The grammar warre. Or The eight parts of speach, noune, pronoune. verbe, participle, aduerbe, coniunction, preposition, interiection, altogether by the eares Together with the lamentable burning of a petty schoole. — Bellum grammaticale. English

The grammar warre. Or The eight parts of speach, noune, pronoune. verbe, participle, aduerbe, coniunction, preposition, interiection, altogether by the eares Together with the lamentable burning of a petty schoole. — Bellum grammaticale. English

Table of contents

Title page

THE TRANSLATOR, To all Tyro's, or firſt admitted into the Grammar Squadron.

The Preface vpon the Hiſtoricall diſcourſe of the Grammar Warre.

THE GRAMMAR WARRE.

A Lamentation vpon the Con•lagration of the Muſes Habitation: Or a Diſcription of the burning of a Pettie Schoole.

FINIS.

§

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THE GRAMMAR WARRE. OR The eight Parts of SPEACH,

Noune,

Pronoune.

Verbe,

Participle,

Aduerbe,

Coniunction,

Prepoſition,

Interiection,

altogether by the eares. Together with the lamentable burning of a Petty Schoole.

LONDON, Printed by Robert Raworth, for Thomas Spencer. 1635.

THE TRANSLATOR, To all Tyro's, or firſt admitted into the Grammar Squadron.

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COme hopefull young ones, and with fea [...]eleſſe fight,

View the blyth turmoyle, of a Grammer Fight.

It was a Romane field; and higher ſtraine:

But now brought low, fought on an English plain:

That every tender head, and Infant eye,

May iudge and ſee, who gets the Victorie.

And though the parts of ſpeach in conflict are,

Through wild combuſtion of Gramma [...]ick Warre;

Yet one thing Iolly Readers grant, that wee

Like Subſt [...]ntiues and Adictiues agree.

The Preface vpon the Hiſtoricall diſcourſe of the Grammar Warre.

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THe firſt and auncient Philoſophers that wrote their Poeſies couertly hidden vnder ſubtill and wylie matter, did conſtitute Pallas the daughter of Iupiter, to bee goddeſſe of Wiſedome, called Mi [...]arua, and of Warre, called Enyo or Bellona. Giuing hereby to vnderſtand, that of one and the ſame beginning, in one time altogether and in one ſubſtance are two principall things inſeparately ioyned together: which two properties are ſo knit, that the one without the other is of no force, and the other without his fellow, of ſmall or no account: Yea, they are the principles whereby men attaine to the height of Honour, aduancing meane men to Honour in their life-time, and immortall fame after death. They are Learning and Martiall diſcipline. Of theſe two together Noble Greece made ſeparation in her two metropolitanes; when the Citie of Athens flouriſhed in learning, and the Citie of Sparta or Lacedemonia glorious in feates of Armes. The noble fame of the Romanes grew by the one, and by the other they did alwayes defend them, ſo that they did ſucceſsiuely greatly ſet ſtore by them. The worthie, valiant, and mighty Eloquent Caeſar was decored with them both, and by [Page] them did eterniſe his renowne. Theſe two which did ſo much ennoble Greece, ſo greatly honour the Romanes, and eterniſe the fame of the great Caeſar, are in this preſent ſmall volume compriſed vnder an angry Argument, and Hiſtoricall narration of the Grammar Warre: Lucian an eloquent Greeke Authour made the firſt d [...]aughts in the battell of the Alphabet letters: But this Authour hath waded further, euen vnto Verbes and Nounes, being principall heads of Oration, and to the adherents of ſpeach, as well to the congruate word, (being the opener and the declaratiue of the ſenſe) as otherwiſe, wherein reſteth all Arte and Knowledge, wherein alſo all the wiſedome of man is compriſed: ſhaping and forming theſe two heads, and the auxiliary ayding parties with ſuch fained perſonages and pretie properties, ſo apt and to them ſo quicke in qualitie, that hee giueth life, body, weapon and armour to dead words, yea, and ſounding voyce, to ſubſtances inanimate and without ſoule: ſo that the Reader in the lecture of this (though fained) narration and dreadfull diſcouerie, ſhall deeme them no mo [...] to bee vocall wordes, but by a ſtrong iudgement ſhall thin [...]e them dapperlie diſguiſed, being tranſformed into liuely perſons, going, ſpeaking, and ſharply reaſoning with continuall terrours of martiall expedition and exploits, with allegoricall conflicts of bloody battell, not onely in hoſtile contention abroad, but alſo in ciuill, yea, and inteſtine Warres at home: ſo that in the diſcouerie hereof he is nothing obliuious of any thing that appertaineth to the deduction and ſafe guiding of ſo great affaires, euen from the firſt cauſes [...]nd intermixed medlies of their aduentures, vnto [Page] the laſt end of their attemptes and endeauours, with all their circumſtances, all their tumults and vproares, with their doubtfulneſſe of victory among many martialiſts, how of bloody battell diuers loſſes and dangers doe follow, and how in the end finall peace enſueth. All which matters bee ſo properlie penned, and ſo cunningly compact in this tragedie, that the warres of the Poloponenſes, and the ciuill warres of the Affricanes in Thucide, in Saluſt, and Lucan, are peradueuture more high and diffuſedly deſcribed: But with more a [...]te, or more compendiouſly, I am ſure they are not. Heere are placed the mighty, huge, and fearefull factes of armes vnder the figure of ſo ſmall a thing as of the congruitie or diſcordance of words in Oration, ioyning letters with weapons, teaching the art Militarie with the art Litterarie, ſo well, and ſo exactly, that the Reader (beſide the delight and pleaſure that hee ſhall haue in the reading of ſo pleaſant an Allegorie) ſhall receiue further benefit: For herein is repreſented in one conceit, two vnderſtandings knit together, the one proper and naturall, the other tropique and figured. Beſide this, hee ſhall comprehend in this ſame very ſubſtance, and by the only labour of one reading, thoſe two ſo worthy things aboue mentioned, that doe eterniſe the fame of their fellowes, that is louers of learning, and prudent Martialliſtes. The ſcience litterarie, and militarie, that is to ſay, the art of G [...]amm [...], yea, the Grand mother of all arts and ſciences, and the art militarie (of deduced Warres, vnder pleaſant Metaphoricall figure [...], tranſported and turned, bereauin, the mind of the literall vnderſtanding of ſmall things Verball, to [Page] the conſideration of greater, more royall & reall) doth manifeſtly ſhew by example the ambitious mouings, the imperious deſire of Princes to haue gouernment, the tumults and partiallities of peoples, the profitable and peruerſe counſell of ſundry Counſellers, the ſeemely ſentences, and modeſt meſſages of the artificiall erands on both Partees, their enterpriſed attempts, and martiall orders, the ſummonning of Souldiers, the charts of defiance, the denouncing of Heraldes, the high and ſtātely ſtomackes of the aduerſe parties to ioyne battell, the ſeeking of aliance in extremitie, the compact confederated of countrey-men, the flights, treaſons, eſpies, ambuſhments, their ſuddaine entraps and skirmiſhes, the ordinances of armes, the placing of the campe, the pitching of the arrayes, the noble cheering of the Captaines to their Souldiers, the taking of Townes, the marching of their men, the cruell conflicts, and worthy feates of armes on all ſides, the lammentable loſſe of Captaines, the cruell combate of the fighters, the great ſlaughters on both Partees, the fearefull flying on all ſides, the doubtfull meetings of many, the indifferency of their victory, and the finall pernitious accidents that enſue through the warres to both ſides, the robbing, the reauing, the rapine and diſorder that is then in vre, the depopulating of inhabitate countreys, the deſolate deſtruction that diuers are damnified by: the commodities and aduantages that one realme enioyeth through the detriment of another: and contrarily, the infinite vtillities that enſue through peace and con [...]ord, to all realmes and Republikes. It was firſt written in Latine, but now tranſlated, whereby the ſimple and [Page] vnlearned Engliſh readers, as well as the learned Latiniſts, might enioy part of the pleaſure that is had in the reaping of this ſo delectable diſcourſe of the figured warre, and blood-leſſe battell, without mortall ſhot, ſweate, or noyſe of Canon. For the vtilitie of our English Children, but eſpecially beginning to ſtudie the Latine tongue, who reading this pleaſant fight in their owne tongue, might learne by way of mirth and m [...]rrie paſtime, the principall points of the Grammar. Not to hold thee longer in that to which all this but introduceth; If the Booke pleaſe thee, it will bee obuious in Pauls Church-vard and elſe where; the Stationers may haue thy money, but thou ſhalt haue the profit, an I in the int [...]im [...]eſt,

Thine I. S.

THE GRAMMAR WARRE.

