A Physical Dictionary; In which, all the TERMS Relating either to ANATOMY, CHIRURGERY, PHARMACY, or CHYMISTRY, are very accurately explain'd.

By STEPHEN BLANCARD, M. D. and Physick-Professor at Middleburgh in Zeeland.

LONDON; Printed by J. D. and are to be sold by Samuel Crouch in Popes-head-Alley, and John Gellibrand at the Golden-Ball in St. Paul's Church-yard, M.DC.LXXXIV.

[...]

TO My Honoured Friend, Mr. William Molins.

SIR,

BEing very unwil­ling to be singu­lar, as to send this Book into the World without either Epi­stle or Preface, would certainly be, I resol­ved from the time of my setting it to Press, [Page]to send it out with both; and had no sooner made that Re­solution, but present­ly pitcht on a Patron under whom to shelter it. I now humbly de­dicate it to your self; and beg of you to be­live that I am in all sincerity,

Sir,
Your very humble Servant, J. G.
Courteous Reader;

THe ensuing Dictiona­ry was compil'd in La­tin, by the eminently Learned and Famous Phy­sician, Dr. Stephen Blan­card, now Physick-Professor at Middleburgh in Zee­land; in which he hath taken that pains, and done it with such Accurateness, that the like has never yet been ex­tant. The Authors he has consulted (and out of which he has made the following Dictionary) you have a Ca­talogue [Page]of, ensuing this Pre­face. But chiefly, and most of all, he has extracted the most useful of all the Terms in Anatomy, Pharmacy, Chi­rurgery, and Chymistry, out of ancient Authors, as Eroti­an, Galen, and others; and from the more modern, as Gorraeus, Foesius, Castellus, and others; out of whose Wri­tings he has not omitted any one useful term in the whole art of Physick. I am certain, that things of this nature are extremely wanting, that so the terms (in which all, or the most part of Mankind has daily occasion to use) may not [Page]be talkt by rote; but may give a rational account of their discourse, than which, no­thing is more rational or de­monstrative than this of Phy­sick.

That the Publick-Good has all along been drove at in this Affair, both by the Au­thor and Bookseller, is very apparent, in that it might have made a Book of three times the price, and the mat­ter spun out to a far great­er bulk; but in things of this nature, the Buyer's Interest ought to be, and has been consulted.

Vale.

Two Books printed for Samuel Crouch.

BRitannia Languens, or a Discourse of Trade: shewing the Grounds and Reasons of the Increase and Decay of Land-Rents, National-Wealth and Strength, with Application to the late and present State and Condition of England, France, and the Ʋnited Provinces.

The Purchaser's Patern, much enlarged. The First Part, shews the true Value of Lands or Houses, by Lease, or otherwise. VVhereunto are added many Rules for the valuing of the ruined Foundations in the City of London, and for the composing of Differences between Landlord and Tenant about re-building them. Also Rules and Tables for the valuing of all Party-VValls; also Tables of Interest and Rebate, at 6 per Cent. The Second Part, shews the measuring of Land, Board, Timber, &c. correcting the false ways used by many therein. Also the Art of Gauging, much enlarged; shewing not only the measuring of VVine, Beer and Ale Vessels, but also the gau­ging of all manner of Brewers Tuns; with Ta­bles of the Excise of Beer and Ale. Also many other Rules and Tables of VVeights and Mea­sures, Foreign and Domestick; Tables of Ac­counts, Expences, &c. By John Phillips.

There is now lately reprinted, these two Treatises of Dr. Wilkins, late Lord Bishop of Chester. The World in the Moon, and the Earth a Planet, with all the Schemes and Plates, new cut, and engraven. To be sold by John Gellibrand, at the Golden Ball in St. Paul's Church-Yard,

THE Physical Dictionary OF STEPHEN BLANCARD.

