generally corrupted, the body is leane, pale, and rough, and generally melancholly. They, whoſe diſtemper ariſe from defects of the ſtomach or Spleen: have burnings, grevious inflammations, and plucking of the ſides, are ſubject to be coſtive; troubled with wind fuming to the head, cauſing lightneſſe and troubleſome dreames.

For the cure: If blood abound (after the adminiſtring of a Clyſter) you muſt come to blood-letting: You may open the Cephalick; if that appeare not, the middle veine: draw as much blood as the ſtrength of the Patient will beare: you may, as you find occaſion, open the veine in the forehead, if it appeare: if the ſick be a woman open the veine under the Ancle, you may alſo bleed the Hemorrhoid-veines. I beſeech you, not only here, but in all other diſtempers, to be very carefull, and ſparing of your Patients blood; draw not too much at a time leſt you weaken nature too much: in this caſe it is beſt often to bleed, and in the mean time, keep the body ſoluble, either by Clyſters, made as the former Chapter will direct you, or other convenient purges, viz: Take black Hellebore ſliced ſmall, one ounce; infuſe it three days in a quarter of a pint of raine-water: then boile it gently to the conſumption of the third part, (keeping it cloſe covered) ſtreine it out and add to the liquor, two ounces of clarified honey: let the ſick drink halfe an ounce (in the morning) in a little broath or poſſet-drink, for ſeverall dayes together: increaſe or decreaſe the doſe according to the ſtrength or debility of your patient. Or take of the extract of black Hellebore halfe a ſcruple, Syrrup of Violets, one ounce; mix it for one doſe.

If the body require a ſtronger purgation; Take of Diagridium, and Lapis Lazuli, of each halfe a drachme. Turbith, one drachm: Sena, halfe an ounce, Epithymum, Cremo-tartar of each two drachms: Of Cinamon, and Citron pills, of each one ſcruple; Safron, halfe a ſcruple; Let them be finely pulverized, the doſe is a drachme or four Scruples adminiſtred in broath or ſome other convenient Liquor. Theſe are convenient medicines, which purge both choler and melancholly. You may purge with confectio Hamech, Diaſenae, Pillulae Indae, Pill: Lapid: Lazuli; the doſe muſt be regulated according to your patients condition, ſtrength, and age. Before you come to purging, make uſe of altering or preparing medicines; Take of the ſlowers of Borage, Bugloſſe, and Violets; of Harts-tongue, Fumitory, and Tamarisk, of each one handfull; Raiſons of the Sun ſtoned, one ounce: barke of the root of Capers, three drachms: roots of Fennell, Parſly, Lycoriſh, of each a drachme, boile them all gently in three pints of water, till one be conſumed, ſtreine them out, and clarifie the liquor with whites of eggs; add to the ſame, of the ſyrups of Fumitory, Epithimum, and Apples magiſteriall, of each one o nce: Take halfe a pint in the morning; uſe this, or medicines of this nature, three or four dayes: twice in the week, purge gently; twice in a month adminiſter a ſtrong purge: ever remember in the meane time to uſe Phlebotomy, as neceſſity requireth: forget not to empty the body by Clyſters, if there be occaſion: The night after you have let your patient blood, be ſure you adminiſter ſuch things, as have power to procure ſleep, which you may do thus: Take of conſerve of Roſes, Violets, and Bugloſſe flowers, of each halfe an ounce: the conſerve of the young tops of Tamariske, and Clove Gilliflowors; of the ſtalke of Lettuce, and Citron rindes preſerved, of each four dra •… , Mirabolanes and Emblicks, of each one: Confectio Alchermes and de Hyacintho, of each two drachms, Corall and Pearles prepared, of each two ſcruples. pil: diá Margariton frigidum, and Laetificans, halfe a drachme, mix them well in a marble or glaſſe Morter, adding one ounce of ſyrup of ſweet-ſented apples: The doſe is the quantity of a Wall-nut, drink after it a little of ſome convenient Julep or decoction. You muſt likewiſe apply repelling and diſcuſſing medicines to the head; the Chapter of the Frenſie will furniſh you with ſuch medicines. But if the Cholerick, and melancholly humors in the Braine, are groſſe and hard to be removed, prepare a fomentation in this manner. Talte a ſufficient quantity of Cephalick herrbs, viz: Betony, Pennyroyall, Roſemary, Lettice, Plantane. Willow-leaves, Houſleek, Strawberry-leaves; Violet-leaves, Fumitory, Water-Lillys (or their Flowers) Staechas, Poppys, boile them in a ſufficient quantity of Fountaine water: then take of Bay-berries, and the root of black Hellebore, a ſufficient quantity, croſly bruiſe them, and ſow them (with ſome of the ſofteſt of the hearbs) into a long bagg, boil the bagg a little in the aforeſaid decoction; bathe the head (being ſhaved) with the decoction, an houre, as hot as may well be indured, with double cloathes: then bind the bagg to the crowne of the head with hot clothes, let the patient lye in his bed and ſleep if he can, this will wonderfully expell the humours, through the Emunctories of the head, for it wonderfully diſcuſſeth the fuliginous matter, gathered in the head, which other remedies can ſcarcely performe. This you may do for nine dayes together if you ſee occaſion; but be ſure to keep the head warme afterward. If you find that obſtruction or inflammation of the Spleen, or defects of the Stomach be the cauſe of the diſtemper, you muſt adminiſter inward and outward medicines, to open the obſtruction, and allay the inflammation; for ſuch medicines, I referr you to thoſe Chapters, where I ſhall treat of the diſtempers of thoſe parts.

CHAP. V. Of the Apoplexy, Lethargy, and Sleepy-diſeaſe.

THe Apoplexy is a depriving of ſenſe & motion throughout the whole body, coming ſuddenly without let or hurt of all voluntary functions.

Cauſes.

It is cauſed of humours cold, groſſe and tough, which fill up and obſtruct the Ventricles of the braine; which are engendred by overmuch crudities: drunkenneſſe is oftentimes the cauſe: Somtimes a blow or fall cauſing humours to flow thither is the cauſe: Somtimes of a groſſe melancholly humour: Or, the excrements and humidity of the braine, are congealed and thickned by the coldneſſe of the aire.

Signes.

The Symptomes or forerunners of this diſeaſe are violent and ſharp paines of the head, the Vertigo, the ſwelling of the Veins of the neck, a ſlowneſſe to move, the extreame parts of the body, cold. When the diſeaſe cometh to its height, the breathing is ſo diminiſhed, that it cannot be perceived, and that is a very evill ſigne; or elſe it is holden for a while, and then fetcht with great violence: ſo much the more it differeth from the naturall courſe, ſo much ſtronger is the diſeaſe. Hippocrates in his Aphoriſmes ſaith, that it is impoſſible to cure a ſtrong Apoplexy, and not eaſie to cure a weak one.

The Lethargy is likewiſe an inexpugnable deſire of ſleeping, & ſluggiſhneſs; Its name in the Greek, viz. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 : 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ſignifieth forgetfulneſs, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 dull, viz. dul oblivion. The cauſe is the ſame with the former in quality: they differ only in this, that the Lethargy is accompanied with a Feaver and raving: the Pulſe is great and ſtriketh ſeldom, and as if they were full of water: they fetch their breath weakly, alwaies ſleepy, and can ſcarcely be compelled to awake. If you call them very loud, they will ſometimes open their eys, but ſoon ſhut them again: they gaſp and gape, and ſometimes forget to ſhut their mouths, &c.

Coma is a profound ſleep, from which if he be rouſed, he will anſwer to any Queſtion, but ſoon fall aſleep again: ſometimes the ſick watcheth much, yet cannot hold open his eyes, but is very deſirous to ſleep.

Carus is alſo a ſleepy diſeaſe, and differeth from the reſt; it differeth from Coma and the Lethargy, becauſe they that have Carus lye in a dead ſleep, call them, pull them, and prick them, they will not anſwer. Again, for the moſt part a violent Feaver goeth before Carus: in the Lethargy it followeth; it differeth from the Apoplexy, in it the breath is very ſtreight, that the ſick can ſcarcely breath at all, but in Carus the ſick hath his breath at liberty.

The Cure.

They who are afflicted with either of theſe Diſeaſes, are in much danger, and have need of the ſpeedy help of an able Phyſician, who muſt without delay uſe his beſt endeavours. Firſt let him endeavour to awake his Patient out of this dead ſleep, by preſenting forcible objects to every ſenſe: Let him place him ſo, that the Sun beams, or ſome clear light, may ſhine upon his face: Let him fill his ears with noiſe, clamours, and ſounds, and call him by his name with a loud voice, put up into his noſe things that are ſharp, as Rue, Caſtoreum, and Vinegar: do the like to his mouth. Likewiſe you muſt provoke the ſenſe of feeling by frictions, pulling of the hair, pulling out and ſolding the fingers, and all other parts, binding, &c. You muſt provoke the body to ſtool by ſharp Clyſters, thus; Take of Sage, Betony, Rue, Centory, of each one handfull: Camomel, Calamint, and Penny-royall, of each half a handful: the ſeeds of Cummin, ſweet Fennel, and Dill, of each three drachms: the roots of Polypody, ſix drachms: Agarick, three drachms: pulp of Coliquintida, one drachin; boyl them in a convenient quantity of water, untill half be conſumed; to a pint of the decoction, adde the oyls of Lillies and Rue, of each half an ounce; Hiera Picra, Benedicta Laxativa, and Diaphaenicon, of each half an ounce; Honey of Roſes, an ounce: Salt, a drachm: mix them and make a Clyſter. If your Patient be young, ſtrong, and full of hot humors, and blood, you muſt ſoon after the operation of the Clyſter, open a vein in one Arm, let him not bleed too much at once, leſt his ſtrength fail; in a few hours ſpace open a vein in the other Arm: for by that means the diſeaſe will be the more abated, and the ſtrength the more preſerved. After the firſt vein opened, if you perceive his countenance more lively, his pulſe beat more orderly and his breath fetcht with more eaſe, it is a good ſign, and a good encouragement to open another vein: Make the Orifice wide, or elſe the groſſeft blood will lye behind. Where you ſee the body abound with blood, draw blood liberally: if not, draw blood ſparingly.

After letting blood, if you ſee hopes of your Patients recovery, within a few hours, you muſt adminiſter ſome purgation, the time of the day matters not: one ounce of Elect. Diacarthamum, half a ſcruple of Caſtor, diſſolved in Betony water: you may in this caſe make uſe of Pillulae Cochiae, the greater, or the leſſe: or Pillulae de Agarico, (pills of Agarick.) But in the Lethargy (by reaſon it is accompanied with a Feaver) you ought to adminiſter more gentle purgations, as Pillulae Hiera cum Agarico, (I ſhall lay down ſome generall Rules for purging, in the next Book,) which ſerve to divert the humours, flowing to the Head. But the humours there fixed, muſt be purged with Scammony, one Scruple: Caſtor, two ſcruples: adminiſtred in Oximel, which hath been proved with good ſucceſſe.

If hitherto your Medicines prove unſucceſsful, you muſt venter to adminiſter ſtronger, not fearing the danger or ſtrength of your Medicine, ſeeing without it, nothing can be expected. You may uſe ſuch Medicines as are extracted out of Antimony, or thoſe leſſe violent, as is the infuſion of Crocus Mettallorum: or two drachms of the Tincture of Tobacco, extracted with the Spirit of Wine, doth powerfully evacuate upwards and downwards, both cholerick and flegmatick humours, and cleanſeth not only the Stomach and Bowels, but the Brain alſo.

Alſo Frictions and Ligatures on the extream parts are neceſſary, that the vapours do not aſcend to the Head. You may faſten Cupping glaſſes to the Shoulders, Arms, and Thighs, with ſcarification, if you have not let your Patient blood, otherwiſe without: forget not the often adminiſtration of Cliſters, or inſtead thereof, you may uſe Suppoſitories, made thus. Take two ounces of Honey boiled to a due thickneſſe, of Hiera Piera, two drachms; Coloquintida, Agarick, and Scammony, of each two ſeruples: Salt gemme, one drachm: make them into fine powder, and mix them with the Honey, and make Suppoſitories as long as you think good.

You may apply things to their Noſes, which have a property to awaken them, as Vinegar, Caſtoreum, Galbanum, Sulphur, Goats-horn, or Harts-horn burnt, and holden to the Noſe: A fume made with white Amber, is of excellent vertue in the Apoplexy; You muſt pull them by the hair, and prick their Legs, or rub them with Salt and Vinegar: You muſt annoint the Palare of the Mouth with ſtrong and ſharp Medicines, as Mithridate, Muſtard, powder of Maſterwort: and rub the bottoms of the Feet with Salt and Vinegar, and the Palms of the Hands with the Oyls of Rue, and Caſtor. If the diſeaſe be of long continuance, provoke ſneezing, with thoſe Powders preſcribed in the ſecond Chapter: to which you may adde Rue and Caſtor.

You may apply reſolving Medicines, but firſt you muſt make them thus: Take the leaves of Betony, Sage, and Roſemary, of each one handful; the tops of Lavender, and Marjerom, Rue, and Savoury, of each half a handful; the roots of Angelica, Maſterwort, and Setwall, of each one ounce; Bayberries, and Juniper berries, of each half an ounce; boyl them in a ſufficient quantity of Vinegar, and with a Spunge or cloth dipped in the decoction, bathe the Head of the ſick.

If the Diſeaſe yield not to theſe Medicines, you may faſten Cupping g aſſes, to the upper part of the Neck, about the firſt or ſecond joynt: Some uſe to draw Bliſters there, and with good ſucceſſe.

Many precious Medicines, againſt this diſtemper, have been left to poſterity; I ſhall (omitting many) inſert this one, viz. Take of the root of Peony, and Miſleto of the Oake, of each two ounces; Calamus, Aromaticus, Galanga, Cyperus, of each one ounce; of Betony, Sage, Marjerom, of each one handful; the ſeeds of Peony, Annis, Fennel, and Carraway, of each three drachms; the flowers of Lavender, Stechas, and Roſemary, of each half a handful; of Nutmegs, Mace, Cubebs, Cloves, Grains of Paradice, of each half an ounce: Cinamon, two ounces: Saffron, half a drachm: of Species Diambrae, and Diamoſhi, of each two drams. Let all theſe ingredients be ſhredd and bruiſed, and put into a glaſſe Limbeck; powre on them of the beſt rectified Spirit of Wine, enough to cover them, the breadth of three fingers; digeſt them in a Bathe eight daies, afterward diſtill it, and upon occaſion adminiſter a drachm, or half a drachm, in ſome other convenient liquor. In like manner may the Spirit of Caſtor be adminiſtred in Oximel, and 'tis a good Medicine againſt theſe Diſeaſes. Moreover, be very careful that you wel underſtand the nature of the humor offending, as if blood offend, uſe not too many refrigerating Medicines, and bleed the more; I need ſay no more, Verbum ſapientibus, &c. If after ſo many Evacuations, the Brain become too cold, and much weakened, you may ſtrengthen it with Lozenges made thus, or after this manner; Take of the diſtilled oyls of Annis, Cinamon, and Nutmegs, of each three drops: oyl of Cloves, one drop: Amber-greaſe, half a ſcruple: with four ounces of Sugar, diſſolved in Betony water, make Lozenges, take a drachm in a morning. Likewiſe you may make Pills to ſtrengthen the Head in this manner: Take of the Species Cordiales temperatae, and Aromaticum Roſatum, of each two drachms; Maſtick, Nutmegs, and Cloves, of each one ſcruple; Ambergreaſe, half a ſcruple: and Musk three grains; make it into a Maſſe for Pills with the juyce of Marjerom, and take a ſcruple to bedward, once or twice a week: or you may take half a drachm of the powder, called Diarrhadon Abatis, night or morning. If any fear the return of this Diſeaſe again after cure: or any (by the aforegoing Symptoms) fear its growth upon them; let them carefully conſider the humour offending: if blood abound, leſſen it by opening a vein; if Choler, flegm, or melancholy, by purgation; How you may know which humour offendeth, or by what it may be purged, this Treatiſe (if you have any ingenuity) will inform you.

CHAP. VI Of the Vertigo, and Falling-ſickneſs.

THe Vertigo is a Diſeaſe which maketh a man think every thing turneth round, and ſuddainly his ſight faileth him, all things appear miſty and dark. This diſeaſe is cauſed through inordinate moving of windy vapours, and Spirits contained in the Brain, or in the Mouth of the Stomach offending the Brain.

The Sign.

Thoſe that are thus troubled, a darkneſſe and miſt appears before their eys, upon every light occaſion, eſpecially if they turn about. It aſtoniſheth him to ſee a man, a wheele, or any thing, turn round. When it is accompanied with ſound, and noiſe in the ears, and vehement pain in the Head, with much heavineſſe; the deprivation, or debility of any of the ſenſes: theſe are infallible teſtimonies that the cauſe of the diſtemper lyeth in the Brain: then is the fit worſt, when the head is heat by the S n, or any other means. If gnawing of the ſtomach, or a diſpoſition to vomit, precede the fit, then the diſeaſe proceedeth from the mouth of the Stomach. This Diſeaſe is oftentimes a Prodormus or forerunner of the Epilepſie or Falling-ſickneſſe, and ſometimes of the Apoplexie.

The Epilepſy is a Writhing, Cramp, and Convulſion of all the parts of the Body; it attacheth and much hurteth the ſenſe and mind. Sometimes it is cauſed through groſſe and clammy flegm, or choler, ſtopping the paſſage of the Ventricles of the Brain: and ſometimes from the mouth of the Stomack, as in the Vertigo. There goeth before this Diſeaſe an evil ſtate of the body and mind, ſadneſſe, forgetfulneſſe, troubleſome dreams, ach of the Head, and continual fullneſſe of the ſame, paleneſſe of the Face, and inordinate moving of the Tongue.

The Sign.

They, who are afflicted with this Diſeaſe, fall down, are plucked up together, they tremble and turn about, ſnort, cry out, beat themſelves, and foam at the Mouth.

The Cure.

It is good for thoſe that are thus afflicted, to eſchue all meats of a hard digeſture, and ſuch as afford a crude nouriſhment, or breed fumoſities; obſerve the ſame in all Diſeaſes of the Head. In the beginning of the cure, make the body ſoluble by Clyſters if need be. If plentitude appear, and the ſick be of a ſanguine complexion, begin the cure with blood letting: otherwiſe obſerve the ſame order, before preſcribed in the Cephalaea, or Headach, proceeding of groſſe and phlegmatick humours; this remembring, to adde to the Medicines there deſcribed, the roots and ſeeds of Peony, and Miſleto of the Oake, which have a notable faculty in the cure of the Falling-ſickneſſe, as experience teacheth. Make uſe of the ſudorifick drink, there deſcribed, thirty or fourty days, adding to every doſe, three or four drops of Vitriol; You muſt purge the ſick with Pillulae Cochiae, Pillulae cum Agarico, or ſuch as purge flegm, but remember to regulate your purges, according to the ſtrength of the ſick; and to prepare the body with Medicines, which do attenuate and cut groſſe and thick humours: as be the ſyrups of Wormwood, Hyſop, Stechas, or Oximel ſcilliticum: or with the decoction of Hyſop, the roots of Peony, or ſuch like. Stibium is of great force, and doth mightily purge the ſuperfluous humours of the Head; you muſt uſe it thus, take 12 grains, and make it into fine powder; put it into four ounces of Wine, and there let it remain 24, hours, ſhaking it every three or four hours; then powre off the Wine, leaving the powder, and drink it with a little Sugar: let none uſe this Medicine but ſuch as have ſtrong Bodies, and be firſt well adviſed by a skilful Phyſitian. The ſyrup of Tobacco, mentioned by Quercetanus in his Pharmacopaeia, is of great force and virtue againſt this diſeaſe; but before you make uſe thereof, be well adviſed, as I ſaid before. After the Body hath been diligently, and carefully purged, it is meet you make uſe of this, or ſuch like Medicines, viz. Take of the flowers of Betony, Roſemary, Peony, and Bugloſſe, of each one ounce; the root of Eringo, and the rind of Citrons preſerved, of each two drachms: powder of Saſſafras, one ounce; of the ſeed of Peony, and Miſleto of the Oake, gathered the Moon decreaſing, Elks claws, of each half a drachm: of the Scull of a man not buryed calcined, half a drachm: of Coral, Pearls, and Harts-horn prepared, of each four ſcruples: of Bezoar, one ſcruple: Diamoſh. dulcis, four ſcruples; Theriaca Andromachi, and Confectio de Hyacintho, of each one drachm, Oyl of Vitriol 20 drops: with as much Syrup, Citron Pills, and Oximel, as is ſufficient to make a liquid Electuary or Opiar, of which take three or four times in a day the quantity of a Filberd. Emplaſtrum Epiſpaſlicum, and ſuch as have power to draw bliſters, and Cauſticks, may with good ſucceſſe be applyed to the hinder part of the Head and Neck.

Fabius Columnus extolleth the root of Valerian to the Skies, for the cure of this Diſeaſe: a drachm in powder adminiſtred in Wine, or other convenient liquor, is a ſufficient Doſe. Of no leſſe eſteem is this Chimicall Medicine following; Spirit of Vitriol, one ſcruple: Spirit of Tartar, one drachm; Treacle water camphorated, one drachm and a half: mix them, and in a glaſſe well ſealed, digeſt them a Month; the Doſe is one drachm, taken with ſome convenient liquour.

If a Child have this Diſeaſe, you muſt make uſe of Medicines ſutable to the age and ſtrength of the Child: If it ſuck, let the Nurſe uſe a moderate diet, and eat ſuch meats as afford good nouriſhment. By Clyſter or Suppoſitory, make the Child ſoluble. Take one ounce of fine Sugar, of Poony root, and Miſleto of the Oake, of each half a drachm: with as much oyl of ſweet Almonds as is ſufficient to make a Lohock, and let the Child lick often thereof.

Riverius commendeth this Epileptick powder, by him called Pulvis de gutteta, Take the root and ſeed of Peony, the root of white Dittany, Miſleto of the Oake, of each half an ounce: the ſeed of Arach, two drachms: of mans Scull, three drachms: red Corall prepared, of Hyacinthus, or Jacinth, of each half a drachm, of Elks claws prepared, half an ounce: Musk, one ſcruple: leaf-gold, one drachm; mix them, and make them into very fine powder: of which adminiſter from half a ſcruple to a ſcruple, in milk, broth, or ſome Antepileptical water, as the compound water of Peony, &c. Annoint the Head of the Child with oyls of Dill, and Marjerom: apply Medicines to the Head, that have power to diſcuſſe the peccant humours, and to corroborate, the Brain: Annoint the Back-bone, and thoſe members which are contracted, and drawn together, with this following Liniment. Take of the Oyls of Rue, and Earth-worms, of each two ounces: the oyl of Caſtor, a drachm: with a little Aqua vitae, make a Liniment. Or, take of Venice Treacle, one drachm; Confectio Alchermes, and de Hyacintho, of each a ſcruple; the waters of Betony, Sage, Marjerom, and Cinamon of each half an ounce; mix them all, and bathe the Noſe, Temples, and Eares: and you may give the Child half an ounce to take inwardly. You may purge the Child twice in the month with Manna, Syrups of Roſes, and Rubarb: and every change of the Moon, take a doſe of the powder before mentioned, and oftener if need require.

To conclude, if the Diſeaſe be cauſed by ſome evill effects in the mouth of the Stomach; you muſt labour to free the Stomach from the humours that offend.

For the Cure of the Vertigo, I ſhall ſay nothing, but refer you to thoſe Medicines propounded for the Cure of the Falling-ſickneſſe; and to the 2. Chapter, viz. Of the cure of Cephalaea, proceeding from cold, crude and phlegmatick humours; it being my preſent task, only to epitomize, not to write largely of the cure of Diſeaſes.

CHAP. VII. Of the Palſie.

PAralyſis, or the Palſie, is a diſeaſe, wherein the whole Body, or part thereof (as Atm, Hand, Leg, or Tongue,) doth loſe ſenſe or motion, or both: Sometimes it followeth the Apoplexy. Here note, that the Faculty of ſenſe and motion, floweth from the Brain, as from its proper fountain, and is conveyed to all parts of the Body, by the Sinews the proper Organs of ſenſe and motion. Hence it commeth to paſſe, that if that faculty of the Brain be obſtructed, that it cannot deſcend to all parts, that all, or ſome of the 〈◊〉 of the Body, loſe either motion, or ſenſe, or b •… , according to the part obſtructed.

The Cauſes.

The Palſie is cauſed by abundance of groſſe and clammy humours, which ſtop the ſinews, and hinder the animal faculty, that it cannot come from the Brain or fountain to the members. It may be cauſed by vehement cold, or by ſome inflammation or ſwelling near the Back-bone: or the ſinews may be cruſhed by ſome binding, or hurt by ſome wound, or Ulcer, or the like.

The Signs, and Cure.

There need no more Signs to know this diſeaſe by, than what hath been declared in the explanation of it. This diſeaſe for the moſt part happeneth to old folk, and ſurprizeth them in the Winter time; therefore Phlebotomy for the moſt part is unneceſſary, and dangerous. If plenitude of humours or blood appear, open a vein, on the ſound ſide, draw blood ſparingly, leſt you cool the Body too much. Let what part ſoever of the Body be affected, yet you muſt not forget the Brain, but you muſt purge, corroborate, and ſtrengthen it. If you find the originall of the diſtemper in the Brain, you muſt apply Medicines, which have power to extenuate, diſſolve, and diſcuſſe; ſuch as are deſcribed in the ſecond Chapter, for the cure of cold and phlegmatick diſtempers of the Head. To the purging Medicines you may add theſe, Pillulae Fatidae, de opopanace, Arabicae, and Trochiſci Alhandall, taken in a convenient quantity (as you ſhall be inſtructed in the next Book) and ſutable to the ſeaſon of the year, and a •… f your Patient. Let him abſtain from drinking f ſtrong beer, and Wine; and let moſt of his drink be the decoction of Guiacum, and the bark of the ſame; and if you add Cephalick hearbs to theſe, it will be the better. This Decoction is commendable, viz. Take of Guiacum ground, two ounces; of the bark of the ſame, half an ounce: the root of China, and Salſaparilla, of each two drachms: Saſafras, three drachms: Lignum Aloes, and Galanga, of each two ſcruples: the root of Angelica, Peony, and Fennel, of each two drachms: the ſeeds of Peony, and ſweet Fennel, of each one drachm: Betony, ground Pine, Sage, of each one handfull: the flowers of Lavender, Roſemary, Stechas, and Cowſlips, of each one pugil: Cinamons, and Polipodium of the Oake, of each half an ounce: Infuſe them in ſix quarts of water twenty four hours: then boil it gently to the conſumption of two quarts, ſtrein it, and add to the decoction of brown Sugar, candy, and ſyrup of Stechas, of each four ounces. Let the diſeaſed take half a pint in a morning, three or four mornings, as a preparative to purging, you muſt purge once in a week, with one of the aforenamed Medicines; having reſpect to the age and ſtrength of your Patient, & ſeaſon of the year. Or you may prepare the aforeſaid water by diſtillation, thus: Take of the ſimples aforenamed, and infuſe them 24 hours in four quarts of water, and two of White-wine: then diſtill them in Balneo Mariae, (as you ſhall be taught in the fourth part of this Treatiſe) to a pound of this diſtilled water, add one ounce of the ſyrup of Staethas, and a drachm of Theriaca diateſſaron, divide it into three parts for three mornings.

It is convenient to ſet Cupping glaſſes to the part affected, without ſcarifying of it, but eaſily drawing the humours and ſpirits to the place: afterwards you muſt rub and chafe the parts: it is convenient to bathe the paralytick part, and cauſe it to ſweat with the decoction of Bur root, and Elder leaves: hot-houſes often profit much; but much better it is, if they can come to natural baths, which proceed, either from Nitrous, hituminous, or ſulphureous Mines, as the Bath of Bath. You may ſafely Bathe two or three times in a week; and afterwards annoint the Member with ſome convenient Liniment, viz. Take of the Oyls of Foxes, Caſtor, Earth-worms, and Rue, of each one ounce: Unguentum Nervinum, and Martiatum, of each half an ounce: the diſtilled oyl of Roſemary, one drachm; Oyl of Spike, ſix drops: mix all theſe, and make a ſoft ointment; with which annoint the Backbone, and the other parts that are diſeaſed; afterwards wrap them up warm with the skin of a Fox, or Hare. If the Palſey be cauſed by an inflammation, or hard ſwelling in any part; the cure of the inflammation, or ſwelling, cures the Palſie alſo. If bruiſing of the ſinews by pinching or binding be the cauſe, remove the bruiſed blood, and the cure will enſue. If the Spondills of the Back be out or broke, and that cauſe the Palſie or Reſolution; the cure of the cauſe, taketh away the effect. If the Palſey enſue a wound or Ulcer, in the Head, Back, or any particular Sinew; if the Sinew be curable, the Palſie ceaſeth.

CHAP. VIII. Of the Covulſion.

SPaſmus, Cramp, or Convulſion, is a diſeaſe, when the Sinews are drawn or plucked up againſt a mans will. Of this there are two ſorts, viz. a true Convulſion, when there is a conſtant retraction of the Muſcles, and the Limb remains unmoveable: or a convulſive motion, when the retraction is every time new, and the Members moved divers ways. They differ likewiſe in their Cauſes, for a true Convulſion proceedeth, either from repletion, or inanition; a convulſive-motion, from irritation, or provocation. Again, they are thus divided, a true Convulſion is either total, by which moſt part of the Body is contracted, or partiall, by which one particular member ſuffereth contraction. The Univerſal Convulſion is cauſed from the Brain, when the Face is plucked together as well as the whole Body, or from the marrow of the Back, when the Muſcles that move the Head and Back, are drawn together. A particular Convulſion is made from the contraction of the Muſcle of ſome part, comming from the hurt of that Nerve which is ordained for his motion. The immediate Cauſes (as I ſaid before) is repletion, or inanition; the Nerves being too full of moiſture, or too dry, are extended or contracted, and the Muſcles into which they are united, are, by that means drawn back to their original.

The mediate Cauſes of a Convulſion, proceeding from repletion, are flegm, and wateriſh humours ſlowing to the Nerves, ſtretching them in breadth, muſt conſequently make them ſhorter, and ſometimes cauſe an inflammation.

But here in the way lyeth an Objection, namely, why a watery humor obſtructing the Nerves, and the cauſe of the Palſie and Conuvlſion, ſhould ſometimes bring one, and ſometimes the other: the humour offending, and the parts affected, being one and the ſame. The diverſe opinions, and long diſputations of writers, I ſhall not here repeat; the difficulty of the matter having diſtracted them into divers opinions. I ſhall anſwer the objection briefly, and adhere to the moſt able, modern Phyſicians, and ſay they differ thus: A Palſie is cauſed of a pure watery humour without mixture, which ſofteneth the Nerves, extends them not: The Convulſion is cauſed of the ſame humour, but mixed with much wind, by which the Nerves are ſtretched, and the Muſcles contracted to their original. It is the opinion of all Phyſitians, that wind is the cauſe of Convulſions; and experience teacheth us, that the greateſt diſtentions are cauſed by wind, as we ſee in the Dropſie, Tympanites, and the Chollick. Sometimes an inflammation, in or near the original of the Nerves, may cauſe a contraction of thoſe Nervous parts; and the cauſe of this inflammation is ſometimes internal as a flux of blood upon the part; or external, by a wound, contuſion, or bruiſe.

The Cauſes of a Convulſion by emptineſs, are all immoderate evacuations whatſoever, diſeaſes, diet, and Medicines which are hot and dry.

A convulſive motion is cauſed by humours, or vapours which are full of Acrimony, or Malignancy: and it ſometimes ſo happeneth in malignant Feavers; and Diſeaſes of choller occupying the Head, or Stomach.

From what hath been ſaid, it is eaſie to know a Convulſion proceeding from fulneſſe or emptineſſe, or convulſive motion. A Convulſion near the Brain is dangerous; in the Muſcles of the breſt, gives fear of ſuffocation: If it come after bleeding or purging, it is deadly: So is a Convulſion, following a Frenſie. A Convulſion coming upon a Fever, ſhews malignant matter which ends in death: but if a Feaver follow a Convulſion, it taketh away its cauſe,

The cure of this diſeaſe is as various as the cauſe: The Convulſion cauſed by emptineſſe requires moyſtening medicines, both internall and externall: This diſeaſe ſeldome happening, and almoſt (if not altogether incurable) I ſhall ſay nothing of it.

A Convulſion comming of repletion or fullneſſe muſt be cured by evacuation of the pecant humours; if you ſee occaſion, make uſe of Phlebotomie, and purge the humours with medicines agreeable to the age and ſtrength of your Patient: and ſomtimes with ſharp Clyſters, ſuch as are deſcribed in the fifth Chapter. If you ſee it not convenient to let blood, apply Cupping-glaſſes, alwaies above the parts grieved, that ſo the humours may be brought back to their originall; that is to ſay, if the Convulſion or Cramp be in the Leggs, apply them to the Buttocks and Loines; obſerve the ſame rule, where ever it be. The part affected ought to be chafed with oyles and oyntments ſutable to ſuch a diſtemper, viz. the oyles of Rue, Camomill, Dill, Spike, the oyle of Foxes, &c: the oyntments of Marſh-Mallows, Martiatum, Nervinum, to which may be added the Mucilage of Briony, with which you may make convenient Liniments to anoint the parts affected, and the root of the Nerve which comes to it. Ducks o Gooſe-greaſe, prepared in manner following, is much commended, viz. Take a fat Duck or Gooſe, pluck it and draw it, then fill it with theſe things following, viz. of Sage, Marjerome, and Staechas, of each one handfull; Gum Ammoniacum and Bdellium of each one ounce; Calamus Aromaticus, Nutmegs, Mace, and Cloves, of each half an ounce: beat them in a Morter, moyſtening them with oyle of Earth-wormes: after, ſew them into the belly of a Gooſe or Duck, ſpit it and roaſt it, receiving the dripping in a pan, half full of Vinegar, and anoynt therewith. Or you may make it ſtronger, thus: Take of the aforeſaid dripping ſix ounces; The Chimicall oyles of wax, Nutmegs, and Sage, of each two drachms, mix it and make a Liniment: when you have anoynted the part affected, cover it with a hot ſheeps skin, a Hares or Foxes skin. To put the part affected into an Oxe or Sheeps belly, or any other newly killed; or to apply the Lungs of a Sheep; yong Pidgeons, Whelps or Chickens ſlit in the middle, is much commended, and hath been ſucceſſefully proved. For thoſe that are thus affected, it is very good to bathe themſelves in the Bath of Bath, or ſuch like, proceeding from a ſulphureous Mine: If you cannot conveniently come to this Bath, you muſt make a Bath with theſethings following. Of Marſh-mallow roots and Lillys of each two pound: Of the leaves of Penniroyall, Lawrell, Rue, Marjerome, St. Johns wort, Violets, Mallows, Sage and Wormwood, of each two handfulls: Linſeeds, and Fenugreek, of each one pound, boyle all theſe in water ſufficient to make a bath, and let the party diſeaſed ſit therein, not too long, but let him come out as ſoone as he finds eaſe. If you dare venture to be at the coſt, make your bath, with oyle, boyling a Fox therein, together with the aforeſaid hearbs, you may purge the head with ſternutations, Gargariſms, and ſuch medicines as you may find in the ſecond Chapter, for the cure of a cold Phlegmatick diſtemper of the braine: and it is good to ſoment the hinder part of the head and neck, with hot Aqua Vitae. The infuſion of Caſtor, or the Spirit of the ſame, the doſe is a drachme, or halfe a drachme, according to the age or ſtrength of the Patient: Mathiolus his Bezoar water, the like doſe: the compound water of Peony: give theſe mixed with other cooler medicines. The ſyrrup of Peony compound: Diamoſchu dulce: Diacorum, diateſsaron, are much commended for the cure of this diſeaſe.

I might adde variety of medicines for the cure of this diſtemper, but what I have ſaid, (I hope) is ſufficient to give light to the ingenious ſearching Spirits.

CHAP. IX. Of a Catarrh or Deſluxion.

A Catarrh is a Deſluxion of excrementitious humours from the head into the inferiour parts. The braine requiring much nouriſhment, muſt neceſſarily void much excrements, which if they are in quantity moderate, and naturall, they are received into the fore-Ventricles, and conveid to the moiſt gladules, and ſpit out from the Palat; If it grow more plentifull, yet naturall, it is diſperſed through the films of the brain, and ſent forth by the Noſtrill as well as the Palat. But when the brain is weak, and affected with diſtempers, and receiveth more nouriſhment then it can concoct, it aboundeth with excrements, which by their quality and quantity overcome the retentive, and provoke the expulſive faculties, and ſo evacuate themſelves by unuſuall and improper wayes, to the diſturbance of the whole body.

The cauſe of this diſtemper proceeds from want of a good concoction in the brain, and this proceeds either from a hot or cold diſtemper.

A hot diſtemper doth attract more nouriſhment then nature can ſufficiently digeſt. A cold diſtemper turneth the nouriſhment, brought to the brain, to flegme or water. Cold, groſſe, and ſlimy meats hinders a good concoction, and windy meats ſend up many vapours to the head.

Add to theſe many externall cauſes, as Southerly winds, long ſleepe upon a full ſtomach, eſpecially an idle life, &c. And though this be accounted a diſeaſe of the head, yet the principall cauſe lyeth in the inferiour parts, in which evill humours are collected, as the Liver, Spleen, Meſentery, Womb, &c. from whom, not only vapours, but even the humours themſelves are ſent to the head, and deſcend to the inferiour parts againe; a hot diſtemper of the Bowells, like an Alembeck ſend continuall vapours to the head; a cold diſtemper engenders crude humours, which are alſo many times drawn up thither. Coſtiveneſſe or obſtructions in the lower belly, which hinder the avoiding of excrements, they not finding their ordinary paſſage fly up to the braine, which, by reaſon of its weakneſſe, and looſe and ſoft ſubſtance, is forced to yeeld to the ſtronger parts disburthening themſelves upon it. The Impulſive cauſes are too much heat or cold in the braine: too much heat doth extenuate and diff ſe the humours, and this happeneth to the head, heated by the Sun, fire, covering, &c. Coldneſſe doth compreſſe the head, and ſtraines forth the humours therein contained, as a ſpunge is ſqueeſed in the hand. A Catarrh is cauſed by a Communication of cold humours, to the braine, from the feet, conveighed by the chiefeſt Nerves, which run through the Marrow of the back: The ſtoppage or cloſure of the externall pores, when the body requireth ſweat is the cauſe of a Catarrh; hence it commeth to paſſe that Catarrhs are moſt frequent in Autumne, viz. the body being made thin in the Summer, and the pores open, evacuating excrements by ſweat and inſenſible tranſſpiration: in Autmune the pores being ſudainly ſtopt, by reaſon of the contraction of ſudaine cold, which cauſeth many vapours to fly to the head. Many more cauſes might be inſtanced, but I fear I ſhall grow too voluminous, and what I have ſaid is ſufficient to ſtirr up ingenious wits to further diſcoveries. I ſhall add a few words, of the nature of the parts receiving this Defluxion, which by reaſon of their weakneſſe are forced to receive the burthen laid upon them, by the ſtronger parts, like the inferiour Commons, who are forced to bear the heavy impoſitions of their inſulting Superiours. The Lungs is naturally weak by reaſon of its ſoftneſſe and looſeneſſe, which maketh the part ſit to receive Defluxions; want of naturall heat, cauſed by a cold diſtemper, maketh the part unable to reſiſt Defluxions: A wound or Ulcer in the part, cauſeth the humours to flow thither, if you take notice of Iſſues, and Cauteries, you will ſcarcely doubt of the truth of it: So doth any inflammation or unnaturall heat in the Lungs; Conſider of this and you may be able to give a reaſon of conſumptions of the Lungs, Plureſies, and ſpitting of bloody matter. The humours, which cauſe a Catarrh, flow from the brain internally or externally: internally, if the humours fall upon the breaſt, it is called a Catarrh or Defluxion: If upon Aſpera Arteria, it is called Raucedo or hoarſneſſe: If it flows into the Noſtrills, it cauſeth Coryza, Ozena, or Polypus: If it falls upon the Nerves, it produceth numbneſſe, Palſy, Convulſion, trembling; if in the Eares, deafneſſe; if in the eyes, Inflamation, Teares, blindneſſe; if upon the Uvula or Palat it cauſeth a ſwelling, loofneſſe or Ulcer there: if it fall into the throat, the Quinſie follows; if on the Lungs, Inflammation, Pleuriſie, ſhortneſſe of breath, Cough, Conſumption. If it falls into the Stomach, vomiting and want of appetite enſues, if into the bowells, Dyarrhea, or Dyſentery: and ſometimes it floweth into the Veins with the blood and cauſeth a Feaver called Febris Catarrhalis, and is the fore-runner of the joynt gout, and Eryſipelas. Sometimes the humours flow from the head externally, without the skull under the skin; theſe humours fall into the Eyes, Teeth, Neck, and other externall parts: therefore it is rightly conceived, by many learned men, that the greateſt part of the diſeaſes, incident to the body of man, have their originall from the head: Such whoſe bodys are ſpare and ſlender, eaſily penetrated by heat or cold; or ſuch as are groſſely compact, and have not free tranſpiration: Such who have weak and cold braines, that cannot diſcuſſe, nor concoct the humours or vapours therein contained; or thoſe whoſe braines are ſo hot as to attract too many vapours; Such, whoſe Stomachs and Livers are contrary in quality, viz. one hot, the other cold, are men ſubject to Catarrhs or defluxions.

The ſigne of this diſeaſe may eaſily be gathered from the Cauſes, the approach of this diſeaſe may be diſcovered by the following Symptoms, viz. by heavineſſe of the head, dullneſſe of the ſenſes, long ſleep, a ſnotty noſe, much ſpitting, coſtiveneſſe of the body, and much wind; when the diſeaſe is perfect, the flowing humours are plainly felt, with ſwellings and paines in divers parts: If the defluxion be of cold humours, then will the body be ſenſible of cold, the face pale, the habit of the body generally flegmatick, troubled with ſoure belchings, ſweet, ſlimy and wateriſh ſpittle. If it be a hot diſtillation, the habit of the whole body is Cholerick; the parts affected inflamed and painfull, the face red, much thirſt, a ſalt and ſharp humour in the mouth. I need not tell you how an externall defluxion may be knowne from an internall, but take notice, that if there appeare plenty of humours, the Catarrh is more dangerous, for by a ſuddaine defluxion, deſperate accidents may follow.

If age, ſtrength, and the ſeaſon permit, or if the body abound with blood, or the Liver be too hot, (as it often happens in this diſtemper) breathe a veine at the beginning of the cure, the contrary prohibiting Phlebotomy. You muſt firſt prepare the matter, then gently purge the head, afterwards more ſtrongly purge the peccant humours: out of the former Chapters you may find, what purges are convenient, with reſpect to the humour offending, Coloquintida hath an excellent faculty to purge the head, but by reaſon of its violent operation, is not fit for common uſe; therefore uſe it not without good advice In this diſeaſe alſo it is good to uſe Maſticatories, and Gargariſmes, when the humours fall into the eyes or noſe, &c. Errhines, and ſneeſing powders when it falls upon the Breaſt, Lungs, &c. Iſſues behind the neck or eares are found, by experience, a gallant remedy for a Catarrh. I ſhall not here trouble my ſelfe or the reader, to inſert examples of the aforegoing medicines; the Chapters beforegoing, together with every Artiſts ingenuity will ſufficiently inſorme. Take this for a generall rule, that when a Catarrh or Deflaxion is cauſed by excrementitious humours, flowing from any of the inferior parts, by reaſon of the naturall paſſage, being ſtopped, you muſt open the obſtruction, by often purging, or by medicines regarding the nature of the obſtruction, and by that meanes turn the humours offending into their naturall channell; after convenient Evacuations, with internall and externall medicines. labour to corroborate the head, and dry up the humours, Internall medicines may be prepared thus, or after this manner. Take of Coriander ſeed prepared, and Coltsfoot dryed, Nutmegs, and Frankinſence of each halfe an ounce; Liquoris, Maſtick and Cubebs, of each two drachms, flos Sulphuris, three drachms: Conſerve of red Roſes one ounce, with a pound of white Sugar diſſolved in Popy-water make rolls, weighing three drachms or half an ounce: Take one morning and Evening. Or you may make Troches in this manner, Take of the beſt Frankincenſe, and juice of Liquoris, of each one drachm: Lac Sulphuris, half a drachm: Opium, Saffron, and Mirrh of each one ſcruple; the oyles of Anniſe-ſeed and Nutmegs, of each three drops, with Diacedium, as much as ſufficeth, to make Troches; or if you pleaſe you may make them into pills: and take halfe a drachm morning and evening. It is good to apply bags of hearbs to the fore part of the head, which have a drying quality, ſhave the fore part of the head, and apply the gum Sacamahaca, ſpread upon a cloath in the forme of a plaiſter, and add thereto a little Mirrh; or if you make a fume thereof, and ſhut the Chamber cloſe, it profiteth. If the defluxion proceed from a hot cauſe, you muſt adminiſter medicines, which have power to thicken the humours, to repel, and evacuate it: you muſt likewiſe correct the diſtempers, and fortifie the parts both ſending and receiving, and that you may ſo do, you muſt revel or pull b ck the humours by Phlebotomy, if nothing hinder it. You muſt thicken the humours, by adminiſtring Juleps, made of the Waters of Plantane, Purſlane, Lettice; the Sirrups of Poppies, Violets, Water-Lillies, of dryed Roſes, and Meconium, and ſuch like. Having thus thickned and prepared the humours, you muſt evacuate them by gentle Purgatives; Take of the Beſtrhabarb a drachm, infuſe lit in any of the afore-named waters (as much as is ſufficient for a potion) ſix hours in warm Embers, ſtrain it out, and add to the liquour one ounce of Manna, and as much Sirrup of dryed Roſes, and adminiſter it: To make the potion ſtronger, you may diſſolve therein Catholicon, Diapranam Solative, or Lenitive, Confectio Hamech, &c. or ſuch like, having reſpect to the age and ſtrength of your Patient, and humour offending. You muſt endeavour to reſtrain the Flux thus; take of Conſerve of Roſes one ounce, Diatraganthum Frigidum, and Palyis Haly, of each a drachm, Bolearmenick prepared with Roſe-water a drachm; with the Emulſion of the four great cold Seeds, and Sirrup of dryed Roſes, make an Opiate, and give the quantity of a Nutmeg to bedward. Theſe Troches are much commended, take Gum-Dragant, and Arabick, of each two drams: Bolearmenick, and Terra Sigillata waſhed in Roſewater, of each one drachm; White Poppy ſeeds, and Juyce of Liquoriſh, of each half a drachm; Sugar-penid one ounce, with the Muſilage of Quince-ſeeds, extracted with Roſewater, make Troches to be held in in the mouth day and night.

The Spirit of Sulphur, and Vitriol given three or four drops in a convenient Julep, morning and evening, worketh no ſmall effects againſt a defluxion, eſpecially if it proceed from an inflammation of the bowels. If you find the Diſeaſe too ſtubborn to yield to theſe medicines, you muſt make uſe of Narcoticks, of which Laudanum is none of the worſt, four or five grains given at bed-time. Faventius extolleth theſe Pills in a Salt Catarrh, or defluxion of ſalt humours. Take of the juyce of Liquoris two drachms, waſhed Aloes one drachm, Pillulae de Cynogloſſo half a drachm, with Sirrup of Violets, make a Maſs, and take a ſcruple thereof at bed-time. It is convenient to make pouders to apply to the head, which have power to ſtrengthen, to ſtop the defluxion, and conſume the humours. Take of white Amber, Benjamin, Maſtich, Nutmegs, of each half an ounce: Betony, Sage, Roſemary, Lavender, Marjarome, of each half a handful: Frankinſenſe, graits of Kermes, Red-roſes, Peony ſeeds and Poppy heads, of each two drachms: Sanders, Myrtles, Cyprus nuts, and Pomegranate flowers, of each one drachm; make a powder for the lining of a Cap or Quilt: or if you had rather, you may make a plaiſter with the ſame Simples, with Wax and Oyl of Rofes, according to art: and apply it to the head, being firſt ſhaved.

CHAP. X. Of Diſeaſes of the Eyes, and firſt of the Diſeaſes proceeding from Obſtruction in the Optick Nerves.

IN the former book having given you a brief account of this worthy member, and what varicty of wonderful operations, God and Nature hath placed in ſo little a ſubject; yet of the parts and faculties thereof, it is too hard a task for the moſt exquiſite Philoſopher to conceive aright; or for the moſt eloquent Orator, to expreſs ſuch wonderful notions: But, ſeeing God hath indued every man with this member, by whoſe curious inſpection, he is inabled to pry into all things; it is the duty of every Naturaliſt to exerciſe this member in finding out its own conſtitution, and curing the diſtemper and maladies, to which it is ſubject. For the benefit of thoſe, who want better helps, I ſhall, as briefly as may be, diſcover the diſeaſes and cures of the eye, as they are, in which work I adhere to the opinions of the wiſe and learned Phyſitians, verified by Reaſon, and my own Experience.

Sometimes it happeneth, that the ſight of the eye is totally extinguiſhed, and no fault appears in the eye: And this cometh to paſs, either by obſtruction or adſtriction of the Optick Nerves; and is called by the Latines, Gutta Serena, and Amaureſis. Obſtruction (for the moſt part) is the cauſe of this Diſeaſe, which happeneth by the flowing down of a watry humour upon the Nerves, which cauſeth blindneſs, or dimneſs of ſight: the like obſtruction happening to the other Nervs, cauſeth the Palſie. Adſtriction or compreſſion ſometimes happeneth by ſome moiſt humour gathered about the Optick Nerves, as blood or filthy matter, gathered In the brain, ſometimes bp humours, ſometimes by inflammation, in malignant Feavers, and may be the cauſe of this Diſeaſe. For the Nerves being thus obſtructed or compreſſed, the animal Spirits cannos paſs from the brain to the eyes. To this I may add, that in caſe by a wound in the head, the Optick Nerves be cut, without controverſie it cauſeth blindneſs. The ſign of this Diſeaſe, is the loſs of ſight, and the eye appearing in its natural condition, onely the Pupilla, or ſight of the eye, looketh wider, blacker, and dimmer: the difference of cauſes is thus known: If the cauſe be blood or choler, ſome inflammation, impoſtume, or wound in the head hath gone before. If the Nerves are compreſſed by Flegme, gathered about the roots of the eyes, all or moſt of the head is affected, and the other ſenſes are hurt: but if it be obſtruction of the Optick Nerves, the eye is onely affected, or the fore-part of the head about the eye-hrows, beareth part of the affliction. If the Diſeaſe proceed from an obſtruction in the Optick Nerves, and the ſight be totally loſt, for the moſt part the Diſeaſe is incurable: but if the obſtruction be imperfect, that is to ſay, the ſight much diminiſhed, and the Patient not totally blind, then there is hope of recovery. If it happen by humours gathered into the fore-part of the head, compreſſing the Nerves, it is curable.

For the Cure, the head muſt be cleanſed by medicines, which effectually purge thoſe humours, which compreſs or obſtruct the Nerves; but remember, that as you cannot free the Nerves, without purging the whole head, ſo you cannot cleanſe the head without purging the whole body. It is good that the Patient avoid a thick, cold, cloudy, and moiſt ayr, and frequent the contrary. Let him eſchew all meats that are groſs, or yield a groſs juyce, ſuch as are windy, hot ſpices, or whatever fills the head with vapours. It is good to put the ſeed of Fenel into his bread. Let his meat for his ſauce be extenuating, as Betony, Eyebright, Fenel, Hyſop, Marjarom, Sage: Nutmeg alſo doth much comfort the brain, and clears the ſight, as 'tis generally believed: Let the aforeſaid hearbs likewiſe be boiled in his broth: Lettice and ſuch ilke cold herbs are very hurtful; Turneps are highly commended, and 'tis proved they clear the ſight, being often eaten: Pidgeons, Sparrows, and ſuch like Fowls are ſaid to be a good food for ſuch who are thus diſeaſed. Let him eat no Supper, if he eat any, let it be light, and not too late. Then let him make uſe of this Diet-drink following. Take of Bettony, Eyebright, Celandine the great, Fenel, Balm, Marjarom, Sage, and Vervain, of each two handfuls: the roots of Elecompane, Fenel, Flowerdeluce, Liquoris, and Sawſaparilla ſliced, of each one handful: the Seeds of Coriander, Anice, and Fenel, of each one ounce: the ſlowers of Roſ-mary and Lavender, of each a handful: Raiſons of the Sun ſtoned, and blew Figs ſliced, of each a pound: Senna two ounces: Let all theſe be infuſed ſix hours, in a ſufficient quantity of Wort, upon hot Embers, then tunned up in four gallons of Newbear, let them work together: Let the Patient drink a draught every morning till the Cure be perfected, unleſs ſome other medicine intervene. You muſt purge the body often, as you ſee cauſe, either with gentle or ſtronger purges; let them be Pills, and ſuch as purge the humour oftending; of which you ſhall have a particular account in the fourth book.

If your Patient be not old, and you finde blood abound, you may open a vein: the opening of the particular veins of the head, eſpecially thoſe that are neareſt the eyes, have often proved ſucceſsful, becauſe the veins, by reaſon of their fulneſs of blood, have compreſſed the Optick Nerves.

Sometimes the application of Cupping-glaſſes, Veſicatories, and Cauteries, to the hinder part of the head or neck, to the ſhoulders or back, have been attended with admirable ſucceſs. After due evacuation, it is convenient to dry up the humours by a ſudorifick Diet-drink, made and uſed, as is deſcribed in the ſecond Chapter; adding ſuch hearbs, as have a ſpecial property to cure the eyes, viz. Celandine, Ey-bright, Fennel, and Vervain. If you ſee occaſion to dry up the moiſt humours of the head, make uſe of ſuch powders, bags, and caps preſcribed in the fore-poing Chapters. Alſo ſulphurous and Bituminous Bathes profit much.

The Gloſſie and Cryſtalline humours of the Eye are ſubject to infirmities and diſorder: the firſt is ſubject to a mixture, with other humours; and this Diſeaſe is hard to diſcover; but muſt be cured by cleanſing the head and optick nerves, and repelling and diſcuſſing the humour, which mixeth with the vitrous humour, and maketh it dusky. This humour alſo may be diſordered, in reſpect of its ſcituation, when it is brought before the Cryſtalline, and ſo diminiſheth the ſight. This Diſeaſe is hardly diſtinguiſhed from a Cataract, onely it differeth in the cauſe; for a Cataract cometh by a defluxion of humour; this from a blow or contuſion, and is uncurable: ſometimes it happeneth that Nature works a cure, and reduceth it to its place again; but no man as yet can imitate her, therefore we leave the buſineſs to her diſpoſing.

The Cryſtalline humour is the chief inſtrument of ſight, and if any defect happen to it, that it be not pure nor perſpicuous, the viſive ſpirits cannot exerciſe their office. This humour doth often ſuffer prejudice through ſome drying and condenſing cauſe, as it often happens to ancient people, where the aforeſaid cauſe changeth the Cryſtaline humour to redneſs. The ſign of this Diſeaſe is a thick White about the ſight of the Eye, and every object appeareth to the Patient as through a Cloud: It is called Glaucoma, and differeth from a Cataract in this, viz. a Cataract lyeth in the Pupilla, or ſight near Cornea, but Glaucoma lyeth much deeper, and is uncurable, eſpecially in old people.

Somtimes the Cryſtalline humour is diſplaced, that it lyeth not directly againſt the Pupilla; ſometimes it lyeth too high, and ſometimes too low; and if one eye ſuffer, all things ſeem double: ſometimes vapours and water divide the viſive humours, and cauſeth the objects to be received into two places. Sometimes the Cryſtalline humour is removed and brought nearer to the Pupilla, and things that are near, are not ſo eaſily ſeen, as things farther of. But if it be removed backward, things near are plainly ſeen, but not afar of; the uſe of Spectacles are profitable in this caſe. Sometimes the Cryſtalline humour lyeth to the right, or to the left ſide, ſo that more White appeareth on one ſide, then on the other, and this we call Strabiſmus, or Squinting, this alſo is uncurable, unleſs it happeneth that the muſcles of the eyes be diſplaced by convulſion, or palſie, for if it ſo happeneth, it is uncurable. Sometimes there happeneth an inverſion of the Cryſtalline humour, ſo that the objects ſeem ſoulded or crooked: But theſe Diſeaſes being uncurable by medicines, I ſhall preſcribe none.

CHAP. XI. Of a Cataract.

A Cataract is cauſed or bred by a diſtemper of the watry humour of the eye, which diſtemper is in quantity or quality: if in quantity, it cauſeth a dilatation of the Pupilla; of which I ſhall ſpeak in the next Chapter. If the diſtemper be in quality, it proceeds from a mixture of excrementitious humours with the watry humour: In the beginning of this diſtemper, the ſight being a little darkened, it is called Suffuſion; but when it is gathered about the Pupilla (like water) they call it Aqua-water; but when it is gathered thick about the Pupilla, it is called a Cataract. If Choler be the humour mixed with the watry humour, the Cataract appeareth ſomewhat citrine or yellow: if melancholy, then is the Cataract more dull and blackiſh: If it be white as chalk, it ſignifieth a thick and compacted matter: if it be of the colour of Pearl, then ſlime and tranſparent flegme is the humour offending.

There are two ſorts of Cataracts, a true, and a Baſtard-cataract: A true Cataract doth for the moſt part effect one eye onely; and if both be affected, they are not alike, nor affected at the ſame time, as in the ſpurious Cataract. In a true Cataract, or Suftnſion, a derk matter appeareth in the Pupilla, which doth not in the other. But here let the Reader beware, leſt he fall into error; for this doth not always hold, as a ſure diſtinguiſhing rule: for if the humour be as thin as the warry humour, nothing appeareth; and many upon this ground have thought it to be Gutta Serena: but there is a great difference between Gutta Serena, and this: for in Gutta Serena the ſight is quite left, or at leaſt much diminiſhed, and no fault appear in the Pupilla: But it is not ſo in this Suffuſion, which cannot be ſeen; for the ſight is but a little diminiſhed, becauſe the humour being thin and tranſparent, the objects pierce it like glaſs.

Though I need ſay nothing of the ſigns of this Diſeaſe, it being eaſie to gather the ſigns from the cauſes, yet I ſhall and a few words. In the beginning of a Suffuſion, certain ſmall Bodges, as hairs, flyes, cobwebs, gnats, wool, and ſuch like, ſly before the eyes, as it grows on the ſymptomes, are more evident, and the objects appear as through a glaſs, when it is perfect: the Pupilla is changed in colour, and the ſight is totally loſt: what the colours denote, I have already laid down. If the matter of the Cataract appear dark, it lyeth between Chorion (or Uyea) and Cornea, and the Pupilla is dilated, and white or red veins appear about the circle of the eye: if the contrary appear, judge that the matter lyeth between the Chriſtalline, and Uvea. If the matter lye deep, the Pupilla is contracted, if higher enlarged. When the Cataract if newly begun, and the Patient can ſee, as thoug a clad; if he be young, and the ſeaſon ſutable, it may be cured: On the contrary, if it be confirmed, and the matter groſs, it yields not to medicines, but muſt be couched with a needle.

And ſeeing I ſpeak of couching give me leave to tell you, that 'tis a dangerous operation, and often attended with bad ſucceſs; but if you finde it needful, and likely to be prevalent, make uſe of a near-handed Chyrurgeon; and that you may know, whether it be likely or no to be cured, conſider a few rules. Sign. of care, by couching, are theſe: If when the ſound eye be ſhut, the Pupilla of the eye affected appear larger, and perceive ſome light, there is hopes of cure: if the contrary appear, judge accordingly. A black, green, yellow, and hard Cataract, never yieldeth to medicine, ſeldome to the Needle: Attempt not the operation on old men, nor children: You muſt alſo conſider, before you attempt this operation, whether the Suffuſion be ripe and ſit for couching; or whether it be not grown too hard. The firſt you muſt try thus; preſs down the eye affected with your finger, and if you alter the ſhape of the, Suffuſion, and when your finger is off it, returneth to its former ſtation, then is it thin, and not ripe: but it the contrary appear, it may be couched with a Needle: But here note, that it muſt be moderate, and not too compact, but like a skin that will rowl upon the Needle; if it be thick and ſolid like chalk, or hail, it cannot be couched.

For the cure, you muſt obſerve the ſame rules preſcribed in the former Chapter, you muſt uſe and abſtain from the ſame kind of diet; you muſt uſe general and particular Evacuations; you muſt revel the humours offending, and ſtrengthen the head and eyes. Then you muſt come to Topical medicines, and though I am (almoſt) of Galens opinion, who ſaith they are little worth, for they promiſe more then they can perform, yet Experience hath taught, and Authors have confirmed, that Cataracts, which have not been of long continuance, but taken in the beginning, have been cured by Topicks, after the uſe of the medicines before mentioned; therefore I ſhall inſert a few of them, and leave the Ingenious to find out more.

Firſt, you muſt make a Fomentation of ſuch things, as have power to mollifie and diſſolve: Take of Celendine, Fenel, Eye-bright, of each one handful; of Rue, Vervain, Clary, of each half a handful; Melilot, Chamomel Flowers, and Red-Roſe leaves, of each one pugil: Fenugreek ſeed one ounce: boil them in a pint and a half of Spring water, to the conſumption of the half pint, then put in a half pint of White-Wine, and let it boil a little. Strein it out, and with clothes wet it in the liquor, ſoment the eyes every morning, ſo long as you ſee occaſion. If you waſh the eyes with Red-Wine, ſometimes it hinders the defluxion, diſcuſſeth and diſſolveth. It is good to let a child lick the eye, after it hath eaten ſweet Fenel ſeeds. Infuſe Crocus Metallorum in White-Wine, and waſh the eye with the Wine; or after a ſufficient infuſion, pour off the Wine clear, and with ſweet Fenel and Fenugreek ſeed, of each one ounce; of Aloes half an ounce, Saffron a drachm; beat them, and ſearſe them into fine powder, the blood of a young Pidgeon hot, the weight of them all, with the aforeſaid Wine, what is ſufficient to make a ſoft Pultis, and apply it warm to the eye at night; take it off in the morning. Or ſlit a young Pidgeon, and lay it to the eye. Then you muſt come to make uſe of Topical Medicines called Collyries, which many times (by Galens favour) hath good ſucceſs, if the Cataract be not too much confirmed Take the leaves of Rue, Fenel, Vervain, Celendine, and Eyebright, of each one handful; Centaury the leſs, Burnet, Avens, Sage, of each a half handful; Fenel roots, and the roots of round Birthwort, of each a half pound; Red roſe leaves, and White-violet leaves, of each one ounce; Radiſh ſeed, and Fenugreek ſeed, of each one drachm; Ammoniacum, and the Natural Balſome, of each a drachm; Tutty two drachms: pouder thoſe that are to be poudered the heaths and roots ſhred and ſliced; put to them White-Wine, honey, and the urine of a Boy, as much as may wet them all, viz. Of White Wine three parts; of the Urine two, and honey one; then diſtil them in Balneo Marîae: drop the water into the eyes, morning and evening: regarding the courſe and medicines before preſcribed. Joſephus Quercetanus, in his Pharmacopaea, doth much commend this following Water, viz. Take of the water of the greater Celandine ſix ounces. Crocus Metallorum one drachm; infuſe it in the ſame water, and drop two or three drops into the eye, three or four times a day as long as need requireth.

I could inſert many more Receipts of Learned and able men, but I fear my Book will ſwell too big: I ſhall onely inſert the Ointment of Zacutus Laſitanas, which he commends, for drying and purging the moiffure flowing into the eyes: Take of the Oyl of Roſes three ounces, white Roſe-water nine ounces: Camphire one drachm, Tutty one ſcruple, Honey two ounces, the Gall of a Goat half an ounce, Lupin meat half a drachm, Aloes Succotrine one dram, Sugar-candy half a drachm, the juyce of Horehound, Fennel, and Rue, of each half an ounce, Mirrh one ſcruple, Ammoniacum half a drachm, Saicocol one dram and a half.

Pouder them that are to be poudered, mixe them, and boil them a little with a gentle fire; and with the greaſe of a Goat or Sheep, and a little Wax, make an Ointment accorbing to Art; anoint the Eye-brows twice in a day, three hours after meat, which will purg plenty of water out of the head, through the corner of the eye.

When you have finiſhed your Cure, whether by M •… es, 〈◊〉 by the Needle, you muſt keep your Patient 〈…〉 of Phyſick, for fear of a Relapſe, and adminiſter ſuch things as threaten the head and eyes, and hinder defluxion: It is good to waſh the head and eyes, every morning, with white wine, wherein hath he en infuſed ſweet Fennel ſeed in pouder, till they ſmart; but for other medicines, to ſtrengthen the head and eyes, I refer you to the preceding Chapter.

CHAP. XII. Of the enlarging, and dilating: of the ſtraitening or contracting of the Pupilla.

THis Diſeaſe is called in Greek Mydriaſis, becauſe too much light going in, hurteth the ſight: hence it is, that thoſe that are thus diſtempered, ſee better in a darkiſh place than in the light. And this may be demonſtrated by the natural change of the Pupilla (in ſound eyes) in bright and obſcure places. For when a man is in a bright and clear place, the Pupilla is contracted and made leſs, leſt the light, going in too faſt, ſhould diſſipate the ſpirits: ſo that a man going ſuddenly out of a very light place, into a houſe or place more obſcure, at the firſt entry he ſeeth (almoſt) nothing at all, the Pupilla being ſo lately contracted: he remaining in the ſame place, the Pupilla is ſoon dilated or enlarged to receive more light, and then he ſeeth perfectly thoſe things, which before he could not. Then if he go out ſuddenly into a very light place his eyes are dazled, and he ſeeth not perfectly, becauſe the Pupilla is enlarged, and the Light going in ſo faſt, doth diſſipate and diſpierſe the Viſive Spirits. Hence you perceive, that the Light ought to paſs into the Eye in a moderate quantity, and the Pupilla ought to be of a moderate ſize. Hence Galen obſerves, that they who are born with narrow Pupillas, ſee beſt.

The Pupilla is enlarged, or contracted by dryneſs, or repletion. It is enlarged by dryneſs, which ſtretcheth the Uvea, which maketh the form of the Pupilla larger; as Leather being pierced, when it is dry, the hole is larger, and this proceeds from Feavers, and ſuch drying Diſeaſes, which are attended with want of ſleep. So may the Pupilla be ſtraitned by dryneſs, when the Tunicle Uvea, by reaſon of the diminiſhing of the humours of the Eye, loſeth its former extenſion, falls together, and is wrinkled, and ſo the hole of the Pupilla is made ſtreighter: whereas in the former the Tunicle though dry, holdeth its extenſion. It is made larger alſo by repletion, namely by vapours or wind ſent unto the Eye, or by the extraordinary flowing of the watry and other humours to the eye, or by the ſwelling of Uvea it ſelf, it is diſtended, and the Pupilla made larger: So the ſame watry humour may work a contrary effect, namely by relaxing the ſame Tunicle, and by that means making the hole ſtreighter: The Pupilla is inlarged ſometimes by Convulſion, as may be ſeen by ſome Epileptick Children: Sometimes a ſtroak or fall, may cauſe a deflaxion into the eyes, hence comes extenſion; retenſion of the Spirits cauſeth wind and humours, and that cauſeth diſtenſion of the Pupilla, and ſometimes the Pupilla is made ſtreighter, by reaſon of the want of the viſive ſpirits to extend the Tunicles, for want of which they are relaxed, and fall together, as may be ſeen in old men.

Theſe Diſeaſes, though they are contrary, yet are to be cured by the ſame medicines; remember this, that if theſe Diſeaſes be of long continuance, and in ancient people, they are (without doubt) incurable. But if the Patient be young, and the Diſeaſe of no long continuance, you muſt proceed, with this conſideration, that the cure muſt be varied according to the variety of cauſes: If it proceed from dryneſs, you muſt refreſh the body with medicines which are moiſt and reſtaurative; and ſuch you ſhall finde in the cure of the Hective Feaver. If it comes from a humour filling the Eye, you muſt purge and cleanſe the head and whole body of that humour, as you are taught in the cure of a Cataract. If from Wind, after due Evacuations, you muſt labour to diſcuſs the Wind, with the decoction of Fennel, Rue, Dill, Cammomel, Red-Roſes made in Red Roſe Water, and White-Wine, and the Eyes fomented therewith. If there be occaſion for Aſtriagent Medicines, to bring the Pupilla (being enlarged) to its former ſtate, make uſe of this following, taught by Ryverius. Take of Red-Roſes dryed two Scruples; Saffron, Spicknard, and the Bark of Frankinſenſe tree, of each half a ſcruple: Tutty prepared, Burnt-Ivory, and Acatia, of each one ſcruple: make them into fine pouder, and tie it up in a fine linnen rag, and hang it in three ounces of Red Roſe water; woen you have occaſion to uſe it, ſqueez the cloaih, and drop the water into the eyes, and waſh them therewith. If a blow in the eye cauſeth an inflammation, cure it as the inflammation of the eye: but if by the blow, the Pupilla be enlarged without inflammation, drop in a drop or two of Pidgeons blood: and apply a Cataplaſme, made with Beanflower, and Red-Roſes, juyce of Plantane, and Redroſe water.

CHAP. XIII. Of the Pin and Web.

THE Tunicle, called Cornea, ſometimes loſeth its colour and brightneſs; ſomtimes it grows thick by drineſs, as in old men, and is incurable. Sometimes groſs humours are faſtened to it, by reaſon of inflamation. Sometimes by reſolving Medicines, the thinner humours are diſſolved, and the thicker remain: or by the uſe of cold medicines, the humours are thickned, and a white humour is contracted, which is called by ſome Leucona; by others Albugo, commonly a Pin and Web. Sometimes it comes from a Sear, after an Ulcer, and ſo the Cornea loſeth its tranſparentreſs. Sometimes the Eye is bloud-ſhod, and that ſpoileth the natural colour of the Cornea, and this is called Sugillatio: Sometimes the Cornea is made yellow by the Jaundiſe. All theſe Diſeaſes are eaſily diſcovered, and their cauſes are laid down in the Deſcription: That which cometh after a Wound or Ulcer, and is a Scar, is not eaſily cured. But the cure of the Pin and Web conſiſts in Emollients, attenuating and diſcuſſing medicines. But the Antecedent cauſe muſt firſt be removed by univerſal evacuations, ſuch as are deſcribed in the 10. and 11. Chapters. Then you muſt ſoften the hard matter, with the decoction of Fenugreek, Mallows, Melilot, Celendine, Fenel, and the like. Then let a Child chew ſweet Fenel-ſeed, and afterwards liek the eye, or make a Water thus: Take of Honey a pint, the juyce of Fenel-Brooklime, and Celendine, of each half a pint. Sugar-candy diſſolved in the juyces an ounce, with the natural Balſome a ſcruple; clarifie them together, or diſtil them in Balneo Mariae, and drop it into the eye. The ſeed of Oculus Christi put into the eye, is good. If it be a ſcar, after the uſe of the former medicines, uſe the Water of Honey: afterwards, put a quantity of the Gall of an Ox to the Juyces before ſpoken of, and thicken it with Gum-Traganth. If the Eye be blood-ſhod, and yieldeth not to the fore-going medicine, you muſt ſeek its cure in the Chapter of the Cataract. As for the yellowneſs of the Eyes cauſed by the Jaundiſe, take away the cauſe, and the effect ceaſeth.

CHAP. XIV. Of the Inflammation of the Eyes.

THis Diſeaſe is called Ophthalmia, which is an inflammation of the Tunicle Adnata, and is ſometimes extended to the Cornea: By the Latines it is called Lippitudo, bloodſhonteſs: This Diſeaſe is divided into three kinds; the firſt is called Taraxis by the Greeks, and by the Latines Conturbatio, and it cometh from an external cauſe, viz. the Sun, Smoke, Oyl, Duſt, or the like. If it comes from an internal cauſe, namely from diſtempers of the ſtomach, it is called Phlogoſis, and is a light inflammation, but is the Original of the true Ophthaliny: which always proceeds from an internal cauſe, accompanied with tumour, redneſs, and pain, and a thick Exerement, called Lippa; from whence the Latines call it Lippitudo or bloodſhotneſs. The third ſort is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , in in Latine alſo Chimoſis, this is attended with vehement pain, and the eye-lids are ſo inverted, that they can ſcarcely cover the eye, the red covereth moſt part of the Iris, and it proceedeth from repletion and flegmy humours. I might here ſhew you how Hippocrates hath divided theſe Diſeaſes; namely, a moiſt and dry Ophthalmy; the moiſt I have already ſpoken of, the dry he calleth 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , it wanteth humidity, and proceedeth from Choler, and aduſt Melaneholy; there are other ſubdiviſions, if there be itching joyned with it, he calleth it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; and if it come with hardneſs of the eye-lids 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . Galen mentions another, which he calleth Ophthalmia Tabida, which ends with a Conſumption, and loſs of the eye: this happeneth to them who have moiſt heads, and weak eyes, ſit to receive a defluxion. The immediate cauſes are defluxion, or congeſtion, and ſometimes both. The defluxion cometh from the head, either by the internal veins, which comes from the brain under the skull, or by the external veins, which come from the Pericranium to the Eyes.

Theſe ſigns demonſtrate the Diſeaſe, and the cauſe thereof; if redneſs appear without ſwelling, it is a Cont rbation: If ſwelling, heat, and tears, be joyned to the redneſs, then is it a perfect Ophthalmy: but if it cover the black of the eye, and invert the eyelids, then it is called Chimoſis. If blood abound, and cauſe the diſtemper, the eye and face will be red, and the veins ſwelled. If Choler be the cauſe, the Patient feeleth a pricking pain, ſharp tears, which corrode the cheeks and corners of the eyes. If it proceed from Flegme, the pain is heavy, many ſl my and glutin •… tious tears. If Melancholy cauſe the grief, the tumour is but ſmall, the colour of a dusky redneſs, few tears, the humour thick, the conſtitution of the Patient melancholy. If the defluxion come from the internal parts of the head, the pain will be felt inwardly, and about the roots of the eyes; if through the exterior veſſels the contrary ſigns appear, the veins of the forehead are diſtended, and there is much ſhooting about the Temples.

For the cure, the external cauſes muſt be removed, the antecedent cauſes evacuated, revelled, and repelled; the conjunct cauſe derived and diſcuſſed, and the parts affected, ſtrengthned.

Let the Patient obſerve an orderly and temperate Diet, and eat ſuch things that are of eaſie diſgeſture, let him avoid all ſharp and ſalt things, and ſuch as fume up to the head, and ſuch things as breed Choler: Let him abſtain from ſtrong drink; let moſt of his drink be Barley water: Let him avoid all motion, let him lie ſtill as long as he is able, and ſleep as long as he can. Let him keep his eyes ſhut, and what ever you do, endeavour to keep his body ſoluble.

Phlebotomy for the moſt part is convenient, but let it be regulated and moderated according to the conſtitution, ſtrength, age, and ſex of your Patient, and nature of the Diſeaſe.

If the body be Plethorick, and the Diſeaſe hath its original from blood, you muſt take away the greater quantity, for Galen in his book de curat. per ſang. miſ. reiateth how one was cured of an Ophthalmy by bloed-letting: firſt three pound, and four hours after one pound: underſtand this onely in the caſe before mentioned, though I could inſtance many caſes more, cited by eminent Authors and Fathers of Phyſick, yet let this ſerve for all to avoid prolixity. If onely one eye be affected, bleed your Patient on the contrary ſide. If you finde a ſtoppage of any accuſtomed evacuations, viz. the Terms or Hemorroid veins; if the firſt be ſtopped, open the Saphaena; if the other, bleed them with Leeches.

To make revulſion, ſome do apply Cupping-glaſſes to the ſhoulders and back: others open the veins of the head and temples, ſometimes the veins or the corners of the eyes, and behind the ears: and ſome bleed theſe veins by Leeches, all which are very profitable for derivation. When you have bled, and made ſufficient revulſion, you muſt purge the humour that offendeth, and cauſeth the blood to be inflamed; but firſt let the humours be prepared, then purge gently, and often; and if you ſee occaſion, after all this, you may purge more ſtrongly. Prepare the humours thus: Take of Endive, Succory, and Fumitory, of each one handful; Red. Roſe leaves one ounce; of the greater Cold-ſeeds half an ounce; Of Lettice and Poppyſeeds, of each two ſcruples: boil them in a quart of Spring water, to the conſumption of half, ſhrein it, and with Sirrup of Violets two ounces, and Sirrup of Fumitory one ounce, make a Julep for three potions: afterwards you muſt adminiſter ſuch medicines, as have power gently to carry away the peccant humours. Take of Caſſia newly drawn, one ounce and a half: Manna diſſolved in Roſe-water an ounce: Catholicon half an ounce, Powder of Rubarb two drachms, with Sugar ſufficient, make a Bolus for three times. If the body be ſlagmatick, purge with pills of Agarick, or Lucis Majores; but take this caution along with you, that you adminiſter no ſtrong purgation in this diſtemper, without the advice of an able Phyſition. After ſufficient Evacuations, you may profirably apply a Cataplaſme to the forehead and temples, that hath an aſtringent power, by which the humours flowing to the eyes may be ſtopt: Take of Bolearmonick, Maſtich, Frankinſence, Sanguis Draconis, and Wheatflower, of each one drachm; the powder of Lentils, and Red-Roſes, of each two ſeruples, with the White of an egge, juyce of Nettles, Vinegar of Roſes, of each a like quantity, ſufficient to make a Cataplaſme. An Apple roaſted with Frankincenſe and Maſtick in it, moiſten it with the White of an Egg beaten to water, and as much of a ſound womans breaſt-milk, make a Cataplaſme, and apply it to the eye; or with crums of bread, and womans milk, with a little Roſe water, you may make a convenient Cataplaſme.

Then you muſt prepare Collyries, Unguents, and Fomentations, which muſt be uſed with diſcretion, and varied as the pain or inflammation increaſeth, or decreaſeth, or as the humours are diſcuſſed or fixed, &c. out of the multiplicity of ſuch medicines, I ſhal inſert a few, and but a few, for brevities ſake.

Take the Salt of Lead one ſcruple, Sal-Armoniack ſix grains, Roſe-water and Plantine-water, of each three ounces, the White of an egge beaten to water, one ounce, let them be mixed therein, and the Salts well diſſolved, drop a little into the eye morning and evening. Quercetan commends the infuſion of Crocus Metallorum, made in Eye-bright, and Fenel-water, and uſed as before. Paenotus his Ointment is very good in theſe ocular inflmamations; and the way to prepare it is thus: Take of Tutry prepared an ounce and a half, Camphire one drachm, Verdegreece 12. grains; beat the Tutty and the Camphire together in a morter, into fine powder, likewiſe the Verdegreece by it ſelf: then take of freſh butter (or May butter, if you can have it) one ounce, Roſewater one drachm; boil them gently together, then take them from the fire: firſt put in the Camphire and Tutty, then the Verdegreece by degrees, ſtir them well together, and ſtrein them through a piece of Sarſenet, put it into a glaſs, and keep it for your uſe: anoint the inſide of the eye-lids, eſpecially about the corners, and you ſhal find eaſe, whether it be a moiſt or dry inflamation. If you make an Ointment of freſh butter, and juyce of Tobacco, you may do wonders in this caſe, but you muſt onely anoint the outſide of the eye lids. In the declination of the Diſeaſe, you may make a fomentation, which hath a power to diſcuſſe and reſolve, of the decoction of Camomel, Melliot, Roſes, Eyebright, and Marjerom, and with clothes foment the eyes.

If the Diſeaſe hath its original from a flegmatick humour, your reſolvents muſt be the ſtronger. Baths, alſo the drinking of Wine hath been approved, and much commended by Galen and Hippocrates, as a means to extenuate, diſſolve, diffuſe, and diſcuſs the thick humours gathered in the eyes, and to open obſtructions. If you find that the Ophthalmy is cauſed by defects of the brain, by defluxion, or a hot diſtemper of the Liver, then labour firſt to remove the cauſe, as the ſeveral Chapters, thereof entreating, will inſtruct you.

Sometimes if the humour cannot be reſolved, there is a ſuppuration and an Ulcer ſometimes followeth it, and ſometimes matter gathereth under the Cornea; this is called Hypopye, this cometh alſo ſometimes by a contuſion; ſometimes it covereth the Pupilla, and ſometimes compaſſeth the Circle of the eye, and is like a mans nail: Hence the Greeks call it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 : This Diſeaſe is known by the inflamation going before; the matter is white under the Cornea, and when the eye is moved, it hath a motion. For the cure of this, you muſt (if any of the inflamation remain) uſe the aforegoing medicines; afterwards do as you are taught in the cure of a Cataract.

Sometimes not onely in the Cornea, but alſo in the Adnata, little bliſters do ariſe, like little bubbles, like Pearls or Grumwel ſeed, it hath its original from a ſharp and watry humour: it is called Phlyctaenae: in the Adnata they are red, in the Cornea white within; but if they be on the outſide, they are black. They which are in Cornea are more dangerous, then thoſe that are in Adnata: and the more ſuperficial they are the leſs is the danger. The cure conſiſteth in the reſolving the matter conjoyned, and averting of the antecedent cauſe: labour to prevent a Suppuration, leſt an Ulcer follow. For the particular cure of this Diſeaſe, you muſt uſe thoſe medicines proper for the cure of the Ophthalmy.

After an Ophthalmy, and bliſters in the eyes, ulcers ſometimes happen in the aforeſaid Tunicles; when the humours there gathered, or the bliſters come to ſuppuration: and ſometimes they follow ſharp, corroding and watty humours flowing into the eys. Some of them are ſuperficial or profound, broad or narrow. A hollow narrow and hard Ulcer is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , in Latine Foſſula, or a little Ditch. An Ulcer that is broad, and not ſo deep, is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; that which cometh in the Circle of the eye is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , or Ulcus coronale. They that are deep, ſolid, hard, and cruſty, are called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . If the Ulcer be in the Cornea, there will be a ſmall white blemiſh in the black of the eye: If it be in the Adnata, there will be a ſmall red blemiſh in the white of the eye, becauſe the Adnata is full of blood. All Ulcers in the eyes are dangerous, and hard to cure, but more in the Cornea, than in the Adnata: If it happen in the? pilla, though it be cured, it much prejudiceth the ſight, becauſe it leaveth a ſcar, which hindereth the perſpicuity of the Cornea. For the Cure, you muſt uſe ſuch medicines as dry and cleanſe moderately ſuch as aſſwage pain, and revel, and reſtrain the humours flowing upon the eyes. You can ſcarcely read thus far, and be ignorant of particular medicines; yet for the benefit of the unskilful, I ſhall inſert one or two: Take an egg boiled hard, pilled and cut in two pieces: take out the yolk, and fill the hollow with Sugar-candy, and Mirth in Powder, tie them laſt, and hang them up in a Cellar, and a Water will drop from it, which is good to cleanſe the eye without pain: the water of honey diſtilled, hath been found very effectual. But if theſe medicines are not ſtrong enough, do as followeth: Take of Plantane, Vervane, and White roſe water, of each one ounce, honey two ounces, the Whites of ten new laid eggs, boiled hard; of Mirth, Tutty, and the white Troches of Raſis, of each a drachm, Sarcocol, Frankincence, Aloes, and Ceruſe, of each half a drachm: pouder them that are to be powdered, and mixe them all in a ſtone morter; then put them into a ſmal glaſs body with a head and receiver, and diſtil it in Balneo: This Water is excellent againſt Ulcers in the eys. Theſe three Diſeaſes I thought good to annex to the cure of the inflamation of the eyes, having a dependency thereupon.

CHAP. XV. Of the Cancer, and Rupture of the Cornea.

SOmetimes a Cancer groweth up, and is perfected in the eye, of which there is two ſorts, either occult, or ulcerated: The occult is called a Cancerous Tumor, or Cancer of the Eye: The ulcerated is called a cancerous ulcer in the eye: It is known by a blew, leaden colour, and unequal hardneſs, the veins adjoyning are very full and blew, and the eye, the temples, and the whole head is afflicted with a ſtrong and pricking pain. If the Diſeaſe be fixed and perfect, it is incurable, except it be taken away by manual operation, but if it be taken in the beginning, it may be cured: you muſt adminiſter convenient Phyſick, and adjoyn a ſutable diet. You muſt draw bloud on the ſame ſide: if you finde occaſion, bleed the Hemorrhoid veins by Leeches, and apply them behind the ears: after the uſe of theſe, or the like revulſions, purge melancholy often, and gently: once or twice a week (if the body be ſtrong enough) purge with the extract of black Hellebore. Theſe remedies will much diminiſh the humours, and decreaſe the pain, after which you muſt uſe Topicks, ſuch as have prepared Tutty, and the white Troches in them, for which have recourſe to the preceding Chapter. The fleſh of young Pigeons or Chickens applyed to the Cancer, hath been found very available.

The Rupture of the Cornea, is when the Tunicle is ſo divided, that the watry humour, and ſometimes the Uvea cometh forth. The cauſe of both is a Wound, Ulcer, or a great afflux of humours; by which the Cornea is ſo diſtended, that it cracks, and the humours contained are let out, and ſometimes the Uv a ſhooteth out: Paulus divideth this Diſeaſe into four kinds; the firſt cometh forth like the head of a Fly, and therefore he calleth it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; The ſecond is when a greater part cometh forth, and is like the ſtone of a Raiſin, and is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . The third is, when the Eruption is ſo great, that it ſeemeth like an Apple, and is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . The fourth is when the Uvea (being come forth) is hard, and is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . The Cure is very difficult alwayes, but for the moſt part it is incurable. After bleeding (if need be) and purging the peccant humours, you muſt uſe aſtringent and glutinating medicines; as the white Troches, and the white of an Egg dropt into the Eye: then make a Cataplaſme to the part, thus: Take the root of Solomons Seal four ounces, Quinces pared and fliced two ounces; Red-roſe leaves a handful, Acatia a drachm; Saffron two ſcruples, boil theſe in red wine, and Plantane water (of each a like quantity) as much as is ſufficient to make a Cataplaſme. Afterwards, to make a perfect conſolidation, take an ounce of the Mucilage of Gum Traganth made in Plantain water, the clarified juyce of Plantain, and of the root of Solomons Seal, of each one ſpoonful: of the white of an egg beaten to clean water, and a womans breaſt-milk, of both a ſpoonful, waſhed Aloes, prepared Tutty, and Sarcocol, of each two ſcruples, Saffron one ſcruple: pouder what is to be poudered, and mix them for a Collyric.

CHAP. XVI. Of the Diſeaſes of the corners of the Eyes and Eye-lids.

SOmetimes there happeneth a Tumor in the corner of the Eye, at the root of the noſe; if it do not break, it is called Anchylops; if it do break, it is called Aegylops. Sometimes this Tumor cometh without inflamation, and is bred of a thick, flegmatick, ſlimy humour as the Tumors called Atheromata, Steatomata, &c. of which you ſhall have a brief account in the next book.

When it cometh with inflamation, it is like a Bile, with ſhooting pain, and very red, and it cometh by thin and cholerick bloud flowing thither, and then impoſthumateth; which being open produceth an Ulcer; then it becomes hollow, and is called Fiſtula Lachrymalis. The Cure is very difficult, becauſe it is ill applying medicines, the eye being ſo near. If it hath not been of long continuance, and the Orifice to be ſeen externally, it may be cured by medicines: But if it hath continued a year, the Bone is foul, and hard to be cured without burning. If it turns to a Cancer, it is incurable, becauſe medicines will enlarge it, and increaſe pain, and is known by the hardneſs and blewneſs of the skin, the extenſion of the veins, and extremity of the pain.

You muſt open a vein, if nothing hinder, and revel the humours by purging, which you may do by theſe following Pills, viz. Cochiae, Arabicae, Aureae, and Lucis Majoris: then you muſt endeavour to ſtop the progreſs by repelling medicines: take the juyce of Night shade, Shepheards purſe, and Knotgraſſe, of each two ounces; Acacia, the flowers of Balauſtines, Bolearmeniack, Gauls, Frankincenſe, and Roch-allum, of each a drachm; boil them well together: then with four ounces of white Wax, and four drachms of Turpentine, make a Cerate, to be applyed to the fore-head: Afterwards endeavour to reſolve the humours: Amatus Lucitanus commends this following Cerate: Take of the Powder of Cockle-ſhels two drams, Mirrh, Aloes, and Frankinſence, of each half an ounce: Sarcocol, Sanguis Draconis, and Ceruſe, of each three drachms: Opopanax diſſolved in Wine, Vinegar, and Bloud-ſtone, of each one drachm and an half, Saffron two ſcruples, Wax and Rozen, of each three ounces: make a Cerate according to art, and apply it to the corner of the Eye and Forehead. If, after all this, it will come to Suppuration, make uſe of ſuch things as will haſten it, leaſt the humours corrode the part: apply a Plaiſter of Diachilon Simplex. If an inflamation approach, apply a Cataplaſme made with white bread and milk: If it break not ſuddenly, open it with a Launcet, cleanſe the Ulcer and heal it. But if it prove a Fiſtula, you muſt be the more careful, firſt to cleanſe it thus. Take of Aqua vitae, and Honey of Roſes, of each one ounce, Mirrh two ounces, with Allum and Verdegreece, of each a drachm: boil them together, and make a Liniment: Unguentum, Aegyptiacum, and Apoſtolorum, is of great virtue in this caſe.

If the bone be foul, it muſt be cured by an actual Cautery: yet Fabricius Hildanus ſaith he cured a Lachrimal Fiſtula with medicines; he applyed Euphorbium, and upon the ſame an Emplaiſter of Gum-Elemi, and this he did till he skaled the bone: afterwards with the Tolutan Balſome, a drop upon a little lint, he incarnated, and conſolidated the Fiſtula in a very ſhort time.

After this Lachrymal Fiſtula, there followeth a conſuming and diminiſhing of the Caruncle in the corner of the Eye, ſometimes it alſo happeneth by a ſharp humour falling down thither, and ſometimes by cleaſing medicines applyed without diſcretion; this Diſeaſe is called Rhyas: there is another Diſeaſe conrrary to this, which is an immoderate growth and increaſe of the fleſh in the corner of the eye: which proceedeth ſometimes for want of orderly drying up of the Ulcer, and ſometimes by a defluxion of bloud to the part, and this is called Enchanthis. For the cute of the firſt, you muſt perform it by Incarnative Medicines: Take of Aloes, Borax, Frankincenſe, Dragons Bloud, Cypreſs Nuts, and Mprtles, of each one dragm, the flowers of Pomegranates, Red Roſes, and Comfrey, of each two ſcruples; theſeeds of Sumach on ſcruple. Let them be boiled in old Canary, and Plantane, and Roſe-water, of each half a pint, to the conſumption of half, and with this Collyrie often waſh the part affected: the other you muſt cure by taking away the ſuperfluous fleſh, with eating medicines, as Burnt Allum, Burnt Vtriol, Unguentum Aegyptiatum, or Apoſtolorum; or you muſt cut it off, and burn it with an Iron: But proceed which way you will, you muſt not forget convenient Evacuations, for fear of a defluxion, and you muſt beware leaſt you take it not away too near, leaſt it turn to Rhyas. There is alſo a defluxion of Rhenm, iſſuing out of du the corners of the Eyes and is called involuntary weeping, and by ſome Epiphora: for the producing of this Diſeaſe there is an indiſpoſition in the part ſending, and the part receiving: the part ſending is the brain, which, being too hot or too cold, attracteth a watery humour, and ſendeth it to the inferiour parts. By the weakneſs, thinneſs, thickneſs, of the Caruncle in the corner of the Eye, it is made uncapable to reſiſt ſuch a defluxion, which often happeneth in the three fore-mentioned Diſeaſes.

This defluxion is conveighed ſometimes by the external, and ſometimes by the internal veins: Sometimes the defluxion is hot, and ſometimes cold. If it be conveighed by the external veins, the veins of the Forehead and Temples are diſtended, and the pain is felt without the Skull; if internally, the pain is felt contrarily. If the humour be hot, it cauſeth the more pain; heat, redneſs, and exulceration of the eye-brows follow.

If this Diſeaſe cometh from an outward cauſe, if it hath not continued long, it may be ſoon cured, but hardly if your Patient be old. If it proceed from a Lachrymal Fiflula, Rhyas, or Echanthis, it hath its cure with thoſe Diſeaſes. You muſt take away the defluxion, and ſtrengthen the part, you muſt evacuate the humour offending by purging: likewiſe if the body be phlethorick, and nothing prohibite, you may open a vein. You muſt make revulſions of the flowing humours by Cupping, Veſicatories, Bliſters behind the neck, and Iſſues in the arms.

For derivation, apply Leeches behind the ears, and Maſticatories in the morning: ſtrengthen the head and brain, whether the humour be hot or cold; the Chap. of the Catarrh, and of the coldeſt diſtempers of the brain, will particularly inform you, how to purge, revel, and derive the peccant humours, and ſtrengthen the part affected. Then you muſt apply aſtringent medicines to the Fore head and temples; if the humour flow through the external veins: If it be a cold humour, take of Frankinſence, Tacamabacca, and Maſtich, of each two drachms: Terra Sigillata one drachm, Mace pulverized, and Juniper Gum, of each two ſcruples: Turpentine and Wax ſufficient to make a Cerate for the forehead and temples; But if it be a hot and ſharp humour, take of Endive and Knotgraſs, of each one handful; the Root of Solomon's Seal one pound, beat them well in a Stone morter, and with a pint of White-Wine Vinegar, let them boil till half of the Vinegar be conſumed: then take of Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, Pomegranate Flowers, of each two drachms: Frankinſence, Maſtick, and Red-Roſes, of each half a drachm, pouder them, and mix them with the other, and make a Caraplaſme to be applyed as aforeſaid. You muſt likewiſe apply drying and aſtringent medicines to the part affected. Take of prepared Tutty, Egg-ſhels, Aloes, Frankinſence, and Maſtich, of each two ſcruples, Sarcocol, Sanguis Draconis, and Sumach ſeed, of each one ſcruple; Mirrh and Spicknard, of each ſix grains; make them all into fine pouder, and tie them up in a rag, and ſteep it in white Wine, Fenel, Eye-bright, or white Roſewater, and ſqueez it often into the eyes. Theſe medicines preſcribed for an Ophthalmy are good likewiſe in this diſtemper.

There is another diſeaſe appertaining to the corner of the Eye, it is called by ſome (Pterygium) by other ſome the Haw in the Eye, and by others Unguis, and it is a hard and Nervous Membrane, growing out of the corner of the Eye, covering the white, and in time the Pupilla alſo. Somtimes it is thin and white, and ſomtimes it is red and full of Veins.

It is cauſed by Ulceration of the Caruncle of the Eye, and is bred by excrements (flowing to the part) as well as blood; hence it cometh to paſſe that variety of Haws are bred, according to the ſeeding humour, and may be thus diſtinguiſhed; A red Haw comes of pure blood, a Yellow of Choler, a white of Flegme, a dark and black one of Melancholly. It the Eye affected grow leſſe, it is an evill ſigne, and little hopes there is of recovery.

