Altering Apozems, or Decoctions.

THat is called an altering Apozem or Decocti­on which hath a vertue to alter the body, and things contained in it, especially the Humours, without that visible evacuation which is usually called purging.

Such altering Apozems either alter the body in the qualities only, and these are properly called alterers in general, or else as they are made of divers simples relating to each particular part, they are termed cephalical, cordial, hepatical, &c. and these deserve to be accounted specifical alter­ers.

Or else (and that usually) they are given to make way for a succeeding purge, and free the bo­dy from obstructions, and these are called opening Apozems.

They alter humors either in the first or second qualities, and that either without intention of purging, and these are called simply altering apo­zems, as heating, &c. or else also in the second qualities, and with intention of future purging, and these are generally called preparers; or else as they have relation to particular humors, they [Page 3]are specially termed preparers of phlegme, Chol­er, &c.

To these Apozems are to be referred divers de­coctions, which are used to provoke the courses, Urine, & sweat, as those water-wasting Medicines hereafter to be mentioned.

But enough of them; in an altering Apozem these three things (as most relating to a method of Physick) are to be chiefly considered, viz. 1. Composition: 2. Use or manner of prescribing. 3. Benefit gained by them.

In Composition six things are diligently to be considered.

• 1. The matter out of which the vertues are to be drawn.
• 2. The Liquor into which it is to be convey­ed, and the ingredients to be put thereinto.
• 3. The decoction, both in boyling and after.
• 4. What things are to be dissolved in it.
• 5. The clarifying of it.
• 6. The aromatizing or seasoning it with spi­ces, &c. to make it grateful.

In the Matter these three things are to be regard­ed: 1. The Quality. 2. The Quantity. 3. The rea­son and order in the prescription.

Concerning the quality: the matter or ingre­dients, prescribed in Apozems or other decocti­ons, are chiefly roots, barks, woods, leaves, seeds, fruits, flowers, spices.

The quantity or Dose in which the afore­said things are prescribed are thus to be mode­rated.

Roots are not to exceed 4 ounces, or six at the most.

Barks (if they go into the comp [...]sition) one ounce, o [...] 2 ounces at most.

Woods in the same quantity.

Leaves are to be not above 8 large handfuls, or 10 at most.

Seeds to one ounce, or an ounce and half, seldom to 2 ounces.

Fruits are either the lesser sort, as Raisins &c. which are prescribed two several wayes, either in weight, as from one ounce to two ounces, or else in number, and that usually by pairs, as to 4.6.10.20 pair.

Or the greater, & then they are prescribed on­ly in number, either even or odd, if they be of the greatest sort, (as Apples sliced, &c.) then 1, 2, 3, &c. but if they are less, as Figgs, &c. they are prescri­bed by pairs, a ♃ ficuum ping-paria 20, &c.

Flowers, from Pugil. 4 to 6.

Spices are better added in the seasoning then in the boyling; yet if it seem requisite, in purging Apozems you may prescribe them from two drams to half an ounce at most.

Concerning the order of the prescription: as they are to be prepared by the Apothecary, so ought they to be prescribed by the Physitian, viz: first roots, (then barks and woods, if any be ad­ded.) 2 Leaves. 3 Seeds. 4 Fruits. 5. Flowers, and with them the spices last of all.

The Liquor in which these are to be boyled is to be considered, either in quality or quanti­ty.

In relation to the quality, it is varied according to the intention of the physitian; but gener­ally fountain, or the best wel water is prescribed to the decoction of most Apozems. Yet oftentimes [Page 5]when the intention is to cool and cleanse (as in cholerick affections) they prescribe barly water; but if to attenuate, cut, and cleanse, and heat, as in phlegmatick affections, then the smaller sort of Mead; in Melancholick distempers Whey, and sometimes in obstructions of the Intrals chalibe­ated water: and sometimes the decoctions are prescribed by Physitians to be made in Wine and Water, of each like quantities; but it is better to add wine only in the latter end.

The Quantity of the Liquor is seldom prescrib­ed by the Physitian, onely by q. s. or as much as is sufficient: yet it vvere to be lookt to, that by adding too much Liquor the things might not be over-boyled, to reduce it to a reasonable pro­portion, or by taking too little, the vertues not sufficiently extracted &c.

DECOCTION: The ingredients being recited, and ordered how to be managed, are prescribed to be made into a decoction by a fiat Decoct: &c. to wit, in the Liquor afore mentioned, which is commonly singly set down without determining to what quantity the Liquor ought to be wasted; yet usually it is prescribed to vvhat quantity it should be consum'd, as fiat decoct. &c. to one pint, or one pint and a half, &c: either way is allowa­ble, so that the Decoction being finished it be pre­scribed to take of the decoction strained, a pint, or a pint and a half, &c. for Apozems are usual­ly intended for four Doses; and if you take one pint and a half, there wil be for every Dose about 4 ounces and a half more or less; but if you intend it for five Doses, prescribe 20 ounces and no more, for else it is apt to corrupt or mould before it be spent.

Things to be dissolved in these Decoctions are either to help them to keep the longer, or to give them the better relish, or to add strength and effi­cacy to them; and in all these we must consider both quality and quantity.

In respect of their quality, either it is 1. some syrup only, and that such as is proper both for the disease and part affected, and this should always be added, both because it helps to sweeten the de­coction, and imparts its own virtues to it; by which means are also helped the defects of the Apozem it self; and other faults which may arise, either by the carelesnes, covetousness, or malice of the Apothecary, are much prevented.

2. Sugar alone in some affections, and humors as wel hot as cold.

3. Syrup and Sugar together.

4ly. Or Honey, which is profitable in all cold affections of the Head and breast, and in the vvin­ter; and this is used either simply, or Medicat­ed: i: e: altered by the infusion of some simples or other, as honey of Roses, honey of Rosemary flowers, &c. in affections of the head proceeding from abundance of slimy flegm.

5ly. Besides these sweetners, one or two of which are alwayes to be mixt with every apo­zem, there are oftentimes very commodious­ly (to make it the more effectual) mixed with them;

Either the juyces of divers herbs, according to the several intentions of the Physician: as the juyces of Fumitory and Hops, in Melancholy; of Borage and Bugloss, if choler be mixed with it; as also the juyces of Sorrel or Mercury in divers affe­ctions of the Womb, and suppression of the Termes &c.

Or the juyces of fruits, and those for the most part acid, as the juyce of Limons, in cholerick; the juyce of Pippins, in Melancholick; and of Pome­granats, in cholerick distempers where Urine is also to be provoked;

Or juyces in more vulgar use, as 1 Vinegar in ho [...] and cholerick affections, which powerfully extinguisheth heat, or else to open obstructions, though cold ones; and also to cut and make thin gross humors; yet because it is hurtful to the Womb, in Women you must abstain from the use of it. 2. Wine in cold affections and tempers, in gross and clammy humors, obstructions, or when you would have the vertue of the Medicine penetrate far into the body. 3. Aqua vitae, &c. to the same intention that Wine is added.

Note that when juyces or other Liquors are to be dissolved in your Apozems, then sugar alone is usually chosen to sweeten it, very seldom sy­rups.

The quantity of things to be dissolved dif­fers according to the nature of them. Sweetners are usually dissolved from 4 ounces to six oun­ces at most; so that every dose of the Apozem may have between an ounce, and an ounce and half in every Dose, which is the common quan­tity for doses.

But where syrup and sugar are mixed together, the quantity of the syrup is for the most part a­bout three ounces, and the sugar prescribed only with a q.s. is left to the palate of the Patient to de­termine.

Juyces and other strong Liquors, as Vinegar, A­qua vitae, &c. are prescribed from one ounce to two ounces at the most; these also may first [Page 8]be dissolved with the quantity of your sweet­ners.

Clarifying, and Aromatizing.

THese are usually prescribed thus, Fiat Apo­zema clarificatum & aromatizatum pro qua­tuor dosibus, i: e: let your apozem be clarified, a­romatized, and prepared for four doses.

Of clarification see hereafter.

IN the Aromatizing or spicing two things are to be considered, the quality and quantity of your spices.

In relation to the quantity, either it is done with some simple spice, as in a cooling Apozem with yellow, or red Saunders; in a heating Apozem, usually with Cinnamom, (you may also add Gin­ger and Saffron, in Melancholy affections, or where the Termes are to be provoked) but in cold affections of the breast, powder of the root of Ireos Florentine is much used. Or else with some compound powder of the shops; as in hot distempers, with the spices of Diatrion Santalon; and in cold diseases the spices of Aromaticum Ro­satum, &c.

The quantity of spices for aromatizing your A­pozem, is, if it be a simple spice, from one dram to two drams; but if it be with the compound spices, from one dram to a dram and a half wil suffice.

The use or form of prescribing is this.

℞. i: e: Take &c. (viz. the matter or ingredi­ents) make a decoction in s. q. of the Liquor be­fore-mentioned, take of the decoction strained, &c. make an Apozem clarified and aromatized with, &c. for four doses in several mornings, or for evenings two hours before meat.

The utility or benefit of this form of Medicine is evident; for being liquid the humors that are to be altered (or purged, as hereafter) or other affections deeply rooted in the body are by this form easier penetrated unto, and by the virtue of the Medicine, and fluidness of its form dissol­ved, and made more obedient; besides the drought of the body is tempered, Melancholy obstructions the easier melted and dissolved, and the body made fitter to receive the vertue of succeeding Medicines.

But more especially an altering Apozem serves chiefly for

1. Preparation, to render the succeeding purging easie and succesful, which consists in two things, the preparation of the humors, and the body; for they are prescribed for the concoction of the hu­mors, or preparation of them in the first and se­cond qualities, by heating cold humors, attenu­ating and cutting gross humors, by cleansing the clammy and viscid, tempering theservent, incras­sating those which are too thin, that by the Coope­ration of the purge attracting, and nature expel­ling, they may be the easier exterminated; as to the preparation of the body, by opening obstru­ctions, and making the body it self permeable, [Page 10]and passable, that the humor may have an easie course, it renders the following purge prosperous, to the commodity and ease of the sick party.

2ly. For alteration either of the humors or bo­dy, without regard to any purge, when the parts are to be reduced to their former temper divers wayes, but chiefly by heating and cooling; and the humors also, especially hot & boyling Choler; or the other humors also by other reasons with these instead of Juleps may be fitly altered.

3ly. In opening Obstructions, if they proceed from gross adust humors; else if they rise from cold humours, let your Apozem be purging

4ly: For moving Ʋrines, cleansing the Reins, and clearing them from gravel.

5ly. For provoking the Termes although two pur­gers conducing to the same purpose are usually mixed with them.

Here is to be noted, that of late amongst modern practisers, tis usual to make all Apozems both pur­ging and altering at once, as shal be said, and in the place of altering Apozems, Juleps, or broths are for the most part used; but simply altering Apozems in continual Fevers, hot distempers of the parts and hu­mors; and also in moving of Ʋrine, in extinguishing the fervency of the Reins, and other parts, and consuming the relicks of the Morbifical causes which in the decli­nation of Fevers is most usually done by Ʋrines.

But Apozems are for the most part prescribed in the Spring and Fal; as also in the summer, be­cause at these times Herbs flourish, and are ready at hand: they may also be prepared in winter of the parts of Herbs dryed, with greater efficacy if they may be had; else we must use syrups and Juleps, which are instead of Apozems, though not so efficacious.

A purging Apozem.

A Purging Apozem which is now most in use and not unknown of old to Mesues, is so called because at once it both prepares the hu­mours, and empties those which are already con­cocted, and this at divers times, (viz: 4 or 5) sensibly, by that operation which is called Epicra­sis, by the virtue of those Medicines which are properly called purgers, and is most agreeable in long diseases, arising from copious and stubborn humors.

And this Apozem according to the several na­ture of the humour it is appropriated to, is either Phlegmagogum, Melanagogum, Cholagogum, or Hy­dragogum.

In this sort of Apozems three things are to be considered, the Composition, the Ʋse, and the Pro­fit.

In the Composition two things are to be re­garded. 1. The ingredients by which it is made purgative. 2. Those things that are to be dissol­ved in it.

The matter or ingredients by which it is made purging, are simple purgers with their corre­ctives, according to the variety of the humour they are intended for, either boyled together with the matter of the decoction, or boyled in the decoction, or else only infused in it.

In these three things are to be regarded the qua­lity, quantity, and order of prescription either for boyling or mixing.

In relation to the Quality note that those pur­ging simples which are only boyled are these, Senna, Polypody, Carthamus, Turbith, Hermodactils, Agarick Epithymum, Hellebor, Spurge, and the seeds of dwarf Elder.

But those which use only to be infused, or very little boyled, are RHEUBARB, Myrobolans, Tamar­inds, and sometimes Cassia.

Concerning their quantity, they ought to be pre­scribed in such a proportion that it may serve for four or five doses, but in general because the purging vertue by boyling either may vanish, or not be sufficiently extracted, every purging sim­ple ought to be prescribed in much greater quan­tity then otherwise, viz: double to the quantity they are given in substance, if they are the strong­er sort; or treble, or quadruple, if they are of the middle sort of purgers; or a fix-fold proportion in the gentlest sort: yet are they so to be prescribed that to two parts of the gentlest sort of purgers you must add but one part of the strongest, and al­most in every purging Apozem let these three be prescribed as the basis of the decoction in a plen­tiful proportion, viz: Senna, Polipody, and Cartha­mus: let others be added according to the diver­fity of the humor; but in a lesser proportion, from one ounce to an ounce and half at most, in the in­terim having regard to the nature of the humor, as also its distemper, either in first or second qua­lities; and lastly, its quantity, in like manner, to the temper and constitution of the body, the cu­tom of purging, natural inclination, condition of [Page 13]the country, time of the year, weather, sex and age, and al other things limiting a Legitimate purging, and to those things that may make easie or difficult the succeeding purgation; and accor­dingly the stronger or weaker purgers are to be given in the greater or less quantity.

More specially therefore these three are to be cho­sen for the fundamentals of almost every purg­ing Apozem, (for they are convenient in Apo­zems that purge, Phlegm, and Melancholy, and waterish humors, and that purge Choler also, where Senna is chiefly necessary) which things are wont to be prescribed thus at Mompelier.

Take the leaves of Oriental Senna,

The pith of the seed of Carthamus,

Polypody of the Oak new gathered, ana: two oun­ces, two ounces and a hal [...], three ounces for the ground of the decoction; yet so that sometimes you may prescribe a bigger quantity of one, sometime of the other, according as your intention is to purge this or that humor most.

But if Flegme be to be evacuated, to the a­foresaid basis or foundation you may add of Gummy choice Turbith ha [...] an ounce, or six drams.

Hermodactils half an ounce, or 6 drams.

Agarick newly made into Trosches tyed up in a lawn rag, half an ounce, or six drams; (and sometimes) Rheubarbtyed also in a ragg half an ounce, or six drams; or else it may be infused by it self and afterward the infusion added.

Yet you need not add Turbithor Hermodactils, unless you have a purpose to purge very strongly, or draw humors from the remotest parts; other­wise the two last may suffice.

But if Melancholy be to be emptied (if you wil leave out Carthamus from the aforesaid basis, augmenting the quantity of the others) let these be added.

Epithymum of Crete six drams, or 1 ounce.

The roots or shavings of black Hellebor 2 drams, or half an ounce, (but this seldom, and onely in stubborn Melancholy.)

But Agarick and Rheubarb are oftner mixed with things that purge Melancholy, perhaps be­cause these durable obstructions are fomented by clammy muscilaginous humors.

If choler be to be gently purged, you shal add to Senna (prescribed alone for your basis, to cleanse adust excrements.).

Tamarinds an ounce and half, or two ounces.

Choice Rheubarb, &c. as before, half an ounce, or 6 drams.

The bark of citrine myrobalans (rubbed with oyl of sweet Almonds) half an ounce.

Yet 'tis better onely to infuse the Myroba­lans, lest they should impart to the Apozem a great­er astriction then you intend.

But if watrish and serous humors are to be drawn away, to the aforesaid basis you shal joyn.

The roots of Ireos common one ounce.

The middle bark of Elder or Danewort two drams, or 3 drams.

The leaves of Soldanella. M. j.

Hermodactils half an ounce.

The roots of Mechoacan infused by it self half an ounce.

Spurg (where you would purge strongly) prepared with Vinegar one dram.

The purgers of Phlegm also before spoken of may be added.

To these purgers you must joyn their correctors as before; but the dose of them is from two drams to half an ounce.

As to the order of prescribing & boyling, pur­gers in the prescription of an Apozem are placed after the fruits, before the flowers, and the spices or the correctors immediatly after the purgers; nevertheless Polypody, because it is alwayes boy [...] ­ed in the beginning, may also be prescribed at first among the roots.

Things to be dissolved in the strained decoction are either dissolved as sweetners only, as those be­fore numbred in the Altering Apozem, and in the same quantity there mentioned, viz: when the de­coction of the Apozem of it self is sufficiently pur­gative: but if on the contrary it be but gently pur­ging, other catharticks are to be dissolved in the decoction strained; in which also are to be con­sidered their quality, and quantity.

Concerning their quality they are either pur­ging syrups, and that alwayes if you dissolve no sweetners in it, as syrup of Roses solutive, for cholerick and serous humors; as also (according to the received practice) in al others; syrup of Succory compound, in cholerick humors; syrup of Fumitory, in the aforesaid, and Melancholy.

Or the juyce of Damask Roses newly expres­sed, or the compleat infusion of them, (which is most usual in the spring; in those cautionary pur­gations of the cholerick, and them which abound with serous humours) but then you must also pre­scribe sugar as much as is sufficient.

And these are prescribed to be presently dis­solved in the strained liquor.

Or else are they Electuaries of the shops, either in the form of opiates, as usually in the phlegma­tick, Diaphoenicum, which is also profitable in the cholerick and bastard Tertians: in merely chole­rick, Diaprunum simple, and solutive; Electuary de Psillio, when to be had, and sometimes Manna-These are prescribed to be dissolved only in the last Dose, and that in the time of present use, if the Apozem be not sufficiently purging of it self, otherwise abstain from them.

Concerning their quantity, Syrups may be dissolved to four ounces, or 6 ounces, the juyce or infusion of Roses to four ounces, opiats and tabu­lets to two drams, or 3 drams, according as either they or the Apozem are more forcible.

The use and form of prescription is the same with that of the altering Apozem; in this onely it differs, because it is said, Take, &c. Let it be made an Apozem clarified, (or if we desire it the stronger, not clarified) and aromatized, &c. for four doses in the morn­ings, in the last of which dissolve some Electuary (when your intention is to eradicate, or when your Apozem hath not sufficiently purged) and so make it into a potion.

It differs also, if before the use of your Apozem a moderate purge should be given, then is said in the prescription for four morning doses, in the first and last of which dissolve such an Electuary, &c. and make a potion.

Touching the Commodity, Apozems of late are at once purgers and alterers, for so by little they prepare and concoct the humors, which because they cannot at once be wholly eradicated, are thus by parcels, per epicrasin, drawn forth without vi­olence; A happy remedy in lasting Chronical dis­eases which are fomented by an abundance of Phlegmatick and Melancholy humors: these be­ing the fountain of rebellious and contumacious affections are by this art rooted out; in hot disea­ses proceeding from fervent humors they are less needful; and if at any time they seem necessary, they are to be composed of the gentler sort of purgers of choler, if it be much; for a smal quan­tity of matter needs not a divided evacuation, but being simply altered may easily be rooted out with one evacuation; they are also esteemed most convenient in the declination of diseases, to draw away the Reliques, and in preservation to prevent diseases.