A Baptista,
see Modiolus.
Abdomen,
which Juvenal calls sumen & equaliculus, is the lowermost Belly, con­taining the Liver, Spleen, Reins, Stomach, Intestines, Bladder, &c. The innermost part of it is begirt with a Membrane called the Perito­naeum, the foremost part is divided into the Epi­gastrum, the right and left Hypochondres and the Navel, and the lowermost Region or part is cal­led Hypogastrium.
Ablactatio
is when a Child of one or two years of Age is weaned.
Abortus
is the bearing of a Faetus before the Female have gone out its full time, which hap­pens either through the abundance of nutritious juice, or defect or depravation of it; as likewise [Page 2]it may come by a fall, a blow, a sudden fright, diuritics, &c.
Abscessus,
see Apostema.
Abstemius
is he who abstains from whatsoever meats and drinks his Physician has forbid him the use of.
Abstergentia
are those things which consisting of rugged, hard, and sharp particles, do as it were shave and scour off all filth from the superficies, and the pores and passages of bodies, where they are frequently put into various fermentati­ons from the spirits, and other elements Iodged in those parts.
Acamatos
signifies the best constitution and fi­guration of humane body, as also one that takes no pains, and a person that is not tired with it.
Acantabolus
is a Chyrurgeons Tool called Volsel­la, which is to take out Thorns, or any such prickly substance that shall chance to stick in the oesophagu; or Gullet.
Acautha
is the most backward protuberance of the Vertebres, called spina dorsi, as also the Thorn of Trees or Plants.
Accessio,
see Paroxismus.
Accidens,
see Symptoma.
Acetabulum
is that cavity in the Huckle-bone which is appointed to receive the head of the thigh-bone within it: Also certain glandules in the Chorion are called Acetabula, concerning which see Cotyledones.
Achlys
is a certain dark distemper of the eye; it is reckoned amongst the species of Amblyopia, or dimness of sight.
Achor
is a sort of a crusted Scab which makes an itching and stink on the surface of the head, and is occasioned by a serous, salt and sharp mat­ter; the difference betwixt an Achor and Favus consists in this, that in Achors the holes or Cavi­ties are small, and sometimes not visible; but in a Favus they are more large and conspicuous.
Achroi
are men that have lost their colour, such as are melancholly persons, men of an ill habit of body, and they who are troubled with the Jaun: dies.
Acia Celsi,
the same that Fibula Chyrurgorum.
Acida dyspepsia,
see dyspepsia.
Acidulae,
see Balanaeum.
Acinesia
is the immobility of the body, or of a­ny part thereof, as in a Palsie, Apoplexy, swound­ing, &c.
Acini,
are small grains; whether they grow by themselves, as Elder-Berries; or shut up in a husk, as Grape-stones; nay, sometimes they are taken for the Grapes themselves.
Acmastica
the same with Synochus.
Acme
is the height of a disease: Many distem­pers have four Periods, the first is called [...] or the beginning, when the matter is but yet raw, as it were, and unripe; the second is [...] the growth or increase, when the morbifick matter becomes a little digested and ripened; the third is [...], when 'tis fully and compleatly so; the fourth is [...], or the declension of a distemper when its rage is abated, and the Patient is judged beyond danger, for none die in the declension of a disease: This diversity of periods arises from the bloods imbibing of crude juices, which have their [Page 4]times of crudity, maturation, or ripening, de­fection, and volatility; and thus the case may be said to stand in Fevers and other distempers.
Acopum
is a medicine which applied by fomen­tation, allays the sence of weariness, contracted by a too violent motion of the body, compounded of warming and mollifying ingredients.
Acosmia
is an ill state of health, joined with the loss of colour in the face.
Acoustica
are medicines which help the hearing.
Acrasia
is the excess or predominancy of one quality above another in mixture.
Acrisia
is when a distemper is in so uncertain and fluctuating a condition, that the Physitian can hardly pass a right Judgment upon it.
Acr [...]olum
is a species of warts.
Acromium
is the upper process, or increase of the shoulder-blade, or the top of the shoulder where the neck-bones are joined with the shoul­der-blades.
Acromphalum
is the middle of the Navel.
Acros
is the height and vigor of diseases, as also it signifies the prominency of bones, the tops of fingers, and of plants.
Acrotes
is the vigor, top, and extremity of any thing, as sulphureous and saline particles exalted ad [...] that is, brought to the most exalted vigour their nature is capable of.
Actio
is an Operation or Function, which men perform either by the body alone, or by both body and mind; and it is either animal, which de­pends upon the brain; or natural, which is owing to the Cerebellum.
Acutus morbus,
an acute disease, is that which is over in a little time, but not without imminent danger; and it is either very acute, or most acute; the later is meant when the distemper is over in three or four days; but the former is that which continues till the seventh day; or else a disease is called simply acute, when it lasts fourteen, or it may be twenty days; or lastly acute ex decidentia, which lasts forty days at most.
Aden
is a glandule, which is either conglobated as the glandules of the Mesentery of the Groin, and the Pinealis, whose office is to dispense the separated humor to the veins, or conglomerated, like a Cluster, as the salival glandules, the Pan­creas, or Sweet-bread, &c. which convey their juice by their own proper channels into some no­table cavities of the body; they are made up seve­ral little bladders, and fibres, or little hollow con­duits disposed in a confused manner: Aden some­times also signifies the same with bubo.
Adephagia
is the greediness of children, who e­ver now and then fall to fresh feeding before their former victuals are digested.
Adeps, or Pinguedo,
fat is a similar part, made of earthy and sulphereous blood, white, soft, insensible, apt to preserve natural heat, and nourish the bo­dy in time of need: The eye-lids, the lips, the yard, the Scrotum, or outward skin of the cods, the membranes of the testicles, the brain, the tendons, the nerves, the bones, &c. are destitute of fat by nature. Adeps and Pinguedo differ in this, that Adeps is a thicker, harder, and more earthly substance than Pinguedo, the fat which is particu­larly meant by Adeps, flows from the blood through [Page 6]vessels into little bags or bladders appro­priate thereunto, as is plain from the observation of Malphighius.
Adiapneustia
is a different perspiration through the insensible pores of the body.
Adnata tunica
is the common membrane of the eye, called Conjunctive; it springs from the skull, grows to the exterior part of the tunica cor­nea; and that the visible species may pass there, leaves a round cavitie forward, to which is annex­ed another tunic, without any particular name made up of the tendons of those muscles which move the eye; by reason of its whiteness 'tis cal­led Albuginia.
Aegilops, Angilops, and Anchylops,
is a little swel­ling about the glandule of the eye called Carancu­la major, for the most part accompanied with an inflamation; Anchylops, and Aegilops are often used indifferently; yet some for distinction's sake say, that Anchylops is a swelling betwixt the greater cor­ner of the eye, and the nose, not yet open; but that aegylops is a swelling betwixt the nose and an­gle of the eye, which if it be not seasonably o­pened, the bone underneath grows putrified; Ae­gilops is often taken for the Fistula lachrymalis; it signifies likewise a sort of grass that is destructive of Barley.
Aeipathia
is a passion of long continuance.
Aeromeli
is Manna, or aerial honey; for in Cala­bria and other places the air is impregnated with several delicious particles which in the night time cleave to trees, leaves, or any other thing they meet with; and in the day time, are farther concocted and condensated by the heat of the Sun.
Aetas
is part of the duration of life, wherein from the continual action and fermentation of the blood and spirits, the temperature of humane bo­dies undergo a considerable and sensible change; and it is sixfold,
  • Pueritia, childhood, which is reckoned to the fifth year of our age, is distin­guished into the time before, at, and after breed­ing of teeth.
  • 2. Adolescentia, Youth, reckoned to the eighteenth, and youth properly so called to the twenty fifth year.
  • 3. Juventus, reckoned from the twenty fifth to the thirty fifth.
  • 4. Virilis Aetas, manhood, from the thirty fifth to the fiftieth.
  • 5. Senectus, old age, from fifty to sixty.
  • 6. De­crepita Aetas, decrepit age follows, which at last is all swallowed up in death.
Aetiologia
is the cause or reason which is given of natural and preternatural contingencies in hu­mane bodies; whence Aetilogica is part of Physick, which explains the causes of diseases and health.
Aetiologica,
see Aetiologia.
Affectio Hypochondriaca;
see Hypochondriacus af­fectus.
Affectus,
the same with Pathema.
Agerazia
is a growing old.
Agonia
is fear and sadness of mind.
Agonia
is barrenness, or impotence of the Womb, whereby the mans seed corrupts.
Agrippa
is one who is born with his feet fore­most.
Agrypnia
signifies watching, or a dreaming slumber which proceeds from a too great agitati­on, or attension of the animal spirits in the pores of the brain, whence it happens that the pores are not permitted to close and wet.
Agripnocoma,
the same that Coma Vigil.
Agyrta
is a Mountebank, one who vends his Empyrical Receits to the Rabble that surrounds him.
Aisthesis,
or Sence, is either external, as seeing, hearing, smelling, tast, and touch; or internal, as the common sensory, (as 'tis usually called) the Fancy, the estimative faculty, and the memory; but two of them will serve the turn, the fancy and the memory; Aisthesis or sence, is a reception whereby motion from external objects being im­pressed upon the slender strings or fibres of the nerves, is communicated to the common sensory, or to the beginning of the medulla oblongata in the brain, by the mediation or continued motion of the animal spirits in the same nerves.
Aisteterium
is the common sensory: which Car­tesius and others his Abettors make the glandula pinealis; but the common sensory ought rather to be placed where the Nerves of the external senses are terminated, which is not in the glandula pine­alis, but (as the most ingenious Willis has demon­strated) about the beginning of the medulla ob­longata (or top of the spinal marrow) in the Corpus striatum.
Alae,
signifie the sides of the Nose; the little sins, as it were, of the nymphae, or the lips of a Womans private parts; the upper part of the ear, the Arm-pits, and the process of the bone, Sphenoides.
Alantoides,
see Allantoides.
Albara [...]nigra,
see lepra Graecorum. Albaras al­ba, see Leuce.
Albuginea oculi,
is a white tunic of the Eye, which proceeds from the pericranium, grows to the tunica cornea, and leaves a hole forward for the opening of the Apple of the Eye: see tu­nica adnata.
Albuginea testis,
is the membrane which im­mediately involves the testicles.
Albugo oculi,
is the same with album oculi, the white of the Eye; it signifies also a white speck in the tunica cornea, which proceeds either from hu­mours, or a scar, or ulceration.
Album oculi,
is that part of the Eye, where the tunica adnata, and the albuginea grows to the tunica sclerotes.
Albumen oculi, or albugo,
the same with album oculi.
Alcali,
is all such Salt as is extracted from the ashes of any substance by a boiled lixivium, or Lie, proper for any thing liquid as well as solid. 'Tis said to borrow its name from the herb Kali, with whose Salt the Egyptians, as well as we, make glass.
Alchymia,
is the same with Chymia.
Alcohol,
is the purer substance of any thing sepa­rated from the impurer; it signifies also most sub­til and refined dust; and sometimes a most high­ly rectified Spirit, in so much that if it be set on fire, it shall burn all away without any dregs or phlegm at the bottom.
Alcol,
the same with Alcohol.
Alcool,
the same that Alcohol.
Alembicus,
or Alembicum, is a Chymical In­strument used in Stilling. It has the shape of an helmet, concave within, and convex without; and towards the bottom is placed a beek or nose, [Page 10]about a cubit long, by which the vapours de­scend; if they be made without a nose, they are rather used in circulatory vessels; they are made of Brass, Pewter, or Glass.
Alexipharmacum,
is a medicine which expels poy­son, so that it shall not be hurtful to the Body; they are most commonly such things as attenuate the Blood, that it cannot be coagulated with Poyson in the Air, as Acids.
Alexiterium,
is a remedy which preserves the Body, that it take not Poyson.
Algema,
Pain, is a sad troublesome Sensation, impress'd upon the Brain from a smart Vexatious irritation of the Nerves; it arises from either a sensible or insensible solution of the Continuum.
Algematodes,
the same with Algema.
Alhasef,
the same with Hydroa.
Alkahest,
signifies an universal Menstruum or liquor, which resolves Bodies into their first matter, still preserving the virtues of their seeds and es­sential form: a thing of great fame, if of equal virtue, which every one estimates according to his success in the Operation. Some take it for prepared Mercury, others for Tartar.
Aliformes processus,
are the prominencies of the Os Cuneiforme, from the fore part.
Alimentum,
is a Body so convenient for, and adapt to the nature of an animal, that it may be digested by its heat and fermentation, and assimi­lated into its own nature; and it is either Meat or Drink. Upon the account of its different degrees, it is taken three ways by Hippocrates; one is for future nourishment, which passes from the Mouth into the Ventricle or stomach: another [Page 11]is for that which is as it were nourishment, and that is the arterious Blood and animal Spirits. The third is true or proper nourishment, that which fastens to the parts, and at last is assimi­lated into their nature.
Alindesis,
is an exercitation of the Body, wherein people first anointed with Oil, were wont afterwards to rowl themselves in the dust.
Alipasma,
is a small dust, which mixt with Oil is used to be soaked into the Body to hinder sweating.
Alitura,
is the action of a live Body, where­by the perpetual waste of Blood, Spirits, and substance, is as continually repaired by the acces­sion of new nutritious juice, rightly prepared and fermentated, and then stuck upon the parts that are to be nourished.
Allantoides,
is the urinary tunic, placed betwixt the Amnion and the Chorion, which by the Na­vel and Urachus, (or passage by which the Urine is conveyed from the Infant in the Womb), receives the urine that comes out of the Bladder. 'Tis called likewise Farciminalis, because that in many brutes 'tis of the shape of a gut-pud­ding; but in man and some other few animals, it is round, and like the thin soft skin which wrappeth the Child in the Womb.
Allioticum,
is a Medicine which by Fermen­tation and cleansing alters and purifies the Blood; boiled up for the most part of the root of Sow-thistle, Cichory, Fennel, Endive, Lettice, &c.
Allogotrophia,
is a disproportionate nutrition, when one part of the Body is nourished dispropor­tionately to another.
Alopecia
is a shedding of the Hair, occasioned by the Pox, or otherwise. So called from a Fox, [...], whose Urine is said to make places bald and barren for a year, as the Scholiast of Calli­machus observes; or from a disease peculiar to a Fox. It is called likewise, [...] from the figure, because that the parts smooth and destitute of Hair, look winding like a Serpent, in Greek [...]. Its common to both these Distempers that the hair falls, of Areatem, by shedding, whence in general this Disease is called Area.
Alphus
is described by Celsus, to be a Distem­per wherein the white colour of the skin is some­what rough, but not continued, like so many se­veral drops: Sometimes it disperses it self wider, and with some intermissions. Alphus is likewise cal­led morphaea; it differs from Leuce, in that it penetrates not so deep.
Alterantia,
the same with Alliotica.
Alteratio
is a depuration, or a preparation and expurgation of the Blood by breathing a Vein, or purging.
Alvearium
is the cavity of the inward Ear, near the passage which conveys the sound, where that yellow and bitter excrementitious stuff is bred.
Alvi fluxus,
the same with Diarrhaea.
Amalgamatio
is the corrosion of metal by Mercury.
Amaurosis
is a dimness of sight, whether the object be placed near or at a distance; but so, that no external fault appear in the Eye, if you in­spect it never so narrowly; the defect consists in the obstruction of the optick nerve; it is called also gutta serena.
Ambe
is a superficial jutting out of the Bones: also a Chyrurgeons Instrument with which dis­jointed Bones are set again.
Amblotica
are Medicines which make abortive, as are all diureticks.
Amblyopia
is dulness of sight, which is-fourfold; Myopia, Presbytia, Nyctalopia, and Amaurosis, of which in their proper place.
Ambonae,
the same with ambe.
Ambrosia
is a solid Medicine, but prepared as grateful and pleasant as can be; it seems to take its name from the meat of the gods, because the gods eat Ambrosia, and drink Nectar.
Ambustio
is a solution of the Continuum, caused by some external burning matter which offends the inward thin skin always, oftentimes the out­ward thick skin, and sometimes also the muscles, veins, arteries, nerves and tendons.
Amethodicum
is that which is done without any methodical rational prescription, as your Em­pyricks, or Quacks do.
Amma, or Bracherium,
is a sort of a girdle, useful to those who are troubled with a Rupture in the Belly, wherewith the privy parts are closely con­nected with the Abdomen, the Ribs, and the Loins, lest the intestines should fall out. It seems to have took its name of Bracherium, from the girdles which are made for the Reins and Loins, which Isidorus calls the Amber Monkish Bracelet; it is called Brachile or Brachiale, tho it be not any gir­dle belonging to the Arms, but the Reins. Cas­sianus calls it rebrachiatorum, whence without doubt the Bracherium of the Chyrugeons had its rise; that girdle or swathe which they [Page 14]use in Ruptures of the Belly.
Amnion
is the membrane with which the faetus in the Womb is most immediately clad, which with the rest of the secundinae, the chori­on and alantois, is ejected after the birth; it is whiter and thinner than the chorion. It con­tains not only the faetus, but the nutritious hu­mour, whence the faetus by the Mouth and Throat sucks its nourishment. It is outwardly clothed with the urinary membrane, and the cho­rion, which sometimes stick so close to one another, that they can scarce be separated.
Amolyntum
is a Medicine which will not de­file the hands that touch it.
Amphemerinus
is a Quotidian distemper.
Amphiblestroides,
or the tunica retina of the Eye, is a soft, white, and slimy substance, which is so named, because that being thrown in the water, it resembles a net. It shoots from the ve­ry center of the optick nerve; and expanding it self over the vitreous humour, is extended as far as the ligament of the Eye-lids; this tunic, in that it is whitish and of a marrowy substance, seems to proceed from the very marrowy and fi­brous substance of the optick nerve; so that it is as it were an expansion of nervous fibres, which are there gathered into one bundle, into a con­texture made like a net; and indeed if the whole eye were taken for a flower which grows to the brain by the stalk, as I may call it, of the optick­nerve, the tunica retina would be the very flower it self, and the two former by only in the nature of a stem; They receive the sensible species [Page 15]within the bed of the eye much after the same manner as a whited wall in a darkned chamber receives and represents the visible species which are intromitted through a little hole.
Amphibranchia
are places about those glandules in the jaws which moisten the Aspera Arteria, Sto­mach, &c.
Amphidaeum
is the top of the mouth of the Womb, like the lips of a cupping-glass.
Amphismela
is an anatomical instrument, use­ful in the dissection of bodies.
Amulatum
is the same with Periamma.
Amygdalae,
the same with Antias and Paristh­mia.
Amigdalatum
is an artificial milk, or an emul­sion made of almonds, and other things.
Ana
is an equal portion of different ingredients in the same receit.
Anabasis
is the increase of diseases.
Anabatica,
see Synochus.
Anabrochismus
is when any thing superfluous and corrupted is taken up by the letting down of a band fit for thar purpose; it is likewise a way of drawing out the inverted prickling hairs of the eye-lids, by the help of a thread of fine silk in the eye of a needle; which when you have doubled, you put the hair through, and draw it out.
Anabrosis
is a consuming or wast of any part of the body by sharp humours.
Anacatharsis
is a medicine that discharges na­ture by some of the upper parts; as any thing that provokes to vomit, to sneezing, to salivation, &c.
Anacollema,
is a sort of ointment, or dry me­dicine, either applied to the forehead and nostrils to stop bleeding; it signifies likewise a medicine that will breed flesh, and conglutinate the parts.
Anadiplosis
is a frequent reduplication of Fe­vers.
Anadosis
is whatsoever tends upward in the bo­dy, as the distribution of Chyle, or a Vomit.
Anaisthesia
in defect of sensation, as in paraly­tick and blasted persons.
Analeptica
are medicines which cherish and re­new the strength; it signifies also a part of Hygiei­na, or art of preserving health, whereby weak per­sons are recovered.
Analgesia
signisies indolency, or absence of pain and grief.
Analogia,
see Analogismus.
Analogismus
is a comparison and perception of causes that help by likeness.
Analysis
is the reduction of a body into its first principles; also it is an Anatomical demonstrati­on of the parts of mans body, which is perfor­med by insisting upon the parts severally.
Anamnestica
are medicines which restore the memory, as all spirituous things do.
Anaplerosis
is part of Chyrurgery, whereby that which either Nature has denied, or has by chance decayed, is restored by art.
Anarrhopus
is the same with Anodosis.
Anasarcha
is a white, soft, yielding tumor of the whole outward body, or of some of its parts, which dints in by compressing the flesh; it is caused by the blood upon a double account; first, when it does not rightly sanguisie, or assimilate [Page 17]the Chyle; and again, when it is not rightly ac­cended in the Lungs. The blood thus perverted, pours forth the Serum at the extremities of the Arteries in greater quantity than it can receive and reduce by the Veins and Lympheducts, or expel by the Veins and Pores, and other passages that send it forth. If the humours be too viscous, it is called Leucophlegmatia.
Anastoichiasis
is a Chymical resolution of bo­dies.
Anastomasis
is an effluxion of the Blood, the Lympha or Chyle, at the meeting of Vessels that close not narrowly. It is also taken for the mu­tual opening of Veins and Arteries into one ano­ther, as some long ago dream't, though they were awake; for this were to offer violence to the Laws of Circulation: yet it is not impossible neither, since Veins open into Veins, and Arteries into Ar­teries; as is plain in the Spermatick Vessels; the Plexus Choroides, rete mirabile, &c.
Anastomotica
are Medicines which open the Pores and Passages, as Purgatives, Sudoriferous things, and Diuretics.
Anatasis
is the extention of the Body towards the upper parts.
Anatica portio,
See ana.
Anatomia
is a neat Dissection of an Animal, es­pecially Man, whereby the Parts are severally discovered and explained, for the use of Physick and Natural Philosophy.
Anatomicus
is a Physitian that is skilful in Dis­sections.
Anatripsis
is a bruising or Comminution of the Stone, or a Bone.
Anchoralis processus,
See Ancyroides.
Anchyle
is a contraction of a Joynt, or the back part of the Knee.
Anchylops,
the same that Aegilops.
Ancon,
or the top of the Elbow, is strictly ta­ken for the backward and greater shooting forth of that Bone of the Cubit which is called Ulna.
Anconaeus,
See in Ancon.
Ancyle
is the contraction of the Ham. See Anchyle.
Ancyloblepharum
is the growing of the Eye-lid to the tunica cornea, or to the Albuginea, or when as it sometimes happens, both the Eye lids grow together: this concretion sometimes happens be­fore the delivery of a Child, and then 'tis the fault of the Birth.
Ancyloglessum
is when the little string under the Tongue is too straitly tied, which causes difficulty of utterance.
Ancyroides
is the shooting forth of the Shoulder­bone like a beek, which is called Coracoides, An­choralis, and Cornicularis.
Androgynus, or an Hermaphrodite,
is one who hath both Man and Womans Members: also one who has had his Members cut out; also Effemi­nate.
Aneurisma
is a dilatation or bursting of the Ar­teries, always beating, and swelling sometimes to the bigness of an Egg, which yields, if you com­press it, but recoils presently.
Angina
is an Inflamation of the Jaws or Throat, attended with a continual Fever, and a difficulty of respiration and swallowing: and it is two-fold; either Supria or Exquisita, a bastard or a true [Page 19] Squincie: the later is again four-fold, Synanche, Parasynanche, Cynanche, and Parachynanche: of all which in their proper place.
Anhelatio,
See Asthma.
Ani procidentia,
See Procidentia ani.
Animal is facultas,
the Animal Faculty, is an Action whereby a man exercises Sense, Motion, and the principle functions of the Mind, which are three, Imagination, Ratiocination, and Memo­ry.
[...] purgare,
to discharge upwards, as in a Vo­mit, &c. opposite whereunto is [...] purgare, to do it downwards.
Anodynum
is a Medicine that allays Pain.
Anoea.
is Madness, or an extinction of the Ima­gination and Judgment.
Anomeomeres
is the same with Heterogeneus; or that which consists of several and different Par­ticles.
Anorexia
is a loathing of Meat, arising from an ill disposition of the Stomach.
Antagonista
is the opposite Situation of Mus­cles, as may be seen betwixt the Adductor and Abductor, that which contracts and expands the Arm.
Antarthriticam
is a Medicine against the Gout.
Antasthmatica
are Medicines proper for Asth­matic people.
Antecedens causa,
See Proegumena.
Antecedentia signa,
Antecedent Signs are such as are observed before a Disease, as an ill disposi­tion of the Pancreatic Juice, or the Bile, is an Antecedent cause to infinite Diseases.
Antemetica
are such things as hinder Vomiting too much.
Antendaxis
is a Countre-indication, or a con­tradictory indication, which forbids that to be used which the former indication suggested as proper: as for instance, abundance of ill juice in blood requires Evacuation; but then again the weakness of the Patient may forbid it.
Antepileptica
are Medicines against the Falling­sickness.
Anthelix
is the Protuberance of the Ear, or the inward brink of the outward Ear.
Antherum
is any thing that's florid in our Bo­dies. Anthera are also the tops in the middle of Flowers, which lean upon little hairy threads.
Anthracosis oculi
is a scalie corrosive Ulcer of the Eye, attended with a Defluxion and fear of the whole Body, especially about the Eyes. The Cause is now and then an Inflamation of the Eye from a Malignant Fever.
Anthrax, Carbo, Pruna, or Carbunculus,
is defined to be a Tumor that arises in several places, sur­rounded with hot fiery and most sharp Pimples, accompanied with acute Pain, but without ever being suppurated; and when it spreads it self farther, it burns the Flesh, throws off lobes of it when it is rotten, and leaves an Ulcer behind it, as if it had been burnt in with an Iron.
Anthypnotica
are Medicines which hinder Sleep.
Anthysterica
are Medicines good against the Fits of the Mother.
Antias,
in the Plural Antiades, Tonsillae, Glan­dules of the Neck, which Chyrurgeons commonly call Almonds, which they do not too much re­semble neither. They are two Glandules, which in reality make but up one Body, placed at the [Page 21]sides of the Epiglottis, or cover of the Wind­pipe; its substance is similar, and made like sepa­rate Grains, just like Honey or Oyl, hardned with cold; but that they stick closer together, as if they were joyned by a Membrane; 'tis of somewhat a yellowish Colour, and soft; it had on each side one common large oval hollow passage which opens into the Mouth within the skirt, whereof it contains two somewhat big, and several less Cavities. Its use is to collect the snotty viscous Matter, and to moisten the adjacent parts there­with. It signifies also, the Inflamations of these parts. See Paristhmia.
Antiballomena
are Medicines of a like strength, which are now and then used in the defect of one another: Apothecaries call them quid pro quo.
Anticardium
is a cavity in the Breast above the region or place of the Heart.
Anticnemium
is the former part of the Leg.
Antidotum
is a Medicine against deadly Poy­son.
Antinephritica
are Medicines which Cure the Distempers of the Reins.
Antipathia
is a Contrariety and Repugnancy in the Body, or in Medicines: also a loathing and abhorrence of any thing without a manifest cause.
Antiperistasis
is the surrounding of the Air, as in Hay that is cocked and made up into Ricks too moist. Hippocrates the first great Author of Phy­sick, says in his Aphorisms, That Bodies are hotter in Winter, and colder in Summer. I interpret it thus, That this does not come onely from the Antiperistasis of the Air, but from the Nitre with [Page 22]which the Air in Winter-time is impregnated; especially, when the North-Wind blows; so that when we come to breathe, the Sulphureous Blood is more fermentated and inflamed in the Lungs.
Antipharmacum
is a Remedy against Poyson; or a Remedy against any other Disease.
Antipleuriticum
signifies any Remedy against a Ple [...]risie.
Antipyreuticum, or antipureticum,
is a Medicine that temperates and allays too much heat in Fevers, as any acides do.
Antiqui morbi,
old Diseases, are such as from the fourth day continue often many Years, and there­fore they are called also inveterate.
Antipasis
is a revulsion of a Disease; that is, when Humours which flow into some one part, are turned into another by the opening of a Vein in a remote part.
Antispasmodicum
is a Medicine that hinders contractions.
Antispasticum
is a Medicine that diverts Distem­pers to other parts.
Antitasis
is an opposite placing of parts in the Body, as the Liver, and the Spleen.
Antrum buccinosum,
the same with Cochlea.
Anus
is the extremity of the intestinum rectum; it consists of Three Muscles, two called levatores, which distend and open it in time of necessity; and one called Sphincter, which shuts it, and keeps it so. It is also a cavity in the Brain, which ari­ses from the contact of four Truncs of the Spi­nal Marrow; also the Skin which goes over the Navel, which when wrinkled, are a sign of old Age.
Aorta,
or the great Arterie, is a Vessel which proceeds from the left Ventricle of the Heart, consisting of four Tunics, a Nerveous, Glandulous, Muscular, and Membrancous, or Internal one; it beats continually, and distributes Blood into the whole Body for nourishment. The branches which creep from the Heart to the Brain, are cal­led Carotites: those which run laterally towards the Arms, are called Humerar is: as the Trunc of it discends, the Branches extend themselves to­wards the Bowels: and going further on to the Thighs and Feet, it ends.
Apagma
is the thrusting of a Bone or other part out of its proper place.
Apanthismus
is the Obliteration of a part in the Body, so that it can be no more found; as it of­ten happens to a little Arterious Pipe about the Heart.
Apathia
is an utter want of Passions.
Apepsia
is when the Stomach has no Concocti­on.
[...]
are Crude Wheals or Knobs in the Body, not yet ripe.
Aperientia,
opening things, are those which con­sisting of sharp, small Particles, penetrate the Bo­dy profoundly, and by attenuating and expelling the more crass and gross, open the Pores and Passages of the Body and its Vessels.
Aperistatos
is a hollow Ulcer.
Aphoeresis
is a part of Chyrurgery so called; which teaches to take away superfluities.
Aphonia
is want of Voice.
Aphorismus
is a short determinative sentence.
Aphrodisius morbus,
the same with Lues Venerea.
Aphthae
are Wheals or Pimples about the In­ternal parts of the Mouth; as also about the Ventricle and Guts, which when they come to be ripe, fall off by piece-meal, and are often ac­companied with a Fever in those of riper Years. In new-born Children, I believe it arises from some Impurities which the Mass of Blood contracts in the Mothers Womb; for the Blood for want of Eventilation there, being more impure, pre­sently after the birth of the Faetus begins to flou­rish and refine. Celsus's Aphthae are otherwise described; but, says He, There are extream dan­gerous Ulcers in Children, which the Greeks call [...] for they often kill them. There is not the same danger in Men and Women. These Ulcers begin in the Gums, then by little and little spread over the Palate and the whole Mouth; and then at last descend to the Epiglottis, or cover of the Wind pipe, and the upper part of the Throat, which being once Infected, the Child hardly re­covers.
Apnaea
is a suppression of Respiration, either wholly, or at least to Sense.
Apochylisma,
called Succago, Robub, and Rob, is the boiling and thickning of any juice with Su­gar and Honey, into a kind of a hard consistence.
Apocope
is the cutting off of a part.
Apocrusticum
is any thing that helps by vertue of binding and repelling.
Apodacryticum
is a Medicine that provokes Tears.
Apolepsis
is the interception of Blood and Ani­mal Spirits.
Apomeli,
is Oxymel, or a Decoction of Honey and Vinegar.
Aponeurosis
is the end, tail, or string of Muscles; it is called also a Tendon. Chyrurgeons take it falsly for a Nerve.
Apoflegmatica,
See Apophlegmatismus.
Apoflegmatismus, Commansum, some Physicians call it in Barbarous Language Masticatorium;
it is a Medicine which being kept in the Mouth, and often also chewed, draws forth Pituitous Humors, which are excited at the Mouth, made of the Root of bastard Pellitory, Salt, Holly, Mastich, Wax, &c. when it is used in this solid Form, it is called Masticatorium: it is used also in a Liquid Form, and is of the Nature of a Gargarism, made up of Cephalics, and attenuating Ingredients, boiled and prepared.
Apophthora
is an Abortion, or the Birth of a Faetus before its due time.
Apophysis, Probole, Echphysis, Processus, Productio, Projectura, & Protuberantia,
is a part of a Bone that is not contiguous, as an Epiphysis is, but continuous with the Bone, and stretching it self beyond a plain surface.
Apoplecta
is the Jugular Vein, which the An­cients falsly called, the Soporalis, or Sleepy Vein.
Apoplexia, Attonitus stupor, Sideratio, and Mor­bus attonitus,
is a profound Sleep, wherein the Patient being vehemently shaken, tossed, and prick­ed, yet perceives nothing, nor affords any sign of Action; accompanied with a difficulty of Respi­ration for the most part, and sometimes with none at all: it arises frequently from viscous Blood, which obstructs the least Pores of the Brain: or from Blood Extravasated about the Basis of the Brain, which oppresses and straitens the Carotidal Arteries, or the Brain.
Aporrhoae
are Vapours, and Sulphureous Efflu­viums which exhale through the pores of the bo­dy, and other breathing holes.
Apositia
is a loathing of Meat.
Apospasma
is when the unity of Organical com­pounded parts is dissolved, and those things which were of different natures, yet naturally compacted together, are disjoyned by the Rupture of those Ligaments, and little Fibrous Threads or Fil­ments which held them together: as when the Skin is separated from a Membrane, a Membrane from a Muscle, one Muscle from another; and in short, any one part from another, which natu­rally adhered to it.
Apostasis,
see Apostema.
Apostema,
which Pliny calls Apostasis, Hippocra­tes Metastasis, and Celsus, Abscessus; is an Exul­ceration left after a Crisis: but Apostasis, and Metastasis sometimes differ in this, That the for­mer is meant of an Acurate Crisis, the later of the translation of a Disease from one part to ano­ther.
Aposurma
is a shaving away of the Skin, or Bone.
Apotherapia
is a Cure, or Remedy: also an Ex­ercitation, which both Purges the Excrements, and secures from Weariness.
Apothermus,
the same with Apochilysma.
Apozema, the Apothecaries call it a Decoction,
is a Decoction of Roots, Woods, Barks, Herbs, Flowers, Fruits, Seeds, &c. which is boiled down commonly to Twelve, Fifteen, or Twenty Oun­ces. It is either Purging, Loosning, Altering, or Drying, Cephalic (for the Head) Stomachic, Diu­retic, [Page 27]Splenetic, or Hepatic, (good for the Liver.)
Appetitus alimentarius, or Hunger,
is a certain Constitution of the Phansie, arising from the Mo­tion of a Nerve of the par vagum, and the Inter­costal, which for want of Nourishment, is moved inordinately in the Stomach; whereby we are impell'd for Animal Spirits, to those Motions of our Members which are most conducive to the pro­curing of Nourishment. It is occasioned in as much as the Animal Spirits being any way exci­ted about the middle of the Brain, shoot thence towards the body of the Nerves: or it may be thus defin'd, appetitus alimentarius is an incitement to seek Nourishment, proceeding from an acid Humor which arises from a ferment in the Sto­mach, with which the Nerves being vellicated, they communicate the sense of want of Nourishment to the Brain; which want, the Brain naturally judges ought to be supplied.
Apsychia
is a Deliquium of the Mind.
Aptystus
is want of Spittle, so that a Man can­not spit.
Apyrexia
is an intermission, or cooling of Fe­vers: the cause of it is, that all the Morbific Mat­ter is spent in one Fit, and it intermits till new come, and begin to swell and ferment as the other.
Aqua distillata,
distilled Water, is such as is drawn out by Distilling, consisting of Watery and Spirituous Parts, but more of Watery.
Aqua inter cutim,
Water betwixt the Skin; the same with Anasarca.
Aqualiculus,
or the lowest part of the Belly; the same with Hypogastrium.
Aquaeus humor,
the Watery Humor, see Hu­mores Oculi.
Arachnoides
is the Cristalyne tunic of the Eye; so called from its likeness to a Spiders Web.
Araeotica,
see Rarefacientia.
Aranea tunica, or Cristalyna,
is that which sur­rounds the Cristalyne humour, by reason of its light thin contexture, like the workmanship of a Spider, it has the name of Aranea.
Arcanum Theophrasto
is the Quintessence of a thing most highly exalted, or, as He says, it is the vertue of a thing Refined by a thousand Exaltations. He boasts of four Arcana especially;
  • 1. The Ar­canum of the First Matter.
  • 2. Of the Philosophers Stone.
  • 3. Of the Mercury of Life.
  • 4. Of Tincture.
Others call it an Extract specially so called.
Arche
is the beginning of a Disease.
Archeus
is the highest, and exalted, and invisible Spirit, which is separated from Bodies, is Exalted and Ascends, an hidden Vertue of Nature com­mon to all things; an Artist, a Physitian. Also Archiatios, or the Chief Physitian of Nature, which distributes to every thing, and to every Mem­ber its peculiar Archeus occultly by the Air. Al­so Archeus the first in Nature, is a most occult quality, which produces all things from Iliastes, being onely immediately sustained by the Divine Vertue it self.
Arcuatus Morbus,
see Icterus.
Ardentes febres,
burning Fevers, are those which are accompanied with a great Heat and Thirst, by reason of a too high Exaltation of the Sulphur; as in that called causus, and lipiria.
Ardor
is a very intense acute Heat raised in our Bo­dies by a too high Exaltation of Sulphur or Spirits.
Ardor ventriculi,
that which we call Heart­burning, [Page 29]is a particular sort of Pain in the Sto­mach which at the same time molests the whole Gullet; some call it a Fervent Heat of the Sto­mach; some an Ebullition, and a boiling bubling heat of the Stomach; when a certain fiery Pain is felt in the Ventricle, and the Throat, as if it burnt; it happens often to people that are in good Health enough, and that either Feeding or Fasting; especially when they belch, as if there were a fie­ry sort of Blast closely pent up, and which could not break out. Yet it happens sometimes in Fe­vers too. It is caused by a certain effervescence of little, very sharp bileous particles, with Sulphureous, whence is perceived that Ebullition, or bubling heat of the Stomach.
Area;
Celsus reckons two sorts of Areas. This is common to both of them, that the uppermost little Skin being decayed, the hairs are first lessen'd, and then fall off: and if the place be beat, it sends forth a liquid matter of an ill savor; both of them spread in some swiftly, in others slowly; that is the worst that makes the Skin thick, fattish, and perfectly bald: That which is called [...] dilates it self in any shape, it happens both in the Head, and in the Beard; the former is called, [...] from its resembling a Serpent, it begins at the hinder part of the Head, exceeds not the breadth of two fingers, spreads it self towards the Ears in two branches, in some to the Fore-head, till they both joyn in the fore part of the Head: the one Distemper is incident to any Age; the other common to Infants. The former is scarce ever cured, the later often ends of his own accord.
Arena,
Gravel, is a thing bred in the body of [Page 30]a great deal of Salt and Earth, which often grows up into a Stone.
Argemon
is a little Ulcer of the Eye in that circle of it which is called Iris, comprehending part of the white and black.
Arilli,
the same with acini.
Aroma
is any Odoriferous Spice, as Cloves, Cinnamon, Galangal, &c.
Arquatus,
the same with Icterus.
Arteria trachea, or Aspera, the Wind-pipe,
is a Cartilaginous Vessel implanted in the Lungs, and consisting of various rings and parts: the fore­part of it is full of ligaments, and depressed for the better passing of the Gullet; its upper part is called Larynx, and the lower Bronchius: its use is for the Voice and taking in breath.
Arteria aorta, or magna, the great Arterie,
is a Vessel that beats continually, fastned to the left Ventricle of the Heart: it consists of four tunics, and receives the Blood in the Lungs, which is sent from the Heart, and Elaborated by the Nitre in the Air, and diffuses it through the whole Body for its Nourishment.
Arteria caeliaca,
see caeliaca arteria.
Arteriaca,
see Arteria.
Arteriotomia
is an Artificial opening of an Ar­terie, for the Letting of Blood in an inveterate Head-ach, Madness, Falling-sickness, Pain and Inflamation in the Eyes and Ears. The Section is made in the Fore-head, Temples, or behind the Ears: the manner of it is thus, After the li­gatures made in the Arms or Neck, the Arterie is cut just as a Vein is, and when the blood is Emit­ted, you apply a very Astringent Plaister, with [Page 31]a Leaden Plate, to the Orifice, and then swathe it well; the Cure is performed in Seven or Nine days time.
Arthritica,
see in Arthritis,
Arthritis, or Morbus articularis, the Gout,
exercises its Tyranny about two or three, or more Joynts; and it is defined to be a pain about the Joynts, proceeding from an effervescence of the Nervous Acid Juice, with the fixed Saline Particles of the Blood, whence the Nerves, Tendons, Liga­ments, the thin Membranes about the Bones, are contracted, and miserably Tormented; whence proceeds Swellings, Redness, hard sandy concreti­ons in several parts of the Body, and other symp­toms that accompany it. It is fourfold, Chira­gia, the Gout in the Hands; Ischias, in or about that Bone which is connected to the Os Ilium: Gonagra, in the Knees; and Podagra, in the Feet, almost an incurable Distemper.
Arthritis vaga, a Wandering Gout,
is a Disease in the Joynts that creates pain sometimes in one Limb, sometimes in another. It proceeds from a double cause. We may suppose in this Disease a great many heaps, as it were, of fixed Salt thrust out from the Mass of the Blood, to be placed like so many Nests here and there about the Limbs and Joynts, which being treasured up in several di­stinct Cells, or Repositories, like the Spawn of Fish, or the Seed of Women; the lower recrements of the Nervous Juice comes afterwards, like the Man's Seed, and Impregnates them; and hence from the mutual Effervescence of these two, the Membranes and Nervous Fibers being vellicated and contracted cause an extraordinary quick and acute Pain. It [Page 32]is called vaga, wandring, because 'tis not con­stant to one and the same place, as the true Gout is.
Arthrodia
is the joyning of Bones, when the cavity that receives the Bone is in the Surface, and the little head or top of the Bone that is received, is depressed: as in the lower Jaw-bone, with the Bone of the Temples.
Arthon
is a Joynt, or Connexion of Bones, pro­per for the performing of Motion. Articuli are sometimes the Knuckles of the Fingers.
Anthropologia
is the Doctrine of Man: which Batholine distinguishes into two parts: Anato­mie, which Treats of the Bodie and its Parts; and Psucologie, which Treats of the Soul.
Arthrosis,
the same that Articulatio.
Articularis morbus,
see Arthritis.
Articulatio
is a Conjunction of Limbs for the performing of Motion: and it is twofold, Diar­throsis, or a more loose Articulation: and Synar­throsis, or a closer.
Articulus,
see Arthron.
Artomeli
is Broth made of honey and bread.
Artus
are Members growing to Cavities in the body, and distinguished by Joynts.
Arytaenoides
are two Cartilages, which with others make up the top of the Larynx; it is taken also for certain Muscles of the Larynx.
Arythmus
is a Pulse lost to sense.
Ass, or Assis,
is the least piece of Money that's Currant, and in Weight a Pound.
Asaphia
is a lowness of Voice, which proceeds from a loose or ill constitution or contemporation of the Organs.
Ascaris, or Ascarides,
are little worms which breed in the Intestinum rectum, and then tickle and trouble it. They are bred of some Excre­ments which stay longer than they ought, and there putrefie.
Ascites
is a Dropsie or swelling of the Abdomen, and consequently of the Scrotum, Thighs, and Feet; proceeding from a Serous, and sometimes Lymphatic or Chylous Matter, like the wash­ing of flesh, collected in the cavity of those parts.
Asef,
the same with Hydrea.
Asema
is a Crisis beyond hope, happening with­out any previous indication by signs.
Asitia
is a loathing of Meat.
Asodes,
see Assodes,
Aspera Arteria, or Trachea,
is an Oblong Pipe, consisting of various Cartilages and Membranes, which begin at the Throat, or lower part of the Jaws, lies upon the Gullet, descends into the Lungs, and is dispersed by manifold Ramifications or Branches through their whole substance: the upper part is called Larynx, and the lower Bron­chus, to which Malpighius adds a third, or lowest, called by him Vesicular: It is subservient to Speech and Respiration.
Asphyxia
is a pulse that is sensibly decayed.
Assodes
signifies a continual Fever, wherein the outward parts are moderately warm, but with a great heat within, an insatiable drought, perpetual tossing, watching, and raving.
Asthma
is a frequent respiration, joyned with an hissing, a sound, and a cough, especially in the Night-time. The causes thereof are a sharp and scorbutic blood, which too much vellicates [Page 34]the Organs of respiration, and puts them into a meer convulsive motion, whereby the Lungs are puft up, and the Circulation of the Blood is hindred; whence suffocations, swounds, and coughs easily proceed.
Astragalus
is the first and most principal Bone, which together with other little bones in the Foot, make up that little part of the Foot which im­mediately succeedeth the Leg in Beasts, called the Pastern.
Astringentia,
binding things, are those which with the thickness and figure of their Particles, force and bind together the parts of the body.
Astrologia
is a reasoning about the Vertues of the Stars; not so necessary to Physicians, as the Ancients imagined.
Astronomia
is a naming of the Stars, or a know­ledge of the laws and rules of Stars and Constel­lations; or a knowledge concerning, or about the Stars.
Ataxia
is a confounding of Critical Days.
Atecnia,
the same with Agonia.
Atheroma
is a tumor contained within its own coat, arising from a pappy humour, without pain, not easily yielding to the Fingers, nor leaving any dint after 'tis compressed.
Athymia
is a Defection or Anxiety of Mind.
Atlas
is the first Vertebre under the Head; so called, because it seems to hold up the Head; it wants Marrow.
At [...]mus
is a Body so small, that it is not capa­ble o [...] being divided into lesser parts, as are the Elementary Particles of Spirit, Salt, Sulphur, Wa­ter, and Earth.
Atonia
is a faintness, infirmity, defect of strength.
Atra Bilis
is a sulphureous, and saline, earthy, adust and black blood, which is bred in the bo­dy, and gathered in the Spleen; for there it is volatilized, and exalted into a ferment fit to mix with the blood.
Atretus
is one whose Fundament or privy parts are not perforated.
Atrophia, or Tabes,
is when the whole body, or any one part of it is not nourished, but gradually withers and decays away. Tabes is often taken only for an Ulcer in the Lungs, whereby the whole body by little and little perishes and decays.
Atta,
says Festus, is one who by reason of the tenderness of, or other defects in his Feet, touches the ground, rather than treads it.
Attenuantia, or incidentia,
are those things which opening the Pores with their acute Particles, cut the thick and viscous humours in the body.
Attonitus morbus,
the same with an apoplexy; Celsus takes it for Blasting.
Attrahentia,
drawing things, are those which opening the Pores with their little Particles, and dilating the humours, and expelling them, where their resistance is weaker, not onely swell the parts, and make them red; but by driving more vapours and humours out of the Skin and Flesh than can make their way through a thick inner Skin, gather them under it, and swell it into lit­tle bladders.
Auctio
is Nutrition, whereby more is restored than was lost.
Auditus, Hearing,
is a Sense wherein sounds from the various trembling Motion of the circum [Page 36]ambient Air, beating the Drum of the Ear, are communicated to the common sensory by the au­ditory Ne [...]ve, and are there felt and perceived.
Augme [...]tum Febricum, or incrementum,
is a com­putation from what time the heat of a continual Fever has seised upon the whole Mass of Blood, till it hath arrived at the height.
Aureus
is a sort of Weight amongst the Ara­bians, of a Dram, and a Seventh part; the same with Denarius.
Auricula infima,
the same with Lobus auris.
Auricula cordis,
Ear of the Heart; there are two of them, the right and the left; the right receives the blood from the vena cava, or great Vein, which is carried into the right Ventricle, and then enters the Lungs: the left is that which receives the blood rightly prepared and fermen­ted by the Nitrous Air from the Lungs, that it may be discharged by the left Ventricle into the great Arterie, and thence be distributed into every part of the body.
Aurigo,
the same with Icterus.
Auris, the Ear,
is the Organ of hearing, which is either External, whose upper part is called Pin­na, or Ala; and the under Lobus, the Lobe, or Au­ricula infima, the lowest part of the Ear: its Ex­ternal circumference is called Helix; the Internal, Anthelix, or internal; in which you may consider the Drum, the four little Bones, with the little Muscles, the Concha, or Hollowness, the Fora­men Ovale, the Oval hole, the Labyrinth.
Automatos
is that which moves of its own ac­cord, as the Motion of the Heart, the digestions and fermentations of the bowels.
Autopyros
is bread made of whole Grains, with­out any bran taken from it, or added to it. This sort of bread is preferr'd before any other, because the Bran is cleansing.
Auxilium, or remedium,
is whatsoever is good against a Disease by a contrary vertue; and it is three-fold, Diet, Medicine, and Chyrurgery.
Axilla
is the Arm-pit, hairy in adult people.
Axioma
is a proposition built upon the Autho­rity of Hippocrates, or Galen; but of little validity, now that Physick is built upon Reason and Ex­perience.
Axis
is the third Vertebre from the Scull.
Axungia
is the fat or tallow of an Hog.
Azoth
sometimes signifies the Mercury of any Metallic body, sometimes an Universal Remedy, as 'tis thought, made of Mercury, and prepared with Gold and Silver; a few years ago, it was famous amongst the Vulgar, and Persons of Qua­lity too; of different colour, according to the di­versity of the preparation, which was often too troublesome, whence it begun to decrease both in price and repute.
Azygos
is a famous Vein about the Heart, called sine pari, or jugo, which reaches to the Vertebres, and proceeds from the Vena Cava, the great hal­low Vein.
Azymus
is unleavened, unwholesome Bread.
B.
BAcilli,
are called those Medicines which are of a long, round Figure, like a stick or Pillar. Balanaeum, or Balneum, is properly a washing [Page 38]of the whole Body; yet it is sometimes taken for a washing of the lower parts only, which they commonly call Nisessus, and semicupia; and it is ei­ther dry, or moist; the dry are prepared of Ashes, common Salt, Sand, filed Steel, &c. the moist are either vaporous or watery. The former are made of the boiling of Roots, Herbs, Flowers, Seeds, &c. the Vapour whereof is all that's taken. The wa­tery, are either artificial, which are made of Phy­sical Decoctions; or Natural, which are called Thermae Bathes, whose Waters are either Alumi­nous, Ironish, Copperish, Nitrous, Sulphureous, Bituminous, Vitriolie, &c. all which Waters are called Acidulae.
Balanus, or glans,
is the Nut of the Yard, co­vered with the Fore-skin; also the Clitoris of a Woman. Also all Fruits and Roots that have round Heads, as a Walnut; also an Acorn, an earth-Chesnut: also a Suppository.
Balneum,
the same with Balaneum.
Balsamus, or balsamum;
the Word Balsame is used very differently in the Shops.
  • 1. It signifies a certain sort of Persume, of somewhat a thick Consistence, like an Ointment; and this is its most usual signification; as for instance, Balsame of Roses, Apoplectic, and the like.
  • 2. There are a sort of Liquors distilled from Gum, and resinous Substances, with spirit of Wine, which are anointed outwardly, and these are called Balsams too; as Nervous Balsame, Sciatic, &c.
  • 3. It signifies a Liquor that is anointed into the Body, thicker than Oyl, and more Liquid than an Ointment.
  • 4. Salt things funded and melted, are called Balsame, as the Balsame of Salt of Jewels.
  • 5. There are a [Page 39]sort of particular preparations called Balsams, as the balsam of Sulphur, &c.
  • 6. and Lastly, some Gums of Trees are called Balsams.
Bamma
is a Tincture, or a Liquor, wherein any thing is tinged or moistned, as bread sopt in broth.
Barycoja
is heaviness of hearing.
Basilareos,
see basis.
Basilica
is the inner Vein of the Arm, called Hepatica, the Liver vein.
Basilicum
is a rich precious Medicine, that ex­cels all others.
Basioglossum
is a pair of Muscles that depress the Tongue.
Basis
is the upper part of the Heart, which is opposite to the point; it is also the ground or foundation of the bone Hyoides, for the use of the Tongue: also the principal Ingredient in a pre­scription.
Bathmis
is a Cavity in the bone of the Arm or Shoulder, on each side one; whereinto, when the whole hand is stretched forth and bended, the process of the undermost and lesser of the two long bones of the Cubit, enters.
Batrachus
is a Tumor under the Tongue, which makes one croak like a Toad, when they speak.
Bechica
are Medicines good against a Cough.
Belenoides
is the process or shooting forth of a bone, called Aliformis, made like a wing, which is fixed in the Basis of the Scull.
Benignus morbus,
a favourable disease, is that which has no dreadful Symptoms, but such as are consonant to its nature.
Bicongius
is a measure which contains Twelve [Page 40] Sextaries, one of which is just our Pint and an half.
Bilis, the gall,
is a Sulphureous Saline Excre­ment of the blood, separated in the Liver by means of little Glandules, and is sent either into the lit­tle bag that contains the Gall, or into the Gut called Dundenum, by the Ductus Hepaticus, that it may farther promote the fermentation of the victu­als, and carry off the Dregs that are left behind when the Chyle is separated from the whole Mass. The Gall consists of Sulphur, Adust Salt, and a little Serum; it is naturally yellow: preterna­turally it is of the Colour of the yolk of an Egg, green like a Leek, rustie, and sky-coloured; all which variety of colours proceed onely from different degrees of Heat and Fermentation. Syl­vius maintained, That the Bile ascended to the Heart by the ductus hepaticus; but this Opinion, as it is neither consonant to Experience, nor Reason, so nor to Truth neither; this excrement is not called Bile, but when it is separated from the Blood; and therefore the Opinion of the Ancients con­cerning this Bilious Humour, is quite out of doors, since that Circulation of the Blood was found out. See Humores Sanguinei.