If you take it whilſt it is new and beginning, it may (with difficulty) be taken off by medicine; but if it be far gon, it muſt be done by Chirurgery, you muſt Evacuate and purge the Antecedent cauſe, as you have heard ſufficiently already in the other Chapters of the diſeaſes of the eyes; and you muſt uſe the ſame Courſe of Dier.

Then you may make uſe of thoſe Topicks ſpoken of in the Cure of bliſters in the Eyes.

Take of Cuttle bone in fine powder, and put it upon the Haw; this I have known, take the Haw from the Eye of an Horſe: if you mix Tutty and Vitriol to it, it may prove the better.

I ſhall inſtance one more commended by Foreſtus. Take of the juyce of Fennel four ounces; the juyce of Celandine three ounces, of Rue two ounces, and of Mallows two ounces and an half, Aloes one drachm, Vitriol two ſcruples, Verdegreaſe one ſcruple, Ginger and Cinamon, of each half a ſcruple; the Gall of an Eel half an ounce, the Gall of an Oxe two drachms, Sugar-Candy two ſcruples, let the juyces boyle with the rest, then clarifie it and make a Collyrium, with which dreſſe the Eye, and if this prevaile not, it muſt be taken off by Chirurgery.

I ſhall ſay no more, but put an end to this Chapter, and the diſeaſes of the Eyes.

CHAP. XVII. Of the diſeaſes of the Eares.

THe Eare is the Organ of hearing, the moſt ſpirituall ſenſe, the agent of underſtanding, the gate, through which ſcience truth and virtue hath its entrance into the ſoul, this member is ſubject to divers diſeaſes, Similary, Organick, and Common, which are known and diſtinguiſhed by their ſymptomes.

There is firſt deafneſſe or dullneſſe of hearing, which I ſhall joyne, becauſe they differ only in degrees, and are the ſame in cauſes. I ſhall not ſpend my time to ſhew you the difference between deafneſſe and dullneſſe of hearing, only declare the cauſes of both. The firſt is called by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , the other is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , both of theſe have their originall from a diſtemper of the braine. The cauſe lyeth either in the exterior, or interior cavity; the exterior cavity may be obſtructed or ſtopped by Tumor, Impoſtume, blood, matter, flegme, or the like, which may prove defective to the hearing; but this cauſe cannot make an abſolute deafneſſe, becauſe there is an open way from the interiour eavity to the Pallat, by which the ſound is carryed; as you may obſerve by thoſe that are hard of hearing, for they are ſubject to hold open their mouths, that ſo they may heare the better, and you may prove it by this example: Hold a ſtick between your teeth, with which ſtrike the ſtrings of a muſicall inſtrument, Ropping your Eares, and you may heare the ſound as well or better then with your open Eares. The interior Cavity is ſomtimes obſtructed by Flegmatick, and Cholerick humors, and ſomtimes by blood. Somtimes humors from all parts of the body are ſent to this Cavity as it happeneth ſomtimes in Feavers. Somtimes the Tympany may be relaxed, ſomtimes by exceſſe of moiſt humors, and ſomtimes by ſome violent and ſuddaine noiſe, ſomtimes it is ſtretched or dried after ſome violent diſeaſe, accompanied with watching or faſting, ſomtimes it may be broken by a violent motion, or corroded by a ſharp humor. Somtimes Narcoticks adminiſtred over much: ſomtimes a cold diſtemper, or cold water got into the Eare, or ſomtimes the inſtruments of hearing hurt by ſome ſtroke or fall or the like, may be the cauſe of this diſeaſe.

Though it be hard to diſtinguiſh all theſe by their proper ſignes, yet you may by Art, and Conjecture come neare it. If the diſtemper comes from a diſtemper of the brain: either there is an appearance of ſome diſeaſe in the head, as the Head-Ach, Apoplexy, &c: or ſome of the other ſences are hurt. If the externall Cavity of the Eares be obſtructed by excrementitious humors, or ſomthing fallen in, it may be diſcovered by the Eye. If the interior Cavity be obſtructed by ſome humor: the humor may be known by ſome preſent or preceeding diſeaſe, or by the conſtitution of the body. The looſeneſſe or moiſtneſſe of the Tympane, may be conjectured by ſome preceding moiſt diſtemper, the dryneſſe of the ſame part, by the dryneſſe of the whole body. The Tympane cannot be broken, unleſſe there hath been ſome violent cauſe, which might break it, preceded.

If deafneſſe be abſolute, and of long continuance, or if the Patient was borne ſo, it is incurable. If it proceed from a ſharp or continuall Fever, the cure of the Fever is the remedy. The Tympane broken, the deafneſſe is incurable. If it increaſe and decreaſe, it proceedeth from a moveable humor, and is curable. If it hath its originall from a diſtemper of the brain, it is eaſier cured, then if it comes from a proper diſtemper of the Eare.

For the Cure, you muſt conſider what humor is the cauſe of the defect, and you muſt purge the body, and particularly the head: you muſt uſe Revulſions, as Cauteries, Veſicatories, Gargariſms, and Maſticatories: to be breiſe, theſe and other remedyes effectuall againſt this diſtemper, may be ſought out of the Chapter treating of cold diſtempers of the brain. Sulphurous and Bituminous Baths are very profitable eſpecially if the Patient wear a cap made of Spunge; and the water pumped upon his head. It is good alſo to make fomentations of theſe following hearbs, viz.

Mallows, Marjarom, Hyſop, Centuary, Mints, Camomell, Roſemary, Peneroyall, Sage; boyle them in white Wine, and ſoment the Eare: If you would have it ſtronger, add a dram of the pulp of Coloquintida, and as much white Hellebore to the fomentation, a ſumigation made with a Punnell of the ſame decoction, doth wonderfully peirce the Cavity of the Eare. Or make a Loafe of bread, and m x with the meale a good quantity of Carawayſeeds, Bayberryes, Juniper berryes, Nutmegs, and Cloves: and when it is baked, cut it in the middle, and apply it hot to the Eare affected, or to both if need be, and if you think it not of ſufficient force, dip it firſt into the ſpirit of Wine; this will ſerve inſtead of a ſomentation. After which you muſt put ſome Oyle or Liquors proper to the Cure into the Eare, as Oyle of Bitter Almonds, Castor, Rue, &c. The Chymicall Oyles of Roſemary, Marjarom, Sage, Fennell, Spike, and Cloves, which are too hot to be uſed alone, but may with good ſucceſſe be mixed with other Oyles and applyed. Take the water of an Aſh, (that runneth out at the end, the other being in the fire) one ounce: The dripping of a ſilver Eel, (roſted upon a ſpit) as much; a fruple of any of the beforenamed Chymicall Oyles, or a drachm of the other; mix them and drop it into the Eare. Obſerve this generall rule, that you drop nothing cold into the Eare, and that you ſtop the Eare afterwards with Wooll, or Cotton, and a little Mu k into it.

Somtimes the ſenſe of hearing is prejudiced by a preternaturall noiſe in the Eares; the cauſes of which are many, but cheifly a wind or vapour ſent thither from other parts, or bred there.

It cometh from all parts of the body, when it happeneth in a Fever, and this (according to Hippocrates) is deadly. Somtimes it cometh from the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Midriffe and Womb: witneſſe Vomitings, Hypocondriak, Melancholly, and fits of the Mother, which for the moſt part are attended with a noiſe in the Eares. Somtimes it is cauſed by Flegme, contained in the Eare, for they that are thick of hearing, are ſeddome free from a noiſe in the Head: a blow, great ſound, or an Ulcer in the head may cauſe a noiſe in the head, a hot diſtemper in the head filleth the Arteries of the Eare with much ſpirit, and cauſeth a noiſe. If the noiſe hath been of long continuance, it is hardly Cured: if it proceed from Flegme, Obſtructing the paſſage, 'tis doubtfull that it will end in deafneſſe. If you judge it curable, you may find the cure in this Chapter, for it differeth not in cure from dullneſſe of hearing in ſome Caſes; and agreeth with the cure of the paine of the Eares in others. But this remember, that if it come by conſent of the Stomach, Liver, &c: take away the cauſe and the effect ceaſeth.

Pain in the Eares is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , and is cauſed by cold winds, cold baths, or the like, or by a hot diſtemper, ſo it be accompanied with a defluxion of humors, otherwiſe heat is freindly to thoſe Nervous, and Membranous parts.

The cold matter which cauſeth pain is Flegme, water or cold wind, either coming from without, or from ſome inferiour part within.

The hot matter is Choler or blood.

There may be other evident cauſes of pain, as wounds, Contuſions, Ulcers, or breaking of an impoſtume, or any hard or pricking thing got into the Eare. You may judge the diſtemper to be from cold, if a cold cauſe hath preceded, and hot medicines profit; the contrary declareth a hot diſtemper; If Flegme cauſe the paine, the Eare and Head will be heavy, ſome Rhume falleth upon ſome other part; the diſtemper is taken in cold wether, or the Patient is old. If wind be the cauſe, the paine is without heavineſſe, nor is it conſtant. If water cauſeth the pain, the Patient is troubled with a ſharp defluxion upon the Teeth, Eyes, Breaſt, &c. If it come from Choler; the paine is ſharp and pricking, cold things give eaſe, the body is Cholerick, &c. An inflammation is accompanied with a great heating paine, the parts adjacent are very red, and there is joyned a Fever. A wound maketh it ſelf known by blood iſſuing out at the Eare, and an Ulcer by filth. But ſomtimes there iſſueth filth from an Impoſtume in the braine, but this may be diſtinguiſhed by Head ach preceding, and other ſignes of Impoſtume; the filth cometh away in great abundance at firſt, and decreaſeth by degrees. If an Ulcer follow an Impoſtume in the Eare, the ſymptomes of an Impoſtume going before declareth it. If the Ulcer come by defluxion, there is a burning and ſhooting paine, and the matter iſſueth forth by little and conſtantly. If the Ulcer be in the bone, the matter is thin, and yellow, and hath continued long: the deeper the Ulcer is, the more matter iſſueth; the fouler it is, the more and thicker is the matter: If it be Virulent the matter is thin, if putrid, it ſtinketh much; if it corrode, blood accompanieth the matter; If it continue very long, it groweth Fiſtulous, and then the matter is Virulent and the fleſh groweth hard.

If the diſtemper proceed from a cold cauſe, with or without matter, you muſt uſe the medicines, preſcribed for the cure of deafneſſe, eſpecially fomentations, and fumes, with warme oyles dropt into the Eare, and if it be with matter you muſt evacuate, and purge the humor. If the diſtemper come from a hot cauſe without matter, uſe cooling Topicks. If it hath a Cholerick matter, you muſt revel the humor by Phlebotomy, and with cooling drinks and Juleps allay the preternaturall heat of the Liver, but this having dependancy to the diſeaſes of the head, proceding from a hot cauſe; alſo to the inflammation of the Eare, I leave the ingenious there to ſeek the Cure.

The inflammation of the Eare is cured by making revulſion (after the adminiſtration of an Emollient Cliſter) by blood-letting; and this muſt be done, in as great a quantity as the violentneſſe of the diſeaſe requireth, and the ſtrength, age and conſtitution of the Patient permitteth: open the Head-Vein on the ſame ſide the inflammation is. If the ſtoppage of the Termes hath been prejudiciall, open the Saphaena, or the Hemorrhoids if you ſee occaſion. Revulſions by frictions and ligatures of the Armes and Thighs; Cupping the Shoulders and Back with or without ſcarifications, are often ſucceſſefull; a Cupping-glaſs fixed behind the Eares with Scarification hath been attended with admirable ſucceſſe: and Horſleeches applyed to the ſame place, hath been no leſſe effectuall.

If you find the Cure difficult, the opening of the Arteries in the Temples is good to prevent hot and windy bloud, which doth much feed the inflammation; you muſt often purge Choller, and temper the Humours with cooling Juleps thus: Take of Lettice, Purflane, and Sorrel Water, of each two ounces; the Water of Plantane and Succory, of each three ounces; of Syrup of Lemons two ounces; the Syrup of Erratick Poppies one ounce; mixe them, and make a Julep; take ſour ſpoonſuls morning and evening.

You may foment the Ear with the decoction of cooling and piercing Hearbs, and let the Patient receive the ſame with a Funnel: then come to the uſe of Topicks, which have power to mitigate pain thus: Take of Breaſt milk two Ounces, the Oyl of Roſes, and Water-Lillies, of each one ounce and an half: the Water of an Aſhen ſtick before mentioned, one ounce, the White of an Egg beaten to water half an ounce mixe them and drop ſome into the Ear, after you have formented and famed it.

If you would have it repelling, add Vinegar of Roſes to it, but uſe it with moderation, leſt you drive the Humours to the Brain.

If the vehemency of the pain conſtrain you to make uſe of ſtupefactive Medicines, mixea ſcruple of Opium, or an ounce of Oyl of Poppy ſeeds, with your former Medicine; but be careful alſo in the uſe of this, leſt you offend the Brain.

If you ſee occaſion for reſolving Medicines, the Oyls of Camomil, Dill, ſweet Almonds, and Violets; all or either of them may be mixed with your aforeſaid Medicine.

If after all this you find that the Impoſthume will come to ſuppuration, you muſt help Nature therein thus. Take the leaves of Mallows, Nightſhade, Camomel, and Dill, of each one handful: bruiſe them well in a STONE-MORTAR; boil them in a quart of milk to the conſumption of half: add the Muſilage of Line-ſeed, Fleabane, and Fenugreek ſeeds, of each one ounce; Ducks and Hens Greaſe, of each one ounce; the Oyl of Camomel, Roſes, and Violets, of each one ounce; with the crum of White Bread, as much as is ſufficient, make a Cataplaſm, and apply it. After the Impoſthume is broken, and the Matter run out, you muſt apply cleanſing Medicines, viz. Mixe Barley water, and Honey of Roſes, and drop it into the Ear.

If the Humour be ſharp, and cauſe an Ulcer, you muſt, after the uſe of needful Purgings, neceſſary bleeding, and all requiſite Evacuations, make uſe of cleanſing and drying Topicks. Take of the juyce of Reets, and ſow-Bread, of each one ounce; Horehound, Smallage, and Wormwood, of each half an ounce; Myrrh, and Frankincenſe, of each half a drachm; Saffron, and Verdegreece, of each one ſcruple; White Wine, and Honey, of each four Ounces; boil it, and ſcum it, till the Wine be conſumed: then drop of it into the Ear 2 or 3 times in a day.

After you have well cleanſed it, you muſt come to cicatrize it: Take of the Powder of Galls, and Burnt Allum, of each one drachm; Frankincenſe, and Myrrh, of each half a drachm; Gum of Juniper, and Sarcocol, of each one ſeruple; make them into fine Powder, and mixe them with White-Wine, and drop it into the Bar.

If you find that it is ſed by defluxion, you muſt labour to divert the deflaxion, as you are taught in the 9th Chapter of this Book.

If the Ulcet be very foul, you muſt mixe Unguentum Aegyptiacum, and the Ruſt of Iron powdered with White-Wine, and drop it into the Ear. If the Humor be ſharp, and you find ſharp Medicines diſagreeing to it, make uſe of the Oyls, and yelks of Eggs, of ſweet and bitter Almonds.

If any thing be fallen into the Ear, you muſt endeavour to get it out with an Ear-picker, but beware leſt you thruſt it further. If you cannot prevail ſo, inject Oyl into the Ear, to relax it, that it may the eaſier come out, and anoint the Ear-picker with Birdlime, and ſee if by that means you can draw it out. Provoke ſneeſing, with the Mouth and Noſtrils ſhut, and by that means it may be forced out. If a Flea, being got into the Ear, procure pain and trouble to the Patient, make a little Ball of Dogs hair, and put it into the Ear, and the Flea will come into it. If by ſwimming, or waſhing the Head, Water getteth into the Ear, and is the cauſe of pain, hop on the contrary foot to that ſide, and hold your Ear downwards, or put in a dry Spunge into the Ear, and as it groweth moiſt take it out, and put in more till you be freed.

CHAP. XVIII. Of the Diſeaſes of the Noſtrils.

AS God and Nature hath wiſely inſtituted and ordained this Member, as needful and official to the ſervice of the body, ſo the Corruption of Nature (by our Fall) hath brought many Diſtempers therein, viz. the Ulcer of the Noſtrils, and Ozaena; Sarcoma, and Polypus; the loſs of Smelling in the Noſe, the Coryza, Sneezing, and Bleeding; the laſt of which I ſhall treat of in a Chapter by it ſelf, and ſpeak briefly of the reſt in this Chapter. And firſt of the Ulcer of the Noſtrils; which, whileſt it is new, is called the ſimple Ulcer of the Noſtrils: when it is old, it is called Ozaena. The cauſe of the ſimple Ulcer, is either internal, or external: Internal, when a ſharp or ſalt Humour floweth to the pare: External, either by a Wound or Contuſion. The cauſe of Ozaena, is a malignant and acrimonious Humour, or the other Ulcer neglected. They are eaſily known and diſtinguiſhed one from the other: The ſimple Ulcer cauſeth but little pain, ſometimes ſends forth bloud, and ſometimes caſteth forth a Scab.

The Ozaena is more painfuls foul, and ſtinking, anoying not onely the Patient, but all that come near him.

If it turn to a Cancer, it eateth the Griſtle of the Noſe, and deſtroyeth the Pallat, and for the moſt part hath its original from the French Pox, or Elephantiaſis.

The New Ulcer may be eaſily cured; the old one hardly. If it turn to a Cancer it is never cured: If it hath its original from the French Pox, or Elephantiaſis, it cannot be cured, till the Diſeaſe be cured.

For the Cure, you muſt uſe convenient Evacuations, Purging and Bleeding, Revulſions and Derivations by Cupping, Veſicatories, or Cauſticks applyed to the hinder parts; and then ſtrengthen the head, and withall appoint a good Diet, which may hinder and aſſwage the ſharpneſs of the Humour. This being done, if the Ulcer be covered with a Scab, you muſt endeavour to take it off gently, and not raſhly, for fear of a Defluxion of Humours; and to that end you muſt mollifie the Scab with Oyl of ſweet Almonds, or freſh Butter, and warm Water. Then you muſt cleanſe it, by waſhing it with Barley Water, and if you mix a little Oyl of Roſes with it, it will not be the worſe: then apply Medicines, which are aſtringent, as the Oytment of Tutty, the white Oyntment, more commonly known by the Latine Name, Unguentum Album, the Oyl of the yolks of Eggs; the Oyntment of Tobacco is good, being carefully applyed.

Ozaena muſt be carefully cleanſed; Take of Smiths water half a pint, Barley water four ounces, the juyce of Plantane and Wormwood, of each two Ounces: boil them together, till half be conſumed, and ſcum it carefully: then put in ſour Ounces of Honey of Roſes, let the diſeaſed often ſnuff it up into his Noſtrils wherein the ulcer is. You may make an Oyntment more powerful for this purpoſe thus: Take of the juyce of unripe Grapes half an Ounce, the Peels and Flowers of Pomegranates, of each three drachms; of Myrrh, Allum, and Laudanum, of each two drachms; Aloes, Chalcitis, and Frankincenſe, of each one drachm; the Oyl of Roſes, and Myrtles, of each two Ounces, with red Wax as much as ſufficeth, to make an unguent, which apply to the ulcer. Or you may waſh it with Allum Water; and if it want cleanſing, mixe a little Aegyptiacum with it.

The ſublimate Water doth dry and cleanſe wonderfully, and you may prepare it thus: Take of Crude Sublimate in Powder twelve Grains, put it into four Ounces of Plantane water, and boil it to the conſumption of half.

Now and then touch it with this water; When it is throughly cleanſed, you muſt prepare Medicines, which are powerful to dry it up.

Rondeletius commendeth the ſmoke of a Wax Candle taken up into the Noſe often: or you may make a Fume thus:

Take of Labdanum, Benjamin, Hypociſtis, Maſlich, Myrrh, Red Storax, and Calamith, Sandarach, Frankincenſe Bark, and red Arſenick, of each three drachms, with ſurpentine ſufficient to make Troches, of which let the Patient take the Fume Morning and Evening.

Sarcoma and Polypus is a preternatural Tumor, or Excreſcency of Fleſh in the Noſe: The firſt groweth without ſhape, like proud fleſh; but Polypus ſpringeth as it were from ſmall Roots, and hangeth down to the lower part of the Noſe, and ſometimes out of the Noſe.

If it be rooted high, it ſometimes falleth into the paſſage that goeth into the Pallat. It is a ſpungie ſoft fleſh, white, red, or blew, and it is fuller at the full of the Moon, then at the Change.

The cauſe of both is a groſs Humour coming from the Brain, mixed with bloud.

The firſt, for the moſt part, is eaſily cured. The ſecond, with more difficulty: The lower it is rooted in the Noſtril, the eaſier may the Cure be effected: If it be ſoft, white, or red, it is more eaſily cured: but if hard and blew, it is dangerous. You muſt preſcribe a dry and attenuating Diet: you muſt purge the Humour you ſee abound; you muſt revel, and repel the Humours, and ſtrengthen the Head, as you are taught in the aforegoing Chapters.

Then you muſt apply ſuch Medicines to the Tumour as are drying and aſtringent: If it may not be thus cured, it muſt be taken off by a Cauſtick, or by Inciſion.

But apply the mildeſt Medicines firſt; Take the Juyce of the three ſorts of Pomegranates; beil it to the thickneſs of Honey; apply it often to the Excreſcencie.

Then make uſe of this Sublimate Water ſpoken of before in the Ulcer. This following Water is commended by Weckerus. Take of unripe Grapes three pound, Pomegranate Peels and Flowers, and Sumach, of each two pound; macerate them in Vinegar, and diſtil them: then add to the water thus diſtilled, Allum one pound, Vitriol three Ounces: Distil them again, and with this water often touch the Tumor, for it hath a great power to dry and conſume it.

You may make it ſtronger, if you ſee occaſion, by adding red Arſenick, and Sandarach to it: Mercury precipitate, and applyed with Honey of Roſes, with a Tent, is good. You may make an Ointment thus: Take of Letharge of Silver one drachm, Ceruſs three drachms, Pomegranate Peels and Allum, of each two drachms, Verdegreeſe, and Orpiment, of each one drachm: powder them, and in good old white wine, boil them to the thickneſs of Honey: put in a little Oyl of Myrrh, and reſerve it in a Leaden Box, and uſe it as the forenamed Medicines.

The ſence of Smelling is either diminiſhed, aboliſhed, or depraved; either by Obſtruction, or Aſtriction. Cold, moiſt, and Flegmatick Diſtempers, may either dull or aboliſh the ſence of Smelling: Hence Defluxions, upon thoſe parts, do hinder the ſence. Flegm obſtructs and hindereth the ſenſible paſſages, viz. the Noſtrils, and the Pores of the Brain, the inſenſible Paſſages, and the Proceſſus Mamillates; or Sarcoma, and Polypus, may hinder the ſenceby obſtructing the Noſtrils. Smelling is hindered by Aſtriction, when Flegm, gathered in the fore-part of the Brain, doth compreſs the Mamillares, as was ſaid before in the compreſſion of the Optick Nerves. Sometimes this Sence is depraved by ſome putrefaction, or ulcer in the Noſe, or the Menings, or ſome of the parts official to this Sence, and thereby hindereth it: or ſome ſtinking Vapour ariſing from ſome other part of the Body, may hinder the exerciſe of this Office: as the Tongue is depraved by Choller, and maketh all things that is taſted ſeem bitter, the ſignes are theſe: Slimy Flegm coming from the Brain, and cold and moiſture oppreſſing the Brain, ſhew Flegm to be the cauſe. If it be from Sarcoma, or Polypus, it is eaſily diſcovered. If the matter cauſing the obſtruction be contained in the Noſtrils, the ſpeech is hurt alſo: but it is not ſo, if it be in the Mamillares, or the fore-part of the Brain. The Cure is diverſe, according to the diverſity of cauſes: I ſhall ſay nothing to it, onely give you this general Rule: If it come from a Defluxion, you muſt proceed, as you are inſtructed, in the cure of a cold Catarrh. If from obſtruction, or compreſſion of the Mamillares, I ſhall refer you to the Chapter, treating of the cold diſtemper of the Brain, for the Cure.

In the 9th Chapter of this Book, treating of a defluxion, I told you if it fell into the Noſe, it is a cold Coryza: I think it not amiſs, if I here ſpeak a word or two of the nature and cauſe of it. This Defluxion is cauſed either by overmuch heat, which doth diſſolve the crude Humours gathered in the fore Ventricles of the Brain; or elſe by cold, which doth compreſs and ſqueez the aforeſaid Humours. This is eaſily known by the Humours flowing through the Noſe; and of all Catarrhs, it is the moſt eaſie to cure. For the Cure repair to the 9th Chapter: to which add the Vapour of Marjarom, and Red-Roſe Leaves, boiled in Vinegar, taken into the Noſe. It the Diſtemper be cold, Take Frankincenſe, Maſtich, Nigella, and the like, thrown upon a Chafingdiſh of Burning Coals, and do as before.

I ſhal now ſpeak a word or two of Neeſing (vulgarly ſneezing) which, though it be looked upon but as a ſlight effect, not worth mentioning, hath (by reaſon of a ſharp Defluxion) proveth not onely troubleſome, but dangerous: And hence came the Cuſtom of ſaying, God bleſs you, God ſave you, or Chriſt help, when a man ſneezeth. Sneezing is a ſwift motion of the Brain, by which the Breath is drawn up unto the Brain, to force out that which doth offend: for Sneezing belongs to the Natural Expulſive Faculty of the Brain, and its Membranes: as it is with the Cough which doth by its natural motion, free the Arteries of the Lungs from Flegm, which obſtructeth them. But the proper cauſe of Sneezing, is a ſharp Humour, which doth provoke the inſide of the Noſtrils, (as 'tis verified, by ſnuffing up ſharp things into the Noſtrils) which Humour cometh from the Brain, or ſome inferiour parts: ſometimes the coldneſs of the Air doth act upon, and compreſs the Brain, and cauſeth a ſharp Humour to fall into the Noſtrils, which provoketh Sternucation. The knowledge of this Diſeaſe is manifeſt: outward cauſes appear, and by the ſigns of the parts affected.

As to the Prognoſtick, it is naturally and eſſentially without danger, accidentally it may prove hurtful; namely in the beginning of Coryza, it hindereth the concoction of the Humours by its violent motion: ſometimes in Feavers it is violent, and cauſeth bleeding, and is prejudicial to the Patients ſtrength. In the Pluriſie, and all Diſeaſes of the Lungs, it is bad, becauſe it violently pulleth thoſe parts, and cauſeth a greater inflammation. Yet if there be Flegme got into the Griſtles of the Lungs, which a Cough cannot get out, then is Sneezing helpful. For the moſt part it is friendly to healthy people, and promiſeth help in Feavers. It is good in Apoplexies, and always welcome to women in travel, or troubled with fits of the Mother.

If Sternutation become Symptomatical, you muſt remove the external cauſe, or internal, from whence it cometh by Evacuations, Derivations, Revulſions, and Diſcuſſions: and if you ſee cauſe you muſt bleed, uſe Frictions, Ligatures, and Cupping. In the mean time, you muſt labour to take away the ſharpneſs which provoketh to Stenutation: Let your Patient ſnuff up warm milk, warm water, or warm water and Butter mingled, the Oyls of Roſes, ſweet Almonds, and Violets, which will afford much comfort to the diſeaſed,

Of bleeding at the Noſe. CHAP. XIX.

THis diſeaſe is called Haemorrhagia, and it is either organicall or common, the organicall is either the opening of the Veſſels, called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; or the rarefaction of them called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . The common diſeaſe is alſo twofold, either the breaking of the Veſſels, called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; or the Eroſion called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 : Blood offending either in quantity or quality is the cauſe of theſe diſtempers. Somtimes externall cauſes concur, as wounds, ſtrokes, falls, vehement exerciſe, drunkenneſſe, long ſtaying in the Sun. It is alſo either Criticall or ſymptomaticall: Criticall, when nature diſchargeth her ſelf of ſuperfluous blood, ſometimes in health, ſometimes in Fevers, and ſomtimes from an inflammation of the Liver or Spleen. Symptomaticall is, when filthy blood, cauſed by the weakneſſe of the Liver (in a Cronical diſtemper) is let go by reaſon of the debility of the retentive faculty; or (by the ſtrength of the expulſive faculty, expelled, as unprofitable and unneceſſary. If the blood flowes by reaſon of the vein broken, the blood is thick, and floweth continually; if the vein be only opened, the blood is thinner, and floweth by fits. If the veines be eroded or gnawen aſunder, the Patient hath had a ſalt Catarrh, or Ulcer or Cacochymia. The cauſes are eaſily diſtinguiſhed by their ſignes, viz: A red face and eyes with heavineſſe ſignifieth plenty of blood If choler or Melancholly be the cauſe, the blood is corrupt, and their proper ſignes appeare in the body. If the weakneſſe of the retentive faculty let it go, the body is weak, the face is pale, or ſome diſeaſe hath preceded, which hath weakened the Liver. If it cometh from an Artery, it cometh with great force, hot, pure and freſh; if from a vein that contrary appeareth. If it come from the Liver, Spleen, &c: pains, extenſions, or inflammations in thoſe parts will declare it. If blood iſſue out of the Noſe upon a judiciall or criticall day, it is a good ſigne, and is not to be ſtopped, if it flow not immoderately. But if it happen in the beginning of a diſeaſe, it is ſymptomaticall and dangerous. If the Liver be affected, and the blood iſſue out at the right Noſtrill it is good, and if the Spleen be affected, if the left Noſtrill bleed it is good; the contrary to any of theſe happening, is bad. If the Haemorrhagy continue long, it cooleth the Liver, and cauſeth a Dropſy: Likewiſe bleeding is very hurtfull to Melancholly and Flegmatick people; as alſo to ſuch as have a quartane Feaver.

For the Cure, you muſt conſider whether the Haemorrhagy be Criticall or Symptomaticall: If it be Symptomoticall, you muſt endeavour ſuddenly to ſtop it: I it be Criticall, immoderate, and the conſtitution not able to endure it without prejudice, you muſt do the like: you muſt begin with revulſions, of which blood letting is the cheiſe; you muſt open a veine on the Arme, on the ſame ſide the Noſtrill is that bleedeth; you may draw as much blood as the ſtrength of the Patiens will beare. Apply Cupping-glaſſes behind to the Shoulders and Armes, to the Hypocondria: but make uſe of this, after ſufficient blood letting, for feare of an inflammation of the Liver. Forreſtus commendeth the application of Cupping-glaſſes to the feet, others commend an actuall Cautery. Throw cold water into the face on a ſudden, which doth repell the blood. It is good to put a Cloath dipt in Vinegar to the neck behind, another to the Cods, and to ſnuffe up Vinegar and water into the Noſe, and hold the mouth full of it, as long as any thing is ſnuffed up: take up the fume of Vinegar thrown upon an hot Iron. Foment the Forehead and Temples with water and Vinegar cold: Vinegar put into the Eare on the ſame ſide, on which the bleeding Noſtrill is, is good. Then apply a Cataplaſm, made with the juice of Plantane, Nightſhade, Vinegar, of all a like quantity, and Bolearmenick ſufficient to make a Cataplaſme, which muſt be laid to the forehead, from Temple to Temple. Or thus, Take of Sanguis Draconis, Terra Sigillata, and Bolearmenick, of each a drachm, Roſe Vinegar, and the juyce of Nightſhade, of each one ounce, the Whites of two Eggs, with the diſtilled water of Red-Roſes, and Plantane, make a Cataplaſm; and apply it as before. If you perceive that the veins of your forehead are ſwelled, bind a ſix-pence, or a dry bean ſlit, upon the root of the Noſe between the Eye-brows. Alſo the powder of Hoggs-dung blown into the Noſe, or mixed with the juyce of Nettles, and a Tent dipped in it, and put up into the Noſe, hath an excellent property to ſtop bleeding.

Others commend the Powder of a dried Toad, put in fine red Sarſnet, and put under the Arme-pits, or held in the hand.

It is convenient likewiſe to make uſe of thoſe things, which have a faculty to cloſe and glutinate the Veins, Take of Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, Aloes, and Cobwebs, of each two ſcruples, white Vitriol, burnt Egſhels and Paper, of each one ſcruple, powder them finely, and blow it up into the Noſtrills: to prevent its coming into the mouth, hold the mouth full of cold water, and Vinegar; or elſe you may mix it with the whites of Eggs beaten to water, and the juyce of Plantane, and dip a Tent in it and apply it. If hitherto you are ſucceſleſſe, you muſt make uſe of Eſcharotick medicines, of which burnt Vitriol claimes the preheminency, powdered and uſed as before: but if you feare to uſe it alone, adde the ſame quantity of Dragons blood, Bolearmenick, and Frankincenſe. A dram of the powder of Spicknard drunk in the morning in broth is very good. If the diſeaſe doth often invade the Patient, let him make uſe of inward medicines, which have power to Coagulate, thicken, coole, bind, and reſtraine its motion: Take of dried Knotgraſſe, Fumitory, and Bistort root, of each half an ounce; the Troches of Spodium, and Amber, Terra Sigillata, and Sal-prunella, of each half a dracbm; Corall, burnt Harts-horne, and Bloudſtone, of each one ſcruple, powder them; Conſerve of Roſes, and Quinces, of each two ounces, with the ſyrrup of the juyce of Plantane, make an Opiate, of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Nutmeg, five or ſix times in a day. To conclude, if it be inveterate let the peccant humor be diligently evacuated; and if it hath its originall from the diſaffection of any other part, as the Liver Spleen, Womb, Kidneys, &c: let that be conſidered and their Cures ſought in their proper Chapters.

CHAP. XX. Of the diſeaſes of the Tongue.

THe Tongue being the cheife inſtrument of ſpeech and taſt, a very neceſſary (though unruly) member, it is not amiſſe if we conſider, and breifly treat of the diſtempers incident to it, by which the actions are hindered. This member is ſubject to inflammation, and Tumors, which have their originall either from pure, Cholerick, Flegmatick, or Melancholly blood. If pure blood cauſe the inflammation, there is paine felt with heat and redneſſe of the Tongue, and face: and this is a true Flegmon. If the Tumor hath its originall from Choller, then is it called Eriſipelas; if from Flegme, Oedema; if from Melancholly Schirrhus, all which may be diſcovered by the humor predominate, and ſhall be more plainly diſcovered in the next Book, where I ſhall treat of Tumors and their kinds. Theſe Tumors are ſomtimes only troubleſome, but do not oftentimes endanger life, except they grow ſo big, that the body is endangered by ſuffocation; or a malignant melancholly humor, do breed a Cancer, which may be diſcovered by its hardneſſe, blewneſſe, and pricking paine: you muſt begin the Cure with blood-letting, and (if you can come at it) open the Veine under the Tongue, afterwards if you ſee occaſion, open a Vein in the Arme, and draw away as much blood, as the Patients ſtrength will permitt. You muſt purge the humer with convenient purgatives, or adminiſter a ſharp Cliſter: Some do draw back the humors by Cupping-glaſſes faſtened to the ſhoulders, or a little one under the Chin. Cooling and repelling Gargariſms muſt be uſed, and you may prepare them thus. Take of the distilled water or decoction of Plantane, Nightſhade, and Sorrell, of each four ounces; the ſyrrups of Mulberys, Pomegranats, and Lemons, of each one ounce; let the Patient often waſh his Tongue; Zacutus Luſitanus commendeth the application of Horſleeches to the Tongue. If you find it inclinable to ſuppuration, you muſt help nature, for which purpoſe this Gargariſm is good. Take Violet-leaves, Mallows, and Parſly, of each one handfull, whole Barley four ounces; Figs, and Raiſons, stoned, of each three ounces; the ſeed of Flax, and Fenugreek, of each one ounce: Spring water a quart, boyle it to the Conſumption of halfe, ſtraine it, and add four ounces of the ſyrrup of Jujubes; uſe it as the other before. When the humors are ſuppurate, if it break not, make inciſion, then cleanſe it with Plantane water and Hony of Roſes

There is another Tumor under the Tongue, called by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , by the Latines Ranula, becauſe it repreſenteth the hinder part of a Frog, alſo becauſe they that are thus affected, when they ſpeak do Croake like a Frog. This humor is a looſe and ſoft carnoſity under the Tongue, the tumor therein contained is ſomtimes hot, though for the moſt part it is cold, ſlimy, and pituitous matter, which when it is opened, is like the white of an Egge, ſomtimes mixed with yellow. This diſeaſe is not (for the moſt part) accounted dangerous, unleſſe it be in a Child, or the humor be Cancrous. If nothing prohibite, you muſt begin the Cure with blood-letting, that ſo the humors may be the more obedient: you muſt likewiſe purge the peccant humors with diſcretion: then you may endeavour to diſolve and diſcuſſe the humor, thus, Take of green Mugwort, and Hyſop, of each one handfull, Common Salt, and Salt Armoniack, of each two drachms: Galls one drachm, beat them well together, rub the place often with it. But if it ſubmit not to this way of Cure, (as it ſeldom doth) you muſt open it with a large Orifice, and if you open it on both ſides, it will be the better: Some commend a Cautery of iron; after you have opened it, ſqueez out the matter with your finger, then waſh it with White-Wine, and Hony of Roſes: or thus, Take of White Wine, and Plantane water, of each two ounces; diſſolve a drachm of Allum, then add twenty drops of the Oyle of Sulphur, with an ounce of ſyrrup of Mulberrys; make a Lotion, and waſh the place till it be whole. Somtimes the Tongue ſuffereth a Palſie, by which it is deprived of its motion: Somtimes it followeth an Apoplexy, and ſomtimes it is joyned with a Palſey, which afflicts half the body, ſomtimes it is only in the Tongue, when its nerves and moving Muſcles are prejudiced by ſome moiſt or pituitous matter.

Somtimes thoſe Nerves may be cut, and the Palſie may follow; Avicen confirmeth this opinion, by an example in his time, of a certaine man being cupped, and ſcarified, by which the ſmall Nerve was cut, and cauſed a relaxation of the Tongue.

If this Palſie follow an Apoplexy, and the other parts of the body be affected, and the Patient be old, it is incurable.

If you have hopes of recovery, you muſt take away the Antecedent cauſe, lodged in the braine; and you muſt diſſolve and diſcuſſe the conjunct cauſe, viz. the humors which obſtruct the Nerves, and hinder the motion of the Tongue.

If you ſee occaſion, you may make uſe of Phlebotomy; it profiteth much to open a Vein under the Tongue: you may purge with Pills, or Cephalick Apozems, you may rarifie the humors by ſweating drinks; cuppings, veſicatoryes, Cauteryes may be applyed: for diſcuſſing and drawing forth of the humor, let Gargariſms, Maſticatories, and Errhies be followed, for ſtrengthening the braine, and diſperſing offending humors therein contained; make uſe of Fumigations, Powders, and Quilts for the head; for the making and application of which, I refer you to the ſecond Chapter of this Book.

CHAP. XXI. Of the Diſeaſes of the Teeth.

THE Teeth alſo are ſubject to Diſtempers, viz. the ache, and foulneſs, and rottenneſs: The Tooth-ache is cauſed by a Flux of Humours, either hot or cold, which flow to the Membrane, Nerves, or to the ſubſtance of the Teeth: Sometimes Worms are bred in hollow and rotten Teeth, of an Excrementitious Humour, which cauſeth pain: ſometimes Wind contained between the Cavity and the Nerve, doth cauſe pain. The External Cauſes are cold Air and South Winds: Likewiſe the debility of the part, as hollowneſs, or rottenneſs of the Teeth do ſometimes cauſe pain.

Every cauſe is known by its proper ſign; for if a hot Humour falling upon the part be the cauſe, the pain is more violent, the Patient is ſenſible of heat, about the Teeth and Gums; hot Medicines encreaſoth pain.

Signs contrary to theſe, do declare the Humour peccant to be cold.

If the cauſe be Worms, the pain is with intermiſſion, and their motion may be felt. If Wind cauſe the pain, it is exceeding violent with ſenſible extenſion, yet quickly ending, after the uſe of diſcuſſing Medicines.

If it be a hot Humour, that cauſeth the Tooth-ach, it is good to open a Vein on the ſame ſide, by which the Humours are revelled; and though the Humour be cold, yet Phlebotomy may be needful, to revel the Defluxion, but it muſt be regulated according to the age and ſtrength of the Patient.

The next day you may purge the Humour that principally offendeth; Cupping is ſometimes requiſite, and f r the moſt part Veſicatories to the Neck and behind the Ears, are ſucceſsful to draw back the Humours.

Aſtringent Medicines to the Temples are good to hinder the Defluxion; Of Plaiſters theſe are good, Emplastrum de Maſtiche, ad Herniam, and Gum Elemi, ſpread and applyed to the Temples, and behind the Ears.

Riverius commendeth the Root of Comfry, bruiſed and applyed as before, to hinder the Defluxion.

Riverius, Phyſitian to Henry the Great, commendeth this Plaiſter; Take of Cyprus Nuts, Red Roſes, Muſtard ſeed torrified, Maſtich, and Terra Sigillata, of each one drachm and an half: Steep them in Vinegar of Roſes twenty four hours, and then dry them; Opium three drachms, diſſolved in Aqua Vitae; Pitch, and Colophonia, of each one drachm; Yellow Wax, melted in the expreſſed Oyls of Henbane, and White Poppy, as much as is ſufficient to make an Emplaiſter, which must be applyed as before.

The Oyl of Bitter Almonds, or Vinegar, put into the Ear, is good to ſtay the Defluxion, if it proceed from a hot cauſe.

If the Humours be cold, put the Oyl of Rue, or a Clove of Garlick into the Ear, and waſh the Teeth with Red Wine, wherein is boiled the Roots of Biſtort, Cinquefoil, Tormentil, the Leaves of Vervain, Peny-royal, and Galls, and anoint the Checks, or the Check on the ſame ſide, with the Oyls of Camomel, Rue, or Roſes, to aſſwage the pa n.

If the Tooth-ache come from a hot cauſe, boil the Leaves of Henbane, ſpotted Arſmart, Houſleek, and Nettle Roots, in Vinegar, and waſh the Teeth; and to aſſwage pain, anoint the Checks with the Oyl of Lillies, Roſes, ſweet Almonds: Or you may make a Cataplaſm, with Barley and Bean Meal, the juyce of Houſleek, and Milk, and the aforeſaid Oyls; and if you add a ſmall quantity of Opium to it, it will not be amiſs.

But take this Caution, that if the Checks be ſwelled, beware how you apply Cataplaſms, leſt the Humours be repelled, and do fall into the Throat.

Many find eaſe by Maſticatories, by which they draw much Rheum from the Teeth; Take of Maſtich, and Pellitory of Spain, of each a drachm; the Seed of Henbane, Satueſacre, and Pepper, of each half a drachm: Pouder them, and ſew them up in Linnen bags, like little Balls, and chew them.

If the Teeth be hollow, the Oyls of Cloves, Camphire, Tobacco, Box, and of Hazel Nuts, are good, if a little Lint, dipt in any of them, be put into the hollow Tooth.

If the pain ceaſe not, add Laudanum, and Opium; for ſometimes Narcoticks, by ſtupefaction, do give eaſe, when other means have failed. Sometimes all Medicines can do no good, till the Nerve in the hollow Tooth be burned with an actual Cautery. This may be done with Aqua Fortis, or ſafer with Oyl of Vitriol; but be well adviſed, before you operate with things of this Nature.

If Worms be in the Hollow Tooth, Take of Aloes two ſcruples, Camphire one ſcruple, Aqua Vitae one ſcruple, the Oyl of Vitriol, and Tobacco, of each three drops; mix them, and with Lint dipped in it, apply it.

If all the Medicines preſcribed take not away the pain of the Hollow Teeth you muſt draw it out; but beware of drawing Teeth, when the Defluxion is great, the Head aketh, or the Gums ſwell: Draw not a Tooth violently, leſt you injure the Jaw bone, or cauſe a Flux of bloud, which may prove dangerous; but if ſuch a thing ſhould happen, and the bloud not eaſie to be ſtanched, you muſt apply Burnt Vitriol to the Gum, and dip Lint in Vinegar, and lay thereon; or if you ſee cauſe, you muſt burn the Nerve with an actual Cautery.

Many people have their Teeth disfigured, by black or yellow Humours cleaving to them, which in time make them rotten: this is cauſed ſometimes by a Defluxion of Humours into the Teeth, by Diſtempers of the Stomach, and evil nouriſhment thence ariſing:

Sometimes the Scurvey is the cauſe: For the cure it is requifite, that the antecedent cauſe be removed, by purging and other Remedies; and that things, that corrupt the Teeth be abſtained from, eſpecially things that are ſweet. Many are the Medicines preſcribed to make the ſeeth white; as Corral, White and Red, poudered, Tobacco Aſhes, and the Aſhes of Vine Branche, burnt, Burnt Allum, and many more: that which I have found to be the moſt excellent, is the Oyl of Vitaiol, mixed with Spring Water, and the Teeth waſhed therewith: ſome ſay the Oyl of Sulphur hath the ſame virtue.

CHAP. XXII. Of the Diſeaſes of the Gums.

SOmetimes ſharp and corroding humours, flowing from the Brain, or occaſioned by ſome Diſeaſe of the Stomach, Liver, or Spleen, may cauſe an Eroſion, or exulceration of the Gums: this Diſeaſe is eaſily known; you muſt purge the humour offending, and if the cauſe be in the Liver, Spleen, &c. you muſt endeavour to remove it: the Flux muſt be diverted from the part affected, by convenient Revulſions:

Then you muſt apply Topical Medicines, that are aſtringent and drying: Take of Acorn cups, Galls, and Allum, of each one drachm: Sanguis Draconis, Burnt Hartshorn, Red-Roſes, of each two ſcruples; Sugar-candy, Tobacco-aſhes, and Mirrh, of each one ſcruple, pouder them all: the white of one Egg, beaten to water, with as much honey as ſufficeth to make it into the form of a ſoft Ointment; ſpread it upon a Rag, and apply it. The Oyl of Vitriol, or Sulphur, mentioned in the former Chapter, may be here applyed, as there deſcribed; or a few drops, mixed with the aforegoing medicine. Sometimes a fleſhy excreſſence is generated upon the Gum, and in time groweth ſo big, that it hindereth the ſpeech; Fernelius ſaith, that it hath its original from an Ulcer not well healed: ſee Fern. lib. 7. pag. 340. Sometimes it groweth to a Cancer: It muſt be taken off by a careful and well-skilled Chirurgion, and afterwards burnt with a Cautery or the Oyl of Vitriol.

Some cure it thus, after purging, and ſufficient revulſions to divert the defluxion of humours, they tye a double thread about it, cloſe to the Gum, ſo ſtreight, that in time it falleth off; then uſe your Cautery as before, to prevent its growth again.

CHAP. XXIII. Of the Ulcers of the mouth.

IN the upper part of the mouth, there are certain Ulcers bred, called by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , we call it Truſh, vulgarly Thruſh; it is moſt common to children, preſently after they are born, cauſed by the ſharpneſs of the milk, or by reaſon of the milk corrupting in the Stomach, for want of good digeſture; ſometimes they happen to men of ripe years: they are more or leſs dangerous, as they exceed in quantity or quality: their bigneſs may be diſcovered by the Eye; alſo how deep, and putrid they be: their colour declareth the quality of the humour, which is the cauſe of them. It Flegme be the cauſe, the Truſh is white, and eaſily cured. If yellow, Choller is the cauſe, and 'tis harder to cure. If red, Blood predominateth. If black, Melancholy is the cauſe, and 'tis the worſt and hardeſt to cure. It cometh ſometimes by reaſon of a foul Diſeaſe in the body, or when the Patient hath got the French Pox. For the Cure, if it be in Children, you muſt waſh the mouth often with Plantane water, and Sirrup of Mulberries, or dryed Roſes: if you find that too weak, add ſome Allum to it: Let the Nurſe eat ſuch things as are cooling and drying; as Pears, Medlers, and Services, Marmalade of Quinces is very good in this caſe; let her likewiſe make uſe of Lettice, Purſlane, and other cooling hearbs: and if need require, let her bleed and purge. If your Patient be a man, and the Diſeaſe be ſtronger, and more violent; after the uſe of mild medicines, you muſt proceed higher: If he hath the French Pox, he muſt be freed from that, or elſe you labour in vain. Generally, you muſt conſider what humour offendeth, and purge that; you muſt bleed, and uſe ſuch revulſions as neceſſity calls for. Then you muſt make a decoction of Plantane, Bramble, Violet, and Strawberry leaves, Pomegranate flowers, &c. add Allum, and the Sirrups before mentioned, and waſh the mouth with it: if you finde that it healeth not, dip a little Lint in Oyl of Vitriol, and often touch it. If there be an inflammation, add to the before mentioned decoction, the juyce of Purſlane, Houſſeek, and Nightſhade; or the Mucilage of Quince-ſeeds, or the emulſion of the cold ſeeds. If you find an extraordinary defluxion, and your Patient want ſleep, adminiſter Laudanum; the Doſe regulated according to the age, and ſtrength of your Patient.

CHAP. XXIIII. Of a looſe Columella, and the inflammation thereof, and diſeaſes of the Tonſils.

The Columella, or the Uvula, is relaxed or looſened by a wateriſh humor falling upon it, which doth ſo moiſten and ſoften it, that it is extended to the upper part of the Wezand, and cauſeth a Nauſeouſneſs, and the Patient often ſtriveth to ſwallow it, by which it may be known, as alſo by looking into the mouth. You muſt make uſe of ſuch Evacuations, Revulſions, Derivers, & Repellers, as are preſcribed in the ninth Chapter of a Catarrh. And you muſt make uſe of Gargariſms which reſtrain and dry. Take of Plantane, Purſlane, and Shepheards purſe, of each one handful, Cyprus nuts, Pomegranate flowers, and Red roſes of each one ounce; Galls and Allum, of each one drachm: boile them in a quart of Spring water, to the conſumption of half: ſtrain it out, and add to it, Bolearmenick a drachm; Sirrup of Mulberys, and Hony of Roſes, of each one ounce; gargariſe the mouth therewith. Powders are better, which have an aſtringent and drying property: Take the Roots of Biſtort, flowerdeluce, and Tormentil, the Flowers of Pomegranates, and Red Roſes, of each half an ounce: Burnt Allum, and long Pepper, of each one ſcruple: make them into fine powder, and (depreſſing the tongue) blow it upon the Uvula. If this doth not perfect the cure, the ſuperfluity muſt be cut off; this operation muſt be performed very warily; for if you cut too much, it will be prejudicial to the ſpeech: if there be an inflammation in the Columella, you muſt extenuate ſuch accidents, before you cut it, leſt a greater inflamation follow, or a flux of blood: if the Uvula be greater at the bottome then it is at the top, then it is fitter and ſafer to cut. If the Uvula be onely inflammed, you muſt make uſe of ſuch medicines as are preſcribed for the cure of the inflammation of the tongue.

There are other diſtempers of the throat, viz. the inflammation and Ulcers of the Tonſills or Almonds of the throat, occaſioned by a defluxion of crude, Phlegmatick and Viſcid humors, mixed with blood; or by exceſſive drinking of wine, or ſtrong liquors or by a greedy devouring of meat: they who are thus afflicted, ſwallow with much difficulty, and pain: and many times have a Feaver. For the cure, adminiſter a cooling Cliſter, open the Vein under the tongue; and if blood abound, open the Cephalick-Vein in the arme: uſe all other convenient revulſions. Then make a Cataplaſme of Barly meal, the Seed of Flax and Fenugreek, and the Leaves of Mallows bruiſed, with new Milke ſufficient: and apply it to the throat. Then uſe aſtringent Gangariſms, you have examples enough in the foregoing Chapters. If the inflammation increaſeth; and the pain be ſharp and vehement in the Evening, then expect ſuppuration: then you muſt ſurther it, by gargariſing with a decoction made of Hyſop, Figs, and the Seeds of Marſh mallows; or with aquamulla. When it is perfectly rotten, ſqueez it gently that the matter may run forth, or elſe open it with a ſharp inſtrument, and let the Patient hold his head down, that the matter may the better run out: then waſh it again with aquamulſa, till it be healed. For the cure of the Ulcers of the Tonſils, you muſt obſerve the ſame rules, preſcribed for the cure of the Ulcers of the mouth.

CHAP. XXV. Of the Quinzie.

ANgina, or the Quinzie is a diſeaſe of the Jaws and Throat, by which breathing and Swallowing are hindred, withour defect of the breaſt and Lungs: there are two ſorts of Quinzyes, Legitimate and Baſtard: Legitimate Quinzy is accompanied with a feaver, and inflammation of the part; which Galen, and the antient Greekes, have divided into four ſorts: the firſt they called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 when the inflammation is in the inward & proper Muſcles of the Larynx: the ſecond they called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , & the outward Muſcles of the Larynx are in flammed: the third, they called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , and the interiour muſcles of the pharynx are inflamed: the laſt they called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 becauſe the exerior muſcels of the Jaws are inflamed; a Baſtard Angina or Quinzy cometh without a feaver.

The cauſe of the firſt, is blood either pure or mixed with Choler, flegm, or melancholly; flowing from the head to the jugular veins: the cauſe of the Baſtard Angina is cauſed by much flegme falling into the jugular veins, and by its glewineſſe obſtructing the paſſage of the ſpirits; or by a Tumor in the Vertebrae of the neck, cauſed by a deflux of cold flegm removing the Vertebrae from its proper ſeat or cauſing a luxation thereof, by looſening their Nerves, and making them ſlippery between the joynts: or laſtly this may happen by ſome fall or ſtroak or ſome external cauſe.

The Legitimate Quinzy may be known by the difficult ſwallowing and breathing, without fault of the breaſt or Lungs; pain about the Jaws and threat, red neſſe heat and a feaver: their ſorts may be diſtinguiſhed by their proper ſignes. In the firſt, there is great hinderance of reſpiration, the patient is almoſt ſtrangled, cannot breathe except he open his mouth and hold his neck ſtreight. In the ſecond, there is leſſe difficulty of breathing but greater of ſwallowing, eſpecially of drink which flyeth out at the noſe. In the third, there is ſome red tumor about the Jaws, leſs difiulty of brething, then in the firſt, but more then in the ſecond. The laſt doth hinder the breath but little, or not at all, the outward parts of the neck are red and painfull.

The baſtard Angina may be known by the abundance of flegm, and humors flowing to the mouth: If it comes by Luxation, the motion of the head and neck is hurt, and a preternatural cavity appeareth in the neck: I ſhall not need, to ſpend time, to ſhew the ſignes of every diſtinct humor predominating: reaſon, or other parts of this book will informe you.

A Legitimate Quinzy is an acute diſeaſe, and very dangerous, for want of freedome in reſpiration; therefore the firſt is worſt, and the patient in moſt danger of ſtrangling: the other are more or leſſe dangerous as they more or leſſe hinder reſpiration. If the matter fall upon the Lungs, or the ſwelling vaniſh away, without critical or artificial Evacuation, it is very dangerous, and for the moſt part deadly. If the patient foame at the mouth, it is a ſigne of death ſaith Hippocrates in his 43 Aphoriſm, becauſe it is a ſigne of ſtreightneſſe and violent heat about the heart, which ſqueezeth the moiſture out of the Lungs, and ſendeth it to the mouth in a foame.

Every Quinzy requireth a haſty and ſpeedy cure, for it ſometimes killeth in one day: read Fernelius Lib: 5 pag. 284. Let the phyſitian open the Cephalick Vein, and, if the body be naturally plethorick, and blood the cauſe of the diſeaſe, draw as much as the Patients ſtrength will bear, and reiterate Phlebotomy, according as neceſſity requireth: give a Gliſter firſt, or after, or both, or as often as need requireth; you muſt ſpeedily make uſe of other revulſions, as cupping glaſſes with ſcarification to the ſhoulders, veſicatories, frictions, and ligatures to the lower parts; purges muſt be adminiſtred, and if you find the caſe deſperate, you need not Queſtion the time of the day: Trallianus reporteth that he was forced to open a Vein, and to purge the ſame day, or elſe his Patient had bin ſtrangled. To derive the humor from the part, it is good to open the Veins under the tongue, called Ranulae. If the eaſe be deſperate, open the jugular Vein, and if the blood cannot be ſtopped, make uſe of Galens Emplaiſter, againſt a flux of blood. You muſt make uſe of Gargariſms, which have power to allay the inflammation, & ſomewhat to repel. Take the leaves of Plantaine, Nightſhade, Woodbine, Strawberry, and Cinqueoil, of each one handful: the flowers of red roſes, and pomegranates, of each one pugill: boile them in a quart of running water to a pint, Strain it and adde four ounces of Sirrup of Mulberies. But beware leſt repelling medicines drive the matter to the Lungs. The oyle of Vitriol mixed with water, ſufficient to allay its ſharpneſſe, often taken, is good to allay the inflammation of the ſtomack, Liver, and veins, alſo the parts inflamed in this diſtemper. Then you muſt apply looſning and reſolving Liniments, adding ſuch things as eaſeth pain. Take of the juice of Mallows, Chamomel, and Orpine, of each two ounces, the oyle of Chamomel, ſweet Almonds, and Lillies, of each one ounce: hens greaſe and friſh Buter, of each three ounces, boile it to the Conſumption of the juices and make a Liniment. You muſt apply ſuch things as have power to diſſolve, among thoſe which have a peculiar property againſt the Quinzy, as Riverius teacheth: Take of a Swallows neſt and Album graecum of each one drachm, powder them: flowerdeluce roots, and Chamomel, of each halfe a drachm: Hens greaſe and oyle of Lillys of each one ounce, yellow wax a little, make a Liniment. Orpine hath a peculiar faculty againſt the Quinzy, if the bruiſed hearb be outwardly applyed, and the juice ſweetned with hony often ſwallowed. Let us not forget the old and vulgar medicine viz. album graecum and hony mixed, and adminiſtred like a Lohock. For ſqeemiſh ſtomacks, or ſuch as delight in dearer medicines, you may prepare this lohock; Take of Species Diatraganthum frigidum, and diapenidion, of each one ounce: Lohock Epinis, et Sanum et Expertum, of each halfe an ounce: mix them, and with the Sirrups of Mulberies and Jujubes ſufficient, make a lohock, and take as before. If it tend to Suppuration, make uſe of the firſt Liniment, preſcribed in this Chapter: Caſſia newly drawn held in the mouth and gently ſwallowed, eaſeth pain, and maturateth the humors: when it is ripe and will not eaſily break, you muſt open it with a crooked inciſion-knife: or drop a little oyle of Vitriol upon it, when it is open, let the Patient hold down his head, that the matter may run forth; then waſh it often with barly water, and hony of roſes.

CHAP. XXVI. Of the Aſthma.

Aſthma is a difficulty and ſhortneſſe of breathing, which cometh from the ſtuffing of the Lungs, and the obſtruction of the Bronchion, or griſtles of the wind pipe, and is naturally with out a feaver; yet ſometimes it may be joyned therewith. This diſeaſe is divided into three ſorts, the firſt is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 : this is a difficulty of breathing, cauſed by the ſtuffing of the ſubſtance of the Lungs, and not the griſtles, and is not accompanied with ſnorting, and this is the leaſt of the three. The ſecond is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , when the bronchia of the Lungs are filled with flegm and doe make a great noiſe, with ſnorting and wheezing, in which the Diaphragma, and the intercoſtal muſcles between the ribs, and the Abdomen are violently moved. The third is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , in which the Patient fetcheth his breath with much difficulty, with his neck ſtretched upright; the aforeſaid Muſcles, together with the Muſcles of the breaſt and ſhoulders violently moved. This diſeaſe is cauſed for the moſt part from flegm, which falleth from the head into the Lungs, and obſtructeth the wind-pipe: ſometimes humors brought thither by Arteria Venoſa, flow to the Bronchia, and cauſeth Aſthma with ſnorting: but if they fall into the ſubſtance themſelves, or into the ſmooth arteries, it cauſeth an Aſthma without ſnothing. There needeth no more ſignes for the diſcovery of this diſeaſe, then what may be gathered from its deſcription. As to the prognoſtick, I ſay; that this diſeaſe is Chronical & hard to be cured, unleſſe the Patient be young and of a ſtrong Conſtitution: if a child hath this diſeaſe, if it be not ſpeedily removed, it dieth of a Catarth. In men, it ends in Chachexia or the dropſy. If it turne to a pleuriſy, or peripneumonia, it is deadly.

You may begin the cure with blood-letting if the body be plethorick or Corpulent, for when the Veins are empty of blood the reſpiration is free. But you muſt beware of phlebotomy in ſuch bodies, where you fear diminiſhing the natural heat, leſt flegme increaſe. You may openthe Saphaena, or ancle-Vein without danger; you muſt, in the next place, purge the head of Phlegmatick humors, which are preſcribed in the ſecond Chapter of this Book. It oftentimes hath bin proved that vomitting is good in this caſe, that the ſtomack may be emptied of flegm and thick vapors, which puffing up the ſtomack compreſſeth the diaphragma, and cauſeth difficulty of breathing: one ounce of Tobacco water, ſweetened with Sugar, will cleanſe the ſtomack by vomit. Let the Phyſitian be careful how he adminiſtreth vomits to weak people. Sharp Gliſters are good in this diſeaſe, for revulſion; but let them be given in ſmall quantityes, leſt the fulneſſe of the Bowels, compreſſe the diaphragma. The Patient muſt make uſe of ſuch things as extenuate, and make thin the humors, Take of Coltsfoot-water two ounces, Cinamon water one ounce: with an ounce of Oximel Simplex, and take it in the morning. Then let him make uſe of ſuch as have an Expectorating quality: Take of the powder Diatraganthum Frigidum, the powder of Liquoriſh, and Colts ſoot; of each one drachm; the roots of Elecampane, and Marſh mallows Candied, Conſerve of roſes and Violets of each halfe a drachm, the flower of Brimstone, and Sugar Candy, of each a ſcruple, with oyle of ſweet Almonds, (newly drawn) and Sirrup of Maidenhaire; make a Lohock. And let the Patient take the quantity of a Nutmeg, Morning and Evening; and halfe ſo much every two houres: this I have often given with good ſucceſſe. In the extremity of the Fit rub the breaſt with a cloath to open the pores, & then anoint it with this following ointment. Take of the Oyle of Chamomel, Dill, Rew, and ſweet Almonds of each two drachms; the Roots of Elecampane, and Flowerdeluce in powder, of each one drachm: the meale of flax-ſeed and Fenugreek a drachm; Saffron one ſcruple with wax ſufficient; make an ointment. Out of the fit, to perfect the cure, you muſt endeavour to ſtop the defluxion, and to cleanſe the Lungs. For the firſt you may find ſefficient remedies, in the ninth Chapter of this book, adding ſuch which reſpect the breaſt, to them: Let your medicines not be too drying, leſt they thicken the humors and encreaſe the diſeaſe. Then you muſt endeavor to unſtuffe and cleanſe the Lungs and wind pipe, with the before named Lohock, or of the like nature. I could inſert many which I omit for brevitie ſake. Quercetanus his Sirrup of Tobacco is very good: the Tincture of dryed Tobacco, as much as a peaſe held in the mouth, and ſwallowed by degrees, draweth abundance of flegm out of the ſtomack and Lungs: or if you take Tobacco in a pipe, it is good. The juice of red Coleworts made up into a Sirrup and a little Spirit of Sulphur added to it, may be taken, an ounce in the Morning. Or you may make Tablets of great virtue thus: Take of the Roots of Elecampane and Licoriſh, of each one ounce: the Leaves of Colts foot, Maiden haire, Scabius, and Woodbetony, of each a drachm: Lac Sulphuris two drams, Saffron two ſcruples; make them all into fine Powder, and with the Mucilage of Gum Traganth made with Coltsfoot water, make Tablets, which let the Patient hold in his mouth often. Platerus highly commendeth the preparation of a Cock thus. Take an old Cock, kill, pull, and draw him: ſtuff him with theſe things following: Fox Lungs freſh, or prepared, one ounce, Raiſons ſtoned, and figs, of each two ounces; Elecampane one dram: Hyſop, Savory, Horchound, Thyme, Calaminth, Peneroyal, dryed, of each one drachm: The Seeds of Fenel, and Anniſe, of each one drachm: Carthamas Seeds bruiſed, and the Roots of Polypody, of each half an ounce: White Tartar one drachm: Salt, half an ounce: the Yolks of two Eggs, Freſh Butter, half an ounce: Cut and bruiſe them according to the precepts of Pharmacy, and few them up into the Belly of the Cock; boile him (in a large Veſſel, and ſoe much water as will cover him, and no more) till his fleſh come off from his bones: ſtrain it, and add to every ten Pints, one Pound of Hony, that it may not quickly corrupt: let the Aſthmatick perſon take a Porrenger full every morning, in which diſſ lve of Manna and Caſſia newly drawn, of each half an ounce. It will be the better, if preſently after he take a dram of Venus Turpetine with penids in form of a Bolus or otherwiſe. The Patient may continue taking this Cock-broath a Moneth, or longer.

CHAP. XXVII. Of the Pleuriſie, and inflammation of the Lungs.

A Pleuriſie is an inflammation of the Membrane Pleura, and the internal intercoſtal muſcles, girding the ſides within, the Greeks call it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , and the Latines alſo Pleuritis. The matter cauſing this diſeaſe, for the moſt part is Cholerick blood, which doth eaſily penetrate the Membrane; but ſeeing other humors may cauſe it; it is either Sanguineous, Cholerick, Phlegmatick, or Melancholick: but what ever the humor offending be, Choler it hath for its Vehicle. The ſignes of a Pleuriſie (according to Galen) are five: firſt a pricking pain of the ſide; cauſed by a Cholerick humor in the Membrane, extending it ſelf, either towards the throat, or the Hypochondria. Secondly a continual ſharp Feaver, which is either Symptomatical, comming from ſome Sangnineous Tumor about the part; or eſſential, that is, when a Feaver firſt invadeth the Patient, and the boiling blood is expelled to thoſe parts. Thirdly, difficulty of breathing, becauſe th heart being inflamed, as well as the reſt, greedily deſireth refreſhment; and he parts inflamed cannot ſufficiently diſtend themſelves, to draw in the cold aire. Fourthly, a hard Pulſe like a Saw; which is cauſed by the ſtretching out of the Membrane, by which defect the Arteries are diſtended. Fifthly and laſtly, an often and troubleſome Cough; becauſe nature doth ſtrive to expel thoſe troubleſome humors from the part affected; alſo ſome of the matter ſweateth from thence into the Lungs, which cauſeth a Cough. I might here add another ſigne viz. ſpitting of blood or bloody matter, but becauſe it happeneth not in all Pleuriſies, nor at all times, I omit it. You may partly judge of the humor peceant by the conſtitution of the Patient, and ſeaſon of the Year. The particular ſignes are firſt of blood, bloody ſpittle, ſtretching and pricking pains, full Veins eſpecially about the Temples, red Urine, and the like. Signes of Choler are, yellow ſpittle, a burning Feaver, a hard and quick pulſe, the pain more acute and pricking, reſtleſneſſe, bitterneſſe of the mouth, and yellow Urine. The ſignes that ſhew Phlegm, are, much, ſweet, and frothy Spittle, the Feaver remiſs, little thirſt, the pain heavy but not violent, the pulſe not ſo hard, the Urine white and thick, the Spittle black and tough, the pain and Feaver moderate, a dry Cough, the tongue black and rough; the belly bound, the Urine red and darke, are ſignes of Melancholly. As to the prognoſtick I ſay. This diſeaſe afflicting old men, women with child, Aſthmatical perſons, or ſuch as have had it often, is dangerous. If the Feaver be violent, the breath fetched with diſſiculty, the Cough raiſeth up no matter; or the Spittle very bloody, or very white, and glutinating, green, tuſtick black; much Spitting and yet the pain abates not; the ſpitting ceaſe and the pain continue; all theſe are dangerous ſignes. On the contrary plentiful vomitting, Choler in the beginning of the diſeaſe; blood or Choler mixed with the ſpittle &c. are good ſignes.

The Cure of a Pleuriſie, conſiſts in the revelling, Deriving, diſcuſſing, digeſting, maturating, and expectorating the peccant humors: if the Feaver be eſſential, ſeek its cure in its proper place. Bleeding is a very natural remedy for a Pleuriſie, which you muſt moderate, according to the conſtitution and ſtrength of your Patient; and the violent or remiſs, ſymptoms. If your Patient ſpitt freely, forbeare blood-letting, leſt his ſpitting be ſtayed, and his life endangered. Twice or thrice in a day, or oftener, as you ſee occaſion, adminiſter cooling Juleps, to reſtrain the heat of the boiling humors: make a Iulep of Poppy water and Sirrup of Violets. After bleeding prepare a fomentation. Take of Mallows, Violet leaves, Chamomel, Pellitory of the wall, of each one handful, the roots of Marſh mallows, and Lillies of each four ounces, the ſeeds of Flax, Commin, and Fenugreek, of each one drachm; boile them well, and put them, with the liquor into a hogs bladder and foment the ſide, afterwards anoint it with this following Liniment: Take of Freſh butter and Hens greaſe of each two ounces, the Oyles of Chamomel, Lillys, Dill, and ſweet Almonds of each half an ounce: The Chimical oyle of wax a ſcruple, mix them and make a Liniment: ſome ſlit a live-Hen and apply it: ſome the Lungs or the paunch of a ſheep hot: others apply hot bread, out of the Oven, dipped in Butter. Then you may make an Emulſion, of blanched Almonds, and the great, cold ſeeds, thus: Take of Almonds blanched and ſteeped in Coltsfoot water, one ounce; the four great cold ſeeds of each half an ounce; the ſeeds of Lettice and white Poppy of each one drachm: beat them in a Marble morter, pouring on by degrees, the decoction of Barly, Liquoriſh and Plantane, a Pint and an half: ſtrain it out, and diſſolve Sirrup of Jujubes, two ounces; Sirrup of Violets one ounce: make an Emulſion for three doſes, give it Morning and Evening. If his Cough be violent let him alwayes have in his mouth, Sugar of Roſes, Sugar Candy or penids, or the Tablets of Diatraganthum Frigidum, or with Sirrup of Violets and Jujubes you may make it into the form of an Celegma or Lohock. If his ſpittle be thick and tough, adde Oxymel Simplex, or the Sirrups of Liquoris, or Coltsfoot. Let his conſtant drink be Barly water, boile it in Currans, Borrage and Bugloſs Flowers, Hartshorne, Maidenhaire, Coltsfoot, Liquoris and ſuch like, give it warm. You muſt not purge in this diſeaſe, till the declination thereof, and then uſe a gentle potion. Many medicines there are proper and ſpecial for a Pleuriſie: as Stone-horſe dung, or White-hens dung, ſoaked in Carduus water, and ſtrained, give a quarter of a pint; this hath a peircing and diſcuſſing quality, (by reaſon of the volatile ſalt in it) and doth wonderfully diſperſe the humors in the Pleuriſie. An Apple, made hollow, and a dram of Frankincenſe put therein and roſted, given to the ſick, drinking three ounces of Carduus Water after it and laid to ſweat, is good, ſaith Quercetan. Goats Blood alſo is good. If the Sick fall into a looſneſs in the height of this Diſeaſe, it is very dangerous: in the declination it is good: but if it ſo happen, give him the Sirrup of Myrtles; and do as you are taught in the Cure of Diarrhaea.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Or

The inflammation of the Lungs, is a diſeaſe, not much different in the cauſes, or ſignes from a Pleuriſie; but only in the part affected. Sometimes this Peripneumonia commeth alone, and ſometimes followeth another Diſeaſe: as the Quinzy or Pleuriſit, which is a dangerous Symptome: on the contrary, if a Pleuriſie follow the inflammation of the Lungs, it is a hopeful Symptome. This Diſeaſe is more dangerous then a Pleuriſie, and for the moſt part deadly, by reaſon of want of reſpiration, and the nearneſs of the heart. The cure is the ſame with the Pleuriſie, therefore I ſhall ſay no more of it.

CHAP. XXVIII. Of Empyema.

EMpyema, ( 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ) or a Collection of matter in the Cavity of the Thorax, is a Diſeaſe, which for the moſt part followeth a Pleuriſie, and Peripneumonia, and ſometimes a Quinzy, when they are not carefully cured; and the inflammation commeth to Suppuration; and when the Impoſthume breaketh, the matter falleth into the cavity of the breaſt. Sometimes blood falling into the Thorax, by the breaking or wounding of a Vein, may come to Suppuration, or rather Corruption. Sometimes, flegm falleth from the head and other parts into the breaſt, and there putrifying, begetteth matter like quitter. The ſignes of Suppuration beginning, according to Hippocrates, are theſe: Firſt the Pleuriſie being not purged the Feaver increaſeth while the matter is turning into Pus.

Secondly the ſharpneſs of the matter touching the Membranes, cauſeth quaking; the Third, is weight and ſenſe of heavineſs in the part. To theſe we may adde the difficulty of breathing; for although when the Impoſthume is broken, the Diaphragma, and the Muſcles of the Thorax, move more freely; yet the Lungs are oppreſſed by the matter lying, about them. But an old and confirmed Empyema is known, by a lingring, putrid and partly Hectick Feaver, more violent towards night, and much ſweating, a conſtant troubleſome Cough; the Cheeks grow Red, the Eyes hollow, the legs ſwell, Puſtles break out on the breaſt. If the Suppuration break, and the Feaver continueth, are thirſty, want appetite, the pus green, livid or frothy, brought up with much difficulty, and a looſe belly; all theſe are ſignes of Death, or of long ſickneſs: the contrary are the ſignes of recovery. They who in this condition doe lift up the whole breaſt, when they breathe, by reaſon of the matter contained, are quickly choaked.

If the matter be not ſpit forth in forty dayes, it turneth to a Conſumption and death followeth. The Supuration on both ſides is more dangerous then that of one: that on the left ſide the worſt, by reaſon of the left Ventricle of the heart. If the matter flow plentifully by Stoole and Urine, and the Patient ſtrong and hearty, it is a ſigne of recovery.

For the Cure: you muſt endeavour to help nature in Suppurating the humors, if Suppuration cannot be hindred, by this or the like Cataplaſme: Take of Chamomel, Melilot, and Mallows, of each one handful; the Roors of Althaea; one handful: Figs, and Raiſons ſtoned, of each four ounces: after due boiling, beat, and ſtrain them, adding to the Liquor, the Oyles of ſweet Almonds, Lilies, and Freſh Butter, of each one ounce; with the Meal of Wheat, Fenugreek, and Flax Seed, ſufficient, make a Cataplaſm, and apply it. In the mean time let the Patient take of this Lohock: Take of the Conſerve of the Flower of Bugleſs, Violets, and Roſes, of each one ounce; Maidenhaire, Liquoriſh, and Coltsfoot, of each one ounce: Oyle of Sweet Almonds, newly drawn, one ounce, Sugar Candy, one ounce: Powder what is to be Powdered, and with Sirrup of Liquoriſh, or Colts foot ſufficient make a Lohock; and let the Patient take thereof often. Venice Turpentine waſhed, and with Liquoriſh powder made up into Pills, are good to maturate, diſcuſs and cleanſe: give three drachms in the Morning. But if the matter will not be ſpit up, you muſt open it between the fourth and fifth Rib; and apply a Plaiſter to draw out the matter, giving the Patient a Wound-drink in the mean time: If you deſire particular direction herein, read Hieronymus Fabricius ab aqua pendente, in Libro de operationibus Chirurgicis.

CHAP. XXIX. Of ſpitting of Bloud.

Sputum Sanguinis or ſpitting of Blood, called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , is an unnatural Flux of Blood, from the vital parts, viz. the breaſt, Lungs, and Aſpera Arteria. The Immediate cauſe is Organical, or common; the Organical twofold, either the opening of the Veſſels called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , or Rarefaction, called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . The common Diſeaſe is twofold alſo, as the breaking of the Veſſels called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , or the Eroſion of them called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . Blood offending in quantity or quality may be the cauſe of opening, rarifying, breaking or Corroding of the Veſſels. To be further ſatisfyed therein, Ipray you have recourſe to the nineteenth Chapter: of Bleeding at the noſe. Some external cauſe, as Fall, Wound, or the like, may be the cauſe of Haemoptyſis: Immoderate Cold may be the cauſe, by hardening the Tunicles that they cannot be extended. It is very difficult to judge of the part from whence it commeth. If it comes from the head, it is caſt forth by Coughing, hawking, and there is a tickling in the Palat, as in a Catarrh. That which comes from the breaſt and Lungs, cauſeth Coughing: that which comes from the Lungs is Frothy; that which comes from the breaſt is Blackiſh, and commeth up with pain. That which comes from the Gullet and Stomack, is known by Vomitting; from the Jaws and Wezand, by Hawking; from the Mouth, by ſimple ſpetting. Sometimes the Blood is ſent from ſome other part to the Lungs and ſpet forth: but this may be known by pain, or ſome hurt happened there. You muſt judge of the ſignes from the quantity or quality of the Blood: the Nineteenth Chapter will inſtruct you.

To the Prognoſtick; Hippocrates ſaith, that what kind of Blood ſoever is ſpit from any of the inferiour parts is evil, for every opening of a Veſſel, which letteth out Blood is dangerous, eſpecially in the Lungs. But ſometimes it happeneth without hurt, when nature critically doth evacuate ſuperfluous Blood that way: as it is ſeen ſometimes in women, who have their courſes ſtopt.

You muſt begin the cure with Blood-letting; open a Vein on the ſame ſide, you judge the diſtemper to be. If there be obſtruction of the Termes, open the Saphaena: If your Patient is ſubject to the Hemorrhoids, Bleed with Leeches. Cupping or other Revulſions you may uſe, if occaſion be. Then purge Choller, which cauſeth the Blood to be thin and fluid, with Rubarb, Mirabolans, and the like: Then give Medicines a ſtringent to cloſe the Orifice of the Veſſels: but at the firſt give ſuch things with them, which have an expectorating quality, leſt Blood in the breaſt, or other parts, out of the proper Veſſels ſhould be coagulated; Take of Conſerve of Roſes, and the juice of Purſlane of each two ounces. Sugar of Roſes one ounce, Red Coral, Bloodſtone, Bolearmenick, and Terra Sigillata, of each half a dram: Troches of Amber, a ſcruple: the Oyle of Vitriol ſix drops: with the Whites of eggs beaten to Water, make a Lohock, of which let the Patient lick often, eſpecially Night and Morning. Quercetan preſcribeth a Water, excellent againſt ſpitting of Blood; ſee the fourth part of this Treatiſe, among Diſtilled Waters. The Chymical Oyle of Amber, two or three drops, hath an excellent aſtringing quality, take it in the Diſtilled Water of Knorgraſs, or Plantane, or the like: ſo you may take, or give half a drachm of Sanguis Draconis; or the Blood ſtone alone finely powdered out two ſcruples, Opium, Laudanum; Philonium, Romanum, and Perſicum: Theſe and ſuch like may be given, provided, the doſe be regulated by an able brain: the juice of Nettles drunk four or five ounces in the Morning, hath prevailed when all other have failed, ſaith Amatus Lucitanus. If by the uſe of Aſtringent medicines, your Patient be coſtive, give a Cliſter or purge, that leaves an Aſtringency behind it; and if the uſe of Aſtringents hinder ſpitting, mix thoſe things, which doe not only ſtop Blood, but mollifie the breaſt alſo; ſuch are the juyces of Plantane, Purſlane; the Sirrups of dryed Roſes, Quinces, Myrtles, and of jujubes, Gum Arabick, Traganth, and Starch, and ſuch like. If Blood be congealed in the breaſt, indeavour to diſſolve it, by adminiſtring ſix ounces of Oxycrate, three times a day; if it cauſe Coughing, ſweeten it with Sugar or Sugar Candy. Apply this cooling Epithem, to allay the heat of the Liver, if you ſee occaſion: Take of the Water of Roſe, Plantane, and Succory, of each four ounces: Vinegar of Roſes two ounces: of the powder called Diatrion, Santalen, a drachm, and an half; Camphire one ſcruple, make an Epitheme & apply it warme to the Liver; afterwards anoint with unguentum Roſarum, and Roſe Vinegar. Anoint the reins with Oyle of Roſes, and Water Lillys: and the Teſticles, with Oxycrate. If a Defluxion of ſharp humors, from the head unto the Lungs, be the cauſe of the Diſeaſe, ſeek the cure in the ninth Chapter. When the Blood is ſtanched, let your Patient avoid all things, that may cauſe a returne thereof; as Salt, and ſpiced meats, rich Wines, great heat, anger, and violent exerciſe. If you judge him inclinable to the Diſtemper, by reaſon of thin Cholerick humors, mixed with the Blood, purge thoſe humors, at the Spring and Fall.

CHAP. XXXI. Of the Conſumption or Ptiſick.

This Diſeaſe is called in Latine Tabes, and in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , which although it ſignifieth every Conſumption, yet is moſt properly taken for the extenuation of the whole Body, cauſed by an Ulcer in the Lungs. An Ulcer in the Lungs, by reaſon of its nearneſſe to the heart, afflicts it with putrid vapours; the heart diſperſeth it into all parts; hence commeth a Feaver hectick joyned with a putrid; and by its unnatural heat, does hinder the well concocting of nouriſhment, hence the whole Body decayeth. Sometimes ſharp corroding and Salt humors falling from the head, or the Suppurated humors from the Pleuriſie, or Empyema, which humors putrifying upon the Lungs may Ulcerate them. Many times the cauſe is in the Lungs themſelves, which have a vitious, hereditary conſtitution naturally tender, and diſpoſed to corruption. Sometimes a Puſtule is bred in the Lungs, and never breaketh, but groweth till it ſtop the paſſage of the breath, and killeth the Patient. Sometimes it commeth to Suppuration and is called the Impoſthume of the Lungs: which being broken, and flowing to the Bronchia, or paſſages in the Lungs, it may be ſpit up, if the body be ſtrong and the matter little in quantity: but many times an Ulcer remaineth, which cauſeth a Conſumption. If the Impoſtumated matter flow into the Ventricle of the heart, the ſick dye ſudainly; and many times inſenſible of any pain or ſickneſſe: take examples from Fernelius lib. 5. de partium morbis et Sympt. Chapter. 10: Pag. 288. To the cauſes of this Diſeaſe, here mentioned, you may adde all the cauſes mentioned in the ninth Chapter: of Defluxions. Hippocrates mentioneth many more kinds of Conſumptions, too tedious for me to inſert in this Volume: as thoſe proceeding from nocturnal pollutions, the running of the Reins; alſo the obſtruction of the Nerves, or the flowing of Choler to the Back, ſo, of nouriſhment, or drying cauſeth a Conſumption: likewiſe a Diſtillation from the head to the Marrow on the back, may be the cauſe, as Hippocrates faith; when a Defluxion falleth upon the Spinal Marrow, there is a ſecret, and undiſernable Conſumption. Sometimes it hath its original from hunger, and want of nouriſhment. Sometimes when the Meſeraick Veins are obſtructed, that the Chylus Concocted in the ſtomach, cannot paſſe to the Liver. In the Diagnoſtick, we muſt obſerve the ſignes of a Conſumption, beginning, begun, or confirmed. Signes of a Conſumption beginning are, a ſmall Defluxion, the Lungs not much hurt thereby, the Cough but ſmall; the ſpittle Sweet, Salt, or Bitter; the body a little Feveriſh. The ſignes of a Conſumption begun, the Diſtillation is ſtronger, the Lungs pierced, by which the Lungs are exaſperated, and the Cough violent. The matter contained in the Lungs maketh the ſtomach weighty, a ſharp pain before and behind, from the humors ſuppurating, ſharp and hearing humors, fall into the body, and ſometimes into the Veins cauſing a hective Feaver, ſometimes joyned with a Putrid The Lungs, by contracted Filth grow hot; by which heat, flegme and other humors good and bad, are drawn from the brain, which the brain fetcheth from all the body, hence comes its decay and extenuation. The Patient ſpetteth thick rotten Flegm; and doth ſweat at night, as ſoon as he ſleepeth. A Conſumption confirmed, is known by theſe ſignes: the Patient ſpitteth matter it ſelf: the Feaver ſtronger: the Cough more violent, with more provocation, and leſſe Evacuation: the Cough is attended with a hollow ſounding: he ineth and wanteth appetite, for the mouth of the ſtomach is weakened by the Defluxion: The belly is looſe, for the Flegm falling from the head, weakeneth the ſtomach and Bowells, and the retentive Faculty is deſtroyed, The Patient breatheth difficult ly, for the faculty is weak, and the Bronchia ſtopped with Putrid Matter: the haire falleth off, the cheeks waxe Blue, and his feet ſwell: the nailes of the fingers are crooked, becauſe the fleſh on the tops of the ſingers, which held them up, is decayed. Let the Patient ſpit in a Baſon of Faire Water; if he ſpit Matter, it ſinketh; if Flegm, it ſwimmeth. Thus have I briefly touched upon the cauſes and ſignes of a Conſumption; a word or two of the Prognoſtick. If the Conſumption hath not long continued, and the Ulcer but newly begun, it may be cured; otherwiſe not, for thoſe things which dry the Ulcer, doe hinder ſpitting, and encreaſe the Feaver, and maketh the body leaner. Thoſe things which are moiſt, good againſt leanneſſe and Feavers, doe make the Ulcer fouler. Thoſe that have narrow, and ſtreight breaſts, and their ſhoulder blades ſtick our like wings, are inclinable to Conſumptions, to whom it is natural, for want of natural heat. If the Conſumption came with an acute Diſeaſe; or the ſick fall into an acute Diſeaſe, it killeth ſpeedily. If the Patient ſpitteth ſtinking matter, or cannot ſpit at all; his belly looſe, he is very near Death.

It would take up a great deal more room, then I have to ſpare, to ſet down the cure of a Conſumption, (I mean when it is only begun, and the Patient ſtrong,) I ſhall only Epitomiſe it. Let the ſick drink Milke warm, either Aſſes, Goars, or Red Cows, but above all the Milke of a ſound woman is the beſt. Let him uſe a coole and moiſt diet, and make uſe of ſuch things, which may correct the Blood, make a decoction of China, Sanders, and Guajacum. You muſt purge the humors offending, but be ſure you make uſe of ſuch purges, as work very gently as Manna, Rhubarb, Caſſia, Sirrup of Roſes and the like. To allay the Feaver, it is lawful to let Blood, if your Patient be not too lean. You muſt divert the Defluxion, have recourſe to the ninth Chapter. Then you muſt give ſuch things, which have a healing quality, to cure the Ulcer, of which the Milk ſpoken of before is very good, and if Sugar of Roſes be given with it, it will be much more available. Conſerve of Roſes is good; if it aſtringe too much, and the breath fail, and the ſick cannot ſpit, make uſe of Expectorating medicines, as the Sirrup of Hyſop, Coltsfoot, or Lohocks: the laſt Chapter will enforme you. If hear be procured by the ſame means, give coolers, as the Sirrups of Violets, and Jujubes: the Muſilage of Flealand, Quinces, and the cold ſeeds. The Sirrup of the juice of Ground Ivy is much commended by Quercetan, ſee the fourth Book of Sirrups.

This Sirrup hath admirable virtues. Take of the juice of Grounding, Veronica, and Carduus Benedictus clarifyed, of each eight ounces; in which boile of all the ſorts of Maidenhaire, Scabious, and Lettice, of each half a handful, very gently; then diſſolve, in the Liquor ſtreined, a pound an half of White Sugar, and boile it to the heighth of a Sirrup; adde in the end, of the extract of Juniper, three drams: of the juyce of Liquoriſh, and the Extract of Carduus, of each four ſcruples. Let the Patient take a ſpoonful before every meal, and as much when he goeth to bed. Forreſtus commendeth this powder following; Take of White Poppy Seed ten drachms, Starch, Gum, Arabick, and Tragacanth, of each three drachms: Purſlane, and Mallows Seed, of each five drachms: the four great Cold Seeds, of each ſix drachms; Quince Seeds, the like quantity: Spodium, and juyce of Liquoriſh, of each three drachms: the Penids the weight of all the reſt, make it into fine powder, and give two drachms in a morning, with the Sirrups of Poppyes or Jujubes: or you may give it in Barly Creame, Almond Milk, or in any other convenient liquor.

Or this Lohock is very good: Take of Lohocke pulmone Vulpis, and Sanum et Expertum, of each one ounce: Conſerve of Roſes; Dimargariton Frigidum, and Diapenidion, of each half an ounce: Manus Chriſti, and Lac Sulphuris, of each three drams: with the Sirrup of Comfry; make a Lohock, of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Hazel-nut often, and twice as much night and morning. The oyle of Vitriol is good to dry the Ulcer, if two or three drops, be given in a morning, with the juyce of Plantane, or Roſe Water and Sugar, ſaith Claudinas. The Balſom of Peru, is not without its virtues, for the healing of the Ulcers of the Lungs, if a drop or two be made into a Pill with Sugar, or the Powde of Liquoriſh, and taken every morning; ſo you may take the Balſome of Sulphur. Fumigations may be made of Frakincenſe, Mirrh, Maſtich, Benjamin, Yellow Sanders, Amber, Storax, and the like; and taken in the mouth or noſe, & the roome ſented therewith. Or you may make a moiſt Fumigation of ſuch hearbs, which are freindly to the Lungs. Take of Coltsfoot, Hyſſop, Horehound, & Alehoofe, of each two handfulls, bruiſe them and put them in a Pipkin with a cover cloſe Luted on, with water ſufficient; put it into the Oven, when the Bread is half Baked; the Bread being Baked draw out the Pipkin, and put a funnel into a hole which it muſt have at the top, and draw the fumes into the mouth, and put it out at the noſe. Many other medicines and precepts, I might here preſcribe, which I muſt omitt, for brevityes ſake; only remember that all the medicines againſt ſpitting of Blood, are profitable for the Ulcer of the Lungs.

CHAP. XXXII. Of the Palpitation of the heart.

The Palpitation of the heart is an immoderate, and preternatural ſhaking of the part with a great diaſtole or vehement Syſtole, which ſometimes hath bin ſo great, that the adjoyning ribs have bin diſplaced, ſometimes broken: and ſometimes an Artery hath bin much dilated, ſo ſaith Fernelius lib. 5. Chap. 12: Pag 292. The Greeks call this Diſeaſe 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , and the Latines Palpitato Cordis. The cauſes of it, may be referred to three heads: the firſt is a moleſtation of the heart, ſometimes a troubleſome vapor, ariſing from cold and thick humors lodged near the heart, eſpecially the Pericardium, and conveighed to the Ventricles of the heart: or ſent from the ſtomach, Spleen, womb or the like; or cauſed by the Plague, poiſon, worms putrified; or the Meſtrues ſtopped, and conveighed as before, may be the cauſe of Palpitation. To theſe, adde exceſſe in quantity or quality, of bloody, Cholerick or watry humors oppreſſing the Veins, Arteryes or Ventricles of the heart. Likewiſe Inflammation, Impoſthumation, or Tumors happening in the Arteries of the Lungs near the heart, or in the Pericardium, may be the cauſe of Palpitation. A Second cauſe is a preternatural heat, by which the Spirits are inflamed, and the motion of the heart and Arteries is encreaſed, and this ſometimes (though ſeldome) ariſeth from an inward cauſe: often from an outward, as anger, violent excerciſe and the like. The third cauſe is the defect of Spirits, cauſed by hunger, watching, anger, joy, fear, ſhame, or great Diſeaſes, or any thing, which diſſipateth the Spirits, which the heart labouring to recover, encreaſeth its motion, and cauſeth Palpitation. The Diagnoſis or knowledge of this Diſeaſe is eaſie, for it may be felt, heard, or ſeen: The cauſes muſt be diſtinguiſhed by their proper ſignes. A hot diſtemper is known by often breathing, by a Feaver and heat of the breaſt, and a deſire of cold things. If wind be the cauſe, it is ſubject to Variation, and raiſed by a ſmall motion, the breath is difficult; a miſt before the eyes, and a noiſe in the eares &c. If the Diſeaſe commeth from humors in the heart or Pericardium, it comes not ſuddainly, nor goeth away quickly. The nature of the humor you may gather from their Symptomes. Water in the Peticardium is hard to be known, but we may conjecture it, by the weakneſſe of the Pulſe, the heart ſeems to be almoſt ſuffocated in water. If Malignant and Peſtilent humors cauſe it, the Patient fainteth, a loſſe of the pulſe and ſtrength &c. If it come by conſent from other parts, their proper ſignes declare it. If a Tumor be the cauſe, the motion of the heart is different from the natural, and the pulſe is various: if the Tumor be in the pericardium, and hard, the diſeaſe is conſtant, and the Patient decays without manifeſt cauſe. To the Prognoſtick I ſay, it is a dangerous Symptome, becauſe the motion of the heart, by which life is preſerved, is hindered; and Galen ſaith, that they who are thus affected in youth, or middle age, live not to be old, becauſe the Vitalls are weak in them. Alpho: 41 de loco aff: Sect 2 et 5: Chap. 2. If it come from a Tumor, it is incurable; if it be peculiar to the heart, or pericardium, it is incurable. If it come by conſent from other parts, the cure muſt be ſought out of their proper Chapters: but, (ſeeing not only the cauſe ought to be removed, but alſo the Symptomes aſſwaged, by refreſhing the heart) you muſt adminiſter Cordial medicines, which have power to ſtrengthen the heart. If a hot diſtemper vex the heart, Take of the Conſerve of Violets, Water-lillys, Borrage or Bugloſſe flowers, of each one ounce: Diamargariton frigidum, Diarrhodon Abbatis, of each two drachms: Red Sanders, Coral, and Camphire, of each a drachm: with the Sirrups of Coral, Balme, or Citron peels, make an Opiate, of which let him take often. If cold humors cauſe the Palpitation: Take of the Conſerve of Roſes, and Roſemary flowers, of each one ounce: Aromaticum Roſarum, Dianthus, and Diambra, of each one drachm: Cinamon, Cloves, and Mace, of each half a drachm: Confection of Alchermes, two ſcruples: Amber, Muſke, and Saffron, of each one ſcruple: with Sirrup of Clove-Gilly-flowers, make an Opiat, and give it as before. With theſe and the like ingredients the Ingenious may form medicines of all ſorts, whether the diſeaſe be hot, or cold: likewiſe may Liniments, Unguents, Epithemas, and Sacculibe prepared, and applyed to the Region of the heart, to ſtrengthen, and abate the hot or cold diſtempers thereof. If an humor gathered near the heart cauſe the Palpitation, extenuating medicines muſt be mixed with your Cordialls, and if nothing prohibite, open the inner Vein of the arme, called Baſilica; if that appear not, open the middle Vein, which courſe Galen commendeth; alſo if you ſee occaſion adminiſter purging, and Carminative Cliſters.

