Such words as are alike in sound, and unlike both in their signification and writing, are exprest by different Letters, in these examples following.

• TO assent or agree. An ascent or going up. A sent or savour.
• A peece to shoot withall. A piece of bread. Two loaves apiece.
• Let him that hath a loud voyce, be allow'd to speake aloud.
• I have not received aught thereof. You ought not to doe it.
• The air is cleer. The heir of all his goods.
• He shot an arrow, into a narrow place.
• An eye to see withal. A nigh or neer kinsman. An I and a U will either of them make a syllable alone.
• Take a note of it. Take an oat-cake for your supper.
• A notion or an inward knowledg. An ocean of water.
• To tithe Mint and Annise. Agnes, a womans Christen name.
• An idle person ought not to eate. Anne, a womans Christen name.
• Alas, that ever I did it! A lasse, or a Maid.
• An altar for sacrifice. To alter ones minde.
• A ledge of a Table. Alledge what thou canst against me.
• A lie, or a false speech. My neer allie, or kinsman.
• A light in a darke place. Alight from thy horse.
• To cast a lot. To allot, or appoint for ones share.
• A loan, or lending of money. Why doe you sit alone?
• A lure for a Hawk. To allure or intice.
• Adieu, or farewel. A due debt ought to be paid.
• [Page 2]He adjoyn'd me to do it. A joyn'd-stool.
• A Judge of a Court. Adjudge him to be worthy of it.
• Assoon as she came in, she fell into a swoun.
• That which the Shoomaker got with his awl, he spent it al, (all)
• To assault or set upon. A salt-eel.
• To assigne. To give a signe.
• Attainted of treason. A tainted piece of flesh.
• Shee was sumptuously attired. A tired Jade.
• A mate or companion. To amate or daunt.
• A maze, or an intricate way, or labyrinth. To amaze.
• A rest for a Musquet. Arrest him for the debt.
• A pease blossom. Appease his wrath.
• A peal well rung. Appeal to Cesar.
• A tract, or discourse. Attract the iron with the load-stone.
• An abbetter, or upholder. A better colour than the other.
• Appear the next Court-day. A Peer of the Realm.
• A wait-player. A wait his comming. A weight to weigh withal.
• Tread not awry. A wry-mouthed Plaise.
• Such a queint discourse, as I shall acquaint you withall.

• To bow the knee. The bough of a tree.
• If you be comne so soone to work, it wil also become you to be diligent therein.
• The boughs of trees. He boweth his knees. To bowze or tiple (tipple)
• The sweat of his brows. The bullock did browze.
• Barbarie, a Countrey so call'd. Barbara, a womans Christen name. Barberie, a red fruit so call'd.
• Brute, a mans name. A brute beast. A bruit, or report.
• To baul, or to make a rude noise in speaking. Baal, an idol so call'd. A bal to play with. Bal, a mans name (Ball, ball)
• Good and bad. Who bade him doe it?
• A bead. Bede, a mans name.
• A beaker to drinke in. Becher, one of the sons of Benjamin. The hawk did beak her self.
• Ale and beer. A biere to cary a dead corpse.
• A Straw-berie. Sud-bury, Canter-bury, &c.
• By whose authority was it done? Buy it for me in the Market.
• Set meat on the board. Let the hole be bor'd.
• The bird was bill'd like a hawk. To build a house.
• To bolt the door. To boult, or sift meal.
• To be wel bred, or brought up. To earn his owne bread.
• [Page 3]He was weary in beholding of it. You are much beholden to him.
• A Coney-burrow. The Borough of Southwark.
• Coney-Burrows. Boroughs or Towns.
• A blue-colour. The wind blew it away.

• Cox, a mans sirname. Cocks and Hens. Cocketh up the hay.
• A coat of diverse colours. A sheep-cote. To quote a place of Scripture.
• Cotes, a mans name. Childrens coats. He quoteth the place.
• The clause of a sentence. The bird claweth him with her claws.
• The Butcher did cal, for the caul of the liver. (call)
• Take your course. Let them bury the corpse.
• To take good courses. He courseth his horse. Dead corpses.
• I cool'd his courage. I could not doe it.
• The collar of a coat. I wil cool your choler.
• A culler of Apples. A colour, died in grain.
• A cousin or neer kinsman, will sometimes cozen his neer kinred.
• The Kings Council. Give him good counsel.
• It is a common thing for men, to commune or talk one with another.
• The Wheat is ful of cockle and darnel. A cochle-shel.
• He behaved himself like a valiant Champion, in the champain field.
• To choose a fit companion. The Ox cheweth the cud.
• A wicked crue or company. The cock crew.
• The hounds did chase the Deer, which were in the Chace.
• You come but now, but he is comne already.
• Wicked crues or companies. A cruse or pot to drink in.
• A cruel master to his servants. A cap wrought with crewel.
• He gave his consent, to have a concent of musick.

• The young birds sit under their dam. To damne or condemne.
• A fallow-deer. A dear friend.
• A deep pit or hole. Diep, a town so call'd.
• There are diverse men which are skilful divers.
• A buck and a doe. His cake is dough.
• Concerning the word descension, there hath beene much dissension.
• It is not worth a dollar. Ful of dolour and griefe.
• There is a fish that is call'd a dolphin. The Daulphine of France.
• Who was the deviser of this, to multiply the quotient by the divisour?

• Easter and Whitsontide. Queen Hester and Mordecai.
• John Eaton hath eaten up all the meat. A Scholar of Aeton.
• [Page 4]There were eight swans egs found in the ait. (islet)
• Canst thou earn thy bread? His bowels did yern.
• Emerods, a kinde of disease. Emeralds, a kinde of precious stone.
• He doth exercise himselfe in reading. To exercise or adjure.
• I eat my meat to day, better than I ate it yesterday.

• The cattel did feed. His Atturney was fee'd.
• Pay your fees. She feeth her Atturney.
• I would fain finish my worke. She did feign her self sick.
• They did finde much gold. They were fin'd very much.
• Their naves and their felloes, were not fellows.
• Take heed lest Philip give you a fillip.
• Put the sheep into the fold, when the Mare hath foal'd.
• I fore-tel this unto thee, that I wil restore him four-fold.
• To set forth a mans praise, to the fourth degree.
• Heate the oven with furze. He furreth his gown rich with furs.
• Our hearts are very foul. Fish and fowl.
• His son Francis and his daughter Frances came to see him.
• If it freeze, put on your friese-jerkin. Shee freeth him from danger.
• To kil a flea. To flay of the skin. (off)
• Lice and fleas. She fleaeth her cloaths. She flayeth the Rabbet.
• To fleer and laugh. A flee'r away in battel.
• A sweet smelling flour. The finest wheat flower.
• Sweet smelling flours. The beer floureth in the cup.

