A Brief ANSWER To Six Syllogistical ARGUMENTS.
IT is a Proverb as true as antient, That the Tale of one side may seem good, till the Truth of the other side appear. But it is but reason in a man to forbear his Censure, until he seriously have considered the Pleas that both produce. For according to that of the Tragoedian of old:
Now for the better information of the Reader, I shall insert the Arguments of Mr. Clark at large, and then respond to them; that thereby he may understand the occasion and nature of the Difference, and the Reasons thereof the readier.
- 1 Argum. That which the Word of God condemns as a grand Offence, is not to be practised, countenanced or tolerated.
- But Divining by the Stars is condemned by Gods Word.
- Ergo.
Answ. I answer, by denying the Minor: My Reason hereof, is, (by adding a Negative to the Assumption) Divining by the Stars is not condemned by Gods word.
- If Divining by the Stars (to use the Phrase of our Antagonist) were condemned by Gods Word, we should find it therein condemned.
- But therein it is not to be found condemned.
- Ergo, it is not condemned by it at all.
That it is not condemned by it all, will most clearly appear, upon the Examination of the Catalogue of Scriptures Mr. Clark citeth in favour of his Minor Proposition, viz.
1. He urgeth Deut. 18.10, 11. But in this Text is not Astrology so much as once concerned; as the learned Adye hath largely and learnedly proved, in his Candle in the dark; a Book of singular worth, and worthy the perusal of all sorts of persons. Suppose some persons out of their hatred to Astrologers and Astrologie, have turned Megnonen, (the Hebrew word there used) Planetarius; yet persons thereby signifi'd are not such that lawfully study or use the Science of Astrologie, but such as abuse it. And were I now disposed, it were an easie matter to bring Mr. Cl. within the compass of the word in that Text; yet he would be very loath to be termed a Planetarian; although he hath abused Astrologie and Astrologers, not a little.
But, Abusus non tollit usum. The abuse of a thing doth not abrogate or impeach the lawful use thereof.
If some persons under pretence of Divining by the Stars, abuse not onely themselves, but others, shall the honest and laudable use thereof be therefore rejected? If an impudent ignorant fellow shall profanely pretend to Pulpit it, and boast a gift therein above Mr. Cl. would Mr. Cl. (I wonder) judge me reasonable, if I thereby should take occasion to blast the credit of (what my Soul rejoyces in) Divinity? If Mr. Cl. prove his Argument no better by his other Texts in the Catologue, then he hath by this, we shall easily conclude him incapable of doing it at all.
To trip at the Threshold, is (by old Sawes) pronounced to be a bad signe, and to bode but small good. Principiis omen inesse—solet. Beginnings are deemed ominous. Isidore affirms, Pel. l. 2. Epist. [Page 87]229. [...]. (i.) He that in the beginning swerveth from the truth, will in his proceedings, roll further from it, and end at last with some shameful Catastrophe or other. Mr. Cl. therefore failing thus in the first Scripture he citeth, presages or predicts (though he be no Astrologer) how much of substantial proof we may expect to find in the rest, that he musters up for his purpose.
The second Text he hits at the poor Astrologers head, is Lev. 20.6. which (in truth) favours him no more then the former, unless he can prove an Astrologer and a Witch to be all one. The Word in the Text (which he most insisteth on) is Ariolos, which implies the imposturisme of an hollow feigned voice (and not any thing of Astrolgie, as Mr. Clark would bear the world in hand) that Witches and Deceivers used in their Oracling Divinations, by harring in their Throats. Vide Adyes Candle, &c. pag. 77. and Plut. de Def. Orac. I hope Mr. Cl. will not say, That any man practising Astrology, Quatenus an Astrologer, useth [Page 88]any such practice: the which unless he do, this Scripture favoureth him no more then the first he brought.