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THere is none ſo ſimple (as I thinke,) that doubteth the ſoyle of Grammar to bee the fayreſt and happieſt of all the renowned parts and Prouinces of the World, as well for the pleaſantneſſe of the place wherein it is ſituate, being in good and wholſeſome ayre, and aboundant in all fruits and other good things, without which this mortall life cannot eaſily be ſuſtained: As alſo for that ſhee hath alwayes, and euer, beene the Nurſe and bringer vp of all people of renowne. For euen as in this age, euen ſo long time heretofore, the cuſtome and manner was [Page] in this land and countrie (except among the rude & barbarous Nations) where any were eſpied of prompt and ready nature, or hopefully inclined, they were ſent thither to bee taught and inſtructed, whereby they might attayne the moſt holy and learned Sciences: For by this onely way and paſſage is the entry and acceſſe to the higheſt Countries, and Noble houſes of Dialectica, that is Logike, Philoſophie, that is learned Wiſedome, and Theologie, that is the moſt high and excellent knowledge in Diuinitie. Inſomuch that vnleſſe they enter thorow the Prouince of Grammar, no ſoule were able to attaine to the worthy ſecrets of the other Prouinces. And albeit that the ſame regions abound in all pleaſure, yet notwithſtanding they are ſo enuironed about with high Mountaines, and ſuch ſharpe Rocks, right dificult and hard to bee got vp vpon, that hardly without a good-guide, any may euer attaine to the plaine and pleaſant path of them. And therfore becauſe mankind ſhould not bee reſtrained from ſo neceſſary a benefit, the good and laudable cuſtome euer was, and yet reſteth to the Kings of the ſaid land, to ſend abroad [Page] through euery part of the vniuerſal world, ſome of their expert Knights and worthy Captaines of old bands properly called Pcdagoges, Schoole-maſters, that they might ayde others, and ſurely conduct them of tender age to the Princely pallaces of the ſayd Kings, (for the mightie, and ſuch as now draw toward age, hardly ſuffer to bee taught of any,) to the end that the youth there being taught in the Sciences of the Greeke and Latine tongue, might the eaſier, and more lightly aſcend and goe ouer the foreſaid countries. There haue all learned Greekes and Latins made their apprentiſhippe, who by their worthy writings, or by the acte of others, are immortallized with renowned fame. Being there thus well taught and learned, they haue afterward ſo floriſhingly liued through the high praiſe of their illuſtrious and ſplendant actes, that liuing, they were vnto all men in their time ſetters forth of vertuous examples, and after they were dead (yet as aliue) ſhewed to thoſe that ſuruiued them, as it were by pointing with the finger, the right path and ready way to attaine honourable life, and immortall fame. But although that this land [Page] of Grammar bee none other but indiuiſible and without partition, yet neuertheleſſe there are two mighty Kings, that there raigne and gouerne, that is to ſay, the Verbe and the Noune. The Verbe hath to name Amo, and the Noune Poeta, who a very long time raigned together in ſuch concord and quietneſſe, that to forme Oration perfect (wherein the beautie of them both, the higheſt place of the one, and the chiefeſt ſeate of the other dependeth) no diſſention, diſpleaſure or contention was euer heard betweene them: For in all their territorie there grew nothing more eſteemed, more worthie, or more ſound, then Oration, which being beautified with the moſt colours of ſundry flowers, and decked with the moſt faire and fine figures, and moſt ſweete and perfumed Buds of ſet Roſes, was of ſuch ſingular comlineſſe and authoritie, that ſhee not onely drew vnto her m [...]nkind, (when the ſame is right and aptly applied) but may alſo withdraw any of the Gods which way ſhee will winde them. By reaſon whereof Euripides ſaith▪

That which force could not gaine,

That faire ſpeech did ſoone attaine.

[Page] Pyrrhus alſo vſed ſometime to ſay that Cyneas did win more Townes with his tongue and comelie ſpeech, then hee with his Warres. Theſe two Kings then being in ſuch concord, as all the affaires of Grammar were in good appearance and better eſtate, it happened that for a ſmall thing, diſſention ſprang betweene them, whereby vpon a very ſudaine, all was bewrapped in vprore and martiall diſpleaſures: For what harme is that, that Wine and inſaeiate eating cauſe not? Thus that ſo great amitie and vnion betweene theſe two Princes was ſo ouerthrowne at one onely banquet, wherein they were both drunken; and ebrietie ſet them in ſo great enmities one againſt another, that either of them, pricked forward with ambitious deſire of regiment (as wild Bulls ſtung of gadde flies) almoſt vtterly ouerturned their owne realmes, and the noble Empire of Grammar.

But now let vs ſhew how their debate happened, to the end that euery one may know, that there is no band or knot of amity ſo ſtrong that deſire of ſuperiority may not breake, euery man louing rather to bee ſerued, then to ſerue other.

[Page] As theſe two Kings on a time were at a banquet, in the mideſt of the hot Summer, neere to a pleaſant and cleere ſpring, hauing the water bancke on the one ſide, and the other ſide moſt pleaſant, and ſingulatly ſhaddowed with the branches of greene Willowes, and high Plane trees, after they had ſufficiently banquetted, being warmed with Wine, and lightened with drinking, a queſtion aroſe betweene them, whether of them two were greateſt in authoritie, and of moſt importance to performe Oration? Then the Verbe minding to hold the worthieſt place, was ſharply withſtood of the Noune, affirming, that without him, Oration and ſpeach might not bee, and that through him altogether, the ſame is vnderſtood and of better grace: And what doſt thou (ſaid hee) without mee in Oration? If I withhould me a part neuer ſo little, the hearers vnderſtand thee no more then one were dumbe and ſpake not. Gather a while a ſmall part of ſpeach without mee, and doe that the hearers may vnderſtand that which thou ſpeakeſt. Doubtleſſe, if I bee not there for an Interpreter, none may ſo much as gueſſe the leaſt thing of [Page] thy meaning. Moreouer thou ſhouldeſt note, that in ſo much as I am elder then thou, ſo much more am I approoued worthieſt. Who is hee that knoweth not the Noune, before the Verbe? Or who is hee that is ignorant, how the beginning of the Noune is more ancient then the Verbe? It is infallible, that God made all things, who if hee made all, then hee made alſo the Verbe. Now God is a Noune and not a Verbe, wherefore now of conſequence, by the Noune were all things made, yea, Oration it ſelfe was made of God, and ſo of the Noune. As for thee, O thou Verbe (that art ſo proud) thou haſt thy calling of mee: Haſt thou neuer read, that among the Sonnes of Women, is not a greater then Iohn Baptiſt? This is Gods ſentence, it is not lawfull to goe againſt it. Wherfore if none be greater then Iohn, and Iohn being a Noune; it is apparent to bee ſeene, that there is not, neither may any thing elſe bee greater then the Noune. I could alledge to this matter ſixe hundred places, whereby it is proued clearer then the day, that as in worthineſſe and antiquitie, euen ſo in authoritie and chiefe place the Noune is preferred before the [Page] Verbe. All which things I ſet and leaue apart, to the end that men thinke me not to proceede of the Verbe, more through much babling, then of iuſt cauſe. O Poeta (anſwered the Verbe) I maruailed before now, why that Diuine Plato had expulſed thee out of his common Weale: But now knowing how ſhameleſſe and light thou art ſo to intermixe the holy Scripture among thy follies: I know well that the learned and wiſe Plato iudged rightly of thee. For had not hee exiled thee with many other, forth of the Republike that hee ordained, thou haddeſt by thy falſe coremonies, fearfull Gods, and other things, corrupted the ciuill manners of his citizens. For what pernitious thing durſt not thy great pride and arrogancie, enterprize and attempte? Yea ſeeing that by the deuiſed deceipts, and falſe writhed witneſſes wreſted by force from holy Scripture, thou laboureſt to caſt me down from the dignitie of the chiefeſt place, which I haue long time in this land poſſeſſed. But certainely, for that it ſhall not ſeeme to thee, that thou alone art learned, I will eaſily alledge more manifeſt and plaine teſtimonies of the ſame [Page] holy Scripture, that maintaine mine authoritie. I will ſet here foremoſt the very beginning of that Euangelicall Scripture, where it is thus ſaid: In the beginning was the word, and the word was with God, and God was the word. Open thine eares now, wherefore hideſt thou thy face ſo? God (ſaid hee) was the Word, and moreouer, all things are made by him: And without him nothing was made. It is not therefore the Noune that made all things, but the Verbe. Againe, God was a Verbe, and not a Noune. Moreouer, by the Word the Heauens were made firme and ſure, and all their powers.

What wilt thou now ſay? There is no meane to defend thee by holy allegations, but thou mayſt perceiue them to make for mee, and not for thee. But let vs bend to thoſe points that aptlieſt tend to our cauſe: Tell mee I pray thee, whence commeth to thee this folly and madnes? And whence haſt thou ſo ſudainely taken ſuch ſtomacke and hart of grace, that thou dareſt vſurpe vpon thee the worthieſt place in Oration▪ Knoweſt thou not that all comelineſſe, beautie and ſweetneſſe commeth of mee alone? And [Page] that the Noune is alwayes ruled of the Verbe, and not that the Verbe is ruled of the Noune. The comely featneſſe of the Verbe is that, that beautifieth and enricheth Oration: And if I gouerne thee not therein, thou ſhalt bee halfe handed, and of no force. Knoweſt thou how to make a conſtruction, wherein forthwith the chiefe place is not giuen mee? Behold all men know, that I onely that hold the ſeigniorie ouer the Verbes, can without the ayd of any other make perfect Oration. Wherefore then ſpeakeſt thou ſo impudently? And (as Horace ſaith) why throweſt thou ſo thy proud and diſdainefull ſixe cornered words? Who art thou? What art thou? Of what force? Or how great? Not of ſuch authoritie as thou boaſteſt of, I am ſure, that ſo goeſt puffed and ſwollen, that it is maruell thou burſteſt not in the middeſt, I am (thou wilt ſay the King of the Nounes: But what is thy name? Thou wilt anſwere Poeta. And what is Poeta other then a pratler, a ſeller of gaudes, a deuiſer of fables, a maſter of miſchiefe, a brabler, a Lyar, a Drunkard, and a fooliſh dolte, that coloureth that which is trueth, and putteth [Page] foorth falſhood, and ſuch a one as by pratling filleſt and perturbeſt all the World?

Which alſo by thy chat vſurpeſt ſo much authoritie among the common and ſimple ſort, that thou dareſt ſtriue for the dignitie againſt the renowned ſtocke of the Verbes. Fooliſhly doe thoſe fathers that giue thee their children to bee taught of for what is in thee whereby that youth may bee encited to grace and vertuous encouragement, but the Stews of the adulterous Iupiter, the iealouſie of Iuno, and the Whooredome of Venus, and of the Ruffian Mars, and ſuch goodly devices imrgined of thine owne brayne, that hauing drunke a little more then well, thou, as filled with a diuine ghoſt, and ouerladen with wine, mad like or deuiliſhly, dareſt in a Poeticall furie mixe heauen with earth, and earth with heauen.