But it is now generally received, that before the use of this sort of Apozems, some Minorative Me­dicine may be first prescribed, to diminish the hu­mors either in the form of a potion, bole or pils, and afterwards by leisurely purging in this man­ner to prepare them to be wholly eradicated.

The Purging Medicinal Wine.

THat is called a Medicinal purging Wine which being impregnated with the virtues of divers purging sim [...]les, is prepared to purge either one humor alone or more

1. In regard o [...] its composition it is either simple consisting of one simple Cathartick together with his correctors or commound, which is made of many pur­gers together with their correct [...]rs, or in which are al­so infused divers [...]lterers, respecting the part affected or humor to be purg [...]d.

2. In respect of the quality of the purgers them­selves, and the humers to be evacuated, one is an uni­versal purger, others &c.

3. La [...]ly it [...] made without sweetning or spicing, of the aforesaid things onely, and is simply called a purging Medicinal Wine; or else 'tis over and above swee [...]ned with Sugar, and seasoned with spice, and strained divers times thorow a Hypocras bagg: and is called purging Claret, or purging Hypocras (for that term absolutely taken signifies a Wine prepared for pleasure.)

In it three things are to be co [...]i [...]lered, the Com­position, the [...]se, and the profit.

In the COMPOSITION three things are to be examined.

1. The Wine of which 'tis made.

2. The things to be infused in it.

3. The things that are sometimes dissolved in it.

In all these we must consider both the quality and quantity.

The WINE in respect of its quality is either new and uncleansed, which is otherwise called Must, which is much commended for this pur­pose, because by the protection of its colour, and working heat, the colour and taste of the ingredi­ents are the better obscured; or else Wine cleans­ed from the lees, and kept for use, either red or white.

But in relation to the quantity, this in general is limited by the use and dose; as, if the use be to continue long or short time, or the dose to be a larger or a Iess quantity; as thus, it may exceed the things that are to be infused, eight, six, four, or three times their weighty but those which add 12 times their weight do it in favour to them that love bibbing, perhaps not with respect to the in­tention. And it wil be alwaies best to let the dose for a purging Wine be as little as you can in quantity, that it may be the less, and more ac­ceptable.

But in special, they usually define the quantity of Wine and things to be infused in it, thus; A purging Wine that is to be prescribed is to be used twelve dayes, either together, or every other day; in which you must be sure to have twelve several doses of the purgers with their correctors, and if it [...]e needful fit alterers; then must you compute the quantity of them all, as for example, suppose them 8 ounces, now if you [Page 96]would have the dose o [...] the Wine to be about an ounce and a half, or two ounces, prescribe it to 3 times their weight; and so for other quantities as you please; by the same way and reasons you may proceed as you see fit: but if the Wine be purely purging, made of the gentler sort of Catharticks, 'tis to be taken four, five, or six times, allowing requisite internals, as in the magisterial sy­rups.

The things to be infused in respect of their qua­lity, are 1. either purgers onely, with their corre­ctors, (among which Cinnamom is chiefly used for pleasantness of the spice; as also Calamus Aroma­ticus of the shops for its fragrant smel) either one or more: and these are to be chosen such as are not of a very strange and unpleasant taste; such are Senna, Polipody, Epithymum, black Hellebor, (especi­ally for Melancholy persons) Carthamus, Turbith, Hermodactils, (for the phlegmatick) Scammony, Cassia, and Manna sometimes, (for the cholerick and sweet palated, though seldom) Me choacan, and the seeds of dwarf Elder, (for purging serous humors;) of the which Wines may be prepared to purge any humors; either of some of these single, or (for the mixture of humors, and complication of intent i­ons) of divers joyned together.

2. Or else with them are also infused divers alterers dryed, as Woods, Roots, Barks, Leaves, Seeds, Flowers, spices either fewer or more, such as respect the humor, or part, whereby the wind is rendred more familiar to it, and generally the Germans (because they are pleased with it) mix wormwood with it.

In relation to the quantity (whether it be a simple purging Wine, or made of more things) [Page 97]the number of doses for which the wine is prepar­ed shal direct you, as for example: a Wine of Senna is desired for twenty doses; now the dose of Senna an infusion is half an ounce, or six drams; therefore ten ounces or fifteen of it is to be prescribed, ad­ding correctors in the proportion aforesaid.

If the Wine be prepared of many purgers both gentle and strong, and also alterers joyned with them; this proportion is for the most part to be generally observed.

Of the gentle sort of purgers let there be one part.

Of the stronger sort, a quarter so much as com­monly it is (though you may add them to a third part or to half, it matters not so you finde out the right dose of the Wine,) of Correctors, a quarter so much as of purgers, or else to a third part, if the purgers are the strongest sort.

Alterers should be half so much as the purgers, or a third part (if very effectual, as dryed Roots, Seeds, and Spices especially) marking this, that dryed Leaves are to be prescribed by handfuls, ounces, and drams; And flowers by pugils, and ounces also, and drams.

THINGS that are to be DISSOLVED, in respect of their quality (if perhaps the taste or smel doth not please the curious palated) are Sugar, some certain spices, especially Cinnamom, which are cast into the Wine (if it be much;) or if a smal quan­tity, they are put into a Hypocras bag g, and the Wine often poured thorow them, and is made in­to a purging Hypocras.

As to their quantity: for every pound of pur­ging Wine you may add 3 ounces, or 4 ounces of Sugar, and two drams of Cinnamom; as the Apo­zems, [Page 98]Juleps. Hypocrass, &c. are wont to be made and aromatized.

As to the USE: in it two things are chiefly to be considered, how much, and when.

As to the quantity or dose of Wine to be drank which is not alwayes one but divers, and which (of whatsoever quantity of purgers or Wine you compose your Wine withal) you shal thus find out, and exactly define.

Measure your Medicinal Wine when you strain it, and shift the vessels, and by the measure collect the weight; or else by some other means; And (as for example) suppose it to be three pound, and this was made purgative with four ounces of Senna, two ounces of Polypody: of Epithymum and black Hellebor of each an ounce and a half, there being one ounce, or an ounce and half of corre­ctors also added over and above; Now because all these infused suffice for seventeen doses, they are also sufficient for seventeen times; then if you divide it into so many doses, you may find it out without error, and the true dose of it wil be two ounces, if you would purge strongly, for once; but if you would purge often and gently for some dayes together, half that dose wil suffice.

As to the time when; because a Medicinal Wine is usually destined for tedious, stubborn, and especially cold affections, (such as many are that have had continuance from dreggy mucilagi­nous humors) whose causes cannot suddenly, but must by little and little be taken away; therefore the use of it is to be continued for divers dayes (especially in the winter time, to 10, 15, or 20 together, or every other day, like the usual pils; so may this also be drank in the morning, or two [Page 99]hours before dinner: but if it be not intended for this kinde of purging (which is called Epicrasis,) but that you would give it for once to work strongly; the use of it wil be the same as of your other eradicators in the morning, when the indi­cation of purging shall require; or if it be pre­scribed instead of your purging magisterial syrup the use is the same with that once or twice in a moneth, in the morning like other purgers.

The FORM of Prescribing may easily appear from the manner of compounding it.

The UTILITY: as to the benefit arising from this form, whether you look upon the virtues of the simples infused that are to be extracted, & which the Wine doth copioufly attract to it self, or the conveighing them into the most intimate parts of the body, by the help of its piercing spirit: or whether you consider the familiarity of it with our nature; which makes it be friendly received by her; or its formal essence, what affinity it hath by its very substance with the radical moisture, heat, and spirit of the solid parts of our body, for which cause it easily is converted into them, and united with them, carrying with it the virtues of those simples steeped in it, I say considering all these, it cannot but be to our great benefit: so that whether it be to purge, and seperate the dreg­gy humors, confused with the rest of the humours, spirits, and solid parts, it can do it perfectly, by the familiarity it hath with our nature, whereby it may insinuate it self, and the virtues it is imbued withal; or whether it be to alter divers wayes, ei­ther to cleanse away the relicks of the foregoing impurities, or restore the natural vigour by appro­priat means, or to strengthen the parts: either of [Page 100]these are this way effectually performed through the sympathy it hath with nature, and is united to it, together with the Medicinal virtues it car­ries with it.

But though the benefit of Medicinal VVine be so great, yet 'tis not so frequently used in all re­gions, nor at all times of the year; but is most u­sual with them that inhabit cold Countries, and chiefly in the Winter, Spring, and Autumn.

In general, 'tis good in a cold time of the year, a cold Country, and cold temper of the body, &c. as is specially profitable in chronical affections, & a cold time of the year for delicate palated per­sons, and is prescribed against paleness of colour, difficulty of breathing, confirmed obstructions of the bowels; and for them that are also paralytical, though VVine be forbidden to them, (in which respect wine made of Honey would be much better) in affections of the stomack, and weak­nesse arising from crude cold humors, VVorm­wood-wine made purging would be excellent.

The Medicinal altering Wine.

UNder the notion of altering Wines are contained Wines imbued with divers faculties, which both respect certain parts, break the relikes of humors left behinde blot out the remainder of diseases, and also specifically corroborate (as of simple Wines) are Sage wine for cold affections of the brain, Hysop and Elecampane wine for the Breast, and worm­wood wine which is familiar to the stomack.) As al­so they which evacuate, yet without a purger, (as Wines prescribed to move sweat, break the Stone, provoke Ʋrine, and the courses;) as also those which [Page 101]excite, cherish, and confirm the virtues of the principal parts; as those which are made of spices to strength­en.

And this is (as the purging Wine) in respect of its composition either simple or compound.

In respect of its essect, either altering the body, hu­mors, or spirits, in the first second or third qualities or else strengthening.

Moreover, 'tis made either without sweetning, or spicing, and is simply called a Medicinal altering Wine; or else is seasoned with such things, and let often run thorow a Hypocras bagg, as above, and is cal­led a Claret or Hypocras, although these names belong to such as are made for pleasure.

In it three things are to be weighed, the Compo. only sition, the Ʋse, and the Ʋtility.

The COMPOSITION is the same with that of the purging Wine; either 'tis made with Must, (when the use is to continue long, for the alter­ing of chronical and stubborn affections,) & one simple medicament dryed; or of more, respecting the affection, humor, and part affected with a particular propriety; or else with wine defe­cated.

But what ought to be the proportion of the must, and dryed ingredients, is before declared in the purging wine; yet you may add (because altering wines may be taken in a larger quantity, and ought to be so) a greater quantity of wine then in the former, to ten times, or a 11 times the quanti­ty of the ingredients.

But the quantity both of wine and ingredients is to be limited by the dose that is to be taken ei­ther greater or less, by the short or long conti­ance of its use. Lastly by the quality of the sim­ples, [Page 102] [...] [Page 103]either weak, or effectual, as that which spices in art to it.

We have said before that this sort of Wines when they are passed thorow a hypocrass bagg, and sweetned, are called clarets.

Hither also belongs that which is otherwise called Hypocras absolutely, which is also cor­roborating, composed of divers spices, pleasant both in smel and taste; as of Cinamom, Ginger, Grains of paradise, Cardamomes, Pepper, infused to two drams in one pound of claret Wine, for some hours, afterwards strained thorow a Hypo­cras bagg divers times, adding sugar s. q. viz: two ounces or three ounces; but ' [...]is generally ma [...]e Iess compounded of Cinamom only, but if in stead of sugar the Wine be relished with hony, 'twil be vere profitable in cold affections, where vvine alone is hurtfull, as in the Palsey, &c. the honey working most effectually; and this is called Oeno­mel, or honied Wine; and also Mulsum, which the Ancients used much, made of one part of honey, and two or three parts of VVine, Spices also being added if need required, either to the quantity of half a part, or to one fourth part, or one fifth part.

The USE contains these two questions: how much, and when?

As to the time when, it may be given every day, or every other day, or interposing a longer time, according as the disease requires, 1, two or three hours before dinner.

As to the quantity or dose, that is moderated according to the quality and quantity of the in­gredients, and the divers proportion of the wine they are infused in; as when the ingredients infu­sed [...]

In it three things are to be considered, Com­position, Ʋse, and utility.

In the COMPOSITION also three.

1. The matter of which stamped the milky juyce is drawn forth of.

2 The liquor with which it is milked out.

3. Things to be dissolved in it.

In all these the quality and quantity are to be considered.

The MATTER in relation to its quality are both fruits, as Almonds, viz: the sweet, blanched, and also seeds, viz. the 4 greater cold seeds, of which emulsions are every where usually made.

To these are sometimes added both fruits, as the kernels of pine nuts in affections of the breast, or where we would moysten, and also restore, as in Hectick; and also seeds, as usually of white pop­py, Lettuce, and Purslane, when we would either-provoke sleep, or cool more effectually, or thicken thin & hot humors, and temper their acrimony.

In respect of their quantity, both fruits and seeds are in general prescribed from one ounce to three ounces, but in special, there may be of fruits, an ounce and half or two ounces; of seeds, one ounce, or an ounce and half.

The LIQUOR with which this milky sub­stance is drawn forth, in relation to his quality is either fair water, or some simple distill'd wat­er; or usually the decoction of whole Barley, es­pecially where we desire to cleanse; or ptisan, that is, the second decoction of huld barly, after the first w [...]ter is thrown away, or else the decoction of li­quorice, where we, would lenifie; or the decoction of other pleasant things tending to the same pur­pose.

In regard of the quantity for every particular dose, three ounces, or four ounces wil suffice; hence (because Emulsions are for the most part prepar­ed only for three doses, for 'twil not be kept longer without corrupting) you may prescribe 9 ounces, or one pound.

Things to be DISSOLVED, in relation to their quality, are sometimes Sugar alone; or as it is ge­nerally received, some fit Syrup pleasant to the taste, that may moisten, lenifie, and cool, as Syrup of Violets, and Maidenhair.

Sometimes to make it the more pleasant, there is added some Rose-water.

They also which dissolve Manus Christi made and with Pearls do very wel.

As to the quantity of sweetners, one ounce, or an ounce and half at most wil serve for one dose; an ounce, or an ounce and half of Rose-water wil serve for the whole Emulsion, and a dram of Manus Christi for every dose.

The USE: in it three things are to be consi­dered, the manner how, the quantity how much, and the time when.

As to the manner; 'tis taken either by it self in the form of a drink, or else 'tis often prescribed; 3 ounces, or 4 ounces of it with the broth of a chick altered with appropriat things.

As to the quantity, the dose is apparent by what is already said.

As to the time when; 'tis taken morning and evening; and if it be prescribed to procure sleep, then at the time of going to sleep.

The FORM of prescribing, ℞ &c. let them be beaten in a marble Mortar, pouring to them by little and little, &c. in the strained Liquor dis­solve, [Page 106] [...] [Page 107] &c. so make an Emulsion for three or 4 doses, to be used as aforesaid.

The UTILITY: an Emulsion is not only pre­scribed to lenifie and asswage the affections of the Breast and Lungs, especially the hot and dry; the burning of the Reins, and Bladder, sharpness of Urine, and Gonorrhea, as they usually wil have it; but to other uses also: against thirst, and to temper heat in any hot diseases; and therefore is most peofitable in burning continual Fevers, to temper the drought of them that alwayes accom­panieth such diseases; therefore are they very usual in the Hecticks, and to provoke sleep; and alter in Fevers or any hot distempers instead of Apo­zems.

Generally 'tis used to lenifie, cool, and moisten.

The altering Diet-drink.

ALthough these four usual sweating Medicines seem to be destined only for provoking sweat, yet are they often prescribed with very good success in divers affections without sweating; hence it is that I cal it an altering Diet-drink.

In this three things are to be considered, the Composition, the Ʋse, and Ʋtility.

In the COMPOSITION three things also, the matter of which 'tis made, the Liquor, and the things to be dissolved in it.

The MATTER in relation to its quality, is two-fold.

1. Some of the common Sudorificks, as Guaia­cum, China, Sassafras and Salsaparilla.

2. Divers alterers, as roots, leaves, seeds, flow­ers, &c. respecting the affection, the humor offend­ing, and part affected.

But in special, that matter is chosen diversly, according to the variety of the parts in which the affections that are to be removed are inherent.

For in altering and removing powerfully phlegmatick and inveterate affections, we usually take Guaiacum, China, or Salsaparilla, either alone, or mixed together with fit alterers, as afore­said.

But in affections of the breast, as the stuffing, Ulcer, and putrefaction of the Lun [...]s, (in which now a dayes such an altering diet is usually pre­scribed, and is every where called the pectoral de­coction,) we chuse either China alone, or else there is sometimes added to it Salsaparilla, or Sassafras, together, with alterers appropriated to the breast.

So that from what is said before, an altering Diet drink may be reckoned two-fold, 1. Not pectoral, in­sensibly consuming the phlegmatick affections of divers parts, 2. Pectorel, viz. a decoction of China, (some­times Sal [...]ap [...]rilla being added) prepared of pectoral seeds and fruits, such is only now a dayes prescribed.

As to the quantity; those sudorificks in a diet-drink not pectoral are prescribed either alone, or mixed, to six ounces more or less, according as the time, age, and region shal further require; but al­terers, as Roots, Leaves, Seeds, Flowers, either all or some of them are to be added to half the [Page 117]quantity they are appointed for the Apozem a­foresaid.

But in a pectoral Diet-drink, whose basis is China, this (if alone) is added to one ounce; if o­ther things aforesaid be joyned to it, then to two drams, or three drams of these, they usually take six drams of China.

Of alterers pectoral fruits are added to an ounce and a half, or two ounces; pectoral seeds to an ounce, or an ounce and a half; and if (as some­times in the Phthysis) the flesh of Craw-fish, or tortoises be added, 'tis to an ounce, or two oun­ces.

The LIQUOR, in relation to its quality in an altering Diet drink not pectoral, is common water, or some other fit liquor, as before in the Apozem, chiefly Mead) because these sorts of decoctions for the most part respect cold affections, and hu­mors. In a pectoral Diet-drink also, either com­mon water, or decoction of Barly is taken; but with this proviso, that the China be infused in this Li­quor for some hours; then let it be put up together with the pectoral fruits and seeds in the belly of a chick, or hen; then let them boyl in the aforesaid Liquor til all be boyled to pieces.

As to its quantity, take 10 or 12 pints, or q. s. as is required to boyl it throughly.

Things to be dissolved, as to their quality, in a diet-drink not pectoral, are sometimes syrup, or sugar, and are prescribed to be dissolved together with the aromaticks, as in an altering Apozem.

In a pectoral drink sugar of Roses is generally prescribed, yet it may be also some fit syrup.

As to their quantity, they are dissolved to an ounce, or an ounce and a half, in every dose.

The USE: in it mark three things, the manner, the quantity, and the time.

The decoction not pectoral, as to the manner indrinking, is to be taken without sweating.

As to the united quantity, or dose, it is to be taken to four ounces, or six ounces; as to the divided quantity, it is to be used ten or fifteen dayes.

As to the time, this sort of alterer ought to be taken in the morning.

The pectoral drink also, as to the manner, is taken without sweat.

As to the dose, six ounces also, and is to be conti­nued also for fifteen dayes.

The Time also is the morning.

And this is the FORM of PRESCRIBING.

In a decoction not pectoral, ℞. &c. make a deco­ction, keep it in a glazed vessel for four or five morning doses, which (the body being first pur­ged) let him continue for ten or fifteen dayes; in the mean time observing a moderate and dry­ing diet; and for his ordinary drink, let him use the second decoction of the aforesaid ingredients, which is called a Bochette.