Biolychnion
is Natural Heat, which is commu­nicated to the Faetus from the Parents; but when it is brought forth, the heat gradually decays, after that the Blood and Spirits of the Child are alter­ed, fermented, and accended by nourishment and nitrous Air. They do but babble who tell us, that this Heat lasts for many years; for if it be Heat, it is in continual Motion, and is therefore dispel­led as other Fires and Heats are.
Blaesitas
is a stammering in speech, which pro­ceeds from the ill make or temperature of the Tongue.
Blaesus
is one that has an Impediment in his Speech. Also a Bandy-legg'd Person: or one whose Back bone is bended, either forward or backward; also a Paralitic Person.
Blenna
is a thick Snot which distills through the little holes of the Palat, and the Nostrils, and pro­ceeds from the Ventricles of the Brain, by the Processes, called Maniformes, like Teats.
Bocium,
the same with Bronchocele.
Bolus
is a Medicine taken inwardly, of a con­sistence something thicker than Honey, and in quantity for one Dose, as much as may be con­veniently taken at a mouthful.
Bovina fames,
the same with Bulimus.
Bothor
signifies Pimples in the Face, which don't spread, but are easily suppurated, and vanish. It is besides a general Appellation for Pimples in the Face, Lungs, or other parts. The Arabians al­so call the small Pox and the Measels Bothor.
Bracherium,
the same with Amma.
Brachiale,
the same with Carpus.
Brachiaeus,
see Lacertus.
Brachium, or Lacertus,
is a Member that con­sists of the Arm properly so called, the cubit, and the hand.
Brachylogia,
of the same signification with Bra­chylogus.
Brachylogus
is one who gives his positive Opi­nion in few words. Brachylogia is a curt expressi­on: as for instance, the Aphorisms of Hippocrates.
Bradypepsta
is slow digestion, proceeding from [Page 42]a depraved disposition of the Acid ferment in the Stomach.
Branchus
is a hoarsness in the Throat.
Bregma, or Pregma,
is the bone of the Fore­head.
Brochi
are blubber lip'd persons: also a sort of Chyrurgeons cord, or halter.
Bronchocele
is a Tumor in the top, or the mid­dle fistulous part of the Wind-pipe.
Bronchotomia,
is a Section of the Wind-pipe, in a membranous part betwixt two of the Rings; it is used to prevent suffocation in people troubled with a Quinsie.
Bronchus
is the middle Fistulous part of the Wind-pipe, whose fore-part is made up of so ma­ny little Rings; the upper part is called Larynx, and the under Vesicularis; it is used in the voice, and in respiration.
Bubo
is the Groin, or place from the bending of the Thigh to the Privy-parts: also a Tumor in the Groins, proceeding from the Pox, or Pestilence.
Bubonocele
is a Rupture; when the Intestines fall into the Groin, or the outermost skin of the Cods: sometimes it is taken for a Bubo or Swel­ling.
Bucca
is the inferior lax part of the Face, that may be swoln or puft up, as appears in Trumpeters.
Buccinator
is the round Muscle of the Cheeks, like a Circle, thin and membranous, interwoven with various Fibers, and inseparably girt about with the Tunic of the Mouth. Casserius has ob­served, a certain strong band that grows outward­ly in the Center of this Muscle, which spreading [Page 43]it self about the Cheek-bone, is terminated in a lit­tle slender Muscle directly opposite to that part of the Face called Bucca: it arises from the up­per Jaw-bone, and is fastned in the lower, at the Roots of the Gums. Its use is to move the Cheeks with the Lips; and serves as a hand to the Teeth, whilest it tosses the Meat to and fro, and throws it upon the Teeth, that it may be more exactly chawed.
Buccula
is the fleshy part under the Chin.
Bulimia,
the same with Bulimus.
Bulimiasis,
the same that Bulimus.
Bulimus
signifies an extraordinary Appetite, of­ten accompanied with a defection of Spirits: it proceeds sometimes from a too sharp Ferment of the Stomach, whence the Membranous Tu­nics and Nerves being irritated, the Animal seeks after Nourishment for a remedy.
C.
CAcatoria febris
is an intermittent Fever, (so called by the famous Sylvius de le Boe) ac­companied with a violent Purging, which is some­times griping, and very painful, extreamly afflict­ing, and weakning the Patient when it comes.
Chachecticus
is one that has an ill Habit of Bo­dy.
Cachexia
is an ill Habit of Body, proceeding from an ill disposition of the Humours of the Bo­dy; whence lingring Fevers, Consumptions, and Dropsies are contracted: in this Disease the Face is often pale, and discoloured, and the Body big, and swoln: Cachexia taken in a large sense is op­posed [Page 44]to [...], and as a good Habit of Body is common to all sound parts, so an ill one is pro­pagated by all the ill parts. Strictly, Cachexia is onely taken from an ill disposition of the Ha­bit of the Body; and Euexia on the contrary for a good disposition of the Humors, or Blood, and Body.
Cacochymia
is the abundance of ill Humors in the Blood: and it is either Ulcerous, Bilious, Pi­tuitous, Melancholic, Acid, Salt, or Sharp.
Cacoethes, Chironium ulcus, or Telephium,
is a Dis­ease or Ulcer beyond Cure, which is called Ma­lignant Ulcer; this happens when an Ulcer is callous, or sinuous, under which there sometimes lie little putrified bones that have fallen down.
Cacophonia
is an ill voice, proceeding from an ill constitution of Organs.
Cacotrophia
is an ill Nutriment, proceeding from a fault in the blood; as in a Leprosie, Ring­worms, &c.
Caducus morbus,
see Epilepsia.
Casarea sectio,
the same with Hystertomotocia.
Calamus Scriptorius
is a certain Dilatation, about the fourth Ventricle of the brain, which is after­wards pointed, from which shape it has its Name.
Calcaneus
is the same with Calx.
Calchoidea
are three little bones in the Foot, which with others make up that part of the Foot which succeeds the Ancle: and Fallopius calls them Cuneiformia, made like Wedges.
Calcinatio
is the solution of a mix'd body into powder by fire, or any coroding things; as Mer­cury, Aquafortis, &c.
Caldarium,
the same with Laconicum.
Calculus
the Stone, is an hard praeternatural concretion in a Mans body, which is often bred in the Reins, Testicles, and other parts, from Sa­line and Earthy Particles concreted together.
Calidum innatum,
see Emphitum thermum, or Biolychnium.
Callicreas, or Pancreas,
is a conglomerated Glan­dule, placed under the hinder part of the Ventri­cle, about the length of three or four fingers in a Man; it is clotted with a thin Membrane from the Peritonaeum: it is terminated in Man near the common Ductus, or Passage of the Bile into the Gut duodenum, and distils a volatile insipid sort of a juice: but Sylvius de le Boe, and de Graaf affirm, That they have found an Acid and a somewhat Acid juice there; nay, sometimes an austere and a sweet one; thence also they bring the Original of all Diseases: but we must know, that this possi­bly was observed, when scarce one in twenty which they dissected was found exactly sound. Con­cerning this question, see my Anat. of things, l. 1. c. 21. Its use is, to temperate the Chyle, which is something Acid, and the bitterness of the Gall with its Volatile Juice, that is may at last enter the Lacteals with a sweet taste.
Callus
is a kind of swelling without pain, like Skin contracted by too much labour.
Calor nativus,
see Biolychnium.
Calva
is the Scull, also the upper hairy part of the Head, which either by Disease, or old Age, grows Bald first.
Calvaria,
the same with Calva.
Calvitium
is that Baldness which is naturally incident to old Age.
Calx
is the second Bone in that part of the Foot which succeeds the Ancle, bigger and stronger than the rest, oblong, and grows backward, that a man may stand more strongly upon it, and not fall so easily backward. Calx also is that which by Calcining, is either turn'd into Alcool, as Calx Saturni, or at least is made friable, as Harts­horn burnt.
Camarium,
see Fornix.
Camarosis
is a blow upon the Scull, whereby some part of the Bone is left suspended, like an Arch.
Cambium
is a secundary humour according to Avicen, which yet is reckoned amongst the Hu­mours, and its use was said to be to nourish the parts: the first was called the nameless humour: the second Glew; and the fourth, which was very near converted into Nourishment, was called Cambium: but these figments are quite Exploded since we found out the Circulation of the Blood, by the Fibres.
Cameratio
the same with Camerosis.
Capulum
is the Contortion of the Eye-lids, or its Hairs.
Canales
are passages by which the Juices of the Body flow: as those which serve for the Spittle, the Bile; that in the Liver, Pancreas, &c.
Canaliculus Arteriosus,
is a Vessel betwixt that Arterious Veins of the Lungs, and the great Ar­tery in Faetus's; for 'tis obliterated in Adult per­sons: its use in Faetus's, is, that the Blood may be discharged by this Ductus out of the Arterious Vein, into the great Artery, because that the Blood is not accended in their Lungs, for want of Respi­ration in the Womb.
Cancer,
see Carcinoma.
Canina appetentia,
see Cynodes orexis.
Canina rabies,
the same that Hydrophobia.
Canini dentes,
the same with Cynodontes.
Canities
is a hoariness of the Head before the usual time: it is twofold, the one is according to the ordinary course of Nature: the other is ill, and as Aristotle calls it, Diseased.
Canna major,
the same with tibia.
Canna minor,
the same that Fibulae os.
Canthus, or hircus,
is the angle or corner of the Eye; which is either the greater or the Internal; or the less or External.
Capreolus auris,
see Helix.
Capsulae artrabilariae, or Renes succenturiati,
are Glandulous Bodies placed above the Reins; their use is to receive the Watery Substance called Lympha, into their Cavities, wherewith the Blood in its return from the Reins being thicker, and much destitute of Serum, may be diluted, and circulate more fluidly.
Capsula cordis,
see Pericardium.
Capsula communis,
which Glisson has observed in the Liver, is nothing but a Membrane which pro­ceeds from the Peritonaeum, which includes both the Porus bilarius, and the Vena porta, or great Vein in the Liver.
Capsulae seminales
are the Extreme Cavities of the Vessels which convey the Seed, dilated like little Coffers, which by two small holes emit the Seed received from the Testicles into the little seminary Bladders, that it may be either preserved there against the time of Coition, or be reduced into the Blood by the Lymphatic Vessels.
Caput mortuum
is that thick dry matter which remains after the Distillation of Minerals especi­ally: but most commonly it denotes that which remains of Vitriol.
Caput purgium,
the same with Errhinum.
Carbo,
see Anthrax.
Carbunculus,
the same with Anthrax.
Carcinodes
is a Tumor like a Cancer.
Carcinoma, Carcinus or Cancer,
is a Tumor that arises from a Salino-sulphureous and sharp Blood; it is round, hard, livid, painful, at the beginning as big as a Pea, but afterwards 'tis surrounded with great swelling Veins, which resemble the Feet of a Crab, though not always.
Carcinus,
see in Carcinoma.
Cardia
is the Heart, or Principle Muscle ordain­ed for the Circulating of the Blood.
Cardiaca
is a Suffocation of the Heart from a Polypus, or Coagulated Blood.
Cardiacum
is a Medicine which (as they for­merly thought) corroborates the Heart: but it rather onely puts the Blood into a fine gentle Fer­mentation, whereby the Spirits formerly decayed, are repaired and invigorated, whereupon the Blood by consequence Circulates more easily and briskly.
Cardialgia and Cardiogmos,
is a gnawing or contraction of the Nerve called par vagum, and the Intercostal implanted in the Stomach, pro­ceeding from a pungent vellicating Matter in the Ventricle; so that the heart being straitned and contracted by consent with the Stomach, occasions a swooning away.
Cardiogmos,
the same that Cardialgia.
Caries
is the corruption of a bone, from the continual Afflux of vitious humors, or from their Acrimony and Malignity; or from an occult quality: or from a bruise that some way affects the bone, or from sharp Medicines.
Caro, flesh,
is a similar Fibrous part, bloody, soft, thick, together with the bones, the prop of the body, and what covers the Spermatic parts; and it is five-fold, Musculous, Fistulous or Fibrous, as in the Muscles, and the Heart; Par [...]nchymous, as the Lungs, Liver, Spleen; Viscerous, as the Guts; Glandulous, as the Pancreas, the Glandules of the Breasts, those for Spitting, &c. Spurious, as the Gums, Lips, the Nut of the Yard, &c.
Caro
also signifies that soft pappy substance of succulent Fruits which we call the Pulp: as the Pulp or Flesh of a Quince, &c.
Carotidis arteria,
is either External or Internal, the External which arises near the Heart, divides it self into two branches, the outermost whereof is variously distributed to the Jaws, the Face, the top of the Head, and behind the Ears; but the other, with a sort of Mechanical Preparation for its Reception, passes through the Os cuneiforme; for Nature has dug a peculiar Channel in both sides of it, wherein this Artery for its greater security is clothed with a new Adventitious and thicker Tunic, and there representing the Figure of an S. it goes double out of its Channel of bone, puts off its borrowed Coat, and tends toward the Brain, with its charge of Blood; ascending there­fore about the Ocular Nerve, it spreads it self towards the sides, than to the foremost part of the Brain betwixt the passage of the Olfactory [Page 50]Nerves: Lastly, it tends backward, and taking leave of the Brain near the Medulla Oblongata, and the Spinal Marrow, waters it with its blood, as far down as the Os Sacrum. They formerly cal­led this the Vertebral or Internal Arterie, because they thought it ascended and joyned with the Carotidal in the Brain; which yet is otherwise found by Experience, according to the acurate Dr. Willis; they are called Soporales, or Carotides; in as much as if they be tied, they immediately in­cline the person to sleep: but the Ancients mistook when they ascribed Natural Sleep to them.
Carpia
is a Tent that is put into a Wound or Ulcer, to cleanse it.
Carus
is a Sleep, wherein the person affected being pulled, pinched, and called, scarce shews any sign of either hearing or feeling; it is with­out a Feaver, greater than a Lethargy, and less than an Apoplexy. It proceeds from an obstructi­on, or compression of the Pores and Passages which go towards the middle of the Brain, and are placed at least in the utmost Extremity of the Corpus Callosum.
Carpus,
commonly Brachiale, the first part of the Palm of the Hand. Hesichius calls it that part of the Arm which is betwixt the lowermost part of the Cubit, and the Hand, the Wrist: it consists of Eight small bones, with which the Cubit is joyned to the hand.
Cartilago
is a white part, dryer and harder than a Ligament, and softer than a Bone; it is said to be Similar and Spermatic, but falsly; for 'tis no more made of Seed, than any other parts; it renders Articulation more easie, and defends [Page 51]several parts from injuries from abroad.
Carunculae Myrtiformes,
are the wrinklings of the Orifice of a Woman's Vagina, or Membra­nous inequalities, not to be reckoned in any cer­tain number, which in Women with Child and after Child birth are so obliterated, that they are altogether imperceptible, there are for the most part four of them.
Carunculae oculi,
are Glandules placed at each greater corner of the Eye, which separate Moisture for moistning the Eyes, the same with Tears, which afterwards by the Puncta Lachrymalia, placed in the bone of the Nose, are discharged into the No­strils.
Carunculae papillares
are Ten little Bodies that are in the Reins: they are properly little bundles which arise from the centring together of a great many small Channels, which the Reins are in a great measure made up of; and these receive the Serum from the little ductuses, and convey it into the Pelvis.
Casus Uvulae,
see in Cion.
Cataclida
is the first Rib, called the Subclavian.
Catagma
is the breaking of bones, or a separati­on of the Continuum in the hard parts of the bo­dy; which is effected with some hard Instrument forcibly impressed upon the part; whose differen­ces are taken from the Form, the Part, and seve­ral accidents.
Catalepsis, or Catochus
is an abolition of all the Animal Functions, wherein the Respiration re­mains entire, and the Patient preserves the same habit of body that he had before he fell sick: the cause of it seems to consist in the Obstruction or [Page 52]Angustation of the Corpus striatum in those Pores by which Objects are Represented in the brain, so that there's no perception of any Object; but the Pores, by which the Animal Spirits are Conveyed from the Brain to the Organs of Sense, are left free and open.
Catalotica,
the same with Cicatrizantia.
Catamenia
are Womens Courses, which gather­ing every Month by the Fermentation of the blood, and being come to a Turgency by the Accession of a Ferment that is in the Womb, discharge them­selves at their set-time; others say, they proceed from Seed bred in the Testicles, and communi­cated to the blood. Some ascribe the Courses to the motions of the Moon; but if this were true, then all Women would have them at the same time. They begin at Twelve, Thirteen, or Four­teen Years of age, and stop about Fifty; but this cannot be exactly determined: they are supprest in breeding-Women, and Nurses; yet this is not a rule neither.
Catapasma
is Fragrant Powder, which by rea­son of its Scent is strewed amongst clothes: also a fragrant Powder, which after anointing is appli­ed to the Stomach or Heart.
Cataphora
is the same with Coma; they only differ in this, that Cataphora is taken as the ge­nus to all sorts of Stupors that are not attended with a Fever.
Cataplasma
is a Topical Medicine of the con­sistence of a Pultise; it is usually prescribed two ways, either boiled, or without it; the former is more frequent, the latter of more efficacy. In the former, they are to take such Vegetables as are [Page 53]proper, as Roots, Herbs, Seeds, Flowers, Fruits, &c. adding proper Meals, or omitting them; all which are boiled up in a convenient quantity of Liquor, v. g. Water, Beer, Milk, Honey, &c. to the consistence of a Pultise: the latter is prepa­red commonly of Vegetables shred small with the Infusion of so much Liquor onely as may make it of the former consistence. You may add here Meal, crumbs of Bread, Oyles, Oyntments, as in the former sort of Cataplasms too.
Catapotium, commonly Pillula,
is a Medicine given inwardly, Purging Pills.
Cataptosis
is one Symptome of an Epilepsie; when Men fall suddenly to the Ground.
Cataracta,
is Two-fold, either beginning, or a suffusion onely, or confirmed, or a Cataract proper­ly so called; the incipient is but a suffusion of the Eye, when little Clouds, Motes, and Flies seem to flie before the Eyes; but the confirmed Cata­ract, is when the Pupil of the Eye is either wholly or in part covered and shut up with a little thin Skin; so that the Sun-beams have not due admittance to the Eye. Confirmed Cataracts are cured with thrusting a Needle through the Albugineous and the hornie Membrane as far as the Cataract, which is to be depressed with the Needle, and if it start back to be broken, then the Eye is to be tied up with Water of Roses, the white of an Egg, and Alumn, all shaken together.
Catarrhopus
is when Humours, Vapours, or Wind, go downward.
Catasarca,
the same with Anasarca.
Cataschesis
is a good state of Body, opposite to an Hectic.
Catastasis
is a disposition of Humane Body, or of time.
Catatasis
is an Extension of the Body towards the lower parts.
Catheretica
are Medicines that take away su­perfluities.
Catharma,
the same that Catharcticum.
Catharrbus
is a Defluction of Humours from the Head towards the parts under it, as the Nostrils, the Mouth, Lungs, &c.
Catharsis,
the same with Catharcticum.
Catharticum
is a purging Medicine, which clean­ses the Stomach, the Guts, and whatsoever is vi­tious and heterogeneous in the Blood, and throws it into the Common-shore of the Guts. See Pur­gatio & Vomitorium.
Cathemerina
the same with Quotidiana Febris.
Catheter
is a Fistulous Instrument which is thrust up the Yard into the Bladder, to provoke Urine when it is suppressed by the Stone; or into whose cavity an Instrument called Itinerarium is thrust to find out the Stone in the Bladder, that then the Sphincter of the Bladder may be shown, and an Incision be made in the Perinaeum, i. e. betwixt the Fundament and the Privities.
Cathetetrismus
is the Administration or Opera­tion of Injecting any thing into the Bladder by a Catheter, or a Siringe.
Catholicum
is a common Medicine that expels all ill Humours; which is kept in the shops.
[...] purgare,
to Purge downwards.
Catoche,
the same with Catalepsis.
Catochus,
the same with Catalepsis.
Catopsis,
the same with Myopia.
Catoretica
the same with Purgantia.
Cavitates
are the greatest Cavities in the Body, wherein some Principal part is contained, as the Brain in the Head; in the Chest, the Lungs, Heart, &c. in the Abdomen, the Liver, Spleen, Reins, Stomach, Intestines, Bladder, &c. and they are three, the Head, the Chest, the Belly.
Cavitates minores
are the Ventricles of the Heart and Brain, of which in their proper place.
Cauledon
is the breaking of the bones a cross, when the parts of the bones are so separated that they will not lay direct.
Causodes,
the same with Causus.
Caustica, or Escharotica
are those things which burn the Skin and Flesh into an hard crust, as burnt Brass, unquenched Lime, sublimated Mer­cury, and hot Iron, &c.
Causus, or a burning Fever,
is that which is at­tended with a greater heat than other continued Fevers, an intolerable thirst, and other Symptoms which argue an extraordinary accension of the blood: and that which formerly discriminates it from other putrid Fevers, is, that the temper of the blood is hotter, i. e. abounds more with com­bustible Sulphur; and therefore when it begins to boyl, is accended in a greater measure, and in its deflagration diffuses Particles of most Intense Heat through the whole body; its Motion is acute, it comes presently to its height, is accom­panied with dreadful Symptoms, has a very diffi­cult Crisis, and a dangerous Event?
Cauterium
is a Chyrurgeons Instrument, made of Iron, Silver, or Gold, which after 'tis healed, has an actual power of burning into any thing; [Page 56]they differ in Bulk, and in Form; it is sometimes taken for a potential cauterie, prepared of Lixi­viums, or Lime and Sope.
Cedmata
are defluxions upon the Joynts, espe­cially the Hip.
Cele
is a tumor in any part.
Cellulae intestini coli,
the little Cavities of the Gut Colon, are where the Excrements lodge some while, that they may refresh some adjacent parts with their Heat, and digest and ferment any oc­curring crudities.
Cementium
is a Powder by whose means Cemen­tatory Calcination is performed: or as others say, it is an acute piercing Mineral Matter, where­with Metals being strewed are Reverberated to cement, and it is either simple or mixt; and ei­ther in form of a Powder, or a Confection.
Cenchrias
is a sort of spreading Inflamation which we call Wild-fire, called Herpes Miliaris from the resemblance it bears to the Seed of the small Grain called Millet or Hyrse.
Ceneangia
is an Evacution of the Vessels, by opening a Vein.
  • 1. It is expedient in a Plethora, to free Nature from too great a load.
  • 2. 'Tis expedient to draw back the blood when it rushes too plentifully towards any one part.
  • 3. To di­vert the blood from one part to another, though it be no way lodg'd there, nor be Extravasated.
  • 4. To Ventilate and Cool the Blood in Burning and in Putrid Fevers.
Centrum
is the middle of a Body not taken Mathematically, but Physically, and that they say is the Heart; from which, as from a Center, the blood continually Circulates round the most di­stant parts of the body.
Cephalaea
is an obstinate Head-ach.
Cephalalgia
is an Head-ach that proceeds from Intemperance, or ill Confirmation of the Parts.
Cephalartica
are Medicines which purge the Head.
Cephalica
are Spirituous and Volatile Medicines used in the Distempers of the Head. Also the outermost Vein in the Arm is called Cephalica, because it uses to be opened in Diseases of the Head.
Cephalopharyngaei
signifies the first pair of Muscles of the upper part of the Gullet, which proceed from beside the Head and Neck, and are spread more largely upon the Tunic of the Gullet.
Cephalophonia
is a pain or heaviness in the Head.
Ceraea
are the Horns of the Womb in Bruits, wherein Generation is performed.
Ceratium,
the same with Siliqua.
Ceratoglossum
is the proper pair of Muscles be­longing to the Tongue, proceeding from the horns of the Bone called Hyoides, and joyned to the sides of the Tongue; their use is to move the Tongue straight downwards towards the in­ward parts, when they act joyntly: but if either the one or the other be contracted singly, they move it to the right or left side.
Ceratodes,
the same with Cornea Tunica.
Ceratomalagma
is a softening Composition, pre­pared of Wax, and other ingredients.
Ceratum
is a Medicine applyed outwardly, made of Wax, Oils, and sometimes Dust mixed thicker than an Ointment, and softer than a Plai­ster.
Cerchnos
is a certain Asperity of the Larynx, which is felt as it were like so many Juniper-berries, whence, proceeds a little dry Cough.
Cercis
is the Second Bone of the Cubit, called Radius, because it is like the spoke of a Wheel.
Cerea,
the same with Achor.
Cerebellum
is the hinder part of the Brain, con­sisting, like the Brain it self, of an Ashie or Barkie Substance, and a white Marrowie Substance, wherein the Animal Spirits which perform Invo­luntary and meer Natural Actions, are Generated. In Man, but not so in Beasts, it seems to consist of a great many thin Plates that lay upon one another.
Cerebrum,
the Brain, is strictly taken for the foremost part of the Substance which is within the Skull; and it is a Substance of a peculiar sort to it self; outwardly it is covered with the Skin cal­led Pia Mater; it is wrought with many turnings and windings, its Exterior Substance is Ashie, wherein the Animal Spirits are Generated: the Interiour is white, which receives the Animal Spirits from the former, and discharges them by the Corpus Callosum, and the Medulla Oblongata into the Nerves; upon which voluntary actions do chiefly depend. Likewise the Brain is the sub­ject of Imagination, Judgment; Memory, and Re­miniscence; for the Idaea's or Species of things being received from the Organs of the External Senses, are carried to the common Sensory, or the beginning of the Oblong-marrow, and then by the Corpora striata, and the Corpus callosum, there the judgement and imagination are formed; but the Seat of the Memory is said to be in the Ashie [Page 59]Barkie Substance; and if the Idea's after some time chance to be called for out of the place of the Memory, then it is properly said to be Reminiscence, or Remembring; Sleep is likewise transacted in the Brain; concerning which, see in its proper place.
Cerelaeum
is an Ointment made of Wax and Oyl.
Cerevisia medicata,
Physick-Drink, is wherein Medicines, proper for any Diseases, have been infused.
Ceria,
the same with Favus.
Cerio,
the same with Favus.
Cerotum
the same with Ceratum.
Cerumina
are the filth of the Ear, which seems to be sweat out from the Cartilages: others think it comes from the Glandules which border upon the Ears; it consists of abundance of salt and adult Sulphur, which gives it its bitterness: it is good to hinder Dust, Motes, or little Animals from getting into the Ear.
Chalastica
are Medicines of a moistning Quali­ty, which Relax the parts that are too hard bound up.
Chalazia
is a little swelling in the Eye lids, like a Hail-stone.
Chalazae,
every Egg has two of them, one in the Obtuse, and the other in the Acute end: there's more of them in the White; yea they stick closer to the Yolk, and are fastned to its Membrane. They are something long bodies, more Concrete than the White, and whiter; knot­ty, have some sort of Light, as Hail, whence they have their name: for each Chalaza consists as it were of so many Hail-stones separated from [Page 60]each other by that White: one of them is bigger than the other, and farther from the Yolk; is ex­tended towards the Obtuse-end of the Egg: the other is less, and extends it self from the Yolk towards the Acute-end of the Egg. The greater is made up of two or three Knots like so many Hail-stones, which are moderately distant from each other, the less, in order succeeds the grea­ter. It is also a Disease incident to Swine.
Chalinos, Aurelian
says it is the Ultimate An­gle, and joyning of the Mouth, or that part of the Cheeks which adjoyns upon the Lips.
Character
is a Mystical Sign or Figure, which signifies or denotes something amongst Chymists.
Charta Virginia,
the same with Amnios.
Cheimetlon,
the same that Pernio.
Cheironium,
the same that Cacoethes.
Chemia,
the same that Chimia.
Chemosis
is the Tumor of the Albuginious Tunic, that makes the black of the Eye appear Concave.
Chimetlon,
the same that Pernio.
Chiragra
is a sort of Gout in the Hands, arising from the Effervescence of Acid Particles, and fixt Salt.
Chiromantia
is a Divination from inspecting the hand, when men Predict futurities from the Linea­ments thereof, not at all necessary to a Physitian, since it is rather a Diabolical and deceitful art.
Chirones,
the same with Sirones.
Chyronia
is a great Ulcer, and of difficult Cure.
Chyrurgia,
Chirurgery, is an Art, wherein by the help of our Hands or Instruments we endea­vour to Cure Diseases. Or, it is a part of the Art Theraputic, wherein Diseases are Cured by Inci­sion [Page 61]Burning, and Setting Joynts. Or, it is a Sci­ence which teaches the manner and way of Ope­ration upon Living Human Bodies; and it is five­fold; tho others chuse rather to divide it into Four Parts.
  • 1. Synthesis, a setting together of things separate.
  • 2. Diaeresis, a separating of things that were continued before.
  • 3. Diorthosis, a cor­recting of things squeezed together and contor­ted.
  • 4. Exeresis, a taking away of Superfluities.
  • 5. Anaplerosis, a Restoring of that which was De­ficient.
Chirurgus,
one skilful in this art of Chirur­gery.
Chlorosis, or Morbus virgineus commonly Icterus albus,
seems to be a kind of Phlegmatick Pitui­tous Dropsie, arising from an obstruction of the Courses, want of Fermentation in the Blood, and a Detention or Depravation of the Ferment in the Womb; whereupon the Muscular Fibres being obstructed, they become lazie, and unfit for Acti­on.
Choana
is a sort of Cavity or Tunnel in the Basis of the Brain, by which the serous Excre­ments are brought down from the Ventricles of the Brain to the Pituitary Glandulae: also the Pel­vis of the Reins, of which in its proper Place.
Choenicis,
the same with modiolus.
Choenix
is a sort of Measure containing two Sextaries, which is Three Pints of our Measure.
Choeras,
the same with Scrophula.
Cholagoga
are Medicines which purge Sulphu­reous and Bilious Humors; as Rhubarb, Senna, &c.
Choledechus
is the Ductus bilarius, or passage of the Bile, called Common, wherein the Bile from [Page 62]the Bladder that contains it, and the Ductus in the Liver, is carried on to the Gut called Duodenum.
Cholera
is a depraved motion of the Ventricle and the Guts, whereby the Bilious Excrements are discharged in great plenty upwards and down­wards: the cause of it consists sometimes in the very Acrimonie of the Gall, which meets and fer­ments highly with the juice of the Pancreas, as sharp and Acid as it self.
Chondros,
see Cartilago.
Chondrosyndesmus
is a Cartilaginous Ligament, or the joyning of Bones by the intervention of a Cartilage.
Chorda
the same that a Tendon, Nerve, or Gut, of which in their proper place.
Chordapsus,
so Celsus calls it, barbarously call'd Miserere mei, by others Illiaca passio; by others, Volvulus, commonly Ileus, and it is an Ejection of the Excrements at the Mouth only, procee­ding from an Obstruction of Excrements, from Wind, Inflammation, or Contortion, or Convulsi­on of the Guts; when the upper part of the In­testines are twisted with the lower; or on the con­trary, whereupon the Peristaltic or Vermicular Mo­tion of the Guts, whereby the Excrements are Excluded, becomes Inverted.
Chorea sancti Viti,
is a sort of Madness, which formerly was very common amongst some Peo­ple, wherein the persons affected lay'd not down, but ran hither and thither dancing to the last gasp if they were not forcibly hindred. Horstius says, That he hath spoke with some Women, who paying an yearly visit to the Chappel of Saint Vitus, which is near the City Ulme in Sweedland, have been ta­ken [Page 63]with such a violent fit of Dancing Night and Day, together with a sort of Frantickness in the Mind, that they fall together like so many people in Extasies: and are sensible of little or nothing for a Year toge­ther, till next May, about which time they perceive themselves so tormented with a restlessness in their Limbs, that they are forced to repair to the same place again about the Feast of Saint Vitus, to Dance.
Chorion
is the outward Membrane, which with the rest of the Membranes and Humours, con­tain the Faetus in the Womb. It is of an Orbicu­lar Figure in Women, and its upper part is an­nexed to the Placenta, where it adheres to the Womb.
Choroides
is the folding of the Carotidal Arterie in the Brain, wherein is the Glandula Pincalis. It is also the Uvea Tunica, which makes the Apple of the Eye.
Chromatismus
is the Natural Colour and Tin­cture; for Example, of Urines, Spittle, Blood, or Excrements.
Chronicus
is a daily inveterate Distemper, that has continued above forty days, and a Quartane Fever, a Consumption, an Asthma, Dropsie, &c.
Chronius,
the same with Chronicus.
Chrysocer aunius pulvis,
is Aurum fulminans, which is prepared of Gold, dissolved in a Menstruum, im­pregnated with Armoniac Salt, infused in Oyl of Tartar; the Calx is precipitated to the bottom, which is sweetned and dryed for use.
Chus
is a measure that contains four Sextaries, or two Chaenices, in our Measure six Pints.
Chylificatio
is a Natural Action which makes Chyle.
Chylosis,
the same with Chylificatio.
Chylus,
Chyle, is a white Juice in the Ventricle and Intestines, proceeding from a light Dissolution and Fermentation of Victuals, especially of their Sulphur and Salt, with which Edible things abound, and which by the Intervention of the Acid Hu­mour in the Ventricle, becomes white: for if you pour an Acid upon any Liquor that is impreg­nated with Sulphur and Volatile Salt, it presently turns Milkie; as is obvious in preparing Milk of Sulphur, or the resinous Extracts of Vegeta­bles. Nay, Spirit of Harts-horn, and of Soot, aboun­ding with Volatile Salt, if it be Mixt with an Acid or but with plain Water, grows to be of a Milkie Colour; at last the Chyle after a Com­mixion and Fermentation with the Gall, and the Pancreatic Juice, either Volatile, or Acid, passing the Lacteal Veins, &c. is mixed with the Blood. It is called in Latin also Chymus.
Chymetlon,
the same with Pernio.
Chymia, or Chemia
is a Resolution of Subluna­ry Bodies into their Elements; and again, a Co­agulation of the same Elements into the Bodies which they constituted before, in order to the preparation of Medicines more grateful, more healthful, and more safe; there are two parts of it, Solution and Coagulation: by the addition of the Ar­abic Article 'tis call'd Alchymia, or Alkymia; it is cal­led also Spagiria, Hermetica ars, ars perfecti Magiste­rii, ars Segregatoria, Seperatoria, and Destillatoria.
Chymica, or Chymicalia,
are Medicines which the Chymists prepare, that they may be taken in a less or more grateful quantity.
Chymicus
is one skilful in the Art of Dissolv­ing [Page 65]and Coagulating one skilful in Chymistry
Chymosis, or Chemosis,
is a Distortion of the Eve­lids, by an Inflamation: also an Inflamation of the Tunica Cornea in the Eye.
Chymus,
the same with Chylas.
Cicatrisantia
are such things as by drying bind­ing, and contracting, fill up Ulcers with Flesh, and cover them with a skin.
Cicatrix, Cicatrices, Scars,
are Marks which are left after great Wounds or Ulcers: some are sim­ple, others accompanied with a Cavitie, Diminu­tion, or Excrescence in the part Affected.
Cilia, and Supercilia,
are the Eye-brows, hard Cartilaginous Bodies; but Supercilia properly the hair upon the Eye-brows, at the Extremity of the Forehead; they are like two hairy Bulwarks or Ramparts to the Eyes, to defend them from the sudden Incurse of any thing from the Head or otherwise.
Cion, Columella, Gargareon, Gurgulio, uva, uvula, uvigena, uvigera, epiglottis, sublinguium,
is the co­ver of the Wind-pipe; it hangs betwixt the two Glandules, called Amygdalae, above the Chink of the Larynx, and is a Process from a Substance, as one would think, Glandulous, Spongie, and Red; which Columbus is of opinion, arises from the Tu­nic of the Mouth redoubled in that place. But Riolan says, it proceeds from some Muscles which are terminated there; it is a Figure roundly Oblong, in the upper part thicker, and ending Obtusely in an Acute. Its use is to attemperate the coldness of the Air, and to hinder the Drink from falling upon the Nostrils: sometimes this Uvula sticks out too far from the Humours that [Page 66]fall upon it, which cannot return by the Lympha­tic Vessels, whence proceeds the falling of the Uvula, which we call Roof of the Mouth.
Cionis,
the same with Cion.
Circuitus,
the same with Periodus.
Circulatio sanguinis,
see periodus.
Circulatio Chymica
is the Exaltation of pure I iquor; by a Circular Distillation in an Instrument called a Pelicane, or a blind Alymbic, by the virtue of Heat.
Circulatorium
is a Glass Vessel, wherein the Li­quor infused by its Ascending and Descending, rowls about as it were in a Circle: there are se­veral sorts of these Vessels, but two especially of moment and use, that called Pelicanus, and the other Diota.
Circulus
is a round Instrument, made of Iron, for the cutting of Glass; which is performed thus: The Instrument being heated, is applyed to the Glass, and is there continued till it grow hot, then with a drop of cold water, or a cold blast upon it, it flies in pieces.
Cirsocele
is a swelling of the preparing Vessels about the Testicles, so that they sometimes look like a Third Testicle.
Cirsos, or Varix,
is a Dilatation and swelling of the Veins, crooked or winding, and arising in one or more parts of the Body, insomuch that the Veins threaten a Rupture.
Citta, or Pica,
is a depraved Appetite, when peo­ple long for those things which are not fit to be, nor are ever eat, as Lime, Coles, Shells, Cloth, Hides, Sand, &c. that cause lies in the Deprava­tion of the ferment of the Ventricle.
Claretum
is an Aromatic Wine, impregnated with an Infusion, and sweetned with Sugar, it is otherwise called, Vinum Hypocraticum, Hypocras Wine: also a medicated Wine. It is so called, because it is percolated and purified by a Wine­sack through which it is drained from its dregs, called Manica Hippocratis.
Clarificatio
is when Juices or thick Decoctions become clearer and finer: which is done three ways, by subsiding Fermentation, or the additi­on of Vinegar, white of an Egg, or Milk.
Claviculae
are two little Bones which close the Chest of a Man, fastening the Shoulder-bone like a Key, with the Breast bone, that part where the Ribs joyn together: they are otherwise called, Ligulae, or Furcale, Furcala Superior, &c. they are placed transverse under the very bottom of the Neck, in the top of the Breast, on each side one.
Clavus
see Helos.
Clavus,
according to Tornamira, is a pain in a small part of the Head, commonly above the Eye in the Eye-brow, and seems as if that part of the Head were bored through with a little Auger, or Wimble.
Cleidion,
the same with Clavicula.
Clitoris
is a part in a Woman, resembling the Yard of a Woman, whose use is Titillation; it consists, like a Mans Yard, of two Nervous Bodies, which arise from the lower part of the bones of the Privities, and at the end is covered with a Nut, and a Prepuce, or fore-skin; its substance is spun­gie, so that it is capable of increase and Relaxati­on, but is not perforated as in Men.
Clydon,
is a Fluctuation in the Ventricle.
Clysma,
the same with Clyster,
Clyster, and Clysterium, or Enema,
is a fluid Me­dicine given inwardly, injected into the Bowels by the Fundament; some Clysters are softening and loosning, others scouring, others astringent, others which ease pain, and others for other uses. Cly­ster is sometimes taken in a larger sence, for Me­henchyta, Otenchyta, Ritenchyta, &c. which see in their proper places.
Cuismus,
the same with Pruritus.
Coccyx,
the last Portion of the Back, is made up of three little Bones, sometimes four, which are under the Os Sacrum, and serve for easier sit­ting.
Cochlea
is the cavity of the inner part of the Ear, so called from its windings and turnings, for it has three or four Rings which mutually succeed one another; it is girt about with a very soft and thin Membrane.
Coctio,
Concoction or Digestion, is the fermen­tation of the smallest Particles which our Nourish­ment consists of, that they may be made fit and proper for the nourishment and increase of a Living Body. The first Concoction is made in the Stomach by a Ferment which partly remains there, from the reliques of the former Meat, and partly flows thither from the Caeliac Arteries. The second is made in the Guts by the Gall and Pan­creatick juice. The third is in the Glandules of the Mesenterie, from a Lympha or Water which mixes it self with the Chyle. The fourth is in the Lungs, from the Inspiration of Nitrous Air. The fifth is in the Vessels and Bowels, as in the Spleen, Liver, Testicles, &c. It is ill called coction, or boiling, be­cause 'tis the property of Fire to boyl: for if Heat [Page 69]were the cause of Fermentation, what should be then of Fish and other things, wherein there's no sensible heat at all.
Codia
are the tops of Poppies, of which they make Syrup.
Cecum intestinum,
is the Fourth, in order from the Stomach, and first of the thick Guts; in Chil­dren new born, 'tis found full of Excrements; but in Adult persons its Cavitie often disappears, and onely hangs like a Worm.
Caelia
is a great Cavity, as the uppermost, mid­dle, and the lowest Region or Cavity.
Caeliaca Arteria
is that which arises from the Trunc of the great Arterie, and spreads it self to­wards the Ventricle and Liver with its Branches.
Coeliaca passio, or Affectio,
is a Purging, where­in the Meat either wholly changed, or in part is ejected, without any Chilification; and it is two­fold: the first, in which the Meat is onely Digest­ed in the Stomach; the other, when Concoction or Fermentation is performed in the Stomach and Intestines both at once; but by reason that the Lacteal Vessels, or little Teats of the Guts, are Ob­literated through long Fasting, a Purulent Dissen­terie or the like, the Chyle is not distributed.
Coeloma
is a hollow and round Ulcer in the Horny Tunic of the Eye.
Coelum
is the Cavitie of the Eye towards the Corners. The Palate is also called Coelum.
Cohobatio
is when a distilled Liquor is poured upon its Menstruum again, and afterwards is Di­stilled.
Coindicantia
are signs which do not indicate by themselves, but by another.
Colatura
is that which after Boyling, or Infu­sion, is percolated through a Sive or Cloth.
Colc [...]thar
is the dry Substance which remains after Distillation, commonly called Caput mortuum.
Coles,
see Penis.
Colica passio,
the Colic is a vehement pain in the Abdomen, from an ill disposition of the Animal Spi­rits, begun in the Nervous foldings of the Mesen­terio, and is sometimes falsly imputed to the Gut Colon. Others make this Disease to proceed from an Acid Pancreatic Juice; others, other ways, but falsly.
Colla
is Glue.
Colletica
are Medicines that Conglutinate.
Colliciae
are the joyning of the puncta Lachry­malia into one passage on both sides, which de­rive the humour of the Eye-lids into the Cavitie of the Nostrils; the holes that are made in the very tops of the Eye-brows descend in little Channels, easily to be shown, unless the bones of the No­strils be so cautiously broken, that the Tunics re­main entire; for after they have penetrated the Bones (whither they are separated with a thin Membrane) they spread themselves into a larger Channel, and are continued to the Tunic of the Nostrils. The same holes or openings in Sheep, Hares, Calves, Rabbits, are not found in the very Eye-brows, but a little more inward; and most of all in Birds, where they are larger than in any other Creatures; the Membrane which separates the holes here, is very short.
Collutio
is a washing of the Mouth, when we scour loose Teeth, the Gums, or Ulcers.
Collyrium
was once an Oblong Medicine which [Page 71]was taken in Distempers of the Eyes; it is prepa­red in an Oblong, sometimes an Orbicular Form, and is dissolved in a convenient Vehicle for curing the Eyes.
Coloboma
is a fault in the Lips, Eye-lids, Ears, Nostrils, and the like, when one part either from the Nativity, or by some accident grows to ano­ther, which were either before actually loosned, or at least ought to have been so.
Colon,
is the second of the great Guts; it is thus situate; it arises from the Caecum Intestinum, in the right Flank, and adheres to the right Kidney; then it tends upwards under the Liver, where some­times it is annexed to the Bladder of the Gall, which dyes it a Clayish Colour: it goes on further transverse under the bottom of the Ventricle, and on the left hand is joyned to the Spleen; then again it is fastned to the left Kidneys, where it winds and turns very obliquely; and after that, descends in a right Line; it is commonly about Eight or Nine hand breadths in length; but the widest and largest Gut of all, it has a great many little Cells, or Cavities in it; a certain Ligament is twisted with it the breadth of the middle Finger about its middle upwards; and then by reason of its largeness it is guarded with two strong Liga­ments, the one upwards, the other downwards, that it may be fastned to both the upper and un­der parrs: about the beginning it has a Valve that looks upwards, lest any thing should re­turn from the great Guts into the small.
Colpus,
the same with Sinus.
Columella,
the same with Cion.
Colummanasi
is the fleshie part of the Nose pro­minent [Page 72]in the middle, near the upper Lip.
Columma oris
the same with Cion.
Coma somnolentum
is a deep sleep, less than a Lethargie, without a Fever, wherein the Patient being awakned, answers to any Questions pro­pounded to him, but falls into a profound Sleep again, with his Mouth open, and his under-Jaw fallen, liker to one dead than alive. It proceeds from an Obstruction of the Brain, when the Se­rum has invaded the Tegument of the windings and foldings of the Brain, and the little streaks of the Marrow that is included therein. It is the same that Cataphora.
Coma vigil
is a Disease wherein the Patients are continually inclined to Sleep, but scarce can sleep, being affected with a great drowziness in the Head, a stupidity in all the Senses and Fa­culties, and many times with a delirium too. If the reason of these things be demanded, we may solve them thus, That the Pores and Passages of the Brains, wherein the Spirits move, are very much stuffed up with a thick Soporiferous Matter from the Blood, whereby the Spirits being hindred from their usual Explosion and Commerce with one ano­ther, seem to induce a profound and almost irresistable Drowziness upon the Person Affected; but in as much as there are some sharp nimble Particles, like so many Stings, intermixed with the Spirits, and which keep them in perpetual Motion, therefore some of them still force their way, and directly or obliquely, as they can find a passage, meet and exert; and this Motion, such as it is, con­fused and wandring, tho it do not perfect the com­pleat Exercise of the Animal Function, yet easily [Page 73]interrupts its Rest; so that persons thus Affected, enjoy neither perfect day, nor perfect night, but live in a continual Twilight betwixt sleep and waking.
Comitialis morbus,
the same with Epilepsia.
Composita
are Medicines made up of many sim­ple Medicines; as certain Waters, Syrups, Electu­aries, Opiates, Trochies, Ointments, Plaisters, &c.
Conarium, or Glandula pinealis,
hangs in the fold­ing of the Choroides in the Brain, so called from the shape of a Cone. It is seated betwixt the two beds of the Optique Nerves, and the Prominences of the Nates. We can scarce believe, that this Glandulae is the seat of the Soul; or that the Prin­cipal Faculties in a Man arise hence; because that several Animals which are in a manner wholly destitute of the Prime Faculties of the Soul, Ima­gination, Memory, &c. yet have this Glandulae very fair and ample: it ought therefore to be look'd upon rather as a Sensorie, whence the Nerves arise; to wit, about the beginning of the Oblongated Marrow. Its use is, to receive and contain the Serous Humours which are Excerned from the Alterious Blood, till either the Veins be­ing emptied, suck them again; or else the Lym­pheducts (if there be any at hand) convey them away. Yet the Learned F. Boyle doubts of its use, when he says, That it is not so easie to deter­mine what its use is. Since I have observed this Glandulae to be always impregnated with an ap­parent and pretty sharp saltness in several Brains of Men, Oxen, and Sheep; I cannot but imagine, that it separates some Volatile Humour from the Blood, Analogous to a Volatile Armoniac Salt, which be­ing [Page 74]diffused upon the Trunc of the Spinal Marrow, communicates some new Vigor to the Animal Spirits, and hinders their Coagulation.
Concha
is the winding Cavitie of the inner part of the Ear.
Condensantia,
see Incrassantia.
Conditum
is a composition of Conserves, Pow­ders, Spices, made up into the Form of an Electu­arie, with a convenient quantity of Syrup: it is taken also for a Simple Medicine, sweetned with Honey or Sugar; as candid Ginger, or Helicam­pane.
Condyloma
is the knitting or joyning of Joynts. Also a certain Tumor in the little skin of the Fundament; an hard and Callous Swelling, grow­ing from black Humors that flow thither. and rather troublesome than painful: sometimes also it is accompanied with an Inflamation.
Condylie
are the joynts and knuckles of the Fin­gers, thicker thereabout the Joynts, than in other places.
Confecta, Confitures,
are things (as Seeds, Al­monds, Cinnamon, &c.) crusted over with dry Sugar.
Confectio
is a Composition of Powders, Gums, Sugar, Honey, Syrups, &c. made up into one Substance, and it is Twofold; either dry, as Lozenges, &c. or moist, as Opiates, Preserves, Con­serves, and all sorts of Antidotes.
Conformatio
is an Essential part of Health, or Sickness; and therefore is either good or bad; it consists in these Six following Particulars, Num­ber, Magnitude, Figure, Cavitie, Surface; and Sci­tuation.
Congius, or Choa,
is a Measure that contains Six Sectaries.
Conjunctiva tunica,
the same with Adnata.
Conoides,
the same with Conarium.
Consensus,
a Disease by Consent, is when one Disease is caused by another, as Respiration is hin­dred by a Pleurisie; it is likewise the correspon­dence of different parts, by the mutual and com­mon Ligaments of both; to wit, Nerves and Ten­dons.
Conserva, a Conserve,
is a Composition of Flow­ers or Herbs beat together, to every pound where­of, if they be dry, are added three pounds of Su­gar; if moister, two pounds, so that they may be kept several years.
Consolidantia
are those things which cleansing with a moderate heat and force, by taking Cor­ruption out of Wounds, and preserving the tem­perature of the parts, cause the Nourishment to be fitly applyed to the part Affected.
Contagium,
is a Poison, which from one Sub­ject is propagated to another; which happens two manner of ways, either at a distance by the Air, or by simple Contact.
Contemplabiles dies,
see Critici dies.
Continens causa,
is the Internal Cause of a Dis­ease, with the matter of it, which ariseth elsewhere, which is so near a kin to the Disease, that if it be, the Disease is too; and if it be taken away, the Disease follows. As the Stone, which proceeds from ill Humors arising from ill qualities in Meats and Drinks, Obstructs the Ureters.
Continens febris
is a Fever that continues with­out any Intermission: and it is Twofold, either [Page 76] Primarie, or Secundarie; the former proceeds from a too great Exaltation of Sulphur, as in a burning Fever, a Pleurisie, Quinzie, &c. the latter, which is also called Symtomatica, is caused by Wounds, Ulcers, &c. as in a Consumption, Wounds in the Head, &c.
Continua Febris,
is a Fever (or Ague) which is continually troublesome, but with some inter­mission: and it is either Quotidian, Tertian, Quar­tane, or Erratic. The cause of its continuance proceeds from a too high Exaltation of Sulphur; as in the former sort of Fevers: but the Paroxismes, or Fits, proceed from that equal portion of Chyle which is continually added to the Blood.
Contraindicatio
is an Indication which hinders that to be done which the first Indication suggested; and it is either Contra indicans, which hinders of it self; or Correpugnance, which is Secundarily Repug­nant, and in Conjunction with other Indications.
Contusio ossis,
a bruising of a Bone is when a Bone is so hurt with some hard blunt Instrument, that outwardly it appears whole, when as inward­ly it is otherwise.
Convulsio, Convulsion,
is a Motion whereby the Nerves or Membranes are contracted and remitted without the Will, as in the Falling-sickness, Cramp, &c. of which in their proper place.
Cophosis,
is a Deafness.
Copos
is a weariness of the Body, when the Muscles, or their Fibers rather, are loaden and ob­structed with such Viscous Humors, that they are rendred unfit for Motion.
Coprocritica
are Medicines which Purge away the Excrements in the Guts.
Cor,
the Heart, is a Fleshy Fibrous Substance, made up of several Muscles and Tendons; it has two Auricles or Ears, and as many Ventricles; the Vena Cava, or Great Vein, is fastned to the right Auricle, and the Pulmonarie Vein to the left; the Pulmonarie Arterie is joyned to the Right Ven­tricle, and the great Arterie to the left. It is clothed with a little Membraneous Bag, called the Pericar­dium, wherewith it is joyned to the Mediastinum, and the Diaphragme; its Basis is upwards, and Point downwards, and is placed in the middle of the Chest, amongst the Lobes of the Lungs. Its use is onely to receive and disperse the Blood to all parts in the Body; though others place I know not what Flame, others a Ferment in its Ventricles, which are all Fables, and no way consonant to Reason, as we have sufficiently Evinced in our Tract, concerning The Circulation of the Blood.
Coracohyoides,
are Muscles which proceed from the Process of the Shoulder-bone, called Coracoi­des, and go on as far as the Bone Hiordes: their use is to move obliquely downwards.
Coracoides
is the Process of the Shoulder-blade in form of a Beek.
Cordialia
are Medicines which are commonly thought to strengthen the Heart: but they onely put the Blood into a fine gentle Fermentation, which Corroborates and Facilitates the Motion of the Heart.
Cornea oculi tunica,
which is also called Sclero­tes, and Dura, the hard Tunic, proceeds from a skin in the Brain called Dura Menix; it is pellu­cide forwardly, that it may transmit the visible Species; its sides are covered with the Albugine­ous [Page 78]tunic; inwardly it contains the Aquaeous Hu­mour.
Cornicularis processus,
see Ancyroides:
Cornua uteri,
are two lateral parts of the Womb in some Bruits, as Cows, Harts, Sheep, Goats, &c. yet some Authors have attributed the same parts to a Womans Womb, from something which imi­tates them there; for at the sides of the bottom of the Womb, there is a sort of Protuberance on both sides, where the Vasa deferentia are inserted: a Womans Womb is rarely bipartite, as it is in Bruits.
Coronalis sutura,
is a Cleft in the Head, made like a Comb, and joynes as if the Teeth of two Saws were closely compacted into one another; it is placed in the upper part of the Skull, from one Temple to another, and is circumscribed with the bones of the Forehead, and that parti­cularly called Bregma, in the middle whereof the Suture, stiled Sagitalis, is terminated.
Coronaria vasa
are the Veins and Arteries which surround the Heart, to Nourish it.
Corone
is an Acute Process of the lower Jaw­bone, from its likeness to the Beek of a Raven, called Rostriformis, in form of a Beek.
Corpus Callosum
is the Marrowie part of the Brain, whose Complication makes the foremost Ventricle of the Brain; and it is wholly Marrowie, without any Membrane, and is fastened on both sides to the little Tuffs of the Oblongated Marrow; from which, as from its rise, this Medullarie Sub­stance which overspreads the Arches of the Brain is expanded towards the hinder parts, and gradu­ally diminishes; at length the Exteriour Edge of [Page 79]this Expanded Substance is more narrowly con­tracted, and lower down is joyned to the Trunc of the Oblongated Marrow, by the connexion of Membranes and Vessels: and farther, that the Con­nexion may be firmer, there arises a Medullary Process from its former part, near its little Tufts, which subtending the opening of the Brain, goes to the very Extremities of it; with which, as with two Arms folded, it is united on both sides: which Arms embrace the Trunc of the Oblongated Mar­row, and so unite that Limbus of the Brain too more firmly to themselves.