• I guest, that he would be a very welcome ghest.
• A ghost or spirit. Thou go'st but lamely.
• Some take delight in their foolish jests. Gests or worthy acts. He jesteth, and taketh delight in foolish jesting.
• Ox-gals. The gauls upon the horses back. He gauleth his horse.
• A gage or pledge. To gawge a vessel.
• A gilt-cup. The guilt of sin troubleth the conscience.
• She did sigh and groan because her corn was not wel-growen.
• To glister like gold. The Physician hath prescribed a clyster.
• A guise or fashion. Mr. Guy's man told me of it.

• Hart, a mans name, or the name of a beast. Mans heart is deceitful.
• A hard heart must be broken. I heard his voyce.
• The hounds do hunt the hare. Men are forbidden to wear long hair.
• Hie thee home. High and low. Heigh-ho.
• [Page 5]Thou hiest thee about thy work. The highest fourm in the School.
• Hide not thy talent. Shee hied her about her work.
• Make haste to doe it. Why hast thou done it?
• A hole wherein things are hidden. A part for the whole.
• Holy men and women are Saints. A work that is wholly finisht.
• When he was in the hollow, he began to whoop and hollaw.
• Stay not long from home. To whom shall I give it? A holme tree.
• To goe to their long homes. Holmes, a mans name.
• I hope to see my worke finisht. I holp him to do his work.
• The hoops of a tub. He hoopeth the tub. He whoopeth and hollaweth.
• Let him sing the hymne, that can sing best.
• The bread doth hoar. She played the whore.
• Avoid the company of whores. The bread, or any thing that hoareth.
• To change his hue. Hughe, a mans Christen-name.
• They have changed their hues. Hughes, a mans sirname.
• A herald of arms belonging to King Harold.
• If hee come wel and happily home, I may haply come and see him.

• I and thou are wel agree'd. Eye me in the doing of it.
• To incite or provoke one to do a thing. To bee always in sight.
• Inure thy selfe to do it. Put this in ure. In your account it is but folly.

• Not in earnest but in jest. A Gest or worthy act. In their Gests they used too many jests.
• Shee loveth to jet up and down. A jeat-stone.
• The juice or sap of any thing. A joice to beare up the boards.
• Let the house bee made a jakes, for Mr. Jaques.
• Shee is of a gentle or milde disposition. A gentil, or magot.
• A jointer, a tool to work withal. A womans jointure during her life.
• A jurdon, or chamber-pot. The river Jordan.

• Mr. Knox, hee knocketh many knocks at the door.
• A kennel for dogs. Sweep the chanel very clean.
• Give me leave to kil a deer. The bricks are in the brick-kilne.

• The Latine-tongue is very useful. A latten-ladle.
• The cow lowed after her calf very loud.
• Take the least and leave the greatest, lest hee bee angry.
• Lemans or concubines. Lemons and Orenges.
• If hee cannot teach him his lesson wel, you must lessen his wages.
• [Page 6]The litter of whelps, were caried in the hors-licter.
• The [...] of wine or oyl. To leese, or loose ones labour.
• [...] that can leap very wel. Lepers that are ful of leprosie.
• [...] in the fittest time. High and low, rich and poor.
• [...], or command. One that is lower of stature.
• A [...] after evill things. A bright lustre or shining.
• The man that was out-laned, deserved neither laud nor praise.

• At his Maneur-house, al things were done in a very good maner.
• He hangd his mantle upon the mantel-tree of the chimney.
• The Medes and Persians. Meads or Meadows.
• Meat and drink must be had. A mete-yard to mete withal.
• The Lawyer sent a message, concerning the messuage.
• A meater that giveth meat to the cattel. A corn-meter. A meteor in the air.
• Martin, a mans sirname. Marten, the name of a fowl.
• Mr. Marshal had good skil in martial discipline.
• Hee did mone and bewail himselfe, when his corne was mowen.
• Moe or more. Take the sithe to mowe it down.
• The cat wil mouse wel, when she is amongst the corn-moughs.
• Hawks-mites. He mueth his hawk. To muse or meditate.
• The poor widows mite. Wee have no might nor power of our selves.
• If hee had had a good minde, hee would not have so under-mined mee.
• His man Maurice did dance the morice.
• Murrain, a disease amongst cattel. Murion, a head-piece.
• Thousands and Millions. Musk-melons.

• Nash, a mans sirname. To gnash the teeth.
• It was not for nought, that the figs were so naught.
• Yea and nay. The horse did neigh.

• O my friend remember me. Oh that my friend would remember me! Owe nothing to any but love.
• Gold-ore. The water-mans oar. The ower of a debt.
• A pair of oars. The owers of debts.
• The ordure was laid upon the ground in good order.
• Our life beeing so short, every hour thereof ought to bee wel spent.
• Neither ours nor yours, wil bee done in three hours.

• To pare the cheese. A pair of turtle doves.
• To pause a litle. The lions paws. The lion paweth with his paw.
• [Page 7]The palat of his mouth was down, when he lay upon his pallet.
• Peter and Paul. Pal, a kinde of robe so call'd. (Pall)
• A Parson or Vicar, may either of them bee a comely person.
• A faithful Pastor, will feed his sheep in a good pasture.
• [...] is not seemly for a fool. The lions preys. The lion preyeth upon the lambe. Hee prayeth for help from above.
• The Judge of the Common pleas, cannot please every one.
• Mr. Pierce, did pearce it with a sword. The scholar did perse and constru [...] his lesson.
• Shee weareth her patens, and shee hath obtained Letters patents.
• Pillars to up-hold a building. Cater-pillers.
• Pride goeth before destruction. Hee pried or lookt into it.
• What profit can we receive, by a false Prophet?
• The propper of it up, was a very proper man.
• He hath no power to powre it out.

• The rain that refresheth the earth. The rein of a bridle. The Reign of a King
• The reins of the back. The Reigns of Kings. The King reigneth. If it raineth get into a house.
• He that was of a noble race, did rase the wals.
• The raies of the Sun. It is not good to raise contention.
• Some herbs are ranker than other. Rancour and malice.
• A red colour. What Authours hast thou read?
• A reddish colour. A radish root.
• Can you give a reason, why a fig is better than a raisin?
• Strong reasons. He reasoneth very well. Figs and raisins.
• It is as good a ream of paper, as any is in the whole Realm.
• Reams of paper. Realms wel governed. Rhemes, the name of a place.
• Mr. Ri [...]e took a rise, and leapt over, where the rice was sold.
• A rite or a ceremony. Right and wrong. To write and reade.
• A wheel-vright. Wright, a mans sirname.
• Rites and ceremonies. Men will defend their rights. Wheel-wrights. He righteth himself. He writeth a letter.
• The rine wherein the brain lieth. The rinde of a pomegranate. The river Rhine.
• Roe, a mans sirname. A roe-buck. A row of trees.
• The ro [...] and hindes of the field. Rowes of trees. He roweth upon the wa­ter. A red-rose. Rose a womans Christen-name.
• When there was a rot amongst the sheep, I wrote him a letter.
• He [...] [...]aught it from of the shelf, when hee wrought with me. (off)
• [Page 8]I had a riding rod in my hand, when I rode upon the high-way.
• When I rode along the road, I bought some fish that were hard-roed; and I discerned, that the Watermen, which caried my daughter Rhode, rowed apace.
• The roads, or common high-ways, that are in the Ile of Rhodes. (Isle)
• The highest room in any house, of the City of Rome. (roume)
• Shee went round about, and rowned him in his ear.
• Shee that did wear a tiffany-ruf, did also wear a rough garment. (ruffe)
• When shee heareth the bels ring, shee wil wring her hands.
• When the bels were rung, thee wrung her hands.
• Hee rued the time, that ever he was so rude.
• Hee that had so many cheeses in the cheese-rack, did also suffer Ship-wrack.

