The compleat soldier, or expert artillery-man Containing the several postures and exercises of the pike and musquet; the various beats of the drum; and what else is necessary for a young soldier to understand. Also, divers ways of exercising a company, very useful for all officers, and others, that delight in military affairs. 1681 Approx. 229 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 130 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2014-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 2). A80295 Wing C5653A ESTC R228408 99896979 99896979 170789

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 Early English books online text creation partnership. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 2, no. A80295) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 170789) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 2462:7) The compleat soldier, or expert artillery-man Containing the several postures and exercises of the pike and musquet; the various beats of the drum; and what else is necessary for a young soldier to understand. Also, divers ways of exercising a company, very useful for all officers, and others, that delight in military affairs. [16], 139 [i.e. 239], [1] p. : diagrams printed by A. G. and J. P. for Thomas Sawbridge, at the Three Flowers-de-Lys in Little-Britain, London : 1681. P. 239 misnumbered 139. Reproduction of original in the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D.C.

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 eng Military art and science -- Early works to 1800. Soldiers -- Early works to 1800. 2020-09-21 Content of 'availability' element changed when EEBO Phase 2 texts came into the public domain 2012-06 Assigned for keying and markup 2012-06 Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2013-02 Sampled and proofread 2013-02 Text and markup reviewed and edited 2014-03 Batch review (QC) and XML conversion

THE COMPLEAT SOLDIER, OR EXPERT Artillery-Man. CONTAINING The ſeveral Poſtures and Exerciſes of the Pike and Musquet; the various Beats of the Drum; and what elſe is neceſſary for a young Soldier to underſtand. ALSO, Divers ways of Exerciſing a Company, very uſeful for all Officers, and others, that delight in Military Affairs.

Quanta eſt armorum gloria!

LONDON, Printed by A. G. and J. P. for Thomas Sawbridge, at the Three Flowers-de-Lys in Little-Britain, 1681.

To the Honourable Sir Joſeph Sheldon, KNIGHT, Alderman of the Honourable City of LONDON.

THE very Title of this BOOK is a kind of Dedication; and you may juſtly challenge it, by bearing ſo eminent an Office in the Artillery. Letters and Arms are the two things that govern the whole World; both ſeem to have been monopolized by your generous Family, the former by a Learned Archbiſhop, the latter by your ſelf. And though that great good Man has left this World, a grave and learned Prelate ſtill ſurvives, a collateral Ornament to the name of Sheldon. The Book I here humbly lay down at your Feet, was compiled by a Cheſhire Gentleman, in Commiſſion for that County; his Modeſty will not permit him to put his name to it. Modeſty! that inherent Virtue in all truly noble and generous Souls. His Labour has been great, for ſmaller Tracts require more judgment and induſtry than greater Volumes, as tranſlating is more difficult than writing. He has made uſe of ſeveral Authors of the beſt note upon this Subject among the Ancients, as Plutarch, Vegetius, Xenophon, Homer, Juſtin, Tully, Aelian's Tacticks, &c. the Moderns he has digeſted in ſo compendious a method, that this ſmall Book will be certainly moſt extreamly pleaſing; the bulk of other Books of this nature being ſo large, that they require much Time to peruſe, and Money to purchaſe; of which two things, many perſons deſirous of Experience in Military Affairs, can ſpare neither. Uſeful I preſume this ſmall Tract will be, eſpecially in ſuch dangerous Times, wherein no Poſture is more convenient than that of Defence. Eſpecially conſidering that many Trades and Occupations (excepting thoſe of Handicrafts) are ſedentary, and in expectation, thoſe intervals of time may be herein ſpent by the Youth of this populous City; by the help of this they may be their own Tutors, and every private Shop ſeem an Academy for Arms.

To you therefore, Honourable Sir, I Dedicate this Piece, humbly deſiring you to honour it with your Acceptance; and that you may long live the Glory of this great City for your Loyalty, Conduct, and Experience, both in Arms and Peace, is the Hearty wiſh of,

Your moſt humble Servant, E. RAWLINS.
THE CONTENTS. Chap. 1. THE Introduction. Pag. 1 Chap. 2. The Definition of Poſture. 6 Chap. 3. Of the Poſture of the Pike. 7 Chap. 4. The Poſtures of the Pike in a ſhorter manner, fit for the Service of the Field. 18 Chap. 5. The Poſtures of the Musquet, the Caliver, with the Match and Reſt, and without. Pag. 15 Chap. 6. More Poſtures of the Musquet, with or without the Match or Reſt. 20 Chap. 7. The Conformity of the Poſtures betwixt the Musquet and Pike. 25 Chap. 8. The place of Dignity of a Soldier, both in Rank and File. 27 Chap. 9. Reaſons for precedency of Dignity in Ranks and Files. 33 Chap. 10. Several Beats and Points of War belonging to the Drum. Pag. 37 Chap. 11. Of ſeveral Diſtances. 43 Chap. 12. What is meant by Facing, with the words of Command belonging thereunto; as likewiſe ſeveral Poſtures and Figures. 46 Chap. 13. Of marching a Company in Diviſions; the Order and Places of the Officers and Drums. 58 Chap. 14. The firſt days Exerciſe of a Company. 63 Chap. 15. Of Converſion and Inverſion, with ſome words of Command and Reducements. Pag. 71 Chap. 16. Of Countermarches, with their ſeveral kinds. 81 Chap. 17. Of Wheelings, and their ſeveral uſes. 89 Chap. 18. The ſecond days Exerciſe. 96 Chap. 19. Several Firings to be performed with any number of Men upon all occaſions, either to the Front, Reer, or both Flanks. 97 Chap. 20. The third days Exerciſe. 106 Chap. 21. A Doubling to make every Man a File-Leader by Dignity. Pag. 107 Chap. 22. Eighteen ſeveral Doublings, with their Reducements. 110 Chap. 23. Twelve ſeveral Countermarches, with their Reducements. 112 Chap. 24. Twelve ſeveral Wheelings, with their Reducements. 114 Chap. 25. Several Firings, with Figures of Battel, for 72 Men. 117 Chap. 26. The fourth days Exerciſe, ſhewing by a Doubling how every Man becomes a File-Leader by Succeſſion. Pag. 133 Chap. 27. Several Doublings by Countermarches, with Reducements. 135 Chap. 28. Several Figures of Battel, with Firings upon the ſame, for 72 Men. 141 Chap. 29. The fifth days Exerciſe, ſhewing the ſeveral Diſtances, &c. 165 Chap. 30. Several Figures of Battel, with Firings upon the ſame. 170 Chap. 31. The ſixth days Exerciſe. 194 Chap. 32. Entire Doublings to the Right Flank. 198 Chap. 33. Diviſional Doublings to the Right Flank. Pag. 204 Chap. 34. Entire Doublings to the Right Flank by Wheelings. 206 Chap. 35. Diviſional Doublings to the Right Flank by Wheelings. 208 Chap. 36. Figures of Battel, with Firings upon the ſame. 210
Books printed for Thomas Sawbridge, at the Three Flowers-de-Lys in Little-Britain. THE Art of Dyalling; performed Geometrically, by Scale and Compaſſes; Arithmetically, by the Canons of Sines and Tangents; Inſtrumentally, by a Trigonal Inſtrument, accommodated with Lines for that purpoſe, &c. by William Leybourn. In 4o. Multum in Parvo, or the Pen's Gallantry; a Copy-Book, containing 24 Sentences in Proſe, in Alphabetical order, and as many in Verſe, each Diſtich comprehending the 24 Letters, and as many Examples of Alphabets; written in all the curious Hands now practiſed in England, and our Neighbour Nations, &c. by Edward Cocker. In 4o. Hodder's Arithmetick, or the Neceſſary Art made moſt eaſie; being explained in a way familiar to the Capacity of any that deſire to learn in a little time: By James Hodder. In 8o. Campanalogia, or the Art of Ringing improved; with plain and eaſie Rules to guide the Practitioner in the Ringing all kinds of Changes, &c. In 8o. The Aſtrological Judgment and Practice of Phyſic, deduced from the Poſition of the Heavens at the Decumbiture of the ſick Perſon; wherein the Fundamental Grounds thereof are moſt clearly diſplayed and laid open; ſhewing by an Univerſal Method not only the Cauſe, but the Cure and End of all manner of Diſeaſes incident to Humane Bodies: Alſo divers notable Experiments, of great uſe to all the induſtrious Students in Phyſic and Aſtrology, &c. by Richard Saunders. In 8o. The Carpenters Rule made eaſie, or the Art of Meaſuring Superficies and Solids, as Timber, Stone, Boards, Glaſs, and the like: Alſo an Addition or ſecond way, being the Groundwork of meaſuring Timber, Stone, &c. by John Darling. In 12o.
THE COMPLEAT SOLDIER, OR EXPERT Artillery-Man.
CHAP. I. By way of Introduction.

THE firſt Rudiments of Education wherewithall a young Soldier ought to be converſant in, is firſt to learn the right uſe of his Arms, than which nothing can make a Man more compleat, nor fit for to bear the Name of a Soldier; neither can any Man whatever attain to the leaſt part of the Art-Military (which concerneth Infantry, or Foot-Soldiers) without the well managing, and well handling of their Arms. How delightful is it to thoſe who can perform this firſt Part? And with what eaſe, courage, and ſafety, can they both defend themſelves, and offend their Enemies? Where, on the contrary, the chiefeſt Arms (without Exerciſe) become not only troubleſom Burthens unto the unskilful Bearers, but oftentimes prove hurtful and dangerous, both to themſelves, and others: Therefore I could wiſh the neceſſity of this might be conſidered by all, who intend any proficiency in this part of the Art Military; firſt, to be inſtructed in the Poſtures, and well handling of their Arms, that like that reſolute Spartan Iſadas, Plut. in Ageſilao. they may with Art and Courage (in time of danger) defend both their King and Country. If this in our Militia (whereof I am a Member) were but conſidered, and that there might be a reaſonable time ſet apart once in every year for a private Exerciſe, and once every year for a General Muſter, •… o doubt but there would be given ſuch account to the World, as would make this Kingdom not only famous, but feared by the whole World: What Exerciſe doth for the making of good Soldiers, Experience of former Times will teach. It hath been the manner of all famous Generals to bring their Soldiers to perfection by Exerciſe. Vegetius l. 2. c. 3. Vegetius ſaith very well, It is not length of life, or number of years, that teacheth the Art of War, but continual Diſcipline, and Exerciſe of Arms; let a Soldier ſerve never ſo many years, ſo long as he is unexerciſed, he ſhall ſtill be a raw Soldier. The true knowledge of Poſtures cauſeth a neatneſs in the handling of Arms, which maketh a Soldier; the gain whereof muſt be by Action. As long as a Soldier handleth not his Arms, he is no Actor, for all Abilities in Arts ariſe out of a number of Actions; ſo that no Man can attain to a perfect knowledge of Arms, 'till he hath with care and diligence imploy'd both his ſtudy and labour therein, and upon the foundation of Practice, raiſed the frame of Sound, and perfect Skill. No man is naturally born a Soldier, one may more incline to War than another; but the Skill cometh not without induſtry and pains. Plutarch. in Pelop. Eurotas was a River near Lacedemon; Babyx and Gnacion were two Rivers within t • e City. Plutarch ſaith, That it is neither Eurotas, nor the place betwixt Babyx and Gnacion, that bringeth forth Valiant and Warlike Men: But they are to be found out in all places (in England) where Youth is bred up in ſhame of Vice, and Boldneſs to undergo peril for Virtues ſake. The Lacedemonians were accounted the moſt valiant People of Greece. Plutarch. in Lycur. Plutarch ſpeaketh this of the Victory which the Thebans obtained againſt the Lacedemonians, which 'till that day had no Reputation of Valour; but afterward by Exerciſe, and uſe of Arms, under Epaminondas and Pelopidas, they became the braveſt Soldiers of Greece. Not unlike was the ſaying of Pyrrhus to his Muſter-Maſter; Chuſe you (ſaid he) good Bodies, and I will make them good Soldiers: A ſtrong Body is moſt requiſite in a good Soldier, to undergo the labours of War; Vegetius l. 1. c. 1.but it is Exerciſe, and the deſire to handle Weapons, that giveth the perfect Skill. Therefore as Cicer. in Brut. a. 22. Demoſthenes, being demanded what was the firſt and principal thing in the Art Oratory, anſwered Action; what the ſecond, Action; what the third, Action; ſo we may truly ſay, that in the Art Military, Exerciſe is not only the firſt, ſecond, and third principal thing to make a Soldier, but alſo all in all. I could have given you a particular of the Exerciſe uſed in ancient time, and likewiſe of the Victories which have been obtained by a ſmall number of Men well exerciſed, againſt a multitude unskilful and untrained; but being not at all pertinent to my intent, and having too much tranſgreſs'd already, I leave the Curious to peruſe thoſe ſeveral Authors that have writ at large of this Subject, viz. Xenophon, Vegetius, Cicero, Homer, Juſtin, and others, while I proceed to give a touch upon the Definition of Poſture.

CHAP. II. The Definition of Poſture.

POSTƲRE is conceived to be a Garb or Figure that a Man ſtands in for the well handling of his Arms, in which there are Motions attendant unto the ſame for the better Grace, and becoming of them: Likewiſe by Motion it conveys a neat Agility of the Body, whereby the right handling of their Arms is atchieved, and ſo becomes eaſie; Motion being the working part, Poſture the alteration or act, either in circumſtance or matter: As to Reſt your Muſquet, being one Poſture; to Shoulder your Muſquet, another; ſo likewiſe for the reſt.

CHAP. III. Of the Poſtures of the Pike.

NOW as to the Poſtures themſelves, I ſhall firſt begin with the Poſtures of the Pike, before I begin the Poſtures of the Muſquet, conceiving the Pike (which Mr. Elton, and likewiſe the Aelian, cap. 12.Tacticks of Aelian makes plain) to be the more ancient, and therefore the more honourable Arms, which hath been the reaſon (as I conceive) why ſo many gallant Gentlemen have trailed Pikes of late years, both in Holland, and elſewhere. The Poſtures of the Pike are as followeth, the Pike lying on the ground.

Handle Raiſe up your Pike.

To your Open Order. Order. Cloſe Order.

Order, and Open Order, I conceive only ſerves as a handſom Poſture for the Pikes to be in upon a ſtand, or when their Arms are to be viewed by the Muſter-Maſter upon a Muſter day. It hath been the cuſtom in ancient time to Charge to the Horſe, by putting the But end of the Pike at the inſide of the right Foot, (which is called Cloſe Order) your Pike in the left Hand, drawing your Sword over your left Arm. But it is the received opinion of the beſt Soldiers, that it is a weak Charge, and of no uſe for Defence; therefore I omit the Charge, and proceed.

From Order Advance Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail your Pike.

Order as you were.

Before I proceed I muſt tell you, that Silence ought to be commanded, and by the Soldier diligently obeyed.

From your Order Charge to the Front Right Left Reer

Order as you were.

Note, That Charge to the Reer, is to be underſtood always To the left about, becauſe it is three times the nearer way.

Advance Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail your Pike.

Advance as you were.

Note, That the Advancing of the Pike is uſeful when the Drum beats a Troop: It is likewiſe uſeful upon all Doublings, Counter-Marches, and Wheelings, only remember they conform to the ſtanding Party after they are reduced.

From your Advance Charge to the Front Right Left Reer

Advance as you were.

Shoulder Port Comport Cheek Trail your Pike.

Shoulder as you were.

Note, This is uſeful upon a March: It is likewiſe uſeful in time of Fight, provided the Pikes be upon a ſtand; it doth not only preſerve the Pikes, but the Soldiers alſo.

From your Shoulder Charge to the Front Right Left Reer

Shoulder as you were.

Port Comport Cheek Trail your Pikes.

Port as you were.

Note, That Port is only fit for the Soldiers to enter a Gate or Sally-Port, and likewiſe to eaſe the Reer in time of Battel, when the Front are at Charge.

From your Comport Charge to the Front Right Left Reer

Comport as you were.

Note, That Comport is only neceſſary for a Soldier upon his March, to eaſe himſelf up a Hill.

Cheek Trail your Pikes.

Cheek as you were.

The Pike Cheeked is the right Sentinel Poſture, which ought always to be made uſe of upon that occaſion.

Trail your PIKES.

From your Trail Charge to the Front Right Left Reer

Trail as you were.

Note, That this Poſture is only uſeful in a Trench to move for ſecurity of any Breach undiſcovered, likewiſe in the Marching through a Wood, and upon Funeral occaſions.

Order your Lay down your Pikes.

Here is to be obſerved by this method, That all the Poſtures of the Pike are performed particularly, not Commanding one Twice; and no one, be he never ſo Skilful, ought to ſlight any of theſe Poſtures, being that at one time or other he will have occaſion to uſe them.

CHAP. IV.

NOW that our Soldiers are well Trained, and that they rightly underſtand the ſeveral Poſtures of the Pike before recited, and are ready to march into the Field before their Enemies; I ſhall contract the Poſtures, and Charges of the Pike, into a ſhorter way, fit for the Service of the Field. The Pikes lying on the ground, the firſt word of Command will be,

Stand to your Handle your Arms.

Raiſe up your PIKES.

To your Open Order. Order. Cloſe Order.

Note, As before, I ſhall omit the Charges of Cloſe Order, to the Horſe, and with brevity proceed.

Order as you were.

Advance Port your Pikes.

Charge to the Front.

Shoulder your Pikes.

Charge to the Front.

Comport your Pikes.

Charge to the Left.

Cheek Trail your Pikes.

Charge to the Reer.

CHAP. V.

HAving now done with the Pike, in the next place it will be convenient to ſhew you the Poſtures of the Musket, or Calliver, together with the Reſt; which ſhall be ſhewed you at large, as it was exerciſed, and ſtill is, in the Military Gardens; and after, in as ſhort a method as poſſible, the way ſhall be ſhewed you how it is now exerciſed, both with the Match, and without the Match, and Reſt.

The Musket lying on the ground, the firſt word of Command will be,

Col. Wil. Barriffe in his young Artillery-Man, p. 2. Stand to your Arms.

Take up your Put on your Bandaliers.

Take up your Place your Match.

Take up your Musket, and Reſt.

Reſt your Musket.

Now if you pleaſe, you may perform your Saluting Poſture.

Poyſe Shoulder your Musket.

Take your Reſt into your right Hand, and you are Armed ready to march.

Take your Match between the Fingers of your right Hand.

Put your Reſt String about your left Wriſt, and carry your Reſt in your left Hand.

Return your Match between the Fingers of your left Hand.

Ʋnſhoulder and Poyſe your Musket.

Joyn your Reſt to the outſide of your Musket.

Open Clear Prime Shut your Pan.

Caſt Blow off your looſe Corns.

Bring about your Musket to the Sword ſide.

Trail your Reſt, and Balance your Musket in your left hand.

Charge with Powder.

Draw forth Shorten your Scouring-ſtick.

Charge with Bullet.

Put your Scouring-ſtick into your Musket.

Ram home your Charge.

Withdraw Shorten Return your Scouring-Stick.

Bring forward your Musket, and Reſt.

Poyſe your Musket, and recover your Reſt.

Joyn your Reſt to the outſide of your Musket.

Draw forth your Match.

Blow your Coal.

Cock and Fit your Match.

Guard your Pan.

Blow the Aſhes from your Coal.

Open your Pan.

Preſent upon your Reſt.