At theſe words, Poeta the King, all fired in ire, not able to ſuffer the ſhame nor the iniury that was ſayd to him, anſwered thus: O thou moſt miſchieuous head of man, dareſt thou ſpeake ſo boldly ſuch contentious things of vs? And [Page] there withall caught a Cupp in his hand, which had, violently hit him on the face, had not one of the ſtanders by (holding him by the arme) turned the ſtroake aſide. It is not to bee doubted now, that in the rage wherein both partyes were then, but that words were no blowes: But certainely of the elder ſort and wiſeſt came vpon the ſame and they beare away the ſayd Kings all drunken into their Pallaces: And on the morrow after that the friends of the partyes were aſſembled, there was great enquirie and diſputation of the contention happened the day before. Then of the part of the Nounes was ſharply blamed, the open throat and vnſeemely talke of the King of Verbes, and the moſt part of the Nounes, eſpecially the younger of them maruellouſly muttered, ſaying that the tongue of King Amo ought to bee tamed, and to giue him to vnderſtand, that the mighty maieſtie of the Nounes was neuer ſubiect to ſuch reproch and contumelie.

But although the elders that were then there preſent, eſpecially Terence, admoniſhed them that nothing might bee vnaduiſedly done, but that it was requiſite [Page] rather firſt to take counſell then weapon, in that point following the wiſer ſort: yet notwithſtanding all the Nounes with their King, were ſo fleſhed to fight, that it was forthwith fully determined and accorded to offer battell to the Verbes: And thereupon was ſent forth a Trumpet to the King Amo, aſſuredly to proclaime Warre againſt him. On the Verbes part was no wiſer counſells held, for when all their Nobilitie were come together, there was nothing elſe treated of among them, then to defend the dignitie of the Verb [...]s, in the land of Grammar, and to depreſſe and throw down the pride of the Nounes. And behold, hereupon came the Herald of the King Poeta, who diligently declared the charge of his errand. They anſwered, that with good will they receiued the defiance, and from thence forward all their mindes were bent wholely toward martiall affaires. Afterward the King of Verbes, ſent Trumpets and meſſengers to all Nations and lands that were vnder his ſeigniorie, commanding that all ſuch as were able to beare weapon, ſhould bee found ready in good order at the day aſſigned.

[Page] Firſt before all other, came Quando, the Duke of Aduerbes, with ſixe of his Captaines, Vbi Quo, Vnde? Qua? Quorſum? and Quoſque? Quorſum and Quoſque were companied with their bandes, and vnder the firſt Enſigne were theſe renowned Champions. Hic, Illic Iſthic, Intus, Foris, Ibi, Ibidem, Sicubi, Alicubi, Alias, Alibi vſquam, and Nuſquam. Vnder the ſecond, Huc, Illuc, Iſtue, Intro, Foras, Alio, Nequo, Aliquo, Siquo, Illo, Eo, and Eo [...]. Vnder the third, Hac, Illac, Iſtac, Alia, Nequa, Illa, and Eadem. Vnder the fourth, Horſum, Illorſum, Iſtorſum, Introrſum, Extorſum, Dextrorſum, Siniſtrorſum, Aliorſum, Aliquorſum, and Deorſum.

Vnder the fift, Hactenus, Hucuſque, Eouſque, Vſquemodo, and Vſque nunc. To the ſixt band the Captaine himſelfe beare the Enſigne, marching in the midſt of his men, ſo that two of the ſaid bandes were in the Van, and the other three in the Reere.

Many other Aduerbes ſerued for forerunners, and theſe diſcouered the wayes and ſerued for Partiſans, the reſt couered the wings and kept that the bandes marched [Page] not out of array. The names of them are, Peregre, Pone, Super, Supra, Inter, Infra, Extra, Citra, and Vltra, with many other. After them came other Aduerbes, great of quallity, quantity, and number, among whom were thoſe hideous ſwearing Aduerbs, as Aedipol, Enimuero, Ecaſtor, Medius fidius, and profecto. Alſo the calling Aduerbs, as Heus, &c. The anſwerers, as Hem. The laughers, as Ha, Ha, He. The denying Aduerbs, Minime and Nequaquam: which Nequaquam albeit hee were valliant, and greatly trained vp in the warres, was yet withſtandinge the moſt vntrue and deceitfulleſt of them all, and would never ſay truth, but through conſtraint of danger.

Now theſe Adverbs were armed with three kinds of Armor; for they had kinde for a Buckler, Signification for an Headpice, and Figure for a Sword. Many other Adverbs came to the aide of their King: as Indicatives, Frequentatives, Meditatives, Deminutives and Denominatives, with their bands, which were not to bee contemned. Anomales (being Verbes out of rule, that beare great ſway [Page] and lordſhippe in the borders of Grammer) were not laſt and hind moſt: doubtleſſe worthy men of Warre, but yet not able to hold their array, they are called, Sum, Volo, Fero, and Edo, By reaſon wherof it was permitted them to pitch their Tents in any part of the Campe where they would, leaſt they might raiſe vprore among the Souldiers.

The nation of the Verbes Defectives came alſo thither very braue, & in goodly order, Memi [...]i, Novi, Caepi and Odi: Alſo Vale, Salve, Aio, Inquit, Faxo, and Cedo, being all armed point deuice ready to joyne battayle. After them followed all the Verbes Actiues, clothed in bone and brauerie, and alſo the Neuters, with the Deponents, Commons, and Imperſonals: All of them in ſundry fourms and ſtrange languages, and were armed with Gende [...], Tences, Moodes, Kindes, Perſons, and Numbers.

The King Amo, after hee had thus aſſembled his hoſte, pitched his campe in the wild plaines of Coniunctions, in a place called Copula, and encamped his hoſt there, neere the riuer of Diſiunctiues called Siuer, and deuided his Hoſte into [Page] foure coniugations, giuing to euery of them a meete place (except to certaine familiar Verbes, who were encharged to beare the Baggage of the Infinitiues) Their names are, Incipit, Deſinit, Debet, Vult, Roteſt, Iubet, Audet, Nititur, Tentat, and Dignatur, with ſuch like: This office was aſsigned them, for that they were willing thereto, and had ſturdy ſtrength and abilitie. Laſt of all came certaine Verbes extract from high place, and of great dignitie, as Pluit, Ningit, Fulgurat, Tonat, Eulminat, and Aduesperacit; bringing with them certaine bands of their moſt worthy Champions: But the Gerundes, with the Supines, forſaking the Nounes, came and yeelded to the Verbes.

When Poeta King of Nounes heard the great preparation of his aduerſarie, fearing to bee ſupriſed with ſome ſudaine alarum, if hee abode the fury and force of his enemies without preparation to defend him, commanded all the ſubiects of his Realme that in the ſpeedieſt manner they might, they ſhould make themſelues ready to be in the field armed, and ſo aptly equipped, as in beſt wiſe were poſsible for them. Then to the ayde of the King of Nnunes, [Page] Firſt came the Dukes of the Pronounes, as the neareſt kinſmen, who for the moſt part were oftentimes Princes, Ego, Tu, Tui, being of the Blood royall, and of the ſtocke of the Arſacides, with whom were, Meus, Tuus, Noſter, and Veſter, Noſtras and Veſtras, Ille, Ipſe, Iſte, Hic, and Hac. All the Pronounes were parted in many fourmes, and vnder ſundry Enſignes.

Some were Primatiues, other Deriuatiues, ſome Poſſeſſiues, and ſome Gentiles. After them came the right worthy Articles, who had a long time haunted the Warres, of which the firſt was, Hic, Haec, Hoc, The ſecond, Hic, & Haec: The third, Hic & Haec & Hoc, armed with Genders, Numbers, Figures, Perſons, and Caſes. After them came the grand Captaines of Interrogatiues, Infinitiues, & Relatiues, Quia, qui, quae, quod vel quid: and theſe ioyned to the hoſte. Theſe were the generall referenders of all the land of the King of Nounes, with whom were all the Relatiues, and Demonſtratiues deuided into two bandes; that is to witt, in Idendity, and Diuerſitie: In the firſt were Is, Suus, Ipſe, Ille, Idem. In the ſecond, Caeter, Alius, Reliquus and Alter. The Prince [Page] of the accidentall relatiues was Qualis, vnder whom fought Quartus, quot, quotuplex, quatenus, quotenus, quotifarium, cuias and euigena; the queene of the Prepoſitions called Ad, came thither alſo with Ab, and In, the husbands of Nounes Caſuals, and they brought with them three Enſignes of worthy Amazones; Vnder the firſt were A, abs, cum, coram, clam, de, e ex, pro, prae, palam, ſine, abſque, tenus, which ſerued to the Ablatiue Caſes, Vnder the ſecond were Ad, apud, ante, aduerſum, aduerſus, cis, citra, circum, circa, contra, erga, extra, inter, intra, infra, iuxta, ob, pone, per, propter, prope, ſecundum, poſt, trans, vltra, praeter, ſupra, circiter, vſque ſecus, & penes, all ſeruing to the Acuſatiue caſes: But In, ſub, ſupra, and ſubter, ſerued to both Caſes, to the Ablatiues, as well as to the Accuſatiues. Vnder the third were, Di, dis, re, ſe an, con, whoſe office was to puruey potation for the Souldiers, for it was then Lent. Who albeit they were by compoſition inſeperable, leaſt they ſhould at any time bee voyd of that was enioyned them, were yet inconſtant, that ſundry times they claue to the Nounes, and ſomewhile to the [Page] Verbes, and therefore they were accounted by the common rogues of the campe.

Now the Nounes thus deuided by bandes, marched in goodly array, that is to weete, the Subſtantiues, likewiſe the Adiectiues, Nounes proper, Appellatiues, and Participles: After whom were the braue and rich Comparatiues, Superlatiues, Poſſeſſiues, Patronymiques, Gentiles, (which were noble) Numerals, and Multiplying, which gouerned the outward borders. Euery of them were deuided by fiue Declinations, to weete, by the firſt, the ſecond, the third, the fourth and fift, and they were all armed with Kinds, Genders, Numbers, Figures, and Caſes. All the ſaid bands reduced in one, Poeta the King of the Nounes carried his hoſte into the ſame playne of Coniunctions, and pitched his campe on the other ſide of the ſaid riuer Siue: So that betweene both the hoſtes was nothing but the Riuer: By reaſon whereof, ſundry times there happened ſharpe skirmiſhes, betweene thoſe that went there to the water, notwithſtanding yet without open battell, for that had both the Kings forbidden, becauſe all needfull neceſſaries for the Warres, were [Page] not yet very ready.