• Hee that made slight of it, had a sleight in the doing of it.
• Hee was no saver in buying such commodities, though they had a sweet-savour.
• Savors and loosers. Sweet savours. Hee savoureth not that which is good.
• The Seas have divers names. To seize upon a mans goods.
• Ceasing from strife. Cessing him to pay a great sum. (summe)
• Wil you not cease talking? Why do you ces him so much? (cesse)
• The buyer and the seller do oftentimes offend. A wine-cellar.
• The one Sutler, was subtiller than the other.
• There was no signe, either of a sine or tangent.
• A Censor or reformer of maners. Aarons censer. To censure or judge.
• The third Centurie. An herb that is call'd centory.
• Hee did sheer the sheep, which he had in Buckingham-shire.
• Cite him to appear. The sight of the eye. The fite of an house.
• Hee was cited to appear. Quick-sighted. A house wel sited.
• A syren or mermaid. Simon of Cyrene.
• A lute and a cittern. A lemon or a citron.
• Mount-Sion. A scion or graf which is to be grafted into a stock. (graffe)
• A sink to convey the water. The Cinque-ports.
• Why wil you have it so? To sowe the seed. To sewe a garment.
• The sole of a shoo. The soule and body.
• The soles of his shoos. Hee soleth his shoos. Soules and bodies.
• Bought and sold. The shoos were sol'd.
• His body was very sound. He fel into a swoun.
• I was in such a strait, that I was forc't to take the crooked for the streight
• A sloe-tree. Hee goeth but a slow pace.
• [Page 9]A sore which cannot be healed. Hee swore or sware an oath.
• A sly-fellow. Sligh, a mans sirname.
• A hedge and a stile. A style or form of writing.
• The hawk did soar aloft. The sower did sow the seed.
• To shoot an arrow. A sute of apparel. A suit in Law. Shute, a mans sirname
• Hee had three shoots with his bowe. Sutes of apparel.
• Suits in Law. Hee shooteth with his bowe. Hee suteth himself with appa­rel. Hee non-suiteth him at the Law.
• What succour can we look for, from a bloud-sucker?
• Some would be glad, if they had but such a sum of money. (summe)
• When the Sun shineth, my Son wil walk into the field. (Sunne, Sonne.)

• To make a wilde beast tame. Thame, a town so call'd.
• A tamer beast than the other. Thamar, Judahs daughter in law.
• A tax or tribute. Hee tacketh it together with ta [...]ks.
• The treble and the tenor. A tenour or form of words. The tenure whereby a man holdeth his land.
• There was one, that was of their acquaintance.
• Hee had more knowledge in hens and turkeys, than he had in an emerald or a turquois.
• We ought to redeem the time. Thyme, an herb so call'd.
• Take heed you loose not the tide. The horses were tied together.
• A foot and a toe. Shee spinneth flax and towe.
• The feet and toes. Bee careful how you tose the wool.
• A toad. Fingred and toed. Hee towed his Barge.
• Go tole the bel. To pay tol or tribute. (toll)
• I told him of it when I toled the bel.
• It is too much for two men, to write in one day.
• A tract or litle treatise. I trackt him home to his house.
• A small treatise, containing diverse treaties, concerning peace.
• I had then more work than I could do.
• The King was thrown from his throne.
• It was through your help, that I came thorow.
• His throat wil bee in danger, if he throw't away.

• It is a vain thing, to let blood in a wrong vein.
• A venter or utterer of commodities. To venture or hazard.
• Venters of commodities. Ventures at Sea. He ventureth it.
• When you fill'd the vial, I playd upon the viol.

• A way to walk in. A weigh of cheese.
• Ways to walk in. Weighs of cheese. Hee weigheth the cheese.
• Fire and water are good servants. Walter, a mans Christen name.
• Deep waters. Hee watereth his garden. Walters, a mans sirname
• To wait upon his master. To sel by weight.
• The waits, or wait players of the City. Just weights and bal [...]es. He waiteth his turn.
• If you were wise, you would wear warmer cloaths.
• A wich-tree and a hasel-tree. A witch ought not to live.
• When you go to the wood, I would go along with you.
• When he wooed her, he was almost woode.
• A wad of straw to lie upon. Woad to die withall.

• A bowe made of yew. You and I are good friends. Ʋ and I are vowels.
• Yews, or yew-trees. Ʋse thy friends courteously.
• Your friends are wel. Put this in ure. A bason and ewre.
• Neither ours nor yours. Basons and ewres. Hee in-ureth himself to it.
• Yee that are wise, use yea and nay in your communication.

Such words which are so neer alike in sound, as that they are sometimes taken one for another; are also exprest by different Letters, in these examples following.

• ASk the carpenter for his ax, whereby he hath done such strange ac [...]
• Abel was not able to do it.
• It will amase you, to see him cary a mace.
• It is al-one, whether it be in company or alone.
• His actions were not answerable to his axioms.
• Bowes and arrows. Cloth of arras.
• Give your advice, and advise mee for the best.
• The valley of Achor. An acre of ground.
• The ant is a wise creature. An uncle and an aunt.
• Since I learned my Accidence, there have bin strange accidents.
• [Page 11]Some are in their behaviour, as a wilde as. (asse)

• To play at bowls. To drinke in boles.
• An Earl and a Baron. A barren wombe.
• A wheel-barrow. To lend and borrow. The Borough of Southwark.
• Hee spent so much upon barley, that he went but barely.
• Boyse, a mans sirname. Boys and girls.
• A bath to bathe in.
• The voluntary Bands were unwilling to come in bonds.
• A threed-bare garment. To bear a burden.
• The childe did begin, to pul of his biggin. (off)
• Our breath is the cause why we breathe.
• If he loose his bauble in going to Babel, hee wil bable. (babble)
• His bile brake, when the pot did boyl.
• John Bruce did bruise his leg, when hee ate the brewis in the brewhouse.
• The litle childe began to batle, when his father went to the battel.
• I did bore a hole, thorow the nose of the wilde boar.
• Who will send an arrant knave, to do an errand?
• Bowes and arrows. Boughs and branches.
• The sause for the bittern, was made very bitter.
• Proud boasters, may sometimes want pillows and bolsters for their beds.
• They both went into a boothe.
• You think that you have taken the best, but another beast may be as good
• Your book is not so wel bost, that you should have cause to boast.
• They put on their boots, when they went into their boats.