The third-Text he cites is Isa. 2.6. But this no more proveth the truth of his Argument, then the worth of the Turks Alcoran. I admit that he findes Praestigiatores in the Text, which he corruptly translates Soothsayers; forgetting (the mean while) that the word properly interpreted, signifies Juglers, viz. such as deceive by cunning or sleight of hand. But doth not Mr. C. adde rather to the honour of Astrologers, then any way de-detract therefrom, when he stiles them Soothsayers? or doth he believe that Soothsaying imports any other thing then the speaking of truth? You see here how officious M. C. is, to make that speak against Astrologers, which hath neither tongue, nor will, to do so.
The fourth Text is, Isa. 47.13, 14. where, in the Original, that, which Mr. Cl. turns Astrologers, is, Viewers of the Heavens. But we know, that there are others that view the Heavens beside Astrologers, viz. Astronomers, Navigators, Natural Philosophers, Shepherds, &c. But there is in this Text another Bug-bear, that affrights Mr. Clark, viz. Monthly Prognosticators. The Hebrew saith,—That give knowledge concerning the Months. But I would demand of Mr. Cl. whether it be unlawful to make a Prognostication, to set down therein, according to the common course of Nature, what is most considerable in the whole yeer? It is clearly evident by this Text, that the Prophet blameth not those that view the Heavens, or study the Stars, and thence give knowledge concerning the months; but reprehended such as were abusers of these Studies, & those that used to exalt the Stars, &c. above, or at least endeavoured to make them equal Causes with Him, whom Divines call Causa Causarum, (and all good Christians acknowledge Him so to be) the Cause of all Causes, even GOD [Page 90]Himself. But I have before shewed, that the abuse of a thing is no good Argument to abrogate the use thereof. Is it good or reasonable to say, That the profession of Physick is unlawful, because some Quacks, by an impudent practising it, do abuse and dishonour that commendable Science?
His fifth Text in Order, for the support of this halting Minor, is, Jer. 10.2. But the learned Dr. Mayer, in his Commentary upon that Text, professeth that Astrologie or Astrologers are not so much as once meant by the Prophet. It had been therefore requisite for Mr. Cl. to have refuted that learned Divine, before he had obtruded his own Gloss thereon, upon the world, for currant and authentick. But lest Mr. Cl. should cavil at Dr. Mayers authority (being but a single Person) I shall instance to him in some others, who seal the same Opinion with this learned Doctor, viz. St. Hierom, Lyra, &c. as is at large to be seen by their Commentaries on the place it self: and for further satisfaction of such as have not the opportunity of reading such Volumes, I refer them to the [Page 91]excellent Work of that incomparably learned Knight, Sir Christopher Heydon, viz. His Defence of Astrologie, fol. 25, 26.
The sixth Text he brings to keep his Minor from falling, is, Isa. 44.25. which friends it no more then any of the other five. For unless Mr. Cl. can prove, that true Astrologie hath in it any lying Tokens, that any lying Tokens are grounds in the said Art or Science, it serves his purpose no more then if he had brought in the room of it, that Text in Eccl. 22.12. Seven dayes do men mourn for him that is dead; but the Lamentation for the fool and ungodly should endure all the days of their life. It was a saying of Antiphilus, — [...], That Confidence was a good Sea-Captain. I am sure 'tis an ill Logician in Mr. Cl. unless he had more probable truth on his side.
The seventh Scripture-Text Mr. C. undersets his Minor with, is, Dan. 2.2. which is of the same stamp for his purpose, with all the rest before cited. For the Hebrew word, which is there rendered Astrologers, (if we may credit the [Page 92]learned Shindler) signifies a Philosopher, an Astronomer and Physitian. Rabbi Abraham (as saith the learned Mr. Reeve) expounds it so likewise. And Avenarius observeth, that [...], wise, agreeth to the same. Now then if to be a Philosopher, &c. be an evil, Mr. Cl. may make the more of this Text: but surely he cannot be so weak as to offer at such a monstrous conclusion.
