Anglia rediviva being a full description of all the shires, cities, principal towns and rivers, in England : with some useful observations concerning what is most remarkable ... : to which is prefix'd a short account of the first origine of our nation, of its being conquer'd by the Romans, as also the occasion of the Saxons and Danes first entring England / collected from the best historians by Mr. Dunstar.

Anglia rediviva being a full description of all the shires, cities, principal towns and rivers, in England : with some useful observations concerning what is most remarkable ... : to which is prefix'd a short account of the first origine of our nation, of its being conquer'd by the Romans, as also the occasion of the Saxons and Danes first entring England / collected from the best historians by Mr. Dunstar.

Table of contents

§

Title page

To the HONOURED Sir Thomas Twiſden, In the County of Kent, BARONET.

Anglia Rediviva.

The Names of the Shires in England.

§

Cornwall, Danmonii.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Devonſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Dorſetſhire, Durotriges.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Somerſetſhire, Belgae.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Wiltſhire, Belgae.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Hampſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Iſle of Wight.

Barkſhire, Attrebates.

§

REGNI.

Surrey.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Suſſex.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Kent, Cangi.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

§

Gloceſterſhire, Dobuni.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Oxfordſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Buckinghamſhire, Cattieuchlani.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Bedfordſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Hertfordſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Middleſex, Trinobantes.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Eſſex.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Suffolk, Iceni.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Norfolk.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Cambridgeſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Huntingtonſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Northamptonſhire, Coritani.

The Prinicipal Towns are theſe.

Leiceſterſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Rutlandſhire.

The Principal Town is▪

Lincolnſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Nottinghamſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Derbyſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

§

Warwickſhire, Cornavii.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Worceſterſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Staffordſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Shropſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Cheſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

§

Herefordſhire, Silures.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Radnorſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Brecknockſhire.

The Principal Town is

Monmouthſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Glamorganſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Weſt-Wales.

Caermardhenſhire, Dimetae.

The Principal Town is

Pembrokeſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Cardiganſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

§

North-Wales.

Montgomeryſhire, Ordovices.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Merionethſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Caernarvonſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Iſle of Angleſey, or Mona.

Its Principal Town is,

Denbighſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Flintſhire.

The Principal Town is

§

Yorkſhire, Brigantes.

Weſt-Riding.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Eaſt-Riding.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

North-Riding.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Durham.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Lancaſhire.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Weſtmorland.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

Cumberland.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

The Picts Wall.

Northumberland, Ottadini.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

ERRATA.

A Table of the Ancient Inhabitants of ENGLAND.

A Table of the Counties in England and Wales.

A Table of the Cities and Principal Towns in England and Wales.

Books Printed for Chr. Coningsby.

Books Printed and Sold by D. Midwinter and T. Leigh, at the Roſe and Crown in St. Paul's Church yard.

§

[Page]

[Page]

A DESCRIPTION Of all the Shires, Cities, and Towns, &c. IN ENGLAND.

§

[Page]

[Page]

Anglia Rediviva; Being a full DESCRIPTION Of all the Shires, Cities, Principal Towns and Rivers, in ENGLAND.

With ſome uſeful Obſervations concerning what is moſt Remarkable, whether in relation to their Antiquity, Situation, Buildings, Traffick, or Inhabitants.

To which is Prefix'd, A ſhort Account of the firſt Origine of our Nation, of its being Conquer'd by the Romans As alſo the occaſion of the Saxons and Danes firſt entring England.

Collected from the beſt Hiſtorians By Mr. DUNSTAR.

Vincit amor Patriae.—

Virg.

London: Printed for T. Bennet at the Half Moon in St. Paul's Church-yard; C. Coningsby at the Turk's Head in Fleetſtreet; and D. Midwinter and T. Leigh at the Roſe and Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard. 1699.

To the HONOURED Sir Thomas Twiſden, In the County of Kent, BARONET.

[Page]

[Page]

SIR,

THE deſire I always had to ſerve You, encouraged me to prefix Your Name to this following Treatiſe.

[Page] Which being Collected from the beſt of our Engliſh Hiſtorians, whoſe Writings You have frequently converſed with, I preſum'd that what was here ſo compendiouſly Digeſted, would revive in Your Mind ſome remarkable Obſervations, not unworthy Your remembrance.

You have here, SIR, a ſhort view both of the ancient and preſent ſtate of England; as alſo an account of the moſt memorable Battels, annex'd to the places near which they were Fought. I have ſpar'd for no Pains and Induſtry to make it Perfect, I being earneſtly deſirous that it might in ſome manner Merit Your Favour and Eſteem; which being once gain'd, would be a great means in engaging others (who are ambitious [Page] of emulating Your Example) to receive it kindly.

How happy I have been in this Performance, the Reader can beſt determine; this I am ſure of, That if Learning and Senſe, Wit and Humour, join'd with an Addreſs that is every way becoming and agreable, are accompliſhments fit to recommend a Gentleman, All thoſe who know You, and thoſe who are to know You, will applaud my Judgment in chuſing You for my Patron.