• Write your copies, and get you to play in the copise.
• If you cannot leave coughing, you will soon bee put into a coffin.
• When hee cough't, I caught him by his coat.
• To tithe mint and cummin. To bee long in coming.
• Before I played at ches, I unlockt the chests. (chesse)
• His chaps were ful of chops.
• It was a good chare, to set him in a chair, and give him good cheer.
• A capital or great offence. The Capitol, a place in Rome.
• Currants to cary away the water. Raisins and corrants.
• By a necessary consequence, they may prove dangerous consequents.
• Spare no cost, to travel into every coast.
• What were the causes, that the causeys were no better lookt unto?

• The dun colour was wel done.
• [Page 12]Hee was but a dunse, that knew not the duns from the other colours.
• Comely and decent. Of a noble descent. To dissent or disagree.
• Concerning the word descension, there hath bin much dissension.
• When you discomfite your enemies, it is no discomfort to mee.
• Bucks and does. Let him take but one dose.
• It was such a fine device, as none could devise a better.
• Before his decease, hee was sick of a dangerous disease.
• Thou art but dust and ashes, why dost thou lift up thy self?
• In the time of a dearth, not long before his death, hee was so deaf that hee could not hear.
• It was not without desert, that hee was robb'd in the Desart.

• In looking toward the East, shee spilt her yeest.
• Shee doth earn her living, by spinning of yarn.
• You must either take out of the hedge, the ether or the stake.
• His ears were deaf, for many yeers together.
• If you had not measured so many els, you should else have wronged your self.
• The most eminent man, was in the most imminent danger.
• When I was with him but even now, he gave mee good words inow, but money little inough.
• The two sons of Eli. The Ile of Ely. (Isle)

• It was a false report, that you had so many fals by the way.
• The Cook hath more skil in a froise, than a phrase.
• The watermen had many fares, to cary to the fairs.
• His house in the fens, was without a fence.
• When I fought with him, I committed a fault.
• The hounds do follow the fallow deer.
• A gown lined with fur. A fir-tree. (furre, firre)
• To farm or make clean. A form of words. A fourm to sit upon.
• Pharez, a mans name. Fairies and hobgoblins.
• The Farmer sold his former yeers crop.
• A smal flie may flee into a narrow place.
• The fishes had fins and scales. The fiends of hel.

• The Gallants did drink many gallons of wine.
• The child went into the garden, and there hee found his Guardian.
• A glas to drink in. To set a fair glos upon any thing. (glasse, glosse)
• It was but a foolish gesture, that was used by the jester.
• [Page 13]The carman that did wear a jerking, never left jerking his horse.

• John Howel did howl, when he was thrown into the hole.
• Whose hose and shoos are these?
• He was but a homely man, which read the Homilie.
• To hallow or make holy. A hollow place in the ground.
• I do gues that I shal have ghests. (guesse)
• The beadle that whipt the whores, beeing very hoarse, when he went away he rode upon a horse.
• Shee tooke away all that was his. The serpents and the snakes did his. (hisse)
• Let them drive away the hens from hence.
• Holly and Ivie. Holy men and women are despised in this world.
• Hepher, a mans name. A young heifer.

• His man James, did break the jambs of the wal. (wall)
• A man that is ingenious and witty, ought also to bee ingenuous and Gen­tleman-like.
• The way is not impassable, nor the thing is not impossible.
• It doth imply asmuch, as that hee ought to imploy himself wel.
• Why is it not yet done?
• An idol is not to bee worshipt. An idle person ought not to eat.
• As you have work inough to do, so you have men inow to do it.
• His eyes cannot see the ice.
• Joice, a womans Christen-name. The joys of heaven.

• I know that the dog can gnaw a bone.
• It is wel known, that the bone was wel gnawn.
• The knots are fast tied. The gnats are very busy in hote weather.

• The lines are fairly written. His loyns are girded about.
• A man of a lowe stature. The Ox did low.
• A man of lower stature. Why do you lowre upon me?
• When the lead was layd, hee led mee by the hand.
• The leas were added to his lease.
• Hee that told many lies, his cloaths were ful of lice.
• I was very loth to do it, yea, I did loathe to do it.
• When the leases are made, give them to the Leassees.

• The day before Marie did marry, shee appointed the bones that were ful of marrow, to bee boyl'd on the morrow.
• They that wrought in the mines, made knowne their mindes.
• To mince the meat. The Mints where money is coined.
• I did mis the fight of him, by reason of the mists. (misse)
• To mowe down the corn. A mough of corn.
• The maids went to gather rushes in the meads.
• The one mower did mowe more than the other.
• Moles that cast up the earth. Moulds wherein metals are cast.
• When hee had the myrrhe and aloes, hee was ful of mirth.
• A rat and a mouse. Barley moughs.
• To rise betimes in the morning, in a day of mourning.
• The hawks-mues. A muse.
• Her mistres did reveal many mysteries. (mistresse)

• It is neither you nor I, that can lift the nether milstone.
• The nones of a moonth. It was done for the nonce. (moneth)
• Some of the needles which shee used, were needles. (needlesse)
• His neece did neese very much.
• I was never a whit the neer, for al the labour which I bestowed.

• Hee thought it inough to do it once, but every ones minde is not alike.
• Hee that was the owner of it, gained much honour by it.
• You ought to have done it very oft.
• Hee did owne one of them on the first day, but not on the second.

• Pare the aple, but not the peare.
• The woman that went upon her patens, had very good paterns.
• Such as are Patients, have much need of patience.
• The feathers of the pullen, were ready for pulling.
• The way is passable; and the thing is possible.
• Hee had more pens to write withal, than hee had pence in his purse.
• In taking away the beans and pease, hee disturbed the peace.
• Hee layd a plot, how to take away his plat of ground.
• The principal man of al others, taught the first principle.
• Forget not to powre out thy drink to the thirsty, and to relieve the poore.
• A Prince is to bee honoured. The prints may easily bee seen.
• Kings and Princes. A Princes, the daughter of a King. (Princesse)
• [Page 15]Hee removed out of his place, that the plaise might bee drest for supper.
• The time was past, before the paste could bee made.
• Before hee came into his presence, hee sent him many presents.
• Hee sold that for a good price, which hee had taken before as a prise.
• Hee had many puls at the bel-rope. Let mee feel your pulse.
• Writen both in verse and prose. A man ful of prowes. (prowesse)
• To pearce it with a sword. The Peers of the Realm.
• Pontius Pilate. A skilful Pilot to guide a ship.
• They laid a plot for his life. A pleasant plat of ground.
• A parasite, is not altogether so bad as a paricide.
• The leaves of a poplar. A popular applause.
• In al his promises, hee had no respect to the premises.
• Some folks are hard to please. Plays are out of request.
• The heads upon the Bridge are set upon poles. Pauls steeple.
• Some when they have playd al day, wil plead for themselves.