Now either of theſe Kings conueied to [...]nduce to his part the Participle; a man doubtleſſe of very great authoritie tho [...]ow all the land of Grammar, yea, in [...]uiſſance and dignitie, altogether next and neereſt the King: Who without doubt was able alſo to cauſe victory to whether ſide hee would wind him. By reaſon of this, as well the Verbe as the Noune, left nothing vnaſſayed, either of them, hoping to haue him on their ſide: Poeta the King of Nounes putting forth foremeſt, wrote to him in this manner: I doubt not (O my brother) but that thou knoweſt with what pride and puffed ſtomacke Amo the King of the Verbes is riſen againſt mee, and againſt the dignitie of Nounes, and by what law I minde to occupie the chiefeſt ſeates to conſtrue Oration: for which thing, ſeeing that the fame doth ſo much moue and diſpleaſe mee; I am forced to take armes, and ſet Souldiers in the field, that his pride being beaten downe, wee may keepe our ſeigniorie in his right, vncorrupted. And ſ [...]hens thou knoweſt how much thou art bounden to the nation of the Nounes, and what great benefit thou haſt receiued of vs, [Page] as Genders and Caſes, Numbers, and Figures: Thou ſhalt therefore doe a worke worthy of thy faithfulneſſe and friendſhip, if with thy men of warre and thy Souldiers, thou come to ioyne with vs to defend our common Titles, our common riches, and common hope. For if the dignitie and lordſhip of Nounes bee deſtroyed, thinke not thou to find any ſure place in all the land of Grammar, And ſo farewell: Beſeeching thee to ſet forward thy comming in the ſpeedieſt wiſe thou mayeſt.

On the other ſide, Amo the King of Verbes, wrote to the ſaid Participle in this wiſe: I know very well (O deare brother) how thou art by our enemies very inſtantly ſolicited to bee on their part, to warre againſt vs: And albeit that wee haue hope, that by thy ſingular wiſedome thou wilt not doe any thing ſo raſh or vnaduiſedly, yet neuertheleſſe it ſeemtth good vnto vs, to admoniſh and aduertiſe thee, that thou conſider in thy ſelfe what commodities thou haſt receiued of vs, and what increaſe of dignitie the Verbes haue made thee, in making thee partaker of their Tenſes and Significations, Numbers, and Figures. And if thou haſt any ſmall benefit of the Nounes, thoſe that thou receiueſt [Page] of vs are much more, yea, and alſo greater. Thou ſhalt therefore doe beſt if thou repayre [...] our happy folde, not alone to keepe and defend vs, and the lordſhip of the Verbes, but alſo thou thy ſelfe, and thine. For thus thinke with thy ſelfe, that if I haue the worſt, mine enemies will not withhold them from running [...] thy lordſhip, and turne thy victorious armes againſt thee: That they all alone may with their mad will runne in and ſpoile all the land of Grammar. Farewell.

The Participle after that hee had read the ſaid letters of the two Kings, thought now of the one, then of the other, and had ſundry thoughts in his head, conſidering with himſelfe that he could not part with neither of them, without great and evident loſſe of his owne goods. Contra [...]ily if hee ſhould ſeeme to miniſter, hee might not only enjoy the favour of them both, but alſo that he rather wiſhed to ſee them lowe brought thorough the hazard of the warres, that they being deſtroyed, he might afterwards alone without reſiſtance poſſeſſe the ſaid land of Grammer: and therfore thought good to diſſemble, [...]eeding them with faire words, vntill hee knew who ſhould haue the better: therfore [Page] he wrote to them in this manner.

I haue moſt puiſſant Kings, received you [...] letters, and I haue read them with great ſorrow and trouble of minde, knowing that betweene two ſuch Princes ſo knit, is fall [...] ſuch diſcord, that you cannot withold yo [...] from ouerthrowing thorough cruell warre [...] your owne lordſhips, and that renowned Empire. But wherewith are you vexed? O [...] what harme holdeth you? And whence commeth this madneſſe? I beſeech you conſider [...] little whither you goe. How will our commo [...] enemies (thoſe beaſt-like citizens of Ignorance, and that ſlouen-like people of Barbarie) reioyce, vnderſtanding the ſtrength o [...] two ſuch Princes to bee ſo waſted throug [...] their owne contentious quarrelling? I adiur [...] you by the high Gods aboue and beneath, tha [...] yee would withhold you, and forbeare ſuch deadly, mortall, and abominable battells, lea [...] that through damnable deſire of ſuperioritie you bewrap in vproares & ſlanders the good lieſt Prouince of all the world. But if deſtim [...] will haue it ſo, & that you be ſo fully purpoſe [...] to debate your quarrell by the ſword, I purpoſe to take part with neither of you, ſeein [...] my lordſhip dependeth in part of the Verb [...] and in part of the Noune.

[Page] And for that I am greatly bound to you both, with what I can I will ayde you both with Victualls, Munitions, and other neceſſary things: But as touching facts of armes, I will withholde mee, and I will cauſe my Souldiers to bee aſſembled in armes, to keepe in at home, that through incourſes no iniury bee done by any, on the frontiers of mine own [...] land: Fare yee well.

And albeit that he had thus written to them, this ſubtill and wylie Fox neuertheleſſe, through all posſible meanes hee might, maintained the quarrell, and by his privy letters incited the mindes of both nations eagerly to itch againſt othē, hoping thereby (as I haue ſaid) that hee ſhould attaine to the ſeigniorie of the whole Grammar after their totall deſtruction. Then hauing aſsigned a day for his ſubiects to bee aſſembled in, was in a moſt trim and braue Company. Firſt the Terminats in Ans, ens, dus, rus, tus, ſus, [...]us, were therewith the Nounes verball in Tox, trix, and ſuch like, which were neighbours of the Verbes and Nounes, and ioyned with the Párticiples. Likewiſe the Gerundes and Supines, to auoid theſe ciuill warres, withdrew them alſo from [Page] the Verbes, and fled to the Participles. Theſe things thus appointed, the Participle ſent great gifts to both ſides, to bee always and ſtill in their fauor: and firſt he ſent to the Verbe theſe vndernamed Neuter Paſſiues, to weere, Gaudeo, ſoleo, audeo, fio, prandeo, Coeno, iuro, titubo, placeo, nubo, careo, moereo, poto, taceo, and quieſco. To the King of Nounes hee gaue the ending in Tor and trix. Hee ſent alſo for wages to the hoſte of Verbes an hundreth Waggons of Preter Tences, of Preſent and Future Tences. Item, a thouſand Camels laden with Figures, Simples, Compoſites, and Decompoſites: And to the Noune, he ſent by the riuer Siue, ten ſhippes laden with Nominatiue and Genitiue Caſes, with as many Singular and Plurall Numbers, and a great number of other, Maſculine Genders, Feminines, Neuters, Commons and all. This done, hee held him in his countrey with his men of warre, awayting to whether ſide forture would turne her. In the meane while, theſe two warre-like Kings hauing very well made prouiſion of all things neceſſary to giue battell, awaited nothingelſe then ſome fit occaſion to co [...]mence the Warre. But it chanced [Page] that two of the worthieſt townes of Grammar, (to weete) A, and V, were taken vnappointed by the King of Verbes, albeit that then all townes were indiffe [...]ently ſubiect, and payed equall tribute [...]o both the ſaid kings, as much to the one, as to the other, being moreouer, in no thing more in ſeruice to the one King, then to the other.

When Poeta the king heard this, hee tooke by the like policie three other Towns, E, I, O: The other hearing this, kept them to their ſtrongeſt watch, and keeping their libertie, were common to both parts, whoſe names are, B, C, D, E, G, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, X, Z, and of [...]hem doubtleſſe commeth all the force of Grammer. To either of the Kings were giuen two Dipthongs to bee their trum [...]ets, for they were taught by ſound of [...]rump, to moue the ſpirit of all the Soul [...]iers for to fight, ae, and oe, ſerued▪ to the [...]ing of Nounes: Au, and Eu, to the Verbes. Beſide this, certaine ieaſting or [...]ibing Women followed both the hoſts, [...]hat moued the mindes of the Souldiers [...] ſundry affections: For ſome wept and [...]ewailed the ſlaughter that ſhould bee [Page] among them of Grammar, yea, and that they felt the ſame neere them already, [...] Oh, ah, he, heu, and hei: Other were diſpleaſed, and reproued the contention [...] theſe Kings, as Vah, va, and atat. Othe [...] wondered at ſuch diſſention fallen betweene ſo great friends, as Papae, vah [...] and vah: Other as fooles incited and encouraged the Souldiers to fight, as Ei [...] and Euax. Moreouer all the men of W [...] and Souldiers being well appointed, an [...] ready to enter into the battell, in ſeem [...] good to the King of Verbes that on hi [...] part gladly with all his heart, hee woul [...] withdraw to commence ciuill Warres And to cloake his doing in, or with ſom [...] honeſt manner, wrote a letter to the ki [...] of Nounes, in this tenor:

O Poeta, thou haſt well vnderſtood [...] what appointment and ready ſtrength I [...] come downe to ſhew my ſelfe in the field giue the battell: And againe thou may know that there are not in thee ſufficient f [...] ces able to abide, and withſtand the viol [...] ruſhing in of the legions of my men of War [...] Therefore thou ſhalt doe wiſely, if in leau [...] mee in my eſtate, thou withdraw vnto t [...] territories.

[Page] But if thou bee ſo ſenſeleſſe, that it muſt bee had by the edge of the ſword, then know thou that three dayes hence, I will beeready with mine hoſte in the plaine field to fight, there to receiue thee.

When the Trumpets Au and Eu had giuen their letters to the king of Nounes; Hee anſwered them according to his Councell, in this wiſe:

O Amo, thou euer haſt too many words, but it is now no time to amaſe the eares of the hearers with thy much babling: Thou boaſteſt thy valiant hoſt, & thy fearefull prepared ordinance, as if on our ſide wee had none but Dwarfes and Graſhoppers. Thy poſſeſſion hath euer beene very little in Oration: But yet thy folly leadeth thee thither, from whenc thou mayeſt not flie, vntill with that part of Lordſhip (by thee wrongfully wonne, worſe gouerned, and naughtily retained) thou bee by iuſt warre chaſed out. And for that thou ſhalt know how little, not I onely, but mine, doe waeye thee, and how ſmally wee feare thy threatnings; our Heraldes ae and oe ſhall ſhew thee, their bare buttockes if thou wilt, Farewell, ſuch as I wiſh thee: Adew to the deuill for euer and aye.