CHAP. XXXIII. Of Swooning, or Syncope.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or Swooning is a ſudden, and ſwift failing of all ſtrength: for all parts having a continual neceſſary influence upon the heart, and vital ſpirits; when they fail, all the reſt muſt ſuffer. This Diſeaſe is diſtinguiſhed from the Epilepſy, which hath a Convulſion, and this not from an Apoplexy, in which the breath is much ſtopped, and the pulſe not much abated, till near death: but here the pulſe faileth and the breath is free. In Fits of the Mother, the breath is moſt obſtructed, the pulſe not much altered, nor the colour of the face, except it be higher: the contrary happeneth in a Syncope. The immediate cauſe of this Diſeaſe, is the defect of the Vital Spirits, in which nature is conſtrained, leſt the heart ſhould totally fail, to fetch the ſpirits from other parts to the heart, by which means they loſe their functions. This defect happeneth four ways principally: Firſt they are naturally few, by fault in the faculty making of the Vital Spirits; or the matter: which fault commeth by diſeaſes proper to the heart, or by conſent from other parts. Proper to the heart, are too much conſtriction, dilation, and Solutions happening to the Ventricles of the heart; or ſuch as deſtroy the natural temper, as Sharp, Malignant, Fainting, Peſtilential, and Hectick Feavers, and the like. The faculty may be hurt by diſeaſes in thoſe parts, which have a Sympathy with the heart, as the Brain, Liver, Stomach, and Womb. The matter is faulty, when the Aire or Blood, (by which the Vital ſpirits are generated) is defective, or corrupted. The aire is defective, when reſpiration, and tranſpiration is hindered: But the hinderance of nutrition cauſeth a defect of the Blood. They are both corrupted, when their qualityes are changed. Secondly this Diſeaſe is cauſed when the Spirits are diſſipated and ſpent, by too great evacuations which may be done ſenſibly, or inſenſibly. Senſibly, by inordinate Phlebotomy, Bleeding of wounds, or at the Mouth, Noſe, Womb, Belly, or Hemorrhoids: or an extraordinary diſcharging of other excrementitious humours, by Vomit, Stool, Urine, or Sweat: the breaking of an inward Impoſtume; or by Empyema; or by tapping the Nave lin the Dropſy. Inſenſible evacuations, are cauſed by ſharp or thin humours, which rarifie the skin; or the immoderate heat of Bathes or Hot-Houſes. To theſe add long Watchings, Faſtings, Lechery, Anger, Joy, long continuing, and violent pain or ſickneſs &c. may cauſe a diſſipation of the ſpirits. Thirdly, this diſeaſe is cauſed by things which alter and corrupt the Spirits, as venemous and peſtilential aire and ſtincks, or an evill diſpoſition of the Bowels and other parts; in a word, all things which are averſe to the heart may corrupt the ſpirits. Or Laſtly the ſpirits may be ſuffocated or deſtroyed: which may come to paſs, by a vehement returning of Blood and Spirits to the Heart; as alſo corrupt vapours, cold and thick blood, and other humours gathered about the Heart, or the adjacent parts. Theſe ſignes ſhew a Syncope, viz. a ſudden failing of ſtrength, a ſlow pulſe ſometimes ſtopping, a pale and blewiſh Face, the body externally cold, a cold Sweat, eſpecially on the Temples, Neck, and Breaſt. The ſignes of the Cauſes, for the moſt part, are manifeſt, as the ſorts of Feavers, and the external Cauſes, but now named, may be eaſily known. A ſharp Noſe, hollow Eyes, the Temples fallen, are ſignes of thin Humours: gnawing of the Stomach, pricking heat, and great pain, do ſhew that the Body is troubled with Choler. Abundance of crude Humours, is known by the enlarging of the Body, ſwelling of the Breaſt, the colour pale, and the pulſe ſmal, unequal, and obſcure. If ſwoonding come by conſent from other parts, the Signes of thoſe parts affected will diſcover it. They who often and violently faint without manifeſt Cauſe, dy ſuddenly (ſaith Hippocrates.)

A Syncope, which cometh from ſome evident Cauſe, as Fear, Sorrow, or immoderate Evacuations, is leſſe dangerous then that which cometh from an internal Cauſe. In reſpect of various Cauſes, you muſt vary the Cure. If it come from immoderate Evacuations, you muſt endeavour to ſtop it with their proper Medicines, preſcribed in their ſeveral Chapters. If from too violent purging, give three graines of Laudanum, or two of Opium. If by too much ſweating, you muſt uſe Medicines which reſtrain Sweat. If from ſuffocation of the Spirits, call them back by Frictions, Ligatures, and Cupping. If it come from Poyſon taken, give ſomthing to expell it; after Vomiting with Oyl, give Treacle: if it burn in the guts, give Milk, fat Broth, or cooling Cordials. If thinneſs of the Humours cauſe it, give things that are ſweet and thickning.

If want of Food cauſe a Syncope, make uſe of a reſtoring Diet, and nouriſhing Broths. To conclude, From what Cauſe ſoever it come, in the Fit, lay your Patient upon his back, throw cold water into his Face, make him ſneez, put Aqua-vitae, Caeleſtis or Imperiales into his Mouth: call him loud, ſtop his Noſtrils, wring his Fingers, pull his Haire, rub, bind, and Cup if need be.

CHAP. XXXIIII. Of want of Appetite.

As there are divers actions of the Stomach, ſo there are divers diſeaſes hindring thoſe actions: See the fifth Chap. of the firſt Book. And ſeeing that the attractive faculty is the firſt in order, I ſhall begin with the want of Attraction or Appetite. It is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , In Latine Inappetentia, In Engliſh Want of Appetite or Loathing of Meat. That we may rightly judge of the Cauſes of this Diſeaſe, let us conſider the Natural Cauſes of Appetite and Hunger, by which we may the better diſcover the fault or hinderance. The firſt cauſe of Hunger, is emptineſſe of the Stomach: if there be no emptineſſe, there is no Attraction, nor Appetite. Want of emptineſſe, is when the parts are filled with plenty of crude Humours, cauſed by Gluttony or Drunkenneſs; want of Excerciſe or uſual Evacuations: Weakneſs of the Natural Heat or a Feaver, when the Heat is buſied to concoct the matter of the Diſeaſe, or the like. The Second cauſe of Appetite, is the attraction of Nouriſhment to the Stomach, ſometimes this is depraved, though the parts are empty, when the Veins have left their ſtrength by Sickneſs, or immoderate Evacuations. The third cauſe of Appetite, is the Attraction of the Chilus, from the Stomach to the Liver, by the Meſeraick Veins; which cannot be performed if thoſe Veins are obſtructed, the Chilus ſent out by Siege, and the parts d •… prived of their neceſſary Nouriſhment.

Fourthly, the faculty of attracting an Appetite requireth a good diſpoſition of the ſtomach, brain, and Nerves: conſequently what ever altereth their diſpoſitions deſtroyeth apperite: great heat and drieth, diſperſing the moiſt ſubſtance of the ſtomach, doth cauſe a want of appetite. The like doth cold, which cauſeth a Stupefaction of the parts, and extinguiſheth the natural heat.

Flegmy and Slimy-humors gathered in the ſtomach by evil concoction, or by a defluxion from the head: the ſuppreſſion of the Termes, or Hemorrhoids, ſmoothereth the natural heat, and cauſeth want of attraction. Diſtempers of the Brain and Nerves, maketh a man inſenſible of the attracting in the ſtomach. The ſigne of the firſt cauſe is known by high feeding, repletion, want of evacuation, the body is full and the Veins Swoln, and the like. The ſecond cauſe is evident, by ſickneſſe, or immoderate evacuations. The third is known by obſtruction of the Liver, Spleen, or Meſentery The fourth cauſe is thus known. If there be a great heat in the ſtomach, dryneſſe, bitterneſſe of the congue and Jaws, and a Feaver, with heart-burning, and the like. All which ſignifie a hot diſtemper of the ſtomach; if it flow from ſome other parts; the ſignes of Inflammation of the Liver and other parts will demonſtrate it. A cold diſtemper and much flegm is known by coldneſſe of the ſtomach, great heavineſſe, and ſharp belchings. Prog: want of appetite is dangerous, for it is a digreſſion from the natural eſtate. Loathing of meat for want of natural heat is farr more dangerous, then when it is cauſed by abundance of evil humors. In children want of appetite is worſe then in men, becauſe their natures require more nouriſhment. In all diſeaſes want of Appetite is an evill Symptome. If a man recovering wanteth Appetite, there is fear of a Relapſe. If want of Appetite come from a Diſeaſe of ſome other part, I referr you thither for the Cure: but if it be onely in the Stomach, you muſt conſider it as either Hot or Cold. If a hot Humour be the cauſe, purge Choler gently and often, if your Patient be eaſy to vomit, give an eaſy Vomit. Alter the Humours with cooling Sirrups and Juleps, mixing therewith the Spirit of Vitriol, or Sulphur; for all ſharp things allay Choler, and provoke an Appetite. After Purging, Marmalade of Quinces is good, or take this following Opiate: Take of Conſerve of Wormwood and Sorrel of each one Ounce: Conſerve of Roſes, Succory, and Bugloſſe, of each halfe an Ounce: Diamargariton frigidum, and Diarrhodon Abbatis, of each one Drachm: Troches of Spodium one Scruple, with Sirrup of Lemmons, make an Opiate; of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Cheſnut, Morning, Night, and Noon. To the Stomach apply a Roſe Cake ſteeped in Vinegar. Or anoint the Stomach outwardly with this Liniment: Take of Oyle of Roſes, Martles, and Quinces, waſhed with Vinegar of Roſes, of eath two Ounces: all the Sanders, red Corall, Coriander ſeed prepared, and red Roſes, of each one Drachm: the graines of Kermes and Spodium, of each half a Drachm: White Wax as much as is ſufficient to make a Liniment, and anoint the Stomach often therewith.

If a cold Diſtemper of the Stomach, draw crude, flegmatick, and inelancholy Humours thither from other parts: you muſt amend the Diſtempers of thoſe parts with Medicines, laid down in their proper Chapters. Then you muſt evacuate the Humours oppreſſing the Stomach; and afterwards ſtrengthen it. You muſt evacuate the Humours, eitherby Vomit or Stool; give no Vomits, but to thoſe who are eaſy to vomit. Of Purges, Pills are moſt profitable, becauſe of their long continuance in the Stomach: the laſt Booke will furniſh you with purging Medicines. If the Humours in the Stomach be tough, you muſt diſſolve them with Hony of Roſes, Oxymel, and the like.

Beware how you adminiſter Pills, which are ſtrong in operation, leſt they draw Humours from other parts to the Stomach. If the Liver be very hot you may be let Blood, otherwiſe not; and in this caſe, you muſt adminiſter ſuch things as cool the Liver. After ſufficient Purging, you muſt come to ſtrengthen the Stomach, internally and externally: Take of the Sirrup of Wormwood, and Quinces, of each two Ounces: the Sirrup of Citron Peels, one Ounce: Cinnamon water, four Ounces: the Spirit of Sulphur, ten Drops: mix them, and let the Patient take a Spoonfull or two, Morning, Noon, and Night, or oftner, as neceſſity requireth. Quercetanus his Sirrup of Cinnamon is very good, See the laſt Book. If the Diſeaſe be of long continuance, let the Patient make uſe of the Guajacum Drink, preſcribed in the Second Chapter of this Book; the bath of Bath is profitable in this Caſe.

But if a hot Liver attend a cold Stomach, as it often doth, your Medicines ought to be the more temperate, Zechius commendeth this Bolus; Take of waſhed Turpentine two Drachms: Powder of Maſtich half a Drachm: Aromaticum Roſarum, half a Scruple; make a Bolus; and let the Sick take it two hours before Meat. Candied Nutmegs and Ginger is good: and it is convenient for the Patient to drink his Beer warm. This Liniment is good, Take of the Balſom of Peru, three Ounces: the Oyles of Nutmegs, Wormwood, and Maſtich, of each one Ounce; mix them and anoint the Stomach: Alſo with theſe and other ingredients, which have a heating and expectorating Quality you may make Unguents and Plaiſters, to be applyed to the Stomach.

CHAP. XXXV. Of a depraved Appetite.

The Appetite is depraved two wayes: Either in Quantity or Quality. If it be depraved in Quantity, Nouriſhment is deſired in greater quantity then Nature would: it is called by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , by the Latines Fames Canina, whence we call it, Dogg's Appetite. It is depraved in Quality, when things, which are not Food, but vitious and unwholſome, are deſired, This is called in Greek, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 .

Firſt, thoſe that are troubled with the Dogg's Appetite, do feed inſatiably, and afterwards ſome do vomit like Dogg's, ſome do purge, and others do digeſt it, and if they have not more preſently, are ſick. The part affected, is chiefly the mouth of the Stomach: The Cauſe containing, is Senſe of ſucking and vehement pulling, which ſtirrs up the Appetite. Vicious Humours ſticking to the mouth of the Stomach, by their too much Coldneſs; Sharpneſs or Sowrneſs do bind, wrinkle, and pull the mouth of the Stomach, and ſo beget a falſe Appetite; Melancholy, ſent from the Spleen to the Stomach, if it exceed and be praeternaturall, cauſeth an unnatur all Appetite. It may be cauſed by want of Food, and Emptineſs cauſed by too great Evacuations, by which the Veins do continually ſuck.

Somtimes it cometh from Wormes in the Stomach, which devour the Chilus. The Hermetick Phyſitians do attribute it to a ſharp, ſalt, and devouring Spirit or Faculty in the Stomach: which doth readily conſume what ever Meat is taken, as Aqua Fortis doth quickly diſſolve the fixedſt Mettals, the hardeſt Stones into Liquor; and by this meanes, doth not allow Nature a lawful and neceſſary bound of Nouriſhment. The Diſeaſe it ſelf, needs no other Signe, then the devouring of Meat. The ſignes of the Cauſes may be eaſily found; they which manifeſt a cold Diſtemper, and ſharp Humours in the Stomach, are belching and ſharp vomiting, crude Ejections, want of Thirſt, and external Cauſes of Refrigeration. If defect of Nouriſhment is the Cauſe, the Patient is Lean, and there are Cauſes preſent, or a foregoing of the decay of Moiſture. If Wormes be the Cauſe, in the Chapter of the Wormes, their ſignes ſhall be ſpoken of.

Prog: If this Diſeaſe, come from external Cauſes, or from Wormes, it is not dangerous: Judge the contrary, if it follow Emptineſſe, and great Evacuations: or if the Patient doth vomit or purge much, for then the Body (for the moſt part) falleth into a worſe Diſeaſe. To cure this Diſeaſe, you muſt purge, by Vomit or Stools, (taking the Caution in the laſt Chapter) the Phlegmatick and Melancholy Humours, ſticking to the Stomach; Then you muſt labour to ſtrengthen the Stomach with internal and external Medicines, preſcribed in the former Chapter. Six graines of Ambergreaſe taken in a reere Egg, hath a ſpecial Quality to ſtrengthen the Stomach, and cure the Diſeaſe. Narcotick Medicines, by dulling the exquiſite Senſe, do ſometimes cure the Diſeaſe, but muſt not be uſed till all other meanes fail, and then adviſed by an able Brain.

Hippocrates ſaith that Wine and Aqua vitae is good: and experience teacheth, that Oyl and Fat things, are ſeldom given without Succeſſe.

Pica and Malacia is a depraved Appetite, by which unprofitable and hurtfull things are deſired. It is cauſed by the eating of evil Meats, by which, the Stomach is diſpoſed for the production of Melancholy and Phlegmatick Humours, hence divers Apperites of evill things are engendred. Some deſire things that are ſowr, ſharp, bitter, and cold; as Vinegar, Juyce of Lemmons and Orenges, cold Water, Snow, Ice, unripe Fruits, and the like. Some do deſire earthly, dry, and burnt things; as Nutmegs, Cloves, Cinnamon, and other Spices: Salt, Aſhes, Coles, Chalk, Tobacco-Pipes, Lime, Oat-meal, Tar, Candles, and ſuch like. This Diſeaſe happeneth, for the moſt part, to Women with Child, or to Maids which have the Green-ſickneſſe, who having their Termes ſtopped, and ſtaying, corrupteth the Body, and aſcending, infecteth the Stomach, and taketh the Appetite from its Natural Condition. Sometimes (though ſeldom) Men and Boyes, are thus troubled: Fernelius ſpeaks of a Noble man, who having an extraordinary Appetite to Lime, did devour a piece as big as his fiſt, without offending his Stomach or Bowels. The Cauſe of this Diſeaſe may be found out by the things deſired: For if they deſire Coles, Salt, or the like, we may conclude, that the Diſeaſe depends upon ſalt and burnt Humours.

This Diſeaſe is Chronical, and of Continuance, but is ſeldom dangerous: yet ſomtimes if the Stomach cannot be reduced to its former Condition, Obſtructions, Evill habits, Dropſies, and Cardialgiaes, are produced. The more contrary to Nature the things deſired are, the farther diſtant is the Stomach from the Natural Temper. If you aim at the Cure, it differeth not from the former: but you muſt conſider the variety of the Bodyes affected. If this Diſeaſe happen to a Man, it hath its original from the Obſtruction of the Liver and Spleen, and you muſt ſeek the Cure in their proper Chapters. If Women with Child are thus affected, be ſparing in giving Medicines, for fear of Miſcarriage: for the moſt part they are freed of it in the fourth Moneth. If the Green-ſickneſs in Maids be the Cauſe of this Effect; ſeek the Cure in the Chapter of the Green-ſickneſs.

CHAP. XXXVI. Of the Thirsty Diſeaſe.

This Diſeaſe is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; in Latine Sitis Morboſa; The immediate Cauſe is Want of moiſt Nouriſhment: Drineſſe of the Stomach and other parts, which maketh the Stomach ſenſible of their wants: It is cauſed by thoſe things, which have a Power to conſume and dry up the Moiſture of the Stomach and whole Body. It is cauſed alſo by Propriety or Sympathy: by Propriety, when the Moiſture of the Stomach is altered or drawne forth by a hot, dry, ſalt, ſharp, or filthy Humour, contained in his Cavity. By Sympathy, when the whole Body, or ſome particular Member, having loſt its Moiſture, doth ſuck Moiſture from the Stomach: For the Veins having loſt their Moiſture, endeavour to recruite themſelves with the Stomach's moiſture, as it happeneth in Feavers, Inflammations of the Liver, Lungs, and a hot and dry Diſtemper of the Reins, cauſeth Diabetes or a continual Piſſing, and is accompanied with great Thirſt, and therefore is called Dipſacus. The outward cauſes alſo are all ſuch things as heat and dry: the uſe of ſalt, ſharp, and ſpiced Meats; Exceſs of old rich Wine: Watchings, or immoderate Evacuations. The Sons of Hermes conclude, that praeternatural Thirſt is cauſed by thirſty Spirits, bred of ſulphureous Excrements: whoſe Thirſt cannot be ſatisfied with ordinary cooling Medicines: unleſſe the ſharp ſpirits of Vitriol, Sulphur, or Salt, be added to them.

The Knowledge of the Diſeaſe is eaſy, of the Cauſe, and the Part affected, not difficult. Of the Diſeaſe, the Patients Complaint for want of Drink, will inform you: Likewiſe the Cauſe may be diſtinguiſhed, by the Taſts, which are hot, dry, ſalt, bitter, ſharp, and the like. Laſtly, the Taſts do not onely diſtinguiſh the peccant Humour, but alſo that the part affected is the Mouth of the Stomach: but if Thirſt come by conſent from other parts, the Signes of thoſe Diſeaſes will be manifeſt. The Thirſt which comes from external Cauſes, is eaſily quenched with Drink: that which comes from internal Cauſes, are more or leſſe dangerous, according to their differences. Thirſt accompanying Feavers, ends with them, and their Cures ſhall be ſet down in their proper places. Thirſt in a Dropſy is not allayed, but rather encreaſed by Drink, and is moſt dangerous. If it be cauſed by immoderate Evacuations: Suppreſs the Evacuations, and reſtore the Empty Parts with cooling and moiſtning Medicines, ſuch as are preſcribed in the Cure of the Feaver Hectick and Maraſmus.

CHAP. XXXVII. Of evill Digestion.

The Concoction of the Stomach is hurt three wayes: viz. it may be diminiſhed, depraved, or aboliſhed, Concoction diminiſhed is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , depraved 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , aboliſhed 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . The fault of Concoction, is either in the Organ, Object, External or Internal things. The fault in the Organ comprehendeth all Diſeaſes in the Stomach: For ſince digeſtion is made in the Stomack by a moderate natural Heat, if it want its Moderation, the digeſtive Faculty is hurt. A cold Diſtemper of the Stomach, if it be gentle, diminiſheth the Heat, and weakneth Concoction. If it be greater it aboliſheth it: A hot diſtemper in the Stomach depraveth the Faculty, and cauſeth difficult Concoction.

Though theſe Diſtempers are ſomtimes ſimple, yet many times, they are joyned with Matter, as Phlegm, and black Humours cauſed by Hypocondriack Melancholy, which cauſe Crudities, ſowr Belchings, Rumblings, Winds, and the like. The fault of the Object is thus conſidered, when the Nouriſhment, which is the proper Object of the Stomach, offendeth, in Subſtance, Quantity, Quality, or Time. Nouriſhment offendeth the Stomach, in Subſtance, when it is too hard and difficult to be concocted. In Quantity, it offendeth the Stomach, when either too much is taken at once, that the natural Heat cannot digeſt it, but ſome part of it remaineth Crude: Leſſe taken then Nature requireth, becometh Crude alſo, when it is dryed or burnt in a Cholerick Stomach. In Quality, Food offendeth, when it is either too hot, or dry, or too cold, moiſt, and windy for the Stomach. In reſpect of Time, Nouriſhment may offend the Stomach, If a Man contrary to his order in Diet, doth eat liberally a little before he goeth to Bed, this may hurt concoction. External or internal Meanes may hurt the concoctive Faculty: Namely, an Aire too hot may diſſipate the natural Heat; an Aire too cold may dull it: Immoderate Excerciſe, eſpecially after Meat, draweth the Heat from the Stomach to the External parts; and drives the imperfect Chylus into the Guts, and ſo weakens Concoction. Coſtiveneſs of the Belly, or a Flux; immoderate Watching, or ſleep in the day time; deep Study upon a full Stomach; Sadneſs and other Paſſions of the Mind, do hinder the Actions of the Stomach. The Hermetick Phyſitians add another Cauſe, for they ſay (and not without reaſon) that a ſharp Liquor ſent from the Spleen to the Stomach, which hath a great power to diſſolve, in its Natural State, cauſeth a laudable Concoction; & that concoction is not made by Heat onely: For Meat boyled in a Pot, with a ſtrong Heat many dayes, is not diſſolved: and Bones in a Doggs Stomach are quickly diſſolved: Likewiſe Fiſhes do quickly diſſolve their Meat, though they have no actuall Heat. Birds do quickly concoct the hardeſt Seeds, and ſmall pebble Stones, and they have a Spleen round about their Maw; and that there is a diſſolving Spirit inhaerent in the Gizzards of Birds, the Phyſical practice doth prove, being often uſed in Medicines to help Concoction, diſſolve the Stone, and the like.

The Signes of a diminiſhed or aboliſhed Concoction, is the ſame, differing onely in Degrees: viz. ſowr Belchngs, Vomiting or Purging forth of Food either not well, or not at all concocted; Weight, Extenſion, and Inflammation of the Stomach; the Patient ſenſible of ſome cold Cauſe going before, and is worſe by taking of cold things: the Urine thin, & pale like Water, and ſometimes thick and red. If the concoctive Faculty be depraved, the Patient is ſenſible of ſtinking Belchings, and the like Taſt in the Mouth, of Heat and Thirſt; and is prejudiced by Hot things. If it come from external Cauſes, the Patient, or ſome about him will be able to demonſtrate it; if it come by conſent from other Parts, their Signes muſt be conſidered.

Concoction hurt by conſent from other Parts, is eaſier cured, then that, which is proper to the Stomach, onely that which cometh from external Cauſes, is cured eaſieſt of all. Concoction diminiſhed, though it be not the worſt, yet it bringeth many inconveniencies, as the Chollick, Chachexy, and ſomtimes the Dropſy. Concoction aboliſhed is worſt, becauſe all Parts are fruſtrated of their Nouriſhment, and deadly Diſeaſes follow, as the Lientery, Dropſy, Atrophy, &c.

A depraved Concoction is the cauſe of many Evills likewiſe, as Obſtructions, Scabs, Feavers. &c. To cure the Diſeaſe, you muſt remove the Antecedent, Conjunct, and External cauſe: The Stomach muſt be cleanſed of the offending Humours, and then ſtrengthened, ſeek Medicines in the Chap. of Want of Appetite. If it come by conſent, you muſt amend the Parts ſending the Humours: their proper Chapters will furniſh you with means.

CHAP. XXXVIII. Of the Hiccough.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Greek, and Singultus in Latine, in Engliſh Hiccough, is a depraved motion of the Stomach, by which it deſireth to expell ſomthing which is hurtfull. It is cauſed (according to Hippocrates) of Fulneſſe or Emptineſſe; ſometimes (ſaith Galen) by Provocation. The matter cauſing the Hiccough, is either gathered in the Stomach; or is ſent from other Parts. Sharp Humours, Nouriſhment, or Medicines; or gnawing Worms in the Stomach, may cauſe a Hiccough by propriety: It is cauſed by conſent, when the Liver, Spleen, Guts, or other Parts, being inflamed, ſend offenſive Vapours, or Water to the Stomach. A Tumor in the Liver (being inflamed) doth compreſſe the Stomach, and ſo provoke the expulſive Faculty; finally, ſharp Humours, ſent from all parts of the Body, in malignant Feavers, may be the cauſe of the Hiccough. Diagnoſtick ſignes are, if the Diſeaſe come by Propriety, it is more laſting, and is eaſed by Vomit: the ſignes of the Humours in the Stomach, appear by the Taſt in the Mouth, Belchings, &c. If it come from any other part of the Body, their proper Signes will declare it. Prognoſticks are. If the Hiccough be cauſed by Meat, Drink, of Cold, it is not dangerous. But if it come in a malignant or great Feaver, and continue, it is deadly. The ſame you may judge, if the Hiccough (accompanied with redneſs of the Eyes, in an acute Diſeaſe) invade the Patient after Vomiting. Singultus from the inflammation of the Liver is alſo hurtfull. For the cure, you muſt, (if the diſeaſe come from a cold cauſe,) Firſt, adminiſter medicine, which do cut and prepare the Humours, as Vinegar, and Oxymel of Squils, and Oxymel Simplex: then evacuate the Humours by Purge or Vomit, and then ſtrengthen the Stomach: uſe the Medicines preſcribed in the Chapter of Want of Appetite, comming of a cold Cauſe: if the Diſeaſe be violent, add theſe following: Take of Caſtor and Mirrh, of each, three Drachms: Sal Gem, half an Ounce: Diagridium and Maſtich, of each, one Drachm: Agarick newly trochiſcated three Drachms: Aloes, the weight of all the reſt: with the juice of Mints: make them up into a Maſs, and of one Drachm make ſix gilded Pills: Let your Patient take two or three in the Morning. Riverius.

If Wind in the Stomach be the Cauſe: Take of Dill-Seed, Sweet Fennell and Annis-Seed, of each one Ounce, Juniper Berries, half an Ounce: Cloves, a Drachm: Macerate them in good Wine, or Spirit of Wine, and diſtill it in Baineo. If ſharp and chollerick Humours be the cauſe of the Hiccough, you muſt give Oyl of Sweet Almonds, Priſan Broth, Sirrup of Apples and Quinces, & the Emulſion of the Cold Seeds: foment the Stomach with a Spung dipt in Roſe Water, or apply a cooling Oyntment to the Stomach. Sneezing hath been attended with admirable ſucceſſe; Vomiting with little leſſe, but have a care how you adminiſter Vomits to weak People; Drinking of Milk fom the Cow is much commended, and ſomtimes proves ſuccesful. Narcoticks ſomtimes effect the Cure by ſtupifying the too too Exquiſite ſenſe of the Stomach.

CHAP. XXXIX. Of Vomiting.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Nauſea, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Vomiting, differ onely in Degrees: the firſt, is a Deſire to vomit up, what ſoever troubles the Stomach, either in Quantity or Quality, but cannot, either by reaſon of the weakneſſe or the Stomach, ſtrength of the upper Orifice, or thickneſſe or ſlimineſſe of the Matter. But Vomiting is a depraved motion of the Stomach, which ſhaketh it, by which the expulſive Faculty is ſtirred up, by contracting the Fibres of the Lower part, and looſening the Superior, and with a violent motion caſteth forth the Matter contained therein, which was trouble ſome to it. The Cauſes of Vomiting are external or internal, and is divided into Natural or Artificial: the Natural is either without or in a Diſeaſe, and is thus divided, it is either Periodical, Critical, or Symptomatical. Periodical vomiting, is without a Diſeaſe, and is uſed by many twice in a year or oftener, to cleanſe the Stomach of cholerick or phlegmatick Humours, and to prevent Diſeaſe. Critical vomiting, is when Nature, in a diſeaſe, caſts forth her Enemy. Symptomatical vomiting, is when Nature is provoked and weakned, and is not eaſed by it, becauſe ſhe is not ſtrong enough utterly to expel it: the Matter vomited is either Excrements: as Phlegm, Choler, Melancholy, Water, Matter, Wormes, and the like: or Nouriſhment, as Meat, Chylus, or Blood. Artificial Vomiting, is from an external Cauſe: as Compreſſion of the lower Belly, Stroaks, Falls, violent Excorciſe, Riding, Sayling on the Sea, Poyſonous Aire, or Breath, ſtinking Smels, or beholding ſome Filthy thing. External Cauſes may provoke Nature, as Vomits taken; Some Nouriſhment is diſtaſtful to ſome Stomachs, and cauſeth vomiting: Hippoceates reporteth that one eating Muſhtooms died vomiting: Meats which are Fat & Oyly are praepoſterous to ſome Stomachs: Omitting Gluttony, which is many times the Cauſe. The whole Body in a Plethory, evil Habit, Feavers, and other Diſeaſes of the Body, may be the Cauſe: Inflammations or Obſtructions of other Parts, as the Liver, Spleen, Meſentery, or Bowels, the Terms or Hemorrhoids ſtopped, a Catarrh, or the like may cauſe Vomiting. If Vomiting be cauſed by Humours offending the Stomach, or by an Organical diſeaſe therein, you may find the ſignes thereof in the praeceding Chapters of diſeaſes of the Stomach. If it come by Sympathy from other Parts, their proper ſignes will informe. Make the Prognoſtick thus: Choler and Phlegme exquiſitely mingled and vomited up, is good. If the Sick vomit Critically, and caſt forth Choler in a cholerick Diſtemper, and Phlegm in a phlegmatick, it is hopeful. Violent vomiting, and little brought up, in a Feaver is evil: for it ſhews abundance of Matter, or that Nature is weak. Vomiting, after a Flux of the Belly, is good, for there is a revulſion of the Matter, and Nature is refreſhed. Vomiting of divers Colours is dangerous, becauſe Nature hath to do with divers Enemies. Green, blew, black, and ſtinking Matter vomited, is deadly. In Feavers acute, if the Patient vomit without mixture of Humours, it is an evil ſigne, becauſe that a pure Humour is not capable of Concoction. For the Cure: If the Diſeaſe come by conſent from other parts, remove the Cauſe by working their Cures. If phlegmatick, cholerick, or melancholy Humours provoke the Stomach, caſt them forth by vomiting: prepare and cut them if they be tough and clammy. Give gentle Vomits, as warm Oyl: or white Vitriol prepared: or Salt of Vitriol made red by Calcination, for they cleanſe and diſſolve the glutinous Matter. If your Patient be weak and indiſpoſed to Vomits, give often Cliſters or purge the Body with this or the like Pills. Take de Aloe lota, three Drachms; yellow Myrabolans, and Rubarb in Powder, of each, half a Drachm: red Sanders, and prepared Coral, of each, one Scruple: with the Sirrup of Roſes ſolutive, make them into a Maſs: give a Drachm every other or third day: and if the Sick be weak, give but half ſo much. If the Vomiting be violent, give two Scruples and an half of Cochie the leſſe, with three grains of Laudanum in the morning. Then you muſt ſtrengthen the Stomach, with the ſirrup or conſerve of Quinces, conſerve of Roſes, Maſtick in a ſmall quantity, ſirrup of Mints, Plantane water made ſowr with Oyl of Vitriol, &c. All theſe ſtrengthen the Stomach and ſtay Vomiting, of which you may make Medicines in divers forms. Foment the Stomach with a ſponge dipt in Plantane water, Roſe water, and Roſe Vinegar. But Firſt, boil in the water a handful of Mints. Or apply this following Cataplaſm: Take of Marmalade of Quinces, or Quinces boiled ſoft in Roſe water, or Vinegar, four Ounces: the roots of B ſtort and Tormentill, of each two Drachms: Maſtick, Moce, and Nutmegs, of each two Scruples: Sowr Leaven halfe a pound: with the juice of Mints and Vinegar make a Cataplaſm and apply it. If your Patient vomit Blood: the Cauſes and S gnes you may find in the 19 and 30 Chap. and the Medicines preſcribed in the 30 Chap. Of Spitting of Blood: ordered by an able Head-peece, may perform the Cure.

CHAP. XL. Of Cholera.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Greek, and Cholerica Paſſio in Latine, is a Diſeaſe, violently ſending forth by Vomit & Stool, ſharp and cholerick Humours: this Diſeaſe is a ſymptom of the expulſive Faculty being hurt, by Meats not well concocted, and if the retentive Faculty be alſo in fault, the Diſeaſe is the worſe and more violent. Some will have two ſorts of Choller, a moiſt and a dry; A moiſt is that which hath relation to what hath been ſaid. The dry is more rare, and cometh from a windy ſpirit, produced in the Stomach, by the fiery Heat of the Part corrupting the Meat: or by Meats which are Rank and Windy, and this is the opinion of Hippocrates himſelf. Sennertus (from the Hermetical doctrine) addeth another Cauſe, viz. Salt and aduſt Humours in the Hypochonaria, which grow hot by the mixture of another Humour, and demonſtrateth it, by the mixing of Aqua fortis, and Oyl of Vitriol, with Salt of Tartar, which produce very flatuous Spirits. So that the immediate Cauſes of this Diſeaſe are cholerick, burnt, ſharp, ſalt, or rotten Humours in the Stomach, Bowels, Spleen, Meſentery; or ſome Nouriſhment of an evil Quality, or ſome ſtrong Medicine, or Poyſon taken. The ſignes of this Diſeaſe are often and plentiful Evacuations of cholerick, ſharp, and corrupted Humours, by Vomit and Stool: ſwelling with Wind, Thirſt, and a Gnawing of the Stomach and Guts: a Loathing, which is appeaſed a little with cold Drink which is ſoon after caſt up. The Pulſe is ſmall and unequal: Sweating, with Convulſion of extream Parts, & Swooning, and ſuch dangerous Symptoms. It is eaſily diſcovered whether the Cauſe come by ſome violent Medicine, Poyſon, or offenſive Diet. The internal Cauſes are known by the Quality of the Humours, that are ejected. If there be a continual Loathing and Gnawing, the Diſeaſe is in the Stomach. If a malignant Feaver be joyned, it is in the Veins. If it hath its original from ſome evil Food, there is hopes, that when the Matter is caſt forth the Diſeaſe will end. If it be very violent, it is dangerous, I had almoſt ſaid deſperate: for the greater the Convulſions, Swoonings, and Coldneſſe of the extream Parts be, the nearer is Death at hand.

In the beginning of the Cure, you may help forward Evacuations, with gentle, cooling, and cleanſing Cliſters, thus: Take, of Milk, half a pint; Sirrup of Violets, and Lettice, of each one ounce: The Oyles of Roſes and water Lillyes, of each halfe an ounce; The yelks of two new laid Eggs well beaten, mix them and give it. Or you make a Cliſter with Chicken Broth or Oxycrate. It is good to open a Vein, by which means, the burnt and boiling Blood may be cooled, revelled, and aſſwaged: but do it with diſcretion, twice or thrice if the ſtrength be not impaired by the firſt. You muſt endeavour to qualify the ſharpneſs of the Humours, thus: Take, of the waters of Plantane, Purſlan, and Mint, of each, two Ounces: Sirrup of Quinces and dried Roſes, of each, one Ounce; Sirrup of Vinegar, half an Ounce; mix them, and diſſolve therein two Scruples of Theriack Andromachi, and ſix drops of the Oyl of Vitriol: give now and then a Spoonful. But, if the Patient hath ſomeeaſe, and the Symptomes abate, or appear not, beware leſt they ſuddenly return and deſtroy the Patient, as it ſometimes happeneth in this caſe. Therefore nouriſh him and ſtrengthen his Stomach with this reſtoring Opiate: Take of the Gelly of Harts-horn made with Canary Wine, four Ounces: of the Conſerves of Roſes, Burrage, Bugloſs, and Clove-Gilliflowers, of each one Ounce: Confectio Alchermes, half an Ounce: Citron Barks, and Nutmegs candied, of each three Drachms: the Eſſence of Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, and Cinnamon, of each three drops, with the Sirrup of Clove-Gilliflowers make an Opiate; of which let the Patient take often the Quantity of a hazel Nut, and more, Mornings and Evenings. To conclude, the Medicines preſcribed in the laſt Chapter, againſt cholerick Vomitings, may be uſeful here.

CHAP. XLI. Of Pain in the Stomach.

Dolor Ventriculi or Pain in the Stomach, is cauſed by naughty, venemous, and gnawing Humours contained therein: the Ancients made this diſtinction, viz. that if the upper Orifice of the Stomach, which is of exquiſite ſenſe, by reaſon of the great Nerve, which it hath from the fifth Conjugation, be affected; the Pain is very ſharp, which maketh the Heart, (the moſt Noble part, and near unto it) ſenſible of the ſame, from thence it is called Cardialgia. But if the Membranes of the Cavity, or lower Orifice (called Pyloras) be affected, it is called Dolor Ventriculi: or Colica Ventriculi, eſpecially if it comes of Wind. The Cauſe of this Diſeaſe, is either Worms gnawing the Tunicles of the Stomach: or Wind lodged in the Cavity of the Stomach, which cauſeth Swelling and painful Diſtenſion: or ſharp and malignant Humours therein contained, as ſalt Phlegm, green and black Choller, whoſe ſharp Vapours cauſe Pain: corrupt Matter from an Impoſthume of the Liver or the Breaſt; Diſeaſes of the Stomach and the Parts adjoyning; evil Humours from the whole Body in Feavers; Choller from the Liver; Melancholy from the Spleen; and ſalt Phlegm from the Head; all theſe may be the Cauſes of this Evill. The external Cauſes may be evil and corrupt Nouriſhment; or Meats that are too hot; that breed Wind or Choller: Meat taken in too great a Quantity: Poyſon: ſtrong, ſharp, and deadly Medicines, not well corrected. Diagnoſtick Signes are thus taken: when the Pain is under the Enſiformis, it ſhews that the upper Orifice of the Stomach is affected: a very ſharp Pain, that the Patient cannot reſt, and ſometimes fainteth: the Vapours ſometimes offend the Brain, and cauſe inveterate Head-Ach, the Megrim, Vertigo, and Epilepſy. In the other parts of the Stomach, there are not ſo violent Symptomes, but great Paines like the Chollick. Thus you may know the Cauſes. The Humours offending, may be known by the Excrements avoided at the Belly or Mouth: alſo Choller, Phlegm, Wind, or Worms may be knowne by their proper Signes. The Diſeaſes of the Stomach or parts adjoyning, cauſing this Diſeaſe, may be known by their proper Signes.

Prog: This Diſeaſe is more dangerous then any other Diſeaſe of the Stomach: The danger is greater if a Feaver accompany it: if the extream Parts be cold, Death is at hand: thus ſaith Hippocrates. It is leaſt dangerous if it proceed from Worms; yet ſometimes dangerous Symptoms appear, and the Patient dyes: ſometimes, if the cauſe of Wind cannot be removed, a dry Dropſy followeth. If it come from other Parts, there begin your Cure; if it be in the Stomach properly, conſider the peccant Humour. If Wind be the Cauſe, firſt, adminiſter a Cliſter: Take of Camomil, Penny-royall, Miats, and Pellitory of the Wall, of each, one handful: the Seeds of Anniſe, Fennel, Cummin, and Dill, of each, two Drachms: make a Decoction in white Wine Poſſet Drink: add Benedicta Laxativa, half an Ounce: the Oyls of Dill, Rue, and Chamomil, of each half an Ounce: the Chymical Oyl of Juniper Berries, ten Drops, make a Cliſter, and give it or the like, as often as need requireth. Make a Fomentation, with the Herbs and Seeds aforeſaid, or with others of the like Nature: then anoint the Stomach with the Oyls of Sage and Cloves Chymical, Oyl of Dill, Camomil, Rue, and the like. Then adminiſter this or the like Julep, which hath power to aſſwage Pain, diſcuſſe Wind, and ſtrengthen the Stomach: Take of Wormwood, Pennyvoyall, Century the leſſe, and Agrimony, of each, one handful: the Flowers of Camomill, and Juniper Berryes, of each, one Ounce: the Seeds of ſweet Fennel, and Aniſe, of each, two Drachms: Boil them in a Quart of white wine to the conſumption of half, ſweeten it with the compound Sirrups of Wormwood and Betony, of each, two Ounces. Let the Patient take a ſpoonful of this often, and ſix ſpoonfuls Night and Morning: this have I often proved with good ſucceſſe, let the Cauſe be what it will. If the Diſeaſe be yet too ſtubborn to yeeld to ordinary Medicines, make a Bath of mollifying Herbs, and let the Patient ſit in it, giving inward diſcuſſing Medicines. In vehement Pain, ſome do give a Purge, and mix Narcoticks with it, to allay the Pain, and this following is much commended by Foreſtus: Take of Diaphenicon, half an Ounce: Philonium Romanum, two Scruples: with Camomil water, (in want thereof, the Decoction) make a Potion. If Choller cauſe pain, purge it, adminiſter Juleps cooling and thickning. Foment the Stomach, and apply a Cataplaſm made of mollifying, cooling, and diſcuſſing Herbs and Seeds.

CHAP. XLII. Of the Inflammation, Ulcer, and Impoſthume of the Stomach.

The Inflammation of the Stomach is a Tumor comming of Blood, ſent into the Stomach and its Membranes, from the Vena Porta, by the ſmall Veins; which Blood is either pure, and maketh a proper Phlegm; or mixed with Choller, and maketh an Eriſipelatous, or with Phlegm, making an Oedmatous, or with Melancholy, making a Schirrous Tumor. In a word, all things that may inflame the Blood, may be the Cauſe of this Tumor. Diagnoſtick Signes are, great Pain, burning, pricking, diſtending, beating, even to the Back: you may ſee or feel the Tumor; belching, and ſometimes vomiting of Blood, and the Breath is ferched difficultly, and a burning Feaver. If it be onely of Blood, it is ſomwhat gentler: but if it be with Choller, there are grievcus Symptoms. But be carefull to diſtinguiſh this Inflammation, from that of the upper ſide of the Liver: ſee the Chap. of the Inflammation of the Liver. This Diſeaſe for the moſt part is deadly. If the Inflammation be in the upper part of the Stomach, or over the whole, or much loathing of the Stomach, or rumbling in the Belly, all theſe are deadly Symptoms. If the Inflammation kill not, and the Feaver and Pain ceaſeth, and the Tumor remain, then it turns to an Impoſthume; which being broken, there remaineth an Ulcer, which is known by voiding of Matter by Vomit and Stool. But an Ulcer may be bred in the Stomach from other Cauſes, as ſharp, ſalt, cholerick Humours bred in the Stomach, or ſent thither from other parts: the breach of a Vein, which could not grow together again: a Wound not well cured: Poyſon, or corroding Medicines taken. The Signes of an Ulcer bred in the Stomach, are the ſame with the former; to which I add theſe: a conſtant lingring Feaver, ſtinking Belching, no Appetite, a pricking Pain and Burning, when any thing is taken, which is hot, cold, ſharp, ſalt, or ſowr. This Diſeaſe for the moſt part is deadly, becauſe Cleanſers encreaſe Pain, and Dryers cannot execute their Office, but are hindred by Meat, Drink, and Chylus. The Cure of theſo Diſeaſes, muſt be diverſly conſidered. Purging is altogether prohibited, leſt more Humours be gathered to the Stomach, but give an emollient and cooling Clyſter every day, ſuch an one as is preſcribed in the laſt Chap: you muſt let Blood in both Arms, as much as ſtrength will bear; bleed the Haemorrhoids if you ſee Occaſion; cup and ſcarify the Shoulders, Back, and Buttocks: rub and bind the extream Parts, and heat them with the Oyl of Spike, or Flowerdeluce and the like. You muſt give Medicines which are altering, and ſtrengthning, and with them mix ſuch, which have power to diſſolve. This Julep is good. Take of Barley water well clarified, two Ounces: Fennel and Purſlane water of each one Ounce: the Sirrups of Water Lillies and Violets, of each, one Ounce: the Sirrup of Poppy, half an Ounce: Diamarganiton frigidum, a Drachm: mix them, and make a Julep for three Doſes, give it Morning, Noon, or Night. Foment the Stomach with he Decoction of cooling and molliſying He •… , Roots, and Flowers, and afterwards anoint it with Oyl of Roſes, Violets, and the like. Some commend Turpentine waſhed in Wormwood water, given in Pills three or four times, which will quickly diſſolve or maturate the Impoſthume.

If you find that the Impoſthume tend to Suppuration apply this Cataplaſm: Take of the Roots of common and March Mallows, of each, one Ounce: Camomill, two handfuls: red Roſe leaves a handfull: boil them well together, and then beat them in a ſtone Morter: then add of the Meal of Barley, Flax ſeed, and Fenugreek, of each one Ounce: with Hen's Greaſe, and Oyl of Roſes and Camomill, alike QUantity, ſufficient to make a Cataplaſm, which muſt be applyed and often removed. When the Impoſthume is broken, cleanſe the Ulcer with new Milk and Sugar, or Hydromell: or Take of Barley water 3. Ounces, Sugar of Roſes, and the Oyl of ſweet Almonds, of each, one Ounce: make a Julep and give it. The drinking of Mineral Waters is good. Before you endeavour to heal it, you muſt endeavour to cleanſe the Stomach as well as the Ulcer. Take of Caſſia, one Ounce; Powder of Rubarb, one Scruple: diſſolve it in Whey, and drink it: you may with this or the like Purgers (which attract not the Humours to the part) cleanſe the Stomach as often as Neceſſity requireth. Then fement the Stomach with the Decoction, of Comphry roots, Quinces, Wormwood, Roſes, Pomegranate flowers and peels, Myrtles, Galls, Frankincenſe, Maſtick, and the like; then apply aſtringent Unguents, and Emplaiſters to the Stomach; and inwardly give Medicines of the ſame Nature: Take of the Conſerve of Roſes and Comphrey roots, and of Marmalad of Quinces, of each, one Ounce: Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, Terra Sigillata, of each, one Drachm: Gum Arabick, Red Corall, and Blood ſtone, of each, half a Drachm: Hypociſtis, Sarcocol, and Frankincenſe, of each, one Scruple: with Sirrup of Comphrey, make an Opiate, a little of which, let the Patient take often. if his Stomach loath the often uſe of one Medicine: let Troches be made of the Powders and the Muſilage of gum Traganth: or into any other form: How to make Troches, ſee the fourth Book. Give him for his Food, in the mean time, Chicken Broth, and boil therein aſtringent Herbs; freſh Barley and China Root.

CHAP. XLIII. Of the Chollick.

The attractive and digeſtive Facultyes, are not only hurt, but the expulſive Faculty, which chiefly reſpects the Inteſtines, may alſo be defective, and cauſe many diſtempers in the Body, the firſt of which is the Chollick. This Diſeaſe took its Name from the Part affected, which is the Gut, called by the Greek Colon, and the Diſeaſe 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , which is cauſed by excrementitious Matter, retained too long, and, by diſtending, pricking, or corroding, cauſeth grievous pain. Sometimes it is cauſed through Crudities, bred by a cold Diſtemper of the Stomach and Inteſtines, which cauſeth Wind to afflict the Guts (being obſtructed) eſpecially the Gut Coion: ſometimes cold, groſſe, and phlegmatick Humours, ſticking to the Tunicles or Coats of the Guts, cauſe conſtriction, and divulſion, and a gnawing pain: alſo ſalt, and ſharp, cholerick, and melancholy, ſowr Humours, by pricking and twitching the Cuts, cauſe Pain. Here note, that if Wind or Humours remain onely in the Cavity of the Guts, they might be eaſily excluded, by evacuating, cleanſing, and curminative Medicines; but being (for the moſt part) fixed to the Coats of the Guts, they are not expelled without difficulty. There are other leſſe uſual Cauſes of the Chollick, viz. Tumors in the adjoyning parts, cauſing compreſſion of the Guts: Tumors and Inflammations in the Inteſtines cauſing Narrowneſſe: Knots of Worms, or Stones bred in the Guts which ſtop them: ſometimes a poyſonous and malignant Matter engendreth a peſtilent Chollick or Plague in the Guts. The External cauſes are, either a cold Aire, which doth conſtringe the Belly; or an Air too hot, indurating the Excrements: Raw Fruit, Meats groſſe and of hard Digeſtion; in a Word, every thing which diſturbeth the concoction of the Stomach, may here be taken for an External cauſe. Diagnoſtick Signes are, a very ſharp pain ſometimes moveable, ſometimes in the Region of the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reins: ſometimes above, and ſometimes beneath the Nayel; oftentimes in the left ſide; ſo that by compariſon of other Signes you muſt diſtinguiſh between this and the Spleen and Stone. The Pain is like the Boaring of an Auger, he vomiteth chole rick and phlegmatick Matter, if the Stomach conſenteth. The pain is greater after Meat: the Belly (for the moſt part) is bound, that the Patient cannot ſo much as break Wind: when he voideth Excrements, they are windy, like Cow dung with Water on the Top. The cauſes are alſo diſtinguiſhed by their Signes: If Phlegm be the cauſe, the pain is not ſo violent, the Sick hath uſed a phlegmatick Diet; but if Wind be joyned with it, the part ſeemeth as if it were boared through with a Wimble; the Urine is crude and white, yet ſometimes the violent Pain enflameth the Spirits, and the Urine appeareth yellow or red: He is better for hot, and the worſe for cold things. If cholerick Humours cauſe the Chollick, there is a violent, pulling, and pricking Pain; the Urine is cholerick; a Diet breeding Choller went before, he is the worſe for hot Medicines; there is great Heat, Thirſt. and ſometimes a Feaver. If the Chollick proceed from Wind, there is a ſtretching Pain and the Belly ſwelleth, and the Wind rumbleth therein, he findeth eaſe when he breaketh it: If the Wind be in the Cavity, the Pain is moveable, and encreaſeth and decreaſeth; If in the Coats of the Guts, the Pain is fixed in reſpect of place, and conſtant. Prognoſtick ſignes are, It the Chollick be gentle, moveable, and the Belly ſoluble, it is eaſily cured: on the contrary, if the Pain be great and fixed, the Belly bound, the Patient wanteth Sleep, vomiteth, and is troubled; with cold Sweats, Hiccoughs, Doting, and Coldneſſe of the extream parts, it is alwayes dangerous, and (for the moſt part) deadly. An Epidemical and peſtilent Chollick is very d •… ous. If it come of ſharp chollerick Humours, •… generateth ſometimes into other worſe Diſeaſes; as the Palſy, Falling-Sickneſſe, and the Gout.

You muſt vary the Cure, according to the diverſity of Cauſes; if Phlegm and Wind be the cauſe, you muſt adminiſter an emollient, diſcuſſing, and carminative Cliſter, (See Chap. 41 Of Pain in the Stomath) three or four times in a day. Or make a Decoction of emollient and carminative Herbs, and boil therein three Drachms of Colloquintida. If two or three Cliſters provoke not to Stool, make uſe of this Suppoſitory: Take of Hony ſodden, half an Ounce: Hiera piera, one Drachm: Diacolo-Cynthidos, one Scruple: Salt Gemm, half a Scruple, mix them and make a Suppoſitory. It is not amiſſe, if after all this you purge the noxious Humours, mixing with your purge Narcoticks: See Forreſtus his Medicine preſcribed in the aforenamed Chap. Or give an Ounce and an half of Manna; of Oyl of Sweet Almonds newly drawn, two Ounces; give it in Broth. Then you muſt foment, bathe, or anoint the Belly, (See the aforeſaid 41 Chap.) The Bowels of a Wolf pulverized, and the white Dung of the ſame, is much commended, if the Patient take a Drachm in white Wine. The Electuary of Bay berries taken, as much as a Nutmeg often, eaſeth Pain. This Medicine I have uſed with good Succeſſe: Take of Pellitory of the Wall, Mints, Parſlypearch, of each, one handfull: the Roots of Fennel, Parſley, Marſhmallows, and Butchers Broom, of each half a handfull: Juniper Berries, one Ounce: the Seeds of Aunis, ſweet Fennel, and Cummis, of each, half an Ounce: Bay berries, three Drachms: bruize, ſlice, and powder them; Infuſe them in white wine twenty four houres, and distill it in Balneo: after ſufficient Evacuations, give one Ounce. Galen much commendeth the Application of a Cupping-glaſſe to the Navil; afterwards apply a Plaiſter of Tacamahacha. Alſo the Decoction of Guajacum given for many dayes, is good, and afterwards purge Phlegm, if there be occaſion. The cholerick Chollick is cured alſo by giving of emollient Cliſters, and ſuch as temper the Acrimony of the Humours: as the Decoction of Camomil, Violet leaves, Endive: the Seeds of Faenugreek, Linſeed, Hens-greaſe, Gooſe-greaſe, Oyl of Roſes, Ceſſia, and the like. Foment the Belly with an emollient and cooling Decoction, and aroint it with a Cataplaſm, made with the Meal of Linſeed, Faenugreek, and Barley, boiled in Oyl of Camomil, and Roſes. Cool the Liver outwardly by Epithems, and inwardly by Juleps, made of Poppy, Lettice, Succory, Endive, Sorrel, Violets, and the like: forget not to add a little ſpirit of Vitriol to your Juleps. If the pain be violent uſe Narcoticks: afterwards purge the Humour with ſuch Medicines which purge gently or ſtrongly, according to the ſtrength of your Patient, and the Degree of his Diſtemper.

CHAP. LXIIII. Of the Iliack Paſſion.

This Diſeaſe is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , in Latine Iliaca Paſſio, in Englſh the Iliack Paſſion, from the Gut Ilion, which is chiefly affected in this Diſeaſe. But becauſe the other Guts are capable of the ſame, it is rather derived from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , which ſignifieth to be rowled or girt about, and therefore the Latines call it Volvulus or Convolvulus. It is a praepoſterous motion of the Inteſtines, the Guts are obſtructed, nothing paſſeth downward, ſometimes the Excrements are brought up into the Stomach, and iſſue out at the Mouth. The Inteſtines have a natural Motion downwards, which is compared to the Motion of Earth-Worms, which move the parts of their Bodyes ſucceſfully; by which they carry the Faeces and Excrements downwards. The expulſive Faculty of the Guts is ſometimes too vehemently ſtirred up, the Paſſage being obſtructed, that by a violent motion, the Excrementitious Matter is caſt upwards: ſo that not onely the Chylus and Excrements, but alſo Cliſters and Suppoſitoryes are violently ſnatched up and vomited. Any thing which cauſeth the obſtruction of the Guts, as hard Dung long retained, groſſe Vapours, Inflammations, Tumours, or the like, may be the Cauſe of this Diſeaſe. Sometimes an Ulcer in the Guts may be the Cauſe, when the Excrements touch the part ulcerated, it pricketh it, ſo that the Faculty is provoked, not to let ſo noxious a thing paſſe, but driveth it upwards, the other Guts by Sympathy aſſiſting, forceth it into the Stomach, which alſo by a Periſtatick inverted Motion, caſteth it out by Vomit. The Diagnoſticks of this Diſeaſe, are, partly common to thoſe of the Chollick, and partly proper or peculiar to it ſelf. Common Signes are, the Belly bound, and puffed up, Pain in the Abdomen, loathing, vomiting, difficulty of Breathing and Piſſing, want of Reſt. The peculiar Signes are, a violent Pain, great Diſtenſion, a hard Tumor in the Hypogaſtrium, nothing voided downwards, an irregular vomiting of Choller, Phlegm and Chylus, at laſt the Excrements are vomited up. The Signes of the cauſes are thus gathered, If Inflammation of the parts cauſe the Diſeaſe, it quickly cometh to the height, an intenſe Feaver, with vomiting, as aforeſaid. If hard Dung in the Bowels be the Cauſe, there went before Conſtriction of the Belly, it is of longer Continuance, the Pain not ſo violent at firſt, nor the Feaver ſo great, if any. If Wind or Phlegm be the Cauſe, (for the moſt part) the Chollick preceded, and the Signes thereof are laid down in the preceding Chapter. This Diſeaſe is dangerous more or leſſe, according to the Cauſes and Symptoms; that which is accompanied with the Strangury, or that irregular vomiting before mentioned, (for the moſt part) is deadly. If there be a remiſſion of Symptoms, and things, taken at the mouth, find paſſage downwards, there is hopes of recovery.

What belongs to the cure of this Diſeaſe, muſt thus be conſidered, viz. If hard Dung obſtruct the paſſage, you muſt often inject emollient and laxative Cliſters, in the mean time, give Medicines inwardly of the ſame Nature, mixing with them ſuch as ſtrengthen the Stomach and Vital parts: having read thus fair you cannot be ignorant how to prepare them: by this means I cured one in this Condition, who went not to Stool in ſixteen or eighteen dayes. You may likewiſe apply Fomentations, Liniments, and Cataplaſms of an emollient Nature to the Belly. If you find the Body flatuous and in much pain, adminiſter the Medicines preſcribed againſt the Chollick. If the Guts be inflamed, you muſt open a Vein, and draw as much Blood, as the ſtrength of the Sick will bear. Adminiſter cooling and emollient Cliſters, and other Medicines, preſcribed, in the 42 Chapter, for the inflammation of the Stomach. If he vomit not, give him warm Water and Oyl of Violets, for it is a good Revulſion. Let his drink be Barly Water, and ſometimes give, in a draught thereof, two ounces of Oyl of ſweet Almonds, and, if the Pain be violent, uſe Narcoticks. Let him abſtain from Food, for it turns to no good Nouriſhment: let him now and then take a ſpoonful of Broth, and drink ſuch things as are before mentioned. If the Bowels fall into the Cods, and cauſe this Diſeaſe, you muſt foment the part with emollient Oyls, and relaxing Decoctions, giving emollient and carminative Cliſters, then let the Patient ly with his Heels higher then his head, and gently thruſt them back, and keep them up with a Truſſe. If there be a Circumvolution of Hoiſting of the Guts, Hippocrates preſcribeth this as the laſt Remedy, namely, to apply a payr of Bellows to the Fundament, and blow into the Belly, and afterwards to give an emollient Cliſter; this hath been proved by many able Phyſitians, and highly commended. Others have commended the taking of Quickſilver in a great Quantity, which hath cured when all other means have failed.

CHAP. XLV. Of the Flux, Lientery, and Coelick Paſſion.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Lientery is a Flux of the Belly, in which the Meat is quickly ſent through the Body undigeſted. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , or the Coeliack Paſſion is, when the Meat comes forth crude and impertectly digeſted: theſe two differ onely in degrees, and their Cures are the ſame. This Diſeaſe is not to be referred to concoction-hurt onely, but to the Debility of the retentive Faculty, for the Meat is not long enough receined to be concocted; hence it appeareth, that the Diſeaſe cometh from a fault of the Stomach as well as the Guts. The Cauſes of this Diſeaſe are referred to three Heads; Firſt, a cold Diſtemper of the Stomach and Liver, which generateth flegmatick and glutinous Humours, which cover the wrinkles of the Stomach, that it cannot retain the Food. Though Retention be made by the aſtringing Quality, yet it operates by fit Inſtruments, viz. the Roughneſſe of the inward Coat of the Stomach, which Roughneſſe being taken away, and the wrinklesfilled up by the Humours aforeſaid, the Retention is hurt, and the Meat ſlippeth away without Concoction. Secondly, ſharp Humours prick and twitch the parts, by which the Stomach and Guts are provoked to ſend forth the Meat too ſoon. Laſtly, in malignant Feavers, and other dangerous Diſeaſes, the retentive Faculty is weakned, and Nature being conquered degenerateth into a Lientery. There is another Cauſe, peculiar to the Coeliack Paſſion, Namely, the Obſtruction of the Meſeraick Veins, which hinder the paſſage of the Chilus to the Liver, and therefore muſt of neceſſity be caſt forth by the Belly. I need not lay down the Signes of this Diſeaſe, being obvious to the Eye. The Cauſes may be thus diſcovered. If it come from a cold Diſtemper, there are ſowr Belchings, the Excrements are phlegmatick: If the Humours flow from the Head, the Excrements are frothy, and the Flux greater after Sleep, the Signes of a Catarrh appear. If it come from Provocation, there is a Heat in the Hypocondria, ſharp and cholerick Excrements, great Thuſt, and a Gnawing in the Stomach. Theſe Diſeaſes if they laſt long are very dangerous, becauſe Nature is deprived of her Nouriſhment, and the Body ſoon falleth into a Dropſy or Atrophy. If it follow other Diſeaſes, it is for the moſt part deadly. If the Diſeaſe hath its originall from phlegmatick Humours, covering the wrinkles of the Stomach, you muſt uſe thoſe remedyes, propounded for the cure of Want of Appetite comming from a cold Cauſe, with which, make uſe of thoſe things which are aſtringent to ſtay the Flux. Cliſters are of no great force, except the Flux be violent, in ſuch Caſes they muſt be aſtringent, ſuch as ſhall be preſcribed in the 47 Chapter, of the Flux Dyſentery. You muſt purge the peccant Humours, and then ſtrengthen the Stomach, with the Medicines preſcribed in the Cure of Want of Appetite; for which purpoſe Amatus Luſitanus highly commendeth this following Opiate: Take of Conſerve of Roſes, ſix Ounces: of the beſt Treacle ſix Drachms: Sirrup of Quinces, ſufficient to make an Opiate: give half an Ounce in the Morning, and faſt one hour. If this Flux come from Provocation by cholerick Humours, do as you are taught in the Chapter of cholerick Vomiting, or you may uſe thoſe things preſcribed in the following Chapter of the Flux Diarrhaea. For that which comes from the Imbecillity of the retentive Faculty, now and then give Cliſters made of Poſſet drink, in which red Roſes have been boiled, and diſſolve Sugar therein, and the yelks of Eggs. Give inwardly ſtrengthning and aſtringent things, which are preſcribed in the following Chapter, and againſt cholerick vomiting. Anoint the Stomach and Belly with this following Oyntment: Take of the Oyls of Maſtick, Wormwood, Mints, and Myrtles, of each, two Drachms: the Powders of Cinnamon, Cloves, and Galingale, of each, one Scruple: the flowers of Pomgranates, and red Roſes, of each, half a Scruple; Wax, ſufficient to make an Oyntment. If this Diſeaſe depend upon the Obſtruction of the Meſeraick Veins, uſe the Remedies preſcribed for opening Obſtructions of the Liver.

CHAP. XLVI. Of the Flux Diarrhaea.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Diarrhoea is a Flux of the Belly, or a great and copious ſending forth excrementitious Humours; not of Food or Chylus, as in the Lientery or Caeliack Paſſion: nor of Blood, with Inflammation or Ulceration of the Inteſtines, as in the Dyſentery, which remaineth next to be ſpoken of. The Humours voided are, either Cholerick, Phlegmatick, Melancholy, or Serous. The Place from whence it comesis, either from the whole Body, or from the Brain, Stomach, Inteſtines, Liver, Spleen, Meſentery, Womb, and the like. The Cauſe is, either Critical or Symptomatical; Internal or External. The Diſeaſe it ſelf is eaſily known, from what hath already been ſaid; the difference of the Matter and Humours ſent forth are manifeſt to the Senſes. It is ſomwhat difficult to know from what part of the Body the Humours are ſent: If it come from the whole Body, there hath been ſome Diſeaſe, which hath afflicted the whole Body, as Cachexia, Leucophlegmatia, a continuall Feaver, or exceſſive Eating or Drinking. If it comes from the Head, the Excrements are froathy, and are voided more violent by Night then by Day, and there is ſome manifeſt Diſeaſe in the Head, as a Catarrh, Deafneſſe, Lethargy, &c. If the fault be in the Stomach, the Patient filled himſelf with Food apt to corrupt, or there be Signes of Concoction hurt; viz. If the Humours be ſharp, cholerick, and ſtinking, the Concoction is hurt by a hot Diſtemper of the Stomach; and the expulſive Faculty laboureth to throw it out: If they be crude and phlegmatick, Concoction is hurt by a cold Diſtemper. If Worms in the Guts be the cauſe, their Signes ſeek 〈…〉 Chapter of the Worms. If the Humours come from the Liver, they are cholerick, and there appeareth ſome Diſtemper of the Liver. If from the Spleen, the Excrements are blackiſh, and diſtempers of the Spleen and Hypocondria appear. If from the Meſentery, there is extention; but Humours there, have their original from the Liver or Spleen. If from the Womb, there are the Symptoms of the Womb affected.

To the Prognoſtick: I ſay, the Flux of the Belly, which is Critical, that is eaſily endured, and is a benefit to the Patient, by which, Humours, which are burthenſome to Nature, are diſcharged, is good. On the contrary, if it be ſymptomatical, painful, & weakning to Nature, it is evil. If the Excrements are thin, voided often, with Pain, without Feeling when they are voided, or in an acute Diſeaſe, all theſe are evil Signes. If the Excrements voided be yellow as yelks of Eggs, green, black blew, or of divers colours, it is evil. If this Flux afflict a Woman with Child, ſhe is in great danger of Miſcariage. If the Excrements begin to grow thicker, there is hopes of Recovery. If a Flux happeneth in the Dropſy, wherein the whole Body is affected, it cauſeth a Recovery: underſtand this where the Patient is young, ſtrong, and the Diſeaſe but begun; for if Nature be weakned by the long continuance of the Diſeaſe, and the Flux happen, the Diſeaſe and Life (hand in hand) go together.

For the Cure, If the Body abound with Blood, open a Vein; if not, if the Patient hath a Feaver, it is good to let Blood. Then purge the Humour offending, with ſuch Purgers, that leave an Aſtringent behind them: If the Body be ſtrong, vointing is good, for it revelleth and evacuateth the Matter of the Diſeaſe. Before and after purging, give cleanſing Cliſters; after the Body is ſufficiently emptied, give aſtringent; all which the next Chapter will furniſh you with. Inwardly you may give aſtringent und ſtrengthning Medicines, preſcribed in the next Chapter; If your Patient be free from a Feaver, boil new milk and ſcum off the Foam, and quench red hot Steel often in it, and let him drink thereof warm, which is a preſent Remedy. Unripe Mulberryes, and Blackberryes dryed and heaten to powder, is good to ſtay this Flux. This Opiate is excellent: Take of the juyce of Quinces, Conſerve of Roſes, of each, one Ounce: Sanguis Draconis, Terra Sigillata, and fine Bole, of each, one Drachm: Bloodſtone, and the Troches of Amber, of each, half a Drachm; with Sirrup of Comphrey, make an Opiate, and let the Patient take a little often. Take of the Powder of Rubarb, one Ounce; the Troches of Sanders, two Drachms, mix it, and give the Patient two Drachms twice a day; it evacuateth the Matter and ſtrengthneth the Bowels. Both the Sirrup, Magiſtery, and Tincture of Coral availeth much; and the Decoction of Juniper Berryes in red Wine is no leſſe effectual. If it continue long, and your Patient's ſtrength much decay, give Laudanum among your other Medicines. The Fume of Fleabane and Mullein taken through a hollow Chair is excellent. The Conſerve of Hips is good againſt a cholerick Flux, you may mix with it ſuch things, which are aſtringent: I ſhall ſay no more of the Cure of this Diſeaſe, but refer you to the next Chapter. Onely this, if the Diſeaſe come by conſent of other parts, ſeek the Cure in their proper Chapters.

CHAP. XLVII. Of the Dyſentery, or Bloody Flux.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is a bloody Looſeneſſe of the Belly, depending upon the Ulceration of the Inteſtines: but it is commonly taken for every Bloody Flux: the Latines call it Tormina, becauſe of the Torture the Patient endureth. Galen mentioneth four kinds of Fluxes, which he calleth Dyſenteries. The firſt is, when any uſual Evacuation of Blood, as the Haemorrhoids, or at the Noſe, is omitted or impedited, or any part of the body is hurt, and by that means the Blood is ſent to the Inteſtines, and voided by the Belly. The ſecond is, when watry Blood is voided, by reaſon of the weakneſs of the of the Liver; of this I ſhall treat hereafter. The third is, when Blood mixed with Melancholy, and burnt by reaſon of long Retention in the Liver and Spleen, is evacuated and ſhineth. The laſt, and that which I am now to diſcourſe on, is, when Blood and Excrements are mixed together, and ſometimes alſo Matter is mixed therewith, and is evacuated with Torture to the Patient, by reaſon of Ulceration in the Guts; this is the proper Dyſentery. The internal Cauſes, are ſharp and ulcerating Humours, yellow, green, and black Choller: Salt Phlegm in the Head, bred by Heat, or in the Belly by putrefaction, which being brought to the Guts and ſticking to them ulcerateth the part. The Cauſes external, are all things which make ſharp and evil Humours, Meats which ſoon putrify, Fruits which are ſoon rotten, all things unripe; the Air thus qualifyed: the Winter cold and dry, and the Spring very wet and ful of South Winds, cauſe Dyſenteryes in the Summer: Or if the Winter be wet and full of South Winds, and a dry Spring and the North Winds blow much; ſuch a Seaſon produceth Dyſenteryes. Sometimes the Air is infected, and produceth a contagious and epidemical Dyſentery, which is ſo infectious, that the Excrements of the Sick, being caſt into a Privy, infecteth all that ſit over it. The Diagnoſtick Signes are, often and bloody Evacuations, with Pain in the Belly, Watching, Thirſting, Loathing of Meat, ſometimes a Feaver. If the ſmall Guts are affected, the Pain is vehement like the pricking of Pins, becauſe they are of more exquiſite Senſe, they go not to Stool preſently after the Pain, and the Blood is mixed with the Excrements. The contrary judge, if it be in the great Guts, the Pain not ſo ſharp, they go to Stool preſently after, and the Blood ſwimmeth on the top of, or a little mixed with, the Excrements. You may judge of the Humour cauſing this Diſeaſe, by the Colour of the Excrements, Age and Temperament of the Patient, and Seaſon of the year. Thus the Prognoſticks are made. Dyſenteryes cauſed by black Choller are deadly, if it be not Critical, becauſe the Ulcer groweth cancerous: be ſure you judg aright between Melancholy and Blood congealed. If Loathing of Meat and a Feaver accompany it, it is dangerous. If pieces of Fleſh be voided, it is deadly. Much Watching, great Thirſt, black, bloody, and ſtinking Stools without a Mixture of Humours, Hiccough, cholerick Vomitings, Pain in the Liver and Midriff, are (for the moſt part) deadly Signes. If Choler or ſharp Diet be the cauſe of this Diſeaſe, it is eaſily cured; ſalt-Phlegm is worſe, becauſe it ſticks longer to the Guts. If this Diſeaſe happen to one troubled with a diſeaſe in the Spleen, or the Gout, it is good (ſaith Hippocrates) becauſe the Matter is ſent forth: but this is rather a Diarrhae a then a Dyſentery.

To cure, you muſt evacuate ſharp Humours, you muſt aſſwage Pain, cleanſe, conſolidate, and dry the Ulcer, and ſtop the Flux. To evacuate the Humours, you muſt purge every ſecond, third, or fourth day, according to your Patients Age, Strength, Seaſon of the year, and the like. Rubarb is exceeding good in this Diſeaſe, given a Drachm, or a Drachm and an half, or two Drachms; Or made into a Potion thus: Take of Liquoriſh ſcraped and ſliced, and Raiſons of the Sun, of each, three Drachms: Tamarinds and yellow Myrabolans, of each, two Drachms: boil them in Barly and Plantane water to three Ounces: in which streined, infuſe a Drachm of Rubarb thin ſliced: then add one Ounce of the Sirrup of Roſes ſolutive, and make a Potion: if you think it not ſtrong enough, add of Diacatholicon, three Drachms; or you may give the Rubarb in Powder, in the aforeſaid Decoction. If the Dyſentery be accompanied with a Feaver, and Inflammation of the Bowels, open a Vein, and let the Patient bleed according to his Strength. Sometimes vomiting is profitable to revell the Humours, which fall from the Stomach to the Inteſtines; Omit not vomiting if you find the Stomach very foul: Eſpecially if the Sick be inclinable to vomit, for then Nature dictates the right way, and ought to be imitated. In the mean while, you muſt give aſſwaging, mild, and cleanſing Cliſters, afterwards glutinous and aſtringent, Thus: Take of the Roots of Marſhmallows, Butter-burr, of each, one handful: Camomil Flowers, one Pugil: the Seeds of Flax, and Fleabane, of each, two Drachms; boil them in Barly water, or Milk Chalybeated, or Mutton, Capon, or Sheeps Head Broth, to a Pint; strain it, and diſſolve therein the yolks of four Eggs well beaten, Oyl of Roſes, and Sirrup of Quinces, of each, one Ounce; and make a Clister. If the Ulcer want cleanſing, add Century and Wormwood to the former Decoction: and to the ſtrained Liquor add Turpentine diſſolved in the yolk of an Egg, & the chymical Oyl of Wax, of each, one Drachm. When there is need of more binding and glutinating, make a Cliſter thus: Take of the Roots of Comphry, Tormentill, and Bistort, of each, one Ounce: Plantane, Shepherds purſe, Knot-graſſe, and Mouſ-ear, of each, one handfull: Pomegranate Flowers, Mirtles, Acorn cups, and Cypreſſe Nuts, of each, one Drachm: parched Rice, French Barly, and red Roſes, of each, one Pugill: Make a Decoction in Smiths water, to a Pint of the straining; add of the Juyce of Plantane and Yarrow, of each, one Ounce, and the yolks of two roaſted Eggs. Or, inſteed of the Juyces, you may add the Muſilage of Gum Traganth, made with Roſe or Plantane Water, and the Suet of a Goat, of each, one Drachm, which Emplaſtick Cliſters, as with a Plaiſter, cover the internal Superficies of the Guts, and preſerveth the part from the gnawing of the Matter. All this while you muſt give internal Medicines of the ſame Nature, and the oftner, if the upper Guts are ulcerated. Firſt, to cleanſe, give Gears Milk; to glutinate, Cows Milk Chalybiated; with it, you may mix the juyce of Plantane, Sirrup of Comphry, Sugar of Roſes, the Troches of Amber, and the white Troches of Rhaſis. Let the Sick eat Rice boiled in Chalybiated Milk: or the Muſilage of Gum Traganth and Arabick, drawn as before, in his Broth half a Drachm. The Body being well cleanſed, you may make an aſtringent Decoction to compleat the Cure: Take of the Roots of Biſtort, Tormentill, and Comphry, the Leaves of Plantane, Yarrow, Shepherds purſe, Horſe-tayl, Mouſear, and Agrimony, of each, one handfull: the Seeds of Sorrel, Sumach, and Grape-ſtones, of each, one Ounce. make a Decoction in four quarts of Water, to the Conſumption of half; Sweeten the strained Liquor with the Sirrup of Comphry, Quinces, dryed Roſes, Myrtles, or Corall. Front what hath been ſaid, there is light enough for the Ingenious to make Medicines in any form, to pleaſe the Pallate of his Patient, which I omit, being loath to be tedious; but leſt I ſhould omit any thing neceſſary, make an Opiate thus: Take of Conſerve of Roſes, and Quinces, of each, one Ounce: Conſerve of Comphry Roots, half an Ounce: Coral prepared, Sanguis Draconis, Bolearmenick, ſealed Earth, Acatia, Conſerve of Sloes, of each, one Drachm: burnt Ivory and Spodium, of each, one Scruple, with any of the Sirrups aforeſaid, ſufficient to make an Opiate, and give the Quantity of a Cheſnut, Morning, Night, and Noon.

Narcoticks do Wonders, eſpecially, if they be mixed with aſtringents, and ſtrengthners: Take of Conſerve of Roſes and Services, of each, one Drachm: Confectio Alchermes half a Scruple: Laudanum three Grains, make a Bolus. Anoint the Belly with the Oyls of Quinces, Myrtles, Roſes, Maſtich, Wormwood, and the like. The Oyntment called Comitiſſae is of wonderful Virtue. I might here teach you to make Fomentations and Cataplaſms, for the purpoſe aforeſaid, of the aforenamed Simples, but ſeeing the Ingenious need it not, and the Ignorant deſerve it not, I ſhall ſave that labour, fearing my Booke will ſwell to a greater Volume then I intended. What ever you do, remember to ſtrengthen the Liver, with Cataplaſms for that purpoſe, made of Simples ſtrengthning the Liver. If the Dyſentery be Epidemical, and Malignant; Sudorifick Medicines are of great force. As Medicines made of Bezoar, and Treacle water: you muſt begin with Cordials, and proceed as you do in a Malignant Feaver.

CHAP. XLVIII. Of Tenaſmus.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Greek, and Tenaſmus in Latine, is a continual deſire to go to Stool, yet the Patient voideth nothing but Slime, and bloody Matter; it is cauſed by an Ulcer in the Intestinum rectum or ſtreight Gut, from which filthy Matter continually flowing, provoketh the expulſive Faculty, hence followeth a continual deſire to go to Stool. This Diſeaſe properly belongeth to a Dyſentery, yet by cuſtom, when onely the ſtreight Gut is ulcerated, it is called Tenaſmus, therefore I ſhall not inſert the Cauſes, being the ſame with the former. For the Knowledg of this Diſeaſe, it is eaſy to diſtinguiſh between this and a Dyſentery. In a Tenaſmus, the deſire of going to Stool is continual; in the Dyſentery, by Fits onely. In the firſt (notwithſtanding all ſtraining) nothing is voided, but Slime, bloody or mattery; in the other, both Exerements and Humours are voided. (The Signes of the Cauſes ſeek in the former Chapter.) Tenaſmus (for the moſt part) is eaſily cured, but is dangerous, if a melancholy Humour be the Cauſe, leſt it turn to an ulcerated Cancer; yet (for the moſt part) it is of long Continuance, and very troubleſome. If a Woman with Child hath the Tenaſmus, it brings many Inconveniences to her, and great danger of Miſcarriage: Hippocrates ſaith, ſhe will miſcarry; but I have known the contrary. True it is, a Woman ſeldom eſcapeth in that condition, for that Motion doth much diſturb the Womb; becauſe the ſame Muſcles which ſerve to caſt forth the Excrements, are employed for Delivery. If the Ulcer be near the Fundament or Anus, if it continue long, it turns to an incurable Fiſtula. For the Cure I ſhall refer you to the former Chapter, it being the ſame, both in the Cauſes, and the part affected, of the ſame Nature with the other Inteſtines.

CHAP. XLIX. Of the Flux of the Liver.

FLuxus Hepaticus, a Flux of the Liver is, when ſerous and bloody Humours are voided, much like Water wherein Fleſh hath been waſhed. It is cauſed by an evil Diſpoſition, conſuming the radical Moiſture of the Liver, and deſtroyeth the natural Heat thereof; this Diſpoſition cometh by burning and ſwooning Feavers, & by a hot Diſtemper of the Bowels: or by great Coldneſs, from abundance of Phlegm and Melancholy, which oppreſſeth the natural Heat.

Outward Cauſes, as great draughts of cold Water, extraordinary eating of raw Sallets, poyſonous and too violent Purges, ſalt, ſharp, and peppered Meats, which parch the Subſtance of the Liver, may corrupt the natural Hear. There is alſo a baſtard Flux of the Liver, when the radical Moiſture is not in fault, nor the Faculty hurt, yet the Blood is impure and corrupt, by the mixture of Choller, Melancholy, or ſome corrupt Matter: or by its ſtaying too long in the Liver, and the parts adjacent: by which it is made thick, burnt or rotten: or the Spleen is in fault, and doth not ſuck away the droſſy Blood. In this Baſtard Fluy, thick and black Blood, and ſometimes Blood mixed with divers Humours, is voided. The Signes of this Diſeaſe may be gathered from what hath been ſaid, and it differeth from the Dyſentery in this, that the Stools are l quid, bloody, and watry, and voided without pain. The Signes of the Cauſes moſt be conſidered. If this defect of the Liver come from a hoe Diſtemper, there went before a burning Feaver, or a Feaver is preſent, green Vomits or Stcols, Thirſt, Foulneſſe of Body, and Want of Appetite, ſtinking Evacuations. If from cold, the Stools are not ſo ſtinking, nor is there Thirſt; the whoſe Body is colder and blewiſh. Moiſt and dry Cauſes produce contrary Effects; a moiſt Diſtemper cauſeth more Stools and thin: a dry, ſewer and thicker, and leſſe in Quantity, with much Thirſt. This Diſeaſe is very dangerous, becauſe a principal part is affected, and the radical Moiſture conſumed, which can ſcarcely be reſtored, and nothing but deſtruction to be hoped for; ſo much the more if the Diſeaſe comes of Hear. If it comes in Feavers, the whole Body melteth and putrifieth. If it come from a cold Cauſe, it loſteth the longer, and turns into an incurable Dropſy. Though a Baſtard-Flux of the Liver be dangerous, yet it is farr leſſe then a true one: becauſe the Liver is ſound, and the Diſtemper may be taken away, if the Humours which corrupt the Blood be evacuated. In the Cure of this Diſeaſe, your main work is to ſtrengthen the Liver, correct the Diſtemper, and ſtay the Flux. If it come from a cold Cauſe, deal with it as with a Dropſy. But if it come of a hot Cauſe (as for the moſt part it doth,) you may gently evacuate the peccant Humours with Rubarb, as you are taught in the Cure of the Dyſentery. Then you muſt give Medicines, which ſtrengthen the Liver: Take of the Roots of Succory, Sorrell, Bloodwort, and Monks-Rubath, of each, one Ounce: the Leaves of Plantane, Endive, Succory, Purſlane, Agrimeny, and Dandelion, of each, one handfull: Wormwood, half a handfull: Red Sanders, two Drachms: Coriander ſeeds prepared, a Drachm: red Roſes, one Pugill, the ſhavings of Ivory and Spodium, of each, a Drachm: boil them in Barly water to a Quart, and in the ſtraining, diſſolve, of the Sirrups of Quinces, Vinegar Simple, and dried Roſes, of each, two Ounces; of the Oyl of Vitriol, as much as will make it moderately ſharp; and make a Julep for ſix Doſes, to be given Morning and Evening, Firſt and Laſt. The Sirrup of Myrtles, of Succory ſimple, or compound with Rubarb, the Sirrup, Tincture, or Magiſtery of Pearl is very good, and may be made uſe of as the former, or made into a Julep with Plantane, or other cooling Waters. The Liver of a Wolf is much commended, and it may be made into an Electuary, Opiate, or into any other form, with the aforenamed ingredients. The Tops of young Nettles boiled in Broth or Water are good, and the juyce taken is more powerful to ſtop the Flux and to purify the Blood. It is good to apply an Epitheme to the Region of the Liver, made of the aforenamed Ingredients, or as many of them as you think good. It is convenient that, among your Medicines, which you give to ſtop the Flux, you adminiſter ſuch as are reſtorative, becauſe in this Diſeaſe the Body is much conſumed. Riverius much commendeth this diſtilled Water, and the truth is, it deſerveth commendation: Take a fat Capon and a Partridge; pull and draw them, and filth ir bellyes with Succory, Agrimony, and Snails, of each, one Handfull: Conſerve of Roſes, three Ounces: Plantane and Coriander Seeds prepared, of each, two Drachms: Citron Myrabolans, one Drachm: the Leavs of Bloodwort, half a handfull: the Troches of Amber and Spodium, of each, four Scruples: the Powder of the Electuary de Gemmis, Triaſantalon, and Diamargariton frigidum, of each, one Drachm: Sprinkle them with Styptick Wine, and put them into the Fowls Bellyes: boil them in a cloſe Veſſel, in four Pints of Water, till half be conſumed; then put them into a glaſſe Limbeck with three Ounces of good Wine, and distill them in Balaeo: give a little of the Water often by it ſelf, or with other Medicines.

CHAP. L. Of the Worms.

VVorms (for the moſt part) breed in the Guts, therefore I ſhall ſpeak of them here. Galen Propounds three kinds of Worms; the Firſt, are round and long, and are called Teretes, and are more common then the reſt, and are bred in the Guts, but do ſomtimes get up into the Stomach. The Second are called Aſcarides, they are little and ſmal, like threds, and they commonly ly in the lower part of the thick Inteſtines, and over againſt the Sphincter-Muſcle: The third ſort are broad Worms and long, though ſeldome ſeen: ſometimes they are voided of an incredible length. They are bred of ſuch Nouriſhment as eaſily putrifieth in the Stomach: hence it cometh to paſſe that Children, and ſuch as are gluttonous, who eat much Fruit and ſuch things as eaſily putrify, eſpecially more being eaten, before the former is digeſted, are troubled with Worms. The Signes of Worms in the Guts are divers, not in all alike: a ſtinking and ſowr Breath, Stools like Cow dung; in colour, Gray like Potters earth. Sometimes there is a continual Feaver, Heavineſſe, Fainting, Loathing, Vomiting, unquenchable Thirſt, and ſometimes cold Sweats: an unequal Pulſe, the Cheeks are, ſometimes red, ſometimes blew, the Eyes ſhine, the Noſe itcheth, the Teeth gnaſh, a dry Cough. There is pain in the Belly, ſometimes by Inflammation, and ſometimes by Diſtention, ſome ſtart in their Sleep. Sometimes the Body pineth, and the Patient hath an inſatiable Appetite, this is a Signe of flat Worms, which eat up the Food. The Aſcarides are known by the itching of the Fundament, and the Excrements are many times full of them. Sometimes the eating away of the Gums is a Signe of Worms. Though to Children and older Folk Worms are common, and little feared, yet many and dangerous Symptoms and Diſeaſes are bred by them. In the beginning of a Diſeaſe, it is evil for Worms to be voided alive or dead, eſpecially alone without Dung: if they be alive, they ſignify great Crudity, and Want of Nouriſhment; if dead, great Putrefaction, by which they are killed. In the declining of a Diſeaſe, Worms comming forth with the Excrements, is a good Signe. The Cure of the Worms conſiſteth in giving Medicines to kill them, and to evacuate them being killed. The beſt way to kill them, or at leaſt to drive them to the lower Inteſtines, are theſe Simples which follow, viz. all the ſorts of Wormwood, Southernwood, Calamint, Dogs-tooth, Century, Horehound, Dittany, Hyſſop, Rew, Savin, Peach leavs, Coriander ſeed, Harts horn, Lupines, Mints, Garlick, Elecampane, and many other: of theſe Simples may ſeveral forms of Medicines be compoſed, mixing with them ſuch things as purge, not onely to kill, but alſo to carry away the Cauſe of Worms; Rubarb is much commended, becauſe it may ſafely be given, if a Feaver be preſent. Take of Rubarb, one Drachm, yellow Sanders, half a Scruple; infuſe them, in Purſlane water, three Ounces, ſtrain them, and diſſolve the Powder of Rubarb, and the Powder againſt the Worms (which you may have at the Apothecaryes) of each, one Scruple, Sirrup of Roſes, one Ounce; mix them, and make a Potion. If the Feaver be not great, add Hiera picra to your Potion, more or leſſe according to the ſtrength of your Patient, afterwards give a Cliſter, made of the Decoction of Liquoriſh, Raiſons, Figs; or Chicken Broth ſweetned with Sugar and Hony of Roſes; ſuch Cliſters are good to draw them down into the thick Guts. Afterwards give a Cliſter made after this manner: Take of Wormwood, Southernwood, Century, of each, one handfull: Lupines, half an Ounce: the Seed of Wormwood, and Coriander ſeed prepared, of each, two Drachms: In a half Pint or a Pint of the ſtrained Liquor, (according umo the age of the Patient) diſſolve one Ounce or two of the Oyl of Wormwood, and Salt, one Drachm and an half. To bring them out being killed, add to the former Cliſter, Benedicta Laxativa, Hiera picra, and Caſſia newly drawn, of each, three Drachms, or more if your Patient can bear it. Rondoleitus doth highly commend Diaearthamum; and the Infuſion of Agarick in Oxymel, becauſe it not onely killeth Worms, but purgeth Phlegm and corrupted Chyle, of which, Worms breed and are nouriſhed: but this remember, they are not proper Remedies in Feavers. Therefore, if the Sick hath a Feaver, you muſt be careful how you adminiſter hot Medicines, the like you muſt obſerve, if you adminiſter any thing to people of hot Natures. Women do commonly give Wormſeed to their Children for the Worms, mixed with ſweet things, which is a Medicine not to be deſpiſed. But, leaſt it ſhould hurt by its Hear, infuſe it two hours in Vinegar, afterwards mix it with boyled Hony, and make an Opiate, which Amatus Luſitanus much commendeth. Forrestus as highly commendeth burnt Harts-horn given with Raiſons. Aloes are much in uſe likewiſe, but the Pill de Aloe roſata is much better, if half a Drachm be given at Night. The Juyce of Lemmons is good, (if there be a Feaver) and a good corrigent for hotter Medicines. If they have not a Feaver, the Chymical Oyl of Juniper given one drop in Broth is excellent: and no leſſe effectual is ſpring Water, made ſharp with Oyl of Vitriol. Many (and thoſe very learned) Phyſitians have much commended Quickſilver, who ſay it may be taken in a moderate quantity with admirable ſucceſſe, and without the leaſt danger to the Body: for Dioſcorides ſaith, that it killeth no otherwiſe, but by tearing the Guts with its great weight; therefore we fear not to give it in a ſmall Quantity, becauſe its Weight and Roundneſſe will eaſily carry it through the Body. Of this opinion alſo was Mathiolus, Braſſavolus, Fallovius, Platerus, Fabricius, Hildanus, John Baptiſta Zappata, Baricellus' Sanctorius, and many others, who extol the benefit of this Medicine to the heavens for its Virtue, and ſay they never found any inconvenience by it. Thoſe that dread the uſe of that, let them uſe Mercurius Dulcis well prepared; the Doſe for once taking, is from eight to ten Grains, for a Boy of ten years of Age; it will be better if you mix, of Diagridium, half the weight of the former, to carry it ſooner out of the Body, and to expel the Worms, if you give it to a child yonger, or to a weak Child, give it in a ſmaller quantity. Laſtly, you may make Topicks, of what form you pleaſe, to apply to the Belly: Take of the Oyls of Wormwood, Mints, and bitter Almonds, of each, one Ounce: the Juyce of Wormwood and Rue, of each, two Ounces: Wormſeed, Aloes, and Elicampane in powder, of each, a Drachm: Colloquintida, ſix Drachms: of the Gall of an Ox, two or three Ounces, with Wax, ſufficient to make an Unguent, or ſo much (if you pleaſe) as will make a Plaiſter, and apply it; if the Sick be looſe, leave out the Colloquintida.

CHAP. LI. Of the immoderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids.

Though a moderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids be healthfull, and preſerveth a man from many and dangerous Diſeaſes, viz. the Pleuriſy, Peripneumonia, Stone in the Kidneys, Madneſſe, Melancholy, and from many other Diſeaſes; yet the immoderate Flux is very perillous, and brings many pernicious Diſeaſes, viz. Weakneſſe of the whole Body, Coolneſſe of the Bowels, and Liver, an Arrophy, Cachexia, and Dropſy for want of natural Heat, for by this Flux the Blood is waſted, which is the Treaſure of life, and Cheriſher of the whole Body. This Flux hath the ſame Cauſe that other bleedings have, viz. Blood offending in Quantity or Quality. In Quantity, when plenty of Blood it brought to the Haemorrhoid Veins, and dilateth and openeth the Orifices, or overmaſtereth the retentive Faculty, hence followeth a Flux. If the Blood offend in Quality, as Sharpneſſe and Thinneſſe, it ſtirrs up the expulſive Faculty, and ſendeth forth both good and bad Blood. This Diſeaſe is known by weakneſſe, and a yellowiſh Colour of the Body, comming upon a long Flux of the Haemorrhoids. If too much Blood be the Cauſe of the Flux, there went before, Cauſes of encreaſe of Blood; and the beginning of the Flux was a refreſhment to the Patient; but the Flux continuing, he grows weak. If the Flux came from Sharpneſſe and Thinneſſe of the Blood, there preceded Cauſes which breed Choller, or ſharp Water, the Body is of a cholerick Conſtitution, the Blood floweth violently and is ſhining, whereas if it offend onely in Quantity, it is black and Melancholy. To perform the Cure, you muſt ſtanch or moderate the Blood, by revelling, deriving, thickning, and aſtringing Means. Firſt, open a Vein in the Arm, and if the Patient hath not loſt much Blood, but aboundeth therewith, draw Blood plentifully; otherwiſe, draw little and often. Rub and bind the ſuperior parts, and Cup and Scarify the Shoulders that the Blood may be revelled. By gentle Purges, derive the cholerick Humours, which make the Blood ſo violent: purge with ſuch things as have an aſtringent Quality, as Rubarb, Myrabolans, Tamarinds, ſuch as are preſcribed againſt vomiting of Blood, and bleeding at the Noſe. But beware leſt the Body be too much bound, leſt by ſtraining, the Veins will be more open: therefore after the uſe of aſtringents, let the Patient eat ſharp French Prunes before and after Meat. Then you muſt give ſuch things as may thicken the Blood, (have recourſe to the 19, 30 and 39 Chapters.) Laſtly, you muſt prepare aſtringent Fomentations and Unguents to be applyed to the Haemorreoid Veins: boil Mullein in Smith's water, and foment; or you may add other Herbs of the ſame Nature to it, thus: Take of the Roots of Biſtort, half a Pound: the Leaves of Plantane, Mullein, Shepherds purſe, Bramble, and Oak Leavs, of each, two Handfulls: Pomegranate Flowers and Peels, Galls and Sumach berries, of each, one Handfull: red Roſes, two Pugills; Myrtles, half a Drachm: Allum, one Ounce, boil them in three parts of Smith's Water, and one of red Wine, and ſoment the part therewith, but let it be but moderately hot. Or with a greater quantity of the Simples, you may make a Bath for the Sick to ſit in, but let it not be hot. Or you may make an Ointment with their Juyces, and Bolearmenick. Terra Sigillata, Sanguis Draconis, Ceruſe, Vinegar, and ſuch like; Unguentum Comitiſſae is good to anoint the Veins and the Back. The Dripping of un Eel is much commended. Or take the Hairs of an Hare burnt, Spiders Webs mixed with the white of an Egg, and apply it. Or touch the Vein with Oyl of Vitriol, and, in a deſperate Caſe, with Aqua Fortis. If the Veins ſhould ulcerate, cleanſe the Ulcer as you are taught in divers places of this Treatiſe. But be ſure you conſider the State of the Liver and Spleen; if they be hot or weak, cool or ſtrengthen them, as you are taught in their proper Chapters.