• To trust in a broken reed. To reade and write.
• Hee wrought hard when hee wrote his copie, but hee learned his lesson by rote.
• To rase the wals. To raise the siege.
• A barbers rasour. A raiser of sedition.
• A mouse and a rat. The sheep die of the rot.
• A man that is real in his word. It is worth a ryal. The bloud-royal.
• A child reverent to his Parents. A reverend or grave man.
• Hee was wroth, because shee was ful of wrath, so rathe.

• When they had fill'd their sives, with onions and cives.
• They whetted their sithes: and beeing ful of grief, they fetcht many sighes.
• It belonged to his science, to have knowledg in grafs and scions.
• I lent him my signet, when I gave him the cygnet.
• Cypres-trees. (Cypresse) Cipers hatbands. To stand for ciphers.
• Go to sirra, Sir John wil talk with you, when you come into Surrey.
• When you sowe your seed, drive out the sow and her pigs.
• When the sower went to sowe his seed, I gave him a bunch of sowre grapes.
• When the sows had pigs, al the sowse was eaten.
• Their sores were al healed. A sourse.
• [Page 16]Hee put eight sleaves of silk, into his wide sleeves.
• Shee seeth that the pot is ready to seethe.
• To say wel and do wel. The Sea is never quiet.
• A woman is the weaker sex. There are several sects.
• When the steed is stoln, he wil stand you in no stead.
• At his work hee is very slowe. Hee is faln into a slough.
• I gave unto the spies, great store of spice.
• They sawed them with saws. The Cook made good sause.
• The sense of the words must bee understood. Sweet sents.
• The Seas are dangerous. When wil you cease talking?
• Seizing upon his goods. Ceasing from strife.
• Why do you wear out your shoos, to see the shewes?
• Have no society with him. The satietie of the rich hurteth them.
• When they gathered sloes, they fel into the sloughs.
• Sir John sent for the Surgeon. (Chirurgion)
• His daughter Cicelie, went into the Countrey of Sicilie: and afterwards she journeyed from Cilicia, into Silesia.
• Al the sheep were caried into the ship.
• Hee hath bin very sory for his sins, ever since.

• Counted by tens. Mood and tense. To dwel in tents. To pay the tenths.
• The fire-shovel and the tongs. Wee do often offend with our tongues.
• A trough for cattel to drink in. A trophie, as a token of victory.
• The first tome of a book. An epitaph upon a tombe.
• To bee tost up and down. Make a toast for the ale.
• When thy thigh is out of joynt, send for the Surgeon.
• The scholar had more skil in a trope, than in a troop. (troup)
• Thou desirest to do it, though it bee to thy hinderance.

• The volley of shot, which they gave in the valley, was of litle value.
• When shee was in the vale, shee put a vail over her face.
• In al the long vacation, hee followed his vocation.
• The verges or brims of things. The verjuice and the vineger.
• His vitals began to fail for want of victuals.

• The wilde-man, was able to wield a great sword.
• The dog was weary, when hee did wory the sheep.
• Whether of these two wil yee have? Whither wil yee go?
• [Page 17]By their subtil wiles, they drew them into the wildes.
• They took away the fisher-mens weels, against their wils.
• The wines were al cast away, by reason of the windes.
• The wick of a candle. The days in a week.
• Thou wast unwise to make so much waste.
• Hee did a wicked deed, in opening the wicket.
• Hee did wrest his wrist.
• The man that was in the wood, was almost woode.
• I wist not that he was there, but I wisht that he might bee there.

Examples of some words, wherein one sound is exprest diverse ways in writing.

Sea-ted, con-cei-ted, cea-sing, sei-zing, se-rious, Sce-va, ce-dar, Manas-seh Phari-see, Wool- [...] sche-dule.

See-ded, suc-cee-ded, sie-sings, over-se-ers, pur-sey or fat men, mer-cie, (or mer-cy)

Si-nister, sy-nagogue, Sci-pio, Scy-thian, Cy-prian, ci-vil, Ce-cil, Se-vern, pur-sui-vant.

Si-lence, ci-ted, quick-sigh-ted, sig-ning, sci-ence, sy-ren, Cy-rene, sa-ti-ety.

These syllables aforegoing, may suffice, to give a taste, of al the others in this kinde.

Some special observations, very needful to bee known, for the help of True-writing.

TAke heed that you never put a double consonant with an e, in the end of any word: for there is no necessitie thereof. And the rather wee may be the bolder so to do, because the Learned, both in Printing and Writing, do dayly practise it. Therefore, you must not write such words as these, thus, ladde, bedde, lidde, rodde, budde, but thus, lad, bed, lid, rod, bud: and in like manner, you are to write al other words which end [Page 18] with any other consonant: as al, hal, bal, wal, gal, cal, stal: only for your satisfaction heerin, you are to know, that whensoever a cometh before l, in the end of any word, it must bee pronounc't like au: and then, what need wil there be of a double l, in the word cal, when it signifieth as a verb, to cal, more than there is in caul, the substantive, when it signifieth a caul or tire to wear upon the head? Besides, forasmuch as wee use to write the word al, with a single l, in al-most, and al-together, by the same reason, wee may aswel write al with a single l, when it is a simple word, as when it is compounded. Only in such words, as end with f, or s, they are commonly writen, with a double f and an e, and with a double s and an e, as in chaffe and brasse: yet I see no reason, why custom should bee offended, if the two words aforegoing were writen thus, chaf and bras; & so, al other words of this kinde: but I submit my self to the judgment of the Learned: and therefore, howsoever I have practised the same, in the Work aforegoing, yet I have withal, set do [...]n each word, as it is the other way writen, that so both ways may bee known.

Howsoever (as I said before) there is no neces [...]y, why a double con­sonant with an e, should bee put in the end of a word, yet for some Pro­per names, there is an exception, as in these two, Anne and Emme; but though they are so writen, they must bee pronounc't like An and Em.