Corpus glandulosum,
the same with Prostata.
Corpus varicosum,
see Varicosum corpus.
Corpus Pampineforme,
see Varicosum corpus.
Corpus Pyramidale,
see Varicosum corpus.
Corrosio Chymica,
is a Calcination of mixed Bo­dies by Corrosives.
Corrosivum
is a Medicine that has a power of Corroding, as Lime, Aquafortis, &c.
Corrodentia,
Corroding things, are those which eat up and consume Excrescent Flesh, with their sharp Particles.
Corticalis substantia cerebri,
is the outward Sub­stance of the Brain, full of Labyrinths, and Mean­ders in the outside; it is covered with a thin skin, it is of an Ash grislie Colour, and full of little Vessels: inwardly the Medullary Substance is next to it. Its use is to generate Animal Spirits from the Blood, and hence they are conveyed by the Medullarie Substance to the Nerves, and distribu­ted through the whole Body. Secondly, The Seat of the Memory, and Sleep is placed there.
Coryphe
is the Crown of the Head; also the [Page 80]interior Extremity of the Fingers, near the Nails.
Coryza, or gravedo,
is a defluction of a sharp, salt, and thickned Humour, into the Mouth, Lungs, and Nostrils, from the Ventricles of the Brain, by the Nerves of smelling; for when it grows thick, it can neither be Percolated by the Reins, nor pass from the Pitutarie Glandule, thorough the Infindi­bulum into the Veins, and therefore it Distills into the Nostrils by the aforesaid Nerves, which if it meet with an Accension of Sulphureous Particles, it produces a Fever, and consequently thirst. Hence comes that Coryza, either with or without a Fever.
Cosmetica
are Medicines which whiten and soften the Skin, as Oyl of Tartar, a dissolution of Subli­mated Mercury, Sulphur, Camphor, &c.
Costae, the Ribs,
are those Bones which with other parts make the Chest or Thorax: backward they are connexed with the Vertebres of the Back, forward with the Cartilages of the Breast-bone; they are Twelve in Number on both sides; the seven upper are called true, the five lower spurious, the broader part of the Ribs is called Palmula, the straiter towards the Vertebres, Remulus.
Cotyla attica,
is Nine Ounces, as an Italian He­mina; but Cotyla Italica contains Twelve.
Cotyle, the same with Acetabulum,
is the Cavitie of the Huckle-bone, which is appointed to receive the head of the Thigh-bone
Cotyledon,
the same with Cotyle.
Cotyledones, or Acetabula uterina,
are Glandules dispersed up and down the uttermost Membrane of the Faetus, called Chorion; which separate Nu­tritious [Page 81]juice from the Womb to nourish the Fae­tus; but this is found onely in some Animals: the Placenta in the Womb supplies their place in Wo­men. Also the gaping meeting of the Veins in the Womb, are called Cotylidones, and Acetabula; these Glandules are so called, from the resem­blance they bear to the Leaves of the Herb Pen­nywort, in Latin Cotyledon.
Coxae os, the Hyp-bone,
called otherwise In­nominatum, and illium coxendix, because it contains the Gut called ileum; it is annexed to the sides of the Os Sacrum; in Infants it consists of Three Bones, Ilium, Ischium, and Os pubis, which are joyned to­gether by Cartilages till Seven Years of Age, then it is distinguished by a Triple Line; it grows in­to one continued Bone in Adult persons.
Coxendix,
the same with Coxa and Ischium.
Crama, Croma, and Chrama,
is a mixture of any thing, whether Medicines or Elements.
Cranium
is the compages of the Bones of the Head, to which belong the Bones of the Fore-head, of the sides of the Head, of the hinder-part of the Head, of the Temples, the Bone called Sphenoi­des, and another called Cribriforme like a Sieve: it is like a [...] an Helmet to the Head, which defends it from External Injuries; its upper part is double: some call it Calva and Calvaria. See Calva.
Crapula
is an Head-ach proceeding from too much Wine.
Crasis, or temperamentum,
is a convenient mix­tion of qualities; temperament is either Simple, or Compound; Simple, is when onely one quality ex­ceeds the rest, as hot, cold, moist, dry, salt, sharp, [Page 82] &c. Compound, is when more qualities exceed, as hot and dry, hot and bitter, salt and sharp, acid and frigid, acid and acrimonious, and also one is inherent, which is fixed in the parts; another in­fluent, which is derived upon the parts, from the Blood and Spirits; and it is either moderate, or im­moderate; total, or partial; natural or acquired; per­manent or transitorie, to an equality in weight, or a just proportion; and so they make a great many distinctions, which signifie little or nothing.
Craticula
is a Chymical Instrument made of square pieces of Iron, as thick as ones Finger, placed so near one another in Acute Angles, that there's half a Fingers space betwixt them; it is used in making of Fires, to keep up the Coles.
Cremasteres,
are two Muscles of the Testicles, called suspensores, hangers; they grow outwardly to the Membrane of the vagina, and proceed in men from the Ligament which is in the os pubis; and are fast connexed to the lower part of the Testicles.
Cribrosum os,
see Ethmoides.
Cribrum benedictum antiquorum,
the Ancients fancied Two Cavities, placed long-ways in the Reins; one uppermost, whereinto the Serous Blood was poured from the Emulgent Arteries; another lowermost, which they fancied was distinguished with a certain Transverse Membrane full of little holes like a Sieve; whence they called it Colatorium, a Strainer, and Benedictum Cribrum, a blessed Sieve, through which they would have the Serum Per­colated into the Ureters, and the good Blood stay behind for the nourishment of the Reins.
Cricoarytaenoides
are Muscles which proceed [Page 83]from the Cartilage, called Cricoides. and are in­serted into the Arytaenoides, which whilst they draw back-ward and outwardly, the opening of the La­rynx is Dilated.
Cricoides
is the Cartilage of the Larynx Wind­pipe, which is in fashion of a Ring.
Cricothyroides
signifies a pair of Muscles, which proceed from the Cartilage like a Ring, and are terminated in that which is called Scutiformis, or like a Shield; they Dilate the opening of the Larynx by moving a little obliquely.
Crimnoides, or Crimnodes,
is Urine with thick Sediments at the bottom, like Bran.
Crisima
are Signs by which one may discern and judge.
Crisis
is a sudden Change in a Disease, either towards a Recovery, or Death. It sometimes sig­nifies a Secretion of Humors; but is more frequent­ly taken for a Judgment passed upon a Disease. One Crisis is called perfect, another imperfect; the perfect is that which frees the Patient perfectly and entirely from the Distemper; and it is either Salutary, or deadly. 1. It must be judged by ve­ry good Signs. 2. Be manifest. 3. Happen upon a Critical Day. 4. Be faithful. 5. Secure. 6. Suitable to the Disease, and the Distemper of the Patient. An imperfect Crisis, is that which does not clearly determine the Tendency of the Dis­ease, but leaves room for another Crisis: and this is Two-fold, either for the better, or for the worse: the former is that which does not quite take away the Disease, but enables the Patient to bear it bet­ter: the latter, is when the Disease becomes more violent and dangerous. That Crises depend up­on [Page 84]the Motion and Influence of the Moon, and Stars, and follow their Quadrate and opposite As­pects, or their Conjunctions, is false and frivo­lous; for Critical Evacuations are determined only according to the store and turgescencie of Adust Matter, which is Expelled the Body sooner or la­ter, according to the different Temperament of the Persons Affected: whereupon depends the variety of Critical days.
Cristae
are Excrescencies of Flesh growing about the Fundament, from a preposterous use of Coition, the Roots whereof are often Chapt, and Cleft.
Christa Galli
is the Third part of the Bone Eth­moides, or the inner Process, not much unlike the Comb of a Cock: it arises betwixt the Olfactory Nerves; and has the Extremity of the Third Ca­vity of the hard skin of the Brain, called Dura me­ninx, implanted in it.
Criterium,
the same that Crisis.
Crithe, or Hordeolum,
is a little Oblong Push, or Swelling, which grows to the Eye-brows where the Hairs are; so called from its resemblance to a Barly-corn.
Critici dies
are those whereon there happens a sudden change of a Disease, and they are Three­fold: some are called truly and perfectly Critical; others Indices; others Intercidentes. The perfectly Critical Days are called Principes, or Radicales; because that the Crisis which happen on these days have all the marks of a perfect Crisis: and these are the Seventh, the Fourteenth, and the Twenty-first Day. Indices which are called also Contemplabiles, and Internuncii, are those which [Page 85]Indicate, that the Crisis will be on the Seventh day: and these are Three: the Fourth, the Eleventh, and Seventeenth Day. Intercidentes, which are called also Intercalares, irrepentes, or provocatorii, and those which fall betwixt the days called Prin­cipes & Indices, and they onely aim at an imper­fect Crisis, and are the Third, the Fifth, the Ninth, the Thirteenth, and the Nineteenth; but all other Days which are neither Principes, nor Indices, nor Intercidentes, are called Vacui, and Medicinales, and they are the Sixth, the Eighth, the Tenth, the Twelfth, the Sixteenth, and the Eighteenth. The computation of Critical Days, is to be Instituted from that hour wherein the Patient first felt him­self ill. We may observe by the by, That the computation of Critical Days in these Countries does not exactly correspond with Hypocrates his Accounts. All these days depend upon the soo­ner or later Fermentation and Maturation of the Morbific Matter.
Critica Signa,
Critical Signs, are such as are taken from a Crisis, either towards Death, or a Recovery; and some of them are antecedent, which either fore-tell the time of a Crisis, or signifie a kind of Crisis. Others are concomitant, which ap­pear at the same time with the Crisis. And others, Lastly, are Subsequent, which shew, whether an imperfect Recovery be to be expected; or there be fear of a Relapse.
Crotaphites
are the Muscles, Veins, and Arteries about the Temples. Sometimes Crotaphium is taken for a pain in the Head.
Crotaphium,
See in Crotaphites.
Crucibulum,
a Crucible, is a Vessel for melting [Page 86]Minerals and Metals made of Earth, extraordi­narily hardned by Fire, with an Acute Basis, but a larger top, round, or triangular. There is also a sort of Crucible made, commonly called Testa, which is sufficient to melt Metals.
Cruditas morborum,
a Crudity in Diseases, is when the Blood (as in continued Fevers) is not yet duly sermented, and brought to a right con­sistence.
Cruditas Ventriculi,
a Crudity of the Stomach, is when meat out of a defect of Nourishment, or some other cause, is not rightly fermented, and turned into Chyle: and it is Threefold, Apepsia, Bradypepsia, and Dispepsia: of which in their pro­per places.
Cruor,
Blood, see Sanguis. Helmont makes a distinction betwixt Sanguis, and Cruor; the for­mer whereof, he says, Is the Blood in the Arteries; the latter, that in the Veins.
Crus, or Magnus pes,
is all that part of the Body which reaches from the Buttocks down to the end of the Toes; it is divided into the Thigh, Leg, and Foot.
Crusta lactea
is a species of Achor, a Scurf, or crustie Scab: onely with this difference, that an Achor Infects onely the Head; but this, not onely the Face, but almost the whole Body of an Infant at the time of its first Sucking. Crusta Lactea turns white, but Achors have another colour.
Crymodes
is a cold shivering Fever, but many times accompanied with an Inflamation of the inne parts.
Crysorchis
is an absconding of the Testicles in the Belly.
Crystalinus humor oculi,
called also Glacialis, the Crystaline humor of the Eye, within the opening of the Tunica Uvea, like a Glass put over a hole, collects and refringes the Rays which strike upon it from all parts; its Substance is like Glue, or the Gum of a Tree, very pellucide, and of a con­sistence like melting Wax, which though it be pressed, does not yet easily yield and separate. In Men it is shaped like a Lintel, whose outward Surface is pretty plain, but the inner gibbous and risting: this Humor, though it be not apt to spread abroad, yet is cloathed with a small Mem­brane of its own, called Aranea, by reason of its thinness, like to a Spiders Web.
Crystalloides tunica,
the same with Aranea Tu­nica.
Cubiforme,
see Cuboides.
Cubitus,
the middle part betwixt the Shoulder­bone and the Wrest; it consists of two Bones, one called Ulna, and the other Radius: the ends whereof meet indeed, but the middle parts are separate, though they be tied together a little by a Membranous Ligament.
Cuboides
is the Fourth bone in that part of the Foot which immediately succeeds the Leg, and that in both Feet. It is called also Grandinosum, and Cubiforme.
Cucupha
is a Cover for the Head, made of Odo­riferous and Cephalic Spices beat to Powder, and stitched betwixt two pieces of Silk; or else, sow­ed within a Cap, and worn upon the Head against Catarrhs, and other Diseases of the Head.
Cucurbita
is a Chymical pointed Vessel made of Earth or Glass, used in Distillations by an Alem­bic [Page 88]sometimes it is taken for Cucurbitula.
Cucurbitini lumbrici
are broad Worms, like the seed of a Gourd.
Cucurbitula, or Cucurbita,
a Cupping-glass, is a wide, hollow Vessel, made of Glass or Tin, which is applyed to the Body with Scarrification, or without it, to divert, to derive the Blood into another part, or to let it out; if it be applyed without Scarrification, it is called Cucurbita caeca & ventosa. Cupping-glasses are applied to the most fleshy parts, where the large Vessels and Nerves cannot be hurt. The drawing which is performed by these Glasses, is done thus: after the Skin is scarrified, the Air in the Cupping-glasses is rarified, and dilated by the flame of the Towe that is fired within it, which after it is cooled and condensed, takes up less room than before; so that the External Air pressing upon the Flesh without, forces the Blood into the Glass. There are two sorts of Cupping-glasses, says Celsus, one of Brass, and the other of Horn: the former is open on one part, and shut on the other; the lat­ter is equally open on one part, on the other has a little hole: burning Towe is thrown into the Brazen one, and so its mouth is applyed, and forced upon the Body till it stick. That of Horn, is applyed singly by it self, and by a violent suck­ing at the little hole, which must presently be stopt up close with Wax, it sticks as fast as the other: but if other things fail, then a little Cup or Goblet with a strait mouth may be very fitly applyed to the same Effect; after it has stuck, if the Skin be scarrified before with a Pen-knife, it draws out the Blood; if it be whole and entire, it [Page 89]draws out the Flatulent Matter; therefore where the matter within is hurtful and offensive, it must be applyed the former way; where there's an Inflamation, the latter. The Aegyptians at this day use those of Horn; as appear from Prosper Alpinus.
Cuneiforme os
is so called from the resemblance they say it has to a Wedge; in Latin Cuneus; the Ancients called it Multiforme, of many Shapes, by reason of the various Processes inside and out­side, which render it rough and unequal: it is situ­ate in the midst of the Basis of the Brain, and is placed under it like a Basis, so that it touches up­on most of the Bones of the Head, and the upper Jaw.
Cuneiformia ossa,
are those bones which make the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh bone of that part of the Foot which immediately succeeds the Leg: which Fallopius calls Sphenoidea, Innominata, and Calco­idea.
Cunnus
is a Womans Privie Parts, consisting of a Clytoris, Nymphae, &c.
Curatio
is a right way or method of finding out by Symptoms and Indications, proper Reme­dies for any Disease, in order to the Recovery of Health.
Curativa indicatio,
is an Indication which respects the Disease to be cured.
Curculio,
the same with Cion.
Cuticula
the little thin skin, is a cover of the skin without sense, extended outwardly over the whole skin like a Membrane, full of Innumerable small Pores, accommodated to the avoiding of injuries from abroad, to the shutting up of the [Page 90]Cutaneus Vessels, and to the more Acurate Per­fecting of Tactile Qualities: It is nourished by the Blood; for if it be lost or perished, it comes again, though its Vessels be but little conspicuous. It is not condensed by Cold; for I have often shown it in Abortions; nor is it condensed by Oily Va­pours, because that condensed Vapours easily slide off again.
Cutis
is the skin in a living Man: but Pellis, is that which is flead off, and it is the outermost cover of the whole Body, or a pretty thick Mem­brane wrought of several Filaments of the Veins and Arteries, Nerves, and Nervous Fibres, Com­plicated and Interwoven with one another, full of Glandules, and Limpheducts, or Vessels that con­vey away the Vapours and Swet, abounding with a great number of Pores here and there, and sen­sibly Perforated in many places to let in and out, as occasion requires, as at the Mouth, Nostrils, Eyes, Ears, Privities, Fundament, &c. it is thickest of all upon the Head; moderately hard in the Neck and Back; finer in the Face, Yard, and outer skin of the Cod; thin on the sides; thinnest of all on the Lips; in some places, as the Elbow, Fore­head, soles of the Feet, &c. it sticks very close together.
Cyathus,
we English it properly a Beeker, is a Measure of Dry things as well as Liquids; not as some think, a common sort of Cup; but the Eighth part of a Sextarie.
Cyclisci,
are Surgeons Tools wherewith they scrape away Corrupt Flesh, or the like; made in the form of an Half Moon.
Cyema,
the same with Embrion.
Cylindrus
is a Plaister made oblong; which Physicians call Magdaleo.
Cyllosis,
see in Cyllum.
Cyllum
signifies a Leg put out of joynt out­wardly. Also one Lame and Crooked.
Cymbiforme os.
see os Naviculare.
Cynanche and Lycanche,
so called, because it is frequently incident to Dogs and Wolves, is an Inflamation of the inner Muscles of the Larynx, accompanied with a difficulty of breathing, and a continual Fever.
Cynantropia
is Madness given by a Dog, where­in the Patient flies light, and any thing that is bright and splendid; fears Water, and trembles at the sight and remembrance of it; it proceeds usually from a poysonous bite, or the like, of some mad Creature, as a Dog, a Wolf, &c.
Cynodes orexis,
is a Canine Appetite, or an Ex­treme hunger joyned with Vomiting, or a Loose­ness: it arises from too much, or a too acid Ferment in the Stomach.
Cynodesmus
is the band which ties the little skin of the Yard to the Nut.
Cynodontes
are those Teeth betwixt the Axel Teeth and the Grinders, called Canini, Columel­lares, and Oculares, Eye-Teeth, as we say.
Cyphosis
is the bending of the Vertibres of the Back towards the Back parts.
Cyrtoma
is a bunch on the Back, or a Tumor in any other part.
Cyrtosis,
the same with Cyrtoma.
Cyssaros
is the Gut called Rectum, the lower­most of all: Also the Fundament.
Cystica
are Medicines used against Distempers in the Bladder.
Cystis
is the Bladder that holds the Urine, or the Gall.
Cystis choledochus,
the same with Folliculus fal­lis.
D.
DAcryodes
are Ulcers which continually send forth Matter.
Danich,
the same with Lupinus.
Darsis
is an Excoriation of the Skin.
Dartus
is the second Tunic of the common Cotes which mediately cover the Testicles of a Man: it arises from the Fleshie Membrane; but in Wo­men the Testicles are immediately covered with the Cote of the Peritonaeum.
Dasymma
is a Superficiarie in equalitie of the inner part of the Eye-lids, accompanied with a redness.
Debilitas
is a weakness proceeding from Swound­ing, Fainting, Hunger, Disease, or otherways.
Declinatio morbi,
the declension of a Disease is when it recedes from its height, and the Patient is beyond danger: for none dyes in the declension of a Disease but accidentally. See Acme.
Decoctum,
see Apozema.
Decussis,
the same with Denarius.
Decussorium
is a Chyrurgeons Instrument where­with the Dura Mater being highly pressed, is acu­rately adjoyned to the Scull, that the puss or snot­tie Matter gathered betwixt the Scull and the Skin called Dura Menix, or Mater, may be Evacuated by a hole made with a Chyrurgeon's instrument called Trepanum.
Defectio animi,
see Lypothomia.
Deflagratio febrium,
see Apyrexia.
Defluvium capillorum,
see Alopecia.
Deflexus,
the same with Catarrbus.
Deglutio,
swallowing, is an Animal Action where­by Meat chawed in the Mouth, or any thing more Liquid, descends into the Stomach by the con­traction of the Fibers of the Gullet.
Delirium
is a Depravation of the imagination and judgment, arising from a Tumultuary and disorderly motion of the Animal Spirits; where­upon the Persons Affected speak several absurd and incongruous things, the antecedent cause where­of lies either in the Blood, or in the Animal Spi­rits; there are several species of it: some who speak little, some who dote in their talk; and not onely think, but speak things ridiculous, strange, magnificent, and malicious; others again really execute what they think, and that either with laughter, or in great earnest: but all these orders of doting people, are reduced to certain destincti­ons.
Dejectio
is an Evacuation of the Excrements by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts.
Deleterium
is any Poysonous Medicine.
Deligatio
is a part of Chyrurgery that concerns the binding up of Wounds, Ulcers, broken Bones, &c. and it is either Simple or Compound. The Simple is either equal or unequal: the equal is onely round, which swathes the affected Member without any Declention to either side: the une­qual is divided into Ascia and Sima, which at least differ upon the account of one being greater, and the other less; Ascia declines little from a round, [Page 94]but Sima much. There are a great many distincti­ons of Swathing, taken from the likeness of the parts which are swathed, or from certain Animals and other things.
Deliquium animi,
the same with Eclipsis.
Deliquium chymicum,
is a Distillation by the force of Fire: or a melting of the Calx which is suspended in moist Cells, and a Resolution of it into a Lixivious Humour.
Deltoides
is a Triangular Muscle, like the Greek Δ, it proceeds from the Channel Bone, from the upper Process of the Shoulder-blade, and from the Process of the same, which is called Spiniforme, or like a Thorn; and being fastned to the middle strong Tendon of the Shoulder, lifts up the Shoulder it self.
Denarius
is the Seventh part of an Ounce.
Dentarpaga,
see Forfex.
Dentes the Teeth,
are little bones of both Jaws fastned one within another like so many Nails. Men are said to have Thirty, and Women Twen­ty eight; as far as they appear above the Gums there's no Membrane about them; they grow continually, otherwise they would be worn out by daily grinding, they are not onely provided with Veins and Arteries, but with Nerves too; as the great pains which they are subject to, ma­nifestly evince.
Dentiducum,
see Forfex.
Dentifricium
is a Medicine for whitening, scou­ring, and fastning the Teeth, and for strengthning the Gums.
Dentitio
is the time that Children breed Teeth, which is about the seventh Month, or later; and [Page 95]usually the upper Teeth come first, in some the under; and amongst these, the fore-teeth first: many times Fevers, Convulsions, Loosnesses, &c. attend Children in the time of breeding Teeth.
Derivatio
is a means whereby blood that flows towards one part, but is not fixed there, is drawn away by a neighbouring part.
Derma,
the same with Cutis.
Descensum, or per descensum destillare;
See De­licquium.
Desiccatio
is an Evaporation of superfluous moist­ness by heat.
Destillatio
is an Extraction of the moist or unctuous parts, which are rarified into Mist, or Smoak as it were, by the force of Fire. Distilla­tion is performed by a Bladder, by the Chymi­cal Instrument called Cucurbita, (before described) by a Retort, by Deliquium, by Filtre, by Descent; &c. and that either in Balneo Mariae, Sand, Va­pours, Dung, the Sun, a Reverberatorie, &c.
Detergentia,
see Abstergentia.
Deuteropathia
is a Disease that proceeds from another Disease; for Example, If the Head-ach from the Distemper of another part, the Morbi­fic Matter being translated thither from its for­mer Repositorie.
Diabetes,
so Galen calls it, and Agineta dipsacus, from the great Thirst that attends it: and as others will have it, from a certain sort of Serpent called Dipsacus, found especially in Lybia, which Poysons with its bite, and brings an unquencha­ble Thirst upon the person Affected. It is a rare Distemper, which Galen says, he has seen but twice. The Famous Doctor J. Van Dueren, and I, obser­ved [Page 96]it once in a Reverend Pastor of the Church; and it is too great a Fusion of the Blood, where­upon the Serum, joyned with a violent Thirst, passes the Reins, and is Excerned in great quan­tity by the passages of the Urine; it proceeds ordinarily from a too much exalted, or a too Acid Ferment in the Reins.
Diabrosis
is a solution of the Continuum, by eat­ing out of parts.
Diaclisma
is a washing of the Mouth to cleanse it, or to strengthen the Teeth or Gums; the Washes are made of several Astringents, as of the Herbs Britannica, Tormentil, bark of Pomgranates, Galls, Allum, Flowres, or Blossoms of wild Pomgra­nates, &c.
Diacopraegia
is a Medicine made of Goats-dung, against Tumors in the Spleen, and Glandules be­hind the Ears, called Parotides.
Diacrisis
is a distinction and dijudication of Dis­eases and Symptomes.
Diacritica,
see Diacrisis.
Diadoche
is a succeeding by a Crisis.
Diadosis
is a distribution of Nourishment through all the parts.
Diaeresis
is an Eating out, or consuming of Ves­sels, as Senertus says, when from some cutting corroding Cause, some ways and passages are made which naturally ought not to have been; or when some which really are, yet are dilated more than ordinary, so that the Humours which ought to have been contained in the Vessels, run out. For first, a Diaeresis may be occasioned by sharp Humors which dissolve the Unity, and cut away; which likewise sharp Medicines will do, if they [Page 97]consist of thick parts; for those of Minute parts are not Corrosive, because they stick not long enough. Again, plenty of Humours may occasi­on a Diaeresis, by distending and bursting the parts. Thirdly, There are several evident causes of a Diaeresis; to wit, all those which by Contusion and Stretching, do break the Unity of the Vessels; such as are Vehement Motion, Noise, great Weight, things that Wound, that Bruise, a Fall, a Leap, and the like; amongst which, you may reckon Wind, which being long pent up, does sometimes so for­cibly distend the parts of the Body, that it does not onely Dilate the natural Cavities which con­tain it, but make new, when it breaks our, and dissolves the Unity of the parts also; a Chyrur­gical Operation, which either by Incision, Burn­ing, Perforating, Shaving, Filing, Sawing, or Eating, solves the Continuity of parts.
Diaeta, Diet,
is a method in sound Persons of living moderately; in Sick, a Remedy consisting in the right use of things necessary to life; and upon that account is either of a thick, moderate, or thin consistence: the first is done by a good quantity of firm solid Meats, and such as afford good nourishment; this sort of Diet is called sim­ply full, and was formerly made of whole Barley­corns husked and boyled, like Furmety: or it is more full and thick, which is done by Pullets flesh, and poched Eggs: or it is most full, which allows of eating of things Gelt: that of a moderate con­sistence, is which consists of Meats of a moderate quantity and substance; this was formerly done by Bread sopt in Pottage, or with young tender Flesh: that of a thin consistence is, which is done [Page 98]by little Nourishment, and that thin and weak; which for the most part is agreeable in sharp Dis­eases: and this is Threefold, either simply weak, which was formerly done by the juice of Ptisane: or more weak, when the Patient drunk Water and Honey boiled together: or weakest of all, when the Patient took no meat; but now-adays Diets are not so strictly observed as formerly; especi­ally in these Countries.
Diaetetica
is a part of Physick that prescribes the use and knowledge of Six things which are not Natural.
Diagnosis
is the Knowledge of present signs: or a knowledge whereby we understand the pre­sent condition of a Distemper; and it is Three­fold, either a right instigation of the part Affected, of the disease it self, or of its Cause.
Dialeimma,
the same with Apyrexia.
Diapasma,
according to Pliny, is a dry Medi­cine, made up of dry Powders, to be sprinkled upon something; as either upon Clothes to Per­tume them, or upon Ulcers, and Wounds, several ways; or upon Drink, to make it more Delicious.
Diapedesis
is an Eruption of the Blood, by rea­son of the thinness of the Vessels.
Diaphanum
is that which is Transparent, as the Humors of the Eyes, the Tunica Cornea, &c.
Diaphoresis, Sweating,
is a Perspiration of all manner of Effluvia through the invisible pores of the Body.
Diaphragma, or Septum Transversum, and Dis­septum,
is a Transverse Muscle which separates the Thorax or Chest from the Abdomen; in the mid­dle it is Membranous; the Gullet, the great Ar­terie, [Page 99]and the great hollow Vein, all pass through it: it conduces to respiration with other Muscles, and pressing upon the Guts, helps forward the Secretion of the Excrements.
Diaphrattontes
are Membranes called Pleura, which cover the inside of the Thorax, and leave a kind of partition in the middle, called Mediasti­num.
Diaphthora
is a Corruption of any part of the Body.
Diaplasis
is the setting of a Limb out of joynt.
Diaplasma
is an Ointment or Fomentation.
Diapnoe,
the same with Diaphoresis.
Diapyema,
the same with Empyema.
Diapyetica
are Medicines which ripen the Pus, or Crass snotty Matter.
Diaria febris,
the same that Ephemera.
Diarrbaea
is a looseness in the Belly which Ejects several Bilious, Pituitous, and other faeculent Ex­crements.
Diarthrosis
is a good constitution of the Bones, whereby they are apt to move easily and strong­ly; such as is in the Arm, Hands, Thigh, Foot, &c.
Diastole
is the Dilatation of the Heart, when the Blood flows into it, from the place where it is accended, the Lungs.
Diateretica
is part of the art of preserving Health, which is various according to the Age and Constitution of Men.
Diathesis
is the Natural or Praeternatural Dis­position of the Body, whereby we are inclined to perform all Natural Actions, ill or well.
Dichophyia
is a fault in the Hair, when it parts.
Dicrotus
is a Pulse that beats twice.
Didymi
are twins.
Dies Critici,
see Critici dies.
Digastricus
is a double-bellied Muscle, which arises from the Process called mammiformis, or like a Teat, and ends in the inner middle part of the Chin, and draws it downwards.
Digerentia, or praeparantia,
are those things which change the qualities of fermenting Heat, which resist Action.
Digestio Chymica,
a Chymical Digestion, is when things are Digested by an Artificial heat, just as they are naturally in the Stomach.
Digestiva,
see Digerentia.
Dilatatio
is when any Passages or Receptacles in the Body are too much distended, as in Veins that swell with Melancholy, corrupt Blood in the Temples, Legs, &c.
Dilatatorium
is a Chyrurgeons Instrument wherewith the Womb or the Mouth is dilated or opened. It is called likewise Speculum, because by it one may see into the Mouth, or Womb.
Dilutum,
the same with infusio.
Dinus
the same with Vertigo.
Diota
is a Vessel that surrounds a thing; so cal­led from its Two Ears, which Environ both Arms, applyed to its sides: its Inferior part is made like a Cupping-glass, upon which an Alembic is put, wherein there is a Channel at the top which serves to pour Liquor in and it has besides two crooked Noses conveniently placed, which convey the Condensed Humor from the Head of the In­strument into the Cucurbite.
Dioptra
is an Instrument whereby one may see [Page 101]into the Matrix, otherwise called Dilatatorium, wherewith the Womb is dilated and enlarged in the extraction of a dead Faetus out of it, or in in­specting any Ulcers that are in it.
Diplasiasmus
is a Reduplication of Diseases: also Two Muscles of the Arm, which serve to turn it about.
Diploe
is the lower thin plate or shell of the Scull: also a double Vessel usual with Chymists.
Diploma,
the same with Diploe: sometimes it is taken for a complicated or folded cloth.
Dipsacus,
the same with Diabetes.
Dislocatio,
the same with Luxatio.
Dispensatorium,
a Dispensatorie, is a Book useful for Apothecaries, wherein all Medicines, at least the most usual, are contained, and prescribed; that they may be prepared in the Shops all the Year round.
Dispositio
is an Habit whereby we are well or ill disposed to perform an Action.
Dissimilares partes,
Dissimilar parts, are such as can be divided into various parts different from one another; as the hand into Veins, Muscles, Bones, &c.
Dissolutio
is when Electuaries and Powders are mingled and dissolved in water or a decoction.
Distentio
is when parts are puffed up, dilated, or relaxed by any thing, as the Guts by Wind, rai­sed from Effervencies within them, whence Op­pressions and Pains frequently proceed.
Distorsio
is when parts are ill placed, or ill figu­red.
Distributio Chyli,
the Chyle is distributed when after a due fermentation in the Ventricle and the [Page 102]Guts, it soaks into the little Teats in the Intestines (which Dr. Willis calls the Glandulous Tunic) and passing through the Lacteal Veins, and its proper Channel along the side of the Thorax, at last falls into the Subclavian Vein, that it may Circulate with the Blood, and receive its Co­lour.
Districheasis
is a double row of Hair on the Eye-lids.
Dieuresis,
is a Secretion of the Urine by the Reins; which is done after this manner: there are little Glandules placed near the Emulgent Arteries, wherewith the Serum is separated from the Blood, and is conveyed by little Channels (of which the substance of the Reins does principally consist) to the Carunculae Papillares, little Pappie pieces of Flesh, thence to the Pelvis, the Basin, thence to the Ureters, thence to the Bladder, and so out of Dores.
Diuretica,
are those Medicines which by parting, dissolving, and funding the Blood, do precipitate the Serum by the Reins to the Bladder.
Dodecadactylum
is the first of the small Guts, beginning from the Pylorous of the Stomach, and ending where the Gut jejunum begins: it is so called, as if it were the length of Twelve Fingers, which yet is never observed in any men amongst us; perhaps the Ancients mistook from inspect­ing the Guts of some Brutes.
Dogmatica Medicina,
or rational: Hippocrates was its first Author, and after him Galen; who both added reason to experience.
Dolor,
Pain, the same with Algema.
Dolor Nephriticus,
the same that Nephritis.
Dorsum, or Tergum,
the back, is the hinder part of the Thorax; The Dorsum, back, of the Hand or Foot, is their out-side.
Dosis
is a set quantity of Physick, or as much as is given at once.
Dothien
is an hard swelling, or push, as big as a Pigeons Egg, accompanied with a grievous Pain, and proceeding from thick Blood.
Dracunculus
is a Ulcer which eats through a Nerve it self: also, a long sort of Earth worm, white, plain, but not very broad; which frequent­ly grows to Indians Legs.
Drachma,
a Dram, is the Eighth part of an Ounce, it contains three Scruples.
Drastica
are the most ready Medicines.
Dropacismus
is that wherewith all the External Members being extenuated, loosened, cold and moist, are anointed; and it is either Simple or Com­pound: the Simple is made of a little Pitch melted with Oyl: The Compound, besides that, has Pepper, wild Pellitory, Brimstone, and Rosemary-seed in it; and if there be occasion for drying, they add Natural Brimstone, as it is digged out of the Earth, Salt, and the Ashes of Vine-branches: but if it be to Vellicate, then you must add Euphorbium, (a Tree first found by King Juba) it is made up in different Forms; sometimes like an Emplastrum, other times like a Cataplasme.
Dropax,
the same that Dropacismus.
Ductus bilarius,
see Porus bilarius.
Ductus Chyliferus
is a Vessel, in the lower part whereof, all the Lacteal Veins, and many Lym­pheducts are terminated: it arises about the Glan­dule of the Kidney on the left side; and ascending [Page 104]along the Thorax near the great Arterie, ends at the Subclavian Vein on the left side; it is furnish­ed with several Valves, that the Matter which as­cends by it, may not fall down again: betwixt the Fourth and Sixth Vertebre it is variously for­ked as Nature has been pleased to sport. Its use is to convey the Chyle and the Lympha from the lower parts to the Heart.
Ductus pancreaticus,
is a little Channel which ari­ses from the Pancreas or Sweet-bread, which is inserted into the Guts near, or not far off the passage which conveys the Bile; it runs with a Lymphatic juice, which it discharges into the Gut Duodenum, to ferment and volatise the Meat from the Acid ferment of the Stomach, and the mix­ture of Gall: The Learned Dr. Graaf knew how to get a juice out of it, that was something Acid; though other Physicians doubt of it, and of cer­tain Diseases which the Excellent Sylvius Attri­butes to the Effervescence of this Acid Pancrea­tic juice, with the Gall in the Duodenum. But we Affirm, That there is sometimes an Acid juice found in it, and often a salt and austere; but fre­quently an insipid volatile Liquor. See my An­tomie Reformed. Chap. 11. l. 1.
Ductus Roriferus,
so the Noble Bilsius calls it; the same with Ductus Chyliferus.
Ductus Salivares, or Salivarii,
are passages which proceeding from the Maxilarie Glandules, goes as far as the Jaws and sides of the Tongue, where they emit the juice we call Spittle, which con­duces to the better chewing and swallowing of solid Meat, and something to its Fermentation too.
Ductus Thoracicus,
see Ductus Chyliferus.
Ductus Umbilicalis,
see Funiculus.
Duodenum intestinum,
the same with Dodeca­dactylon.
Dura Mater,
see Mater Dura.
Dysaesthesia
is a difficulty of, or fault in sensati­on.
Dyscrasia
is an unequal mixture of Elements in the Blood, or Nervous Juice.
Dyselces
is one who is troubled with Ulcers that are very hard to be Cured.
Dysenteria
is a Loosness, accompanied with Gripings in the Belly, wherein bloody and pu­rulent Excrements, and Membraneous pieces of the Intestines too are Excerned, always or ve­ry frequently attended with a continual Fever, and a Drought.
Dysepulatica
are great Ulcers, beyond Cure.
Dysodes
is any thing that swells ill, as Excre­ments.
Dysorexia
is want of Appetite, proceeding from an ill disposition of the Stomach.
Dyspathia
is an Impatient Temper.
Dyspepsia
is a difficulty of Digestion, or Fer­mentation in the Stomach and Guts, whereupon the Nourishment is often turned into Acidity, and smells ill.
Dysphonia
is a difficulty of Speech, from an ill disposition of the Organs.
Dysphoria
is an Impatience in Suffering.
Dyspnaea
is a difficulty of Breathing, which pro­ceeds from vitiated, obstructed, or irritated Or­gans.
Dystherapeuta,
are Diseases of difficult Cure.
Dysthimia
is a sickness of the Mind.
Dystichia
is a double row of Hair on the Eye­lids.
Dysthriachisis
is a continual defluction of Tears, from the pricking of Hairs in the Eye-lids, which grow under the Natural Hairs.
Dystocia
is a difficulty of bringing forth; or a preternatural Birth; as when the Faetus comes forth Obliquely, Transverse, or with its Feet fore­most; or when the Passages are straitned by In­flamation, or otherwise; or when the Faetus is ve­ry large, weak, fat, or dead.
Dystrichiasis
is when the Hairs grow inverse.
Dysuria
is a difficulty of Urine, proceeding from an ill disposition of the Organs, or from an Ob­struction of them by the Stone, Gravel, or Vis­cous Clammy Humours, accompanied with an heat of the Urine.
E.
ECbolica
are Medicines which help the Delive­ry in hard Labour. Also Medicines which cause Abortions.
Eccathartica,
see Cartharticum.
Ecchyloma,
the same with Extractum.
Ecchymoma
signifies Marks, and Spots in the Skin, from the Extravasation of Blood.
Ecchymosis,
the same with Ecchymoma.
Eccope,
the same with Extirpatio.
Ecchoprotica,
the same with Catharticum.
Eccrimocritica
are signs from particular Ex­cretions.
Eccrisis
is a Secresion of Excrements.
Eclegma, or Linctus,
which the Arabians call Loch, and Lohoch; others Illinctus, is a Medicine applyed inwardly, of a middle consistence, be­tween a Syrup and an Opiate, made up of seve­ral Pectorals against the Distempers of the Throat, and the Lungs.
Eclipsis
is a Defection of Spirit.
Eclysis
is when the strength is a little decayed, proceeding from a want of sufficient warmth, and spirits in the Body.
Ecphracticum
is a Medicine good against Ob­structions.
Ecphraxis
is a taking away of Obstructions in any part, by opening cutting Medicines.
Ecphysesis
is a breathing thick.
Ecphysis
is a Process that coheres with the Bone.
Ecpiesma
is a juice squeezed out: also dregs which remain of any thing that is squeezed: likewise a fracture of the Scull, wherein the bro­ken parts press upon the Meninges or Skins of the Brain.
Ecpiesmus
is a very great Protuberance of the Eyes.
Ecplexis
is a fright or Stupor.
Ecpneumatosis,
see Exspiratio.
Ecptosis,
the same that Luxatio.
Ecpuctica
are condensing Medicines, see Incras­santia.
Ecpyema,
the same with Empyema.
Ecpyesis,
see Ecpyema.
Ecrythmus
is a Pulse which observes no me­thod, nor Number incident to any age.
Ecstasis,
an Ecstasie, is a commotion of the Mind: also a dimotion of any thing from the state wherein it was, into another.
Ecthlimma
is an Ulceration arising from a vio­lent compression in the Surface of the Skin.
Ecthymata
are Pimples, or certain breakings out in the Skin, as the small Pox, &c.
Ecthymosis
is a Commotion and Intumescencie of the Blood: also a chearfulness of mind.
Ectillotica
are Medicines which consume Callous parts, and pull out hairs.
Ectropium
is a growing of the Eye-lids, when the lower is shorter than the upper.
Eczemata
are red hot, and burning Pimples; some take Hydroa for Eczema, but 'tis a mistake.
Effervescentia
is an Intestine Motion of Particles of different nature and qualities, tending to sud­den Destruction; sometimes attending with heat, and a flame, as in unquenched Lime, Hay laid up moist, Chymical mixtures, &c.
Egestio,
the same with Dejectio.
Elastica vis,
is an Explosion of Animal Spirits, as is frequent in Cramps, Convulsions: also an In­testine Commotion of the Air.
Elaterium
is the Juice of wild Cucumbers made up in a thick and hard consistence: also any Me­dicine that purges the Belly.
Elctica,
see Attrahentia.
Elcus,
see Helcus.
Electuarium
is a Confection of Simple Ingredi­ents, Paps or Pithes, Gums mixed with Syrup, or Honey, of a Consistence like a Conserve; and it is either Simple, or Compound; the Simple consists onely of the Pith of Cassia, Tamarinds, or Pruines; but the Compound, for the most part of several Simple Ingredients, Pulps, condensated Juices, Gumms, &c. made up with Honey or Sy­rup. [Page 109] Electuaries are Digestive, Loosning, Purg­ing, Strengthning, Alexipharmic, &c.
Elementa, or Principia,
are the Simplest Bodies that can be, which are neither made of one ano­ther, nor of any thing else, of which all things are made, and into which they are ultimately re­solved. There are Five Elements, Spirit, Salt, Sulphur, Water, and Earth; the two last whereof are called Passive, the rest Active. Others reckon Three only, Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury; but not so well. The Peripateticks reckon Four, Fire, Air, Water, and Earth. Cartesius supposes a First Matter, a Second, and a Third; but all those Elements are compounded of others; wherefore to say, that any thing consists thereof, is as if one should say, That a Tree is compounded of a Root, Trunc, Branches, Leaves, Flowers, &c.
Eleosaccharum,
is nothing but Distilled Oyl, mix­ed with Sugar.
Elephantiasis Arabum,
of which the Greeks speak nothing, but the Arabians do frequently, is a kin to a varix, or crooked swelling in the Veins; and proceeds from thence, and is only a Tumor in the Feet. Avicenna Treats of this Distemper, where he speaks of the varices: yet Rhases differs from him, and Haly Abbas follows the Greeks; who says, That an Elephas is a Disease, which corrupts all the Members of the Body, and is as it were an Universal Cancre: but neither is he consistent with himself when he Writes, That Ulcers in the Legs and Feet are called Elephas; and that Elephanti­cus Morbus is an Aposthume proceeding from Me­lancholy, in the Legs and Feet: and a sign of it, is that the shape of the Foot is like the figure of an [Page 110]Elephant. All the rest Treat separately of a Le­prosy, and an Elephantia, and make the latter to be a swelling of the Feet, proceeding from Me­lancholy and Pituitous Blood, and the crooked swelling of the Veins, whereby the Feet resemble the Feet of an Elephant in shape and thickness, and this sort of Tumor is often seen in Beggars who wander much.
Elephantiasis Grecorum,
which the Arabians call a Leprosie: it is called also Elephas, Elephantiasis, and Elephantia, from an Elephant; as some think, because it makes People big like an Elephant: which is a foolish notation of the Word; for the Body is no bigger, though the Disease be. Others think it so called, because the Distemper lying in the Legs, makes them stiff and equal, like an Elephant: or because 'tis a strong vehement Dis­ease like an Elephant; with such like stuff. Ga­len in his Fourteenth Chapter of Tumors says, That this Disease is called Saturiasmus, when it first be­gins, because it makes the face like that of a Satyr. For the Lips are thick, the Nose swells, the Ears de­cays, the Jaws are red, the Forehead is set with Tu­mours, like so many horns. Though others think it is called Saturiasmus, because the Persons Affected are much inclined to Leachery at the beginning, as Satyrs are. Celsus Describes it thus, The whole Body, says he, is so affected, that the very bones may be said to be Corrupted: the upper parts of the Body are full of Spots and Tumours, the Redness whereof is gradually turned into Black: the top of the Skin is unequally Thick, Thin, Hard, Soft, Rough, as if it had Scales on it; the Body decays, the Bone, Calves of the Legs, and Feet swell: when the Disease is old and [Page 111]inveterate, the Toes and Fingers are hid in the swel­ling, and a small Fever arises which easily consumes a man loaden with so many Infirmities.
Elevator,
the same with Elevatorium.
Elevatorium,
so called from lifting up, is a Chy­rurgions Instrument wherewith Sculls that are de­pressed are raised up again.
Elixir,
so called from the Arabic Word Elec­schir, or Elieschir, or Eleschus; is the Essence of any thing Extracted with the Spirit of Wine, or some­thing of that Nature; it is the same that a Tin­cture.
Elminthes
are little Worms bred in the Guts; especially that called Rectum, the lowermost.
Elodes
is a continual Fever, wherein the Patients are almost melted through moisture.
Elythroides, or Vaginalis,
is the second proper Tunic which mediately involves the Testicles.
Embrocatio,
the same that Embroche.
Embrocha,
the same that Embroche.
Embroche,
an irregulation, or instillation, is a sort of Fomentation, when a Liquor is distilled from on high, like Rain, upon a part, which is ei­ther done by a Vessel with a Nose that inclines, or by distillation, or out of an Ewer. First, it is used in Distempers of the Brain, where the Liquor is first poured upon the Suturs called Coronalis, and is permitted to run by that called Sagittalis. Se­condly, it is applyed to the top of the Spinal Marrow, in Diseases of the Nerves, and is permit­ted to run down the whole ridge of the Back. Thirdly, it is used to warm or dry the Ventricle, and the Liquor is suffered to run through the whole Abdomen; and if the Bowels be weak, they ap­ply [Page 112]a Sear-cloth of Santalum (some English it Sanders) to the Liver, when they apprehend it may be over-heated. The matter whereof these Embroches are made in common Bathe water, a Decoction, Milk, and Oyl, according as the Di­stemper of the part, and necessity require.
Embryon
is the Rudiment of a Child in the Womb.
Embryatomia
is an Anatomical Dissection of a Faetus.
Emetica or Vomitoria,
are Medicines which with their Pungent Particles contract the Fibres of the Stomach upwards, and so Eject at the Mouth whatsoever is offensive to the Stomach; they are made of Decoctions, Tinctures, and In­fusions, &c. and therefore for the most part are Liquid.
Emetologia
is a description of things that pro­voke Vomiting.
Emmenagoga
are Medicines which excite the Courses.
Emmoton
is a Liquid Medicine, which is injected into Ulcers, with a little Instrument which they use in Wounds, fashioned like a Man's Yard.
Emollientia,
softning things, are such as with a moderate heat and moisture, dissolve the parts, which before cohered close, and dissipating others, make them loose and soft.
Empasma,
the same with Catapasma.
Emphraxis
is Obstruction in any part.
Emphractica,
the same with Emplattomena.
Emphysema
is an Inflamation, proceeding from an Effervencie, or otherwise.
Emphyton Thermon,
is the innate heat, or heat [Page 113]first sown in the Faetus from the Parents Seed, which afterwards, when Respiration is begun, and the Faetus subsists of it self, decays by degrees. Both Philosophers and Physitians call this heat an innate and native Spirit, and say that it con­sists of Three parts, of a primogenial moisture, an innate Spirit and Heat. Whence Fernelius defines innate heat, to be a primogenial moisture every way qualified with an innate spirit and heat: but these toys of the Ancients are nothing to us; for 'tis cer­tain, that Heat belongs onely to new-born creatures.
Empirica Medicina,
quacking, is Curing the Sick by guess, without reason. Acron Agrigenti­nus was the first Author of it, who neglecting the reasons of things, contented himself with bare Experience. Quacks first flourished amongst the Aegyptians; from this Trade came Mountebanks.
Emplastica,
the same with Emplattomena.
Emplastrum a Plaister,
is a Medicine applyed outwardly to the skin, spread upon Linnen, or Leather; it is commonly made of Oyls, or of those things which are of a like consistence with Oyl; as Swines-grease, Butter, Slimie viscous ex­tractions from Gums, Roots, &c. also of Powders and Wax, or those things which are of a like con­sistence with Wax; as Rosin, Pitch, Gum, &c. the Mass whereof being yet hot, is formed into a Cylindriacal Figure.
Emplattomena, or Emplastica,
are Salves which so constipate and shut up the pores of the Body, that Sulphureous Vapours cannot pass.
Empneumatosis
is an alternate dilatation of the Chest, whereby the Nitrous Air is continually breathed in, and by the Wind-pipe, and its Bladdery [Page 114]parts is communicated to the Blood to accend it: but if we inspect the matter narrowly, Inspirati­on does not seem to depend principally upon the Thorax, but upon the contraction of the Membrane which covers the Wind-pipe, the upper part of the Gullet, and the Nostrils; for take this away, and you take away the motion of the Chest, the Lungs, and the Abdomen.
Emprosthotonos
is the continual Contraction of the Muscles of the Neck towards the fore-parts.
Empyema,
properly so called, is a Collection of Pu­rulent Matter in the Cavity of the Thorax; but largely taken, signifies the same in the Abdomen too.
Empyreumata
are little Feverish remains after a Crisis: also that thick Viscous Matter which sub­sides to the bottom in Distilled Waters.
Emulgentia vasa
are the Arteries and Veins which pass under the Reins.
Emulsio,
an Emulsion is a Medicine to be Drunk, made of the Kernel of some Seeds, infused in a convenient Liquor.
Emuncteria
are Cavities into which something is emptied, as the Pituitous Humour of the Brain into the Nostrils; the yellow thickish Humour, which we call Ear-wax, into the Ears, the Excrements in­to the Bowels; the Urine into the Bladder, &c.
Enarthrosis
is joynting, when the Cavitie that receives is deep, and the head of the bone that's inserted is Oblong; as may be seen in the Huccle­bone, and its Cavitie; in the principal Bone of that part of the Foot which immediatly succeeds the Leg, with the Bone call'd Cymbiforme, or like a Boat.
Enaemen
is a Medicine which stops the Blood, or which by binding, cooling, or drying, closes the pas­sages [Page 115]of the Vessels which were open, stops or dimi­nishes the fluidity and violent Motion of the Blood.
Enaeorema
is that crass Substance which is sus­pended in the middle of Urines.
Encanthis
is the Caruncula Lachrymalis, or an Ex­crescence & Swelling of the inner angles of the eye.
Encathisma,
the same with Insessus.
Encephalos
is whotsoever is within the compass of the Scull: as the Brain, the Cerabellum, the Oblongated Marrow, &c.
Encharaxis,
see Scarificatio.
Encheiresis Anatomica,
is a readiness in Dissecti­ons; when an Anatomist shews the parts of a Carcase dexterously.
Enchymoma
is an Afflux of the Blood, whereby the External parts are rendred black and blew; as in the Scurvey, Blood shot Eyes, &e. also an Afflux of Blood, by the quickness and suddenness of its Motion, as in Anger and Joy.
Enchyta
is an Instrument wherewith Liquids are instilled into the Eyes, Nostrils, or Ears.
Enclysma,
the same that Clyster.
Encope
is an Incision of any part, as in a Gangrene.
Encranium,
the same that Cerebellum.
Endeixis
is an indication of Diseases, whereby is shown what is to be done: as for Example, a Plethora, too much fullness of blood, indicates the opening of a Vein.
Endemius, or Morbus Vernaculus, and Communis,
is a Disease which always infects a great many in the same Country, proceeding from some cause peculiar to the Countrey where it reigns. Such is Scurvie to the Hollanders.
Endemus,
the same with Endemius.
Enema,
the same with Clyster.
Energia
is an agitation or operation of the Ani­mal Sp [...]rits and Blood.
Engizoma
is a blow upon the Skull, wherewith the bone descends to the inner Membrane of the Brain, and presses upon it. Also an Instrument which we use in such like cases.
Engonios
is the bending of the Arm or Leg.
Ensisormis Cartilago
is the lowest part of the Brest bone, pointed like a Sword.
Entera
are long Membraceous Winding-pipes, annexed to the Mesenterie, that they be not confounded with one another; and they are six (unless you reckon the Gullet, the Stomach, and the Bladder amongst the Intestines, which I should not stand upon, since they have the same substance, and almost the same action) the Gut Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Caecum, Colon, and the Rectum; the Three uppermost are called small Guts, the lower great Guts, they are clothed with Four Tunics; the outermost is Membranous, which arises from the Paeritoneum: The Second is Fibrous or Fleshie, whose Exteriour Fibres are long, the Interior round, placed upon one another at Right Angles: The Third is Nervous, and contains the meetings of both Lacteal and San­guinarie Vessels, to which there inwardly adheres a Fourth Tunic, which is Glandulons, or rather of a pappie Substance, whereby the Chyle is imbi­bed and communicated to the Milkie Veins. The Intestines, for the most part are about six times as long as the Man whose they are. Some take Lactes to signifie the small Guts only; others take them for fat Guts, as particularly Persius.
Enterenchyta
is a Clyster-pipe, which is also cal­led Siphon, and Syringa.
Enterocele, or Hernia Intestinalis
is the fall of the Intestines, especially of the Ileum, through the Processes of the Peritoneum Dilated, into the Groins or outer skin that covers the Cods.
Epacmastica
is a Fever that continually grows stronger.
Epaphaeresis
is an iterated Phlebotomie.
Epar,
see Hepar.
Eparmata
are Tumors of the Glandules cal­led Parotes, behind the Ears.
Ephaebeum
is the place from the Hypogastrium, or lower part of the Abdomen, to the Secret Parts.
Ephelscis
is that Bloody substance which is brought up in spitting of Blood: also a shell or crust that is brought over Ulcers.
Ephelis
is a dewie Spot, we call it a Freckle, which proceeds most commonly from Sun burn; they grow especially in Spring and Summer, and chiefly in those who have very thin Skins; but about Winter they disappear again: they are about as big as Flea-bites, and often disfigure the whole face.
Ephemera, or Diaria,
is a continued Fever which lasts but a day, arising from a Commotion and Accension of the fine parts of the Blood: if it last above a day, it is called Synochus Simplex.
Ephialtes, or Incubus,