CHAP. LII. Of the pain of the Haemorrhoids.

THe Haemorrhoid-Veins, ſometimes do ſwell and cauſe very great pain. The cauſe of this differeth not from the former, for the blood offending in quantity or quality, and cannot open the ends of the Veins, cauſeth a Tumor, or inflammation. Theſe Tumours are ſometimes like Grapes, Mulberries, Warts, and ſometimes like bladders: Some are externall, others internall. It is convenient that you make a diſtinction between the Haemorrhoids, and the clefts of the Fundament, which are like thoſe chops which are in the lips, cauſed by ſharp Northerly winds: and the Tumor called Condiloma, which is in colour, black, as the Haemorrhoids are, in form, long, and not in the Veins; whereas the Haemorrhoids are in the Veins, and round. There is alſo in the Fundament ſometimes to be found a carnuons ſwelling, called Thymi, and ſometimes in the privities of Men and Women, and they are like the flowers of Thyme, they are little, white, or reddiſh, without pain; the Haemorrhoids are for the moſt part black, greater, and painfull. The piles are greater then the former, they are called Fici, they are blew and painfull, are like the Haemorrhoids, onely they are a carnuous ſwelling, and the Haemorrhoids is a ſwelling of the Veins. The Piles are of a Maligne quality, and do ſometimes ulcerate. The ſwelling of the Haemorrhoids is not dangerous, unleſſe it be inflamed, and Gangrene: Or if it ſuppurate and come to an Ulcer, and chance to turn to a Fiſtula, which may prove incurable. To cure, you muſt bleed, and make ſuch revulſions preſcribed in the former Chapter; likewiſe open the Saphaena. You muſt not uſe ſtrong purges, leſt you draw more humours to the place, yet you muſt keep the body ſoluble, leaſt the voiding of hard dung greatly encreaſe pain; keep the body ſoluble by this or the like Medicine: Take of the leaves of Lettice, Burrage, Bugloſſe, and Mallows, of each, one handfull: Polypody of the Oak three ounces; Liquoriſh, Raiſons ſtoned, and Currant, of each, half an ounce: Bugloſſe, Burrage, and Violetflowers, of each, one Pugill; Boil it in running water to a pint and an half; Strain it, and infuſe therein an Ounce of Senna, (the liquor being kept hot) ſix hours; then put in of Caſſia newly drawn, one ounce, and let it ſtand an hour; ſtrain it, and Clarify it, and ſweeten it with two ounces of ſyrrup of Violits, make four potions thereof, and give it twice in a day, firſt and laſt. Then you muſt apply ſuch things to them which hath power to caſe pain, viz. the Oil of Peach-kernells, Sweet Almonds, Nuts, Egs, Box: or oils of the ſeeds of Poppy, or Henbane. Of theſe may divers Lineaments be made, good to appeaſe pain, diſcuſs the Tumor, and to dry the Ulcers: Take of the oyl of Eggs, (made in a Leaden Morter) the oyl of Violets, and Roſes, of each one ounce; Populeon, half an Ounce, the Oyl of Box, two ſcruples, with Hens Greaſe, and Goats Suet, ſufficient to make a Liniment, and apply it, or take of the juice of Purſlane, and honey, of each, two ounces; white Diachylon, mollified with the Oyl of Chamomell, two Ounces, Opium, ſix grains; make an Unguent. Horſtius commendeth wild Flax made into an Oyntment, with Hogs greaſe. To diſcuſſe the Tumor, the Balſome of Sulphur is much commended, or this Cataplaſme is good. Take of Plantane, Pilewort, and Mallows of each a like quantity; make a decoction in Milk, till the liquor be half waſted, ſtrain out the hearbs, and make a Cataplaſm with the crums of white bread; adding to it the Oyl of Violets, Roſes, Myrtles, and the like. Or a Cataplaſm made of the heads of Leeks, is much commended. Green Elder leaves boyled to ſlime, and applyed, and often renewed, are very good. The Lungs of a Sheep or Goat taken hot, and ſome ſlices thereof applyed, or if the ſick ſit upon them, it oftentimes proveth effectuall. If you ſee good, you may make a fomentation, with Mullein, Mallows, Marſhmallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Flax, and Fenugreek ſeed in Milk, water, or Oyl, or all of them; or with a great quantity make a Bath: Or a fume made of the powder of Darnell, Mullein, Pilewort, dried and thrown upon hot coals, and the Sumen received. The decoction of yarrow, Mullein, and Pilewort, is a good Medicine to take inwardly, or a Syrrup made of their Juyces, againſt both Haemothoids and Piles. If they will not open, bleed them with Leeches, or rub them till they bleed. If the Piles be ulcerated, the Balſom of Sulphur, the Oyl of Egs ſtirred in a Leaden Morter, is good to cleanſe them. To conclude, thoſe that are ſubject to theſe diſtempers, ought to have an Iſſue in the Leg.

CHAP. LIII. Of a hot diſtemper of the Liver.

A Hot diſtemper of the Liver is either with, or without matter; but for the moſt part, a hot diſtemper of the Liver, doth produce hot and cholerick humours: It is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; it is cauſed either by hot weather, violent exerciſe, anger, or ſuch like paſſions of the mind: hot or ſpiced nouriſhment, drinking much Wine, or any thing that is naturally hot. This diſtemper is known by loathing of meat, the body Coſtive and hot, eſpecially the palms of the hands, and ſoles of the feet, the whole body groweth lean; a bitterneſſe of the mouth, and for the moſt part a Feaver; if there be plenty of humours, the patient vomiteth, or evacuateth downwards Choller; he is the worſe for hot, and the better for cold things. This diſtemper, though not very dangerous in it ſolf, yet may be the cauſe of many diſeaſes: It is hard to cure it if the ſtomach be cold, becauſe what you give to cool the Liver, increaſeth the diſtemper of the ſtomach. To cure it, you muſt cool the Liver, and evacuate Choller. Firſt give a Laxative and cooling Cliſter; then, open the Liver-Vein in the right arm, and draw as much bloud as the patients ſtrength will well bear, either at once or at ſeverall times. Then make an Apozeme to purge Choller, thus, Take the roots of yellow Docks, or Muncks Ruharb, Sorrel, Succory, and Licoris, of each one Ounce, the Leaves of Endive, Succory, Fumitory, Dandelion, and Burrage, of each one handfull; of the great cold ſeeds, of each three Drachres: Of the Cordiall flowers, of each, one Pugill, Tamarinds one Ounce; boil them to a Pint and an half, then adde to infuſe of Rubarb and Senna, of each half an Ounce, Syrrup of Succory, with Rubarb, and of Roſes Solutive, add at the last, and clarify it, aromatize it with two drachms of yellow Sanders. Let the Patient take it four mornings. Let his ordinary drink be Barly-water, and put therein the Syrrup of Lemmons or Maiden-hair; or, if he delight in things that are ſharper, make it ſharp with the ſpirit of Sulphur, or Vitriol. Whey likewiſe is very good, it is beſt if it be made by turning the milk with Vinegar, or the juice of Lemmons, and add ſuch things as I adviſed for the Barly water. Likewiſe you may prepare Juleps to cool the Liver. Take the waters of Endive, Succory, Sorrel, and Bugloſſe, of each one ounce, the Syrrups of Lemmons, Sweet Apples, and Pomegranats, of each one ounce: of the Syrrup of Corall, compound half an ounce, the Oyl of Vitriol, ten drops, mix them, and make a Julep for four doſes; Or, Take of the Conſerve of the flowers of Bugloſſe, Violets and Succory, of each one Ounce, the conſerve of Hips, one Ounce and an half, with Syrrup of Lemmons make an Opiate, and take a little often. Likewiſe you may make a decoction of China, and Hepatick hearbs, ſweetning it with the aforenamed Syrrups, and taking half a pint in the morning. Likewiſe of the aforenamed cooling hearbs you may make an Apozen to cool the Liver, or you may make a Bath to cool and moyſten the body.

CHAP. LIV. Of the Inflammation of the Liver.

THe Inflammation of the Liver, is a hot Tumor, occaſioned by bloud, out of its proper veſſells, ſent into the ſubſtance of the Liver. This Tumor ariſeth either from pure bloud, or elſe the bloud is mixed with Choller, Flegme, or Melancholly, ſo producing either a true, Eryſipelous, Oedematous, or Schirrous Phlegmon. This Tumor is ſometimes in the gibbous, or hollow part, of the Liver. The cauſes of this diſeaſe are too much bloud, or the heat, thinneſſe or ſharpneſſe thereof, and by its motion in the Veins it is ſometimes thrown into the Liver: For, the Liver being hot and in pain, doth attract the humours to it ſelf: or by its weakneſſe, is forced to receive the burden that ſtronger parts lay upon it, according to the Proverb, The weakeſt goes to the walls. Sometimes an obſtruction of the Liver, by retaining the thick humours, which by a preternaturall heat is inflamed. The externall cauſes are the ſame which cauſe heat of the Liver. To which add a ſtroak, or fall, bruiſing the Liver, or Medicines applyed to a cold ſtomach, or a Cupping-Glaſſe faſtned to the Region of the Liver. The ſigns of the diſeaſe, are heavineſſe in the right Hypocondrion, a weighty pain ſometimes extending it ſelf to the throat, and ſometimes to the lower ribs, a Feaver more or leſſe violent, according to the nature of the humour offending, viz. Choller, or Flegm, and difficulty of breathing, becauſe the motion of the Diaphragma is hindered, a dry chough, an unequal pulſe and like a Saw, the Tongue at the beginning red, afterwards black, great thirſt, loathing of meat, vomiting Choller, and ſometimes Flegm, a pale and yellowiſh colour of the whole body, red and flaming Urine, the ſick hath more eaſe lying upon his back, then upon either ſide: for the moſt part he is coſtive, becauſe the heat of the Liver dryeth up the moyſture of the Chylus; but if the Liver be weak alſo, the ſick is looſe, and the excrements are like water wherein fleſh hath bin waſhed. If the Gibbous part of the Liver be affected, you may feel the Tumor in the right Hypochondrion, the breath is fetched with difficulty, and the pain reacheth to the right ſide of the Throar. If the cavity of the Liver be affected, the Tumor is not felt, but becauſe that part lyeth upon the ſtomach there is greater loathing of meat, vomitting, thirſt, and ſometimes looſneſſe of the belly, by reaſon of the corruption, which the diſtemper of the Liver cauſeth in the Stomach. The ſigns of the cauſes are thus known, if the inflāmation be of bloud onely, the face is either red or duskiſh, the Pulſe is great and ſoft, the Urine is red and thick, the body is full of fleſh, and there is ſweetneſſe in the mouth; and for the moſt part, the Patient is young and hath fed high. If Choller cauſe the inflāmation, the face is yellow, the pulſe ſwift, hard and unequall, the Urine thin and yellow, the body thin, the eyes hollow, a bitter taſt in the mouth, and Cholerick vomitings. The Symptomes of the inflamation of the Abdomen, differ little from them of the inflāmation of the Liver, therefore let us a little conſider the difference. If the Muſcles of the Abdomen be inflāmed, the skin is extended, and if you lay hold of it, you cannot move it, but if the Liver be inflamed, if you lay hold on the Muſcles, they yield, and the Tumor appeareth deeper. If theſe Muſcles be inflamed, the colour appeareth freſh, and in its naturall colour; but if the Liver be inflamed, the colour is yellow as in the Jaundiſe, you muſt likewiſe diſtinguiſh between the inflāmation of the Liver, and a Pleuriſy. Sometimes moiſt and bloudy ſtools, diſtinguiſh it; in the Pleuriſy the pain will be vehement, and great towards the right Hypocondria, no change of colour, the cough great and dry, with bloudy ſpittle for the moſt part, the pulſe hard and like a Saw; the inflāmation of the Liver is manifoſted by the ſigns laid down before. If the Meſentery be inflamed, the Tumor appeareth beneath the region of the Liver, the ſtools will be thin and moiſt, with unconcocted matter; if the party recover, the matter quickly is concocted, the colour of the face is not much altered. Prog. every inflāmation of the Liver is dangerous, for the moſt part deadly: if the Patient be not cured, or killed preſently, the diſeaſe ends in a Dropſy, Atrophy, or Conſumption. If Choller be the cauſe of the inflāmation, it is worſe then if bloud were the cauſe, and the Feaver is ſtronger. The Hicchough in this diſtemper, is a very evill ſign, for it ſhews the greater Malignity of the inflāmation, which doth diſturb the Stomach. A Flux joyned with it, unleſſe it be criticall, and the humours evacuated, concocted, is deadly. To cure it, follow the rules preſcribed in the 42. Chapt. Of the Inflāmation of the Stomach. Let his drink be Barly water, with a little Syrrup of Violets. If the diſeaſe be ſtubborn, to the former Medicines preſcribed in the 42. Chapter, add this following Apozeme. Take of the roots of Smallage, Fennell and Parſly, of each, two ounces; the leaves of Agrimony, Violets, Succory, and Maidenhair, of each one handfull; Polypody of the Oak four Ounces, Chammell flowers, one Ounce; the ſeeds of Fennell, Gromwell, and Parſly, of each one Drachm: boil it to a Pint and an half, and in the ſtrained Liquor infuſe an Ounce of Sen na, and three Drachms of Rubarb; afterwards, add of Sirrup of violets and Vinegar Simple, of each, two Ounces: divide it into four Doſes, and let the Sick take every other Morning. Then make an Epithem, Liniment, Unguent, or Plaiſter, thus: Take of the Juyce of Endive, Succory, Sorrell, and Plantane, of each, half an Ounce: of the Oyls of Roſes, Wormwood, Camomill, and Myrtles, of each, one Ounce: Vinegar, half an Ounce: boil it to the Conſumption of the Juyces: then add of the three Sanders in Powder, of each, one Scruple: with Wax ſufficient, make an unguent, and anoint the Region of the Liver. If the Pain and Feaver decreaſeth, you muſt add to the former Oyntment, ſuch things as diſſolve and mollify as well as cool: as the Flowers of Camomill and Melilot, Barly-meal, the Roots of Marſh-mallows, Calamus Aromaticus, and Cypreſſe: the Leaves of Mallows, Violets, and Agrimony: the Seeds of Anniſe, Fennell, Faenugreek, and Flax. Or with theſe Simples you may make a Fomentation.

If the Inflammation be not diſcuſſed, as it ſeldom can, it tends to Suppuration; otherwiſe to a Gangrene. The Impoſthume, for the moſt part, is compleat in twenty dayes, it is very dangerous, and few eſcape thereof. But if it be little, and onely in one part of the Liver, and the Matter white which comes forth by Urine and Stool, the Sick eſcapeth; if it be in the outward part of the Liver, it may be opened by an actual Cautery, and if the Matter which cometh forth be white, the Patient eſcapeth. After the Impoſthume is broken, there remaineth an Ulcer, if the Patient continueth: the Ulcer is hard to cure, and bringeth the Patient into a Dropſy or Maraſmus. But ſometimes ſharp, cholerick, and corroding Humours in the Liver produce an Ulcer without Inflammation. This Ulcer is diſcovered by the Signes following: Pain in the right Hypocondrion, mattery and bloody Stools, and pain in the Bowels as in the Dyſentery; onely here the Weight and Pricking about the Liver maketh a Diſtinction: ſometimes pieces of the Liver have been voided by Stool. If the outward part of the Liver be ulcerated, the Urine is mattery, without any Diſeaſe in the Bladder or Reins. The Colour is yellow, ſometimes ſmall Pimples in the Face, a ſtinking Breath, Loathing Fleſh, and the Sick fainteth often. An Ulcer in the Liver is accompanied (for the moſt part) with an Hective Feaver; for the moſt part Death lodgeth not farr from it: that which followeth an Impoſthume and Inflammation is more dangerous then the other. If it tends to Suppuration, it is hardly cured, yet you muſt proceed, thus: Take of the Emplaster of Diachilon magnum, and Melilot, of each, one Ounce: Gum Ammoniacum diſſolved in Vinegar, half an Ounce: Oyl of Wormwood and Wax, make a Plaiſter, and ſpread it upon Leather in the form of an half Moon, and apply it to the Region of the Liver. Make uſe alſo of mollifying Cataplaſms. Give inwardly Chicken Broth, and boil therein Marſh and common Mallows, Figs, &c. When the Impoſthume is broken, make uſe of the Medicines preſcribed for the Cure of an Ulcer in the Stomach; give him to drink Whey or Barly-Water and Hony of Roſes. If the Suppuration be outwardly and after the opening thereof, the Matter is filthy, red and ſtinking, Death muſt perfect the Cure; but if the Matter evacuated be white and concocted, there is hopes of Recovery.

CHAP. LV. Of the Obſtruction of the Liver.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , or the Obſtruction of the Liver, is a Diſeaſe organical, a preternatural Straitneſſe of the Branches of the Vena Porta, and Vena Cava, as alſo the whole Subſtance of the Liver, which hinders the diſtribution of Blood and Nouriſhment, by reaſon of a preternatural Humour which ſhutteth up the Paſſages. The Quantity or Quality of the Humours may be the Cauſe of Obſtruction. Plenty of Humours cauſe Obſtruction in the Cavity of the Veſſels, which by fulneſſe are ſo diſtended, that they cannot contract themſelves to ſend forth the Matter. The Quality of the Humours is groſſe, tough, and clammy Excrements ſticking to the Paſſages, and are more thickned by the Heat of the part: viz. Phlegm which eaſily groweth thick and clammy; Mela choly, which is cold, thick, and droſſy: Choller, ſtaying long in the Liver, grows thick: and ſometimes the Thickneſſe of the Blood may cauſe Obſtruction; ſometimes groſſe Vapours may cauſe Obſtruction, as in the Chollick. All things which make thick and clammy Humours, as a cloudy and thick Air; Meats, that are aſtringent, cold, of groſſe Juyce, hard of Concoction being immoderately eaten, or more eaten, then the Conſtitution of the Body can well diſpenſe with; as Beef, Bacon, Pork, and Fiſh dryed in the Smoak; Cheeſe, Peaſe, Beans, &c. Pears, Quinces, Medlars, Services, and Muſhrooms: Bread not well baked, muddy Ale, and aſtringent Wine. A cold Diſtemper of the Liver, which cannot well concoct the Chylus, but turns it into a ſalt, tartarous, and mucilaginous Matter, may be the Cauſe of Obſtruction. Diſtempers of the Stomach, by reaſon of which it cannot well concoct, but beget crude Chyle, which the Liver cannot well order, may be the Cauſe. Diag: In this Diſtemper, the Excrements are not naturall, but are moiſt, white, chylous, or bloody: The Urine, white, thin, and warry: when the Patient walketh faſt, or up a Hill, he breatheth with difficulty: the Face pale, the whole Body lean and dull: a ſenſe of Weight in the Hypocondria, eſpecially after Meat, and though the Sick hath eat Meat light, and little in Quantity, yet he ſeemeth as if he had overgorged himſelf. Sometimes the Hypocondria is extended; and a dry Cough. The Cauſes are thus known: If the Pain be heavy, extended and fixed, groſſe Humours are the Cauſe. Sharper Pains, and more moveable, declare Wind. If cold Humours be the Cauſe; there is more Weight, the Face is pale, no Thirſt nor Feaver: a thick and cold Diet preceded: the contrary Signes declare hot Humours to be the cauſe, Choller maketh the Face yellow, and blood-red. Prog: An Obſtruction newly begun may be eaſily cured: but an old, hardly. If the Obſtruction of the Liver be not removed, it breeds many dangerous Diſeaſes: in a word, it may be well called the Mother of all Diſeaſes. That which comes of crude & phlegmatick Humours is worſe then that which comes of Wind. You muſt begin the Cure with univerſal Evacuations, ſuitable to the Nature of the Diſeaſe, the Strength and Conſtitution of the Patient. If Blood abound, open the Liver-Vein, but beware leſt you cool the Body too much. Then you muſt make opening-Broths, thus: Take of the Roots of Smallage, Parſly, Fennell, and Aſparagus, of each, one Ource: Agrimony, Maidenhair, and Polypody of the Oak, of each, one handfull: the Seeds of Anniſe, Parſly, and Fennell, of each, one Drachm; boil them in Chicken or Mutton Broth, and ſtrain it; every Morning give the Sick a Porringer full, diſſolving firſt therein, Cream of Tartar, one Drachm; Salt of Wormwood and Tamarisk, of each, half a Scruple. Or every other day infuſe in his Broth, half an Ounce of Senna, and give it as before. Baths and Fomentations made of ſottning and opening things are good: Take of the Roots of Marſh mallows, Lillyes, and Briony, of each, two Ounces; the middle Rind of Tamariſk, the Bark of Caper Roots, the Roots of Sea holly, Cypreſſe, and dwarf-Elder, of each, one Ounce: The Leaves of Marſh and common Mallows, Camomill, Mints, Germander, Penny-royall, Violets, and Wormwood, of each, one handfull: the Seed of Flax, Foenugreek, and Juniper Berryes, of each, one Ounce: the Flowers of Broom, Elder, Camomill, and Mililot, of each, one Handfull: boil them in chalybiated Water, and (if you pleaſe) add one part of white-Wine, and foment the Region of the Liver: or with a greater Quantity make a Bath. Your Wit (if you have any) will teach you how to make Unguents, of the ſame ingredients, to anoint the part, after fomenting. It is good to have in readineſſe an Opiate that openeth Obſtructions, ſtrengthneth the Stomach, Liver, and other parts; Take of the Conſerve of Wormwood, two Ounces: the Root of Elicampane, and Citron Peels candied, of each, one Ounce: Candied Nutmegs, half an Ounce: one Myrabolan candied, Confectio Alchermes, two Drachms: Diarrhodon Abbatis, one Drachm: Salt of Wormwood and Tamariſk, of each one Scruple: Saffron, and Amber-greeſe, of each, half a Scruple: with the Sirrup of the five opening Roots make an Opiate, of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Wal-nut every Merning.

In this caſe ſteel-Medicines are of excellent uſe, and well approved of by Galeniſts as well as Paracelſians: ſometimes the Powder may be given alone, or of it may be made ſeveral ſorts of Medicines, as ſteel-Wine, Sirrups, Opiates, Pills, and Lozenges. Some infuſe it in white Wine or Claret, and drink thereof: many wayes are ſteeled-Wines prepared, I ſhall onely preſcribe that which my ſelf have found effectuall and leave every man to his liberty to prepare it as he ſees good. Take the powder of Steel prepared with Vinegar, three Ounces: the Roots of dwarf-Elder, two Ounces: the Root of Elicampane and Sea-Holly, of each, one ounce: yellow Sanders and Epithimium, of each, one Ounce: the Flowers of Camomill, Broom, and Roſemary, of each, half an Ounce: (it will not be the worſe if you add two Ounces of Senna, and half an Ounce of Rubarb:) the beſt white-Wine, three Quarts: Let them infuſe in a Bath twelve dayes, twice a day you muſt ſhake them: let the Patient take two or three Ounces every Morning as long as need requireth. Likewiſe may Pills, Opiates, and Sirrups be prepared of the infuſion and extract of Steel. But this remember, that after all Medicines made of Steel muſt much Excerciſe be uſed, to make the Strength of the Medicine go to the parts obſtructed. Quercetan commendeth the compound Powder of Aron to open Obſtructions: two Drachms taken in a Morning in ſome convenient Liquor, for ſeveral dayes: See the fourth Booke: But of all Medicines, to open Obſtructions, thoſe made of Vitriol, Tartar, and Steel claime the preheminence: if Dr. Dunce have not the adminiſtring thereof.

CHAP. LVI. Of the Schirrus of the Liver.

THis Diſeaſe is a hard Tumor in the Liver without Pain: it is either perfect or imperfect; the perfect is without Pain or Senſe: that which is imperfect hath ſome Pain. This is bred by crude, viſcous, and clammy Humours ſent from other parts, or bred in the Liver by evill Concoction. The imperfect Schirrus is cauſed by immoderate uſe of diſcuſſing, or repercuſſive Medicines; or things which by cooling and binding do thicken the Matter, and keep it from diſſolving. The Signs are, a Hardneſſe in the right Hypocondrion, and a great Heavineſſe, eſpecially, when the Breath is fetched, neither Feaver nor Pain, as in the Inflammation; or at leſt but little Pain, when the Schirrus is imperfect: the Face is pale and greeniſh, becauſe there is no good Blood produced by it. The whole Body decayeth, becauſe there is no Sanguification, nor Diſtribution of Nouriſhment, as ought to be. To the Prognoſtick, Galen ſaith thus; an inſenſible Schirrus is incurable: that which is ſenſible is curable, though with much difficulty. A Schirrus turns to the Dropſy incurable; ſometimes it cauſeth the Jaundice: and ſomtimes it cometh in the Jaundice, both which are very dangerous. To cure it in the beginning of the Diſeaſe, you muſt take away the antecedent Cauſe, as you are taught in the preceding chapter of Obſtructions, all the Medicines there mentioned are proper for this. Riverius much commendeth theſe Pills following: Take of the beſt Aloes, and Gum Ammoniacum, diſſolved in Vinegar, ſtrained, and again made thick, of each, half an Ounce: Mercurius Dulcis, (well prepared) two Drachms: Diagridium, one Drachm: with Oxymell of Squills, make a Maſſe for Pills, of which, take half a Drachm in the Morning, for twenty or thirty dayes, but ſometimes reſt, and in the intermediate dayes, make uſe of the ſteeled and other Medicines, mentioned in the Chapter. Likewiſe the Fomentation and Unguent there preſcribed may be made uſe of to mollify this Tumor.

CHAP. LVII. Of the Jaundice.

THe Jaundice is a ſpreading of a yellow Colour over the whole Body. There is a two fold Jaundice, the yellow and the black; the black proceeds from the Spleen, and is rare. I ſhall here ſpeak onely of the yellow Jaundice. This Diſeaſe comes from three principal Cauſes: Firſt, from an evil Diſpoſition of the Liver, as an Inflammation, Obſtruction, Schirrus, or Weakneſſe thereof, that it cannot ſeparate the Choller from the Blood, and by that means it is carried over the whole Body. A ſecond Cauſe is the Obſtruction of the Gall, which hinders its paſſage into the Guts, and ſo remains in the Blood, with which it is carried to all parts of the Body. The Gall is obſtructed, either by groſſe Phlegm, or Choller abounding, and ſometimes by little ſtones bred therein, &c. The third Cauſe is the Malignity of the cholerick Humour, which conſiſteth, either in the great Quantity which Nature cannot regulate, nor ſeperate from the Blood: or fills the Bagg ſo full that it cannot contract it ſelf to expell it. Or elſe it conſiſteth in the evill Quality of the Humour, which, by corrupting the reſt, hinders their due Evacuations, which Nature perceiving, ſtriveth ſuddenly to caſt it forth: as it ſometimes happens in cholerick Feavers, after the taking of Poyſon, or after the biting of ſome venemous Creature. The Signes of the yellow Jaundice is a Yellowneſſe of the Body, eſpecially, the whites of the Eyes and the Balls of the Checks: cholerick Vomitings, and Hiccoughs, Lazineſſe, Itching of the Body, and Bitterneſſe of the Tongue. If it come from a Diſtemper of the Liver: there preceded an Inflammation, Obſtruction, &c. If from an Obſtruction of the Gall, the Belly is bound and the Excrements white, the Urine yellow or reddiſh, which will dye a new piece of linnen cloth. If it come from the Malignity of the Humour, both the Urine and the Excrements are high coloured, eſpecially, after a putrid Feaver, now if the Feaver remain, the Jaundice is Symptomatical; If, when the Jaundice appears, the Feaver ceaſeth, the Urine and Excrements be of their natural Colour; the Jaundice is critical. Poyſon taken and venemous Bitings the Patient can declare. They, who in a Feaver have the Jaundice before the ſeventh or critical day, are in great danger; the contrary, if it happen on a critical day. The Jaundice, comming upon an Inflammation of the Liver, is dangerous, becauſe the Diſeaſe commonly ends in an Impoſthume: if upon a Schirrus, it is no leſſe dangerous, becauſe that ends in the Dropſy. If it come from an Obſtruction of the Gall, it is moſt eaſy to cure, becauſe the Paſſage is neer the Guts, except Stones bred in the Paſſages be the Cauſe, which, by reaſon they cannot be diſſolved, are counted incurable. For the Cure, if it come from Diſtemper of the Liver, have recourſe to the aforegoing Chapters, if the Jaundice be critical it needs no Cure. If from the Obſtruction of the Gall; to cure it, take away the the Obſtruction, which may be done, by the Medicines mentioned in the Chapter Of the Obstruction of the Liver. Yet leaſt I ſhould ſeem to omit any thing needfull, I ſhall apply a Medicine or two proper to the Diſeaſe. If the Body be plethorick, Phlebotomy may be profitable. Afterwards evacuate the Humours with Medicines that principally purge Choller: Take of the Electuary of the Juyce of Roſes, and the Electuary of Prunes ſolutive, of each three Drachms: Rubarb in Powder, one Drachm: Saffron, half a Scruple: with Sugar make a Bolus, give it once or twice, as the Patient ſtands in need thereof. Then make a Decoction thus: Take the Roots of Smallage, Nettles, and Maddir, of each, one Handfull: the Leavs of Celandine, Cleavers, Fumitory, Wormwood, Century, and the Tops of Saint John's Wort, of each, one Handfull: Cinnamon, and the Shavings of Ivory, of each, two Drachms: the white Dung of an Hen, and the Dung of a Gooſe, of each, two Drachms, tye it up in a Ragg, and with it a Scruple of Saffron: make a Decoction in white Wine, (or if you pleaſe, in Fumitory, Wormwood-water, or the like) to a Quart: Let the Patient take a quarter of a Pint faſting, and gently exerciſe himſelf. Of theſe, and Ingredients of the like Nature may any form of Medicine be prepared. Whilſt inward Medicines are adminiſtred, foment or anoint the Region of the Liver, as you are taught in the foregoing Chapters.

CHAP. LVIII. Of the Dropſy.

THere are three kinds of Dropſyes, the firſt is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Aſcites, the ſecond 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Tympanites, the third 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Anaſarca or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Leucophlegmatia. Aſcites is a Swelling of the Belly, cauſed of a ſerous Humour, and ſalt, (as Water it is cold, as Salt it is hot, infecting the Mouth of the Stomach, hence cometh a Feaver and Thirſt,) and not onely the Belly, but ſometimes the Cods, Thighs, Legs, and Feet: and ſometimes it begins in the Legs and Feet and aſcends upward. It is the Opinion of moſt Phyſitians, that all Dropſyes have their originall from a cold Diſtemper of the Liver, which cannot make Blood, but Water, Phlegm, and Wind. This Opinion is undeniably true in Anaſarca, but in Aſcites and Tympanites it is queſtionable, although ſometimes a cold Diſtemper may be the Cauſe thereof. The Experience of Modern Phyſitians hath put the buſineſſe out of doubt, who have found the Liver ſound in diſſected Bodyes, who died of the Dropſy. And if the Liver ſhould breed warry Blood; what reaſon can be given that the Water ſhould be ſent to the Cavity of the Belly onely, and not to other parts, and breed Anaſarca? A Dropſy may be cauſed by a hot Diſtemper of the Liver cauſed of Feavers, much Wine, or hot Meats, which doth diſperſe the native Heat, by which means, the Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys become leſſe active, and not able to draw the Water, nor caſt it forth by the Ureters: the like may be ſaid of a cold Diſtemper. Some external Cauſe may hinder the Attraction and Diſtribution of the Water, as, namely, the drinking of much cold Water, or hot Wine, or any thing that doth diminiſh or diſperſe the native Heat.

The Dropſy Tympanites, hath its Name from Tympanum a Drum, becauſe the Belly ſoundeth like a Drum; and is much ſtretched out. This Stretching hath its original from Wind ſhut up in the Cavity of the Abdomen, and ſometimes in the Cavity of the Guts as Platerus obſerved. This Wind is bred by crude and thick, phlegmatick or melancholy Humours, which being ſtirred by Heat, and made thin, becometh thick and flatuous Vapours, which are hard to be diſſolved. Nor doth Wind alone cauſe a Dropſy but with it a mixture of Water, ſo that if Wind be predominant, it is called a Tympany: if Water, Aſcites. Anaſarca is bred of a phlegmatick Humour ſpread throughout the whole Body, and maketh every part to ſwell and be white: a cold Diſtemper of the Liver is the Cauſe; when the Liver, inſteed of making good Blood, produceth ſuch Humours. The Cauſe of this Diſeaſe may be imputed to all ſuch things as cool the Liver too much, and hinder its Concoction, as a Diet too cold and moiſt, the Stopping of the Terms or Haemorrhoids, all Obſtructions, and Tumors in the Liver, much bleeding, or any praeternatural Evacuation.

You may make the Diagnoſticks thus; In Aſcites, the Belly is great and broad, preſſe the Sides and you may hear the Water make a Noiſe: when the Patient turneth in his Bed, his Belly ſwayeth to that ſide: the Thighs, Legs, Feet, and Cods ſwell, but the upper parts decay: the Urine is little in Quantity, thick in Subſtance, in colour, red: In the encreaſe of the Diſeaſe, the Patient breatheth with much difficulty, by reaſon of the Abundance of Water which lyeth upon the Diaphragma, eſpecially, when he lyeth down; therefore the Patient (for the moſt part) is forced to ſtand or ſit: the ſalt Humour ſwimming in the Stomach cauſeth a continuall Thirſt, and a lingring Feaver. In the Tympany the Belly ſoundeth like a Drum, is big but leſſe burthenſome; when the Patient lyeth upon his Back, his Belly remaineth hard and extended, nor doth it ſway when he turneth himſelf: the beginning of this Dropſy (for the moſt part) is accompanied with pain about the Navel and Reins. In Anaſarca, not onely the Belly & lower parts, but the upper parts alſo ſwell; if you thruſt the Swelling with your Finger, it doth pit and leave an Impreſſion: the Fleſh is ſoft and looſe, and the Skin pale and earthy: they have a lingring Feaver, breathing difficultly, and the Urine is thin and white.

To the Prognoſtick, I ſay; Every Dropſy is hard to be cured, the older the Parient is, and the longer the Diſeaſe hath continued, the more perillous. Anaſarca is leaſt dangerous: Aſcites and the Tympany are ſometimes one more dangerous then another, according to their Cauſes: for Aſcites comming from a Tumor or Ulcer of the Liver or any of the internall parts, it is more dangerous then a Tympany, et è contra. If a Dropſy come upon an acute Diſeaſe, it is evill. If the Liver, being full of Water, diſcharge it ſelf into the Omentum, the Diſeaſe ends in Death. If in the beginning a Dropſy, (the Patient being ſtrong, and free from Tumor or Ulcer in the Liver or any internal part,) the Water floweth into the Belly and cauſeth a Flux, the Patient is cured; if the contrary happen, expect a contrary effect. This I gather from the words of Hippocrates; In the beginning of a Dropſy, if there come a Flux of the Belly, without want of Concoction, or crudity it is prevented, the leſſe Urine is voided the worſe, becauſe the drink runs not to the Reins, but to the Belly. It is a very hopefull ſigne, when the Patient voideth more Urine then he drinketh, and the belly grow leſſe. Impoſtumes or ſpots in the Legs of Hydropicall men, are for the moſt part forerunners of death. If a man who hath been cured of the Dropſie fall into the ſame againe, it is very dangerous; If a melancholly body have a Tympany, he ſeldome eſcapes; eſpecially if he piſſe by drops. If the Hydropicall perſon eate his meat and digeſt it well, and be not ſick after, have no cough nor pain, his tongue not rough nor thirſty: if he be in a naturall order without phyſick, and medicines work eaſily with him; if he be not faint, and his Urine change according to his Diet, he may eaſily be cured.

For the cure, you muſt conſider if the diſeaſe hath its originall from obſtructions, Tumors, &c: And ſeek the beginning of your cure out of their proper Chapters. Afterwards you muſt labour to evacuate the matter, whether it be in the Abdomen or whole body, firſt make an Apozem thus: Take of the roots of Parſly, Smallage, Fennell, Elicampane, Bruſcus, Danewort, and Madder, of each one ounce: The Leaves of Agrimony, Wormwood, Maidenhaire, the tops of St. Johns wort, and Century, of each one handfull: the inward bark of the roots of Capers, Aſh and Tamarisk, of each four drachms: Liquoriſh, one ounce: the ſeeds of Fennell, Parſly and Juniper berryes, of each half an ounce: the flowers of Broom, Beans and Elder, of each, one pugill: Julep roots, two drachms: boile them in a ſufficient quantity of water, wherein ſteel hath been quenched, to a pint and an half: ſtrain it, and add to the Liquor, one ounce of Senna, cover it and let it infuſe ſix houres, ſtrain it and diſſolve therein of the ſyrup of Harts-tongue one ounce: and the ſyrup of Succory, with Rubarb three ounces: Clarifie it with the whites of Eggs, and aromatize it with two drachms of Cinnamon, or yellow Sanders; give it four mornings. Afterwards once a week give this pouder; Take of Senna, Jallap, Mechoacah, Turbith, Gum, and Hermodacts, of each one drachm: Cream of Tartar, and Salt of Wormwood, of each two drachms: Cambugia half a drachm: Diamher, Diarrhodon abbatis, and Fennell ſeeds, of each two ſcruples: make a fine ponder, and infuſe one drachm in a quarter of a point of White-wine all night, and let the Patient take it in the morning. Of theſe and ſuch like may be prepared medicines of all formes. Some commend the juyce of flowerdeluce roots, taken with hony or manna, the doſe is three ounces, and Platerus in his Obſervations doth highly extoll it. Chimiſts do much commend the extract of black Hellebore, Mercurius vitae and Diaphoreticus, Mercurius dulcis, antimonium Diaphoreticum, and ſuch like: but let the phyſitian beware how he gives medicines of this nature, except his Patient be ſtrong; the like caution let him obſerve in giving of purging medicines, eſpecially ſuch as purge with violence. But rather let him (if his Patient be weake) give diſcuſſive and Diuretick Cliſters, thus. Take of Mallows, Marſh-Mallows, Chamomell, pellitory of the wall, and Mercury, of each one handfull: the ſeeds of Annis, Sweet Fennell, Caraway, Dill, and Bay-berryes, of each two drachms: the flowers of Broom and Melilot, of each one pugil: boyle them in Poſſet drink or Mutton broath to a pint, diſſolve in the ſtrained liquor, of Oyle, of Camomell, Dill and Rue, of each one ounce: Diacatholicon (or Diaphaenicon) of each one ounce: (and if you ſee good, add half an ounce of Benedicta Laxativa) and make a Clister: you muſt principally give ſuch medicines which purge by Urine: the ſteeled-wine preſcribed in the 55. chap. is very good; in the preparing of it, you may add (if you ſee occaſion) any of the aforementioned ingredients, which provoke Urine. The Spirit of Vitrioll, Tartar and Salt is much commended, if it be adminiſtred in ſome Diuretick decoction. The ſalt of Wormword and Juniper profiteth much. Or you may make a Lee of the Aſhes of Juniper and White-Wine, giving five or ſix ounces thereof, which Lee alone hath cured ſome Dropſies ſaith Mathiolus; the ſame I have known my ſelf. Bleeding is prohibited, and upon good grounds too, unleſſe the diſeaſe come from ſtoppage of the Termes or Hemorrhoids, bleed not then, unleſſe it be in the beginning of the diſeaſe, and the Liver in its naturall condition. Iſſues, Bliſters, and Scarifications are likewiſe forbidden, becauſe they gangren for the moſt part: yet in the beginning of a Dropſie, the lower parts being exceedingly ſwelled, I made an Iſſue in the Leg, out of which an incredible quantity of water iſſued, and the Patient perfectly cured. Among Evacuations, Sweatings are not the leaſt profitable, eſpecially in Anaſarca; but in Aſcites and Tympanites the Liver being dry, beſides the difficulty of procuring it, it rather hurteth then profiteth. All the time of the cure forget not to ſtrengthen the Liver, that you may hinder the encreaſe of water, as well as purge it; have recourſe to the 55, Chapter of the Obſtruction of the Liver. Hollerius commendeth this opiate: Take of Currance cleanſed, half a pound: boyle them in Sack till they be as thick as a pultis, heat and ſtrain them, then add of the Conſerve of Roſemary flowers, Citron peels Candied, and Cinnamon, of each one drachm: the pouder Aromaticum Roſatum Diamargariton, Calidum, and Diacinamon, of each two ſcruples: Lignum Aloes, half a drachm: Saffron half a ſcruple, mix them and make a ſoft Electuary. Then make a fomentation for the belly with theſe, or hearbs of the like nature: Agrimony Danewort, Chamomell, Calamint, Elder, Mallows, & Marſh-Mallowes, Marjerom, Melilot, Broom, Pennyroyall, Rue, Snakweed, Southern wood, Tamarisk, Wormwood, and the like, the ſeeds of Parſly, Dill, Cummin, Fennell, Bay, and Juniper berryes: foment the belly with ſpunges dipt in the decoction of theſe, or lay the hearbs themſelves in a bag hot to the belly: Afterwards, anoynt the belly with the oyle of Dill, Chamomell, Rue, Flowerdeluce, and the like. Or you may make Unguents, Cataplaſms, or Emplaſters. This harmleſſe Cataplaſm I have found profit much: Take of Wormwood, Chamomell, Mayweed and Danewort of each two handfulls, bruiſe them in a ſtone morter, then boyle them in Vinegar and Hony, then with Bean and Barly meale, and Cow-dung dryed, of each a like quantity make a Cataplaſm. Galen commendeth a Cataplaſm of Snailes, bruiſed with their ſhells, and layd upon the Navell, and there keep it till it falls off of its own accord. Radiſhes bruiſed and laid to the Belly and Reynes, worketh by ſtoole and Urine. To conclude, If the body be ſtrong, you may uſe ſtrong purgers in your Cataplaſms, but if the body be weak forbeare. In Anaſarca you may often and ſtrongly purge watry, and flegmatick humors: In Aſcites and Tympanites more ſeldome and gentle. In Aſcites, order your internall and externall medicines principally to purge water: in Tympanites let them be Carminative and diſcuſſive. In every of them have a ſpeciall reſpect to the Liver; and if it be too hot (as it ſomtimes happeneth) give cold things mixed with warm openers; Let their meat be of the dryeſt, and let them ſhun ſweet-meats as a Plague. For drink let them abſtaine from it as much as can be, and drink none but what is made with Wormwood, Tamarisk, Elecampane, Juniper, &c: or let them only hold it in the mouth to coole and aſſwage their thirſt, let them chew Maſtick, for it draweth water from the Stomack.

CHAP. LVIII. Of the Obſtruction, Inflammation, and Tumor of the Spleen.

THe Spleen is ſubject to Obſtruction as well as the L ver, or rather more; becauſe it draweth cruder blood: when thick humors ſtick in the ſubſtance of the Spleen, it maketh an inflammation and Tumor. If the humors grow thick and hard, it breeds a Scirrhus. If the Tumor be phlegmatick, it is called Oedma, which chanceth to them, who live upon cold and moyſt food, or live in a moyſt ayre. But if it be ſoft; looſe & puffed up, it is called an inflammation or puffing of the Spleen, The cauſes of the Obſtruction, Inflammation, & tumour of the Spleen, are the ſame with them of the Liver: Sometimes the affect ſeizeth on both together.

They are diſtinguiſhed by their Signes: the Obſtruction of the Spleen is diſtinguiſhed from the Obſtruction of the Liver, by the ſcituation of the part. If the Spleen be obſtructed, there is heavineſſe and pain in the left Hypochondrion, eſpecially after running, riding, or any more than ordinary exerciſe; if you handle the hypochondrion there is reſiſtance, the face is blewiſh, and Signes of melancholly appeare, the diſeaſe is of long continuance, and if it be not ſpeedily cured, it turnes to a Scirrhus. The cure is performed the ſame way, as the Obſtruction of the Liver is; only you muſt add things, which particularly reſpect the Spleen, and purge the Melancholly humor.

The inflammation of the Spleen likewiſe hath the ſame conjunct and antecedent cauſe, only it is eſpecially cauſed by Melancholly Blood. The Diagnoſtick Signes are different, viz: the Patient hath ſwelling, pain, heavineſſe, and beating on the left ſide under the ribs, thirſt, blackneſſe of the tongue, loathing of meat, a conſtant fever, troubleſome lying on either ſide, eſpecially the right, ſomtimes the Tumor is in the ſhape of the Spleen: Somtimes fills the left Hypochondrion, and if the adjacent parts be inflamed alſo, it extendeth below the Navell. If only Melancholly blood cauſe the inflammation, the Tumor is harder, the colour black, and many times the Urine: If choler be mixed with melancholly blood, the thirſt is greater, the Fever ſtronger, and worſe every third day; the mouth bitter, and the Urine red: great want of ſleep and doting. If phlegme be mixed, the former ſymptomes are leſſened.

The Prognoſtick is the ſame with the inflammation of the Liver, only it is leſſe dangerous, for as much as the Liver is the nobler part If it endeth not in Death, it endeth by ſome criticall Evacuation, as by Stoole, Urine or Bleeding at the left Noſtrill, or elſe it grows hard, and turnes to a Schirrhus. Which may be known by the cauſes and ſignes laid down in the Chapter of the Schirrhus, of the Liver; only it appeareth on the contrary ſide. The cure of this and the former may be performed by the medicines, laid down in the Chapters of the inflammation, obſtruction, and Schirrhus of the Liver, only make uſe of ſome things that eſpecially reſpect the Spleen, and purge melancholly, as I hinted before.

Somtimes the Spleen is much pained by wind, which ſtretcheth the Spleen and its membranes, but is without fever or hardneſſe. It is eaſily diſtinguiſhed from the former griefs, but hardly from the Chollick, by reaſon of the neerneſſe of the Gut Colon: but you may diſtinguiſh them thus: the pain of the Spleen is weighty and in one place: but of the Chollick is ſtretching, ſharp, moveable, and runs over the whole Belly. The Cure muſt be wrought by Medicines carminative, emollient, and diſcuſſive, given internally, or Cliſters of the ſame Nature, with Fomentations and Liniments, made of the Oyls of Wormwood, Lillyes, Camomell, Capers, and ſuch like, adding a little of the Oyl of Spike: and, if the pain ceaſe not, ſome commend the Application of a Cupping-Glaſſe; but be well adviſed firſt, whether there be no Defluxion or Inflammation.

CHAP. LX. Of Hypocondriack Melancholy.

THis Diſeaſe hath its Originall from melancholly and aduſt Humours, which are bred by the Diſtemper of the Spleen, or Stomach, which, by reaſon of of their Crudity, ſtay long in the Veins, Arteries, and other Paſſages, which cauſe great and grievous Fermentations or Workings, from whence noiſome Vapours aſcend to the Brain, Heart, and Midriff, which cauſe divers Symptoms, which I ſhall mention hereafter. The antecedent Cauſes are, all Meats of evill Juyce, and of hard Digeſtion; long continued Paſſions and Sadneſſe, becauſe they diſperſe the Spirits, and hinder Concoction, and cauſe Credityes, which being burnt by Heat, turn to Melancholy. Much Study, Watching, and want of Excerciſe may be the Cauſe by reaſon of much Retention of Excrements; hence it is, that learned men, and ſuch who ſit much, are troubled with this Diſeaſe. The Stoppage of the Terms or Haemorrhoids may be the Cauſe.

The Diagnoſtick Signs of this Diſeaſe are many, according to the parts affected: Sometimes the Patient ſpitteth or vomiteth much, becauſe the Stomach concocteth ill, and turneth the Nouriſhment into watry, ſharp, ſowr, or clammy Subſtance, which not being drawn away by the Guts, ly in the Stomach, and ſometimes diſcharge themſelves as aforeſaid. Sometimes the boiling of theſe Humours in the Stomach cauſeth flaruous Vapours, which ſtretch the Stomach and afflict the Heart, and cauſe Swooning: Theſe Vapours cauſe a Noiſe beneath the Ribs, hence it hath been called the windy Diſeaſe. Sometimes the Wind reacheth to the Kidneys, and cauſeth great Pain there, which maketh the Patient think he hath the Stone. He is often coſtive, becauſe the clammy Humours (bred by evill Concoction) ſtick to the Guts: ſometimes the Sharpneſſe of the Humours cauſeth the Belly to be ſoluble. There is great Heat in the Hypocondria, ſo that the Face will grow red and hot from thoſe Vapours. Sometimes the Urine is thin, becauſe thick and tartarous Humours ſtop the Paſſages: ſometimes thick, red, and troubled, and hath a thick tartarous Sediment, and ſometimes ſtick to the bottom of the Urin all like Sand, which cauſeth a Suſpition of the Stone, but this diſſolves between the Fingers like Salt, and that which is bred in the Reins is hard. The Vapours aſcending produce many Symptomes, as, Palpitation of the Heart, a diſtempered Pulſe; if they aſcend to the Tongue and Pallat, it cauſeth great Thirſt: if to the Lungs, difficulty of the Breathing: if to the Membranes of the Brain, Head ach: if to the Brain it ſelf, Dimneſſe of ſight, Noiſe in the Ears, Giddineſſe, Fear, and melancholy Phantaſies; if they be very ſharp, they ſometimes cauſe the Falling-Sickneſſe, and if they ſettle in the Nervs, Convulſion: if they be ſtupifying, they cauſe Numbneſſe, the Palſy, Apoplexy, &c: If the Vapours be hot and dry, they dry the Brain, and cauſe Watchings, troubleſom Sleep, and frightfull Dreams. Note that all theſe Symptoms are not to be expected in one and the ſame Patient, but more or fewer according to the variety of the peccant Humours.

Prognoſticks are: A continual Pain and Giddineſſe of the Head in a Hypocondry, doth threaten an Epilepſy, Apoplexy, or Blindneſſe, and the like. Thick Urine is better then thin, for thin Urine is a Sign that thick Humours are detained in the Body. Vomiting, Flux of the Belly, or Haemorrhoids, if it be moderate, and continue not long, is a hopefull Sign, judge the contrary if it continue long. For the moſt part, this Diſeaſe is of long continuance, and ſeldom cured, therefore it hath been called the Scourge and Diſgrace of Phyſitians.

The Cure of this Diſeaſe conſiſteth in four things, Firſt, in opening Obſtructions: Secondly, in amending the Diſtempers of the Bowells: Thirdly, in evacuating the peccant Humours: and, Laſtly, in ſtrengthning the affected and vitall parts. But, to forbear Tediouſneſſe, and to avoid needleſſe Reperitions, I refer you to the Chapters aforegoing, eſpecially, Of the Obſtruction of the Liver and Spleen. Take this general Rule, keep the Body alwayes ſoluble, by Medicines which the Parient may uſe before Meat, changing them often; as often as need ſhall require let the Patient be purged, let him make uſe of Broths, Decoctions, and Drinks that have a Faculty to open Obſtructions; as the Juyce of Wormwood, or Wormwood-Wine, adding thereto Tamarisk, Agrimony, Borrage, and Bugloſſe, Burnet, Sanders, Roſemary Flowers, and the like. Montanus much commendeth Venice Turpentine; becauſe it looſeneth the Belly, cleanſeth and warmeth the Stomach: provoketh Urine: openeth the Obſtructions of the Liver, cleanſeth, and doth not heat it. Steel-Wine, and other Medicines made of Steel, which you may find in the Chapter Of the Obſtruction of the Liver, powerfully openeth Obſtructions, eſpecially the Extract of Steel, in the Adminiſtration of which, I have found more then ordinary Succeſſe: but let Medicines of this Nature be adminiſtred by a skilfull and carefull Phyſitian. The Decoction or Infuſion of Lignum Nephriticum doth open Obſtructions ſafely and pleaſantly. And ſome do much commend the Decoction of the Root of ſweet Bryar for the Patient's ordinary drink. Whilſt you uſe internall Medicines, Externalls are not to be neglected, viz. Fomentations, Oyntments, &c. ſuch as are preſcribed for the Obſtruction of the Liver and Spleen; chooſe the cooleſt of them and apply them to the Hypocondria. And, becauſe in this Diſeaſe the Stomach alwayes ſuffereth, ſeek the Remedy in its proper place. Or if the Vapours aſcending from the Hypochondria, trouble the Heart or Brain, and cauſe Swooning, Palpitation, Trembling, Convulſions, Head-ach, or the like, have recourſe to the Chapters preceding, which treat of thoſe Diſeaſes.

CHAP. LXI. Of the Scurvy.

THe Scurvy is nothing elſe but an Hypocondriack Diſeaſe, but having a peculiar degree of Malignity, ariſing from the Putrefaction of Melancholy, it hath more Symptomes then in the Hypocondriack Diſeaſe.

Diag: All the Symptoms mentioned in the foregoing Chapter, are common to the Scurvy. Peculiar Symptoms are theſe, Redneſſe, Itching, Putrefaction, Bleeding and Stinking of the Gums, Mouth, and Teeth, which are alſo (ſometimes) black and looſe. Spots in the Legs, firſt red, afterwards purple, black or blew. Straitneſſe of the Breaſt and Shortneſſe of Breath, occaſioned by thick Vapours, ariſing from the Hypocondria to the Midriff, or to the Sweet-Bread, cauſing a Swelling or Tumor, and conſequently compreſſing the Diaphragma. The Body is heavy and lazy, eſpecially the Legs, and grievous pain there and in other parts, as in the Toes, Fingers, Soals of the Feet, Ancles, Thighs, Belly, Arms, Shoulders, and the like. The Urine is various, as in the Hypocondriack Melancholy. The Pulſe is weak and unequall. Some have the head-Ach, and a ſeavouriſh Heat in the Night, which vaniſheth by a Morning Sweat. Some have tho Tooth-Ach without manifeſt Cauſe. Sometimes the Vapours aſcending (being aſtringent) contract the Gullet, and the Patient feareth ſtrangling. A ſtinking Breath is common to Scorbutick perſons. Tumors in divers parts, ſometimes hard, ſometimes ſoft like Bladders, and ſometimes like the ſtinging of Nettles. And laſtly, an Atrophy, Conſumption and generall decay of the whole Body.

That I may more perfectly diſcover the Symptoms of this Diſeaſe, I ſhall here lay down ſome other, which are common to other Diſeaſes, and ſhew you how to diſtinguiſh them. Sometimes the Scurvy cauſeth pains in the Joynts, which muſt be diſtinguiſhed from the pains cauſed by the French Pox thus: In the French Pox, the pains are between the Joynts, and by long continuance cauſe Knots there: the Symptoms of the Pox appear, as Running of the Reins, Bubo, &c. or the Patient hath acted with ſome unclean woman. But in the Scurvy, ſome of the preceding Symptoms appear, or at leaſt the Patient is of a melancholy Conſtitution. This muſt be diſtinguiſhed alſo from the Arthritis or Joynt-Gout, which is fixed, or at leaſt ſeldome changeth the place; but in the Scurvy it is very moveable, running from one Joynt to another, and ſometimes for a while vaniſheth. In the ſame manner is the baſtard-Palſy (which the Scurvy cauſeth) diſtinguiſhed from a true one, which is conſtant; but in the Scorbaticall Palſy, he that one day could not walke or ſtand at all, can the next day walk with little or no help. Sometimes it cauſeth a Flux of the Belly like a Diarrhoea, but differeth from it in this, that the Excrements are thicker then in the former, and in greater Quantity, exceeding the Quantity of the Meat taken. Sometimes the Excrements are mixed with Blood, but differeth from the Dyſentery, becauſe there is no pain of the Belly, and the Blood is thick, ſent thither by the Meſeraick Veins. Sometimes the Scorbatick pains are in the ſides imitating the Pleuriſy, but is much different; becauſe the Feaver (if any) is weaker; there is no difficulty of Breathing, no Cough, Spitting, nor conſtant pain. Laſtly, you muſt diſtinguiſh theſe pains from the pains of the Stone: for the Urine is ſometimes red, like Blood, as if the Kidneys were wounded by the Stone, and ſometimes black, both which come from a ſcurvy ſalt Matter in the Spleen, or Parts adjacent.

Prog: This Diſeaſe is very hard to be cured, becauſe the Melancholy Humour is ſo farr predominant. Many times it is very dangerous, becauſe it bringeth the Dropſy, Conſumption, &c. And ſometimes acute Diſeaſes, as the Apoplexy, Swoonings, and the like, which produce ſudden deaths.

In the Cure of the Scurvy, you muſt follow the Method preſcribed in the Cure of Obſtruction of the Liver and Spleen, beginning with the weakeſt firſt; with which, you muſt make uſe of ſpecificall Medicines for the Scurvy; of which, the chief are, Dutch and Sea Scurvy-graſſe, Water Creſſes, Brook-Lime, Horſe-Radiſhes, Fumitory, Wormwood, Celandine the leſſe, &c. Thoſe which are of leſſe Efficacy, and have a Faculty to correct and prepare the melancholy Humour, are theſe which follow, Agrimony, Aſarum, Bettony, Borrage, Bugloſſe, Carduus, Ceterach, Elicampane, Germander, Hyſſop, Maidenhair of all ſorts, Polypody of the Oak; the Bark of Aſh, Capers, and Tamarisk; the Flowers of Elder, Dodder of Time, and Tamarisk. Obſerve this general Rule, if the Patient be feavouriſh or ſubject to heats, you muſt give the hotteſt of them in a ſmaller Quantity; and add Endive, Sorrel, Succory; the Juyce of Citrons, Lemmons, and Orenges: and the Spirit of Sulphur and Vitriol. Of theſe and ſuch like, may ſeveral ſorts of Medicines be formed, which (for Brevity ſake) I omit.

CHAP. LXII. Of the Stone in the Kidneys.

THe material Cauſe of the Stone in the Kidneys, is a phlegmatick, feculent, thick, ſlimy, and tartarous Humour in the Urine: the efficient Cauſe is Heat, which drieth and hardneth the Matter, and at length turneth it into a Stone; this is the Opinion of Hippocrates and Galen, and moſt modern Phyſitians. The Hermetick Phyſitians have found a certain Juyce, which they call Succus Lapidiſcens, which is a certain Humour, naturally proper to turn to a Stone, and this they ſay is the material Cauſe of the Stone: and the efficient Cauſe to be Spiritus Lapidiſcens, a ſtonemaking Spirit. So that if a man eat or drink any thing wherein the Stony Juyce is, that Juyce is turned into a Stone, if the Reins have a Stone-making Spirit. But if the Reins be free from this Spirit, a Stone is not bred, unleſſe the ſtony-Juyce be very predominate: on the contrary, if the Reins have this ſtony Faculty, and the Food be free from this Juyce, the Stone is ſcarcely engendered, unleſſe the ſtone-making Faculty be very predominate. Many Hiſtoryes ſhew that Stones come from a ſtone-making ſpirit, or Breath out of the Earth, which hath turned the Bodyes of Men, Beaſts, and other things into Stone: Riverius upon this Subject (in his laſt Edition) quoteth Aventius Annal. Bavar. lib. 7 An. 1343, who ſaith, that above fifty men, with many Cows, were turned into Stone. Ortellius tells the ſame ſtory of whole heards in Ruſſia. And Camerarius reporteth, that in the Province of Chilo in Armenia, at the blaſt of a South Wind (which happeneth four times in a year) whole Troops of horſe have been turned into Statues of ſtone, ſtanding in the warlick poſture in which they were before. The Antecedent Cauſes are many, The Stomach being not able to concoct well, ſendeth a crude Chyle to the Liver; A hot Liver doth bake the chylous Matter; or a cold Liver maketh crude Blood: the Spleen weak or obſtructed, doth not ſufficiently purge the droſſy Blood; theſe do cauſe even the Blood, or crude Juyces fit to make a Stone. Likewiſe the Reins, beſides their conjunct Cauſe, may be an Antecedent Cauſe in two reſpects, viz. their Temper and Form: Firſt, their Temper being hot doth violently draw the crude Matter and thicken it. In reſpect of their Form, the emulgent Veins may be looſe, and fit to receive the tartarous Matter into the Reins; and the Ureters ſo narrow that the thick Matter hath not paſſage from the Kidneys. Laſtly, all Food that produceth crude, thick, and ſlimy Nouriſhment, doth afford Matter for the Stone, as Fleſh or Fiſh that is very ſalt or dryed in the ſmoak, Pulſe, Cheeſe, and all Milk-Meats, hard Eggs, Cheſnuts, Pears, Quinces, Medlars, Rice, Wine thick and not well purged, ſtanding Waters; all things which make the Liver and Reins too hot; as old ſtrong Wine, Garlick, Onions, Pepper, and Ginger; too ſtrong Diureticks, which carry crude Matter too violently to the Reins: violent Excerciſe after Meat, inordinate Lechery; too much Fulneſſe or Emptineſſe, and the like.

The Signs of the Stone of the Kidneys are many viz. a conſtant pain about the Loyns; whilſt it is in the hollow of the Kidneys, the pain is heavy, when it gets into the head of the Ureters, ſharp and pricking, and ſo continueth, unleſſe it get back again, or fall into the Cavity of the Bladder. The Urine is ſometimes bloody by reaſon of the opening, Corroſion of the Veins, or cutting of the tender Fleſh of the Kidneys; ſometimes it is thin and little in Quantity. Voiding of Sand and Stones is an evident ſign of the Stone, but if the Patient voideth Gravell without ſtones, be not too haſty in your Judgment, but take the Caution given you in the 60 Chapter Of the Hypocondriack Melancholy. The Thigh, on the ſame ſide the Back is pained, becometh numb; becauſe the Stone doth oppreſſe the Nerve, which is in the Muſcles of the Loyns under the Reins, and goeth to the Hip for its Motion. The Sick loatheth, and vomiteth often, by reaſon of the Connexion of the Kidneys with the Stomach; the Stomach (ſympathetically ſenſible) endeavoureth to exclude that hurtful companion. Be ſure you make a diſtinction between the Stone in the Kidneys, and the Chollick; have recourſe to the 43 Chapter, where I have left a few Rules.

This Diſeaſe is very dangerous, and bringeth many and ſad Symptoms, as Inflammations, Exulcerations, great Pains, long Watchings, Weakneſſe, Feavers, Suppreſſion of Urine, and Death it ſelf. It is difficult to cure (if not incurable) in old men, ſaith Hippocrates, with whom Experience agreeth. If the pain hath continued long and violent, and the Sick grow externally cold, with cold and faint Sweats, Death is at hand. If the Stone be accompanied with an Ulcer of the Kidneys it is incurable, becauſe thoſe things which do break the Stone, do exaſperate the Ulcer.

The Cure of the Stone in the Kidneys conſiſteth in mollifying, enlarging, or relaxing, and throwing the Stone out of the Ureters, to break the Stone if it be too big for the Paſſage; to take away the antecedent Cauſe and to eaſe pain, which you muſt do thus: firſt, open the Liver-Vein on the ſame ſide, that is moſt grieved: draw as much Blood as the Conſtitution of the Patient can well ſpare. Then adminiſter a mollifying and laxative Cliſter: Take of Common and Marſh-Mallows, Camomill, Penny-royall, Pellitory of the Wall, and Violet Leavs, of each, one handfull: the Seeds of ſweet Fennell, Flax, and Faenugreek; of each, half an Ounce: boil it in Poſſet-drink to a Pint, ſtrain it, and diſſolve therein Caſſia, Catholicon, and Diaphaenicon, of each, three Drachms: the Oyls of Rue and Scorpions, of each, one Ounce: make a Clister and administer it. Likewiſe the Oyls of ſweet-Almonds, Camomill, Dill, Lillyes, and Violets are good to be uſed in Cliſters of this Nature. This Cliſter, or one of the ſame Nature, you muſt give twice or thrice in a week; and, in the dayes between, foment the Region of the Kidneys with a Fomentation made of the aforenamed ſimples, or others of the like Nature, which I ſhall treat of before I put an end to this Chapter. Afterwards anoint the part with the Oyls aforenamed. Or you may make a Cataplaſm of white Bread ſodden in white Wine, and if you add any of the aforeſaid Oyls it will be the better. Afterwards lay a Plaiſter to the place; Take of the Oyl of Camomill and Rue, of each, half an Ounce: of Dill and ſweet-Almonds, of each, two Drachms: Gooſe and Hens Greaſe, of each, one Drachm: with Wax, and the compound Melilot Plaiſter, as much as ſufficeth, make a Plaiſter and apply it. In the mean time, you muſt not forget inward Medicines, which have a Faculty to break the Stone, to eaſe pain, and mollify and enlarge the Ureters. The ſimples following are approved of, viz. the Roots of Aſparagus, Birthwort, Fennell, Butchers-Broom, Filipendula, Couch-graſſe Garden and Horſe-radiſh, Maddir, Marſh and common Mallows, Liquoriſh, Onions, Parſly, Knot-graſs: the Leavs of Bettony, Camomill, Penny-royall, Marſh-Mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Maiden-hair, Parſly peart, Filipendula, Saxifrage, Savin, Burnet, Goats-Thorne, Kidney-Wort, Melilot, Golden-Rod: the ſeeds of Nettles, Parſly, Gromwell, Burdock, Winter Cherryes, Bay, Ivy, and Juniper Berries, the four cold Seeds; the ſtones of Hips, Haws, Medlers, &c, Of theſe you may make Decoctions, Powders, or diſtilled Waters, and the like, the Deſcription of which (ſot brevity ſake) I will omit. Quercetanus, in his Diſpenſatory, commendeth this following Powder; Take of the inward skins of Hen's, Gizzards, and their white Dung, of each, half an Ounce: the inward skins of Egg ſhels dried and powdered, two Ounces and an half: Rupture-wort and Cinnamon, of each, four Scruples: the Stones of Medlars, two Drachms: the Seeds of Anniſe and Fennell, of each one Ounce: powder them, and give half a Drachm or a Drachm in white-Wine. Goats Blood prepared is excellent: and the Water diſtilled from it in Balneo Mariae doth wonders. And ſome do commend the Urine of a Goat, taken out whilſt he is alive, and drunk, and the Entrails applyed. Chymiſts do highly extoll their Salts, and Experience tells us that if they be well prepared and carefully adminiſtred, they work no ſmall effects: viz. the Salt of Bean Cods, or ſtalks of Camomill: Tartar vitriolate: Oyl of Vitriol; the Spirit of Salt: Mercurius Dulcis, &c. Zacutus Luſitanus commendeth the naturall Balſom, a few drops thereof, taken with Oyl of ſweet-Almonds. Crato had as good an Opinion of Filberts eaten, and confirms his opinion by Experience. Minerall Waters are good, for they do not onely diſſolve the ſlimy Tartarous Matter, which breeds the Stone; but alſo allayeth the hot Diſtemper of the Liver and Reins. Of all Diuretick Medicines, Turpetine is the ſafeſt, given the Quantity of a Nut with Sugar every Morning: for Diureticks taken very often (for the moſt part) hurt, by carrying the Humours from other parts to the Reins; but Turpetine ſeldom or never worketh any evill effect. You may uſe it thus: Take of Venice Turpetine, waſhed with Saxifrage Water, half an Ounce: Caſſia newly drawn, ſix Drachms: Ruharb and Liquoriſh in Powder, of each, half a Drachm; mix them and make a Bolus. To conclude, give Cliſters often, or, if you ſee it more convenient, purge the Body between your Diuretick Potions, for the reaſon before given: your beſt Purgations are Caſſia, Diaphaenicon, Rubarb, and ſuch like. If the Liver and Reins are diſtempered by Heat, make uſe of thoſe Medicines preſcribed againſt the hot Diſtemper of the Liver. If Crudities in the Stomach be the Cauſe ſeek Medicines out of the Chapters which treat of the Diſeaſes of the Stomach. If you do carefully conſider the Cauſe, or from what part of the Body the Reins fetch their ſtony Materials, and order your Medicines accordingly, with prudence and reaſon, by the bleſſing of God, you may find the Cure of the Stone not to be ſo difficult, as it is commonly adjudged. For my part, I have cured ſeveral people, who have been grievouſly vexed with this Grief: for which Mercy I do and ſhall praiſe God.

CHAP. LXIII. Of the Stone in the Bladder.

I Shall ſpeak nothing of the Cauſe of the Stone in the Bladder; the material and efficient Cauſe being the ſame with that of the Reins. This Diſeaſe happeneth to Children, oftner then to people of riper Age, who are more ſubject to the Stone in the Reins: becauſe Children, eating much and often, their Urine is thick, and the expulſive Faculty in the Reins is ſtronger in them then in men, and ſendeth the Urine ſpeedily to the Bladder; where (being long kept by reaſon of much ſleep or play) the Urine ſettleth, and is retained till it by Heat becometh a Stone, for the paſſage is narrow in Children, and the Urine not being very ſharp, doth not powerfully provoke the expulſive Faculty. Fernelius was of an Opinion that the Stone in the Bladder was alwayes firſt bred in the Reins, and falling from thence into the Bladder, and getting freſh Matter, there encreaſeth: Fern: Lib. 6 cap. 13. pag. 317. Many times it ſo happeneth: but daily Experience teacheth that many have the Stone in the Bladder, who never had pain in the Reins, eſpecially Children.

The Knowledg of this Diſeaſe in the beginning is difficult; but when the Stone is grown great is evident enough, to the Patient's ſorrow. The firſt ſign is pain in the Neck of the Bladder, reaching to the end of the yard, eſpecially after piſſing. The yard itcheth and the Patient handleth it often. He feeleth a great Weight about the Neck of the Bladder, when the Stone is grown great; the Urine ſuddenly ſtoppeth, and he is in pain, like a Woman in travel: his yard ſtandeth often, and he maketh Water with moſt eaſe lying upon his back, becauſe then the Stone falleth out of the Neck of the Bladder. When he hath need to make Water, he is alſo much provoked to goe to ſtool, by reaſon of the conſent of the Sphincter Muſcles of the Anus and Bladder, being moved by the Branches of the ſame Nerve. Many ſigns more I might inſert, but theſe I think ſufficient for the ingenious; To be fully ſatisfyed, the beſt way is to make uſe of the Catheter.

This Diſeaſe is alwayes exceeding painfull and no leſſe dangerous: if the Stone be like Flint it can never be diſſolved; if ſoft or brittle, it may be diſſolved by the long uſe of ſtrong Medicines: but ſew there are that have Patience enough to make uſe of ſo many Medicines. The Cure is not altogether ſo difficult in Women as in Men, becauſe the paſſage in them is wider. In the year 1656 I cured a Woman, who was a long time grieved with the Stone, and intended to venture upon the laſt and terrible Cure by Cutting; with in the ſpace of a Month, (having firſt diſſolved part of the Stone by Medicines) ſhe voided a Stone (without the help of manuall operation) in bigneſſe two Inches, in length an Inch and an half, without prejudice to the Uritery parts: ſhe was then aged 63, and is yet a live and luſty to praiſe God for ſo great a deliverance.

For to perfect the Cure, you muſt do as you are taught in the foregoing Chapter, ſo that I need not here repeat any thing, onely lay down the Medicine ſo much commended by Horatius Augenius; it is thus prepared: Take of Sows or Wood Lice prepared, a Drachm, or four Scruples: Aqua vitae, two Scruples: the Broth of red Cicers, nine or ten Ounces; take it in the Morning fasting. Sennertus alſo commends it, and this Medicine likewiſe, Take of Salt of white Tartar one Ounce: Parſly water, one Pint; mix them, and ſtrain them with a brown paper. If, after the uſe of Medicines, you find the Neck of the Bladder wounded, or much pained by the roughneſſe of the Stone, make a Decoction thus: Take of the Roots of Marſh Mallows, Fennel, Coughgraſſe, and Cammock, of each, one Ounce: Liquoriſh, two Drachms: Camomill and Saxifrage, of each, one Pugill: Winter Cherryes, twenty: Red Cicers, four Ounces: Raiſons of the Sun, two Ounces: the four great cold Seeds, a Drachm and an half: French Barly four Ounces: boil them gently in the diſtilled Water of Saxifrage, Cammock, and Parſly, of each, half a Pint; when it hath boiled a while, add half a Pint of white Wine, and let it boil till half be conſumed: to the ſtraining, add ſix Ounces of the Sirrup of Marſh-Mallows; drink three or four Ounces in the Morning. To the Region of the Bladder muſt be applyed mollifying and aſſwaging Fomentations. If all Medicines fail, and the Patient's pains unſupportable, Neceſſity requireth the dangerous Operation of Cutting. Let the Phyſitian prepare the Patient's body by Purging, Bleeding, and Diet, according to the Conſtitution and Condition of the Patient's Body; and let the Patient prepare his Soul for God.

CHAP. LXIV. Of the Inflammation of the Reins and Bladder.

THis Diſeaſe is a Tumor in thoſe parts, cauſed by the flowing of Blood or Choller unto them, The Cauſes of this Inflammation are natural, unnatural or preternatural. Natural, when there is a natural haereditary Infirmity in the parts, or great Heat originally, which violently draw the Humours thither. Cauſes not natural are, Gluttony, Drunkenneſſe, much Venery, great Paſſions of the mind, violent Excerciſe, Stoppage of ſome uſual Evacuation as the Terms or Haemorrhoids, all things which cauſe Repletion, or evill Concoction, and drive the Humours to the inward Bowels. Things preternatural may be the Cauſe, as a Stroak, Wound, or Bruiſe upon the Reins or Bladder; conſtant Feavers; the Matter of the Pleuriſy, or Empyema carried away by the Urine: Heat or Stoppage of the Urine, the Stone, or Exulceration of the part may cauſe an Inflammation.

The Inflammation of the Reins is known by thoſe Signes, a weighty and beating Pain about the part, which extendeth it ſelf to the adjacent parts, the Patient cannot help himſelf, nor ly otherwiſe then upon his back: If he doth ſneez or move his Body the pain encreaſeth, he hath a Numbneſſe in the Leg on the ſame ſide, he maketh Water with difficulty: he hath a conſtant ſharp Feaver, with Watchings, Dotings, and dangerous Symptomes: He vomiteth Choller, Phlegm, and other Humours; the Urine is, firſt, thin and yellow, afterwards, thick and red.

If the Bladder be inflamed, the Patient is vexed with a ſharp Feaver, Watching, Vomiting, &c. as aforeſaid. The Share becometh hard, and hath vehement pain, he hath (almoſt) continuall Provocation to go to Stool, as in the Diſeaſe Tenaſmus.

Prog: The Inflammation of theſe parts do threaten continual danger of Death. Convulſions, Dotage, Watchings, cold Sweats, are the Meſſengers of Death. If the Inflammation ſuppurate, and the Impoſthume break, and the Matter be evacuated by the Urine, there is hopes. If the Haemorrhoids bleed, there is hopes that the Inflammation will ceaſe.

You muſt begin the Cure with a mollifying and cooling Cliſter: to the Decoction for the Cliſter (preſcribed in the Chapter of the Stone in the Reins) add of Caſſia, and Diaprunes Lenitive, of each, half an Ounce: Sirrup of Violets one Ounce: the Oyl of Violets two ounces: make a Clister. Then open the Liver-Vein on the ſame ſide, the Inflammation is: If the Bladder be inflamed, open the Liver-Vein on the right Arm; draw as much Blood, as your Patient's Strength will bear. And if you open the inferior Veins, it is a good derivation. Then give the Cliſter again, and as often as need requireth? but remember to give it in a ſmall quantity, leaſt it oppreſſe the Tumor. Uſe Cupping and Scarifying; Frictions and Ligatures to the extream parts, to draw the Humours outwards. You muſt allay the Heat of the Blood by cooling Juleps, in which uſe no Diuretick Simple, leſt it carry Humours to the part and increaſe the Inflammation: in the declination of the Diſeaſe, Diuretick Medicines may be given, You may make a cooling Julep thus: Take of the diſtilled Water of Endive, Lettice, Plantane, and Purſlane, of each, four Ounces: Sirrup of Pomegranats, two Ounces: the Sirrup of Water-Lillyes, and Violets, of each, one Ounce: Oyl of Vitriol, as much as ſufficeth to give it a gratefull Reliſh: mix them for four Mornings and Evenings Draughts. Or you may make an Emulſion of the Seeds of Sorrel, Letrice, Purſlane, Poppy, Almonds, Pine-Nuts, and the like: The great cold Seeds are diuretick and muſt not be uſed in the beginning of the Diſeaſe, for the reaſon before given. Nor ought you at firſt to purge till the Declination, then you may profitably purge with Medicines which are gentle, as Manna, Caſſia, Rubarb, Tamarinds, Diaprunes lenitive, Sirrup of Roſes, &c. Outwardly you may apply Cataplaſms, Liniments, Unguents, that are cooling, repelling, and (if the Inflammation be in the Bladder) aſtringing: when the Defluxion is ſtopped uſe Softners and Diſſolvers. If the Strangury, or any other dangerous Symptome appear, converſe with their proper Chapters. If the Tumor tend to Suppuration, which you may know by the encreaſe of the Feaver and Symptomes, trembling and vomiting, you muſt help Nature with mollifying Cataplaſms, the Chapters of Inflammations of other parts will adviſe you. If the Tumor appear outwardly, you muſt open it with a Cautery, or Inciſion-knife. If it break, and the Matter fall into the Abdomen, it brings ſudden Death, or a Hectick Feaver. If the Tumor grow hard and the Feaver gone, it breeds the Dropſy, evill Habit, or ſome ſuch Diſeaſe, and is incurable, for the moſt part; you muſt deal with it as with the Schirrhus of the Liver.

CHAP. LXV. Of the Ulcer of the Reins and Bladder.

THis Diſeaſe is cauſed, either from an Impoſthume broken there; from Sharpneſſe of the Humours; or from a Stone which doth corrode them.

This Diſeaſe is known by the voiding of much Matter with the Urine. To know whether the Reins or the Bladder be diſeaſed, take a few Rules; If the Ulcer be in the Reins, the pain is there, the Matter is more concocted, more in quantity, and more mixed with the Urine, making it appear like Milk, which, ſtanding, ſettleth to the bottom; ſometimes much Blood is voided, and pieces of Fleſh, which ſometimes ſtops the Paſſage. When the Ulcer is in the Bladder, contrary Signes appear, the pain is neer the Privityes, the Matter is leſſe in Quantity, and not well concoct, but of divers Colours, and ſtinketh; ſometimes Matter is voided without Urine: If the Ulcer be old, callous and hard, ſnotty Phlegm is voided, ſuch as is voided, if there be a Stone in the Bladder; for the moſt part, little Skins, like Scales or Bran, are voided.

As all inward Vlcers are dangerous, ſo are theſe much more, becauſe the continuall Flux of Humours, with the Vrine, to the part, doth nouriſh the Vlcer. The Violence of the pain cauſeth Watchings and a Conſumption of the whole Body. If the Vicer be taken in time and the Patient yong, it may be cured, elſe not.

The Cure muſt be performed by evacuating the peccant Humours, by cleanſing, drying, and healing the Vlcer. You muſt parge the Humours, which flow to the part affected, with gentle Medicines, ſuch as are preſcribed in the Chapter aforegoing. If there be Repletion or Inflammation in the part, let Phlebotomy be uſed. Evacuate the Humours by gentle purgers, mentioned in the Chapter aforegoing. Mercuvius Dulcis doth cleanſe and heal the Vlcer. Turpentine is a good cleanſer. It is good for the Patient to vomit often. After due Evacuations, you muſt uſe cleanſers: as the Milk of Cows, Goats, or Aſſes, which are very good, and cleanſe with their wheyie part, and heal with their cheezie, but give it not in a Feaver. Let the Patient drink Water and Sugar, thin Hydromell, or Barly Water. In Hydromell, if there be a Feaver, boil the cold Seeds, Mallows, Liquoriſh, &c. Waters that ſpring from Allum and Iron Mines are good, for they correct the Heat, and cleanſe the Ulcer. The Decoction of China, Guajacum, Sarſaparilla, and the like, is good to dry up the Humours, to purge the crude Matter, in them that have the French Pox, and have no Feaver, nor Flux of Blood. But leſt the Bowels ſhould be inflamed, give cooling Broths at Night. After the uſe of cleanſers, (you may ſee, by the Vrine, when the Vlcer is cleanſed; viz. when it appeareth white and clean without any dreggy or filthy Matter,) then you muſt give aſtringing, glutinating, and healing Medicines. Take of Conſerve of Roſes, four Ounces: Bolearmenick, Terra Sigillata, red Coral, and Sanguis Draconis, of each, two Drachms: the Seeds of Lettice, Purſlane, and Plantane, of each, one Drachm; red Roſes, and Shavings of Ivory, of each, two Scruples: with Sirrup of Comphry, make an Opiate. Or you may make of it a Maſſe for Pills with Venice Turpentine, or (if that cauſe pain) with the Juyce of Liquoriſh. Chymiſts do much commend Antimonium Diaphoreticum, Mercurius Dulcis, & Diaphoreticus. To allay the vehemency of the pain, you muſt ſometimes mix Anodines with your Medicines, as Laudanum, the Sirrup of Poppyes, and the Emulſion of the cold Seeds. Outwardly foment the Region of the Kidneys, thus: Take of Camomil, Mallows, Melilot, Pellitory of the Wall, and Violets, of each, one Handfull: the Roots of Marſh-Mallows, and water-Lillyes, of each, two Ounces: the Seeds of Flax, Fenugreek, and Winter-Cherryes, of each, three Drachms: make a Decoction and foment the part. Then apply this Liniment: Take of the Oyl of Violets and Sweet Almonds, of each, one Ounce and an half: Oyl of Roſes, one Ounce: of the Muſilage made of the Seeds of Marſh-Mallows and Fenugreck, of each, two Ounces: Saffron, one Scruple; make a Liniment. If the Ulcer be in the Bladder, you muſt make an Injection twice in a day, with new Milk, Whey, Hydromel, or Barly Water with Hony of Roſes, to cleanſe; afterwards add Aſtringers and Driers, as the white Trochts of Rhaſis or of Gordonius: or boil in Whey or Barly-water, the Roots of Comphry, Allum, Mirth, Tragacanth, and the like.

CHAP. LXVI. Of extraordinary Piſſing.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Diabetes is a quick and plentifull making of Water, after which followeth violent Thirſt, and a waſting of the whole Body. The Cauſe of this Diſeaſe is a hot Diſtemper of the Reins, which draweth Water violently from the Veins, which cauſeth a great Thirſt after drink, which, as ſoon as it is taken, is carried to the Reins; where burthening the retentive Faculty and provoking the expulſive, it is ſoon ſent to the Bladder. Some attribute it to choletick, ſharp, and ſalt Humours in the Kidneys, which draw Water thither; as ſuch Humours, which ſtick to the Tunicles of the Stomach in Feavers, cauſe Thirſt. Others will not admit of this opinion, becauſe the Kidneys onely ſuffer in this Diſeaſe; and that Choller, and other burnt Humours, are firſt bred in the Liver. They ſay there is a venemous Quality bred in the Kidneys; Galen himſelf is of this opinion, that divers kinds of Poiſons may breed in the Body of Man. In Lybia there is a Serpent, called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Dipſacos (which name the Greeks give this Diſeaſe, from the unquenchable Thirſt, with which it is accompanied) which Serpent, if he biteth any man, infecteth him with ſuch a Poyſon, as begets an unquenchable Thirſt.

The Signes of this Diſeaſe are clear, from what hath been ſaid, viz. An unquenchable Thirſt, an extraordinary Piſſing, and voiding the Drink as ſoon (almoſt) as it is drunk; and a Decay of the whole Body.

This Diſeaſe is deadly, if it be not taken in the beginning, and the Patient yong, for it brings a Conſumption.

If you judge the Patient curable, you muſt labour to allay the hot Diſtemper of the Kidneys; to correct their poyſonous Quality; to thicken the Humours which flow to them, and to ſtrengthen them. Firſt, give mollifying and aſſwaging Cliſters, and purge, if you ſee occaſion, as you are taught in the Chapter Of the Inflammation of the Kidneys. Gentle Vomits do evacuate and draw the Humours from the Ureters. If nothing forbid, open a Vein in the Arm. To correct the Diſtemper and thicken the Humours, make a Julep, thus: Take of the diſtilled Water (or the Decoction) of Plantane, four Ounces: of Lettice, Poppy, and Purſlane, of each, two Ounces: the Sirrup of Myrtles, Comphry, and Quinces, of each, one Ounce: the Sirrup of Poppyes, half an Ounce: the Spirit of Vitriol, twenty Drops; mix them and make a Julep. If you will have a Medicine more aſtringent or binding, thus: Take of the Seeds of Plantane, Purſlane, and Coriander prepared, of each, one Ounce: the Flowers of red Roſes, Pomegranats, and yellow Mirabolans, of each, half an Ounce: Nutmegs, half a Drachm: Corall and Pearl prepared, burnt Harts Horn, Bolearmenick, and the Roots of Tormentill, of each, one Scruple; make them into Powder: Or, if you pleaſe, make them into a ſoft Electuary, with the Sirrup of Myrtles, Comphry, or Quinces. The Milk of Aſſes, Cows, Goats, or Sheep is good, eſpecially, if Flints be often quenched therein.

Sweating is a good Remedy, if it be provoked by outward means, or with China, Sarſa, and ſuch mild Medicines, for it drives the watry Humour outward: but beware of ſtrong Medicines, leaſt they purge by Urine, and encreaſe the Diſtemper. Outwardly foment the Loyns, with things which cool and bind; as the roots of Sorrel, Plantane; Pomegranate-peels; Sumath Seeds, &c. boiled in Vinegar; afterwards anoint with the Vnguent of Roſes, Sanders, and Comitiſſa.

CHAP. LXVII. Of involuntary Piſſing.

THis Diſeaſe conſiſteth in the hurting of the retentive Action of the Bladder. Some are ſubject to this Diſtemper, while they are awake, which is the worſt. Others are ſubject to it ſleeping onely, which is not ſo bad, becauſe then the animall Functions are leſſe excerciſed. There are two Cauſes of this Diſtemper; Firſt, the Weakneſſe and Looſeneſſe of the Sphincter Muſcle of the Bladder. Or Secondly, the exquiſite Senſe of the Bladder, and the Sharpneſſe of the Urine, (which ſtirreth up the expulſive Faculty) with conſent of the Will. The firſt Cauſe is apparent in ſucking Children, weak people, and ſuch whoſe vitall Heat is decayed, and the Body oppreſſed with cold and moiſt Humours. The other Cauſe you may diſcover in thoſe, whoſe Bladder nor Sphincter is no ways diſtempered, but they imagine (when the Quantity and Sharpneſſe of the Vrine ſtirreth up the expulſive Faculty) that they are piſſing againſt the Wall, and ſo get a cuſtome of it, which cannot be cured by Medicines. The Sphincter Muſcle may become weak or looſe, by Youth, old Age, decay of vitall Heat, by the Palſy; in Women, from Diſeaſes of the Womb, or hard Labour, cutting for the Stone, or any Wound there, or deep Vlcer.

This Diſeaſe is eaſily known, and the cauſe thereof is as eaſily diſcovered; if it come by Wound, Vlcer, old Age, or the like, it is apparent. If it come by conſent of other parts, the Diſeaſes of thoſe parts are obvious as the original: If neither of them appear, conſider the cold and moiſt Temper of the part, which is known by the internall and external cauſes, and the Effects upon them depending, as Softneſſe of the Body, Whiteneſſe, and Looſeneſſe of the Nervs about the privityes, Childhood, Age, evill phlegmatick Concoction, and ſuch like.

In old Men this Diſeaſe is incurable, becauſe the vitall Hant cannot be repaired. In Children Nature worketh the cure, when they grow elder, by drying up the ſuperfluous Humidity, and knitting the Muſcle; but if a man continue ſo till the Age of twenty or twenty five, he is incurable. If involuntary Piſſing come to a man ſick of an acute Feaver, Death is at hand.

If this Diſeaſe come by a Wound or Vlcer or any other manifeſt Diſeaſe, the cure depends upon the removing of them; otherwiſe the cure is wrought by amending the cold and moiſt Diſtemper and the Looſeneſſe of the Sphincter Muſcle. Firſt, you muſt purge the cold and phlegmatick Humours; add to your phlegm-Purgers ſuch Medicines, which purge and leav a binding Quality behind it, as Rubarb, Myrabolans, and the like. Then give Medicines that knit the part and dry the Humours: Take of the Roots of Comphry, and Cypreſſe, of each, half an Ounce: Cypreſſe-Nuts, and Myrtles dryed, of each, two Drachms: Coriander Seed prepared, red Corall, Amber, and Shavings of Ivory, of each, one Drachm: the Seeds of Plantane, Rue, and Acorn cups, of each, two Scruples: powder them, and with the Sirrup of Comphry, make an Opiate, and give the Quantity of a cheſnut Morning and Evening: or drink half a Drachm of the powder in red Wine. Sweating Medicines are much cōmended. Things proper for the cure of this Diſeaſe are, the Brain and Stones of a Hare burnt: the Throat of a Cock; Snails and Egg ſhells; Mice fryed or dryed to powder; Hogs Hoofs powdered; Agrimony and the Gizzards of Hens in powder. Apply Medicines to the Privityes, that are hot, ſtrengthning, and aſtringing. Let him drink the Decoction of the inward Bark of an Oak, of Sloes, and ſuch like; and let him avoid drink to bedward. You muſt allay the Symptomes which may accompany this Diſeaſe, as Feavers, Thirſt, Watchings, Conſumptions, &c. by the Remedies laid down in their proper chapters.

CHAP. LXVIII. Of the Stoppage of Urine and Strangury.

THe Stoppage of Urine, and the Strangury, are Diſeaſes, which differ onely in degree; the firſt is called by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; the other 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . Iſcuria is when the Urine is totally ſtopped: when little is voided then it is called Stranguria. The firſt is cauſed by an Obſtruction in the Nerv, which helpeth the expulſive Faculty of the Bladder, by the Palſy, or ſome ſleepy or ſtupifying Diſeaſe. A cold Diſtemper of the Bladder, dulling the Senſe thereof, may be the Cauſe. Sometimes an Inflammation or Tumor in the Muſcle of the Bladder may ſtop the Paſſage, the Stone, ſome thick humor, clod of Blood, or the like. Sometimes by long holding of Water, by which the Bladder is ſo ſtretched that it cannot contract it ſelf to open the Paſſage. Sometimes the Bladder is empty, & no Urine cometh to it, this is called a baſtard Iſcuria, and may be cauſed, by ſome hurt in the attractive or expulſive Faculty of the Roins. The attractive Faculty is hure by ſome Stoppage in the Reins, or emulgent Veins. The Reins may be obſtructed by the Stone, thick Phlegm, or the like; the emulgent Veins, by abundance of Blood or Water. Sometimes the watry humour is ſpent, as in Feavers; or ſent to ſome other part, as in the Dropſy; by which means the attractive Faculty of the Reins is hindered. The expulſive Faculty of the Reins is hindered by the Stone, Phlegm, or clods of Blood.

Diag: The Diſeaſe is eaſily known; the Cauſes thereof may be obtained. If it come by long holding the Urine, the Patient is able to inform you. If there be a ſtoppage in the part, the uſe of the Catheter or fearing Candle, and the ingenuity of the Artiſt, will diſcover the Nature of the ſtoppage. If the Paſſage be ſtopped by the Stone, the Symptoms of the Stone have gone before; If a Caruncle, there hath gone before a Gonorrhaea, or an Vlcerin the paſſage of the Yard. If clods of Blood ſtop the Paſſage, the Patient hath formerly voided Blood, and clotted Blood will ſtick to the Catheter.

The Strangury is thus known, there is neither Weight, Tumor, or Extenſion about the Privityes, but rather an Emptineſſe; the attractive or expulſive Faculty of the Reins is obſtructed as aforeſaid.

Prognoſticks are thus made; This Diſeaſe is ever dangerous, if it continue above ſeven dayes it is deadly. The ſame judge, if the Patient hath Hiccough or Tenaſmus accompanying this Diſeaſe: or if it came by a Wound or Blow upon the back-bone; or if his Breath ſtink of Piſſe. The Cure of both theſe conſiſteth in removing the Cauſes. If it proceed from the fullneſſe of the emulgent Veins, bleeding is good: if from Diſeaſes of the Reins or Ureters, ſeek the Cure out of the Chapters, that treat of the Pain, Inflammation, or Stone in the Kidneys. If it depend upon the Inflammation of the Bladder, ſee the 64 Chapter. If upon the Stone faſtned in the Neck of the Bladder, lay the Patient upon his back, with his Thighs lifted up, move him hither and thither till the Stone fall out of the Paſſage; if that will not do, make uſe of the Catheter. If the Stone lyeth in the Paſſage of the Yard, bathe the Yard in warm Milk or Oyl, & labour to get it out with your fingers: if it will not come out; bind the Yard on each ſide, and make an Inciſion on the upper ſide of the Yard. If a Caruncle ſtop the Paſſage; Medicines, which are proper to take it away, muſt be conveyed to the part with a Wax-Candle. If Phlegm obſtruct, purge it with Medicines convenient, and when you ſee occaſion, give ſuch as provoke Urine. The Chapters of the Stone of the Bladder or Kidneys will direct you how to prepare them, as alſo Cliſters, Fomentations, Unguents, and the like.

CHAP. LXIX. Of the Scalding of the Urine.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Dyſuria in Greek is a Diſeaſe which modern Writers call, Scalding of the Urine: it differs from Stranguria in this, that more Water is made, and with farr more pain. Any thing that can wound the Sphincter-Muſcle, or paſſage of the Bladder, may be the Cauſe. The uſuall Cauſe is either a mixture of ſharp Humours with the Urine, or ſometimes, the ſharpneſſe of the Urine, cauſed by the eating of hot and ſharp Meats, or by the hot Diſtemper of the Bowels, Liver, or other parts: or from evill Concoction in the Stomach or Liver, by which the Blood is not freed from ſalt and tartarous Humours, which, being ſucked to the Kidneys, is ſent to the Bladder, & cauſeth pain. Filthy Matter, comming from an Ulcer in the Reins or Bladder, may be the Cauſe; he who is troubled with a Gonorrhaea or Running of the Reins, is ſeldom free from ſcalding Urine. To conclude, the Stone or large Gravel may be the Cauſe.

The Knowledge of this Diſeaſe is evident, the Signes of the Cauſes are eaſily gathered. If it be cauſed by the Stone, Inflammation, or Gonorrhaea, it is known by their proper Signes. If from ſharpneſſe of Urine, by the mixture of Humours, the Urine will be thin, and high coloured; or in it will appear a mixture of Choller, Phlegm, or Matter; the Patient hath eaten hot things, or elſe hath ſome hot Diſtemper.

This Diſeaſe is not very dangerous, unleſſe it continue long, and ulcerateth the Neck of the Bladder: Sometimes it is hard to be cured, eſpecially, if the Patient be old.