But I must not heer forget to tel you, that the observations aforego­ing, which were for the writing of a single consonant alwayes, in the end of a word, are meant onely of such consonants, whose forces are certainly known, and not of such as are not: for there are some, whose forces are very uncertain, as g in tar-get, hath a different force from g, in the last syllable of gor-get: and therefore our custom is, that whensoever the force which g hath in the last syllable of gor-get, doth come in the end of any word, with a short vowel before it, it is exprest by dge, as in badge, ledge, ridge, lodge, judge: and not thus, bag, leg, rig, log, jug: for, the force which g hath in the last syllable of gor-get, is not exprest in the latter words, but it is according to the force of g in tar-get. And therefore I wish, that every one would take special notice heerof, that they may see how needful it is, to have all the letters so distinguisht, as that their sounds and forces, might bee certainly known, the one from the other: for, then such words as these, which were mentioned before, bag, leg, rig, log, jug, (if custom would allow it) might be pronounc't, as if they were writen thus, badge, ledge, ridge, lodge, judge: but as for things of this kinde, I have spoken at large, in another Work, which I intend yer long to publish. As I have shewed before, how uncertain the force of g is in many [Page 19] words, so also, I must speak something concerning the force of c, though it bee not altogether so uncertain as the other: for, c is always known to have the force of s, before e and i, and might wel bee so call'd, if it were distinguisht accordingly; but c before any other letters, must bee pronounc't like k, and ought so to bee call'd: for, what difference is there between the force of c, in these Latine words, lac, nec, sic, hoc, huc, and the force of ck, in these English words, lack, neck, sick, lock, buck? yet you are to know, that our custom is always to write ck, in the end of a word, whensoever it cometh after a short vowel; (as in the words before) except it bee after the vowel oo when it is short, as in cook, hook, book, and the like. And now forasmuch as the force of c and k, is al-one, and yet our custom is to write them both, as in lack, neck, &c. it may be demanded, which might best bee spared? To this I answer, that in regard of the force, which is proper to either of them, the one might be as well spared as the other; for, we might aswel write lac as lak, and hac as hak; yet of the two it were better, to write lak than lac, and hak than bac, because the force of k, is better known than c: but forasmuch as custom wil allow neither, we must (for the present) write both, as in lack, deck, lick, lock, luck: and so al others of this kinde.

And forasmuch as it is our custom, to expres the force of k, after a short vowel by ck, I may fitly take occasion heerby, to shew when que ought to bee writen, to expres (expresse) the force of k, in the end of a word, and the rather, because it is so frequently used; as in Logique, Rhe­torique, Arithmetique, publique, Catholique, and the like: where there is no reason, why it should bee writen in any of them, as also in many o­thers: The best help to know, how to write such words, is to know those words which are derived of them, for if we write Logician, Rhetori­cian, Arithmetician, publication, &c. by the same reason, wee ought to write Logick, Rhetorick, Arithmetick, publick; and not Logique, Rhe­torique, &c. But in some words we must write que for k, as in relique, oblique, traffique.

You ought to observe also, that ch hath two several forces belonging thereto, the one properly belongs to English words, and the other to Hebrew and Greek: or to such English words as are borowed from thence. The force which ch hath in English words, is exprest in the beginning of these words, namely, in charge, chest, chip, chop, chalk, choak, chose, choose, churn. But when the force which ch hath, in the words afore­going, dooth come in the end of a word, after a short vowel, it is ex­prest by tch: as in these examples, namely, in catch, fetch, ditch, botch, hutch. These words onely are excepted, namely, rich, which, such, much: [Page 20] and also the word touch, which is to bee pronounc't short like tuch.

The force which ch hath in Hebrew and Greek words, or in such Eng­lish words, as are borowed from thence, are exprest in these examples, namely, in Cha-os, Che-dor-la-o-mer, Al-chy-mist, choler, cholerick, school, scholars, character, Christ, Christian, Chro-ni-cle, eccho, Eunuch, (which is pronounc't by many like Evnuke:) Shadrach, Lamech, Enoch, Ach-sah, me-cha-ni-cal, Mo-narch, Mo-nar-chie, se-pul-chre, or se-pul-cher, Arch-angel, Mel-chi-se-de [...]h: Yea, wheresoever ch is writen, in the names either of men, women, or places, thorowout the Old or New Testament, it must always bee pronounc't like k: as also, in al other words whatsoever, which are borowed, either from the Hebrew or Greek: a fewe onely ex­cepted, which custom hath exempted; as namely, Ra-chel in the Old Testament, where the last syllable thereof is pronounc't like the last syl­lable in sa-chel: but I rather think, if the pronunciation thereof must not bee according to the other words, it ought to bee pronounc't thus, Ra [...]hel. The word Che-ru-bin is also excepted. And in the New Testa­ment Ty-chi-cus: and no more do I remember. Likewise ch in Architect, must not bee pronounc't like k: nor in any word beginning with arch, as Arch-duke, arch-enemy, and the like: Arch-angel (as I have shewed be­fore) is onely excepted.

It is also needles, (needlesse) to put a double consonant in the midle of such words as these, namely, in saddle, meddle, fiddle, cobble, bubble: but rather write them thus, sadle, medle, fidle, coble, buble: for what use is there of a double b, in bubble, more than there is in double and trouble?

I give you farther to understand, that if the vowels were so distinguisht one from another, as that their sounds might bee certainly known, when they are long, and when they are short, there is no necessitie that any word whatsoever, should have a double consonant, either in the midle, or any part of it, unles it bee to shewe the Etymologie thereof: and this may plainly appeare, even by our own practice, in the writing of many English words: as for example, what use is there of a double: in dittie, more than there is in Citie; or of a double d in ruddy, more than in studie; or of a double d in sodden, more than there is in troden? But forasmuch as our vowels are not so distinguisht, as to know when they are long and when they are short, wee are inforc't to use a double con­sonant, where a single might serve: as for example, these two words, fill'd and fil'd, as they are exprest in fill'd up to the brim, and fil'd with a file, they might either of them, bee writen with a single l, if their vowels were so distinguisht, that the long vowel in the one word, might bee known from the short vowel in the other: as also, these two words, [Page 21] pinn'd and pin'd, might either of them bee writen with a single n, if there were the like distinction. Multitudes of examples might bee given in this kinde, but these may suffice.

But although the sounds of our vowels, are not so distinguisht one from another, as they should bee, yet I see no reason, why a double l, should bee writen, in any derivative word, where the vowel in the simple word, is known by custom, to bee long of it self, as for example, in these three simple words, namely, cal, wal, fal, where the vowel a is wel known to have the sound of au: and therefore, why may not these three deriva­tives, ca-ling, wa-ling, and fa-ling, bee so writen; forasmuch as their syllables are to bee pronounc't, like cau-ling, wau-ling, and fau-ling? Again, forasmuch as the sound of o, is wel known to bee long before I, in the end of many simple words, as in roll, poll, toll, which may as wel bee writen thus, rol, pol, tol, why may not their derivatives bee writen thus, ro-ling, to-ling, po-ling? But heerin, (as in other things before) I submit my self to the judgement of the Learned.

You are to know also, that whensoever e cometh in the end of any English word whatsoever, except the article the, it hath no use for sound of it self; and therefore might bee altogether left out, if wee had long vowels to expres our words withal: but forasmuch as this is wanting, wee are inforc't to make use of e in the end of a word, to shewe there­by, the vowel going before to bee long: as in these words, vale, male, mane, mare; to distinguish them from val, mal, man, mar: as also in these words, wine and wile, to distinguish them from win and wil; whose vowels are short. But it were to bee wisht, that the vowels might bee so distinguisht, as that their sounds might bee certainly known, to bee long of themselves, without any other help. And surely, in some cases, there is an absolute necessitie for the doing of it; if wee desire that there should bee any certaintie in the pronouncing of our words▪ an ex­ample thereof, you may see in these two words, win-der, and wil-der, where the first syllable in either of them must bee pronounc't long, as in wine, and wile: The neglect of distinguishing the long vowels from the short, is the cause, why many words are pronounc't two several ways: for some men cal the winde, the wind; and so accordingly, they mispro­nounce the derivatives of the same word. Again, in the word wil-der, the first syllable thereof, must bee pronounc't like the word wile, but in the word wil-der-nes, it must bee pronounc't like wil. What great uncertain­tie is this for the learner! And how great a benefit might the whole Nation receive thereby, if these things were amended! I wish therefore, that al such as love Learning, would take this into their serious conside­ration.