By theſe letters the hearts of them poyſoned [Page] one againſt another, did all awai [...] with fiery ſtomacks the laſt aſſigned day of battell. In the meane while, by occaſion of ſuch troubleous time, there aroſe (as commonly doth in ſuch buſineſſe) [...] licence of moſt miſchieuous deeds, and there went forth a company of priuie pilferers through the whole Prouince [...] Grammar, ſeeking their prey, and eſpecially in Wooddie places, and from the hills eſpied the paſſengers, and ſpoiled th [...] Victuallers that went to the Campes Whereby great dearth and ſcarcitie [...] Victualls daily encreaſed in both th [...] hoſtes. By reaſon whereof, certaine wo [...] thy Captaines, with ſufficient number o [...] Souldiers were by the conſent and decree of both Kings, ſent out to ſlay the [...] robbers, or elſe to driue them farre out [...] the land of Grammar. They being com [...] thither, the Souldiers did incloſe a ver [...] thicke wood, where they had vnderſtoo [...] that there were a great number hidden: S [...] they beſet them, that one eſcaped not vn taken. Among whom was a certain fello [...] called Catholicon that draue a great A [...] laden with Greeke & Latine words boun [...] vp together, and carried them into Italie [...]

[Page] Item, an old Dunſe called Ignoramits, with a young yonker ſurnamed Dulman which alſo with a great one-eyed Mule, draue a Waggon laden with falſe and broaken Rules, and fowle Fourmes, not onely of ould Phraſes, but alſo of Latine termes, wherewith hee hoped to bee enriched in the burroughes and townes, ſelling them as pretious things ſet in glaſſe, to make latine of glaſſe, which might haue day ſeene through it. Moreouer this yonker Dulman was found puffed full of falſe pieces of money, and counterfait coyne, being baſe bullion, which hee cauſed to bee taken for good, being of an vntrue ſtampe which hee had, forged, and of the ſaid money hee had filled all the land of Grammar. Likewiſe there was taken a great and greaſie laſie lordane, that made himſelfe bee called Greciſmus, that had made leane all the Victuallers that went to the campe, to ſtuffe a great, foule, rancke, ſtinking, and rotten calues panch with. There was alſo taken one Pylades, that had robbed all the wayes hee went in, and bodily puniſhed as they had merrited, ſome quartered and cut in pieces, ſome burnt in the fire, other [Page] caſt into the dongeons of perpetuall and ſtinking priſons. He that tooke and puniſhed Greciſmus, was a right worthy Captaine called Touſſan or Tuſan: The robberrie of Pylades was diſcouered and debarred by a noble captaine, very well acquainted in the Warres, which was called Iohn of Cuvella, that ſo ſwelled that hee was in perill of the dropſie, but one gaue him a ſhort gliſter, that did bring him in ſlender forme, and more leane & eaſie to be borne then he was. All the reſt of his robberous rabble were deſtroyed, ſlaine and buried in a great and darke dungeon. Catholicon that among them was called the great, was brought to the campe with his Aſſe, who confeſſed on the racke (albeit it were a thing manifeſt) that he had ſtolen all theſe words in the land of Grammar: Then when hee was asked ought in Greeke, hee anſwered that hee vnderſtood not the Greeke, and of the Latine but a very little. Then ſaid the Iudges, wherefore carrieſt thou with thee Greeke words, ſeeing that thou vnderſtandeſt not? Then hee anſwered: there is ſo great ignorance of learning with vs (ſaith hee) that albeit I ſpeak groſſely, yet can [Page] I eaſily make them beleeue that I am through lined in euery corner with all the eloquence of Attica. All they which were there, hearing this, fell in a great laughter, and ſaid: By Saint George, ſeeing that thou haſt ſuch hearers as thou haſt, that which wee know not the due owners of, thou ſhalt carry with ſafe conduct to thy people and nation: But that which wee ſhall know to belong to any, that wee thinke good to bee rendered to the due owners. Then after they had made diligent ſearch, all the Greeke words almoſt were giuen Iſydore, whoſe they were, and the remnant of the Latines; to which buſineſſe was appointed the maſter of the Trench-men, called Calapine, with the courteous Captaine, Anthonie of Nebriſſe. The intermixed, rotten, and ſecret hidden words were giuen him, and ſo they permitted him to goe his way with his Aſſe lighter laden then before: Neuertheleſſe they forbade him at any time euer after, to bee ſo hardy as to call himſelfe a Grammarian, except among the rude and barbarous people. In theſe buſineſſe, one Priſcian, a very renowned man, and of great honour in the land of Grammer, for [Page] that hee could not ſuffer the ſaid land to runne into totall ruine through ciuill war and contention, haſted toward the campe in poſt to make an agreement, and being taken, was ſpoiled and ſore beaten of the feloniſh fellowſhip of Catholicon, and was ſo wounded on the head, that there was no ſalue able to heale him. Shortly after, among theſe fellowes was taken one, who falſely and ſhamefull ſaid that hee was an Hiſtoriographer, and had gathered together a great bundell of Ieaſting fooliſh gaudes in a great volume, called Supplementum Chronicharum, who forced thorow queſtion, confeſſed that all they were ſtollen things: And ſo hee was exiled for euer into the land of Ignorance. As theſe things were doing, certaine of the Verbes anomales, as Sum, voto, fero, with three companies of their hand-maides, made an aſſault and tooke away a priſoner of the captaines of the Nounes named Caeter, which was of the race of Relatiues, and they tooke him hidden with his fellowes in an ambuſh, in what caue I know not, neere to the by-pathway of the Coniu [...]ctions, Quod and Quam, and him they ſlew, with all his Singulars. His Plurals ſeeing [Page] the danger they were in, made a vow to Iupiter, to ſacrifice him the remnant of their goods, and ſo they eſcaped whole and ſound miraculouſly. When tidings hereof were told to King Poeta, hee was maruailouſly moued, and it greatly greeued him to looſe ſuch a Captaine: For this Caeter was very ſtout and full of ſtomacke euen to the vttermoſt, and in feates of warre hee had no peere.

The king of Nounes therefore feeling himſelfe greately endamaged with the loſſe of Caeter and his Singulars, diligently awaited occaſion, whereby hee might render double the like to his enemies. But fortune, who can in all things doe very much, and chiefely in warre, gaue him ſhortly after the way to reuenge him of the wrong. For in thoſe dayes many legions of Verbes of no ſmall authoritie were taken priſoners by certain light horſmen of the Nounes. Among whom was Dice, face, fore, and duce of the bande of the Imperatiues and commanders. From whom through great ignomie was cut aaway by the Kings commandement, the hinder ſkirts of their garments, ſo that they ſhewed their buttocks, and ſo ſent [Page] them away againe, ſo that euer ſince they were called onely Dic, duc, fac and fer. Afterward hee commanded that the priſoners ſhould bee ſlaine, namely Fuo, ſpecio, leo and pleo, whoſe goods were by the king of Verbes giuen to their lawfull children, deſcending of them in line, as Fui, fueram, fuiſſem, fuiſſe, and futurus: And the children of ſpecio, who were a great number, as Aſpicio, conſpicio, and ſuch like: And alſo to them of Leo, and pleo, as Doleo, impleo, compleo, ſuppleo, repleo, expleo, opleo. At the very ſame ſeaſon was bewrayed a great treaſon to the hoſte of the Verbes, how certaine horrible hooreſons of the ſtocke of Preterperfectes, being ſouldiers, to cloake their treaſon, and not to bee knowne, were diſguiſed after the manner of the Greekes, though they were of the Latine tongue, and beeing taken, had two heads. Theſe had conſpired and laid waite for the king of Verbes: but being taken and conuict of the fact, were declared traytours, and condemned of treſpaſſe againſt the King: They were called Momordi, cecidi, cucurri, pependi, ſpoſpondi, pepigi, didici, popoſci, tetuli, cecini, peperi, tutudi, pepuli, fefelli, memini,[Page]pugugi, and tetigi, from whom was cut off one head at that preſent: So that whereas they were before time called, Momordeo, cecido, cucurro, they bee now called, Mordeo, cedo, curro, and ſo of the reſt. From Tetuli were cut off both heads, as well of the Preter, as of the Preſent-tence: Albeit that Terrence through pitie thought to ſimon the ſame againe of the Preter tence with Baulme, but it held not. Now as the time of fighting drew neere, the ſaid kings ſet vp in the higheſt place of their hoſte, a red cloake, to aduertiſe the Souldiers that they ſhould ſhortly ioyne together in fight, that they might prepare and propoſe themſelues thereto, taking their repaſt, and whetting their weapons, might make their munitions ready, with all other things pertaining to ſuch affaires. In the morning, after the Souldiers had dined on both ſides without any noyſe making, the whole hoſte aſſembled to the ſaid place. Then when they had all ranged in battell aray with diſplayed ancients, the ſaid Kings beſought and required their ſouldiers earneſtly to behaue themſelues well and worthily: But it was no neede, ſeeing that [Page] they of themſelues were already fired enough. For all as mad-men ſhooke their Pikes with ſo great and ſtout a ſtomacke, that they cared for nothing but to ſtrike, and awaighted nought but the ſigne of the onſet and alarme: And hereupon hehold, the Trumpets blew the onſet, on both ſides. On the other part the earth reſounded and rang againe, and in both hoſtes were made great ſhoutes and cries, the heads of both hoſtes made great vowes, and euery of them ſtomacked and cheered vp their ſouldiers: Then euery one did what hee could and knew to bee done, they ſtroake together with great handy ſtroakes of Swords, brake their Pikes, that the aire rang againe of the crie of the fighters. In the aire was nothing ſeene but clouds of ſmoake and brimſtone: On both ſides were great ſtoare wounded, and of dead corpeſes plentie. O there was a goodly ſight to ſee the Verbes Defectiues (among the reſt) fighting againſt the Nounes Heteroclites. Theſe Nounes accompanied with their Nominatiue Caſes, with their Genders, alſo with their Genitiues, and Plurall Numbers, did fie [...]cely lay vpon their enemies. The [Page] Verbes Defectiues did ſtoutly and couragiouſly withſtand and put apart theſe Nounes Heteroclites, with their Indicatiues accompanied with their preter-perfect-tenſes, ſo that by their Coniugations they breake through force, the Numbers and Genders of the other.