The Cure muſt be wrought by taking away the Cauſe: If a mixture of ſharp Humours make the Vrine ſharp, firſt make uſe of Phlebotomy, which is good to correct the hot Diſtemper of the Liver and other parts, make uſe of this Evacuation as often as the Patient's Conſtitution will bear, and the Diſtemper require; then, to derive it from the part affected, open the lower Veins. Then purge with Caſſia, Manna, Rubarb, Mirabolans, Tamarinds, and ſuch things, which purge gently: if you give it with the Decoction of Plantane, Mallows, Lettice, Purſlane, and the like, it will be the better. A gentle Vomit is much commended as a good Revulſion. Cooling Cliſters are good. Inwardly the Whey of Goats milk, or Mineral Waters that cool, are good for ordinary drink. Or this Julep: Take of the Roots of Marſh and common Mallows, of each, one Ounce: Lettice, Endive, Purſlane and Violet Leavs, of each, one Handfull: Jujubes and Sebestens, of each one Ounce: of the four great cold Seeds, a Drachm: the flowers of Violets, Roſes, and water-Lillyes, of each, one Pugil: boil them in Spring Water to a Pint and an half; ſtrain it, and add of Jujubes, Violets, and Poppyes, of each, one Ounce and an half; Oyl of Vitriol, twenty Drops: make a Julep for four Doſes, to be taken Morning and Evening. If there be no Feaver, give Milk by it ſelf. The Troches of Winter Cherryes is good. If the pain be very great, let the Patient, when he maketh Water, put his Yard into warm Milk, or a Decoction of Mallows, and other cooling Herbs. Or inject Milk, Plantane-Water, or an Emulſion of the cold Seeds, into the Paſſage. Baths and Fomentations, made of cool Herbs are good; and if the Privities be anointed with Unguentum Populeon, the Oyl or Unguent of Roſes, Oyl of Lillyes, and the like, it profiteth. If the Liver, Reins, or other parts by their Heat be the Cauſe, uſe Medicines that are good to cool them. If the Liver be too hot, bleed the Haemorrhoids, or make an Iſſue in the right Leg. If it come from the Stone, Inflammation, or Vlcer of the Bladder or Kidneys, cure them according to the Rules in their proper Chapters; but the cooling Medicines, before mentioned, are good to allay the Symptomes.

CHAP. LXX. Of Piſſing of Blood.

THough Blood may come from divers parts of the Body to the Paſſages of the Vrine, yet I ſhall here ſpeak onely of that bloody Vrine, which is made from the defect of the Reins or Bladder. The uſual Cauſes are, much ſharp Blood which corrodeth the Veins, or plenty of Blood which burſteth them; Sometimes a Stone in the Reins or Bladder, being moved by Riding or violent Excerciſe, by its roughneſſe teareth the part. A Fall or Stroak, vehement Motion, lifting or carrying may break a Vein. Sometimes the Weakneſs of the Reins, being not able to divide the Vrine from the Blood, may cauſe this Diſeaſe.

This Diſeaſe is apparent to the Senſes, for when Blood is mixed with the Vrine, it appeareth like Water wherein Fleſh hath been waſhed, with Clods of Blood at the bottom: if it ſtayes too long in the Bladder it looks black. The place that is pained ſhews the part affected. If it come from the Reins, it is more mixed with the Urine, then if it come from the Bladder. If it come from the Bladder, it is in a leſſer Quantity. If it come from the Stone in the Kidneys or Bladder, the Signes mentioned in their proper Chapters will appear. If it come from Repletion or Sharpneſſe of Humours, the Abundance of Blood, Choller, Melancholy, or ſuch Humours appear in the Body. If it come by a Blow, Fall, violent Exerciſe, &c. the Patient is able to inform.

This Diſeaſe, if it be violent and continue long, is very dangerous; for ſometimes the Patient falleth into a Conſumption, ſometimes into the Dropſy: Sometimes it cauſeth a Stoppage of Urine, and ſometimes an Vlcer breedeth in the place from whence the Blood Floweth.

If Blood or ſharp Humours abound, begin the Cure with blood-letting; after a while, for derivation, let the Haemorrhoids and the Saphaena or Ancle-Vein be opened. Then purge the chollerick Humours with thoſe Medicines that are preſcribed in the 30 Chapter Of Spitting of Blood. After you have purged ſufficiently, give things that knit the Veins and ſtop Blood. For this purpoſe give four or five Ounces of the Juyce of Plantane, and a Scruple of the Troches of Amber, or of Gordonius, Morning and Evening. Foreſtus in his Obſervations doth much commend Sheeps Milk; ſix Ounces, with one Drachm of Bolearmenick, is the Doſe. The Decoction of Knot-graſſe, Purſlane, Horſe-Tail, Comphry roots, Plantane, Pomgranats, Quinces, and the like. Likewiſe the Powder of red Coral, Blood-Stone, Sanguis Draconis, Terra Sigillata, given with the Water or Juyce of Plantane is good. Giye cooling Juleps to allay the Heat of the Blood. Apply ſuch things to the Loins as cool and aſtringe, thus: Take of the Roots of Biſtort, Comphry, and Clowns-Wound-Wort, of each, one Ounce: Horſe-Tail, Plantane Purſlane, Knot graſſe, and Shepherds purſe, of each, one Handfull: Pomgranate peels, half an Ounce; Sumach, Myrtle Berryes, and Hypocyſtis, of each, two Drachms: Acorn cups, red and yellow Sanders, of each, one Drachm: red Roſes, three pugils: boil them in Smith's Water, and Vinegar, therewith ſoment the Reins. Then anoint the Loins with Unguentum Comitiſſae, and Refrigerans Galeni; and if you would have it bind more, add the juyce of Plantane, or ſuch like, Sanguis Draconis, &c. Then wear a thin plate of Lead, about the Reins, pricked full of holes. Let the Patient's ordinary drink, be Beer, in which is tunned Maſtick-wood ſliced and cut ſmall, Plantane, and the Herbs before named. If the Liver be diſtempered with Heat, conferr with the 53 Chapter. If the Stone or Gravell be the Cauſe, uſe no ſtrong Diureticks, becauſe they provoke the Flux, but that which I have known very effectuall in this caſe, I ſhal here commend, and put an end to the Chapter: Take of the four greater and leſſer cold Seeds, of each, one Drachm: Quince Seeds, half a Drachm: the Seeds of Marſh-Mallows, white Poppy and Winter Cherryes, of each, one Scruple; make an Emulſion with the Decoction of Marſh-Mallows, and give two, three, or four spoonſuls in the Morning, and if you add a little Oyl of Vitrioll, it will be the better. Venice Turpetine, made into Pills with the Powder of Rubarb, half a Drachm taken in the Morning doth gently cleanſe the Reins.

CHAP. LXXI. Of the Green-ſickneſſe.

THis Diſeaſe is called by ſome, the Virgins Diſeaſe, the white Feaver, the white Jaundice, but vulgarly the Green-ſickneſſe. It is an evill habit of the Body, proceeding from the Obſtruction of the Veins about the Womb, Liver, Spleen, and Meſentery, cauſing a heavineſſe & unweildineſſe of the whole Body, difficulty of Breathing, panting of the Heart, and Head-Ach, a deſire after Food that is evil, and a loathing of good. The Veins about the Womb being obſtructed, that Blood, which Nature hath ordained to go thither, having not free paſſage, runs upwards, and oppreſſeth the Heart, Liver, Spleen, Diaphragma, ſtops the Veſſels, and deſtroys the naturall Heat; hence it cometh to paſſe that the Stomach and Bowels cannot concoct well as they ought to do, ſo Crudityes are diſperſed throughout the body, and make an evill Habit. Sometimes, by this means, the Hypocondria is ſwelled, which depreſſing the Diaphragma, cauſeth Shortneſſe of Breath. This groſſe Blood being carried in the great Artery to the Heart, which, leaſt it ſhould be ſuffocated by it, labours for its deliverance, & often moving of its Arteryes, cauſeth a Palpitation, and Beating of the Temples. The Stomach, by this means, being filled with Crudityes and excrementitious Humours, cauſeth a Loathing of Food, and a deſire after ſuch things, which ought not to be eaten, as Salt, Chalk, Coals, Aſhes, Oat-meal, Wheat, Tobacco-Pipes, &c. which Diſeaſe is called Pica Malacia, and we have ſpoken of it in the 35 Chapter of this Book. This Obſtruction is cauſed many wayes, as drinking cold Drink to Bedward; eating raw or unripe Fruits: Some go to Feaſts, and upon a full Stomach, dancing and ſporting all Night, diſturb the naturall Frame of the Body, and want Reſt: others ſleep too much, and ſit long at their work, as Seamſters, Bonelace-makers, and the like. By theſe and the like means, Concoction is hurt, the naturall Heat is extinguiſhed, and the Body filled with crude Excrements and thick ſlimy Humours, which cauſe Obſtructions.

This Diſeaſe is eaſily known, and you may know the diſeaſed, if you do but veiw their Faces, which are pale and white, ſometimes of a Lead colour, blew or green, the Face and Eye-lids, the Legs and Feet, ſwelled. The whole Body is unweildy and lazy. When the body is ſtirred by Exerciſe, or Walking, eſpecially going up a hill or ſteep place, there followeth Palpitation of the Heart, and Shortneſſe of Breath, Beating in the Temples, and great Head-Ach; behind, if the Womb be obſtructed, before, if the Hypocondria be afflicted: there is great loathing of wholeſome Meat, and deſiring the contrary: the Pulfe is ſwift and quick as in a Feaver, and when the Diſeaſe comes to the hight, the Terms are ſtopped.

This Diſeaſe continueth a long time, yet is ſeldom dangerous; ſometimes, by long continuance, it breeds Corruption in the naturall parts, Dropſyes, Feavers, Conſumptions, which end in Death. If the Veins of the Womb onely are obſtructed, a Husband will cure her. Women, that have a long time been in this condition, bring forth weak and ſickly Children, and ſometimes they are barren.

This Diſeaſe is cured by opening the Obſtructions, evacuating the filthy Humours, and ſtrengthning of the parts. The Obſtructions are opened, by ſuch Medicines as are mentioned in the cure of the Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen; you may add to them ſuch things which reſpect the Womb, as Mugwort, Fetherfew, Pennyroyall, &c. If the Spleen be obſtructed, add ſuch things which are proper for that, as Caper-bark, Ceterack, Spleenwort, &c. Open the Saphaena or Ancle-Vein, but firſt, if the Maid be full of Blood, open a Vein in the Arm. Then purge often with ſuch Medicines as are preſcribed in the Cure aforenamed: and make uſe of ſuch Medicines as powerfully open Obſtructions there preſcribed. Zacutus Luſitanus doth much commend the Conſerve of Mugwort, given thirty dayes together, drinking after it a little of the diſtilled Water of Savin, in which Rubarb hath been infuſed. The Salt of Mugwort is very good, and Faecula Brioniae, mixed with the Conſerve, hath an effectuall and powerfull operation. If the Obſtructions are ſtubborn and not eaſily opened, make a Bath, thus: Take of the Roots of Marſh-Mallows, Briony, Elder, and Lillyes, of each, two pound: Balm, Fetherſew, Mallows, Mercury, Maddir, Mugmort, Nep, Pennyrorall, and Violets, of each, three Handfulls: the Seed of Flax and Fenugreek, of each, two Ounces; boil them in a ſufficient. Quantity of Water, and let the Patient bathe her ſelf in the Morning and Evening, two dayes, & let the Decoction be renewed the ſecond day. The next day, open the Vein under the Ancle, if the Terms be ſtopped, (as, for the moſt part, they are in this Diſeaſe,) then give Medicines that powerfully open Obſtructions: when you find that the Obſtructions are opened, which you may eaſily perceive by the decay of the aforenamed Symptoms, then you muſt diſcuſſe the peccant Humours, that remain in the Veins and other parts of the Body, by Sweats; for which you muſt uſe the Decoction of Guajacum in cold conſtitutions; or of China and Sarfa in thoſe that are hot. In the mean while, every fourth or fifth day, give a purge to cleanſe the Body of the crude Humours, which cannot be ſent forth by Sweat.

CHAP. LXXII. Of the Stoppage of the Terms.

MEnſium Suppreſſio or the Terms ſtopped, is when a Woman of ripe Age, hath little or no Evacuation of Blood by the Womb, once in a Month, yet gives not ſuck, nor is with Child. Divers Diſeaſes of the Womb may cauſe this Suppreſſion, viz. A cold and dry Diſtemper, which thickneth and bindeth the Womb. A hot and dry Diſtemper dryeth the part. Inflammation, Tumor, Ulcer, or Eroſion of the mouths of the Veſſels in Abortion; or Tumor in the adjacent parts, by compreſſion, may cauſe this Stoppage. The Veſſels of the Womb may be obſtructed by thick and phlegmatick Humours, or they may be compreſſed by a Tumor in the parts adjacent. The cauſe may be in the Blood, when it offends in Quantity, Quality, or Motion; in Quantity, when there is too much Blood, which doth ſo dilate the Veſſels, that they cannot contract to expell it: too little, when the Body hath not enough for its Nouriſhment. It offendeth in Quality, when the Blood is thick, ſlimy, and viſcuous, by ſome cold Diſtemper of the Liver, or by the mixture of ſuch Humours with the Blood. It offends in Motion, when it flows ſome other way, as by the Haemorrhoids, by Urine, the Noſe, Vomiting, and by Spitting, and many other wayes. Riverius ſaith, that he ſaw a Maid which had a ſore Head which opened once a month and bled plentifully, and I know a Maid in the ſame Condition at this time.

Externall cauſes are, taking cold in the time of the Flux: eating things of a very hot Nature, by which the Subſtance of the Liver is dryed: or Food that is cold, thick, and aſtringent, eſpecially, at the time of Purgation, eating too much or too little: by too long retaining of Excrements; by bleeding at the Noſe, or any unnatural Evacuation by Vomit, Seige, Urine, or Sweat. To theſe add the externall Cauſes mentioned in the Chapter aforegoing Of the Green-Sickneſſe.

This Diſeaſe is known by the Patient's Relation, but it is convenient to diſtinguiſh between this kind of Suppreſſion, and that which is common to Women with Child. They who have their Menſtrues thus ſtopped, are pale and more diſcoloured, then thoſe who are with Child. They who are in this condition, the longer it continues, the more the Symptoms encreaſe; the contrary you ſhall find in Women with Child. They are likewiſe more ſad and melancholy then thoſe, who are with Child. In theſe the lower Belly, though it ſwell, yet it is not ſo hard nor proportionable to the Womb. And, Laſtly, an expert Midwife may diſtinguiſh it by the mouth of the Womb; for in theſe the mouth of the Womb is not ſo cloſe ſhut, as in a Woman with Child, but rather hard and painfull.

More particularly, the Stoppage of the Veſſels of the Womb are known by a pain in the Loins, eſpecially, when the Terms ſhould flow, and if any thing iſſueth, it will be white, or blackiſh and ſlimy. If the parts adjacent be obſtructed, the Veins in the Thighs & Arms, by abundance of Blood, are ſwollen: eſpecially, if the Woman be fleſhy, plethorick, and hath fed high. Or elſe the Woman wanteth Blood. Or the Blood is corrupted, which you may perceive by the evill habit of the Body, and ſome Diſeaſe of the Liver. If the Blood hath a praepoſterous Motion, or flow ſome other way, it is manifeſt.

The Stoppage of the Terms is very dangerous, and many (I had almoſt ſaid, all) Diſeaſes may come thereof. It is leſt dangerous if it come by reaſon of too much Blood. It is worſt, which cometh by Streightneſſe of the Veſſels, or crude and ſlimy Humours, which obſtruct them.

The Cure conſiſteth in this generally; If too much Blood be the cauſe, abate the Quantity by Phlebotomy, firſt, in the Arm, then in the lower Veins. Then, by Fomentations, ſoften and relax the parts about the Womb; and give ſuch Purges as do properly provoke the Terms. If you find that Want of Blood is the cauſe of the Obſtruction, uſe Reſtoratives in the firſt place, and whatever you find to be the cauſe of Extenuation, let that be removed; and if you find a praepoſterous Motion of the Blood, labour to repell it, and drive it to the Paſſage of the Womb. But ſeeing that (for the moſt part) this Obſtruction is in the Veins of the Womb, you may follow the ſame Rule in cure, preſcribed, in the Chap: Of the Green ſickneſſe, adding ſuch things which more eſpecially reſpect the Womb. Purge thus: Take of Aloes, three Drachms: the Maſſe of Cochy Pills, one Drachm; with the Juyce of Savin (or Sirrup of Mugwort) make twenty Pills; and give three in the Morning every third day. Emollient Cliſters are likewiſe of great uſe. After Phlebotomy, and ſufficient purging, give ſuch things as powerfully open Obſtructions, ſuch as are preſcribed in the cure of Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen: to theſe add Medicines made of the Roots of Aſparagus, Parſly, Fennel, Smallage, Maddir, Elicampane, Birth-Wort, Angelica, Cyperus; the leavs of Wormwood, Calamint, Camomill, Origan, Southern-wood, Mugwort, Pennyroyall, Hyſſop, Hore-Hound, Rue, Motherwort, Sage, Fether-few, Maiden-hair, Nep, and Savin: the ſeeds of Smallage, Parſly, Fennel, Juniper, Bayes, Annis, Cummin, Nettles, and ſuch like; of theſe may be made Decoctions, or diſtilled Waters, Sitrups, and the like, which I omit, fearing my Book will ſwell to a farr bigger volume then I intended. Of theſe or ſuch like you may make a Bath for the Patient to ſit in, afterwards anoint the Share, & parts about the Privities, with the Oyl of Dill, Rue, Lillyes, &c. You may, likewiſe, make dry Suffumigations, with Caſtor, Storax, Galbanum, Cinnamon, Frankincenſe, Bdellium, Benzoins, Lignum Aloes, Cloves, and Mace. Or you may make Peſſaries, with the maſſe of Cochy pills, & Hony, and the Juyce of Mercury. Or with Hiera Picra, and Benedicta Laxativa, with the Hony and Juyce aforeſaid: but this remember, that Peſſaryes muſt be applyed to married Women onely. If the Diſeaſe be inveterate, let Iſſues be made in the Legs, and after the menſtrual Flux is obtained, let them be dryed up again.

CHAP. LXXIII. Of the immoderate Menstruall Flux.

Menſium Fluxus Immodicus, is when the monthly Terms do exceed in Quantity, come too often, or ſtay too long. This is cauſed by an opening of the Veins, either by Abundance, Heat, Sharpneſſe, or Thinneſſe of the Blood, or by ſome Blow, Fall, or Wound: to underſtand the Cauſe more fully, have recourſe to the 19 and 30 Chapters, Of bleeding at the Noſe, and ſpitting of Blood. The Diſeaſe it ſelf may be known by the Patient's information, and the Symptoms which follow, viz. decay of Strength and Appetite, an ill habit of the Body, by reaſon of ill Digeſtion, Swelling of the Legs, and a Leady coloured Complexion. To know the Cauſes, obſerve, that a thin habit of the Body, with a Diet, which doth encreaſe thin and wheyiſh Blood; or you may perceive the thin and wheyiſh Humours in the Blood, which cometh from the Patient, this ſheweth that the Blood ſoaketh thorough the Veins. If the Coats or Ends of the Veins be broken, the Patient hath had ſoule Wound, Bruiſe, or Fall, or uſed ſome immoderate Labour, Excerciſe, or Venery; hath indured too great Heat or Cold: or ſhe hath had a hard bargain in Child-birth, a Miſcarriage, or been handled by an unskilfull Midwife. If there be an Exulceration in the Womb, by which the Veins are eaten thorough, the Blood droppeth by little and little, with Pain and Sharpneſſe: the Patient's Body is afflicted with ſharp and cholerick Humours: the Blood, which iſſueth, is at firſt matteriſh, wheyiſh, blackiſh, or yellow: If it encreaſe, the Ends of the Veins come with the Blood, and the Flux encreaſeth, and is hard to be ſtopped.

Prognoſticks are; All long and laſting Iſſues of Blood are dangerous, eſpecially thoſe of the Womb; that which comes by ſoaking thorough the Veins, though it continueth longer, yet the Blood and Spirits do not ſo much decay, therefore it is not ſo dangerous. On the contrary, the breaking of the Veins cauſe more danger becauſe of the ſudden iſſuing of Blood, yet is ſooner cured, becauſe the Patient hath Strength and Store of Blood. But of all the other that which comes from Exulceration is moſt dangerous, becauſe ſome part of the Veins is periſhed, which letteth out the Blood in great abundance, and is very difficult to be cured. If ſhe grow weaker, and the Iſſue more violent, there is danger of Death; in elderly Women, it is hard to be cured.

Since the Cure muſt be performed in the ſame manner (almoſt) as is praeſcribed in the 51 Chapter Of the immoderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids, I ſhall ſay the leſſe. Firſt open a vein in the Arm, and let her bleed much by degrees. Uſe Frictions and Ligatures; and faſten Cupping-Glaſſes to her dugs, as Hippocrates adviſeth. Purge with the ſame Medicines preſcribed in the Chapter aforegoing. Alſo Vomits are good, for they draw the Blood upwards, and Hippocrates, treating of Womens Diſeaſes, doth much commend them. Then make uſe of this Powder, much commended by Johannes Michael Paſchalius, and it is thus prepared: Take the Shells of two new layd Eggs burnt; Frankin-cenſe, Maſtick, of each, half an Ounce: Pearls and red Corall prepared, and Amber, of each, two drachms: Hamatites and Emerald, of each, half a Scruple: Barly meal fine ſifted, two Pugills: the Whites of four Eggs, and chalybiated Water, enough to make the Powder into two Cakes; bake them in an Oven, ſo hard, that they may be beaten to Powder; give, of this Powder, half a Drachm, or a Drachm in the Morning, in Broth made of Sheeps feet or Calves feet. The Juyce of Plantane, Yarrow, Nettles, Shepherds Purſe, Knot-graſſe, Comphry, and Horſ-tail, is very good, or a Sirrup made of all or either of them is much, and upon good grounds, commended. Milk, in which red hot Steel hath been quenched, allayeth the Sharpneſſe of the Humours, and ſtayeth the Flux. Spiknard, in fine Powder inwardly taken, or applyed to the Womb upon a little Lint, hath been much approved of. Minerall Waters, which receive their Tincture from Vitriol, Iron, or Allum, do remove the Cauſe and ſtrengthen the Part. The Chymiſts do much commend the Tincture of Corall, and vitriolated Steel. Before you go farther take this neceſſary Caution, that you do not altogether give ſtrong aſtringents, but ſometimes Medicines which ſtrengthen the Liver, and ſomewhat bind. Outwardly foment upon her Loins, Share, and about the Privityes, with a fomentation made of the aforegoing Herbs. Then anoint the parts aforeſaid with the Oyl of Myrtles, Maſtick, and Quinces: or make an Ointment more aſtringent. adding, Frankincenſe, Dragon's Blood, Sealed Earth, Bolearmenick, and the like. Unguentum Comitiſſae is very powerfull in this Diſtemper. Afterwards apply a Plaiſter to the Navel and Loins, Emplaſtrum ad Herniam, Hyſtericum, or Emplaſtrum de Maſtich, either of theſe; or all three are very effectuall. Likewiſe dry Fumes, Peſſaryes, and Injections, for the Womb, may be prepared of the aforenamed Herbs and other aſtringent Simples. When ſhe is cured, you muſt endeavour to prevent the Diſeaſe for the future, by the Rules preſcribed in the 51 Chapter, Of the Immoderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids.

CHAP. LXXIV. Of the Whites.

THis Diſeaſe is called the Flux of the Womb, the Woman's Flux, and the Whites; and it is an excrementitious Humour, flowing from the Womb, ſometimes white, and ſometimes watry, ſometimes mixed with yellow, green, or black, according to the Nature of the Humour. Women are ſubject principally to this Diſtemper, and ſometimes Maids, though ſome have affirmed the contrary, and condemned them as unchaſte, yet according to the opinion of the wiſeſt Phyſitians, the pureſt Virgins may have this Infirmity, and their opinion is confirmed daily by Experience. Theſe Humours are bred in the whole Body, or in ſome particular part, or in the Womb it ſelf. They are bred in the whole Body, either by ill Diet, or a vicious habituall Diſtemper. The particular parts may be, the Brain, Stomach, Liver, or Spleen. Theſe Humours may be bred in the Womb, by a cold or hot Diſtemper therein; the cold maketh it unable to digeſt its Nouriſhment, and the hot Diſtemper corrupteth it, hence cometh this excrementitious Humour. Child-bearing, Abortion, Contuſion, Inflammation, Impoſthume, or Ulcer in the Womb may weaken the part and diſpoſe it to breed and receive ſuch Humours.

This Diſeaſe is known by the relation of the Patient; from what part it cometh is thus known: If the whole Body ſend this Humour to the Womb, the whole Body appeareth in an evill State, is weary and heavy, as if the Patient were weary with hard labour, and by this Flux her Body is at preſent refreſhed; the Hands and Feet are puffed up, with a great itching and ſtinging, if the Humour be cholerick. If it come from ſome peculiar part, the Symptomes and Excrements proper to that part appear. If it come onely from the Womb, ſomething hath happened, which hath hurt the Womb, as a Fall or Blow upon the Back or Belly, immoderate carnall Embracements, eſpecially if the Woman be young, or any Diſeaſe of the Womb. Signes, that diſtinguiſh between this Diſeaſe and an Ulcer in the Womb, or Gonorrhaea, are theſe: If there be an Ulcer in the Womb, that which floweth is more digeſted, mattery, mixed with Blood and ſtringy, and cometh with pain; and the Woman admits not of Copulation without pain. In the Gonorrhaea the Matter comes in a ſmall Quantity, and ſeldom, and is of a ſhining Whiteneſſe. But if it be a Gonorrhaea which is gotten by acting with an unclean Perſon, then is the Womb ulcerated, the Urine ſharp, and many other malignant Symptomes.

This Diſeaſe is not dangerous, but is hard to be cured, for it is hard to divert the Humours from this Channell, it being the Sink of the Body, through which the ſuperfluous Humours of a healthy Body, are every Month evacuated. That which is blewiſh, green, black, and ſtinking is worſe then that, which is pale, white, and doth not ſtink. This Diſeaſe is ſeldom cured in old Women, becauſe they abound in Phlegm. Laſtly, by its continuance it may breed great evills, as Barrenneſſe, Falling out of the Wōb, evill habit in the whole Body, and Conſumption.

To cure, the Humour offended muſt be purged with convenient Medicines; and becauſe Phlegm for the moſt part is the Humour peccant, purge with ſuch Medicines as principally purge Phlegm, with which mix ſuch as purge the Humour mixed. Vomits (if the Patient be ſtrong) are good, becauſe they empty the Stomach of excrementitious Humours, and do powerfully revell the Humours from the Womb. After ſufficient Evacuations, let the Patient take ſweating Decoctions, made of Lignum Vitae and Saſſafras, if the Patient be phlegmatick; of China and Sarſa, if ſhe be cholerick or melancholy. Alſo Sweat procured by ſulphurous Baths, is kind. Milk wherein Steel hath been quenched is very good, and it will be more powerfull it a little Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, and Terra Sigillata, be given with it. Among a multiplicity of Medicines, which are aſtringont and proper for this Diſeale, I ſhall inſert but one or two. Zecheus doth highly commend this following Electuary: Take of Gum Arabick and Gum Tragant, of each, two Drachms: Corall of both ſorts, Eg-ſhells burnt, Hartshorn, Dill Seeds, Amber, of each, four Scruples: Hony of Roſes, as much as will make into it an Electuary; give half an Ounce in the Morning and faſt two howers after it. This Julep I have found of great virtue: Take of the diſtilled Water of Plantane, red Roſes, Oak Leavs, and Knot graſſe, of each, four Ounces; infuſe therein, a whole Night, of the Flowers of Comphry, Bugloſſe, and red Roſes, of each, one Pugill: ſtrain them out, and make it ſharp with Oyl of Vitriol; with the Sirrup of Comphry and red Roſes, make a Julep for four or five Mornings Draughts. Whatever part ſendeth pblegmatick Matter to the Womb, you muſt ſeek its cure from its proper Chapter. To conclude, the Medicines preſcribed in the former Chapter are good againſt this Diſtemper. Outward Remedies, as Fomentations, Unguents, Fumes, Peſſaryes, and Injections, ſuch as are preſcribed in the Chapter aforeſaid, are uſefull here.

CHAP. LXXV. Of the Mother.

THis Diſeaſe is called, the Hyſtericall paſſion, Uteri Strangulatio, by the Greeks, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , we call it the Mother and Strangling of the Womb. It is cauſed by the Seed, menſtruall Blood, or other excrementitious Humors, retained beſides the intent of Nature, in the Womb, and there putrified and corrupted, breedeth venemous and, malignant Vapours, which ariſing doth afflict divers parts of the Body. Now theſe Vapours do not alwayes afflict, but when they are ſtirred up by ſome cauſe; (the moſt noted are, ſweet odours, ſweet meats eaten, anger, terror, and grievous paſſions of the mind; theſe and ſuch like bring Women, ſubject to this Infirmity, into their Fits, wherein their breathing is impaired, ſometimes (to appearance) aboliſhed, the Body becomes cold, their Speech gone, and Pulſe intercepted; ſo that they ly for dead, and ſometimes have been laid out for burial, and yet have revived. Sometimes theſe choaking Fits are not ſo extream, yet is accompanied with other hyſtericall Symptomes, as Vomitings, Ravings, Convulſions, Swoonings, and the like. Sometimes the Patient feeleth herſelf, as it were, choaked by an halter or rope, this is cauſed by abundance of Vapours and Winds aſcending from the Womb, (ſometimes ſeconded by hypocondriack Melancholy) which Vapours, compreſſing the Diaphragma and Lungs, hinder Reſpiration, and the Patient feeleth herſelf as it were ſtrangled. Others will have it proceed from the Nature of the malignant Vapours, whoſe property is to cauſe Suffocation. Sometimes ſhe loſeth her Breath without pain or ſenſe of Strangling, by reaſon of the ſtupefactive Power of theſe Vapours, which taketh away the vitall Action from the Heart, and ſo hindreth Reſpiration: For Nature having ordained the drawing of Breath to cool the Heart, and the Heart is extreamly cooled by theſe venemous Vapours, having no need of the cool Air, Breathing ceaſeth: For the vitall Spirits being deſtroyed, the Animall, which are made of them muſt needs loſe their functions; We may alſo ſay that theſe venemous and ſtupiſying Vapours do fly up and aſſault the Brain, and hinder the Influx of the animall Spirits, whereby the Motion of the Diaphragma and the Muſcles, which ſerve for Reſpiration, are hindered. Likewiſe the Womb being filled with theſe flatuous Vapours, doth aſcend towards the upper parts, as it were, by a convulſive Motion, which cauſeth a Compreſſion of the Midriff and Muſcles of Reſpiration. Sometimes theſe ſharp and malignant Vapours aſcend to the Head, and diſperſe themſelves into the membranous parts, and cauſe divers pains, pricking and ſmarting, and ſometimes ſtretching and ſwelling; ſometimes they cauſe pains beating like the Pulſe. Sometimes the Falling-Sickneſſe cometh from the Womb, by reaſon of ſharp and malignant Vapours, which having gotten a powerfull Acrimony, do ſharply ſmite the nervous parts. Theſe Vapours aſſaulting the Heart, the Heart laboureth to expell them, hence ariſeth Palpitation. Likewiſe it cauſeth a great Pulſation in the Back. The Stomach doth oftentimes ſuffer much by this Diſtemper, according to the Nature of the Humours afflicting, or part of the Stomach it gets poſſeſſion of; as Want of Appetite, or a depraved Appetite, that is, deſtring Food which Nature diſdains, as Coals, Chalk, &c. Loathing of Meat, Vomiting, Belching, Hiccough, and pain in the Stomach. If, in the Womb, menſtruall Blood is retained, it floweth back by the Voins into the Liver, from thence ſhed abroad into the whole Body, hence cometh Swelling, Feavers, and other Diſeaſes. If it flows back to the Spleen, Swelling, Stopping, Melancholy, and hypocondriacal Diſeaſes are bred. Laſtly, Women have pains in their Loins, Thighs, and other parts, which are cauſed by theſe Vapours conveighed from the Womb. Therefore, to know this from other pains, mark well the Signes of this Diſeaſe.

Much may be gathered from what huth already been ſaid, remembring this, you muſt not expect all the Symptomes in one, but ſome in one, and ſome in another, the Breathing faileth, Senſe of Strangling, Coldneſſe of the Body, the Pulſe ceaſeth, and the like, which I have mentioned before. There goeth before the Fit a Noiſe in the Belly below the Navill, Belching, Inclination to Vomit, Wearineſſe, Stretching, the Face pale and wan. As it gathers Strength it bringeth Suffocation or Choaking, afterwards all the vitall & animall Actions are depraved, diminiſhed, and, as it were, aboliſhed, the Womb may be felt in divers parts of the lower Belly, gathered round like a Ball, toſſing and tumbling to and fro. When the Fit begins to be over, a moiſt Humour floweth out of the Womb, the Body beginneth to be warm, they have a Colour in their Face, they open their Eyes, they ſigh, they begin to move, and ſo by degrees are freed from the Fit.

Signs of the Cauſes are thus known; If the Seed corrupting in the Womb hath been the Cauſe, there hath preceded thoſe things, which might gather together or excreaſe Seed, and cerrupt it in the Womb; as flouriſhing Age, high keeping, and an idle life, Sanguine Complexion and ripe for Generation; or one formerly accuſtomed to the Actions of Generation and left it of: if any ſuch fall into this Diſeaſe, and have their monthly Purgation well, you may judge that Corruption of Seed is the Cauſe. If it come from the Putrefaction of menſtruous Blood, the Menſtrues are ſtopped, or come not down well, and the Woman wanteth no carnall Embracements. If evill Humours be the Cauſe, the Woman enjoyeth camall Excerciſe, and hath her monthly Purgation, but her Body is full of evill Humours.

Prognoſticks we make thus: This Diſeaſe is ſeldom mortall, but of long continuance; the Patient is in great danger if it continue long, becauſe Reſpiration being ſo often hurt, there is danger that the native Heat be ſuffocated. Young Women when they come to bear Children, for the moſt part they are cured: Old women are ſeldome or never cured. To women with Child it is very dangerous, and threatneth Miſcarriage: To Women lying in, as dangerous by reaſon of their Weakneſſe. It is good for a Woman to ſneez in the Fits, for it ſignifyeth Strength of the Brain, and it diſperſeth the Vapours from the Brain.

I ſhall lay down a few Rules, firſt, to give preſent eaſe in the Fit; ſecondly, to give perfect Cure. Firſt, lay her down in ſuch a poſture, that her Neck and Shoulders may ly high, her Thighs and Privities low, ſhooting downwards, that ſo the Womb may be the better reduced. Let her lower parts be rubbed and bound ſo hard as to cauſe pain. And if her Fit be inveterate, apply Cupping-Glaſſes to her Hips and Share. If ſhe ſwoon, rub the Bottoms of her Feet with Vinegar and Salt, and courſe Cloths. Hollow in her Ears, and bend her Fingers, and if need require apply Epiſpaſtick Cataplaſms to her Feet. Put ſtrong and ſtinking things under her Noſe, as Leather and Fethers burnt, Brimſtone fited, Aſſafaetida, Caſtoreum, and the like. But take this Caution, carefully to diſtinguiſh between this Diſeaſe and the Falling-Sickneſſe, for in the latter ſuch Smells are hurtfull. The Warts that grow upon a Horſes Legs being dryed and powdered and a Fume made thereof, under the Patient's Noſe, is very good in the time of the Fit. The ſmoak of Tobacco blown into the Mouth and Noſtrils is likewiſe of great efficacy to free the Woman from the Fit-Whilſt you do this, you muſt apply Musk or Civet, wrapped up in cotton Wool, to the Womb. Then blow th s Powder into her Noſe: Take of white Pepper, Muſtard Seed, Pellitory, and Caſtor, of each, one Scruple: mak it into a very fine Powder, and blow ſome up her Noſe: if you judge it not strong enough, add a little white Hellebore or Eaphorbium. Or let her Noſe be anointen with Oyl of Amber. If the Fit be of long continuance give her a laxative, carminative, or windexpelling Cliſter: if one doth it not, give another. Afterwards give another made of Vinegar and Water, and let her drink a little Vinegar and Water. Apply Emplaſtrum Hyſtericum to the Navel, or a Plaiſter made of Galbanum, Caranna, Aſſafaetida, and Tachamahaca. If you find the Sick troubled with plenty of Wind and Vapours, bathe and ſoment the Belly with Fomentations made of emollient, carminative, and diſcuſſing Herbs and Seeds. If the Sick be a married Woman let her have carnall Conjunction with her Husband as ſoon as ever the Fit is over. If that cannot be had, that is, if ſhe be a Maid or Window, let a Mid-wife, tickle the Neck of the Womb with her finger anointed with the Oyl of Muſck, Cloves, or the like, that ſo the offenſive Sperm may be avoided. You may in the Fit give Pills made of Aſſafaetida, Caſtor, Faecula Brioniae, Mirrh, and the like; and, if the Fit be violent, give Pillulae Faetidae. Oyl of Amber given three or four drops in ſome convenient Waters are very good. The After-Birth of a Woman, that lyeth in of her firſt Child, dryed, and powdered, and a Drachm given in ſome convenient Liquor, is excellent: Quercetanus his Powder made of Elder-Berryes, taken a Drachm in Wine, is very good.

For the Cure, you muſt conſider whether the Woman be with Child or not, and be carefull how you adminiſter ſtinking Medicines for fear of Abortion, but rather outward Medicines then inward. Whatever part of the Body ſuffer by this Diſeaſe, either Brain, Heart, Liver, &c. take care to free and ſtrengthen the part, ſeek the means in their proper Chapters. The Patient muſt once in a Month be purged with ſuch Medicines, as principally regard the Humour offending, adding thereto things that are hyſtericall. If the Body be full of Blood open a Vein, or bleed the Haemorrhoids if Nature requireth it. After generall Evacuation, make uſe of ſweating Decoctions, or let the Patient frequent ſulphurous Baths. Theſe Pills are much commended: Take of the Troches of Agarick, one Drachm and an half: Hiera of Colloquintida, one Drachm: the Seeds of Carrots, and Agnus Caſtus, of each one Scruple: Mirrh, Caſtoreum, and Diagridium, of each half a Scruple; Venice Turpetine, as much as will ſuffice to make all into a Maſſe, let ber take half a Drachm or two Scruples twice or thrice in a Month. Or Pillulae Faetidae taken, half a Drachm, once in a Month doth very much cleanſe the Womb. Then make uſe of this Sirrup, much commended by Mercatus: Take of the Juyce of Mercury, and the cream of Carthamus Seeds, of each, ſix Ounces: the Water of Scorzonera, ſeven Ounces: Sugar, as much as will make it into a Syrrup: while it boiles add of Confectio de Hyacintho, of Alchermes, and Powder of the Electuary de Gemmis, of each, two Drachms; let the Doſe be two or three Ounces. Aſſaſaetida, and Caſtor made into Pills with Hony have a peculiar property againſt theſe Firs: many uſe the former with good ſucceſſe, tyed up in a thin ragg or farcener, and hung about the Neck: and for this purpoſe the Liver or Fleſh of a Wolf; or the Pizzell, or Stones of a Fox dried and hung about the Neck with a ſtring, reſting upon the Navell; vitriolated Steel, or the Salt thereof, given with Sugar, from two, to twenty grains, according to the Strength of the Patient, is much commended, for opening Obſtructions and cooling the Womb. Eight dayes before ſhe expect her monthly Purgations, let the Woman ſit in a mollifying and reſolving Bath, that ſo the Humours may be reſolved and flow forth with her Courſes. Laſtly, Iſſues made in the Thighs are good, for they derive and turn aſide evill Humours from the Womb.

CHAP. LXXVI. Of the Inflammation, Ulcer, and hard Swelling of the Womb.

THis Diſeaſe is a Swelling of the Womb, which is cauſed by Blood mixed with Choller or other Humours flowing to the part, vehement Excerciſe, or immoderate Copulation; ſome Blow or Fall upon the part: Meats that are ſharp and ſretting, or ſuch things as naturally offend the part, as Cantharides, or Peſſaryes that are of a ſharp Nature, Abortion, hard Labour in Child-bed, or a violent handling by an unskilfull Midwife.

The Signes of this Diſeaſe are, Swelling, Heat, & Pain about the Region of the Womb, the Body feavouriſh. If the Inflammation be in the Neck of the Womb, the pain is felt towards the Groin, if in the former ſide, the Bladder ſuffereth, if in the hinder ſide, the ſtrait Gut will be ſenſible thereof, and the Pain is violently felt about the Loyns. If either ſide of the Womb be inflamed, the Thigh and Groin on the ſame fide will be heavy and pained. If you conſider the Conſt tution and preſent Temper of the Patient, you may eaſily gueſſe what Humour offends. If it be purely Blood, the Symptomes are more mild; if Choller be mixed, it is more vehement; if Phlegm or Melancholy, the Diſtemper is more fixed and laſting, but the pain is not ſo vehement. If the Inflammation impoſthumate, and gather Matter, the pain and Feaver encreaſeth, and the Patient hath ſhaking Fits, and moſt of all about the Evening. Sometimes it turns to an Ulcer, which is known by avoiding of ſnotty. Matter or Quittor out of the Womb. If it be party-coloured, greeniſh, or Lead coloured, ſtinking, and cometh away with great pain, it is the worſe. If it depend upon the French Pox or Gonorthaea, their Symptoms will declare the ſame. Sometimes the Inflammation turns not to an Impoſthume nor Ulcer, but to a painleſſe hard Swelling, called a Schirrus, which is thus known: the Feaver and pain ceaſeth, and the Swelling remaineth; there is a hardneſſe, heavineſſe, and Senſe of Weight, bearing down when the Woman ſtandeth.

As to the Prognoſtick, I ſhall ſay a word or two of either of them: An Inflammation of the Womb is a dangerous, and de adly Symptome, eſpecially, if the whole Womb be inflamed. If a Woman with Child ſuffer Inflammation of the Womb, the Child dyeth, and probably the Mother followeth. Ravings, Hiccoughs, Coldneſſe of the Hands and Feet, and cold Sweats, are the Meſſengers of Death. If it impoſthumate and turn to an Ulcer, it ought not to be ſlighted, becauſe the Womb is of exquiſite Senſe, and hath a fellow-felling with the principall parts of the Body. If the Ulcer turns cancrous, hollow, or fiſtulous, it is ſeldom or never cured, but vexeth the Patient miſerably all her life-time. An Ulcer in the Neck of the Womb is moſt eaſily cured, becauſe Medicines may be applyed to them immediatly. A Schirrhus, or inſenſible hard Swelling, is ſeldom cured, becauſe the naturall Heat is ſo weak in that part, that it can hardly diſcuſſe ſuch an hard and almoſt ſtony Subſtance: If it be not cured it ſoon brings a Dropſy: and if it be tampered with, with over hot and moiſt Medicines, it turns to a Cancer.

The Cure you muſt proſecute thus: Firſt, in the Inflammation of the Womb, give a cooling Cliſter, then open the Baſilick Vein, on the ſame ſide the Womb is inflamed, if all the Womb be inflamed, repeat your Phlebotomy, afterwards open the lower Veins. Rubbings and Bindings are good, and Cupping-Glaſſes faſtened to the Loins and Back. Purge the Humour offending with ſuch things as purge gently. Then give cooling Juleps or Emulſions to allay the Heat and ſharpneſſe of the Humours; mix therewith Narcoticks to give eaſe and reſt, if the Patient be tired out, Apply cooling Liniments and Cataplaſms; In Liniments uſe, the Oyl and Ointment of Roſes, Galen's cooling Ointment, Ceratum Santalinum, and ſuch like; and with the Oyl of Roſes, white Bread and Milk, make Cataplaſms, adding the Juyce of Henbane, Night-ſhade, Plantant, and Sorrell; or inſtead of the white Bread, the Meal of Barly, Flax and Fenugreek Seed. Of ſuch cool Herbs make Injections, and Peſſaries. But uſe not cooling and repelling too long, leſt the Tumor be fixed and hardned, but rather uſe ſoftning and diſcuſſing Medicines with repelling, ſuch as theſe, viz. Marſh and cōmon Mallows, Mugwort, Melilor, Camomill, Fenugreek. If the Patient be ſubject to be coſtive, give gentle purgers, or mollifying and cooling Cliſters. If the pain be very violent, make Injections with new Milk, and a little Opium: and make Peſſaries of Philonium Romanum and a little Cotton and apply it. If it tends to Suppuration, apply a Cataplaſm made of the aforenamed ſoftning Herbs, fat Figs, Yolks of Egs, Saffion, Oyl of Lillyes and freſh Butter. When it is broken we muſt endeavour to purge out the Quitter, and cleanſe the Ulcer. You muſt often purge with gentle Medicines, as Senna, Rubarb, Tamarinds, Mirabolans, Agarick, Catholicon, and ſuch like, that the evill Humours may be diverted from the Womb; for ſuch who are eaſy to vomit, a gentle Vomit is very profitable. Make a vulnerary Drink to cleanſe and heal the Ulcer: Take of Agrimony, Burnet, Mugwort, Knot-Graſſe, Plantane, and Yarrow, of each, one Handfull: China Root, half an Ounce: Rha Ponticum, one Ounce: Currance, and French Barly, of each, two Ounces: boil them in Chicken-Broth, and let the Patient take ſomewhat more then a Quarter of a Pint, Morning and Evening. Venice Turpotine waſhed in Mugwort Water, or in the Water of any other Herb, reſpecting the Ulcer, is good to cleanſe and heal it. If the Humours be ſharp and painfull, inject the Emulſion of the cold Seeds, Goats Milk, or (for want thereof) Cows Milk, with the Juyce of Shepherds Purſe, or of any of the Herbs aforenamed. To dry and fill up the Ulcer, make a Decoction of the aforenamed Herbs, or of the like Nature, made in Water wherein Steel hath been quenched, or in Plantane Water: add thereto Acacia, Hypociſtis, Sanguis Draconis, Bolearmenick, fine Starch, Ariſtolochia rotunda, great Comphry, &c. Unguentum Egyptiacum, de Plumbo, de Ceruſo, and de Apio, are very good in Injections; and the Oyl of the Yolks of Egs, ſtirred in a Leaden Morter, is much more commended. If the Ulcer in the Womb come by reaſon of the French Pox, a Fumigation made of Cinnabaris, or Minium, taken into the Cavity of the Womb, hath a peculiar property to cleanſe and heal the Ulcer; the ſame virtue hath Quick-Silver Ointments.

If it come to a Schirrhous Tumor, you muſt purge the melancholy and rebellious Humours, and give ſteeled and ſuch Medicines, which powerfully open Obſtructions of the Womb or other parts. Then you muſt prepare emollient and reſolving Medicaments to be applyed outwardly; as the Fomentation, and Cataplaſm mentioned in the 56 Chapter, Of the Schirrbus of the Liver. Likewiſe the Liniment there preſcribed, may ſerve here for an Injection. To conclude, you muſt uſe a great deal of care, diligence, and induſtry in this Cure, leſt that the Tumor become harder, or, (which is moſt dangerous) degenerate into a Cancer.

CHAP. LXXVII. Of the Womb ſwelled by Wind or Water.

There is a twofold Dropſy of the Womb, one from Wind, which is like that ſort, called Tympanites, the other from a watry and wheyiſh Humour, anſwering to Aſcites. Some add a third anſwering to Leucophlegmatia, which is ſeldom ſeen. This Wind or Water is contained in the Cavity of the Womb, or in the Membranes thereof, or in certain Bladders. It is cauſed by the weakneſſe of naturall Heat in the Liver or Spleen, from which parts. Wind, Phlegm, or wheyiſh Humours are ſent to the Womb: or by the weakneſſe of the Womb, thoſe Humours are collected. Cauſes which weaken the naturall heat of the womb are many, viz. cold aire heedleſly taken into the womb, or ſtaying in the cold, or padling in cold water whilſt the courſes flow: the uſe of cold meates and drinks; add to theſe, abortion, hard labour, immoderat flux of the Termes; all diſeaſes proper to the Womb.

This diſeaſe is beſt diſcovered by ſignes, which diſtinguiſh between this and the univerſall Dropſy of the Belly. The Womb-Dropſy cauſeth a ſwelling, chiefly in the lower Belly; in the other Dropſy, the ſwelling is in all parts: in this the Body decays not, nor there is not ſuch a Thirſt and Drineſſe of the Tongue as in the other; and Wind and Water ſometimes burſteth out at the Mouth of the Womb. Secondly to diſtinguiſh between the ſorts of theſe Dropſyes, conſider, if Wind be the Cauſe, the lower part of the Belly, being ſtruck, giveth a Sound, thence is a pricking pain in the Belly, which reacheth to the Diaphragma: the Womb riſeth like a Globe towards the ſtomach, Wind burſteth our of its Neck, and the Patient is ſubject to Belching, and when ſhe breaketh Wind, ſhe findeth ſome eaſe. If a watry wheyiſh Humour be the Cauſe, the part appeareth ſoft and flaggy with a Noiſe of Water, and great Heavineſſe. If from Phlegm, it will be more ſoft; and the parts adjacent, as well as the Womb, have a phlegmatick Swelling. Thirdly, you ought to conſider, whether this Diſeaſe hath its originall in the Womb, or by conſent of other parts, thus: if there appear Symptoms of the whole Body or ſome part thereof to be miſaffected, viz. if there be long Feavers, or a Flux of Blood, Diſtillations from the Head, Weakneſſe of the Stomach, Swelling of the Liver and Spleen, and other ſtubborn Diſeaſes in thoſe arts, judge that the Womb receives its Diſtemper frō ſome of theſe parts. On the contrary, if the Body and all the parts are in good health, ſaving ſome particular Diſeaſe of the Womb, then judge that the Diſeaſe hath its originall in the Womb. Fourthly, to know, whether the Wind or watry Humour be in the Cavity of the Womb, or in little Bladders, take theſe two Rules, that if it be in the Cavity of the Womb, it maketh a greater Swelling, and more Water flows out at the Neck of the Womb. Secondly, if little Bladders of Water come forth, it is an evident Signe that the Water or Wind is not contained in the Cavity of the Womb. Fifthly, this Womb-Dropſy is eaſily diſtinguiſhed from Tumors of the Womb, cauſed of blood or Choller, becauſe there is no Feaver; nor pain in the touching of it; it differeth likewiſe from a schirrhous Tumor, for it is not ſo hard as not to yeeld to the finger. Sixthly, it is very convenient to diſtinguiſh between this Diſeaſe and a Woman's being with Child: when a Woman begins to be big with Child, the bigneſſe of her Belly buncheth out, in this Diſeaſe it is depreſſed and flat: in the firſt, the Woman's Dugs do ſwell, in the latter they become extenuated and ſmaller. Women with Child, after a while, grow better and better, but in this Diſeaſe they grow worſe and worſe. Again the Child is manifeſtly perceived to ſtir. Laſtly, you muſt diſtinguiſh between this Diſeaſe and the falſe Conception Mola, thus: in Mola Women find a great heavineſſe in their Wombs, and when they turn toly on either ſide, it roules like a Stone to that ſide: again they that have conceaved with Mola (for the moſt part) have a violent Flux of their Terms, every third or fourth Month, and laſtly the Dugs ſwell and ſometimes have Milk in them; which things never happen in this Womb-Dropſy.

Sometimes this Diſeaſe cometh not to the height but proveth an Inflation: if it continueth, if the Humour be void of Putrefaction, though it continueth long, yet it is curable, nay, ſometimes it floweth out of its own accord. If wind or water be in the cavity it is evacuated with more eaſe, then if it be ſhut up in Bladders. If the Humour be malignant and ſharp, it produceth the like Symptoms, and is dangerous, for the moſt part deadly.

You muſt begin the Cure with Phlebotomy, if the Diſeaſe hath its originall from the Terms, and the Body be plethorick, other wiſe it will much hurt, becauſe natural Heat is much weakned thereby. Then you muſt give ſuch things as have power to purge, open, provoke Sweat, and move the Courſes: you need go no farther then to the 58 and 71 Chapters, treating Of the Dropſy and Green-Sickneſſe. Give a gentle Vomit twice a week, if the Woman be eaſy to vomit. The Heat of the Stomach muſt be cheriſhed and maintained, by Medicines preſcribed in the Chapters treating of the Diſeaſes of that part; and the Womb muſt be ſtrengthned, and the peccant Humours diſcuſſed by Fomentations or Baths, made of the Decoction of the Roots of Briony, wild Cucumber, and horſe Radiſh: the Leavs of Dwarf-Elder, Mercury, common Elder, Origanum, Calamint, Rue, Sage, Wormwood, Marjarom, Mugwort, Pennyroyall, Time: the Seeds of Annis, Fennel, Broom, Carrots, Cummin, Bay, and Juniper: the Flowers of Camomill, Melilot, and Roſemary. If it be a windy Dropſy, a dry Fomentation will be much better. Afterwards anoint with the Oyl of Nard, Rue, Wormwood, Dill, and Southernwood. Give frequent Cliſters, and Injections to evacuate the Humours contained in the Womb: then make Peſſaryes, of Coloquintida, Elaterium, Mechoacan, and ſuch like, with Hony, and apply it. Nitrous and ſulphurous Baths do profit much, and, if the Diſeaſe proceed from Humours falling to the part, let Iſſues be made in the Thighs.

CHAP. LXXVIII. Of the falling down of the Womb.

SOmetimes the Womb looſeth its natural Scituation, and falleth down to the water-gate, ſometimes out to the very Thigh. All things that may cauſe a Rupture or Relaxation of the Ligaments of the Womb, may be a cauſe of this grief, as a Blow, Fall, dancing, leaping, lifting, carrying, violent ſneezing, or coughing, (eſpecially in Child-bed, or being big with Child, Tenaſmus, hard Travel, a violent drawing the Child out of the Womb, or of the after-birth, or the expulſive Faculty of the womb, being violently provoked to expel a dead Child, after birth, or the Mole, and many ſuch like Accidents may be the cauſe of the breaking of the Ligaments, and falling out of the Womb. A Relaxation of the Ligaments may be cauſed by a long Defluxion, by Crudityes, the Whites: external Cauſes may be prevalent, as bathing in cold water; the Southern or moiſt Air being received into the Womb, ſoon after a lying in, Meat of a cold and moiſt Nature; to conclude, all Meats, Drinks, and Actions, which will breed Phlegm, or cauſe its Deflux into the Womb.

This Diſeaſe needs no Signes to diſcover it by, it being apparent to the Senſe: the cauſes may be thus diſtinguiſhed. If it come by Looſeneſſe of the Ligaments, it cometh by little and little, the pain is leffe, cauſes, moyſtening the Womb have preceded. If it come by a Rupture, there is a violent pain; ſometimes Blood ſtarteth out, and ſuch cauſes, which have been able tobreak the Ligaments, have preceded.

If the womb fall down by a rupture of the Ligaments, it is incurable. That which comes by a relaxation of the Ligaments is not very dangerous, but troubleſome to the patient, it hinders her walking, conception, and monthly Purgation. In young Women it is caſlier reſtored to its place, than in elderly. The womb coming not far out, and if taken in time, the Cure is farr more eaſy then if the contrary happen. Sometimes grievous and violent Pains do attend it, and threaten Death. Sometimes the Air corrupteth the womb, and it becomes gangrenated, ſo that there is a Neceſſity that it be cut off.

You muſt begin the Cure with ſuch Medicines that may diſcharge the Guts and Bladder of their Exerements, that they may not hinder the Reduction of the womb. Then let her ly upon her Back with her Thighs wide aſunder, and draw up her Knees, and let her with her own hands, or by the help of a Mid wife, thruſt the womb inwards, or (that you may drive it in farther and hurt her leſſe) make a Peſſary of linnen cloaths, and with it thruſt up the womb; firſt anoint it with the Oyl of Lillyes, and, if it be ſwelled, uſe a Fomentation of Althaea, common Mallows, Fenugreek, and the like. Before you repoſe the womb to its place, anoint it with the Muſilage of Comphry Roots, or Infuſion of Gum Traganth, or any thing that is of a glowing Nature. When it is up, let the woman ly with one Thigh over the other, and put up toward the Neck of the womb, a little wool wetted in ted wine or Roſewater, wherein Acatia and Hypocyſtis hath been diſſolved. Rodericus à Caſtro adviſeth the Phyſitian to come with a red hot Iron, and to make as if he would thruſt it into the womb: Avenzoar, and Zacutus Luſitanus, after the uſe of all means and devices, by this Stratagem reduced the womb, that is, having laid her down as before ſaid, and one held down her Thighs and another her Breaſt, then put her into a great fright, by ſetting Mice or Frogs to run up her Legs and Thighs, by this fright the womb hath been reduced into its proper place for by this means. Nature contracteth her ſelf for fear, and draweth the womb with her. Then lay a plaiſter againſt Ruptures, on the Region of the womb and Groins: and have a care that you keep the Body that it be not coſtive nor too ſoluble. To conclude, all the Medicines externall and internall, preſcribed againſt the immoderate flowing of the Menſtrues, are here good: but beware you uſe them not when the Courſes ſhould flow; and, leſt by the frequent uſe of ſuch Medicines, they ſhould be hindered, your Patient being young, & having her Courſes monthly, be ſparing in the uſe of them; but rather let her wear a Truſſe.

CHAP. LXXIX. Of Barrenneſſe.

BArrenneſſe or Sterility is an impotency of Conception; the principall cauſes thereof are four; firſt, when the Woman doth not conveniently receiv the Man's Sperm into her Womb; and this happeneth by divers cauſes, viz. If the Woman be too young, and the Neck of the Womb too ſtrait for the Man's Yard; the ſame happens to elderly Virgins, being not exerciſed in actions tending to Generation, their genitall parts become flaggy, withered, & ſo ſtreight that they canot eaſily admit of the Man's Yard; ſome are lame and crooked that they cannot ly in a fit poſture; ſome have a cold Diſtemper in the Womb, that they are dull and have no delight in the act: others are very fat, which cauſeth a Streightneſſe in the paſſage, or their Bellyes, being big, hinder their due conjunction with the Man. Want of love between a Man and his Wife is a great cauſe. Diſeaſes in the Womb or the adjacent parts, hinder the Reception of the Seed. The ſecond cauſe of Barrenneſſe is when the Woman doth not retain the Seed of the man in her Womb, for ſometimes the Womb is moiſt and ſlippery, and full of excrementitious Humours, by which means the Sperm doth eaſily ſlide back again; and the Orifice of the Womb is ſo looſe & flaggy, that it cannot contract it ſelf to hold the Seed: or it may be ſo ſlack that it cannot contract to do its Office; and this Slackneſſe may be occaſioned by a breaking of the Fibres of the Womb one from another, in hard Labour, or Abortion: to ſay all, the Whites, or any moiſt Diſtemper of the Womb, may be the cauſe of Barrenneſſe. Thirdly, want of ſufficient Nouriſhment of the Womb to cheriſh the Seed may be the cauſe of Barrenneſſe, and this comes to paſſe by any Diſtemper of the Womb that doth corrupt the Seed: a cold Diſtemper extinguiſheth, a hot Diſtemper diſſipateth the Spirits in the Seed: a moiſt Diſtemper hindereth the Seeds coming to its due Thickneſſe, and a dry Diſtemper conſumes and drinks up the moiſture of the Seed. Some ſay, Witchcraft and Charms may be the cauſe; certain Meats and Poyſons, many things are antipathetical to Faecundity, as Vinegar, Mints, Water-creſſes, Beans, and ſuch like, Jet, Glow-Worms, Saphires, Smaragds, the Matrice of a Goat of Mule, malignant Diſeaſes may corrupt Seed and hinder Conception, as ſtinking Ulcers, the French Pox, leprous Infections, and the like. The fourth thing that hinders Conception is when the Woman wants fit materialls for the formation of the Embrio, & to augment the ſame; and this chiefly dependeth upon want of ſeed & menſtruous blood; and this defect happeneth to thoſe that are too young or too old, the determined & approved age is from fourteen to 50. Likewiſe the materials may be ill diſpoſed through evill diet, which cannot breed blood or good ſeed, Diſeaſes weakening nature may cauſe the ſame. Add to all theſe cauſes a diſproportion or unſureableneſſe between the man's Sperm and the Woman's, that is when the man and the Woman are of one Complexion, by which means the ſeed of either of them partake of the ſame exceſſe, that is that they are either too hot or too cold; hence it cometh to paſſe that the ſame Woman who could never have a Child by her Husband, after his Death, hath Children by another man, and a man by another Woman. Sometimes a man and Woman live ten years, or more, together and have no Children, and afterwards the woman conceaveth and bringeth forth, and this cometh to paſſe by the change of Temperature cauſed by years.

I ſhould now lay down the Signs of all theſe cauſes, but moſt of them are evident to the Senſes; and the reſt, he who cannot diſcover hath not a Head befitting a Phyſitian: therefore, to abbreviate the work, I ſhall leav it to the ſearch of the Ingenious, and trouble the Reader with a few Rules, left by the Ancients, to try whether a Woman be naturally barren or no, Hippocrates adviſeth to wrap the Woman cloſe in Blankets, and burn ſome Perfume under her, and if the Smell proceed through her Body, to her Mouth or Noſtrills, then certainly ſhe is fruitfull. The ſame Author adviſeth to put a clove of Garlick peeled into her womb, or Galbanum, and if the Smell come to her Head or Mouth, judg that ſhe is fruitfull. Amatus Luſitanus to try whether a Woman be fruitfull or no, giveth a Drachm of Hares Runner, diſſolved in warm water, to the Woman, being in a Bath of hot water, faſting; and if the Woman findeth pains in her Belly, he judgeth her fruitfull, if ſhe hath no pain, he judgeth her barren. Some ſteep Barly in the Urine, and if it ſhoot within ten dayes, they judg the Woman fruitfull. Before you try theſe uncertain concluſions upon the Woman, examine the man, and ſee if the fault be not in him. It is known thus, if the man be unable to raiſe his yard, if he want Sperm, if he hath a ſwelling in his Stones, or if he have the Running of the Reins, he is not fit for Venus School. If the man be of an effeminate Spirit, if he hath no Beard, if he be long caſting forth his Seed, and taketh little delight in the act, and the Woman in the act feeleth his Seed cold, be ſure the man is unfruitfull; Or Cauſes, which may make the Seed unfruitfull, have preceded.

Prog: Theſe that conceave not by reaſon of tenderneſſe of age, have great hopes to live to have better ſucceſſe: but if ſhe live above forty and never conceaved, ſhe hath little reaſon to hope. If Barrenneſs be cauſed by Fatneſſe, or any Diſtemper or Diſeaſe whatſoever, if the Woman can procure Leanneſſe, or have her Diſtemper removed, ſhe may conceave. But if Barrenneſſe be cauſed by evill ſhape of the Members, it is likely to continue.

In the cure, you muſt endeavour that whatſoever hindereth may be removed. If tenderneſſe of age be the cauſe, let her wait the time; in the mean while let her refuſe carnall Embracements, leſt her genitall Members be ſpoiled. If it be cauſed by Age, that is incurable by weakneſſe of Nature, you may endeavour to ſtrengthen the Body and revive the Spirits, but it is difficult. If the Body be too corpulent, or too manly, you muſt extenuate, moiſten, and cool. If any Diſtemper of the Womb hinder Conception, labour to remove the Diſtemper. If a hot Diſtemper be the cauſe, cure it as a hot Diſtemper of the Liver. If drineſſe be the cauſe, uſe a reſtorative Diet, ſuch as is preſcribed in the Chapter Of the Hectick Feaver. If it be cauſed hy Witch-craft, next to fervent and devout prayers to god, and a confident deſpiſing and ſlighting of Charmes and Witch-crafts, let the Woman wear the Pizzle of a Wolf about her, or the Adamant or Hyacinth Stone, which are much commended againſt Faſcination, likewiſe Sea Onions, Sea Holly, Sagapenum, Rue, and St John's W rt, (which ſome call the Divell driver) are of great efficacy. But for the moſt part a cold and moiſt Diſtemper of the Womb and of the Body, being accompanied with the Whites, is the cauſe, whoſe particular cure you may find in its proper Chapter. You muſt purge the cold phlegmatick Humours, you muſt make Iſſues in the Arm, Neck, or Thighs, and give ſuch things as ſtrengthen the Womb. Some things there are, which have a peculiar virtue to cauſe Faecundity and remove Barrenneſſe, viz. the After-Birth of a Woman dried and beaten to powder, and given to the quantity of a Drachm. The Stones of a Bore pig and the Liver, which was farrowed alone without any more in that Litter. Half a pint of the Juyce of Sage taken a quarter of an hour before the Woman enjoy her Husband, it is beſt for her to take it ſoon after ſhe hath had her monthly Purgation. Rejecting the multiplicity of Medicines which I might here inſert, I ſhall content my ſelf and the Reader with one or two of the beſt of them, and firſt, an excellent Electuary may be made thus: Take of the Roots of Eringo, and Dogs Stones called Satyrion candied or preſerved, of each, one Ounce: Green Ginger candied, half an Ounce: Pine and Filbert kernells, and Piſtachios, of each, ſix Drachms: one preſerved Nutmeg: the Seeds of Rocket and Water-creſſes, of each, two Drachms: Aſhes of a Bulls Pizzle, the Reins of the Sea Scinkos, and Shavings of Ivory, of each, one Drachm: Confection of Alchermes, three Drachms: the Powders Diambra and Diamoſhe Dulce, of each, one Ounce and an half: Ambergreeſe, half a Drachm: with Sirrup of preſerved Citrons, make an Electuary: and let the Woman take the quantity of a Cheſnut to Bedward, twice or thrice in a week, and drink a glaſſe of Sack after it: Quercetanus doth much commend this Decoction following: Take of the Stones of a Ram, prepared with Wine and dryed; the Matrix of a Hare, prepared in the ſame manner; Mace, Cinnamon, Cloves, white Ginger, and Seeds of Ammeos, of each, two Drachms: Saffron, a Drachm and an half: Hazell-Nut kernells, and Piſtachios, of each, three Drachms: boil them in a quart of Muſcadine, till a third part be conſumed: let her take three or four Ounces of it, for three dayes together, three houres before Meat, then let her upon the fourth day, have Geniall Embracements with her Husband. Likewiſe externall Medicines, as Peſſaries, Injections, Fumigations, ſuch as have power to cleanſe, dry, and ſtrengthen the Womb, may be applyed: the afore-going Chapters will direct you.

CHAP. LXXX. Of Miſcarriage.

ABortion or Miſcarriage is the bringing forth of a Child, either dead or alive, having not attained to the juſt Term of growth, which it ought to have had. The Cauſes are either externall or internall: the externall cauſes do either kill the Child, deprive it of its naturall Nouriſhment, or looſen the bands, by which the Child is faſtened in the Womb. Things that kill the Child are, the Stink of a Candle, or ſuch abominable Smells, ſuch things as are antipatheticall to the Womb, and provoke the Courſes, ſtrong purges, or the Child may be killed by violent Commotions of the Mind, as Anger, Sadneſſe, Terror, &c. and many times things longed for, and not obtained, kill the Child. If the Mother undergo Penury or Famine, or loſe much Blood, the Child wanteth Nouriſhment. The Bands, by which the Child is faſtened to the Womb, may be looſned by violent Excerciſe, dancing, running, riding, being jumbled in a Cart or Coach, by ſome fall, lifting, or carrying: any thing which cauſeth a violent motion of the Belly, as Coughing, Sneezing, Vomiting, Convulſions, &c. or immoderate Copulation. Internall cauſes of Abortion may be attributed, to the Humours, to the Child, to the Womb. Humours offend in exceſſe or defect; in exceſſe, in a plethorick and full conſtitution, when more Blood flows to the Womb, then is requiſite to nouriſh the Child, and flows to the Veins, ſo the Courſes flowing provoke the expulſive Faculty, and drive forth the Child. Defect of Humours fit to nouriſh, ſpring from ſuch cauſes, which deſtroy the Nouriſhment or draw it from the Child, as long faſting, loathing, and vomiting up of all Food, immoderate bleeding at the Noſe, Womb, or Haemorhoids, or a Looſeneſſe, or any thing that makes the Body lean or weak.

The cauſes attributed to the Child are, if the Child be over great, if there be more then one, for the womb overladen, doth exclude the Child before the fit time: likewiſe if the Child be dead, Nature deſires to be rid of it. In reſpect of the Womb, if it be any way diſeaſed or defective, that it cannot open as the Child groweth bigger: or if it be moiſt or ſlack, it cannot contain the Child, but Abortion muſt neceſſarily follow.

Abortion when it happens is known: there are ſigns preceding it, which do foretell Abortion to follow: her Breaſts grow little and flaggy, ſhe feels a heavineſſe about the Loius and Hips, ſhe hath no appetite to eat, nor deſire to ſtirr, ſhe hath a ſhivering by Fits, ſhe hath Streightneſſe of the Sides and Belly above the Navell, and a pain in her Head: plenty of Milk flowing from the Dugs, ſhews that the Child is weak, and danger of Abortion. If pains about the Reins, Loins, and Share, torment the Woman, then know that Abortion is hard at hand: the ſame judg, if Blood or Water burſt out and flow; and the Scituation of the Child is changed from the middle of the Belly to the Bottom. If any of theſe or the like Symptoms befall a Woman with Child after any externall cauſe of Abortion, as Blow, Fall, &c. let the Woman betake herſelf to her Bed and take ſuch Medicines which prevent Abortion.

Prognoſticks of Abortion are thus made: Women are more endangered by Abortion, then by a naturall, and timely Birth, becauſe in a timely Birth the Veſſels and Ligaments are looſned and opened of their own accord, but in Miſearriage they are broken in ſunder; the like you may perceive between the Stalk of ripe and unripe fruit. Women many times become barren by Miſcartiage, becauſe the womb is rent, and its natur all diſpoſition much altered. Much bleeding, ſeconded with Convulſions, raving, and fainting, is alwayes deadly. If an Inflammation of the Womb follow Abortion, it is deadly. In young Women, who never bore Child before, it is worſt, becauſe the paſſage is narrower, and they more unaccuſtomed to pains. The bigger the Child is, the more the danger. Women who have moiſt and ſlippery Wombs, do often miſcarry and with little danger.

To prevent Miſcarriage, you muſt, before and after ſhe is with Child, endeavour to remove all evill diſpoſitions of the Body or Womb, that may cauſe Miſcarriage, if Blood abound open a Vein, purge the peccant Humours, ſtrengthen the Womb: but if the Woman be with Child, beware how you bleed, except it be in the firſt month, and the Body full of Blood: and in this caſe, let Purges be gentle and often reiterated. To conclude, to ſtreng then the Womb fetch Medicines from the 73 Chapter.

CHAP. LXXXI. Of hard Travel in Child-birth.

HArd Labour is when more vehement Pains and dangerous Symptomes happen to Women in Travell, and continue a longer time. There are divers cauſes, ſome whereof may be aſſigned to the weakneſs of the Womans Body, Leanneſſe or Drineſſe as well as Fatneſſe of the Body, her Age, or Sickneſſes, as the Stone or preternaturall Tumor in the Bladder, or any Diſeaſe of the womb. Other cauſes may be aſſigned to the Child, when its Body or Head is too big, when there are two, or when the Child is dead: or when it endeavours to come forth with his Feet, Hands, Back, Belly, or Breech, &c. A cold and dry Air, and Northern Wind, ſtreightneth the Body, and driveth the Spirits inward, and is obnoxious to the Child's firſt entrance into the world. If the Air be more hot then ordinary, it is as bad as the former, for it diſſipates the Spirits, exhauſts the Strength, and introduceth feavouriſh Diſtempers into the Bodyes of Mother and Child. Meats of a hard digeſture or aſtringing quality taken a little before the time of Delivery, Sleepineſſe and Sortiſhneſſe, the Retention of Excrements, all vehement Paſſions of the Mind, want of an expert Midwife, and Women to aſſiſt the labouring Woman, may be cauſes of hard Labour.

Hard Labour is eaſily known to the Woman herſelf, to the Midwife, and the Aſſiſtants. The time of a naturall Birth ought to be accompliſhed in the ſpace of twenty four houres, if the Woman continue a longer time, it is hard Labour. If her pains be weak and long before they return, and more about her Back then Privityes, the cauſes may eaſily be known; many you may gather from the Relation of the Woman in Travell, her Leanneſſe, Weakneſſe, Fatneſſe, and Age is perceived. Diſeaſes of the Womb and Bladder may be known by their proper Signes. The Bigneſs, and diſorderly Poſture of the Child, is ſoon ſeen by an expert Midwife. If the Child be dead, you may know it by theſe Signs, the Breaſts of the Woman become flat and flaggy, her Eyes hollow and troubled, her Face and Lips are of a pale and leaden colour, her Belly is cold & there is a Senſe of Weight: there is no Motion felt, though you apply ſomthing wetred in the Decoction of Tanſy warm to her Navell. When the Woman turnes, the Child ſways that way like Lead. If the after-Birth come away before the Child, it is a Sign of the Death of the Child. And if the Child cometh not away, it ſoon putrifieth, and ſtinketh, and ſtinking Moiſture floweth from the womb, and their Breath ſtinketh.

Hard Labour is dangerous, for ſometimes the Mother, ſometimes the Child, and ſometimes both do loſe their lives. Sleepy Diſeaſes and Convulſions, if they befall a Woman in Travell, death is at hand. If the Woman be in Travell above three dayes, it is likely the Child will dy. If the Woman fall a ſneezing in her Travell it is good, ſaith Hippocrates. If the Child be dead, the danger is exceeding great; eſpecially, if it be not brought ſoon away, for it will cauſe Feavers, Faintings, Convulſions, dead Sleeps, and death it ſelf.

In difficult Labour, firſt all cauſes, which hinder the Birth, muſt be removed, if it be poſſible; then ſuch things as further the Birth muſt be adminiſtred. An Ounce of Oyl of ſweet Almonds, and a Drachm of Confectio Alchermes given in Broth is good. Burn white Wine with a little Saffron and Cinnamon, afterwards diſſolve a little Alchermes, this I have found very powerfull to haſten the Birth. If you find this Medicine too gentle, make a Julep of more efficacy, thus: Take of the Water of Mugwort, and Vervain, of each, two Ounces: the Sirrup of Maiden-hair, one Ounce: Confectio Alchermes, half a Drachm: Dittany of Creet, and both Birth worts, of each, one Scruple: Oyl of Cinnamon, five Drops, mix them, and make a Potion: Oyl of Amber, fifteen Drops; or the Extract of Saffron, five Grains; may be either of them mixed inſteed of the Oyl of Cinnamon. Provoke ſneezing, and open the lower Veins if need be. Then let the Midwife anoint the Mouth of the womb, with the Oyl of Lillyes and Sweet Almonds, and the like: and foment the Belly with a mollifying Decoction: and in a dangerous caſe give a ſharp Cliſter. Some things have a peculiar property to help the Birth, as the Stone Aetitis, Loadſtone, and Storax held neer the Privityes; the Eyes of a Hare taken out in the month of March and dryed, uſe it as the Stones, and when the Woman is delivered take them away, leſt it draw out the Womb. Some commend the Gall of an Hen, applyed to the Navell.

If the Child be dead, give the ſame things before mentioned, but it is convenient to make them ſtronger, by adding Savin Water and the Leavs of Savin dried, the Troches of Mirrh and Caſtor. Then foment the Privityes and Share with a mollifying Decoction, to which add Briony Roots, and the Roots of wild Cucumber, round Birth-wort, and the like. And put up a Peſſary made in this manner: Take of the Roots of round Birth-wort, Orice, black Hellebore; Coloquintida and Mirrh, of each, one Drachm: Galbanum, Opopanax, of each, half a Drachm, with Ox Gall, make a Peſſary and apply it. If all this will not do, you muſt implore the help of the Chirurgion.

If the After-birth be retained, you muſt endeavour to expell it by ſuch Medicines as expell the dead Child: to which add theſe which are ſaid to have a ſpecifick property, the Stones of a gelded Horſe, dried and powdered, and given as much as will ly on a three pence, two or three times as need requireth, is commended by Geſnerus and Augenius. Some commend the Juyce of an Onion given in Wine, or an Onion held in the Woman's mouth, between her teeth, and the Juyce ſqueezed out and ſwallowed, and a Draught of white-Wine drunk after it: Or 20 or 30 drops of the Oyl of Juniper drunk in Wine; or the Juyce of Lovage taken in Reniſh Wine.

If her Purgations flow immoderately, that you fear the Death of the Woman; or in caſe her Purgations be ſuppreſſed, which may cauſe dangerous Symptoms, have Recourſe to the Chapters treating of thoſe Maladyes.

Many Women are much troubled with after-pains, which do much afflict them, and theſe pains, are cauſed either by the Thickneſſe, or Sharpneſſe of the Blood; or by Wind. If the Blood be thick, you may know it by its clotting: if thin, by its Tenuity or yellow Colour. If the Blood be thick, give this Julep: Mugwort water, two Ounces: ſirrup of Violets, & oyl of ſweet Almonds, of each, half an Ounce: If the Blood be ſharp, add to the former, the Muſilage of Quince Seeds drawn with Violet Water, half an Ounce: If Wind be the Cauſe of theſe Pains, which you may know by its Motion from one part of the Belly to the other, then give inwardly and apply outwardly carminative Medicines; Take of the Seeds of Carrots, one Drachm: of Anniſe, Nutmeg, and Cinnamon, of each, a Scruple, make them into fine Powder, and give it half at one time in Wine. Foment her Belly with the Decoction of Bawm, Bay Leavs, Camomill, Calamint, Mugwort; and the Seeds of Carrots, Caraway, and Cummin, and lay on a Pultiſe made of boiled Onions, Camomill Flowers, the Seeds of Flax and Cummin beaten, and Barly Meal.

CHAP. LXXXII. Of the Gout and Sciatica.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Arthritis in Greek, in Latine Articularis Morbus, is the Joynt-Sickneſſe, cauſed by an Influx of Humours into them, which cauſeth pain in the Membranes, Tendons, and Nervs. Authors do commonly make four ſorts of Gouts, according to the diverſity of the Joynts affected, as 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Chiragra the Hand-Gout, of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a Hand; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Gonagra when it is in the Knees, of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the Knee: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Podagra, when it is in the Foot, becauſe the Greeks call the Foot 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 : 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Iſchias, the Hip-Gout or Sciatica, of the word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the Hip. The immediate cauſe of the Gout is a wheyiſh Humour flowing to the Joynts, and by its Quantity ſtretcheth the ſenſible parts, or by its Sharpneſſe twitcheth them, and this Humour floweth not onely from the Brain and Head, but from all parts of the Body. The cauſe may be attributed to all Meats, which encreaſe raw and wheyiſh Humours; Meats of a groſſe Subſtance hard to be digeſted, and ſuch as afford plenty of Excrements; Gluttony, Drunkenneſſe, immoderate Venery, (therefore the Gout is called the daughter of Bacchus and Venus;) long Sleep, and unſeaſonable Watchings, Fear, Sadneſſe, continuall care, and intermiſſion of ſuch Excerciſes or Evacuations as men have been accuſtomed to, and the like.

The beginning of the Gout is known thus, there is a more exquiſite and quick Senſe in the Joynts then formerly: they are eaſily hurt, as by a new ſhooe, walking, the leaſt touch againſt any hard thing. Commonly a Feaver uſhers it in: and at its approach there is a kind of unuſuall Heat felt in the Joynts, and a Motion, as if ſome living Creature were therein: after which, followeth a tormenting pain in the Joynts, for the moſt part beginning in the great Toe, and attended with Redneſſe and Swelling.

The Signes of the cauſes, or the Humours, which are mixed with the wheyiſh Humours, are thus conſidered. If choller be mixed with the wheyiſh Humour, the Urine is thin, yellowiſh or red, the pain great and violent, the Feaver comes to the height, the part is ſwelled, is red or pale, but very hot, the application of cold things giveth eaſe. If Phlegm be mixed, there is a ſoft and looſe ſwelling of the part, the pain not ſo violent; the Urine is thick and troubled, little or no Heat, and hot things give eaſe. If Melancholy be the Humour mixed, the Temper of the Body inclineth to Melancholy, and there is a wearineſſe felt all over, the part is of an obſcure Colour like Lead, the pain deep, and the Urine thick and melancholy.

The Gout is no dangerous Diſeaſe, but it continueth long, and is attended with violent pain, for the moſt Part to the end of a man's life, and ſometimes it is a means of long life; becauſe Nature doth drive the vitious Humours to the Joynts, which, if they ſhould fall upon the more noble parts, would be a means of great Diſeaſes, if not death it ſelf. But in weak Bodyes, that are decayed by Sickneſſe or Age, that Nature cannot expell theſe Humours to the Joynts, many dangerous Diſeaſes are ingendered. He that hath no knots in his Joynts, is inclinable to Labour, and is for the moſt part ſoluble; by a skillfull Phyſitian, may be cured. An haereditary Gout is ſeldom or never cured. If the Veins of a gouty Perſon do ſwell with black Blood, there is hopes that the Gout leavs him. If the Gout doth not return at its ſeaſon it is dangerous, unleſſe the matter be taken away by Medicines, for it is an argument that Nature is weak, and cannot expell it.

The Cure of the Gout is to be performed by ſtopping the Flux of the Humours into the Joynts: by removing the Humours in the Joynts: and to abate the Sharpneſſe of the pain. If the Patient be full of Blood and ſtrong, let him bleed in a great Quantity, or let him blood often, till the plenitude of Blood be ſufficiently abated. Then let him be purged with ſtrong Medicaments, which may evacuate the ſtirred Humour, and turn the cauſe from the Joynts. Whilſt you are purging, let Ointments or Plaiſters, be applyed to the Joynt above the part affected, of an aſtringeing and drying property; by which the Humours may be intercepted, that they may not ſo much nor ſo forcibly fall into the Joynt, Let your Ointments be made of the Roots of Snake-weed and Tormentill, Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, Pomgranate Rinds, Balauſtians, red Roſes, the Whites of Egs, Vinegar, Oyl of Roſes, of unripe Olives, and the like. If the Patient be ſtrong and eaſy to vomit, give a gentle Vomit to carry away the Humours in and about the Stomach; ſoon after vomiting purge ſtrongly. Sweating Medicines are very good to diſcuſſe the wheyiſh Matter; if a Feaver be preſent, give Harts-horn with Carduus water. In a Gout without a Feaver, the Decoction of Saſſafras, Salſa, and China, may be given; it is not amiſſe if the Heat thereof be allayed, by boiling with it Endive, Succory, Sorrell, Burrage, Bugloſſe, and the like. The Waters of Bath do provoke Sweat, and do readily and profitably diſcuſſe the Matter contained in the Joynts. Forreſtus commendeth the Decoction of the Root of the great Burdock, for this purpoſe. Likewiſe a Decoction of Elder, Bay Leavs, Sage, Roſemary, and ſuch like, receiving the Vapour in a ſweating Tub. Afterwards come to locall Medicines: Amatus Luſitanus doth commend the Milk of a Goat, milked warm upon the part affected, or you may make a Cataplaſm with it and white bread, and the Muſilage of the Roots of Marſh-Mallows, the Leavs of Henbane, Violets, and the like, and if the pulp of Caſſia, and Venice-Treacle be added, it will be much more effectuall. The diſtilled Water of Frogs Spawn is very good againſt the pains of the hot Gout, if the part be bathed therewith; with it you may mingle the Oyl of Calves Feet, or with the Flowers of Camomill, Melilot, Roſes, Mullein, Mallows beaten, you may bring it into the form of a Poultis. Green Tobacco leavs are much commended, and ſo is a living Whelp laid to the gouty part. When the Pain rageth violently, uſe Narcoticks: as Plantane, Lettice, Henbane, Houſleek, Night-ſhade, Mandrakes, Purſlane, and Poppy Heads; but be ſure you let them not ly on too long, for they are inimicall to the naturall Heat, and to the Nervs. Some do commend this Fomentation: Take Spirit of Wine, well tinctured with Saffron, four Ounces: Camphire, one Scruple: boil them a little, and diſſolve one Drachm of Opium; and bathe the pained part. The Oyl of Wax is good to eaſe the Gout, and the Oyl of Mans Bones is preferred before all other, and it is thus made: Take the Bones of a man freſh and unburied, break them ſmall, and let them ly in Oyl till they have drunk up as much as they can, then diſtill them in a Retort. The Root of Briony and Cuckow-pintle, bruiſed & mingled with Cow dung, is an excellent Cataplaſm. I might here fill a Volume with Receipts againſt the Gouts; but paſſing by all, I ſhall onely inſert one or two out of Quercetanus his Diſpenſatory: Take Brine, Salt, and the Urine of a Boy; of each, equall parts: diſtill them, and dip linnen Cloaths in the Water, and apply them to the place affected, changing them often. Take green Elder Leavs and Flowers, of each, one pound: beat them in a Morter, and macerate them in Aqua-Vitae, three dayes, then distill them till all be dry, uſe it as before. Take of rectifyed Spirit of Wine, two pound; of the best Hony, one pound: diſtill them in Balneo Roris, from which will come two Liquors, the firſt wateriſh; the ſecond ſtrong and ſulphurous: keep them by themſelvs. To the Foeces add of orientall Saffron whole, one Ounce and an half; Venice Turpetine, two Ounces: Caſtor, ſix Drachms: Tartar calcined white, half a pound: Salt diſſolved, one Ounce; Phlegm of Vitriol not ſeperated from the Spirit, four Ounces: Lye made of the Aſhes of Vine Branches, two pound: macerate them twenty four hours, then diſtill them till all be dry, keep this alſo by it ſelf. To the Dregs remaining pour on the former Water, which you kept, macerate and diſtill as before; Laſtly, put all theſe Waters together, and diſtill them in Balneo Roris, wet linnen Cloths therein, and apply it to the gowty place. Riverius Lib. 10. Ch. 1. p. 378. preſcibeth another, which he accounts inferiour to none, which penetrates into the Roots of the Diſeaſe, and reſolveth and attenuateth the ſalt, tartarous, and ſtony Matter in the Joynts; and he ſuppoſeth it to be that which the aforeſaid Quercetanus reſervs to himſelf, as his Maſter-peice to brag of; it is thus made: Take of •… ſlaked Lime, four pound: ſlake it in River water as much as is convenient, and let it ſtand in a Wine Cellar the ſpace of three dayes, that the Salt may be extracted the better: afterwards boil it a little and ſtrain it through Hippocrates Sleev. In twenty Pints of this Liquor, quench firſt Plates of Steel, then of Copper made red hot, ſeven or nine times; thirdly, ten Ounces of Vitriol calcined till it be white; fourthly, half a pound of Antimony melted in a Crucible: fifthly, half a pound of Litharge or Ceruſe, heated in a Crucible: ſixthly, white Precipitate once waſhed, one Ounce and an half: laſtly, Eraſſe burnt and finely powdered, half an Ounce: after all this, let the Water ſtand in a Cellar the space of 10 dayes, afterwards boil it and strain it, and apply it with linnen Rags. To raiſe Bliſters upon the part, hath been found by experience to be very effectuall. In the uſe of all Medicines, take ſpeciall notice which do harm or hurt, for the Nature and Complexions of Men are divers, and the Excrements bred in ſeverall men are of divers kinds. Hence it is, that the ſame Diſeaſe doth much differ in ſeverall perſons; and what cures one, doth prejudice another; Therefore the Phyſitian ought to have ſeverall Medicines in readineſſe, and uſe th ſe that Reaſon and his Experience doth approve of.

To prevent its return, let the Patient bleed twice in a year, viz. at Spring and Fall; and purge 4 times in a year, and make uſe of ſweating Drinks, and frequent ſulphurous and nitrous Baths.

The Sciatica differeth nor from the other Gout onely in its Scituation, which is in the Hip, extending the pain to the top of the Buttock, the Loins, and Osſacrunt, and reacheth down the Hip and Leg even to the Foot.

This peculiar Prediction belongeth to this Diſeaſe, that if it continueth long, it putteth the Hip out of Joynt.

The Cure is performed allmoſt in the ſame manner with the other Gout. Firſt open the Vein in the Arm on the ſame ſide, afterwards open the lower Veins on the ſame ſide, viz. Vena Poplitea about the knee, or the Vein neer the outward Ancle called the Sciatica Vein, if you open the Vein on the contrary ſide, it will not do amiſſe; bleeding the Haemorrhoid Veins by Leeches doth wonderfully help thoſe that are Hipgouty, for there is a great conſent between thoſe Veins. But be not too forward to let Blood unleſſe you find Blood to abound. Then let the Humours be purged ſtrongly, by Pillulae Faetidae, or Hermodactylls, or the Powder of Hermodactylls compound, but beware how you give the latter except to ſtrong Bodyes. Mercurius Dulois with Scammony is much commended, and the Chymiſts do much eſteem of Mercuriall and antimoniall Purges; and many preferr Vomits before all. Then apply reſolving Decoctions made of the Roots of Briony, Danewort, the Leavs of Ground-Pine, Mint, Marjarom, Sage, Savin, Rue, Roſemary, Pennyroyall, &c. the Flowers of Camomill, Melilor, and Mallows; the Seeds of Flax, Fenugreek, Bay & Juniper Berryes, and ſuch like, and foment the part therewith. Alſo Juniper Berryes fryed in a pan, (being firſt beaten,) with Salt and Bran, and moiſtned with Canary Wine, and put in a Bag, and applyed warm. With the aforenamed Ingredients, Cataplaſms may be made; and with the Oyls following let the part be anointed, viz. Oyl of Camomill, Dill, Nord, Orice, Rue, Scorpions, Tiles, Turpentine, of Foxes, and the like: the Ointment of Marſh-Mallows, and Spaniſh Soap diſſolved in Spirit of Wine. This is much commended: Take a good Quantity of Snails, bruiſe them well in a Morter, then make Paſte with them and Rye Flower, adding a little Spirit of Wine: and faſten it to a Spit and roaſt it; a Liquor will drop from it, with which anoint the part, for it is of excellent Virtue. Then lay on this Plaiſter: Take of Shio-Pitch & Rozin, of each, two Ounces: Gum Ammoniacum diſſolved in Vinegar, and Emplaſtrmm Diachylon cum Gummis, of each, one Ounce: Brimſtone and Hermodactylls powdered, of each, three Drachms: Turpentine, three Drachms, and Wax ſufficient; make a Plaiſter. If the Diſeaſe do ſtill continue, proceed to a Veſicatory: add to the former Maſs for a Plaiſter, Cantharides their Wings taken off, Staveſ-acre, and Muſtard Seed, of each, one Drachm. In the whole courſe of the Cure let not frequent Cliſters be neglected. And if the Diſeaſe be old, make an Iſſue in the Leg on the ſame ſide, on the outſide of the Leg. If you find Symptoms of a Catarrh; which may occaſion the Sciatica by a Defluxion of Humours, make an Iſſue in the hinder part of the Head, and uſe other means to correct the Diſtempers of the Brain, See Chap. 9. by this means hath the Sciatica been cured, when all other means failed. Sometimes the Matter cauſing the Sciatica, doth impoſthumate; and after it is opened, there remains a filthy Ulcer, which, for the moſt part, pineth the Patient away, & brings him into a Conſumption; The Cure whereof belongeth to an expert Chirurgion.

CHAP. LXXXIII. Of one day-Feaver.

THis Diſeaſe is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Ephemera, in Latine Diaria Febris, in Engliſh One day-Feaver, becauſe, for the moſt part, it finiſheth in one day of its own Nature. It is cauſed by ſome internal cauſe, as ſome hot fiery Swelling on ſome part of the Body, or when ſome hot Excrements, ſhut up in ſome part, do offend the Heart, by Retention of Excrements and Obſtruction of the Veſſels, by which the Pores of the Skin are ſhut, and Tranſpiration is hindered. Or ſecondly it is cauſed by externall cauſes, as vehement Motions of the Body or Mind, by which the Spirits are inflamed, by being heated with the Sun, or Fire, by Surfetting, Drunkenneſſe, eſpecially, with Meats and Drinks of a hot Nature.

By what hath gone before, you may know this Feaver: the Pulſe is ſwift and great, and ſo he fetcheth his Breath; he is very hot, and his Head aketh. He hath no Shivering, Cold, nor Wearineſſe, unleſſe it came by the Heat of the Sun, or by cold. You muſt give the Sick ſuch things as are cooling & moiſtning, as cooling Broths, Barly Cream, Ptiſan Drink, ſmall Beer and Sugar, Water and Sugar, or mix Sirrup of Violets, Lemmons, or Maiden-hair, with his Drink. If the Diſeaſe was cauſed by the Heat of the Sun, give him cooling things, and lay him in a cooling Lodging, and anoint his Temples with Vinegar of Roſes. If he took his Feaver, being in the cold, provoke Sweat; the like obſerve if the Pores be obſtructed. If it come by over eating and drinking, let him take a Cliſter; If evill Humours abound in the Blood and Body, open a Vein and purge; if putrified Humours lodge in the Stomach, vomit. If it continue above three dayes, it degenerates into a ſimple Synochus, putrid, or Hectick Feaver.

CHAP. LXXXIV. Of the Feaver Synochus non-putrida.

IF the Feaver aforeſaid light upon a plethorick Body, or one who is groſſe and thick skinned, it turns to a ſimple Synochus.

It is known by the corpulent and ſwelling Habit of the Body, high Colour of the Face. He breathes with difficulty, he is much pained in his Head, and his Temples beat ſtrongly. The Pulſe is orderly, but quick and full. The Urine little differeth from its naturall colour, yet a little thick and red: and the Heat is not very violent. It laſteth to the fourth, and ſometimes to the ſeuenth day; if it ends not then, it degenerates into a putrid Feaver.

The Cure is to be performed by blood-letting, by cooling, and by opening the Pores of the Body. Before blood-letting, if the Patient be coſtive, and his Body foul, give an emollient and laxative Cliſter. Then give cooling Juleps, made of the Decoction of Barly and cool Herbs, or with their diſtilled Waters, as of Endive, Succory, Sorrell, Bugloſſe, Borrage, and the like, with the Sirrups of Succory, Lemmons, Vinegar, Violets, Pomgranates, and the like, adding ſome drops of Oyl of Vitriol; or boil in the diſtilled Waters Triaſantalon, or Diamargariton frigidum, leſt the Waters encreaſe Crudityes by their Rawneſs. Or you may make an Emulſion of Almonds, the great cold Seeds, and white Poppy Seeds, with Barly water, or the diſtilled Water of the aforegoing cooling Herbs. Galen adviſeth, to give the Patient cold water in great abundance, till his colour fade, but beware this Cure unleſſe the Patient be ſtrong, corpulent, and not full of ill Humours, and that he take it in the height of the Fit. I confeſſe I have ſeen many ſo cured, and have experimented it upon my own Body, but durſt not adviſe it. Anoint the Liver and Loyns with Unguentum Roſatum, Refrigerans Galeni, or Ceratum Santalinum. Or make an Epithem of the diſtilled Waters of Endive, Succory, Sorrell, &c. the three Sanders, and Powder of Diamargariton frigidum. If the Diſeaſe end not quickly after bleeding, purge with gentle things, that do not heat, nor much ſtirr the Humours, as Rubarb, Caſſia, Manna, Tamarinds, Sirrup of Roſes, Catholicon, and ſuch like.

CHAP. LXXXV. Of continuall putrid Feavers.

I Shall deſcribe the cauſes and Cures of all putrid Feavers in one Chapter, for though there are divers ſorts, yet the Cure is almoſt the ſame in all; therefore, laying aſide particular precepts, let the Judgment and Dexterity of every Phyſitian put a difference between them. I ſhall likewiſe wave many nice deſcriptions and definitions of Feavers, firſt, as not beneficiall to the young Student in Phyſick: ſecondly, as not befitting this Volume.