But in a pectoral one, ℞. (China, or other thing, infuse them in, &c. of water, then put them in the belly of a chick, together with the fruits, &c. boyl it til it be all to pieces, adding at the latter end of the decoction the leaves, &c. (viz. the preparers) straine all with a gentle pressure; in one pound of the strained liquor dissolve, &c. for two doses, to be given in the morning, keeping his bed two or three hours after, without sweating; let him continue this fifteen, or 20, or 30 dayes, the body being first purged with Manna, which is to be repeated once in fifteen dayes: in the mean [Page 119]time living temperatly, and using the second decoction of China, or small mead, for his ordi­nary drink.

The Utility is remarkeable in all long-lasting affections, when your scope requires the attenuat­ing, resolving, or otherwise insensibly consuming that collection offilthy humors y^t foments this sort of chronical affections; as also to rarifie the wayes and passages by which they are to be digested, and to prepare them powerfully for expurgation: neither is it safe to use them with sweat, as in the Asthma, and Phthysis especially, in which now a dayes this sort of diet is onely prescribed; in which affections 'tis pernitious to use either pur­gers, or Sudorificks. Neither can we consume or evacuate those humors that are the fomenters of such affections any other way.

An evacuating Diet, drink.

SƲch as is now a dayes for the most part only pres­cribed, is here understood, which consumes and empties the morbifical causes by sweat.

And this is two-fold, one only sweating, the other is also purgative.

The sweating decoction is now only properly called a Diet-drink; and is (as I said before) that which visi­bly consumes the Antecedent, and conjunct causes of diseases by sweatings.

In this three things are to be marked; the Composi­tion, the Ʋse, and Ʋtility.

In the COMPOSITION two things are to be considered.

1. The matter of which this sort of decoctions are made.

2. The Liquor in which they are boyled.

And in either of them both the quality, and the quantity.

The matter, in respect of the quality is either sudorifical, or also altering both at once some­times.

As to the sudorificks, 'tis compounded either of Guaiacum, and its barkonly; or only China, seldom of Salsapar [...]lla alone, and hardly ever of Sassafras alone.

Either of Guaiacum as the basis, with sometimes one, sometimes two of the others mixed with it, according to the divers intentions of the Physi­tian; or else that the too much heat of Guaiacum might be allayed, yet retaining the same benefit of sweating.

Or of China as the basis with Salsaparilla, or Sas­safras where the scope is to heat less; yet it dries as much, and consumes vitious humors equally.

As to the alterers, it is most profitable (with the aforesaid) to add divers altering simples towards the end of the decoction, that may be appropriat­ed to the humor and part affected, whereby the Diet-drink becomes famous; or else they are ad­ded to this end only to correct & allay the heat­ing and drying quality of the Guaiacum, lest it too much inflame the Liver; and for this are used Roots, Leaves, Seeds, Fruits, Flowers, either more or less.

As to the quantity, sudorificks prescribed alone, or mixt, should be allotted to one ounce, or an ounce [Page 121]and a half for every dose; and because a sweating diet-drink is usually prescribed for 4 doses, only four ounces, or six ounces ought to be prescribed; which quantity may be lessened or augmented according to the variety of the tempers, age, strength, time of the year, constitution of the dis­ease, Country, &c.

But the alterers when they are added to them, should be prescribed to half the quantity they are appointed for the Apozem; and as to their order they should be set after the sudorificks; this is eve­ry where to be observed, that in the decoction of Guaiacum you are to add Liquorice, and Raisins of the Sun, ana, an ounce, or one ounce, and a half.

The LIQUOR, in relation to its quality is pre­scribed to be fountain-water.

As to the quantity, although by the precepts of art in the decoction of Roots and Woods it ought to be eight times so much as of the things to be boyled; yet because in the decoction of these sweating drinks much of the Liquor useth to be wasted, it ought to be twelve times their quan­tity; so that to one ounce of Sudorificks should be one pint of water, and then to be boyled til half be wasted, which is the most usual manner; it may also be prescribed to a pint and half, and then boyled til two thirds be wasted.

The USE: as to the quantity, eight cu [...] ­ces of this sort of decoction may be gi­ven.

As to the manner, let it be drank warm, covering the body with many clothes more than is wont.

As to the time, 'tis best in the morning some­times, though seldom 'tis repeated at evening: [Page 122]in very strong and phlegmatick bodies, abound­ing with excrementi [...]ious humours.

The FORM OF PRESCRIBING is after this example of Guaiacum, ℞. the shavings of the wood of Guaiacum four ounces, the bark of the same two ounces; let them be infused in six or nine pints; of fountain water twenty four hours, over warm embers, the Vessel being close stop­ped; then boil them with a gentle fire of fresh charcoal without smoak, till half be wasted; afterwards run them throrow an hypocras bag, (but if you desire the decoction the stronger, presse them out gently, sweeten the decoction with three ounces, or four ounces of Sugar, and aromatize it with a dram and a half, or two drams of Cinnamom (but this sweetning and a­romatizing may better be omitted in those that are lesse curious palated) so keep it in a glazed vessel for your use; let him take of this decocti­on eight ounces warm in the morning, covering him warmer than usually, and let him sweat as he can reasonably endure it.

Note, that when Alterers are prescribed wi [...]h the sudorificks, it may be appointed in the form thus, towards the end of the decoction adde such things, &c.

℞ the remainders of the decoction aforesaid, (viz. when no other simples are added to it) add (if you wil) an ounce of some of the aforesaid sudorificks fresh, infuse them in 12 pints of fount­a in water, eight or twelve hours, boil them till a third part or a quarter onely be wasted, strain them through an hypocras bag, sweeten it with s.q. of S [...]gar, and aromatize it with a dram and a half, or two drams of Cinnamom, so make [Page 123]it for a second decoction, or a bochet for your or­dinary drink.

Observe, that this manner of diet should be continued for fifteen, twenty, or thirty dayes (un­lesse the strength fails, then may it be now and then intermitted three or four days space) in which space let him rather use rost meats then boiled, as mountain and field-birds stuck thorow with Cinnamom and cloves, as also hens and capons, bisket-bread baked with anniseed, and raisms of the Sun, torrified Almonds, and in the last course at table, coriander and anniseed comfits: let him use the second decoction strained, and aromati­zed with sugar and Cinnamom, q. s. for his ordina­ry drink, but if his belly be bound, let a com­mon glyster be now & then administred, or which is best, every six or eight dayes, renew the use of pills, potions, or other purgers prescribed, (that the more grosse matter wch (the thinner parts be­ing consumed otherwise) useth to remain behinde in the bowels may also be expelled) on which day let him abstain from the use of the decoction.

And as they ought to be purged well before the use of the decoction, so ought they also every eleventh or twelfth day.

There useth also in the prescribing these diet­drinks, of digesting head-herbs, (the hair be­ing first shaved off) two bags to be applied to the head reasonable hot for a quarter of an hour, til the sweat burst forth of the face, as soon as the drink is taken down) to provoke sweat, and also after sweat is wiped off, especially in affecti­ons of the head, as well todigest as consume the offensive cause; and when these are taken away, the head is to be wrapped in warmed locks of [Page 124]Hempe, fumed with the ordinary fume.

The UTILITY is eminent and plentifull, not onely in externall, but also in the internall af­fections, especially the contumacious, whose causes have taken deeprooting, and could not be removed by ordinary purgers, and alte­rers, so that they need these sorts of medicines, which by their subtilty and tenuity of parts may either insensibly dissolve them, or visi­bly expell them by sweat, and discusse the reliques of vitious humours; so also is it used a­gainst inveterate defluxions from the head, and catarrbes of long continuance, the ill habit, drop­sy, and other affections of like sort, proceeding from abundance of phlegmatick humours, and also aganst the French Pox, &. Thus much con­cerning the sweating diet-drink.

But the PURGING-SWEATING diet-drink is a decoction, which in the aforesaid diet moves both sweating, and to the stool together, an inven­tion of the Modern Physitians, and not used till with­in these few years; neither was it invented without great hope of a happy successe: seeing that by the help of this, both the inner parts of the humours are expell'd by sweat; and grosser reliques, which other­wife use to stick very firmly to the intralls and other parts, are by this means profitably eradicated toge­ther; nor matters is all what some may object, concern­ing the contrary motions for the natural heat, that in­strument of the expulsive faculty, together with the fa­culty it self, is ready indifferently for any motion, so that where there is a way made by the stimulation or at­traction of the medi [...]ine, it indifferently stirs up it [Page 125]self for the expulsion of the morbificall cause, especi­ally since it is approved and confirmed by experience it self; this discovereth the reason of the name and de­finition.

In this three things are considered, the com­position, the use, and the Ʋtility.

In the COMPOSITION, chiefly two things.

The Matter or Ingredients, and the Li­quer; in either of them, the Quality, and the Quantity.

As to the MATTER in regard of its quality, you may take the aforesaid decoction, consist­ing as is aforesaid of onely sudorificks, or else also of altering simples joyned with them, from whence it hath the name of swea­ting.

To this matter (that the decoction may be also purgative) those things are added which are spoken of in the purging Apozem, as those purgers appointed there for the basis, Senna, Car. thamum, and Polypody, as also other purgers, that chiefly are appropriated to the phlegmatick hu­mour, turbith, hermodactills, rheubarb, and agarick, (together with their correctors) more or lesse, as is for your purpose.

As to the quantity: concerning Sudorificks, and alterers, see before; but purgers are to be added near the quantity they are prescribed in, for the purging Apozem, or something lesse, (viz. by a quarter) because the strength can not bear such copious evacuations, both by stool and sweating together.

Of the Liquor, both touching its quality, and quantity, see before.

The USE: as to the quantity, 'tis given to four ounces, or five ounces; as to the time, in the morn­ing, and that for four dayes usually, in the begin­ning of these sort of diets; for in the rest of the dayes following, the simpler sweating diet drink is to be used without the purgers.

As to the FORM, 'tis this, ℞. &c. i: e: the things aforesaid, o [...] the sudorifical decoction; in the end of the decoction add the purgers afore­said; or else with them the alterers; let them be strained, &c. see before.

This purging decoction being ended, and the four morning doses being finished, let them use the same decoction (excepting the purgers) 15 or 20 dayes, &c.

The UTILITY: this sort of Diet-drink is most usual our late Physitians in bodies that are very soul, and also strong, which require that double evacuation; to expel hose morbifical humors re­siding in the first, second, and third region, that both the gross with the thin might by one labour be cast forth: but this as it is most profitable, so most usual in the ordering and curing the French Pox.

The altering Cock-borth.

IN the altering broth are considered chiefly the matter, and the Licuor, and in both of them the quality and quantity.

As to the matter, in respect of its quality, an old COCK is taken (as it were) for the ba­sis.

Then either his belly is filled with these fol­lowing things, or else they are added neer the end of the decoction, and they are usually these sudo­rificks, as China, Salsaparilla, Sassafras, either alone, or mixed; in the Asthma, and Hypochondriacal me­lancholy they are chiefly prescribed: as also to them alterers, as Roots, Leaves, Seeds, Fruits, more or less.

As to the quantity, Sudorificks are prescribed to two ounces, but the alterers much like their quantity in the altering Apozem, or somewhat less.

The LIQUOR, as to the quality, is alwayes fair water.

As to the quantity, q. s.

The USE: as to the quantity, the dose is six or eight ounces.

As to the time, 'tis to be taken in the morning, continuing the use of if fifteen dayes, or the space of a moneth.

And this is the FORM, ℞. an old decrepit red Cock, or of four or five years old, that hath been tired with coursing, and beating; pul off his feath­ers whiles he is alive, then strangle him, and take out his bowels, let his belly be filled with the Su­dorificks, fruits, and seeds as aforesaid, then sew it up, and boyl him in a glazed pot with a suffici­ent quantity of water, til the flesh be con­sumed, and wholly fal from the bones; but when the broth is scum'd, at first add the roots, &c. and towards the end of the deco­ction add the leaves and flowers, &c. boyl [Page 130]them til there remains about three pints of broth, straine it, and presse it out strongly, and keep the decoction in a glass bottle, in a cold place, taking off all the fat when it is cold. Take of this broth from one pint to eight ounces in the morning, adding if you wil, especially in the affections of the breast sugar, or some fit syrup to an ounce, continuing it fifteen dayes, or the space of one moneth.

The UTILTY of it is much in stubborn obstru­ctions; hence it is that it is generally prescribed in the hypochondriacal melancholy: for which purpose there is usually prescribed for this sort of broth the [...]ots of Parsley, Succory, Grass, & Spa­ragus, the leaves of Ceterach, Baume, Bugloss, Burnet, Agrimony: Fr [...]its, as Corans, and sometimes China, and Sass [...]fras wood: it is also used in any other durable obstructions of the intrals, as also in the affections of the breast, especially the Asthma; to which China is added, with fruits [...]dedicated to the breast; and in arthritical pains with wood of Sassasras, and for paleness of the face, &c.

The purging Cock-broth.

IT differs not from the former, except that be­side the aforesaid ingredients there are also added purgers, and for the most part these, of Sen­na, Polypody, Carthamus, and, two ounces, or two ounces and a half, Agarick one ounce, as much Epithymum, which are shut up in the belly of the duck, and is prescribed to be made a decoction to two pints, in which dissolve (if you wil) four ounces of sugar, and to be aromatized, &c. for 4 morning doses thus to be used every moneth: And the hypochondriacal melancholy, obstructions of [Page 131]the bowels, Gout, and Cholick: but 'tis very sel­dom used for the Asthma, or difficulty of breath.

A PURGING BOLE.

WHat a purging Bole is, and what are his differences taken from the variety of humors that are to be purged, may appear by what hath been said before in the Apozem.

But in it three things are to be considered, the Composition, Ʋse, and Ʋtility.

In the COMPOSITION, chiefly the matter of which 'tis made; in which there is to be consider­ed its quality, and quantity.

As to the quality of the MATTER, in general 'tis composed of purgers both simple and com­pound, as any purging powder, both simple and compound, and sugar.

As to the quantity in general, a bole ought not to exceed six drams, or 1 ounce, seldom 10 drams, unless it consist of the gentlest sort of purgers.

But in special, a purging bole, as to the matter, is composed,

1. Either of Cassia alone, which is most com­monly the basis of a bole (or also pulp of tamar­inds, especially in the cholerick,) though 'tis bet­ter to have it of Cassia, and some other purger to­gether, that its purging quality might be acuat­ed, which else is only lenifying; lest otherwise by staying too long in the intrals it might over­slacken them; and then as to the quantity, there is prescribed half an ounce or six drams of Cassia; but of the purging opiate, or tablet, two drams, or three drams, more or less, examining the doses by that caution before noted; that if two or three be mingled with the Cassia, the compleat dose of all might be found out.

Note, that 'tis commonly used in the affections of the reins and bladder, to prescribe a bole of the aforesaid Cassia, as the basis to six drams, to which add two drams of Turpentine washed in violet, or pellitory water, with a sufficient quantity of pow­der of liquorice and sugar: to which purpose also Turpentine alone is prescribed, & sometimes with a scruple of Rheubarb added to it, as is hereafter setdown.

2. Or of the purging officinal opiate; which is either prescribed alone in that quantity which [Page 139]hath been before in the potion, and shal hereaft­er be defined; or else together with it is added a purging tablet, or solid electuary in that pro­portion, that all together may make up the com­pleat dose, yet should the opiate somewhat ex­ceed the others.

Note, that sometimes, either to these two joyned, or to the opiate alone is added some purging powder, and that either simple, as the powder of Rrheubarb, Mechoachan, &c. from half a scruple to half a dram, or compound, as of dia­turoith, from half a scruple to a scruple, accor­ding to the quantity the other things are prescri­bed in; or else sometimes not purgative, but ei­ther directing or correcting, or strenghening, to half a scruple.

3. Or else of a tablet or solid electuary, ei­ther alone, in the dose aforesaid in the potion, and hereafter to be set down, with some syrup or S [...] ­gar, or sometimes an opiate being added, or a purging powder, as aforesaid.

4. Or, which is very seldome of a powder onely, either simple or compound, made up with a syrup or sugar, but this manner is lesse used.

5. Or else (which hardly deserves the name of a purging bole, yet is used in affections of the reins) of Turpentine washed in violet water, &c. to two drams or three drams; with a scru­ple of the powder of Liquorice.

The USE, as to the manner, 'tis taken by swal­lowing it down, which is easiest done out of a spoon, with some syrup that is gratefull to the taste.

A [...] to the quantity, 'tis above defined.

The time is in the morning after the manner of other catarrticks.

The FORM of PRESCRIBING, when Cassia onely is taken, is, ℞. take the marrow of Cassiae newly drawn, and (sometimes 'tis added) by the vapour of some decoction, as of Barly, Liquo­rice, Mallows, for the Reins) or else 'tis said, the pulp or flour of Cassia, &c. make a bole with Sugar.

If of an Opiate, ℞. &c. with Sugar make it a bole.

But when a bole is made of the drier things, as tablets, and powders, so that they can hardly stick together in the form of a bole, ℞ &. let them be moistened with such a syrup, then with Sugar reduce them into the form of a bole, which let him take &c. but when the bole is made of Turpentine, ℞ Turpentine washed, &c. make a bole, let each bit be wrapped in Wafers, so take them out of a spoon, with a convenient Syrup, as of Maiden hair, Violets, &c. let them be swal­lowed down in the morning three or four hours before dinner, and that usually for three dayes together.

The UTILITY is the same with that of a po­tion, viz. when the cause of the affection is in the inferior region, or the parts adjacent; but a bole of Cassia is particularly profitable in the reins and bladder, in which we should deal ve­ry gently, and onely lenisie.

The strengthening bole.

IN it three things are to be considered, the com­position, use, and utility.

As to the COMPOSITION, in respect of its quality, it is prepared.

1. Either of officinall conserves, and a pow­der, which is either the Species of some Electua­ry of the shops, or other aromaticall powder, as of Cinnamom, &c. with Sugar.

Note, that sometimes with the aforesaid con­serves are also taken cordiall confections, as alchermes, & de hyacintho.

2. or of some strengthening officinall confe­ction alone.

As to the quantity, this bole in generall seldom exceeds three drams, or half an ounce.

In speciall, the quantities and dose of the first sort of these boles is this; as of conserves let there be three drams, half an ounce, & pow­ders a Scruple.

Of confections (if added) one scruple, or half a dram.

But of the second sort, viz. the confection, is prescribed from a dram, to a dram and half.

The USE, as to the time; it useth to be prescribed, the day after a purging Medicine, two hours before dinner, or otherwise at any other convenient hour, simply to strengthen, with­out any purge preceding it.

As to the manner, 'tis to be swallowed out of a spoon (if you will) with syrup, drinking af­t [...]r it a little wine diluted, or other liquor fit for the purpose.

The FORM; ℞. &c. make it a bole with Su­gar, which let him take &c.

The Ʋtility sufficiently appears in its name; see also the cordiall potion; but most usually they are prescribed after purging medicines, to comfort the stomack and parts afflicted by them, as also by the violence of diseases, and also simply to strengthen, [Page 142]without Relation to any preceding Purga­tion, as often as the strength (growing weak, or feeble by any other cause) requires it, as also to alter, together with the strengthening: so al­so this sort of boles are used against fluxes of the belly.

The purging Opiate.

WHat it is (& its differences) may be sought in the purging Apozem and potion.

Here I shall at present account it twofold, Ma­gisteriall, and officinall.

What a Magisteriall is, see in the purging syrup.

Neverthelesse three things are to be consider­ed, the composition, use, and Utility.

As to the COMPOSITION, 'tis prepared, 1. Either of powders onely taken in syrup, or ho­ny, or both together.

These powders are every where chosen out of purging Simples (and sometimes may be in use the spices of purging Electuaries) together with their fit correctors, both Simples, and com­pounds, as also their directors.