The eighth and last Text he hales in, to the assistance of his Position, is Act. 19.18, 19, 20. which Scripture is as little beholding to him as any of the rest, for their being brought to so little purpose. If Mr. Cl. cannot prove, that among the curious Arts there mentioned, —True Astrologie was one (and that I am sure he will never be able to do) then is his citing of this text vain and frivolous.
Thus you see the Mountain of Scripture-proofs (which he had mustered up in a catologue, presuming Astrology therein to be condemned) vanished in a moment: and Divining by the Stars, we have plainly shewn, is not condemned by Gods word, (which his Minor Proposition [Page 93]insinuates) neither is it in it self unlawful, notwithstanding all the pains he hath taken to prove it so.
If this will not yet put him out of doubt, let him but peruse the Church-Bible, printed Ann. 1540. where he may see (if he be not blinded with partiality and prejudice) that there is not any the least mention made of either the words Astrologer or Astrologie; so far was the Holy Ghost from condemning either! nay, the very words rendered Astrologers, and Astrologie, are in sundry other Translations otherwise interpreted. And so I pass from M. Clark's first Argument. I shall be briefer in the rest, having answered his Scriptures here already.
- 2 Argum. That Art whereby men assume to themselves what is peculiar unto God, must needs be sinful, neither to be practised, countenanced nor tolerated.
- But this is done by such as take upon them to Divine of Events to Persons and Nations by the Stars.
- Therefore.
Resp. I respond, by denying the Minor.
- For, those that predict from the Stars, as remote and second Causes, intermeddle not with Gods Peculiar.
- But Astrologers do so, and Astrologie teacheth them not otherwise.
- Therefore.
The Major needs no proof, as carrying so full a Demonstration of Truth in the face of it. The Minor is sufficiently proved by the writings of all Astrologers: but in particular, I shall refer you to the learned Sir Christopher Heydon, fol. 400. He (saith this learned Knight) which seeketh God in his Glory, shall be oppressed with his Majesty. There is nothing past or to come, with him, but all things are present unto him, as they depend upon his divine fore-ordinance, and prescience of all things that happen in the world, out of their causes. But as it hath pleased him to govern the ordinary course of Nature, by His SECOND CAUSES, and in THEM to reveal what he hath from Eternity appointed to effect by them; to know this, is not to enter into his secret [Page 95]Judgement, (or peculiar) but more effectually to judge, admire and contemplate the incomprehensible providence of the Almighty; that hath thus coupled the Order of Causes with his own most free and Omnipotent Will, &c. 2. Take the Authority of Hermes, who in the beginning of his Centiloqui, affirms,—Sol & Luna, post Deum, Omnium viventium vita sunt. That the Sun and Moon, next unto GOD, are the Life of all Things living. Thus you see that Astrologers meddle not with Gods secrets; nor with the Luminaries or Stars at all, but by giving place to the Majesty of the Almighty God in the first, and then they consider their Natural significations as second Causes, as they are endued with Energie from God.
- 3 Argum. That which draws the heart from God the Father, and Christ the Son, from considering the Works of the One, and heeding the Words of the Other, is an Evil not to be peactised, countenanced or tolerated.
- But Astrological Predictions draw from God and Christ.
- Therefore, &c.
Answ. I answer, —
Astrological Predictions are so far from drawing from God and Christ, that they adde very much to the honour of Both: The Heavens declare the Glory of God, (saith Holy David) Psal. 19.1. The invisible power of the Deity is clearly seen by the things that are made, saith the holy Apostle, Rom. 1.20. The Learned Ptolomy in the beginning of his Almagest, affirms—Hanc unam Scientiam esse viam ac semitam, ad sciendum Deum Altissimum. This one Science is the onely Way, and Path, to know the most HIGH GOD.
Whence I argue:
If Astrologie leads to the knowledge of the most High God, or declares the power of the Deity, it certainly cannot be thought (by any but Mr. Cl.) to draw from GOD and Christ.
That Astrologie doth so, is conspicuously proved, both by the Prophet, Apostle, and Ptolomy.