Give Fire Breaſt high.

Diſmount your Musket, joyning your Reſt to the outſide of your Musket.

Ʋncock Return your Match.

Clear Shut your Pan.

Poyſe Shoulder your Musket.

Take your Match between the Fingers of your right Hand.

Take your Reſt into your right hand, clearing your String from your Wriſt.

Return your Reſt into your left hand, the String looſe.

Return your Match into your left hand.

Note: This cauſes the Soldiers to be in a fit capacity for to March; but if you are to lay down your Arms upon the Ground, proceed.

Ʋnſhoulder Poyſe Reſt your Musket.

Set the But-end of your Musket on the Ground.

Lay down your Musket and Reſt.

Lay down your Match.

Take off Lay down your Bandaliers.

Face about to the left, and march from your Arms.

Face about to the right, and ſtand to your Arms.

This is principally uſed to make the Soldiers apt and ready to find their places, if upon a ſudden Alarm they be called.

Here endeth the Poſtures of the Musket, together with the Reſt, beginning from the taking them up from the Ground, and by an orderly proceeding to make ready, and ſo to lay them down again.
CHAP. VI.

NOW having ſhewed you the Poſtures of the Musket and Reſt, according to the formal way of Exerciſe of late uſed, and ſtill is in thoſe learned Schools of Diſcipline, the Military Grounds (which I wiſh may flouriſh for ever with good, able, and loyal Soldiers, that may be ready to do their King and Country Service) let us ſee how we can handle the Musket without the Reſt, and likewiſe with and without the Match: The Musket lying on the ground, the words of Command will be as before.

Stand to your Handle your Arms.

Now you are to take notice, That in taking up the Bandaliers, putting them on; the taking up of the Match, placing of it; and the taking up of the Musket; theſe or the like are not Poſtures, but Motions to the firſt Poſture Therefore I will leave out the words of Command tending to the Motions, and proceed to the Poſtures themſelves.

The Mukettier being ſhoulder'd,

Snaphance. Matchlock.

Slope Let ſlip your Muskets. Sloping and Slipping of the Musket is only Motion, not Poſture.

Ʋnſhoulder and Poyſe your Muskets.

Palm Reſt your Muskets.

Secure your Cock.

Draw back your Hammer.

Clear Prime your Pan.

Put down your Steel. Hammer.

It is not needful to inſert every Command, but only add ſuch as are now in uſe for the Matchlock.

The Match being placed in the left hand,

Open Clear Prime Shut your Pan with a full hand.

Caſt Or Blow off your looſe Corns.

Bring about your Musket to the Sword ſide.

Handle your Charger.

Open your Charger with your Teeth.

Charge with Powder.

Draw forth your Scourer.

Shorten your Scourer to an Inch againſt your right Breaſt.

Charge with Bullet.

Ram home your Powder and Ball.

Withdraw your Scourer.

Shorten your Scourer to a handful.

Return your Scourer.

Bring forward And Poiſe your Musket.

Palm Or Reſt your Musket.

Fit your Hammer, or Steel.

Free Bend your Cock.

Preſent your Musket.

Give Fire.

Palm or Reſt your Musket

Clear Shut your Pan.

Poyſe Shoulder your Musket.

Handle your Match

Blow your Coal.

Cock Try your Match.

Guard your Pan with your 2 foremoſt Fingers.

Blow the Aſhes from your Coal, or advance your right Foot.

Blow and open your Pan.

Advance your left Foot, and to the front Preſent.

Ʋnlock Return your Match.

The Musket being ſhoulder'd, you are ready for a March, or in a fit Poſture for any Motion.

That which is called the Saluting Poſture, is to be performed from the Reſting (or Palming) of the Musket, when a Soldier hath occaſion to Salute his Friend, or in honouring any other perſon deſerving. And for the Sentinel Poſture, the Musket is to be in the palm of the left hand at his reſting Poſture, but his Musket to be charged with Powder, and Bullet in his Mouth, his Cock freed, and ſecur'd with his Thumb, ſo to be ready to execute his Charge. This Poſture rightly performed, is (in my opinion) one of the moſt becoming Poſtures that belongs to the Musket, and will as ſoon diſcover a good Soldier

Capt. Ven. There is a word of Command ſometimes uſed, Reverſe your Musket, which is the marching Funeral Poſture: The way to perform it, is to put the But end of the Musket upwards under your left Arm, holding it in your left Hand about the Lock of the Musket.

CHAP. VII.

THere is alſo a conformity of Poſture betwixt the Musket, and thoſe of the Pike; the words of Command to be given, may in many things be received by both Arms; as the Musket and Pike lying on the ground, theſe words of Command may properly be implied to both.

As for Example.

Stand to Handle Order your Arms.

That is the But end of the Musket ſtanding on the ground, at the outſide of the right Foot, is conformable to the Pike ordered; and in my opinion, the propereſt Command for this Poſture of the Musket, is, Order your Musket, being it is ſo conformable to their Pike ordered; for the moſt apt and eaſieſt expreſſions, are certainly moſt fitteſt to be conduced into words of Command: And I cannot conceive, but the word Order may as aptly be received by the Muskettier as by the Pikeman, (tho' Lieutenant-Collonel Barriffe, and others, be of a contrary opinion.) But to proceed farther in the reſt of the Poſtures, viz. Elton, p. 6. cap. 7.The Musket poiſed, to the Pike advanced. The Musket ſhoulder'd, to the Pike ſhoulder'd. The Musket porting, to the Pike porting. The Musket reverſt, (as in the Funeral Poſture) to the Pike trailing. The Musket palmed, to the Pike cheeked; which is the proper Sentinel Poſture for both. The Musket preſented, to the Pike charged.

As for the Motion of Poſture, which conduceth to lading, priming of the Musket, and the Pike, they are all included in that general word of Command, properly belonging to the Muskettiers, which is, to make ready.

CHAP. VIII.

THe place of Dignity which every Soldier hath, and ought to have, both in Rank and File, ſhall be declared.

The noble Soldier, being inquiſitive after Honour, is much deſirous to underſtand his place of Worth and Dignity, which he ever conceives to be as due to him as his life; which was the reaſon that cauſed both the Grecian and Roman Generals to be ſo exact and curious in beſtowing Rewards upon all valiant Soldiers who were deſerving of the ſame, and according to every Man's Worth and Dignity, gave him precedence of Place and Command over the others, that they might lead and direct them as occaſion ſhould require, as you may read at large in ſeveral Authors who treat of thoſe Wars;Xenoph. Cyrop. l. 3. c. 85. and l. 8. 203. Ae. Vegat. l. 3. c. 18. which Cuſtom from that time hath ever ſince been obſerved, and ſtill is practiſed by all Nations.

Therefore it is ſit that the young Soldier ſhould underſtand his place of Dignity, which if he would but eſteem it of that Credit which all former Ages have done, certainly they would take more care to put in practice all ſuch Duties which is thereby requir'd; it is ſtrange to think there ſhould be ſo much ignorance, as there is in our Annual Exerciſes; but finding many very ignorant of the difference between a File and a Rank, and what Dignity belongs thereto, induces me to ſhew what is requir'd to the making up of a File, and likewiſe of a Rank, with the Dignity of each Man as he ſtands, both in File and Rank.

A File.Firſt, Know that a File is a number of Men beginning at one Leader, and continuing in order of followers to the laſt Man; or from the firſt, which is termed Protoſtatai, a File-Leader, to the laſt, which is termed Epiſtatai, or Bringer up.

For the number of a File, our preſent Diſcipline only allows ſix, and no more; ſo that there needs no farther diſpute concerning the number of a File.

A Rank.Secondly, A Rank is a Row of Men compoſed of Files more or leſs joyned together, as when one File is laid flankwiſe to one another, ſtanding ſhoulder to ſhoulder from the right hand to the left.

A File of it ſelf worketh little effect againſt an Enemy, for what can a Man alone in front do? Xenoph. Cyrop. l. 6. 167. Cyrus in Xenophon wiſheth, That whereas the Egyptians ſtood 100 in depth, they had been in depth 1000; for (ſaith he) we ſhould have the fewer Hands to fight againſt.

The Rank bringeth the multitude of Hands to fight; which without doubt the more Hands that are with convenience brought to fight, the more is the advantage to him that bringeth them. V. Ʋrbinus ſaith, That the File-Leaders make the front, which they call The firſt Rank: And farther ſaith, They that run in an even Line betwixt the two Wings, the Right and the Left, are ſaid to be Paraſtatae, or Sidemen. Capt. B. in his Notes, upon Aelian's Tacticks, c. 47. Likewiſe the laſt Rank is called Oura, or The Reer; and the Commander, Ouragos, the Bringer up. So that in all preparations for Exerciſe, Files muſt firſt be made up, which being drawn forth, and joyned together, Ranks are made. It is ever the practice of all judicious Commanders firſt to draw their Soldiers forth into Files, which being added together, Ranks are made.

By this time the Soldier will expect to know his place of Dignity; wherefore becauſe that Files are firſt to be drawn forth, I will begin firſt with the precedence of Files. Therefore conceive their Dignities according to the Figures (or Numbers) hereafter plac'd, firſt of File; then of Rank; and laſtly, of both joyned together.

Front Half-File 1 1 A File-Leader. 2 5 Middlemen. 3 4 A Bringer up to the Front Half-File. Reer Half-File 4 3 Half File-Leader 5 6 Middlemen. 6 2 Bringer up.

Number 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Place 2 6 7 3 4 8 5 2 Number 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 3 Place 2 6 3 4 5 2 4 4           4 3 3 5           3 4 7 6           6 5 6 7           2 6 2 8

A Rank 654321 A Rank dignified 263451

Now for as much as ſeveral Authors are of ſeveral opinions in this point, ſo I will leave them to their own fancies, and only ſet down the opinion of Captain Bingham in this point, which is very clear. Aelion's Tacticks, lib. 1. the Notes of cap. 10. His Analogy is thus: That if four Magnitudes be propounded in proportion, that which ariſeth of the firſt and fourth, is equal to that of the ſecond and third; ſo that the firſt Tetrarch is allowed the firſt place of Dignity, and is placed on the right hand Wing; the ſecond is placed on the outſide Point of the left hand Wing; the third next him in the left Wing, on his right hand toward the middle Section; the fourth in the right Wing, on the left hand of the firſt toward the middle Section, thus: 2 3 4 1 5 5

Which cometh out of a Geometrical Proportion, which Proportion giveth Law to the ordering of the reſt of the Commands, be they never ſo many, and likewiſe for the Soldiers, be they never ſo many; the Rule is this: Eucl. l. 7. pr. 19. Four Magnitudes which equally exceed the one the other being compared together, that which ariſeth of the firſt and the fourth, is equal to that which ariſeth of the ſecond and third; and if the Number produced of the firſt and fourth, be equal to that produced of the ſecond and third, thoſe four Numbers ſhall be in proportion.

CHAP. IX. Reaſons for precedence of Dignity in Ranks and Files.

BEING that perhaps ſome may ſtumble at this, and ſay that it is ſuperfluous, and not neceſſary in Diſcipline, I will endeavour to give ſome Reaſons for the ſeveral places of Dignity in Rank and File.

It is the received opinion of the greateſt Commanders, that Geometrical Proportion gives both Life and Being to orderly Diſcipline; if that be allowed, then conſider that all parts of the Body ought to be anſwerable; for ſeeing that the joyning of Files and Ranks produce greater Bodies, it is neceſſary that a true proportion ſhould be kept throughout the whole Battel, ſo that the left Wing may be equivalent in all reſpects of worth, skill, and valour, to the Right, the Reer, to the Front, and the Reer half Files, to the Front half Files; and that all parts of the Body be ballanc'd with true proportion, ſo far as the knowledge of the Soldiers, and number of Men, will give you leave: Otherwiſe it would be very unreaſonable, that all the chief Men ſhould be on the right Flank, and all the worſt on the left (who muſt oppoſe the right Flank of their Enemy); and likewiſe the Front to have in it all the beſt Men, and all the worſt to be in the Reer (who are principally to defend that part); if that at any time the Enemy approach upon the Reer, it would be certainly thought a very indiſcreet thing of that Commander that ſhould ſo order his Battel.

Firſt therefore, the File-Leader ought to be the worthieſt, becauſe he not only Commands his File, but makes the firſt onſet againſt his Enemy.

Secondly, The Bringer-up ought to be the ſecond place in Honour, becauſe he is the laſt Man in the Field marching in the Reer, which upon all occaſion of danger he ought to defend.

Thirdly, The Half File-Leader is the third place of Honour, becauſe he is the Leader of the Reer half Files upon ſeveral Motions, as doubling the Front, either intire, or diviſional; or upon any other doubling to the Front.

Fourthly, The laſt Man (or Bringer up) of the Front half Files, is the fourth Man in Dignity; for when the Reer half Files are commanded off, he hath the Honour of defending the Reer.

Fifthly, The next Man to the File-Leader hath the fifth place of Honour, for one Doubling brings him to the Front.

Sixthly, The next and laſt place of Honour is before the Bringer up, for if the Body be faced about, one Doubling brings him into the accidental Front; or keeping his proper Front, by once doubling he becomes Bringer up to the File-Leader.

So that it is plain by this Geometrical Proportion, the whole Body is equivalent in skill and worth, and as it were (and indeed ought to be) Seconds the one to the other, ſo long as life endureth.

And then it may be ſaid of them, as Plutarch writeth of the holy Band of the Thebans, Plutar. in Pelop. A. That it was never beaten until the Battel of Cheroea; after which Battel, Philip the Father of Alexander ſurveying the dead Bodies, and coming to the place where theſe 300 lay, all cloſe mingled one with another, and ſtruck through with the Macedonian Pikes, he wonder'd greatly; but hearing that it was the Band of Lovers, and belov'd, wept, and ſaid, Evilly may they periſh, that ſuſpect any filthineſs in deed or ſuffering to have been practiſed amongst ſuch Men.

So that you ſee, that in all Ages care hath been taken to beſtow Honour upon thoſe Soldiers who have made it their employ to deſerve it; and on the other hand, what indign Puniſhment hath been inflicted upon all thoſe, who either careleſly, or wilfully neglect their Duty. I might have inſerted the ſeveral Puniſhments that have been inflicted upon the diſobedient Soldier, but being not material, I ſhall wave it, and proceed.

CHAP. X. Of the DRƲM.

IT is requiſite in the next place that care be taken, that every Soldier be rightly inſtructed in all Military Signs and Directions; for Experience hath ſufficiently taught, that the neglect and errour in the right underſtanding thereof, hath not only brought great inconveniencies, but the overthrow of great Enterprizes: Therefore the Captain ought to be very circumſpect, that his Soldiers be well acquainted with all the ſigns of War, which are only theſe three uſed, viz. a Vocal, a Semivocal, and a Mute.

Firſt, A Vocal Sign is, that when a Captain, or ſome other Officer, ſo immediately Commands, that every Soldier ſhall hear him diſtinctly.

A Semivocal Sign is that which is diſtinguiſhed by a Drum, or other Warlike Inſtrument, in which, as to Foot-Service, according to modern Diſcipline, the Drum is the only Inſtrument that the Soldier is to take notice of, and ought well to underſtand theſe ſeveral Beats, or Points of War, viz. 1. A Call. 2. A Troop. 3. A March. 4. A Preparative. 5. A Battalia. 6. A Retreat.

Beſides theſe, there are two other Beats of the Drum, viz. 7. A Tato. 8. A Revally.

The Tato, (as ſome call it) but rather Tapto, that is, to ſhut or make faſt your Doors, for when this is beaten, all perſons ought to repair to their private reſt, whether in Leaguer or Gariſon.

The Watch being then ſet, and the Tapto being returned to the Corps due Guard, there is a Warning-piece diſcharged; after which, no perſon ought to be out of their Quarters, or from their Poſts, without the Word be given them; by which means the Garriſon or Leaguer will be in quiet. So that all private Watches and Sentinels may more diſtinctly perform their Duty to the ſafety of the Garriſon or Leaguer.

A Revally is beaten in the Morning by break of day, (I ſuppoſe it comes from the French word Reveiller, to awake from Sleep) at which time the Sub-Officers uſually take off their out Sentinels.

Theſe two laſt ſpoken of (as I ſuppoſe) cannot be ſaid to be Points of War, but only private Directions for a Gariſon or Leaguer; the one to give notice at what time the Gariſon or Leaguer ought to be at reſt and quiet, the other to ſhew the hour that the Gates ſhall be ſet open for all Commerce.

Now as you may learn for what end theſe ſix ſeveral Beats of the Drum are made uſe of, obſerve Barriffe. Barriffe in his Military Diſcipline, p. 5.

Firſt, By a Call, you muſt underſtand to hear preſent Proclamation, or elſe to repair to your Enſign.

Secondly, By a Troop, underſtand to ſhoulder your Musket, to advance your Pike, to cloſe your Ranks and Files to order, and troop along with (or follow) your Officer to the place of Randezvouze, or elſewhere.

Thirdly, By a March you are to underſtand, to take your Open Order in Rank, to ſhoulder both Musket and Pike, and to direct your March either quicker or flower, according to the Beat of the Drum.

Fourthly, By a Preparative you are to underſtand, to cloſe to your due diſtance for Skirmiſh both in Rank and File, which diſtance you ſhall underſtand hereafter, and then to make ready, that ſo you may execute upon the firſt Command.

Fifthly, By the Battel or Charge underſtand, the continuation or preſſing forward in order of Battel, without laging behind, rather boldly ſtepping forward in the place of him that falls dead or wounded before thee.

Sixthly, By a Retreat underſtand, an orderly retiring backward, either for Relief, advantage of the Ground, or for ſome politic end; as to draw the Enemy into ſome Ambuſhment, or ſuch-like: So that for the Drum, it is the Voice of the Commander, the Spur of the Valiant, and the Heart of the Coward. So far Barriffe.

As for the Antiquity of the Drum, is is ſaid, that Bacchus was the firſt Inventor of it, and ſo from Age to Age it hath been thought a fit Inſtrument for the Service of the Foot; as you may read at large in theſe ſeveral Authors mentioned in the Margin.Polyd. lib. 1. in Bac. §. 1. Curtius, lib. 8. 372. Plutarch. in Craſſo. App. in Parthicis 143.

And not only the Drum was thought a fit Inſtrument alone for the Foot, but they were allowed ſome other pleaſing Inſtrument to delight and tranſport the Spirits of the Soldiers; as the Flute, Harp, and Pipe.

Plutar. in Lycurgo. Plutarch much commending the Lacedemonian manner of joyning with their Enemy, ſaith, When the King hath offered the Goat (that was the Lacedemonian Sacrifice when they were to give Battel) he ſtreight Commands all the Army to Crown their Heads, and the Flutes to ſound the Meaſure of For this Meaſure, ſee Jul. Pollux, l. 4. c. 10. §. 2. Caſtor; and himſelf withall beginneth the Paean is a Hymn proper to Apollo, Jul. 1. Pollux, l. 1. c. 1. §. 33. fifth Paean, the Song they uſed when they went to Charge, at the firſt advancing againſt the Enemy. So that it is a brave, and no leſs fearful thing (ſaith he) to behold them pacing according to the meaſure of the Flute, neither diſturbing their Order, nor ſhewing any aſtoniſhment of Mind, but mildly and joyfully approaching the danger of Conflict, dividing out their March to the ſound of the Flute; for it is not likely, that Men ſo demeaning themſelves, can be tranſported with Fear or Choller; nay, rather they muſt needs have a ſetled Mind full of Hope and Aſſurance, as if God were on their ſide. Thus Plutarch.