[Page 22]Thus much have I thought good to speak, by way of digression. And now I return again to my former discourse, concerning the use of e in the end of a word, which (as I said before) is onely useful, to shewe the vowel to be long which went before: and therefore, in al such words, where the vowel or the diphthong, that went before, is wel known to bee long of it self, what need wil there be of an e, in the end thereof? As for example, in these words, lead, laud, seed, fool, pail, void, cloud, and the like, the vowels and diphthongs, are so wel known to bee long, of themselves, as that there needs no e in the end, to make them known. Nevertheles, you are to observe, that there are many words, wherein such vowels are, which are commonly known to bee long in the most words, and yet in some, they are to bee pronounc't short, as in these words, head, read, stead, hea-dy, rea-dy, stea-dy, and such like: it is there­fore (for the present) very meet, to put an e in the end of some such words, as in reade, the present tense, to distinguish it from the short sound of read, the preterimperfect tense. Also, there is no need of an e, in the end of such words, as harm, learn, corn, burn, part, hurt, hand, bound hang, thing, sing, song, hung, and such like: You are therefore to bee care­ful, that you never put an e, in the end of any such words as these a­foregoing, but specially, in the latter words, whereof the word sing, is one, for, if you should put an e, to the end of it, it would alter the sense thereof, and make it in stead of sing, to become singe. Also, it is to bee observed, that where it is not needful to use e, in the end of the sin­gular number, it shall not bee needful, to use e in the plural, and there­fore the plurals are to bee writen thus, seeds, fools, pails, clouds, harms, parts, bands, bands, bounds, things, songs, rings, strings, swings: but not thus, seedes, fooles, pailes, cloudes, harmes, partes, handes, bandes, boundes, thinges, &c. In such words as these aforegoing, custom hath already given way, for the leaving out of e in the end, and therefore wee may boldly practise it. But there are diverse words, which as yet would seem strange, and therefore, for customs sake wee use it, although there bee no more ne­cessity, for the using of it in these words, than was in the former: as in fee-ble, stee-ple, nee-dle, tem-ple, peo-ple, and such like. And heer it may bee observed, from such syllables as these aforegoing, that some kinde of syl­lables, may bee exprest without a vowel: for, what use hath e for sound in the last syllable of the word fee-ble? And therefore, if custom would give way thereto, such words, might rather bee writen thus, fee-ble, stee-pl, nee-dl, tem-pl, peo-pl. And heer by the way, wee may take it into con­sideration, whether o in peo-ple, were not better to bee left out, and the word to bee writen thus, pee-ple.

[Page 23]There bee also, many other words, wherein e might very wel bee spared, as in give, live, sive, and the like; for, the vowel which went before in either of them is short, and therefore needs no e in the end, to shewe it to bee long: such words therefore might bee writen thus, giv, liv, siv. As also, such words as these, mouse, house, and the like, forasmuch as the diphthong going before, in either of them, is wel known to bee long of it self, what need is there of an e in the end, to make it known? The words therefore, they might bee writen thus, mous, hous, and so, al other words of this kinde. But I leave these things to the consideration of the Learned.

You ought also to observe, that it is not needful to write e after y, in the end of any word: because y, wil serve sufficiently of it self, to expres the sound of ie in the end of a word, as y in cry, is wel known to ex­pres the like sound as ie doth in crie: and therefore we ought not to write crye, trye, &c.

It is also very needful, for the help of True-writing, that you diligent­ly observe, when you are to write y, for i the vowel: understand therefore in the first place, that it ought most naturally, and truly to bee writen, in al such words as are borowed of the Greek, as Synagogue, Physician, hy­pocrite, mystery, and such like. But forasmuch as custom hath received it, and withal the Learned do so frequently practise it, I see no reason, why wee may not use it for a vowel, as formerly we have done: for, in many words (according to our custom in writing) it is, as if it were natural­liz'd, as in my, by, thy, why: for these words are always so writen: but in many other words, they are differently writen: as for example, some write thus, die, tie, lie, stie, crie, spie: and some write thus, dy, ty, ly, sty, cry, spy: for mine owne part, I think, that both these ways of writing, may stil bee reteined: yet so, as that the first sort may bee constantly used for nouns, and the last for verbs, for in so doing, by adding s, to the first sort, they wil become nouns of the plural number: as die dies, tie ties, lie lies, stie sties, crie cries, spie spies: and by adding ing, to the last sort, which are verbs, they wil become participles: as dy dy-ing, ty ty-ing, ly ly-ing, sty sty-ing, cry cry-ing, spy spy-ing. As for y, which is used for a vowel, in the diphthong ay, forasmuch as it is so constantly used, in the end of a word, as in may, lay, say, day, way, pay: it may therefore, be constantly used, both in nouns and verbs: and not onely, in the singular number of a noun, but also in the plural, as day days, way ways, stay stays: and it is not onely to bee used before ing, as in stay-ing, but also before eth as in stayeth, and be­fore ed as in stayed: and so in al other words, which have the like end­ings.

[Page 24]It is our custom in writing, to use y for i, in multitudes of words: yea I think, that there is scarcely any word (not beeing a substantive) that, ends in i, but may (according to our custom) bee writen with y: as tary, cary, very, weary, heady, ready, fully, happy, trusty, lusty: and what not?

It is very meet therefore, that any word, which is a substantive, should never end in y, but always in ie, as Citie, dittie, treatie, bellie: and so al others, save onely in some words, where l and n went before: as in alley, valley, journey, Atturney, and the like. Any of these words afore­going, by putting s to the end, wil make nouns of the plural number, as Citie Cities, dittie ditties, treatie treaties, bellie bellies, alley alleys, valley val­leys, journey journeys, Atturney Atturneys: and so in al others whatsoever, of either kinde.

Thus much may suffice to have spoken, concerning y, when it is to bee used for a vowel in the end of a word: and now it wil bee expected, that I should shewe also when it ought to bee writen, both in the beginning and the midle of a word: I desire therefore, that I may give satisfaction heerin: for I am not ignorant, that some are very much affected, with the writing of y, for i, in the beginning of some words, as in yron, ydel, ynow, ynough, ynke, ynck, ynckling, with diverse others: but the words a­foregoing, ought to bee writen thus, iron, idol, inow, inough, ink, inch, inkling: and heer withal I give you to understand, that it is not needful, to put y for i, in the beginning of any English whatsoever; except it bee in such a word, that is borowed from the Hebrew, or Greek, which for the present, I know none.