Synochus putrida is engendred of the ſame cauſes as the ſimple Synochus, as the ſhutting up of the Pores of the skin, and Obſtruction of the Veſſels by much Blood, or clammy Humours; by which means, the Transſpiration of fuliginous Vapours is hindered, and Putrefaction is bred in the Blood.

A continuall Tertian doth every third day afflict the Patient more then ordinary, and is cauſed by cholerick Humours putrifying in the Vena Cava. And it is cauſed by all things that may breed Choller, as violent Exerciſe, hot and dry Air, Faſting, Watching, Meats hot and dry, and a hot and dry Diſtemper of the Liver.

A Quoridian continuing, is a putrifying of phlegmatick Humours in the Veins; and afflicts the Patient more then ordinary every day, and doth for the moſt part aſſail phlegmatick perſons; and becauſe Phlegm is not eaſily putrifyed, this kind of Feaver is ſeldom ſeen.

The continuall Quartane is that which hath its Exacerbations or Fits every fourth day, and it is cauſed by the Putrefaction of Melancholy in the Vena cava, and is cauſed of any thing that breeds Melancholy and cauſeth it to putrify.

Of theſe Feavers there are accidentall differences, raiſed from their diſtinct Symptomes. Firſt, Febris ardens, or a burning Feaver, which is accompanied with theſe Symptomes, viz. an ardent burning Heat, and an unquenchable Thirſt; which is alſo divided into two ſorts, a Legitimate, or baſtard burning Feaver, a Synochus ardens and Ardens periodica, and they differ one from the other, only as the Choller cauſing them is more or leſſe ſharp, and neerer or farther from the heart. A Second ſort is Febris Colliquans, a melting Feaver, which in regard of the greatneſs of the Heat, doth melt the fat, and Fleſh, and ſometimes the Blood, and diſſolveth it by inſenſible Transpiration, Sweat, Urine, or Stool. It is cauſed by a ſharp, thin, and cholerick Matter, vehemently inflamed, unto which is joyned many times a malignant and peſtilent Quality. The third ſort is called Febris Horrifica, in which the Patient is troubled with ſhaking Firs; and it is cauſed by chollerick and phlegmatick Humours mingled together, which being unequally moved, ſtirreth up quaking; either becauſe the thin and ſharp Humours do twitch the ſenſible membranous parts, or the inflamed Choller putrifying, puts in Motion the Crudityes; or elſe Nature doth ſeek to ſhake off the crude undigeſted Humours, by this means th Heat being driven back to the Center, the extream parts of the Body become cold; and afterwards, the Heat comming forth again, they grow hot. Fourthly, there is another kind called Aſſades Febris, in which the Patient is very unquiet, tumbleth and toſſeth, and is ſick in his Stomach, and vomiteth. The fifth ſort is call d Elodes, in which the Patient, by reaſon of Putrefaction & Malignity of Humours, continually ſweateth, by which the Subſtance of the Body is waſted. The ſixth ſort is Febris Syncopalis, becauſe the Patient often ſwoons & faints away & it is cauſed by thin, ſharp, & venemous Choller, or by Phlegm, or abundance of Crudityes, together with a weakneſs of the Stomach. The laſt ſort is Epiala Febris, in which the Patient is ſenſible of Heat & Cold at one and the ſame time; and this is cauſed by glaſſy Phlegm mingled with bitter Choller, the Phlegm cauſeth a Senſe of Cold, and the Choller of Heat: or elſe it is cauſed by glaſſy Phlegm alone, partly putrified, and partly void of Putrefaction. For glaſſy and tough Phlegm doth not quickly putrify, but by degrees, and that which is not putrified following that which is putrified, hence comes a Senſe of Cold from the firſt, and Heat from the latter.

There are yet other ſorts of accidentall differences of continuall Feavers, which are called Symptomatick Feavers, which ariſe from the Inflammation and Putrefaction of the Humours in ſome of the Bowels, and of this kind are thoſe Feavers, which accompany the Frenzy, the Pluriſy, Squinzy, the Inflammation of the Lungs or Liver, and other Inflammations, Ulcers, or Impoſthumes of the internall parts, and may be known by the defects of the parts, which cauſe them. Yet take this Caution, that all theſe Feavers which accompany theſe Diſeaſes are not Symptomaticall, but ſometimes eſſentiall, and precede the Diſeaſe, as is commonly ſeen, that one may be ſick three or four dayes of a continuall Feaver, before any pain in the ſide or Symptome of the Pleuriſy appear, the ſam you may find preceding the other Diſeaſes, and is an Obſervation worth note, and of great Moment in the practiſe of Phyſick.

There are other peculiar and extraordinary Cauſes, which many times happen, of which Zechius propoundeth an extraordinary example, of a certain Infant, ſcarce two years old, who had a continuall Feaver, attended with grievous Symptomes, viz. Unquietneſſe, Convulſions, and Vomitings; the externall parts were cold, and the internall parts burned with Heat, for which cauſe they judged that ſome Malignity was joyned to the Feaver, which is ſeldom accompanied with ſuch Symptomes: at length the cauſe was found to ariſe from Blood putrifying in the Stomach; for the Infant being Tongue-tied, and a little before cut by a Chirurgeon, the Veins, beingcut, ſhed Blood, which, for want of care, fell into the Stomach; after the taking of Oyl of ſweet Almonds, it vomited clotted Blood, then by the help of a Cliſter, it voided more downwards, and the Feaver and its Symptomes ceaſed.

Theſe Feavers are known to be continuall by their Continuity, and the Putrefaction is known by a more ſharp and biting Heat then ordinary; the Pulſe is great, quick, and unequall, the Syſtole is quicker then the Diaſtole, becauſe Nature doth more ſtrive to expel the ſooty Vapours, then to draw in cold Air. The Fit beginneth with a cold Shaking, or ſome of theſe Symptomes, viz. Wearineſſe, Watching, troubled Sleeps, difficult Breathing, Pain of the Head and Stomach, Plenty of Excrements, Yawning, and Retching: when it comes to the height, theſe Symptoms are heightned, and ſeconded with Giddineſſe, Ravings, Hiccoughs, Heart-burning, Thirſt, and Blackneſſe and Roughneſs of the Tongue. Particular Signs demonſtrate peculiar differences. The Synochus putrida hath the ſame Signs, which are proper to Synochus ſimplex, but more vehement. Signs of a Feaver from Choller, are burning Pain, the Pulſe ſwift and quick, a fiery and crude Urine, without Sediment at the beginning, chollerick Vomits and Stools, Thirſt, and Bitterneſſe of the Mouth, Drineſſe and Blackneſſe of the Tongue, Want of Sleep, Raving, and the like. A Synochus putrida differs from a Synochus bilioſa in this, that the firſt hath Fits every third day, the other keeps the ſame Tenor.

A continuall Quotidian is known by theſe Signes, the Heat at firſt is more mild, afterwards more ſharp: the Pulſe is not ſo quick nor great as in the former; the Urine is at firſt white and troubled, afterwards red and thick; little Thirſt, no Sweat unleſſe ſalt Phlegm abound, the Face is ſwelled, bloat, and of a Lead Colour, and all Signs of Phlegm appear.

A continuall Quartane is known by this, that the Symptomes are not ſo violent as in the chollerick Feaver, and ſharper then in the phlegmatick or Quotidian. An appearance of cold, dry, melancholy-Symptomes, and the Fits invade the Patient more then ordinary every fourth day.

The burning Feaver is known by the Signes of a Feaver proceeding from Choller.

A melting Feaver is known by a fat and oyly Urine chollerick, fat, clammy, and ſtinking Stools, the Noſe ſharp, and a ſudden Conſumption of the whole Body.

I need not tell you how, ſhivering, or tumbling and toſſing Feavers are known.

Elodes is known by inordinate Sweats, abundance of Urine, and thick by reaſon of Putrefaction; the Stools ſhew an apparent Waſting, and the loſſe of Strength doth manifeſt the ſame.

Syncopalis Febris is known by the ſwooning Fits: Epiala, by Heat and Cold felt together: and Symptomatick Feavers, from the Diſeaſes from which they proceed.

Signa Prognoſtica: Synochus putrida is not without danger. If Signes of Concoction appear about the fourth day, the Diſeaſe will terminate about the ſeventh day. If Concoction appear not, and the Patient's Face is ſwelled, it will continue long. The redder the Urine is, the better, if Concoction appear; but with Signes of Crudity it threatens death. White Urine is worſt and threatens death. Chollerick Feavers are acute and dangerous, and ſo much the more, as the Symptomes are violent, and encreaſed above the naturall Temper of the Patient. A continuall Quotidian continueth long for the moſt part, becauſe of the thickneſs of the Humours, the more Evacuations the better; beware leſt it degenerate into a Chachexy or Dropſy. A continual Quartane is rare: ſometimes the quartane Ague degenerates thereunto, & is deadly, for the moſt part. The melting, ſweating, ſhaking, tūbling, ſwooning Feavers, are dangerous. Symptomatick Feavers are to be judged from the excellency of the part affected, the Nature of the Diſtemper, and the Validi •… y of the Patient's Strength.

Medicines in a cholerick Feaver ought to be cooling and moiſtning; in phlegmatick and melancholy, more warm and attenuate. Let the Air be cold and moiſt, let cool Water be ſprinkled upon the ground, with Herbs and Flowers, let the covering of his Bed be light and thin. Let his diet (if he eat any thing) be very ſharp, thin, and ſlender. Let his drink be Barly Water, and his Meat Barly Broths, Pavados, and ſuch like. If the Feaver be of long continuance, let the Sick make uſe of a fuller Diet, viz. of the Broth or Fleſh of Chickens, Hens, Capons, Partridges, Veal, Mutton, or Gellyes made with them. In his drink or Barly Water let cool Herbs be boiled, and give it a gratefull Relliſh with Spirit of Vitriol. If the Feaver ariſe from not and thin Choller, or if there be a Conſumption of the Lungs, Inflammation of the Stomach, bloody Flux, Ulcers of Kidneys and Bladder, or Piſſing of Blood; ſharp things are not good, but rather ſuch things as gently thicken, as Barly Water, with Sirrup of Violets, or of dryed Roſes. Sleep is very good and Watching hurtfull, yet overmuch Sleep doth overwhelm the naturall Heat, and hinder Evacuation: which ought to be made, and nothing to be retained, which ought naturally to be expelled. Firſt, Blood-letting doth diminiſh Plenitude of the Body and Veins, pulls back the Humours which cauſe Obſtructions cooles the Body, and makes it perſpicable, keeps back Putrefaction, and furthers Concoction. Therefore after the Patient hath had a Stool by Cliſter or otherwiſe, open a Vein, and bleed the Patient according to his Strength and preſent State. But this obſerve, that you bleed not in the extremity of the Fit. When Weakneſſe or Age will not permit a Vein to be opened, Copping-Glaſſes muſt be applyed. Frictions muſt not be uſed but in ſwooning Feavers. After you have let Blood, once, twice, or thrice, if you ſee occaſion, come to purge the morbifick Matter; the Medicines for this intent muſt be Caſſia, Manna, Tamarinds, Catholicum, Electuarium lenitivum, Diaprunum ſimplex, Sirrup of Roſes, and of Succory with Rubarb. Some do object againſt Rubarb for its Heat, Manna and Sirrup of Roſes becauſe it is ſweet and ſoon turned into Choller; but being mingled with cool things, or given in cool Waters, they can do no hurr. If the Stomach is much afflicted, and the Patient is troubled with Vomiting, you muſt underſtand that Nature endeavours to caſt out her enemy that way, & ſhe ought to be aſſiſted by a Vomit. The gentler ſort, and ſuch as are to be choſen for weak people, is the Oyl of Almonds, or common Oyl given in Barly Water; you muſt give a Pint at the leaſt, or elſe it will hardly work the effect. Sirrup of Vinegar or Oxymel given in the Decoction of Radiſhes. Every day or every other day give an emollient and refrigerating Cliſter, ſuch as Barly, Mallows, Violet leavs, and Mercury. Flowers of Camomill, and Melilot, Seeds of Dill and Fennell, &c. cooling Herbs are, Lettice, Endive, Succory; Houſleek, a Blade or two, Water-Lillyes: diſſolve therein Caſſia, Catholicon, Diaprunum ſimplex, the Hony of Violets, and Mercury, Oyl of Water-Lillyes, Violets, &c.

If the Diſeaſe ſpring from Phlegm, leave out the cooling Herbs, and diſſolve in it Hiera Picra, Diaphaenicon, Hony of Roſes and Mercury, Oyl of Camomill, Dill, or common Oyl. No abſolute and perfect Purgation ought to be adminiſtred, till the Morbiſick cauſe be ripened and digeſted, which muſt be done by Juleps, thus: Take of the distilled Waters of Endive, Succory, and Sorrell, of each, two Ounces; Sirrup of Lemmons and Violets, of each, one Ounce and an half; a little Oyl of Vitriol to ſharpen it; make a Julep, and let the Sick take a Spoenfull or two, often. Or you may make a Decoction of the Roots of Sorrell, Succory, Maiden-hair, Endive, Dandelion, Tamarinds, and ſuch like, and make a Julep with the aforeſaid ſirrups, or the Sirrup of Vinegar and Pomgranats. If the Choller by its ſharpneſſe cauſe a Flux, make Juleps which have a thickning Quality: Take of the waters of Lettice, Purſlane, and Plantane, of each, three Ounces: the Sirrups of Violets and Water-Lillyes, of each, one Ounce; of red Poppyes, half an Ounce; mix them and make a Julep. If the Feaver comes from a phlegmatick cauſe, you muſt give things more cutting and attenuating, as a Decoction of Agrimony, Maiden-hair, Betony, Carduus Benedictus, and the five opening Roots, Liquoriſh, Raiſons, and ſuch like; and the Sirrups of Vinegar, Maiden hair, and Byzantius, and Spirit of Vitriol. If it proceed from Melancholy make a Decoction of Ceterach, Burrage, and Bugloſſe, Maiden-hair, Fumitory, Dedder ſcordium, the Bark of Aſh, Capers, Tamarisk, and with any of their Sirrups, viz. Fumitory, Bugloſſe, &c. make a Julep. Or with ſuch like Ingredients, (according to the Nature of the peccant Humour) you may make phyſicall Broths, or Emulſions, and Almond Milks. Likewiſe, of the aforeſaid Ingredients you may make Epithems, Ointments, and ſuch like, to cool and well temper the Liver. Altering and preparing Humours uſed for ſome dayes together, you may make bold to purge with Scommoniate Medicines: as Diaphaenicon, Diaptugū ſoletivum, Electuarium de ſucco Roſarum, and Diacarthamum, and ſuch like, whoſe Doſes you ſhall find in the laſt Book. To ſtrengthen dejected Nature, make uſe of the Conſerve of Bugloſſe Roots, the leavs of Sorrell, and Wood-ſorrell, the Stalks of Lettice, the Flowers of Burrage, Bugloſſe, Violets, Succory, Roſes, Pulp of Citrons. Theſe Powders are pood, of Corall, Pearls, Ivory, Harts-horn, Diamargaritum frigidum, Diatriaſantalon, Diarrhodon Abbatis, Confectio Alchermes and de Hyacintho: with theſe may the Ingenious make Electuaryes, or other Compoſitions according to Art.

CHAP. LXXXVI. Of the Hectick Feaver.

AN hectick Feaver occupies the ſolid parts of the Body, as well as the Spirits; it is an unnaturall Heat, of which the Patient is ſcarce ſenſible. This Feaver is either primary, and begins of it ſelf, or ſecundary, and followeth ſome other Feaver. Some begin at the Heart, and ſome at other parts, as the Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, Womb, or other parts inflamed. The cauſes of this Feaver are externall or internall; Externall cauſes are all that may occaſion any of the other Feavers. The Internall Cauſes are burning and peſtilentiall Feavers, which do ſpeedily conſume the Moiſture of the Heart; or ſome lingring Feaver. An Inflammation, Ulcer, Putrefaction of any of the inward parts, may cauſe an hectick Heaver.

An hectick Feaver is known eaſily, becauſe it is continuall, without encreaſing or decreaſing, ſaving a little after Meat; the Pulſe is little frequent and quick; the Arteryes are hotter then the other parts; the Urine appeareth as of a healthy man, but after long continuance there is an Oyl ſwims on the top, and a Sediment like to Meal, which ſignifieth the Waſting of the Body.

An hectick Feaver may be cured, unleſſe it be neglected till it come to the height, that is, when the Eyes are hollow, dry with dry Excrements, the Bones ſtick out, and the Colour of the Face is gone, the Skin is dry, and the Midriff ſo contracted as if the Patient had no Guts, then it is incurable.

If the hectick Feaver depend upon the Diſeaſe of any other part, the Cure muſt be directed to that Diſcaſe; and if it be joyned with any other Diſeaſe, reſpect muſt be had to that Diſeaſe. The Cure of the hectick conſiſteth more in a due obſervance of Diet, then in Medicines. His Diet muſt be cool & moiſten, and ſoon nouriſh; as Chicken Broths, or Broth made of Hens, Capons, Veal, Kid, Mutton; in which boil French Barly, Lettice; Endive, Succory, Sorrell, Burrage, Purſlane, and ſuch like. The Fleſh of young Hares, Pheaſants, and young Partridges are good; Panados, Water Gruell, Barly cream, Rice pottage, with Almonds or the cold Seeds. Boiled Meat is better then roſted, and if the Patient eateth roſted Meat, let Oranges and Lemmons be his Sauce. For his Diet likewiſe may be prepared, Gellyes made of Capons, Knuckles of Veal and Mutton, Calves Feet, Sheeps Feet, and ſuch like, adding Herbs or other Ingredients that are cooling, moiſtning, and cordiall. New laid Egs, boiled rear, are good; and of Fruit, Apples are much commended, eſpecially Pippins, becauſe they breed cold Blood. For his drink, let him uſe Barly Water with cooling Sirrups. Galen approveth of cold Water, with which he ſaith he hath ſaved many from the Maraſmos, which is the Conſumption of the radicall Moiſture of the Body, which commonly followeth this Diſeaſe. Great care is to be uſed in the giving of cold Water, to decayed people, leſt the heat of the Patient ſhould be wholly extinguiſhed. Motion and much Stirring, and Labour, is not good, yet a little Exerciſe before Meat may be allowed of: But above all Excrciſes, let him beware of the Under-ſheet. Let his Sleep be moderated; if he be coſtive, provoke a Stool by a Suppoſitory, or gentle Cliſters. Purges are not to be allowed of, becauſe the Body hath more need of repairing then weakning: yet if the Body be full of Excrements, you may venture to give gentle Purgers, as Caſſia, Manna, &c. Cooling and altering Juleps, ſuch as are preſcribed in the Chapter before going, the Patient make uſe of, but let him beware of the too frequent uſe of them, leſt they diminiſh his Heat too much. Such Epithems, Unguents, or Oyles mentioned in the aforegoing Chapter, are good to temper the Heat of the Lover. Laſtly, ſuch Medicines, mentioned in the former Chapter, as ſtrengthen Nature and revive the Spirits may be uſed, and there is need enough thereof. The worſt Symptome that can attend this Diſeaſe is a Looſeneſſe: if it ſo happen, give Goats or Cows Milk wherein Steel hath been quenched, or Rice boild in it, or Sirrup of Quinces given with the Decoction of French Barly parched, or ſuch like.

CHAP. LXXXVII. Of the Tertian Ague.

THis Diſeaſe is divided into an Exquiſite and Baſtard Tertian; the exquiſite is terminated in 12 hours; but a baſtard laſteth lenger: if it exceed twenty four hours it is called Tertiana extenſa, a Tertian extended.

The Tertian Ague is Simple, Double, or Triple; the Simple is that which cometh every other day; the Double Tertian cometh every day, and ſhall be diſtinguiſhed from the Quotidian in its proper place; and ſometimes the Patient hath two Fits in one day. The Triple Tertian is when the Patient hath three Fits in two dayes.

Choller and ſuch things as engender it, are the cauſe of this Diſeaſe, viz. a hot and dry Diſtemper of the Spleen, youthfull Age, hot Air, Watchings, Cares, Anger, Faſtings, uſe of hot Meats, and overmuch Exerciſe. Thoſe that have hot Livers, that eat and drink liberally, and ſuch things as breed Crudityes, Phlegm, and melancholy Humours, are ſubject to baſtard Tertians, by reaſon of the Mixture of Choller with the Crudityes.

The exquiſite Tertian doth alwayes begin with ſhaking, the Quotidian begins with a light Shivering or Coldneſſe. After the cold Fit, followeth great Heat, ſharp biting and intolerable Thirſt, and ſometimes all the Symptomes of a putrid Tertian Feaver. In the baſtard Tertian all the foregoing Signes appear, but more remiſſe, and more vehement then a Quotidian; according as more or leſſe Phlegm is mingled with the Choller, this Diſeaſe cometh nearer to a Quotidian, or exquiſite Tertian.

A Legitimate Tertian ſeldom laſteth above ſeven dayes, and is not dangerous, unleſſe ſome Malignity be joyned with it; and the Patient be of a healthy conſtitution, and temperate in eating, and drinking; judg the contrary, if the Patient is otherwiſe qualifyed. If the Patient's Lips break out with Scabs, or if he fall into a Looſeneſſe theſe are good Signes; for Nature is turning out the Enemy.

To work the Cure, a cooling Diet muſt be appointed, and withall moiſtning, ſuch as hath been preſcribed in the Cure of continuall Feavers, the ſame you muſt obſerve in the double Tertian. But in the baſtard and Single Tertian, a fuller Diet is to be obſerved. What ever the Patient ateth let him eat nothing before the Fit, two or three hours, that there may be a digeſture; but it is good if he go to Stool before the Fit, to help the ſame give a Cliſter.

Cliſters, in an exquiſite Tertian, muſt be made of emollient and cooling Decoctions, adding Caſſia, Catholicon, Diaprunum lenitive and ſolutive, &c.

In a baſtard Tertian let the Decoction be emollient and cutting, and diſſolve in it Diaphaenicon, Hony of Roſes, &c. Purgatives ought to be the ſame for the exquiſite Tertian, as for the continuall Feavers. In the Baſtard, add Agarick, Catholicum, Diaphaenicon, Sena, and ſuch as the judicious Phyſitian ſhall judg ſuitable, in reſpect of the Patient's Conſtitution, and the Humors offending. But to every Medicine cream of Tartar may be added, for it openeth, cleanſeth, and cools. If the Patient be ſubject to vomit, go that way to work as I ſaid in the laſt Chapter. Open a Vein & draw Blood as often, or as much, as you ſee occaſion. Prepare the Humours with Juleps, as you are taught in the laſt Chapter, then purge. If the Humours be ſtubborn, and the Fit continue, make a Decoction of Wormwood and Century, with cool Herbs to qualify the Heat, it is much commended; after the uſe of that purge again. If there be a Diſtenſion under the ſhort Ribs, apply an emollient, attenuating, and ſtrengthning Fomentation. What ever part of the Body is ill diſpoſed, have a regard to that in all your Medicines. The Spirit of Sulphur is much magnified, for extinguiſhing the Heat of Feavers, and if the Humours be thin it ſends them forth by Sweat: give from half a Scruple to a Scruple in four Ounces of Purſlane Water. Or you may give it thus: Take of Salt of Wormwood, half a Drathm: Spirit of Sulphur, a Scruple: Carduus Water, four Ounces: mix them, and give the Patient to drink, when the Fit approcheth, and lay him to ſweat. Thoſe things, which are uſually laid to the Wriſts by the common people, are not to be deſpiſed, I ſhall not inſert them, nor more Receipts, for the cure of this Ague; Firſt, it being my cheifeſt end to deſcribe the Cauſes and Signes of Diſeaſes; Secondly, almoſt every womans Head is full of Medicines againſt an Ague.

CHAP. LXXXVIII. Of the Quotidian or every day-Ague.

THis Ague is cauſed by Phlegm putrefying in the firſt Region of the Body: therefore all things that breed Phlegm in the Body may be the Cauſe thereof.

The Diagnoſtick ſignes are ſuch as teſtify Phlegm to abound in the Body, as white colour, pale, dull Senſe, Softneſſe and Fatneſſe, Profoundneſſe of Sleep, and Droaming of Water. It comes with a cold ſhlvering, little or noe ſhaking; and for the moſt part it comes in the Night. After the cold Fit the Patient feels Heat but mildly, not ſcorching, little Thirſt: the Pulſe is ſmall, ſeldom, and ſlow; there is a Diſtenſion about the ſhort Ribs: the Fits appear more intenſe or remiſſe, laſt longer or ſhotter, as the Phlegm is ſimple or mingled with other Humours: the Fit commonly laſteth twelv hours, and then leaveth a feavouriſh Fit behind it. Sometimes it laſteth twenty four hours, and is almoſt like a continuall Feaver. There is a difference found in reſpect of the Nature of the Phlegm, for ſalt Phlegm makes the Patient thirſty; ſharp Phlegm, hungry; ſweet Phlegm, ſleepy: If the Phlegm hath no Taſt, it maketh him without Appetite. Acid or glaſſy Phlegm (by reaſon of its Coldneſſe) cauſeth ſhaking. This Diſeaſe for the moſt part continueth long, and is not without danger, becauſe it ſometimes degenerates into a Cachexia, Dropſy, or Lethargy.

The Diet and Medicines muſt be ſuch as have an extenuating, cutting, and dividing Quality. The Cure muſt be performed almoſt in the ſame Manner, as the baſtardly Tertian: Zacutus Luſitanus doth much commend the Decoction of Roman Wotmwood and Camomill Flowers, if five or ſix Ounces be adminiſred. And the Decoction of China and Guajacum for many dayes, but beware it dry not too much.

CHAP. LXXXIX. Of the Quartane Ague.

AN intermitting Quartane is cauſed of Melancholy putrifying in the Body.

There are two ſorts of Quartan Agues, viz. a Legitimate and a Baſtard Quartane: a Legitimate is bred of naturall Melancholy, which is the carthly part of our Nouriſhment, in quality cold and dry. The baſtard Quartane is bred of preternaturall Melancholy, which is bred of aduſt Choller, and is hot and dry, or by Melancholy mixed with aduſt Choller. A Quartane Ague is either ſingle, double, or triple, the ſingle is that which comes every fourth day. The double is when two Fits happen upon two dayes one after another, and the third day none. The Triple Quartane is when Fits come every as in a Quotidian, and double Tertian.

Diagnoſtick Signes of a Quartane, are, the Ague coming every fourth day, and Melancholy abounding in the Body: it begins with gaping and ſtretching, heavineſſe of the Body; ſhivering and ſhaking follows, as if it would break the Patient's Bones. The Pulſe is ſeldom and ſlow: the Urine watry, thin, and white, after a while it is higher coloured and thicker. The baſtard Quartane (for the moſt part) follows other Feavers or Agues, by which Aduſtion of Humours is made; and in it the Feaver, Heat and Thirſt, is more violent, and all the Symptomes are greater, becauſe the Humours are thinner. A double Quartane is known by the courſe of the Fits. A triple Quartane is diſtinguiſhed from a double Tertian, or Quotidian, by Melancholy abounding; and by the courſe of the Fits; and chiefly in this, that at firſt it was a ſimple or double Quartane.

Prognoſticks are thus made: This of all Agues is the longeſt of Continuance, ſome continue half a year, ſome a year, and ſome longer. It is good in this Ague for the Patient to void black Urine. The baſtard Quartane is not of ſo long continuance as the Legitimate, becauſe it proceeds from thinner Humours then the other. The Legitimate is not ſo dangerous as the other, which hath many times dangerous Symptomes, eſpecially if the Liver, Spleen, or any of the interior parts, be damnified, becauſe it is ſometimes degenerated into a Dropſy. If any aged above ſixty fall into the Quartane Ague, it proveth mortall. If the intermitting Quartane degenerate into a continuall, it is for the moſt part deadly. To bleed at the Noſe in a Quartane Ague is but a bad Sign, becauſe the morbifick Humours are too thick for ſuch an Evacuation.

If a bloody Flux come upon a Quartane Ague and continue but a while, it is good.

A baſtard Quartane is cured almoſt with the ſame Medicines, which have been preſcribed for the Cure of a Tertian; to them adding ſuch Medicines as regard Melancholy, and free the Spleen from Diſaffection.

Seeing the Legitimate Quartane is cauſed of Humours that are cold and dry, thick and earthly, we muſt uſe Medicines that do heat, moiſten, and attenuate. Let the Patient's Diet be heating and moiſtning, of good Juyce, eaſy of digeſture, and of thin ſubſtance: as rear Egs, yong Animals, and Birds of Mountains, Fiſhes of ſtony Rivers: among Herbs, Borrage, Bugloſſe, Spinach, Fennell, Parſly, and Turneps; Crato doth much commend the Broth of Turneps: of Fruits, Almonds, Apples, ſtewed Prunes, Figs, Raiſons, Dates, and Pine-kernells. Let him abſtain from all Meats, which are of a thick and clammy Subſtance, and of hard digeſture: let him drink ſmall Ale or Beer; let him eat moderately, and on the Fit day, ſix hours before the Fit cometh: let him be very moderate in drinking, for much drink fills the Spleen and makes the Diſeaſe rebellious. Having thus ordered his Diet, give him a gentle Purgation by Cliſter: Take of Mallows, Camomill, Mercury, and Beets, of each, one Handfull: Polypody of the Oak, an Ounce and an half: Epithimum, half an Ounce: of the four greater cold Seeds, and of Annis, and Fennell, of each, two Drachms: boil it in Poſſet drink to a Pint: ſtrainit, diſſolve therein Catholicon and Hony of Roſes, of each, one Ounce: the Oyls of Violets and Camomill, of each, one Ounce and an half, mix all and make a Cliſter. Then purge the Melancholy Humour by ſome gentle Medicine, beware of a ſtrong purge in the beginning before Concoction, leſt you inflame the Humours, and turn the Diſeaſe to a continuall, or at leaſt to a Double or Triple Quartane. Make a gentle Purgation thus: Take of Fumitory, Bugloſſe, & Maiden-hair, of each, one Handfull: Polypody of the Oak, Liquoriſh, and ſweet Fennell Seed, of each, half an Ounce: boil them; when they are boiled, infuſe or gently boil half an Ounce of Senna, till the Liquor come to three or four Ounces: diſſolve therein Manna, and Sirrup of Roſes, of each, one Ounce, for a Potion: give it the next day after the Cliſter. After purgeing open a Vein in the left Arm, unleſſe you find the Liver out of order, then you muſt open a Vein in the right Arm; if the Blood be black and impure, draw the more, Moſt do let Blood upon the well-day, ſome will have it done on the Fit-day before the Fit, becauſe the Humours then begin to ſtirr: Zacutus Luſitanus will have it done when the Moon is at the full, becauſe, by the Moons Influence, the earthy and melancholy Humour is made more fluid and apt to come away. It is good to open the Haemorrhoids, if your Patient hath been inclinable to that Evacuation: if your Patient be a Woman, provoke the Menſtrues if they be ſtopped, and open the Saphaena. The opening of the Vena Salvatella is much approved of. Likewiſe you muſt make Decoctions, Broths or Juleps to prepare and concoct the Humours; for which purpoſe theſe Simples are good, viz. the five opening Roots, and the Root of Succory, Liquoriſh, and Bugloſſe: Bark of Tamarisk: The Leavs of Burrage, Bugloſſe, Ceterach, Maiden-hair, Fumitory, Germander, ground-Pine, Wormwood, and Century, the three cordiall Flowers: of theſe you may make Decoctions, and ſweeten them with Sirrupus Bizantius or Sirrup of Maiden-hair. After the uſe of theſe preparatives purge the melancholy Humour; and between the dayes you purge, give a Cliſter, this obſerving, that you often change your Medicines, and continue in the courſe a long time; for the melancholy Humour is not ſoon evacuated; and that is the reaſon that ſo few are cured of this Diſeaſe, becauſe few will obſerve the Rule of the Phyſitian, or have patience to take his Medicines.

Vomits, in the beginning of this Feaver, are commended by all; of Aſarum, a Drachm given in white-Wine, is of an excellent Faculty. In the declination of the Diſeaſe, Diaphoreticks may be given to diſcuſſe the reliques of the Diſeaſe, the Decoction of the Roots of China & Sarſa are good, and Venice-Treacle hath great virtue. You may anoint the back-Bone with a Liniment made of ſome of theſe Oyls, viz. of Dill, Camomill, Orice, Coſtus, Rue, Bayes, and Spike in a ſmall Quantity: mixing with them, Treacle, Cloves, Muſtard Seed, Caſtoreum, and the like; of theſe an ingenious Man may compound a Liniment to anoint the Back bone, one hour before the Fit; then lay him to Bed, and lay hot Tyles, wrapt in cloaths, to his Feet and Hands, and lay him in a Sweat. To conclude, great care ought to be had of the Spleen, for in this Diſeaſe the Spleen is diſaffected, and obſtructed: The 59 Chapter will furniſh you with ſuch Medicines.

CHAP. XC. Of the Peſtilence.

HAving briefly treated of moſt Diſeaſes that the Body of man is incident to, I thought it convenient to write a word or two of the Peſtilence. But conſidering how many larger Treatiſes thereof are at this day extant, I could have willingly omitted it, but hoping my Mite will not onely be acceptable but beneficiall, I thought good to epitomize this as well as the reſt.

This Diſeaſe afflicteth Nature, not onely by a bare Diſtemper or Heat ariſing from Putrefaction, but alſo by a malignant and venemous Quality: by which means it becomes popular and epidemicall. Before we goe any farther, know that thoſe Feavers which we call malignant or peſtilentiall, vulgarly ſpotted Feavers, are of the ſame kind with the Peſtilence, and are cured by the ſame means. The cauſes of the Peſtilence are either internall or externall; the internall cauſes are immediate, or mediate: The Immediate cauſe is a Corruption of the Humours with Putrefaction, the venemous Quality is bred of Corruption, and from Putrefaction the Feaver is bred. The Mediate cauſes are Fulneſſe of Blood which Nature cannot maſter, but eaſily turnes to Putrefaction: Abundance of evill Humours is eaſily corrupted and putrified: to theſe, joyn Obſtructions, which is a great means to breed ſuch Diſeaſes; for ſuch Humours, cloſe ſhut up in the Body, and having no Evacuation not Transſpiration, muſt of neceſſity putrify. But Obſtruction is not a principall cauſe of this Diſeaſe, for the venemous Quality is received by drawing in of the Air, by which Venom the Humours are changed from their naturall condition, and, of their own accord, putrify. The externall Cauſes are, Firſt, the Air, which becomes hurtfull to men, firſt, if it be not blown through with wholeſome Winds, as Hippocrates obſerveth, ſpeaking of a grievous peſtilentiall year, that in that year there were few Winds. Secondly, the Air may be vitious by putrid Exhalations, as of Lakes, Pools, Fiſh-ponds, or other ſtanding Waters, or from Bodyes unburied, which have been ſlain in Battail. Thirdly, the Air may become hurtfull by Exceſſe, or the praepoſterous condition of the firſt Qualityes, as Exceſſe of Heat, Cold, Drithe, or Moiſture, of which I could lay down manifold Examples, which befit not my ſmall Volume. Inequalityes of Seaſons muſt be acknowledged as a cauſe, when it is ſometimes hot and ſometimes cold, ſometimes dry and ſuddenly Moiſture follows; one while vehemently hot, and ſuddenly very cold; or after a violent wet and moiſt time, a ſudden and extream Drouth: a hot Winter and a cold Summer. Next to vitious Air, is a bad Aliment and Diet, when the Fruits of the Earth, by a bad Temperature of the Air, are corrupted; or when, by reaſon of Scarcity, the Poor are fain to feed on unwholeſome Diet, (whence the proverb came, the Plague followeth the Famine) or a great Plenty following a Famine, when the poor gorge themſelves, which, for want of Heat and a good Diſpoſition of Body, cannot be digeſted, but turns to Putrefaction. Add to theſe the malignant Influence of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars, in humane Signes, by which the Conſtitution of the Air and the Bodyes of men are changed and corrupted: for all Philoſophers by common conſent acknowledge, that inferiour Be dyes are governed by the heavenly Conſtellations: To this kind we muſt add the defects and Eclipſes of the Sun and Moon, and unuſuall Meteors, eſpecally blazing Starrs. Above all cauſes, let us not be unmindfull of the ſtrict & ſevere Judgment of God, for the ſinnes of Mankind: For many times he is pleaſed to puniſh our Sins and Offences by this Judgment; as the Scriptures do frequently prove. To theſe non-naturall cauſes afore mentioned, we muſt add the Retention of Womens Courſes, the Haemorrhoids in men, or ſome uſuall Evacuation, Idleneſſe, or too much Sleep, Anger, Sadneſſe, or other Paſſions of the mind.

Signes, that ſhew the Peſtilence approaching, are taken from the preſence of Cauſes before mentioned. Thoſe Bodyes are diſpoſed to receive peſtilentiall Infection, which have collected evill Juyces and Diet, and have had a praepoſterous uſe of the non-naturall things afore ſpecifyed. The cheif Signes, which ſhew the Body to be infected; the H art is much afflicted, Cardialgia, and Heart-burning, and pain about the Mouth of the Stomach: ſometimes great Thirſt, exceeding the Meaſure of the Patient's Heat; ſomtimes Want of Thirſt, yet a vehement Feaver and Drineſſe of the Tongue: Want of Appetire and abhorring of all Meat, and vomiting up what ever Food, Drink, Juleps, or Emulſions is given, and their Thirſt continue, and the Tongue black: A frequent and inordinate ſhivering, which comes divers times in a day: Wearineſſe and Heavineſſe of the whole Body: Pains of the Head, Watchings, and Ravings: Some are very drouſy and ſleepy, then judge that the Brain is full of phlegmatick Excrements. To ſome there happen cholerick Fluxes, which ſtink very much. Frequent Sweats, ſmall, ſhort, and unprofitable, do break forth: the Heat is mild and gentle to the Feet, becauſe the Diſeaſe is cauſed rather by a malignant and venemous Quality, then by Putrefaction. Redneſſe of the eyes, and ſometimes a frowning or a furious look. Sometimes abmndance of Worms are voided, which ſhew a great Putrefaction. The Urine is ſometimes like the Urine of a ſound man, if a malignant Quality doth rather offend then Putrefaction: ſometimes it appeareth thick, troubled, and high coloured, and hath a thick, red, and ſcattered Sediment. On ſome, purple Spots like Flea-bitings: Carbuncles, and Riſings in the Groin, behind the Ears, and under the Atmpits. Thoſe Spots upon the Bodyes of the dead, which are of a Lead-colour or black, do eſpecially denote the Peſtilence.

No certain Prognoſtick can be drawn of this Diſcaſe, therefore the diſcreet Phyſitian ought to ſuſpend his Judgment of the iſſue thereof: For many have died, notwithſtanding many hopes and teſtimonyes of recovery; and, on the contrary, many have eſcaped, with moſt mortall ſignes. Yet it is lawfull for the Phiſitian to give his conjecture thus; If the Pulſe keep a Tenor and equality there is ſome hopes; on the contrary, if it be inordinate, unequall, and contracted, it is dangerous. If the Pulſe be like the Pulſe of an healthy perſon, it is dangerous; becauſe it is a ſign that Nature doth not labour to concoct the Humours, for her own deliverance. Raving is not dangerous if it be leſſened by Sleep, but if it turn to dotage, and continue, there is little hope. Contractions, convulſive and trembling Motions are deadly, for it ſhews that the Brain is mortally wounded, and that Nature is overcome by the Diſeaſe. Deafneſſe at the beginning is dangerous: but in the ſtate of the Diſeaſe, it is not ſo, for many times health follows. Sneezing is laudable. Heart-burnings. Hiccoughs, and extream Loathing, do portend danger, and that the Stomach is over maſtered by the Malignant quality of the Humours. Suppreſſion of all Evacuations, in the beginning and ſtate of the Diſeaſe, is good, provided that the Malignity doth not ſettle in the head, or near any Principal part. The Urine that is like the Urine of a healthy perſon is bad; the ſame judge, if they be thin, thick, confuſed or troubled. Urines which have a laudable ſediment, and well concoct are good, and ſhew a ſtrong naturall Faculty to expell the Venome. An Urine, black or blew, fat and oyly, with a black or blewiſh ſetling, ſhews a waſting of the Body, and is a deadly Sign. Sweats ſeldom portend good, though it happens on a criticall day, unleſſe it doth much diminiſh the Feaver. Sometimes, a Looſeneſſe of the Belly, at the beginning, is good, and ſometimes it is a deadly Sign. Spots, the more laudable the colour is, the better, if they be black, or Lead-colour, and go in again it is dangerous. Carbuncles and Buboes, the farther from the Heart, the better, and the ſooner they ripen, the ſafer.

The Cure ought to be two-fold, firſt, to preſerve thoſe from it who have it not; ſecondly, in healing thoſe that have it. Firſt, to preſerve, take away the cauſes both internall and externall. If the Body be plethorick, let Phlebotomy abate it: If full of evill Humours let them be purged: If obſtructed, let means be uſed to open Obſtructions. If the Body be in a good ſtate, labour to keep it ſo. If it be too moiſt, babour to dry it, and avoid all moiſt Nouriſhments, and much drinking, eat no Fiſh, Meats made of Milk, nor Herbs; walk not in the South Air, or neer Lakes, nor in the Night, fleep not too much. If the Body be weak uſe a reſtorative Diet. If the Air be too hot; labour to cool it, as we taught you, in continual Feavers, if it be too moiſt correct it by fires and fumes, as alſo to conſume and diſſipate the infection of the Ayre: make fires and fumes of ſweet Woods, and other ſweet ſented ingredients, as Cypreſſe, Wood of Aloes, Juniper; Storax, Labdanum, Mirrhe, Benjamin, yellow Sanders, Ireos, Storax, Frankinſence, Cinnamon, Cloves, Red-Roſeleaves, Calamint, Bayes, Roſemary, and ſuch like. Let the common ſort of people, and the poorer ſort, carry Rue and Angelica to ſmell to, and take in the morning faſting, and when they go abroad, Mithridate's medicine; Mithridate, Venice-Treacle, and ſuch like. Let the Rich man uſe of this Pomander. Take of Labdanum, and of the Rinds of Citrons, of each one drachm: of the three kinds of Sanders, of each half a drachme; Wood of Aloes, flowers of Bugloſſe, Nenuphar, Roſe leaves, of each two Scruples, a lipta Muſcatae, half a ſcruple; Cloves and Marjoram, of each one ſcruple; Zedoary root one ſcruple; Benjamin one drachm; Storax Calamita one drachm and an half, Camphir half a drachme: Musk and Ambergreece of each ſour Grains; Powder them, and with the Muſilage of Gum-dragant made in Roſe-water, make a Pomander. and let them make uſe of this Preſervative: Take of Bolearmenick prepared half an ounce, of Cinnamon three drachms, of white Dittany, the roots of Angelica, Gentian, and Tormentill, of each two drachms, the root of Zedoary, Red Roſes, of all the Sanders, Harts-Horn, the leaves of Scabious, and flowers of Bugloſſe, of each one drachme, of Juniper-berries, Nutmegs, and bone of a Stags Heart, of each half a drachm; of Pearls prepared two Scruples, of Saphir, Jacinth, Emerauld, Ruby and Granate prepared, and leaf-Gold, of each one ſcruple; powder them all, and with Syrrup of Vinegar or Lemons, make an Electuary, and take a Scruple or two in the Morning.

For the cure of thoſe that are ſick, let the ſame courſe of Diet be obſerved, as was preſcribed in continuall Feavers; and it the body be plethorick, open a Vein; How much bloud to take away, and how often to bleed, let prudence be your director. If you judge it neceſſary, apply Cupping-glaſſes to the ſhoulders, back, and hips; and veſicatories applyed to the neck and Arm-pits, and Groyns, are ſeldome without admirable ſucceſſe; and a Cataplaſme of Snails, or Radiſhes, laid to the feet are good. Firſt, altering Juleps, are good to prepare the humours, made of ſuch things as are preſcribed for the Cure of continual Feavers; to which add Antidotes, which have a ſpecifick property to fight againſt the venemous quality: as the roots of Tormentill, Cinkfoil, Scorzonera, white Thiſtle; the leaves of Scordium, Carduus, Scabious, Meddowſweet, Flowers of Marigolds; Lemons and Citrons, Odoriferous Apples, Harts-horn; the juice or Syrrup of Lemons, Pomegranats, Citrons, Vinegar, the ſpirit of Sulphur and Vitriol. In the whole courſe of the cure, Antidotes muſt be given, of which there are four ſorts, or degrees, the firſt reſiſt the venemous quality, and beſides are cold, dry, and aſtringent, by which they ſtrengthen the Heart, hinder putrefaction, and the venom, from ſpreading over the body: of this ſort are Bolearmenick, Terra Sigillata, the roots of Biſtort, Cinkfoil, Tormentill, &c. The ſecond ſort, by their coldneſſe and tenuity, do reſiſt putrefaction, and reſtrain the venemous quality: as the juice of Lemons, ſpirit of Sulphur and Vitrioll, and all other acid things. The third ſort are ſuch as are hot and Diaphoretick, which expel the venome from the Center to the Circumference, from the Heart, to the outward parts, by ſweat, and of this ſort are Angelica, Zedoary, Dictamnus, Meddow-ſweet, Scordium, Carduus, Scabious, Treacle, Mithridate, Treacle-water. The laſt ſort are ſuch, as by a ſpeciall quality, without exceſſe, do oppoſe the venemous quality, as Bezoarſtone, Harts-horn, Unicorns-horn, Troches of Vipers, and ſuch like. Of theſe, and Simples of the like nature, may many Medicines be compoſed, which muſt be diverſly varied and mixed, according to the different degree of malignity, and putrefaction, according to the intenſion and remiſſion of the Feaver, according to the divers Temperaments, Sex, and Age of the Patient, the determination of which depends not upon any certain rules, but upon the Prudence and head-piece of an able Phyſitian. In the Malignant and ſpotted Feaver, if putrefaction be greater then the vonemous quality; the medicines of the firſt, ſecond, or fourth order, do beſt agree in the beginning and Augment of the Feaver: and thoſe of the third, viz. Diaphoreticks and ſweating medicines in the declination; but if it be the Plague, and the venemous quality exceed the putrefaction; let Diaphoreticks be uſed firſt: as for the forms of particular medicines, let the Phyſitian vary them according to the different degree of heat, putrefaction, and malignity. Let the Phyſitian take care to ſtrengthen the Heart, alſo, by outward applications of Cordiall Epithems; and let the Carbuncles and Borches be ſuppurated, broken, and healed, by the expert Chirurgious Art.

CHAP. XCI. Of the Small Pox and Meaſels.

THe Feaver which attends the Small Pox and Meaſels, may be juſtly termed Peſtilential, for it is epidemicall, contagious and many times mortall: I need not write any thing of the difference between theſe two, viz. Pox, and Meaſols, for every Woman knows it. There is another ſort of Puſtules come out upon children like bladders, without inflammation or redneſſe, and without a Feaver: ſome Phyſitians call it the Cryſtalls, we call it the Bliſters. The cauſe of the ſmall Pox and Meaſells, was in the Mothers Bloud, with which the child was nouriſhed in the Womb, and is hence chiefly gathered, becauſe among thouſands of men, it is hard to find one, who once in his life hath not had theſe diſeaſes. For in the blood be it never ſo pure, ſome impurities are found, which doth communicate pollution to the parts of the child, and defile the Maſſe of bloud; and being provoked by ſome occaſion, (viz. a certain diſpoſition of Ayre, proportionable to the diſeaſe) the bloud boils and purifieth it ſelf and the parts, and the impurity is caſt forth. Underſtand that theſe impurities do not ſubſtantially remain in the body, for then they would corrupt in a little time, but an evill quality is by them imprinted upon the parts. When this ebullition beginneth, the excrement is twofold, either thin or thick; if thin, the Meaſels follow; if thick, the ſmall Pox. And another reaſon is this, Sometimes the Air is inclinable to the one, and ſometimes to the other. Again, the Pox is either Perfective or corruptive; the Perfective is when the corrupt, impure, and excrementitious part of the bloud, is caſt forth by nature, the reſt remaining pure, and the Patient is reſtored without Phyſick: the corruptive Pox, is not onely the corrupt bloud purged forth, but the moſt pure bloud corrupted, which is occaſioned by a malignant conſtitution of the Ayre, and ſo produceth a dangerous and Epidemicall Pox, which is ſometimes a forerunner of the Plague. In reſpect of the naturall conſtitution of the body they come forth more or leſſe, ſooner or later, and ſometimes they ſeize upon the internal as well as external parts, as the throat, Lungs, Guts, Liver, Spleen, &c.

Signes which declare the Pox at hand, are pain in the head, and beating about the Temples, troubled and terrified in ſleep, ſometimes ravings and Convulſions, hoarſneſſe, cough, and difficulty of breathing; heat and pricking all over the body, pain of the back, ſhining before the eyes, the face red and ſwelled. If they come out ſoon, and eaſily ripen, there is no danger, the ſame judge if the ſymptomes are not great, and the voice and breathing is free. If they come out red, afterwards white, round, pointed, and outwardly in the skin, there is no danger. The contrary to theſe are ſigns of a deadly and dangerous Pox, viz. a great Feaver, which is not abated at their comming out, difficulty of breathing, great thirſt, a looſneſſe or bloody flux, becauſe the malignant humours have their recourſe inward; which is contrary to nature a bloudy Urine, or ſtool, bleeding at the Noſe, Gums, or other parts, are commonly deadly ſigns, for they ſignify the extream acrimony and malignancy of the Bloud, that nature is forced to void it in ſuch a prepoſterous way. Pox long comming out, ſhews the contumacy of the Humour, or Weakneſſe of Nature, if they be many, great, double, and united, they ſhew abundance of Humours: hard ones ſhew the Thickneſs of the Matter: flat ones ſhew the Weakneſs of the expulſive Faculty: if there be a black Spot in the middle it ſhews the malignity of the Humours; the like judge, if they be green, blewiſh, or black, and they are all bad Signes; but it is worſe if they ſink, go in, and the Tumor falleth, for it ſignifieth the Retirement of the Humours inward, and few in this condition eſcape. If black or blew Spots come forth among the Pox, it ſhews great Malignity; and the Patient in great danger. If the Excrements and Urine be black or livid, they ſignify abundance of Melancholy, and great danger.

For the Cure, keep the Patient in a warm room, and if you tender his life, keep out the cold Air, leſt the Humours be driven inward. Keep the Cloaths cloſe about him, but let them not ly too heavy. Let his drink be Barly-Water, and boil therein Sorrell Roots and Harts-horn, and Figs, if the Feaver be not violent: let his Sleep be moderate. Phyſitians, for the moſt part, adviſe the Cure to begin with blood-letting, that is, if the Patient be full of Blood, and nothing forbid it; but it muſt be done before, or juſt as they be coming forth. Purges are abſolutely forbidden; but if the body be very coſtive, move it with a Suppoſitory, but do not provoke it. Then endeavour the expulſion of the Matter, thus; Take of the Roots of graſs, Aſparagus, and Fennell, of each, four Ounces: Liquoriſh, half an Ounce: Wood Sorrell, two Handfulls: twenty Figs: the cordiall Flowers, one Pugill: make a Decoction to a Pint, towards the latter end, put in a little Saffron; take four Ounces Night and Morning. Bezar and Gaſcoins powder is good to ſend out the Pox, and for Children Diaſcordium is a familiar Medicine. We muſt endeavour to preſerve the internall parts; if you fear that the Liver, Spleen, or Guts, ſhould ſuffer, to the former Decoction, add husked Lentils, two drams, Gum Lac, and Traganth, of each, one Drachm. You muſt defend the Eyes with the Water of Roſes and Plantane, and infuſe Camphir, Saffron, and if the Inflammation be great, infuſe Tutty. You muſt defend the Lungs with the Conſerve of Roſes and Violets, the Sirrup of Violets, Jujubees, Myrtles, dried Roſes, Poppyes, and ſuch like. You muſt defend the Throat with a Gargle of Oxycrate; or you may make it with Plantane Water and Sirrup of Mulberryes or Pomegranates. To defend the Noſe, put up a Nodulus, made of Vinegar, Roſe-Water, and the Powder of Sanders and Camphir. When the Pox are out, full ripe, and begin to break, anoint them often with the Oyl of Almonds, it will be a means to prevent their pitting; and where there are likely to be holes anoint with the Oyl of the yolks of Egs.

The End of the Second Book.
The Third Book.

HAving in the former Book been more voluminous then I expected, I ſhall be briefer in this, and treat more theorically then practically: And leaving the Deſcription and Cures of Wounds, Tumors, and Ulcers in particular, to the ingenious and expert Chirurgion; I ſhall run over their Cauſes, Signes, and Cures generally, and as briefly as may be,

CHAP. I. Of a Green Wound.

A Wound is a breach of Continuity, freſh and bloody without Putrefaction or Matter: It is cauſed by a Sword, Bullet, Arrow, or ſuch like, which the Chirurgion may eaſily perceive. Wounds in the fleſh are eaſily cured; in the Nervs, Veins, and Arteryes, they are not without danger: In the inſtrumentall & principall parts, as the Heart, Liver, Lungs, Brain, Spleen, Midriff, Wezand, Stomach, Guts, or Bladder, are deadly. A Feaver, Perturbation, Swooning, Convulſion, and ſuch like Symptomes are dangerous.

The Cure muſt be directed, firſt to the cauſe; ſecondly, to the Wound itſelf; thirdly, to the part affected; laſtly, to the Symptomes attending. The Cauſe or outward things, viz. a Bullet, Arrow, or ſuch like, ſticking in the Body muſt be drawn out, by Inſtruments or by Medicine: what concerns the firſt I ſhall not meddle with, the medicinall part I ſhall breifly handle. The Simples availeable and of force for the purpoſe aforeſaid are, The Roots of Reeds and Birthwort; the Leavs of Dittany, Crow-foot, Miſſletoe, Thapſia; Sagapenum, Ammoniacum, Opopanax, Quick Lime, burnt Frogs, Galbanum, Bears greaſe, the Load-ſtone, Muſtard-Seed, and ſuch like. Of theſe and ſuch like you may prepare compound Medicines: This Unguent of Veſalus is much approved of: Take of Rozin of the Pine tree, two Ounces: Galbanum, three Ounces: of the Stone called Calamites, one Ounce: the Gall of an Ox, one Ounce and an half: of Turpetine, three Ounces; New Wax, two Ounces: firſt, ſtrain out the Wax, Rozin, and Turpetine; after, mix the Golbanum, Gall, and the Powder of the Stone, and make an Unguent.

This Plaiſter is likewiſe good for the ſame purpoſe: Take of Leaven, one pound: Oyl, half a pound: the juyce of Knot-graſſe, and Dittany, (or, for want of it, the Powder of the dried Herbs,) of each, three Ounces: Turpetine, one pound: The Bird Lime made of Miſſletoe Berryes, Ammoniacum, & Galbanum and diſſolved in wine, of each, one Ounce; of Wax, four Ounces: mix them upon the Fire, and make a Plaiſter.

Having thus far proceded, and removed all things unnaturall from the Wound, then muſt the Chirurgion, if the Solution be great, artificially join the gaping ſides of the Wound by Seam, Taches, or ſtiching cloths and ſuch like, which I omit, and ſhall lay down a few Rules to prevent pain, Inflammation, or other untoward Accidents, which may happen to the wounded part, or whole Body.

Inflammation is reſtrained by taking away the Cauſe of the Fluxion: Now the Humours, flowing to the part, are either drawn or ſent. They are drawn by reaſon of the Pain and Heat of the Member, which doth attract the Humours to it ſelf. They are ſent, thus; when the whole Body is full of evill Humours, and every part disburtheneth it ſelf upon the weaker. The Inflammation of the Part muſt be allayed with ſuch Medicines that quench Heat; and the Body muſt be purged, and ſuch a Courſe of Diet uſed as may ſomewhat free the Body from ſuch Humours, which are offenſive and burthenſome to Nature.

But before I come to treat of the removeall of ſuch Accidents and evill Symptoms; I ſhall briefly ſhew you the manner of Cure, which ought thus to be performed. After cloſing of the Wound, dreſſe it with ſome agglutinative Medicine, made of ſuch Simples: viz. Frankincenſe, Maſtich, Aloes, Rolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, Sarcocolla, Terra Sigillata, Balauſtines, Pomegranate Rinds, Cypreſſe Nuts, Galls, Horſe-tail, Tobacco, and ſuch like. You may make a Balm thus: Take of Turpetine, a pound: of Galbanum, Gum Elemy, Gum of Ivy, Frankincenſe, Maſtich, Myrrh, of each, two Ounces: Aloes, Lignum Aloes, Galanga, Nutmegs, Cloves, Cinnamon, Cubebs, of each, one Ounce: Aqua Vitae, three Ounces; infuſe and distill them to a Balm. After the Application of this or the like Balſome, lay on this Plaiſter: Take of Ammoniacum diſſolved in Vinegar, two Ounces: Gum Elemy, three Ounces: Rozin of the Pine tree, five Ounces: Turpentine of the Fir-tree, three ounces: Oyl of Roſes, two Ounces: make a Plaiſter. Open it once in twenty four hours till it be whole: thus may you cure a ſimple Wound in the Fleſh.

If the Wound be hollow, you muſt put in Tents, twiſt them not too hard, but ſo that the Sanies may come forth. If the Wound be deep without loſſe of Subſtance, you muſt conſider whether the Orifice of the Wound look upward or downward. If the Orifice look downward, and the bottom be upward, then may the Matter run freely out of the Wound, and the Cure thereof is performed as a ſimple Wound in the Fleſh. But if the Orifice of the Wound be upward, and the bottom tending to the lower parts, that there is a place for the Matter to reſt in, then if you find it needfull (as many times it is) make an Inciſion, from the top to the bottom, or onely in the bottom; let reaſon guide you whereto make your Inciſion or when to neglect it. Waſh the Wound with Wine, wherein Mirrh and Salt hath been boiled: then put in this Oyl, which is much commended, and it is made thus: Take of Oyl of Olives, three pound: of white Wine, two pound: of the Flowers, Leavs, and Seeds, of St. John's Wort, one pound: of greek Valerian, the ſpotted and common Sanicle, Saracens conſound, amd Self-heal, of each, half a Handfull; beat the Herbs in a Morter, and infuſe them in the Wine and Oyl twenty four hours, then boil it gently to the Conſumption of almost half: then strain it, and add thereto, of Venice Turpetine, one pound and an half: Oyl of Turpetine, ſix Ounces: Olibonum, five Ounces: Mirrh three Ounces: Maſtich, and Sanguis Draconis, of each, one Ounce: Roots of Alchenet, (firſt bruiſed and infuſed in Oyl two or three hours,) boil them gently and ſufficiently, and reſerve it for the uſe aforeſaid. Then lay on Emplaſtrum Sticticum, the receipt of which you may read in the London Diſpenſatory: or you may buy the Plaiſter at the Apothecaryes.

If the Wound be hollow with loſſe of Subſtance, you muſt make uſe of ſuch Medicines which are by Nature drying and cleanſing, called Incarnatives.

This Unguent is much cōmended for cleanſing Putrefaction, & breeding of good Fleſh in Wounds.

Take of common Oyl, and Rams ſuet of each one pound: Stone-pitch, half a pound, Grecian-pitch, three Ounces; wax two Ounces, Mastich, Olibanum, Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Sagapenum, Opopanax, and Turpentine of each half an Ounce: powder thoſe that are to be powdered, and melt the reſt in Oyl, ſtirr them well together on the fire; when they are ſufficiently boiled, add the Turpentine, ſtrain it, and uſe it upon occaſion.

This plaiſter is very good to incarnate both wounds and Ulcers; Take of Virgins wax eight Ounces, Deers ſuet four ounces and an half; Common Rozin, and Rozin of the Pinetree of each four Ounces; Myrrhe and Maſtick, of each four Ounces; Honey ſix ounces; Turpentine eight Ounces, White Wine one pound and an half, Dragons bloud one pound; boil them (the Sanguis Draconis excepted) to the form of a plaiſter. Or you may make a leſſe quantity by decreaſing each particular analogically. Take this generall Rule, that according to the Dryth or moiſture of the body or wound, you muſt make your medicines leſſe or more drying, when the wound commeth to be plain, equall and filled, it muſt be Cicatrized, or covered with skin; which muſt be performed by medicines which are aſtringent, and very much drying, becauſe it muſt conſume not onely the ſuperfluous, but alſo the naturall moiſture, of which properly are the ſimples following: Galls, Balauſtines, the rinds of Pomegranats, the white Thiſtle, Sumach, Bolearmenick, Sealed Earth, Ceruſe, Lead burnt or waſhed, Litharge, and the Bark of the Pinetree. To which add the following, which perform it accidentally, as Braſſe burnt and waſhed, the ſcales of Braſſe; Alume and Vitrioll, burnt and waſhed: Plantane, Ariſtolochia, and ſuch like. Of theſe and ſuch like, may many forms of Medicines, viz. Waters, Oyls, Unguents, or Plaiſters, be made. Take this Plaiſter as an example for all. Take of Litharge, and Ceruſe of each ſix Ounces, burnt lead, Lapis Calaminaris, and Terra Sigillata, of each three Ounces: Colophonia, Ship-Pitch, and Rozin, of each two Ounces, Sarcocolla, Laudanum, and Ireos, of each one Ounce and an half, Camphir, half an Ounce, Leake ſeed two Ounces; Oyl of Roſes, one pound and an half, white Wax four Ounces; make it into a plaiſter.

If the Cicatrice be uncomely or deformed, it muſt be amended: if it be too tender, it muſt be thickned, and hardned with Diachilon, or with Calamint, the roots of Briony and ſuch like ſodden in Oyl. If the Cicatrice be thick and hard, it ought to be attenuated with the root of wild Cucumer, ſtampt and applyed, or the Oyl of Balſome-Apple. If it be deformed in reſpect of colour, you muſt labour to bring it to whiteneſſe, for which this plaiſter is commended; Take of Swines Greaſe three Ounces, Litharge one Ounce, Verdigreeſe and burnt Vitrioll, of each two drachms; make it into a plaiſter.

Sometimes a wound is overgrown with fleſh: this fleſh growing too proudly, muſt be dealt withall with medicines that may diminiſh, and take away the ſame, and they muſt be by nature ſharp and drying; as Calcitis, Vitriol, burnt Allum, the roots of Aſphodels, Hermodactylls, the ſtones of Dates burnt, the ſeed of Nettles, Serpentary, the Scales of Braſſe, burnt Braſs, the aſhes of a Hedghog, Mercury ſublimnte; Of Medicines compounded, Unguentum Apoſtolorum, or Unguentum Aegyptiacum are of known validity. If theſe ſuffice not, the Chyrurgion muſt uſe his Inciſionknife, hot Sciſſars, or a Cautery.

CHAP. II. Of a contuſed wound, and a Bruiſe.

THat the wound is contuſed appeareth by the ſwelling, pain, black or blew colour; whether it were given by a fall, or blow, the patient can ſatisfy you. The Cure conſiſteth, firſt in mundiſying, filling the hollowneſſe, with incarnative Medicines, and when it is made plain and even, cover it with Cicatrizing Medicines. And ſecondly, in removing the accident, which for the moſt part accompanieth a wound of this nature. Firſt, to mundify the wound, waſh it in white Wine, wherein hath bin boiled Myrrhe and Salt, then arm your Tents with Unguentum Apoſtolorum, or ſuch like, and lay on dry ſtapes and bind it up; this do till the wound be clean; then fill it up with incarnative Medicines, afterwatds Cicatrize it; the Medicines for that purpoſe in the foregoing Chapter will ſerve here. Secondly, labour to remove the accidents incident to theſe wounds, which are either pain or ſwelling. Pairl muſt be mitigated with Oyl of Dill, Chamomil, or Lillies. Or a Liniment made of the Oil of Roſes, and the yolk of an Egg, and applyed with Lint. The ſwelling or Tumor is to be removed by taking away the Antecedent or conjoyned cauſe: the Antecedent cauſe is the humour flowing to the wounded part, the conjoyned cauſe is the humour already contained in the part. For taking away the antecedent cauſe, you muſt conſider, whether it be bloud or other humours. If it be bloud, whether it comes from the whole body, or ſome particular part, it muſt be evacuated by bloud-letting, and a thin cooling Diet. You muſt evacuate and diſparch it from the wounded member, either by revulſion, or repercuſſion: Revulſion muſt be made either by Phleboromy, Cupping, Rubbing, and binding the contrary ſide, to withdraw the humour to the contrary part. Repercuſſion is to ſend the matter from the part: of this ſort are the Oyl of Roſes, and Myrtles; or an Unguent made of Oyl of Myrtles, Bolearmenick, and the White of an Egg, with which the parts about the Wound are to be anointed: Afterwards lay on a Plaiſter made of the Powder of Myrtles, and the White of an Egg. If it be other Humours, which flow to the Wound, let them be purged with ſuch Medicines as are proper to the Humour: The fore-going Book is full of Examples; and the laſt Book is well furniſhed. The Humor which is now impact in the Wound, muſt be brought to Suppuration: This Plaiſter is good; Take of the Roots of Marſhmallows, and wild Cucumers, of each half an Ounce: Origan and Hyſop, of each half a handful: the Flowers of Camomel, and the Seed of Flax, of each one pugil: ſix ſat Figs; boit them well, then ſtrain the liquor from them, and beat them in a Morter; add to them Mirrh, Galbanum, Styrax Liquida, and Sheeps Greaſe (ſeparated from the woot which grows in the Flank, and between their ſhoulders,) of each one drachm and an half; make a plaiſter.

If by a fall, ſtroke, or blow, clotted bloud is gathered under the skin, the part is ſwelled, ſoft and eaſily preſſed, blackiſh, and many times without pain. A bruiſe by a violent contuſion is not without danger; for ſometimes, not onely the part it ſelf corrupteth, but many times the whole body. It the skin hang by, ſeparated from the fl ſh, cut it away, fot it is ſeldom; or never joyned again. For the Cure, in reſpect of the wounded Part, obſerve the ſame rule in taking away pans and ſwelling, either by evacuation, or repercuſſion. In reſpect of the whole body, you muſt conſider whether there be clotted bloud in the body; which if there be, it muſt be diſſolved and ſcattered by Medicines, which diſſolve bloud, and fireng then the inner parts; and ſecondly, it muſt be ſcattered by Diaphoretick, or Sweating Medicines. This Powder is good to diſſolve bloud; Take of Rubarb terrified, ſealed Earth, Bolearmenick, Mummy, and the ſeed of Creſſes torrified, of each one drachm; make them into fine powder, and give a drachm in Plantane water, or the water of Shepheards pouch.

To provoke Sweat, boil a handful or two of Oſmond Royal, and Horſtaile, in Wine, ſweeten the Decection with Honey, give five or ſix Ounces thereof, and let the Patient ſweat thereupon. If the bloud be clotted under the skin, apply a Rams skin newly pulled off hot to the body, and let the Patient ſweat in it. Then anoint it with this Unguent, &c. Take of Bolearmenick, Frankincenſe, Rezin, Fenugreck, and Gum Traganth, of each half an ounce; Saffron one drachm, the powder of Roſes, Mirtles, and Sumach, of each three drachms; the Ointment of Maiſh mallows, the Oyl of Roſes, Camomel, Mirtles, and Dill, of each two Ounces: New Wax and Turpentine, of each one Ounce, make an unguent, and uſe it twice a day. After you have uſed this Omtment a while, leave out the Ingredients, which are aſtringent, and uſe diſcutients onely. If you find the matter will not be diſcuſſed, but is prone to Suppuration, help it forward by ſuch Medicines as are proper for the purpoſe: then procure Iſſue, and mundifie the Ulcer, and heal it up.

Many places of this Book will furniſh you with fic Medicines.

CHAP. III. Of a Wound by biting, or ſtinging of any Creature venemous, or not.

VVHat Creature inflicted the Wound, moſt people know, or whether he be venemous or not: Venemous are, a Mad-Dog, Serpent, Scorping, Baſilisk, Dragon, Viper, Adder, Slow-Worm, Aſp, Spider, Toad, &c. Not venemous, are a Dog, Ape, Horſe, Sow, Cat, Waſp, Bee, and the like. If the Creature were venemous, the Symptomes are more violent, viz. vehement pricking, and biting pains, change of colour, and grievous anguiſhes, and ſometimes the body is aſtoniſhed, ſometimes in a great heat, and the like.

A venemous biting is very danperous, if it be not ſoon cured; becauſe Poyſon ayms at the deſtruction of the Heart. Some ſay if the Patient be thirſty, and yet is fearful of Drink, he is incurable: This I once ſaw verified in a Boy that was bit by a Mad. Dog. If the Patient be bit by a venemous Creature, the Cure may be begun with cupping the wounded part, with ſcarrifieation, to draw forth the Venome: ſucking of the Wound is commended, inſtead thereof, apply the tail of an Hen: if the part be not full of ſinews, apply a Cautery; and if the venome be very malignable, cutting is commended. External Medicines muſt be attractive to draw the Venome back: Of this ſort are the Simples following, Garlick, Onyons, Muſtardſeed, Harts-eaſe, Scabius, Peneroyal, Calamint, Gentian, Polymountain, Germander, Scordium, Ditany, Briony, Aſphodels, Ariſtolochia, Euphorbium, Galbanum, Treacle, Leaven, Goats Dung, &c. Of theſe, you may make variety of compound medicines. On a ſuddain mix Leaven and Goats Dung together; or for want of it, Leaven alone, beat with it Garlick, Onyons, and Treacle, or any of the aforenamed Simples, which you have in readineſs, and make a Plaiſter. This Plaiſter is good: Take of the Powder of Long Birthwort two ounces, Aſphodels and Briony, of each one ounce, Aſſa Foetida; Galbanum and Mirrh, of each half an Ounce, with Oyl of Bays and Wax; make a Plaister. This following Unguent is commended by Veſalius, Take of Galbanum, and Opoponax, of each one drachm, Ammoniacum, Turpentine, and Wax, of each one drachm and an half; Sagapenum two drachms, Pitch two drachms and an half: put them over a gentle fire, and when they boyl a little, put in a ſmall quantity of Bean-flower, Leth argie, Saffron, and Bdellium, of each one drachm; Mirrh, and Olibanum, of each half a drachm; Maſtich, four ſcruples, Fenugreek one ſcruple, boil them as much as you find convenient; then with the Oyl of Roſes, and Seaſamini, of each two drachms, make an Unguent.

Then you muſt labour to preſerve the Heart from the venome, by inward Med cines.

Julius Palmarius doth much commend that Powder, againſt the biting of a Mad Dog, or other venemous Creature; which Powder is called by the Colledge of Phyſitians, in their Diſpenſatory, Pulvis Antiliſſus.

Paracelſus adviſeth to give the Patient red aſtringent Wine, wherein Steel hath been quenched, and a little Treacle with it. Or let the Patient take now and then a little of this mixture with the Wine: Mithridate two Ounces, Venice Treatle one ounce, the powder of red Corals one ounce and an half, mix them. Alſo, Philonium Perficum, doth wonderfully defend the Head and Vital Parts. If the Patient grow very thirſty, it is a ſign that the Venome reacheth to the Heart: then give warm milk, and the powder of Red Coral; and apply to the Region of the Heart an Epithem made of Roſe-Vinegar, Camphire, and Sanders, ſealedearth made into a Plaiſter, with ſome convenient moiſture, and applyed, is much commended againſt the poiſon of the Spider and Toad. Laſtly, you muſt labour to bring the Wound to ſuppuration, aſterwards mundifie, incarnate, and cicatrize it. If the Creature which inflicted the Wound were not venemous, the pain is leſs, and the danger not ſo great, and the Cure eaſily performed by ordinary Medicines.

CHAP. IV. Of a Wound in the Nerves, Tendons, Ligaments, Veins, and Arteries.

VVHether Nerve, Tendon, &c. are wounded, may be eaſily conjectured; and how, and with what weapon it was done, the Patient will be able t inform.

If a Sinew be burnt, there is great pain, hurt both of ſenſe and motion, ſometimes a Feaver, Inflammation, Convulſion, or raving; a breach or wound of a Vein, or Artery, is known by profuſion of bloud. But whether the Vein or Arterie be wounded, their proper figns muſt diſtinguiſh, viz. the bloud black and thick, with an equal fluxion, ſheweth a wounded Vein: but if the bloud be thin and yellow, and cometh forth leaping, like the motion of the Pulſe, then is the Artery wounden.

The Nervous Ligaments will endure Medicines of great force: If in Wounds of this nature a Tumor appear, and afterwards vaniſh away it threatneth danger of Convulſion and Raving. If a Nerve be wounded overthewart, and not cut alunder, it brings the move peril of Convulſion. An Artery cut overthwart is ſooner joyned together, then if it were ſevered longwiſe. An Artery cut is harder to cure then a Vein. Flux of bloud is peril lous, eſpecially of an Artery; for unleſs it be ſtopped, it bringeth death unavoidably. Swooning, Convulſion, Raving, &c. in this caſe, is an evil token. For the Cure, if the Nerve be priekt, begin thus: If there be any weapon, or any outward thing ſticking in the Wound, let it be removed, and keep the part from in jury, & if you fear inflammation, open a Vein. Let him lye in a warm Room, on a ſoft bed; and keep the body looſe, by Cliſters, or laxative Medicines, regulated according to the nature of the humour peccant. Let his Diet be ſparing, and ſmall Beer his Drink. Let him lye as free from motion as may be; let not the cold Air, which is inimical to the Sinews, afflict him; not too hot Air, for fear of inflammation. Keep the Wound oren, & if it be not wide enough, makeit wider: then uſe ſuch Medicines, that may eaſe the pain, and draw forth the eruginous and fretting matter: Medicines which heat and dry without pain, is good in this caſe; as the Oyl of Turpetine, Ireos, Sage, Elder; or Water, wherein Salt and Turpetine hath been boyled; the Oyl of Earth-Worms, and of the yolks of Eggs mixed; or the Oyl of Roſes and Turpetine; or the Oyl of Turpetine, and of Savine mixed; or Euphorbium one drachm, boiled in two Ounces of Oyl. For which purpoſe, this Plaiſter is good: Take of the Roots of Marſhmallows, the Meal of Barley, Beans, and Lentils, of eaeh a like quantity, as much as you think good: boil them in Lye; then put to it Oyl of Roſes, Camomel, Dill, and Turpetine, of each ſufficient, and a little Saffron, ſo make a Plaiſter. If the Wound will come to ſuppuration, heal it forward, and afterwards mundify it.

If the Nerve be cut, after you have obſerved the aſorelaid general Rules, joyn the Nerve; then apply this Medicine: Take of Karth-worms prepared three drachms Horstail two drachms, Betony and Nettles in powder, of each one drachm; Olibanum three drachms: encorporate them with the ſleſh of Snails beaten, and apply it four days, laying on ſome Glutinative Unguent. Take of the leſſer Century, Plantane, Hounds-tongue, Mouſe. ear, both the Conſonds, Horſe tail, and Yarrow, of each one handſal; Earth-worms a pound and an half; Oyl and Wine, of each one pound and an half; Vinegar ſour ounces: stamp them, and let them infuſe 7 dayes: then add the Suet of a Ram one peund, Pitch and Rozin, of each ſour ounces: boil them to the conſumption of the Wine and Vinegar; add to the straining Ammoniacum, Gathanum, Opaponax, diſſolved in Vinegar, of each 5 drachms: Turpemine one ounce and an half, Frankincenſe, Maſlick, and Sarcocol, of each three drachms: Of Saffron two ounces; Wax, as much as needeth, to make an Unguent: Both theſe are much commended by Jacobus Weckerus.

If the Vein or Artery be cut, you muſt firſt labour to ſtanch the bloud: Secondly, to cure the Wound. Firſt, the bloud may be ſtanched, either with, or withs out Evacuation: With Evacuation, is to open a Vein on the contrary part, and ſometimes near the Wound, and to let it fly, and ſuddainly ſtop it again. To ſtay the bloud without Evacuation, muſt be performed by cupping, with ſcarrifying, binding and rubbing of the contrary part. Secondly, you muſt bridle the furious courſe of in by things that thicken, cool, and aſtoniſh: Things which thicken the bloud, are Rice, Lentils, Jujubees. Quinces, and all Stiptick Fruits. Cold Water drunk, or laid upon the member near the Wound, doth aſtoniſh it. It the Vein or Artery lye ſo that you may eaſily come at it, ty the end with fine ſilk, ſtitch up the Wound, and apply aſtrictive Powders upon it; and upon that lay on the like powder, mixed with the White of an Egg, with Stuphs. This Powder is good: Frankincenſe, Aloes, Terra Sigillata, Bolearmenick, and Senguis Draconis, of each equal parts; pouder them finely, and with the white of an Egg, and the hairs of a Hare, let it be applyed: Or this, Take of Lapis Haemitatis one ounce; Frankincenſe, Maſtich, Bolearmenick, Cobwebs green Galls, dried Frogs, Soot, white wall, and the Meal that lye upon the walls of Mills and Bake-houſes, of each two drachms: Burnt Vitriol, Quick-lime, and Gum-Traganth, of each three drachms; the ſhaving of the skin of a Ram, or He-Goat, Paper-cards, the hairs of an Hare, and cotton torrified, of each one drachm: Aſſes dung half an ounce; make it into fine powder, and uſe it as the fermer. The accidental Symptomes both of this and other Wounds, you ſhall have in a Chapter by themſelves, with their Cures.

CHAP. V. Of Luxations and Fractures.

A Luxation, or Diſlocation, is the ſlipping of a joint from his Natural Poſition, and proper place, into ſome ſtrange and unwonted ſeat, whereby voluntary motion is hindered. A Fracture is a diviſion or breaking of the bone: the cauſes of the firſt are either outward or inward; outward cauſes are falls, ſtrokes, extenſion, wrenching, or the like, the Patient is able to inform you. The inward cauſes are filthy, ſlimy, and Phlegmatick Humours, falling between the joynt, as it many times happeneth in the Sciatica. Cauſes of Fractures, are things of weight falling upon the place, or the Patient falls from on high, ſlippeth, or ſuch like.

A Diſlocation is known by theſe ſigns, viz. a Tumor in the part where the bone lies, a pit or cavity in the place from whence the bone is departed, great pain, a difficulty or deprivation of motion in that member. The bone broken is eaſily ſeen; but whether the Fracture be overthwart, or long ways, you may diſcern thus: If it be overthwart, by ſeeling you may diſcern the bone ſeveral, and disjoyned, the bones make a noiſe and crackling, when you handle each ſide diverſly. If it be long-ways, the former ſigns appear not and that part appeareth thicker then ordinary, uneven, and painful.

Of bones that ſlip out of their places, ſome are eaſily repoſed, and ſome more hardly; the knee eaſily ſlippeth out, and is eaſily put in again, the fingers and ſhoulders may eaſily be reduced. The jawbone, the ſhoulder-blade, Ostali, the heel-bone, the hand and middle of the foot do commonly knit in fourteen or one and twenty dayes: the hip in fifty dayes, and the foot in ſixty, if the Patient give it reſt. If in the ſetting the bone crack, or make a noiſe, and the member look like the other, it will be well, the Elbow ſeldom ſlippeth out, and is not put in againe without much trouble. If the borders of the bones are broken, it is the worſe. If a wound, Inflammation, a violent paine accompany the Luxation, it is dangerous and hard to be cured. If it hath continued long, and is grown Callous, it is hard to be cured. If a Child happen to have a diſlocation, and it be not reduced, the member groweth little or nothing.

Likewiſe in a fracture the bones of the Armes, Leggs, Thighs and Fingers are not very dangerous, the farther from the head the better. A fracture accompanied with violent pain, Inflammation, wound in the fleſh, or contuſion, is very bad, becauſe it cannot be dealt withall, till thoſe accidents be firſt removed. In declining age, and Cholerick perſons the cure is difficult; in very aged perſons impoſſible, the older the Patient is, the worſe, a rib broken is dangerous. The breach of the bone or Griſtle of the noſe is bad, worſe if the fleſh be wounded. In a fracture of the ſcul theſe are dangerous ſymptomes; when the membrane is unmoveable, black or evil-coloured: loſs of wits, reſolution or diſtenſion of the Ne ves. A Tranſverſe fracture is moſt tolerable: a ſlope fracture with looſe fragments is worſe, but if it be ſharp pointed, it is worſt of all. The ſcull asketh thirty dayes to be joyned: the Arme and Leggs fourty dayes, the Cubit thirty, a rib one and twenty, the Showlder and Thigh fourty, the bone of the noſe is joyned in eight or ten dayes.

For the cure, firſt of a diſlocation, the bone muſt be ſtretched out, and compelled to its proper place. But the operation muſt be warily and variouſly handled, according to the nature of the part, and the diſpoſition, ſcituation, and knitting of the bones, tendons, and Nerves. Sometimes it may be done by the hand, and ſometimes not without hands and Engines: when it is in, you muſt labour to keep it ſo, by ſtrengthening the member, anoint it with the oyle of Roſes, Myrtles, and Maſtich, then lay on a linnen Cloath dipped firſt in oyle of Roſes, upon that Cloths wet in the white of an Egg, and put upon it ſome aſtringent Powders: then rowle it up with Clothes wet in Water and Vinegar, then ſplent it with ſtiffe Leather or Paſtboard, bind it not too hard for feare of inflammation, then leave it ſo ſeaven or ten dayes, unleſſe any ſymptome ariſe. Then open it and bathe it with warme water, to diſcuſſe the ſuperfluities and eaſe pain, and do it up as before, and bind it a little harder. If there be inflammation, wound, or fracture with the diſlocation it is dangerous, and many times the placeing of the bone muſt be deferred till the inflammation be eaſed; if it be with a wound or fracture, the following diſcourſe of the cure of fractures will inſtruct you. If any Callous bardneſſe be gathered between the Luxated bones, the place muſt be ſomented with the decoction of Marſh and common-Mallowes; or afterwards it muſt be anointed with the unguent of Marſh Mallowes, and lay on a Payſter of Diachilon Magnum.

A fracture muſt be thus dealt with, viz. let the Patient ſit or lye in a place convenient, or ſuch as the nature of the member requireth, let two with their hands, one under the member, and the other above, or one to the left hand, the other to the right joyne the broken bone: if you have need of more force, prepare large Tyalls of Linnen, and let two draw one one way, and the other another, and pull the member as much as is needfull; but beware of violent pulling and extenſion of the member, leaſt vehement pain, Fevers, Convulſions, and reſolutions be procured: when the bone is in its place and joyned, labour to keep it ſo, and bind it up as is taught before in binding up of a diſlocation, and lay it beſt for the Patients caſe: open it not in fifteen dayes, unleſſe pain, Inflammation, Itching, or ſome ſuch like ſymptome; in the mean while foment the member round about it with the Oyle of Roſes, Myrtels and Maſtick. After fifteen dayes open it again, and foment it with Wine, wherein Worm-wood, Roſes, and a little Salt hath been boyled, and bind it up as before, till ſeven dayes be paſt, then open it againe, and apply Emplaſtrum Oxycroceum upon it. If the fracture be in the lower parts, move not the belly by Cliſter or otherwiſe, if the body be full of blood open a vein, becauſe it hinders defluxions. In the beginning let his diet be but ſlender, after the tenth day let him eat freely of ſuch things as ingender thick, and cleaving juyces, as Rice, Wheat, the intrailes of Sheep, and the feet of Calves, and Sheep, and ſuch like.

If there be a contuſion with the fracture, you muſt not roule up the member as before you are taught, but ſlopewiſe on either ſide of the contuſion, that ſo you may come to dreſſe the contuſion, and not open tho member, the like you may do if there be a wound; but if there be any ſmall ſplints that prick the member, they muſt be taken out before. If you find that the Callus grow not faſt enough, apply ſuch things as draw nouriſhment to the place: as warm-water, moderate frications, and a Plaiſter of Pitch. If it grow over great, apply that which may diminiſh i , rub it much, and apply a plate of Lead to the part. If it be inflamed, oment the part with warm-water, and Oyl of Roſes, and ſuch things which are appropriated to allay ſuch diſtempers: and apply no ſplents till the inflammation be removed. If the part be vexed with Itch, or Puſtules, anoint it with unguentum populeon, diapompholigos or album. If the part gangrene, ſcarrifie it, and deale with it, as you ſhall be taught in its proper place.

CHAP. VI. Of Accidents commonly happening to wouned perſons.

I Should firſt begin with immoderate bleeding, being commonly the firſt Accident; but to avoid needleſſe repetitions, I ſhall referr the Reader to the fourth Chapter of this book, where I have ſufficiently performed this task.

If immoderate pain vex the Patient, as many times it doth; Simples mitigating pain, may be made uſe of, viz. common Oyle, the Oyle of Roſes, and Poppyes, the crums of Wheaten bread, ſteeped in hot water, the white of an egg, Women's or Cows-milk, Sheeps greaſe, you may make compound medicines of the root of Night ſhade, finely powdered, and Hogs-greaſe, make an oyntmnt, or you may uſe unguentum è Solano, or the white of an egg, and Stiptick Wine, and ſuch like. Then you muſt conſider if the diſtemper be hot or cold; if hot, whether it is of the whole body or the part only: if the whole body be diſtempered, it is a Fever, and you muſt ſeek the cure in the ſecond book; if the diſtemper be in the Member only, foment it with the decoction of Plantane, Roſes, and ſuch like, with the Oyl of Roſes, unguentum album, populeon, &c: if the member ſuffer by a cold diſtemper, which you may know by the ſwart colour, looſneſſe, and ſoftneſſe of the part; then you muſt apply heating medicines: unguentum Baſilicon, will do very well in this caſe.

If a Convulſion happeneth, you muſt conſider what is the cauſe: if repletion, or fullneſſe of phlegm be the cauſe, let the place wherein he lyeth be naturally, or art ficially hot, and dry: let him lye free from perturbation, and trouble, let his ſleep be moderate, and only in the night. Let him be very moderate and ſparing in his Diet, which ought to be rere Eggs, Barly, Cream, the fleſh of Chickens, Capons and Hens; Raiſons, Pine-Kernells, ſweet-Almonds; of hearbs, Sage, wild Time, Hyſop, Marjarome and ſuch like. Let the phlegmatick humor be purged, and the convulſed part anointed, with the oyle of Nard, Bays, Caſtor, Rue, Nutmeggs, &c. Veſalius commendeth this following oyntment: Take of oyle of ſweet-Almonds, Hens greaſe, and the marrow of Calves feet, of each nine drachms; oyle of Violets ſix ounces; the fat of a Kid and Calfe, of each fifteen ounces: boyle them in the decoction of Mallowes, the root of March-Mallowes, and the ſeeds of Quinces, till it be conſumed, then ſtrain it and bring it into the form of a Liniment. If Convulſion come by repletion of blood, and inflammation, open the middle vein, and draw blood at ſeverall times, give Clyſters, and deal with this inflammation as with another. If emptineſſe be the cauſe of Convulſion, direct a moiſt diet; reſt of body and mind and much ſleep. To the diet aforeſaid add ſmall ſtone fiſhes, let his drink be Barly-water, and if a little Liquoris and Cinamon be ſodden therein, it will be the better, herbs proper for him are Lettice, Spinach, Arach, Borage, Bugloſſe, Mallow, and ſuch like; of fruits, Melons, Gourds, Damask Prunes, Peaches, ripe Grapes, &c. The conſerve of Violetts, Borage, Bugloſſe, Diatraganthum frigidum, and bathe his body or the part with warm water and oyle, or anoint with the oyle of ſweet Almonds. Be ſure to remember to have reſpect to the greatneſſe of the diſeaſe, the ſeaſon of the yeare, the age, ſtrength, and conſtitution of the Patient.

Swooning often happening to wounded perſons, if vioient pain be the cauſe, labour to appeaſe the pain, you have rules enough before going. If it be occaſioned by unmeaſurable Evacuation, caſt Roſe-water or cold water into his face, uſe ſtrong Ligatures and fricarions to the extream parts.

If ſome venemous quality, by reaſon of a bite of ſome venemous Creature, or wound with ſome venemous weapon, be the cauſe of this ſymptome, you muſt ſeek the remedy in the third Chapter.

If Raving and Madneſſe happen, appoint a mean diet betwixt hot and cold; labour to provoke ſleep, to looſen the belly, and to expell all perturbations of the mind. If the body abound with blood, and nothing forbid it, open a vein: then alter and prepare the humors with Juleps, made of the ſyrup of Roſes, Violets, Water-Lillyes, Poppyes, and Endive: then empty the body with Manna, Caſſia, or ſome ſuch gentle thing: or with an Emollient Cliſter; but above all, have a ſpeciall regard to the wound, becauſe pain there may be the cauſe, therefore let it be often opened, and bathed with Vinegar, and oyle of Roſes, or ſomething that may powerfully appeaſe the pain.

If the Palſie happen you muſt be very circumſp ct, and appoint ſuch a Diet, as for the Convulſion; let his drink be honyed water, and boyle therein Sage, and Cinamon: or this, Take of Cinamon two ounces, Ginger, half an ounce: graine of Paradice, Galanga and long Pepper, of each one drachm: Cardamoms one drachm, and an halfe; Nutmegs, Cloves and Mace, of each one drachm: boyle them in water to the waſting of a third part, ſtrain it, and ſweeten it, and let the Patient drink two or three ounces in a morning. For medicines internall, or externall go to the ſeventh Chapter of the ſecond book.

If the wounded perſon be coſtive, and he begin to ſuffer prejudice thereby, give him ſome Lenitive medicines, or a ſuppoſitory. If he ſuffer by ſtoppage of Urine, give him ſomwhat, which gently provoketh Urine: ſee the 68 Chapter of the ſecond book. If Vomiting happen, and it ceaſeth not in due ſeaſon, Take Leaven, half a pound, the juyce of Mint extracted with Vinegar, as much as is needfull, boyle them in to the form of a Cataplaſm, lay it warm to the Stomach. If the Patient feel heat, and aſtoniſhing about the wound, anoint the wo nd with the oyle of Camphire If the wound ſwelleth with heat, and pilleth under the finger, boyle Water-Creſſes, and Water-Lillyes in Roſe Vinegar and apply it. If there appeare the Flux of the Sinews, which is a viſcous liquor from the Nerves; dreſſe it with a vulnery oyle, and lay on Emplaſtrum Sticticum. If the wound putrifie, and goeth back from healing, ſwelleth with heat, looks black, blew, or ſwart, Take of Litharge, one pound; Allum one pound and an half; Salt two ounces; Frankinſence four ounces; Roman Gum five ounces; of Wine, Water, and Vinegar, of each one pound, boyle them a quarter of an hour, and apply it warm. If there grow a Puſtulous Fiſtula, that is when the wound is healed too ſoon, without any firm foundation, ſo that it putrifie underneath, and break out again, in this caſe Paracelſus adviſeth this Cerat to be uſed. Take of common oyle, Virgin Wax, and Litharge of Gold in Powder of each one pound: boyle them together into the formes of a Cerate, to which add Opoponax prepared with Vinegar, and Mummy, of each three ounces; Aristolochia, Maſtick, Frankinſence, and Mirrh, of each half an ounce: Turpetine three ounces: Oyle of Bayes two ounces: Camphire two drachms: mix them upon the fire, afterwards make it up with oyle of Camomel. So much for the generall cure of wounds, and their accidents.

CHAP. VII. Of Sanguine Tumors.

FIrſt Phlegmon is a Tumor begotten of pure blood, and is for the moſt part incident to the fleſhy parts; the Antecedent cauſe is abundance of blood. In which Tumor are three things conſiderable, firſt the part that ſendeth it, either by reaſon of its plenty, ſtrength, or ſtreightneſſe of paſſages; Secondly, the part receiving it, either by reaſon of weakneſſe, largeneſſe or opening of the paſſages, or by the lowneſſe of its ſcituation. Thirdly, the part drawing it, which it doth either through heat or pain within it. The conjoyned cauſe is much blood in the part, which before it cometh to ſuppuration, cauſeth a Tumor, Redneſſe, heat, and pain: but when it is ſuppurate, the Tumor is ſoft, yielding and growing to a point, a pricking and beating pain: laſt of all the skin breaketh, and the pus iſſueth out: ſomtimes if the humors be thin, and the skin of the ſame nature, the Tumor may be reſolved without ſuppuration.

To this Tumor happeneth evill accidents ſomtimes, if the Chirurgion want care or skill. Sometimes it turneth to corruption, and is ſeen by its leaden black colour, and ſtinking ſavor. Somtimes the matter maketh a regreſſion, and the Tumor diminiſheth, but the whole body is inflamed with a Feaver and ſuch like accidents. And ſomtimes it turneth into a Schirrhous hardneſſe.

In the cure the Antecedent cauſe muſt be firſt removed. Therefore firſt let the Chirurgion open the Liver-vein, or any other vein, which he finds hath more affinity with the ſending part; if he ſee good, he may bleed him in the oppoſite part for a revulſion, and derive the matter to ſome part adjacent, by cupping, frication, or Ligatures; and apply to the part affected medicines that cool and repell or beat back the flowing humors; and of this ſort are theſe ſimples. Acatia, Vinegar, Balauſtines, Bolearmenick, Camphite, ſealed Earth, Myrtles, Pome-granate Peels, unripe Grapes, Vine-leaves, the leaves of Cyprus, Plantane, Oake, Sumach, Night-ſhade, Henbane, Houſleeke, Lettuce, Purſlane, Roſes, and ſuch like. Of theſe you may make ſomentations, or Cataplaſmes, to be uſed in the beginning of the Tumor, to hinder and beat back the blood, which floweth to feed it. Take this caution that in ſome caſes, theſe medicines ought not to be medled with, to wit when the humor is Malignant, or thick; or if the Tumor be Criticall: Or upon ſome of the Glandulous parts.

Next you muſt deale with the conjoyned cauſe, or the blood impact in the part affected. If you judgo that the blood is thin, and apt to be diſcuſſed, diſcuſſing medicines are to be applyed. This Cataplaſm is good: Take the leaves of Mallows, Melilot and Camomell, of each one handfull: the ſeeds of Dill, Flax, and Fenugreek, of each half an ounce, boyle them to the Conſumption of the Water, then beat them in a Stone-Morter; and add to it the oyle of Dill, and Camomell, of each one ounce: a little Honey and Leaven, and make it into the form of a Cataplaſm. But if the matter be thick, and not fit to be diſcuſſed, then labour to bring it to ſuppuration. For which theſe Simples are proper, Warm water, Butter, Wheaten Bran, or Wheaten bread, the greaſe of an Hogg, Calfe, Gooſe, &c. Greaſe tryed from the Wool of a Sheep, Rozin, Pitch, Figs, Saffron, Frankinſence, &c. Of theſe you may make Cataplaſms, and remove them twice a day. If the hot intemperature doth ſtirr up a Fever, let the diet be ordered, and ſuch medicines adminiſtred, as the nature of the Fever requireth; ſee the ſecond book, among the Chapters of Feavers; when you find it very ſoft, and well ſuppurated, open it with a Lancet, where it is ſofteſt, and in the moſt convenient place for the matter to come forth; afterwards mundifie, incarnate and Cicatize it.