Thucyd. l. 5. 393 A.The Lacedemonians likewiſe uſed Flutes, and made them their Inſtruments to meaſure out as it were the ſteps of War, for they uſed an eaſie and ſlow pace, framed to the cadence of the ſound.

Athenaeus Deipnoſoph, l. 12. 517 A. Athenaeus rehearſeth out of Herodotus, that the Lydians uſed the like Inſtruments to Dance as it were the Meaſures of War by. And he addeth, that the Cretians made choice of the Harp for their Inſtruments of War, as though it had been peculiar to that Nation.

Pauſan. in Lacon. 193. Pauſanias teſtifieth the like of the Lacedemonians, that they brought in Flutes and Meaſures into the War; and we are not ignorant, that in our late unhappy Wars, both in Ireland and Scotland, how much the Northern Pipe was uſed, being a very ſhrill and loud Pipe, and much ſurpaſſing the Flute for its ſhrilneſs, in pacing out the Meaſures of War with delight to the Soldiers; for I have heard ſome judicious Commanders affirm, That they did believe, the Pipes did much tranſport the Valour of the Soldiers: So that they had a ſufficient Pay allowed them, even equal with the Drum.

CHAP. XI.

NOW that our Soldiers have attained ſome ſmall knowledge in the uſe of their Arms, and rightly underſtand the Beats of the Drum; it will be expedient in the next place to ſhew them the ſeveral Diſtances, which are theſe four, viz.

Cloſe Order which is both in Rank and File 1 Foot ½. Order 3 Foot. Open Order 6 Foot. Double Diſtance 12 Foot.

There is ſeveral Diſtances to be performed in, Firſt, March. Secondly, Motion. Thirdly, Skirmiſh. The diſtance of March between File and File is 3 Foot, and between Rank and Rank 12 Foot. The diſtance of Motion between File and Rank is 6 Foot. The diſtance for intire Doublings and Skirmiſhes between Rank and File is 3 Foot. The diſtance for prevention of Cannon Shots, is between File and File 12 or 24 Foot, which is the Double-Double Diſtance.

For to deliver unto you the opinions of ſeveral ancient Commanders concerning Diſtance, will be needleſs, it being ſufficiently made plain by ſeveral eminent Authors; but to proceed with all brevity poſſible to the words of Command, which are as followeth.

The Company being upon the Ground, at their Open Order you may

Ranks, Cloſe forward Files, Cloſe inward to Order.

Ranks, Cloſe forward Files, Cloſe inward to Cloſe Order.

Ranks, Open backwards Files, Open to the Right to Order.

Ranks, Open backward Files, Open to the Left to Open Order.

Ranks, Open backward Files, Open outward to Double Diſtance.

Ranks, Cloſe forward Files, Cloſe inward to Open Order.

Note, That Cloſe Order is uſeful for the Pikes to be at upon the Charge to the Horſe, or for any manner of Wheeling; or when the Commander is to deliver ſomewhat of Concernment to the Soldier.

But if any one have a deſire to be farther ſatisfied concerning Diſtance, let them read Barriffe, Ward, Ven, and Elton, who have ſufficiently treated of this Subject at large; it being my deſign only to model an Exerciſe with as much abreviation as poſſible, being it is only intended a Pocket-Book for the benefit of the young Soldier.

CHAP. XII.

BEfore I come to ſhew the variety of Facings in the Action, I think it will not be amiſs to define unto you what is meant by Facing.

Facing is a particular turning of the Aſpect from one part to another, whereby the Front proper becomes the Front accidental, and a Front accidental may be reduced to his proper Front. The words of Command take as followeth.

Face to the Right Left Reer Front Center or midſt

As you were.

Face to the Front and Reer Right and left outward Right and left inward Midſt of Files Midſt of Ranks

As you were.

To the Right Right Right Right Right about Left about

As you were.

To the Left Left Left Left Left about Right about

As you were.

Half Files Face to the Right Left Right and left outward Right about Left about Right and left inward

As you were.

There is alſo a Facing which cauſeth the Body to Face to the Front, Reer, and both Flanks, which ſome call Facing ſquare; of which I will prick ſome few Figures of Facings, which will be ſufficient to demonſtrate all the reſt to an ingenious fancy.

Face ſquare, and March.

The Direction is, Two firſt Ranks ſtand, the two laſt Ranks Face about, the reſt of the Body Face to right and left, then March all.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Proper Front Front accidental Front of the Reer

When your Soldiers begin any Motion, let them Advance their Pikes, and Shoulder their Muskets.

Now to reduce this Figure to its firſt Order,

Face all about to the Right.

March, and Cloſe your Diviſions.

To your Leader; who ſtands at the proper Front.

To Face Square another way, and March upon it.

Face Square, and March.

The Direction is, Muskettiers Face to both Flanks; half Files of Pikes Face to the Right about; March all.

Now you muſt underſtand, when the Command is, Half Files, it is always to be underſtood the Reer half Files; otherwiſe the word Front half Files is commanded.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Proper Front Front of the Reer

To reduce this Figure to its former Order,

Face all to the Right about.

March, and Cloſe your Diviſions.

To your Leader; and they are reduced.

Take another Figure of Battel produced by Facing.

The two firſt Ranks ſtand; the reſt Face outward, and move clear of the ſtanding part.

The two laſt Ranks move outward ſideways two Paces.

To your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

They may give Fire to the Front, or to the Reer, or to both Flanks, or to all four at once, falling in the Reer of their own Diviſions; this according as the Captain pleaſeth to Command.

Front Diviſion advance forward three paces; the two next Diviſions move outwards one pace; Pikes in each Diviſion face about, and move two paces; to your Leader.

Diviſions of Muskettiers in the Reer advance forward, and range even in Front and Reer, with the middle Diviſions of Pikes; the firſt Rank of Pikes in the front Diviſion move three foot clear of the ſtanding part.

diagram of military formation or battle array

They may give Fire in the Front, or in the Reer, or to both Flanks, or to all four at once.

The firſt and laſt Rank of the firſt Diviſion of Pikes, Face about, and move down clear of the Reer, and cloſe Ranks forward to Order.

Outmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers face about, move down, and ſlank your own Diviſions of Pikes.

The firſt Diviſion of Pikes move forward, and range even a Breaſt with your own Diviſion of Muskettiers.

The front Diviſion of Muskettiers cloſe into the midſt to Order.

diagram of military formation or battle array

As for firing upon any of theſe Figures, the Captain may uſe his own diſcretion, either to Front Reer, or both Flanks, or to all at once.

The outmoſt Diviſions face outward, and move two paces.

Face to your Leader.

Move up, until you range even a Breaſt with the ſecond Diviſions next the Front.

Reer Diviſion, move ſtreight forward two paces.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Front Diviſion advance forward three paces.

The outmoſt Diviſion upon the Flanks move up, and range even with the Front.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing upon this Figure, let them all face to the Reer, and the middle Diviſion of Muskettiers move forwards, and flank the Reer Diviſion of Pikes: After, let all the Muskettiers advance forwards three Foot clear of their own Diviſions of Pikes, and give Fire, falling in the Reer of themſelves; and after facing about, move into their places again.

The ſecond Firing may be to both Flanks, or to all four, as the Commander pleaſeth, falling in the Reer of themſelves.

The third Firing: Let the Muskettiers upon the Flanks move down even with the Reer, and give Fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; and after, move up into their places again, and face to their Leader.

The fourth Firing: Let them Fire on the Ground they ſtand, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; and the Pikes in the Reer may Charge on, and after, facing to their Leader.

You may proceed to the next Command, which will be as followeth.

The outmoſt Diviſions face inward, and march three paces.

The next two Diviſions face outward, and move two paces.

To your Leader.

Reer Diviſion, move outward, until you ſtand ſtreight with the front Diviſions.

diagram of military formation or battle array

You muſt note, That the Front and Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers by Firing, have interchang'd Ground, which cauſes this

Front Diviſions face about.

Front and Reer Diviſions march, and interchange Ground.

To your Leader.

The outmoſt Diviſions face inward, and cloſe your Diviſions.

To your Leader.

Even your Ranks, and ſtreighten your Files, and cloſe to Order: They are reduced.

CHAP. XIII.

NOW our Soldiers being ſomewhat expert in the true uſe, and handling of their Arms, and likewiſe in the ſeveral Beats of the Drum, together with the Diſtances, Facings, and other Dignities of Place thereunto belonging, it will be convenient to draw them into the Field; but it will be convenient to ſhew, 1. How to march a Company to the Field. 2. How to draw them up into a Body. Laſtly, To inſtruct them in the ſeveral Doublings, Counter-marches, and Wheelings. All which ſhall be performed by ſix days Exerciſe, every days Exerciſe being digeſted into ſeveral Figures and Forms of Battel, with their ſeveral ways of Firing, Doubling, Counter-marches, and Wheeling, upon every Form and Figure of Battel.

Of Marching a Company in Diviſions: The Order and Places of the Officers and Drums.
diagram of military formation or battle array

IN Marching, the Officers are to obſerve the Ranks to be at 12 Foot diſtance, and that the Files be cloſed to Open Order.

The Soldiers muſt always begin to march with their right Foot firſt, which is obſerved to conduce moſt to the keeping of due Order in Ranks.

The Captain is to march with his Pike ſhoulder'd.

A Lieutenant to march with a Partizan:

And an Enſign to march with his Pike comported, which is the diſtinction between the Captain and other Officers.

The Serjeants have no place aſſign'd them in marching, but are to be moving up and down, to obſerve that the Ranks and Files be at their due Diſtance.

diagram of military formation or battle array

The Drums are to fall in behind the two firſt Ranks of each Diviſion of Muskettiers, and to Beat between the ſecond and third Rank. When drawn up into a Body, they are to place themſelves in the firſt Rank even with the Front, between the interval of Muskets and Pikes.

The Enſign is to place himſelf ſix Foot before the Body of Pikes, both upon a March, and when drawn up into a Body. So long as the Drum beats a March, they are to be drawn up with their Arms ſhoulder'd, the Colours flying; but if the Drum beat a Troop, the Pikes are to be advanced, the Colours furled.

diagram of military formation or battle array

It is very neceſſary that every Soldier be acquainted throughout with all the parts of a Body of Men drawn up, with their ſeveral Extents and Bounds, and with the true underſtanding of the ſame: Where firſt note, although you have been ſhewed the deſcription both of File and Rank, with their Number, Place, and Dignity belonging to each; yet there is more Parts belonging to a Body of Men drawn up, than only Ranks and Files.

As firſt, a Front, a Reer, a Right Flank, and a Left Flank: There is alſo Front Half-Files, and Reer Half-Files, Right Half-Ranks, and Left Half-Ranks: There is the length and depth of the Battel, every one of which have their particular Extents and Bounds, according to their number of Men. All which is plainly ſet forth in the following Figure.Vide Cap. Of Facing

The Front of which Figure is firſt of all to be taken notice of: There are in all Exerciſes a Proper Front, and an Accidental Front, which is, when all the Company faces to the left, or the like.

diagram of military formation or battle array

FRONT. REER. The Right Flank. The Left Flank. A File. Dignity in File. Front half Files. Reer half Files. A Rank. Dignity in Rank. File-Leaders. Bringers up. Left half Ranks of Muskets. Right half Ranks of Muskets.

CHAP. XIV. The firſt Days Exerciſe.

HAving brought your Company into a place convenient, where you intend to Exerciſe them, you may cauſe the File-Leaders, Corporals, or Serjeants, to inſtruct them in the Poſtures, and true handling of their Arms; which being performed, upon the Summons of the Drum, each File-Leader with his File is to march into his place.

The Captain (or other Commander) being at the Head of his Company, Commands them to even their Ranks, and ſtreighten their Files, and to ſtand to their Open Order both in Rank and File. If your Enſign be not already in the Field, Command a Serjeant with a Drum, and either two or more Files of Pikes, with two Files of Shot, if neceſſary, that the Colours be far off, to guard the Enſign to the place of Rendezvouz. This being performed, and every Man in his place, the Captain (or other Commander) after ſilence, begins firſt to inſtruct the Soldiers in their ſeveral Diſtances betwixt Rank and File, with the ways to open and cloſe to them; next in the Facings, then in the Doublings; which ſhall be theſe following.

The Ranks that double are to obſerve their Right-hand Man, to move at the ſame time with him. They begin their Motion with the Foot, next the Hand named, which Motion is to be performed at three Steps; in doubling the even Ranks, double the odd. Files doubling is performed in the ſame manner, and is the ſame thing with Reduction of doubled Ranks. The Reduction of doubled Files is the ſame thing with doubling Ranks.

To double half Files upon a March, let your Reer half Files move into the Front with a quicker Motion, the Front half Files continuing theirs.

For Reduction, let the Reer half Files ſtand without Facing, 'till the Front half Files have paſſed them, and then fall after their proper Leaders.

Note, That the Letter C. ſtands for Command, the Letter R. for Reducement.

Note, That no Leader is tied to obſerve all theſe Doublings in his Exerciſe at once, but to uſe as many of them as he ſhall think fit.

The words of Command for all entire Doublings to the Front.

Ranks, to the Right double. March.

Files, to the Left double. March.

Ranks, to the Left double. March.

Files, to the Right double. March.

Ranks, to the right and left, double outward.

Files, to the right and left, double inward.

Ranks, to the right and left, double inward.

Files, to the right and left, double outward.

Ranks, as you were.

Half-Files, double your Front to the right.

Files, double your Depth to the left.

Half-Files, double your Front to the left.

Files, double your Depth to the right.

Half-Files, double your Front to the right and left outward. March.

Files, double your Depth to the right and left inward. March.

Half-Files, double your Front to the right and left inward. March.

Files, double your Depth to the right and left outward. March.

Bringers up, double your Front to the right. March.

Files, double your Depth to the left, every Man falling behind his Bringer up.

Bringers up, double your Front to the left.

Files, double your Depth to the right, every Man falling behind his Bringer up. March.

Bringers up, double your Front to the right and left outward. March.

Files, double your Depth to the right and left inward, every Man falling behind his Bringer up. March.

Bringers up, double your Front to the right and left inward. March.

Files, double your Depth to the right and left outward, every Man falling behind his Bringer up. March.

Double your Ranks to the right entire.

Right half Ranks, double your left Flank.

Double your Ranks to the left entire. March.

Left half Ranks double your right Flank.

Double your Ranks inward entire.

The inmoſt Files double your Flanks to the right and left outward, and after, cloſe.

Double your Ranks to the right entire, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right hand Man. March.

Right half Ranks double your left Flank, every Man placing himſelf on the inſide of his left hand Man. March.

Double your Ranks to the left entire, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his left hand Man. March.

Left half Ranks double your right Flank, every Man placing himſelf on the inſide of his right hand Man. March.

Half Files, double your Front to the right entire. March.

R. Right half Ranks, double entire the depth of your left Flank. March.

Half Files, double your Front to the left entire. March.

Left half Ranks, double entire the depth of your right Flank. March.

Half Files double your Front inward entire. March.

The inmoſt Files double entire the depth of the outmoſt Files, and after, cloſe. March.

Note: Every even Rank from the Front face outward, and double the odd. March.

Next follows, to ſhew ſome Diviſional Doublings by the ſame.

Double your Ranks to the right and left by Diviſion. March.

The outmoſt Files upon each Flank that moved, face inward, and ſtrengthen the Body. March.

Double your Ranks to the right and left by Diviſion, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right and left hand Man. March.

The outmoſt Files upon each Flank that moved, double the inmoſt Files to the right and left inward, every Man placing himſelf on the inſide of his right and left hand Men. March.

Half Files, double your Front by Diviſion. March.

Half Files face outwards, and march clear of the Body, face to your Leader, move up, and double the Front.

The outmoſt Files upon each Flank that moved, double entire the depth of the inmoſt Files. March.

Entire Doublings to the Front by Wheelings.

Wheel off your Reer half Files, and double your Front to the right entire. March.

Half Files, face about, and wheel to the left.

Wheel off your Right half Ranks, and double your left Flank entire to the left.

Wheel off your Reer half Files, and double your Front to the left entire.

Face outward, and Left half Ranks wheel about to the left.

Wheel off your Left half Ranks, and double your right Flank to the right entire.

Wheel your Reer half Files inward into the midſt, and double your Front inward entire. March.

The inmoſt Files that doubled, wheel about to the right and left outward, and double entire the depth of the outmoſt Files; after, face to your Leader, and cloſe Files to the midſt to order.

Diviſional Doubling to the Front by Wheeling.

Wheel off your Reer half Files, and double your Front by Diviſion. March.

The outmoſt Files upon each Flank that doubled, wheel about to the right and left inward, and double entire the depth of the inmoſt Files; face to your Leader. March.

CHAP. XV. Of Converſion and Inverſion, with ſome few words of Command, and Reducements.

THE difference betwixt Inverſion and Converſion is this; Inverſion doth always produce File or Files, and Converſion Rank or Ranks: Inverſion conſiſts of Files filing, or of Ranks filing; Converſion of Ranks ranking to the right, or to the left, or by increaſe of Files, ranking by even or uneven parts.

Note: That what is commanded to the Right, the ſame may be performed to the Left.

The words of Command for Inverſion, are as followeth.

Files, file to the right.

Files, file ſix to the left.

Files, file to the right and left by Diviſion.

Files, file ſix to the right and left.

Files, file to the right entire advancing.

File ſix to the right towards the Front.

Files, file inward into the right Flank.The right hand File ſtands, the reſt move away, placing themſelves in a direct File before the Front.

Front half Files, file three to the left; Reer half Files, face about, and file three to the right; face to your Leader, and cloſe your Diviſions.

Files, file to the right by Diviſion.

Front half Files, file three to the right, and Reer half Files face about, and file three to the left; face to your Leader, and cloſe your Diviſions.

Files, file inward into the right and left Flank by Diviſion.

Half Files, face about to the right; Front and Reer half Files, file three to the right and left inwards; face to your Leader, and cloſe your Diviſions.

[For filing inward, the half Files are to face about, and ſo the left hand File of the Reer, and right of the Front, are to move away 'till they become one File.

Filing by Diviſion is the ſame, only the right hand File ſtands, the reſt move away.

Filing inward into the right Flank by Diviſion, half Files are to face about; then the File-Leaders, and Bringers up of the right and left, are to lead, and ſo ſucceſſively fall into the Reer of each other.]

Of Ranks filing.

Ranks filing is ſooner performed and reduced, than Files filing, and will be more ready to make reſiſtance againſt any oppoſition in the Front.

Ranks, file to the right, or to the left, placing your ſelves behind your right hand Men.

If they be upon a ſtand, they may open to their diſtance each Ranke, and ſo place themſelves behind their right hand Men.

If upon a March, as to paſs ſome narrow Defile, the readieſt way to perform it, and draw up in order again as ſoon as paſt, is to make the Ranks file; if to the right, the right hand Man files firſt, and the reſt of his Rank follow him, 'till the Defile be paſt.

For larger Defiles, the Commander draws off as he judges the way will eaſily receive.

Files, rank as you were.

Ranks, file to the right and left by Diviſion.Tacticks of Aelian, c. 30. p. 6.

It is the ſame with the laſt, differing only in this; the half Ranks to the left, fall behind their left hand Men to the left; the half Ranks to the right, behind their ſeveral right hand Men.