Oftheſe Verbes, there was one called Aio, who vſing ſingular hardineſſe, did for a long ſpace reſiſt two Nounes Heteroclites ſo long, that in the end being no more able to withſtand their furious forces, loſt diuers of his Perſons, Modes, Tenſes, and Numbers, and then reſted onely vnto him, Ais, ait, aiunt, aiebam, aiebas, aiebat, and aiebant: The reſt paſſed thorow the ſword.

The ayre was obſcured and made dark with the arrowes that the Numbers Singulars and Pluralls ſhot. The ſhot of the Figures Compoſite and Decompoſite, flew whiſtling ſo round, and rightly into the eares of euery one, that they were all as deafe. A great number were hurt by the dartes of the kindes of Primatiues, and Deriuatiues. The Trumpets likewiſe that went on euery ſide, ſounded a fearefull Taratantara; ſo that the ſound thereof encouraged [Page] the fighters maruailous full of ſtomacke and hardie, to beare the blowes and ſturdie ſtripes of their enemies. And in the mideſt of theſe, troublous rayling Women, the Interiections that went about the arayes, vexed and ſore troubled them all, through their mouing and fickle affections: Among whom for the moſt part were often heard theſe pitifull and dolorous cries, Heu, and hei: oh, ah, eh. Notwithſtanding this warre was more fierce and cruell then long in fighting, and had it not beene for great aboundance of raine, that through a ſuddaine ſtorme and tempeſt which fell from the clouds, euen at that preſent made the medly to depart and breake off, then doubtleſſe had there beene an end of all the forces of Grammar. Such and ſo great was the furious rage that they had euery one of them, one againſt another, yea vntill that point, that albeit the Trumpets ſounded the retreate on both ſides, and they al greatly encombred with the water, neuertheleſſe could they be vnmingled and ſeparate aſunder one from another, to returne againe to their colours: The victory abroad doubtfull and vncertaine, neither was it knowne [Page] of any, whether had the better or the worſe, for on both ſides there was a maruailous many, as well of ſore wounded as of ſlaine, not onely of common Souldiers, but alſo of high and chiefe Captaines. It is not poſſible for any to tell the great loſſes that were there on both ſides: Notwithſtanding I will endeauour to ſhew plainely and manifeſtly, and in the onlieſt manner I can, that which ſome did win or loſe there (though I cannot ſay of euery one in particular) this will I doe, to this end, that they that come after may bee better aduiſed. Firſt the part of the Verbes Defectiues, Infit, loſt all them that were deſcendent from him, all his Genders, Tenſes, Moodes, Perſons and Numbers, that were of the fourth Coniugation, of Figure Compoſite, and of the Singular number. He himſelfe eſcaped ſafe, for ſeeling himſelfe in perill, hee made a vow, that of no kind of religion, godly, or otherwiſe, hee would after any more beare the liuerie: And therefore hee was at that brunt ſo ſore affrighted, that ſince hee hath beene very ſeldome ſeene publikely in the land of Grammar. Fore was bereſt and robbed of all his goods, except Fores, foret, and fore, [Page] which are of the third Coniugation, Vale, aue, ſalue, of the kindred and ſtocke of the Imparatiues (loſt a great many of their fellowes) which are yet liuing, the reſt were loſt. Faxo, of the ſame ſtocke of Actiues, eſcaped only with three of his, all the reſt of his band after him were ſlaine, except faxis, faxit, and faxint, who ſaued themſelues with him by flight. Inquio, of the ſtocke of the Neuters, kept Inquis, inquit, inquiunt, inquam, inquies, inquiet, inquient, inque, and inquam: The reſt periſhed in the Warres. Inquiens at that time was with the Participles, and ſo eſcaped. Apage, and apagite, when they had loſt all their fellowes, eſcaped alone. Diet, loſt alſo all his fellowes, except dieſcit. Facio was put from his ſonne factor, who notwithſtanding before hee died, did conſtitute by knightly teſtament an heire, Fio: poſco, diſco, metuo, timeo, renuo, reſpuo, compeſco, vrgeo, linquo, and all they of the race of the Actiues, loſt their Supines. Some Verbes loſt their Preter-tenſes of the third Coniugation, and in place of them they after recouered the Preter-tenſes of the fourth Coniugation; among whom was Cupio, peto, quaero, arceſſo, faceſſo, and fero. [Page] Some Verbes, hauing loſt their Future in am, to the end that they would not hence forth wholly loſe the hope that was to come, bought other Futures in Bo, at the Fayers of Recanetum, as Eo, queo, and vaeneo: But Horace by his authoritie gaue to Lenio, lenibo. All Verbes belonging to beautie loſt all their Supines, among whom was Luceo, fulgeo, ſplendeo, polleo, and ſuch like. Fulcio vſing a ſingular hardineſſe eſcaped out of perill, and held his fultum: But ſeeing wee haue recounted and told of them that receiued loſſe, it is not meete to hold of no account theſe Verbes, that behauing themſelues well and worthily, had both ſpoiles and dignities, which they receiued of their King, beſide theſe others that they firſt had and enioyed, among other were eleuate and ſet vp in great honour, Cano, curo, careo, moereo, nubo, and prandeo, for beſide their owne Preter-tenſes, they receiued alſo the Preter-tenſes of the Paſſiue voice. Redimo was enriched in his Fiue Tenſes of nature, and at that preſent obtained foure Significations, as to deliuer, to leade and gouerne, to decke and ornate, and to take to ferme. Solor wonne three ſignifications, as to bee alone, [Page] and to comfort and exhort. Explicat, beſide his owne ſenſe, which is, to explicat and ſhew forth plainely, receiued, that he might declare, ſhew, that he might draw, that he might repreſent and deliuer. Valco, beſide his owne ſenſe, which is to bee in health and whole, wan ſo much, that when hee ſaid vale, that hee might ſalute alſo and ſometime curſe too. Preſto had foure ſignifications, as, to lend, and to be aloft, to doe good, and hold promiſe, with diuers other ſignifications. Haurio was as much inriched, for he had foure ſignifications, as to draw out, to wound, to heare, and ſee, and diuers other ſuch like: and all they when need is, are reduced into one. Paſco receiued two vnderſtandings, to feed and bring vp. Vaco, albeit he medled not much among the fighters (for as Socia ſaith in Plautus, the fiercer they fought, the faſter he fled) neuertheleſſe, fortune that oftentimes giueth reward to the ſlothfull, would enrich his cowardiſe with the beſt of the ſpoiles: for as he eſpyed certaine of his enemies that were fled and gone away, he crept out of his Cabin and cloaked them in his fiſt: who after bought them againe with a great ſumme [Page] of ſiluer, and he wan beſide his owne former ſenſe, ſeuen other, to weete, to vnderſtand, to leaue of, to ſerue, to be ſuperfluous, to be lawfull, not to haue, and to be empty. Studeo wan three ſignifications, as to ſolicite, to deſire earneſtly and to bee very painefully buſied. Pango receiued three ſenſes, as to ſing, and hath giuen him panxi in his preter-tenſe to make truces, and hath giuen to pepigi to faſten and ioyne together. Sapio from that day had two ſenſes, to weete, to giue knowledge, and to be wiſe. Fero, one of the foure annomales gained three ſenſes, as to vphold, to deſire, and to beare. Confiteor had three ſenſes, to praiſe, to purge, and to make manifeſt. Supero receiued ſeuen ſenſes, by reaſon of the great authority that hee had among the Verbes: as to remaine in part, to ouercome, to bee neere, to goe further, to eſcape, to ouerliue and exceed. Some Verbes there were, which hauing loſt their owne preter-tenſes, had of their king the goods of other Verbes Paſſiues which were ſlaine at the battell: as Audeo, Fido, Gaudeo, Soleo, and Fio. Theſe peſtiferous and perillous [Page] perillous lying Verbes, which always haue in their heart and minde, other then in the mouth, albeit they had no part of the prey, yet ought not they and their names to bee left in obliuion, but ſpoken of, to the end that euery one might know them, and ſo beware: Seeing that alwayes vnder the colour of a cloake of the actiue, they beare the paſſiue voice: They are called exulo, veneo, nubo, liceo, and vapulo, This laſt of all is the moſt wylie and ſubtilleſt: and therefore ſo much wiſer as the boy is, ſo much the more heede will hee haue to decline his wylie ambuſhes, If hee haue good care to keepe his poſteriors. Now ſeeing wee haue already ſhewed as well as wee are able, that which happened to the Verbes, it ſeemeth good in our accompt that wee ſpeake alſo of Nounes. Ouerſight was made in and thorow the hoſte of the Nounes, and it was found how fortune had beene as much diuerſe to one part as to another, and to the end that wee begin by the poſitiues, there was certaine of them, that being hurt in their Comparatiues, receiued dreſsing and cure through the diligence of certaine expert Phiſitians, as melior, minor, dexterior, ſiniſterior,[Page]plus, magnificentior, and muneficentior, all Irregular, and deſcending of the ſecond Declenſion. But Pius, arduus, egregius, tenuis, and ſuch-like, loſt their owne Comparatiues. The Nounes ending in er, loſt imus, in their Suparlatiues: And for the ſame they had rimus, as tener and ſaluber. To others for that they had loſt ſimus was giuen limus, as Humilis, facilis, gra [...]dis, ſimilis, agilis, and to vetus, was giuen veterrimus.