As to the quantity, these sorts of purging powders ought to be prescribed, according to the number of doses for which you desire or in­tend your Opiate; as if you desire an Opiate for six times, you must prescribe six doses of pur­gers in substance, adding also their correctors; as to the quantity of that they are made up withall, they usually, though ill prescribe it, q. s. as is be­fore noted in the purging syrup; for as it is there said, the quantity of these is also to be defined, and its proportion ought to be three or four times the weight of the powder, and that expressly to be set down, that you may be certain of the dose.

Note also, that when Cassia or other things which have the consistency of hony, are added, they are to be accounted instead of so much hony.

2. Or seeing that now they are very seldom made of powders onely, they are usually prescri­bed of officinall purging opiates, Cassia being al­so added, where we would purge more gently; or else there is also added a solid purging Electuary of the shops, together with a purging powder, and their correctors; all which are to be taken in a convenient syrup:

And this is their proportion.

To an ounce of opiate you may adde a dram or two drams at most of a purging powder.

But for the most part, four ounces of these sorts of Opiates are required, and then the dose of the syrup is not defined, for there is need but of ve­ry little.

3. Or onely of the softer sort of purging sim­ples, as Cassia, tamarinds, manna, pulp of prunes, raisins, or Sebestens, with their correctives, when you would onely lenifie; and if you would yet purge more, you may adde the simple purging powders in the proportion aforesaid.

4. Or else with all these together, as the leni­fying Simples, officinall Electuaries, purging Powders, together with the aforesaid proportion of syrup.

The more usuall Officinall Opiates.

• CAtholicon, all humors.
• Diacassia, chol. mel.
• Diaprun-simpl. chol-
• Diasenna, or Elect. lenitivum, melanch.
• Hiera picra, phlegm- & choler, and all humours that are easily moved.
• Diaprun. solutive, chol.
• Elect. de Psillio: phleg. mel.
• [Page 145]Diaphoenicon. phlegm. & chol.
• Benedicta laxativa. phleg: and watrish humours.
• Confectio hamech. chol. melanchol.

• Elect: rosarum Mesues, purgeth choler.
• Triphera persica, chol: mel.
• Indum majus, phleg. chol.
• Hiera Pac hii, phlegm.

The use of the officinal Opiate.

AS to the manner, they are taken either by themselves, as a Bole, or else with a fit Li­quor dissolved in the form of a potion, see be­fore.

As to the time, 'tis in the morning, as other Ca­tharticks.

As to the quantity or dose, 'tis this.

The USE of the MAGISTERIALL Opiate.

As to the manner and time of using, 'tis as the Of­ficinal.

As to the quantity in general, 'tis also as the of­ficinal; but in special it cannot be defined, unless [Page 146](as is aforesaid) by computing the doses, and by the weight of the whole purging opiate; for the whole masse is to be divided into so many parts, as there be purging doses in the whole composition.

The FORM of PRESCRIBING.

℞ &c. with a Syrup or honey, s. q. (which ne­verthelesse is to be set down precisely, that you may be certain of the dose) either to three or four times the weight of the other things, so make an Opiate, of which let him take, &c. either by it self, in the form of a Bole, or else dissolve it in broth, decoction, or some other fit liquor, and that every fifth day, having taken a Clyster the day before.

The ƲTILITY is the same with that of the purging Syrup, only as the Syrup is used in Sum­mer, so this in Winter; but the profit of it is, that it may by little and little draw away viti­ous humors, that are heaped, or are abounding in us, at certain distances of time; and that we may not suffer ill humors to encrease so far, as to pro­duce a disease; therefore 'tis very useful for Ca­cochimical natures: and where through the ill complextion, or temper of the intrals, they use to gather many excrementitious humors, from whence comes the original and durability of diseases.

And seeing, of these, one is only lenifying, a­nother purging particularly; The first is usually prescribed, for affections of the Reins, Bladder, and Brest, and also to move the belly, and a­gainst the heat of the Liver, and consists for the [Page 147]most part, of the Pulp of Cassia, Tamarinds, Prunes, Sebestens, Manna, &c. with fit altering powders: Here is to be noted, that this form of medicine is chiefly to be used in them whose Liver is heat­ed, which with the use of pils would be more in­flamed.

The strengthening Opiat.

Beside the lenifying and purging Opiates, o­thers use also to be new prescribed by the Physi­tian, for the present use, not only to strengthen, and confirm the vigor, and restore the spirits, as aforesaid in the corroborating potion, but also to alter the body in any manner, in first, second, or third qualities.

In a strengthening Opiate, three things are to be considered, Composition, Ʋse, and Ʋtility.

And in the COMPOSITION, two things chief­ly; the Matter, and the Form-Giver; and in both, their quality, and quantity.

The Matter, in relation to its quality, is either moyst or dry; the moyst is some officinal conserve, of which, as its basis, a strengthening Opiat is compounded.

To this is somtimes added, according to the scope, some officinal preserve, as of roots, stalks, fruits, barks.

And if occasion require, Confections, as Al­chermes, Confect. de hyacintho; also Treacle, Mi­thridate, &c.

The dry, which is alwayes joyned with the Conserve, is some strengthening powder, either simple of Spices, or some other strengthening pro­per things; or compound, of some strengthening E­lectuaries, as of Aromaticum Rosatum.

As to its quantity, because the whole compo­sition of a strengthening Opiate should not ex­ceed six ounces, or seven ounces of the aforesaid things, this is to be their proportion,

Of Conserves four ounces.

Of preserves if admitted an ounce and a halfe or two ounces.

Confections if added 2 drams, 3 drams, or half an ounce.

But the proportion of powders in respect of the things aforesaid should be so that an ounce of them should contain a dram, a dram and half, or two drams of powders at the most, according to the efficacy, or as you desire the Opiate more or less powerful, or according as the powder is more or less pretious.

The FORM-GIVER, or that which gives it the consistence, as to its quality, is some proper officinal Syrup, or the Syrup of some appropriate preserve.

As to its quantity, 'tis seldome expressed, only is set down, q.s. yet (as is aforesaid in the purging Opiate, where 'tis to be three or four times so much as the powder,) it may easily be defined; yet 'tis not here to be limited by that proportion, in regard of the Conserves, which helps to the giving the form.

Here is to be diligently marked, that when the aforesaid matter is prescribed, this order should be kept: 1. The Conserves. 2. The Preserves. 3. The Confections. 4. The Powders: and last­ly, the Syrup is to be prescribed, and also Amber­greece, and Musk, are usually added to some few grains, and when condited Mirobalans, and Nutmegs are joyned, they are usually prescribed [Page 149]by number, as one, two, &c. or else half an ounce, or an ounce, &c.

The Ʋse, as to the manner, 'tis taken in the form of a Bole, and then (if you desire it, and the scope of the Physitian can admit it) drinking after it a smal quantity of wine, or some other liquor, ac­cording to the intention prosecuted, that nothing might stay behind in the jawes or gullet, and that it might be the easier carried down into the sto­mack.

As to the quantity, the dose is two drams, three drams, or half an ounce, more or lesse, according as it is stronger or weaker from the quality or quantity of the powders, or confections joyned with it, otherwise 'tis prescribed to be taken to the quantity of a Filberd or Chesnut, according to its faculty in operation.

As to the time, 'tis generally prescribed an hour or two before dinner, if the stomack or other in­trals are to be strengthened, and that every other day in which he abstains from these usual pills; for these two, the usual pills, and strengthening O­piates, are successefully prescribed to be taken af­ter one another in Cacochimical bodies, where the intrals are also distempered; it may be used twice in a day, as before supper also, when there is a greater necessity of comforting: in affections of the head, they are taken to very good purpose after dinner, and supper, for so with the sumings of the meat, the virtues and spirits of the medicines are together easily elevated; but if it be not strengthening, but only altering: or evacuating by urine, or the courses, or to open obstructions, or for other the like inventions, let it be prescribed when the stomack is empty, that the vertue of it [Page 150]may not be dulled, therefore let it be taken long before meat.

The FORM of prescribing; ℞ &c. with the Sy­rup, &c. make an Opiate, of which let him take, &c. i e. to two drams, or three drams, or to the bignesse of a Filberd or Chesnut, an hour before dinner, &c. drinking after it a little, &c.

The ƲTILITY is much to restore strength to the parts weakened, or afflicted, and to preserve them, when there is need of a continued corrobo­ration in chronical diseases, in which together with these the usual Pils are prescribed, then the use of this and them by turns is appointed. They are done also to alter divers wayes, (as is said) divers parts, and divers affections, arising from unlike humors, both in first, second, and third qualities; also to purge by urine, open obstructi­ons, provoke the courses, break and force out the stone, &c. or where any malignant quality is to be prevented, or taken away.

As to the Composition, 'tis various.

1. It is compounded of powders taken in a li­quor, or rather honeyish substance, and made in the form of an opiate.

These powders, in relation to their quality, are appropriated to the lungs, fit for the purpose, and those either simple, as the roots, leaves seeds, dried juices, of bechical or cough-curing simples, or else of some thoracical electuaries, as species diaireos, either alone, or mixed, to which often (if the scope permit) are added su­gar or penidies.

As to the quantity, they are most commonly prescribed to one ounce, with four times the quantity of the liquor they are made up withal, so that a Lohoch seldome exceeds three ounces, or four ounces.

That in which these powders are taken, in rela­tion to its quality, is usually some fit Syrup, som­times honey or sape, called also cute, the mus­cilage of some convenient gums or seeds, sweet wine, &c. as the indication requires; but most usually they are made up with a Syrup.

As to the quantity, 'tis not expressed, but said s. q. yet it may be defined, that the Syrup may be four times, or five times, the weight of the o­ther; for a lohoch or lincture ought to be thin­ner than an opiate or electuary.

2. Or else 'tis made of a decoction impregna­ted with the virtues of fit bechical simples, but chiefly of leaves, fruits, and flowers, thickened with muscilage, sugar, or somthing equivalent, as honey, cute, adding to them also fit powders.

As to the drawing of that muscilage; first the decoction shall be described of thoracical things, that are by their own nature muscilagi­nous; by this order, that there may be of roots two or three ounces, of leaves four or five hand­ful, of the greater sort of fruits, pairs 18. of the lesser sorts pairs, 20.24: one ounces and an half, of seeds one ounce, or an ounce and an half, so make a decoction till all be pap, then presse all strongly out of a presse, with a new strainer, so drive them thorow.

There is taken of this muscilage one quartern (for that will be enough) and therefore the in­gredients of the decoction are to be prescribed, [Page 153]for the making it in a lesse quantity, for that which is set down will afford a pound. To this muscilage is added one ounce, or an ounce and half of sugat only; or over and above, the pow­der of some electuary, or other sit things, from half an ounce to an ounce, more or less, accord­ing to the consistence of the muscilage.

3. Or of the pulp of fruits, as an ounce of the powders to six ounces of the pulp. with Syrup, s.q.

4. Or of some officinal Lohoch, to one or two ounces, to which you may add two or three ounces of powder, with Syrup, s. q.

5. Or of thoracical fruits, seeds, and juices, beaten all together, and forced through a haire strainer, taken with syrup, honey, muscilage, ac­cording to your intention; in this proportion, that there may be of fruits two ounces; of seeds an ounce; juices half an ounce; syrup; s. q. And note, that a powder may also somtimes be added.

6. Or which is most usual, a single pectoral Syrup may be prescribed for a Iohoch, to four or six ounces, to which you may, if you will, add some fit powders in the proportion aforesaid.

7. Or else, (and that chiefly in those that are phthisical) of astringent conserves to two ounces and divers powders to six drams, or an ounce syrup, s. q. yet a greater quantity of these may be prescribed, because the use of them ought to be frequent and daily.

Note also, that sometimes 'tis prescribed of butter, with twice so much sugar or honey, in the cough and roughnesse of the windpipe, to which are somtimes added three drams of powder, with s. q. of syrup; and evermore in cleansing a cold matter, an ounce of Turpentine may be joyned; [Page 154]or in its place, Oyle of sweet Almonds an ounce, in the Pleurisie and Phthisick.

The ƲSE of the officinal; as to the manner, if a syrup only be prescribed, it is said, let him take of this often out of a spoon, licking it leisurely; but if it be a compound Lohoch, let him take it from a Licorice stick, bruised at the end, licking gently and frequently.

As to the quantity, a Lohoch should not ex­ceed three ounces, four ounces, or six ounces, unlesse it be prescribed for them that live re­mote, then it may be made to a pound and half, and if it be often to be used, you may exceed that quantity; as also when it is prescribed fot the Phthisis: The particular dose is about a spoonful, or as much as a liquorish stick bruised can take up: as to the divided quantity, 'tis to be taken often, except Lohoch de Papavere, which is to be taken only once a day, when the time of sleep is.

As to the time, let it be some distance from meat, either before or after it, or at any time, if necessity requires.

The USE of the Magisterial is the same.

The FORM is, ℞ &c. Make a Lohoch, which let the Patient (holding his head a little lifted up, or leaning forward, that the epiglottis which covers the wind-pipe might open a little) use with a Liquorice stick &c. or out of a spoon.

The Ʋtility: they are preseribed only in the af­fections of the Lungs and breasts, as in the Asth­ma, Cough, &c. Catarrhs, and faults in the wind­pipe; so that now adayes they are prescribed; [Page 155]only to lenifie the asperity of it, arising either from the acrimony of the humors, or otherwise composed of bechical things that are both sweet and sharp: and in cleansing the clammy, of things that are sweet and bitter; but these must be smal in quantity: or else to stay Rheums fal­ling into the breast, or to thicken thin rheumes, of clammy muscilaginous things; or else to bind in the spitting of blood, of healing things; as also in drying up the Ulcers of the Lungs; but do this with caution, for it stops the way by which the breath is drawn, and 'tis very necessa­ry to have an easie clear breathing to maintaine life.

The purging Tablets.

The distinction and difference is as above, yet are these twofold, officinal and magisterial, of which here chiefly.

In the magisterial Tablet three things are to be considered, Composition, Ʋse, and Ʋtility.

As to the COMPOSITION, they are made of powders, and sugar dissolved in a conveni­ent liquor, boiled beyond the consistency of a syrup; and somtimes purging Tablets, and the species of purging Tablets are added.

The powder is either purgative, or altering, viz. some fit correcting spice, or the species of some electuary.

As to the quantity, the doses of the purging ingredients are to be computed as is afore­said in the purging opiate; whatsoever they are (because the whole composition should not exceed four ounces, or six) 'twill suffice to pre­scribe one ounce of powder, and three or four times so much sugar dissolved, though com­monly they do not set down the quantity, the which is very ill.

The ƲSE; as to the manner, 'tis either taken by it self, or dissolved in some convenient li­quor: See the potions.

As to the Dose, see the purging opiate.

As to the time, in the morning, as other pur­gers.

The FORM; ℞ &c. with, &c. of sugar dis­solved in a convenient liquor, make Tablets of the weight of three drams, or half an ounce; let him take, &c.

The Ʋtility is the same with that of the opi­ate, viz. to purge withal; & being under a diverse form from electuaries, it is a means to avoid that nauseousness which the often giving one medicine will procure; and besides, 'tis a neat way to deceive the curious palated; for thus the purgers are concealed, and they eat Physick instead of sweet meats.

The strengthening Tablets.

What they are, and their differences, see in the cordial potion.

As to the COMPOSITION, 'tis made of di­vers sorts of strengthening powders, either sim­ple, as of some spice, or other proper things, or compound, of some officinal electuary, and su­gar dissolved in a fit liquor, that the whole mass may not exceed six ounces, by this proportion of each several.

Of powders let there be one part.

Of sugar six, or eight, or ten parts, accord­ing as you desire your Tablets stronger or weak­er, or as the powders are more pleasant or un­pleasant, effectual or otherwise, more or lesse, though the sugar be only said, q. s. the dose of powders is alwayes expressed, and that usually to five or six drams.

Note, that to these powders is very conveni­ently added somtimes a confection, is Alchermes to two drams, of which alone at Montpellier they make most pleasant Tablets, and somtimes they add fit conserves, to three drams.

To these strengthening Tablets may be re­fer'd those which are prepar'd of divers things, (without cordials) only to alter, according to [Page 166]the scope of the Physitian, powdred and made up in the same manner with sugar, and in the same dose, yet may they be prescribed in a grea­ter, adding only three times the weight of su­gar, of which sort there are divers extant in the shops, serving to the various scope of the Phy­sitian.

The ƲSe of the strengtheners; as to the man­ner, they are used chiefly by themselves, or dis­solved in some fit liquor.

As to the quantity, from one dram to three drams, according to the efficacy of the ingredi­ents.

As to the time, three hours before dinner, or also before supper; and that the day after purge­ing, if it hath preceded; or if the usual pills are prescribed, then are they to be taken by turns e­very other day; or otherwise where you will sim­ply strengthen, they may be used at any time.

The VSE of alterers, as to the manner, is the same.

As to the quantity, one dram, two drams, or three drams, according to the faculties of the powders, and the scope.

As to the time, that the nature of the affection must limit, yet 'tis usually taken with an empty stomack.

The VSE of the officinal Tablets, as to the manner, time, and quantity, is the same.

The form of prescribing, ℞ &c. with s: q. of sugar dissolved in, &c. make Tablets of the weight of one dram, three drams, &c. of which let him take one, &c.

The VTILITY of the strengthening Tablet see before in the strengthening Electuary; as [Page 167]also that of the altering Tablet in the same place, which usually are every where prescri­bed to stay rheumes falling into the brest; of binders and thickners, of which also one that is prescribed for use, is to be frequently held in the mouth.

The purging Pills.

Although in speaking properly Pills are purge­ing, yet because they may be prepared for divers uses, and because those which purge do it either strongly or gently, and are more strengthening, these last are commonly called usual pills, the other purge­ing [Page 168]Pills, which are seldom prescribed by the Physi­tian, because the officinal or shop pilis are wont to be used in their stead; yet shal I hereafter declare the orders for making them.

And these are either officinal, or Magisterial; the officinal either purge, or do not purge.

Those which do not purge are the pills of Bdel­lium and Cynogloss, the Hypoglottides white and black; yet these do not properly belong to this place.

The purging Pills are those which are most usual, or lesse usual.

ƲSƲALL PILLS.

These purge truly, but very gently, and are ra­ther strengthening; and because the use of them is often in a week, and that without any care or custody, therefore are they called usual pills.

As to the COMPOSITION: they are made of Aloe succotrina, as the basis, to half an ounce, or six drams, other gentle purgers being added, as rheubarb, agarick, &c. to one dram or two drams, and some strengthening simples, as cinamom, cloves, mastick, compound spices, to one dram or two drams, with s. q. of syrup of wormwood, &c.

Note that ammoniack dissolved is generally added in obstructions, to one dram or two drams, so is myrrh. Also in the [...]orm, aloes mollified in the juice of Wormwood, is sometimes [Page 172]profitably prescribed, and Rheubarb sprinkled with some convenient liquor, til it be soft.

The ƲSE, as to the manner, is as above.

As to the quantity, and time, half a dram of the aforesaid mass (of which is made four pills) is to be taken; of which let him take two in the morning two hours before dinner, and the other two two hours before supper, twice or thrice a week; in those dayes in which he abstains from the strengthening Opiate, if that be also pre­scribed; otherwise without this admonition, for they are usually prescribed together, as afore­said.

This is their form, ℞. &c. with &c. make a masse of pills, of which take, &c.

The ƲTILITY is great, in bodies very ca­cochymical, especially the phlegmatick, in whom the stomack is daubed with a continual drossie phlegme, from whence springs the whole series of diseases: for they much strengthen the sto­mack, help concoction: and if any noxious thing lurk in it, they purge it forth; neither suffer they any noxious thing to be gathered in it: therefore they are profitable in all affections arising from thence, either of the mesentery, Head, Liver, Joynts, &c.