Files, rank to the right and left inward, as you were.

The words of Command for Converſion, are as followeth.

Files, rank three to the right.

In this Motion the File-Leader is firſt to move to the Hand commanded, and the half File-Leader is to advance the ſame way.

Ranks, file as you were.

Files, rank ſix to the left. March.

In this Motion cloſe Ranks forward to order, and open Files to double Diſtance; then let every Man in his File move up to the left of his File-Leader, ſo every File will become one Rank: This, if the Company be ſmall, will make it ſeem more large, Battalion like.

Ranks, rank outward into the Front.

The firſt Rank ſtand, the reſt face outward, placing your ſelves ſucceſſively into the Front; after, face to your Leader.

Ranks, rank twelve to the right and left inward, as you were.

Ranks, rank inward into the Front.The twelve middlemoſt men ſtand, which is the firſt Rank, the reſt move ſucceſſively after the firſt Rank.

The firſt Rank is to move away to the right and left, the next Rank moving up into his ground, doing the like, and ſo all the reſt, until the laſt Rank be come up entire into the Front.

Ranks, rank ſix to the right and left outward.

The firſt ſix upon the right, and the firſt ſix upon the left, ſtand, the reſt move outward, falling in the Reer of the firſt Rank, ranking ſix to the right and left; and after, cloſing their Diviſions.

Files, rank to the right into the Front.

Open to the left to your double Diſtance, and Ranks cloſe forward to cloſe Order, and move up to the right into the Front.

Ranks, file ſix to the left.

To perform which, the firſt ſix upon the left are to fall into a File, the reſt doing the like, until they are all converted into Files.

Ranks, rank outward into the Front, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right and left hand Man.This Ranking is by Countermarch.

The firſt Rank ſtand, the reſt move forth to the right and left ſucceſſively, and advance into the Front, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right and left hand Man.

Ranks, rank twelve to the right and left inward, every Man placing himſelf on the inſide of his right and left hand Man. Note: The twelve middle men are to ſtand, the reſt to move ſix to the right hand, and ſix to the left inward.

Ranks, rank inward into the Front, every Man placing himſelf on the inſide of his right and left hand Man.

Right and left half Ranks open from the midſt to twice double Diſtance, the firſt Rank of each Diviſion is to ſtand, the reſt are to move to the right and left inward into the Front.

Ranks, rank ſix to the right and left outward, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right and left hand Man; and after, to cloſe their Diviſions.

Files, rank to the right, by wheeling into the Front.

Files, open to the left to your double Diſtance; Ranks, cloſe forward to your cloſe Order; face to the right, and wheel 'till all the whole Body be brought into one entire Rank.

Ranks, file as you were.

Files, rank into the Front and Reer by Diviſion.

Files, open to the left to your open Order; Ranks, cloſe forward to your cloſe Order; half Files face about to the right and left; then move all in Front and Reer, and make two entire Ranks.

Front half Files, face about to the left; Reer half Files, face about to the right; then wheel half Files into the midſt as they were; then face them to their Leader, and cloſe their Files at diſcretion.Obſerve that thoſe in motion are to face to the right Flank.

Ranks, rank two to the right.This may be obſerv'd with any even number.

The two firſt in Rank advance forwards to the right; the next two in the Reer of them, until the firſt Rank have performed the Command; all the reſt of the Ranks is to perform the like.

Ranks, rank as you were.

Ranks, rank two to the right and left outward.

The two outmoſt Men upon the right and left hand advance forwards; the next in the ſame Rank are to follow, dividing themſelves two to the right hand, and two to the left, 'till the Motion be finiſhed.

Ranks, as you were: Or Rank twelve to the right and left inward.

Ranks, rank two to the right and left inward.

The two inmoſt Men of the right and left hand in the midſt of the Battel, advance forwards; the next in the ſame Rank are to follow two from the right hand, and two from the left, until all have performed the Command.

Ranks, rank 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, &c. by increaſe and decreaſe, as they ſtand in a Body.

The right hand Man of the firſt Rank march forth; then the three next of the ſame Rank follow him; then five more out of the ſame Rank to make the third; and what is wanting in the firſt Rank of the Body, to make good the fourth in Figure, muſt be taken out of the ſecond in Body; and ſo to proceed in the remainder, both for its increaſe and decreaſe, until your Command be produced.

Right hand Men, Rank as you were.

Ranks, rank to each Flank, by wheeling to the right and left into the ſame by Diviſion.Obſerve, they are to be at double Diſtance in Rank, and at Order in File.

Face them to the Reer, and then let them wheel into their places.

Ranks, rank as you were; face to your Leader.

But if you would avoid mixture of Arms, you may place all your Muskettiers, either in Front and Reer, or elſe wheel only the Muskettiers firſt, and leave the Pikes ſtanding: Otherwiſe it may be performed in marching, and then the Reducement as before, Rank as you were.

Ranks of your Front and Reer half Files, wheel outwards to your right and left Flank by Diviſion. Note: They are to obſerve the ſame diſtance as in the former Command.

Half Files, face about; Ranks, open to your double Diſtance; then Front and Reer half Files, wheel to the right and left outwards into both Flanks.

Front and Reer half Files, face to the right and left inwards, and Rank as you were; and cloſe Ranks forward to order.

Files, rank three firſt, then by increaſe to the Right two, in each Diviſion of Muskettiers and Pikes. Theſe are termed half Rhombs, or Wedges.

Ranks, file as you were.

Files, rank firſt two, and by increaſe two from the whole Body.You may make a Wedge of all together.

Ranks, file as you were.

Note: You may alter the mixture of Arms at pleaſure.

Files, rank firſt two, and by increaſe and decreaſe two in each Rank diviſionally, both of Muskets and Pikes. Tacticks of Aelian, pag. 108.

Ranks, file as you were.

CHAP. XVI. Of Countermarches, with their ſeveral ſorts and kinds.

THE next branch of Diſcipline which offers it ſelf, are Countermarches, which we read (in the Tacticks of Aelian)Tacticks of Aelian, cap. 28. were of uſe amongſt the Grecians and Perſians, only theſe three kinds, to wit,

1. The Chorean, maintaining ground. 2. The Lacedemonian, loſing ground. 3. The Macedonian, gaining ground.

The diſtance for Countermarch is open Order in Rank and File.

Note: When there is a Countermarch commanded without any other addition, then it is always intended a Chorean Countermarch.

The Chorean.

Files, to the right hand Countermarch.

The word of Command being given, all the File-Leaders ſtep forwards with their right Legs, and face about to the right, every File-Leader with his File following him towards the Reer, paſſing through the interval on his right hand, obſerving to keep even in Rank with his right hand Man, and not to turn, until he come to the ground where at firſt his File-Leader began the Motion: The Command is performed when the Bringers up have attained unto the place where before their File-Leaders ſtood.

Files, to the left hand, Countermarch.

Ranks, to the right hand, Countermarch.

Face them to the right, then the right hand File is to turn off to the right, and to march even to the Ground of the left hand File.

Ranks, to the left hand, Countermarch.

Note: That any entire Countermarch of Files and Ranks will be reduced, by making another entire Countermarch to what hand ſoever; but if you deſire to have them not only reduced to the ſame Aſpect, but alſo preciſely to the ſame place; then if the Countermarch be to the right, Countermarch again to the right, ſo to the left.

Countermarch Front and Reer into the midſt.

Half Files face about, and turn off to the left; Front half Files turn off to the right, and face to your Leader.

Countermarch your Front and Reer into the midſt again, will reduce the laſt Command; or elſe by any other Diviſional Countermarch of Files.

Front and Reer half Files Countermarch to the right.

Front half Files Countermarch to the right, following your File-Leaders; Reer half Files Countermarch to the right, following your Half File-Leaders.

Countermarch Front and Reer into the midſt; then face to the firſt Front, and they are reduced.

Countermarch your Flanks into the midſt.

Face to the right and left outwards; the right Flank turn off to the right; the left Flank turn off to the left; March, and cloſe your Diviſions.

Countermarch your Flank into the midſt again, and they are reduced.

Right and left half Ranks interchange your Ground.

Face to the right and left inward; March, and interchange your Ground; face to your Leader.

Interchanging of Ground back again, will reduce them; or Diviſionally to Countermarch their Flanks into the midſt of the Battel.

The Lacedemonian Countermarch loſing Ground.

Files, to the right hand Countermarch, placing your ſelves before your Bringers up; to your Leader.

Bringers up, face about to the right; the reſt Countermarch to the right, every Man turning on the Ground he ſtands, following their Leaders, placing themſelves before their Bringers up.

Bringers up, ſtand; the reſt paſs through to the right, and place your ſelves before your Bringers up.

Files, to the right hand Countermarch, every Man turning on the Ground he ſtands.

The File-Leaders of each File are to ſtep ſideways to the right, and ſo march even in Rank together, every Man following his Leader, and turning on the Ground he ſtands.

Files to the left hand Countermarch, every Ma turning on the Ground he ſtands.

Bringers up, face about to the right; the reſt paſs through to the right, and place your ſelves before your Bringers up.

Face all to the right about; Bringers up, ſtand; the reſt of the Body paſs through the right, and place your ſelves before your Bringers up.

Note: This Motion is begun by the Rank, next the Bringers up, and ſo continued ſucceſſively by the reſt, 'till the Command be ended.

This Countermarch may be reduced, by doing the ſame to the contrary hand; or if you pleaſe,

Bringers up, ſtand; the reſt paſs through to the right, and place your ſelves behind your Bringers up.

Note: This Command is performed by the Rank, next the Reer, until the File-Leaders become the Bringers up; then face them to the proper Front, and they are reduced.

The laſt Rank (or Bringers up) are to ſtand; the reſt of the Body to face to the Reer, and paſs through to the right, placing themſelves behind their Bringers up; then face them all about after their proper File-Leaders, and they are reduced as at firſt.

Ranks, to the right hand Countermarch, every Man turning after his right hand Man on the Ground he ſtands.

Face all to the right, which being performed, the right hand File, together with all the reſt, becomes Ranks, and ſo begin the Countermarch, every Rank turning after his right hand Man on the Ground he ſtands, and ſo marcheth forth-right beyond that which was the left Flank.

Right hand File, face to the right; the reſt paſs through to the right, and place your ſelves before your right hand Men.

The Macedonian Countermarches gaining Ground.

File-Leaders, face about to the right; the reſt paſs through to the right, and place your ſelves behind your Leaders.

Note: This Motion beginneth with that Rank, next the File-Leaders.

File-Leaders, face about to the right; the reſt paſs through the intervals to the right, and place themſelves behind their Leaders, every Rank ſucceſſively paſſing through, and taking their places.

File-Leaders, face to the Reer; the reſt paſs through the left, following your Bringors up, placing your ſelves behind your Leaders.

Note: This Countermarch may be reduced as the reſt, by doing the ſame to the contrary hand, or by an entire Countermarch of Files.

File-Leaders, face to the Reer; then the Bringers up begin the Countermarch, paſſing forward between the intervals, turning on the Ground they ſtand, the (5) following the (6), and ſo likewiſe the reſt until the Countermarch is ended; then face them to their firſt Front, and they are reduced as at firſt.

For Reducement, obſerve this for all, That any entire Countermarch of File or Rank, may be reduced by another entire Countermarch by File or Rank, of what kind, or to what hand ſoever.

This may ſuffice to be ſpoken of all the ſeveral ſorts and kinds of Countermarches, they being the leaſt uſeful of any part of the Art Military, and of late not ſo much as practiſed upon Service, either abroad, or at home, very little in any of our Annual Exerciſes: Therefore in the next place I come briefly to treat of Wheelings, being a Subject more profitable for the intelligible Soldier.

CHAP. XVII. Of Wheelings, with their ſeveral Uſes.

BEfore you begin to wheel, cloſe both Ranks and Files to their Order.

Two things are to be obſerved in all Wheelings by the Soldier: 1. That they keep their due Diſtance, which is in all Wheelings three Foot, both in Rank and File. 2. That upon all Wheelings, you muſt be ſure to obſerve your Leader, and follow him, keeping your due Diſtance, your Muskettiers being all either ſhoulder'd or palmed, which is the Sentinel Poſture; your Pikes to be either ſhoulder'd or advanced, conformable to the Muskettier; for if he be palmed, the Pike may be advanced, and then he is ready either for Port or Charge.

Entire Wheelings.

Wheel your Battel to the Right. Left. Right about. Left about.

The right or left hand Men in the Front are the Hinges of theſe Motions, who with a ſmall Motion move to the right or left; the reſt, the more their places are remote from the right or left Angle, the more ſwift muſt every Man's Motion be to bring their Aſpects unto the place commanded, following their Leaders, and keeping their due Diſtance.

For Reducement, if you wheel your Battel to the right, wheel it again to the left, and they are reduced, but not to the ſame Ground; if to the right about, wheel to the left about; but if you would reduce them as well to the firſt Ground, as their firſt Aſpect, face them to the right, and then wheel them to the left about; which being done, face them to the left, and they are perfectly reduced as at firſt.

But the neareſt Reducement of Aſpect and Place is, If you wheel to the right about, then wheel to the right about again; if to the left about, then to the left about in like manner.

Wheel your Battel on the ſame Ground to the Right. Left. Right about. Left about.

Left half Ranks move forwards, and wheel to the right; right half Ranks contrariwiſe face to the left ſideways, falling backward, moving ſtill unto the place commanded.

Wheel off your Front by Diviſion.

File-Leaders of the right Flank wheel about to the right, the reſt of each File following their Leaders; File-Leaders of the left Flank wheel about to the left in the ſame manner, and then cloſe your Diviſions.

Wheel the Battel off by Diviſion from the Reer.

Face to the Reer, and turn off to the right and left.

Wheel the Battel inward to the Reer.

Open from the midſt to convenient Diſtance, and turn off to the right and left.

Wheel the Battel inward to the Front from the Reer.

Face to the Reer, open from the midſt, and wheel inward to the Front.

Wheel off the Body by Diviſion from the right Flank.

Face to the right.

Wheel off the Body by Diviſion from the left Flank.

Face to the left.

Wheel the Body inward to the left Flank from the right.

Face to the right, and open to convenient Diſtance outward, and wheel inward to the left Flank.

Wheel the Body inward to the right Flank from the left.

Face to the left, and open outward to convenient Diſtance, then wheel inward to the right Flank.

Wheel off your Front and Reer half Files by Diviſion.

Half Files face about; Front and Reer half Files turn off by Diviſion.

Wheel your Front and Reer half Files inward to the midſt of Ranks.

Half Files face about; Front and Reer half Files open outward to convenient Diſtance; then wheel inward to the midſt of Ranks.

Wheel off your Front and Reer half Files by Diviſion from the midſt of Ranks.

Front half Files face about; Front and Reer half Files wheel off to the right and left by Diviſion.

Wheel Front and Reer half Files inward, both to Front and Reer from the midſt of Ranks.

Front half Files face about; Front and Reer half Files open from the midſt to convenient Diſtance, and wheel inward into Front and Reer.

Wheel off your right and left half Ranks by Diviſion.

Face outward, and wheel off to the right and left by Diviſion.

Wheel your right and left half Ranks inward to the midſt of Files.

Face outward, and open to the right and left; then wheel inward to the midſt of Files.

Wheel off your right and left half Ranks by Diviſion from the midſt of Files.

Face inward, then move backward to a convenient Diſtance, and ſo wheel off by Diviſion from the midſt of Files.

Wheel your right and left half Ranks inward to both Flanks from the midſt of Files.

Face inward, and open to the right and left to a convenient diſtance, and then wheel inward to both Flanks.

Theſe are all the entire and diviſional Wheelings that have hitherto been practiſed by any, there are other Wheelings which may properly be termed Doublings, which I have placed amongſt the Doublings, which is moſt proper.

As for the Reducement of every particular Wheeling, you may obſerve as before in the Countermarches, ſo in theſe; for unto what hand ſoever they wheeled, Command them to wheel to the contrary hand, and they will be reduced unto the firſt Front; or what part is wheeled off by Diviſion, wheel them inward again from that place, and it will eaſily reduce them.

CHAP. XVIII. The ſecond Days Exerciſe.

YOUR Soldiers being Commanded the ſecond time into the Field, and the Body drawn up into the ordinary Square, every Officer vigilant in his place, the Captain may command Silence, with ſome other general terms of Obſervation, both for the Leaders, and the Right hand Men; then to even their Ranks, and ſtreighten their Files; which being performed, he may proceed (as formerly) to ſhew the Diſtances, Facings, Doublings, Countermarches, and Wheelings, inſtructing them in all, or ſo many of them as the time will permit, and he thinks convenient.

In the next place, that which follows for this days Exerciſe are Firings, which ſhall be performed five ways, that is to ſay, To the Front, to the Reer, to the right or left Flank, Oblique or Angular, as ſhall be fully demonſtrated.

So ſoon as the Drum beats a Preparative, the Muskettiers are to begin to make ready to perform all Firings as they ſhall be commanded.

CHAP. XIX. Several Firings to be performed with any number of Men upon all occaſions, either to the Front, or to the Reer, or to both Flanks, as followeth.

THE Front being the moſt Honourable part, challengeth Superiority; therefore to begin your Firing, draw all your Shot before your Pikes; Theſe are Firings to gain ground. when done, command 2 Ranks to advance ten Paces, make ready, Preſent, give Fire, wheeling both off together, and falling in the Reer of themſelves, the reſt doing the like, advancing into their Leaders ground. You may do the ſame with two Ranks advancing ten Paces, or with one Rank advancing three Paces.

You may likewiſe Fire by Files, advancing what Paces you pleaſe; firſt, ſingle; then double; or ranking inward 1, 2, 3, or more at pleaſure, falling down into their places again.

Likewiſe you may fire by Ranks filing and advancing, moving down, and ranking in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

Fire by Diviſions drawn off as many Paces as you think convenient, returning again into their places.

To Fire by way of Introduction, thus:

The firſt Rank fires, and ſtands; the laſt Rank paſſeth up between the Files, and placing themſelves before the File-Leaders, ſtand, and give Fire; the reſt doing the like, 'till they have all fired over.

To Fire by Introduction another way.

The firſt Rank ſtands, and fires; the next Rank moves up, and places themſelves before the firſt, then ſtands and Fires; the reſt moving up, and doing the like, until they have all fired twice.

Firings maintaining Ground.The Muskettiers continuing ſtill before the Pikes, command the five firſt Ranks to kneel, the laſt Rank make ready, Preſent, give Fire, ſtanding faſt, and charging again; then command the fifth Rank to ſtand up, Preſent, and give Fire, ſtanding faſt as before: Likewiſe the fourth to do the ſame, and ſo all the reſt, 'till they have all fired over. Then if your pleaſe, you may fire two Ranks together; likewiſe four Ranks together, two kneeling, and two ſtanding upright, falling off. If you think fit, you may fire all ſix Ranks together, two kneeling, two ſtooping, and two ſtanding upright.

To maintain the ſame Ground ſtill, you may fire them by ſingle Ranks, falling off to the right and left by Diviſion, placing themſelves in the Reer of the Pikes.