Among Trees were certaine Nounes, that quitting themſelues manfully, by a ſuddaine myracle changed altogether at once their kinds, becomming of females, males, every one aſtonied at the ſuddaine caſe, demanded whence came ſuch tranſformation to them: Of them were rubus and oleaſter, which Liuius ſaith were euill and vnluckie tokens, and therefore affirmed hee that they ought to bee caſt into the botome of the Sea, or elſe to bee exiled out of the land of Grammar. But the King Poeta ieaſting at the fond ſuperſtition that they had in the miracles, did pro [...]ibite all and euery of them, to harme, or any way to hurt them, ſaying that it was not an euill ſigne or vnhappie accident to [Page] bee changed from women into men: ſaying that out of a naughtie and crooked kind▪ they were turned into a good and better. From certaine Nounes Hetroclites, fighting againſt the Verbes Defectiues, were cut away both cods and cullion in the Plurall number, ſo that afterward there was in that Number neither man nor woman but chaſt Neuters: which doubtleſſe is a thing greatly to bee pittied. Their names were Sibilus, Auernus, Infernus, Menalus, Supparus, Baltheus, Tartarus, Dindymus: Other had better chance, for when in the ſame Number they were Neuters, were glad forthwith to ſee them become males: as Porrum, raſtrum, frenum, and coelum. But the ſaid porrum and raſtrum, as they went thorow Rome, found in the markets of Agon [...] their Neuter Pluralls, and there the [...] bought them againe with a great ſumm [...] of money, and giuing leaue to the males, loued better to hold them to them there, Balſamum among all Nounes and trees abode onely a Neuter: By reaſon whereof ſeeing that hee could not beget nor bring forth young, is in ſo great ſcarcitie, th [...] hee is no where ſeene, but in the land o [...] [Page] Iuda, which is the cauſe (as ſorrowfull) he yeeldeth his fruite all in teares: As for other Nounes that were bereft of their Plurall Neuter, receiued the Feminine for amends, as Epulum, oſtreum, veſper, and cepe. But trueth is, of all creatures, the Oyſters only were Neuters: But aboue all authours, Plinie, and the Poets hold them for Neuters: Wherefore Ouia ſaith thus: Oſtreaque in co [...]chis tuta fuere ſuis, ſo that afterward they gaired ſo, that they became as much Feminine as Nenters: others that were of the Doubtfull gender, receiued the Maſculine in their Plurall number, as Cardo, bubo, and ſuch like: Other that were ſpoiled of all their Caſes Plurall, abode euer ſince diſmembered and maymed; among whom were Fumus, imus, fimus, puluis, ſanguis, mundus, pontus, ſol, ſal, and vnus, all of the Maſculine gender. Hardly is ſeene any time more then one Sun in the firmament, but when it happeneth ſo, it is not naturall, but rather wonderfull: likewiſe alſo certaine Femi [...]ines loſt their Plurall Caſes, as Lux, ſitis, [...]bes, mors. vita, fames, tabes, gloria, fama, [...]alus, pax, humus, lues, tellus, ſenecta, ſobo [...]es, inventa, indolis, and proles.

[Page] Theſe fought ſo feebly in the hoſt,

That all their Pluralls there they loſt.

Other Feminines loſt at the ſaid conflict their Singular Number, as Argutiae, habenae, bigae, blanditiae, cimae, delitiae, exequiae, excubiae, exuviae, phalerae, facetiae, g [...]nae, gades, inſidiae, induciae, calendae, lachrymae, latebrae, minae, and many other. Other Neuters were ſpoiled of all their Pluralls, as Coenum, foenum, aeuvm, ſolum, pus, and virus: Furthermore, other were put from all their Singular numbers; as Arma, caſtra, exta, cunabula, crepundia, paſcua, moenia, mapalia, magnalia, ilia, ſeriaprae, coma, precordia, and ſponſalia, yea and alſo all the names of Feaſts, as Saturnalia, Dioniſia, Aphrodyſia, Bacchanalia, Floralia, and Neptunalia. Theſe vaine Nounes, which alwayes doe ſay many, and ſignifie one onely, hauing loſt all their Singulars, ſaued themſelues by flight, as Venetiae, Piſae, Cuinae, Athenae, and Thebae. All the names of Mettalls, eſpecially Aurum, and Argentum, which euery one laboureth to take Priſoner, Auricalcum, plumbum, ferrum, and ſtannum loſt their Pluralls. A [...] hadly retained hibaera. In like mann [...] for the greate heate and alteration of the [Page] combat, the meaſures were ſpoiled of the Plurallitie of their liquors, except of Wines and Honies, which in the Plurall Caſes were ſpared, to the end that they might doe king Poeta ſeruice with new Wines, for that hee loued them well. Oleum, and frumentum, by like misfortune were ſo gluttonous, that thorow the great ſcarcitie that was in the hoſte, they were not found in Plurallitie. Other abroad, ſhortened in the end of their Genitiues, and Datiues plurall, as Iura, thura, aera, maria, and fora. Yet neuertheleſſe all Nounes had not the worſe part; for di [...]ers of them had of the ſpoile of their enemies: by reaſon whereof they were of greater authoritie then before: ſo that ſome receiued other Nominatiue caſes beſide their former: As Arber, which alſo [...]ath arbos: Honor, which hath honos: O [...], which hath odos: Cucumer which hath [...]eumis: Ciner which hath cinis; and Pul [...]er, which hath puluis. Notwithſtanding [...]ey occupie not the [...]e alwayes, but keepe [...]is ſhare for high Feaſts, as for trim and [...]ce dreſsing for honours ſake. Plaga, al [...]it through hurting hee bled, yet wonne [...]e foure other ſences without account of [Page] the firſt (that ſignifieth a Wound or hurt) as when you would ſay, the Arming coard of a nett, alſo a great ſpace of the Heauen and earth (called Clima) alſo a great kind of Linnen, ſuch as the old matrons of Rome weare when they goe in the Citie, and alſo for a bed, or any part of a bed; Opus the ſame day wonne other thre ſenſes: for Opus ſignifieth earth: Vnder Ope hee giueth Ayde, vnder Opibus, Riches. The The Gerundes and Supines, becauſe they were ſo often fled to the enemie, were amerced to fine, after peace was made betweene both the ſaid Kings, through the earneſt complaint and ſupplication of Demoſthenes, who alledged the lawes of Solon, by which it was commanded, that ſuch were to bee put apart from all honour, and Offices, that in any ſedition had not held that part of the one nor the other: For that ſuch a one thinketh altogether of his owne buſineſſe, and reckoneth not of the Common wealth: The greateſt part of them in the land of Grammar liued after the lawes of Athens. Afterward therefore the King of the Nounes left to the Gerunds no more but onely three caſes, taking away from them for the treſpaſſe [Page] of their default all their other Caſes. To the Supines, onely were reſerued but two: which greatly greeued all the inhabitants of Grammar, ſharpely blaming ſuch a ſort of fooliſh precepts of Solons lawes, as much as the fond reaſons of Demoſtenes, whom they ieaſted at, ſaying, that he had left his cunning at home, his diſtaffes, bands and wool, and that he had not fained the diſeaſe of the throate in vaine, to haue yeerely reueneues and preferrement: be [...]auſe hee hoped not to haue ſo mu [...]h money of the Gerundes and Supines, as be ſometime had of Harpalus. Surely if I would deſcribe foorth all the loſſes and misfortunes orderly as they ought to be, and alſo all the conqueſts of the worthineſſe of euery one that changed in that day, my matter would bee too long: and therefore I will heere make an end: And this may ſuffice, that whatſoeuer is found loſt, waſted, or ioyned to, and growne vp through all the land of Grammar and his borders and vtter limmits, is wholy proceeded through the ſame hard, hideous, and mortall ſight among them. In the ſame time of the Warres, ſprang vp many new words, and ſundry old were [Page] put apart & reiected. And had not three honeſt perſons been choſen for arbitrators (of whom wee ſhall ſpeake by and by) which by their power and abillitie withſtood the naughtineſſe of certaine Grammatiſtes, or ſlender Grammarians, ſo great Barberouſneſſe had then beene ſo mixed through the Latine tongue, and the ſame then bin ſo mingled with fooliſh wordes, that all hope had beene loſt euer to reſtore the ſame againe to his honour, and comely beautie. Therefore after that the Retreate was ſounded of both the hoſtes, and that they had numbred as well the wounded as the ſlaine, and knowne the great loſſe that was of both the hoſtes, they all began to fall on ſighing: and the ſight of ſuch a ſlaughter of their people greatly grieued them, through deſire of ſuperioritie. Wherefore euery of them repenting, ſought now nothing elſe then to make peace.

And firſt of all Poeta King of Nounes, after hee had called his Souldiers together (but not without teares) ſaid theſe words: I thinke well that you know (O my fellow Souldiers) how dolefully, and againſt my will, I haue taken armes to defend and [Page] vphold the honour (as I thought then) and the authoritie of the Nounes, againſt our brethren the Souldiers of the Verbes, and by how many wayes I haue aſſayed to deferre and put off long betweene vs the warres, that they might leaue vs quiet in our eſtate. But when I thinke not onely of our owne loſſe, but alſo of theirs: Againe when I behold the dead corpſes on both ſides, I haue greater deſire to lament then to ſpeake. Therefore it behoueth vs to remember that, which ſome of our good old Citizens and Burgeſes wrote of the diſcord and ciuill Warres, as well of the Romanes as the Greekes, and how with great reproaches they blame and deteſt the ambition of them. In trueth if wee had thought of this at the firſt, wee neuer had gone to ſo great folly, neither had wee alſo (as blinded with anger and rage, frantickely and as void of reaſon) torne our propper fleſh ſo with our owne hands as wee haue: That which is done and paſt, is eaſier to bee reproued then amended: Neuertheleſſe it is better to ſtay thus, then to follow on a naughty beginning: For if wee will bee ſo mad as to continue fighting amongſt our ſelues, doubtleſſe then is the principalitie of Grammar vtterly come to confuſion, and then ſhall bee [Page] made ſo great an exceſſe and entrie into the ſame, to the Barbarous and ignorant people, that they onely will rule all, there being none to reſiſt them, or preuent them. By reaſon whereof (O my fellow ſouldiers) for the commoditie of both Realmes, I am willingly determined to make peace with the King of Verbes, and of mine owne free will, will goe toward him, and giue him mine hand. Notwithſtanding, thinke not that I ſpeake thus becauſe I haue loſt ſtomacke, or that I am timorous; but becauſe there is nothing more ſure, that the affaires of the Nounes and Verbes can continue, vnleſſe they bee friends tigether, knit and quiet in one: Of my ſelfe I doe mine office, not doubting but that I teach you that; which ſerueth to the continuing benefit and commoditie of euery one in generall, being ready willingly to doe what your will is.