A Carbuncle is a Sanguine Tumor, the antecedent cauſe of it is black, thick, hot and faculent blood, flowing to the place: the conjoyned cauſe is the ſettling of the blood in the part as you have heard before. The ſignes of a Carbuncle are ſometimes but one, and ſomtimes many ſmall puſtu'es like burnt bliſters, which being broken, a cruſty Ulcer enſueth. If it be peſtilentiall, the cruſt is black or Aſh colour, about it redneſſe, Inflammation and grevious pain; the Patient is troubled with Loathing, Vomiting, loſſe of Appetite, Palpitation of the heart, and Swooning.

Carbuncles for the moſt part are attendants of the Plague, and Epidemicall cauſes. If they come upon the Emunctuories, there is very great danger, leſt the venemons humors fall upon ſome principall part. If it break out about the Stomach, or Jaws, there is danger of Choaking. If the colour be firſt Red, after Yellowiſh, it is laudable, but if it be black or blew it is dangerous; If the accidents which accompany the diſeaſe vaniſh, there is hepes.

In the cure, firſt have regard to the antient cauſe which is thick hot blood, and muſt be altered and evacuated, to alter the quality of the blood, give him broath of Chickens, with Lettice, Purſlane, Pomegranates, and Lemons; and his drink Barly-Water: give him medicines cooling and concocting: as Juleps made of ſyrup of Vinegar, Pomegranates, Citrons, Lemons and Endive; and the diſtilled water of Lettice, Purſlane, and the like. But if the Peſtilence be preſent, you muſt have reſpect to the malignity, and give ſuch medicines which ſtrengthen the Heart and Vitalls: See the 90. Chapter of the ſecond Book; the quantity muſt be diminiſhed, ether by blood-letting, cupping, or medicines, as gentle Purges or Cliſters; in all which be well adviſed, if the Plague be preſent. If there be a great fluxion of blood to the part, lay on diſcutients and repreſſings: diſcutients you have before. Take this caution that you apply gentle ones in the beginning, and ſtronger when the matter is gathered, to lay defenſives to the adjacent parts, as the Oyntment of Roſes, Bolearmenick, or the oyle of Mittles and Vinegar; alſo attractives are convenient, as hot Bread, the warm Lungs of beaſts new killed, the taile of a Cock made bare, and a little Salt put into it and applyed, or young Pidgeons ſlit alive and applyed warm. The cauſe conjoyned muſt be taken away by Chirurgions, or Medicine: firſt ſcatifying of the Tumor (if nothing (orbid it) deeply, and waſh it with warm-water Horſleeches are good. When the matter cannot be diſperſed, or otherwiſ delt with, you muſt apply ſuch things as have an altering, or ripening quality, as is aforeſaid. If the Carhuncle be very venemous, this is commended viz.

Take a great Onion, and cut off the head of it, and pick out the core or middle part; fill the hollow place with good Venice Treacle, paſle on the head again with a little Leaven, and roaſt it in the Embers: when it is ſoft pill it, and beat it in a Morter, and apply it warm to the Sore, and renew it every 6 hours.

This Cataplaſm is much commended. Take of Onions, and Garlick heads, of each of them four; one Lilly Root, the Seed of Flax, and Fenugreek, of each one ſpoonful: Snails, with their ſh ls, four or five; ſour Figs: Leaven as much as a Walnut, Barrows greaſe as much as two Walnuts; beat them all in a Morter very well, warm it and apply it.

Then you muſt mundifie and heal it; but if there remain a cruſty Eſcar, you muſt reſolve it; for which purpoſe this Plaiſter is good.

Take the flower of Wheat and Barley, of each three ounces, with the decoction of Mallows, Violets, and Althea Roots, and make it into a ſolid Plaiſter: then add to it freſh Butter, and Hogs greaſe, of each two ounces, the yolks of two new laid Eggs.

This mollifieth the cruſtineſs, and caſeth pain. If it be corrupt and putrified, you muſt make uſe of inciſion, cautery, or hot Iron.

Gangrena is a mortification of any part, occaſioned by exceeding inflammation, but not fully accompliſhed, but ſome ſenſe remaineth. Sphacelus is when the part is utterly deprived of ſenle, & is mortified: ſo that if it be ſtricken, burnt, or lanced, it feeleth no hurt. The fleſhy parts are not onely ſubject to this, but even the Nerves and Bones. The cauſe is aduſt bloud, flowing to, or lodged in the part. Outward cauſes are cold Air, or Medicines, unmeaſurable Heat, or Venome, Ligatures, Compreſſions, Contuſions.

Gangrena is known by the loſs of ſenſe, though not wholly, black or ſwartiſh colour; there is pain, heat, and beating of the Atteries. In Sphacelus, there is a total loſs of ſenſe, black colour, putrified, ſtinking, rotten; being preſſed, yieldeth to the bottom, and returneth not.

The firſt is difficult to cure; the other more, and not without cutting, when the Bones and Sinews are affected it is incurable: unleſs it be cured in the beginning, the part affected dyeth, and it creepeth to the near parts, to the deſtruction of the whole Body.

In the Cure, firſt temper the bloud by a cooling Diet as before, and give preparing Juleps, ſuch as are afore preſcribed. Diminiſh the ſame by bloud-letting, if nothing forbid it, and by gentle Purges; as Caſſia Fiſtula, Tamarinds, Fumitory, Catholicon, Diaprunum, Lenitive, and the like. Lay repreſſing Medicines to the parts round about: Take of the Oyl of Roſes and Myrrh, of each three ounces and an half, the Juyce of Plantane and Nightſhade, of each two Ounces, boyl them to the conſumption of the Juyces: add to it white Wax one Ounce and an half, the Meal of Beans, Lentils, and Barley, of each half an Ounce; of all the Sanders, two drachms and an half, Bolearmenick one Ounce, the Powder of Myrtles one drachm; mixe them for a defenſive.

Give the Patient ſuch things inwardly, as chear the Heart, and revive the Spirits.

This done, draw up your forces againſt the conjoyned cauſe: and firſt, if nothing prohibit, bleed your Patient, and ſcarifie the place, and waſh it with Water and Salt: cut the member, or burn it with a hot Iron, and leave nothing that is putrified, to preſerve the reſt of the Body: then apply Medicines, whoſe property is to dry and reſolve.

Quercetanus preſeribes two Unguants of great force for the purpoſe: Take of Honey two Ounces, Crocus Martis, and Crocus Veneris, of each half an Ounce; Myrrh, and Round-Dirthwort, of each one Drachm: Camphire, one Drachm and an half; the Phlegme of Vitriol ſix Ounces: Boil them to the conſiſtence of an Unguent: then add of Mercury Precipitate half an Ounce, and make an Unguent. Or this, Take of Butter of Arſenick two Ounces, Mercury precipitate half an Onnce: Oyl of Myrrh two Drachms: Mixe them with Honey, being firſt waſhed with the juyce of Celandine.

When the putrifaction cealeth to go any farther, remove the Eſcar, as you were taught before: then mundifie and heal it.

CHAP. VIII. Of Cholerick Tumors.

FIrſt, Eryſipelas, or ignis Sacer, is a Cholerick Fluxion, chiefly conſiſting betwixt, or about the skins. The antecedent cauſe is Choller, abounding and flowing to the part. The conjoyned cauſe is the ſame Humour there ſetled. The firſt is known by a Cholerick Conſtitution and Diet. The ſecond is known by great heat, ſmall Tumour, reddiſh or yellow colour, ſoon vaniſhing in touching, and quickly returning: The pain is not with pulſation and beating, but biting and pricking, and the Patient is ſenſible of the motion of a Tertian Feaver. Eryſipelas about the head is a hard thing to cure, and it eaſily gets into the Face, and there ſpreadeth: for the fleſh there is thin, and the humour light and active. If it happen to the Womb of a woman with child, it is deadly: if it lye near the bone, it is dangerous: if it return from the outward parts to the inward, it is very evil: the like judge, if it come to ſuppuration, which it ſeldom doth, but is ſent forth by tranſpiration.

Firſt, order the Air to be cool and moiſt, where your Patient lodgeth, and his Diet of the ſame nature. Bleed not, unleſs bloud be mixed with Choller, which is called Eryſipelas Phlegmonoſum: Then prepare the Humours with Tuleps convenient, made of the Syrups of Vinegar Simple, Bugloſs, Maiden-hair, Violets, Water-Lillies, Endive, and Succory, and their diſtilled Waters, or others of the like nature. When you have prepared the humour, purge it either by Cliſter, or Potion. This Potion is much commended: Take of the beſt Rubarb four ſeruples, the Flowers of Violets and Borrage, of each one drachm, the decoction of Tamarinds, ſufficient: inſuſe the Flowers and Rbubarb ten hours, ſtrain them, and diſſolve therein Diacatholicon three drachms, Syrrup of Roſes two ounces, and make a Potion. Veſalius. You may alter, or make variety of Potions, as you ſee occaſion: Or empty your body with this Cliſter; Take Marſh and common Mallows, Violet leaves, Camomel, and Lettice, of each one handful; the ſeeds of Aniſe, Fennel, and the four great cold ſeeds, of each one drachm; the flowers of Borage, Bugleſs, Violets, and Water-Lillies, of each one Pugil; Polypodium, and Senna, of each one ounce: make a Decoction to a pint; of which add of Caſſia one ounce; Diacatholicon, half an ounce, Oyl of Violets, two ounces, make a Cliſter.

Add ſtrength and aid to the part, by cooling and repelling Medicines, viz. Epithems, and Liniments, made of the juyce or diſtilled Water of Night-ſhade, Houſleek, Stonecrop, Fleabane, and Henbane, Purflane, Lettice, Endive, Succory, and ſuch like; the Oyl of Roſes, and Water-Lillies, Vinegar, Sanders, the White of Eggs, the Muſilage of Quince ſeeds, &c. Compounds are the Unguent of Roſes, or Refrigerans Galeni, and ſuch like.

The conjoyned cauſe muſt be removed by Medicines, which have power to evacuate and diſcuſs; Take of the Litharge of Gold one ounce, waſhed Ceruſe ſix drachms, the juyce of Plantane, and Womans milk, of each one ounce and an half, Oyl of Roſes three ounces, white wax, as much as ſufficieth to make an Unguent.

There are other Yumonis, which do commonly aſſociate with Eryſipelas, viz. Herpes Exedens, or Miliaris, which are called Chollerick Puſhes, and the Shingles. The firſt is cauſed of a thick and ſharp 〈◊〉 of yellow Choller, ſlowing into the part which doth feed upon, and eat the skin. Herpes Miliaris are ſmall Paſtules riſing upon the kin, like the ſeeds of Millet from whence it hath its name: It is cauſed of yellow Choller, mixed with thin Phlegm. Theſe, Humours abounding in the body will declare.

The cure of theſe, differ little from the former; appoint the ſame Dier and Medicines, externally and internally, making this difference: In the firſt, let the Medicines preparing be more cutting, and the purging Medicines ſtronger, becauſe of the thickneſs of the Humour; and let the outward Medicines be more powerfully diſcutient. In the cure of Herpes Miliaris, obſerve the ſame Diet, to your Preparatives, and ſuch things as cut Phlegm: To your Purges, ſuch as purge Phlegme. Extemal Medicines may by an eaſie Brain be regulated, little differing from the former. This Cataplaſm is very good: Take of Pidgcons Dung freſh, as much as you pleaſe: mix it with Wheaten flower, and apply it cold, and cover it with a Colewort Leafe; renew it twice in 24 hours.

CHAP. IX. Of Flegmatick Tumours.

OEdema is a looſe Tumor without pain, proceeding of Phlegmatick Humours, flowing into ſome part. The Tumor is looſe and ſoft, yieldeth to the finger, and retaineth the pit after the finger is gone.

This Diſeaſe is more prone to Reſolution, than Suppuration: ſometimes it turneth to Nodes and Knots in the fleſh.

Order your Patient with a Diet, contrary in quality to the Diſeaſe, viz. Heating, drying, and making thin. Then prepare the Humour for Evacuation; theſe Simples are good: Betony, Sage, Hyſop, Balm, Polymountain, Penyroyal, Calamint, Origanum, Margarom, Southernwood, Mint, Wormwood, Germander, Groundpine, Cowſlips, Agrimony, Maidenhair, the cold Seeds, Lignum Vitae, the Roots of Cyprus, Acorus, Ireos, Galanga, Elicampane, Smallage, Parſley, Graſs, Aſparagus, Butchers Broom, Fenel, &c. Of theſe you may make Compound Medicines, to prepare the Humors for purging. This Apozem is of good virtue: Take the Root of Ireos, and Galanga, of each 6 drachms Smallage, Parſley, and Aſparagus, of each one ounce; of Betony, Balm, Germander, Groundpine, and Maidenhair, of each one handful; the Seeds of Anniſe, Fenel, Caraway, and Cummin, of each two ounces; the ſeed of Melones 6 drachms; of Raiſins stoned two unces, the ſeed of Carthamus two ounces, Senna one ounce and an half, the Flowers of Broom, red Ci ers, Stechas, and Bugloſs, of each one pugil: make a decoction, of which take two pound, and diſſolvt therein Honey of Roſes, and Syrup of Wormwood, of each two ounces; Sugar as much as ſufficeth, Aromaticum Roſatum two drachms and an half; make an Apozem, and clarifie it for 6 Doſes.

When the Humoes are thus prepared, you muſt come to purging them with ſuch Medicines, as purge the Phlegmatick Humours: the next Book will furniſh you with ſtore of ſuch Medicines, ſo that I need nor here inſert them. Outwardly ſortifie the part with this or the like Unguent. Take of Bolearmenick, and Acatia, of each one ounce, Cyperus half an ounce, Aloes and Myrrh, of each five drachms, Saffron half a drachm, the juyce of Coleworts two ounces, Oyl of Roſes four ounces, Vinegar one drachm and an half; Wax ſufficient, to make an Unguent. Concerning the matter impact in the parts, you muſt conſider whether it be thin, and may be reſolved; or thick and ſubject to ſuppuration,

If the Humor be thin, lay on this, or a Plaiſter of this nature.

Take of Cow Dung one pound and an half, Olibanum, Styrax, Moſs of Trees, Calamus, Atomaticus, Spicknard, Wormwood, of each half an ounce; make them up with Vinegar, and the decoction of Coleworts into the ſorm of a plaister.

If you find the matter will come to ſuppuration, apply this Plaiſter.

Take of Mallows, Trank Urſint, the Root of Lillies, Onions, Snails, Leaven, and Flax Seed, of each a like quantity ſufficientl; boil them, and beat them in a Morter, with Hogs greaſe, or freſh Butter, to the form of a Plaiſter.

If you fear that the Humours may ſuffer in the mean while, provide internal and external Medicines for the ſame: Take of Conſerve of the Flowers of Stechas, and Roſemary, of each one ounce; of the Rinds of Citrons preſerved half an ounce, Emblicks, and Mirabolans preſerved two drachms, Species Diacinnamon two ſcruples with Syrup of Citron Peels, make an Electuary; whereof let the Patient take the quantity of a Nut an hour before meat,

The Apoſthume being ripe, open it with an hot Iron, or Couſtick; then mundifie it with Unguentum Apostolorum, or cleanſe it with this following Unguent: Take of Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Rozin, Turpetine, Pitch, Bullocks Tallow, and Oyl, of each a like quantity: Diſſolve the Gums in Vinegar, and then let them hoil a little with the reſt upon the fire. Afterwards incarnate and cicatrize it as you do other Ulcers.

Out of this Phlegmatick Humour is ſometimes ingendred a flatuous and windy Tumor, which is gathered either under the skin, or under the membranes, which cover and cloath the Bones and Muſcles.

They appear with a certain brightneſs and ſhining, reſiſt the touch; and being ſmitten, ſound like a Bladder: the pain is extenſive, and ſtretching. Let his Drink be ſuch, as expels and prevents ſuch Humours. Let the Humours be prepared by Wine, expelling Julips, and the Body emptied by Carminative, and Cliſters, and convenient Purges.

Then you muſt attenuate, diſcuſs, and ſcatter the conjoyned Cauſe; theſe Simples are fit for the purpoſe, Aniſe, Fenol, Dill, Caraway, Carots, Commin, Siler Montauum, Smallage, Parſley, Rue, Bay-Berries, Oyl of Rue, Bays, Flowerdeluce, Nard, Spike, Nuts, Euphorbium, and ſuch like. Of theſe, and other Ingredients of the like nature, are many Unguents and Plaiſters formed.

Take of the Oyl of Camomel, Dill, Bitter Almonds, and Rue, of each one ounce; the Seed of Anniſe, Fenel, Carrots, Caraway, Arreos, and Rue, of each half an ounce: White-wine three ounces: Boil it to the conſumption of the White-wine; ſtrain it, and add Wax ſufficent to make an Unguent.

The expert Chirurgeon ought to compound and alter his Unguents, Plaiſters, and all his Medicines, according to the conſtitution of the Patient, and nature of the Tumor; for which it is impoſſible to lay down certain Rules. Give inwardly Diacinnamom, Diacalamenthum, Aromaticum, Roſatum, Diagalanga, Dianiſum, and ſuch like; and lay a Plaiſter of the ſame nature to the ſtomach. If a Watry Tumor is ingendred in any part, or all over the body, ſee the 58th Chap. of the 2d Book.

Struma is a Tumor, in which, underneath, certain Glandules made of Matter and Bloud, and incloſed with a Membrane do grow: They have their place for the moſt part about the Neck, Arm-holes, and ſometimes in other places. The principal cauſe is Flegmatick Humors: ſometimes falls, •… oaks, or great Surfeits may be the cauſe. They that have narrow and ſhort Fore-heads, flat Temples, and broad Jaws, are ſubject to this Diſeaſe. This Tumor ſeldom comes to ſuppuration, if it doth, it gathereth again. The greater the Tumor, and the deeper it is rooted, the harder the Cure.

For the Cure of the Struma, or Kings evill appoint a diet, that will heat, dry, and attenuate; then prepare the humors. Take of Oxymell compounded, ſyrup of Staechas, honey of Roſes, of each half an ounce: the distiled water of Scabius and fumitory, of each one ounce: mix it for one doſe, and take thereof as often as need requireth. Then purge with Diaphaenicon, Diacatholicon, Indi majoris, Hiera piera, Pill Cochiae, de agarico, and ſuch like. It is good alſo to cleanſe the blood by Urine: Take of Pilewort three handfull, Philipendula two handfulls, pimpernell, Mouſeare, Tanſie, Red Coleworts, Madder, of each one headfull: the Roots of Fennell, Parſly, round Birthwort, Raddiſh, and ſtinking Gladwin, of each half a handful, the ſeed of Nettles, Juniper, and Bay-berryes, of each one drachm; boyle them in Wite-Wine to the Conſumpoion of half, ſweeten it with Honey, give every ſecond or third day three ounces in the morning. If the conjoyned cauſe be fit to be reſolved, then uſe meanes that can mollifie, attenuate, diſperſe and ſepetate: ſuch as is Diachylon, Commune, and Magnum, Diapalma, many unguents, Liniments, and Plaiſters may be made for the purpoſe aforeſaid, which I heare omit. If the matter be unfit for reſolution, then have you two wayes to empty it, that is ſuppuration, and inciſion. This plaiſter is good to ripen it. Take the roots of Marſh-Mallows, and Lillyes, of each one pound, boyle them ſoft, and beat them in a Morter: Garlick and Onyons boyled, of each three ounces, the oyle of Lillyes and Buſter, of each two ounces, Hogs greaſe, and Gooſe greaſe, of each two ounces and an half, the Meale of Wheat, Fenugreek and Flax ſeed, ſufficient, the Yolks of two Eggs make a plaister, when it is ripe open it with an inſtrument, or ruptory of Chantharides or Arſnick. If it appeare filthy, cleanſe it with Unguentum Apoſtolorum, Egyptiacum, or ſuch like, afterwards incarnate and Cicatrize it. If it ſubmit not to medicines, it muſt be taken out by manuall operation, which only belongeth to an expert and able Chirurgion: ſeeing the whole cure is difficult, and ought to be managed by an able brain, and skillfull hand, I omitt any further diſcourſe of it, it being my taske principally to inſtruct people of mean Capacity.

There are three other phlegmatick Tumors, which lye under the generall notion: the firſt is called Atheroma, and is a Tumor without pain and change of colour, which is a humor contained in the membraines or Nervous Coats: it is clammy like ſodden Meale, Starch, and ſomtimes mixed (as it were) with haires, peeces of bones, &c. Meliſeras is a Tumor ſomwhat thinner, and almoſt of the ſubſtance of Hony, otherwiſe agreeing with the former. Steatoma is much like the two former, ſave that the humor contained is like ſuet, and the Tumor doth encreaſe, and is much enlarged in proceſſe of time; the inward cauſes of them all are Flegmatick humors, with which the body doth abound. The firſt is thus known, the Tumor is long and ridged; being preſſed, returneth to its place again but ſlowly, by reaſon of the clammyneſſe of the humor; the ſecond Tumor is rounder and thinner, being preſſed, yieldeth and returneth ſpeedily; the laſt is hard, yieldeth not to the preſſing of the finger, for the humor is like Suet.

The firſt muſt be dealt with by corroſives and inciſion; the ſecond by diſcutients, corroſives, and inciſion; the laſt no otherwiſe but by inciſion alone.

The diet, preparatives, and purges, which are proper for Oedema, are here to be uſed. If you find the Tumor fit for reſolution, apply diſcuſſive plaiſters, a plaiſter made of Cyclamen is much commended.

Take of Cyclamen, otherwiſe called Sowbread, as much as you pleaſs, Hogs-greaſe and Brimſtone of each equall parts, beat them into the form of a plaiſter. If it will not be reſolved, conſume it with eating medicines: among many of this nature, this following is commended.

Take of the Scales or flower of Braſſe half an ounce, of red Arſenick, and black Ellebore, of each two drachms, with Oyle of Roſes; make a plaiſter; make a deep eſchar, and make inciſion through it, and apply a Cauſtick.

The Cure may be performed only by inciſion, but the Chirurgion muſt beware that the Tunicle, which holdeth the matter be not broken, leſt ſome part of the humor be left, to the hinderance of his operation.

CHAP. X. Of Melancholly Tumors.

THe true and Legitimate Scirrhus is a Tumor hard, without pain, yet ſenſible. The antecedent cauſe is Melancholy, abounding in the body; the conjoyned cauſe is the humor fixed in the part. The firſt is known by the Melancholly conſtitution of the Patient; a diet and courſe of life, which is apt to breed Melancholly. The ſecond, viz. the conjoyned cauſe is known by a Tumor hard and ſcarce yeilding to the touch, in colour between red and black, of dull ſenſe.

Theſe Tumors if they be timely and carefully dealt with, may be cured by reſolution: Sometimes they become indurate, and ſomtimes they degenerate into a Cancer.

Let the Patient live in a Temperate aire, let him uſe moderate exerciſe, and avoid exceſſive affections and paſſions of the mind, let his body be kept ſoluble, and let his meat be ſuch as is of good nouriſhment, and eaſie digeſture, and let him therein be moderate.

Let the Melancholly humors be prepared by Juleps made of the ſyrups of Fumitory, Borrage, Bugloſe Endive, Succory, Rubarb, Harts-tongue, Epithymum, and Vinegar, with their diſtilled waters. This Apozem is very effectuall.

Take the root and leaves of Sorrell, Borrage, Bugloſſe, and Fumitory, the leaves of Maidenhaire, Succory, Endive, Dandelion, and Hops, of each one handfull; Balm, half a handfull, the four great cold ſeeds beaten, of each two drachms, the ſeed of Purſlane two drachm; Aniſe and Fenell, of each one drachm, Raiſons of the Sun stoned ſix drachms, Polypody, one ounce; Senna one ounce and an half; Time and Epithymum, of each two drachms; the Flowers of Violets, Borrage, and Bugloſſe, of each one pugill, make a decoction, in two pound of which diſſolve the juice of Odoriferous Apples, and of Bugloſſe, of each four ounces, boyle it againe to a pint and an half, then ſweeten it with Sugar, as much as is convenient: Clarifie it, then Aromatize it with the Powder, Diamargariton Frigidum, and Diatr •… aganthum Frigidum, of each one drachm; make an Apozem for four Doſes.

The humor prepared, purge it with ſuch things as purge Melancholly; theſe ſimples are proper; Sena, Polypodium, Epithemum, Fumitory, Caſſia, Lapis Lazuli, and Mitabolans, black Hellebore, and ſuch like. Look for compound Melancholly Purgers in the next book.

The conjoyned humor muſt be dealt with by ſuch things as ſoften, ſeperate, and diſcuſſe, as the greaſe tryed out of flank Wooll, Butter, the oyle of Almonds, Camomel, Dill, Lillyes, &c: the fat of a Cock, a Duck, Gooſe, Fox, Bear, Lyon, Sow, Calfe, Stag, Eagle, Vulture, Bee-Glew, Wax, fat Figgs, Marſh and Common Mallows, Lillyes, Branck urſine. Ammmoniacum, Bdellium, Galbanum, Styrax, Tarr, Rozin, and ſuch like, of which you may make unguents and plaiſters. This plaiſter of Calmeteus is of great virtue. Take of fat Figgs, in Number twelve, boyle and stamp them, Ammoniacum, Bdellium, Galbanum, diſſolved in Vinegar, of each two ounces, Liquid Styran, one ounce, the Muſilage of Ma ſh-Mallow roots, of the ſeed of Flax, and Fenugreck, of each two ounces, Oeſipus and freſh Butter, of each one ounce, oyle of Lillyes three ounces, with Wax as much as ſufficeth; make a Plaiſter.

A Cancer is a hard, unequall, round, and venemous Tumor; of a black colour, hoe and painfull: it is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , it hath this name for theſe reaſons, firſt becauſe the veins about it, filled with Melancholly blood, are ſtretched out like unto the feet of the Crab fiſh. Secondly, becauſe it is much like in colour to a Crab; and laſtly ſome will have its name to be taken from its ſticking quality, that it can ſcarcely be pulled away, as the Sea-Crab doth, which obſtinately ſticketh to the place, on which it layeth hold. The cauſe is thick and Melancholly juice contained in the part, and appeareth with a hard, reſiſting, unequall, ſwartiſh or brown Tumor; round about it the veins are ſwelled, and exalted: about it there is ſomtimes ſuddaine pricking, but for the moſt part it is of dull ſenſe.

The thicker and blacker the humor is, ſo much the w •… ſe is the effect, this diſeaſe happeneth to any part of the body, but more eſpecially about the face, Eares, Lips, Womens breaſt, who have wanted their naturall purgation: and it happens to men, who were wont to have Hemorrhoicall purging, and have loſt it. By reaſon of the thickneſſe and ſtubbornneſſe of the humor, it is ſeldom cured, but rather turneth to an Ulcerate Cancer. Thoſe Cancers only that are upon the extreame parts of the body receive curation: but if they are deeply lodged, they admitt not of cure: a Cancer that is confirmed cannot be cured unleſſe it be rooted up, by inciſion or burning,

Order your Patient, as before in reſpect of diet, and prepare and purge the Melancholly humor as before is taught: in this caſe let purges be very gentle and often reiterated. Then give medicines which have a faculty to conſume and dry up the matter: This Electuary of Antonius Montaguana is good. Take of the powder of Sea or River Crabs drowned in Milk, and dried in an Oven, of each four ounces, the powder of Frogs, Snailes, and Hedg-Hogs, of each one ounce, the rind of Citrons preſerved, two ounces; the ſhaving of Ivory, and the bone of a Stages Heart, of each three drachms. Xylobalſamum, and wood of Aloes, Sanders, Corall, and the powder of Steel prepared, of each two drachms; the ſeed of Sorrell and Citrons, the powder of Carduus, Scordium, and Ceterach, of each one drachm, Amber and Musk, of each two graines, the conſerve of Borrage, Bugloſſe, Sorrell, and Sowthiſtles, of each two drachms, with the ſimple ſirrup of Apples as much as ſufficeth; make an Electuary, the doſe is the quantity of a Cheſnut, three houres before meat. Then apply ſuch medicines to the part, that may ſcatter the humor contained, and ſtrengthen the part againſt farther defluxion: Theſe ſimples are very aſſiſtant in this caſe: Nightſhade, Ceterach, Agrimony, St. Johns wort Clery, the juyce of Coriander, the fleſh of Cocks, Snailes, River-Crabs, Frogs, the dung of a man, burnt and waſhed lead, oyle of Frogs, oyle of ſulphur and ſuch like, you may make a compound oyntment thus.

Take of Bolearmenick and Terra Sigillata of each one ounce, of Lapis Ealaminaris, and waſhed Ceruſe, of each half an ounce, Tutty and Marchaſite prepared, of each three drachms, the powder of Frogs and Snailes dryed in an Oven, of each three drachms: Litharge of Gold two drachms, oyle of Roſes three ounces, oyle of Frogs one ounce and half , Vinegar two ounces, the white of two Eggs, Wax ſufficient, let them be well beaten in a Leaden Morter, and brought into an Unguent.

Whilſt you purge, apply ſuch things as principally repell or beat back; in the augmentation you muſt beat back and diſcuſſe, in the declination diſcuſſe only, and all the while let the Patient be nouriſhed with Cordialls, to defend the Heart, Liver, and all the principall parts from this ſo malignant and ſtubborn Enemy.

CHAP. XI. Oſ ulcers.

An Ulcer is a ſolution of continuity in the fleſh, containing Sanies and Pus. The antecedent cauſes is Bloud, Choler, Flegm, Melancholy thereto flowing, as hath been ſaid of Tumors; the joyned cauſe is diſtemperature, pain, tumor, contuſion, or ſuch like, ſtirred up by antecedent cauſes: Of this cemeth matter either good or bad; that which is good is of a mean ſubſtance, between thin and thick, white light equal, and not ſtinking: that which is bad is thin, glewy, much in quantity, ſwarriſh, black, pale, ſtinking.

If the diſtemperature of the Ulcer be hot, it is known by heat, redneſs, and relief by cold things. In a cold diſtemperature, there is not ſo much redneſſe, and it is caſed by hot things. Whether the diſtemperature be moiſt or dry, the eye will diſcover.

The cure of an Ulcer ſimply conſidered, muſt be performed by Medicines which have a digeſtive, mundificative, incarnative, and cicatricing quality: of which ſort, I have alieady treated in the cure of Wounds.

I ſhall onely now briefly treat of the Diſtempers, Adjuncts and Accidents of Ulcers.

Firſt, let the ſymptome be removed: if it be hot, conſider whether it be with matter, or without; if with matter, whether it be Sanguine, or Cholerick. If it be a Sanguine Diſtemper, let bloud, obſerve a ſlender and cooling. Diet and Medicines. If the matter be Cholerick purge Choller, obſerve a cooling Diet, and uſe cool Medicines. If there be a hot diſtemperature without matter, neither purge nor bleed, but uſe cooling Medicines; as Unguentum Album, Diapompholigos, Rubrum, Camphora, Ex Plumbo, and Ex Ceruſſa, and ſuch others. Alſo, Roſe-Water, the Juyce or Water of Nightſhade, Houſleek, Plantane, and ſuch like.

If the Diſtemperature be cold, purge Flegme if it abound, and uſe Diet and Medicines, which doth heat and dry inwardly: Outwardly apply warming Ointments; Unguentum de Althea, or Unguentum Citrinum: waſh it with warm wine, or the decoction of Wormwood, Mint, Hyſop, Calamint, Origan, Roſemary, Peny-royal, and ſuch like.

If the Ulcer be too moiſt, dry it with Unguentun Pompholigos, de Plumbo, de Ceruſſa, de gratia dei, de Calce.

If it be too dry, let his Diet and Medicines be moyſtening; as Baſilicon de Pice, Diachylon, &c. Having removed the Diſtemperature, go on gradually to the Cure; if the matter be crude digeſt, having digeſted it, mundifie it; having ſo done, in carnate it: and laſtly, cicatriſe it.

If a Tumor doth accompany the Ulcer, you may from the Chapters aſoregoing, be able to judge what the Humour is, which is the cauſe thereof. You muſt evacuate it by bloud-letting, purging, thin and cooling Diet and Medicines: The Chapters aforegoing will inform you, whether it be drawn thither by the part if ſelf, or ſent from other parts, or from the whole body: Nor you need not go any farther, nor I trouble my ſelf to preſcribe Medicines, to repel and diſcuſs the Tumors, the aforenamed Chapters being ſufficiently furniſhed.

A contuſed Ulcer muſt be nouriſhed with Medicines moiſtening and ingendring good matter, and the Cure may be performed by the means preſcribed for the Cure of a contuſed Wound.

If the Ulcer be accompanied with proud fleſh, it muſt be taken off by an Inciſion Knife, Cautery, or hot Sciſſers, &c. or by cotroſive Medicines: the gentler ſort are Burnt Allum, Hermodactyls with Tartar, Date Stones burnt, Aqua vitae with Sulphur, Unguentum Apoſtolorum, Nettle-ſeed, the Flower of Braſs, Burnt Braſs, Serpentaria, the Root of Aſphodels, &c. Of a ſtronger ſort are theſe, the Powder of Mercury, Unguentum Aegyptiacum, or Apoſtolorum, with Natural Verdegreaſe. Of the ſtronger ſort are, Quicklime, Red Vitriol, Burnt Vitriol, Mercury ſublimate: Of theſe may many Compounds be made, which for brevity ſake I omit.

If the Lips of the Ulcer be hard, ſoften it with mollifying Medicines, made of the fat of a Gooſe, Hen, Duck, Lion, Bear, Calf, Oxe, or the like; the Oyl of Lillies, Sweet Almonds, Earth-Worms, Foxes, Unguentum Baſilicon, Diachilon, and Emplaſtrum de Mucilaginibus. If it be ſo hard that it will not yield to Medicine, make uſe of In ciſion, Cautery, or of the aforenamed corroſive Medicines.

If the Bone be defiled by an Ulcer, take it off with a Scaling Inſtrument, or an hot Iron: after you have looſed the Scale, the firſt three days apply Oyl of Roſes, and the White of an Egg warm: the next three days, the yolk of an Egg, and Oyl of Roſes; after that with Butter and Hony. If the Bone lie ſo deep, that you cannot apply your hot Iron, inject this Water: Take of White Wine one pound and an half, the diſtilled Waters of Plantane, and Roſes, of each one pound; Mercury ſublimate three drachms, Bolearmenick half an ounce, Burnt Allum one ounce and an half, white Vitriol, and Borax, of each half an ounce, White Sugar two ounces, Maſlick, Sarcocol, of eath one ounce and an half; Powder what is to be powdered; boil it to the conſumption of half, then filter it, and add of the beſt Aqua Vitae one pound, and reſerve it to your uſe. It is good alſo to lay this following Powder to the putrified Bone: Take of round Birthwort, and the Bark of the Pine-tree, of each three drachms: of the Root of Hegs Fennel, and Reeds, of each two drachms; of Agarick, and Tartar, of each one drachm and an half; Eupborbium one drachm; make a Powder; lay it upon the putrified Bone, or mixe it with Honey, or Aegyptiacum, or ſuch like.

If Worms breed in the Ulcer, take away the humidity and putrefaction whereof they are ingendred; kill the Worms with the Juyces, or Decoction of Wornewood, Centory, Eupatorium, Wormwood, and ſuch like, bitter Hearbs. So much for the general cure of Ulcers.

CHAP. XII. Rules for Vomiting and Purging.

THE firſt thing herein confiderable, is the matter offending; what part of the body is afflicted, and which is the beſt way to evacuate the peccant humour. The matter offending is either Flegm, Water, Choller, or Melancholy. Purging Simples work gently or ſtrongly, thoſe that work gently onely, are to be given to weak Bodies; the ſtrongeſt, to ſtronger perſons. Be well adviſed of the offending humour before you purge, leaſt inſtead of helping, you weaken Nature. Before you take a purge, let the Humours be prepared by ſome Medicines proper for the purpoſe, eſpecially if Flegm or Melancholy be the humour you would purge. Prepare the body before with Medicines, that are attenuating and cutting, and let your Purge be made up with it. The next Book will furniſh you with variety of altering and preparing Medicines.

It is a matter of conſequence to conſider what part of the body is afflicted, and to form your Purges accordingly. If the remote parts of the body be afflicted; as the Head, Arms, Feet, and the like, let your Purge be made up into a hard form as Pills; that by their long ſtay in the body, they may be the better able to draw the humours from thoſe parts.

If the oftending humour lye in the Bowels, or adjacent parts, uſe liquid Medicines: and in all theſe look not upon the multitude of Ejections, but of the matter ejected.

If the humours lye in the Tunicle of the Stomach, a Vomit is neceſſary, and in many caſes more it is a good Revulſion; but take them not without advice from an able Phyſitian.

If the Purge work not at all, give warm Broath, and Poſſet Drink, and if the Purge were ſtrong, give a Cliſter. If it work too ſtron ly, which is worſe: give ſuch things as make the Bowels ſlippery for Ejection, as the Oyl of Almonds, which is good, if the mouths of the Veins be opened, or if there happen excoriation, for the ſame purpoſe, Quince-ſeeds, and Mallows, boiled in milk, is good; and Gum Traganth diſſolved in water, or Milk; the Syrup, or Marinalade of Quinces have the like virtue.

If Vomiting hold too long, give a draught of Milk, with a little Maſtich therein; and lay to the Stomach Emplaſtrum, è Cruſta Panſs. If either Vomit or Purge work too churliſhly, ſome give a Pill of Laudanum, and with good ſucceſs. Anoint the Stomach and Belly with Oyl of Roſcs, and lay on it the Powder of Maſtich, of Galls, and Red-Roſo leaves.

Chymical Medicines, if they be rightly prepared, and adminiſtred with care and judgment, are the beſt, for they ſtay but a little while in the body, and do not bind afterwards, becauſe the Terrene part is taken away.

If the Humour be tough, it is not eaſily carryed away; therefore in ſuch caſes purge gently and often.

The Doſe ought to be regulated by an able Brain: In the next Book I ſhall give you the Faculties and Doſe of moſt of the Medicines (in uſe) amongſt us. For the Times and Seaſons of purging, in reſpect of the motion of the Moon and Stars, I have given you a few general Rules at the latter end of my Almanack for the Year, 1659. to which I refer you.

An end of the Third Book.
BOOK IV.

IN this I ſhall ſhew you the Faculty and Natural Operation of moſt of the compound Medicines now in uſe amongſt us, and ſold by the Apothecary: together with a general Rule for the making of all ſuch kind of Medicines. Thoſe that deſire a more particular Deſcription of their Ingredients or Compoſitions, let them peruſe the Diſpenſatory made by the Colledge of Phyſitians of London: If they cannot underſtand the Latine Tongue, let them make uſe of the Tranſlation thereof, by Mr. Culpeper, it being unbefitting for this Volumne. Be pleaſed therefore to accept of their Faculties and Doſes from the leaſt to the greateſt, which muſt be regulated with judgment and diſcretion, according to the age or ſtrength of the Patient, the Seaſon of the Year, and the nature of the Diſtemper.

CHAP. I. Of Distilled Waters.

COld or ſimple Diſtilled Waters are drawn out of Hearbs, Flowers, Fruits, and Roots; all which ought to be diſtilled when they are in their greateſt vigour, and ought to be gathered in a dry day about Noon. The common way is to diſtil them in a Peuter Still: the Water thus diſtilled is (of all Medicines) the weakeſt, yet is of uſe in mixing them with other Medicines, that they may be the better taken. To avoid burning, put fifted Aſhes under the Veſſel, which holds the Hearbs, and give a gentle fire.

But to make the Water have more ſmell and vertue of the Hearbs, do thus: Take what green Hearb, and Roots, or Flowers freſh gathered, if you pleaſe bruiſe them, and mix with them ſome Leaven, and let them ſtand cloſe covered four or five days, then diſtil them as aforeſaid. To make it ſtronger, do thus: When you have diſtilled any Hearb as aforeſaid in a common Still, by putting a Paper under them to prevent burning and drying the Cake overmuch: Put the Water and the Cake together into a hot Still, or Alembick, and let them ſtand warm 24 hours; then diſtil them, and if you would have the Water yet ſtronger, pour this Water upon more Cakes, and do as before; and if there be any Oyl upon the top of the Water ſeparate it, thus you ſhall have a very ſtrong and excellent Water. Or if you perform this diſtillation in a glaſſe Gourd, in a gentle Balneo, that is in warm-water, your water will be very good, and far excelling the water diſtilled the common way. To know the virtue and uſe of theſe waters, you muſt find the virtue of the hearb by ſome Herball, or Hiſtory of Plants and Hearbs. If you would have a diſtilled water out of flowers, which ſhall retaine the ſmell of the flower, do thus. Take Roſes, Violets, Honey-ſuckles, or what other flower you would diſtill, pick them, being firſt gathered in a fair, and Sunſhine day, infuſe a handfull or two of them into two quarts of the beſt White-wine, the ſpace of half an hour, not much longer (leſt with the ſubtill ſpirit, the carthy part alſo come forth): then take them forth, and infuſe in the ſame Wine the ſame quantity of flowers; do ſo eight or ten times. Then put the Wine into a glaſſe body or Gourd, and cloſe the joynts well with Lutement, and diſtill it in a gentle Balneo, or place your Glaſſe over the Vapour of hot water, that ſo the ſubrill ſpirit only may aſſend. By this meanes you ſhall have a water of a moſt fragrant odour;

You may diſtill a water ſtrong of the vegetable out of dried hearbs thus: Take of any hearb dried (or ſeed or root if you pleaſe) a pound, put it into twelve pints of clear ſpring water, let it ſtand warm as aforeſaid, then diſtill it in a hot Still or Alembick, to this diſtilled water add more dried hearbs, and diſtill againe as often as you pleaſe, till your water become like a Spirit. Or if you add White-Wine to the hearb, it will be the ſtronger, which leads me to the diſtylled waters, preſcribed by the Colledge of Phiſitians; of one of which I ſhall ſet down the manner of diſtilling, and content my ſelf in deſcribing the virtues and quantity to be uſed of the reſt.

Spiritus & aqua Abſynthii minus compoſita. The Spirit and Water of Wormwood, the leſſer Compoſition.

Take of the Leaves of dried Wormwood two pound, Annis ſeed half a pound, ſleep them in ſix Gallons of ſmall Wines twenty four hours, then diſtill them in an Alembeck, adding to every pound of the diſtilled water two ounces of the beſt Sugar. Let the two firſt pound you draw off be called the Spirit of Wormwood; the reſt wormwood-Water the leſſe compoſition. In the ſame manner (omitting the Anniſeeds) you may diſtill the Spirit and Water of any hearb, root, flower or ſeed whatſoever.

Spiritus & aqua Abſynthii magis compoſita. The Spirit and Water of Wormwood the greater Compoſition.

Take of common and Roman Wormwood, of each a pound; Sage, Mints, Salme, of each two handfull, the roots of Galanga, Ginger, Calamus Aromations, and Elitampane, of each three drachms, Liquoris one ounce, and Raiſons of the Sun ſtoned three ounces; the ſeeds of Annis and ſweet Fennell, of each three drachms; Cinamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, of each two drachms; Cardamoms and Cubebs, of each one drachm; let the things that are to be cut, be cut, and bruiſed that are to be bruiſed; and all of them infuſed in twenty four pints of Spaniſh Wine, for twenty four houres; then diſtilled in an Alembeck; add two ounces of white Sugar to every pint of distilled water. Call the firſt pint the Spirit of Wormwood the greater Compoſition. The vertues are theſe; it heats and ſtrengthens the Stomach and Lungs; helps Concoction and ſtays Vomiting; it kills Wormes in the Stomach and Belly; expells wind, mitigates the paines of the Teeth. The doſe is from three drachms to half an ounce.

Spiritus & aqua Angelicae magis Compoſita. The Spirit and Water of Angelica the greater Compoſition.

It comforteth the heart and vitall Spirits, it rarefieth and diſcuſſeth flatuous humors, it is good againſt Poyſon taken, againſt the Peſtilence it is prevalent, and a good preſervative in peſtilentiall times, and againſt ill Aires. It is good againſt Crudities of the Stomach, and diſeaſes of the Matrix proceeding from a cold cauſe. The doſe is from two drachms to ſix.

Spiritus Lavendalae Compoſitus; The Compound Spirit of Lavender.

This is a very chargeable Spirit, and is of great efficacy againſt paſſions of the Heart, Convulſions, Cramps, Palſies, Apoplexies, and all ſleepy diſeaſes, vertigo, and comforts a cold brain. The doſe is the ſame with the former.

Spiritus Caſtorei: Spirit of Caſtor.

It reſiſteth Poyſon, and is good for ſuch as are bitten by Venemous Creatures; gives ſpeedy delivery to Women in Travail, and eaſeth the Fits of the Mother. It helpeth Deaſneſs, proceeding from ſtoppage, mixed with White Wine, and dropped into the Ears, It is good againſt the Diſeaſes mentioned in the former. The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm. Give it in ſomething that is cooler.

Aqua Petaſitidis Compoſita. The Water of Butter bur Compound.

It is good againſt the Peſtilence, and a good preſervative in Peſtilential Times: it gives eaſe to thoſe who are ſhort-winded, eaſeth the Fits of the Mother: it dryes up moiſt Humours in thoſe that have Sores hard to be cured, The Dose is two, three, or four drachms in ſome cooling Cordial.

Aqua Raphani Compoſita. Radiſh Water compound.

This Water is good againſt obſtructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Womb; prevaileth againſt the Scurvey, and cleanſeth Women after their lying in. The Doſe is from two drachms to half an ounce.

Aqua Peoniae Compoſita. The Compound Water of Peony.

This is very prevalent againſt the Falling Sickneſs and Convulſions. If the Fits come daily, take it Morning and Evening: If it come Weekly, take it at the New or Full Moon, the firſt or laſt Quarter: If the Diſeaſe decline, give it onely at New and Full Moon. In the Fit, it is good to rub the Jaws, Noſtrils, and Temples, with it. The Doſe is from two drachms to ſix.

Aqua Bezoartica. Or Bezoar Water.

It withſtands Melancholy, and is good for ſuch as are in Conſumptions. It ſtrengtheneth the Heart and Vital Spirits. It is Diaphoretick, and is good in Peſtilential Feavers. The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm: Give it with other cooling Cordials.

Aqua & Spiritus Lumbricorum Magiſtralis. The Magiſtral Water, and Spirit of Earth-Worms.

I conceive this was compoſed for a Reſtorative for ſuch people that have lingring Diſeaſes, occaſioned by obſtruction of the Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys; as the Evil Habit, Hypochondriack Melancholy, Scurvey, &c. The Doſe is from half an Ounce to an Ounce,

Aqua Gentianae Compoſita. Gentian Water Compound.

It is a good Preſervative againſt the Peſtilence, caſeth pains in the Stomach, and helpeth Digeſtion, and drives out old Colds, openeth Obſtructions of the Liver, eaſeth the pricking pains in the ſides, and is good againſt the yellow Jaundies; it provokes the Terms, and expelleth a dead Child, or After-Birth. The Doſe is from three drachms to half an ounce.

Aqua Gilberti, Gilberts Water.

This Water is a very great Cordial, it ſtrengtheneth the Heart, and reviveth languiſhing Nature; it may be taken from half a drachm to a drachm: it is ſo coſtly, that it is almoſt out of the reach of ordinary people.

Aqua Cordialis frigida Saxoniae.

It is a very cooling Water, and profitable in Feavers, and to allay the heat of bloud, it giveth reſt by ſleep: You may take from two drachms to half an ounce.

Aqua Theriacalis; Or, Treacle Water.

This Water is of excellent vertue againſt the Peſtilence, and other Feavers; it is a very good counter-poyſon, and good for thoſe that have been bit by any venemous Creature, or ſuch as have the French Pox: for it driveth forth all vitulent Humours from the Heart, and is a great Cordial. The Doſe is from half an ounce to an ounce.

Aqua Brioniae Compoſita; Or, Briony Water Compound.

This Water is Hyſterical, eaſeth the Fits of the Mother: it expelleth the After-Birth, and provoketh Womens Courſes. Let Women with Child forbear it. Let thoſe that have occaſion take from half an ounce to an ounce, in the Morning, faſting.

Aqua Caponis; Or, Capon-Water.

It is good for ſuch whoſe ſtrength is decayed by Feavers, or other Sickneſſes: it is an excellent Medicine for thoſe that are in Conſumptions, or waſted by a Feaver Hectick, or Maraſmus. Take from half an ounce to an ounce.

Aqua Limacum Magiſtralis; Or the Magiſtral Water of Snails.

It openeth Obſtructions of the Lungs, and purgeth them of Flegm, and is very good for the Conſumption of the Lungs. Take half an ounce, or an ounce.

Aqua Scordii compoſita; Or, Compound Water of Scordium.

This is a good Preſervative againſt the Peſtilence, gives reſt in Feavers, and is friendly to the Stomach and Womb. Take it from two drachms to half an ounce.

Aqua Imperialis, and Aqua Mariae.

It ſtrengtheneth and corroborateth the Heart, and is therefore good for ſuch as are ſubject to Faintings, Swoonings, and Palpitations of the Heart, and is a Preſervative againſt Apoplexies. The Doſe is from one drachm to three.

Aqua Mirabilis.

This is of admirable force and virtue, to preſerve the Body from the Apoplexy, and all Diſeaſes of the Nerves. It is very good againſt the Palſie, Convulſion, and Cramp; and is good for cold Stomachs. From two drachms to half an ounce is the Doſe.

Aqua Papaveris compoſita; Or, Poppy Water compound.

It is good againſt Surfets, and Feavers there from ariſing: it provoketh ſleep, cooleth the bloud, and concocteth the Humours. Take from half an ounce to an ounce.

Aqua Cinnamomi, Cinnamon Water.

It ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Lungs, Heart, Brain, and Nerves. It cleareth the ſight; is an Antidote againſt Poyſon, and biting by venemous creatures, and is good againſt a ſtinking Breath, and nauſeouſneſs of the Stomach. It is very friendly to the Womb, and is of an attenuating, opening, digeſting, and ſtrengthning virtue. From two drachms, to ſix, is the uſual Doſe: in cold Diſeaſes, you may take more.

Aqua Caeleſtis.

This alſo prevaileth againſt Malignant and Peſtilential Feavers, reſtoreth ſuch as are in Conſumptions, comforteth the Heart, and reviveth drooping Spirits. It is very hot in operation: You muſt ſcarcely exceed half a drachm for the outmoſt Doſe, without the adviſe of a Phyſitian. In Feavers, mix it with cooling Juleps.

Aqua Meliſſae, Bawm Water.

It reſtoreth Memory loſt, it maketh all the Senſes acute, it ſtrengtheneth the Heart, Brain, and Stomach: and for thoſe who are troubled with cold Stomachs and Brain, it is a Jewel. It maketh the Heart glad, the Tongue nimble (in thoſe who are ſubject to the Palſie in that Member) the Teeth white, and the Breath ſweet. The Doſe is from two drachms to half an ounce.

Aqua Menthae, Mint Water.

It cools and ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, Liver, and Spleen, helps Concoction, breaketh Wind, and ſtays Vomiting. The Doſe is from one drachm to three.

Ordinary Aqua Vitae, Anniſe-ſeed water, Uſquebath, and ſuch like, are commonly uſed; and moſt people know they comfort a cold Stomach, and is good againſt hurt of Digeſtion, coming from a cold cauſe. It breaks Wind, and the like.

Tinctures are made of any Hearb, or other Simple, by firſt bruiſing them, and putting to them as much Spirit of Wine as will cover them three or four fingers; cork it up, or ſeal it, and let it digeſt in a Bath as long as you ſee good. If you know the virtue of the Simples, you cannot be ignorant of the Tincture.

To make Phyſical Wines, is eaſie: Take this one for an Example; Take a handful of dryed Wormwood, for every Gallon of Wine; ſtop it in a Veſſel cloſe, and let it remain in ſteep. So you may prepare a Phyſical Wine of any Hearb, Flower, or Seed, whatſoever, either ſimple or compound.

Phyſical Vinegars are prepared thus: Take of Red-Roſe Buds, gathered in a dry time, the Whites being cut off, and dryed in the ſhadow three or four days, one pound; Vinegar eight Sextaries: ſet them in the Sun fourty days; then ſtrain out the Roſes, and repeat the infuſion as often as you pleaſe.

Thus may you prepare Phyſical-Vinegars of any Flower. As the Hot Waters and Spirits are beſt for cold Bodies, and hot Diſeaſes; ſo on the contrary are Vinegars beſt in hot Diſeaſes, and may be externally uſed.

Theſe I thought good to add the Treatiſe of Diſtilled Waters.

For the preparation of Diſtilled Waters of this nature, read Quercetanus his Diſpenſatory; one of which I ſhall here inſert, having preſcribed it in the afore going Books; which is his Diſtilled Water againſt ſpitting of bloud.

Take of the Roots of Biſtort, Comphry, and Tormentil, of each one ounce; the Leaves of Knotgroſs, Yarrow, Speedwel, Winter Green, Sanicle, Shepherds Purſe, with its Root, of each one handful: of the tops of the Blackberry Buſh, and Maſtick Tree, of each half a handful: the Seeds of Sumach, Myrrles, Plantane, Barberies, and white Poppy, of each 6 drachms: the Flowers of Water-Lillies, Gourds, Quinces, and Red Roſes, of each two Pugils: let them be mixed, and beaten; then macerated in Balneo for the ſpace of four days, in the Juyces following, viz. Plantane, Purſlane, Sorrel, and Agrimony, of each two pound: Let them be afterwards ſtrongly preſſed out; then add of the Juyce of Acatia, Hypociſtis, of each two Ounces: Terra Sigillata, and Bolearmenick, of each half an ounce; Electuarium Diatraganthum frigidum of each two drachms: Macerate them for four dayes, and diſtil it in Aſhes till it be dry.

Let them who are troubled with ſpitting of bloud, or any inward Wound or Bruiſe, take two or three Choclearies, either by it ſelf, or mixed with Syrup of Myrtles, dryed Roſes, or Syrup of Comphry; and if the Flux of Bloud be very violent, give a ſcruple of the Tincture of Corral with it.

CHAP. II. Of Syrups.

OF ſyrups there are three ſorts; ſyrrups made by infuſion, juyce and decoction; ſyrrups made by infuſion are made of flowers, and ſuch flowers, as ſoon looſe both colour and ſtrength by boyling, as Violets, Roſes, Clove-gilly-flowers, Peach-flowers, &c. and they are thus made. Having picked your flowers, to every pound add three pints of water made boyling hot, put them into a Pewter-pot with a cloſe cover, and keep it hot twelve hours. If you would make your ſyrrup very ſtrong, put in more freſh flowers as often as you pleaſe; having ſtrained it out, put the liquor into a Pewter-Baſon, and to every pint add two pound of fine Sugar; put it upon a Chaffin-diſh of Coales, and melt it, ſtirring and ſcumming it till the Sugar be perfectly melted without boyling.

Secondly to make a ſyrrup of the juyce of an hearb, you muſt make choice of ſuch hearbs as are full of juyce; then beat it in a ſtone Morter, preſſe out the juyce, put it over the fire and clarifie it, (that is, ſcum it as long as any ſcum ariſe) then boyle it till a quarter of it be conſumed; to a pint of this add a pound of Sugar, boyling it to a ſyrrup and ſcumming of it. You may know when it is enough if you coole a little in a ſpoon. After this manner you may make ſyrrup of Wormwood ſimple, of Betony, Bugloſſe, Borrage, Chamomell, Carduus, Endive, Succory, Strawberryes, Funtitory, ground Jvy, St. Johns-wort, Mercury, Mouſ-care, Plantane, Purſlane, Apples, Raſpberies, Sage, Scabius, Scordium, Houſleek, Colts-foot, and ſuchlike; and when you have done ſo, and would know what they are good for, ſee the virtue of the Simples.

Thirdly, Syrrups made by decoction, for the moſt part are compounds; though you may make Syrrups of Simples by decoction: the operation is thus; Take of what hearb, root, flower, or ſeed you pleaſe, and bruiſe it a little, if you make a Syrrup of roots, or wherein there are many roots, let the roots macerate in the water twenty four houres; then add the hearbs, and the reſt, and boyle it, till half the water he conſumed, then let it ſtand; and when it is almoſt cold, ſtrain it through an hypoeras-bag without preſſing: to every pint of the decoction, add one pound of Sugar, and boyle it till it comes to the thickneſſe of a Syrrup or new hony. After this manner, the moſt part of the Syrrups following are made, except they be made of flowers or juyces. Take this for an example: Take of common Worm-wood meanly dry, half a pound, red Roſes two ounces, Indian ſpicknard three drachms, old White-wine, and juyce of Quinces, of each two pound and an half, ſteep them a whole day in an Earthen Veſſell, then boyle them gently, ſtrain it, and adding two pound of Sugar, boyle it into a Syrrup according to art.

This Syrup is very good for cold and Flegmatick Stomachs, it helpeth concoction, ſtrengtheneth the Stomach and Liver, provokes an Appetite, breaks wind, and is good againſt the Jaundiſe: the doſe is from one ounce to three.

Syrupus Acetouſus, ſimplex vel compoſitus; Syrup of Vinegar, ſimple or compound.

Theſe Syrups cut Flegme and tough Humors, they coole the body, quench thirſt, and eaſe any ſtuffing in the Stomach, and are good to prepare the body for a Vomit, eſpecially the firſt; if you uſe it ſo, take from one ounce to two or three; in other caſes take it with a Liquoriſh ſtick.

Syrupus de Agno Caſto; Or Syrup of Agnus Caſtus.

I conceive by its compoſition it was intended to prevent immoderate Letchery, and nocturnall pollutions; for without doubt it dryeth and cooleth the naturall ſeed, thereby reſtraining venereall thoughts; for my part I can ſay nothing of it by experience.

Syrupus de althaea; Syrup of Marſh mallows.

This is a fine cooling, opening, ſlippery ſyrup; good againſt the paines of the Stone, Gravell, or Chollick. You may give an ounce or two; it is ſo ſafe and harmleſſe, you cannot err in the giving of it.

Syrupus de Ammoniaco; Syrup of Ammoniacum.

It opens Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen, and cooles the parts, and helps all diſeaſes ariſing from their Obſtructions and heat; as Scabs, Itch, Leproſie and ſuch like. You may take an ounce or more if you ſee occaſion.

Syrupus de Artemiſia; Syrup of Mugwort.

It helps the coldneſſe, wind, paines, and all other diſeaſes of the Womb; it ſtrengthens the Nerves, corrects the blood, opens the pores, and provokes the Termes. You may take an ounce at a time, or from half an ounce to two.

Syrupus de Betonica compoſitus; The compound Syrup of Betony.

It is good againſt diſeaſes in the Head and Stomach proceeding of Cold and Wind, Vertigoes, and Madneſſe; it concocteth Melancholly, and provokes the Termes. The doſe is from half an ounce to two.

Syrupus Bizantius, Simple and compound.

It ſtrengtheneth and freeth the Liver from Obſtructions and diſeaſes thence proceeding, cures the Yellow-Jaundiſe, cuts tough Flegm; and is good againſt the Rickets. Take it with a Liquoriſh ſtick: or from half an ounce to two.

Syrupus Botryos; Syrup of Oake of Jeruſalem.

This Syrup is commended in the Aſthma, and cold diſeaſes of the breaſt, Coughs, and ſhortneſſe of breath. Take it with a Liquoris ſtick.

Syrupus Capillorum Veneris; Syrup of Maidenhaire.

This ſtrengthens the Stomach and Lungs, and helps their infirmities; it alſo cleanſeth the Reins of Gravel; for the firſt, take it with a Liquoris ſtick; for the laſt, give an ounce or two.

Syrupus Cardiacus, a Cordial Syrup.

It comforts the Heart, and revives drooping Spirits; it is good for people in Conſumptions, it is of an opening quality, and expels thoſe Vapours, which offend the Brain. Take it from one ounce to three.

Syrupus infuſionis Caryophillorum, Syrup of Clove Gilly-flowers.

This Syrup is good in any Feaver Peſtilential, or not: it ſtrengtheneth the Heart, Liver, and Stomach, and refreſheth the Vital Parts. The Doſe is from half an ounce, to an ounce and an half. It is ſo harmleſs, you cannot err in the taking of it.

Syrupus de Cinnamomo, Syrup of Cinamon.

It ſtrengtheneth the whole Body, and helpeth Digeſtion, and comforteth the Stomach and Womb, and cheareth the Spirits. Take one ounce in a Cordial.

Syrupus aceto ſitatis Citriorum, Syrup of the Juyce of Citrons.

This Syrup hath a refrigerating, cutting, attenuating, penetrating faculty; it allays Choller, and tempers the heat of the Heart, cools the bloud, and is therefore good againſt Feavers, Peſtilential or not? ſmall Pox, or Meaſils; it reſiſteth Poyſon. The Doſe is from one ounce to four.

Syrupus corticum citriorum, Syrup of Citron Pills.

It is of a moſt grateful ſavour, and moſt pleaſant odour; it ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, Liver, and Heart, amends the heat of them, and reſiſteth Palpitations, Faintings, Swoonings: it ſtrengtheneth the Vitals, is profitable in Conſumptions, and Hectick Foavers. The Doſe is from one ounce to two.

Syrupus è corralliis ſimplex & compoſitus. The Syrup of Corral, ſimple and compound.

It refrigerateth, dryeth, and aſtringeth; it ſtayeth the immoderate Monethly Flux, and the Whites, the Dyſentery, all Fluxes of Bloud: it is good in the Falling Sickneſs; it ſtrengtheneth Nature, profitable for ſuch who have Hectick Feavers, or Conſumptions, The Doſe is from half an ounce to an ounce.

Syrupus Cydoniorum, Syrup of Quinces.

It is the beſt to ſtrengthen the Stomach, and to help the cold diſtemper of the Liver: it helps Concoction, and provokes an appetite: it helps Vomiting, and is good againſt a Flux, if it be without a Feaver. The Doſe is from one ounce to two; take it in the morning. For a Looſeneſs, take an ounce before M at; for Vomiting, an ounce after Meat.

Syrupus de Eryſimo, Syrup of Hedge-Muſtard.

It prevaileth againſt cold afflictions of the Breaſt and Lungs; as Coughs, Aſtmachs, Hoarſneſs, and the like: Uſe it with a Liquoris Stick; or take an ounce, with two or three ounces of ſome Pectoral Decoction in the Morning.

Syrpus de Fumaria, Syrup of Fumitory.

It concocteth Melancholy, and freeth the Bloud of ſuch Humours as cauſe Scabs, Itch, Leproſie, Tetters, Ring-Worms, Cancers, Corns, Warts, &c. It openeth Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen, and is ſoveraign in the Hypochrondriack Melancholy: it cooleth the Liver, and cleanſeth the bloud. The Doſe is from one ounce to three.

Syrupus Glycyrrhiza. Syrup of Liquoris.

It helps Coughs, and is good againſt Plurifies; for it cleanſeth the Breaſt and Lungs. Take it as Syrup of Hedge-Muſtard.

Oxy-Saccharum Simplex, Syrup of Pomegranates with Vinegar.

It is many times uſed in the ſmall Pox and Meaſuls, by reaſon of the Vinegar; it cutteth and attenuateth 〈◊〉 Humours, it reſtraineth Choller, and mitigates its heat. The Doſe is from two ounces to four.

Syrupus de Hyſopo, Syrup of Hyſop.

It hath a notable Faculty of cutting, and expectorating tough Humours out of the Breaſt and Lungs, and to ſtrongthen the parts. It prepareth and expelleth Salt and Phlegmatick Humours in the Urine, which cauſeth heat and pain in thoſe parts. For the firſt, take it with a Liquoris ſtick. For the laſt, the Doſe is from half an ounce, to two ounces.

Syrupus Jvae arthriticae, ſive Chamaepityos. Syrup of Chamepitys, or Ground-Pine.

It is good againſt the Fits of the Mother, procureth Womens Courſes, expelleth the dead Child; let Women with Child forbear it. It is good againſt the Strangury, or ſtoppage of Urine, openeth obſtructions of the Liver and Spſeen. The Doſe is from half an ounce to an ounce.

Syrupus Jujubinus, Syrup of Jujubes.

It halpeth Diſeaſes of the Trachaea Arteria, occaſioned by ſharp and dry Humours, for it is cooling and moiſtening: it helps Hoarſneſs, Coughs, Pluriſies. It is good againſt Ulcers of the Lungs, or Bladder, or any inflammation. Take it with a Liquoris Stick, or take half an ounce, or an ounce, as oft as you pleaſe.

Syrupus de Meconio, vel Diacodium, & de Meconio, compoſitus. Syrup of Meconium, or Diacodium, and of Meconium, compound.

It prevails againſt dry Coughs, Ptiſick, hot and ſharp gnawing Rheums, and provokes ſleep: but beware of giving it to provoke ſleep in the beginning of a Feaver, or the body being coſtive. The Doſe is from half an ounce to two.

Syrupus Meliſſophylli, Syrup of Bawm.

It is cordial, ſtrengtheneth the Heart, Breaſt, and Stomach, chears the Spirits, and reſiſteth Melancholy: it helps them that languiſh, ſtrengtheneth Memory, and is good in Feavers. The Doſe is from half an ounce to two.

Syrupus de Mentha, Syrup of Mint.

This Syrup ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, helpeth Digsſtion, ſtayes Vomiting, and ſowr Belechings. The Doſe is from one ounce to three.

Syrupus de Mucilaginibus, Syrup of Muſilages.

It is a fine Remedy againſt the Ptiſick, Bloudy Flux, Stone in the Reins or Bladder, or Ulcers there, or ſharp corroding Humours there, or in any part of of the body, and is of great virtue for thoſe who have taken Phyſick too ſtrong and corroding. Yake one ounce or two: ſometimes it is lawful to give four or five.

Syrupus Myrtinus, Syrup of Myrtles.

It is of a comforting and aſtringent Nature: it helpeth all Fluxes, and ſpitting of bloud, and ſtrengtheneth the retentive Faculty of the Stomach. An Ounce or two is the Doſe.

Syrupus Florum Nymphae, ſimplex & compoſitus. Syrup of Water Lilly-flowers, ſimple and compound.

It allayeth the heat of Choller, cooleth the Head, Heart, Liver, Reins, Matrix, and allayeth all hot Diſeaſes, and provokes ſleep.

Syrupus de Papavere Erratico, Syrup of Erratick Poppies.

This Syrup cools the bloud, and may be ſafely given, with moderation, in Surfeits, Feavers, Frenzies, and hot Agues. The Doſe is from half an ounce to an ounce.

Syrupus de Piloſella, Syrup of Mouſe-Ear.

It is an aſtringent and hearing Syrup, good for the cure of a Rupture, and neceſſary to be uſed by wounded people. The Doſe is from half an ounce to two.

Syrupus Florum Paeoniae, vel de Paeonia compoſitus: Syrup of Peony Flowers, or the compound Syrup of Peony.

It is good againſt the Falling-Sickneſs, Convulſion, and ſuch like infirmities. The uſual Doſe is an Ounce.

Syrupus de Pomis Alterans, Syrup of Apples.

It cools the Heart and Stomach, helps palpitation, breeds good bloud, profitable in Hectick, and other Feavers, quencheth Thirſt. You may take an Ounce in the Morning.

Syrupus de Praſio, Syrup of Hore-hound.

It cleanſeth the Lungs from thick and putrified Flegm: it is good againſt the Ptiſick, and Cough, in antient people, or ſuch as are of cold Natures. Take it with Liquoris ſtick.

Syrupus de quinque Radicibus, Syrups of the five opening Roots.

It openeth the Obſtructions of the Liver & Spleen, and more eſpecially of the Reins: it is good againſt the Stone, if you mix it with Syrup of Maiden-hair: it is of great vertue, in preparing Phlegmatick and tough Humours, and is profitable in the beginning of Feavers. The Doſe is from one Ounce to four.

Syrupus Raphani, or Syrup of Rhadiſhes.

It breaks the ſtone of the Kidneys, and cleanſeth the part, it provokes Urine and Womens Purgations, and is profitable againſt the ſtone in the Bladder. The Doſe is from one Ounce to three.

Syrupas Regius, vel Julepium Alexandrinum: Julep of Alexandrina.

It is profitable in Summer time for ſuch bodies, which abound with Chollers; for it allayeth the heat, and evacuateth it, and is convenient to prepare it againſt Purging. The Doſe is from two Ounces, to five.

Syrupus de Roſis ſiccis, Or Syrup of Dryed Roſes.

It ſtrengtheneth and comforteth the Heart and Vital Spirits helps Fluxes and Corroſions, and gnawing in the Guts; ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, and ſtayes Vomiting. Take it as Syrup of Quinces.

Syrupus Scabioſae, Syrup of Scabius.

It freeth the Breaſt and Lungs of Phlegm and Crudities; it eaſeth Stirches in the ſides, and is good againſt inward Impoſthumes. The Doſe is from one Ounce to three.

Syrupus de Scolopendria, Syrup of Harts-Tongue.

It opens the Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen, prepares Melancholy, and is good againſt the Quartan Ague, and the Rickets. The Doſe is from half an Ounce to two Ounces.

Syrupus de Staechade, Syrup of Staethas.

It ſtrengtheneth the Brain, and corrects the cold diſtemper thereof: it is of excellent virtue in the Palſie, Convulſion, &c. coming of cold Cauſes. The Doſe is from one ounce to three.

Syrupus de Symphyto, Syrup of Comphry.

It helps ſpitting of Bloud, the Ulcer of the Reins, ſtops the immoderate Flux of the Menſtrues, all inward Wounds and Bruiſes, and healeth the Rupture. From one ounce to four is the Doſe.

Syrupus Violarum, Syrup of Violets.

It cools and moiſteneth; it corrects the ſharpneſſe of Choller, quencheth Thirſt in hot Feavers, and cooleth the Heart and Liver, comforts hot Stomachs, reſiſteth putrefaction, the Peſtilence and Poyſon. The Doſe is from one ounce to four.

Syrupus de Portulaca, Syrup of Purflane.

It is cooling and good for all hot Diſeaſes of the Stomach, Liver, Reins, and Bladder: it cooles the Bloud, quencheth Thirſt, provokes ſleep, and thickens thin Humours. The Doſe is from one Ounce to three.

Syrupus Tuſſilaginis compoſitus, The Compound of Syrup Coltsfoor.

It holps the infirmities and weakneſs of the Lungs; as difficulty of breathing, want of Voice, Hoarſneſſe, Coughs, Catarrhs, &c. Take it with a Liquoris Stick, or an Ounce or two thereof, in ſome Pectoral Decoction.

Syrupus de Eupatorio, Syrup of Eupatorium.

It hath an opening Faculty, but purgeth not; it opens the Obſtructions of the Liver, and correcteth the cold Diſtemper thereof, helps the Dropſie, and evil ſtate of the Body, provokes Urine, and is good againſt the Hypochondriack Melancholy. The Doſe is from one Ounce to three.

Purging Syrups.
Syrupus de Cichorio cum Rhabarbaro, Syrup of Succory, with Rhubarb.

It purgeth the body of Cholerick and venemous Humours, it cleanſeth the Liver, it evacuatech by ſtool and urine. The Doſe is from one Ounce to two.

Syrupus de Epithymo; Or, Syrup of Epithymum.

It prepareth and purgeth Melancholy, or adult Humours, and Scabs, Itch, &c. It ſtrengtheneth the ſtomach, and Liver. Take it as Syrup of Fumitory.

Syrupus è Floribus Perſicorum, Syrup of Peach Flowers.

It gently purgeth Choller, and may be given in Feavers, to evacuate the ſharp and Cholerick Humours. It is good againſt Wounds in Children. Take from half an Ounce to two.

Syrupus de Pomis, Purgans & Magiſtralis, Syrup of Apples, Purging and Magiſtcal.

Both of them purge, cool, and rectifie the Diſtempers of the bloud, and free it from Choler and Melancholy; it is good againſt the yellow and black Jaundiſe, Madneſs, Scurf, Scabs, and Itch, The Doſe is from one Ounce to three.

Syrupus de Rhabarbaro, Syrup of Rhubarb.

This is a gentle Purge, fitting for Children, ancient People, and ſuch as are very weak: it purgeth Choller and Melancholy. An Ounce a weak body may take.

Syrupus Roſaceus Solativus, & è Succo roſarum, Syrup of Roſes Sclutive, and of the Juyce of Roſes.

It looſeneth the Belly, and gently bringeth out Choller and Flegm. The Doſe is from two Ounces to five.

Syrupus Roſaceus Solutivus cum Agarico; Syrup of Roſes Solutive, with Agarick.

It purgeth Flegm more powerfully then the former, frees the head thereof, and relieves the Senſes oppreſſed by it: it purgeth the Stomach and Liver, provokes Urine and the Terms. The Doſe is from an Ounce to two.

Syrupus Roſaceus ſolutivus cum Helleboro: Syrup of Roſes ſolutive, with Hellebore.

It purgeth Melancholy, and reſiſteth Madneſſe. The Doſe is from half an Ounce to an Ounce.

Syrupus Roſaceus ſolutivus cum Sena: Syrup of Roſes ſolutive with Senna.

It purgeth Choller and Melancholy, and leaves a binding quality behind it. The Doſe is from one ounce to two.

Syrupus de Spina Cervina, Syrup of Purging Thorns.

It is good againſt the Dropſie. The Doſe is an ounce.

Syrups made with Vinegar and Honey.
Mel Authoſatum, Honey of Roſemary Flowers.

IT is good againſt all infirmities of the Head, ariſing from a cold and moiſt cauſe: it dryes the Brain, quickens the Senſes and Memory, and ſtrengtheneth the Nervous parts: it helps all cold Diſeaſes of the Head, Stomach, Liver, and Belly. It is good againſt the Dumb Palſie, Lethargy, &c. and all cold Rhumes falling into the Eyes. See the virtues of Roſemary Flowers. The Doſe is from half an Ounce to an Ounce.

Mell Helleboratum, Honey Helleborated.

It purgeth Melancholy, and Scabs, Itch, &c. it is good againſt the Quartan Ague, Madneſs, the Dropſie, Sciatica, Gout, Cramp, &c. An Ounce is the Doſe. Be careful in the taking of ſuch Medicnes, without good adviſe.

Mel Mercuriale, Honey of Mercury.

It is good in Emollient Cliſters.

Mel Nuceum, Honey of Nuts.

It is a very good Med cine for ſuch as have weak Stomachs and Defluxions: it is a great preſervative againſt the Plague. Take an Ounce in the Morning.

Mel Paſſulatum, Honey of Raiſins.

It maketh the body ſoluble, comforteth weak ſtomachs, and is a very nouriſhing thing for people in Conſumptions. You cannot err in taking of it.

Mel Mororum, Honey of Mulberries.

It is very good for ſore Mouthes and Throats, and for heat and inflammation there, mixed with a little Plantane Water: it is good for ſore mouthes in children.

Mel Roſatum ſoliatum, ſive colatum; Common Honey of Roſes or ſtrained.

They are both uſed for Diſeaſes of the Mouth, as the former.

Mel Roſatum ſolutivum; Honey of Roſes ſolutive.

It is uſed to cleanſe Wounds, and is a good Laxative in Cliſters.

Mel Scilliticum, Honey of Squils.

It is very effectual againſt divers diſtempers of the Head, viz. Falling Sickneſs, Head-ache, Diſſineſſe: it drives away an old Cough, cleanſeth the Breaſt and Bowels very gently; and ſome ſay, it leaveth nothing offenſive in the body. The Doſe is half an Ounce, to an Ounce and an half.

Oxymel ſimplex, Simple Oxymel.

It is good to cut and attenuate Humours, and to open Obſtructions, provokes gentle Vomiting in ſome: It is good to expectorate, and to prepare tough Flegm againſt the taking of a Vomit. Take it from one ounce to two.

Oxymel Compoſitus, Oxymel compound.

Uſe this, if you find the former too weak to expectorate viſcuous Humors; it is good alſo in the Aſthma, ſtoppage of the Pipes, and in the Pluriſie. The Doſe is from half an Ounce to two.

Oxymel Helleboratum, Oxymel Helleborated.

It ſtrongly evacuateth Flegm, Melancholy, and tough and viſcuous Humours. The Doſe is from half an Ounce to an Ounce, for ſtrong people onely.

Oxymel Julianizans.

It is good againſt the Hypocondriack Melancholy, and the Rickets; for it is a fine opening Medicine. Take an Ounce, two, or three.

Oxymel Scilliticum ſimplex, the ſimple Oxymel of Squils.

It cuts and divides tough and viſcuous Humours, frees the Stomach and Bowels of ſuch humours, and helps ſour Belchings. The Doſe is an Ounce for a man.

Oxymel Scilliticum compoſitum, the compound Oxymel of Squils.

This is uſed when eaſier Medicines cannot expectorate. It is good againſt the Falling ſickneſs, Megrim, Vertigo, ſwimming, and pain in the head, and cleanſeth the Stomach, Lungs, and Women after their lying in. The Doſe is from half an Ounce to an Ounce.

To theſe I add theſe following Syrups of Quercetanus, which I have ſometimes quoted in the former Book; whoſe manner of preparation (if rightly underſtood) and virtues, excelleth moſt extant.

Syrupus de Peto, ſimplex & compoſitus; Syrup of Tobacco, ſimple and compound.

Take of the Juyce of Tobacco four pound, Simple Hydromel one pound, Simple Oxymel four Ounces: put them into a Glaſs Veſſel of a fit bigneſs, that one 4th part be full. Let them digeſt in Balneo Mariae, for the ſpaco of 2 or 3 days, till the thickeſt fall to the bottome: then pour of the cleareſt and pureſt of the Juyce, and digeſt it again as before, till no impurity remain therein: then put to it of white Sugar two pound, and boyl it to a Syrup.

The compound Syrup is thus made: Take of the Juyce ſo digeſted as before, two pound and an half; Simple Hydromel, one pound: In which macerate, for the ſpace of 2 or 3 days, theſe Simples following, Hyſop, Maidenhair, and Wall-Rue, of each half a handful; the flowers of Colts foot, Staechas, Violets, and Bugloſs, of each two Pugils; the ſeeds of Cudweed, Nettles, Carduus Benedictus, of each one Ounce: the Leaves of Sena, three Ounces; Agarick trochiſcated, one Ounce; Cinamon, Mace and Cloves, of each one drachm: then preſs it out ſtrongly, and let it be digeſtod, to ſeparate the pure from the impure; add its equal weight in Sugar, and boyl it to a Syrup. This Syrup rightly made, is of excellent uſe, and its violent, acrimonious, and venemous quality is taken away; yet it powerfully provokes Vomiting, and is excellent againſt Aſthma's, and all Diſeaſes of the Lungs, proceeding from cold and groſs Humours; as old Coughs, and difficulty of breathing. The Doſe is from one Ounce to two.

His Syrup of Cinamon prepared, with the Spirit of Wine, is thus made: Take of Cinamon 2 or three Ounces, or more if you pleaſe: groſly bruiſe it, and put it into a Glaſs Veſſel, pouring upon it the Spirit of Wine, as much as may cover it 3 or 4 fingers, cover it cloſe, and let it ſtand in a cool place, till the Spirit of Wine hath drawn the Virtue and Tincture of the Cinamon: then pour it off clear. To every 8 Ounces of the Liquor, add 3 or 4 Ounces of white Sugar finely poudered: then put it over a fire, and diſſolve the Sugar: then ſet the Spirit of Wine on fire, with a lighted paper, ſtirring it with a large Spatula and all the Spirits of Wine will fly away, and the Syrup remain. Or if you pleaſe, a little before the ſpirit is conſumed, put it out by covering it cloſe with a ſilver Baſon, that the Air come not at it: by this means the Syrup will be the better. This Syrup is of a grateful reliſh, and a Medicine inferiour to none, in Diſeaſes of the Heart; as Palpitations, Swoonings, &c. againſt Weakneſſe, Crudities, Windineſſe of the Stomach. The Doſe is half a Cochleary.

His Syrup of Ground-Ivie is thus made: Take of the Juyce of Ground-Ivie, or Alle-hoof, two pound and an half: digeſt and purifie it in Balneo Mariae, as you are taught before; the Juyce being perfectly cleanſed, add to it of Sugar one pound; of Penids, 4 Ounces; and boyl it into a Syrup. It is a very ſoveraign Medicine for the Priſick, Ulcer in the Lungs, and for a Conſumption, cauſed by any defect in that part.

CHAP. III. Of Decoctions and Juyces.

DEcoctions are made of Roots, Leaves, Flowers, Seeds, Fruits, or Barks, conducing to the Cure of any Diſeaſe. Decoctions principally aim at ſuch Diſeaſes as lye in the paſſages; as the Stomach, Bowels, Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder. If they be made of White Wine, they will laſt the longer, and are more penetrating, then if they be made of Water. If you make your Decoction with Roots, Leaves, Flowers, &c. Boil the Roots firſt, as I told you in boyling of Compound Liquors. Such things as make the decoction ſlimy, you may tye up in a Rag. You may ſweeten it with Sugar, Honey, Sugar-Candy, or Syrups ſutable to the Diſtemper aimed at: and to make it keep the longer, ſtop it up cloſe in a Glaſs, or Stone-Bottle, and keep it in a cool place.

Decoctum Epithymi: Or, a Decoction of Epithymum.

Take of common Myrabolans, Chebula, and Indica, of each half an Ounce: Staechas, Raiſins of the Sun ſtoned, Epithimum and Sena, of each one Ounce; Fumitory half an Ounce, Maudlin five drachms, Polypodium fixe drachms, Turbith half an Ounce, Whey made of the milk of a Geat, or Heifer, four pound. Let them all boyl, (the Epithymum excepted) to two pound; the Epithymum muſt boyle but a walm or two, then take it from the fire, and add black Hellebore one drachm and an half; Agarick half a drachm: Salgemone, a drachin and an half, ſteep them ten hours, and ſtraine it out.

It purgeth Melancholly, and aduſt choller, and is a ſoveraign remedy againſt all diſeaſes cauſed by Melancholly. The doſe is four ounces.

Decoctum Sennae; The Detoction of Senna.

This alſo purgeth melancholly, and is good for weak people, and the doſe is the ſame with the former: for the moſt part other purging medicines are mixed with it, and in ſo doing, you may purge any humor.

Decoctum pectorale; A pectorall Decoction.

This is good againſt a Cough, Aſthma, Hoarſeneſſe, it cleareth the voice, and is good againſt all diſeaſes of the Lungs. The doſe is the ſame.

Decoctum commune pro Clyſtere; A common decoction for a Clyſter, and a carminative Decoction.

Theſe both ſerve for Clyſters: to them you may add Oyles, Syrups, purging Electuaries, as neceſſity requireth.

Lac virgineum: It was invented for proud Ladyes and Wenches to cleare their faces of Sun-burning, Freckles, Pimples, and ſuch like deformityes.

To preſerve the juyce of any hearb or fruit, take theſe few rules; Firſt gather the hearb when it is very dry, then beat it, and preſſe out the juyce. Secondly, you muſt clarifie It over the fire, till no more ſcum will ariſe. Thirdly, boyle it to the thickneſſe of hony, and (when it is cold) put it up into a pot or glaſſe for your uſe. This is called Rob or Sapa, when you find the word Rob or Sapa ſimply, without any relation of what it ſhould be made, know it is the juyce of the white grape. I ſhall inſert none of them, nor their virtues, but refer them to the virtue of the ſimple, out of which Rob, Sapa, or juyce, is extracted.

CHAP. IV. Of Lohochs.

LOhoch is an Arabick word, the Greeks call it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Eclegma; the Latines Linctas, viz: a thing to be licked. It is thicker then a ſyrup, and not ſo thick as an Electuary. Its uſed generally againſt diſeaſes in the breaſt and Lungs: and the manner of taking of it, is with a Liquoris ſtick. The manner of making it, is thus; Take of any pectorall hearbs, or ingredients, make a decoction, then add twice its weight of Hony or Sugar, and boyle it to a Lohoch. Some are made of the pulp of fruits, roots, and ſeeds; if there be gums in them they muſt be diſſolved. If you would know the manner of making each of them particularly, you muſt peruſe the London diſpenſatory.

Lohoch de farfara. The Lohoch of Coltsfoot.

Take of Colts-foot roots cleanſed, eight ounces, Marſh-Mallow roots four ounces, boyl them in a ſufficient quantity of water, and preſſe the pulp through a ſieve, diſſolve it again in the decoction; and let it boyle once or twice, then take it from the fire, and add two pound of white Sugar, Honey of Raiſons fourteen ounces, juyce of Liquoris two drachms and an half, ſtir them well with a wooden peſtle, ſprinkling in of Saffron and Cloves in Powder, of each one ſcruple; Cinnamon and Maſe, of each two ſcruples, make them into a Lohoch according to Art. It is good for a Cough ond roughneſſe of the Wind-pipe.

Lohoch de papavere; Lohoch of Poppys.

It is good againſt ſalt humors, and ſharp diſtillations upon the Lungs: it it very good in Feavers, accompanied with want of ſleep; it is of great uſe in a Pleuriſie; and allayes the ſharpneſſe of the humors, which cauſe roughneſſe of the throat.

Lohoch è paſſulis; A Lohoch of Raiſins.

This is a fine medicine for Children, and is good not only againſt Coughs and Conſumptions of the Lungs; but alſo againſt Convulſions and falling ſickneſſe.

Lohoch è pino; A Lohoch of Pine-nuts.

It ſuccours ſuch as are Aſthmatick, helps continuall Coughs, and difficulty of breathing: it cuts and attenuates tough humors in the breſt.

Lohoch è portulaca; A Lohoch of Purſlane:

It is good againſt inward bruiſes or wounds in the Lungs or thoſe parts; for ſuch as ſpit blood: it is very binding.

Lohoch è pulmone vulpis; A Lohoch of Fox-Lungs.

It is very good in Phthiſicks, cleanſeth and healeth Ulcers in the Lungs.

Lohock Sanum & Expertum, a ſound and well experienced Lohoch.

It is good in cold Diſtempers of the Breaſt and Lungs, and attenuates thick and groſs Humours there: No better Romedy for thoſe who have loſt their Tongues by Cold.

Lohoc Scilliticum. a Lohoch of Squils.

It hath the ſame virtue with Oxymel of Squils, but more gentle; it helps Aſthmas, and difficulty of Breathing; it carryes away all offenſive Humours from the Breaſt and Lungs, and thereby furthers Digeſtion.

Lohoch Caulium, a Lohoch of Coleworts.

It opens Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen, and is thought to be good againſt the Rickets: it cuts, attenuares, and concocts the thick and viſcuous Humours in the Breaſt, Stomach, and Bowels of Children.

To theſe I add one of Quercetans Lohochs: Take of the Roots of Marſhmallows well cleanſed half a pound, or as much as you pleaſe: boil it till it be tender in common Hydromel; then beat it well, and rub it through a Sieve; of which take two Ounces of the Species Diarragacanthi, and Diaireos, of each three drachms: of white Sugar, and Penies, of each half an ounce: Flos Sulphuris rightly prepared, two drachms Syrup of Maidenhair, and Coltsfoot, of each as much as ſufficeth; bring it into the form of a Lohoch, and take it with a Liquoris Stick.

It is an excellent Remedy (ſaith he) againſt all inveterate Coughs, whether they have their Original from a hot or cold cauſe: againſt the Aſthma, Ptyſick, ſtoppage of the Pipes, and all other Diſeaſes of the Lungs; it maturates the Pluriſie, and cauſes it to be ſpit up.

CHAP. V. Preſerves, Conſerves, Sugars, and Lozenges.

Preſerves are made of Roots, Barks, Fruits, and Flowers: And firſt of Roots; Take of what Root you pleaſe, ſcrape it very clean, and if there be any Pith therein take it out; boil them in Spring Water (or in Roſe-Water, if you can afford it) till they be ſoft: then take them out, and to a pint of the Liquor add a pound of white Sugar, boil it to the thickneſs of a Syrup: then put in the Root, and let it boil a little, then put it into a glaſs, or a glaſſed pot, and keep it for your uſe. So you may preſerve the Roots of Angelica, Acorus, Burrage, Bugloſs, Succory, Elecampane, Eringo, Ginger, Burnel, Satyrion, Comphry, Zedoary, the ſtalks of Artichokes, Angelica, Burs, Lettice, &c. before they be quite ripe; making this difference, that whereas before you took out the Pith of the Roots, you muſt of theſe make uſe of none but the Pith.

In like manner you may preſerve Barks; as Citron Pills, the Pills of Lemons and Or anges, and the green Rind of Walnuts, viz. Take of the exterior, or outmoſt yellow skin; then boyl it as before, till it be tender, make a Syrup, and preſerve it.

You may preſerve Fruits as you did the former, viz. Pare and quarter them, and take out the Oore; boil them till they be tender, and do as you are before taught.

Another way is this: Pate, quarter, and take out the Core of ſome; of others pull off the outward skin, and pull out the ſtones: take their weight in Sugar and diſſolve it, put in the fruits and let them boyl a little. Thus may you preſerve Apples, Peares, Quinces, Apricocks, Plums, Peaches, Citrons, Myrabolans, Nutmegs, Grapes, Barberryes, Cherryes, Cornells, &c. or of any of theſe fruits you may preſerve the pulp, by boyling them till they be tender, then pulp them through a Sieve: boyle the pulp gently till the water be conſumed, then add its equall weight in Sugar, and boyle it to its due thickneſſe. Though flowers are ſeldom, yet they may be preſerved thus: Take a glaſſe, broad both at the top and bottome, firſt cover the bottome of the glaſſe with fine Sugar; then cover the Sugar with the flowers you would preſerve, lay them even and ſmooth, then cover them with Sugar, and that againe with flowers, till your glaſſe be ſull; Tye a Paper over the top, and you will have a pleaſant preſerve.

The virtue of Preſerves you may eaſily gather, if you conſider the nature of the root, ſtalk, fruit, bark or flower preſerved; they are of great uſe in phyſick, and many times welcome to ſick people; but are moſt commonly uſed at banquets,

Conſerves.

Conſerves are made either of hearbs or flowers: if you make your conſerve of herbs, you muſt take only the tender tops and leaves; and beat them in a ſtone Morter, when they are beaten pretty ſmall, add to them their treble weight in Sugar, beat them very well, you cannot beat them too much till (if you eate it) it feels not rough in your mouth: then put it into earthen pots well glazed, and keep it for your uſe.

Conſerves of flowers are done in the ſame manner, only remember to do them whilſt they are freſh, pick them clean, and cur off the whites.

I ſhall ſay no more of Conſerves, but leave the virtue and uſe of them to the ingenious.

Lozenges.
Diacodium Solidum, ſive Tabulatum.

Take of white Poppy heads meanly ripe, and newly gathered, in number twenty, ſteep them in three pints of warm Spring-water, the next day boyle them till the virtue is our, then ſtrain out the Liquor, and with a ſufficient quantity of good Sugar, boyle it according to art, that you may make it into Lozenges. They are good againſt thin humors diſtilling from the head upon the Lungs, Stomach and Throat: they provoke ſleep, and coole the body in Feavers.

Saccharum Tabulatum ſimplex & periatum.

Lozenges of Sugar ſimple and pearled, commonly called manus Chriſti.

It is cooling and very Cordiall, and therefore is good in Feavers, and for weak people, who are ſubject to Hectick Feavets and Conſumptions.

Saccharum Tabulatum Compoſitum. Lozenges of Sugar compound.

Is is very good for cold Stomachs, and it frees the Stomach of Choller and Flegm; and is good againſt Wormes.

Saccharum Penidium, Sugar Penies.

For the moſt part they are uſed in other Compoſitions, of themſelves they are good againſt Coughs.

Saccharum Roſatum, Sugar of Roſes.

They ſtrengthen weak Stomachs, eaſeth pains in the Head, reſtoreth loft ſtrength, they cheriſh a weak Brain, and comfort drooping Spirits; ſtay vomiting and piſſing of bloud; they are convenient for people in Conſumptions, to carry them in their pockets, and now and then cat a bit of them: In like manner are all the reſt to be taken.

CHAP. VI. Of Troches.

THey are alſo called Placentule, or little Cakes; they were invented principally to keep Pouders from loſing their virtue, by the intromiſſion of the air, which this Form doth reſiſt, and keep it pure the longer. Beſides, they are convenient for a man to carry about him when he travelleth; their form, for the moſt part, is little, round, and flat. The general way of making them is thus: Take what quantity of Gum Tragacanth you pleaſe, the like quantity of Roſewater, or any other fuitable to the Diſtemper you aim at; put it in a Galley pot, and cover it, in ſix or ſeven hours the Gum will be turned into Muſilage, with which you may make any fine Powder into Paſte; with the Paſte you may make Troches, or little Cakes, and print what you pleaſe upon them. Then dry them in the ſhaddow, and keep them for your uſe.

Trochiſci de abſynthio, Troches of Wormwood are thus made.

Take of the Leaves of Red-Roſes, Wormwood, and Annis-ſeeds, of each two drachms; Juyce of Maudlin made thick, the Roots of Aſarabacca, Rhubarb, Spicknard, Smallage ſeeds, Bitter Almonds, Maſtich, Mace, of each one drachm; Juyce of Succory, as much as is ſufficient to make Troches. They ſtrengthen the Stomach, and provoketh an appetite, open Obſtructions of the Liver and Bowels, and carry away Watry and Chollerick Humours. The frequent uſe of theſe Troches will be beneficial to ſuch as are inclinable to the Jaundiſe or Dropſie. The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm and an half.

Agaricus Trochiſcatus, Agarick Trochiſcated.

They purge Phlegm and Choller mixed, and free the Head and Brain thereof; purge groſs and viſcous Humours from the Stomach. They are ſeldome or never uſed alone, therefore I forbear the Doſe.

Trochiſci Albi, the white Troches.

They are cooling and drying and of great virtue, if a drachm of them be finely poudered, and mixed with an Injection for the Yard ulcerated.

Trochiſci Alexiterii, Troches againſt Poyſon.

They are good againſt all Peſtilential and Epidemical Diſeaſes, and a good Preſervative in Peſtilential Times; and they ſtrengthen the Heart. Take a little now and then.

Trochiſci Alhandal.

It powerfully purgeth groſs Humours from the exterior parts; it is good in the Palſie, ſleepy Diſeaſe, Apoplexie, and Convulſion, coming from a cold cauſe. The Doſe is from two grains to four. It is violent, and beſt mixed with other milder Medicines, or given in a Cliſter.

Trochiſci Aliptae Moſchatae.

They are commended for Children that cannot ſwallow their Milk well. The Doſe is from two grains to ſix, given in Breaſt-milk. Others ſay it is very good for Barren Women, taken inwardly and outwardly, mixed with a Plaiſter for the Womb. It is very dear, and good for Ladies.

Trochiſci Alchelengi, Troches of Winter Cherries.

They are a good Medicine to allay the heat of Urine, and give eaſe in Ulcers of the Reins, Bladder, and paſſage of the Urine, and is good againſt the Stone. The Doſe is from half a drachm to two drachms.