This Firing is termed the Street-Firing.Then you may Fire by Extraduction, which is, The firſt Rank paſſes from the Reer upon the outſide of the Pikes upon the right, until they have placed themſelves in a Rank before the Pikes, Note: The Pikes muſt be at Charge. falling off to the left into the Reer, the reſt ſucceſſively doing the like, until they have fired all over; which being done, you may face them to the right and left outward; then facing them to the Front proper, you may cauſe them to march up, and even the Front of Pikes. Next you may Fire by Ranks ranking into the Front, or Files ranking into the Front, and filing or ranking as they were. After you have fired them by Ranks, you may do the ſame by Files, wheeling outward or inward into the Front, and filing again as they were. Then you may fire by the outmoſt Files wheeling or ranking outward into the Front, falling off likewiſe, being lead off by Bringers up, leading up next the Pikes; this done twice, reduceth.

The proper Firings to loſe ground are theſe following.

Firings to loſe ground.The Muskettiers being ſuppoſed to be all in the front, command the firſt Rank to make ready, Preſent, give Fire, falling off to the right and left by Diviſion, each part falling Fileways down cloſe by their Flanks of Muskettiers, until the Leaders of the Ranks of Muskettiers have ranked even with the firſt Rank of Pikes, obſerving always to leave an interval between the innermoſt Files of Shot, and the outermoſt Files of Pikes: So ſoon as the firſt Rank hath given Fire, and wheeled away, the ſecond Rank is to do the like, paſſing down between the intervals on the Flanks, placing themſelves after their Leaders. The ſame is every Rank ſucceſſively to do, until they have all fired over, and flanked their Pikes.

The Muskettiers being now all upon the Flanks, command the firſt Rank to make ready, Preſent, and give Fire; after they have fired, command the firſt Rank, both Muskets and Pikes, to Countermarch to the right, every Man turning on the ground he ſtands; the ſecond Rank is to give Fire as they ſtand, obſerving to turn after their Leaders to the right hand on the ground they ſtand, placing themſelves behind their Bringers up, following their Leaders. If you pleaſe, you may Fire even with the half Files, and fall in the Reer of themſelves.

Thus much briefly of Firings to the Front.

Firings to the Reer.The Reer challengeth the next place, where ſuppoſe all the Muskettiers to be in the Reer of the Pikes, the Body marching; Fire, 1. To the right or left about, which is thus performed: If the Enemy appear in the Reer, let the laſt Rank of Muskettiers face about, and give Fire, wheeling off by Diviſion Fileways, falling in the Front of their own Diviſions. When the firſt Rank are giving of Fire, the next Rank are to be in readineſs, obſerving always that ſo ſoon as the firſt Rank hath fired, they immediately blow and open their Pans, ſtepping forward with their right Feet, (a little inclining to that hand to which you are to face about) advancing your left Feet, and to the Reer Preſent, giving your Body a nimble turn, and ſo give Fire to the reſt ſucceſſively, doing the ſame at three Motions.

Note: That in this Firing the Reer muſt be kept full, leaving a vacancy of one Rank in the Front for the Rank that fired to place it ſelf, ſtill keeping along with the Body; the Muskettiers obſerving always to advance their right Legs, and blow; advancing with the left, open their Pans; then turning upon the Ball of their left Foot to the right about, caſt their right Leg backward, and Fire: This is the nimbleſt way for this Firing.

2. Fire, and fall off to the right and left, and rank with the firſt Rank of Pikes into the Front.

3. Fire even with the Reer, and fall off before the Front of your own Diviſions.

4. Fire even in the Reer, or laſt Rank, falling off to the right and left with a ſwift Motion, placing your ſelves 10 or 20 paces before the Front of Pikes ſtill facing to the Body, and making ready again whilſt the Pikes make good the Retreat, obſerving always to open to the right and left to give room for the Pikes; then ſuddenly cloſing again, you may,

5. Fire, loſing ground, falling off to the right and left about juſt before the Front of Pikes, ſtill facing to the Body as before, and making ready as before, the Pikes ſtill continuing the Charge.

6. Fire by Introduction to the Reer, until they come down even with the Reer, and ſtand, making ready again.

7. Fire, by commanding the firſt Rank to Preſent, and give Fire, both Muskettiers and Pikes turning on the ground they ſtand (by way of Countermarch) ſleave down the intervals, placing themſelves before the Front of their own Diviſions, the reſt keeping their own ground; and after having given Fire ſucceſſively, turn down after their Leaders on the ground they ſtand on.

Laſtly; If you are purſued eagerly, ſo that you cannot make a ſafe Retreat by marching, face all about, and Fire by way of Extraduction: If you be hard preſſed upon by the Enemies Horſe, command the Muskettiers to double their Pikes, and Fire, falling off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſions. And thus much for Firings in the Reer.

In the next place, it will be convenient to ſhew ſome Firings to the Flanks, whereby the ingenious Commander may defend that part, if attakced by an Enemy, either upon a March, or other ways.

Firings to the Flanks upon a March.1. Fire to the right, File-Leaders leading up their Files next to the Pikes. 2. Fire to the right, Bringers up Leading away next the Pikes, and their own Diviſion, which being twice done, reduceth them. 3. Fire to the right, leading up on the contrary Flank, either by the File-Leaders, or Bringers up. 4. Fire, by facing to the right, and doubling the Pikes to the right, and ſo fall off to the right and left by Diviſion as before, the reſt ſtill moving up, and evening the Front of Pikes. 5. Fire by Extraduction to the right, or by half Ranks drawn forth, and falling Rank after Rank in the Reer of the Pikes: After to reduce them, cauſe them to double their Front by Diviſion, ſo they will be as at firſt.

Theſe Firings may be performed as well to both Flanks as to one, the Body being faced accordingly; likewiſe to Front and Reer at the ſame time, or to Front, Reer, and both Flanks, as ſhall be ſhewed in their proper places: But theſe already may be ſufficient to explain the ordinary way of Firings, which any ingenious Capacity may augment or alter according as time and place will give leave. And ſo much for plain Firings to the Front, Reer, and both Flanks, and likewiſe for the ſecond day's Exerciſe.

CHAP. XX. The third Days Exerciſe.

HAving the third time brought your Soldiers into the Field (as formerly), it will be very neceſſary in the firſt place that they be taught the Poſtures of each Arms, either by the File-Leaders, or ſome other of the Officers, which muſt be careful to ſee the ſame decently and neatly performed, and in a comely manner, which is not only the Ground-work of all Exerciſe; but it is a means whereby many are brought in to be true Lovers of Military Exerciſe, as being well pleaſed with the ſight thereof; which being performed, every File-Leader ought to lead up his File, and to joyn into a Body, upon expectation of farther Command from his Captain, who being at the Head of the Company, commands Silence, the Officers being all at their ſeveral Poſts, he may proceed to inſtruct them in their ſeveral Diſtances and Facings; which being performed, the next thing requiſite will be to gratifie the deſerving Soldier, who earneſtly deſires to underſtand his place of Dignity and Honour: To perform which, the Captain Commands as followeth.

CHAP. XXI. A Doubling to make every Man a File-Leader by Dignity.

HAlf Files, double your Front to the left.

Files, double to the right entire advancing, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader.

This Doubling cauſes the Bringers up to become the File-Leaders, being ſecond Man in Dignity.

Front half Files, double your Reer to the left.

Double your Files to the left entire advancing, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader.

This Doubling makes the half File-Leaders of the Reer half Files to become the File-Leaders, being the third Man in Dignity.

Bringers up, double your Front to the right.

Files, double your Depth to the right, every Man falling behind his Bringer up.

This Doubling cauſes the Bringers up of the Front half Files to become the File-Leaders, being the fourth in Dignity.

Half Files, double your Front to the right.

Files, double to the left entire advancing.

Files, to the right, double.

Files, to the right, double.

This Doubling cauſes the ſecond Rank to become the File-Leaders, being the fifth in Dignity.

Bringers up, double your Front to the left.

Files, double your Depth to the left, every Man falling behind his Bringer up.

This Doubling cauſes the Rank next before the Bringers up to become the File-Leaders, and are the ſixth and laſt in Dignity.

Ranks, to the left double.

Files, to the left double: And they are reduced.

The Soldiers being ſatisfied now they know each his place of Dignity, the Captain may proceed to ſhew theſe Doublings, or ſuch other as the time will permit, and he ſhall think convenient.

CHAP. XXII. Eighteen ſeveral Doublings, with their Reducements.

HAlf Files, double your Front to the left.

Double your Files to the right entire, advancing.

Front half Files, double your Reer to the right entire.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank to the left.

Face all to the right, and left half Ranks move forward, and double your right Flank to the left: To your Leader.

Double your Ranks to the left entire.

Right half Ranks, double your left Flank entire, advancing.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank inward entire.

Half Files of the right half Ranks, face about; right half Ranks, move clear of the ſtanding part; face all to the right: Left half Ranks, move forward into the right Flank; to your Leader.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, double the ſix middlemoſt entire to the left Flank.

The three firſt, and the three laſt, face to the left; march clear of the ſtanding part; face inward; move, and cloſe your Diviſions; to your Leader.

Right half Ranks, double your left Flank to the right.

Face all to the left, and right half Ranks move forwards, and double your left Flank to the right; to your Leader.

Double your Ranks to the right entire.

Right half Ranks, double your left Flank inward entire.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks entire to the right Flank.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank entire, advancing.

Front half Files, double your Reer to the left entire.

Half Files, double your Front to the right.

Double your Files to the left entire, advancing, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader.

Front half Files, double your Reer to the right, following your Leaders.

Half Files, face about; File-Leaders, turn off to the left, and move down upon the right of the Reer, the reſt following ſucceſſively; to your Leader.

Files, double your Depth to the left entire; and they are reduced, being faced to their Leader.

CHAP. XXIII. Twelve ſeveral Countermarches, with their Reducements.

FIles to the right hand Countermarch, loſing ground.

Ranks to the right hand Countermarch, loſing ground.

Face all to the right.

Front and Reer half Files, interchange ground.

Front half Files, face about to the left.

Right and Left half Ranks, interchange ground.

Face inward.

File-Leaders, face about; the reſt paſs through to the right, and place your ſelves behind your Leaders; face to the Front.

Countermarch your Front and Reer into the midſt.

Countermarch your Flanks into the midſt; face outward.

File-Leaders, and Half File-Leaders, ſtand; the reſt paſs through to the right, and place your ſelves before your Leaders, and Half File-Leaders.

The ſecond Rank from the Front, and from the Half File-Leaders, are to begin the Motion.

The outmoſt File upon the right, and the ſecond File from the left, ſtand; the reſt paſs through to the right, and place your ſelves on the outſide of your right hand Men.

Files to the left hand Countermarch, loſing ground.

Front and Reer half Files, Countermarch to the right.

Direction. Front and Reer half Files, turn off diſtinctly by your ſelves on the ground you ſtand; face to your Leader.

Right and Left half Ranks, Countermarch to the right.

Face to the right; and right and left half Ranks turn off diſtinctly to the right; face to your Leader, and they are reduced.

CHAP. XXIV. Twelve ſeveral Wheelings, with their Reducements.

VVHeel your Reer half Files inward into the midſt, and double the Front inward entire.

Right and Left half Ranks, open from the midſt to double Diſtance; Reer half Files, face about, and wheel your Reer inward into the midſt, moving forward, doubling the Front inward entire.

Wheel off your Right half Ranks, and double your left Flank to the left entire.

Face outward; Right half Ranks, wheel about to the right, and double your left Flank to the left; to your Leader.

Right and Left half Ranks, double the length of your Battel by wheeling outward into the Front.

Face outward, and Right half Ranks wheel to the left, and Left half Ranks wheel to the right, and after, cloſe Files into the midſt to order.

Wheel off your Right half Ranks, and double your left Flank by Diviſion.

Face outward; Right half Ranks, wheel about to the right and left outward, moving forward, and doubling the left Flank to the right and left outward.

Wheel your Left half Ranks inward into the right Flank.

Face outward, and open from the midſt to double Diſtance; the Front and Reer half Files, and after, the Left half Ranks may wheel inward, and double the right Flank inward entire.

Wheel off your Reer half Files, and double your Front to the left entire; half Files, face about.

Wheel your Right half Ranks into the midſt, and double your left Flank inward entire.

Face outward; and Front and Reer half Files that were, are to open from the midſt to double Diſtance; and Right half Files wheel inward, and move forward into the left Flank.

Wheel off your Reer half Files, and double your Front to the right entire; half Files, face about.

Wheel off your Left half Ranks, and double your right Flank by Diviſion.

Wheel off your Front half Files, and double the Reer to the right entire; half Files, face about.

Double the depth of the Battel, by wheeling Front and Reer into the midſt of each Diviſion.

Front half Files, move forward four paces; then the laſt Rank of each Diviſion face about, and wheel into the midſt of Front and Reer of each Diviſion; face to your Leader.

Wheel off your Front half Files, and double your Reer to the left entire; half Files, face about.

Wheel your Battel off by Diviſion from the Reer.

Face all about; and Right half Ranks wheel about to the right and left outward to the Front, and cloſing Files into the midſt to order, they will be reduced as at firſt.

CHAP. XXV. Several Firings, with Figures of Battel for this days Exerciſe of 72 Men.

This Firing is a Firing by Files.THE two outmoſt Files of Muskettiers advance forward 'till clear of the ſtanding part; then rank inward to order, Preſent, and give Fire all together; the next File marching up in the Reer of the firſt, and ſo ranking inward as before, the reſt ſucceſſively doing the ſame. Obſerve the Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 1.

Having fired, they are to wheel off to the right and left, being led off by their reſpective File-Leaders, placing themſelves next the Pikes, the reſt of the Body moving to the right and left outward, to give room for them that have fired to place themſelves.

Muskettiers, advance forward 'till you are ſix Foot clear of your ſtand of Pikes; then face inward, and cloſe your Diviſions; to your Leader.

Half Files of Pikes, double your Front by Diviſion.

The firſt Rank make ready, Preſent, and give Fire, wheeling off to the right and left, placing your ſelves in the Reer of your own Diviſions. Obſerve the Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 2.

Reducement of the laſt Figure by way of firing, which is this: The firſt Rank is to fire, and wheel off by Diviſion, placing themſelves even with the firſt Rank of Pikes, the reſt ſucceſſively doing the like 'till they have all fired over.

Note: That by this Figure they have all fired but the laſt Rank.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 3.
diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 4. Ranks advancing from the Front of a ſtanding Battalia.

The firſt Rank of Muskettiers advance with your right Feet, blow and open; advance with your left Feet, and to the Front Preſent, give Fire, wheeling all off to the right and left by Diviſion, placing your ſelves in the Reer of your own Diviſions; the reſt obſerving to do the like, always keeping an even Front.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 5. Ranks firing even with the Front.

You may if you pleaſe fire two or three Ranks together, and if preſs'd upon, the Pikes may Charge home, and Muskettiers may give Fire even with the half Files; if the Enemy give on ſo faſt that they force a Retreat, then they are to Fire upon the ground they ſtand, wheeling off as before; but if the Enemy give ground, then you may proceed to give Fire upon the Horn Battel.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 6. Ranks firing even with the Half Files.

The way to perform the Horn Battel is as followeth.

The Horn Battel.

Pikes, double your Ranks forward The Horn to the right, and open outward to Battel. Order; ſtand.

Muskettiers, March, until the Bringers up rank even with the Front.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 7.

There is ſeveral ways to Fire up this Figure; as, 1. By ſingle Ranks: 2. By two Ranks: 3. By three, falling in the Reer of their own Diviſions: Or you may fire by Files ranking inward, or wheeling into the Front, being led off by their Bringers up on the inſide of their own Diviſions.

Note: If Files Rank inward into the Front, they may fall off to the right and left by Diviſion.

A triple Firing to the Front.

Front half Files of Muskettiers, double your Front of Pikes by Diviſion.

Pikes, advance forward, and range even a Breaſt with the Reer half Files of Muskettiers.

Reer half Files of Muskettiers, to the right and left outward; march ſix paces; face all to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 8.

To fire upon this Figure, cauſe both the Muskettiers of the Front, and both Flanks, to Preſent and give Fire together; the Muskettiers of the Front Diviſion are to wheel off to the right and left between their intervals, and place themſelves even in Rank in the Reer of the Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers: Then the Muskettiers that fired in the Flank march directly down to the right and left, and place themſelves ſix foot below the laſt Rank of Pikes, always obſerving to leave a ſufficient place for the Front Diviſion to place themſelves.

A ſecond way of Firing will be to fire all three Ranks together, the firſt kneeling, the ſecond ſtooping, the third ſtanding upright; then cauſe the Front Diviſion of Muskettiers to face to the right and left outward, and march 'till they have given the Pikes ſufficient room to march; then cauſe the Ranks of Pikes that doubled, to face to the left, and take their places; after, face to their Leader, march up, and even their Front; Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers face to the right and left inward, and cloſe your Diviſions, ſo they are reduced as at firſt.

Wheel your Flanks by Diviſion into the Front.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 9. The broad-fronted Battel.

As for firing upon this Figure, cauſe the firſt Rank to fire, then to march down through the intervals to the right, and place themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſions, the reſt ſucceſſively performing the ſame.

For a ſecond firing, they may fire, and fall off to the right or to the left (as before), and place themſelves in the Reer of the Pikes. The Pikes here may Charge either at hand or foot, and the Muskettiers may alſo fire over their heads, if they Charge at foot; if at hand, the Muskettiers may face either to the right or left, and march up through the intervals, and place themſelves before each Diviſion of Pikes, and ſo give fire, turning off to the contrary hand, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

To Reduce them, if it be upon the firſt firing, Command the Body to cloſe their Diviſions, and wheel their Flanks into the Reer; then face to their Leader.

But if you fire a ſecond time, and Muskettiers be in the Reer of the Pikes, Command them by Diviſion to double their Front entire, and then wheel both Flanks into the Reer, as before.

Muskettiers, march, 'till clear of the Body of Pikes.

Front half Files, face to the right and left inward, and cloſe your Diviſions; to your Leader.

Reer half Files, open to the right and left.

Front half Files of Pikes, face to the right and left outward; march, and flank your Wings of Shot; to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 10.

For to Fire upon this Figure, Command the firſt Rank of Muskettiers, both in Front and Flanks, to Preſent altogether, and give Fire, falling off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

Half Ranks of the Reer Diviſion of Pikes, wheel to the right and left outward; march up, and flank your Front of Muskettiers.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 11.

You may Fire upon this Figure to Front and both Flanks, or to Reer and both Flanks, by commanding the Front Diviſion, both of Muskettiers and Pikes, to face to the right about; march down, and even the Reer.

But to reduce this Figure as now it ſtands, Command the two Diviſions of Pikes in the Front to face to the right about; then wheel your Front into the midſt, and march down and take your places; to your Leader.

Front half Files of Muskettiers, face to the right and left outwards, and march 'till you file even with your Reer half Files of Muskettiers, then ſtand; to your Leader.

Front half Files of Pikes, face to the right and left inward, and cloſe your Diviſions; then move all up, and even the Front of Muskettiers: So they are reduced as at firſt.

Muskettiers, march all, until your half Files range even with the Front of Pikes.

Front half Files, march forward three paces, then ſtand.

Reer half Files of Muskettiers, face to the right and left outward, and march clear of the Front half Files.

Reer half Files of Pikes, open to the right and left outward, and march clear of the Front Diviſion of Pikes; to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array Fig. 12.

For the firſt Firing, let all the Diviſions of Muskettiers fire by Ranks as they ſtand, falling to the right and left outward into the Reer of their own Diviſions.