the Night-mare, is a de­praved Imagination, whereby people asleep fan­cie that their Wind-pipe is oppressed by some su­perincumbent body, that their breath is stop'd, and they are excited to Venerie: this proceeds from a compression of the Cerebellum, when the [Page 118]Ventricles are too full of moisture: or, if those who are thus Affected lye upon their backs, then the whole bulk of the Brain lies upon the Cere­bellum, whereupon all the Pores and Passages being stopped by so much weight, the Spirits are hindred from Influencing the Nerves, called par vagum, and the Intercostal Nerve, which being thus destitute of Spirits, the Lungs are oppressed, and flag, and cannot perform their Office.
Ephidrosis
is Sweating.
Ephippium, or Sella Equina, or Tursica,
is part of the Bone Sphenoides, wherein the Pituitarie Glan­dulae is placed.
Epiala
is a continued Fever, wherein the Pati­ent feels both Heat and Cold at once.
Epialtes,
the same with Ephialtes.
Epicarpium
is a Medicine applyed outwardly, like a Plaister or a Cataplasme, applied to the Pulse or Wrist of the hand to drive away inter­mitting Feavers.
Epicauma
is a Crustie Ulcer that sometimes hap­pens to the black of the Eye.
Epicerastica
are Medicines which obtund and temperate sharp Humours.
Epicheiresis,
the same with Encheiresis.
Epicolicae regiones, or Laterales, or Lumbares.
Glisson calls that part Epicolica which lyes up­on the parts of the Gut Colon: whence it has its Name.
Epicrasis
is a gradual Evacuation of ill Humors in the Bood.
Epicrisis
is a judging of a Disease.
Epicrusis
is a percussion of the soft parts, with light Ferula's, an usual Custome amongst the Ja­paneses.
Epicyema
is a Superfaetation, which rarely hap­pens.
Epidemius
is a common Disease, proceeding from a common Cause, spreading it self over divers Countries, at divers times; such are the Plague, Malignant Fevers, &c. the reason is, that the Ni­tre of the Air, with other particles that are in it, acquire the Vertue of an Arcenic, or a Sublimate, as we see in making Sublimates; for the Particles of which that consists, if they be given severally, are not so destructive; but taken together, they make a deadly Poyson.
Epidermis,
see Cuticula.
Epedesis
is the Injection of a Ligament, to stop the Blood.
Epidesmus
is a tying of Swathes underneath.
Epididymis, or Paristata, in Latin Supergemina­lis,
and it is a winding Vessel, making a Figure like the winding of crooked Vessels that are swoln with ill Blood, and is affixed to the back of the Testicles: its greater Globe is annexed to the Testicles, consisting of one Vessel or Passage above five Ells long: the lesser Globe is connected to the Vessel that carries the Seed.
Epigastrium
is the fore-part of the lowermost Belly, whose upper part is called Hypochondrium; the middle part Umbilicalis; and the lowermost Hypogastrium.
Epigennema
is that which happens to a Disease like a Symptome: also the order of parts in Ge­neration, which is done successively.
Epiginesis,
the same that Epiginema.
Epiglottis
is the Fifth Cartilage of the Larynx, the cover of the opening of the Wind-pipe: it is also, called Sublinguium.
Epigonatis
is the Whirl-bone of the Knee.
Epilepsia, or Morbus Caducus,
because that the persons Affected fall down on a sudden: or Her­culeus, because it is hard to be cured; also Lues Deifica, Sonticus, Comitialis, Sacer, &c. and it is an Interpolated Convulsion of the whole body, which hurts all Animal-Actions, proceeding from an Explosion of Animal Spirits in the Brain, where­by the persons Affected are suddenly cast upon the ground. This Explosion arises either from an irritation or pricking in the Spirits: or when some­thing Heterogeneous is intermixed with the Animal Spirits.
Epilogismus
is the Vote of Physitians.
Epinyctides
are Pimples that send forth matter, and are painful, especially in the Night.
Epiparoxismus
is when a Patient endures more Fits in a Fever than usual, which happens in inor­dinate Fevers.
Epiphaenomena
are signs which appear afterwards in Diseases.
Epiphisis, Appendix, Adnascentia, Additamentum,
signifie one Bone that grows to another by simple and immediate Contiguity, though not with so even a Surface, but with some kind of ingress of one Bone into the Cavitie of the other, like that Coarticulation wherewith the Bones form the Joynts, but without any Motion.
Epiplasma,
the same with Cataplasma.
Epiplocele
is a Rupture when the Cavile falls into the outward Skin of the Cods.
Epiplocomistae
are fat big-bellied Men, who have fat huge Cawls; which Writers say, has some­times hindred Conception in Women; and there­fore [Page 121]they are named Cawl-bearers.
Epiplomphalum
is a Navel Rupture, when it juts out by reason of a swoln Cawl that is fallen down.
Epiploon, Omentum, or Reticula,
the Cawl, is a cover spread over the Intestines, arising from the bottom of the Ventricle, and the back of the Gut Colon; to wit, from the doubling of the Peritonae­um; it is shaped like a Net, or a Fowlers Bag; and abounds with several Sanguinary Vessels. Its use is to cherish the Stomach, and the Guts with its fat.
Episarcidium,
the same with Anasarca.
Episemasia
is the very time that a Disease first seizes a Person, and is properly called Signifi­catio.
Epision
is the place of the Secret Parts, or Aqualiculus.
Episphaerid
are windings and turnings in the outer substance of the Brain, that the Sanguiferous Vessels may pass more securely.
Epispastica,
the same with Attrahentia.
Epistomia
are the utmost gapings and meetings of Vessels.
Epistropheus, or Cardo,
is the second Vertebre of the Neck; so called from turning, because the Head turns upon it.
Epithema
is a Medicine applyed outwardly to the more Noble parts of the body, especially to the Heart and Liver.
Epneumatosis,
the same that Expiratio.
Epomis
is the upper part of the Shoulder, called also Acronium.
Epomphalum
is a Plaister, or any such thing ap­plyed [Page 122]to the Protuberances of the Navel.
Epsema
is a Decoction of new Wine till half be boyled away.
Epulis
is an Excrescence in the Gums which reaches the farthest Axel-Teeth; so that it hinders the opening of the Mouth.
Epulotica
the same with Cicatrizantia.
Erodentia
are Medicines which gnaw and prey upon the Flesh, with their Acute Particles.
Erpes,
see Herpes.
Errhinum,
barbarously called Nasale, is a Me­dicine which being made like a Pyramid, is put up the Nostrils, and cleanses the Brain of Viscous Humours, especially without sneezing: and it is either Liquid, Soft, or Solid. The Liquid is made of the juices of Cephalic cleansing Herbs, Ex­tracted by Wine or other Liquor, to which Spi­rit of Wine is sometimes added. Or of a Decoction of-fit Simples, to which are added sometimes Juices, Honey, Syrup, and Powders too. The soft is made of Powders, with Honey, Oyl, or Juices, boiled to a kind of Ointment. The Solid, is given either in form of a Powder, and that has place especially in Medicines which provoke sneezing; or in form of a Pellet, and it is called Nasale, and is prepared of fit Powders mixed with Viscid Extractions from Seeds, Gums, Roots, &c. with Wax, or with Turpentine.
Erysipelas, Wild-fire,
is a swelling in the Skin, or any other Fleshie or Membraneous part, red, broad, not spreading high, nor beating, but attended with a pricking sort of a pain, arising from a sharp, and frequently a Sulphureous Blood. I take the cause of it not to be the Blood, but a [Page 123]serous sweating, which is sharp and sulphureous, and flows from the Fibres themselves.
Erysipelatodes
is a swelling like an Erysipelas, or a bastard Erysipelas.
Erythremata
are red spots like Flea-bites, com­mon in Pestilential Fevers.
Erythroides
is a red Membrane of the Testicles, the first of the proper Tunlcs.
Eschara
is a crust or shell brought over an Ul­cer, or ralsed with a Seering Iron.
Escharoticum
is a Seering Iron, Fire, or the like, which burns the Skin and Flesh into a crustie Sub­stance.
Essentia,
Essence, in acurate speaking signifies the Balsamic part of any thing separated from the thicker matter, so that when ever this is done by means of Extraction, the Balsamic part is called Essence by way of Eminence; otherwise some­times, thickned juices are called Essences. But 'tis better to call these by their own Name, to avoid Confusion. Some call Compounds of Oyl and Sugar, Essences: but it is an abuse of the word.
Essentia Quinta, Quintessence,
is a Medicine made of the entire Energetical and Active Parti­cles of its Ingredients.
Essere, Sora, & Sare,
they are little Pushes or Wheals, something red and hard, which quickly Infect the whole Body with a violent itching, as if one were stung with Bees, or Wasps, or Flies, or Nettles; yet they vanish after a little time, and leave the Skin as smooth and well-coloured as before. This Disease differs from an Epinyctis in this, that an Epinyctis Sweats out Matter; but an Essere does not.
Esthiomenos
is a Winding Inflamation that con­sumes the parts: it proceeds from this, that the little Pappie Substance of the Skin, keeps a cer­tain sharp Humour in it, which for want of Per­spiration, corrupts and gnaws not onely the Skin with its Acrimonie, but the parts which are un­der it.
Ethmoides
is the Bone which resembles a Sieve, placed above the inner part of the Nose, and full of little holes to receive the Serous and Pituitous Humours from the soft Pappie Processes of the Brain.
Evacuatio, Evacuation,
is either of the Blood, when it abounds too much, as in a Plethora, where opening a Vein is requisite. Or of ill Humours in the Blood, and the Primae Viae, as they call them, which is done by Purging or Vomi­ting.
Euchroa
is a good colour and temper of the Skin.
Euchymia
is an excellent temper of the Blood.
Eucrasia
is an excellent temper of the parts of the Body.
Euectica,
the same with Gymnastica, or that part of Physick which teaches how to acquire a good Habit of Body.
Euelces,
one that is troubled with Ulcers, easie to be cured.
Euexia
is a good sound Habit of Body.
Eugeos
is the Womb; so called from its Ana­logie to fruitful Ground; the Hymen is also so called.
Euodes
is a sweet smell of Excrements.
Euosma,
the same with Euodes.
Eupathia
is an easiness in suffering.
Euphoria,
the same.
Eupncea
is a right natural Respiration.
Eurythmus
is an excellent natural Pulse.
Eusarcus,
one that is well fleshed.
Eusema
is a Crisis excellently well judged.
Eustomachus
is a good Stomach; as also Meat convenient for it.
Euthanasia
is a soft easie passage out of the World.
Euthyporos
is a strait Gate.
Euthropia
is a due Nourishment of the Body.
Exacerbatio,
see Paroxysmus.
Exaltatio, or Sublimatio,
is an Operation where­by a thing being changed in its natural qualifica­tions, is elevated to an higher degree of Vertue and Substance; or it is a Subtilizing of things by gradually Dissolving them, and Exalting them in­to a purer and higher degree of their own qua­lities: and it is done either by Circulation, or Ab­lution.
Exanastomosis
is an opening of the Extremitie of Vessels.
Exanthema
is a certain Efflorescenae upon the Skin of the Head, like those which appear in the skin of the whole Body; it is described two ways by Senertus; one is, that at least it changes the colour of the Skin, as in continued Malignant Fevers; wherein the skin is spotted as with Flea­bites; the other is, when certain little swellings break out in the Skin, which may be called Pa­pillae.
Exarthrema,
the same with Luxatio.
Exceptio
is the Incorporation or Mixture of dry [Page 126]Powders with some moisture or other; thus Electu­aries are made, Powders and Pulps are mixed with Honey, or Syrup: and the powder of Pills with Syrup, Honey, Wine or Juice.
Excrementa, Excrements
are whatsoever is sepa­rated from the Aliments after Concoction, and is to be thrown out of the Body; as the moisture in the Mouth, Spittle, Snot, Milk, Bile, Sweat, the Wax of the Ears, the Excrements of the Belly and Bladder.
Exelcismus
is a bringing of the Bones from the surface downward.
Exercitatio
is a vehement and voluntary Motion of Humane Body, attended with an Alteration in Breathing, undertook either for preserving, or ac­quiring Health.
Excercitium
is a Motion whereby the Body is agitated in order to Health; and it is Threefold.
  • 1. What proceeds onely from things Extrinsic; as in Riding, Navigation, &c.
  • 2. What proceeds partly from other things, partly from those who are moved, as in Gladiators, and Wrestlers.
  • 3. What comes from those onely who exercise, as in walking, and the Ball; and best of all in Hand­ball: the end of Exercise is Threefold likewise; either Heat, Sweat, or Breath, and this is suffici­ent.
Exomphalos
is a Protuberance of the Navel, com­mon to Infants.
Exophthalmia
is a protuberance of the Eye, out of its natural Position.
Exostosis
is a Protuberance of the Bones out of their Natural place.
Expiratio
is an Alternate Contraction of the [Page 127]Chest, whereby the Air, together with Fuliginous Vapours is expelled by the Wind-pipe; the cause of Expiration does not seem to consist in the con­traction of the Chest, but in the Relaxation of the Tunic of the upper part of the Gullet, and the Wind-pipe; for take that away, and you take away the Motion of the Chest, and Abdomen.
Explosio
is an action of the Spirits, whereby the Nerves are suddenly Contracted; the reason is, That some Heterogeneous Particles are mixed with the Animal Spirits, or that they are driven into a confusion, like Gun-powder out of a Gun.
Expulsio,
the same with vis Expultrix.
Expultrix vis,
according to the Ancients, was that facultie which expell'd the Excrements: but we need not have recourse to those blind Facul­ties, since we know that this is performed by the Animal Spirits, which cause the Peristaltic Motion of the Guts.
Exstasis
is a depravation of the Judgment and Imagination, familiar to Mad and Melancholy Persons.
Extasis,
the same that Exstasis.
Extirpatio
is the cutting of a part, by reason of a Cancre, or Blasting; it is best to cut it off Two, Three, or more Fingers breadths from the Joynt, unless the Mortification have reached the upper parts of the Arms, or Thigh; for here we are forced to chuse the Joynt it self: it is a su­rer way to make the Excision in a sound part, though it be more painful.
Extractio
is a Separating of the subtle parts of a mixed Body, from the more gross: for Ex­ample, [Page 128]when the strength of any Medicine is Ex­tracted by Spirit of Wine, that which is left after the Evaporation of the Menstruum is called the Extract.
Extractum
is that pure, unmixed, and efficacious Substance, which by the help of some Liquor is separated from the duller and more unactive parts.
Exulceratio
is a Solution of continued parts, proceeding from some gnawing Matter, and in soft parts of the Body, attended with a loss of their quantity; it differs from an Abscessus in this, that an Abscessus is occasioned by a Crisis. An Ex­ulceration is either great, little, broad, short, nar­row, strait, transverse, winding, equal, inequal, deep, &c.
F.
Facies Hyppocratica
is when the Nostrils are sharp, the Eyes hollow, the Temples low, the Laps of the Ears contracted, and the Lobes In­versed, the Skin about the Forehead hard, and dry; the Complexion pale, livid, of a leaden Colour, or Black.
Facultas
is an action in Man, which is perfor­med, either by the Body alone, or by both Body and Mind: Faculties are either Natural, which depends upon the Cerebellum: or Animal, which depend upon the Brain. The Ancients made three Faculties, Natural, Vital, and Animal: but the Vital belongs to the Natural.
Faeces,
see Excrementa.
Falx
is a doubling of the Dura Mater, like a [Page 129]Sickle, annexed below to the Third Cavitie where­by the Brain is divided into the right and left Hemisphere.
Fames, Hunger,
is either Natural, which is a desire of Food, when an Animal from a Vellifi­cation of a Nerve of the par vagum, and the Intercostal in the Stomach, which proceeds from an Acid Humour, carried thither by the Caeliac Arteries, or Glandulous Tunic, is excited to seek for Food as a Remedy to allay that Vellica­tion; or it is praeternatural, which is either de­praved, as longing in Women with Child; or it is a Canine Appetite, want of Appetite, &c.
Fames Canina,
see Cynedes Orexis.
Farciminalis Tunica,
the same that Allantoi­des.
Fascia,
a Swathe, is a long Band, moderately broad, which Chyrurgeons use: Swathes are wound up; long, and all of a breadth; others are cut, which are indeed of one piece of Linnen, but that cut either at the ends, or middle: others sewed together, which consists of Swathes and Thongs of several ends, and like several Swathes. Others are longer, some shorter; and others broader, some narrower.
Fasciatio
is a binding of Swathes about a Limb that is to be Cured.
Fasciculus,
see Manipulus.
Fastidium Cibi,
the same that Anorexia.
Fauces and Frumen,
the same that Pharynx.
Favus,
see in Achor.
Febris a Fever,
is an inordinate Motion, and too greatan Effervescence of the Blood, attended [Page 130]with Cold first, and afterwards with Heat, Thirst, and other Symptoms, wherewith the Animal Oeconomie is variously disturbed. Fevers in ge­neral are divided into Intermittent, Continued, Continent, and Symptomatical. Scotus in his Magick assures us, That the Blood in a Fever has Worms in it.
Feculae
are Dust that subsides in the squeezing of certain Vegetables, as in Brionie, Ramp, &c.
Fell,
see Bullis.
Femur, and Femen,
the Thigh, the part from the Buttocks to the Knee; it is so called from bear­ing, because it holds up, and sustains an Animal; it consists but of one Bone, but that the greatest and longest in the whole Body, whose External and fore part is gibbous or rising; but the Inter­nal hinder part flat and bending. Grammarians make Femen to be the hinder fleshy part; and Femur the former outward part.
Fermentatio
is an Intestine Motion of Particles, or of the Principles of any Body, tending to Per­fection, or a Change: and it is either Natural, which comes of its own accord, as in Natural Actions; or Artificial, which we make, as we see in Beer, Wine, Bread, &c.
Ferulae
are little light chips or planes, which are made of different Matter, according to the nature and necessities of the places to which they are applyed, as of Barks of Trees, of the Bark of the Herb Sagapene, in Latin Ferula; whence they have their Name: they are made of Firr, Paper glewed together, Leather, &c. which are applyed to Bones that have been loosened, or disjoynted, [Page 131]after they are set again.
Fibra Auris,
the same with Lobus Auris.
Fibrae, Fibres,
are little, round, oblong Vessels; and are either Musculous or Nervous: the Ner­vous are such as have no Valves, and by which the Spirits flow conveniently from the Nerves to the several parts: the Musculous Fibres receive the Blood from the Arteries, and discharge them­selves into the Veins, and have a great many Valves, they are called long, round, or oblique from their Scituation; some small threads interwoven with Trees and Leaves are called Fibres too: and so are the small threads which stick to their Roots.
Fibula,
the Ancients mention them; for if there be a Wound in the Flesh, says Celsus, that gapes, and cannot easily be closed, it is improper to sew it, you must apply a Fibula; but because this way of closing the gaping of Wounds, by Fibula's was so usual amongst the Ancients; they have not been at all sollicitous in describing either their Matter or Form. Guido tells us, That they made these Fibula's of Iron Circles as it were, or Semi-circles crooked backward on both sides, the hooks whereof being fastned on both sides to the gaping Wound, answered exactly one ano­ther; but since this must be an unsupportable pain to the poor Patient, it is hardly credible, that they meant any such thing by their Fibula's. The Opinion of Fallopius is more probable, who tells us, That is was onely a sowing up the Wound with a Needle and Thread, which is commonly used at this day. Sanctorius writes thus, We need not Discourse much of Fibula's, since the [Page 132]use of them is almost out of dores; and though the Ancients have not described them, yet they forbear not to acquaint us how to use them; as Argenterius falsly imagines. For not onely Phy­sicians but some of the Ancients knew the form of them, since Cern. Celsus has informed us. That Fi­bula's as well as Sutures were made of a Needle-full of soft untwisted silk or thread, wherewith they sowed the gaping Lips of the Wound together. Some call Acia, or this needle-full of Thred, Vincu­lum, Ligatura, Colligatio, Obligatio, Ligamentum; all which signifie tying or binding. Whoever would be farther informed in this particular, may consult the Incomparable Rhodius in his Discourse about Acia.
Fibula
is the lesser Bone of the Shank, it seems to joyn the Muscles of the Leg like a Button, or Clasp, in Latin Fibula; it is the hinder bone betwixt the Knee and the Foot, smaller than the other Bone, called Tibia, and fastned outwardly to it; as the Bone called Radius in the Arm is to the Cubit: its round head does not extend as far as the Knee upward, but downward, it goes far­ther than the other Bone called Tibia, and there­fore is altogether as long a Bone as the Tibia. They part in the middle, because the Muscles of the Feet are placed there; in which interval, a slen­der broad Ligament joyns them together length­ways. It is joyned likewise to the Tibia with a common Ligament above and below; as it tends acutely downwards it has an Appendix belong­ing to it, which growing thicker and thicker, makes a Process, called Malleolus Externas.
Ficus
are Excrescencies about the Fundament and other parts, like Figs; if they grow big, then they are called Ficus, or Sycoses.
Filtratio
is the Percolating any Liquor through a woollen Cloth, or course Paper.
Filtram
is a woollen Cloth, or blotting Paper, through which Liquors are strained to Clarifie: as through a Manca Hippocratis, a Wine-sack which draws Wine from the dregs.
Fissura ossis
is a fracture of a Bone length­ways.
Fistula
is a strait long Cavity, or a winding, narrow and callous Ulcer, of difficult Cure; pro­ceeding for the most from an Aposteme. Fistu­la's differ from winding Ulcers in this, that Fistu­la's are callous and hard, but Ulcers are not.
Fistula Lachrymalis
is when the Punctum Lachry­male, the little hole in the bone of the Nose, through which the Liquid Matter passes to the Nostrils, is grown hard and callous, from an Ul­cer of a Caruncula, Glandules placed at the grea­ter corners of the Eye, by which means there hap­pens a continual Defluxion of Tears.
Fistula Pulmonis,
the same that Aspera Arte­ria.
Fistula Sacra,
is that part of the Back-bone which is Perforated.
Fistula Urinaria,
the same with Urethra.
Flatus
are Effervescencies excited in the Body from wind let in, or from Flatulent Meats, or from the Bile and Pancreatic juice mixed together, whence wind and noise.
Flores Chymici
are the Subtiler parts of the Bo­dy [Page 134]separated from the grosser by Sublimation, in a dry Form.
Fluor Albus, or Fluor Uterinus,
is a continual Eva­cuation of corrupt Humors from the Womb, or the Pores in the Vagina.
Fluor Muliebris,
see Fluor Albus.
Fluor Uterinus,
the same.
Fluxio,
the same with Catarrhus.
Fluxus Chylosus,
the same with Caeliaca passio.
Fluxus Hepaticus
is a kind of Dysentery, where­in black shining blood, and too long rosted as it were, is driven out of the Guts by the Funda­ment: it is sometimes taken for a Dysentery wherein serous sharp Blood is evacuated.
Focile Majus
is the greater Bone of the Cubit called Ulna; or the greater bone of the Leg called Tibia.
Focile Minus
is the lesser Bone of the Cubit cal­led Radius; or the lesser bone of the Leg, cal­led Fibula.
Focus
is some place in the Misenterie and other parts, whence they formerly deduced the Origi­nal of Fevers.
Fodina
is the less Labyrinth in the bone of the Ears.
Faecula
signifies a Powder which subsides to the bottom in certain strainings of Vegetables; for it is prepared of some green, washed, and pared Roots beat together, with a little water, then strained, that there may subside a white sort of Powder which is to be dryed lightly.
Faetor oris,
a stinking Breath, procceds from the filth about the Teeth, and Gums: sometimes from the Lungs, and a Consumptive or Scorbu­tic Blood.
Folliculus Fellis
is a little Bladder fastned to the Concave-part of the Liver, which receives the Bile, which in proper time empties it self into the Gut Duodenum, by a Ductus, or Passage called Chele­dochus.
Fomentum,
that which applyed to the Body che­rishes and warms it; and it is Twofold, either wet, or dry; the latter is a Decoction applyed to several parts of the body for to cherish it, by the help of a linnen, or wollen Cloth, a Spunge, Blad­der, &c.
Fontanellae, Issues,
are little Ulcers which Chy­rurgions make in sound parts of the Body, to Evacuate bad Humors, Cure Diseases, or prevent them. Issues are made either with an Actual or a Potential Seering-Iron, with a Lance, and a pair of Scissers: You must always observe to make Issues betwixt two Muscles.
Fonticuli,
the same.
Forceps
is an Instrument wherewith dead and corrupt parts, (also things besides, or against Na­ture) are seised, cut off, or pulled out; they are of several shapes, as long, crooked, with Teeth, with Beeks, in fashion of an half Moon, such as will open the Mouth, or the Womb; and by which you may see into either of them; which according to the difference of their shape, are of different use.
Forfex
is an Instrument to pull out Teeth with.
Formula
is a Physitians Prescription, which the Apothecaries prepare accordingly.
Fornix
is the Callous Substance of the Brain; [Page 136]so called, because it seems to sustain the Cavities of the Ventricles, and the bulk of the impending Brain, like an Arch or Vault.
Fotus,
the same with Fomentum.
Fovea Cordis,
the same with Anticardium.
Fractura Ossis,
the breaking of a Bone, is a So­lution of the Continuum in the hard parts of the Body, which is done by a hard External Instru­ment, forcibly impell'd upon the part; the diffe­rences whereof are taken from the Form, the Part, and the Accidents of it.
Fraenulum
is a Membraneous Ligament under the Tongue; in new-born Children, it sometimes spreads over the whole under side of the Tongue, that the Midwife sometimes is forced to pull it asunder with her Nails (which yet ought not to be allow'd of) or the Chyrurgion with his Pen­knife.
Froenulum, or Froenum penis,
is a Membrane which tyes the fore-skin to the Nut of the Yard.
Frons,
the forehead is the upper part of the Face.
Frontale
is an External Medicine, frequently applyed to the Forehead, for a pain or heat in the Head: it is made for the most part of Herbs, Flowers, Seeds, Meal, moistned with Vinegar of Roses.
Fumigatio Chymica
is an erosion of Metal by smoak, or Vapour.
Functio,
the same that Aclio.
Funda Galeni
is a Swathe divided into Four parts; useful in Accidents that happen to the Jaw­bone.
Fungus
is soft spongie Flesh which grows upon Wounds.
Funiculus, Intestinum, Laqueus, or Ductus Um­bilicalis, the Navel-string,
is a Membraneous Chan­nel or Conduct in a Faetus which reaches from the Navel to the Placenta in the Womb; it contains Two Arteries, one Vein, and the Urinarie passage in the Faetus.
Furcale os,
the same with Furcula.
Furcula Superior
is the upper bone of the Ster­num, or Breast-bone, others call it Jugulum.
Furcella,
the same that Furcula.
Furfuratio
is when Dandriff falls from the Head in Combing; it comes for the most part from that skin which is under the Hair; also from the Beard, and Eye-brows.
Furnuss,
a Furnace, is a place where a Fire is conveniently kept for Chymical uses: and it is either open or covered.
Furor
the same with Manea.
Furor Uterinus
is an unseemly Distemper, which is wont to seize upon Maids; especially those of riper Years, and sometimes Widows too. They who are troubled with it, throw off the Veil of common Modesty, and Decency, and Delight one­ly in lascivious, obscene Discourses: they covet a man greedily, and even furiously, and omit no inviting Temptations that may induce them to satisfie their desires. The cause seems to be in the Seminal juice, which being Exalted to the highest degree of Maturity, drives the Maids into a kind of Fury; which is conspicuous every year in some Bruits; as in Cats, Bulls, Bucks, Does, Harts. [Page 138]There is another Distemper akin to this, which the Ancients called, the Fervour of the Womb, or the Matrix, when the whole substance and body of the Womb is extream hot, accompanied with a pain and heaviness of the Loyns; a roughness by the growth of Hair, Loathing, and a suppressi­on of the Urine, and Excrements: and the Wo­man all the while covets to be laid with, but by reason of pain is still afraid of it.
Furunculus
a Boyl, is an acute swelling, as big as a Pigeons Egg, attended with an Inflamation, and Pain, especially when it begins to Corrupt, and Putrifie: when it is opened, and the Matter let out, part of the Flesh underneath is turned into Corruption, of a whitish, and reddish Colour, which some call the Ventricle of the Furunculus: there is no danger in it, though you apply no Re­medy to it; for it ripens of it self, and bursts; but the pain makes it more Elegible to apply a Reme­die, because that frees the Patient sooner from his trouble.
Fusio
is a melting with heat.
G.
GAllactophori,
are Ductus's which carry Milk, convey the Chyle (as some Modern Au­thors have fancied) a streight way from the Guts to the Glandules of the Breasts: yet the Arteries were more properly so called, because they car­ry the Chyle along with the Blood to the Breasts, wherein Milk is reserved for the use of the Fae­tus.
Galactopoietice Facultas
is nothing but an Ap­titude to sequester Milk in the Breasts: of the se­Parating of Milk. See in the Word Lac.
Galenica Medicina,
is that Physick which is built upon the Principles of Galen, and therefore they are Galenists who embrace the Foundation of their Art, which are fetched from Galen and the Philosophers, proved by Reason, and confirmed by Experience.
Galea
is a pain in the Head, so called from the likeness of the place, because it takes in the whole Head, like an Helmet; in Latin Galea.
Galea
is likewise when the Head of the Faetus is clothed with part of the Membrane called Am­neos, as it comes into the World.
Galreda, or Gelatina, Gellie,
is a Thickned, Vis­cous, and Lucid Juicie Substance; it is commonly made of the Cartilaginous parts of Animals boiled, as of Calves Feet, &c.
Ganglion
is an Humour in the Tendinous and Nervous parts, procecding from a Fall, Stroke, or otherwise; it resists if stirred, if pressed upon its side is not diverted, nor can be turned round.
Gangraena,
a Gangrene, is a Cadaverous Cor­ruption of a part, attended with a beginning of Stink, Blackness, and Mortification.
Gargareon,
See Cion.
Gargarisma,
a Gargarisme, is a Liquid Medicine which cleanses the Mouth, and the Adjacent parts by Gargling, without swallowing; and it is either a Decoction, wherein convenient Syrups are dis­solved, or distilled Waters mixed with Syrups, and sometimes with Mineral Spirits.
Gastrocnemium
is the Calf of the Leg, whence its Muscles are called Gastrocnemii, from their swelling like a belly.
Gastrocnemii Musculi,
see Gastrocnemium.
Gastroepiploica
is the Vein and Arterie which goes to to the Ventricle and the Cawl.
Gastrorhaphia
is a Connexion or a Suture in the wounds of the Abdomen.
Gaudium
is a cheerfulness proceeding from the apprehension of some good obtained, or to be obtained.
Gelatina
is almost the same with Galreda, but that is of a more general signification, and is ta­ken for any Pellucide Glutinous Juice, which used first to be made of the juice of Fruits, as of Ap­ples, &c. as the Gellie of Quinces, &c.
Gena Mala
is part of the Face from the Nose to the Ears. Also the Chin, the Jaw-bone, which is either upper or lower.
Generatio
is a natural Action, whereby an Ani­mal begets another like it of the same Species, of convenient Seed, in Generation; the first thing we see is a red Speck, which is clothed with a lit­tle bladder, next a little Heart, whence Veins and Arteries flow, at the Extremitie whereof you see the Viscera, the Bowels, &c. afterward the whole Faetus is formed and cloathed with Membranes; before Generation the Seed of the Male being cast into the Womb, enters and prepares its Pores, af­terwards sweats out a Viscous Substance, like the white of an Egg, which moves the Egg out of the Testicles and Tubes; for the Womans Eggs are impregnated by the influence of the Seed, are [Page 141]emitted out of the Testicles, and received by the Fallopian Tubes.
Genioglossum
is a pair of Muscles proceeding in­wardly from the Chin under another pair called Geniohyoyides, and are fastned in the Basis of the bone Hyoides.
Geniohyoides
are Muscles reaching from the in­ternal and lower Seat of the Chin to the Basis of the Bone Hyoides, which is placed at the Basis of the Tongue.
Gercomia
is a part of that part of Physick cal­led Hygieina, or Preservation of health, which teaches the way of living for old Men.
Gingipedium,
the same with Scorbutus.
Gingiva,
the Gums, is a hard spurious sort of Flesh, which surrounds the Teeth like a Rampart, and in people that want Teeth helps to the chew­ing their meat, which being either eat out, re­laxed, or too dry, the Teeth shake or fall out.
Ginglymus
is a Conjunction of Bones, when the Head of one is received into the Cavitie of another, and again the head of this into the Ca­vity of that.
Glacialis Humor,
see Humoris Oculi.
Glandula,
a Glandule, is a Substance of a pe­culiar nature, fleshie, white, or gray, and Friable; and it is two-fold, adventitious, as those Kernels which are sometimes under the Arm-holes, and in the Neck, the Kings Evil; a swelling in the La­rynx and middle of the Wind-pipe, &c. or perpe­tual and natural, as the Thymus, Pancreas, Glan­dula, Pinealis, &c. the perpetual is again Two-fold, either Conglobated in one entire piece, which sends [Page 143]the separated Humour into the Veins, as the pituitarie Glandule, the Pinealis, the Glandules of the Mesenterie, of the Groins, &c. or Conglo­merated in a cluster, which convey the juice by their own Channels into some notable Cavities of the body, as the Pancreas, the Glandules of the Breast, the Salival Glandules, &c.
Glandula Guidonis
is a Tumor like a Glandulae, soft, single, Movable, without Roots, and separate from the adjacent parts.
Glandula Pinealis,
see Conarium.
Glandula Pituitaria
is a little body in the Sella Equina, a place in the Brain so called, covered over with the Rete mirabile in many Brutes, but not in Man; it receives the serous Humour from the Infindibulum and the Rete Mirabule▪ which it sends into the Jugular Veins, and the Lympha­tic Vessels.
Glandulosum Corpus,
the same with Prostata.
Glans,
the same with Balanus and Suppositorium.
Glaucoma
is a fault in the Eye, or a Transmu­tation of the Chrystaline Humour into a gray or sky-colour.
Glaucosis
the same with Glaucoma.
Glene
the same with Pupilla: also the Cavitie of a Bone which receives another within it.
Glenoides
are two Cavities in the lower part of the first Vertebre of the Neck.
Globulus Nasi
is the lower Cartilaginous movea­ble part of the Nose.
Glossocomium
is a Chyrurgions Instrument for broken Limbs, so called from the shape of a Mer­chants little Casket which was formerly carried upon the back.
Glottis
is the Chink of the Larynx which is co­vered by the Epiglottis.
Gluten
says Avicen is a Secundary Humour, and is so called, when that dewie Humour is Agglutinated to the parts: there were reckoned four of them, Humor Innominatus, that had no name: Ros Glutea, and Cambium; but those Names are now out-dated.
Glutei
are six Muscles which move the Buttocks, on each side three.
Glutia
are two Prominences of the Brain, cal­led Nates.
Glutos
is the greater Rotator (an Apophysis in the upper part of the Thigh-bone so called) of the Buttock, and the Thigh-bone named Trochan­ter, Gomphoma, the same that Gomphosis.
Gomphos
is when the Pupil of the Eye going be­yond a little skin of the Tunica uvea is like that swelling of hard Flesh in the corner of the Eye, called Clavus.
Gomphosis, or Conclavatio,
is when one Bone is fastned into another like a Nail, as may be seen in the Teeth.
Gonorrhaea
is a too great Effusion of Seed: and it is either Simple, when Crude thin Seed, which is not white neither, is Emitted, and that rather from the Prostates then the Seminarie Vessels: or Virulent, when a Poysonous liquid Substance, of a white or yellowish Colour, is Ejected.
Gramma,
the same with Scrupulus.
Graudo,
see Chalasia.
Granum,
a Grain, is the least weight we use: they take instead of it sometimes white Pepper [Page 144]Corns, twenty make a Scruple.
Graphoides
is a Process like the Pen for a Table­book, about the Basis of the Brain it inclines backward.
Gravedo,
the same with Coryza.
Gula,
see Pharynx.
Gumma Gallicum
is the eating out a Bone in the French Pox.
Gurgulio,
the same that Cion.
Gustus, the Taste,
is a Sense whereby the Soul perceives the Taste of things from the Motion of the Nerve inserted into the Tongue and Palate for that purpose.
Gutta rosacea
is a redness with Pimples where­with the Cheeks, Nose, and whole Face is defor­med, as if it were sprinkled with red drops: these Pimples or Wheals often increase, so that they ren­der the Face rough and horrid, and the Nose monstrously big.
Gutturis os,
the same that Hyoides os.
Gymnastica,
the same that Evectica.
Gynaecia
in general are the Accidents incident to Women; but Hippocrates. takes them more strictly for the Courses.
Gynaecomastum
is a growing of the Breasts.
Gynaecomystax
is a Tuft of Hair at the upper part of a Womans Secrets; from this some take their estimate of the temperament of the Womb and the Testicles.
H.
HAbitus,
the same with Hexis.
Haematosis, or Sanguification,
depends prin­cipally upon the Fermentation, Dissolution, and Union of Particles; to wit, Spirit, Sulphur, and Salt; especially, upon the inspiration of Nitrous Air, which accends the Sulphureous Blood in the Lungs. Sanguification is performed in all the parts of the Body, and not in any peculiar part, as the Heart, Liver, or Spleen.
Haemodia
is a great pain in the Teeth, which proceeds from Acid and austere Particles, which penetrate the Pores of the Teeth; whence the Nerves being Vellicated and Contracted, cause pain.
Haemophobus
is one who fears to be let Bood.
Haemoptysis
is the Spitting up of Blood from the Lungs, which proceeds either from a sweating out at the Glandules of the Larynx. with which its Tunic is clothed within; to wit, when the ope­nings of the Arteries are too much Relaxed: or from some great Vessels that are broke, or out of the little Bladers of the Lungs themselves.
Haemorrhagia
is a Flux of Blood at the Nostrils, Mouth, or Eyes.
Haemorrhoides
are swelling Inflamations in the Rectum, or about the Fundament, red and pain­ful, which sometimes send forth Blood or Mat­ter.
Haemorrhoidis vena,
is a Branch of the Vena Portae, the great Vein of all, extending to the [Page 146] Rectum and the Fundament.
Halo
is a red spot of flesh which surrounds each N [...]pple in the Breasts.
Hama,
when a Dose is took off at once.
Harmonia
is a joyning of Bones by a plain Line; as may be seen in the Bones of the Nose and Pa­late.
Haustus, or Potio
is a Liquid Medicine taken in­wardly, made into one Dose, of several Ingredi­ents, mixed with a suitable Liquor, by Decoction, Infusion, or Dissolution, to Purge, alter, or Sweat.
Hectica
is a continued Fever arising from the very habit of the body, and introduced in a long time, and has so rooted it self into the very Con­stitution that it is infinitely difficult ever to Cure it: for the most part it is accompanied with an Ulcer of the Lungs, Leanness, and a Cough.
Hedisma
is any thing that gives Medicines a good scent.
Hegemonicae
are the principal Actions in Human Body, as the Actions Animal and Vital.
Helcydria
are certain little Ulcers, thick and red, in the skin of the Head, like the Nipples of Breasts, which send forth Matter.
Helctica,
see Attrahentia.
Heliosis
is a Sunning.
Helix
is the Exterior brim of the Ear, so cal­led from its Winding. The Interior is called Scapha.
Helminthes,
see Elminthes.
Helodes,
see Elodes.
Helos, or Clavus,
is a round, white, callous swelling of the Foot, like the head of a Nail, and [Page 147]fixed in the Roots of the hard Skin of the Foot.
Haelesis
is a reflexed inversion of the Eye­lid.
Hemeralopia, or Acies Necturna,
is when one sees better in the Night than in the Day.
Hemicrania
is an Head-ach in either part of the Brain.
Hemina Italica
is a Measure containing half an Attic Sextarie, and nine Ounces: So much is a Cotyla Attica, and a Cotyla Italica is Twelve Ounces.
Hemipagia,
the same that Hemicrania.
Hemiplegia
is a Palsie on one side below the Head, proceeding from an Obstruction in one part or other of the Spinal Marrow; or from a blow; whence it comes to pass, that the Animal Spirits are Obstructed in their passage.
Hemiplexia,
the same that Hemiplegia.
Hepar, the Liver,
is a Parenchymous Substance placed under the right side of the Diaphragme, considerably thick and big in a Man; it is clothed with a thin Membrane, which proceeds from the Peritonaeum; and is fastned to other parts with three strong Ligaments. 1. To the Abdomen, by the Navel-vein. 2. Upwards, to the Dia­phragme, by a broad thin Membranous Liga­ment, on the right side. 3. To the Diaphragme likewise, by a round and exceeding strong Liga­ment, the Bladder of the Gall, and the Ductus Hepaticus are in the low flat part; it is of a red­dish Colour: its substance seems to be compoun­ded of several Membranes and clusters, or Glan­dules joyned together like Concreted Blood, which [Page 148]I observed from frequently washing it. The Blood of the Spleen which is carryed thither by the Vena Portae does in some measure Ferment in the Liver, with the Arterious Blood, which the Cae­liac Arterie affords, (to wit, when after Nutriti­on it is discharged into the Veins again) and dis­solves the Contexture of the Blood; whereupon its Saline Sulphureous Particles, which constitute the Gall, are Segregrated by the Glandulous Clusters, and conveyed to the Gut Duodenum by the Bladder of the Bile, and the Ductus in the Liver called Hepaticus. There are no Lobes in a Man's Liver; but in Brutes it is divided into se­veral. Portions, which they call Lobes, the Fibres of the Liver, &c. The Ancients believed, That the Chyle was elaborated and Sanguified in the Li­ver, whilest onely its bilious Recrements are se­parated there.
Hepatica vena,
the same with Basilica.
Hepaticus Merbus
is a Dejection of a watery sharp Blood, like the washing of Flesh, when the Ner­vous Juice, or Watery Blood, being not rightly Concocted, but sharp, is discharged into the Guts. Also when black, shining, dryed Blood is driven into the Gut: the Disease is so called, because they attributed Sanguification to the Liver.
Hepiala,
the same with Epiala.
Herculeus Morbus,
the same with Epilepsia.
Hermephroditus
is one of both Sexes: but they onely use the Womans Instruments, they are sel­dom Men, this abuse in Nature happens, when the Clitoris hangs out too far.
Hermetica Medicina,
which the Aegyptians falsly [Page 149]fetched from Mercury, refers the Cause of Disea­ses to Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury; and prepares most noble Medicines, not onely of Vegetables and Animals, but of Minerals too.
Hernia, or Ramex,
is properly the falling of the Intestines, Cawl, &c. by the Processes of the Peri­tonaeum Dilated into the Groin: also, a Protu­berance of the Navel. The falling down of the Womb is improperly so called; swelling in the Larynx; winding Tumours of the Spermatic Vessels; Distentions from Flatulent Matter; Wa­tery Humours, or Swellings.
Herpes, a spreading, and winding Inflamation,
is Twofold, either Miliaris, or Pustularis, like Mil­let Seed, which seizes the Skin onely, and itches; or Exedens, Consuming, which not onely seizes the Skin, but the Muscles underneath: The cause of it is, That the Glandules of the Skin are too much stuffed with salt Particles, which are kept there by others that are Viscous, whence proceed the little Ulcers like Millet Seed, that oc­casion an Itching in the Skin, which if the Pec­cant Matter abound; they grow into a Crust, and eat the parts they lye upon.
Heterocrania
is a pain in one part or other of the Head.
Heterogeneum
is when any thing disproportio­nate is mixed with the Blood and Spirits, as in Fevers, Swimmings in the Head, Explosive Mo­tions, and the Apoplexie.
Heterorythmus
is a Life unsuitable to the Years of those who live it; as if a Young Man should live an Old Man's Life, and on the contrary: [Page 150]this Word is said of Pulses too, when in Diseases the Pulse beats diversly.
Hexis
is a Habit, or Habitude of Body.
Hidroa
are Pimples about the Secret parts, proceeding from a sharp Humour.
Hydrocritica,
are Critical Judgings of Distem­pers, taken from Sweating.
Hidronosus
is a Fever, wherein the Patient sweats Extreamly. The English call it the. English Swear.
Hydros
the same with Sudor.
Hidrotica,
things that provoke Sweating, are those which by Fermenting, and Attenuating parts penetrate the closest Pores of the Blood, cut into things, rarifie them, and turn them into a kind of Vapour, whatsoever they meet carry along with them, and drive it to the Surface of the Body; where being condensed into an insensible Liquor, it makes its way out.
Hiera Picra
is an Electuary of Aloes, Lignum Aloes, Spikenard, Saffron, Mastick, Honey, &c.
Hieroglyphicae Notae,
are foldings and Wrinkles in the hand, from which vain curiosity pretends to predict strange things.
Hippus
is an Affection of the Eyes, wherein they continually shake and tremble, and now and then twinkle, as it happens in Riding.
Hircu, Hirci, or Hirqui,
the corners of the Eyes.
Hirquus,
the same with Canthus.
Holippae
are little Cakes or Wafers made of a Medicinal Infusion, with Wheat-flower and Su­gar.
Haeme [...]meres,
see Similares Partes.
Homogeneae Particulae,
are such Particles as are Pure, Entire, Unmixed, and altogether like one another.
Homoplata, Scapula, Spatula, Scoptula aperta,
the Shoulder-blade, is a broad and Triangular Bone which constitutes the breadth of the Shoulder, thin, especially in the middle, but thick in its Processes, on each side one, lying upon the up­per Ribs behind, like a Target; it has Three Processes, Acromium, or the Shoulder point; Ca­rocoides, or Anchoralis; and Cervix; its use is to strengthen the Ribs, to joynt the Shoulder and Neck Bones, and to implant Muscles therein.
Homotona
is a continued Fever that acts al­ways alike.
Hora an Hour,
signifies the determinate space of a Year with Hippocrates.
Horaea
are seasonable or Summer-Fruits, as Apples, &c.
Hordeatum
is a Liquid Medicine taken inward­ly, prepared of Barley beat and boiled sore, with the addition of suitable and strained Liquors; to which are frequently added Almonds, and the Seed of white Poppies, &c.
Hordeolum,
the same with Crithe.
Horrifica Febris,
see Phricodes.
Horror
is a Vibration and Trembling of the Skin over the whole Body, with a Chilness after it.
Humectantia,
moistning things, are such as can insinuate their moist Particles into the Pores of our Bodies.
Humidum Primogenium
may be properly called [Page 152]the Blood, which is seen in Generation before any thing else.
Humores Oculares,
the humours of the Eye, are Three:
  • the Watery, which is contained between the Tunica Cornea, and Urea.
  • 2. The Chrystaline, or Icie Humour, which is contained in the Tunica Uvea, and is thicker than the rest.
  • 3. The Vitre­ous, or Glassy humour, bigger than any of the rest, fills the backward Cavitie of the Eye.
Humores,
the Ancients made Four Humours in the Blood, the Bilious, Pituitous, (Yellow, and Black Choller) Melancholic, and the Blood, pro­perly so called; and that according to the Four Peripatetic Elements: but this Opinion is Cashier­ed, since the invention of the Circulation of the Blood. Yet they are sound, when the blood pre­ternaturally departs from its due Temperature; but they do not constitute an integral part of the blood; for the blood is onely one humour; if otherwise, Tartar in Wine, and Dregs in Beer were constituent parts of Wine and Beer. In Blood that is let, there appear onely Three diffe­rent species of bodies; for in the Surface you see a kind of a Fibrous Crust of Coagulated Blood, which spreads it self over all the whole Mass; then you see certain Red Particles amongst the Fibres, which grow black about the bottom, by reason of their fewness; lastly, you see the Se­rum wherein it swims. But if any one will pro­ceed more acurately, Distill the Blood, and Dis­solve it Chymically, he shall find Five pure bo­dies in it: to wit, Spirit, Sulphur, or Oyl, Water, Salt, and Earth. There are Three General Bu­mours [Page 153]which wash the whole Body, Blood, Lym­pha, (a sort of pure Water) and the Nervous Juice; but there are several particular Humors, as Chyle, Bile, Spittle, Pancreatic, Juice, Seed, &c.
Humores in Secundinis,
Humours in the Three Membranes that cloathe the Faetus in the Womb, are Three in those Animals which have Bladders: at the beginning, when the Eggs falls down from the Testicles into the Womb, the Humours which are to this purpose in the bottom of the Womb; first sink into the Membrane called Chorion, and then into the Amnium: but in progress of time, when the Faetus is Formed, and the Navel Vessels are extended to the Chorion, and the Amnium, we imagine that the Nutritious Humour being recei­ved by the opening of the Veins, is carried to the Faetus, and thence by the Arteries some part of it is carried into the Amnium, as into the Childs Store-house; so that at the said time, the Liquor of the Membrane Amnium may be encrea­sed upon this double account. At last, when the time of delivery draws near, that way of Sweat­ing through seems to cease, and the other onely to take place: unless (as Wharton Writes) The Nutritious Humour descend from the Placenta by the Navel-string, and by the little soft Protube­rances thence pass into the Cavity of the Amni­um: The use of these Humours is to nourish the Faetus at the Mouth. The Third Humour is the Urine, which flows from the Bladder by the Urinarie Passage, into the Urinarie Membrane.
Hyaloides
is the Vitrous Humour of the Eye, contained betwixt the Tunica Retina, and the Aven.
Hybona
is an Incurvation of all the Vertebres.
Hydatides
are little Watery Bladders in the Liver, Spleen, or some other Viseus, common to Hydropical Persons: also an increase of Fat about the Eye-lids.
Hydatoides
is the Watery humour of the Eye, contained betwixt the Tunica Cornea, and Uvea.
Hyderos
the same that Hydrops.
Hydragia,
see Venae Lymphaticae.
Hydragoga
are Medicines which by Fermen­tation and Precipitation purge out the Watery Humours.
Hydrelaeum
is a mixture of Water and Oyl.
Hydrenterocele
is a falling of the Intestines, to­gether with Water, into the outward Skin of the Cods.
Hydroa
are certain little, broad, moist, itching Pimples, like Millet-Seed; sometimes without itching, which render the Skin Ulcerous and rough: the occasion of them is, that Nature en­deavouring to expel the sweat by the Skin, is hin­dred sometimes by its thickness; so that the Mat­ter being lodged there, and the Subtiler parts be­ing either carryed back, by the Lymphatic Ves­sels, or Evaporated, the Skin swells. This Distem­per is familiar and common to Boys, and Young Men; especially of a hot Constitution, when they use too much Exercise in Summer; it infects the Neck, Shoulder-Blades, Breast, Arms, Thighs; yet more frequently the Secret Parts, and the Fundament.
Hydrocele
is a swelling of the outermost Skin of the Cods, proceeding from a Watery Humour.
Hydrocephalum
is a swelling of the Head, by rea­son of a Watery Humour, whence the Sutures of the Brain are forced asunder; it proceeds some­times from a Bursting of the Lymphatic Vessels.
Hydromel, Mead,
is a Decoction of Water, and Honey.
Hydromphalum
is a Protuberance of the Na­vel, proceeding from Watery Humours in the Abdomen.
Hydrophobia
is a Distemper highly Convulsive, accompanied with Fury, and shunning of all things that are Liquid, and Splendid; sometimes with a Delirium, a Fever, and other Symptoms, not without great danger of Life, proceeding from a Bite of a Mad Dog, or a Contagion analogous to it.
Hydropica
are Medicines that expel the Watery Humours in a Dropsie.
Hydrops
is a Stagnation of a Watery Humour in the habit of the Body, or some other Cavity; and it is either general, as an Anasarca and Asci­tes, to which some add a Tympany, but ill: Or particular, confined to one part, as a Dropsie in the Head, Breast, Hand, Foot, &c. of which in their proper place severally.
Hydrops ad Matulam,
the same that Diabetes.
Hydrosaccharum
is a Syrup boiled of Water, and Sugar.
Hygieia
is health, which consists in a good tem­perature, and right confirmation of Parts. Health is a disposition of the parts of humane body, fit for the performance of the Actions of the Body. Signs of Health are Three, due Actions, suitable Qualities, and when things taken in, and let out, are proportionable.
Hygieina
is that part of Physick, which teaches the way of preserving Health: some divide it in­to Three parts, Prophylactic, which takes notice of future imminent Diseases; Synteretic, which pre­serves present health: and Analeptic, which re­covers the Sick.
Hygrocyrsocele
is a branch of a Winding Vein swoln with ill Blood, accompanied with other Moisture.
Hymen
is properly a Membrane; it is taken also for the Private Membrane in a Virgin, which arises from the wrinkling of the lower part of the Vagina; and in Women with Child, when the Womb grows thicker, it disappears.
Hyoides
is a bone placed at the Basis of the Tongue.
Hyothorides
are Two Muscles of the Larynx, proceeding from the Bone Hyoides into the Car­tilage called Scutiformis, like a Shield, and desti­ned to contract, or shut up the opening of the Wind-pipe.
Hypercatharsis
is a Purge that works too much.
Hypercrisis
is a Critical Excresion above mea­sure.
Hyperephidrosis
is a too great Sweating.
Hyperoon
are two holes in the upper part of the Palate, which receives the Pituitous humours from the Mammillary Processes; and after they are sepatated, discharges them at the Mouth.
Hypersarcosis
is an Excrescence of Flesh in any part.
Hypnotica
are those things which by fixing the Spirits, by straitning and shutting up the Pores of the brain, cause Sleep.
Hypochondriacha Affectio,
see Hypochondriacus Affectus.
Hypochondrium, or Subcartilagineum,
is the upper part of the Abdomen, under the Cartilages of the Chest.
Hypocondriacus Affectus,
is a purely Flatulent and Convulsive Passion, arising from Flatulent and Pungent humours in the Spleen, or Sweet-bread which Afflict the Nervous and Membranous parts.
Hypochyma
is a depraved sight, whereby Gnats, Cob-webs, little Clouds, or such like, seem to swim before the Eyes: the cause of it seems to consist in turbid humours, or sometime in the Optic Nerves, whose little Pores are obstructed by the Matter that is thrust into them.
Hypochysis,
the same with Hypochyma.
Hypocratis Manica,
see Manica Hypocratis.
Hypogastrium
is the outermost part of the Ab­domen, betwixt the Hypocondres and the Navel.
Hypoglossis or Ranula
is an Inflamation, or Ex­ulceration under the Tongue: also a Medicine that takes away the Asperity of the Larynx.
Hypophaulum
is a vulgar Diet which observes a mean betwixt a plain and an exquisite Diet.
Hypophorae
are deep and Fistulous Ulcers which gape like Ulcers, and cavities in the Flesh.
Hypophysis,
the same with Hypochyma.
Hypophthalmia
is a pain in the Eye under the Horney Tunic.
Hypopyon
is a gathering of Matter under the Horney Tunic of the Eye.
Hyposarca,
the same with Anasarca.
Hyposarcidium,
the same.
Hyposphagma
is a blood-shot, from a stroak upon the Eye.
Hypostasis Urinae
is that thick Substance which generally subsides at the bottom of Urine.
Hypothenar
is the space from the fore to the lit­tle Finger.
Hypothesis
is the supposition of a thing.
Hypozoma
is a Membrane that parts two Ca­vities, as the Mediastinum in the Thorax.
Hyposiloides,
see Hyoides.
Hysteralgia
is a pain in the Womb, proceeding from an Inflamation, or otherwise.
Hysterica Passio,
Fits of the Mother, is a Con­vulsion of the Nerves of the Par Vagum, and Intercostal in the Abdomen, proceeding from a Pricking Irritation, or Explosion of Spirits: this Distemper does not always depend upon the Womb, as is commonly thought; we have seen it more than once in Men, because the Spleen, Pancreas, and other adjacent Bowels, are often the cause of it.
Hysterica
are Medicines against the Diseases of the Womb.
Hysterotomotocia, or Sectio Caesarea,
is a cutting the Child out of the Womb, which is done thus; You make a Semilunar Section under the Navel, along the White line, the cavity whereof looks to­wards the said Line; then according to the leading of the Fibres, the Faetus being extracted after the Section, the wound in the Womb contracts of it self, so that the Blood scarce flows more plentifully than in a Natural Birth; but if the Mother be dead, chuse the most convenient place you can.
Hysterotomia
is an Anatomical Dissection of the Womb.