Of the strengthening and altering Pills.

Although all pills properly ought to be purging, yet the solid form may, and useth to be composed for other in tentions, to strengthen and alter variously, both in first, second, and third qualities, viz. when we would have the medicine stay and delay some time before it descend, either that the medicinal quality [Page 173]may work more effectually on the part where it is, or that by its delay might be diffused to other parts com­municating with it, and might be distributed both by secret and visible passages of the body.

And these either are retained in the mouth, and are not swallowed; or else are swallowed.

Those retained in the mouth, are Pillul. Bechi­chae, so called for their round form, (or else in a Lu­pine fashion, and then are they referr'd to the Tros­chischs:) and from their admirable quality of stilling the cough, and from the manner of using them, they are called Hypoglottides, or Sublinguales, be­cause they are contained under, or on the tongue, til they leisurely dissolve, and are dedicated to the cough, and affections of the windpipe and breast.

These are COMPOƲNDED of a powder of lenifying thoracical simples, as powder and juyce of Liquorice, gum dragant, Arabick, Starch, Penidies, Sugar, White Poppy-seeds, &c. to one ounce, or two ounces, as need requireth, or the time you use them be long or short.

And that powder is taken with a sufficient quantity of muscilage of gum dragant drawn with Roserwater, or with the muscilage of Quince­kernels, &c. or with a pectoral syrup, and made in­to Troschischs, or pills.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞. &c. with the mu­scilage, &c. make a masse, out of which make pils to be dissolved on the tongue; of which let him frequently hold one under his tongue til it dis­solve of it self, and be leisurely swallow­ed.

The ƲTILITY is as above, to ease the cough, [Page 174]the roughness of the Wind-pipe and Jaws, help hoarsness of the voice, and facilitate spit­ting.

Hither belong the Lupine fashioned Tro­schiscks, which are held in the mouth to stay rheums.

But those Pills that strengthen or alter any way are commodiously swallowed down, in the affections of the stomack, proceeding from its crude flatuousness, and those which communicate with it, as the head especially, or those that are neerly adjacent, as the Liver, &c. those made of appropriate strengtheners are convenient in the affections of the head, by the continuance of them, in the stomack especially, if they be taken after meat; for so the fuming quality of them ascends; and so they conduce to the affections of the eyes, against the dimness of sight, made of eye medicines, or ophthalmicks.

Or else they are given at going to bed; such are the sleeping officinal Pills, as those of Cynoglosse, which are every where prescribed to stay and dry up rheumes, and to provoke sleep; and hither Lauda­num may be referred (as most used) to gr. IV. or V. they are prescribed also for fluxes of the belly, of strengtheners and binders, to be taken both before and with meat; as also against the imbecility of the Li­ver, Gonorrhea, Ʋlcers of the Reins and Bladder, Stone, and divers affections of the womb.

But they are COMPOƲNDED of a con­venient powder, serving to the scope of the Phy­sitian, as the affections shall suggest, and that prescribed to half an ounce, five or six drams, which is to be made up with a convenient syrup.

The ƲSE, as to the quantity, of one dram of [Page 175]the mass are made six Pills, of which two are taken once or twice a day.

As to the Time, they may be taken morning, and evening; before, after, or with meat, as aforesaid in the Candies.

As to the Manner, they are swallowed down; and if it be for affections of the lower parts, as affections of the Liver, Bowels, Reins, Bladder, Womb, a little of some convenient Liquor should be drank after them, that thereby the Medicinal virtue might be conveyed to those parts the sooner, to good purpose.

The ƲTILITY is enough spoken of be­fore.

To the Troschischs are to be referred the Muscar­dines.

WHich are little pastils, so called from the musk they contain, cheifly composed for the perfuming the breath, and to exalt venereall moris­coes; such are these of Gallia moschata, that are most effectual.

They are compounded either simply of amber­greese, musk-grains three, four, &c: as you wil, and q. s. sugar dissolved in rose-water with a lit­tle starch.

Or else more compounded of the powder of some aromatical things of sweet savor, as cin­namom, Saunders one dram, musk, Ambergreese, gr. three or four, as you list, and sugar q. s. make troschischs, of which let him hold one often in his mouth.

Purging Powder.

The definition and differences may be sought out of what is aforesaid.

It is compounded of Catharticks, and for the most part those that are the pleasantest with their proper correctors, in a proportion often be­fore mentioned.

As to the quantity, to an ounce; an ounce and half is the most is prescribed; and note that su­gar for the more delicate may be added, but in a smal quantity, or equal to the powder, and that exactly defined.

The ƲSE, as to the manner, 'tis to betaken in broth, or some convenient liquor.

As to the quantity, the doses of the purgers are to be computed.

As to the time, in the morning with custody.

The FORM, ℞ &c. Make a powder, of which, &c.

The ƲTILITY is to purge, see afore.

The strengthening powder.

Although it may be prescribed to strengthen di­vers parts, according to the scope of the Physitian; [Page 180]yet 'tis either to confirm the stomack, and is cal­led a Digestive; or the heart, and is called a Cor­dial, and an Alexiterial; it may be also made for other uses, as to strengthen the Liver, Intrals, &c.

The COMPOSITION, 1, of the digestive powder, is in general of stomachical things that help concoction, dissolvers of wind, and binder.

But in special, Coriander-seed prepared is usual­ly the basis, prescribed to an ounce, to which are added things that discuss wind, as Anniseed to half an ounce, or 6 drams; then strengtheners of the stomack, either simple or compound, to 2 or 3 drams at most, with sugar of Roses in tablets, s. q.

2. The Cordial powder, or that which strength­ens other parts, which is compounded both of simple and compound powders of Electuaries, proper and specifical to half an ounce, 6 drams, or 1 ounce, according as the use of it shal conti­nue, long or short, yet so that the more pretious Cordial powders be joyned but in a smal quanti­ty, either to a fourth or sixth part; & these are pre­scribed either alone, or for the better taste sake, sugar rosat is mixed with them to three or four times their weight.

The ƲSE and form of the Digestive powder, ℞. &c. Make a powder, of which let him take a spoonful, neither eating nor drinking after it.

But of a Cordial, or other strengthening powd­er, as hepatical, &c. this is the form, ℞. &c. Make a powder, of which let him take 1, 2, or 3 drams, with water, broath, or other convenient liquor, and that in the morning, the stomack being empty, or else when necessity requires, especially if it be Alexiterial.

The ƲTILITY, is for the strengthening of the principal parts, and others also, and consists for the most part of hot things, yet with the same in­tention of strengthening, they may be prepared of cooling things.

Hither appertains the altering powder, alter­ing divers wayes, according to the scope, in first, second, and third qualities, as that which is generally prescribed of steel against obstructions, with other openers, to one ounce, or two ounces, with an equal quantity of sugar; of which a spoonful is taken every morning, drinking after it a little wine, or other convenient Liquor, so against the stone or gravel, of stone-breaking me­dicines to an ounce, an ounce and a half, and Su­gar, s. q. of which take one dram, or a dram and a half, with a diuretical Liquor: so to provoke the birth and courses; as also to bind the fluxes of blood both by stool, and from the Womb and bladder: against all kindes of fluxes, and to alter divers wayes, when moysture is one cause of­fending.

Thus much of an internal powder.

The external powder is also sometimes pre­scribed, and is either physical, or chirurgical.

The physical or medicinal is for the most part strengthening, as is usually prescribed for com­forting and drying the brain; of proper cephali­cal things, as Roots, Leaves, &c. prescribed to two ounces, adding to it also, and that frequent­ly the violet or cypris powder to one ounce, or one ounce and a half, more or less; but for the most part they take of roots two ounces, seeds six drams, flowers three drams, spices two drams.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞ &c. Make a gross powder, with which let the head be dryed in the morning, which is most usual lafter the wa­shing of it.

The ƲTILITY is to strengthen the brain, and dry the phlegmatick, and to waste the ex­crementitious moysture of the hairs of the head. The Chyrurgical powder is various, to be pre­scribed only by a Chyrurgeon, to cleanse, fil, and heal Ulcers, stop the bleeding of wounds, &c. the quantity of prescribing it varies according to the various occasion of its use.

The liquid Epitheme.

The name is apparent, and it is fluid like water, or a Julep, chiefly composed of a convenient li­quor, and cordial powders.

In it three things are to be considered, the Com­position, Ʋse, and Ʋtility.

In the Composition we must regard the matter of which 'tis made, whether liquid, or dry, (as pow­der) or mean between both: and in either of these the quality, and quantity.

The Liquor, as to its quality, is for the most part a distilled water as the basis, such as is proper both for the affection and part affected; and that either alone, or else other things are joyned with it, either chiefly to make it penetrate, or give it the more efficacy, and this is most com­monly white wine for the heart, Vinegar for the Liver; so also for its greater virtues, there are usually added the juyces of Fruits, as of Limons, or else of Leaves proper for the affection.

Sometimes the Liquor is a very liquid decocti­on, of appropriate things, but seldom.

As to the quantity, 'tis usually prescribed to one pint, or 15 ounces; therefore if water be pre­scribed, it should be to such a quantity; but if o­ther liquid things be added, let this be the pro­portion; of water, 8 ounces; of Juyces, from two ounces to three; of Wine, or Vinegar, from half an ounce, to an ounce.

The Powder, as to its quality, is either simple, of Cordial or Hepatical woods & barks chiefly; also of flowers, seeds, &c. or compound of strengthening electuaries, and sometimes aroma­tical troschischs.

As to the quantity, to every ounce of liquor one scruple or half a dram of powder wil suffice, so that to the whole proportion, half an ounce, or 6 drams may be prescribed, so that not above a dram or two of the species of Electuaries may be taken.

The things of mean consistence, in relation to their quality; there is sometimes besides the liquor and powder (of which an Epithe me al­wayes consists,) a strengthening Opiate, or cor­dial confection, as Alchermes, prescribed to one dram, or two drams.

The ƲSE: as to the manner, it is applyed with a scarlet cloth, or some soft linnen dipped in it, gently pressed forth, and applyed warm; and when it either grows cold or dry, 'tis to be re­newed several times, and continued thus a quar­ter, or half an hour, twice a day.

No quantity for each time is set down.

The time is in the morning and evening, if the affection be cold, or it be in winter; otherwise it is to be used 4 times a day if hot, or it be summer; and note this diligently that if the strength be extream weak, after the use of a liquid one, the solid one should be prescribed.

The FORM of prescribing, ℞ &c. Make a li­quid Epitheme to be kept in a glass; at the time of using it take a scarlet cloth, &c.

The ƲTILITY: 'tis generally used to corro­borate, and also to cool, seldom to heat, (for this purpose the solid form is more effectual) it is prescribed against the hot distempers of the heart and Liver, as also to strengthen and resist malignity, if there be any suspition of it: their use is chiefest in Fevers in the Summer time.

Note, that liquid Epithemes may be applyed to the whole breast profitably, in burning and hectick severs, composed of moyst and cooling waters, or decoctions prescribed in a greater quan­tity; as also in the burnings of the head, Phrensie, &c. see Rose-vinegar.

They are also sometimes applyed to the testi­cles in extream heats; for by their communi­cation with the whole body, the very habit of the body and the blood is cooled; therefore it is most profitable in the bleeding at nose or o­therwise, and to this purpose they use a mixture of vinegar and water; to the same end sometimes cooling things are applyed to the hand-wrists, a­gainst the heat and fervency of the heart, so also to the fieriness of the face, &c. in summ, every thing comprehended under the name of an Epi­theme may be used to any part inflamed or be­set with a hot affection; though the word Epi­theme be properly understood of a thing in re­lation to the heart or Liver.

The solid Epitheme.

That is called so that is not fluid like water, though they are prescribed of a diverse consistence, as wel a soft as otherwise.

In it note three things, Composition, the Ʋse, and Ʋtility.

As to the COMPOSITION, 'tis made divers wayes.

1. Either (and this is most usual) in the form of an Opiate, made of conserves of flowers, powd­ers of electuaries, (but seldom of a simple pow­der) and of Confections as aforesaid, with a fit [Page 187]Liquor, distilled water simple or compound, an appropriate juyce, &c.

As to the quantity in general, it scarce ex­ceeds four ounces; but in special, let there be of conserves, three ounces; confections, three drams; powders, one dram, or two at most.

2. Or else in form of a liniment, especially in hot affections of the heart, as also in cold; they may also be used in affections of the Liver, of oyntment of Roses, ceratum santalinum, &c. two ounces; fit conserves, half an ounce, six drams; to cordial powders, half a dram, or two scru­ples.

3. Or of [See what Pipio signifies, for it is not a Pippin] a Pippin cut in two, in the middle, and is most usual, which let bestrewed with one dram of the powder of some cordial Electuary, or two drams of the powder of ordinary Epithemes.

Hither may be referred Puppies and Kittens cut in halves to be applyed to the head, chiefly in the declination of Phrensies, sprinkled with a di­gesting and strengthening powder, of the flowers of Roses, Chamomil, berries of kermes, and such like, to half an ounce.

The ƲSE: as to the manner, let the solid one in the form of an Opiate be extended on a scarlet cloth wet in a convenient Liquor, and gently pressed; and then be applyed warm to the region of the heart, and that either after the use of the liquid one, or otherwise also.

The time is indifferent, it may be renewed twice or thrice a day.

The FORM appears out of the composition, ℞ &c. make an Epitheme, &c.

The utility of a solid form like an Opiate is chiefly to strengthen and heat, as also that in form of a Liniment and that made with a Pipio; see before; they may also be made to cool of Conserves, in the form of a Liniment; but that form is chiefly used, and most profitable for the Liver.

In general, they are made to alter & strength­en where the strength is much wasted.

The Cephalical Lotion.

Is COMPOƲNDED of a decoction of Ce­phalical simples; in which two things are to be considered, the matter, and the Liquor; & in these the quality, and quantity.

The MATTER, in relation both to qua­lity, and quantity; there is taken of roots, to two ounces, or three ounces; of Leaves, from four handfuls, to eight; seeds, from one ounce to two; flowers, pug. 4.

Note, that sometimes spices are added to half an ounce, or six drams, and when you would dry powerfully, unmelted brimstone, half an ounce; and when the head is to be particularly purged, after general means you may add Senna leaves to one ounce, white Agarick half an ounce.

The Liquor, as to the quality, is either a Lye made of Vine ashes, or the ordinary Lye of Bar­bers, adding white wine if you wil, or to the wine add water to 4 ounces. As to the quantity; 'tis said of wine, s. q. or of each a like quantity.

The ƲSE: as to the manner, the head is wet with it, in the sun-shine, in a clear day, and if you can, a quiet warm place; afterwards the head is to be throughly dryed with sponges soaked in Aqua vitae; and lastly, 'tis to be covered diligent­ly with dryed locks of hemp wel fumed with suffumigations.

The time, let it be washed in the morning, two hours before dinner, the belly being first evacuated.

The Form, ℞. &c. Make a decoction, wash the head, &c.

The ƲTILITY is great after purging, where the relicks of the matter imparted is to be dissi­pated & consumed; as also where the head is to be strengthened, and they are for the most part ad­dicted onely to the cold distempers of the head and brain: they may also be prepared for other uses, as for outward affections of the head, as tet­ters, dandruff, lice, filth; made of the sharpest sort of cleansers, with urine and lye, alwayes adding cephalical-herbs.

The lotion for the feet.

Is compounded of the decoction of simples, hot or cold, made either in water or Lye, as is fittest for the purpose; the ingredients of the decoction should be in the same dose, as for the cephalical lotion.

But note, that (as to the quality of the ingredi­ents,) because this is usually instituted to pro­voke sleep, the cooling cephalical simples are to be chosen, and that the heads of white Poppy in number 4, may wel be added.

Note also, that where you would dry, heat, and strengthen, and in the swelling oedematous, or phlegmatick affections of the leggs, Salt and Allum may be profitably mingled with it to four ounces, and Quicksulfure to two ounces.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞. &c. Make a de­coction for a lotion for the feet, morning or e­vening, before meat, or before sleep, if it be to procure it.

The ƲTILITY is either to mend their own proper affections, trembling of them, to cal down the humours from the higher parts, if they are made of heating cephalical medicines; also to ease weariness, or (which is most gener­ally the use of them) to provoke sleep in the raging heat of Fevers, and fervency of the brain.

The moyst Fomentation.

The moyst one is a Liquor fit to be applyed to di­vers parts by the help of Limons, sisters, Sponges, ser­ving to diuers intentions.

And this is again two-fold, simple, and more compound.

The SIMPLE Liquor that is wont to be pre­scribed for a Fomentation, as to its quality, is either hot or warm water, when we would relax in pains that come from over-much fulness; or Wine, when we would discusse and strengthen; or wine and water together where we would do both at once, or either temperately; or milk in great paines, or oyl common, or other where we would mollifie in relation to the paine, and digest as to the scope; or water and oyl, Vinegar and water, or Vinegar of Roses in hot affections, or Lee of Vine­ashes in cold affections, if we should digest and dry strongly.

As to the quantity, that is to be defined by the long continuance of the use of it, and the bigness of the part to be fomented: so for the eye 4 ounces wil suffice; for the stomack one pint, or a pint and a half; for the short rib-region and belly, as is usu­al in obstructions three pints.

The Compound is made of the decoction of va­rious kindes of simples, parts of plants, and a convenient Liquor, in which we must consider quality, and quantity.

As to the quality of the matter, there are pre­scribed roots, leaves, fruits, seeds, flowers, some­times all together, where a greater quantity is to be prepared, sometimes some few only.

As to the quantity, it is various according to the diversity of the parts. As for example, for the eyes, it may be prescribed to the dose of a poti­on, or the fourth part of the Apozem, for four ounces wil suffice, or six at most; for the stomack, half the proportion of an Apozem, or something more; for the whole belly, the whole dose of the Apozem.

The Liquor in which the decoction is to be made, is simple water, or water and wine together; sometimes milk where you would lenisie; Lye where you would digest; Smiths water where binde, &c. according to the scope; as to the quan­tity, tis prescribed q. s.

Note, that sometimes the decoction being made and strained, divers things may be added, as white wine in obstructions of the bowels, to one pint, or a pint and a half; sometimes Vinegar, in affections of the spleen, to 6, 7, or 8 ounces for penetration sake; Aqua vitae for the stomack, to two or three ounces, and to strengthen also, or [Page 193]appropriate oyls to 4 ounces, half a pint, &c. and it is generally the use in practice to prescribe them after the use of the Apozem in obstructions of the bowels; as ℞ of the decoction prescribed for the Apozem, three or four pints, add to it of wine, &c. make a somentation for the belly.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞. &c. Make a decocti­on for a fomentation, with which let the part affected be fomented with a doubled linnen cloth, shreds, or a sponge wet in it, and a little wrung out again; or else use a hoggs bladder half ful of the Liquor, morning and evening; so as it cools apply another by turns.

Note, that in the fomentation of the belly, un­der the short ribs, 'tis usually said, let the short-rib­region be fomented in the morning, 2 or 3 hours before dinner, or else before supper for three or four dayes, changing often the fomentation, lest it cool too much: and it is usually prescribed after the fomentation to be anointed with such an oyl, liniment, or unguent hot. The Use is after general purgations, otherwise whe need requires.