And for the ſecond Firing, cauſe the four Diviſions of Muskettiers in the Front and Flanks to make ready; then let the firſt Rank of each Diviſion Preſent, and give Fire, wheeling off to the right and left as you were, each Diviſion flanking their own half Files of Pikes; then Reer half Files of Pikes face to the right and left inward, and march into your places; after, cloſe Files inward to order, and Ranks cloſe forward to order, and they will be reduced as at firſt.

So much ſhall ſuffice for the third days Exerciſe, and now we'll lodge our Colours, until the bellowing Drum give a forth Summons into the Field.

CHAP. XXVI. The fourth Days Exerciſe.

HAving the fourth time brought your Soldiers into the Field compleatly Armed, according to Bellona's Summons, and every Man in his place of Dignity, the Captain may proceed in commanding the File-Leaders (which is the firſt place of worth) to Exerciſe every one their File; which being performed, and every File-Leader having brought up his File into its proper place, the Officers being all there preſent, the Captain conſiders (after he hath ſhewed them their Diſtances and Facings) which way farther to delight them, being the laſt Exerciſe he ſhewed them was a Doubling, which produced every Man a File-Leader by Dignity; ſo in this he may go farther, in ſhewing how by a Doubling every Man becomes a File-Leader by ſucceſſion. The words of Command are as followeth.

Ranks, to the left double.

Files, to the left double.

Half Files, double your Front to the left.

Files, double your Depth to the left.

Bringers up, double your Front to the right.

Double your Files to the left entire, advancing.

Bringers up, double your Front to the left.

Double your Files to the right entire, advancing.

Ranks, to the right double.

Files, to the right double.

Files, rank to the left into the Front.

Ranks, File fix to the left; and they are reduced.

The Commander, if he pleaſe, (and have time) may proceed farther in variety of Doublings, either entire or diviſional; but for this days Exerciſe, it will be convenient that the Soldiers be ſhewed ſome variety of Doublings by Countermarches, which altho' they are ſomething difficult, yet they will afford much delight unto the Soldiers.

CHAP. XXVII. Several Doublings by Countermarches, with their Reducements.

BRingers up, double your Front to the left.

Double your Files to the left entire, advancing, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader.

Front half Files, double your Reer to the right and left outward, following your Leaders.

Double your Files outward entire, advancing, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader.

Bringers up, double your Front to the right and left inward.

Double your Files inward entire, advancing, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader.

Front half Files, double your Reer to the right and left inwards, following your Leaders.

Files, double your Depth to the right and left outward, following your Bringers up.

Double your Files to the right by Diviſion, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader, and his Bringer up.

Half Files of the even Files from the right, face about; even Files advance forward, and double the odd; to your Leader.

The three firſt, and the three laſt, double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks to the right and left inward, following your Leaders, and your Bringers up.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, are they that double, and the File-Leaders, and Bringers up, begin the Motion; the reſt following according to Command, always conforming to the ſame Poſture of thoſe they are to double, and then face to their Leader.

Double your Files to the left by Diviſion, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader, and his Bringer up.

The ſix middle Ranks double your Front and Reer to the right and left outward, following the half File-Leaders, and the Bringers up of the Front half Files: The three laſt Ranks of the Front and Reer half Files face about; the middle Ranks are to begin this Motion, turning off to the right and left, every Rank following them until they have doubled the Front and Reer; then face all to the Front, and cloſe their Diviſions forward to open Order.

Double your Files inward by Diviſion, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader, and his Bringer up.

Half Files of the outmoſt Files face about, and move forward, placing your ſelves before your Leaders, and your Bringers up; face to your Leader.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks to the right and left outward, following your Leaders, and your Bringers up.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, march away to the right and left, and double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks; to your Leader.

Front half Files, double your Reer to the right, following your Leaders.

Double your Files to the left entire, advancing, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader.

Double your Ranks to the right entire, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right hand Man.

Right half Ranks, double your left Flank, every Man placing himſelf on the inſide of his left hand Man.

Double your Ranks to the left entire, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his left hand Man.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank, every Man placing himſelf on the inſide of his right hand Man.

Double your Ranks to the right and left by Diviſion, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right and left hand Man.

Every even Rank from the Front move forth to the right and left outward, and double the odd, placing your ſelves on the outſide of your right and left hand Man.

The outmoſt Files upon each Flank that moved, double the inmoſt Files to the right and left inward, every Man placing himſelf on the inſide of his right and left hand Man.

Right half Ranks, double your left Flank to the right, following your right hand Men.

Right half Ranks face outward, and turn off to the left, and double the left Flank to the right; to your Leader.

Double your Ranks to the right entire, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right hand Man.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank to the left, following your left hand Men.

Double your Ranks to the left entire, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his left hand Man.

Theſe or the like Doublings may be very proper to be uſed in Exerciſe ſometimes to the younger Soldier, which will not only delight him, but cauſe him to underſtand the uſe of them, though perhaps many old Experienced Officers will condemn theſe ſort of Doublings, and ſay, that they are needleſs as to our preſent Mode of Diſcipline: But becauſe that Knowledge is no burden, and that at ſome time or other they may be not only uſeful, but ſerviceable, I have here inſerted them to delight the young Soldier in his private Exerciſes.

Having reduced your Men as at firſt upon theſe Doublings by Countermarches, in the next place it will be requiſite to proceed to Firings, wherein ſhall be ſhewed ſeveral Figures of Battel, and the ſeveral ways of Firing upon each.

CHAP. XXVIII. Several Figures of Battel, with Firings upon the ſame, for this days Exerciſe of 72 Men.

FRont half Files of Muskettiers, and the two firſt Ranks of Pikes, march three Foot.

The four laſt Ranks of Pikes wheel your Flanks into the Front by Diviſion.

Face to the right and left, and march even in the Reer of the Front Diviſion of Muskettiers.

Reer half Files of Muskettiers, face to the right and left, and march clear of the Diviſion of Pikes; face to your Leader, and march up, and even the Flanks of Pikes.

diagram of military formation or battle array

1. For the firſt Firing, let the Front Diviſion fire, and fall off to the Reer of themſelves.

2. Command the Reer Diviſions, both of Muskets and Pikes, to face to the right and left, and march 'till clear of their Front Diviſions; then face to their Leader, and march up, and even the Front; and ſo Fire all four Diviſions, falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

3. Command the three middle Diviſions, both of Muskets and Pikes, to advance forward ſix paces; then fire, and wheel into the Reer of Pikes, the Pikes maintaining the Retreat 'till they fall even a Breaſt with the Reer Diviſions of Pikes; which ſo ſoon as they are fallen into the Body, the Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers are to fire, and fall off as before, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſions, which will produce this following form.

Note: That upon this Firing, the Front Diviſions of Muskettiers are to place themſelves in the Reer of the Reer Diviſion of Pikes.

diagram of military formation or battle array

The middle Diviſion of Pikes advance ſix Foot.

The two Diviſions of Pikes that are upon the Flanks, face in oppoſition, and cloſe your Diviſions; then wheel your Flanks inward into the Reer, and face to your Leader.

Muskettiers, march up, and Flank your Pikes; and they are reduced as at firſt.

Reer half Files of Pikes and Muskettiers, to the right about.

Muskettiers, march all, until your Bringers up be even in Breaſt with the Front and Reer of Pikes; to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For to Fire upon this Figure, 1. Cauſe the two Diviſions, both in Front and Reer, to make ready, and fire, falling off to the fight and left in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

2. Command the Reer Diviſions to face to the Front, and march up even a Breaſt with the Reer of Pikes; then let the Front Diviſions Fire, and wheel off to the right and left, and place themſelves in the Reer of the Reer Diviſions of Shot; the Reer Diviſions of Shot at the ſame time advancing into their Leaders ground, and ſo give Fire, falling off as before, which will reduce them.

Next, if the Enemy appear in the Reer, cauſe the whole ſtand of Pikes to face to the Reer, and likewiſe all the Shot; then command the two Reer Diviſions to fire, falling off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Front of the Front Diviſion of Muskettiers, they at the ſame time marching down even with the Reer, and firing, and falling off as before; which done, reduceth them, being faced to their Leader.

Reer half Files of Muskettiers, to the right about.

The two outmoſt Files of both Front and Reer half Files, march, 'till clear of your own half Files; then ſtand; which produceth this following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, let them Fire to Front and Reer, every Diviſion falling off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

For the ſecond Firing, command the two outmoſt Files of Pikes to face to the right and left, and march 'till they ſtand even a Breaſt with the inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers.

Reer half Files of the two inmoſt Files of Pikes, face about; inmoſt Files of Pikes, wheel your Flanks into the Front and Reer, and march up, and even the four inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers; face all to the right about, and they will ſtand as in the Figure following.

Upon this Figure you may Fire to the Front or Reer alone, or to both, as in the other, or to the right or left Flank, or to both Flanks, or to all four at once, as occaſion offers, every Diviſion falling off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

But if the Enemy give on upon the right Flank, you may face the whole Body to the right, and cauſe the Diviſions upon the right to Fire, falling off to the right and left, falling in the Reer of the left Diviſion, they at the ſame time advancing into the right Flank, who are to fi • e, and ſo to return into their places; you may do the ſame to the left Flank, or to Front and Reer, as occaſion ſhall be given. Obſerve the Figure, which is to both Flanks at once.

Note: The two outmoſt Diviſions are to fire firſt, and to be relieved by the two outmoſt of the left; then the two inmoſt Diviſions are to fire, and to be relieved by the two inmoſt Diviſions of the left, who are to do the like, and ſo to return into their places.

Note alſo, That in this Figure the half Files of the two outmoſt Files were doubled to the right and left inward, before they faced, and begun their Motion.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Pikes, face to the right about; inmoſt Files of Pikes, wheel your Flanks into the midſt, and cloſe forward to order.

The two outmoſt Files of Pikes face to your Leader.

Half Files of the two outmoſt Files of Pikes that doubled face to the Reer, and march forth, and take your places; the two outmoſt Files advance, and even the two inmoſt Files, and cloſe Files into the midſt to order.

The four inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers face to the right and left, and cloſe your Diviſions.

The four outmoſt Diviſions face in oppoſition, and cloſe your Diviſions; then face them to their Leader, and cloſe Files into the midſt to order; and Ranks cloſe forward to order, and they will be reduced as at firſt.

Front half Files, advance forwards three paces.

The middle Rank of each Diviſion face outward, and move clear of the ſtanding part; face to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

The firſt Firing.

Let the four firſt Diviſions in the Front fire, and fall off to the right and left into the Reer; the reſt at the ſame time moving up, firing, and interchanging Ground with them in the Reer, 'till they have all fired over, and are in their places.

The ſecond Firing.

Let them face to both the Flanks.

Diviſions of Pikes in the midſt open outward, until you be clear of the ſtanding part; then Port.

Muskettiers, give fire on the ſame ground you ſtand on; then let the Pikes Charge on until the Muskettiers have made ready again, and then retreat into their places: The Muskettiers may give fire as before is mentioned, the Pikes ſtill in like manner Charging on; then retreating into their places, face all to their Leader.

Reer Diviſions of Pikes, both in Front and Reer Diviſions, face to the right about, and double your Depth to the right and left inward, advancing three paces; to your Leader.

Diviſions of Pikes, both in Front and Reer Diviſions, double your Front to the right and left inward, advancing three paces.

Or thus, as in the third Figure.

Command the inmoſt Diviſions of Pikes to move to the left one pace, and double to the right Fileways, and face to the Front and Reer, and march three paces; middle Files of Front and Reer Diviſions, open from the midſt to double Diſtance; face to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

The firſt Firing.

Face to the Front and Reer, and then give fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves.

The ſecond Firing.

Inmoſt Diviſion move forwards, and rank outwards into Front and Reer, and then give fire all together, and file as you were, the Pikes at the ſame time charging whilſt they ſtill make ready; then whilſt they fire they may fall into their places, and ſo continue as often as the Commander pleaſes.

The third Firing.

Command the Muskettiers, and the two outmoſt Diviſions of Pikes, to face to both Flanks.

The Front and Reer, and two middle Diviſions of the inmoſt Diviſion of Pikes, face to the right; the four other Diviſions face to the left; march and even the two inmoſt Diviſions of Shot to both Flanks; then give fire, falling off in the Reer of their own Diviſions; then let the Pikes face inward, and take their places as they were, and face to their Leader. This is ſo plain it needs no Figure.

The outmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers in the Front Diviſion face about.

The two outmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers, both of Front and Reer Diviſions, move forward, and cloſe to Order; to your Leader, and cloſe inward to open Order.

diagram of military formation or battle array
diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing upon the two foregoing Figures, let the Front Diviſion of Muskettiers advance, and even the Front of Pikes; then give fire, and fall off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer of the Reer Diviſion of Muskettiers; the reſt of the Diviſions at the ſame time moving up into their Leaders ground, and firing, falling off as before, 'till they are all reduced into their places as at firſt.

A ſecond Firing may be to both Flanks, or to Front and Reer at the ſame time.

Front and Reer Diviſions of Pikes, move to the right one pace.

The ſecond Diviſion of Pikes from the Reer, face to the right about.

The ſecond Diviſions of Pikes, both in Front and Reer Diviſions, move forward, and double both Front and Reer to the left; to your Leader.

Middle Diviſions of Muskettiers, open outward to twice double Diſtance; face all to the Center, and march three paces; to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, the four laſt Diviſions face to the Reer.

The two outmoſt Diviſions, both of Muskets and Pikes, face to both Flanks; likewiſe the four Diviſions in the Front face to both Flanks; then give Fire, falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

For the ſecond Firing, command the Front and Reer Diviſions of Pikes to wheel their Flanks into the Front and Reer.

The Reer Diviſions, both of Muskettiers and Pikes, face to the right about; then give fire to both Front and Reer, the Front Diviſion falling off in the Reer of the ſecond Diviſion, the ſecond at the ſame time moving up into their Leaders ground, and ſo firing, falling off as before, the Reer at the ſame time doing the like; after, command the Pikes to wheel their Front and Reer into both Flanks, and face all to their Leader.

For the third Firing, let them give fire by Extraduction, and fall in the Reer of the Pikes.

For the fourth Firing, let the Pikes charge to the Horſe, and the Muskettiers give fire all together over their heads; then move forth into their firſt places, and face to their Leader.

Front and Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers, open outward to double Diſtance.

The outmoſt Diviſions of Pikes cloſe inward to open Order.

The ſecond Diviſion of Pikes from the Front face about.

The third Diviſion of Pikes from the Front, and the ſecond Diviſion of Pikes from the Reer, move forwards to order; face to your Leader.

Front and Reer Diviſions ſtand, the reſt face outward, and move two paces; to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the Firings, let the firſt be to the Front, by commanding the two firſt Diviſions in the Front to fire, falling off to the right and left into the Reer of the Reer Diviſions, they at the ſame time moving up into their File-Leaders ground; after the ſecond Diviſions have fired, the two outmoſt are to fire, and are to be relieved by the two outmoſt in the Reer: This firing is to be continued 'till they have all fired over, and are returned into their places.

For the ſecond Firing, let them fire on the ground they ſtand, both to Front and Reer, every Diviſion falling off in the Reer of themſelves.

For the third Firing, face the Muskettiers and Pikes to both Flanks; then cauſe them to give fire unto both Flanks as they ſtand, falling in the Reer of their own Diviſions, the Pikes at the ſame time charging; which being ended, face them to their Leader, and proceed.

The two Diviſions of Pikes in the Front, wheel your left Flanks into the midſt of the Battel; face to your Leader.

The two Diviſions of Pikes in the Reer wheel your right Flanks into the midſt, and face to your Reer; then let the Front and Reer Diviſion of Pikes move three paces, then face to their Leader.

Middle Diviſions of Pikes face outward, and move three paces; then face to Front and Reer; then move forward, until you range even a Breaſt with the midſt of the Front and Reer Diviſions of Pikes; to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Middle Diviſion of Pikes next the Reer, face to the right about.

Middle Diviſions of Pikes move forward ſix paces; to your Leader.

Diviſions of Muskettiers face to the right and left, and move three paces; to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, command the Muskettiers to face to Front and Reer, and ſo give fire and fall in between the Pikes, the Pikes at the ſame time making room for the Muskettiers to fall in betwixt them, the Pikes all the while charging, 'till the Muskettiers have made ready again.

For the ſecond Firing, let them face to both the Flanks, and give fire, falling into their places in the Reer of their own Diviſions; after, face to their Leader.

By theſe Firings already ſet down, any ingenious Commander may alter and form many others, which may be more pleaſing, and more advantagious, than can be expreſſed in Writing, by reaſon of ſeveral Accidents which may fall out at the time of forming any Figure of Battel; ſo that I ſhall leave every one to his own beſt Experience and Practice, and ſo proceed to reduce the former Figure into its proper Square.

Command the outmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers upon the Flanks to face to Front and Reer, and move forward, and place your ſelves in the midſt of your own Diviſions.

The outmoſt Diviſions of Pikes face to the right and left inward, and cloſe your Diviſions.

Muskettiers and Pikes advance forwards, and even your Front of Pikes, and cloſe Ranks forward to order; and Files into the midſt to order, and they will be reduced as at firſt.

And now it will be high time to lodge our Colours, and repoſe our ſelves, until by the Beat of the Drum we ſhall be commanded into the Field. And ſo much for the fourth days Exerciſe.

CHAP. XXIX. The fifth Days Exerciſe.

HAving the fifth time brought your Soldiers unto the place of Rendezvouz, and all Officers at their reſpective Commands, it will not be amiſs to cauſe the Soldiers to be inſtructed (in the firſt place) in the Poſtures of the Pike and Musket, which will cauſe the Soldiers, by often practice of their Poſtures, to grow ſo perfect, that they will not only manage their Arms with eaſe and ſafety, but with a great deal of celerity; when on the contrary, the unpractiſed Soldier will not only be a trouble to himſelf, but a danger to his Fellows, and an encouragement to his Enemies.

After the Poſtures, the next thing that they are to be inſtructed in, is the ſeveral Diſtances, and theſe are truly the ground of all Motion, for without Diſtance the Motions cannot be executed: So that this, as well as the former, ſhould truly be obſerved in all Exerciſes, therefore we will proceed as followeth.

The Company ſtanding in their Cloſe Order, both in Ranks and Files, then firſt,

Ranks, open backward to Order.

Files, open to the right to your open Order.

Ranks, open backward to open Order.

Files, open to the left to open Order.

Ranks, open backward to double Diſtance.

Files, open outward to double Diſtance.

Ranks, cloſe forward to open Order.

Files, cloſe inward to open Order.

Ranks, cloſe forward to your Order.

Files, cloſe to the left to your Order.

Theſe Commands being ſufficient to declare each ſeveral Diſtance, we will gradually proceed to the reſt of the Command intended for this days Exerciſe.

Note: The ſame Command may be given to the left.

Face to the Right Right Right Right Right about Left about

As you were.

Face to the Front & Reer Face to the Right & left outward Face to the Right & left inward

As you were.

Ranks and Files being at open Order,

Ranks, to the right double.

Files, to the left double.

Ranks, to the left double.

Files, to the right double.

Half Files, double your Front to the right.

Files, double your Depth to the left.

Half Files, double your Front to the left.

Files, double your Depth to the right.

Bringers up, double your Front to the left.

Files, double your Depth to the right, every Man placing himſelf behind his Bringer up.

Bringers up, double your Front to the right.

Files, double your Depth to the left, every Man falling behind his Bringer up.