This profitable Oration, and no leſſe neceſſary ſaying of the King, greatly pleaſed all the aſſembly, and all the crew of the Souldiers cried aloud, deſiring that that which the King had ſo wiſely ſpoken, might bee as diligently done. So there was ſent into the campe of the Verbes for Ambaſſadours certaine of the wiſeſt and [Page] chiefeſt of the Nounes: who hauing firſt made without much difficulty a truce, finally came in ſuch agrement with the king of Verbes, and his greateſt Lords, that three perſonages ſhould bee choſen, which ſhould bee exactly ſeene, and haue vnderſtanding in all cuſtomes, rules and termes of Grammar: and that to their award and arbitrament (by ſolemne oath being ſworne thereto) both parties ſhould hold them, and their reſt; without any contradiction. Great was the difficultie, and much more was the diſputation, to whom the charge ſhould bee giuen to make the treatie of the peace. Many procured meanes to haue the ſame office on them, and to diuers was the voice giuen, and other againe tooke it from them: In the end it was agreed by Priſcian, Linacrus, and Deſpauterius, that Lilius ſhould haue the charge and authority to knit and make ſure the Articles of the peace: who being ſent for, came to the campe, and hauing there heard the reaſons on both ſides, and diligently waighed all the buſineſſe; In the end pronounced this ſentence.

To the Kings of Grammar, to their [Page] Gentlemen, to their Citizens, and all Students good happe and commoditie bee that which now is diſcuſſed. Whereas wee were deputed to take away the contentious diſorders, to put apart all the ſlanders, wrongs and domages that heretofore haue come vpon the Kings of Grammar, and their ſouldiers, all which wee reuoke, take away, and blot out: which if they may not bee forgotten, at the leaſt our decree is, that they bee neuer hereafter more ſpoken of.

Item, That henceforth when a ſolemne Oration commeth to bee made, that both the Kings of Grammar in good agreement with their ſubiects come together, as Verbe, Noune, Pronoune, Participle, Aduerbe, Coniunction, Prepoſition, Interiection.

Item, Wee appoint that in common and familiar ſpeach, the Noune and the Verbe only doe beare the burden, taking for their helpe whether of them they will, but to leaue the other by, to the end that being put too often in worke, they bee not moleſted.

Item, Wee ordaine that the Noune ſerue to the Verbe, and when hee goeth formeſt as touching the caſe, ought alſo to be gouerned of the Verbe, but in ſpeach that the Noune [Page] bee before the Verbe, and the ſame being after, ought therefore to gouerne the Noune touching his Caſe: but concerning his Perſons and Numbers, the Verbe ought to giue [...] place to the Noune, Pronoune, or Participle.

Item, Wee appoint the Participle beare remembrance of the Nounes and the Verbe, and haue the gouernment of the Verbe before him firſt, and that of the Noune after him laſt.

Furthermore we permit the Verbe, where neede is to make an O [...]ation himſelfe alone, in the firſt and ſecond Perſon, and alſo in the third Perſon in certaine Verbes of action always notwithſta [...]ding vnder the authoritie of the Noune, but not expreſſing the ſa [...]e.

This ſentence was giuen and publiſhed in the preſence of both parties, and it pleaſed very well all the aſſembly, and hath ſince euer beene obſerued of all the inhabitants of Grammar. Alſo the Vniuerſities haue approued it: The Vniuerſitie of Paris obſeruing the reſt, craued then for her Students, that they might pronounce Nounes and Verbes at their pleaſure, and that without any regard of the quantitie of ſillables. But becauſe betweene the Relatiues [Page] and Antecedents, betweene the Adiectiues and the Subſtantiues, betweene the word gouerning, and gouerned, betweene the determined, and alſo betweene perfect ſpeach and imperfect was an old quarrell, ſtriuing whether of them were chieſe and greateſt: It was alſo concluded to ioyne them in vnitie, that the Relatiue of ſubſtance identitiall, ſhould agree in Gender, Number, and Perſon, with his Antecedent.

Item, That the Adiectiue ſhould obey to his Subſtantiue in Caſe, Gender, and Number: and that the gouerned word ſhould follow the gouerning: and that the Relatiue of the accident ſhould onely repreſent the Antecedent in ſuch accident or propertie, in what manner the referred, and the referrent agreed by rule of diuerſitie with the Anticedent: and that the ſpeach imperfect ſhould depend vpon the perfect; and the ſpecifying, of the ſpecified, and betweene two Adiectiues, two ſubſtantiues, two Verbes of the Infinitiue mode, two perfect ſpeaches, and betweene two imperfects to bee no bond of ſeruice. Furthermore the ſaid William Lillie would, that betweene ſayings and doings might bee made a peace and agreement: but the aduice [Page] was, that if that diſcord were once taken away, the Barbor-ſurgeons and Tauerne-keepers would haue little to doe: wherefore they left that thing euen as they found it. All ſtudents of Ignorance, with theſe buſſards of Barbary, Ignoramus and Dulman his Clearke, were by commandement exiled for euer out of all Grammar; and all falſe Latine was euer after confiſcated to their vſe. The Barbarous were chaſed bayond the Alpes into their Cities and Borrough-townes: But the Ignorant through the fauour of ſome Princes, are bred not onely in and thorow Italie, but alſo in Rome, the mother of good letters: and there whether ſhee will or no, doe they continue, among whom there are ſome being purueied of fatt Prebends are obſerued ſo dull-headed and doltiſh, that if yee aske them Amo quae pars? They will ſay, parlate Italiano chio vt intenda, ſo much in aſſery they ſurpaſſe in ignorance the great Mules whereon they are ſo highly got vp. Moreouer there was giuen irrecouerable power to the deputed by the ſtrong and firme counſell of them all to ſearch out, to punniſh, and exile (as monſters of nature) all [Page] euill-fauoured corrupters of Grammar, as halfe Latins, halfe Greekes, and they to doe all things that they thought to bee profitable to the honor and aduancement of all good letters. And to the end that they might the eaſier and more lightly execute their charge, there were commanded forthwith certain Rules to be drawne vp, which were accordingly done; and now there is peace on both ſides, euery one knowes his place, as you may more at large perceiue by the Orders eſtabliſhed; where I leaue you: FAREWELL.

A Lamentation vpon the Con [...]lagration of the Muſes Habitation: Or a Diſcription of the burning of a Pettie Schoole.

[Page]

VVHat heat of learning kindl'd your deſire,

You Muſes ſons to ſet your houſe on fire?

What loue of Honor in your breaſt did turne,

Thoſe ſparkes of Vertue into flames to burne?

Or wa'ſt ſome higher cauſe, were the hot God's

[...]hoebus and Vulcan, (old friends) now at ods?

What ere the cauſe was, ſure ill was th'intent:

Which all the Muſes iuſtly may lament.

[...]ut aboue all [...]or name ſake Polaehimney,

[...]ewayles the downefall, of this learned Chimney.

Where you might ſee, without or ſpeech or ſence:

[...]ay the ſad aſhes, of an Accedence.

What Numbers heere of Nounes to wracke did goe?

[...]s Domus Liber, and a many moe.

[...]woefull Caſe, no Sex the flames did ſpare,

[...]ach Gender, in this loſſe had Common ſhare,

[...]ere might you ſee the rufull Declinations,

[...]fifteene Pronounes and foure Coniugations.

[Page] Some Gerunds, Di, but ſome Do over come,

And ſome with heate & ſmoke, are quite ſtrook Dum.

Supines, lay gaſping vpward, voyd of ſences.

The Moodes were mad to ſee Imperfect Tences.

Aduerbes of Place, threw downe their lofty ſtories:

As Vbi, Ibi, Illic, Intus, Foris.

Coniunctions, ſo diſioyn'd, as you would wonder:

Noe cupling ſcarſe, but it was burnt aſunder.

The Praepoſiti [...]ns, knew not where to bee.

Each Interiection, cry'd Heu woe is mee.

FOr the Due ioyning of the thinges againe,

A Neighbour called Qui mihi, came amaine.

Elſe ſure the Fire, had into flames ſo turn'd:

Gods, Men, Months, Rivers, Winds, and all had burn't

Now gan the flames the Hetroclites to cumber:

And poore Supellex, loſt his Plurall number.

Of Verbs, ſcarce had eſcaped one of twenty:

Had there not bin by chance As in preſenti.

Information about this book

Title statement

The grammar warre. Or The eight parts of speach, noune, pronoune. verbe, participle, aduerbe, coniunction, preposition, interiection, altogether by the eares Together with the lamentable burning of a petty schoole.Bellum grammaticale. English

Guarna, Andrea.

Edition statement

1635

Publication

Publisher

Text Creation Partnership,

Place of publication

Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :

Date

2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A72221

ID [STC]

STC 12421

ID [STC]

ESTC S122613

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

99899083

ID [PROQUEST]

99899083

ID [VID]

150627

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(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A72221)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 150627)

Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1960:1)

Source

— The grammar warre. Or The eight parts of speach, noune, pronoune. verbe, participle, aduerbe, coniunction, preposition, interiection, altogether by the eares Together with the lamentable burning of a petty schoole., Bellum grammaticale. English, Guarna, Andrea., Spencer, John, d. 1680, attributed name., Hayward, William, fl. 1570-1576., I. S..

Extent

[72] p.

printed by Robert Raworth, for Thomas Spencer,. London :: 1635.. (A translation by William Hayward of: Guarna, Andrea. Bellum grammaticale.) (Editor's preface signed: I.S., i.e. John Spencer?.) (The words "noune, .. participle," and "aduerbe, .. interiection," are bracketed together on title page.) (Signatures: A⁴ B-C¹² D.) ("A lamentation upon the conflagration of the Muses habitation: or a discription of the burning of a pettie schoole", last leaf, is in verse.) (Reproduction of original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, California.)

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