The UTILITY is large, so that there is hard­ly any part, which as it may be fomented, shal not receive very much benefit from it; it is used to the eyes affected, both for the pain, and in­flammation of them, &c. Also against obstructi­ons of the spleen and bowels, &c. against the pains of divers parts, to provoke the courses; for the cholerick affections of the reins, inflam­mations of the reins; it rarifies the skin, that the humours contained may be the better digested, attenuated, dissolved when they are thin; and when hard mollified; it turns things to vapours, and helps much by its gentle heat; hence it is u­sed, [Page 194]in pains, to relax, mollifie, digest, dry, binde, strengthen, heat, and also sometimes to cool, but then there is rather to be used an Epithem, as in cholerick inflammations,

The dry Fomentation.

So I cal (from the effect) that fomentation, and baggs which are chiefly prescribed to dis­solve, from whence they are usually called dis­cussing baggs, of which hereafter.

Therefore a stove is two-fold, a moist, and a dry. The moist

Is made by the vapour of some decoction, whereby the aire under the Canopye grows hot.

It is COMPOSED of a Canopy (with a Bath) erected and placed over the sick, on which are layed sheets or blankets to keep in the vapour.

And this is heated diversly by the vapour.

1. Either by stoves fiery hot so placed under­neath, that the Decoction to be used being cast cast on them, the vapour ascends to the afore­said purpose.

2. Or else the Decoction is first poured in (yet so that it touch not the sick) and then into it the stones are dropped fiery hot.

3. Or (which is more commodious) the de­coction is prepared in two Cauldrons, which are heated by turns, and poured into the under tub, as each other cools.

This Decoction is prepared of proper Roots, Leaves, Flowers for the most part hot, cephalical, wel sented, of thin parts; and in quantity as the highest proportion of the Apozems, and to be prescribed with water, q. s.

The USE and FORM, ℞. &c. Make a de­coction, whose vapor let the sick receive under a Canopy close shut, so let him sweat at his plea­sure; let him use it twice a day, long after meat, the belly being first emptied, and that for two dayes: let his stay in it be according to his strength; when he comes forth wipe off the sweat, and let him rest in his bed, &c. the use of this is most convenient in the winter, and spring, as of the bath in summer.

The dry Stove.

That is so called which onely is heated with the heat of the fire.

This is made

1. Either in the manner of an Oven, as in Ger. many, & is usually called a hot house, or laconic.

2. Or else fiery flints are layed under the Ca­nopy on plates of iron, and so give a heat.

3. Or at this day for the French disease, 'tis made of a frame of wood like the cover of a bu­rial bear; and with this the sick are covered, and sheds laid over it; & under it are placed little red hot stones, til the sweat follow plentiful, the par­ty having first drank a draught of the Decoction of Guajack, or some other sudorifick.

The USE is as the other; the stay in them according to their strength, which are thus much wasted, so that they can hardly indure one quar­ter, or half an hour.

The UTILITY; it warms the matter of the disease spread over all the body, and attenuates it; loosens the skin, and empties it; it is very ef­fectual in cold and moist affections, loosenesse of humors, the dropsie, Leucophlegmatia; for it powerfully dissolves the humours, and consumes them by sweat, very profitable for them that are fat, especially those who are cacochymical, if the foulness of humours be either in the habit of the body, or in the veins. In the French Pox 'tis ge­nerally used dry, and is not to be used at all un­lesse the body be first emptied, for then the re­licks are by this way easily quite rooted out.

Irrigation.

It is a pouring of Liquor from high, like rain on any part (but chiefly the head) making it distill out of a snowted vessel, and differs from a Fomentation only in form of using it.

It is PREPARED divers ways.

1. Either of the decoction of divers parts of Plants, hot or cold, according to the scope in the quantity as for a Lotion, made in water or wine, as your indication requires, boyled to the consumption of the third part; in which being strained to one pound, may be sometimes added vinegar, wine, aqua vitae (according as the af­fections be cold or hot) two or three drams, &c.

2. Or of Oyl only plentifully powred, but this is better applyed as an Embrocation with linnen rags dipped in it, especially in convulsions, and affections of the nerves.

3. Or of oyl, distilled water, and vinegar in hot affections of the head; see the Oxirrodinum.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞, &c. of the decoctior, lib. one, two or three, make an Irrigation from high with a stream on the part affected, &c. See the Lotions.

The ƲTILITY; tis chiefly dedicated to hot affections, especially of the head, the inflam­mations of the brain and membranes of it, and that on the forepart of the head; as also in pro­voking sleep, in hot affections and great watch­ings, though of late the Lotions of the feet be used in its stead; tis very usefull in Feavers where there is a delirium; and for hot affections of the head, for it cools much, because falling from high it pierceth the deeper, and because still a fresh Liquor comes on it; and the part so cool­ed, is thereby the more tempered. It may also be used profitably to its cold affections, but most of all to the hot, to which it chiefly belongs; and when we would most of all cool in the be­ginning of inflammations, we do it either with a cooling decoction, Oxirrodinum or Oxicratum in the Erisipelas. In cold affections (though these may be used) we rather use the Fomentation, as also in dissolving an inflammation: in Fractures and Luxations where tis not safe to unty the Li­g [...]tures, when pain is urgent, this may be used with oyl of violets, or to repel, oyl of roses. [Oyls are suspected in Fractures and Luxations.]

Note that the dripping of bath waters may be referred to this place.

Embrocation.

It is not taken here for watring a thing from on high, but as it is at this day used, or for a gentle rubbing of the part with oyl, or for the applying of wool or linnen dipped in oyl or other convenient liquor; for Embrecho in Greek signifies both to dip; rain, or water a thing.

It is COMPOƲNDED and prescribed, 1. Either of Wool, or Lints (which others call bolstrings) dipped (from whence its name) in oyl only, or in some other convenient Liquor, applyed to the part after the manner of an Epi­theme, to be often renewed.

This Liquor is either oyl alone, or some juices only, or distilled waters only, or else all toge­ther in this proportion, Oyl, Juices, Water, ana four ounces.

2. Or as at this day Embrocation is understood for a gentle rubbing with the hand made with a convenient oyl; afterwards applying bolsters of hemp-hurds, linnen or cotten, either dipped or not dipped in the aforesaid.

It is also made of juice only, or of the others mixed with it, and then the Dose of them toge­ther, or of each several is four or six ounces.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞, &c. for an Embrocation; first let the part be gently rub­bed, with it; after apply boulsters of linnen or cotten dipped, or not dipped in the same oyl.

Or according to the former manner, ℞, &c. [Page 205]dip your hurds and bolsters in it, and apply them renewing them often.

The ƲTILITY, the Embrocation of oyls is most frequent after bathings; it is also profi­table to repel, in inflammations, erisipelas, phren­sies, watchings, pains of the head, to warm all parts of the body, they are usually after bathing, the moysture being first wiped off; but evacua­tion should always forego the use of them: but they are chiefly profitable in external af­fections.

To Cataplasmes may be referred that which is usually called a Pultis.

It differs from a Cataplasm in nothing else, sa­ving that that is prepared of the muscilage of things boyled to pap, and this is usually made of the flowry part of things boyled to the consist­ence of a Pultis, from whence its name.

And it is COMPOVNDED,

1. Either of the Flower of Pulse to four [Page 221]ounces boyled in a convenient liquor to which afterwards are added oyls, or if the scope requires grease or some other thing equivalent to oyle to three ouncess or four ounces.

2. Or of the crumbs of white bread as before for an easer of pain, as in the cataplasme, and to ripen.

3. Or of a convenient muscilage and powders, and oyles, but this is rather a cataplasme; see be­fore.

The ƲSE and FORME as in a cataplasme, The ƲTILITY is cheifly for paines, to digest and dissolve; see the Cataplasme.

Dropax.

Dropax, properly called Pication or Pitching by the Ausients to whom it was usuall, is a topicall me­dicine in forme of a plaister; seldom of a Cataplasme, prepared to fetch nourishment and life into the parts, [Page 222]or to draw forth old paines and infirmities that are hard to be cured. This is Compounded,

1. Either more simply of pitch to an ounce, or an ounce and a half, and oyl half an ounce, or six drams melted together, and spread on a a Leather.

2 Or more compound, powders that are hot in the first, second, or third degree, being added to the simple, as Pepper, Pellitory of Spain, Ginger the dungs of living creatures, &c. to half an ounce, or six drams.

3. Or as 'tis at this day made both for the attraction and discussion of humours, two several wayes, 1. Of the powder of hot things, spices, and things of thin parts, to six drams. Mustard­seed, and Pidgeonsdung to one ounce, are made up with pitch and turpentine, q. s. make a plaister for the mould of the Head. 2. To the same pur­pose 'tis made of Emplastrum de Mnscalaginibus 3 ounces, with one ounce of the aforesaid powders, oyl of Ireos, q. s. make a plaister like the letter T for the mould of the head, or let them be in­corporate with Turpentine, and make a plaister, &c. they commonly (but amiss) cal them vesica­tories or blistring Medicines, for they operate without blisters: and 'tis to be done for the most part before the blistering Medicines, and some­times after them, in contumacious affections of the head, to draw the morbifical causes from within, digest and empty them, which said use of the Dropax is now most frequent, and also most profitable.

The ƲSE of the Dropax of the Antients was to apply it hot to any part, the hairs being shaved off, and pul it off again before twere quite cold, [Page 223]and this was done often till the part were become red, which is usually the bounds of applying the Dropax; then is it to be left off, and that being removed, if it be to draw nonrishment or heat to the part, least either should breath forth, the part is to be anointed with oyle of Camomil, that the pores may be shut.

The ƲSE of our Dropax, is chiefly for stubborn affections of the head, and tis spread on a leather like a plaister, and cut in the shape of the letter T, and applied to the mould of the head, the hair being first shaved off, from which you may easily conceive the FORME of prescribing it. It may also be applied to other parts in another conve­nient forme

The ƲTILITY of the Dropax of the An­cients, is to nourish & revive parts extennated and languishing; nourishment, heat, and spirits being by this meanes called forth; and now adayes al­so we imitate them profitably in parts overcool'd and paralyticall. They used them also for other things; to dry moyst bodyes, helpe cold and re­bellious affections; it draws forth humors, that lie deep, and discusseth them; tis profitable in the Palsie, Catharrs, and affections arising from thence, Phthisis, &c. Failing sicknesse, Head-ach, and in other affections of like sort where there is need of drawing forth powerfully, and there­fore they were called of old [...] or drawing discussers.

The ƲTILITY of our Dropax doth correspond with the latter of these, and is chiefly used in cold and di [...]turnal affections of the head or nei­ther parts flowing from thence; for it discusseth and draweth powerfully those morbifical cau­ses that lurk in the brain.

A Vesicatory.

The Antients had in use a Sinapisme, usually in form of a Cataplasme, made of Sinapi, viz. Mustard­seed (from whence its name) which if it were milder, so that it would only make the skin red, 'twas properly called Phaenigmus; but the stronger sort that raised blisters is called a Vesicatory.

A Sinapisme was antiently made of the pulp of figgs steeped til they were soft, and the pow­der of Mustard, neer this proportion: for a strong­one, one part of figgs, two parts of Mu­stard seed; for a moderate one, ana, of each like quantities; for a weak one, two parts of figgs, and one part of Mustard-seed; it was applyed to the part til it were red, from whence comes the name of a Phaenigme, as the name of a Sina­pisme from the composition.

But now instead of those Sinapismes Vesicatories are used, so called from their raising blisters, which are also by some called Phaenigmes.

The Vesicatory now in use is COMPOUN­DED,

1. Either in the form of a plaister, and that two wayes, 1. Of an officinal blistring plaister, if it be extant, to an ounce, or an ounce and a half, according to the largeness of the part. 2. Or else taken 2 or three ounces of Emplastrum de Muscilaginibus, and two or three drams of Cantha­rides; let them be incorporated with Turpentine and spread on a leather, to make a blistring plaister.

2. Or in the form of a Cataplasme, which is [Page 225]most usual, of two ounces of old leavens, and two drams of Cantharides, with Aqua vitae or Vinegar make a paste for a Vesicatory.

But this proportion will serve for a reasonable large place, which otherwise is to be lessened; for if it be (for example) to be applied behinde the ears, one ounce of stuff will suffice.

Note that sometimes there are added of the sharper sort of powders, as pepper, ginger, En­phorbium, to one ounce, or one ounce and a half, Mustard seed to half an ounce.

The ƲSE and Form, ℞, &c. make a Vesicato­ry of a fit bigness, let it be applyed, &c. till it raise blisters, which are to be pricked thorow with a needle, and suffered to run as long as you see fit, and a Colewort leaf a little scalded at the fire, daubed with oyl is to be applied, so suffer it to remain open till the whole humour be eva­cuated.

The ƲTILITY, they are generally used to empty, withdraw by revulsion, and derive divers humors; they are also profitable for humors that are fixed and clammy, so that they cannot be dis­cussed either by mollisiers, or attenuators; for being thus melted, they are easily drawn forth, and dissolved; they also help in the Dropsie, Scia­tica, the lasting paines of the head and joynts, all cold stubborn affections, and as it were de­plorable; it is an admirable revulsive Medicin [...], famous in Catarrhs, falling on divers parts; use­ful in stirring up those that be over-sleepy, or le­thargical, they also help all poisonous stingings, carbuncles, buboes, &c. and are rather a remedy for phlegmatick diseases than the cholerick.

The moyst Collyrium.

This is twofold, the Liquid, which in form of a Liquor is dropped into the eyes; and the grosser which is anointed on, of the consistency of honey or a Liniment.

But vapors are not said to be any of the sorts of a Collyrium; which seeing they are nevertheless prescribed in affections of the eyes, I will first speak of them: so that I shall aecount a moist Collyrium threefold: one like vapors, another as liquor, the last like honey.

The vaporous is not so much a form of a Collyrium, as of a Medicine preparing the humors and eyes, that the vertues of other things may be received to the better purpose; as in suffusions, spots, &c. It is al­so prescribed by it self to discuss, which is altogether the best way, as also when the sight is to be cleared, &c.

Tis COMPOSED or made, 1. of the breath of ones self, or another, as of a boy having washed his mouth, and chewed fennel seed, &c. breathed into the eyes, which is often to be done, and continued sometime, as need requires. 2 Or else may be prescribed a decoction, to the quan­tity of a Clister, made of leaves, seeds, flowers, sharpening the sight, discussing and rarifying, and that in white wine, often in water, sometimes the urine of a boy Childe being added to two ounces.

The ƲSE and FORM of the decoction, ℞, &c. make a decoction in, &c. for a suffumiga­tion, let him receive the vapor or fume of this to his eye, either through a narrow-mouthed Pot, or a Tunnel (other vents being closed) [Page 235]morning and night, long from meat, for so ma­ny days as there is need; afterwards let the eyes be fomented with a spunge, dipped in the deco­ction, or with little bags filled with the ingredi­ents, which let be applied warm by turns, for a quarter or half an hour.

The ƲTILITY is expressed: it may al­so be made to binde, as in the dilation of the apple or pupil of the eye, of convenient things, and in the running of the tears; but the first use is most frequent.

These for a vaporous Collyrium.

The LIQƲID one is absolutely called a Col­lyrium, though antiently Collyriums were properly dry, in the forms of Troschischs which they dissolved in a fit liquor at the time of using them.

But tis COMPOƲNDED diversly. 1. Ei­ther of a distilled water alone, simple, or com­pound.

The simple may be prescribed, either one, two or more to four ounces, make a Colly­rium.

The Compound which is magisterial, and chiefly addicted to digest, discuss, cleanse, sharpen the sight, and take away suffusions, and is to be prescribed by the Physitians, and is made in relation to its quality, of things that sharpen the sight, leaves, seeds, as also Cephali­cal heating things, as leaves, seeds, spices, as Ginger, Pepper, sometimes adding Gall, the Ʋrine of a Young Boy, White Wine, Honey, &c.

As to the quantity, let there be of sight sharp­ning leaves, M. six or M. eight; seeds one ounce & a half, or 2. ounc. Cephalical leaves, M. 2. spices [Page 236]half an ounce, six drams, Gall two ounces, Urine lib. half, or lib. 1, 2. Honey lib. half, Wine lib. 2.

The FORM, ℞. &c. Let them steep eight days in a glass vessel, in a warm place, or horse dung: afterwards distil them in Balneo Mariae; put the distilled water in a glass bottle, and keep it for your use; which is as that of others.

2. Of Juices onely, and chiefly of Leaves cla­rified and infused into the eyes, or applyed with linnen raggs wet in them.

3. Or of a Decoction onely, of Leaves, Seeds, Flowers, fit for the purpose to be prescribed in the quantity of a potion; for four ounces wil suf­fice for a Collyrium.

4: Or of an infusion onely, of metalline things, as of Antimony 1 dram, in 4 ounces of water, which is admirable to clarifie the sight, so also gr. 1.2.3. of Vitriol in Rose or Fennel water is admirable against the redness and pain of the eyes. Or else made of proper vegetables infused either in a di­stilled water, Juices, or a decoction, &c. to 4. or 6 ounces, the Liquor afterwards being strained, and filtrated, is to be kept in a glass for use.

5. Or of a distilled water, Juice, Infusion, Deco­ction, 2, 3, or all of these together, mixed accor­ding to your intention, to 3 or 4 ounces.

6. Or other liquors are used alone according to your scope, as Ʋ Ʋine, VVater, whites of Egges, in paines, &c.

7. Or some convenient powder made of pro­per eye medicines added to the aforesaid Li­quor, several or mixed.

As to the quantity of the powder, 1.2 or 3 drams is to be the most; those that are strong should not exceed 1 dram so with 4, 5, or 6 oun: of Liquor make a Collyr um.

Note also 'tis best to strain a Collyrium for the roughness of the powders, unless it be to scoure.

The ƲSE and FORM; ℞. &c. make a Col­lyrium, a few drops of which, 2 or 3 is to be drop­ped into the greater corner of the eye, or and be­sides (which seems best to me) apply a Linnen cloth dipped in the same Liquor to the eyes, and change them often, so let it be as it were a fomentation, or an Epitheme. Or when the Li­quors are gentler, let the Patient lie forward, and apply the Collyrium in a cup fitted to the eye, so that it may as it were bath the whole eye.

The ƲTILITY, of the liquid moist one chiefly is to cool and quench the burnings of the eyes, to drive away paines and inflammations in the beginning; afterwards to discuss them; also to repel and stay rhewms, to dry and consume teares, to cleanse off any filth from them to sharp­en the sight, and discuss gross humors. Thus much for the liquid Collyrium. Here follows

The COLLYRIUM like Honey, 'tis so called because 'tis of the consistence of Honey, and that three-fold, in the form of a Liniment, a Pultis, and a Cataplasme.

The Liniment fashion Collyrium is made, 1. Either of the powder of some fit things made into an Alcohol, and a fit thing to embody it withal, which is various according to the scope, as a fit Muscilage, honey, butter, oyntment of Roses, &c. according to your indications.

As to the quantity, let the whole composition be an ounce, viz. of powders, 2 or 3 drams, and half a ounce, or six drams of that with which they are imbodied.

2. Or without a powder of the muscilage of [Page 238]fit seeds, as of Quinces, &c. but the former way is the more usual.

The Cataplasm and Pultis is for the most part made onely to ease paines, and that of two oun­ces of the crumbs of white bread soaked in q. s. of milk, to which is added sometimes the musci­lage of Fleawort, to half an ounce, Opium, gr. 2 &c. 2. Or of onely the pulp of a Pippin soften­ed at the fire, or boyled in Milk, to two ounces. 3. Or of both together, 4. Or to repel, of the pulp of Quinces boyled to two ounces. 5. Orchief­ly to discuss, after the manner of cataplasmes, of the muscilage made of the residence of the sight-sharpening decoction bruised and dri­ven through the strainer; see the vaporous Colly­rium.