Double your Ranks to the right or left entire.

Right half Ranks, double your left or right Flank.

Half Files, double your Front to the left entire.

Left half Ranks, double entire the depth of the right half Ranks.

Half Files, double your Front to the right entire.

Right half Ranks, double entire the depth of the left half Ranks.

Files, to the right hand Countermarch, and maintain ground.

Files, to the left hand Countermarch, and maintain ground.

The ſame may be done in Ranks and Files, either maintaining, gaining, or loſing Ground, as hath been ſhewed.

Wheel your Battel to the Right. Left. Right about. Left about.

Files, file to the right.

Files, file ſix to the left.

Files, file to the left.

Files, file ſix to the right.

Ranks, file to the right and left.

Files, rank as you were.

CHAP. XXX. Several Figures of Battel, with Firings upon the ſame: For performance whereof,

FIles, to the right and left double inward.

The three firſt Ranks wheel your Front into the midſt.

The three laſt Ranks wheel your Reer into the midſt.

The reſt of the Body face to the right and left, then march all; face all to the right about, and march, and cloſe your Diviſions.

Note: You may by doubling Files to the right in each Diviſion, make the Croſs Battel.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, let them give fire either to Front or Reer, or to both Flanks, falling in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

For the ſecond Firing, let them fire to all four at once, falling off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſion of Pikes, the Pikes at the ſame time charging to the Horſe.

For the third Firing, they may fire by way of Introduction, thus: Every Rank of Muskettiers is to paſs through their Diviſion of Pikes, placing themſelves before the Pikes; then ſtand, preſent, and give fire, the next moving up as before, which will reduce them.

Note, That this laſt Firing muſt be performed with the laſt Rank firſt, and ſo the next to the laſt, ſo that the firſt Rank muſt be laſt in this Firing.

The firſt Rank of Muskettiers, both in Front, Reer, and both Flanks, face to the right, and move two paces.

The next Rank of Muskettiers of each Diviſion face to the left, and move likewiſe two paces; then wheel to the right and left outwards Oblique before each Diviſion of Pikes, as in the following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For firing upon this Figure, the Muskettiers being faced all outwards, are to ſtand, and preſent, and fire all together in one Volley; or if you would have the Muskettiers give fire one after another, then the Vollies by ſucceſſion (which is commonly called The Peal) will be beſt beginning at the right hand of the Front, and ſo taking it round from one another 'till they have fired over, the reſt in the interim making ready again.

1. Cauſe all the Ranks of Muskettiers to face to the right and left inward, and take their places, the left hand Ranks being the firſt beginners of the Motion.

2. Command the Front and Reer Diviſions to wheel Front and Reer inwards into both Flanks, and face to their Leader.

3. Diviſions on the right and left Flank face inwards, and cloſe your Diviſions; after, cauſe Ranks to double to the right and left outward; Files cloſing inwards to order, and and Ranks cloſing forward to order, and they will be reduced as at firſt.

Half Files of Pikes face to the Reer, and march, until you are clear of the laſt Rank of Muskettiers.

Half Files of Muskettiers face outwards, and wheel your Reer to the right and left by Diviſion, and march between the Diviſion of Pikes.

Left half Ranks of the firſt Diviſion of Muskettiers face to the Reer, and march between the Reer Diviſions of Pikes; then even your Ranks, and ſtreighten your Files, and cloſe your Diviſions to an equal diſtance, and face all to the right about, they will ſtand as in the Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Note: That all the Muskettiers muſt be in the midſt, and the Pikes on the Flanks, when you begin to make this Figure; if your Muskets be on the Flanks when you make it, then the Croſs will be Pikes, and the Angles Muskets, and your Command muſt be contrary; as now you Command Half Files of Pikes, in this you muſt Command Half Files of Muskettiers to face to the Reer, as aforeſaid.

The manner of Firing upon the aforeſaid Figure may eaſily be apprehended; every Diviſion is to fire by Ranks, wheeling all off to the right, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſion.

For the ſecond Firing, if your Reer be ſecure, you may reſerve the Front half Files entire, and ſo fire either to Front alone, or to Front and both Flanks, or to each at pleaſure.

For a third Firing, if your Muskettiers be in the Angles, (which will be very advantagious) you may then give fire which way ſoever the Enemy approaches, each Diviſion being ready to aſſiſt the other.

Reducement of the Plinthium into the Solid Square flanked with Pikes.

Reer Diviſion of Muskettiers face about; march up on the left of your own Diviſion of Muskettiers in Front, the Pikes being firſt opened to give them place.

Diviſions of Muskettiers upon each Flank face inwards, and cloſe your Diviſions by wheeling into the midſt; face to your Leader.

Reer Diviſions of Pikes face about; march up, and place your ſelves right after your Leaders.

Reer Diviſion, or Reer half Files, of Muskettiers, face to the Reer.

Muskettiers, march all, 'till clear of your Pikes; then face to your Leader, and cloſe your Diviſions, which produceth this Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, let them fire to the Front, every Rank of the Front Diviſion after they have fired, to fall off to the right and left into the Reer of the Reer Diviſion of Muskettiers; the reſt advancing into their Leaders ground, and ſo firing and falling off as before, the Reer Diviſion at the ſame time moving up into the Front, and fire, falling off into their places.

For the ſecond Firing, if your Reer be ſecure, Command the Reer Diviſion of Muskettiers to open to the right and left, and ſleeve upon the outſide of the Pikes into the Front; then preſenting and firing at the ſame inſtant with thoſe Muskettiers of the Front Diviſion, each part wheeling off, and placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſions, the reſt moving forwards into their Leaders ground; or the two outmoſt Diviſions may fall off to the right and left into the Reer: You may likewiſe fire to both Front and Reer at diſcretion, or to both Flanks, as the diſcreet Commander ſhall think fit.

But the firing to both Flanks at this preſent time ſhall be a Reducement, by commanding the Muskettiers, both in Front and Reer, to face outwards; Pikes, face inwards; march, and cloſe your Diviſions; which being performed, they will be reduced to their proper Square flanked with Muskettiers, as at firſt.

Half Ranks of the left, double your right Flank.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Front Proper. Front of the Reer. Front of the right Flank. Front of the left Flank.

You may fire upon this Figure to Front and Reer, by commanding the two laſt Ranks of the Diviſion of Muskettiers upon the right Flank, to wheel to the right and left into Front and Reer.

For a ſecond Firing, let them fire as now they ſtand, either to the right or left Flank, or to both at once, as occaſion ſhall ſerve, falling of in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

Command Half Ranks that doubled to face to the left; march, and take your places; to your Leader.

Half Files of Muskettiers, face to the Reer; Muskettiers, march to the Angles of your Pikes.

The two firſt, and two laſt Ranks of Pikes, ſtand, and double Files to the right.

The reſt face to the right and left, and march, 'till clear of the other Pikes.

Note: If you Command the two laſt Ranks of the Front and Reer Diviſion of Pikes to wheel to the right, the other to the left, the Croſs will be equal in Pikes.

diagram of military formation or battle array

After the two laſt Ranks have wheeled into their places, and the Front and Reer Diviſions have doubled to the left, they will ſtand as in the following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Note: Theſe two foregoing Figures are both as one, only the two firſt and two laſt Ranks are not doubled to the right, according to the word of Command.

For Firing upon theſe two foregoing Figures, you may produce ſeveral, with ſome little alteration, either to Front or Reer alone, or to either Flank, or to both Front and Reer at the ſame time, by commanding the one half, both of Muskets and Pikes, to face to the right about, and ſo give fire; theſe of the right Flank to wheel off to the right, the left Flank to the left, in the Reer of their own Diviſions; the reſt moving up into their Leaders ground.

Face them all after their proper File-Leaders; then cauſe the Pikes to face in oppoſition, and cloſe their Diviſions.

Muskettiers of the Front Diviſion, face to the right about.

Muskettiers, both of Front and Reer, cloſe your Diviſions; face all to your Leader.

The two outmoſt Files of Muskettiers march forth, being led by four Officers, two of which are to return into their places; the Serjeants that led forth the outmoſt Files, are to ſtand to ſee them do their Execution; the two inmoſt Files face inwards Oblique, croſs the Front of Pikes; the outmoſt Files face outwards in an Oblique manner; then to your Leader. Obſerve the Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For to fire upon this Figure, let the Muskettiers preſent all together, as now they ſtand, and give fire; and then ſuddenly facing after their Bringers up, march down into their places; then next two Files of each Flank in the interim moving forwards into their Leaders ground, and ſo fire, and fall off as before, which reduceth them.

Muskettiers, march, until your half Files range even with the Front of Pikes; then ſtand.

Half Files (of each Arms) face outward, and march until you are clear of the Angles of your Arms; then ſtand; face all to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

This Figure fit to fire to the Front and both Flanks; if to the Front, and that you would preſerve your Figure, then the Muskettiers muſt move forwards into their Leaders ground.

If you pleaſe, you may move forwards your Reer Diviſion of Muskettiers, and make Wings of them, when having fired once or twice over, may retreat into their places; the Pikes in the mean time are to Advance, Move forwards, Port, Charge, Stand, or Retreat.

If you would give fire to both Flanks, and to the Front, at one and the ſame time, then the Front Diviſions, both Muskettiers and Pikes, are to ſtand, and fire to the Front, falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Diviſions, the reſt moving up into their Leaders ground; the Reer Diviſions, as well Muskets as Pikes, face to the right and left, and fire to both Flanks, falling off as before, the reſt moving up into their Leaders ground.

Command the Reer half Files, both of Muskets and Pikes, to face inwards, and cloſe their Diviſions.

Pikes, march up, and even your Front of Muskettiers; face to your Leader, and they will be reduced.

Files, to the right double; then wheel your Flanks into the Reer; then face the Body to one of the Flanks, and wheel your Battel into a Convex Half Moon.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For to fire upon this Figure as now they ſtand, let the Pikes Charge over-hand, and the Muskettiers give fire as they ſtand, preſenting all to the Front.

For a ſecond Firing, if the Enemy preſs upon either of the Flanks or Reer, you may cauſe the whole Body to face outwards, and then let the Muskettiers give fire, falling off to the right and left through their intervals, placing themſelves in the Reer of their Pikes, the Pikes at the ſame time charging over-hand.

Wheel your Flanks to the right and left into an even Front, then face to your Leader; which being performed, they will ſtand three deep in File; then Command Files to file to the right into a Ring, being led away by ſome Officer, until the File-Leader of the right Flank falling juſt in the Reer of the Bringer up of the left Flank; then face them all to the Center, and let them cloſe forwards to order; then face them to the right about, as in the following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For to fire upon this Figure, command the Pikes to charge round, and the Muskettiers give fire all together; then let the Commander go to the place where the File-Leader of the right Flank filed firſt away, and command them to file as they were; which being performed, they will ſtand three deep, the Pikes being all in Front, and thereupon become the File-Leaders.

Next, command the Reer to wheel into both Flanks, and Ranks to double to the left, and they will be reduced.

Wheel your Front into the midſt: By this Command the Pikes will be all in the Reer, and the Muskettiers in Front, and they will ſtand ſix deep.

Then command Files to file to the right into a Ring, by cauſing the File-Leader of the right Flank to march away, the reſt filing after him 'till they make one entire File, and cloſe in a Ring. Obſerve the Figure following.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Fire upon this Figure, if you pleaſe, as now they ſtand, the Pikes at the ſame time porting: This may be continued ſo long as you think fit, round.

For a ſecond Firing, you may cauſe every Diviſion of Muskettiers to give fire, then fall down even with their Front of Pikes, and ſo fire again, the Pikes at the ſame time charging over-hand to the Horſe; or they may fall behind the Pikes, and then give fire over their ſhoulders.

Command File-Leaders to lead up their Files as they were, and then to wheel their Reer into the midſt, and face to their Leader, and they will be reduced as at firſt.

Muskettiers of the left Flank, and the whole, ſtand off; Pikes, face to the right and left inwards, and interchange ground, which being done, the Muskettiers will be all upon the right Flank; then cauſe each Diviſion, both Pikes and Muskets, to file to the right, the Pikes within the Muskets at the ſame time making two Rings, as in the following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For to fire upon this Figure, command both Muskets and Pikes to face to the right about; then let the Muskettiers all preſent as they ſtand, (the Pikes at the ſame time charging) and give fire; then let them make ready a ſecond time, and give fire, falling off between the intervals of their Pikes, placing themſelves behind their Pikes; the Pikes falling to their cloſe Order, by putting the But end of the Pike at the inſide of the right Foot, the Pike in the left hand, drawing their Swords over their left Arms. Then the Muskettiers (the Pikemen ſtooping) may give fire over their heads as often as the Commander pleaſes; after, they may paſs through again into their places: After which, the Enſign, in ſign of Triumph, may Diſplay his Colours in the midſt of the Circle; which being performed, command the File-Leaders to lead up their Files as they were; then let the Pikes and Muskets interchange ground, and they will be reduced as at firſt.

And herewith we will conclude this days Exerciſe, and leave our Soldiers to their Reſts, until the morrow's Sun, and the thundering Drum ſhall call us into the Field again.

CHAP. XXXI. The ſixth Days Exerciſe.

HAving the ſixth time brought your Soldiers into the Field, according to the accuſtomed manner; and being (doubtleſs) well experienced by their former Exerciſes, in the well managing and handling of their Arms, and likewiſe in all other Commands, as Diſtances, Facings, Doublings, Countermarches, and Wheelings, which will not only encourage the Commander, but much delight him, to ſee that they are not unmindful of his Commands; and likewiſe will cauſe him to ſtudy ſome new Commands farther to delight them with; ſo after he hath ſeen them perform all, or moſt of his former Commands, ſuch as he ſhall think fit, he may proceed to theſe or the like Doublings; as, 1. To make them all File-Leaders by Succeſſion: 2. By Dignity; with ſuch words of Command as they have not yet had in any of their former Exerciſes.

Note: That theſe Commands make every Man File-Leader by Succeſſion.

Ranks, to the left double.

Files, to the left double. 2d Man.

Half Files, double your Front to the right.

Files, to the right double. 3d Man.

File-Leaders, ſtand; the reſt paſs through to the right, and place your ſelves before your Leaders. 4th Man.

Ranks, to the left double. 5th Man.

Files, double your Depth to the left.

Ranks Files to the right double. 6th Man.

File-Leaders, ſtand; the reſt paſs through, and place your ſelves before your Leaders. 1st Man.

Theſe Commands make every Man File-Leader by Dignity.

Bringers up, double your Front to the right.

Files, double your Depth to the right. 2d Man.

File-Leaders, and Half File-Leaders, ſtand; the reſt paſs through to the left, and place your ſelves before your Leaders. 3d Man.

Front and Reer half Files, interchange ground. 4th Man.

Ranks to the right double. 5th Man.

Files to the right double. 5th Man.

File-Leaders, ſtand; the reſt paſs through to the left, and place your ſelves before your Leaders. 6th Man.

Ranks to the left double. 1st Man.

Files to the left double. 1st Man.

Half Files, double your Front to the right.

Bringers up, face about to the right, and march forth into your places.

After you have ended theſe Doublings, you may proceed farther with theſe or the like ſort, for the ingenious Commander may find out variety ſtill to delight the Soldier; but for this days Exerciſe, we will proceed with theſe enſuing Commands.

Reer half Files, double your Front by Diviſion.

The ſix outmoſt Files upon each Flank, double entire, advancing the twelve middle Files.

Front half Files, double your Reer inward entire.

The twelve inmoſt Files double the depth of the ſix outmoſt Files, and after, cloſe.

Front half Files, double your Reer to the right entire.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank entire, advancing.

Half Files, double your Front to the right.

Double your Files to the right entire, advancing.

Half Files, double your Front inward entire.

The ſix outmoſt Files upon each Flank, double entire the depth of the twelve middle Files; to your Leader.

CHAP. XXXII. Entire Doublings to the right Flank.

FIles, to the right double.

Ranks, to the left double.

Files, to the right and left, double outward.

Ranks, to the right and left, double inward.

Double your Files to the right, advancing.

Every even File from the right move forwards, and by three ſteps double the odd.

Ranks, to the right double.

Double your Files outward, advancing.

Even Files from the Flanks move forward, and double the odd.

Ranks, to the right and left, double outward.

Double your Files to the right and left inward, advancing.

Even Files from the midſt move forward, and by three ſteps double the odd.

Ranks, to the right and left, double inward.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank to the right.

Double your Ranks to the left entire.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank to the right and left outward.

Front and Reer half Files, double your Ranks entire to the left Flank.

Even Ranks from the midſt march forth, and double Ranks entire towards the left Flank; to your Leader.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank to the right and left inward.

Front and Reer half Files, double your Ranks entire to the left Flank.

Half Files, face about; even Ranks from the Front and Reer march forth, and double your Ranks entire to the left Flank; face to your Leader.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank to the right by Countermarch.

Right half Ranks, face to the right; Left half Ranks, turn off to the left; march, and double your right Flank; to your Leader.

Double your Ranks to the left entire, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his left hand Man.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank to the right and left outward by Countermarch.

Right half Ranks, face to the right; Left half Ranks, face to the left, and turn off to the right and left outward; march, and double your right Flank; to your Leader.

Front and Reer half Files, double your Ranks entire to the left Flank, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right and left hand Man.

Front half Files, face about; and every even Rank from the midſt march, and double the odd, placing your ſelves according to Command; and every even Rank of the Reer half Files march forth to the left Flank, and double the odd according to Command; to your Leader.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank to the right and left inward by Countermarch.

Face all to the right and left outward; Left half Ranks, turn off to the right and left inwards; march, and double the right Flank; to your Leader.

Front and Reer half Files, double your Ranks entire to the left Flank, every Man placing himſelf on the outſide of his right and left hand Man.

Half Files, face about; then even Ranks, both from the Front and Reer, march forth to the left Flank, and double the odd according to Command; to your Leader.

Double your Files to the right entire, advancing.

Half Files, double your Front to the right.

Files, double your Depth to the right entire.

Half Files, double your Front to the left.

Double your Files inward entire to the right.

Half Files of every even File from the left, face about; even Files from the left, march, until you are clear of the ſtanding part; after, face all to the right, and then even Files from the right march, and double entire the odd; face to your Leader.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks to the right.

The three firſt Ranks face about, and move down to the midſt by their own left hands; and the three laſt Ranks move forward to the midſt, to their own right hands; to your Leader.

Double your Files to the right entire, advancing, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader.

Front half Files by Countermarch, double your Reer to the right; to your Leader.

Files, double your Depth to the right, every Man falling behind his Bringer up.

Bringers up, double your Front to the left.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank entire, advancing.

Front half Files, double your Reer to the right entire; face to your Leader.

Left half Ranks, double entire the depth of the right Flank.

Half Files, double your Front to the left entire; face to your Leader.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank inward entire.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks entire to the right Flank; face to your Leader.

CHAP. XXXIII. Diviſional Doublings to the right Flank.

DOuble your Files to the right by Diviſion.

Half Files of the even Files from the right, face to the Reer; even Files, march clear of the ſtanding part; after, move to the right and left, and double the odd Files; to your Leader.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks to the left.

The three firſt Ranks face about; march down by your own right hands into the midſt of Ranks; the three laſt Ranks move forward to the midſt to your own left hands; to your Leader.

Double your Files to the right by Diviſion, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader, and his Bringer up.