The learned Mr. Caryl, is so far from branding Astrologie for drawing from God or Christ, that in Vol. 3. fol. 221. he avers, It is our Duty to study the Heavens, and to be acquainted with the Stars. I will leave Mr. C. therefore to repent of this Minor, and proceed.
- 4 Argum. That which is false, delusive and uncertain, is not to be practised, countenanced or tolerated.
- But such is fore-telling things by the Stars.
- Therefore, &c.
Resp. I deny the Minor, (for it is no kin to the truth at all) and argue against it, thus:
- If fore-telling by the Stars were false, delusive and uncertain, the Fates of particular Persons, the variety of Seasons, great Droughts, Sicknesses, Peace, Wars, Plenty or Scarcity, were not to be certainly predicted.
- [Page 98]But these things are certainly to be foretold by the Aspects and Positions of the Stars.
- Ergo, foretelling by the Stars is not false, delusive, and uncertain; but certain, real and true.
Lucius Bellantius foretold the Death of Picus Mirandula, that great Antagonist to Astrologie; who while he was writing against that Art, his own Death concurring, evinced it to be true, without further Argument. Zonarus reports that Julians death was foreseen to a day. Gauricus forewarned Henry the Second, of France, of the 41 year of his age; and in the same year that Famous King died. Spurina forewarns Caesar of the Ides of March, and Caesar was then slain in the Senate-House: upon which the Ingenious Poet, Tho. Pecke, Esq; thus Elegantly versifies. Viz.
The Emperor Vitellius assign'd a day for Astrologers to depart Rome; they assigned him another, for his pasport out of the world; as is recorded by Sir Christ. Heydon: and he then dyed.
Then for general Things, or accidents, let it be remembred, that Thales foretold a plenty of Olives, and enriched himself thereby. Democritus and Sestius presaged a dearth of Olives, as is witnessed by Pliny. Regiomantanus predicted the great Changes that happened in 1588. long before the year came. Hippocrates foretold a Plague, by Astrologie. Mr. Booker predicted the fate of the Irish exactly in 1646. and the Bellum Episcopale that happened in England also in 1639. and 1640. which Episcopal War, was the [...] to all our English Miseries. Nay, I could make it appear, that not only accidents on earth may (by Astrologie) be presaged, but in Heaven also; As was [Page 100]the Comet, or Stella Crinita in December. 1652. by my learned and loving Friend Mr. Joshua Childrey; and this three Moneths before it happened. See his Sygiast, Instaur. 1653.
This therfore may serve for a sufficient Refutation of the Error and Prejudice (I was about to say, Ignorance) in Mt. Clarks fourth Argument.
- 5. Argum. That which nourisheth vain, and forbidden hopes and fears, is not to be practised, countenanced, or tolerated.
- But so do Astrological Predictions.
- Therefore, &c.
Answ. I answer, by denying the Minor: For Astrological Predictions do not nourish (or cherish) vain and forbidden hopes and fears, but rather fortisies mens minds against them. The Text, viz. Jer. 10. which Mr. C. cites to support his Minor, I have before proved, hath nothing at all to do with, either Astrologie, or Astrological Predictions; so that you see it proves nothing of the Minor in question. However, I Anti-Argue.
- The Art which draws men to a Consideration of the wonderful works of God, doth not nourish vain or forbidden fears.
- But Astrologie, and Astrological Predictions, do so.
- Ergo, &c.
That Astrologie draws men to the Consideration of the wonderful works of God, is proved in the answer to the third Argument, both from Scripture-Authority, and Reason. Thus much therefore may serve for a Refutation of his fifth Argument.
- 6 Argum. That which most godly and learned men upon experience have renounced, and repented of, that is neither to be practised, countenanced or tolerated.
- But godly men have renounced and repented of their studie of Astrologie.
- Therefore, &c.
Resp. I answer by denying the Major.
- If General Councils may erre, then surely particular persons, though never so godly or holy.
- [Page 102]Sed verum prius.