A Catalogue of the Authors which have been con­sulted and made use of in this DICTIONARY.

  • AVenzoar.
  • Acta Societ. regiae in Anglia.
  • AEgineta.
  • Agellius.
  • Agricola.
  • Ammonius.
  • F.ab Aquapendente
  • Arantius.
  • Aretaeus.
  • Aristoteles.
  • Asellius.
  • Atheneus.
  • Averrhoes.
  • Avicenna.
  • de Back.
  • Bapt. Porta.
  • Barbette.
  • Casp. Bartholinus.
  • Th. Bartholinus.
  • Bauhinus.
  • Beguinus.
  • Beverovicius.
  • Blasius.
  • Bontius.
  • Boyleus.
  • Budaeus.
  • Calepinus.
  • des Cartes.
  • Cardanus.
  • Cassianus.
  • Castellus.
  • a Castro.
  • Celsus.
  • Charleton.
  • Cicero.
  • Columbus.
  • Columella.
  • Conringius.
  • Cordus.
  • Decker.
  • Deusingius.
  • Diemerbroekius.
  • Dodonaeus.
  • Ent.
  • Erotianus.
  • Euripides.
  • Eustachius.
  • Everhardi.
  • Fallopius.
  • Fannius.
  • Fernelius.
  • Foesius.
  • Fontanus.
  • Forestus.
  • Galenus.
  • Gemma.
  • Glissonius.
  • Gorrhaeus.
  • de Gradibus.
  • Grammatici.
  • de Graef.
  • Guido.
  • Harvaeus.
  • Helmontius.
  • ab Heers.
  • Herodotus.
  • Herophilus.
  • Hesychius.
  • Hesiodus.
  • Otto Heurnius.
  • Joh. Heurnius.
  • Higmorus.
  • Hildanus.
  • Hippocrates.
  • Hoboken.
  • Hofmannus.
  • ab Hogelande.
  • Hollerius.
  • Homerus.
  • van Horne.
  • Horstius.
  • Isidorus.
  • Junius.
  • Johnsonus.
  • Kircherus.
  • Krollius.
  • Kyperus.
  • Langius.
  • Laurentius.
  • Liddelius.
  • L. de Bils.
  • van der Linden.
  • Lowerus.
  • Marchette.
  • Malpighius.
  • Martialis.
  • Massarias.
  • Moebius.
  • Mercurialis.
  • Minsicht.
  • Needham.
  • Nicander.
  • Oribasius.
  • Ovidius.
  • Owenus.
  • Pacuinus.
  • Paracelsus.
  • Paraeus.
  • Passeratius.
  • Pavius.
  • Pecquer.
  • Philotheus.
  • Piso.
  • [Page]Pindarus.
  • Pinaeus.
  • Platerus.
  • Plautus.
  • Plempius.
  • Plinius.
  • Plutarchus.
  • Pollux.
  • Primerosius.
  • Quercetanus.
  • Regius.
  • Renodaeus.
  • Reusnerus.
  • Rhodiginus.
  • Rhodius.
  • Riolanus.
  • Riverius.
  • Rolfinkius.
  • Rondeletius.
  • Roussettus.
  • Reubekkius.
  • Ruisch.
  • Sala.
  • Sanctorius.
  • Salius Diversus.
  • Saxonia.
  • Scaliger.
  • Schapula.
  • Schenkius.
  • Scheinerus.
  • Schola Salernitana.
  • Schroderus.
  • Scultetus.
  • Senguerdus.
  • Sennertus.
  • Severinus.
  • Spigelius.
  • I. Sylvius.
  • D. Le boe Sylvius.
  • Stenonius.
  • Suida.
  • Swaluwe.
  • Swammerdam.
  • Swelfer.
  • Tertullianus.
  • Tulpius.
  • Valverda.
  • Varro.
  • Vesalius.
  • Veslingius.
  • Virgilius.
  • Walleus.
  • Wekkerus.
  • Whartonus.
  • Willisius.
  • Wormius.
  • Et alii plures.
I.
JAnitor,
the same that Pylorus.
Ichor
is a sulphureous and watery Humour which flows from Ulcers.
Ichoroides
is a moisture like Corruption.
Icterus, the Jaundice,
is a changing the Skin into a yellow Colour from an obstruction of the ductus choledochus, or the Glandules of the Liver, through the weakness, obstruction, or Schirres of the Liver, or because the Gall abounds more than can be conveniently excerned, so that it stays in the Blood. It takes its Name from [...], a Ferret, whose Eyes are tinged with the like Colour. Or from a Bird called Icterus of the same Colour, which the Latines call Galbu­lus, which if one sick of the Jaundice sees, says Pliny, the Party is cured, and the Bird dies. The Latines call it Regius Morbus, the Kingly Dis­ease, because it is easily cured in Courts with the Pastimes and Divertisements there which cheer the Mind. It is also called a Suffusion of Gall.
Idea morbi
is the Propriety and Essence of a Disease.
Idiopathia
is a primary Disease, which neither depends on, nor proceeds from any other.
Idiosyncrasia
is a Temperament peculiar to any Body.
Jecur,
the same with Hepar.
Jecur uterinum,
see Placent alteri.
Jejunum intestinum
is the Second of the small Guts, so called, because it is frequently empty: The little glandulous Nipples in it imbibe the [Page 162]Chyle, and convey it to the Milky Veins. Varro calls it Hilla.
Ignis actualis, actual Fire,
is that which burns at first touch, as Fire it self, and seering Irons.
Ignis potentialis, potential Fire,
is a Medicine which after it has laid sometimes upon the part, exerts it self.
Ignis persicus,
the same that Gangraena: It is taken also for a Carbuncle.
Ignis sacer,
the same that Erysipelas: yet some take it for an Herpes.
Ignis sylvestris,
the same that Phlyctaena.
Ignitio
is Calcination made by Fire.
Ile
is the Cavity from the Thorax to the Bones of the Thighs: Pliny observes, that all the Inte­stines in all Animals, except a Man and a Sheep, are called Ile.
Ilia
are the lateral parts of the Abdomen, be­twixt the last Rib and the secret Parts.
Ilingus,
see Scotomia.
Ilium
is the Third of the small Guts: It begins where the Jejunum ends, and ends it self at the Gut called Caecum: It is one and twenty Hand­breadths in length.
Ilium,
is a Disease, for the most part, of the Gut Ilium, and is called Volvulus, when the up­per part of any Intestine is involved in the under, and on the contrary.
Ilium os
is part of the Bone Innominatum, without any particular Name: It is so named because it contains the Gut Ilium. Its Circum­ference is circular, the upper broadest, it is con­nected to the os Sacrum: The upper part of it is called Spina, the interior Costa, and the exteri­or [Page 163] Dorsum: It is larger in Women than Men.
Iliaca passio,
the same that Ilium Morbus.
Iliaca vasa
are those double forked Vessels of the Truncs of the great Artery, and the great Vein of the Abdomen, about the place where the Bladder and the Womb are scituate.
Imaginatio
the same with Phantasia.
Imperfecta crisis,
see Crisis.
Impetigo Celsi,
the same that Lepra Graecorum. Celsus makes four sorts. The most harmiess, says he, is that which is like a Scab, for it is red and harder, and exulcerated and gnawed: But it differs from it, in that it is more exulcerated, and is accompanied with speckled Pimples: And there seem to be in it certain Bubbles, from which after a certain time there fall, as it were, little Scales, and it returns more certainly. Another sort is worse, almost like a sort of Meezles, or hot Pimples in the Skin, but more rugged, and redder, and of different Figures: In this Distemper little Scales too fall from the surface of the Skin, and it is called Rubrica. The third sort is yet worse, for it is thicker and har­der, and swells more, and is cleft on the top of the Skin, and gnaws more violently: It is scaly too, but black, and spreads broad and slow: It is called Nigra. The fourth sort is altogether incurable, of a different colour from the red; for it is something white, and like a fresh Scar, and has pale Scales; some whit [...], some like the little Pulse called Lintell, which being taken a­way, sometimes the Blood follows: Otherwise the Humour that flows from it is white, the Skin hard and cleft, and spreads farther. All these [Page 164]sorts arise especially in the Feet and Hands, and infest the Nails likewise. Impetigo some reckon the same with Lichen.
Impetigo Plinii, Pliny's Impetigo
is the same with Lichen Graecorum.
Inappetentia,
is want of Stomach, for want of Ferment in it.
Inceratio
is a mixture of Moisture with some­thing that's dry, by a gentle soaking till the sub­stance be brought to the consistence of soft Wax.
Incidentia,
the same with Attenuantia.
Incineratio
is the reducing the Bodies of Vege­tables and Animals into Ashes by a violent Fire.
Incisores dentes,
the same that Primores.
Incisorii,
the same with Primores.
Incorporatio
is a mixture whereby moist things are contemperated with dry into one Body, as into a Mass, therefore here is no lingring Nu­trition, but as much moisture is added as is re­quisite to the consistence of the mixed Body, so that it becomes like a Pudding as it were; whence it may be called also Impastatio, and in some things Subactio, a Kneading. Things thus incor­porated must be left in a digestive Heat, that by mutual Action and Suffering they may get one temperature common to them both.
Incrassantia,
thickning things, are those which being endued with thick ropie parts, and mixed with thin liquid Juices, bring them to a thicker consistence by joining and knitting their parts.
Incubus,
see Epialtes.
Incus
is one of the Bones in the inner part of the Ear: It is like a Grinder, and lies under the Bone called Malleus. It has two Processes below; [Page 165]one shorter, which leans upon the scaly Bone; another longer, which sustains the top of the Stapes or triangular Bone, that bears upon the Cavity of the inner part of the Ear, whilst it immerges it self into the place called the Oval Window with a pretty broad Basis.
Indicans
is nothing else than something ob­served in the Body, upon whose account some­thing is said to be done that ought to contribute thereunto.
Indicantes dies
are those days which signify that a Crisis will happen on such a day, which are therefore called indicant and contemplable: Such are 4, 11, 17, 24.
Indicatio
is that which demonstrates what is to be done in Diseases, and it is threefold, praeser­vatorie, which preserves Health; Curative, which expels a Disease that has already seized upon a Person; and Vital, which respects the Strength and way of living.
Indicatum
is that which is signified to be done in order to the recovery of Health.
Indices dies,
see Critici dies.
Indurantia,
see Sclerotica.
Indusium,
see Amnios.
Inedia
is abstaining from Meat, when one eats less than formerly.
Infimus venter,
see Abdomen.
Inflammatio,
see Phlegmone.
Inflatio
is the distention of a part from flatulent matter.
Infundibulum cerebri,
the same that Choana.
Infundibulum renum
is the Pelvis or Basin through which the Urine passes to the Ureters [Page 166]and the Bladder.
Infusio
is an Extraction of the Virtue of Medi­cines with a convenient Liquor, which if it be purgative, it may be taken at once; and to this the Name properly agrees.
Inguen,
is the place from the bending of the Thigh to the secret parts.
Injectio intestinalis,
the same that Clyster.
Inium
is the beginning of the oblongated Marrow, which is the common Sensory, because the Species which are received from the exter­nal Organs are conveyed thither by the Nerves.
Innominata tunica oculi,
the Tunic of the Eye that wants a Name, is a certain subtile Expansion of the Tendons from the Muscles which move the Eye to the circumference of the Iris or horney Membrane.
Innominatum os,
others call it os Coxae, or Ili­um, is placed at the side of the os Sacrum, con­sisting of three Bones, Ilium, os Pubis, and Ischi­um, joined by Cartilages, and appear distinct by three Lines till seven years old, but grow all into one Bone at riper years. They are called al­so Cuneiformia, and Ossa Innominata, nameless Bones.
Innominatus humor, or Insitus,
is a secondary Humour, as the Ancients call it, wherewith they thought the Body was nourished: For those nu­tritious Humours they talked of are four; Inno­minatus, Ros, Gluten, Cambium.
Insania, or Amentia, Madness,
is an Aboli­tion or Depravation of Imagination and Judg­ment.
Insessus
is a Bath for the Belly, proper for the lower Parts, wherein the Patient sits down to the Navel. They are for several uses, as for ea­sing of Pain, softning of Parts, dispelling flatu­lent matter; and frequently for exciting the Courses.
Inspiratio
is an alternate Dilatation of the Chest, whereby the nitrous Air is communicated to the Blood to accend it by the Wind-Pipe, and its Vesicular parts. The cause of Respiration does not seem to consist only in the Dilatation of the Thorax, as is commonly thought, but in the Contraction of the Tunic which covers the up­per part of the oesophagus, and the most close Re­cesses of the Wind-Pipe.
Intellectus,
is Cogitation, whereby a Man ap­prehends an Object: It seems to be transacted in the Corpus Callosum, from the expansion of Spi­rits there.
Intemperies
is a Disease which consists in in­convenient qualities of the Body, and these are either manifest or occult: The Manifest are either simple or compound; the Simple is when one Quality is peccant; as an hot, thin, hard, acid, salt Disposition, &c. the Compound is when more Qualities than one are peccant; as an hot and salt, a cold and acid Disposition, &c. An Oc­cult ill Disposition or Distemper is such as pro­ceeds from some poysonous Qualities, as from the Air, from poysonous Animals, &c. It comes from the Air, when the Nitre in it becomes contagious by reason of standing stinking Wa­ters, daily Droughts, Earth-quakes, &c. whence malignant pestilent Feavers, and Plagues them­selves [Page 168]arise: For the Vapours being taken away, that which remains of the Air (by reason of the Sulphur and Salt in it) contracts an ill Savour, whereupon the Air and its Nitre degenerate from their due Temperature and Crasis. And I be­lieve the same happens from very dry Grounds, for sulphureous and saline Particles intermix with the watery ones above, which render the Nitre of the Air sharp and pointed, like Arsenic, sub­limated Mercury, or Aqua stygia, which being sucked into the Lungs do coagulate, and cor­rode the Mass of the Blood and make its Spirits vanish; whence proceed Quinzies, Plurisies, Pestilential Swellings, &c.
Intercalares dies, or intercidentes,
which others call Provocatorii, are those Days wherein Na­ture, either by reason of the vehemency of the Fit, or some external cause, is excited to expel her Load unseasonably: Such are the 3d, 5, 9, 13, 19.
Intercidentes dies,
see Intercalares.
Intercus,
see Anasarca.
Inter for amineum,
the same that Perinaeum.
Intermissio febrium,
see Apyrexia.
Internuncii dies,
see Critici dies.
Intermittens morbus
is a Disease which comes at certain times, and then remits a little. Inter­mittent Feavers, or Agues, proceed not from any fictitious Focus, but only from a wrong Assimilation of the Chyle.
Inter scapularia
are the Cavities betwixt the Shoulder-blade and the Vertebres.
Intertrigo, or Attritus,
is an Excoriation of the parts near the Fundament, or betwixt the [Page 169]Thighs; or a Fleaing of the Skin proceeding from a violent Motion, especially Riding: It happens frequently to Children, that the Cuti­cula in their Thighs and Hips is separated, and as it were shaven off from the true Skin, which pains them so that it makes them restless.
Intestina,
see Entera.
Involucrum cordis,
see Pericardium.
Jonthus, or varus,
is a little, hard, callous swelling in the Skin of the Face.
Iris
is that fibrous Circle next to the Pupil of the Eye, distinguished with variety of Colours.
Isatodes
is a blew Bile, like the Herb Woad wherewith Cloth is died blew.
Ischaema
are Medicines that stop the Blood, which with a binding, cooling, or drying Virtue close up the opening of the Vessels, or diminish and stop the Fluidity and violent Motion of the Blood.
Ischias
is the Gout in the Hip.
Ischium
is the Hip, or Huckle-Bone.
Ischophonus
is a small Voice.
Ischuretica
are Medicines which thicken the Blood in difficulty of Urine, so that the Urine stops.
Ischuria
is such a Suppression of Urine in the Bladder that little or nothing of it can be dis­charged.
Isthmus
is that part which lies betwixt the Mouth and the Gullet, like a Neck of Land: Also the Ridg that separates the Nostrils.
Ithmoidea ossa,
see Ethmoides.
Itinerarium
is a Chyrurgions Instrument, which being fixed in the Urinary Passage shows [Page 170]the Neck or Sphincter of the Bladder, that an Incision may be more surely made to find out the Stone.
Jugale os,
the same that Zygoma.
Jugularis vena
is that Vein which goes to­wards the Scull by the Neck.
Jugulum,
the same that Furcula.
Julap,
see Julepus.
Julapium,
the same.
Julep,
see Julepus.
Julepus
is a Liquid Medicine taken inwardly, of a grateful taste and clear, made of a conveni­ent Liquor with Syrup or Sugar without any boyling, and of the quantity of three or four Doses, to alter or refrigerate. A Julep consists commonly of one pound and an half of Barley-Water, or of distilled Waters, rarely of Wine, of the cooling Syrup of red Goose-berries, Ber­beries, Violets, &c. to which they commonly add some drops of Sulphur, Vitriol, Salt, &c. to give it a good taste. Juleb, whence the word Julepus comes, is a Persian word, and signifies a sweet Potion.
L.
LAbia leporina
are such Lips as by reason of their ill make will not come together, which some call rostra leporina.
Labyrinthus
is a Body full of windings and turnings, as may be seen in the inner part of the Ear, and in the outer surface of the Brain.
Lac, Milk,
is made by separating of Chyle from the arterious Blood by the Glandules of the [Page 171]Breast. Milk begins to be made for the most part after the going with Young, or a little before the Birth; but it ceases in old Creatures, in those with Young, and in menstruous Persons.
Lacertus,
see Brachium.
Lachrymale punctum
is an hole made in the Bone of the Nose, by which the matter that makes Tears passes to the Nostrils; if the hole grow hard and brawny from an Ulcer in one of the Glandules at the Corners of the Eyes, thence arises a Fistula Lacrymalis.
Lachrymae
are a moisture which is separated by the Glandules of the Eye to moisten the Eyes, which if it be too much so that it cannot be re­ceived by the Punctum Lachrimale, they fall from the Eyes and are called Tears.
Laconicum, Caldarium, and Assa, or Balneum aereum,
was formerly a Cellar without any Wa­ter, made to provoke Sweat, which was done by an hot Vapour, or a dry Heat included there­in.
Lactea vasa,
see Vasa lactea.
Lactes
some take for the Pancreas, or for the Mesenterie, others for the Milky Vessels.
Lactucimina,
the same that Aphthae.
Lactumia,
the same that Achores.
Lacunae
are little Pores or Passages in the Va­gina of the Womb, but no where greater than in the lower part of the Urinary Passage: There flows a certain serous pituitous matter out of these Ductus's which lubricitates the Vagina, and is looked upon as Seed; it flows out in a great quantity in the Act of Coition.
Lagochilus
one who has cloven Lips, see Labia leporina.
Lagophthalmus
one who has Hares Eyes.
Lambdoides
is the backward Suture of the Brain, so called from its likeness to the Letter Λ Lambda.
Lanceta
is a Chyrurgions little Knife, streight, pointed, two-edged; used in opening of Veins, cutting of Fistula's, opening of the Fundament, Yard, or Womb that is shut.
Laqueus
is a Band so tied, that if it be attra­cted, or pressed with weight it shuts up close: Its use is to extend broken or disjointed Bones, to keep them in their places when they are set, to bind the parts close together; the differences of these Laquei, or Bands, are several, having their Names either from the Inventors, or from their Use, or from their likeness to or shape of any thing, or from the manner of lying, or their Effect, which unless they were here delineated, can scarce be understood by a bare Description.
Laryngotomia,
the same that Bronchotomia.
Larynx, Guttur,
according to Galen Larynx is properly the head or top of the Wind-Pipe, which consists of five Cartilages. The first pair is called Scutiforme, like a Shield, which consti­tutes the protuberance in the Neck called Adam's Apple: The second pair is called Annular, be­cause it is round like a Ring: The third and fourth Cartilage some reckon but one, but if the Membrane be took off, it appears to be two, and is called Guttalis and Glottis. The fifth is called Epiglottis, which covers the opening of the Wind-Pipe at the top. Its use is in the Voice and Respi­ration.
Lassitudo,
see Copos.
Lavamentum,
the same that Fotus.
Laudanum
is meant only of a Medicine made of Opiate, and that they call an Opiate Lauda­num, from its excellent Qualities. Authors give several descriptions of it. It allays the most un­supportable Pains, and stops any Flux.
Laxantia,
loosening Medicines, are those which with their benign Particles softning and scour­ing the Intestines cleanse them of their Excre­ments.
Lenientia,
the same with Laxantia.
Leno and Linon
is that part of the Brain called Torcular Herophili, that place where the third Cavity of the Meninx is joined to the first, second, and fourth.
Lentigines, Freckles,
are little Spots especi­ally in Women, and chiefly in their Faces, but sometimes in their Hands, Arms, and the upper part of the Chest which is exposed to the Air; the Skin is sometimes spotted thicker sometimes thinner with them, like as with so many drops, but without any Trouble or Pain; in some they appear only in Summer, and disappear in Win­ter, in others they continue the Year round.
Lepidoides
is the scaly Suture of the Scull, see Mendosa.
Lepra, a Leprosie,
is a dry Scab, whereby the Skin becomes scaly like Fish: It differs from Leuce and Alphus, in that a Leprosy is rough to the touch, and causes an Itching; for the Skin is the only part affected, and therefore that be­ing flea'd off, the Flesh underneath appears sound and well.
Lepra Arabum,
the same that Elephantiasis Graecorum.
Lepra Graecorum, or Impetigo Celsi,
is the high­est degree of Scabbedness; but it must be obser­ved, lest any should be gravell'd in the reading of Authors, that we here speak of the Leprosy of the Greeks, not the Arabians. That which the Ara­bians call a Leprosy is the Elephantiasis of the Greeks, which is nothing else than an Universal Canker of the whole Body. A Leprosy is a Dis­ease proceeding from black Bile diffused through the whole Body, whence the Temperature, the Form and Figure, and at last the very Continu­ity of the Body is corrupted, and it is a Canker common to the whole Body. The Arabians call the Leprosy of the Greeks Albaras nigra, which is the same with a kind of Ring-worm or Tetter which fleas the Flesh, and is a rough violent Scab in the Skin, accompanied with Scales like Fish and itching. There is a greater Corrupti­on of Humours in a Leprosy than in a Scabbedness, and from the latter there only fall little flakes like Dendriff from the Head, but from the for­mer as it were Scales of Fish; so that one passes from Itching to a Leprosy by the Scab. For Pruritus, or Itching, is a certain small Asperity of the Skin, wherein, unless you scratch very hard, nothing falls from the Skin: When it is grown to a scab the Humour is more apparent, and certain little Particles like Dendriff fall off, whether it be scratched or no. For in a Scab the matter is thinner, and at least preys upon the Surface of the Skin: But then in a Leprosy the matter is thicker, and not only feeds upon [Page 175]the Surface but the inner parts of the Skin. Celsus doubtless meant this Leprosy of the Greeks by the Word Impetigo, but not the Lichen of the Greeks, which some call Impeti­go.
Leptuntica
are attenuating cutting Medicines, which part the crass and viscous Humours with their acute Particles.
Lethargus, a Lethargy,
is a Drowziness like another Disease causing an heavy sleep called Coma, accompanied with a Feaver and a Deli­rium; and it is nothing else but an heap of too much or incongruous moist Matter within the Pores of the barky substance of the Brain. This Distemper does not seem to come of it self, but rather from the demigration of Feavers.
Leuce
is when the Hairs, Skin, and sometimes the Flesh underneath turns white; the Flesh be­ing pricked with a Needle is not sensible, nor emits Blood but a Milky Humour. It differs from Alphus in that it penetrates deeper and changes the Skin so that the Hairs are changed too.
Leucoma
is a white Scar in the horney Tunic of the Eye.
Leucophagum
is made of Almonds macerated in Rose-Water, and of Capon or Partridg boi­led, bruised and strained through a Sieve made of Bristles: It is used in a Consumption.
Leucophlegmatia
is a pituitous Dropsy, or a Dropsy that has seized the whole Body.
Lichen
barbarously called Serpigo or Zerna, Halliabbas calls it Petigo and Sarpedo; the vulgar Voliatica. Lichenes are certain Asperities of the [Page 176]Skin, and as it were Tumors, which itch much and send forth Matter: The Greeks and Arabi­ans have made two sorts of Lichens, the one mild and gentle, the other fierce and cruel. And ac­cording to Avicen, some are moist, which being rubbed send forth a kind of Dew, others are dry; and the moist are more safe, but the dry is made of salt pituitous Matter turned into Melan­cholly Blood. And again he writes, that one Manginess (Impetigo) brings off the Skin by rea­son of its great Dryness, and another does not; and that one is ambulatory and malignant, ano­ther fixed and standing; as also one is old, ano­ther fresh. Hence it appears, that the Scabies of Corn. Celsus was nothing but these Lichenes of the Greeks, and the Impetigo of the Arabians. It comes in any part of the Body, but especially in the Face and Chin, as Galen has it; for a Lichen, says he, is a most ungrateful Distemper in the Chin, because it makes it itch exceedingly, and stretches out the parts affected: It is not a little dangerous, it spreads over the whole Face, and sometimes reaches the Eyes, and at last makes the Person affected extream filthy and loathsom. Lichen of the Greeks is Pliny's Impetigo, or an In­equality of the Skin, extending it self to the neighbouring parts, and accompanied with an extraordinary Itching and dry Pimples. Lichen is also the callous part in an Horses Foot; like­wise a sort of green Moss.
Libra medica,
a Physicians Pound, is twelve Ounces; for as often as they prescribe a Pound they mean so many Ounces.
Lien,
see Splen.
Lienteria
is a Looseness when the Meat is sent out before it be altered.
Ligamentum, a Ligament,
is a solid and very fibrous part, proceeding almost from Matter like a Cartilage, different in size, number, and sci­tuation, broad or round, cold, as it comes near the constitution of a Membrane or a Cartilage, dryer or moister, harder or softer, more or less tough and flexible, and designed by Nature for the connecting of Parts, especially Bones, that they may better perform their Motions.
Ligula,
the same that Clavicula.
Linea alba
is a concourse of the Tendons of the Muscles of the Abdomen, excepting the Ten­dons of the streight ones. For the Tendons of the Oblique Muscles unite, and meet so on both sides, that they make a kind of Tunic that co­vers the Abdomen, as if they were all but one Tendon. It is white and not fleshy, proceeding from the pointed Cartilage to the os Pubis; and is narrower below the Navel than above.
Lingua, the Tongue,
is an oblong, broad, thick Member, and thicker at the Roots and thinner and sharper at the end; of a moderate bigness, that it may move more quickly. In the Exterior and upper part of the Tongue there are a great many little Bodies which break out from the Surface of the Tongue, and crooking moderately incline backwards towards the Root, so that they look like a Comb that cards Wooll. These Cartilaginous Bodies in an Ox especially seem to resemble the Figure of a Boare's Tooth; in the lower part they have a certain Cavity: They are made of a thick tenacious fibrous Mat­ter, [Page 178]which seems like a heap of little Rods: About the sides of the Tongue they grow smal­ler and smaller, so that they almost disappear, and certain membranous Bodies are placed at their Basis, which look like a Conical, and then by and by a more obtuse pappy Substance: All the little Protuberances are clothed with the Membrane of the Tongue; they are firmly im­planted in a certain tenacious Tunic of the Tongue, there being under them a crass viscous, or nervous Substance, especially in those places, where there are remarkable Pits in the Tongue disposed in like order and manner, so that in the inner part of the Tongue there are a great many of them, which are firmly implanted in a certain viscous sort of Body. When the Mem­brane that covers the whole Tongue is taken off there appears a certain glutinous Substance; then a nervous pappy Body something yellow, which spreads like the Membrane, and discovers remarkable nervous Protuberances disposed of in a wonderful order. The next thing that ap­pears are little Nipples in greater abundance than those spoke of and of another order; for as many little Protuberances as cover the outside of the Tongue, so many nervous Nipples of this sort are found within; these proceed from the common pappy Substance, grow tolerably high, and shoot out farther into nervous Sprouts from the top of them, about which you discover innu­merable little Protuberances proceeding from the same Stock, and of an equal height, only slenderer, like a Cone, and which go within their proper Cavities ready made in the crass [Page 179]viscous Substance before mentioned, and at last end towards the outermost Membrane. Fur­thermore the Substance of the Tongue is Muscu­lous. The Centre of the Tongue consists of se­veral sorts of Fibres, long, transverse, and ob­lique, which being mutually interwoven with one another look like a Coverlet or Blánket: It owes its Motion to peculiar Muscles of its own, wherewith it is contracted and abbreviated. The pairs of Muscles are the Styloglossum, Basio­glossum, Genioglossum, Ceratoglossum, and Mylo­glossum.
* Lithontriptica,
are Medicines which break the Stone.
Lithotomia
is a cutting the Stone out of the Bladder, and is thus performed. The Opera­tor lays the sick Person upon a soft Pillow in the Bosom of some strong Man, after he has lept three or four times from on high, then he ties the Hands on each side fast to the sole of the Foot, and two People standing on each side hold the Knees as open as possible: After this the O­perator moistening one Finger of his left Hand, or if necessity require, the two foremost, with Oil of white Roses, thrusts them up into the Fundament, and with his right Hand presses the upper parts of the Secrets lightly, that by this means the Stone may be brought to the Perinaeum, which when he has forced thither with his Fin­gers, he cuts with a two edged Knife proporti­onably to the bigness of the Stone, in the left side betwixt the Testicles and the Fundament, near to the Suture of the Perinaeum, bringing the Stone towards the Knife: And if the Stone [Page 180]come not out either of its own accord, or by the thrusting of the Fingers, he draws it out with Pincers, or some such Instrument of Art. The Stone being drawn out, and all the Bands being loosed, he closes the Wound duly, applys Reme­dies to stop the Blood, and takes care that the Wound be closed up, least the Urine should con­tinually drop through. This way is called Ap­paratus minor, and is used especially in Boys, tho it be frequently practised too in adult Persons in these Countries. But in the Apparatus major, or the greater Operation, the Patient bound as before is set upon a Table and held there, then the Chyrurgion thrusts in his Instrument called Itinerarium by the Urinary Passage into the Blad­der as far as the very Stone, and cutting an hole as before, He puts another Instrument called Conductor into the hollow part of the Itinerarium through the Wound, then the Itinerarium being taken out of the Urinary Passage, he puts in his Instrument called Forceps (a sort of Pincers) or any other sit to pull out the Stone, through the Wound he made, that he may lay hold of the Stone and bring it out. This being done, the Wound is bound up and consolidated as 'tis in Children, only if it be large, it is saved, and an Instrument of Silver applyed to it for two or three days, which is useful to let out concreted Blood, Flegm, and gravelly Urine. There is yet another way of taking out the Stone, to wit, by making an hole in the Abdomen by which the Stone is taken out of the bottom of the Bladder, and in this way no dribling of Urine need to be feared.
Lithotomus
is a Chyrurgion who is skilful in cutting out the Stone.
Lobus auris
is the lower part, or teap of the Ear.
Localia Medicamenta
are those which are ap­plied outwardly, as Plaisters, Ointments, Salves, &c.
Loch, and Lohoch,
the same that Eolegma.
Lochia
are those things which are evacuated by Women in Child-bed, after the Birth of the Foetus and the Membranes called Secundinae.
Lohoch,
the same that Eclegma.
Loimographia
is a Description of contagious Diseases.
Loimos
is pestilent Poyson, which proceeds from the Nitre of the Air too highly exalted and pointed with heterogeneous Particles, which being taken into the Lungs infects and corrupts the Blood and the animal Spirits.
Longanon,
the last Gut, see Intestinum rectum.
Lopidoides,
the same that Lepidoides.
Lordosis
is the bending of the Back-bone for­ward.
Lotio
is in a manner a particular Bath, where­in the Head, Arm-pits, Hands, Feet, and na­tural Parts are washed, and that with physical Decoctions: Some Medicines are also thus wash­ed, by reason of their Saltness and Acrimony, as in Calx, and the heavier Soil of Brass that sticketh to the higher places of Furnaces or Mel­ting-houses.
Lotium,
see Ʋron.
Lozongae, Lozenges,
the same that Morsuli.
Lues Venerea, Morbus Gallicus,
the French Pox, is a malignant and contagious Distemper, [Page 182]communicated from one to another by Coition, or other impure Contact, proceeding from virulent Matter, and accompanied with the falling of the Hair, Spots, Swellings, Ulcers, Pains, and many other direful Symptoms.
Lumbaga
is a Pain in the Muscles of the Loins clogged with Scorbutick Matter, so that the Patient is forced to stand upright.
Lumbrici
are little Worms or Animals pro­duced by Corruption in humane Bodies; they are of different Shapes, round, &c.
Lupia
is a Tumor, or Protuberance, about as big as a sort of Bean. Some take it for a Meliceris, others for a Ganglio.
Lupinus
is equal to half a dram.
Lupus
is a sort of Canker in the Thighs and Legs.
Lutatio
is a Cementing of chymical Vessels.
Luxatio, disjointing,
is when a Bone goes out of its own Cavity into another place, which hinders voluntary Motion.
Lycanthropia, rabies Hydrophobica,
a Mandness proceeding from a mad Wolf, wherein Men imitate the howling of Wolves.
Lycoides
is a Madness like that of Wolves, proceeding from the Retention of Seed.
Lygmos, the Hickets,
is a couvulsive Motion of the Nerves which spread up and down the Gullet, returning after short Intermissions: It proceeds from some truoblesome Matter that vellicates the AEsophagus.
Lympha
is a clear limpide Humour, consisting of the nervous Juice and of Blood, which being continually separated by the Glandules, is at last [Page 183]discharged into the Blood again by Vessels pe­culiar to it. The Lympha comes not immedi­ately from the Blood or nervous Juice, as some think, but it is the Superfluity of each, which was more than enough for the Nourishment of a part, like the Marrow in Bones: It is taken sometimes for that Water which flows from the Pricking of Nerves and other Wounds, and which does not really flow from the Nerves themselves, but from the Lymphatick Vessels which are cut and wounded.
Lymphatica vasa,
see Venae Lymphaticae.
Lynx,
the same that Lygmus.
Lyteria
is a sign of the loosening of a great Disease.
M.
MAcrocosmus
is the whole Universe.
Macula epatica
is a Spot of a brown, or of a sad yellow Colour, about an hand's breadth broad, chiefly seizing upon the Groins, the Breast and back; nay sometimes it covers the whole Body, is attended with a certain sleight Asperity of the Skin, which lets fall Scales, or a sort of Dendriff from it, which yet do not stick altogether, but are disseminated here and there, and sometimes disappear, sometimes break out again.
Macula Matricalis
is a spot with which a Child is born, of brownish Colour.
Macula volaticae
is a red or purple Spot here and there in the Skin, which if it touch any Orifice in the Body, as the Mouth, Nostrils, [Page 184]Eyes, Ears, &c. and pierce so far, it becomes mortal; fatal to Children.
Madarosis
is a Baldness of the Head.
Magdaleones
are pieces of Plaister made up in form of a Cylender.
Magisterium
properly signifies a Powder pre­pared by Solution and Precipitation, impro­perly a resinous Matter made the same way, which is more truly called an Extract. Magi­steria as they are various, so are they variously prepared; a solvent Liquor is always poured upon a dry Matter, reduced to durst, if it can be had, or (if necessary) calcined, which is diffe­rent according to the Diversity of the Magisteri­um, plain or distilled Vinegar, both by it self, and sharpened with Spirit of Nitre, Vitriol, Salt, &c. These are only in Minerals and Ani­mals; a Lixivium prepared of Salt of Tartar and Water in Vegetables, Spirit of Wine in things sulphureous, that is, endued with an oily part; Yet these things belong rather to Extracts. There is a precipitating Liquor poured upon dissolved Bodies, commonly Oil of Tartar per deliquium, Urine, salt Water, Spirit of Vitriol, Nitre, &c. in Minerals and Animals common Water, or Allum-water in Vegetables; and there will subside at the bot­tom of the Glass a coagulated Substance which must be dried, and if necessity require, first sweetened and then burned.
Magistralia medicamenta
are those Medicines which Physicians use to prescribe in the Shops for several uses, they are commonly called usu­alia, usual, because they ought to be used fre­quently, [Page 185]once a Week, twice a Month, or the like.
Magma
signifies the Dregs that are left after the streining of Juices.
Malacia
is a depraved Appetite which covets those things which are never eat: Also a Ten­derness of Body.
Malactica, or Emollientia
are those things which soften parts with a moderate Heat and Moisture, by dissolving some of them, and dissi­pating others.
Malagma
was the same with our fore-Fathers, as Cataeplasma.
Malagma,
the same that Malacticum.
Malignus Morbus,
a malignant Disease, is that which rages more vehemently and continues longer than its Nature seems to pretend to, as a pestilent Feaver, &c.
Malleus
is one of the four little Bones in the Ear.
Malleus pedis,
see Malleolus.
Malleolus, or Malleus,
is twofold, external, which is the lower Process at the foot of the Bone of the Leg called Fibula: Or internal, which is the lower Process of the Bone of the Leg, called Tibia, these make the Ancle.
Malthacode
is a Medicine softened with Wax.
Malum mortuum,
the dead Disease, is a sort of Scab, so called because it makes the Body ap­pear black and mortified: It is accompanied with Colours black and blew, and with a crusty sort of Pimples, black, and filthy, but without Matter, Sense, or Pain. It infects the Hips and Legs especially.
Mamma, Mammilla, Ʋber, the Breast, Dugs, &c. the Grammarians
call the inner part Ʋbera, and the outward Protuberances Mammae. A Breast or Dug is a globous, white, and soft Body, lay­ing upon the pectoral Muscle on both sides, made up of conglomerated Glandules in the in-side, by the mediation whereof the Milk is separated from the arterious Blood, and is conveyed out by very little Pipes, which pass through the Nipples.
Mammiformes processus
are two Apophyses of the Bone of the back part of the Scull.
Mammilla,
the same that Mamma.
Mandibula, Maxilla,
the Jaw, is either upper or lower. The upper is made of twelve Bones, on each side six. The first is at the external corner of the Eye, which joyned with the fore-pro­cess of the Bone of the Temples produces the jugal Bone. The second constitutes the inner corner of the Eye, has a large Passage in it, by which the superabundant Moisture of the Eye descends to the Nostrils. The third is within the circle of the Eye, interposed betwixt the other two. The fourth, the greatest of all, makes the greatest part of the Cheeks and the Palate, and is elaborately carved for the Reception of the Teeth. The fifth helps to make the Nose. The sixth with another Bone along with it ter­minates the extremity of the Palate: And all these are joined rather by a plain Line than by Sutures. The lower Jaw at riper Years grows into one continued Bone, extream hard, and thick, and consequently very strong: It has two Processes, one acute, called Corone, the [Page 187]other in the form of a little Head, called Con­dylus. It has two Holes within, and as many without which make way for the Nerves; the under Teeth are implanted in it, and it is joyn­ted with the inner side of the Bone of the Tem­ples called Os petrosum.
Mania,
a sort of Madness, is a deprivation of Imagination and Judgment, with great Rage and Anger, but without a Feaver and Fear: It proceeds from sulphureo-saline Animal Spirits, like Aqua stygia, which cause strange furious Impulses in the Body, not by consent of Parts, but by their own Strength.
Manica Hypocratis,
is a woollen Sack, in form of a Piramide, wherewith Aromatick Wines, Medicines, and other Liquors arestreined.
Maniodes
is a Phrensy, like the Madness which is meant by Mania.
Manipulus
is a dry Measure, usual with Physi­cians in their Prescriptions; for it is a determi­nate quantity, to wit, as much as can be held in one hand; meant for the most part of Herbs. Fasciculus is a different quantity from Mani­pulus, an handful, for it properly signifies an arm-full.
Manus Christi
is a sort of Sugar, so called be­cause it is put into Cordials for very weak People.
Marasmodes
is a Feaver which at last ends in a Consumption.
Marisca,
the same that Ficus.
Marmarygae
are the Glistenings and Corrusca­tions of the Eyes.
Marmelata, Marmelate,
is the Juice of Quin­ces condensated into a Gelly with Sugar; and is either plain or spiced, for the use of Families.
Marmorata aurium, Ear-wax,
is a certain Ex­crement of the Ears, laid there in the auditory Passage from the openings of the Arteries, or sweat out from the Cartilages.
Masseteres
are Muscles of the lower Jaw, pro­duced from the upper, and the jugal Bone, they are connected to the lower Jaw, and can move it right-side, left-side, and forward by reason of the various Disposition of Fibres.
Masticatio, chawing,
is an Action whereby we mince the Meat, and mix it with the Spittle cated Juice in the Mouth.
Masticatorium
is a Medicine which is masti­to provoke spitting.
Mastoidei
are Processes like Breasts or Dugs, which from a broad Basis end in an obtuse top, and are shaped like Tears in a Cows Udder: Also Muscles which bend the Head, proceeding from the Neck-bone and the Breast-bone, termina­ting in the Process Mammiformis, i. e. like a Dug or Pap.
Mastos,
the same that Mamma.
Mater dura
is a Membrane which sticks close to the Scull within in some places, and mediate­ly covers both the Brain and Cerebellum, or little Brain; it has four Cavities which supply the place of Veins, and come together betwixt the Brain and Cerebellum, which Conjunction Hero­philus calls torcular.
Mater tenuis
is a Membrane which immediate­ly clothes the Brain and Cerebellum, extreamly [Page 189]full of sanguinary Vessels, made to keep in the Spirits generated in the Brain and Cerebellum, that they fly not away.
Matracium
is nothing but a little Sack, where­in is calcined Tartar or the like, pricked here and there for the emission of Liquor.
Matrix,
the same that Ʋterus.
Maxilla superior,
the upper Jaw-bone, has eleven Bones belonging to it, five on each side, and one without a fellow.
  • 1. In the lesser Cor­ner of the Eye.
  • 2. In the greater Corner of the Eye.
  • 3. Which is the greatest of all, con­stitutes the whole Palate, and contains the up­per Teeth.
  • 4. With its Partner constitutes the ridge of the Nose.
  • 5. Is placed at the extre­mity of the Palate, where the Holes of the No­strils tend towards the upper part of the Gul­let: See Mandibula.
Maxilla inferior,
the lower Jaw-borne is that which contains the under-Teeth; it has a Pro­cess on each side, the foremost, called Corone, the hinder Condylus.
Meatus auditorius,
the auditory Passage begins from the Cavity of the inner part of the Ear, and is clothed with a thin Skin as far as the brim of the Tympanum, or drum of the Ear: It's use is to receive the Air and audible Species, and to contain the Ear-wax.
Meatus urinarius,
see Ʋrethra.
Meconium, Opiate,
or the condensed Juice of Poppies. Also the Excrements of a Faetus, which stick to the Intestines after the Birth, so called from the Blackness of Poppy-Juice.
Meconologia
is a Description of opium.
Mediana Vena
is the middle Vein in the bend­ing of the Cubit betwixt the Cephalick and Ba­silick: It is safely opened, because there's nei­ther Nerve nor Artery under it.
Mediastinum
is a doubling of the Membrane of the sides, which divides the Lungs and other Viscera of the Breast into two parts. It pro­ceeds from the Vertebres of the Back, and go­ing on forward reaches the Breast-bone, and makes this Partition.
Medicamentum, a Medicine,
is a convenient help, whereby Diseases are repelled for the re­covery of Health; and it is either actual, which affects the Body at first touch with that Quali­ty it is endowed with, as hot Iron, cold Water: Or potential, whose Efficacy is not perceived till it be stirred up from some stay in the Body, as Pepper, Raddish, sharp Salts, &c. Again, a Me­dicine is endowed with first, or second, or third Qualities, all which depend upon the Tem­perament and the various Motion of Particles in our Bodies. Medicine is threefold, Chy­rurgery, Physick, strictly so called, and Diet.
Medicina, Physick,
is an Art assistant to Na­ture, and preserving Health in Human Bodies as much as is possible by convenient Remedies. Senertus and others rightly divide it into five parts:
  • 1. Physiologia, which treates of Human Constitution, as it is sound and well, to which belongs Anatomy too.
  • 2. Pathalogia, which treats of the preternatural Constitution of our Bodies.
  • 3. Semiotica, which treats of the signs of Health and Diseases.
  • 4. Hygieina, which delivers Rules of the Regimen to be observed in [Page 191]the Preservation of Health.
  • 5. Therapeutica, which teaches Diet, Chyrurgery, and Medicine. The general Division of Physick is only into two parts; the Theory and the Practice; the Subject of Physick is human Body, as curable; and its end and design Health. Hippocrates calls it a long Art, and Paracelsus a short one; and certain Arabians a little one, but in reality it is a long, a great, and noble Art.
Medicinalis dies,
see Criticidies.
Medicus,
a Physician, is a Man highly skilful in the art of Physick, modest, sober, and cour­teous. Scaliger describes a Physician thus, That he ought to be a learned, honest, mild, dili­gent, a fortunate Man, and of ripe Years, one that relies upon God, not arrogant with his Knowledg, Labour or Success, nor covetous.
Medius Venter;
see Thorax.
Medulla
in Mineralogia in the Description of Minerals, is that softish part which is found in some Stones in Phytologia, or Description of Plants, it signifies the middle, softer and more excellent part, which they call also Cor and Matrix.
Medulla cerebri
is a white soft Substance, cove­red on the out-side with the barky Substance, which is more of an ashy Colour; it makes that which is called the Corpus callosum, or callous Bo­dy, within: Imagination and the Distribution of Animal Spirits are performed there. Mal­pighius asserts that it consists of innumerable Threds or Filaments.
Medulla oblongata
is the beginning of the Spi­nal Marrow, whence arise the Nerves within [Page 192]the Scul, it descends to the Os sacrum, through the Hole of the hinder part of the Head and the Vertebres. It sends out ten pair of Nerves to the Chest, the Abdomen, and the Limbs. It is called also the common Sensory, because that where the Original of the Nerves is, there is the common place of the Reception of Species from the external Senses.
Medulla Ossium,
Marrow in the Bones, is a fat Substance laid up in the Cavities, or Poro­sities of the Bones by the Arteries; it is kept in a Membrance, and is quite destitute of all Sense; it is red in the greater Cavities, white in the less, soft and succulent in spungy Bones. We may imagine likewise, that it is but a sweating of the Bones, in that they receive more sulphure­ous fat Matter than they can convert into Nou­rishment, which afterwards flows to the inner part of the Bones by Ductus's and little Ca­vities for that purpose, after that is received by the Veins, and communicated to the Blood.
Medulla spinalis,
the spinal Marrow, or the tail of the Brain, is that part which goes down the middle of the Back by the Vertebres, and is terminated at the Os sacrum; it is also of the same nature and use with the Brain; it is a Coagmen­tation of Nerves, and has the use of them; upwards it is forked; hence if either party be obstructed there arises a Palsy of one side. It sends out thirty pair of Nerves on each side to the Limbs, great Cavities, and other parts of the Body. If it be washed with a convenient Li­quor, it twill sever into a great many little Fibres.
Megalosphlanchnus
is one who has great swell­ing Bowels.
Mela
is a Chyrurgeons Instrument, called Spe­cillum, the vulgar call it Tenta, a Tent, from trying. It is made for the most part of Silver, or Ivory, and that to probe Ulcers, or to draw the Stone out of the Yard, &c. It is of different Shapes according as it is differently used.
Melanagoga
are Medicines that expel black Choler.
Melancholia
is a Sadness without any evident Cause, whereby People fancy terrible and some­times ridiculous things to themselves: It pro­ceeds from the Degeneracy of the Animal Spirits from their own spirituous saline Nature into an Acide, like the Spirit of Vitriol, Box-tree, Oak, &c. Also it is called black Choler, or black Blood, Adust, and Salino-sulphureous.
Melas,
see in Alphus.
Meliceri
is a Tumour shut up within a Tu­nick, proceeding from matter like Honey, with­out Pain, round, yielding if pressed, but quickly returning again. It seems to proceed from Lymphatick Particles which do not circulate right, and which when the Moisture is evapo­rated, leave a honyish-kind of Substance.
Melicratum
is a Drink made of one part Ho­ney, and eight parts Rain-water.
Membrand
is a nervous, fibrous, broad, plain, white, and dilatable Substance, which covers the Bowels, the great Cavities of the Body, the Muscles, &c. and is endowed with an exqui­site Sense.
Membrana carnosa,
the same that Panniculus carnosus.
Membrana Ʋrinaria,
the same that Allantois.
Membrum, a Member,
is an organical Body, made up of several similar parts, designed for the performance of voluntary Actions.
Memoria,
Memory, is the retention of Marks or Footsteps impressed in several places in the barky Substance, or folding Fibres of the Brain by the motion of Objects. Memory resides in the substance of the Brain, called Corticalis, like Bark.
Mendosa Sutura, or Squammea,
is a scaly Con­nexion of Bones, as may be seen in the Bone of the Temples, and the Bone of the fore part of the Head.
Meningophylax
is that which preserves the Me­ninx or Membrane of the Head, as thin Gold or Silver Plates, which are applied when the Skull is opened.
Meninx,
see Mater dura & tenuis.
Mensa
is the broader part of the Teeth called, Grinders, which chaws and minces the Meat.
Menses, the Courses,
are Excretions of Blood every Month from the Womb, and not from its Neck or Passage called Vagina. The cause thereof consists in a fermentative Matter, generated in the Substance of the Womb; or a seminal Matter, infused into the Blood from the Testicles, or Ovaria in a Woman, which being mixed with the mass of the Blood, ferments it into such a motion, that it is forced to discharge it self every Month. They begin usually when young Maids grow ripe, at twelve or fourteen, but [Page 195]cease naturally in Women with Child, past Children, and those that give suck.
Menstrua alba,
see Fluor albus.
Menstruum Mulierum,
see Menses.
Menstruum
is that which is to be distilled, or a Liqour which corrodes Metals, and dissolves Stones, as Vinegar, Aqua fortis, Spirit of Wine, &c. It may be taken also for the Caput mortuum, which is left after Distillation.
Mentagra
is a sort of wild Tetter or Ring­worm, which was not known in Claudius's days.
Mesaraeum,
the same that Mesenterium; whence its Vessels are called as well Mesaraick, as Me­senterick.
Mesaraica vasa,
see in Mesaraeum.
Mesenteria vasa,
see Mesaraeon.
Mesenterium
is the Membrane of the Peritonae­um doubled, enriched with Glandules, Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Chyliferous and Lymphatick Vessels; it is in the middle of the Abdomen, and contains the Intestines in a wonderful manner. It has a great Glandule in the middle called Pan­creas Asellis; about which are several other less Glandules, to which the milky Vessels of the first rank tend from the Intestines, and Lympha­tick Vessels from the Liver and other Parts; from these Glandules again the milky Vessels of the second rank ascend to the Vessel that carries the Mass of Chyle, and discharge themselves into it.
Meseraeum,
see Mesaraeum and Mesenterium.
Mesocolon
is that part of the Mesentery which is continued to the great Guts.
Mesonuctium
is the middle of the Night.
Mesopleurii
are the intercostal Muscles, twenty two on each side, eleven external, and as many internal.
Metabole
is a change of Time, Air, or Diseases.
Metacarpus and Metacarpium
is the back of the Hand, made of four oblong little Bones, which expand the Palm of the Hand, and they are called Post-Brachialia.
Metacondyli
are the utmost Bones of the Fingers.
Metalepticus
is a Metaleptick Motion of the Muscles.
Metallum, Mettal,
is a solid, rigid Substance, found in Mountains and subterraneous Cavities. The several sorts of them are comprehended in this Verse. Sol, Mars, Luna, Venus, Saturnus, Jupiter, Hermes.
Gold
is the most solid Metal, the Tincture whereof is highly extolled by the Chymists.
Metallurgus, or Metallicus,
is one who searches after Metalls, as the Chymists.
Metapedium,
the same in the Foot, that Meta­carpus is in the Hand.
Metaphrenum
is that part of the Back which comes after the Diaphragme.
Metaptosis
is the degenerating of one Disease into another, as of a Quartane Ague into a Tertian; and on the contrary, of an Apoplexy into a Palsy, &c.
Metastasis
is when a Disease goes from one part to another; which happens to Apoplectick People, when the Matter which affects the [Page 197]Brain is translated to the Nerves.
Metasyncrisis
is the Operation of the Medicine externally applied, which fetches out the Hu­mours from their closest Recesses.
Metatarsus
are the five little Bones of the Foot, connected to the Bones of the first part of the Foot, which immediately succeeds the Leg.
Methodica Medicina
is that which was inven­ted by Themison Laodiceus, and improved by Thessalus Trallianus, who said that the Art might be learned in six Months time.
Methodus
is a part of Physick whereby Reme­dies are found out by Indications for the Re­stauration of Health.
Metopum
is the Fore-head.
Metrenchyta
is an Instrument wherewith Li­quors are injected into the Womb.
Miasma
is a contagious Infection in the Blood and Spirits, as in the Plague and Scurvy.
Microcosmus, Man
is called the little World as a Compendium of the greater.
Microphthalmus
is one who has little Eyes from his Birth.
Miliaris herpes,
see Herpes.
Miserere mei, or Chordapsus,
is a most vehe­ment Pain in the Guts, proceeding from an In­flammation of them, or Involution and the pe­ristaltick Motion inversed; whence the Excre­ments are discharged by the Mouth. It is called also Volvulus.
Mitella
is a Swathe that holds up the Arm when it is hurt or wounded.
Miva
is the Flesh or Pulp of a Quince boiled up with Sugar into a thick Consistence.
Mixtura
is a solid or liquid Substance mixed together of several Medicines. Mixtures are very different according to the scope of the Physician; they are taken especially in Drops or Spoonfuls, and sometimes in Draughts. They are made either of Liquors only, such as are di­stilled Waters, Spirits, and Oils, any way mix­ed together, as Waters with Waters, Oil with Oil, Waters with Spirits, &c. or of Liquors with convenient Syrups, Pouders, Consections, Opiates, all of them together, or only some.
Mna, or Mina, an Attick Mna
contains an hundred Drams, or twelve Ounces and an half; the Roman, ninety six Drams, or twelve Ounces; the Alexandrian, an hundred and sixty Drams, or twenty Ounces.
Modiolus, Trepanum, or Anabaptiston,
is an In­strument which they use in profound Corrupti­ons, Contusions, Cuts and Fractures of Bones, not easily, tho to be, applied; unless, 1. The Chips and Prominences of the Bones prick, 2. When the upper Table is entire, but de­pressed, and the lower broken. 3. When the extravasated Blood would choak a Man with Corruption. The manner of perforating is thus: When the Hairs are shaven off, the Skin is to be cut to the Pericranium, avoiding as prudently as may be the Muscles of the Temples and the Sutures, and for this time the Wound is to be bound up, unless there be so little Blood spilt, that the Membrane, called Pericranium, may at the same time be pulled off from the Scull: [Page 199]Then after a few Hours you may stop the Ears of the Patient, and take one of these Instruments called a Masculine Modiolus, whose point is to be fixed in the Skull, but so far off the Fracture, that it touch it not, much less the Suture, with its Teeth; tho some never avoid the Sutures, and assure us that they have perforated them as successfully as any other part: Then hold the In­strument fast with the left-hand, and turn it round with the right, till you have cut out a pretty deep Circle: After this take a Feminine Modiolus (which has no point in the middle) and turn it round as before: In the mean time take away the Dust that proceeds from the Per­foration, and moisten the Instrument in Oil and Water to make it cool and slippery: The Blood that appears with shew that you are now gone as deep as the second Table, i. e. beyond the Scull to the Meninx, and then you must press very gently, lest the Membrane of the Brain be unadvisedly hurt; when the Bone begins to wag, put something in betwixt the sides of the Wound, loosen it, and take it out with a pair of Chirurgeons Pincers.
Mola, Patella, or Rotula,
is a round and broad Bone, at the joynting of the Thigh and Leg, where the Knee, excepting this Bone, is begirt with a Membranous Ligament.
Mola carnea,
is a fleshy, and sometimes a spun­gy Substance without Bones, or Bowels; it is often black like concreted Blood; and some­times extream hard, preternaturally brought into the World instead of a Faetus.
Molares, or Maxillares Dentes;
see Dentes.
Mollientia;
see Emollientia.
Melopes, Vibices, Enchymoma, Sugillationes,
all signify the same thing; red Spots like those which remain in the Skin after beating, in ma­lignant and pestilential Fevers.
Molynsis,
the same that Miasma.
Monocolum
is the Gut Caecum.
Monohemera
are Diseases that are cured in one day.
Monopagia,
see Monopegia.
Menopegia
is a sharp Pain in the Head, afflict­ing one single place.
Mons Veneris
is the upper part of a Woman's Secrets, something higher than the rest.
Morbilli, the Meazles,
are red Spots which proceed from an aerial Contagion in the Blood, they neither swell nor are suppurated, and differ only in degree from the Small-pox.
Morbus, a Disease,
is such a Constitution of Body as renders us inapt for the due perfor­mance of our Actions: Or, it is an ill Constitu­tion in a Man which hurts any of our Faculties, according to Sylvius de le Boc. Diseases are two-fold, either from an ill Conformation, or an In­disposition: An ill Conformation is six-fold, for it sonsists in Number, Magnitude, Figure, Cavity, Surface and Situation: Indisposition is either occult or manifest; the Occult is poysoned, con­tagious, and pestilent; the Manifest s either simple, as hot, cold, moist, dry, &c. or com­pound, when more Qualities than one are peccant at once, as cold and moist, hot and moist, &c. There's a Disease by Idiipothia, peculiar to ones self, by Protopathia, when one [Page 201]has it first, by Deuteropathia, at second hand, and by Sympathy. Also Diseases are simple or compound, gentle or malignant, short, long, acute, continued, intermittent, hereditary, na­tive, Pituitous, bilious, melancholy, Summer, Winter, Autumnal, Epidemick, &c.
Morbus Regius,
the same that Icterus.
Moretum
is a sort of Drink which our Wo­men use much when they think they have con­ceived, for they are perswaded that it spoils a false Conception and strengthens a true one: It is so called from the Mulberries they put in it.
Moria, Dulness or Folly, or Stupidity,
is a de­fect of Judgment and Understanding; it pro­ceeds chiefly from lack of Imagination and Me­mory.
Morosis,
the same that Moria.
Morphaea,
the same that Alphus.
Morselli,
the same that Morsuli.
Morsuli, Tabellae,
they are Medicines of a square Figure for the most part, made of Powders and the like mixed with Sugar dissolved and poured upon a wooden, stone, or brazen Table, to be consolidated.
Morsus canis rabidi,
the same that Cynanthropia.
Mortariola,
are the Caverns wherein the Teeth are lodged.
Morum,
the same that Pladarosis.
Motos
is a peice of Linnen teezed like Wool, which is put into Ulcers, and stops a Flux of Blood.
Motus Peristalticus,
see Peristalticus.
Muccus,
the same that Mucus.
Mucago
is a viscous Extraction, made of Seeds, Gums, Roots, &c. with Water.
Mucilago,
the same that Mucago.
Mucro cordis, or Apex,
is the lower pointed end of the Heart.
Mucronatum os,
see Ensiformis Cartilago.
Mucus,
we call it Snot, is a liquid, thick, and viscous Excrement, which flows from the Pro­cessus Papillares by the Os Cribriforme to the No­strils and Palate.
Muliebria,
see Cunnus.
Muscae caput,
the same that Myocephalum.
Musculus, a Muscle,
is an organical part fur­nished with two Tendons, and a fibrous or fleshy Belly or middle part: Its Office is to move the Members that are contiguous to it. This Mo­tion or Contraction is performed by the flowing of the Animal Spirits from the Brain to the Ten­dons by the Nerves, and thence to the middle of the Muscles, where they contract them, and when that is done, recede to the Muscles again. The Antients divided the Body of a Muscle into the Head, Belly, and Tail; in which division they called the Extremity of the Muscle, con­nected to that part towards which the Contracti­on was made, the Head; the end or part of the Muscle, inserted into that part which was to be moved, the Tail; and lastly the intermediate part of the Muscle, which is more swell'd with Flesh, they called the Belly; and then in the per­formance of Motion they supposed the Muscle was swell'd about the Head and Belly, and con­sequently shortned in its length, so that it drew the Member, to which it was fastned, near to it. [Page 203]But how this was done they say not. Muscles are destined either to the use of Cavities, or Limbs, and are diversly denominated from their Shapes, Places where they are, and Actions they perform.
Mycteres
are the Nostrils, or the Receptacles of pituitous Humors, which distil out of the Brain by the Processus Papillares, the Extremities of the Olfactory Nerves.
Mydesis
is Corruption or Rottenness from too much moisture.
Mydriasis
is a too great Dilatation of the Pupil of the Eye which makes the Sight dim.
Myelos
the Marrow of the Bones, or of the Brain, or Spinal Marrow.
Myle,
the same that Molagenu.
Myloglossum
is a pair of Muscles which arise a­bout the back side of the grinding Teeth, and are inserted into the Ligament of the Tongue, and are said to turn the Tongue upwards.
Mylphae
signify the falling off of the Hairs of the Eye-lids: Also Medicines against the falling off of Hair.
Myocephalum
is the falling of the Tunica uvea just begun, like the Head of a Fly, whence it has its Name.
Myodes platysma
is a broad musculous Expansi­on in the Neck, proceeding there from a sort of a fat Membrane.
Myologia
is a Description of Muscles.
Myopia,
is a certain Dimness of sight in distant Objects, and yet a Perspicacity in things near at hand. Purblindness.
Myopiasis,
the same that Myopia.
Myops
is one that is Purblind; which is occa­sioned by this, that the Sun-beams, entring in too great a quantity, represent the Object confu­sedly in the Brain.
Myrach,
is an Arabian Word, and signifies the same that Epigastrium.
Myracopum
is an Ointment that takes away Weariness.
Myrmecia
is a sort of Wart; they are harder and lower than those fleshy Tumors called Thymi, take deeper Root, and occasion greater Pain, broad below, small at top, and emit less Blood. They are scarce ever bigger than a sort of Pulse called Lupines. They breed in the Palms of the Hand, or the sole of the Foot.
Myrinx,
the same that Tympanum.
Myron,
the same that Ʋnguentum.
Myropola,
is one that sells Ointments.
Myrtum
is a little piece of Flesh in a Womans Secrets, about the Cleft, proceeding from a Corrugation of the Vagina.
Mystax
is the upper Lip and the Hairs upon it.
Myurus
is a mutilated Pulse, increasing or de­creasing gradually.
Myxa
is Snot, a pituitous Humour, which de­scends from the Extremity of the olfactory Nerves to the Nostrils.
N.
NAevi,
Moles, are certain native Spots, and are two-fold, either plain, or protuberant, different in shape and colour. They happen to Child-bearing Women from a false Imagination, Drunkenness, Extasy, &c.
Narcosts
is a privation of Sense, as in a Palsy, or in taking of Opium, &c.
Nacrotica
are Medicines that stupify, and allay Pain.
Nascalia,
the same that Errhina.
Nascalia,
are little globular Bodies which are put into the Neck of the Matrix, made of the same substance as Pessaria: see Pessaria.
Nata,
the same that Natta.
Nates cerebri