Half Files of the even Files from the right, face to the Reer; the even Files march, and double the odd according to Command; to your Leader.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks to the left, every Man placing himſelf before his Leader, and his Bringer up.

The three firſt Ranks face about to the left; move down to the midſt of Ranks by your own right hands, placing your ſelves before your Bringers up; and the three laſt Ranks march forward into the midſt, placing your ſelves before your Leaders; to your Leader.

Left half Ranks, double your right Flank by Diviſion.

Half Files of the left half Ranks face about to the right; the left half Ranks move clear of the ſtanding part; face all to the right Flank, and march, until they have ranged even a Breaſt with the right Flank; face to your Leader.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks entire to the left Flank.

The three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, face to the left Flank, and move clear of the ſtanding part; after, face inward; march, and cloſe your Diviſions; to your Leader.

CHAP. XXXIV. Entire Doublings to the right Flank by Wheelings.

VVHeel off your left half Ranks, and double your right Flank entire to the right.

Face outward; left half Ranks, wheel about to the left; march, until you have doubled the right Flank entire to the right; face to your Leader.

Wheel off your Reer half Files, and double your Front to the left entire.

Half Files, face to the Reer, and wheel about to the right; march forward, until you range even a Breaſt with the Front.

Wheel off your Left half Ranks, and double your right Flank entire to the left.

Left half Ranks, face outward; wheel about to the right; march, until you have doubled the right Flank entire to the left; face to your Leader.

Wheel off your Front half Files, and double your Reer to the right entire.

Half Files, face about; Front half Files, wheel about to the left; march, and double your Reer to the right; face to your Leader.

Wheel the Left half Ranks inward into the midſt, and double your right Flank inward entire.

Half Files of the right half Ranks, face about; Right half Ranks, march clear of the ſtanding part, then face to the right, and Left half Ranks face to the left, and wheel inward into the midſt; then march, 'till you have doubled the right Flank inward entire; face to your Leader.

Wheel off the ſix middlemoſt Ranks, and double your Front and Reer entire to the left Flank.

The ſix middle Ranks face to the right, and wheel about to the right and left; march, until you are clear of the ſtanding part; then face to the Front and Reer, and march, doubling the Front and Reer towards the left Flank; face to your Leader, and cloſe your Diviſions.

CHAP. XXXV. Diviſional Doublings to the right Flank by Wheelings.

VVHeel off your Left half Ranks, and double your right Flank by Diviſion.

Face outward; and Left half Ranks wheel off to the right and left about, and march, until you have doubled the right Flank; to your Leader.

Wheel off the three firſt, and the three laſt Ranks, and double the ſix middlemoſt Ranks entire to the left Flank.

The three laſt Ranks face about, and wheel to the right about; march up towards the midſt of the left Flank, the three firſt Ranks at the ſame time wheeling about to the left, moving down to the midſt of the left Flank; to your Leader.

Wheel off your Front and Reer half Files into the right Flank by Diviſion.

Face all to the right, and wheel off to the right and left, until the Bringer up of the right hand File meet with the right hand File-Leader.

Wheel Front and Reer into the left Flank; face to your Leader. Note: Ʋpon this Command they muſt be all faced to their proper Front before the Motion.

Thus I take leave of all Doublings, leaving the ingenious to make uſe of ſo many as may fit the opportunity, both of Time and Seaſon, and ſo proceed to Firings and Figures of Battel: The Ranks being even'd, and the Files ſtreighten'd, the Captain commands, the Drum beats, and the Muskettiers make ready for Skirmiſh, upon theſe Figures following.

CHAP. XXXVI. Figures of Battel, with Firings upon the ſame, for this ſixth days Exerciſe.

FIles, to the right and left, double inward.

The three firſt Ranks wheel your Front into the midſt.

The three laſt Ranks wheel your Reer into the midſt.

The reſt of the Body face to the right and left, and march all three paces; and after, double Files to the right in each Diviſion, and they will ſtand as in this following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array The Croſs Battel.

For the firſt Firing, let them give fire as now they ſtand, falling in the Reer of their own Diviſions all to the right: Thus they may fire twice.

For a ſecond Firing, command the firſt Rank of each Diviſion to fire, and fall off to the right Fileways, and Flank their own Diviſion of Pikes to the right; the next Rank of each Diviſion preſent, and give fire, falling off to the left File ways, being led off by their left hand Man, and ſo flank their own Diviſion of Pikes to the left; and as the firſt falls off to the right, and the ſecond to the left; ſo the third falls off to the right, and the fourth to the left, until they have flanked each their own Diviſion of Pikes to the right and left, which will produce this following Figure.

You muſt note, That after the two firſt Ranks have fired, and flanked their own Diviſion of Pikes to the right and left, they muſt open to the right and left outwards, to give room for the next two Ranks to ſleeve down betwixt them and their own Diviſion of Pikes.

diagram of military formation or battle array

You may fire upon this Figure ſeveral ways; as, 1. To Front and Reer, falling in the Reer of their own Diviſions. 2. To both Flanks, ſtill falling off as before, in the Reer of their own Diviſions. 3. You may cauſe them to fire to both Front and Reer, and both Flanks, falling off to the right and left by Diviſion, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſion, ſtill moving forwards into their Leaders ground, ſtill preſerving the Figure in the ſame order.

Muskettiers of each Diviſion face inwards; and Files rank to the right and left into the Front of each Diviſion, and take your places as you were; the inmoſt File of the left hand of each Diviſion is to begin the Motion; then the inmoſt right hand File is to follow, and to rank as before; then the left hand File of each Diviſion; and laſtly, the right hand File, until they have all ranked as they were.

2. Command Ranks to the left double in each Diviſion.

3. Command the Front and Reer Diviſions to wheel their Front and Reer inwards into both Flanks, and face to their Leader; after, cauſe the right and left Flank to face in oppoſition, and march, and cloſe all their Diviſions; then cauſe Ranks to double to the right and left outward, Files cloſing inward to order, and Ranks cloſing forward to order, and they are reduced as at firſt.

Files, to the right double; Pikes, to the right and left outward; Muskettiers, to the right and left inward; march, and interchange ground; to your Leader.

The three firſt Ranks wheel your Front into the midſt.

The three laſt Ranks wheel your Reer into the midſt.

The reſt of the Body face to the right and left; then march all three paces; and after, double Files to the right in each Diviſion, and they will ſtand as in the Croſs Battel, the Pikes being in the head of each Diviſion of Muskettiers.

Next, command the Pikes of each Diviſion to wheel to the right, and move into the ſpace between the Angles of the Muskettiers, which produceth this following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, cauſe the firſt Rank in each Diviſion to give fire, falling off all to the right, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſion, the reſt at the ſame time moving up to their Leaders ground, ſtill preſerving the Figure.

For a ſecond Firing, command the two firſt Ranks of each Diviſion of Muskettiers to march forwards ſix paces; then ſtand.

Pikes, face to the right and left outward, and wheel inwards, and flank your Muskettiers, which will produce this following Figure. Note: Ʋpon this Firing, you muſt cauſe the Muskettiers in the midſt to cloſe to the Front, Reer, and Flanks.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For this Firing, let them fire as now they ſtand, by Ranks falling off to the right, placing themſelves in the Reer of the Reer Diviſions, they at the ſame time moving up into their Leaders ground, and ſo preſerve the Figure: This may be done twice or thrice at the diſcretion of the Commander.

You may face them to the Front, and only fire them to that part by Diviſions, every Diviſion relieving each other, 'till they have fired all over; then let them return into their places.

For a third Firing, they are to rank even with the Pikes.

For a fourth Firing, cauſe the Pikes to move a little forward, and the Muskettiers to loſe ground; after, let the Pikes face inward, and cloſe Files to order, and wheel to the left into the Front of each Diviſion; which being performed, they will ſtand as before in the Croſs Battel. If you will proceed to reduce them into the firſt form,

Reducement to the laſt Figure.

Ranks, to the left double in each Diviſion.

Front and Reer Diviſions, wheel your Front and Reer inwards into both Flanks, and face to your Leader.

The right and left Flank face in oppoſition; march, and cloſe your Diviſions; then cauſe Ranks to double to the left; after, command Muskettiers to face to the right and left outward; Pikes, to the right and left inward; march, and interchange ground; then face all to your Leader, and cloſe Files into the midſt to order, and Ranks cloſe forward to order, and they will be reduced as at firſt.

Reer Diviſion of Muskettiers, (or Reer half Files) face to the right about.

Front and Reer half Files of Muskettiers, wheel off by Diviſion your Front and Reer into both Flanks, and march 'till you are clear of your ſtand of Pikes; then ſtand.

The two firſt Ranks of Muskettiers, both of Front and Reer Diviſion, face outwards, and march until your are clear of the other Muskettiers; then ſtand.

The two firſt, and the two laſt Ranks of Pikes, face to the right and left outwards, and march 'till clear of the Muskettiers; then face to Front and Reer, and move 'till you range even a Breaſt with the inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers; then face all to their Leader, and they will ſtand as in the following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Upon this Figure, let the firſt Diviſions of Muskettiers give fire, and fall off to the right and left in the Reer of themſelves; then face to the right about, and move down, and interchange ground with them in the Reer, they at the ſame time moving up into the Front, and ſo fire, falling off as before in their places, the inmoſt Diviſions performing the like Motion.

You may fire to the Reer after the ſame way, or to Front and Reer, falling in the Reer of their own Diviſions; the Pikes may Charge on, and after, retreating back again into their places.

The middle Diviſion of Pikes face to the right and left, and march three paces.

The two outmoſt Files of the middle Diviſion of Pikes (or the two outmoſt Men) move clear of the ſtanding part; then let the two firſt Ranks face about, the two firſt, and two laſt Ranks, move forward to order; face all to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, let the Front Diviſions fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; then wheel off to the right and left in the room of them in the Reer, they at the ſame time moving forward into their places, firing, and falling off in like manner; next, let the inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers do the ſame, who may be relieved by the inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers in the Reer.

For the ſecond Firing, let them all face to the Reer, and give fire, as they did to the Front.

For the third Firing, let them face to Front and Reer, and give fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; then let the Pikes charge on to Front and Reer, and after, retreat back into their places.

For the fourth Firing, let the four inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers face to the right and left outwards; the two inmoſt Diviſions of Pikes upon both Flanks face inwards, march, and interchange ground, and ſo give fire to both Flanks, falling off to the right and left in the Reer of their own Diviſions; after, they that were the inmoſt Diviſions may fire, and fall off into their places, the Pikes at the ſame time moving up into their places, ſtill preſerving the Figure.

Inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers, move forward, until you be two Foot clear of the ſtanding part; then let them face all inward, and move three paces; after, face them to their Leader, which will produce this following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, let them fire to the Front, by Ranks falling off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer of their own Diviſions.

For the ſecond Firing, let them give fire, falling off to the right and left, and march, and interchange ground with them in the Reer, they at the ſame time moving up into their Leaders ground, and ſo firing, falling off as before into their places. The ſame may be done to the Reer, or to both Front and Reer, ſtill preſerving the Figure, and falling into the Reer of themſelves.

For the third Firing, let it be to both Flanks, by facing the whole Body to the right and left outward; then let every Diviſion give fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; after, face all to your Leader.

Front and Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers, face to the left, and move two paces, and double to the right Fileways.

The two middle Diviſions of Pikes face outward, and move two paces; to your Leader.

The Reer Diviſion of the Front Diviſions of Muskettiers, face to the right about.

Front and Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers, move ſtreight forwards, until you range even a Breaſt with the Front and Reer Diviſion of Pikes; face to your Leader, and they will ſtand as in the following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Upon this Figure, having faced both Pikes and Muskets to Front and Reer, let the firſt Diviſions give fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves, and ſtand; let the reſt move forward, until they be clear of the Front Diviſions of Muskettiers; then let them fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; and after, face about, and move down into their places again: Then let the Pikes open outward, and Charge all to Front and Reer; after, retreat back again into their places.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Note: Ʋpon this Command, the Body muſt be faced to Front and Reer, before you give the word of Command.

Front and Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers, face to the right, and move three paces.

Middle Diviſions of Muskettiers, advance right forwards, and double your Front and Reer to the left Rankways; after, face all to the right and left, and march three paces; or to ſuch convenient diſtance, that if the Commander pleaſes, he may cauſe his Colours to be diſplayed. Obſerve the foregoing Figure.

As for firing upon the aforeſaid Figure, it will be the ſame as in pag. 223. ſo that if you look back to that Figure, there you will be inſtructed in the ſeveral ways of Firing, which to repeat again here were needleſs; therefore we will proceed to reduce them into their proper Square as at firſt.

Pikes, to the right and left inward; march, and cloſe your Diviſions; to your Leader.

Front Diviſions of Muskettiers, face to the right about; Front and Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers, march to the Angles of your Pikes; after, face in oppoſition, and cloſe your Diviſions; to your Leader. Note: That if you wheel them before they cloſe, it will be the better; then let them march, and even their Pikes.

Outmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers, face to the right and left inwards, and cloſe your Diviſions; after, let your Muskettiers wheel their Front and Reer (by Diviſion) into the midſt, and march, and even their Front of Pikes; then let them cloſe Files inward to order, and Ranks cloſe forward to order, and they will be reduced as at firſt.

Files, open outward to open Order.

Ranks, open backward to your open Order.

Then let every two Files cloſe outward to order; and Ranks cloſe to Front and Reer to order; after, let every Diviſion wheel to the right, and they will ſtand in twelve Diviſions.

diagram of military formation or battle array

The two inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers in the Reer, face to the right about.

Inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers in Front and Reer, move forward clear of the ſtanding part; then ſtand.

Pikes, face to the right and left outward.

Muskettiers upon the Flanks, face to the right and left inward; the reſt face about to the right; march all two peaces; to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, command Front Diviſions of Muskettiers to give fire, and fall in the Reer of your ſelves; after, fall off to the right and left, and march down into the Reer, they at the ſame time moving up into their ground, firing, and falling off in like manner as before; then let the Flank Diviſions of Muskettiers obſerve the ſame order in relieving each other; after, let the Pikes charge on, and retreat again into their places.

Note: The Pikes are to Charge to Front and Reer, and after, to Retreat into their places.For the ſecond Firing, let them face to Front and Reer; when faced, let the firſt Diviſions give fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; then immediately let the outmoſt Diviſions move up even a Breaſt with the Front and Reer Diviſions; then let them give Fire, and fall off in the Reer of themſelves into their places.

A Firing to both Flanks at one and the ſame time.For the third Firing, let them face to both Flanks; then let the outmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers give fire, and fall off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer of the Pikes, the Pikes at the ſame time moving outwards, maintaining the ground the Muskettiers firſt fired on, by charging with their Pikes over hand; then let the Front and Reer Diviſions that ſtand faced to the Flanks give fire, and fall off in the Reer of their own Diviſions, ſtill preſerving their ground; having fired all over, command the Pikes and Muskettiers to interchange ground, and face all to their Leader.

The four laſt Diviſions next to the Reer, both of Pikes and Muskettiers, face about; move down, and range even a Breaſt with the Reer; Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers that are faced to the Front, move forward, and place your ſelves three Foot ſhort of the next Diviſions that ſtand before you; to your Leader. Note: The Pikes ſhould be cloſed more to the right and left inward, and not ſo great an interval as is in the Figure

diagram of military formation or battle array

For to fire upon this Figure, let the Front Diviſions give fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; then let them fall off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer, the middle Diviſions at the ſame time moving up, poſſeſſing themſelves of the ground the Diviſions laſt fired on, and then let them give fire, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; after, let the outmoſt Diviſions in the Front move up, give fire, and fall off to the right and left, placing themſelves in the Reer of the Reer Diviſions, they at the ſame time moving up into their ground, and ſo firing, and falling into the Reer of themſelves, and ſo ſtand.

For the ſecond Firing, let them face all to the right about, and perform the ſame to the Reer as they did to the Front, and it will reduce them, both to their firſt Aſpect and Place; you may fire them to either Flank, or to both, as you pleaſe; but being all faced to their proper Front, as in the laſt Figure,

Diviſions of Pikes move forward, until your Reer Diviſions range even a Breaſt with the outmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers; Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers face inward, and move ſtreight in the Reer of the Reer Diviſions of Pikes; face all to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

For the firſt Firing, let it be to the Reer and both Flanks, by commanding the two laſt Diviſions of Muskettiers to face to the right about, the reſt to face to the right and left outward; then let them give fire on the ground they ſtand, and fall in the Reer of themſelves, until they have all fired over, and taken their places as at firſt.

For the ſecond Firing, let the four firſt Diviſions of Muskettiers, and the two firſt Diviſions of Pikes, face to the Front; then let them give fire to Front and Reer, and fall in the Reer of themſelves; then face all to the Front, and ſo proceed to farther Command.

The Front and Reer Diviſions move outward two paces; Reer Diviſion of Pikes upon the left, face about; Reer Diviſion of Pikes, move three Foot before the Front and Reer Diviſions that moved outward; cloſe inward to your firſt ground; then face all to your Leader.

diagram of military formation or battle array

The two inmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers in the Reer move forward, until they range even a Breaſt with the outmoſt Diviſions of Muskettiers, then ſtand.

Reer Diviſion of Pikes, march forward three Foot ſhort of your own Diviſions which ſtand before you, and they will ſtand as in this following Figure.

diagram of military formation or battle array

Then let the four Diviſions of Muskettiers upon the right move away, and let the Diviſions of Pikes fall in the Reer of them, and the four Diviſions of Muskettiers on the left to fall in the Reer of the Pikes; then ſtanding ſtreight in their Diviſions, both Rankways and Fileways, and they will ſtand as followeth.

diagram of military formation or battle array

As for firing upon the foregoing Figures, it may be according to the Officers diſcretion in point of advantage, either in Ground, Wind, or what other advantage may be then found neceſſary; but in plain Exerciſe, the Figures themſelves do ſufficiently demonſtrate.

Command every Diviſion to wheel to the right, and ſtand.

Reer Diviſions of Pikes, face to the left, and move, until you file ſtreight with your own Files of Pikes; then ſtand.

Front Diviſions of Pikes, face to the right about; march down, and take your places; to your Leader.

Right and Left Diviſion of Pikes, face in oppoſition, and cloſe your Diviſions; face all to your Leader.

2. Command the right hand Diviſion of Muskettiers in the Front, and the left hand Diviſion of Muskettiers in the Reer, to march up, and even their Front of Muskettiers.

3. Command the left hand Diviſion of Muskettiers in the Front to face to the right, and the right hand Diviſion of Muskettiers in the Reer to face to the left, then march, and take their places; to your Leader.

Laſtly, Command Reer Diviſions of Muskettiers to march, and take their places; then left them even their Ranks, and ſtreighten their Files, and they will ſtand in three Grand Diviſions, ready to march; or if you pleaſe, to draw them up into a Square as at firſt.

Command the Pikes, and the Reer Diviſion of Muskettiers, to face to the left, and march 'till they be clear of the firſt Diviſion of Shot, then face to your Leader; march up, and even your Front to the left; which being performed, they will ſtand as at firſt: So that upon the Reduction of the laſt Figure, you may either march them away as they ſtand, in three Grand Diviſions; or draw them up into the Square as at firſt, and march them after.

FINIS.
ERRATA.

PAge 26. Line 22. read and priming. l. 23. for and the Pike, read and the like. p. 32. l. 10. for Commands, read Commanders.