- Engo & posterius.
There is no man dare assume the Epithet of infallibility on earth; neither do I believe that any of those whom Mr. Clark stiles most godly and learned, would have so done, had they been with him at the framing of his Argument.
The word most, in his Argument, must be understood, either as a note of number, or of excellency, and transcendency of knowledge and ability, to discern and distinguish. If of Number, I shall be able to out-vote him; for he hath named but three, viz. St. Augustine, Perkins, and Mr. Briggs. If of Excellency, &c. I presume he hath made as ill a choyce as could be. For St. Augustine (although a learned man) was to seek in many things, and consequently was subject to errour; witness his stiff opinion against Antipodes, (which clearly declares him ignorant of Astrologie, and his censure therefore the less to be regarded) and (2.) his approbative relation of a Monstrous great Tooth, proves him to be a person very credulous; and therefore the less to be heeded in his Judicial Censures.
Mr. Perkius never understood Astrologie; and is therefore no competent Judge thereof. I grant he studyed it, but never attained the excellency of it; and that was the reason of his quarrelling thereat. The Fox in Aesop blamed the Grapes for being too high; but the fault was in his dwarfish Stature.
Mr. Briggs was (indeed) an eminent Mathematician, and therefore the most comperent of the three to judge of the Controversie. But a man may be a good Mathematician, and yet no good Astrologer. I illustrate it thus: Mr. Clarke may be a good Divine, yet no good Casuist. He may be a good Divine, yet nor grounded in the universal point. A te, & à Scientia. Every man is not born to one kind of inclination: if all were excellent in one thing, many things both useful and worthy, might by that means come to be neglected. It is in Philosophy and the Mathematicks, as in Divinity; there are several parts in them, fit for the several persons that study them. But, — ‘Unto our Story let us turn our Tide,’
And draw toward a Conclusion. I [Page 104]assert in opposition to Mr. Clarke, —
- That which most godly and learned men upon experience have commended to the world, as worthy, laudable, and useful, ought to be countenanced, practised, and tolerated.
- But most godly and learned men have so commended the Science of Astrologie.
- Ergo, &c.
The Major no man (that is in his sences) will offer once to deny. The Minor I fortifie thus. The Patriarchs themselves studyed Astrologie, and thereby commended the same to the world as worthy. Josephus tells us that Abraham did not onely study, but taught the Aegyptians this Art. Isaac is said to have studied the Heavens, when he went into the field to meditate. Upon which the learned Mr. Caryl saith, It is good to take field-room sometimes to contemplate the Works of GOD. Jacob (saith Origen) read in the Tables of Heaven, what ever things should in futuro, befal his Generation. Ergo, godly and learned [Page 105]men have commended and studied this heavenly and praise-worthy Science.
What I here have done, I profess is out of no prejudice to Mr. Clark, either as he is a Man, or Minister; but for a proper and plain discovery of the truth; after which the souls of many thousands (besides his and mine) earnestly thirst: and in this I hope some satisfaction will appear, as well to him as others.
A. R. 330. d. 49. m.
J. Allen born 1628/9. ☉ March 11. 1 h. 59 m. A.M. ☽ ad □ ♀.
Lat. 52.
THis [...]s the Nativity of Mr John Allen, Stationer, as himself hath made it known to several: it was rectified by divers eminent Accidents; from which I shall excerpt one onely, which I adjudge the greatest of all, viz. On Friday, August 21. 1657. he burnt and destroyed [Page 107]in printed Books and Manuscripts, the worth of one hundred pounds, and upwards: in the height of this (strange) action, his Zeal (or Folly rather) wrought so furiously, that for hast to destroy his Books, he had nearly set a house of one of his Neighbours on fire. When the man came to himself, (for without question he was then in: a Frensie) he reported that several Presbyterian Ministers excited him thereunto. Whether that be true, I know not; but it is most certain, destroy his Books he did: and in all probability (had not some worthy and ingenious persons of his own profession, interposed their Moderation and Reason) he had in the heat of his Enthusiastick Zeal, destroyed most (if not all) of his Estate.