The ƲSE and FORM of the Liniment, ℞. &c. Make it like a Liniment, with which a­noint the corners of the eyes, that it may leisurely penetrate to the inward parts. Or else it may be applied with a pencil to the eye-lids at the place affected.

Of the Cataplasm, ℞, make it like a Pultis, or a Cataplasme, lay it on a fit linnen cloth, wet in a fit liquor and apply it.

The ƲTILITY of the Liniment is special where we would help the affection of the eye-lids, or cleanse, to which purpose tis most use­full, and also to dry; it may profitably be used to discusse, and for pains, but then it is better in the form of a Pultis: Collyriums are made in this form that by this means the powders sticking the longer, may work more effectually on the part; and if there be any sharp medicines, they are thus allayd. The Cataplasm and Pultis are [Page 239]used only to ease pain; they may nevertheless be applied to discuss, and repel, as aforesaid.

Thus far of the moyst Collyrium: here follows the dry.

The dry Collyrium.

This useth to be prepared two ways, in the form of powder, and of a Troschisck.

The POWDER is made of simples, levigated into a very sine powder, aad is properly called by the Arabians Seife.

It is COMPOƲNDED of Ohpthalmical simples reduced to a very subtle powder, called Alcool, to be prescribed to half an ounce, or one ounce at most.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞, &c. Grind it on a stone with some convenient liquor, to a most subtle Alcool; after dry it, of which let gr. two or three be blown into the eye through a small quill, after it let the eye-lid be gently rubbed for some space: or else that Alcool may be mixed with some convenient Liquor, and so made into a Collyri­um, or of it may be made a Liniment as afore­said.

The ƲTILITY is great, and chiefly to cleanse off spots, suffusions, &c. if powder only be blown in; as also to cicatrize or heal: or if it be dissolved in Liquor, as is said, it may be for divers uses, though this be less usual.

TROSCHISHS, are usually made with­out saying in Troschischs, of the Alcohool, of divers powders, to six drams, or one ounce at most, which are made up with a convenient Li­quor. See Troschischs.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞, &c, with, &c. make Troschischs as big as Lupines, or Pastills to [Page 240]the weight of one dram, dry them in the shade, grinde one of them, dissolve it with the aforesaid things, to make a Collyrium or Liniment.

The ƲTILITY: they may be for any intention, seeing that these Troschischs are onely a conve­nient form for preserving the virtues of the me­dicines, but they are generally used to dry and cleanse, &c. and for the inflammation of the eyes, with Opium, as trosch. albi Rhafis, which also are prevalent for the redness, to digest inflamma­tions, diminish scars, and other intentions of like sort: In this form fit powders may be kept, vvhich are ready at hand for use either in a Lin­niment or Collyrium, or a powder according to the variety of the scope, of which before.

The liquid Apophlegmatisme.

It is like the Gargarisme, which may be called the purging gargarisme.

'Tis Compounded of the Decoction of Cepha­lical things that attenuate and cut, whether roots, leaves, seeds, flowers, neer the quantity of a gargarisme, adding also things that draw forth phlegme; to an ounce, an ounce and a half, or two ounces, made in wine or Mead.

Note, that it may be made more purgative by adding in the decoction Senna, Carthamum, and sometimes Turbith, to half an ounce, or 6 drams.

The quantity of it, and of the things to be dissolved is as in a Gargarisme.

The USE and FORM is the same; for it is re­ally a purging gargarisme.

The ƲTILITY is the same as of the masti­catory; yet because when gargarized, it enters farther into the Throat, and it also draweth far­ther from the almons of the ears, and ousle, and 'tis also thought to draw more powerfully from the brain.

The purging Errhine.

'Tis dedicated to purge the brain of divers vitious humours, which it doth either without sneezing, and then is called absolutely an Errhine, which they other­wise cal a he adpurge, or with sneezing, and then is called a Sternutatory or sneezing Medicine.

Of that which is called absolutely an Errhine.

It emptieth the brain without sneezing, and in re­lation to its form is threefold, Liquid, soft, and solid.

The Liquid is compounded 1. Either of Juices onely of head-purgers, which is pressed out of 4 handfuls of the leaves bruised, and strained with four ounces of white Wine; this Liquor is kept in a glass bottle for use; this is otherwise prescri­bed thus more briefly. ℞. of the Juices newly drawn out of the leaves of green Herbs with white wine, &c, four ounces, eight ounces, seldom 'tis prescribed to lib: 1. unless for a continual use, and in diets.

Note, that sometimes to make it the more ce­phalical, Betony, &c. may be joyned with it, or a little of some cephalical decoction, and that it may the more penetrate, one ounce of Aqua vitae may be added.

2. Or altogether of a decoction of cephalical things, as the Apophlegmatisme is, the leaves of head-purgers being joyned, of which strained, take 6 or 8 ounces, in which either nothing is dissolved, or sometimes fit juyces to 2 or 3 oun­ces, Aqua vitae, &c.

Note that some to purge the more wil-dissolve purging opiates in it, but 'tis better to boyl some fit purger with the rest of the things.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞. &c. Make an Errhine, or a head purge, keep it in a glass bottle; let it be used warm in the morning, two hours before dinner, or also before supper; snuff it up out of the palm of the hand; the mouth being ful of water, continue this 3 or 4 dayes, 3, or 4 times at once, or if a diet be appointed, let it be continued the whole time of the diet.

The SOFT Errhine is compounded 1: In the form of a Liniment of divers juyces, and oyl of Iroes, ana, two ounces, boyl them to the consumption of the juyces, add wax, q. s. make a Liniment, to which may be added a dram and a half of sharp powders; or which is best, half a scruple, or a scruple of Elaterium.

2. Or in the consistence of an Opiate, of two ounces of the aforesaid Juyces, Wine an ounce and a half, Honey, q. s. boyl it gently to the con­sistence of an opiate, N B, that besides sharp or or purging powders, as Elaterium, Colocinthis may be added to one scruple.

Note also that the Opiate may be made with­out Juices of two drams, or 3 drams of powder, honey, q. s.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞, &c. make &c. and with your finger or a feather, anoint the inside of your nostrils, and holding forwards your head, let the humors be drawn forth; tis best after it to wash the nostrils. See Errhinum.

The SOLID is compounded, 1. either in the form of a powder, of fit things to two drams, 3. drams, half an ounce. 2. or in a solid form, and is properly called a Nasal, of the powder of such like things, two or three drams; make it up with a fit muscilage, or turpentine, q, s. and wax, make a Nasal in the shape of a Pyramid.

The ƲSE and FORM of the Powder, ℞, &c. blow up a little (as for example) half a scruple, or a scruple with a quil into the Nostril [...]. Of the Nasal thu [...], ℞, &c. make it in the figure of a Pira­mid, which being anointed with oyl, put it up in the Nostrils.

The VTILITY is after general purges, in a [...]fe­ctions of the head, especially the cold and last­ing ones: and also in them that proceed from choler, and watrish humors, from whence of­ten spring very sharp pains; and for all affecti­ons arising from the foulness of the brain; there­fore in diets it is most usual and most profitable; it purgeth the foremost ventricles of the brain, and the meminges or coverings of it; but tis warily to be prescribed in affections of the eyes.

The sneezing medicine.

Tis COMPOUNDED of the Powder of snee­zing simples, to one dram and a half, or 2. drams, for they are strong.

The USE and FORM, ℞. &c. Make a fine pow­der, whose steam is either to be drawn into the Nostrils, or especially when cephalical things are mixed with it in equal quantity, a little, as gr. 1, 2, 3, by the help of a quil may be snuffed up in the morning, or at other times, when the brain is benummed, or when the birth is to be provo­ked.

The UTILITY is remarkable to empty the brain of gross vapours, and slime from the fore­parts of it; and is profitable in lasting and sleepy affections, to expel the birth, having first taken medicines to that purpose; it powerfully draws from the tunicles of the brain, and is profitable in affections of them, proceeding from cholerick humors.

The altering Errhine.

I call that so which is used to cure divers affections of the nostrils, and this is also three-fold, liquid, soft, solid.

Tis Compounded, 1. Either of convenient Jui­ces drawn out of Leaves with water, or some fit Liquor, to 6 or 7 ounces, in which afterwards is dissolved Honey, or some convenient syrup, to an ounce and a half, or two ounces, and sometimes a powder to half an ounce.

Or of some fit decoction to the quantity of a Clyster; in which also is dissolved honey, or some proper syrup to two or three ounces.

2. Or in the form of a Liniment of fit things as above.

3. Or in a solid form, viz. of a Turund as they cal it, of a powder chiefly of binders and dryers, [Page 250]to three drams (viz. for one) and the white of an egg, some fit juice, or honey to make them up withal; make them up into a Turund or Pyramid­fashioned Tent (adding if you will the hairs of an Hare) and put it up in the nostrils.

The ƲSE and FORM is as that of the purging Errhine; yet the use of this may be at any time; and particularly, when they go to bed, let them put in one; in the morning another.

The ƲTILITY is great, in particular affecti­ons of the Nose, as in the Ozena, Polipus, Ulcers, stench, bleeding, to which Turunds are used, in the form of a Liniment.

The Suffiment for pleasure.

This is chiefly dedicated to grace the Court, and for pleasures, consisting of sweet-scented things, and is either dry or moyst.

The dry is COMPOUNDED, 1. Either in the form of a Powder, the matter of which is either well-scented Gums, as Stirax and Benzoine chief­ly, and also roots, as Acorns, &c. Barks as of Citrons, Orenges; Woods, as Lignum Aloes; Leaves, as Margerom, &c. Cephalical flowers and spices, as Mace, Cloves, Cinnamon, &c. Also Camphire, Musk, Amber-greece, Civet, &c. Of these more or fewer.

As to the quantity, the Dose of the whole may be from one ounce to two ounces, according as the things are costly (but if it be for the perfu­ming the head-cloathes, it may be prescribed to four ounces, of the cheaper sort [...]) Therefore of this quantity, viz. one ounce, two ounces: let there be of gums, half an ounce, or four drams, of powders three drams, &c. or of each, alike parts; Ambergreese, Musk, Civet; as you think fit.

2. Or in the Form of Troschischs, the afore­said powder being made up with gum-fragrant dissolved in a fit water, make Troschischs, &c. of the weight of one dram: so let them be dryed.

3. Or in the form of Cypress Birds, as they call them, of sweet Gums, three ounces, the aforesaid powders, half an ounce, or six drams, Charcoal of Willow-wood two ounces, or three ounces with Gum-tragant dissolved, or Labdu­num melted q. s. make Cypress birds, Caldles for Fumes, &c. Musk and Amber-greese may be added at your pleasure.

The USE and Form of the Powder, ℞. &c. Make a powder, to be cast on bright Charcoals to perfume Chambers or cloaths. Of the Tro­schischs this, ℞, &c. make &c. cast one, or two on [Page 252]the coals; so for the birdlets, ℞. &c. light one of them for a fume for the chamber.

The ƲTILITY: though they seem onely intended for pleasure, yet seeing they consist of precious cephalical and cordial simples, they cannot but cherish the brain, heart, and spirits of them, and drive away malignity.

The moyst is at this day usually prepared, and they cal it a Cassolete.

'Tis COMPOƲNDED best of Gums, as Storax, Benzoin, to two ounces, and if you wil of some of the powders to two or three drams; these are all dissolved in some sweet water, as of Roses; and then Cassolets made for a long use like paste, and dryed; at the time of using them a Cassolete is sprinkled with some sweet water, and then heated over the fire it breaths forth a very fra­grant perfume: and to make it the more delight­ful, you may add gr. 3 or 4 of Musk.

The Ʋtility is the same with that of the dry one.

Suffiment for Health.

That Fume that is addicted to the conservation of health is from its effect two-fold; one strengthening the principal parts, and refreshing the spirits, almost of the same things as that for pleasure; The other altering, as drying the brain, cleansing the Lungs, moving the courses, helping suffocation, &c.

From the forme 'tis also two-fold, dry and moist.

The DRY in general is made of things which breathe forth a Fume, and that wel-sented, as Ladanum, Storax, Benzoin, &c. as aforesaid, [Page 253]and sometimes ill-sented, as Galbanum, assa Foetida, Castoreum, &c. the use of which is from beneath; in affections of the Womb 'tis also made of the powders of things serving to the scope, as of Roots, Woods, &c. therefore in general 'tis made of gums and powders.

But in special 'tis compounded first in the form of a powder of the aforesaid things, from one to two ounces, according as the use is, to continue long or short; and particularly let there be of gums, 2 ounces, of powders half an ounce &c. sometimes more, sometimes less, as you think fit.

Note, that in the affections of the Womb are usually taken among the powders Gallia, and A­lipta Moscata, and sometimes the powders of strengthening electuaries to one dram.

And sometimes a Fumigation or Suffiment is made only of Tobacco cast on coals, or else of the smoke taken by a pipe or tunnel; it purgeth the head and brain wonderfully from cholerick and phlegmatick excrements.

2. Else in the form of Troschischs, see before.

The ƲSE and FORM of the Powder, ℞. &c. Make a powder, of which cast &c. on bright coals, (and if it be for the head) receive the smoke at the mouth; or else smoke the headclothes with it if it be for the diseases of other parts springing from thence, as the Phthisis, &c. if it be for the breast receive it with open mouth, if it be for the Womb, and other cavities, receive the smoke by a tunnel, as also thorow a hollow stool; if it be for paines of the joynts, fume wel cotton, &c. and apply it. But of the Troschischs ℞. &c. Make Troschischs; see before,

The VTILITY is, as is said, either to streng­then, or alter diversly, usually to dry the brain, and consume Catarrhs, & strengthen, for Phlegm contained in the breast, in divers affections; to dry the ulcers of the lungs, of Tobacco, Coltsfoot, Brimstone, &c. to provoke, or stop the courses, of fit things, as also to stay the Fluxes of the bel­ly, as the dysentery, against fits of the mother, of ill-scented things to the superior, and sweet scented things to the inferior parts; to dry and strengthen the womb, and help conception: for Ulcers of the ears, nose, mouth, lungs, womb, &c. for the French Pox of Cinnaber, as is usual (whose fume received in a close place, cures that filthy disease by a spetting Flux) and all affecti­ons depending thereon, as Ulcers, pains. And tis usually made in the form of a powder or Tro­schisch; as ℞ Cinnaber, one ounce and a half, Gum, balf an ounce, four dram of a strengthen­ing powder, two drams, three drams, make a pow­der, or else with turpentine make Troschischs.

The MOYST Suffiment is otherwise properly cal­led a vapor, and is made of a liquor fit for the pur­pose, sending forth a vapor by the help of boyling it.

Tis COMPOSED, 1. Either of a simple li­quor, as vinegar, wine, Aqua vitae, or Rose wa­ter, &c. Note that sometimes red hot flints, are quenched in the vinegar, for the discussing of hard Oedematous swellings; as also red hot tyles to be quenched in vinegar, and the vapor received, as is usual in the time of the pestilence.

2. Or of the decoction of fit simples to be pre­scribed in the quantity of the fomentation, or according to the ampleness of the part. There­fore in affections of the ears, a third part of that will suffice.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞, &c. make a decoction, whose vapor let them receive in affections of the womb, and others also thorow a hollow stool, and a leaden Pipe, or Tunnel; see the Insession: in affections of the ears, by a Pipe or Tunnel, which they vulgarly call an EMBOIE.

The UTILITY is great, especially in affe­ctions of the Womb, in staying or provoking the courses, of mollifiers and attenuators; in the dysentery of binders, in divers affections of the Anus, or Fundament, in stopping and easing the Hemorrhoids; they are also prescribed for affe­ctions of the ears and eyes. In general they may be used to dry, binde, relax, mollifie, discuss, open, &c.

Dry Perfumes.

These are Compounded, 1 In the forme of a powder: see the suffiments: but the quantity of this is to be limited according to the manner of using it; if it be for the greater baggs, 'tis [Page 256]best to use the Violet or Cipreos powder: but for the lesser sort two or three ounces wil serve, yet so that the quantity of the gums be diminished; see above: which in a box bored ful of holes, or other­wise you may hold to the nose in a little knot, or bagg of silk.

2. Or in the form of a Pomander, of the pow­der aforesaid in Suffiment for pleasure, to one ounce, an ounce and a half, or two ounces, adding Musk: Ambergreese, Civet, to grains 6. half a scruple, or a scruple, as you please; And 'tis made up either with Gum tragant dissolved in Rose water, so make two Pomanders to be carried in the hands, or which is better, let them be in­corporated with Ladanum dissolved: so make a Pomander, which anoint with some sweet oyl. Note also, that tis better for your Musk; Amber­greese, Civet, not to go into the Composition, but to wipe the outside of it over with them dis­solved, as also with oyl of Cinnamom, Cloves, &c. alone or mixt, and to renew them often.

3. Or in the form of Globulets or beads, made of the same masse as the powders are; but the pro­portion of it must be according to the quantity you intend to make; to which the Apothecaries to increase the quantity of them add willow charcole finely powdered.

4. Or in the form of a perfumed sope, for the washing of the hands and head, of Venice sope, or other white sope to 4 ounces; sweet powder six drams, and if you wil, Musk or Ambergreece gr. 3, 4 &c. with a sufficient quantity of Rose water in­corporate, and make bals great or little.

The VSE: let the sent of them be often snuffed up, but the scope is onely to cleanse the hands and head from filthiness, &c.

The ƲTILITY is expressed at first.

Moist Perfumes.

They are Compounded, 1. in the form of sweet water; and this is either simple, as Orange-flower water to 3 ounces, of which you may add of Musk, or Ambergreese gr. 2 or 3, The Compound is made of Odoriferous things liquid, as Rose­water, Orange-flower water, &c. 4 ounces, Cinna­mon water one ounce, and dry things, as of sweet powders to 2, 3, or 4 drams, and if you wil, some few grains of Musk and Ambergreese.

2. Or in the Form of a Liniment, which now adayes they cal sweet balsam, of white wax often washed and melted, one ounce, of some conveni­ent chymical oyls one dram, and if you wil, Musk, Civet, Ambergreese, some few grains, or more coursly, of half an ounce of sweet powder, wax 3 drams. oyl of Ben, or of sweet Almonds, q. s. so maken Liniment, adding Musk, Ambergreese, &c. to some few grains.

The VSE of the water is to wash the hands, beard, and hair of the head chiefly: The use of the Balsam and its utility is the same as that of the dry perfume; the hand also may be lightly smeared, and the inside of the nostrils to avoid stenches; to comfort the brain and heart, and the spirits of both.

The purging Pesse

Is COMPOUNDED, 1 either of a pur­ging Opiate alone, to an ounce and a half, or two ounces, viz. for 2 (for two are alwayes to be prescribed, that when one is taken forth, another may be put in) let it be incorporated with some juyce, as of Mercury, &c.

Note, that sometimes powders may be added to the Opiate, either sharp hysterical opening powders to a dram and a half, or two drams, or else the powder of purgers, simple or compound, to two drams; let them be incorporated with juyce; also instead of them gums, as Ammoniack, Mirrh, &c. are often added to two drams.

2. Or of the powder of Catharticks, and of compound Electuaries, as Hiera picra, to 6 drams, or one ounce, together with a dram and a half, or two drams of hysterical altering things; so with honey, or a juyce, or both q. s. let them be incorporated.

3. Or of juyces and honey boyled to the consi­stence of an Opiate, adding purging powders to this proportion, of Juyces two or three ounces, honey an ounce and a half, powder half an ounce.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞. &c. with red Saun­ders, or a silken fold, make a pesse. or else mix it with a little cotton, and wrap it in a silken fold, and make a pesse of the fit bigness, which is to be put in, which being tied to the thigh with a thread that it may be drawn forth again at pleasure, which is usually done after 4 or 6 hours, the dregs may be cleansed from it, afterwards that or another is put in again, therefore they use to have two at evening when you go to sleep.