Some doe also use y for i, in the midle of many words, as in gyant, sythe, tythe, hyde, tyde: which ought to be writen thus, giant, sithe, tithe, hide, tide: and heer also, you are to take notice, that it is not needful to put y for i, in the midst of any English word whatsoever: except it bee in such a word, that is borowed from the Greek: as I have shewed before, in the beginning of this discourse, concerning y.

It is also very needful to know, how words are to bee writen, when they end with the sound of a diphthong: you are to observe therefore, that al words which end with the sound of eu, are writen with ew: as few, hew, dew: and they are exprest also in these three words, few-er, hew-er, dew-lap. Such words as end with the sound of oi, are writen with oy, as boy, joy, coy, toy, and such like.

Such words as end with the sound of ou, are writen with ow, as how, now, cow, sow, bow, vow; and such like. The pronoun thou, is onely excepted; and such words as end in ough (where gh is not pronounc't) as bough, slough, and such like.

[Page 25]Two of the words aforegoing, namely, sow and bow, are differently pronounc't, as in these examples, A sow and her pigs. To sow the seed. To bow the knee. A bow to shoot withal.

The sounds of al such words, as these aforegoing, which are so un­certain, they might (for the present) bee so distinguisht, as to make them better known than now they are: that is, by putting an e in the end of one of them: as in these examples, The sow cannot sowe. Hee cannot bow the bowe.

But there are many words which (for the present) cannot bee so distin­guisht, as to make them known the one from the other, as in these exam­ples, Hee did use it for a good use. Hee did excuse himself with a bad excuse. Hee did offer mee a great abuse, to abuse mee so.

Also, there are many words writen alike, without any distinction, which differ onely in the accent, that is, in the lifting up of the voice in one syl­lable higher than in another, as in these examples, A convert. To convert. A rebel. To rebel. The incense. To incense. Wherein you may observe, that any word writen alike, consisting of two syllables, which may have a or the, put before it, the first syllable thereof, is to be lifted up: and that which cannot, the latter syllable thereof is to be lifted up. As also, the like may bee observed, for any other words of two syllables, which are not alike in writing.

Some words there be, which are alike, both in their writing and sound, and yet differ in their signification: as in these examples, The water in the wel, wil make him wel. The bel-weather, was in the fields with the sheep, in foul weather.

There bee some words, diversly writen and sounded, in the same sense, as in these examples, namely, enquire and inquire, enform and inform, en­cline and incline, endite and indite, &c. It were to be wisht, that there were a greater uniformitie, both in our speaking and writing, not onely in words of this kinde, but also in many others. But it may bee demanded of mee, for such words as these aforegoing. Which is the best way for the true pronouncing and writing of them? To this I answer. That if any derivative words bee commonly writen and pronounc't with i in the beginning, wee may conclude from thence, that their primitives ought to bee so pronounc't and writen also. But these two words, inquisition and inclination, bee always both writen and pronounc't with i, by the same reason, wee ought to pronounce and write, inquire and incline, and not enquire and encline. The like may bee said for al other words of this kinde: and therefore in stead of en, wee ought always to write in.

[Page 26]You ought to observe also, that al words of more than one syllable, ending in this sound us, (according to our custom) they are writen with ous, but pronounc't like us, as in glo-ri-ous, ver-tu-ous, righ-te-ous, and the like. But if ly or nes, bee added to such words, the sound of us, is writen with ous, as in glori-ous-ly, ver-tu-ous-ly, righ-te-ous-nes. &c. But al words of one syllable, that end in us, are writen thus, us, thus, and trus. (or trusse)

In some words before some letters, you are to observe that a, is to bee pronounc't like au, and to be writen in stead thereof, as in these words, namely, in bald, scald; as also, in mult, halt, salt, shalt.

Also, you are to observe, that it is our custom, to pronounce al, like au, and to write it in stead thereof: as in balk, walk, talk, stalk, chalk, malkin, calkin, calkers, falcons; as also, in almond, alms, halm, balm, palm, calm, shalm, psalm, malmsey: and in like maner, it is used in these words, namely, in calf, half, salve, salves, calve, calves, halve, halves: as al­so in scalp, scalps. And as al, is writen for au in the roots, so it is to bee in the branches, and also, to bee pronounc't accordingly, as in halving, calving, salving, balking, walking, &c.

You must observe also, that the sound of ee, before some letters, is ex­prest by ie, as in field, wield, shield, siel'd, Priest, piece, grief, grieve, thief, thieve, chief, atchieve, brief, relieve, relief, siege, liege, Pierce, fierce, biere, Lieu­tenant, which is to be pronounc't like Lief-tenant.

It is to bee observed also, that when a word ends in ence, if it bee a noun, it is usually writen with ce in the end, as a fence, and a recompence: but if it bee a verb, it is writen with se in the end, as to fense, and to re­compense: and in words of other endings accordingly; as a practice, to practise, and the like.

Take notice also, that al compound words, wherein sh, th, or ph, is wri­ten, they ought to bee divided thus, as hous-hold, fals-hood, gos-hawk, gras-hopper, dis-honest, dis-honour, mis-hap: and not thus, houshold, falshood, &c. So likewise, Priest-hood, Neat-herd, and not Priesthood, Neatherd: Also, Shep-herd, up-hold, Ʋp-holster, and not Shepherd, uphold, Ʋpholster.

This one thing also, (both for the True-pronouncing, and Wri­ting of English) in a special maner ought to bee observed, namely, that most of our English words (as they are commonly pronounc't) are mo­nosyllables: for, howsoever wee use to Write thus, leadeth it, maketh it, noteth it, raketh it, per-fumeth it, &c. Yet in our ordinary speech (which is best to bee understood) wee say, leads it, makes it, notes it, rakes it, per­fumes it. Yea, custom hath so far prevailed in this kinde, not onely, with the Learned in their Writings, but also, with the Pres: (Presse) as it may most plainly appear, by many wel-Printed Books, now extant. [Page 27] Therefore, whensoever eth, cometh in the end of any word, wee may pro­nounce it sometimes as s, & sometimes like z, as in these words, namely, in bolteth it, and holdeth it, which are commonly pronounc't, as if they were writen thus, bolts it, and holds it: save onely in such words, where either c, s, sh, ch, g, or x went before it: as in graceth, pleaseth, wash­eth, matcheth, rageth, taxeth: for, these must still remaine as two sylla­bles. Howbeit, if men did take notice, how they use to speak, in their ordinary speech one to another, they might plainly perceive, that in stead of graceth, they say graces, and so they pronounce al other words of this kinde, accordingly: But I leave this, as also, many other things to the consideration of such, as are judicious: hoping that they wil take in good part, whatsoever hath bin done, in the Work aforegoing: that so, I may bee incouraged yer long, to publish a far greater, where­in such things as have bin heer omitted, shal bee spoken of at large. In the mean time (for a conclusion) I have thought it good, to give a taste thereof, in the syllables and words following; wherein are exprest the true sounds of al the vowels and diphthongs, which are proper to the English-tongue.