Now to shew Mr. Allen a Reason in Art for this his unhappy misfortune, (although he cannot deny but he was forewarned of it near three full years before it happened unto him) I shall take the boldness to acquaint him, that then the Moon was directed to the Quartile of the Sun. And the place the direction happened in, was the Ascendent, and [Page 108]that in the beginning of a Tropical signe; perhaps one main reason of the violence of the action. Besides this, it is remarkable, the very day of the accident, the Moon Significatrix of the same, was in Quartile of the Sun, (whose Quartile was Promittor in the Direction) and of Mercury also, who is the particular Patron of Books: Nay, she was in the Quartile-places of Saturn and Mercury in the Radix. And to prove unto him at large, that Astrologie is not so vain a study as he (poor man) conceives it, or as some ignorant Professors have made it; he had at the same time, his part of Fortune under the Direction of the Sun his opposition. Which Directions and Transits, if he consult but Books of Astrologie, he may plainly see portended the prejudice both of Person and Estate he then underwent.
In my opinion, the man hath more reason to bless God for the happy assistance of the benevolent Planet Jupiter, at that time upon the place of the Direction, and Ascendent of his Radix, (for the Stars, you must know, under God, [Page 109]do good to men, as by his permission, they do evil) then for the advise of those Presbyterians, who (as himself saith) counselled him to burn his Books.
Had this Natives Father been a friend or acquaintance of mine, I should never have advised him to a put his Son to a Bookseller. For dealing in Books, seems (by his Nativity) to be no ways profitable or fortunate to him. Mercury is in Pisces, (his detriment and fall) in the house of Trade, and in opposition to Saturn, Lord of the seventh, eigth, ninth and tenth Houses.
Neither would I have counselled that he should have been made a Singingman, or been bred up to Musick; because the Moon is in Square of Venus, (the proper Significatrix thereof) which should portend him to be furnished with a more harsh Voyce or Note, then Cicera is reported by Plutarch to have had.
Nor should I have perswaded he should have been made a Husband-man, because Saturn the Significator of Husbandry, and all things of that nature, is in the fourth House, in opposition of his Dispositor. Nor yet a Divine, for Cauda [Page 110]Draconis is in the ninth house, which sometimes denotes an Atheist; always an uncertain person in Religion. A Statesman he should never attain to be, because the Sun (Significantor of Dignity, Honour and Soveraignty) is in Quartile to his Ascendent, and in Opposition of Saturn Lord of the tenth house. These several things (and something else) he is (by the Canons of Astrologie) absolutely unfit for: for what he is fit, I leave to the Consideration and Judgement of every ingenious Artist; but shall not tell him (because he is so envious) without a convenient reward or satisfaction.
About the thirty ninth year of his age, (perhaps a little sooner) the Ascendent of his Geniture by Direction, comes to the Opposition of Mars; and the Sun to the body of the Moon, and the Pleiades. The Introductions to Nativities, tell us what such Directions portend. In some mens Nativities, I have known them attended with strange Effects; the kinds of which, in tenderness I forbear to acquaint Mr. Allen with; I had rather he should read them himself, in those Books they are to be found. But he (it [Page 111]may be) believes himself to be a person of such godly prudence, (according to the Adage, Sapiens Dominabitur Astris) as that he may with ease govern the Stars, and live above the Energie of Coelestial Influences. Which persons that are illuminated with the Spirit of Grace and Truth, I grant may; and wish most heartily that he were one of them.
I account it lost to trouble my self further herein; nor should I have busied my self thus far, but for to prevent the poor man of undoing himself (if it be possible) in printing Books against an Art he understands not, in the strength (or weakness rather) of his reasonless Inveteracy and Hatred thereto. For I freely profess, I take no pleasure in adding trouble or torment to a minde, which of it self is sufficiently terrified, tortured, and confused already.