Note, that before it be put in, that or the interior parts of the Wombs entrance is to be anointed with some fit oyl, the use is to continue three or 4 dayes

The UTILITY is after purgations, and chiefly in cold distempers: in which are heaped [Page 261]Phlegmatick excrements & dreggs; from whence often proceeds barrenness &c. also sometimes when a diet is prescribed, then they are to be con­tinued as long as that is appointed▪ And 'tis the best course to compound them of purgers and strengtheners, of each equal parts. They are also useful to provoke the Termes, for they draw much, especially if you add Musk or Civet to them; 'tis most profitable and usual to make it of pur­gers and strengtheners as aforesaid, to help con­ception, one of which let be worn in some time before the Woman accompanieth with her Hus­band, and afterward let her put in another of on­ly strengtheners and binders.

Of the altering and strengthening Pessary.

Pessaries which do not purge are prescribed two wayes, either to strengthen the Womb, or to alter di­versly.

'Tis COMPOƲNDED, 1. in the form of an Opiate, a powder made of fit hysterical [...]oors, leaves, spices, &c. which are to be incorporated with fit things.

The quantity of powders is six drams, or one ounce, sometimes an ounce and a half, and that which makes them up, either honey or some juyce, q. s. and then usually cotten is daubed with that mixture, and rowled round for a pessary; but when 'tis made with honey because 'tis of a thick­er consistence, there is no need of Cotton, and the pesse is made with silken covering, &c. it may al­so be made up with a fit syrup.

Note also, that it may be profitably made with juyces boyled up with honey to the form of an Opiate.

Note also, that sometimes an officinal Opiate may be prescribed, as Triphera Persica sine opio to half an ounce, and powders to two drams, or half an ounce after the manner of Opiates.

2. Or in the form of a Liniment of six dram [...], or an ounce of powder with Oyl of Spikenard, and wax, q. s. make it a Liniment with which a cotton is daubed, or carded wool, and is formed like a Pesse, to be covered over with a thin silken fold.

3. Or in the form of a Suppository, of honey an ounce and a half, or two ounces, boyled with a convenient juyce to 2 or 3 ounces, adding if you wil half a dram of powder.

4. Or of onely oyntments fit for the purpose, mixed with a cotton, or otherwise; where you would bin de, of Ʋnguentum Connitissae, and a fit powder, ana, an ounce.

5. Or of a handful of green herbs bruised and incorporated with a juyce or honey, adding if you wil half an ounce, or six drams of powder.

6. Or of Cotton only, especially in the fits of the Mother, rubbed with half a dram of Civet, or Musk dissolved, and with other Odoriferous things suddenly put up.

Also a cotton may profitably be used for a Pessary to other scopes, imbued with fit juyces to 2 or 3 ounces, which is effectual where we would bind, to which may usually be added powders to half an ounce, 6 drams as above, or other conveni­ent things, as buster, grease, fat to mollifie, &c.

The USE and FORM: see the purging Pess; the solid pessary should alwayes be wrapped in a thin silken sold, that it may the easier be drawn forth, for else 'twil dissolve; also when [Page 263]you would bind and dry, it ought to be renewed often.

The ƲTILITY is to strengthen the womb, as is said, also to alter diversly, as for its inflam­mations, to mollifie its hardness, and for divers distempers; for all fluxes from the VVomb, the falling of it forth, fits of the Mother, to expel the Birth, and after-birth, to provoke the Courses; but those are for the most part also purgers, which must not be used unless after universal purgati­ons; also for Ulcers of the passage or neck of the Womb, and for suffiments for the VVomb.

This of a PESSARY: Here follow, a NASCAL.

Some will have them the same thing that a Pessary is; others will have it signifie a node or pencil, 'tis invented for Virgins sake, who for shame or modesty refuse a Pessary; or for Women who cannot admit them, as when they have Ʋlcers.

Whatsoever is the reason, they are COM­POƲNDED in the manner of a Node, or Pencil, and are very soft, of fine locks of cotton or wool moistened, either with some fit juyce, or oyntment, or other things aforesaid, the quan­tity of which is scarce limited; generally a flock of VVool is prescribed to be imbued with q. s. of such a thing.

Such are made for fits of the Mother, a flock of cotton being sleightly rubbed with Givet, or Musk dissolved in nard oyl, as above.

The ƲSE is as of Pessaries.

The ƲTILITT in Virgins is the same as of the other in VVomen; they are made for Ulcers in the neck of the womb, and paines of it.

The Simple.

This is made either of the stalk or root of Beets, Colewort or Marshmallows, the outward rind peeled of, to which is added sometimes salt (to augment the provocative virtue) rubbed on the outside, so smoothed over with oyl they are put up; also of the stalk of a Leek anointed with butter, or white sope sharpned like a suppository; also honey alone boyled to a hard consistence, for so it becomes more sharp.

The Compound.

This is made of Honey as the basis, boyled til it wil not stick to the fingers, then adding pow­ders to it neer this proportion, as to one ounce you may add one dram, or 4 scruples of powder at the most, according as the powder is lighter in weight, or stronger in operation; which quantity wil serve for two or three suppositories.

But the Honey is boyled by it self, or with fit juyces to irritate, or for other purposes, of which let there be an ounce, or an ounce and a half.

The USE and FORM, ℞. &c. Make suppositories, one of which let be put up, first being anointed with oyl, or butter when need requires; so that if they be purgative, once or twice a day wil suffice; if onely to alter, they may be used oftener; if they consist of Narcoticks for paines, let them not stay too long lest they induce a Palsie, (and therefore thy use to be fastened to a thread, that they may be drawn forth at pleasure,) neither ought they often to be used.

The UTILITY in general is two-fold, ei­ther to provoke the expulsive Faculty to stool, o [...] else for the proper affections of the Anus, and streight gut.

The Belly is to be moved with a suppository, either when the age of the Patient wil not receive a clyster, as in sucking children, or in humorous people, whose custom and waywardness wil not admit of one, as usually in Virgins; also when clysters put up work not, as in the cholick is seen; or when purging Medicines taken down do not move as they should, or when the dung staies in the belly only for want of irritating; or when it is so hardened in the streight gut that you can­not put up a clyster. And lastly, when the expul­sive Faculty is unmindful of his office, and slug­gish.

Also to revel or withdraw when humours tend wholly up to the head and midrise; or other­wise, when for revulsion sake they are to be drawn down, or purged forth, as generally [Page 274]in cold and sleepy affections of the head, in which the expulsive faculty benummed, is by this means excited, or also when Clysters offend the sick, &c.

And bsides this scope of purging, they are made for the proper affections of anus, and streight gut, of honey as the basis, and other matter serving to the intention, after the manner aforesaid: so to open the hemorrhoids, with sharp things, to stop them with other fit things: also for Tenesmus, Ascarides, Ulcers, the Relaxa­tion and Palsie of the Sphincter, and pains, with appropriated powders, mixed with honey in the aforesaid proportion.

And mark that concerning the matter of laxa­tive Suppositories, some are gentler, as the simples afore recited, for infants; others stronger, which consist of Salt, Mouse-dung, purging powders; simple as Aloes, Agarick, Senna; or compound, as usually Hiera Piera, and also other strong things, the use of which is chiefly in the sleepy affections, as Sal Gem, Sal Ammoniack, Salt Peeter; and Purgers, simple as Coloquintis, or com­pound as Hiera diacoloquintida, to half a scruple, or one scruple: also if for pains, opium be ad­mitted, tis to be done warily, for fear of a Palsie, and you should scarce ascend to half a scruple.

A Purging Clister.

Is COMPOVNDED, of a fit liquor, in which together with honey, sugar, and oyl are dissolved divers purgers; and therefore so many things are to be considered in the composition, but chiefly two; the liquor of which tis made, and the things to be dissolved in it.

The Liquor as to its quality is either the com­mon decoction for Clisters usual in the shops, or a Magisterial decoction prescribed, according to the urgent occasion and intention of the Phy­sitian, of convenient things: and is either Al­tering or Purging.

The Altering which is most usual, is compo­sed of fit mollifying things, heating or cooling, according to the intention, of roots, leaves, seeds, fruits, flowers, neer this proportion, as of roots, two or three ounces, leaves four handfuls, seeds six drams, or one oune, or an ounce and a half at most, fruits pa. eight, flowers pugil. three.

If you would make it purgative, you may do it by adding for phlegme, of Carthamus seed brui­sed 6 drams, or one ounce, Agarick tied up like a node in a ragg, 3 drams, Elect-Turbith 2 drams, for Melancholy 1 ounce, or 6 drams of Senna, Po­lipody an ounce, which is very rare, all which are to be added after the roots, and are pre­scribed to be boyled after the seeds also; all these are boyled in a convenient liquor, or in wa­ter only. (But this is rare to boyl in purgers, be­cause purgers are afterwards dissolved in it, which wil be sufficient.)

As to the quantity of the Liquor, it varies accor­ding to the age of the party very much; for 3 oun­ces wil serve for a child of 4 or 5 moneths old; if one bigger, 5 or 6 drams; for people of ripe age usually lib. 1. for great men lib. one and a half.

But here we must observe in them which are with child, or Hydropical, troubled with wind, and in old Folks we should rather take lesse, so that the whole Clyster exceed not 12 ounces; also when we would have it kept long in the bo­dy.

The things to be DISSOLVED, in relation to their quality, are either alterers or purgers; the Alterers which are generally dissolved, are Honey and Sugar, and alwayes oyl, yet it may be left out when the expulsive faculty is to be sharp­ly provoked, or where we would draw powerful­ly. To these are sometimes added Salt, usually sal gem. where it should be more provokative, as in sleepy affections.

But the purgers are officinal electuaries, either onely lenifying or purging, according to the va­riety [Page 269]of the humor to be purged, and the diverse constitution of the body.

Sometimes instead of them are dissolved pills in the drowsie affections.

As to the quantity, Honey and Sugar are dissol­ved to two or 3 ounces at most; in them of ripe age, in children a fourth part wil suffice, and less in infants. Oyl, in those ripe of age 3 ounces, salt to half a dram, or a dram. Electuaries to double the dose in which they are given by the mouth; but usually they are proportion'd to an ounce and a half, unless they are very gentle, or you would have it work very strongly, then you may add 2 ounces; in Infants you may prescribe a quarter of that proportion; but if you prescribe pils (which is seldom) do it to two or three drams.

The ƲSE and FORM, ℞. &c. Make a Decoction, take of the strained liquor, &c. in which dissolve, &c. make a Clyster to be injected long after meat when the stomack is empty; yet it may be prescribed at any hour when need re­quires, as in the sleepy affections.

The ƲTILITY. 1. To purge forth the ex­crements of the belly, and draw forth divers ex­crementitious humours, from whence soever then are accumulated. 2. To evacuate the adjacent parts, as Reins, Bladder, Mesentery, and Stomack from them; also to empty the more remote parts as the head and breast, &c. for the nether parts, being cleared and emptied by a certain consecu­tion of the humours, the uppermost are also dis­burthened: and for this cause they are esteemed as revulsive Medicines.

The altering Clyster.

This is also COMPOƲNDED of a fit Liquor, and proper things to be dissolved in it.

The LIQƲOR, as to its quality is various, according to the scope, and is either simple or Compound.

The simple is sometimes Milk, or the broth of a sheeps-head, and appurtenance, for a fit Liquor, as in the dysentery, Cholick, &c.

Sometimes of Oyl onely, as in windinesse, and the cholick, and of strong VVine, or Hippocras in the same affections.

Sometimes of chalibiated Milk for an astrin­gent, and sometimes otherwise of the decoction of the decoction of Barly, or with it of bran, Ro­ses for a cleanser, which is usually done: those 3 being prescribed, ana, p. 1.

The Compound Liquor which is generally in use for these sorts of clysters, is the decoction of di­vers parts of plants as aforesaid, more or fewer, which respect both the part affected, and the affe­ction, in the same proportion as is said in the purging clyster.

As to the quantity of the liquor, see there also.

Things to be dissolved in the altering Clyster, in relation to their quality, are very various ac­cording to the variety of indications; though they be seldom altering without purging, unless the indications do wholly disswade, as in the pain-easing, and nourishing Clyster, &c.

Usually there are dissolved Honey, Sugar, Oyl, in the dose aforesaid: sometimes there must not [Page 271]be oyl, but only sugar and honey, as in the clean­sing Clyster; and on the contrary in the Emol­lient Clyster oyl is to be preferred: as also Butter, if you will, and such like fat things.

Besides these, or sometimes without them ac­cording to the urgency of the indications, juices are dissolved, as in the astringent Clyster, made of leaves (which are also profitable in purgative Clysters, of drawing medicines) also astringent powders, as is generally used in the fluxes of the belly, and dysentery: sometimes Goats suet in the dysentery and pains, to daub as it were the inside of the entrails, least the sharp humors in their passage should more ulcerate.

Note also that the yolk of an egg is to be dis­solved, else it will soon harden; sometimes urine as in the dropsie Ascites, so also Philonium in a Narcotick Clyster.

But for a nourishing Clyster, fit Conserves are convenient, white Sugar, Consumption broths, also confection Alchermes, when you would strengthen powerfully; and Tracle also, of which must be well noted, that in the overworking of Physick, and in the Epidemical dysentery, it works mi­raculously and suddenly.

As to the quantity, tis also diverse according to the diversity of the things that are to be dissolved.

Honey and Sugar to 2. or 3 ounces.

Butter and other fat things to 3. ounces.

Iuices to 2. or 3. ounces.

Powders to six dram, or one ounce, more or less, according to their efficacy.

Suet to half an oun. or 1. oun. in whose place also you may use an ordinary candle, by the anointing of which, we see execriations pre­sently healed.

Ʋrine to 2 or 3 ounces.

Philonium to two drams from one.

Conserves, from half an ounce to an ounce.

White Sugar, two or three ounces, as also nou­rishing compositions.

Confections, from 1 dram to 2 for the richer sort.

New Treacle, from half a dram to a dram, or somewhat more.

Yolks of Eggs, in number 1. 2 in a Clyster, to ease pain, gently cleansing and nourishing:

The ƲSE and FORM see before, but it may be injected at any convenient hour when need requires.

Note, That nourishing Clyste [...]s ought to be pre­scribed in a greater quantity, and often to be re­peated, and to be kept longer than ordinary, in others observe the contrary.

The UTILITY appears diverse in the affe­ctions of the gutss especially in the greater; next in the affections of the neighbouring parts; they are made also to alter the intestines diversly, and the whole body, as to cool in divers affections, and temper the heat of the adjacent parts, to mol­lifie the excrements, lenifie the acrimony of hu­mors, to ease the paines of the guts, Reins, Blad­der, Womb: to discuss windiness, and cleanse both excrementitious humors, and the Ulcers of them which have the dysentery, and to heal them: to bind and stay fluxes of the belly, draw forth, and kil Wormes, and to nourish: so that there is almost no affection, or part of the body which may not receive benefit by a Clyster, especially by that which purgeth the belly, and therefore they are profitably prescribed to precede every purga­tion, that the succeeding purge might work the [Page 273]easier and quicker, without either griping or vo­miting; when otherwise many impurities may be left behind, which either may return to divers parts, or at lest offend them with the putrid va­pors that proceed from them, contaminating the good juyces and spirits, and clowding and op­pressing the natural heat.

Of that into the Ears.

They are COMPOUNDED 1. Either of oyls only, or juyces, waters decoction fit for the purpose, according to the variety of the affe­ctions.

2. Or of 2 or 3, or more of the aforesaid mix­ed together, in which sometimes things serving to a diverse scope are dissolved; but in a small quantity, and these which are almost liquid themselves.

As to the quantity of liquid things,

Of Oyls, half an ounce, an ounce, or six drams wil suffice, according to its efficacy, and the con­tinuance of its use.

Juices, VVaters, Decoctions, one or two ounces, either several, or mixed, according also to their efficacy, and the use, wil be enough.

As to the quantity of things to be dissolved, it must be smal because of the exquisite sense, and smalnesse of the part; if they be powders, half a scruple, or a scruple; if fat things, two drams; Ho­ney, half an ounce, &c. wil be sufficient at most.

The USE and FORM, ℞, &c. drop into the ear two or three drops, according to the fa­culty of the Medicine, and sometimes the ear is to be filled with the Liquor: but a little after holding down the head, it is to be cleansed, as chiefly when we use the Decoction; If it be Oyl only, some few drops are poured in, after the ear is stopped with perfumed cotton, especially if it be a cold affection.

The UTILITY: 'tis chiefly used for in­flammations, Ulcers, noyses, deafnesse, Worms, and other particular affections of the Ears; See the Magazeen Physical.

Of that into the Womb.

They are otherwise called hysterical Cly­sters; and the pipe by which they are injected into the Womb, is by the Greeks called a Metrenchi­te, and the medicines from that Metrenchiticks.

They are COMPOUNDED 1. In relation to their quality, as of the decoction of roots, leaves &c. in the quantity, as for a Clyster, of wch li­quorstrained, take 3 or 4 ounces, make an Injecti­on; yet they reserve one pint for many Inject­ons.

Note, that thus is made the Injection simply; but sometimes, and that usually, other things are added diversly; according to the scope, as is said in an altering Clyster, and that to half, or a third part of the quantity of that.

2. Or of the juice of Herbs clarified.

3. Or of distilled waters.

4. Or of some other simple Liquor; See the Clyster.

5. Or of those mixt together, so that 3 or 4 ounces may suffice for an injection, in which if a­ny things serve to the same intention: you may dissolve them in the aforesaid proportion.

The USE and FORM, ℞. &c. Make an injection into the Womb by a Metrenchite, or Womb Clysterpipe.

The VTILITY may be for divers affecti­ons of the Womb, as inflammations, ulcers, paines, windiness, to heat, cool, to provoke the courses, or stay them, bring down the after­birth, for the falling out of the Womb, and to cleanse it from divers impurities; see for matter among the hysterical things in the following physical Magazeen, or other tables.

Of those for the Yard and Bladder.

These are Compounded of a convenient liquor, as hath been often said, simple or compound; See the altering Clyster; they are also made of Emul­sions, as in the running of the Reins, sharpnesse of the Urine, &c.

As to the quantity, three ounces or four ounces wil suffice.

Note, that in this sometimes nothing, some­times honey chiefly, or some fit syrup is to be dissolved to an ounce, and sometimes the pow­ders of divers things, but ground to an exact Al­chool, to a dram, a dram and a half, or two drams.

The ƲSE; ℞. &c. Make an injection by a sy­ringe; sometimes when the way to the bladder is stopped, 'tis prescribed to be done by a Cathe­ter.

The ƲTILITY, 'tis chiefly to cleanse, both slime sticking to the orifice of the bladder, and also filth from Ulcers, for paines, exulcerati­ons, excrescences of the flesh, &c. for heat and inflammation, as usually in the virulent Gonor­rhea, and dry Ulces, &c

Of those for Ʋlcerous Cavities, and Fistula's.

They are COMPOƲNDED of a fit Li­quor, proportioned to the largenesse of the Fistu­la, in which are dissolved fit things, and that somewhat plentifully, where we must imitate o­ther particular Injections, viz. to the quantity of the Liquor. and things to be dissolved.

The ƲSE: make an injection by a Syring.

The ƲTILITY: for the lessening of the callous, or hardness of Fistulaes, but chiefly for cleansing them, to breed flesh, and cicatrize mat­ter, for which you may see in his proper place.