are two round Prominences, behind the Beds of the Optick Nerves, which grow to the upper part of the Marrowy Substance, they are small in Men, and larger in Brutes.
Natta
is a great soft Tumor, without Pain and Colour, which grows especially in the Back, yet sometimes in the Shoulders; its Root is slen­der, yet it encreases so prodigiously that it will grow as big as a Melon, or a Gourd; it is made of fat Matter; and therefore ought to be reckoned amongst the Steatomata. See Steato­mata.
Natura,
the same that Cunnus.
Naturalis facultas, a natural Faculty,
is an Action depending chiefly upon the Cerebellum, whereby the Body, without our notice, is nou­rished, encreased, and preserved by the Blood [Page 206]and Animal Spirits; upon which likewise all Ex­cretions, Digestions, and Generations depend.
Naviculare os,
called also Cymbiforme, is the third Bone in each Foot, in that part of it which immediately succeeds the Leg.
Necrosis
is a black and blew Mark in any part.
Nectar
is the drink of the Gods, as Ambrosia is their drink. But with Physicians it signifies rather a Medicinal Drink, but with a most de­licious colour, taste and smell.
Nemomena,
see Nomas.
Nepenthes, Opiate Laudunum,
a Medicine wor­thy indeed of Praise. It signifies as much as with­out Pain and Trouble, and by reason of the in­comparably admired Effects it produces, highly deserves the Name of Laudunum (a Word im­porting Praise.) Nepenthes they say was Helen's Remedy, wherewith she expelled all Sorrow from her Heart, and waxed merry and cheerful.
Nephelae
are small white Spots upon the Eyes. Also little Clouds as it were that swim in the middle of Urine; likewise little white Spots in the surface of the Nails like little Clouds.
Nephritica
are Medicines against the Diseases of the Reins.
Nephriticus
is one who is troubled with a Dis­ease in the Reins.
Nephritis
is a Pain in the Reins, proceeding either from an ill Disposition, or an Inflamma­tion, or from the Stone and Gravel, accompa­nied with Vomiting and Stretching of the Thigh.
Nephros
is a Kidney, on each side of the Abdo­men one, placed about the Loins under the Li­ver and Spleen; it is shaped like a Kidney Bean: [Page 207]Its Substance is made up of a great company of little Conduits. On both sides it receives the Serum from the Glandules which border upon the Arteries, and carries it to the little Bodies in the Reins called Carunculae Papillares (which see) that so it may be discharged by the Pelvis, the Basin, the Ureters, the Bladder, &c.
Nervus, a Nerve,
is a fibrous, round, long, white, porous Substance like an Indian Cane, which conveys the Animal Spirits to make the parts of the Body moveable and sensible. Ten pair of Nerves proceed from the oblongated Marrow within the Scull: As the Odoratory, and Opthalmick Nerve, that which moves the Eyes; the Pathetick, the Gustatory, or that which perceives Tastes; the Nerve called Timi­dus or fearful, that which serves the Organ of Hearing; the Parvagum, that which moves the Tongue, and the Muscles of the Neck. The Ancients only acknowledg Seven pair within the Scull. Below the Scull they reckon Thirty pair; seven from the Spinal Marrow in the Neck; twelve from the same in the Back; five from the Loins, and six from the Os Sacrum: All the Nerves below the Scull proceed from the Spinal Marrow, which pass through the holes in the sides of the Vertebres, and are designed for the use of the Limbs and great Cavities. A Nerve, a Tendon, and a Ligament are impertinently taken for one and the same thing by Chirurge­ons.
Neurodes
is a sort of lingring Fever, so called by the most Learned Willis; because that the ner­vous Juice, departing from its own right natural [Page 208]Crasis, becomes the occasion of an Atrophae.
Neurologia
is an elegant Description of the Nerves, which Willis has performed beyond any Man whatsoever.
Neuron,
the same that Nervus.
Neurotica
are Remedies against the Diseases of the Nerves.
Neurotomia
is an Anatomical Section of Nerves; also a pricking of Nerves.
Neurotomus
is one who is troubled with a pricking of the Nerves. Or one who dissects them Anatomically.
Neuritica,
the same that Neurotica.
Nidrosa Dyspepsia;
see Dyspepsia.
Nidus,
the same that Focus.
Noctambulo, or Noctambulus,
is one who walks in his Sleep, opens Doors and Windows, and goes over the highest and most dangerous Places without perceiving it: The Cause of it is hardly to be given, unless Sleep be divided into Total and Partial; the Total is common ordinary Sleep, but the Partial takes place in this case, because that Objects are seen indeed, and are of­fered to the common Sensory, but penetrate not to the place of Imagination, so that they may be perceived.
Nodulus, Nodus,
is a Bag of suitable Ingredi­ents as the Disease requires, put into Beer or Wine, the Tincture whereof the Patient is to drink.
Nodus,
the same that Ganglion and Nodulus.
Noli me tangere
is a sort of Canker in the Face, especially above the Chin. There arises a Tu­mour or Ulcer about the Mouth and Nose, like [Page 207]an exulcerated Canker, which grows slowly at the beginning, like a little Pimple; it remains a whole Year, otherwise is less troublesome than a Canker, which gnaws and eats more in one Day than a Noli me tangere doth in a Month.
Nomas
is a putrid Ulcer that feeds upon the parts.
Nosocomium
is an Hospital for poor sick Peo­ple, where they are attended, and cured, if pos­sible.
Nosologia,
the same that Pathalogia.
Nosos,
the same that Morbus.
Notae maternae,
the same that Naevius.
Nothae costae
are the five lowest Ribs on each Side, called Bastard Ribs, so called because they do do not join with the Breast-Bone as other Ribs, nor are as the others Boney but Cartilaginous. Diseases are likewise called Nothi, or Bastard, which exceed the ordinary and common Rule; as tertain, quartane, or quotidian Bastard Agues; a Bastard Plurify. &c.
Nothis
is the Back, the back part of the Chest.
Novacula
is a Chirurgeons Knife, the shape whereof differs according to the difference of Operations: And therefore can hardly be de­scribed.
Nubeculae
are little light Particles which mu­tually, but loosely, close with one another, and swim upon the Urine.
Nucha
is the hinder part, or nap of the Neck, called Cervix.
Nuciositas,
the same that Myopia.
Numero,
not only Fruits and Seeds are mea­sured by Number, but likewise the parts of Ani­mals, as Yolks of Eggs. It is commonly noted thus, No or Num.
Nutrimentum,
the same that Alimentum.
Nutritio
is a natural Increase, whereby that which continually decays of any corporeal Sub­stance, is repaired by convenient Nourishment.
Nux
is a sort of Pain in the Head, which afflicts a place about as big as a Nut; as an Ovum, a Clavus, and other sorts.
Nychthemerum
is four and twenty hours space.
Nyctalopia
is two-fold: the first is a Dimness of Sight in the Night, or in dark Places, with­out any Impediment in the Light: The other is a Dimness in the Light, and clear Sight in the Night, or in Shades.
Nymphae
are little pieces of Flesh in a Woman's Secrets. So called because they stand near the Water that comes out of the Bladder. Also the hollowness or void space in the nether Lip.
Nymphomania,
the same that Furor Ʋterinus.
Nymphotomia
is a cutting off the Nymphae, the too great Protuberance whereof in marriageable Virgins sometimes hinders the Enjoyment, or at least renders it difficult. The Egyptians cut them frequently.
O.
OBelaea
is the Sagittalis Suture in the Scull (see Sagittalis) which touches the Corona­lis Suture forward, and the Lamdoides back­ward; for it is made of the mutual Conjunction of the Bones of the Forehead.
Oblatae Laxativae & Purgantes
are made of Meal with Sugar and purging Ingredients.
Oblivio, Forgetfulness,
is a loss of the Ideas of Things once perceived out of the Brain. Which happens when things make but a light Impression upon the Brain; as a light Motion is scarce perceived, so a light Impression easily decays.
Obolus
is half a Scruple; it weighs ten Grains. Physitians mark it thus ∽, but now the Hollan­ders do not use this Character.
Obstructio
is a shutting up of the Passages of the Body either by Contraction, or by some for­reign Body that has entered within them.
Occiput
is the hinder part of the Scull.
Ochema
is a Liquor or Vehicle wherewith Me­dicines are mixed.
Ochthodes
are Ulcers whose sides are callous, or of the nature of Warts, but not malignant.
Oculares dentes,
the Eye-Teeth: The same that Cynodontes.
Oculus, the Eye,
is the external Organ of Sight; it is compounded of six Muscles, to wit of two Direct, and as many Transverse, to which a seventh is added in Brutes. It has seven Tunics, the Adnata, Innominata, Cornea, Ʋvea, [Page 210]Retiformis, Chrystallina, and Vitrea. It has also the Optick Nerve, the Iris, and the Pupilla. See them singly in their proper places.
Oculi
are the forerunners of Flowers, which are likewise called Gemmae, Buds.
Odaxismus
is the itching of the Gums, when Children breed Teeth.
Odontagra,
see Forfex.
Odonthalgia
is the Teeth-ach; which is caused by black rotten Teeth, or an Effervescence of fixed and acid Salt; and therefore it is called the Gout in the Teeth. Cold also will cause it.
Odontiasis,
the same that Dentitio, and Odon­tophyia.
Odontica
are Medicines against Pains in the Teeth.
Odontoides,
that which is like a Tooth; as the Tooth of the second Vertebre, and of other Bones.
Odontophyja,
breeding of Teeth.
Odoramentum
is a Medicine applyed for its Smell. It is compounded of Laudunum, Storax, Benzoin, Musk, Civet, &c.
Odoratus, the Smell,
is a Sence whereby odo­riferous Effluviums are offered and represented to the common Sensory, from the Motion and Ir­ritation of Nerves, implanted in the Membranes of the Nose.
Oeconomia
is the management of Family-Con­cerns.
Oedema
is sometimes taken in a large Sence by Hippocrates, for any Tumor, but strictly for a white, soft, insensible Tumor proceeding from [Page 211]pituitous Matter heaped up together. It has no Pulse, and yields easily to the Fingers. It may proceed likewise in some measure from the Lym­pha or nutritious Juice extravasated and turned into a Gelly.
Oenoides
is diluted Wine, or a Liquor Analo­gous to Wine.
Oenomel
is Wine and Honey.
Oesophagaeus
is a Muscle that closes the Gullet, called Sphincter.
Oesophagus,
the Gullet, is a membranaceous Pipe reaching from the Palate to the Stomach, whereby the Meat, chawed in the Mouth and mixed with the Juice there, passes to the Ventri­cle: It has three Tunics; the outermost or mem­branaceous Tunic, which comes from the Peritonae­um, or inner rine of the Belly, and clothes the Ventricle. The innermost is Musculous; the whole Oesophagus seems to consist of two Muscles, which with their opposite Fibres crossing one another make four Parallelograms. The Third is altogether Nervous, which is covered on the inside with an hairy sort of Coat, and which may pass for a fourth Tunic.
Oesypus,
the Filth and Greasiness of Sheep, proceeding of Sweat, and cleaving fast to their Wooll. Therefore they are mistaken who take it to signify the little Clods of Dung that stick to their Wooll.
Olecranum, or Ancon,
is the greater Process of the first Bone of the Cubit called Ʋlna. Also the upper part of the Shoulder.
Olecranus,
the same that Anconaeus.
Olfactus,
the same that Odoratus.
Oligophoros
is a small Wine, with few Spi­rits.
Oligotrophia
is a Decrease of Nutrition.
Oligotrophus
is Meat that nourishes little, to which is opposed Polytrophus, that which affords much Nourishment.
Omentum, Reticulum,
the Cawle, is a double Membrane spread upon the Intestines, interwo­ven with Fat and Vessels like a Fisher's Net, en­riched also with two or three Glandules, annex­ed to the Stomach, the Gut Colon, and the Pan­creas, and useful to cherish the Intestines with its warmth: It hath some milky and Lymphatic Vessels, as also a great many Ductus's and little Bags of Fat, concerning which see our Reformed Anatomy.
Omoplata, and Homoplata,
the same that Sca­pula.
Omphalocele
is a Rupture about the Navel, to wit, when the Cawle or Intestines are protube­rant in that part: Which happens from a Re­laxation, or bursting of the Peritonaeum, the inner rine of the Belly.
Omphalos,
see Ʋmbilicus.
Onyx,
see Ʋnguis.
Ophiasis
is when the Hairs grow thin and fall off here and there, so that they leave the Head spotted like a Serpent.
Opthalmia
is an Inflammation of the Tunics of the Eyes, proceeding from arterious Blood, col­lected and extravasated there, because it cannot return by the Veins.
Opiata, or Electuarium,
is a Medicine taken inwardly, of a consistence like to those Opiates [Page 213]in the Shops, (Triacle or Mithridate) and is made up into several Doses of several Ingredi­ents mixed with Honey or Syrup.
Opiatum
is a Medicine in form of an Electuary with Opiate mixed in it: As Triacle, Mithri­date, Dias-Cordium, &c.
Opiologia
is a Description of Opium.
Opisthotonus, or Tetanus,
is a kind of Cramp, or stretching of the Muscle of the Neck back­wards; which proceeds sometimes from a Palsy of the Muscles in the Neck, whereupon the An­tagonists or opposite Muscles move the interme­diate parts too much; or from a sharp and se­rous Matter in the Tendons; or from the Ani­mal Spirits which enter the Fleshy Pipes more than is usual and will not easily recede, so that the parts are swelled and wrinkled up.
Opium
is the condensed Juice of Poppies; the purest Opium is made of white Drops.
Opticus Nervus, or Visorius, the Optic Nerve
is that which carries the visible Species from the Eye to the common Sensory. The Nerves of both Eyes proceed from the Thalami of the Op­tic Nerves, afterwards these Nerves come toge­ther, and as they enter the Scull separate again. Optica are Medicines against Distempers of the Eyes.
Orchis
is a Testicle, whose Substance in Men is nothing else but a Contexture of very little Vessels which make the Seed: But it is quite otherwise in Women; where they are made of several Membranes and little Fibres loosely uni­ted to one another, betwixt which several white Bodies are found, which are there either [Page 214]naturally or preternaturally: The Testicles of Women breed Eggs, and therefore they are rightly called Ovaria. They are also called Tes­tes, Colei.
Orchotomus
is a Gelder: One who gelds Ani­mals that they cannot copulate.
Orexis
is a Natural Appetite of Meat, which proceeds from an acid Ferment in the Ventricles that comes from the Caeliac Arteries, with which the nervous Tunic of the Stomach and its Nerves are extraordinarily moved to covet Nourish­ment.
Organum
is a part which requires a right and determinate and sensible Conformation to its constitution and the performance of its Actions; as an Arm, Muscle, Heart, &c.
Orgasmus
is an Impetus and quick Motion of Blood or Spirits; as when the Animal Spirits rush violently upon the Nerves.
Oroboidcs
is a subsiding in Urine, like to a kind of Pulse called Vetches.
Orthocolon
is a preternatural Rectitude of a Joint.
Orthopnaea
is an ill Respiration, when the Per­son affected cannot breathe but with his Neck erect.
Os, a Bone,
is an hard, dry, and cold Sub­stance, consisting especially of earthy and saline Particles, designed for the upholding of the Bo­dy, to render its Motion easy, and for a Fence for several parts. Some make their Number 249, others commonly 304, and others as ma­ny as the Days of the Year. Yet the number of them is uncertain, because the Bones of Infants [Page 215]differ from those of Adult Persons. Also be­cause the Bones called Sesamoidea (see them in their proper place) and the Teeth are not de­termined to a certain number in old Men and Adult Persons. They are of different Shapes, some are round, others plain, acute, obtuse, hollow, spungy, solid, oblong, triangular, &c. A Nut-Shell is also called Ossiculum.
Oscitatio, Yawning,
is a certain light convul­sive Motion of Muscles which open the lower Jaw of the Face. Some look upon it as a light Motion whereby Excrementitious and Halituous Matter, which irritates the neighbouring parts, is expelled.
Oscula
are the openings of Vessels at the end.
Osculum uteri
is the Cavity where Conception is made and the Mans Yard enters; it is so small in Maids that it can only receive the bigness of a small Pen we use for Writing Tables, and you cannot thrust your least Finger into it by any means; the Courses flow out of it. It sticks out in the Vagina, and is like the Mouth of a Tench, or, as Galen will rather have it, like the Nut of a Man's Yard; it has a transverse cleft; in Virgins 'tis very small, but grows bigger in Women who have had many Children; if it be too much stretched, or exulcerated, covered over with a Scarr, or too moist, Barrenness fol­lows thereupon.
Osteologia
is a Description of Bones.
Osteon,
see Os.
Ostocopi,
are Pains in the Bones, or rather in the Membranes and Nerves about the Bones: For Bones as such are insensible.
Otalgia
is a Pain in the Ears, whencesoever it proceeds.
Otenchyta
an auricular Clyster. Celsus calls it, Oegin. A little Syringe or Squirt which injects Medicines into the Ears.
Otica
are Medicines against Distempers in the Ears.
Ovarium
is a Womans Testicle.
Oviductus,
the same that Tuba Fallopiana.
Ovum
is a sort of pain in the Head affecting a place about the bigness of an Egg.
Oxelaeum
is a mixture of Vinegar with Oyl.
Oxycratum
is a mixture of Vinegar with Wa­ter, called Pusca or Posca.
Oxydercica
are Medicines which quicken the Sight.
Oxygala
is sowre Milk.
Oxymel
is a composition of Vinegar and Ho­ney, like a Syrup.
Oxyregmia
is an acid sowre Belch from the Stomach.
Oxyrhodinum
is Vinegar of Roses, mixed with Rose Water, or so.
ὈΣY NO'ΣHMA,
the same that Morbus acutus.
Ozoena
is an Ulcer in the inside of the Nostrils that smells ill.
P.
PAchuntica
are Medicines of a thickning na­ture, but withal cold, and full of thick and boughy parts, which if they are mix'd with a thin Juice, by joyning and stifning the Parts one with another, make a more Dense and firm Com­position as Bole-armoniack, Mill-dust, Water-lillies, Almonds, Poppies, &c.
Paedotropica
is a part of Hygrena that concerns the Management of Boys.
Palatum
the Palate is the upper part of the Mouth, which because it somewhat resembles the upper part of an House, is thence called the Roof of the Mouth.
Palliatio, or Cura Palativa,
is a Medicine which helps (as much as is possible) incurable Diseases by the Application of present Remedies.
Palindrome
is a Disease into which one re­lapses.
Palma
is the inside of a Man's Hand, which we call the Palm.
Palmus
is a Shivering, or palpitation of the Heart, caused by a Convulsion, or Irritation of the Nerves; the cause whereof consists in the Blood or nervous Juice, or in the Water in the Membrane that covers the Heart.
Palpebrae
are the Coverings of the Eyes, made up of a Skin, a fleshy Membrane, Muscles, a Tu­nick, and another little Skin called Tarsus, with Hair upon the uppermost Skin: They are ei­ther the upper or the under Eye-lids.
Palpitatio cordis naturalis,
the natural Palpi­tation of the Heart, is in the Systole thereof, whilst the Cone and the Sides are press'd toge­ther, the Basis and the Roots of the Vessels, being blown up with the Blood that gathers there, grows big and swoln. It oft proceeds from an extraordinary Contraction of the Heart, or a thick and irritating Matter which sticks in the Heart.
Panacaea
is a general sort of Physick for all Diseases indifferently; but I question if there be any such thing. Many People brag much of Tobacco, Tincture of the Sun, the Philosophers-stone, vitriolated Tartar, &c.
Panaritium,
vid. Paronychia.
Pancaenus,
vid. Pandemius.
Panchymagoga
are purgative Medicines that expel all corrupt Humours.
Pancreas, the Sweet-bread, Pancration, Pancre­on, Callicreas, Callicreon, & Lactes,
are all syno­nimous. It is a conglomerated Glandule in the Abdomen, placed behind the Ventricle, and fastened to the Gut Duodenum, and reaches as far as the Liver and the Spleen; the Use and Office thereof is to convey a volatile, Insipid, and Lymphatick Juice, or as others will have it (for 'tis a disputable Point) a something acid Juice, by its own Ductus to the Gut Duo­denum, in order to a farther Fermentation and Volatilisation of the Chyle, and to attemperate and allay the Qualities of the Gall: It is the biggest Glandule in the whole Body, but bigger in a Dog than a Man.
Pandalea,
as the modern Physicians call it, is the same with a solid Electuary, but that it re­mains intire, for the Sugar being rightly boiled is let grow hard; the Patient takes a piece of it like a Lambative; it only in the shape differs from Rolls and Morsels.
Pandemius
is a Disease which is rife in some places or other.
Pandiculatio
is a certain Dilatation and con­vulsive Distension of the Muscles, by which the Vapours that annoy them are cast off.
Panicus
is a sudden Fear or Consternation.
Panniculus Carnosus
is a fat sort of Membrane, in some parts thick and musculous; in other parts thin, with many Ductus's of Fat in it; it covers the whole Body.
Panus
is a sort of Botch or Sore under the Arm-pits, Jaws, Ears, and Groins, to wit, in the Glandulous Parts. It is also taken for Phy­gethus.
Papillae Intestinorum
are little Glandules where­with the in-most Tunick of the Entrails is full, they soak in the percolated Chyle, and dispense it to the lacteal Veins.
Papilla
is a red Excrescency in the middle of the Breast, in the Pores whereof are received all the milky Tubes or Pipes, proceeding from the Glandules of the Breasts.
Papillarum processus
are the Extremities of the Olfactory Nerves, which convey the slimy, viscous Humours by the Fibres, which perforate the Os cribriforme to the Nostrils and Palate.
Papulae, vid. Pustulae,
also a kind of small Pox. See Exanthemata.
Paracelsistica Med.
vid Hermetica.
Paracentesis, or Punctio,
is a Perforation of the Chest and Abdomen through a cuspidate Channel: It hapens in the Breast when it is stuff'd with putrified Matter, or Water, and then there's a pricking in the side between the fifth and sixth Vertebre. It happens in the Ab­domen, when it is swell'd by a Dropsy near the white Seam in the Abdomen, in the Muscles that either ascend right or oblique. If a Man be strong and has taken a Purge, and also his Lungs, and the rest of his Entrails be uncorrupted, when the Navel doth protuberate, don't look ano­ther way, for there you must make the Incision; don't let Purulency and Water come out both together, for that were to kill the Patient, but one after the other, as in seven days a pound, or a pound and an half as the Patient can en­dure it: After the Operation is finished, draw the Wound up with an astringent Plaister: If the inward Vessels and Passages be broke through this pricking, it's to no purpose to endeavour the Cure.
Paracheteusis,
vid. Derivatio.
Paracmastica
is a daily declining Feaver, also declining Age.
Paracme,
vid. in Acme.
Parachynanche
is an Inflammation with a con­tinual Feaver and difficulty of Breathing, exci­ted in the outward Muscles of the Larynx.
Paralysis
is an Aboition of voluntary Motion, or Sense, or both, either in all the Body, or only some part. It comes by either an Obstruction, Obscission, Contusion, or pressing of the Nerves, [Page 221]or by an Indisposition, or ill Conformity of the Muscles.
Paramesus
is the next Finger to the middle one, called the Ring-finger.
Paraphimosis
is a fault of the Yard, when the Praeputium's too short; also a Narrowness and Contraction of the Womb.
Paeraphrenitis
is Madness accompanied with a continual Feaver through the Inflammation of the Midriff, with difficulty of breathing as the Ancients dream'd. But Dr. Willis has confuted this Opinion of it, and says the matter of it lies in the Cerebellum, whereby the Animal Spi-Spirits cannot flow, and thence the Midriff and Lungs are troubled.
Paraphrosyne
is a slight sort of Doting in the Imagination and Judgment.
Paraphlegia
is a Palsy which seizeth all the parts of the Body below the Head, through an Obstruction of the spinal Marrow.
Paraplexia,
idem quod Paraplegia.
Pararythmus
is a preternatural Breathing.
Parastatae,
vid. Epididymis.
Parasananche
is an Inflammation of the Muscles of the upper part of the Aesophagus with a con­tinued Feaver.
Paremptosis
is a falling, as when Blood slides from the Heart into the great Artery.
Parencephalos,
idem quod Cerebellum.
Perenchymata
are Entrails by which the Blood passes for better Fermentation and Perfection, as the Lungs, Liver, Heart, and Spleen, &c. Sometimes Parenchyma is taken in a large Sence for all the Entrails.
Paristhmia, or Amygdalae,
are two Glandules tied together by a broad slender Production, they have one common Cavity large and oval, opening into the Mouth; the Use they serve for is, to transmit a certain slimy or pituitous Matter into the Jaws and Mouth: They are called also Tonsillae.
Paronychia
is a preternatural Swelling in the Fingers end very troublesome; it rises from a sharp, malign Humour; which can gnaw the Tendons Nerves, the Membrane about the Bone, and the very Bone it self.
Parotides
are Glandules behind the Ears, also a preternatural Swelling of those Glandules.
Paroxysmus a Fit,
is part of the Period of Diseases, whereby they encrease and grow worse. It is either Ordinate, which returns at certain times, as in a Tertian Ague; or Inordi­nate, that has no certain time, but comes some­times one day, sometims another, as the Erra­tick Ague.
Pars, a part,
is a Piece of the whole serving each for their proper Uses. The Parts are either sensible or insensible, spermatick or bloody, si­milar, or the contrary; organical or inorgani­cal, principal or inservient.
Partus
is the bringing forth of a Mature Fae­tus, or Young, in natural Births. The Faetus having broken the Membranes, turns his Head forward, and inclining it towards the neck of the Womb, strives to get forth; the usual man­ner is after nine Months; yet I have known some at Amsterdam born at seven Months, who have lived to fifty or sixty.
Partus Caesareus
is when Children are forc'd for want of Passage to be cut out.
Partus difficilis,
idem quod Dystocia.
Parylis
is an Inflammation, Rottenness, or Excrescency besides the Gums.
Passio,
vid. Pathema.
Pastillum
is a sweet Ball compos'd of sweet Dust, Wax, the Gum-Storax, and India-Balsam with a little Goats-flower and Turpentine; it serves for Swelling.
Patella,
vid. Mola Genu.
Pathema
is all preternatural Conturbation wherewith our Body is molested.
Patheticus
is the Nerve of the fourth pair within the Scull, as Dr. Willis saith, tho Fallopi­us reckons it one of the eighth pair.
Pathognomonicum
is a proper separable Sign, which agrees only to such a thing, and to all of that kind, and tells the Essence of its Subject, and also lasts from the beginning to the [...]nd; as in a true Plurisy, there's always a continual Fever, hard Breathing, and Stitches, and a Cough.
Pathologia
is a part of Physick that teacheth us the preternatural Constitution of a Man's Body.
Pathos,
vid. Pathema.
Pectoralia pectoral Medicines,
are such, as either by attenuating, or thinking, or allaying, render the Matter which causes coughing fit to be ex­pectorated.
Pectus
is the fore-most part of the Thorax reaching from the Neck-bone down to the Midriff.
Pedicularis Morbus,
vid. Phthiziasis.
Pedium,
vid. Tarsus.
Pelicanatio Chymica,
vid. Circulatio Chymica.
Pelidnus
is a black and blew Colour in the Face, frequent in Melancholick Men.
Pelvis
is the place at the bottom of the Belly, wherein the Bladder and Womb are contain'd.
Pelvis Aurium,
vid. Cochlea.
Pelvis Cerebrs,
vid. Choana.
Pelvis Renum
is a membranous Vessel or Re­ceptacle in either Vein, which receives the Urine and pours it into the Bladder.
Pemphigodes Febris
is a Spotted Fever; some say a windy, a flatulent Fever.
Penis
is the Yard, made up of two nervous Bodies, the Channel, Nut, Skin and Fore­skin, &c.
Penis Muliebris,
vid. Clytoris.
Pepansis
is a rectifying and bringing to order of the vitiated and corrupt Humours.
Pepasmus
is a Concoction, or rather a Fer­mentation, or ripening of preternatural Hu­mours; which is twofold, One tends to an end, as in an Inflammation; the Other hath no Fermen­tation, as when it cannot conquer the Disease.
Pepasticum
is a Medicine that allays and di­gests the Crudities.
Pepsis
is the Concoction or Fermentation of the Humours and Meat in a Man's natural Con­stitution, as when Meat is turn'd into Chyle, and that into Blood.
Peracutissimus Morbus,
vid. Acutus M.
Peracutus,
vid. Acutus.
Perfecta Crisis,
vid. Crisis.
Periamma
is a Medicine which being tied a­bout the Neck, is believ'd to expel Diseases, especially the Plague.
Periaptum,
vid. Periamma.
Pericardium
is a Membrane which surrounds the whole Substance of the Heart, and contains a Liquor in it to refrigerate the Heart.
Pericholus
very Cholerick.
Pericranium
is a Membrane which infolds the Scull.
Perinaeum
is the ligamentous Seam betwixt the Cod and the Fundament.
Periodus Morborum
is the space betwixt the coming of fits of Sickness in intermitting Diseases.
Periodus Sanguinis
is a continued Circulation of the Blood through the Body, which is thus. The Blood is carried out of the Arteries by Fi­bres, either of the Flesh or of the Entrails, or the membranous parts to the Mouths of the greater Veins. Now we say that those Fibres are ter­minated at the Mouths of the Veins, and im­planted in them, as we see many other little Channels in the Veins; so the Blood, passing through these out of the Arteries, is presently sent to the Veins, that it may be carried back again to the right Ventricle of the Heart; and thence by an arterious Vein to the Lungs, in which after the Blood has been accended by some nitrous Particles, breathed in thither by the Air, it goes into the veinous Artery, thence into the left Ventricle of the Heart; which again empties it self into the Aorta or great Artery; so that the Body may be nourished and enliven'd, it goes into every part of it.
Periosteum
is a thin Membrane that incloses immediately the Bones, except a few.
Peripheria
is the Circumference of the Body, or any Entrail thereof.
Periphimosis,
vid. Phimosis.
Peripneumonia
is an Inflammation of the Lungs accompanied with a sharp Fever, hard Breath­ing, a Cough, and an heavy Pain.
Perisistole
is the time of Rest between the Con­traction and Dilatation of the Heart.
Peristalticus Motus
is a Crawling as it were of the Entrails, whereby the Excrements are void­ed. Also the motion of the Vessels whereby Hu­mours, as Water, Chyle, the Blood, &c. ascend and descend.
Peristromata
are the sick Mans Bed-clothes; also the Tunicks about the Entrails.
Peritonaeum
is a Membrane which cloaths the whole Abdomen on the inside, and its Entrails on the outside: It consists of two Tunicks.
Perittoma
is an Excrement in the Body, lest after Digestion: Also the Reliques of Diseases.
Pernio
is a preternatural Swelling caus'd by the Winter Cold, especially in the Hands and Feet, which at last breaks out.
Perona
is also called Fibula, because it joyns the Muscles of the Leg, whence the first and second Muscle in the Leg is called Peronaeus. It is the less and slenderer Bone, which is fasten­ed outwardly to the greater Bone of the Leg, called Tibia.
Peronaeus,
vid. Perona.
Perperacutus,
vid. Acutus.
Passarium
is an oblong Medicine, which being made like the middle Finger, is thrust up into the neck of the Womb, and is good against se­veral Diseases incident to it.
Pessulus,
the same.
Pessus,
the same.
Pestis the Plague,
is an epidemick conta­gious Disease, arising from a poysonous and too much exalted Nitre in the Air, which secretly takes a Man, extinguisheth the Spirits, clods the Blood, deads the sound parts, and is accompanied with Botches, Boils, and a train of other dreadful Symptomes.
Pestaloides
is a sort of Urine which seems to have little Leaves or Scales in it.
Petechialis
is a malignant Fever, call'd also Pu­licaris, because it makes the Skin look as tho it were Flea-bitten.
Petia
is Stuff that certain Physicians Bags are made of.
Petigo,
vid. Lichen.
Petrosum Os
is the inside of the Bones of the Temples, so called from the Hardness thereof.
Phacia,
vid. Lenticula.
Phacos
is a Spot in the Face like a Nit, whence it is called Lenticula and Lentigo.
Phacotos
is a Chirurgical Instrument.
Phenomaena
are preternatural Appearances in the Body.
Phagadena
is an exulcerate Cancer.
Phalacrosis
is a falling off of the Hair.
Phalangosis
is a fault of the Eye-lids, when there are two rows of Hair, or when the Hair grows inward and offends the Eyes.
Phalanx
is the Order and rank observed in the Finger-Bones.
Phantasia
is an internal Sense or Imagination, whereby any thing is represented to the Mind, or impressed in it. It seems to be a cer­tain Undulation, or waving of the Animal [Page 228]Spirits in the middle of the Brain, which are afterwards expanded towards its Circumfe­rence.
Phantasma
is the same with Phantasia.
Pharmacum
is any sort of Medicine against a Disease.
Pharmaceutica
the same that Pharmaca.
Pharmacia
is an art of collecting, chusing, and compounding Medicines: The Apothecary's Art.
Pharmacopaea
is the Doctrine, or a Description of things physical in order to cure.
Pharmacopaeus
is a Man that understands to make up Medicines; he is called the Right-hand of a Physician, and a Surgeon the left.
Pharyngetrum
is sometimes used for the Pha­rinx, sometimes for the Bone Hyades.
Pharyngotomia,
vid. Laryngotomia.
Pharynx
is the upper part of the Gullet, con­sisting of three pair of Muscles.
Philtrum
is the hollow dividing the upper Lip; also a Love-cup.
Phimosis,
the same that Paraphimosis; also the Inversion of the Eye-lids through an In­flammation.
Phleborragia
is the breaking of a Vein.
Phlebotomia
opening of a Vein.
Phebotomus
the Blood-letter; also an Instru­ment called a Phleme.
Phlegma
is a slimy Excrement of the Blood, caus'd often by too much nitrous Air: It is like­wise a watery distilled Liquor, opposite to spi­rituous Liquor; also those Clouds which ap­pear upon distilled Waters. Hippocrates uses it [Page 229]often for an Inflammation: It is also the Disease of Hens, called the Pip, and is sometimes taken for a viscous Excretion.
Phlegmagoga
are Medicines to drive away the Phlegme.
Phlegmasia
an Inflammation, Heat or Burning.
Phlegmatici
those that are much troubled with Phlegme.
Phlegmone
is a Tumour of the Blood in the Flesh or Muscles, causing Heat, Redness, Beat­ing and Pain.
Phlegmonodes
is an Inflammation like the for­mer.
Phlogosis
the same that Phlegmone.
Phlyctaena
is a Pimple in the Skin; also a little Ulcer in the corneous Tunick of the Eye.
Phlyctenodes
are hot watery Pustules, like the former.
Phaenygmus
is a Medicine that makes the Skin red.
Phrenes,
vid. Diaphragma.
Phrenesis
the same with Phrenitis.
Phrentiasis
the same.
Phrenetici Nervi
are those which belong to the Midriff.
Phrenetis
is a Dotage with a continual Fever, often accompanied with Madness and Anger, proceeding from too much Heat in the Animal Spirits, not from the Inflammation of the Brain, as the Antients thought. Willis thus defines it, namely, an Inflammation of the whole sensitive Soul and Animal Spirits.
Phricodes
is a dreadful Fever, whereby besides the Heat, Men fancy terrible things.
Phtharticum
is a corrupting Medicine.
Phthirasis
is the lousy Disease; also a skaly Scab of the Eye-brows.
Phthisicus,
a Man in a Consumption.
Phthisis
a Consumption of the whole Body, rising from an Ulcer in the Lungs, accompanied with a slow continued Fever, smelling Breath and a Cough.
Phthoe,
the same.
Phygethlon
is a Swelling proceeding from an Inflammation of the Glandules, wherein Nature expels something; as in the Plague about the Groins.
Phyma
is a Swelling: There are five sorts, Ver­rucae, Calli, Vari Farunculi, & Hydroa, or Desa­dationes. Of which in their order. Others reckon it a Tumour in the Glandules only, which quickly suppurates.
Phymatodes,
like the former.
Physema
an Inflammation in any part of the Body, as a Tympany; also the Rosine of the Pine.
Physesis,
the same.
Physiognomica
are Signs whereby we conjecture something by the Countenance.
Physiognomia
is the Art of knowing Natures.
Physiologia
is a part of Physick, that teaches the Constitution of the Body, so far as it is sound.
Physocele,
vid. Pneumatocele.
Physodes
that which is very flatulent.
Pia Mater,
vid. Mater tenuis.
Pica,
vid. Citta.
Picatio,
vid. Iropacisinus.
Picra,
vid. Hiera picra.
Pichrocholus
a Man troubled with a black Bile.
Pilula
is a solid Medicine, made like a little Ball of Powder, Gums, Extracts, &c. mixed with a glutinous Liquor.
Pili, the Hairs,
are round, oblong, slender Bo­dies, consisting of much Sulphur and Earth; and of different Colours according to the diffe­rence of the Constitution: They grow out at the Pores of the Skin, that the vapours may may more easily exhale through them, as through so many little Tubes or Pipes. I have discove­red through my Microscope several little Knots or Valves in them.
Pinealis Glandula,
vid. Conarium.
Pinguedo,
vid. Adeps.
Pinna Auris
is the upper and broader part of the Ear, called the Wing.
Pittacium
is a little Cloth spread with a Me­dicine, and applied to the part affected.
Pituita,
vid. Phlegma.
Pituitaria Glandula,
vid. Glandula pituitaria.
Pityriasis,
vid. Fupfurratio.
Pityroides
a setling in the Urine like Bran.
Placenta Ʋterina
is a red Substance, like the Liver, full of Glandulous Kernels: It has an Ar­tery and a Vein from the Navel-string, and per­haps lymphatick Vessels from the neighbouring parts; outwardly sticks to the Womb, to either side indifferently, yet more commonly to the middle; within it is covered with the Chorrium. It has its nourishing Moisture from the Porosities of the Womb, (as it happens with the Papillae of the Guts which drink in the Chyle and commu­nicate it to the milky Vessels) which through the Navel-vein feeds the Young. The superflu­ous [Page 232]part whereof the Arteries lodg in the Am­mion, that the Young may be nourished by its Mouth. The Placenta together with the Mem­branes is expelled after the Birth, and are called Secundinae, Secundines.
Pladarosis
are little soft Tumors which grow under the Eye-lids.
Plagula,
vid. Splenia.
Planta Noctis,
vid. Sudamina & Hydroa.
Plastica Virtus
is that which can form or fa­shion any thing; it's an old saying and a sure Refuge of Ignorance, for what the Ancients could not explain they called a plastick Virtue.
Platisma
is a broad Linnen-cloth put upon Sores.
Platysma Myodes,
vid. Myodes.
Plectrum,
vid. Cion.
Plenitudo
is when a Man has too much Blood: The same that Plethora.
Plerotica
are Medicines that breed Flesh and fill up Wounds.
Plethora,
when there's more good Blood than's requisite. It happens either to the Vessels, when they are stretcht out and cannot hold all; or to the Strength, for sometimes tho the Vessels be not over full, the Strength is over loaded.
Plethoricus,
a Man troubled with a Plethora.
Pleura
is a Membrane that incloses the Breasts and its Entrails.
Pleuritis
a Pleurisy, is a Inflammation of the Membrane Pleura, and the intercostal Muscles, attended with a continual Fever and Stitches in the Side, difficulty of Breathing, and sometimes spitting Blood, and it's either a true Pleurisy, [Page 233]this which we have described, or a bastard Pleurisy.
Pleuritis Notha
a bastard Pleurisy, that differs in some things from the other.
Plexus choroides
seems to hang over the pineal Glandule, as it were over a Button. It is an admirable Contexture of small Arteries in the Brain like a Net.
Plexus nervosus
is when two or three Nerves meet together and jut out.
Plexus reticularis,
vid. Choroides.
Plica
is an epidemical Disease in Polonia, when their Hairs grow together like a Cow's Tail; besides, they are crook'd-back'd, have loose Joynts, it wrenches their Limbs and loosens them, breeds Lice, with other Symptoms.
Pleumaceola,
vid. Splenia.
Pneumatocele
is a windy Rupture, when the Skin of the Cods is distended with Wind.
Pneumatodes
is a short Breathing.
Pneumatosis
is the Generation of Animal Spi­rits, which is performed in the barky Substance of the Brain; the little Arteries there are emp­tied, and the Spirits distil, which after they are come as far as the middle of the Brain, they actuate and Invigorate all the Nerves.
Pneumatomphalus
is a swelling in the Navel, got by Wind.
Pneumon,
the Lungs.
Pnigalium,
vid. Epialtes.
Pnigmus,
Strangling or Choaking.
Podagra,
vid. Arthritis, the Gout in the Feet.
Pollutio nocturna
is an involuntary Pollution in the Night, caused by lecherous Dreams.
Polychronius
is a Disease that holds a Man many Years or Months.
Polygophora
are Drinks or Wines full of ex­cellent Spirits.
Polypus
is a Swelling in the hollow of the No­strils, and is twofold; either like a Tent, and goes by the general name of Sarcoma; or such a one that has a great many distinct Branches or Feet, which extend either to the outside of the Nose or the inside of the Mouth: Their Colour is white, oftentimes reddish, and sometimes black and livid. Excrescencies of this nature happen not only in the Nostrils, but sometimes in the Heart and in the Cavities of the thicker Mem­brane of the Brain.
Polytarcia,
Corpulency.
Pompholigodes,
Urine with many Bubbles upon it, which are frequent if the Body be puft up or pained.
Pomum Adami
is a Protuberance in the fore­side of the Throat; so called, because 'tis com­monly thought a piece of the Apple stuck in his Throat as part of his Punishment, and hence derived to his Posterity.
Pondo
a Pound-weight. Joh. Rhodius writes, That of all the Roman Weights and Measures, a Pound was the chief and Standard of the Rest.
Poplitea Vena,
a Vein that consists of a double crural Branch, which being covered with Skin, reaches down the Back of the Leg even to the Heel.
Pori, Pores,
are little unperceptible Holes in the Skin, through which Sweat and other vapo­rous Effluviums perspire through the Body.
Porocele
is a Rupture proceeding from callous Matter, or the Stone.
Poromphalus
is a brawny piece of Flesh, or a Stone protuberant in the Navel.
Porosis
is the breeding of callous Matter.
Porotica
are Medicines which by drying, thickening, and astringent Qualities turn part of the Nourishment into brawny callous Matter.
Porus bilarius, or Hepaticus,
is a Channel which transmits the Bile from the Liver, by the com­mon Ductus or Passage, into the Gut Duodenum, which Bile is segregated in the Liver, by the In­tervention of some small Glandules.
Porrigo,
vid. Furfurratio.
Portae Vena,
vid. Vena.
Posca,
vid. Oxycratum.
Postbrachiale,
vid. Metaca pus.
Potio,
vid. Haustus.
Praecipitatio
is a certain Subsiding and Revivis­cence of very small Particles dissolved in a conve­nient Liquor, by the Infusion of another Liquor.
Praecordia
are all the Entrails in the Chest, or Thorax.
Praefocatio Ʋterina,
vid. Hysterica passio.
Praeparantia Med.
vid. Digerentia.
Praeparantia vasa,
the preparing Vessels, are Veins and Arteries which go to the Testicles and Epididymes (which see;) so called by the Ancients, thinking that they prepared the Seed: The Vein has several Branches and Anastomoses; the Artery goes streight on, but for two, or at the most three Divisions, or Branches.
Praeputium
is the fore-Skin, also the Prominen­cy of the Clytoris.
Praesepia
the holes of either Jaw, wherein are contained the Teeth.
Praeservatoria Indicatio
is a way whereby we prevent Diseases.
Pregma,
vid. Bregma.
Presbytia
is a dimness of Sight in things nigh at hand, tho a Man see tolerably well things at a distance: Usual with old Men.
Priapismus
is a continual Erection of the Yard without Lust: Also the Yard it self.
Primores Dentes
the fore-Teeth, wherewith we chaw our Meat, and which we show in laugh­ing.
Principes dies,
vid. Critici dies.
Principia,
vid. Elementa.
Probole,
vid. Apophisia.
Procatarctica
is the pre-existent Cause of a Disease, which co-operates with others that are subsequent; whether it be external or internal, as Anger, or Heat in the Air, which beget ill Juice in the Blood, and cause a Feaver.
Procatarxis,
the same.
Processus,
vid. Apophysis.
Processus Peritonaei
are as it were two oblong Pipes or Channels, reaching to the Skin of the Cods through the Holes of the Tendons of the oblique and transverse Muscles, in which Pro­ductions, or Didymi, as the Ancients call'd them, the seminary Vessels descend and return to­wards the Stones they grow under and cover them.
Procidentia Ani,
is a falling of the Gut Rectum by reason of too much looseness through the Fundament.
Procidentia uteri,
is a relaxing of the inner Tu­nick of the Vagina of the Womb, which falls through the Privities, and was cut off by Physicians: Formerly, and even still some think the Womb may fall down, but the Ligaments of the Womb hinder any such fall.
Procondyli
are the Bones of the Fingers next the back of the Hand.
Prodromus
is a Disease that comes before a greater, as the straitness of the Breast predicts a Consumption, or the Rickets.
Productio,
vid. Apophysis.
Proegumena
is an antecedent internal Cause of a Disease in the Body occasioned by another, and so causing the Disease, that if it be taken away, the Disease may still continue; as a Plethora, or ill Juice in the Blood, produced by an ill way of Diet, whence proceeds an Obstruction of Ves­sels and Passages, and a Constipation of the Entrails.
Prognosis & Signa prognostica
are Signs where­by we know what will become of the Patient.
Projectura,
vid. Apophysis.
Prolabia
the outmost prominent parts of the Lips.
Prolapsus uteri,
vid. Ʋteri prolapsus.
Prolepticus
is a Disease always anticipating; so as if the Ague come to day at four of the Clock, then to Morrow one Hour sooner, and so on.
Prophasis
is a Fore-knowledg in Diseases; also an Occasion or antecedent Cause.
Prophylactica
is a part of that part of Physick called Hygieina, (or what respects the Preser­vation [Page 238]of Health) which gives notice of future but imminent Diseases.
Prophylaxis,
the same.
Propoma
is a Drink made of Wine and Honey, or Sugar.
Propotisma
is the taking a Dose.
Proptosis
is the falling down of some part, as of the Eye, the Caule, &c.
Prospheromena
are Meats or Medicines taken inwardly.
Prosphysis
is a Coalition, or growing together, as when two Fingers are connected to each other.
Prostatae, Adstantes, or Corpora glandulosa,
are two Glandules under the seminal Bladders, near the Passage of the Seed, which (as may be guessed) Lubricitates the common Passage of the Seed and Urine, and is a Vehicle to the seminal Matter, and are said to provoke the Titillati­on in Coition: Their Moisture being conveyed by certain little Tubes, which terminate in the Passage near where the Seed is ejected, is emit­ted at the same time with it: The Learned Bartholine has observed some such thing in Wo­men.
Prostethis
is the fore-side of the Breast; also a fleshy part in the Hollows of the Feet and Hands, and betwixt the Fingers.
Prostesis
a part of Surgery which fills up what is wanting; as we see in hollow and fistulous Ul­cers fill'd up with Flesh by Chirurgery.
Protopathia
is a primary Disease, not caus'd by another.
Protuberantia,
vid. Apophysis.
Provocatorii Dies,
see Critici Dies, and Inter­calares.
Pruna,
see Carbunculus.
Pruritus, the Itch,
is a dry Unevenness of the Skin caused by Saline fixed Particles, pricking the Skin, and kept in by others more retentive which cannot exhale.
Psammismus,
a Bath of dry and warm Sand, wherewith the Feet of Men in the Dropsy are dryed.
Psammodea
are sandy and gravelly Matter in the Urine.
Psammos,
a Gravel which breeds in Mens Bo­dies, and is voided in Fits of the Stone.
Psilothron
is a Medicine wherewith Hairs are either taken out of the Body, or thinned, if they be extreme rough.
Psoas
are Muscles of the Loins, which proceed from about the two lowermost Vertebres of the Thorax, and the three uppermost Vertebres of the Loins or Flank: They descend obliquely upon the Rotator minor of the Thigh, and bend the Thigh.
Psora
is a wild Scab that makes the Skin Scaly.
Psoriasis
is a dry itching Scab of the Cods, which is often accompanied with an Exulcera­tion.
Psorica
are Medicines against the Scab.
Psorophthalmia
is an itching Scab of the Eyes.
Psyctica
are cooling Medicines.
Psydracia,
according to Paulus and Alexander, are little Ulcers of the Skin of the Head, like those which are wont to burn the Skin. Celsus [Page 240]says, they are an hard sort of Pustle something whitish, and acute, out of which is squeezed a moist Matter.
Psydraces,
according to others, are little Pu­stles or Pimples, which break out upon the Skin, like Bubbles, by reason of the Winter cold.
Psylothrum,
see Psilothron.
Ptarmica, or Sternuta loria,
are those things which being endowed with a more piercing Acri­mony than their Errhinaceous Medicines, do so extreamly irritate and shrivel up the Membranes of the Brain, that it sends forth the pituitous Hu­mour at the Nostrils in an extraordinary Mea­sure.
Pterna,
see Calx.
Pterygium
is the Wing or round Rising of the Nose or Eye, or the Process of the Bone Spheno­ides which is like a Wing. Also a membranous Excrescence above the horney Tunic of the Eye, called Ʋnguis and Ʋngula, growing for the most part from the inner corner towards the Apple of the Eye, and often obscuring it: Also the Nymphae of a Womans secret Parts.
Pterygoides
are the Processes and Muscles of the Wedg-like Bone.
Pterystaphylini
are Muscles of the peice of Flesh in the Roof of the Mouth called Gargareon, which proceed from the Wing-like Processes, and are terminated in the sides of the Ʋvula, or Gargareon.
Ptylosis
is when the Brims of the Eye-lids be­ing grown thick the Hairs of the Eye-Brows fall off.
Ptisana,
Ptisan, is a Decoction of Barley [Page 241]husked, Liquorish, Raisins.
Ptyalismus
is a too great Spitting.
Ptyalon
is Spit, or that Matter which is brought up from the Lungs by Coughing; for Saliva (which we English Spittle too) properly signifies the Moisture which is excerned by the Ductus Salivales.
Ptysma,
see Ptyalon.
Pugillus
is an handful of any Herbs. Others interpret it as much as may be taken up with three Fingers.
Pulmones, the Lungs,
are Organs of Respira­tion. The Famous Malpighius makes the Sub­stance of the Lungs (excepting the Nerves, a few Vessels, and the Branches of the Wind-Pipe) to be nothing but an Heap of little Bladders, the contexture whereof is so ordered, that there's a Passage into them from the Wind-Pipe, and into one another; till they all open into the Mem­brane which clothes the Lungs. The use of the Lungs is to breathe withal, and to mix and ac­cend the Blood with the Nitre they suck in.
Pulpa
is the fleshy part of Fruits, Roots, or other Bodies, which is extracted by Infusion or Boyling, and passing through a Sive: As the Pulp of Tamarinds, Cassia, Althaea, Dates, &c.
Pulsus, the Pulse,
is the immediate Index of the Heart, by the mediation whereof the Blood is diffused through the whole Body, and is diffe­rently affected thereby according to the different Influx of the Animal Spirits; the Motion where­of is chiefly to be attributed to the circular and direct Fibres. Others affirm it to be the Dila­tation and Contraction of the Heart and Blood. [Page 242]A Pulse is either natural or preternatural; of the former we have spoken already; the latter is such as is different according to the different Circumstances of the Fibres and Animal Spirits, to wit, strong, weak, swift, slow, equal, unequal, intermittent, &c.
Pulvilli,
the same with Splenia.
Pulvis,
see Species.
Punctum lachrymale,
see Lachrymale punctum.
Punctum saliens,
in the growth of an Egg you see a little Speck, or Cloud as it were, in the in­nermost Tunic of it, called Amnios, which grow­ing gradually thicker, acquires a kind of slimy Matter, in the middle whereof you see first this Punctum saliens (a little Speck that seems to leap;) afterward the rude Body of an Embrio, just like a shapeless kind of Maggot; which tends every Day more and more to Perfection.
Pupilla, or Pupula,
is the opening of the Tu­nic of the Eye, called Ʋvea or Choroides; it is round in Man, and is wont to be contracted or dilated like a Muscle, according to the different Influx of the Animal Spirits.
Pupula,
see Pupilla.
Purgantia,
Purging Medicines are those, which by reason of a peculiar disposition of their parts irritate the fleshy Fibres of the Ventricle, which become swoln and consequently contracted at the right end, so that the whole Substance of the Stomach is drawn up together and inclined towards the Pylorus, whence follows an Excre­tion downwards.
Purgatio, Purging,
is an Excretory Motion quick and frequent, proceeding from a quick and [Page 243]orderly Contraction of the carneous Fibres of the Stomach and Intestines; whereby the Chyle, and Excrements, and corrupted Humors, either bred or sent there from other parts, are pro­truded from part to part, till they be quite exclu­ded the Body.
Pus,
see Pyon.
Pustulae, Pimples,
are the Recrements of ill Blood that shoot forth in the Skin, and for want of Perspiration, or too viscous a Matter, stick there and cause an unequal Surface.
Putrefactio Chymica,
is the Dissolution of a con­crete Body, by natural Rottenness, in a moist Heat which corrupts the very Substance of it, and penetrates its most intimate Parts.
Pyon, or Pus,
is putrified Blood concocted in­to white Matter.
Pycnosis,
see Pycnotica.
Pycnotica,
see Incrassantia.
Pyelos,
see Choana.
Pylorus, or Janitor,
is the right Orifice of the Ventricle, which sends the Meat out of the Stomach.
Pyosis
is a Collection of Pus in any pa [...] of the Body.
Pyramidales Musculi
are placed in the Abdo­men, and lye upon the lowest Tendons of the right Muscles. They are not parts of the right Muscles, as Vesalius and Columbus are of opinion, but distinct, as Falopius proves, tho with some pertinent some impertinent Arguments. The peculiar Membrane wherewith they are clothed, and the order of their Fibres, shew them to be different from the right Muscles. They proceed [Page 244]from the external Os Pubis, and the higher they climb the narrower they grow, and end about the Navel in the white Seam; sometimes they are wanting, or the left is less than the right, or the right than the left.
Pyramidalia
are Vessels which prepare the Seed, of which in their proper place. Also Muscles of the Nostrils and of the Abdomen called Pyrami­dales, or of a Pyramidical Figure. Also two Strings of Marrow about the Basis of the ob­longated Marrow.
Pyretologia,
is a Description of Fevers: Of which Dr. Willis has writ most accurately.
Pyrotechnia,
the same that Chymia.
Pyrotica, or Ʋrentia,
are Medicines virtually hot, which being applied to Human Bodies, grow extreamly hot; because that having Particles and Pores so ordered, that Vapors and Humors in­sinuating into them, the subtile Matter finds such Passages, that it being moved extream violently, forces certain earthy, hard, and acute Particles, which slote in the Passages, upon the neighbour­ing parts with great Impetuosity, and so excites an Heat which corrupts, or changes differently, according to the diversity of its Motion, and the Particles which are moved. Such are things that cause Redness, that blister, that ripen or rot, that close up and bring Wounds to a Crust, and that pull Hairs out of the Body.
Pyulcus
is an Instrument wherewith Pus, or corrupted Matter, is evacuated.
Pyxis
is the Cavity of the Hip-Bone, which is called Acctabulum.
Q.
QƲadrans,
Physitians reckon a Weight of three Ounces, that is the fourth part of a Roman Pound.
Qualitas
is a Disposition or Contexture of lit­tle Particles, whence our Bodies may be any way denominated of such a Quality. Quality is ma­nifest, hidden, poysonous, contagious, Pesti­lent, &c.
Quartana febris intermittens, a Quartan Ague,
which the Ancients called Saturn's Daughter. It is at this Day a Scandal to Physicians, because it is so hard to be cured by those who follow the old way. It is a preternatural Effervescence of the Blood, which attaques a Man every fourth Day, and then leaves him. It is caused by an acid austere Blood, and nutritious Juice hindred in its Assimilation.
Quartarium,
the same that Quadrans.
Quid pro Quo
is when a Medicine of one Na­ture and Quality is substituted for another, which is not to be done without the consent of Physicians.
Quinta Essentia,
see Essentia quinta.
Quotidiana febris intermittens, an intermitting Quotidian Ague,
is that which returns every Day, and proceeds from crude Blood and an ill Assimilation of Chyle.
R.
RAbdoides,
the same that Sutura Sagittalis.
Rabies Hydrophobica,
see Hydrophobia.
Rachitae and Rachiaei
are Muscles belonging to the Back.
Rachitis,
see Rhachitis.
Radicales dies,
see Critici dies.
Radius
is the less Bone of the Cubit, called Fo­cile minus; it is more oblique than the great Bone called Ʋlna, and is distant a little from it in the middle, where there occurs a small Ligament: Above the Ʋlna receives the Radius, and below the Radius receives it. The upper part of the Radius is jointed with the outward Process of the Arm by Diarthrosis (which see); the lower by way of Appendix with the wrist Bone at the middle Finger. Its upper end is small, and the lower thick. It is also the greater Bone of the Leg.
Ramex,
see Hernia.
Ranula,
see Hypoglossum.
Raphe,
see Sutura.
Rarefacientia,
rarifying Remedies, are such as by dissipating a little the Vapours and Humors make the Pores of Bodies larger.
Rasetta,
the same that Carpus.
Raspatorium, or Scalprum Rasorium,
is a Chi­rurgeons Instrument to scrape or shave filthy and scaly Bones with.
Raucedo,
the same that Branchus.
Recidivus morbus, a Relapse,
is when the mor­bifick Matter, that was left in the first Distemper, begins to work and ferment again.
Rectificatio
is a repeated distillation of Liquors, to exalt and purify them the more.
Reduvia
is a certain light Cleft or Chap in the Skin at the Roots of the Nails.
Refrigeratorium
is a wooden Vessel, full of Wa­ter with a streight or spiral Pipe in it of Tin or Lead, which distilled Water is to flow through to cool it.
Regius morbus,
see Icterus.
Relaxantia,
see Chalastica.
Relaxatio
is a Dilatation of Parts or Vessels.
Reminiscentia, Remembrance,
is a Perception whereby the Ideas of things before perceived, and impressed upon the Mind by Sensation or o­ther Perception, are again offered and represen­ted to the Soul, by the Mediation of Animal Spi­rits, in the common Sensory; either by their former Footsteps and Images impressed upon the Brain, or by some Words or other Signs which awakened and stirred them up. Or Reminiscence is an arbitrary drawing out of things, which were before impressed upon the Brain, for its own use.
Remissio Febrium, a remitting of Fevers,
is a boyling down of hot and over-boyling Blood, which is Absolute in intermittent Fevers, and but Partial in continued ones.
Renes, the Reins or Kidneys;
there are two of them in the Abdomen, placed under the Liver and Spleen; the right Kidney is lower in a Man than the left: They are chiefly made up of lit­tle [Page 248]Channels, or Conduits, which arise from the Glandules that lye about the Extremities of the Arteries, whence they receive the Serum, which passes on to the Carunculae Papillares, or little pieces of pappy Flesh, to the Pelvis, (or Basin) to the Ureters, the Bladder, and so out of Doors.
Renes succenturiati,
see Capsulae atrabilariae.
Repellentia
are such things as by stopping the Heat and Afflux of Humors, and by shutting up the Pores with their cold or binding Qualities, decrease the swelling of a part, and drive the Humors another way.
Res naturales,
Natural Things are three; Health, the Causes of Health, and its Effects. Others reckon seven, as the Elements, Temperaments, Humors, Spirits, Parts, Faculties, Actions; but Elements and Temperaments belong to natural Philosophy; Humors, Spirits and Parts are reckoned amongst the Causes of Health, which consist of a good Temperature and a due Con­formation; Faculties and Actions are compre­hended under the Effects of Health.
Res non naturales,
Things that are not Natural are Six: Air, Meat and Drink, Motion and Rest, Sleep and Waking, the Affections of the Mind, Things that are let out of, and Things re­tained in the Body. They are so called, because that if they exceed their due Bounds, they often occasion Diseases.
Res preter Naturam,
things beside Nature are Diseases, their Causes, their Symptoms and Effects.
Resolventia,
dissolving Remedies are such as are apt to dissipate or scatter Particles, that are driven into the Body or any part of it, with their own spirituous and sulphureous Parti­cles.
Respiratio, Breathing,
is an alternate Dilata­tion and Contraction of the Chest, whereby the nitrous Air is taken in by the Wind-Pipe for the accension of the Blood, and by and by is driven out again with other vaporous Effluvi­ums. The Cause of Respiration does not seem to consist in the Dilatation and Contraction of the Thorax, as is commonly thought, but in the Contraction of the Tunic which covers the upper part of the Oesophagus and the Wind-Pipe as far as its Closest Recesses.
Rete mirabile,
the wonderful Net, in the Brain, is so called by reason of its admirable Structure; it consists of several small Arteries; it is under the Basis of the Brain, and comprehends the pituitary Glandule, by the sides of the Bone Ophenoides: The Use of it is, that the Blood may cast off its serous parts into the pituitary Glan­dule, that it may afford finer and purer Spirits: Secondly, lest the Blood by rushing too sudden­ly upon the Brain, should in some measure suppress it; it is not so found in a Man and an Horse, which perform noble things.
Reticularis plexus,
the same that Choroides.
Reticulum,
the same that Omentum.
Retiformis plexus,
see Plexus retiformis.
Retiformis tunica
is a certain Expansion of the inner Substance of the Optic Nerve in the Eye, which is to the Eye like a whited Wall in a dark [Page 250]Chamber, which receives and represents the vi­sible Species that are let in by a hole in a darken­ed Room.
Retina tunica,
see Retiformis and Amphible­stroides.
Retorta, a Retort,
is a Chymical Vessel, made of Glass, Stone, or Iron; of a round Figure, to the side whereof there is fastened a bended, retorted, and hollow Beak or Nose, where­by the things that are to be distilled are put in and out.
Reverberatio chymica
is a Burning, whereby Bodies are calcined by an actual Fire in a Furnace called Reverberium.
Reverberium
is a Chymical Oven or Furnace, wherein Bodies that are to be burned or distil­led are calcined.
Revulsoria,
V. S. is whereby the Blood that gushes upon one part is diverted a contrary way, by the opening of a Vein in a remote and con­venient place.
Rhachitis
is the Spinal Marrow, which see in its proper place: Also a Disease common a­mongst the English, which is an unequal Nourish­ing of parts accompanied with Looseness of parts, Softness, Weakness, Faintness, Drow­zyness, a great swelling Head, with Leanness below the Head, with Protuberances about the Joints, Crookedness of Bones, Straitness of the Breast, Swelling of the Abdomen, Stretching of the Hypochondres, a Cough, &c. The English call it the Rickets: But because the occasion of it often lyes in the Spinal Marrow, the Famous Glisson calls it appositely enough Rhachitis.
Rhagades, the Latines say Soissurae, Eissurae, Rimae, Chinks, Clefts,
which as they happen in other parts of the Body, Hands, Feet, Lips, the entrance of the Womb; so they may hap­pen in the Fundament, in the Extremity of the Gut Rectum, and in the Sphincter or Muscle which closes the Fundament. Rhagades in the Fundament are certain oblong little Ulcers, without Swelling, like those which are some­times occasioned in the Hands by great Cold. Some are superficial, others deep: Some are not hard nor callous, others are: Some are moist and send forth Matter, others dry and cancrous.
Rhegma
is a Breaking or Bursting of any part, as of a Bone, the inner Rine of the Belly, the Eye, &c.
Rheuma, Rheum,
is a Defluxion of Humor from the Head upon the parts beneath, as upon the Eyes, or Nose.
Rheumatismus
is a wandring Pain in the Body, often accompanied with a small Fever, Swelling, Inflammation, &c.
Rhexis,
the same that Rhegma.
Rhinenchytes
is a little Syringe to inject Medi­cines into the Nostrils.
Rhodinum
is Rose-Vinegar, or any thing made of Roses.
Rhomboides
is a pair of Muscles proceeding from the three lowermost Vertebres of the Neck, and as many upper Spinal Processes of the Vertebres of the Back: By and by they descend, and being fleshy at the begin­ning and end, go as far as the Basis of the Shoul­der-blade, [Page 252]which they move backward and ob­liquely upward.
Rhyptica
are scouring Medicines which cleanse away Filth.
Rhythmus
is a certain proportion of Pulses, Time, Life, Age, &c.
Rhythidosis
is a Wrinkling of any part.
Rigor
is a Vibration and Concussion of the Skin and Muscles of the whole Body, accompa­nied with Chilness.
Rima pudendi, or Fissura magna,
is so called, because it reaches from the lower part of the Os Pubis almost as far as the Fundament, so that the space betwixt the one and the other, which is called Perinaeum, or Interforamineum, is scarce a Fingers breadth. By frequent Coition it grows larger. The use of it is for Generation, Excre­tion of Urine and other Excrements, and for the bearing of Young.
Risus Sardonius
is a Contraction of each Jaw.
Rob,
see Apochylisma.