Trochiſci Bechici, Albi & Nigri, Pectoral Rouls, white and black.

They are very good for a Cough and Hoarſneſs, The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Trochiſci de Berberis, Troches of Barberies.

They are very good in any Flux, cooling in Feavers, and allay unnatural heat in any part. The Doſe is from half a drachm to two.

Trochiſci de Camphora, Troches of Camphire.

They are good in Burning Feavers, againſt the heat of Bloud and Choller, and againſt the hot diſtemper of the Stomach and Liver, or any other part, againſt the Jaundice, Hectick Feavers, &c. The beſt way is to take a little often.

Trochiſci de Capparibus, Troches of Capers.

They are very profitable againſt ſchirrhous Tumors in the Spleen, and openeth Obſtructions of the Liver, and are good againſt the Hypochondriack Melancholy. The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Trochiſci de Carabe; Or, Troches of Amber.

They are good to ſtop fluxes of bloud in any part of body. The Doſe is from one ſcruple to four.

Trochiſci Cypheos.

It is uſed in Treacle and Methridate: It is good againſt Ulcers in the Lungs, and other parts of the body.

Trochiſci de Eupaterio, Troches of Maudlin.

Theſe Troches are good againſt the Jaundice, and the Dropſie, and is good in any Tumor in the Liver or Splean.

Trochiſci Galliae Moſchatae.

They ſtrengthen the Womb, the Brain, Heart, Animal and Vital Spirit.

Trochiſci Gordonii.

They are good againſt any inward Ulcers, or Ulcers of the Yard, and to cool the body in Feavers. Take half a drachm with Syrup of Marſhmallows.

Trochiſci Hedichroi.

They ſtrengthen the Heart and Brain, they are of a heating quality; therefore good for ſuch as have cold Stomachs: they are ſeldome uſed alone.

Trochiſci Hyſterici, Troches againſt the Mother.

They ſerve principally againſt Fits of the Mother, expels the Birth, and After-Birth, cleanſeth a Woman after her Labour. The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Trochiſci de Ligni Aloes, Troches of Wood of Aloes.

It chears the Heart and Vital Spirits; it is good againſt Heart-qualms and Faintings, and againſt the Dropſie, and is a pretty Medicine for a Stinking-breath. The Doſe is half a drachm.

Trochiſci è Myrrha, Troches of Myrrh.

They powerfully provoke the dead Child after Birth, and Womens Monethly Purgations. The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Trochiſci de Plumbo, Troches of Lead.

It is good to cure Ulcers in the Eyes.

Trochiſci Polyidae,

It is good in green Wounds and Ulcers.

Trochiſcide Rhabarbare, Troches of Rhubarb.

They have a cutting, attenuating, ſtrengthening, and Choller-purging quality, by Urine and otherwiſe: they are profitably uſed in the Dropſie, Jaundice, and inveterate Obſtructions following a Feaver. Take from half a drachm, to a drachm and an half.

Trochiſci de Santalis, & Spodio, Troches of Sanders and Spodium.

Both thoſe are cooling and binding, allay the heat in Feavers, quench Thirſt, ſtop a Flux, and ſtrengtheneth the retentive Faculty. The Doſe is half a drachm.

Trochiſci de Scilla ad Theriacam, Troches of Squils for Treacle.

They ſerve principally for other Compoſitions; as for Venice Treacle. For their particular virtue, ſee the nature of Squils.

Trochiſci de terra Lemnia, Troches of Earth of Lemnos.

It is very good to ſtanch bleeding at Noſe, or any Flux of Bloud in any part of the body. Half a drachm is a ſufficient Doſe.

Sief de Thure, Sief of Frankincenſe.

It dryes up Rheum in the Eyes.

Trochiſci de Violis Solutivi, Troches of Violets Solutive.

They purge Water, tough Flegm and Choller; they are violent, take but half a drachm, and that with good advice, that it may be mixed with ſome proper Corrigents.

Trochiſci de Agno Caſto, Troches of Agnus Caſtus.

See the virtues of the Syrup of Agnus Caſtus.

Trochiſci de Anniſo, Troches of Annis-ſeeds.

They open the Obſtructions of the Liver, and help all infirmities thereof. It is good in Quartan Agues. The Doſe is from a drachm to two.

Trochiſci Diarhadon.

They are good againſt Feavers coming of Flegm, all Quoridian Feavers and Agues, eaſeth pains in the belly, and cleanſeth the bowels. The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Trochiſci de Lacca, Troches of Lacca.

It opens Obſtructions of the Liver, and helps Feavers ariſing from that cauſe, purgeth by Urine, and is good in Aſcites, or any Dropſie. Take from half a drachm to a drachm.

Paſtilli Adronius, & Muſae.

They heal Wounds, and cleanſe Ulcers, Fiſtulas, and ſuch like. It cleanſeth the Ears that are mattery, repreſſeth excreſſency of fleſh, and cleanſeth the filth of the bones. It is good againſt the inflammation of the Fundament, and Chollerick eating Puſtules.

Croco Magma of Damocrates.

It ſtrengthens the Stomach, warms the Heart, and is expulſive.

Trochiſci Ramich.

They ſtrengthen the Stomach, Heart, Liver, and other parts, gives eaſe in the Chollick, and helps Pluxes of Bloud; and cleanſeth the body of ſalt, ſharp, and chollerick Humours. You cannot err in taking of it.

Trochiſci de Roſis, Troches of Roſes.

They ſtrengthen the digeſtive faculty of the Stomach, and eaſeth pains there; they are good againſt the Hectick Feaver, and the beginning of a Dropſie; it reſtores Colour loſt. Take it at any time.

Trochiſci Diacorrallion.

They ſtop the immoderate Flux of the Terms, and other Fluxes of Bloud: Take half a drachm, take them with care and diſcretion. Trochiſci Kaemoptoici, is like it in operation: And Trochiſci Diaſpermation helps the Pleuriſie, eaſes pain, and differs little from the former.

CHAP. VII. Of Pills.

THE Greeks call them 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , the Latines, Pilulae, or little Bails; we commonly call them Pills: they were invented to purge the Head principally; as alſo, the remote parts of the Body, which they beſt perform, by reaſon they are long digeſting, and better able to draw the peccant Humours to them. P lls are made of any Powder, with Syrups, Sapa, or Jellies, by the help of a Morter and Peſtle; As for Example,

Pilulae de Agarico; Or, Pils of Agarick.

Take of Agarick three drachms, Blew Orris Roots, Maſtich, and Hore-hound, of each one drachm; Turbith five drachms, Hiera-Piera half an ounce, Colocynths, Sarcocol, of each two drachms; Myrrh, one drachm; Sapa, as much as is ſufficient to make it into a Maſs for Pils. It purgeth Choller and Flegm from the Head, Breaſt, and Lungs. The Doſe is from two ſcruples to a drachm in the Morning.

Pilulae Aggregativae.

It purgeth Flegm, Choller, and Melancholy Humours: it helps Diſeaſes of the Stomach and Liver, and is good againſt Quotidian Agues. The Doſe is from half a drachm to four ſcruples; take it in the Morning.

Pilulae Alaphanginae.

They cleanſe the Stomach, Brain, and the Senſitive Organs, from groſs and putrid Humours, which hindereth the exerciſe of their Functions: It ſtrengthens alſo and helps the Concoction of the Stomach. The Doſe is from a drachm to four.

Pilulae de Aloe Roſata.

It purgeth Choller, and frees the Stomach of ſuch Humours, opens Obſtructions cauſed thereby, as the Yellow Jaundiſe, and is good againſt Worms, &c. The Doſe is from a ſcruple to a drachm: take them at night going to bed.

Pilulae de Aloe Lota.

It purgeth the Brain, Stomach, and Bowels of putrid Humours, and ſtrengtheneth them: Take them as the former.

Pilulae Aurea.

It is good in Opthalmia, or inflammation of the Eyes, helps the Megrim coming from a cold cauſe, and frees the Bowels of Wind. The Doſe is from two ſcruples to four.

Pilulae Cochiae, the greater.

It purgeth the Head of flegmatick humours, and is good againſt the inveterate Head-ache, Megrim, Palſie, Falling Sickneſs, &c. The Doſe is from two ſcruples to four.

Pilulae Cochiae, the leſs.

Take it not alone.

Pilulae ex duobus; Or, Pills of two things.

They purge Choller and Flegme; but with ſuch violence, that it ought not to be given alone.

Pilulae de Eupatorio, Pills of Eupatorium.

It purgeth Choller gently, and are good in Tertian Agues, Yellow Jaundiſe, Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen. The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm, taken at night.

Pilulae Faetidae, Stinking Pills.

It purgeth groſs, tough, Melancholly, and flegmatick humours, from the remoteſt parts of the body. It is good againſt the Gout, and cold afflictions of the Joynts, Leproſies, and Diſeaſes of the Skin. The Doſe is from half a drachm to four ſcruples.

Pilulae de Hermodactyls;

Pills of Hermodaetils are of the ſame nature with the former. The doſe is from one drachm to two.

Pill. de Hiera cum Agarico, Pills of Hiera with Agarick.

Some will have this Pill an Univerſal Medicine: It purgeth Choller, Flegm, and Melancholly: it opens obſtruction of the Liver and Spleen, is good againſt the Jaundiſe, the Dropſie, and Scurvey; againſt Vertigoes and Dizzineſs of the Head, provoke the Terms, eaſe the Mother-Fits, and ſtrengthen the Womb, help ſhortneſs of breath: all which I have ſound by Experience. Authors ſay, it reſiſts Epidemical Diſeaſes, and poyſons; helps the Gout, and cures all ſorts of Agues. The doſe is from one ſcruple to four.

Pilulae Imperiales, Imperial Pills.

Strengthen the Stomach, Liver, Bowels, and Natural Spirit, and purge mixt Humours. The doſe is from a ſcruple to a drachm; take them at night.

Pilulae de Lapide Lazuli; Or, Pills of Lapis Lazul.

It purgeth Melancholly, and Aduſt Choller; it works violently. The doſe is from two ſcruples to a drachm.

Pilulae Macri.

They ſtrengthen the Stomach, Brain, and the Nerves, and purge the Humours that afflict them, and hinder the motion of the body: they open Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen, and are good for people who have been hurt by Falls and Bruiſes. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm. Take them at night, and continue taking them a week together.

Pilulae Mastichinae; Maſtick Pills.

They ſtrengthen and purge the Stomach, Brain, Belly, and Reins. Take them as the former.

Pilulae Mechoacanae; Pills of Mechacan.

They purge Flegm with violence. The doſe is from a ſcruple to half a drachm.

Pilulae de Opopanace, Pills of Opopanax.

It purgeth cold Humours from the Joynts and Nerves, is good againſt the Gout and Palſie. Take a ſcruple or half a drachm in the morning.

Pilulae Rudii.

It purgeth Choller, Flegm, and Melancholly, from the head and other parts of the body: it is quick in operation, ſafe and the beſt of Purges. The doſe is from one ſcruple to half a drachm.

Pilulae Ruſſi.

They are preſervative in Peſtilential Times, and evacuate malignant humours, and ſuch as are gotten by Surfeits, and ſtrengthneth the Vitals. The Doſe is from a ſcruple to a drachm: take them to Bedward.

Pilulae ſine quibus, Pills without Which.

It purgeth Choller and Flegm from the Brain; it is good for Ophthalmia cauſed by Choler, and is good n the Baſtard Tertian. The Doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Pilulae Stomachicae, Stomach Pills.

It ſtrengthneth the retentive and digeſtive Faculties of the Stomach, and cleanſeth it of offenſive humours. The doſe is from one drachm to two.

Pilulae Stomachicae cum Gummi, Stomach-Pills with Gums.

They are of the ſame nature with the former; they are ſtronger in operation. The doſe is a drachm: take them in the morning early, and ſleep after them.

Pilulae de Succino, Pills of Amber.

It is friendly to the Womb, and takes away the cauſes of Sterility, and helps Conception; purging Choller and Flegm, and leaves a binding and ſtrengthning quality behind it. The doſe is from a ſcruple, to a drachm: take them at night.

Pilulae ex Tribus, Pills of three things: Strengthen the Stomach and Liver, open Obſtructions, helpeth the Yellow Jaundiſe, and frees the body of Cholerick Humours, which cauſe the Itch and Scabs. The doſe is from one ſcruple to a drachm: take them at night.

Pilulae Turpeti aureae.

They purge Choller and Flegm, ſtrengthen the Stomach and Liver. Take them as the former.

Pilulae Azaiereth.

It ſtrengthneth the body, evacuateth Choller from the Veins; and Chollerick, Flegmatick, and putrid humours from the Stomach, and is a good preſervation in Peſtilential Times. The doſe and manner of taking them is the fame.

Pilulae ex Bdellio, Pills of Bdellium.

They are good in the immoderate Flux of the Terms and Hemorrhoids. The doſe is half a drathm.

Pilulae de Rhabarbaro, Pills of Rubarb.

They evacuate Chollerick Humours, help the Jaund ſe, open Obſtructions of the Liver, and ſtrengtheneth the Stomach. Take them at night, from a ſcruple to a drachm.

Pilulae Arabicae.

It removeth the Diſeaſes of the Head; as the Vertigo and Megrim: it makes a man merry; it preſerves his Mind in vigour, clears the Sight, repairs Hearing loſt, and frees the Stomach of vitious humours. Take in the morning from one ſcruple to four.

Pilulae Arthriticae.

It helps the Gout, and other Joynt-Griefs, or whatever Diſeaſe hath its original from Flegm. Take from one drachm to four ſcruples, in the morning.

Pilulae Fumariae. Pills of Fumitory.

This Pill is good for ſuch as are troubled with Scabs, Itch, and ſuch like; for it purgeth Chollerick and aduſt Humours, and falt Flegm. The doſe is from two ſcruples to a drachm: take it in the morning.

Pilulae Indae.

It generally purgeth Melancholly; therefore neceſſary in all Melancholy Diſeaſes; as Cancers, Leproſies, Quartan Agues, Pains and Tumors of the Spleen, Sadneſs, Fear, &c. The doſe is from half a drachm to four ſcruples: take them in the morning.

Pilulae Luis Majores.

They are given, with happy ſucceſs, in Diſeaſes of the Eyes: it purgeth Flegmatick and mixed Humours from the head, and ſtrengthneth the viſive virtue; Take them as the former.

Pilulae de Euphorbio; Pills of Euphorbium.

They are good againſt pains in the Loins, Dropſies, and Gouts, coming of a moiſt cauſe: half a drachm is a ſufficient doſe.

Pilulae Scribonii.

They are good againſt ſpitting of Bloud, Ptiſicks, and the like. Take a ſcruple going to bed.

Pilulae de Cynogloſſo, & de Styrace; Pills of Hounds-Tongue, and Styrax.

They are both good againſt a Defluxion of hot Rheums upon the Lungs, or other parts, againſt Cold cauſed by Defluxion, and provokes ſleep. Take one ſcruple or two, if you find your body ſtrong.

Laudanum & Nepenthes Opiatum.

It mittigateth violent pains, allayeth the Fumes that trouble the Brain in Feavers, and provoke ſleep. Beware how you give ſuch Medicines in the beginning of Feavers. The doſe is from one grain to four.

CHAP. VIII. Of Powders.

POuders may be made of any Hearb, Flower, Root, Mineral, Stone, &c. and they are varlouſly compounded, as followeth:

Aromaticum Caryophyllatum.

Take of Cloves 7 drachms; Mace, Zedoary, Galanga the leſs, Yellow Sanders, Troches Diarrhadon, Cinamon, Wood of Aloes, Indian Spicknard, Long Pepper, Cardamoms the Leſs, of each one drachm; Red-Roſes four drachms; Gallia Moſchata, and Liquoris, of each two drachms; Indian Leaf, and Cubebs, of each two ſcruples: beat them all into Powder. It ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, and clears the Vital parts, ſtays Vomiting, breaks Wind, and helps Digeſtion Take a drachm or two.

Aromaticum Roſatum.

It ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, Heart, and Brain, and is good againſt Swooning, Palpitation, Convulſion, Epilepſie, and ſuch like: it diſcuſſeth Wind, and ſtrengtheneth the Natural Parts, and is profitably given in Conſumptions. The doſe is from half a drachm to two drachms.

Puluis ex Chelis Cancrorum compoſiuts; Or, the Pouder of Crabs Claws compound: Otherwiſe called Gaſcoins Pouder.

It is very good in Feavers, either intermitting, putrid, or malignant: it is of known virtue in the Small Pox and Meaſels: it is very cordial, chears the Heart and Vital Spirits. The uſual doſe is from one grain to twelve.

Species Cordiales Temperatae.

It is a great Cordial, ſtrengtheneth both Vital and Animal Parts, and is often preſcribed among other Cordials. The doſe commonly is from a ſcruple to half a drachm.

Diacalaminth, Simple and Compound.

It heats the body, and cuts groſs humours: it expels Wind, and opens Obſtructions, provokes Urine and the Terms, and cleanſeth Women in Child-bed. The doſe is half a drachm.

Dianiſum.

It powerfully diſcuſſeth Wind from the Stomach, and raw Humours, and removes Flegmatick Humours, which cauſeth a Cough. Take half a drachm, or a draclim, being made into an Electuary.

Pulvis Radicum Ari compoſitus: Powder of Aaron Roots compound.

It provokes Urine and the Terms, expels the dead Child, and After-Birth, and cleanſeth the Womb, and eaſeth Fits of the Mother; cleanſeth the Stomach of tough humours, and is a good Antidote (ſay ſome) againſt poyſon. Give a ſcruple, or half a drachm.

Diaires Simplex; Or, Pouder of the Root of Flowerdeluce.

It is good againſt Coughs: make it into an Electuary with Honey, or ſome Pectoral Syrup, and take it with a Liquoris Stick.

Dialacca.

It ſtrengthneth the Stomach and Liver, and opens Obſtructions; mollifieth ſchirrhous Tumors, and is of great virtue to remove the effects thereof, viz. Cachexia, and the Dropſie: It provokes Urine, and breaks the Stone in the Reins and Bladder. The doſe is from half a drachm to four ſcruples.

Pulvis Cardiacus Magiſtralis.

This Powder hath not its name for nothing; it is a very great Cordial, and ſtrengthneth the Heart and Vitals. The doſe is from one grain to ten; the Gentry may uſe it often.

Diamargariton Frigidum.

It is a great Cordial, good againſt Syncopes, Aſthmahs, Coughs, and Diſtillations of ſharp Humors, Conſumptions, and Hectick Feavers. Half a drachm is an indifferent doſe, if it be not too dear.

Diambra.

It effectually ſtrengthneth all the bowels and inward arts, weakned by cold; it cheareth the Spirits, and gives the Patient a good colour; it profiteth the Womb, and is friendly to antient men and women. The doſe from half a drachm to two drachms.

Diamoſhu dulce & Amarum.

It is good againſt cold afflictions of the Brain, and all Diſeaſes thence ariſing; againſt Melancholly, and all Melancholly Diſeaſes. The laſt beſides the former, hath a purging Faculty, and cleanſeth the Stomacle. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Species Dianthus.

It maketh a light heart, a chearful mind, a good Stomach, and a ſound body. The doſe is the ſame with the former.

Diapenidion.

It prevaileth againſt all Diſeaſes of the Breaſt, Cough, Hoarſeneſs, loſs of Voice. Take half a drachm, or mix it with ſome Pectoral Syrup.

Diarrhodon Abbatis.

It ſtrengthneth the Liver, Heart, Stomach, &c. and quencheth unnatural heat in any of thoſe parts. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Diaſpoliticum.

It is good to diſcuſs wind in the Stomach, and removes the Diſeaſes of the part, and helps digeſture. The doſe is from one drachm to two.

Diatraganthum Frigidum.

It cures all Diſeaſes of the Breaſt and Lungs, which proceed from a hot and dry cauſe, or from putrefaction in the parts; for the moſt part, it is mixed with other Medicines: Or it may be made into an Electuary with the Syrup of Violets, and you may take a drachm.

Diatrion Piperion.

This Pouder diſcuſſeth Wind from the Stomach and Bowels; it heats the Stomach, helps Digeſtion, and frees it of Flegm. The doſe is from a ſcruple to half a drachm.

Diatrion Santelion.

It is a very good Medicine to correct the hot Diſtemper of the Liver, and is good againſt a Diarrhaea, cauſed by Cholerick Humours: it helps Obſtructions of the Liver alſo. The doſe is from four ſcruples to two drachms.

Pulvis Haly.

It is a good Medicine againſt Peripneumonia, or Inflammation of the Lungs, Phriſicks, and Pleuriſies. Take half a drachm of the Powder.

Pulvis Laetificans.

It revives the Heart, and chears the Spirits, helps digeſtion, and preſerves a good Colour. The doſe is from one ſcruple to four. Or, of it you may make a Sacculus, to be applyed to the Region of the Heart, Stomach, and Head, againſt Palpitation, and cold Diſeaſes of the Head and Stomach.

Pulvis Bezoardicus Magiſtralis; A Bezoartick Powder Magiſterial.

It is a great Cordial, and very good in Feavers, and in all Diſeaſes where the Vitals ſuffer. The doſe is from a grain to twelve. If you take too much, your purſe will ſoon complain.

Species confectionis Liberantis.

It is a good preſervative in Peſtilential Times, and a good Medicine in Peſtilential Feavers. The doſe is from half a drachm to two drachms: It is a good Cordial for the Gentry.

Pulvis Saxonicus.

It is a great preſervative againſt Poyſon, and the Peſtilence, and powerfully expels all poyſon and malignant humours out of the body. Take half a drachm, or a drachm.

Pulvis Antilyſſus.

This Powder is good againſt the biting of a Mad-Dog, or any other venemous Creature; for it fortifyeth the heart againſt poyſon. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Roſatae Novellae.

It helpeth hot and dry Stomachs, and is good againſt diſtempers of the Heart, Liver, &c. or of any other part, cauſed by heat and dryeth: it ſtrengthneth the Vital Spirits, and provokes Sweat. The doſe is the ſame with the former.

Pulvis Thuraloes.

It is good to ſtanch bloud in any Wound: If you mix it with the White of an Egg, and with the Wool of an Hare dipped in it, apply it to the bleeding part.

Species Electuarii de gemmis frigidi.

It ſtrengtheneth the Heart and Vital Spirits, and relieveth languiſhing Nature. Half a drachm is the utmoſt doſe; and that too much for a poor man.

Pulvis contra caſum; A Powder for thoſe that are bruiſed by a Fall.

It is good to ſtrengthen the internal, parts of one bruiſed by Fall, or otherwiſe. The doſe is from two drachms to three; ſweat after it.

Diacymini.

It is good to diſcuſs Wind, warms the Stomach, and eaſeth the pains of the Chollick, and helps digeſtion. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Diagalanga.

It diſcuſſeth Wind and cold Humours in the Stomach; it corrects the cold and moiſt diſtemper of the Liver and Brain, and doth ſomewhat provoke Urine. The doſe is from half a drachm to two.

Species Electuarii Diamargariton calidi.

It is a great Cordial, heats the Stomach and the Womb, and removeth cold Diſtempers thereof. The doſe is half a drachm.

Lithontribon.

It heats the Stomach, and helpeth want of Digeſtion: it is good againſt the Hiack Paſſion, and Cholick; breaks the Stone in the Reins and Bladder, Strangury, and Dyſury. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Pleres Arconicon.

It is good in Syncopes, and Palpitations; and cheriſheth thoſe who have been weekned by Sickneſſes: it ſtrengthneth Memory, and quickneth the Senſes; good againſt the Falling-Sickneſs, and cold afflictions of the Lungs, and is exceeding good for ſad and melancholly people. The doſe is the ſame.

Pulvis contra Peſtem: A Powder againſt the Peſtilence.

The little tells you the virtue of it: beſides, it chears the Heart, and Vital Spirits. The doſe is the ſame.

Pulvis contra Vermes: A Powder againſt the Worms.

And is a good one for the purpoſe. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Purging Powders.
Pulvis Hermodactylorum compoſitus; Powder of Hermodactyls compound.

It purgeth Choller, Flegm, and Melancholy; but with ſuch violence, that it is the ſafeſt courſe not to meddle with it: Or let it be firſt corrected by an able Brain.

Pulvis Senae compoſitus major.

The Powder of Sene the greater compoſition: ſome call it Holland Powder; or, Ralph Holland's Powder: it diſcuſſeth Wind, and helps the Chollick; opens the Obſtructions of the Reins and Bowels. The Doſe is from one drachm to two.

Pulvis Senae compoſitus minor: Or, the Powder of Sene, the leſſer compoſition.

It purgeth Melancholy from the head and other parts. The doſe is a drachm.

Diaſenae; Or, Pulvis Sanctus: The Holy Powder.

It purgeth the ſame humour, but is very violent. The doſe is the ſame for ſtrong bodies.

Diaturbith cum & ſine Rhabarbaro: Diaturbith with, or without Rhubarb.

The firſt purgeth Flegm and Choler: the other Flegm onely; but ought neither of them to be taken, unleſs corrected by an able Brain, and adminiſtred by a skilful and careful hand.

CHAP. IX. Of Electuaries.

ELectuaries are eaſily made of any of the aforegoing Powders; or, having your Ingredients ready, beat them, and ſift them into fine Powder, and with three times the weight of Honey or Syrup, ſuitable to your Ingreads, make an Electuary: As for Example,

Antidotus Analeptica.

Take of Red-Roſes and Liquoris, of each two drachms and five grains; Gum-Arabick, and Traga-Canth, of each two drachms, and two ſcruples; Sanders, White and Red, of each four ſcruples; the Juyce of Liquoris, White Starch, the Seeds of White Poppies, Purſlane, Lettice, and Endive, of each three drachms: the four greater cold Seeds husked; the Seeds of Quinces, Mallows, Cotton, Violets, Pine-Nuts, Siſtick Nuts, ſweet Almonds, Pulp of Sebeſtens, of each two drachms: Cloves, Spodium, Cinamon, of each one drachm; Saffron five grains, Penies half an ounce: Make them into fine Powder, and with three times their weight of Syrup of Violets make an Electuary. It is good in Conſumptions, and Hectick Feavers; it quencheth Thirſt, and reſtoreth radical Moiſture. You may take a drachm, as often as you pleaſe.

Confectio Alkermes.

This is uſed in Palpitations, Syncopes, and Diſeaſes of the Heart: it reſiſteth the Peſtilence and Poyſon, and relieveth languiſhing Nature. The doſe is from one drachm to two.

Electuarium è Saſſaphras; Or, Electuary of Saſſaphras.

It opens obſtructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys, and is good againſt cold Rheums and Defluxions, from the Head to the Lungs, Teeth, Eyes; and helps Diſeaſes in thoſe parts, occaſioned by ſuch Defluxions: it provoketh the Terms, dryes up the ſuperfluous moiſture of the Womb, and all raw thin Humours, and breaks Wind. The doſe is half a drachm in the morning.

Electuarium de baccis Lauri, Electuary of Bay-Berries.

It is good againſt the Chollick, and all Diſeaſes cauſed by Wind or Cold; and it cuts and attenuates glaſſie Flegm. The doſe is from one drachm to three.

Diacapparis; Or, a Conſection of Capers.

It is good againſt Diſeaſes of the Spleen. The doſe is the ſame with the former.

Diacinnamomum, A Compoſition of Cinamon.

It ſtrengthneth the inward parts, and heats the Scomach, helps Concoction, provokes the Terms, and ſtrengthneth the Womb, and is good for people that are ſubject to Flegm and Wind. The doſe is from one ounce to two.

Diacoralliou, A Compoſition of Coral.

It is cordial and binding, and cooling; it ſtrengthneth ſuch as are in Conſumptions, cools in Feavers, and ſtops Fluxes; and is good for thoſe that are in a Conſumption with a Looſeneſs: it ſtops the Terms, and white Flux. The doſe is a drachm in the morning. If you have a Looſeneſs, the doſe is from one to three, and it may be taken often.

Diacorum.

This Electuary heats the Brain, ſtrengthneth the Nerves, and quickneth the Senſes, is good againſt the Head-ache, Convulſions, Falling-Sickneſs, Catarrhs, and provokes Luſt. The doſe is half a drachm.

Diacydonium, Simplex & compoſitum; A Confection of Quinces, Simple or Compound.

They comfort the Stomach, and are good for thoſe that are ſubject to Vomiting; for it ſtrengthneth the Stomach, and moderates Womens Fluxes: The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm, before and after meat.

Confectio de Hyacintho.

It is a great Cordial, and cooling; and is of great virtue in all Feavers, putrid, malignant, and peſtilential. The doſe is from two ſcruples to half a drachm.

Antidotum Haemagogum.

It provokes Urine, the Terms, and After-Birth; helps the Strangury, and breaks the Stone, opens obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen. The doſe is from one drachm to two.

Diaſatyrion.

This was compoſed to provoke Luſts, and to whet on thoſe who are impotent in the acts of Venus, and is good againſt weakneſs of the Reins and Bladder. The doſe is from two drachms to three.

Electuarium Diaſpermaton.

It provokes Urine, and breaks the Stone. The doſe is from half an ounce to an ounce.

Micleta.

It is profitable in long laſting Diarrhaeas, and Bloudy Fluxes. The doſe is from one ſcruple to four.

Electuarium Pectorale.

It ſtrengthneth the Stomach and Lungs, and removes the Vices thereof. Take it with a Liquoris ſtick.

Theriata Diateſſarion.

It frees the Stomach of pain, Wind and want of digeſture, reſiſteth the Peſtilence and Poyſon: it helps ſtopping of the Liver, Dropſie, Jaundiſe, &c. and cold infirmities of the Brain; as Convulſions, Falling-ſickneſs, Palſies, &c. The doſe is from half a drachm to two.

Diaſcordium.

It ſtrengthneth the Heart, provoketh Sweat, procures ſleep, expels the malignity of the Peſtilence, haſteneth Womens Labour, provoketh the Terms; is good for Women lying in, and ſtops Fluxes. The doſe is from one drachm to three. To Children give leſs.

Methridatum; Or, Methridate.

It is good againſt Poyſon, and cold humours in the Body, and Diſeaſes thence coming; loſs of Senſes by cold, helps the Chollick, and expels Wind, provokes an Appetite: It helps Ulcers in the Bladder (ſaith Galen) provokes Urine, expels the dead Child, and helps ſuch Women as cannot conceive, by reaſon of the coldneſs and ſlipperyneſs of their Wombs. The doſe is from half a drachm to two.

Phylonium perſicum; Magiſtrale, & Romanum.

The firſt ſtops any Flux Diarrhaea, Dyſentery, or Womens Monethly Terms, when other means fail; which the ſecond doth likewiſe, eaſeth pain, and procures reſt in Feavers: Romanum eaſeth the vehemency of the pain of the Cholick, Stone, Strangury, and ſuch like; and provokes ſleep. The doſe is from a ſcruple to four. Take it not without advice from an able Brain.

Electuarium de Ovo; An Electuary of Eggs.

It is a good Remedy in Peſtilential Feavers, and a good preſervative. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Theriaca Andromachi; Venice Treacle.

It reſiſteth poyſon, and preſerveth the heart from venome, of ſuch as have been bitten by any venemous Creatures: It is good againſt inveterate Head-aches, Vertigoes, &c. Deafneſs, dulneſs of ſight, loſs of voice, Aſthmas, old Coughs, ſpitting of Bloud, difficulty of Breathing, coldneſs of the Stomach, and Wind, Chollick and ſliack Paſſion, hardneſs of the Spleen, Jaundiſe, Stone in the Reins and Bladder; provokes Urine, the Terms, Birth, and After-Birth: It is good againſt Ulcers in the Bladder, Dropſies, Leproſies, Feavers of all ſorts, pains in the Joynts: it helps both Body and Mind, and is good againſt Melancholy Thoughts, and vain Fears. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm: ſweat upon it.

Theriaca Londinenſis; London Treacle.

It ſtrengthneth the Heart, is good againſt the Peſtilence, and reſiſteth poyſon and infection; ſtrengthens cold Stomachs, and helps digeſtion. You may take two drachms in the morning.

Diacrocuma.

It is excellent againſt cold diſtempers of the Liver, Stomach, Reins, Spleen, Bladder, and Matrix, and the Symptomes ariſing from thoſe diſtempers, viz. The Dropſie, and Chachexia. The doſe is from half a drachm to four ſcruples.

Athanaſia Methridatis.

It prevails againſt poyſon, and biting of venemous Creatures, helps cold Stomachs, and ſuch whoſe meat putrifies therein; ſtays vomiting of Bloud, and old Cough, and is good againſt all cold Diſeaſes of the Liver, Spleen, Bladder, Reins, and Matrix. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Electuarium è Scoria ſerri.

It ſtrengthneth, openeth, and gently purgeth the Stomach and Spleen, and caſeth the body of Melancholy, and Splenetick Diſeaſes. The doſe is from three drachms to half an ounce.

Confectio Humain.

It ſtrengthneth the Heart and Brain, quickneth the Senſes, and is a good preſervative againſt the Peſtilence. The doſe is from half a drachm to a drachm.

Diaircos Salominis.

It helps all cold infirmities of the Lungs. Take it with a Liquoris Stick.

Magnum Antidotum Mathioli, &c. Mathiolus his great Antidote againſt Poyſon and the Peſtilence.

It is very good for that purpoſe: See his Bezoar Water for particular virtues. The doſe is from a ſcruple to four.

Requies, Mitigates the heat in Feavers, and gives reſt. Give not above half a ſcruple at firſt: it is ſcarcely ſafe inwardly to be given: apply it ontwardly to the Temples and Wriſts.

Electuarium Reginae Colonienſ.

It is good againſt the Stone and Wind-Chollick. The doſe is a drachm.

Triphera the Greater, Stops the immoderate Flux of the Terms and Hemorrhoids, frees the body of crude humours, ſtrengthneth the Bladder, rectifies diſtempers of the Spleen, expels Melancholy, and makes a good colour. The doſe is from a drachm to half an ounce.

Purging Electuaries.
Benedicta Laxativa.

It powerfully purgeth Flegmatick Humours from the Joynts; it purgeth the Reins and Bladder. The doſe is from one drachm to a drachm and an half.

Caryo coſtinum.

It is a good Purge for wounded perſons, whoſe Wounds are inflamed: it alſo purgeth hot Rheums: Correct it, or let it alone. Three drachms, or four, may be given in a Cliſter.

Caſſia extracta pro Clyſteribus; Caſſia extracted for Clyſters.

The doſe is an ounce; two or three given in Clyſters, it purgeth the Reins, and cools them; it eaſeth the pains cauſed by the Stone, and is good to prevent the growing thereof.

Electuarium amarum majus & minus; the Greater and Leſſer bitter Electuary.

They both purge Choller: the firſt, Flegm; and the ſecond, Melancholy. The doſe of the firſt is from half an ounce to an ounce: Of the other, from one ounce to two.

Diacaſsia with Manna.

This is a gallant Purge for hot bodies; for it gently looſeneth and cooleth much, and therefore is good in Feavers, and in all Diſeaſes wherein Choler doth abound. The doſe is an ounce; or more, as you find occaſion.

Caſia extracta ſine & cumfoliis Senae; Caſſia extracted without and with the Leaves of Sena.

They are both gentle Purges; they cleanſe and cool the Reins: they cleanſe the Bowels of Choller and Melancholy, and is good in Feavers. The doſe of the firſt is an ounce and an half: Of the other one ounce.

Diacarthamum.

It purgeth Flegm and yellow Choller effectually. The doſe is from one drachm to ſix.

Diaphaenicon.

It purgeth both Flegm and Choller; it is good in Feavers, and eaſeth the Chollick and pains of the Stone, and freeth the Bowels of raw humours. The doſe is from two drachms to five.

Diaprunum Lenitive.

It cools and looſeneth the body gently; it is good in all kind of Feavers, and hot Agues, and is much commended in the Feaver Hectick. The doſe is an ounce to bedward.

Diaprunum Solutive.

Is the beſt purger of Choller, and amendeth the hot diſtemper of the Liver. The doſe is from three drachms to ſix.

Catholicon.

It purgeth every humour abounding, eſpecially Choller: It profiteth in Feavers; it mollifieth, and altereth the Humours, and ſtrengthneth the body: it helps infirmities of the Liver and Spleen, Gouts of all ſorts, Head-aches, Tertian, Quartan, and Quotidian Agues. The doſe is from half an ounce to an ounce: Take it going to bed, or in Clyſters.

Electuarium de Citro Solutivum; the Solutive Electuary of Citrons.

It purgeth Choller, Flegm, and Melancholy; and carryeth away the rotten humours in the declination of a Feaver. The doſe is half an ounce.

Electuarium Eleſcoph.

It purgeth Choller, Flegm, and Wind, from all parts of the body; helps pains of the joynts and ſides, the Chollick; it cleanſeth the Reins and Bladder.

Confectio Hamech.

It purgeth Melancholy, and yellow Choller: it is good againſt Melancholy and Madneſs, Scabs, Itch, &c. The doſe is from three drachms to an ounce.

Electuarium Lenitivum; the Lenitive Electuary.

It is a fine purge, fit for Feaveriſh perſons, and ſuch as have Pleuriſies: it gently openeth and mollifieth the Bowels, and purgeth (without trouble or hurt) Melancholy, Flegm, and Choler. The doſe is from an ounce to two.

Electuarium paſſulatum.

It cleanſeth the Reins and Bladder, and is a good purge for thoſe that are troubled with Gravel, or the Stone: it purgeth Choler and Melancholy. The doſe is the ſame with the former.

Electuarium è ſucco Roſarum, An Electuary of the Juyce of Roſes.

It purgeth Choller; and the doſe is from two drachms to an ounce and an half.

Hierapicra Simplex.

It is the moſt excellent Medicine to purge vitious Humours, which ſtick to the Tunicles of the Stomach. The doſe is from half an ounce to an ounce: In Clyſters, from ſix drachms to an ounce and an half.

Hiera cum Agarico; Hiera with Agarick.

The Virtues are the ſame with the former, purgeth Flegm more effectually. The doſe is the ſame: For the further knowledge of the Virtues, ſee the Pill of Hiera with Agarick.

Hiera Logadii.

It purgeth effectually thoſe Humours, which cauſe the Palſie, Apoplexy, and ſuch like Diſeaſes. The doſe is the ſame: give it onely to ſtrong bodies.

Hiera Diacolocynthidos.

It eaſeth inveterate Head-aches, Falling-ſickneſſes, and ſuch like Evils: for it purgeth groſs Humours from the fartheſt parts of the body. The doſe is from three drachms to ſix.

Triphera Solutive.

It purgeth Choller and Flegm: Some account it profitable in the declination of Feavers, and in hot diſtempers of the Stomach and Liver. The doſe is from two drachms to half an ounce.

CHAP. X. Of Oyles.

AS there are of other Medicines, ſo there are of Oyls, both ſimple and compound: Simple Oyls are either by expreſſion, or infuſion and decoction: Oyls by Expreſſion, are drawn out of Fruits or Seeds; as out of ſweet and bitter Almonds, the Seed of Rope and Flax; by firſt beating them in a Stone-Morter, and preſſing out the Oyl in a Preſs.

Simple Oyls, by infuſion and decoction, are thus made: Take the Hearbs or Flowers, of which you would make your Oyl; beat them to two or three handfuls; pour on a pint of oyl, put them in an Earthen pot, and cover it with a paper tyed about the top, and ſet it in the Sun a fortnight: then heat it by the fire, and preſs out the hearbs: then put in as many hearbs as you did at firſt; do as before, as often as you ſee good, to make your Oyl ſtrong enough: then boyl it gently, till the vittue come forth of the hearbs, and then ſtrain it, and reſerve it for your uſe. In this manner is made the Oyls of Roſes, Dill, Camomil, Melilot, Lillies, Violets, &c. All which, for the moſt part, are uſed externally: ſome of them in Clyſters, they retain the virtues of the ſimples whereof they are made; which I hope is enough for the Ingenious Searcher.

Compound Oyls are made in the ſame manner; Take this following for an Example,

Oleum Benedictum; Or, Bleſſed Oyl.

Take the Roots of Carduus, and Valerian, of each one ounce; the Flowers of St. John's Wort, two ounces; Wheat one ounce and an half; Old Oyl four ounces; Cypreſs Turpetine eight ounces; Frankinſence in powder two ounces: Bruiſe the root and flowers, and infuſe them in White-Wine ſufficient to cover them: After two days infuſion, put in the Oyl, with the Wheat bruiſed, boil them together till the Wine be conſumed; then preſs it out, and add the Frankinſence and Turperine: then boyl them a litle, and keep it for your uſe. It is good to cleanſe all manner of Wounds, eſpecially thoſe of the Nerves, and Wounds in the head.

Oleum de Capporibus, Oyl of Capers.

It openeth obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen, and mollifies the hardneſs of the Spleen, and is good againſt the Rickets: Anoint the part by the fire.

Oleum Caſtorei compoſitum, the Oyl of Caſtor compound.

It hath a cutting and attenuating Faculty of groſs humours in the Joynts, and in cold Diſeaſes.

Oleum Catellorium, Oyl of Whelps.

It is good to anoint the Limbs and Muſcles, that are weakned by Wounds and Bruiſes.

Oleum Coſtinum, Oyl of Coſtus.

It prevaileth againſt affects of the Nerves; for it ſtrengthneth, warmeth, attenuates, and opens obſtructions of thoſe parts.

Oleum Crocinum, Oyl of Saffron.

It hath a faculty of ſtrengthning the Nerves and the Womb, diſtipates ſwelling and hardneſs, and caſeth pains in thoſe parts.

Oleum de Euphorbio, Oyl of Euphorbium.

It hath the ſame virtue as the Oyl of Caſtor: both which dropped into the Ear, helps the •… iſe there, and cures Deafneſs.

Oleum Exceſtrenſe, Oyl of Exceter.

It is good to anoint the Limbs of ſuch as are lame, by reaſon of ſome old Bruiſe, Cold, or Sprain.

Oleum Hirundinum, Oyl of Swallows.

The Virtues are the ſame with the former.

Oleum Hyperici compoſitum, Oyl of St. Johns Wort Compound.

It hath the Virtues of the two former, and is very good in green Wounds.

Oleum Irinum, Oyl of Orris.

It doth reſolve, maturate, and eaſe pain in all kind of Tumours.

Oleum Majoranae, Oyl of Marjarome.

It helps all cold Diſeaſes of the Brain and Nerves: anoint the Backbone with it for the dead Palſie: anoint the Fore-head for the Head-ache. Drop it into the Ears for the noiſe and pain therein.

Oleum Mandragorae, Oyl of Mandrakes.

It is good to anoint the Temples of thoſe that want ſleep in a Frenzie. It is extream cold: be careful in the uſe of it.

Oleum Moſchelaeum, Oyl of Musk.

It helps Deaſneſs, and all cold Diſeaſes of the Head, Stomach, Sides, Nerves, and Reins, and is good in the Strangury and Cholick.

Oleum Nardinum, Oyl of Nard.

It hath a warming, digeſting, and binding quality, and is uſed with good ſucceſs in all cold Diſeaſes of the Head, Liver, and Womb: and being ſnuffed up in the Noſe, prevails againſt the Coryza, which is a Diſtillation of Humours from the Head to the Noſe.

Oleum Nicodemi.

It is good to cleanſe and heal Sores, Ulcers, Scabs, Itch, Small Pox, &c.

Oleum Vulpinum, Oyl of Foxes.

In pains of the Joynts, Podagra, and Chiragra: This Oyl is of great uſe, ſaith Sylvius.

Oleum de Piperibus, Oyl of Pepper.

It heats, attenuates, cleanſeth, and openeth Obſtructions: therefore Phyſitians do uſe this Oyl in the Palſie, Convulſion, and in all cold Diſeaſes of the Womb, Neck, Reins, and Bladder: it eaſeth the Gout alſo.

Oleum Populeon.

It is a fine cool Oyl; ſee the Oyntment. I ſhould here ſet down Chymical Oyls; but that I fear my book is already ſwelled into too large a Volume. They alſo retain the virtue of the Simples, whereof they are made; but are far more prevalent, and full of Spirit, and are not ſafely uſed alone.

CHAP. XI. Of Oyntments,

I Have in the former Books ſhewed you the manner of making of Oyntments and Plaiſters; and in regard that the way of making them is divers, according to the diverſity of Ingredients, I ſhall here onely declare the Virtues and Operations of the Oyntments and Plaiſters now in uſe, and ſold by the Apothecary.

Unguentum Album; The white Ointment hath a refrigerating and drying faculty: Chyrurgeons uſe it to allay the heat and itching in Ulcers.

Unguentum Egyptiacum, This is uſed in filthy Ulcers to cleanſe them, and to eat off dead fleſh.

Unguentum Anodynum; An Oyntment to eaſe pain: Is eaſeth pain and inflammations in Wounds and Tumours.

Unguentum ex Apio; An Oyntment of Smallage: It is alſo a cleanſing Unguent,

Linimentum Gummi Elemi; It gently cleanſeth, and filleth with fleſh Ulcers, not onely in the head, but in any other part.

Unguentum Auream, is accounted the beſt in curing Wounds, cleanſing the Filth, and drying the Moiſture.

Baſilicon, the Greater and Leſs; They heat, moiſten, and digeſt, bring wounds to ſuppuration, and cleanſeth them.

Vnguentum ex Bdellio, Ointment of Bdellium: It helps the Epilepſie, Palſie, Cramp, and all cold Diſeaſes of the Nerves.

Unguentum de Calce, Ointment of Chalk; is good againſt Burning and Scalding.

Unguentum de Althea Simplex & compoſitum; The Ointment of Marſh-mallows, Simple and Compound. It hath a notable digeſting quality, and reſolving the Humours in any Swelling, and ſoftning thereof.

Unguentum Diapompholigos, it cools, binds, dryes, and ſtays Fluxes, either of bloud, or humours in wounds, and fills hollow Ulcers with fleſh.

Unguentum Elunatum ſine & cum Mercurio, The Ointment of Elicampane, without or with Quickſilver, was invented to kill the Itch.

Unguentum Laurinum commune; Common Ointment of Bays: it heats and expels wind, good in Aches and Sprains, and kils the Itch.

Unguentum de Minio, The Ointment of Red-Lead: it is a notable dryer, and very cool; it is uſed in Ulcers, when other Medicines fail.

Unguentum è Necotiana, The Ointment of Tobacce It is good to kill the Itch, Lice, and Worms; it cleanſeth Ulcers and Fiſtulas, and is good againſt the biting of any venemous creature.

Vnguentum Nutritum, It is good againſt the Itch, Tetters, and Ring-Worms; it allayeth the itching of wounds; for it is of a cooling and drying nature.

Unguentum Opthalmicum, It is good in an Opthalmia, or inflammation of the Eyes; anoint the Eyelids.

Unguentum ex Oxylapatho, An Ointment of ſharppointed Docks: It is good againſt Scabs and Itch.

Vnguentum è Plumbo, Or, Ointment of Lead. It dryeth much.

Vnguentum Pomorum, commonly called Pomatum: It is good to anoint the Noſe and Lips, being chopped by the Wind.

Vnguentum Reſinum, Is as good a Sear-cloth for a Sprain as moſt are.

Vnguentum Roſatum, Ointment of Roſes: Is good to allay the heat of Phlegmon, and Eryſipelous Tumors; and is good againſt gaulling of the Skin, and tempers the heat of the Head, Stomach, and Liver.

Vnguentum Deſiccativum Rubrum; It is a very drying Ointment, reſtrains a Flux in a Wound, and skins the Sore.

Vnguentum è Solano; A Unguent of Nightſhade: It allays the heat and itching of Wounds.

Vnguentum Tutiae, An Unguent of Tutry, Anoint the Eye-lids with it; to dry hot and ſalt humours flowing thither.

Valentia Scabioſae; Tapſivalentia, and Tapſimel: See the Simples, and you may eaſily know the virtues of them.

Vnguentum Agrippa, It is good to anoint the bellies of ſuch as have the Dropſies.

Vnguentum Apoſtolorum, It cleanſeth Wounds, Ulcers, and Fiſtulas, conſumes dead fleſh, and ſoftneth the hard Lips of Ulcers, and is a good incarnative.

Vnguentum Aragon, It is good in all cold Diſeaſes, and ſuch as have their Original from glaſſie Flegm, and is good in the Chollick.

Vnguentum de Arthanita, The Ointment of Sowbread: It hath been uſed with good ſucceſs in the Aſcites, when all other means have failed, for it powerfully freeth the Abdomen of Serous, and watry Humours.

Vnguentum Catapſoras, It is uſed to kill the Itch.

Vnguentum Citrinum, It is good to take away the Redneſs, Imples, and Freckles on the Face; it makes the Skin ſmooth.

Vnguentum Comitiſſae. This Ointment ſtrengthneth and bindeth, and is good againſt all fluxes of the Womb and Belly.

Vnguentum Martiatum, It eaſeth pain, and ſtrengthneth the Head, Nerves, and Muſcles.

Vnguentum Maſtichinum, It hath the virtues of the former; the Stomach being anointed with it, it reſtores Appetite, and helps Digeſtion,

Vnguentum Neapolitanum, It is uſed in the French Pox.

Vnguentum Nervinum, It is good in old Bruiſes, and for Diſeaſes of the Nerves coming from a cold cauſe; as dead Palſies, &c.

Vnguentum Pectorale, It ſtrengthneth and caſetlpains of the Stomach: it is good in a Pleuriſie, and conſumption of the Lungs.

Unguentum Populeum, An Unguent of Poplar: It is good in Burnings, Scaldings, and inflammations in any part.

Vnguentum Reſumptivum, It is good to correct the hot and dry diſtemper of any part; it eaſeth pains which come by inflammations, and Convulſions which come in Burning Feavers.

Vnguentum Splanchnicum, It eaſeth the pains of the Spleen.

Vnguentum è Succis, An Ointment of Juyces: It opens obſtructions of the Stomach and Spleen; Annoint the Breaſt and Sides for the Rickets.

Vnguentum Sumach, It is a binding Ointment, and drying; anoint the Stomach for Vomiting, the Belly for a Looſeneſs, and the Fundament for the falling out thereof.

Vnguentum Refrigerans, It cures inflammations in Wounds and Tumors.

Vnguentum contra vermes, Anoint the Belly with it to kill Worms.

CHAP. XII. Of Plaiſters.

EMplaiſtrum ex Ammoniaco, A Plaiſter of Ammoniacum: It mollifieth hard Swellings of the Spleen, and eaſeth the pains thereof.

Emplaſtrum è Baccis Lauri, A Plaiſter of Bay-berries: Is good againſt the Chollick, and caſeth pain coming of Cold and Wind in any part of the body.

Emplaſtrum Barbarum Magnum, It allayeth the inflammation of Wounds, and is good in the beginning of Gouts, and cureth the biting of any Creature.

Emplaſtrum de Botonica, A Plaiſter of Betony, unites a broken Scul, or other Bones, draws out pieces of the Scul, and cleanſeth Wounds or Ulcers to the bottome.

Emplaſtrum Caeſaris, It is cooling, ſtrengthning, and binding; it repels hot Rheums and Vapours aſcending to the Head, or flowing to any other part.

Emplaſtrum Catagmaticum, There are two of this name, both are binding and drying.

Emplaſtrum Cephalicum, A Head-Plaiſter. This ſtrengthneth the Head, and repels Vapours, dryes up the moiſture, and hot Scalding Vapours which fall into the Eyes.

Emplastrum de Ceruſſa, A Plaiſter of Ceruſs.

It is profitable in Burns, and hot Ulcers: it cooles and dryes up the moiſture.

Emplaſtrum ex Cicuta cum Ammoniaco, A Plaiſter of Hemlock with Ammoniacum.

It mittigates pains, and allays inflammations in the remote parts.

Emplaſtrum è Cinnabari, Eats off dead fleſh.

Emplaſtrum è Cruſta panis, A Plaiſter of a Cruſt of Bread, ſtrengthneth the Head and Stomach.

Emplaſtrum è Cymino, A Plaiſter of Cummin.

It is good againſt the Wind-Cholick, Swellings, and Aches.

Diapalma, is of a cleanſing faculty, and drying up of the excrementitious moiſture which is in Wounds and Ulcers, and is moſt in uſe in old Ulcers.

Diachylum ſimplex, ireatum, magnum, & cum Gummi: All of theſe diſſolve hard ſwellings, and eaſe pain and inflammation; and dry up womens milk.

Diachylon compoſitum; Or, Emplaſtrum è Mucilaginibus, A Plaiſter of Muſilages.

It ſuppurates and breaks Tumors, and heals them likewiſe.

Emplaſtrum Diaphaenicon, Both hot and cold, ſtrengtheneth the Stomach and Liver, ſtays vomiting and fluxes of the belly: make uſe of either, according to the nature of the diſtemper.

Emplaftrum Divinum; A Divine Plaiſter.

It is cleanſing in Wounds and Ulcers, and is a good incarnative.

Emplaſtrum Epiſpaſticum.

It is good to draw Bliſters.

Flos Vaguentorum, The Flower of Ointments.

It cleanſeth, draweth out bones, thorns, and whatſoever is in the fleſh, and healeth ſpeedily.

Emplaſtrum Gummi Elemi, A Plaiſter of Gum Elemi.

It is of ſpecial uſe in Wounds and Ulcers in the Head, or other parts alſo in Fractures of the Scul.

Emplaſtrum Lapidis Calaminaris, It is of an exceeding drying nature.

Emplaſtrum ad Herniam, It is good againſt a Rupture; and being applyed to the Reins and Womb, ſtays abortion.

Emplaſtrum Hyſtericum, applyed to the Navel, is good againſt Fits of the Mother.

Emplaſtrum è Maſtiche, A Plaiſter of Maſtich, ſtrengtheneth the Stomach.

Emplaſtrum è Meliloto Simplex; the Simple Melilot Plaiſter, draws and heals green wounds, ripens, breaks, and heals Swellings.

Emplaſtrum è Meloloto compoſitum, The compound Melilot Plaiſter, aſſwageth pain, and mollifieth any Tumor; is good againſt hardneſs of the Stomach Liver, or Spleen, and is good againſt the Rickets.

Emplaſtrum de Minio Simplex & compoſitum; A Plaiſter of Red-Lead, Simple or Compound.

It is cooling, and drying, and healing.

Emplastrum Metroproptoticon.

It ſtrengthneth the Stomach, and ſtops a Looſeneſs and Vomiting.

Empleſtrum Nervinum, Strengthneth the Head and Nerves.

Emplaſtrum Oxycroceum, It is much uſed in Fractures and Diſlocations.

Emplaſtrum è Ranis, A Plaiſter of Frogs.

It was invented for Sores attending the French Pox.

Emplaſtrum Sicyonium: See the Ointment of Sowbread.

Spadarap ſeutela Galteri, It is drying ſit for Ulcers.

Emplaſtrum Stephaniaion, and Sticticum, they both draw forth corruption, ſtrengthen the Nerves, and other parts, and eaſe pain.

Emplastrum Stomachicum Magiſtrale, A Magiſtral Stomach Plaiſter. It ſtrengthneth the Stomach, helps Digeſtion, and ſtays Vomiting.

Emplaſtrum gratia Dei, It is good in Ulcers and Wounds; it cleanſeth, cooleth, healeth, and incarnateth.

Ceratum de Galbano, A Cere-cloth of Galbanum, helps the Fits of the Mother, and cleanſeth a Woman after her lying in.

Ceratum Oeſypatum, Mollifieth hard Swellings of the Liver, Spleen, Womb, or any other part,

Ceratum Sentalinum, (A Cerate of Sanders) It helps hot infirmities of the Liver, Stomach, and other parts.

FINIS.
A Table explaining the Terms of Art and other Words, which are not in the reach of Ʋulgar Capacities. A. ABdomen, the Belly or Paunch. Abſurdity, Unreaſonableneſs. Abſtergent, Cleanſing. Actual heat, Is a heat that can be felt with the hand, as in the fire, or things heated by it, or in the body of one in a Feaver. Actual cold, Underſtand it as the former. Accidentally, By hap, or chance. Acrimony, Sharpneſs. Accident, Is a ſymptome, or ſomething happening in a Diſeaſe. Acceſs, Addition, joyning to. Acute, Sharp, violent; a Diſeaſe that ſoon ends. Adventitious, Not natural ſpringing from external cauſes. Adſtriction, Binding together, ſhutting up. Aduſt, Burned. Adjacent, Lying near. Adverſe, Contrary to. Adjunct cauſes of a Diſeaſe, Are ſuch qualities are joyned with it. Adjuvant cauſes, are ſuch as aſſiſt the principal cauſe. Aduata, The outmoſt panicle of the Eye. Affected, Diſeaſed, troubled, diſordered. Afflux, Flowing to. Agglutinative, Joyning, glewing, ſouldering together. Aliment, All kind of Nouriſhment. Alexipharmacal Medicines, are ſuch as reſiſt the Plague, and all venemous Diſeaſes. Albugo, The White of the Eye. Alteratives, Are ſuch Medicines, as alter the quality of the Body and the Humours, by heating or cooling, moiſtning or drying. Animal Faculties, Are Imagination, Judgment, Memory; the Senſes, Hearing, Seeing, Smelling, Taſting, Feeling, Going, Standing, and all voluntary Motion. Antecedent cauſe, Is the cauſe afore-going, of any Diſcaſe. The antecedent cauſe of an Eryſipelas, or Cholerick Tumour, is Choler abounding in the Body: The conjunct cauſe is Choler gathered in the part. Anodines, Medicines which aſſwage pain. Aneuriſm, Is when the internal coat of an Artery is broken, and the external coat ſwelled. A tepileptical Medicines, Are ſuch as are good againſt the Falling-Sickneſs. Anus, The Fundament. Analogically, Proportionably, conveniently, equally. Apophlegmatiſms, Medicines which draw Flegm from the Head. Apozeme, A Medicine made of the decoction of divers Hearbs, altering and purging; ſometimes Syrups mixed therewith, to prepare, and gently to purge the Humours. Apoplectick Medicines, Are ſuch as are to be adminiſtred in the Apoplexy. Apply, Lay on. Aquae Acidulae, The Spaw Waters; they are of the nature of Tunbridge, Epſome, and Barnet. Aranea Tunica, The ſixth Tunicle of the Eye, which is like a Cobweb. Articulate Voice, Is Human Voice, or Speech. Aromatized, Spiced, perfumed, ſented. Artery, Is a Sinew, or Vein, wherein paſſeth the Spirit of Life with the Blood, or Vital Blood. Arteria Venoſa, Is an Artery, or rather a Vein; which from the right and left Region of the Lungs, carries Blood, and Air, to the left Ventricle of the Heart. Arterioſa, is a Vein from the right Ventricle of the Heart, adminiſters blood to the right and left part of the Lungs. Aſpera Arteria, The rough Artery, or Wind-pipe. Aſcent, Going up. Aſtringents, Medicines that bind together, and ſtraiten the pores and paſſages of the body. Astriction, Straitening, or binding together. Aſthmatical, Trouble for want of Breath. Atracting, Drawing together. Atteſt, Witneſs, declare. Atrophya, When the body pines away for want of nonriſhment. Attenuating, Making thin. Augment, Is when a Diſeaſe encreaſeth, and is not at the height. Autumn, Harveſt, or Fall of the Leaf. Axiome, An undoubted Truth. B. BAlneum Mariae, Is when a Still ſtandeth in warm water. Bolus, Signifieth a Morſel: it is a Medicine to be taken upon the point of a knife. Bellilucanae Thermae, Hot Bathes in France. Bituminous Bathes, come from a fat Clay, of the nature of Brimſtone. Bronchia, The Branches of the Wezand and Windpipe, which ſpread themſelves through the Lungs. C. CAruncle, is a piece of fleſh growing upon any part. Catarrh, is a defluxion or diſtillation of Humours upon the Lungs, or other parts from the Brain. Cataphora, Dead ſleep. Catalepſis, Congelation or ſtiffneſs of the body. Cauſticks, are Medicines which burn the Skin and Fleſh to make Iſſues. Cautery actual, is burning with a red hot iron. Cataplaſm, A Pultiſs. Cavity, Hollowneſs: Carus, Foulneſs, Corruption, Rottenneſs. Caleine, To burn to aſhes in a Crucible. Cacochymical, Abounding with evil humours. Cardialgia, Pain at Heart, Heart-griefs. Cardiogmos, Heart-burning. Carminative, are ſuch medicines as break-Wind. Catheter, A hollow Inſtrument to open the paſſage of the Urine, to draw Urine from the Bladder, or to remove the Stone. Cartilages, are Griſtles. Cataract, is a Diſeaſe of the Eye: See the 11th Chap. Book 2. Callous, The skin or fleſh grown hard, or unſenſible. Cerates, are Medicines made of Wax, ſofter then a Plaiſter, and ſtiffer then an Ointment. Cephalick, Capital, of, or belonging to the Head. Chalybeated, Water, Milk, or Wine; as when red hot Steel is quenched therein: alſo when a tincture of Steel is drawn by Wine, &c. Chylus, a certain white ſubſtance wrought by the digeſtive faculty of the Stomach, and is carryed to the Liver. Chirurgeon, Surgeon. Cicatrize, To bring to a ſcar, to skin a Wound, or Ulcer. Circumvolution, Turned round. Condenſe, To make thick. Congelation, Freezing, or joyning with cold. Chorion, The skin that covers the child in the Womb. Conſtipation, Stopping up. Collyries, Eye-ſalves. Contraction, Drawing together. Cornea, a coat of the Eye like a horn. Compreſſion, Thruſting together. Contuſion, Bruiſing, bruiſe. Cold Seeds, The greater are the Seeds of Citrul, Cucumber, Gourd, Molone. The other are the Seeds of Endive, Succory, Lettice, Purſlane. Confirmed, is when a Diſeaſe is perfect. Couched, is when any film is preſſed down, or taken out of the Eye with a Needle. Continuity, Joyning together. Compact, Firmly united. Concoct, is when the blood is ſeparated and made pure; or when Flegm, or other Humours, are ſeparated from the blood, or other mixtures. Connatural infirmity, is that which is born with a Man: as to be born with one hand, is a connatural Diſeaſe. Convex, Bunching out. Conjunct cauſe: See antecedent cauſe. Conſtriction, a drawing together. Congestion, a gathering together. Conjoyned matter, See conjunct cauſe. Corroding, Eating knawing, biting. Conſolidation, cloſing of a wound. Commiſſura, The Mold of the Head, where the Skull is united. Conſiſtence, a Body or Subſtance. Complication of Diſeaſes, is a mixture of divers Diſeaſes in the body. Coalition, Healing up of a wound. Coincide, That happeneth together. Co-indicants, are divers conſiderations in a ſick body, which call for one and the ſame Remedy. Contra-indicants, are ſuch as diſſwade a Remedy. Coction of Humours: See concoct. Commemorative, Remembring what is paſt. Contumacy, Rebellious, ſtubborn. Corroborate, To ſtrengthen. Goſtiveneſs, Is when the body is hard bound, and ſeldom goeth to ſtool. Columella, is a looſe ſpungie piece of fleſh; it ſticks to the roof of the mouth juſt at the ſwallow. Coagulate, is to thicken any thing by heat. Coronal Suture, is the Seam where the two ſides of the Skull cloſe, running through the Crown. Crude Humours, are ſuch as are not well digeſted in the Stomach. Critical Evacuation, is, when by bleeding at the Noſe, Mouth, by Vomit, &c. the humours offending are ſent forth by the ſtrength of Nature. Cryſtalline Humour, is that part of the Eye, which is like Cryſtal. Chronical Diſeaſes, are ſuch as laſt long. Critical day, in Feavers, is that day as the Moon comes to the ſquare of her place of the decumbiture, or firſt falling ſick, which for the moſt part happeneth on the 7th day. Cupping-Glaſſes, are Glaſſes faſtened with lighted tow, or flax, to draw forth blood, by ſcarifying of the place. Cumulation: See congeſtion. D. DEcoction, the Liquor wherein hearbs and other ingredients are boiled. Defluxion, A flowing of humours from the brain to other parts: alſo humours gathering into any part cauſing a Tumor. Delirium, Dotage, talking idly, raving in ſickneſs. Declination of a Diſeaſe, is, when the Symptomes decay, and the Patient begins to recover. Derived, Turned away from. Demonſtrated, proved by Argument. Depravations, Marrings, hurting, ſpoiling. Depreſſed, Made flat, hollow, or dented. Debility, Weakneſs. Derivations, Is to draw the humour that offends from the grieved part, to another near it. Diureticks, are medicines that provoke Urine. Diſtillation of Humours: See Defluxion. Diagnoſis, The knowledge of a Diſeaſe by the ſignes thereof. Diminiſhed, Leſſened. Diſcuſs, is to diſpel inviſibly, when a ſwelling is waſted without breaking. Diverting Medicines, are ſuch as hinder the defluxion of humours to any part. Diſlocation, is putting out of its place. Diffuſe, ſpread abroad. Diſsipate, ſcatter abroad. Dilated, made wider. Diſtorted, crooked, writhed, wreſted. Digeſtive Medicines, are ſuch as prepare humours for Evacuation. Diſſolved, Melted, or conſumed. Distention, Stretching. Diaphragma, the Midriff. Diagrydiates, ſuch Medicines that have Scammony in them. Diſſolution of natural heat, is a decay of Nature. Diaphoreticks, are ſuch Medicines as provoke ſweat. Dura mater, is the hard membrane which covers the brain, and lyeth next to the skull. Dung-gate, is the Fundament, or Arſe-hole. Dyſpnaea, is ſhortneſs of breath. E. EBullition, boiling of the blood or humours. Egreſſion, coming forth. Empyema, A corrupt matter between the Breaſt and the Lungs, following a Pleuriſie. Emunctuaries, The ways and paffages of Nature finds to drive ill humours into. Emollients, ſuch things as ſoften. Embrochated, Bathed, moiſtned, bedewed. Emplastick Diet, ſuch meats as are of a clammy ſubſtance: as Gellies, Tripes, Feet of Beaſts, and ſuch like. Emulgent veins, which bring the wheyiſh excrements to the Kidneys. Emulſions, are milks made of Almonds, or the cold ſeeds. Epipaſtick, a plaiſter to draw a bliſter. Epithemes, are certain powders put in bags, wet in wine, and applyed to the Region of the Heart, Liver, Spleen, &c. Epidemical, are Diſeaſes which ariſe over a whole Nation; as the Plague, ſmall Pox, &c. Errhines, are Liquors to be ſnuffed up to purge the Brain. Eruption, Breaking forth. Eroded, Eaten, or eaten aſunder. Eradicate, To pluck up by the Roots. Eſcharoticks: See, potential Cauteries. Eſchar, is the Core that falls from the place, where a Cauſtick hath been applyed. Evacuation, Is purging, emptying, or voiding. Evaporation, A ſteaming forth by Vapours, as boiling water doth. Eventilated, The body purged by exerciſe, which opens the pores o the body, and purgeth the body; as Corn is purged by Fanning. Excrement, is the Dregs of Digeſtion, voided by Dung, Urine, and Sweat. Expulſion, Driving forth. Extinguiſhed, Put out, or quenched. Extenſion, Stretching out. Extenuating, Making thin. Excrementitions, Of, or belonging to Excrements. Expreſſed, Squeezed out. Extraction, Pulling out. Exquiſite, Perfect. Exaſperated, Vexed, pained, moleſted. Excreſcencie, is any ſupernatural growing of fleſh. Exuberation, is the ſame with an Ulcer. Expectorating, Spitting any thing from the Breaſt, Stomach, or Lungs. F. FAbrick, Compoſition, making up, or frame. Faeces, Are the Dregs, or ſuch things which ſettle in the bottom. Fermentation, is the working of the Humours. Fiſtula, A hollow, deep, and narrow Ulcer. Filtration, Straining any liquid thing thorough a brown Paper, or by a piece of cloth hanging out of one veſſel into another. Fluid, That runs like Water. Flatuous, is windy. Fluxive, The ſame with Fluid. Fomentation, Is when Linnen Clothes, dipped in ſome warm Decoction of Liquor, is applyed to the diſeaſed part, and often renewed. Five opening Roots, are the Roots of Smallage, Sparagus Fenel, Parſley, and Knee-Holly. Fortified, Strengthned. Fracture, is a breaking of the Skull, Arm, Leg, &c. Frictions, Rubbings. Frontal vein, is the vein of the Fore-head. Fumigations, Perfumes; or things burnt to ſweeten a Chamber. Fuliginous, Smoaky, or footy. G. GArgariſms, Medicines to waſh the Mouth and Throat. Gangrene, is a Corruption of the part, tending to mortification. Generating, Breeding, begetting. Glandules, Kernels, ſuch as are about the Throat, and are called the Almonds of the Ears. Glutinous, Clammy, or gluy. H. HAbit of the body, Is the whole ſubſtance thereof. Hemiplegia, The Palſie on one ſide. Hereditary, From Father or Mother. Hemorrhoids, Are the Veins in the Fundament. Hemorrhagies, Is bleeding from any part. Hermetical Doctrine, Is that which is delivered by Phyſitians, who have made up their Medicines by Chymiſtry, or Diſtillation. Horrours, Shiverings. Hyppocras Bag, A Bag that it made of Woollen-cloth, in form of a Funnel, to ſtrain Medicines. Hypochondria, The parts beneath the Ribs. Hypogastrium, That part of the Belly which reacheth from the Navel, to the Hair of the Privy-Parts. Hydromel, Honey and Water. Hyſterical Sickneſs, Is Womb-ſickneſs, or Fits of the Mother. I. INanition, Emptineſs. Inflammation. Great Heat. Irritation, Provoking Infuſion, Steeping. Impulſive cauſe, Is the moving cauſe. Intervene, Come between. Inverſion, Turning the in-ſide out. Intermiſſion, By its, ceaſing, leaving off. Incarnate, To breed fleſh. Inciſion, To cut, or lay open. Impact, Thruſt, ſetled, wedged in. Indication, Is a hint to the Phyſitian, what he ought to do; as extream fulneſs of blood, gives indication of blood-letting. Inherent, Seated, ſticking, and abiding within. Inordinate, Diſorderly, unnatural. Intercepted, Stopped. Incraſſate, To thicken. Inveterate, Old, of long continuance. Infirm, Weak. Infipid, Taſtleſs. Inteſtines, The Guts. Intenſion, Increaſe, and Decreaſe. Injection, Is a Medicine caſt into the Womb, Bladder, or Fundament. Inſpiſſate Juyce, Is the Juyce of an Hearb, boiled to the thickneſs of Honey. Invaſions of the Ague, Gout, &c. are Fits of the ſame Intenſe, ſtrong, vehement. Irrigations, Waterings, Sprinklings, and Moiſtnings. Intermitting Pulſe, Is that which beats ſometimes, and then holds ſtill again. Incoctability, An unaptneſs to be concocted, or digeſted. L. LAxe, Looſe, ſlack. Laxative, Which makes the Belly looſe. Lambative, Is the ſame with Lohoch; a Medicine to be licked. Lenitive, Gentle. Ligatures, Are ſtrings, by which the Joynts of Bones and Griſtles are bound together: The ſame is uſed for an artificial binding of any part, to draw the blood and humours from the diſeaſed part, to the part that is bound. Livid, Black and blew. Looſeneſs of continuity, is the dividing of the skin and fleſh which were formerly united, as in a Wound. M. MAſticatories, Chewing Medicines to bring away Rheum. Malignity, A venemous and poyſonful quality. Matrix, The Womb. Mamillares, Nerves like Tears, which ſerve for Smelling. Malax, To ſoften. Macerate, To ſteep, or infuſe. Maturate, To ripen. Menings, Films, or Coats that cover the Brain. Meſeraick Veins, that charge Chyle from the Stomach to the Liver. Membranes, Skins, or Coats, of the Arteries and Veins. Mercurial Medicines, are ſuch as are made of Quickſilver. Meſentery, is that which holds the guts together. Morbifick, or morbifical matter, is that which is the cauſe of the Diſeaſe. Mortification, is a deading, or loſing of ſenſe in any part. Mollifie, Is to ſoften. Mundifie, Is to cleanſe. Muſilage, is made of Gum Tragacanth diſſolved in water: or by beating of any Seeds or Roots that have a flimy faculty. Muſcle, is a part which ſerves for voluntary motion of the body; it is harder and leſs ſenſible then a Sinew; and ſofter and more ſenſible then a Ligature. N. NArcotick Medicines, are ſuch as cauſe ſleep, by dulling and ſtupefying the Brain and Semes. Nauſeouſneſs, inclination to vomit. Nerves, Sinews. Nitre, Salt-peter; the true Niter is rarely found. Nidorous, Smelling of Burnt-Fat, Oyl, &c. Nocturnal Pollutions, Is when a man ſheads his Sperm in his fleep. Noxious, Hurtful. Nutrition, Nouriſhment. O. OBſtruction ſtopping. Oblîque, crooked, athwart. Obnoxious, ſubject, apt, lyable. Obſcure dark, hid, ſecret, &c. Occult, hidden, unknown. Oedema, A Flegmatick Swelling, white, and without pain, or but little pained. Omentum, The Caul that covereth the Guts. Opiate, ſignifieth any medicine, which hath Opium in it; ſometimes any ſoft Electuary, like Treacle. Optick Nerves, are the Nerves which bring nouriſhment from the Brain to the Eyes. Opthalmia, inflammation of the Eyes. Organs, Are peculiar parts, fitted for ſome notable ſervice: as the Eye, to ſee; the Ear, to hear, &c. Orifice, The Mouth or Paſſage into any thing; the hole that is made in the Vein, by letting of blood. or in a wound. Original, Foundation, or beginning. Os Sacrum, The great Hip-bone, on which the Ridgebone reſteth. Os Criboſum, Is the Bone full of holes above the Noſe, through which the Snot iſſueth. Oval, Is the ſhape of an Egg. Oxycrate, Is Vinegar and Water mingled. Oxyrrhodine, Vinegar of Roſes, and Medicines made therewith. P. PAralyſis Paraplegia, The Palſie. Paroxyſme, Is the Fit of an Ague, or any other Diſeaſe. Palliative Cure, Is the mittigating the Symptomes of a Diſeaſe. Peripneumonia, Inflammation of the Lungs. Pericranium, The skin which covereth the skull. Pellicl's, Little thin skins. Perſpicuous, Clear to be ſeen, as in a Glaſs. Peritonaeum, The inner coat of the Belly. Peccant Humours, Are the Humours that offend or cauſe the Diſeaſe. Perforated, Bored through. Periſtaltick, motion of the Guts, Is when the Guts contract themſelves, to caſt forth the Excrements. Paenineum, Is the Ridge-like ſpace between the Privities and Fundament. Prepoſterous, Unnatural, unfitting. Perturbation, Is trouble. Perſpirable, To be breathed thorough, when the Pores of the Body are open. Pernicious, Deadly, deſtructive. Penetrate, To enter. Phrenſie, Is raging and madneſs, joyned with a Feaver. Phlebotomy, Blood-letting. Phlegmon, A Swelling cauſed by blood. Pharmacopaea, A Diſpenſatory, a Deſcription of the making of all Medicines. Pia Mater, The inner Cauls and Films, which cover the Brain. Pituitous, Flegmatick. Periodical, By courſe or fits. Peſſaries, A kind of Suppoſitories made of Wooll, to be put into the Matrix. Plethorick, Too full of blood. Plenitude, Fulneſs. Pleura, The Membrane which cloatheth the Ribs on the inner ſide. Pores, Little holes in the skin, through which vapours and ſweat iſſueth forth. Potential heat or coldneſs, Is contrary to actual; which is ſo in operation, not to ſenſe. Ponderous, Weighty. Potent, Powerful. Pomander, A thing formed like an Apple to ſmell to. Prognoſtick Signs, Is, fore-telling what will become of the Diſeaſe, and the Patient. Privation, Loſs. Preternaturally, Otherwiſe than the courſe of Nature requireth. Precede, Go before. Preparing of the Humours, Is ſeparating them from the good blood, making them thin, if they be too thick; thickning them if they be too thin, to the intent they may be better evacuated. Probable, Likely. Profound, Deep. Producing, Cauſing, or breeding. Procatarctick cauſes, The primary and firſt working cauſes. Precipitated, Thrown down, caſt down. Protraction, Is lengthning out. A Pugil, is as much of Hearbs as can be taken up between the Thumb, and Fore-finger. Pulſation, is beating of the Arteries. Pupilla, is the middlemoſt round circle of the Eye, which we call the Sight. Putrid, Rotten, filthy, ſtinking. Pustula, A Puſtule, Puſh, or Whelk. Pubes, The hairy part above the privities of men and women. Pus, Matter, Corruption, filthineſs, which runs from a Boil, Impoſthume, or ſuch like: Quitter is the ſame. R. RAdical Moiſture, is the Fundamental Juyce of the body, which preſerves Natural Heat. Raucedo, Hoarſneſs. Rarefying, Making thin. Repletion, Overmuch fulneſs of blood and humour. Reſolution, Weakning, or diſſolving the ſtrength of any part. Revulſion, Drawing back blood or humours from the part affected. Repelling, Driving back the humours to the affected part. Relaxing, Slacking. Remitted, Abated, leſſened. Reſtriction, Limitation, exception. Reliques, The remainders of an Humour. Retraction, Drawing back. Retentive faculty, The power of Nature to hold or keep its nouriſhment. Reduced, Brought back again. Refractions, Breaking of the Preſentation of viſible objects. Recruited, Made up, repaired, reſtored. Reſolving Medicines, are ſuch as looſen and ſcatter humours gathered into any part. Repercuſsives, Such as drive back the Humours. Relaxation, Looſeneſs. Refrigerating, Cooling. Reſpiration, Breathing. Reflux, Flowing back again. Recipient part, Is the part which receiveth the humour offending. Regreſsion, Is going back. Reiterate, To repeat. Ruption, Breaking. S. SAnguineous, Bloody. Sanies, Matter. Saphaena, The Vein which paſſeth by the Ancle, on the in-ſide of the Foot. Scarification, Lightly cutting the skin, to draw blood by a Cupping-glaſs. Scorbutick perſons, Who are troubled with the Scurvey. Scituation, Place, or Poſture. Scirrhus, A hard Swelling without pain. Serous, Like Whey. Sediment, The Setling, or Dregs of any thing. Sealing a Glaſs, Is to make the Neck red-hot and ſoft, and work it with a pair of Tongues till it be firm, and cannot receive, or let out the Air. Seton, Is an Iſſue kept open with a Skein of Silk. Sincere, Pure, and unmixed. Sinews, or Nerves, Are ſmall Strings, which carry the faculty of Senſe and Motion from the Brain all over the Body. Spurious, Baſtard, counterfeit, not perfect. Spinal, Belonging to the Back-bone. Sphacelus, Is when the Fleſh and Bone in any part is dead. Spaſmus, Cramp. Speculum Oris, Is an Inſtrument to hold open the Mouth or Throat. Sphincter, The muſcle of the Arſe. Spadarap, A Cere-cloath. Specifick, Peculiar and hidden. Stuphs, Hot-houſes, Stows to ſweat in. Strangulation, Strangling, choaking. Sternon, The Breaſt-bone. Stupor, Dulneſs. Sternutations, Medicines to provoke Sneezing. Stupifying, Benumming, taking away the ſenſe of Feeling. State of the Diſeaſe, is when the Diſeaſe is at the height. Suppoſitory, is to be put up into the Fundament, to looſen the body. Sudorifick, That cauſeth Sweat. Subeth, Dead aſleep. Superficies, is the out-ſide of any thing. Sutures, The Seams of the Head, where the Skull is joyned. Superfluous, Too much, unneceſſary. Suppuration, is when the matter, in an Impoſthume, is inclinable to break. Suppreſsion, Stoppage. Suffocating, Choaking. Suffuſion, is a ſhedding abroad of Humours. Sulphurous, Pertaining to Brimſtone. Sympathy, is fellow-feeling: a Diſeaſe is ſaid to come by ſympathy, from the Diſeaſe of another part; as the Stomach being foul, cauſeth pains in the Head; this comes by ſympathy. Symptomes, are evil Diſpoſitions, which accompany a Diſeaſe; as Heat, Thirſt, want of ſleep, &c. are ſymptomes of a Feaver. Syſtole, and Diaſtole, are the double motions of the Pulſe; when the Pulſe falls, contracts, and ſinks under the finger, it is called Syſtole: The Diaſtole is, when the Artery riſeth, and ſtretcheth it ſelf out. T. TArtarous, is a matter hard and congealed, like Tartar. Tablets, are the ſame with Lozenges. Teſticles, the Stones of a Man, or any Male Creature. Tendons and Cords, are made of Lgaments and Nerves, that ſo the Ligaments being inſenſible, may the better ſupport the ſenſible Nerves. Terminated, Ended. Treble Weight, Thrice the weight. Thorax, The Cheſt. Tincture, is the virtue of any thing drawn by Spirit of Wine, or any other piercing Liquor. Torpor, Numbneſs. Topical Medicines, Are ſuch as are applyed outwardly. Torrified, Roſted, or toſted. Tranſpiration, The paſſage of the Humours thorough the Pores of the Body. Tranſlation, Carrying a Humour from one part to another. Tranſparentneſs, Clearneſs. Tranſverſe, Croſs. Tumor, Swelling. Turgent, Swelling, working, and full of motion. Tunicles, Little Coats, or Skins. V. VApours, Steams which ariſe from the Stomach, and other parts to the Head. Vertigo, A ſwimming in the head. Veſicatories, Medicines to draw Bliſters. Vertebrae, The turning bones of the back. Ventricles of the Brain, Is the hollow places there. Venenoſity, Poyſonfulneſs. Vehicle, That which ſerves to carry. Venery, is Letchery. Vital Functions, are the faculties of the Heart. Viſive Spirits, are the Spirits which nouriſh the Senſe of Seeing. Vitreous Humour, Serves to the making up of the Eye, and is like Molten Glaſs. Viſcuous Humours, are ſuch as cleave, and rope, like Bird-lime. Viciſſitude, The following of one thing upon the neck of another. Ulcerated, Having an Ulcer or Soar. Uvea Tunico, A Tunicle of the Eye, reſembling the skin of a Grape. Ureters, Are the Pipes which bring the Urine from the Kidneys to the Bladder. Uvula: See Columella. Unguents, Ointments. W. Water-gate, The Privities in Women. The End of the Second Table.
A Table, explaining the Names of ſuch Simples as are unknown to the Vulgar. ACacia is a Liquour drawn out of the Fruit of a Tree, called by that name, growing in Egypt, and another in Pontus; but more commonly it is taken for the Pulp of Sloes. Agarick, is a kind of Muſh-room, that groweth upon the Larch-Tree in many places of Italy, Aſia, Sileſia, &c. Althaea are Mallows which grow upon the Salt-Marſhes in this Nation. Album Graecum, is a Dog-Sturd that is white. Aloes, is the Juyce of Sea-Houſleek; it groweth in Arabia, Aſia, Sytia, and in the Indies. Ammoniacum, is a Gum, which comes from a Plant called Fenel-Gyant, growing in Africa, and many other places, and in Europe alſo. Ammcos, is the Hearb called Biſhops-weed; growing in many places of this Nation. Amber, and Ambergreeſe, is taken from the Sea. Antimony, is a Mineral. Arſnick is a kind of Oker. Aſſa Faetida, is a Gum that iſſueth out of a Plant, called Laſer-wort, growing in Media, Syria, &c. Aſarum, is an Hearb, vulgarly called Aſarabacca. Balauſtines, The Flowers of the Wild-Pomegranates. Bdellium, is a Gum of a Tree called by the ſame name; it grows in Arabia. Benjamin, or Benzoin, is a Gum. Bezoar is a Pretious Stone. Caſsia Fiſtula, is the Fruit of a large Tree, called the Caſſia Tree; it groweth in long black Pods: It groweth in Arabia, Aegypt, Syria, Armenia, and in great abundance in Hiſpaniola. Caper-Roots is the Root of the Shrub, that bears the Capers we here eat for Sawce: it grows in Arabia, Italy, Spain, France, and many other places. Caſtor, is the Beaſt called Beaver; but moſt commonly taken for his Stones uſed in Medicine. Calamus Aromaticus, is a ſweet-ſmelling Flag: There are many ſorts, and they grow in many places; as Turkey Ruſsia, Egypt, Judaea, &c. Camphire, is the Gum of a great Tree which groweth in India; that is beſt, that is white and brittle. Calcitis, A Pretious Stone, af the colour of Braſs. Cardamomes, is that which is commonly called Grains of Paradice; and it groweth upon a low Hearby Shrub in the Eaſt-Indies. Carthamus, is a Baſtard-Saffron. Cambugia, is a Gum, as ſome ſay. I know not. Carabi, is Amber. Cantharides, are Flyes, which will draw Bliſters. Ceruſe, is made of White-Lead. Cicers, are a kind of Peaſe, ſown in Gardens. China, is the Root of a Tree, which grows not onely in China; but alſo in many places of the Eaſt and Weſt-Indies. Coloquintida Apple, is the Fruit of the Bitter Gourd: its Natural Soil is Barbary; but it groweth in moſt of the Eaſtern Countries. Colophonia, A kind of Scammony: See, Scammony. Crocus Metallorum, is made of Antimony, and Salt-Peter; calcined in a crucible. Crocus Martis, and Crocus Veneris, are made, the firſt of Steel; the other, of Copper; by the Art of Alchimy. Read Paracelſus de rerum naturâ, and many other Authors. Cremor Tartari; Or, Salt of Tartar: The operation thereof, ſee Pharm. Dogm. Restitut. Querce. Page 585. Citrons, are the Fruit of the Pome-Citron, or Citron-Tree: they grow in Spain, &c. Cypreſs, is a Tree now frequently in our Gardens: its Natural Soyl is the Eaſtern-Countries, and the Northern parts of America. Diagrydium; See Scammoni. Elaterium, is the Juyce of Wild-Cucumers dryed. Euphorbium, A Tree found by King Jaba, and named by the name of his Phyſitian. Emblicks, are one ſort of the Mirabolans, which are ſix ſquare: They grow in the Eaſt-Indies Wild. Epithymum, is Dodder, growing upon Time.] Flos Sulphuris, is a Chymical preparation of Sulphur. Flegm of Vitriol, is alſo made by Chymiſts. Frankincenſe, is a Rozin. Galanga, Groweth in the Eaſt-Indies. Galbanum, is the Gum of Fenel-Gyant, which groweth in Syria. Gum Tragacanth; Or, Gum-Dragant, iſſueth from the Root of a ſmall Buſhy-Plant, called Goats-Beard. They grow in Candy, Marſelles, and Mompelier in France. Guajacum, is a Tree as big as an Oak: it grows plentifully in the Weſt-Indies. You may buy the Bark, or the Wood, ground at the Druggiſts. Hellebore, Black and White; are Hearbs growing as well in this Nation, as in many places beyond the Sea. Hermoductyls, ſome think, are the Roots of a Wild-Saffron. Hypociſtis, is a Shrub growing in Italy, Spain, France, and moſt hot Countries. Hydromel, is Water and Honey, mixed together. Jallap, is a Root like our Briony: it is a ſort of Mochoacan; it is called Black Mechoacan. It grows in the Weſt-Indies. Ireos, The Flowerdeluce. Jujubes, are the Fruit of a Tree, growing in Africa, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, and the more Eaſtern Countries. Kermes, are the Berries of the Holm-Oak, which groweth in Italy, Spain, France, and many places of Europe: Alſo, in Aſia, Africa, and America. Ladanum, is the Gum of one ſort of Hypociftis, called Gum Ciſtis. Lac Sulphuris, Is a Chymical preparation of Sulphur: See 582. page of Quercetan's Diſſenſatory. Lapis Lazuli, is a Stone of a green and a blew colour. Lapis Calaminaris, They uſe it in making of Braſs: it is aſtringent, and is uſed in Eye-waters. Lapis Haematitis, is a Blood-ſtone, and is like blood congealed. Lentils, is a ſort of Pulſe growing in many places of this Nation: ſome call them French Wheat. Lignum Vitae: See Guajacum. Lignum Aloes, is a very oderiferous wood, and groweth in the Eaſt-Indies. Linſeeds, is the ſeeds of Flax. Lithargie, is the Scum of Gold, Silver, or Lead. Lupines, There are ſeveral ſorts and colours of them grow in England: it is a kind of a Bean. Manna, is a kind of Dew, which falls upon Trees in hot Countries, like our Honey-Dews. Marſh-mallows: See Althea. Maſtick, is the Gum of the Maſtick-Tree: it groweth in hot Countries; as well in Europe, as elſewhere, moſt plentifully, and the beſt Gum groweth in Chio. Mechoacan, is whiter then Jalap, of the ſame nature. Mercury Precipitate, is a Chymical preparation of Quick-ſilver. Mirabolans, are a kind of Plums growing in the Eaſt-Indies: There are five ſorts; the Cintrine, or Yellow, Indies or Black, Chebules or Purple, Bellericks or round, Emblicks or ſix-ſquared Mirabolans. Myrrh, is a Gum. Myrtles, Grow in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, and is a Shrub, or ſmall Tree. Mummy, is man's fleſh prepared with Balſoms. Nigella, is an Hearb which is common in Gardens with us. Olibanum is a Rozin like Frankincenſe. Opopanax, the Juyce of Hercules-all-heal. Opium, is the Juyce of Poppies, or a Liquor dropping from them. Oxyerate, Vinegar and Water. Piſtachios, are the Fiſtick Nuts: they grow in the Indies, and moſt hot Countries. Polypody, is the Fearn of an Oak. Pomegranates, are a Fruit growing upon a Tree, 7 or 8 Cubits high, in Granado, Spain, Portugal, Italy, &c. Rubarb, is now planted in England; but its Natural Soil, China and the Indies: There are many ſorts. Sarſaparilla, is a prickly bind-weed: that which grows at Peru is moſt uſeful. Saſſaphras, is a large Tree: it groweth in Florida, and moſt of the Weſtern Indies, Sanders, is a great Tree: it grows in the Eaſt-Indies, Brazil, the Iſland Timor, &c. There are three ſorts, Red, White, Yellow. Sanguis Draconis; Or, Dragons Blood, is the Gum of the Dragon-Tree, which groweth in the Canary Iſlands to a goodly ſtature. Satyrimon, is a common Hearb in Meadows, and is called Dogs-Stones. Sagapenum, is the Gum of Fenel-Giant, when it groweth in Media. Sandarach, ſome call it Red-Arſenick: it is found in Gold and Silver Mines. Sarcocolla, is the Gumme of a Tree growing in Perſia. Sene, is the Leaves of a Tree of a ſmall ſtatute: it groweth in Arabia Foelix, and in Syria. Seammony, is the Juyce of an Hearb: it is a very violent purger, and an Out-landiſh Plant. Spodium, The Soot which riſeth in the trying of Braſs. Spicknard, is a low Hearb: it groweth in the Indies, Italy, France, and many other places. Staechas is the Flower of Cud-weed. Sumack, is a Forreign Tree, much in uſe, in Phyſick; in dying and dreſſing of Leather. Taca-mahaca, is a Gum. Tartar, is a ſtony ſubſtance, growing to the ſides of Wine-Veſſels. Tamarinds, Groweth upon a Tree as bi as a Plum-Tree, and is like a Kidney Bean-cod, full of a black ſubſtance, or pulp: it groweth in Arabia. Terra Sigillata, is a Sealed Earth; brought out of the Straights in little Cakes. Thapſla, is a kind of Fenel. Turbith, is a Root that purgeth Flegm. Tutty, is the heavier Soil of Braſs, that ſticketh to the top of melting Furnaces. Verdegreece, is the Flower of Braſs. The End of the Third Table.
Errata.

IN Pag. 1. Line 11. read polifical. P. 13. l. 30. dele if. P. 22. l. 29 r venakelis, p. 26. l. 9. for any in, r in any. p. 28 l. 24. for beſt, r left. p. 29. l. 24. for nutriment to all blood, r nutrimental blood. p. 32. l. 18. for the, r be, p 41. l. 15. dele of, p. 46. l. 7. for gargariſms, r muflicatories. p. 51. l. 11. for plant, r plantane. p. 63. l. 13. r prodomus, p. 69. l. 16. dele of, p. 75. l. 18. r glandules, p. 80. l. 24. r Diacodium, & l 30. r Gum Tacamabaca, p. 84. l. 17. r Diaprunum Solutive, p. 85. l. 18. r Sarſaparilla, p. 86. l. 19. r glaſſie, p. 87. l. 30. r for incurable, curable, p. 89. l. 12. r bodies, & l. 15. after the word glaſs, put(:). dele the points after perfect, & l. 25. for though a clad, r through a cloud, p 94. l 14. r Luſitanus, & l 19. r Lupinmeal, p. 96 18. r aſtringent, & l 16. 1 when, & l 17. r cloath, p 108. l 21. r ophthalmy, p 121. l 2. for of on the, r of the, p 179. l 21. for he, r the, p 182. l 6. for Celegma r Relegma, p 187 l 28. for out two ſcruples, r or two ſcruples of, p 139. l 32. r proved, p 143. l 9. r that r the, p 149. l 15. r Errhines, in p. 190. l 12, r want of nouriſhment, p 192. l 29. r Fleabane: laſt line, r grounding, p 193. r Lohoch è Pulmone vulpis, p 198. l 4. after not, inſert(:). p 202. r or appetite, p 223. l 10. r for Phlegm, Phlegmon, p 229. l 10. r Parſly peart. p 237. l 16. r aſtringent quality, p 253. l 24. for un, r an. p 256. l 16. for Sumen, r ſume. p 258. l 5. r added at the laſt, of each one ounce; l the laſt but one, r Apozem. p 269. l 8. r in the former chap. p 274. l 29. r beginning of a Dropſie, in the chap. of the Dropſie; for p 265. r 275. & l 30. for Julep roots, r Jalap roots. p 276. l 5. r Mecoacan; l 10. for point, r pint, l 30. for of oyl of Camomel, r Oyl of Camomel, p 279. for Chap. 58. r chap. 59. p 296. l 8. for cough-graſs, r couch-graſs. p 323. l 18 r Maſtich, p 342. l 31. for glowing, r glewing, p 352. l 9. after breach, r forward, & p 353. l 10. for their, r her. p 373. l 8. r Panados, p 374. l 30. r Scammoniate, p 382 l. 5. r fits come every day, p 403. l 6. r Leek-ſeed, p 404. for ſtapes, r ſtuphs, p 408. l 21. r Litharge, p 410. l 1. for burnt, r hurt, p 411. l 15. for heal, r help, p 414. l 5. for aſtali, r os tali, p. 421. l 6. for pilleth, r pitteth, p 425. l 1. for antient, r antecedent. Chap. 9. of the 3d book, read for p. 412. 432. p 434. l 2. for humours, r inward parts. p 437. r Meliſeris, p 450. l 5. r 1657. from 452. to the end of the following ſheet, the page is miſtaken, for 153. r 453. and ſo forwards; p 477. l 19. for wounds in children, r worms in children, p 478. l 5. r Solutivus, pag. 485. l 5. r Sal Gem. p 488. l 23. r penids, p 489. l 20. for burnel, r burnet, p 492. l 8. r penids, p 493. l 1. read placentulae, p 495. l 9. r Alkekengi.