Robub,
the same.
Roriferus ductus,
the same that Ductus chyli­ferus.
Ros,
in the account of the Ancients, was the first Moisture that falls from the Extremities of Vessels, and is dispersed upon the Substance of the Members. Ros, says Galen, is a third sort of Moisture whereby the parts of our Body are nourished, and is contained in all the parts of an Animal, like a certain Dew sprinkled upon them: This is the Opinion of the Ancients.
Rosa,
the same that Erysipelas.
Rostriformis processus,
see Coracoides.
Rotator major & minor,
are two Apophyses in the upper part of the Thigh-Bone, called Tri­chanteres, in which the Tendons of many Muscles are terminated.
Rotula,
the same that Mola genu.
Rotulae,
see Tabellae.
Rubrica,
see Impetigo.
Ructatio, Belching,
is a depraved Motion of the Stomach, occasioned by an Effervescence there, whereby Vapours and flatulent Matter are sent out at the Mouth. And it is either acid, or stinking, or savours like something burnt or roasted.
Ructus,
see Bombus and Ructatio.
Rugitus
is an Effervescence of Chyle and Excrements in the Blood, whereby Wind and several other Motions are excited in the Guts, and rowl up and down the Excrements, when there's no easy Vent nor upwards nor down­wards.
Ruptio,
see Rhegma.
Ryas
is a too plentiful and preternatural fal­ling of Tears.
S.
SAccus
is the Gut called Rectum.
Sacculus Chyliferus, or Roriferus,
is the lower part of the Passage of the Chyle, into which are inserted all the Lacteal Veins of the second sort, and a great number of the Lymphatic Ves­sels.
Sacculus Cordis,
see Pericardium.
Sacculi Medicinales,
are▪ when several Sim­ples, according to the Nature of the Disease, are compounded and beaten together, and tied up in a little Bag, to be applyed to the part affe­cted. The Bag is to be sewed or quilted down in several places, that the Ingredients run not al­together in a Lump.
Sacer Ignis,
see Herpes Exedens.
Sacer Morbus,
see Epilepsia.
Sacrum Os, the Holy Bone,
consists of the six lower Vertebres, to which are joyned the Ossa Coccygis, or Hip Bones; in the hinder part of the Abdomen it makes that Cavity which is called Pelvis or the Bason.
Sagittalis Sutura, or Veruculata,
is that Suture of the Scull, which begins at the Coronal or Crown Suture, and ends in the Lambdoidal Su­ture.
Saliva & Salivum, Spittle,
is an insipid Li­quor, which being separated in the Maxillar Glandules or Glandules of the Jaws, and by proper Passages flowing into the Mouth, serves to moisten its Mouth and Gullet, and assists to the chewing of Meat, and in some measure to [Page 255]the Digestion and Fermentation of it in the Sto­mach.
Salivatio, Salivation,
is an Evacuation of Spit­tle by Salivating Medicines, of which sort prin­cipally are Mercurial Preparations. Salivation is sometimes taken for a preternatural Increase of Spittle.
Salvatella,
is that Vein which from the Veins of the Arm is terminated in the little Finger.
Sanguificatio,
see Haematosis.
Sanguis, Blood,
is a red florid Liquor con­tained in the Veins and Arteries, and consists of all those parts of the Chyle which pass through the Papillae, the little soft risings of the Intestines. This is that which gives Nourishment, Life and Strength to all the parts of the Body. The Microscope discovers that the parts of the Blood are round or globular naturally, but that in Fe­vers 'tis full of Worms.
Sanies,
is a thick and bloody Pus, or Matter.
Sanitas,
see Hygieia.
Sapa,
see Apochylisma.
Saphaena
is the Vein of the Leg, or Crural Vein.
Saphatum
is a dry Scurf in the Head, see Achor.
Saponea
is a Lambitive made of Almonds.
Sapor,
see Gustus.
Sarcocele
is a Rupture, which consists in a fleshy Excrescence of the Testicles.
Sarcoma
is a fleshy Excrescence.
Sarcomphalum
is a fleshy Excrescence of the Navel.
Sarcophagum,
see Cathaereticum.
Sarcosis,
see Sarcoma.
Sarcotica
are those Medicines which fill up [Page 254] [...] [Page 255] [...] [Page 256]Wounds with Flesh, such as by their moderate Heat and cleansing qualities keep Wounds and Ulcers free from Filth and preserve the natural temper of the Parts, so that the Aliment easily supplies the Solution of the Parts.
Sare,
see Essere.
Satyriasis, sive Priapismus,
is an immoderate desire of Venery, which upon Coition vanishes. 'Tis taken sometimes for the Leprosy, because in that Disease the Skin acquires the Roughness of a Satyr: 'Tis likewise used for the Swelling of the Glandules behind the Ears.
Satyriasmus,
see Satyriasis.
Scabies, the Itch:
'Tis of two sorts, moist and dry; the Moist is an inequality or roughness of the Skin with moist and purulent Pustles, accom­panied with a constant Itching; the Dry Itch is fourfold Pruritus, Impetigo, Psora, and Lepra, which see.
Scalenum,
is that pair of Muscles which extend the Neck. They are perforated to make way for the Veins and Arteries, and the Nerves of the hinder part of the Neck as they go to the Arm.
Scalpellum Ʋmbilicarium,
is the Knife with which the Midwife cuts off the Navels of Chil­dren.
Scalprum Chirurgicum,
a Lancet.
Scalprum Rasorium,
see Raspatorium.
Scamnum Hypocratis, Hypocrates's Bench,
is an Instrument of six Ells long, 'tis used in setting of Bones.
Scapha,
is the Inner Rim of the Ear.
Scaphoides,
is the Third Os Tarsi in the Foot, 'tis joyned to the Ancle-Bone and the three hin­der [Page 257]Bones: 'Tis called also Os Naviculare from some resemblance it has of a Boat.
Scapula,
see Homoplata.
Scarificatio, Scarification,
'tis an Incision of the Skin with a Pen-knife or Lancet: This is done either with or without Cupping-Glasses; without Cupping-Glasses if there be any Morti­fication or Gangrene, because the Separation is by all means to be hastned; with Cupping-Glasses, if there be a necessity of taking away Blood.
Sceletum, a Skeleton,
is when the Bones are dryed and put together according to Art in their natural Order and Position.
Scelotyrbe,
is a wandring Pain in the Legs, pro­ceeding chiefly from the Scurvey. Hence the Water proper for this Distemper is called Aqua Scelotyrbitis.
Schesis,
is the Disposition of the Body.
Schetica febris,
is opposed to the Hectic Fever, because it is feated mostly in the Blood and is ea­sily cured, but a Hectic Fever is fixed in the ve­ry Habit of the Body, and not to be removed without great difficulty.
Schisma,
a Cut in any part either hard or soft.
Schiatica,
see Arthritis.
Schirrosis,
see Schirrus.
Schirrus & Schirroma,
is a hard, livid Swel­ling, that resists the touch and is without Pain.
Scleriasis,
is a Hardness of any part.
Scleroma,
the same.
Scleropthalmia
is a hard Blearedness of the Eyes accompanied with Pain, a slow Motion of the Eyes, with redness and dryness of 'em.
Sclerotica,
see Cornea.
Sclerotica, or hardning Medicines,
are such as unite the parts more firmly amongst themselves, and that either by dissipating the thin and soft parts, or else sometimes by retaining them; the first by hardning the Matter into a Schirrus by too hot Medicines, the latter is done when the part affected acquires a Hardness by cooling and astringent Medicines, such are Sengreen, Night­shade, Porcelan, and Water-Lintels. Therefore these Sclerotic Medicines are either healing, or else cooling and astringent.
Scleruntica,
the same with Sclerotica.
Scoliasis,
is a Distortion of the Back-Bone to one or t'other side.
Scolopomachaerion,
is a Chirurgions Knife, with which Wounds of the Thorax are widened; 'tis used also in opening larger Swellings; as also in opening the Abdomen.
Scorbutus, the Scurvy,
is a Disease that is Epi­demial to the Hollanders. The Symptoms of it are generally, livid Spots on the Hands and Feet, weakness of the Legs, stinking Breath, looseness of the Teeth, bleeding of the Gums, Convul­sions, Pains, running Gout, Cholick, &c. This is of two kinds, either Salino-Sulphureus, when the Sulphur is predominant to Salt; or Sulphureo-Salinus, when the Salt is predominant to the Sul­phur; this is likewise either in the Blood or ner­vous Juice.
Scriptulus,
see Scrupulus.
Scotoma,
the same with Scotomia.
Scotomia, Dizziness or Swimming of the Head,
is when the Animal Spirits are so whirled about [Page 259]that the External Objects seem to run round.
Scrobiculus Cordis,
see Anticardium.
Scroptula,
are preternatural hard Glandules, or preternatural Swellings of the Glandules of the Neck and Ears; they are contained in a pro­per Tunic.
Scrotum, the Cod,
is a Bag which contains the Testicles of the Male, it consists of a Skin fleshy Panniculus, the two Tunics Erythrois and Elythrois. In the middle of it is a Line ex­tended in the length, which divides the right part from the left. For more easy Distention or Contraction 'tis void of Fat.
Scrotum Cordis,
see Pericardium.
Scrupulus, a Scruple,
it is the third part of a Drachm and contains twenty Grains.
Scutiforme Os,
see Mola Genu.
Scutiformis Cartilago,
see Ensiformis.
Scutum,
see Mola Genu.
Scybala,
are Sheeps, or Goats, &c. Buttons, or Excrement.
Scypho,
is the Infundibulum in the Brain: Like­wise those Passages which convey the Spittle from the Os Cribriforme to the Pallat.
Sectio Caesaria,
see Hysteratomotocia.
Secundinae,
the Secundine, or After-Birth, are the three Membranes, Chorion, Alantois, and Amnion, which with the Placenta, are excluded after the Birth.
Sedimentum Ʋrinae,
the Sediment of Urine, are parts of the nutritious Juice, which being separated from the Blood, with the Serum, be­cause of their gravity, sink to the bottom of the Urine.
Sella Equina, seu Turcica,
it is compounded of four Processes of the Bone Sphenoeides, or Wedg-like Bone; it contains the Pituitarian Glandule, and in Brutes the Rete Mirabile.
Sella Sphenoeidis,
the same with Sella Equina.
Sella Turcica,
the same.
Semeiosis,
see Diagnosis.
Semeiotica,
is that part of Physick which treats of the Signs of Health and Sickness.
Semen, Seed,
is a white, hot, spirituous, thick, clammy, saltish Humor, which is made out of the thinnest parts of the Blood in the Te­sticles and Epididymides, and by proper Passages is ejected into the Womb of the Female. There is also in the Female a Matter which is called Seed, which proceeds from the Prostates, and frequently in their Lechery is emitted forth: The use of this is to raise Titillation, and render the Coition more pleasant.
Semicupium,
is a Bath in which the Patient is only up to the Navel in Water.
Sensorium Commune, or the Seat of common Sense,
is that part of the Brain in which the Nerves from the Organs of all the Senses are terminated, which is in the beginning of the Medulla Oblongata.
Sensus, Sense,
is when the Motion impressed by the outward Objects upon the Fibres of the Nerves is convey'd, by the help of the Animal Spirits in the Nerves, to the common Sensory or Medulla Oblongata.
Sephyros,
is a hard Inflammation of the Womb.
Septa,
the same with Septica.
Septica, sive Putrefacientia,
are those things [Page 261]which by a malignant Heat and sharpness rot and corrupt the Flesh.
Septum Lucidum,
is a Partition, upon the ac­count of its thinness Diaphanous, which distin­guishes the Ventricles of the Brain.
Septum Transversum,
see Diaphragma.
Serpigo,
see Lichen.
Serapium,
see Syrupus.
Serra,
a Saw.
Serum,
is a watery, thin, yellowish, and saltish Humor, which consists chiefly of Water, with a moderate quantity of Salt and a little Sulphur: The Use of it is to be a Vehicle to the Blood.
Sesamoeidea Ossa,
are 16, 19, 20, and some­times more little Bones, so called from the like­ness they have to Sesamum Seeds, which are found in the Joynts of the Hands and Feet.
Setaceum,
is when the Skin of the Neck is ta­ken up and run through with a Needle; and the Wound afterward kept open by Bristles, a Skean of Silk, &c. that so the ill Humors may vent themselves.
Sextans,
is the sixth part of a Pound, contain­ing two Ounces.
Sialismus,
see Ptyalismus.
Sialochus,
see Ptyalismus.
Sialon,
see Sielos & Saliva.
Sideratio,
see Spacelos.
Sief Album,
see Collyrium.
Sigmoides,
are the Apophyses of the Bones, representing the Letter C of the ancient Greeks. Also the three Valves of the Great Artery that hinder the Blood from returning back to the Heart.
Signum Morbi,
the Symptome of a Disease.
Siliqua,
is half a Lupin, of which six weigh a Scruple. This is to be understood of the Seed contained in it.
Similares partes,
Similar Parts, are such as are throughout of the same Nature and Texture.
Simplicia, Simples,
are Medicines unmixt and uncompounded.
Sinapismus,
is a Medicine applyed to the Head, and is prepared of Mustard, wild Radish, Salt, and Leven.
Sinciput,
the sides of the Head.
Singultus,
see Lygmus.
Sinus Mening is,
are those Cavities which Galen calls the Ventricles of the Thick Membrane. The first and second, or the lateral Sinus's, are seated between the Brain and the Cerebellum, and end in the Vertebral Sinus's. The third begins from the Os Cribiforme, and ends in the middle of the former Sinus's. The fourth arises from the Pi­nealis Glandule, and ends in the middle of the lateral Sinus's. The Insertion of these Sinus's is called Torcular Herophili. The Sinus's after they have passed through the Skull, are partly con­tinued with the Jugular Veins, and partly de­scend through the whole length of the Spinal Marrow down to the Os Sacrum. The Use of them is to supply the place of Veins, for they convey the Blood from the Brain and Cerebellum, partly into the Jugular Veins, and partly into the Vertebral Sinus's.
Sinus Ossium,
are those Cavities of the Bones which receive the Heads of other Bones.
Sircasis,
is an Inflammation or rather great Heat of the Brain and its Membranes, occasion'd by the heat of the Sun: This is frequent in Chil­dren, because of the thinness of their Skulls.
Sirones,
are a sort of Pustles which arise in the Palms of the Hands and Soles of the Feet, and contain in them a very little sort of Worms or Lice.
Sitis, Thirst,
is a Defect of the Salival Juice which occasions the fancy and desire of Drink.
Solutio chymica,
is a resolving any Body into its Chymical Principles; which are, Spirit, Salt, Sulphur, Water and Earth.
Solutio continui,
is a Dissolution of the Unity and Continuity of the Parts: As in Wounds, Ulcers, Fractures, &c.
Somnambulo,
see Noctambulo.
Somnifera, or Sleeping Medicines,
are such which consisting of faetid Sulphureous parts, dis­sipate and extinguish the Animal Spirits, and hinder their increase, whence follows Sleep.
Somnus, Sleep,
is a streightning of the Pores of the Brain, caused by the Rest of the Animal Spirits, by which means the outward Senses rest from their Operations.
Somnolentia continua,
is a constant Drouziness and Inclination to Sleep; this comes to pass when the Pores of the outward or Cortical Sub­stance of the Brain are quite closed up by some viscous Matter, so that the Animal Spirits can­not freely pass.
Spagyrica Medecina,
see Hermetica.
Sparadrapum,
is a piece of Linnen ting'd of both sides, either with a thick Ointment, or [Page 264]Plaister, and is made this way; after you have melted your Ointment, or Plaister, dip your Linnen in it; extend it and keep it for use.
Sora,
see Essere.
Sparganum,
see Fascia.
Sparganosis,
is a Distention of the Breasts, oc­casioned by too much Milk.
Spasma,
see Spasmns.
Spasmodica,
are Medicines against Convulsi­ons.
Spasmologia,
is a Treatise of Convulsions.
Spasmus,
is any Convulsive Motion. Cardan makes two sorts of Convulsive Affections, viz. Tetanus and Spasmus; by the former he under­stands a constant Contraction, whereby the Member becomes rigid and inflexible; by the latter he understands sudden Concussions and Motions, which cease and return alternately.
Spatha,
is an oblong Instrument, broad at the lower end: Its Use is to take up Conserves and Electuaries without fouling the Hands.
Spathomela,
is an oblong Instrument, made of Silver or Iron, which Chirurgions and Apothe­caries use.
Species, or Pouders,
are those Simples which are designed to make Compounds with. So Spe­cies of Treacle are those Ingredients of which Treacle is compounded: By the same Name are called the Species of ordinary Decoctions. This Name is chiefly given to some Aromatick and Purging Pouders: Perhaps because here­tofore they were made up into Electuaries, Bolus's, &c.
Specifica Medicamenta,
are those Medicines which have a peculiar Virtue against some one Disease.
Specillum,
a Probe.
Speculum lucidum,
see Septum Lucidum.
Speculum Oculi,
the Apple or Pupil of the Eye: see Aranea Tunica Oculi.
Speculum Oris,
see Dilatatorium.
Spermaticae Partes,
are those Arteries and Veins which bring the Blood to and convey it from the Testicles: Likewise those Vessels through which the Seed passes: Likewise all whitish parts of the Body, which because of their whiteness were anciently thought to be made of the Seed: Of this sort are Nerves, Bones, Membranes, Gris­sles, &c.
Spermatocele,
a Rupture caused by the Con­traction of the Vessel which ejects the Seed, and its falling down into the Scrotum.
Sphacelodes,
like to the Apoplexy.
Sphacelus,
is a sudden Extinction of Life and Sense in every part.
Sphagitides,
are the Jugular Veins in the Neck.
Sphenoeides,
see Sphenois.
Sphenois,
see Os Cuneiforme.
Sphenopharyngaeus,
is a pair of Muscles arising from the Sinus of the inner Wing of the Os Cu­neiforme, or Wedg-like Bone, and going oblique­ly downward, is extended into the sides of the Gullet; it dilates the Gullet.
Sphincter,
is a Muscle that contracts the Gullet, Anus, Bladder, &c.
Sphygmica,
is that part of Physick which treats of Pulses.
Sphygmus,
the Pulse.
Spina Dorsi
are the hinder Prominences of the Vertebrae's.
Spina Ventosa,
is an Ulceration in which the Bones are eaten by a malignant Humor without any pain of the Periostium, or Membrane that co­vers the Bone, after that a Swelling being risen without any Pain, the part affected is quite eaten out with the Ulcer, from whence frequently fol­lows a necessity of Amputation.
Spinalis medulla,
see Medulla spinalis.
Spiritus, Spirits,
are reckon'd of three sorts, the Animal Spirits in the Brain, the Vital in the Heart, the Natural in the Liver; but late Au­thors distinguish'em only into two kinds, the Animal in the Brain, the Vital and Natural (which are accounted the same) in the Mass of Blood. The Animal Spirits are a very thin Liquor, which distilling from the Blood in the outward or Cortical Substance of the Brain, are by the proper Ferment of the Brain exalted into Spirits, and thence through the Medullar Sub­stance of the Brain, the Corpus Callosum, and Medulla Oblongata, are derived into the Nerves and Spinal Marrow, and in them perform all the Actions of Sense and Motion. The Vital or Na­tural Spirits, are the subtilest parts of the Blood which actuate and ferment it, and make it fit for Nourishment.
Splanchnica,
are Medicines proper against Dis­eases of the Intestines.
Splanchnon,
see Intestina.
Splen, five Lien, the Spleen,
is a Receptacle for the Salt and earthy Excrements of the Blood, [Page 267]that there, by the assistance of the Animal Spi­rits, it may be volatiliz'd, and returning again into the Blood may concur to its farther Fer­mentation. The Spleen consists of a great num­ber of little Bladders, between which the Glan­dules are scatter'd up and down and supply the place of Veins: The Spleen has likewise an Ar­tery, Nerves, and Lymphatick Vessels, first dis­covered by Fr. Ruisch. It's very like the Sole of the Foot, and in Cows is exactly like a Beeves Tongue.
Splenia,
are Bolsters made of Linnen, three, four, or five times doubled, even to the thick­ness of the Spleen, they are used upon Wounds, Ulcers, and Fractures. The Figure is three­fold according to the manner of Application, viz. at length, obliquely, or transversely: They are called also Plumaccoli and Plagulae.
Splenica, Splenical Medicines,
are such as by at­tenuating and volatilizing the grosser parts, re­move the Distempers and Obstructions of the Spleen.
Splenii Musculi,
arise partly from the five low­er Vertebrae's of the Neck, and partly from the points of five of the upper Vertebrae's of the Tho­rax; the Fibres of these Muscles tend obliquely, and are fastned to the hinder part of the Head: The Use of 'em is to draw the Head backward.
Spongoeidea Ossa,
see Cribroformia.
Sporadici morbi,
are those Diseases which (dif­ferent in Nature) seize several People at the same time, and in the same Countrey.
Sputum,
Liquor thicker than ordinary Spittle.
Squammosa Sutura,
see Lepidoides.
Stagma,
are Juices of Plants mixt together in order to Distillation.
Stalagma,
is that which is distilled from the Stagma.
Staltica,
see Sarcotica.
Stapes,
see Incus.
Staphyle,
see Cion.
Staphyloma,
is a Disease of the Eye, in which the two Tunics of the Eye Cornea and Ʋvea, be­ing broken, fall outward in the shape of a Grape.
Status Morbi,
see Acme.
Steatocele,
is a Rupture or Tumor in the Scro­tum of a Fatty or Suet-like Consistence.
Steatoma,
is a preternatural Swelling, which consists of a Matter almost like Suet, of the same Colour throughout, soft, and tho not easily yielding to the touch, yet suddenly returns, the Fingers removed, to its proper shape and bigness.
Stegnosis,
is a Constriction and stopping up of the Pores.
Stegnotica,
see Astringentia.
Stercus,
is that Excrement which is voided by Stool; it consists of those parts of the Aliment and Bile which is unfit for Nourishment.
Sterilitas,
see Agonia.
Sternum Os, the Breast-Bone,
is joyn'd to the Ribs in the foremost part of the Breast; it consists of 3 or 4 Bones, and frequently in those that are come to ripeness of Age grows into one Bone; to this is joyned in the lower part of it the Cartila­go Ensiformis.
Sternohyoides,
is that pair of Muscles which from the uppermost part of the Breast-Bone, goes outwards and ascends up to the Basis of the Os Hyoeides.
Sternothurocides,
is a pair of Muscles of the Car­tilago Scutiformis which draw it downward; this arises from the uppermost and inward part of the Breast-Bone, and is inserted into the lower side of the Cartilago Ensiformis.
Sternutatio, Sneezing,
is a forcible driving out of the Head some sharp Matter which velli­cates and disturbs the Nerves and Fibres: 'Tis defin'd likewise an involuntary Motion of the Brain, which also contracts the Muscles of the Thorax and Abdomen, to the intent that the Matter which vellicates the Nostrils and Brain may be driven out.
Stigma,
a Scar.
Stoma, the Mouth,
as also the Mouths of any Vessels.
Stomachus,
is properly the left Orifice of the Ventricle, or Stomach, by which Meats are re­ceived into it. To this part descend Nerves from the par Vagum, and intercostal Nerves, and are mix'd and woven with one another.
Strabilismus,
see Strabismus.
Strabismus, Squinting,
is occasioned by the Re­laxation, Contraction, Distorsion, too great Length, or too great Shortness of the Muscles which move the Eye.
Strabositas,
see Strabismus.
Sternutatorium, five Sternutamentum,
a Sneezing Medicine, or Snuff.
Stillicidium Ʋrinae,
see Stranguria.
Stranguria, the Strangury,
is a difficulty of U­rine, when the Urine comes away by Drops only, accompanied with a constant Inclination of making Water.
Stratificatio,
is a corroding of Metals by cor­rosive Pouders. The Operation is performed in this manner: Put first in the bottom of the Cru­cible some of the corroding Pouder; then some of the Metal you are to corrode beaten into thin Plates; then some of the Pouders, and upon them some more Plates of your Metal, and so on till the Crucible be full; then make Ignemrotae, or a Fire round your Crucible to the top, or else place it in a Reverbatory, according as the Ope­ration shall require.
Struma,
see Scrophula.
Stryphna,
see Astringentia.
Stupefacientia,
see Narcotica.
Stupea, seu Stupa,
is a piece of Linnen dipt in a Liquor, and applied to the part affected.
Stupor,
Numness.
Stylocer athoeides,
are the Muscles of the Os Hyoeides which draw upwards: They arise from the outward Appendix of the Os Styliforme, and are extended to the Horns or Points of the Os Hyoeides.
Styloglossum,
is that pair of Muscles which lift up the Tongue; they arise from the Appendix of the Os Styliforme, and are inserted about the middle of the Tongue.
Styloeides,
are Processes of Bone fashioned backward like a Pencil, fastened into the Basis of the Skull it self.
Stylopharyngaeus,
is a pair of Muscles that di­late the Gullet, descending from an Appendix of a Bone in fashion of a Pencil, and which rea­ches the sides of the Gullet.
Stymma,
is that thick Mass which remains after the steeping of Flowers, Herbs, &c. and pressing out their Oil.
Styptica,
see Astringentia.
Subcartilageneum,
see Hypocondrium.
Subeth Avicennae,
see Coma.
Sublimatio,
is a dry Extract, consisting of the more subtile parts raised above the Mass, and sticking to the Sides and Neck of the Vessel.
Sublaxatio,
a dislocation, or putting out of Joint.
Subsidentia,
see Sedimentum.
Succago,
see Apochylisma.
Succedaneum,
see Antiballomenon.
Succenturiati Renes,
see Capsulae atrabilariae.
Succus Pancreaticus,
see Ductus Pancreaticus.
Sudamina,
are little Pimples in the Skin, like Millet Grains; this is frequent in Children and Youths, especially those that are of a hot Tem­per, and use much Exercise: They break out in the Neck, Shoulders, Breast, Arms and Thighs, and mostly about the Privities.
Sudationes,
the same with Sudamina.
Sudor, Sweat,
is a watry Humor which consists of Water chiefly with a moderate quantity of Salt and Sulphur: This is driven through the Pores of the Skin by the Heat and Fermentation of the Blood, and sometimes by its Weakness and Colliquation.
Sudorifera,
see Hydrotica.
Suffimentum,
the same with Suffitus.
Suffitus,
is a thickish Powder, prepar'd of odo­riferous Plants, Gums, &c. which thrown upon Coals produces a pleasant Smell.
Suffocatio Ʋterina,
see Hysterica passio.
Suffumigium,
see Suffitus.
Suffusio,
see Hypochyma & Cataracta.
Sugillata,
see Enchymoma.
Sugillatio,
see Enchymoma.
Summitates,
the tops of Herbs.
Supercilium,
see Cilium.
Superfoetatio,
is when after one Conception a­nother succeeds, so that both are in the Womb together: Sennertus makes mention of frequent Cases of this Nature.
Superpurgatio,
see Hypercatharsis.
Supplantalia,
are Plaisters applyed to the Feet; these for the most part are made of Leven, Mu­stard, wild Radish, Salt, Sope, Gun-Powder, &c.
Suppositorium, a Suppository,
it is compounded of Honey, Salt, and Purging Powders.
Suppuratio,
see Abscessus.
Sura,
the same with Os Fibulae.
Sutura Ossium, a Suture
is the Juncture of Bones (of the Scull) like the Teeth of Saws meeting together.
Sutura,
is a Connexion of the Sides or Lips of a Wound: This is of two sorts, Actual, which is done with a Needle of a triangular point, a Pipe, or Cane, and waxed Thread, first in the middle of the Wound you must sew it together with a double Thread, and having made a knot, cut it off; the rest of the Wound must be sewed up with a single Thread; care must be taken that the Stitches are not set too wide, nor too close, especially not too close, that there may be room for any corrupt Matter bred in the Wound to work out: The other sort of Suture is much like [Page 273]the way that Skinners use to sew Skins together; this is proper in Wounds of the Intestines, and in Cuts of the Veins and Arteries.
Sycosis,
is an Excrescence of the Flesh about the Fundament. 'Tis also an Ulcer so called from the resemblance of a Fig; this is of two kinds, one hard and round; the other soft and flat: Out of the hard issues a very small quanti­ty of glutinous Matter; out of the Moist pro­ceeds a greater quantity, and of an ill Smell: These Ulcers grow in those patts only which are covered with Hair; the hard and round chiefly in the Beard, the moist for the most part in the Scalp.
Syderatio,
see Apoplexia.
Symbebecota,
are Accidents which happen to those that are well, to distinguish 'em from Symp­toms which happen in Diseases.
Symmetria,
is a good Temper.
Sympasma,
see Phaenigmus.
Sympepsis,
is a Coction of those Humors which are growing into an Imposthume.
Symphysis,
is the Joining of two Bones of which neither has a proper distinct Motion: This is either without any Medium, or else with it, as with a Cartilage or Grisle, a Ligament or Flesh.
Symptoma,
is a preternatural Disposition of the Body occasioned by some Disease: This is either a Disease caused by another Disease; or else the Cause of a Disease proceeding from ano­ther Disease; or else simply a Symptome: This last is either some Action of the Body hindred or disturb'd, some fault of the Excrement, or change of the natural Temper.
Synactica,
are Medicines that contract any part.
Synaitia,
see Continens causa.
Synanche,
is a sort of Squinancy, which quite stops the Breath; or a preternatural Inflamma­tion of the Muscles of the Jaws.
Synarthrosis,
is a joyning of Bones by a Grisle.
Synch [...]ndrosis,
is the joyning of Bones by a Grisle.
Synchysis,
is a preternatural Confusion of the Blood or Humors in the Eye.
Syncope,
is a sudden Prostration or Swouning with a very weak or no Pulse, and a Depravati­on of Sense and Motion.
Syncritica,
are relaxing Medicines.
Syndesmus,
see Ligamentum.
Syndrome,
is a Concurrence of several Symp­toms in the same Disease.
Synedreuonta,
are common Symptoms which accompany the Disease; and yet neither flow from the Nature of the Disease, nor are neces­sary Concomitants of it; but do notwithstand­ing signify the Greatness, Continuance, &c. of the Disease.
Synocha,
is a continued intermitting Fever; this lasts for many days with a great Heat, sometimes Putrefaction of the Blood: It is either quotidian, tertian, or quartan.
Synochos,
is a continued Fever without any In­termission or Abatement of the Heat, which continues for many days: This is either Simple, or accompanied with Putrefaction.
Syntasis,
is a preternatural Distention of the parts.
Synteretica,
is that part of Physick which gives Rules for the Preservation of Health.
Syntexis,
is a Consumption and Colliquation of the Body, in which first the Flesh is wasted, and afterward the Substance of the more solid parts.
Synthesis,
is either the Frame and Structure of the whole Body; or more strictly the Compo­sure of the Bones.
Synulotica,
see Cicatrisantia.
Syringa, a Syringe,
is an Instrument which is used in injecting Liquors into the Fundament, Womb, Ears, &c.
Syringomata,
are Chirurgions Knives which they open Fistula's with.
Syringotomia,
is the Incision of the Fistula.
Syringotomus,
the same.
Syrupus,
Syrup.
Sysarcosis,
is the connexion of Bones by Flesh.
Sysygia,
is the Natural Temper.
Systema,
the same that Synthesis.
Systole,
is the Contraction of the Ventricles of the Heart, whereby the Blood is forcibly driven into the great Artery.
T.
TAbella,
is a solid Medicine taken inwardly, made of Powder, and three or four times as much Sugar, dissolved in a convenient Li­quor, boiled to the Consistence of a Syrup, and made into little round Cakes upon a Marble-Stone.
Tabes,
see Atrophia.
Tabes dorsalis,
a Consumption in the spinal Marrow, most incident to Lechers, and fresh Bride-grooms; they are without a Fever, eat well, and melt or consume away: If you ask one in this Disease an account of himself, he will tell you, that there seem so many Pismires to fall from his Head down upon his spinal Marrow; when he eases Nature either by U­rine or Stool, there flows thin liquid Seed plentifully; nor can he generate, but when he sleeps, whether it be with his Wife or no; he has lascivious Dreams. When he goes or runs any way, but especially up à steep place, he grows weak and short breathed, his Head is heavy, and his Ears tingle: So in progress of Time being taken with violent Fevers; he dies of a Fever called Lipyria, wherein the external Parts are cold, and the internal burn at the same time.
Tabula,
see Tabella & Morsuli.
Tabum,
is a thin sort of Matter that comes from an ill Ulcer.
Tactus,
the Touch, is a Sense whereby the tactile Qualities of Bodies are offered to the common Sensory (and there perceived) by [Page 277]the different motion of Nerves diffused through the whole Body, the Skin being intermediate: Or Touch is the Sense of a thing touched, offered to the common Sensory by the Nerves, the Skin being intermediate, and there per­ceived.
Talpa,
is a Tumor, so called, because that as a Mole (in Latine Talpa) creeps under ground; so this feeds upon the Scull under the Skin: It may be referred to the Species of A­theromas; which see.
Talparia,
the same that Talpa.
Talus,
see Astragalus.
Taraxis,
is a Perturbation of the Humours of the Eye, the Stomach, or the Entrails.
Tarsus,
is a cartilaginous Extremity of the Eye-lids, whence the Hairs spring, called Cili­um. Also eight backward Bones of the Foot, ordered like Grates.
Tecmarsis,
is a Conjecture at Diseases.
Telephium,
is the same Ulcer with Chironia, which see; it is so called from Telephus, who was a long time troubled with this Disease.
Temperamentum, Temperament,
is a Quality that results from the Union and Mixture of Ele­ments: See Crasis.
Temperies,
see Crasis.
Tempus, the Temple,
is a lateral part of the Scull in the middle betwixt the Ears and Eyes, where Cephalick Plaisters are applied for the Tooth-ach, and Head-ach.
Tendo, a Tendon,
is a similar nervous part annexed to Muscles and Bones, whereby the voluntary Motion of the Members is chiefly [Page 278]performed: The generality of Chirurgeons scarce ever distinguish betwixt a Tendon and a Nerve.
Tenesmus, Tenasmus,
is a continual Desire of going to Stool, yet attended with an Inability of doing any thing, but bloody slimy Matter.
Tentigo,
see Priapismus.
Terebrum,
see Modiolus.
Teredum,
the same that Caries.
Teretrum,
see Modiolus.
Tergum,
see Dorsum.
Terminthus,
is a swelling in the Thighs with a black Pimple at the top, as big as the Fruit of the Turpentine-tree.
Terra mortua,
is the earthy part that remains after Elixivation, destitute of all active efficaci­ous Qualities.
Tertiana Febris intermittens, a Tertian Ague,
is an Effervescence of the Blood every third day, which with its various Symptoms, comes exactly at a set time. The Cause of it is Nitro-sulphu­reous Blood; and it is either a true Tertian or a spurious.
Testes Muliebres,
see Orchis.
Testes viriles,
Mens Testicles, consist of seve­ral small Vessels wherein the Seed is generated: It is covered on the out-side with several Tu­nicks.
Testes Cerebri,
are two backward Prominences of the Brain, called Testes, from the likeness they have to Testicles: They are bigger in Men than in Brutes.
Testudo Cerebri,
see Fornix.
Testudo,
is a soft, large Swelling, or not very hard, in the Head, broad, in form of an Arch or Tortoise, from which Resemblance it takes its Name. At the beginning it grows like a Chest-nut, afterwards like an Egg, wherein is contained a soft Matter clothed with a certain Tunick (whence some refer this sort of Tu­mour to Meliceres, which see) which sticks so close to the Scull, that many times it infects and corrupts it.
Tetanus,
is a constant Contraction, whereby a Limb grows rigid and inflexible. The Cause of it is, sometimes a Relaxation or Palsy in some other Muscles, which when they are relaxed, the opposite Muscles act too strongly, so that they draw the part wholly to themselves, which ought to consist as it were in an Aequilibrium betwixt both: Yet sometimes such a permanent Contraction may proceed, from the Tendons be­ing loaded and obstructed with serous Matter, which thereupon grow rigid and stiff: This Distemper is frequent in the Scurvies, that the Patient can extend neither Joint nor Limb: The Tendons in the Back are sometimes contracted into a round globular Form, which by reason of such an Afflux of Humours upon them, draw the Bones out of their due place, and cause an hun­ched Back, or a stooping and bending of it: It is usually distinguished into Ʋniversal, of which there are three sorts, Emprosthotonos, Opisthotonos, and Tetanos, properly so called; and Particular, which respects a certain Member, or a particular Joint.
Tetrapharmacum,
is a Medicine consisting of four Ingredients, as Ʋnguentum Basilicum.
Theorema,
see Theoria.
Theoretica,
see Theoria.
Theoria,
is the speculative part of Physick; whence Theorema, a Speculation, and Theoretica, those things which belong to the speculative part of Physick.
Therapeutica,
is that part of Physick which delivers the Method of Healing.
Theriaca,
Triacle, is a Medicine that expels Poyson.
Therioma,
is a wild cruel Ulcer, like Carcino­ma, which see.
Thermae,
are natural Baths.
Thermantica,
are healing Medicines.
Therminthus,
see Terminthus.
Thermomethron,
is natural Heat, which is per­ceived by the Pulses.
Thlipsis,
is a Compression of Vessels.
Thorax, or medius Venter, the Chest,
is all that Cavity which is circumscribed above by the Neck-bones, below by the Diaphragme, before by the Breast-bone, behind by the Back-bones, on the sides by the Ribs; it is of an Oval Figure, contains the Heart and Lungs, and is covered on the inside with a Membrane called Pleura. Hippocrates and Aristotle took all that space from the Neck-bone to the very Secrets, both the middle and lowermost Cavity, for the Thorax.
Thorexis,
is the drinking of a generous Wine, which warms the Breast.
Thrombus,
is the Coagulation of Blood or Milk into Clots or Clusters.
Thymiama,
see Suffitus.
Thymus,
is a Glandule in the Throat, which separates the watery Humour, called Lympha, from the Blood, and empties it by the Lympha­tick Vessels. It is also a fleshy Tumour that hangs upon the Body like a Wart, of a Colour like the Flower of Time, whence it has its Name.
Thyroarytaenoides,
is a pair of Muscles that pro­ceed from the Cartilage called Scutiformis, and extending themselves forward to the Sides of the Arytaenoides (the fourth and fifth part of the Larynx) serve to contract and close the opening of the Larynx.
Thyroidaeae Glandulae,
are two, of a viscous, solid, bloody Substance, wonderfully adorned with Vessels of all sorts, and hard Membranes, almost of the bigness and shape of an Hen's Egg, situ­ate about the lower seat of the Larynx, at the sides of the Cartilages of the Thorax, Cricoides, and some first rings of the Wind-Pipe, upon which Parts they immediately lye; yet so as they may be easily separated, unless where they stick something obstinately, about the beginning and the end; Nature has placed them in those parts, that they may warm them when cold, receive superfluous Moisture, and contribute to the Ornament of the Neck.
Thyroides,
is the Cartilage, called Scutiformis, of the Larynx: Also the Hole of the Os pubis.
Tibia, the Leg,
is the part betwixt the Knee and the Ancle. It consists of two Bones: One [Page 282]outward, called Focile minus; another Inward and larger, which has usurped the Name of the whole, and is called Tibia, Focile majus others call it, & Canna major. The upper end has a Process which is received by a Cavity in the Thigh, and two oblong Cavities to admit the Heads of the Thigh-bone, the Depth of which Cavities is encreased by a Cartilage that is an­nexed thereunto by Ligaments: This Cartilage is movable, soft, slippery, moistened with an unctuous Humour, thick in its Circumference, and smaller towards the Center, whence it is called Lunata, made like an Half-moon; there are rugged sharp Ligaments before, which En­crease the Lunary Cartilages. The fore part, which is acute and long, is called Spina: There is below a prominent and gibbous Process in the inner side, nigh the Foot, and is called Malleolus externus; one of the Ankle-bones.
Tinctura, a Tincture, or Elixir,
is the Ex­traction of the Colour, Quality, and Strength of any thing.
Tinea,
if running Sores in the Head full of little Holes, called Achores, continue long, or be too slowly or ill cured, they grow into Tine­as, crusty stinking Ulcers of the Head, which gnaw and consume its Skin; therefore it is de­servedly reckoned amongst the Diseases of Chil­dren, but when they are a little grown; for tho Adult Persons are sometimes troubled with this Disease, yet they contracted the Rudiments and Seeds of it in their Infancy. It is called Tinea, which signifies a Moth, from those little Worms which eat and consume Clothes; be­cause [Page 283]those Ulcers prey upon the Skin of the Head, as those Animals upon Clothes. What the Greeks called this Distemper is not so obvi­ous.
Tinnitus Aurium,
is a certain Buzzing or ting­ling in the Ears, proceeding from Obstruction, or something that irritates the Ear, whereby the Air that is shut up is continually moved by the beating of the Arteries, and the Drum of the Ear is lightly verberated, whence arises a Buzzing and Noise.
Tometica,
the same that Attenuantia.
Tomotocia,
the same that Hysterotomia.
Tonica,
are those things which being exter­nally applied to and rubb'd into the Limbs, strengthen the Nerves and Tendons.
Tonotica,
the same that Tonica.
Tonicus,
the same that Tetanus.
Tonsillae,
see Paristhmia.
Tophus,
is a stony Concretion in any part.
Topica,
are Medicines applied outwardly, as a Plaister, Cataplasm, &c.
Topinaria,
the same that Talpa.
Torcular Herophili,
is that place where the four Cavities of the thick Skin of the Brain are joyned.
Tormina alvi,
the same that Colica Passio.
Toxica,
are poysonous Medicaments, where­with Barbarians use to anoint their Arrows.
Trachea,
the same that aspera Arteria.
Trachoma,
is a Scab, or Asperity of the inner part of the Eye-lid.
Trageae,
differ not from Powders, but that the Ingredients whereof they are prepared, are [Page 284]not beat so small: And they are applied exter­nally to the Body, either put to or resolved into Smoak, or they are put into a Linnen Bag, and then into Wine or other Liquor, that they may communicate their Strength and Qualities to it. Yet sometimes they are compounded of some sort of Antidotes, or Counter-poisons, and other odoriferous things, and of simple Medicines re­duced into a Powder, with an Addition of Sugar. In the making these, they commonly take one Ounce of Sugar to every Dram of Ingredient, especially those which are bitter and unpleasant.
Tragema,
the same that Tragaea.
Tragus,
is the extream Brim of the Ear.
Traulus and Traulotes,
is a Stammering, or fault in pronouncing the Letters L and R.
Trauma,
see Troma.
Traumatica,
are those things, which be­ing taken in Decoctions and Potions, fetch the serous and sharp Humours out of the Body, and so attenuate the Blood, that it may be conve­niently driven to the wounded, broken, or brui­sed parts.
Tremor,
see Tromos.
Trepanum,
the same that Modiolus.
Triangulare ossiculum, the triangular little Bone,
is that which is placed betwixt the Suture called Lambdoides, and another called Sagittalis; which they say conduces too to the Falling-Sickness.
Trichiasis,
the same that Phalangosis: Also hairy Urine, such as by reason of pituitous Hu­mours Hairs seem to swim in.
Tricongius,
is a Measure that contains eighteen Sextaries, a Sextary being about a Pint and an half.
Triens,
is the Third part of a physical Pound, containing three Ounces.
Tripsis,
is Contrition, or Contusion.
Trismus,
is the grinding of the Teeth, or a Convulsion of a Muscle of the Temples, whereby the Teeth gnash whether one will or no.
Tritaeophyes,
is an Ague that comes every Third day.
Tritaeus,
the same that Febris Tertiana inter­mittens.
Trituratio,
is a Pounding, whereby Medicines are reduced to Powder, that they may be the better mixed.
Trochanter,
the same that Rotator.
Trochisci, Trochies,
are round marked things made of Pouders, mixed with viscous Extracts and made up into Paste, and then into round little Bodies, which are to be dried up in the Shade: They are called also Pastilli.
Trochlea,
the same that Bathmis.
Trochlearis,
is the upper, or greater oblique Muscle of the Eye.
Troma,
is a Wound from an external Cause.
Trombosis,
is a Coagulation of Milk or Blood in Human Bodies.
Tromos,
is a Trembling, or a Depravation of the voluntary Motion of Members.
Trysmus,
see Trismus.
Tubae Fallopianae,
are two slender Passages, pro­ceeding from the Womb, which when they are a little removed from it, grow gradually wider; [Page 286]they have large Holes or Orifices, which almost lye shut, the extream Edges falling flat; yet if they be diligently opened and dilated, they re­present the extream Orifice of a brazen Pipe. Their Use is to receive the Eggs from the Te­sticles and carry them into the Womb, according to the excellent R. de Graaf. the Truth where­of is evident from the Inspection of Rabits dissected.
Tubercula,
the same that Phymata.
Tulus,
the same that Callus.
Tumor, Swelling,
is when the parts of humane Bodies are enlarged and extended beyond their due Proportion, so that they cannot perform their Operations.
Tunica,
the same that Membrana.
Tunica retiformis,
see Retina and Amphibles­troides.
Turunda,
the same that Turundula.
Turundula,
signifies a Tent put into Wounds or Ulcers.
Tussis, a Cough,
is a vehement Efflation of the Breast, whereby that which is offensive to the Organs of Breathing is expelled by the Force of the Air.
Tympanias,
the same that Tympanites.
Tympanites, Tympanias, Aqua intercus sicca, a Tympany,
is a fixed, constant, equable, hard, resisting Tumour of the Abdomen, which, being beat, sounds: It proceeds from a stretching In­flaation of the parts, and of the membrana­ceous Bowels, whose Fibres are too much swoln with Animal Spirits, and hindred from receed­ing by the nervous Juice which obstructs the [Page 287]Passage; to which Distemper there is conse­quently added, as the Complement of all, an a­bundance of flatulent Matter in the places that are empty.
Tympanum, the Drum of the Ear,
is a small, thin, orbicular, transparent Membrane, stretched over the Cavity of the inner part of the Ear, which contains the natural congenite Air: Its Use is Hearing. There is also a Cavity in the Ear, called Concha.
Typhodes,
is a symptomatical, continued, burn­ing Fever; as if it were from the Inflammation of the Bowels.
Typhomania,
is a Delirium with a Phrensy, and a Lethargy.
Typhonia,
the same.
Typus, or Periodus and Circuitus,
is an Order of Fevers, consisting of Intension and Remissi­on, or encreasing and decreasing.
Tyria,
the fame that Ophiasis.
Tyroides,
see Thyroides.
Tyrosis,
is when Milk which is eaten curdles into a Substance like Cheese.
V.
VAcuatio,
see Evacuatio.
Vacui dies,
are those Days wherein an im­perfect and ill Crisis frequently happens; and those are 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18. to which some add, 22, 23, 25, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 39. these are called medicinal Days, because Medi­cines may be given on them.
Vagina uteri,
it is called also Matrix, Ʋteri Osti­um, Ʋteri Cervix, is that Passage in which a Man's Yard is sheathed as it were in Coition; it is placed in the Hypogastrium, and is of an ob­long Figure, and of different Magnitude accor­ding to the Age of the Woman, and her Use of Men; its upper part is as thick as the breadth of a Straw, but the lower twice or thrice as thick again: it is about as broad as the Gut Rectum, nervous and wrinkled within: It is perforated with a great many little Pores, especially in the lower part, about the end of the urinary Passage.
Vaginalis tunica,
see Elythroides.
Valetudo,
is either a good or ill Disposition of the Parts of the Body.
Valvulae,
are little thin Membranes in Vessels or Fibres, like Folding-doors as it were; they have received different Names, according to the Diversity of their Figuration, as Sigmoides, like the Letter Sigma, Semilunares, like an Hals­moon, &c. They are found in Veins, Arteries, Lymphatick and Lacteal Vessels, and in muscu­lous Fibres, which were first discovered by our [Page 289]Curiosity, and of which we have discoursed in a particular Tract: The Use of them is to hin­der the Blood and other Liquors, from return­ing the same way they came.
Valvulae, Valves,
are also found in the Inte­stines, in the small and great Guts, especially in the Jejunum, and about the beginning of the Ileum, which are called Semi-circular from their Figure. These Valves or Folds grow more and more oblique by little and little the nearer you come to the Ileum, and at the beginning of the Ileum they are less oblique than farther on. In like manner near the end of the Jejunum, they are gradually more and more distant from one another; and so in the Ileum too. At the be­ginning and in the middle of the Jejunum, they are scarce distant half a Thumbs breadth; in the Ileum a whole Thumbs breadth and more. They yield a little if thrust with your Finger, and move here and there: At the beginning of the Colon there is a fleshy and circular Valve, besides several others in that Gut. The Use of them is to stop the Meat a little, that it may be the better fermented, the Chyle distributed, the adjacent Parts be cherished with Heat, and lastly, that it ascends not again.
Vaporarium,
is when the Patient does not sit in Liquor, but receives Vapours through an Hole, under which there is placed a Pot full of appo­site and boyling hot Ingredients, which cooling, fresh Matter is added.
Varicosum corpus,
is that Contexture of Sper­matick Vessels which enters the Testicles.
Variolae,
the small Pox, consists in a contagi­ous Disorder of the Blood, contracted from the Air, or otherwise; accompanied with a conti­nued wandring Fever, which sometimes in­creases, sometimes decreases, with a Pain in the Head and Loins, Anixety and Inquietude, and with a breaking forth of Pimples or Wheals, which swell and suppurate. The famous Willis attributes the Cause of this Distemper to some filthy and fermentative Matter, which is com­municated to the Faetus, together with the Nourishment, from the Womb; but how this can hold in Adult Persons, whose Blood has undergone so many Alterations, I could never yet understand from his Writings. It seems ra­ther to consist in a depraved Temperature of Air, with a peculiar Disposition of the Blood and the nervous Juice towards this Distemper. This poysonous Quality of the Air first infects the nervous Juice (whence proceeds the Pain of the Head and Loins) wherewith the Blood boils and ferments, and parts into little Pieces or Clots, which in the Course of Circulation stick to the outward Parts, and to the inner Vis­cera too; after a while they grow ripe and sup­purate.
Varix,
see Cirsos.
Varus,
see Jonthus.
Vas breve,
see Breve vas.
Vasa, the Vessels,
are Cavities through which the Liquors of the Body pass, as a Vein, an Ar­tery, lymphatick Vessels, the Ductus that con­veys the Chyle, and those of the Spittle.
Vasa lactea,
the Milky Vessels, in the Mesen­tery, they which reach from the Guts, especi­ally the small Guts, to the Glandules in the Me­sentery, are said to be of the First sort; and they which reach from those Glandules to the Bag that carries the Chyle, are of the Second sort. Their Use is to convey the Chyle from the Guts to the little Bag that holds the Chyle, and thence to the Ductus, which conveys it along the Tho­rax. Asellius was the first who discovered them, and the dextrous F. Ruischius afterwards disco­vered Valves in them.
Vasa Lymphatica,
see Venae Lymphaticae.
Vena, a Vein,
the Species of them are the Ve­na cava, the Vena portae, the lymphatick and milky Veins. Arteries are sometimes taken for Veins. They consist of four Tunicks, a nervous, a glandulous, a muscular, and a membranaceous one. The Branches of the Vena cava above the Heart, are called Jugular Veins, which go to­wards the Head; they which go towards the Arms, are called Axillary; that about the Heart Coronary; in the Lungs Pulmonary; in the Liver Hepatick, or Liver-Vein; in the Diaphragme Phrenica; in the Thighs Crural; in the Reins E­mulgent; and so from its various Ramificati­on, it is variously denominated.
Vena portae,
is only in the Abdomen, and extends its Roots to the Liver, Spleen, Ventricle, Me­sentery, Intestines, Pancreas, Cawl, &c. The Office of the Vena cava and portae, is, to convey the Blood that is more than what seryes for Nourishment, to the Liver, or Heart, or Lungs.
Venae Lymphaticae,
the Lymphatick Veins, re­ceive the Lympha from the conglobated Glan­dules, and discharge themselves either into the Sanguinary Veins, or into the Receptacle of the Chyle.
Venae lacteae,
see Vasa lactea.
Venae sectio,
is the Opening of a Vein, which is either for Evacuation, or to derive the Blood to another part, &c. In Bleeding respect must always be had to the Strength of the Person. There never ought to be taken away above a Pound; but the better way is, to take away first six or eight Ounces, and if Occasion require, to repeat the Operation. A Vein is to be cut ac­cording to the length of the Fibres, and not A­cross or Traverse.
Veneris OEstrum,
the same that Clitoris.
Venter infimus,
see Hypogastrium.
Ventosa,
see Cucurbitula.
Ventres,
see Cavitates.
Ventriculus,
the Stomach, is a membranous Bowel in the Abdomen, under the Diaphragme, betwixt the Liver and the Spleen, consisting of four Tunicks; a nervous, fibrous, glandulous, and membranous one: It has two Orifices, one on the Right-hand, called Pylorus or Janitor, whereat the Meat is sent out into the Guts; another on the Left-hand, at which the Meat enters: Its Office is to concoct or ferment the Meat; it is called also Stomachus and Aqua­liculus.
Ventriculi cerebri,
the Ventricles of the Brain, are four; the Use of them is to receive the se­rous Humours, and to bring them by the Pelvis [Page 293]to the Pituitary Glandule; or into the Processus mammillares by the Os cribriforme to the No­strils. They are nothing but Complications of the Brain, which happened there as 'twere by accident.
Ventriculi cordis,
the Ventricles of the Heart, are two; the first or Right Ventricle receives the Blood from the Vena cava, and sends it to the Lungs; the Left receives the Blood from the Lungs, and sends it through the whole Body by the Arteria Aorta: In the Systole or Con­traction of the Ventricles the Blood is sent out: In the Diastole or Dilatation it is let into the Heart: Yet others explain it on the contrary, because they understand not Greek.
Vermes,
see Lumbrici.
Vermiformis processus,
is the Prominence of the Cerebellum, so called from its shape.
Vertebra,
see Spondylus.
Vertigo,
see Scotomia.
Verrucae, Warts,
are a sort of Tubercula; they are called also Porri, because if you look into the tops of them, they seem to resemble the Capillaments, or little Threds of Onyons: They are an hard, high, callous, little Tubercu­lum, or Swelling, which break out of the Skin, and breed in any part of the Body.
Vertex,
the Crown of the Head, is the gib­bous middle part of the fore and back part of the Head.
Vesica, the Bladder,
is an hollow membra­naceous Part, wherein any Liquor that is to be excerned, is contained; as the Bladder that contains the Urine, the Gall, the Seed.
Vesica, destillatoria,
is a Brazen or Copper Vessel, which contains any thing that is to be destilled.
Vesicatoria,
are Medicines which act upon and rarify the Spirits and serous Particles, gather them betwixt the Skin and Cuticula, the thin fine Skin, and consequently separate them, and raise little Bladers full of serous Matter.
Vesicula fellis,
see Folliculus fellis.
Vespertilionum alae, Bats Wings,
are two broad membranous Ligaments, on each side one, where­with the bottom of the Womb is loosely tied to the Bones of the Flank. Aretaeus likens them to Bats-wings.
Veternus,
see Lethargus.
Vibex,
see Enchymoma.
Victus ratio,
is a way Living, whereby Health is preserved, and Diseases repelled by things convenient: It consists in the Use of things called non Naturales, not natural (which see in their place;) and it is in Diseases threefold, thick, moderate, thin; the thin is again ei­ther simply thin, more thin, or the thinnest of all.
Vigilia, Waking,
is an Agitation and Expan­sion of animal Spirits in the Pores of the Brain, whereby the Motions of Objects are easily re­presented to the common Sensory by the ex­ternal Organs; which Spirits if they be too much expanded and agitated, they cause an obstinate long Wakening.
Vigor Morbi,
see Acme.
Vinum Cos,
is a Wine of good Colour, Smell, and Taste.
Vinum Hypocraticum,
is a Wine wherein Sugar and Spices have been infused, and is afterwards strained through a Bag, which they call Manica Hypocratis, which see.
Vinum Medicatum,
is a Wine wherein Medi­cines have been infused for the use of sick People.
Virga,
see Penis.
Virginale claustrum,
see Hymen.
Viscera,
are Organs contained in the three great Cavities of the Body: They are called al­so Exta and Interranea.
Visus, Sight,
is a Sence whereby Light and Colours, are perceived from the Motion of subtile Matter upon the Tunica retina of the Eye.
Vitalis facultas,
the Vital Faculty, is an Action whereby a Man lives, which is performed, whe­ther we design it or no; such are the Moti­ons of the Heart, Respiration, Nutrition, &c. It depends chiefly upon the Cerebellum. It is the same with Natural Faculty, tho the Ancients di­stinguished them, placing the Natural in the Liver, and the vital in the Heart.
Vitalis Indicatio,
is a way whereby Strength and Vigor are continually renewed and pre­served.
Vitiligo,
a sort of Leprosy; there are Three kinds of them. Alphus where the Colour is white, something rough, and not continued, like so many Drops here and there; but sometimes it spreads broader, and with some Intermissions. Melas differs in Colour, because it is black, and like a Shade; in the rest they agree. Leuce has [Page 296]something like Alphus, but it is whiter, and descends deeper, and in it the Hairs are white, and like Down: All these spread, but in some quicker, in others slower.
Vitreus Humor,
see Humores Oculi.
Ʋlceratio,
see Exulceratio.
Ʋlcus, an Uucer,
is a Solution of the Continu­um, proceeding from a consuming Matter, in the soft parts of the Body, and attended with a Di­minution of Magnitude.
Ʋlna, or Focile majus,
is the greater Bone be­twixt the Arm and the Wrist, which is jointed upward with the Shoulder by Ginglimus (which see,) and therefore it has there both Processes and Cavities: Two oblong Processes, and as it were triangular, and rugged, that the Liga­ments may knit it strongly. The fore-most and upper-most is less, and goes into the Cavity of the Shoulder: The backward Process is thicker and larger, ends in an obtuse Angle, and enters the hinder Cavity of the Shoulder; the Latines call it Gibberus: In the middle of these there's a great Cavity like a Semicircle. It has yet another external lateral Cavity for the Head of the Radius, or lesser Bone of the Cubit; it is joynted at the lower end with the Wrist, both by a Cartilage in the middle, and by an acute Process, and therefore called Styloides (or like a sharp-pointed Pen used in Writing-Tables) whence there arises a Liga­ment, which fastens the Cubit and the Joynt of the Wrist together.
Ʋlomelia,
is a Soundness of the whole Body.
Ʋmbilicus, the Navel,
is a Boss in the middle of the Abdomen, to which the Navel-string in a Faetus is joined, which is cut off after Deli­very.
Ʋncia, an Ounce,
is the Twelfth part of a Physicians Pound, containing eight Drams.
Ʋndimia,
the same that Oedema.
Ʋnguentum, an Ointment,
is a Medicine out­wardly applied, of a Consistence something thicker than a Linimentum: It is called also Ʋnguen.
Ʋnguis, a Nail,
is a similar, flexible, white, and hard part, which defends the Fingers from external Injuries, and in some measure adorns them. The root of it is joined to a certain Liga­ment, and by reason of the neighbouring Ten­dons it becomes sensible: They seem to be made of a Collection of very little Pipes, which adhere extreamly thick to one onother, and shoot out into length. Where they begin, there you find certain nervous Fibres like so many small Nipples lengthened, the lengthened parts whereof are seen as far as the Nail: If they be forcibly torn off, they leave divers Holes, so that the Horney Substance of the Nails looks like a Net. Under the Nails there is a pappy sort of Body, which has its Vessels of Excretion. The Apices, or tops of the Nails, are they which grow beyond the Flesh; the Parts which are cut, are called the Segmina, the parings of the Nails, the parts under the Nails, are the [...], the hidden parts; the White semilunar part next the Root, is the Rise of the Nail; the very beginnings that grow into the Skin, are called [Page 298]the Roots of the Nails; the Sides, the Clefts; the white Spots, Nubecula, little Clouds, &c.
Ʋngula,
is a sort of hooked Instrument to draw a dead Faetus out of the Womb.
Ʋngula Oculi,
the same that Pterygium.
Vola,
is the Palm of the Hand; also the Cavi­ty of the Foot.
Volatica,
the same that Lichen.
Volsella, or Vulsella,
is an Instrument to pull up Hairs with by the Root, Tweezers: Or a Chyrurgions little Tongs, which are of dif­ferent shape according to the Diversity of their Use.
Volvulus,
see Ileon and Chordapsus.
Vomica,
is a fault in the Lungs, from Heteroge­neous Blood, which being lodged perhaps in one of the little Bladdery Cells there, occasi­ons neither a Fever nor a Cough; but after­ward when it is encreased, it oppresses the neighbouring Sanguiferous Vessels, and impreg­nates the Blood as it passes along with its Efflu­viums; whereupon there succeeds a small Fever, accompanied with Inquietude and Leanness; at last when it is full grown and concocted into Matter, it makes a Nest as it were and lodges there.
Vomitorium,
is a Medicine taken inwardly, made of Emeticks, or things that provoke Vo­miting, infused, dissolved, or decocted.
Vomitus, a Vomiting,
is a violent and inverse Motion of the Ventricle, wherein its fleshy Fi­bres being irritated, and contracted towards the left Orifice, send out at the Mouth whatso­ever is contained in the Stomach.
Ʋrachus
is the urinary Passage in Faetus's, reaching from the Bladder to the Membrane called Allanitodes; which after the Faetus is born becomes like a Ligament, and is that which suspends the Bladder; it is joyned with the Navel and the bottom of the Bladder.
Ʋranismus,
the same that Palatum.
Ʋrentia,
see Pyrotica.
Ʋreter,
is a fistulous membranaceous Vessel, which proceeds from both Reins, and opens be­tween the Membranes of the Bladder, by which the Urine passes from the Reins to the Bladder: Celsus calls it the White Vein.
Ʋrethra, or Fistula,
is the urinary Passage, whereby the Urine is discharged at the Yard in Man, and in like manner in Women: It serves also for the Ejection of Seed. The seminal little Bladders, empty themselves into it by two Holes at the beginning of it, when there is oc­casion; which Bladders or Vessels are surround­ed with glandulous Prostates, perforated with several Holes; to which there is a little peice of Flesh affixed.
Ʋrinaria Fistula,
the same that Ʋrethra.
Ʋretica,
the same that Diuretica.
Ʋrina,
see Ʋron.
Ʋrocrisis,
the same that Ʋrocritica.
Ʋrocriterium,
is a Judgment upon Urine.
Ʋrocritica,
are Signs which are observed from Urines.
Ʋromantia,
see Ʋrocriterium.
Ʋromantis,
is one who can divine something from Urines.
Ʋron, Ʋrina, Lotium,
is a serous Excrement conveyed from the Blood, that passes the Reins by the Ureters to the Bladder, and so is excern­ed when occasion requires: It consists of much Salt, a little Sulphur, of Earth and Spirit.
Ʋroscopia,
is the Inspection of Urine.
Ʋteri osculum,
see Osculum uteri.
Ʋteri Procidentia,
see Procidentia uteri.
Ʋsnea,
is Moss which grows upon Bones or Trees.
Ʋterus, the Womb,
is an organical part pla­ced in a Woman's Abdomen, which is divided into the Bottom, the Neck, and the Sheath: It has two broad Ligaments, and two round: It is of a nervous and fibrous Substance; and is of different Thickness according to the difference of Age, and time of going with Child. At the bottom within, there is a Cavity whence the Courses flow, wherein likewise Generation and Conception are made: Before it is the Bladder; behind it is the Gut Rectum.
Vulneraria,
see Traumatica.
Vulnas a Wound,
is a Solution of the Conti­nuumu with some external Instrument. It is different, as well according to the place or part whence it is inflicted, as upon a Nerve, or the Flesh, as according to the Instrument which inflicts it; so that if it be done by a sharp keen Instrument, it is called Sectio & Incisio, cutting or Incision; if by pricking, 'tis called Punctura or Punctio.
Vulsella,
see Volsella.
Vulva,
is a Woman's secret Parts: See Gun­nus.
Ʋvula,
see Cion.
Ʋvea Membrana, or Choroides,
is almost all­together Continuous on the inside to the Tunica Scelerotis; it is perforated in the fore part, and leaves a space for the Apple of the Eye, which may be contracted or dilated.
X.
XErophthalmia,
is a dry Bleardness or Blood­shot of the Eyes.
Xerotes,
is a dry Disposition of Body.
Xiphoides,
is the pointed Cartilage of the Breast.
Xyster,
is an Instrument to shave and scrape Bones with.
Z.
ZErna,
the same that Lichen.
Zirbus with the Arabians,
is the same that Omentum the Cawl.
Zone,
is that part of the Body where we are begirt; also a sort of Herpes called Holy-fire.
Zoogonia,
is a Generation of perfect Animals born alive.
Zootomia,
is an artificial Dissection of Ani­mals.
Zotica,
is the vital Faculty.
Zygoma,
is the jugal Bone about the Tem­ples.
Zymoma,
is a Ferment, as the nitrous Air, the Watery Juice in the Mouth, the acide Liquor in the Stomach, the Blood in the Spleen, &c.
Zymosis,
see Fermentatio.
The END.

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