Be pleaſed then, SIR, to afford a kind Reception to theſe my firſt Offerings; let the fulneſs of my Joy for Your ſafe return amongſt us, plead in my behalf, and make an atonement for the Faults You will here meet with. Give me leave to hope that this [Page] ſhort Deſcription of Your own Country, which cannot but be very dear unto You, may find ſome place among thoſe excellent Remarks which You have ſo lately made Abroad.

SIR, ſince the greatneſs of Your Quality forbids me to come near You as a Friend, Permit me to Subſcribe my ſelf with all imaginable ſincerity,

SIR,

Your moſt Humble Servant, S. DUNSTAR.

Anglia Rediviva.

[Page]

UNDER the Title of ENGLAND we comprehend the better part of one of the beſt and greateſt Iſlands of the whole Earth; which together with that of Scotland, is generally term'd both by Ancient and Modern Writers, Great Brittain, or Albion. It is bounded on the North with the Hyperborean Ocean; on the Weſt with the Vergivian, or Weſtern Ocean, which parts it from Ireland; on the South it is divided from France with the Engliſh Channel; and on the Eaſt it is ſeparated from Germany, Belgium, and Danemark, with the Brittiſh, or as ſome call it, the German Ocean.

[Page] It is in length from Berwick in the North, to the Iſle of Wight in the South, 375 Miles, whereof 73 make a Degree; and from Dover in the Eaſt to the Lands-end in the Weſt, about 328; in compaſs 1300. In ſhape it is Triangular, it having Three Promontories ſhooting out into divers parts, viz. the Cape of St. Burien in Cornwall, the Foreland of Kent, and the Point of Catneſs in Scotland; it contains according to Mr. Morden's computation, near 30 Millions of Acres, being about the 1/1000 part of the Globe, and the 1/ [...]33 part of the Habitable World.

Its Air is Temperate, the Cold in Winter being neither ſo extream, nor the Heat in Summer ſo vexatiouſly ſcorching, as in ſome parts of the World, which have either a more Southern, or Northern Scituation.

The whole Country is exceeding Fruitful, 'tis Bleſs'd with all the Commodities of Heaven and Earth; it has Corn in abundance; it is rich in Paſture; it hath innumerable quantities of Cattel; plenty of Wild and Tame Fowl, and variety of all ſorts of Fiſh.

The People are Bold and Warlike, very Tenacious of their Liberty, of a Generous and Noble Diſpoſition; ſee what the Ingenious Mr. [...] ſays of them in his late Poem.

[Page]

See, in the Ocean yon fair Weſtern Iſle,

Whoſe Three ſharp Points th' inſulting Waves divide!

See with what beauteous Rivers 'tis ſuppli'd!

How rich the happy Fields thro' where they glide!

Well knew the Old Phoenicians that bleſt place:

Enur'd to Pain, there lives an hardy Race;

Daring as Virtues ſelf for Conqueſt made:

Peace but their Recreation, War their Trade.

Jealous of Liberty they Chains refuſe;

Fair Death before Inglorious Life they chuſe:

Force cannot bend, but Kindneſs may improve,

And mildly melt their generous warmth to Love.

Book the 3d. C. 1147.

As concerning its Name and its Firſt Inhabitants, Hiſtorians have left us in ſo great an uncertainty, that we ſcarce know what to reſolve on; but we need not wonder at ſo great an Obſcurity, if we conſider that the Firſt Inhabitants of Countries had other Cares to employ their Thoughts, than to deliver their Beginnings to Poſterity; and poſſibly had they been never ſo willing ſo to do, they could not have effected it, ſeeing their Life was ſo uncultivated and void of all Literature, that it was almoſt impoſſible for them to preſerve the Memory of things, and to make over the ſame to ſucceeding Ages.

[Page] Beſides their Druides and Bardi, who Rehearſed and Sung the Actions of their Heroes, not only like other Heathen Prieſts Monopolized that little Learning they had wholly to themſelves, and were by this means the only Perſons ſuppos'd to be able to give an account of what was paſt, thought it not lawful to Write any thing.

Nor indeed have we any better account of ancient times, even in thoſe Civiliz'd parts of the World, wherein Learning chiefly flouriſhed, when a profound Ignorance overſpread the face of Greece its ſelf, as well as other Nations; for if we would take the pains to enquire ſtrictly into the matter, we ſhall there find as much darkneſs and obſcurity as to their Original, as in theſe our European Parts.

What Fabulous Stories would the ſubtle Greeks impoſe upon us if we had the Faith to believe them? Who (as a Learned Father of our Church affirms) had not learn'd to ſpeak plain truth till the World was about 3173 Years old; for ſo it was when the Olympiads began.

If we would enquire further into the Succeſſion of the Latins, and would take the trouble to examine the two firſt Dynaſties the firſt before Aeneas's coming into Italy and the ſecond of the Aeneadae after; fo certainly it will be ſufficient ground to queſtion [Page] the account of times before, if in the third Dynaſty, when the Succeſſion ſeems ſo clear, and ſo certain an Epocha as the Building of Rome to deduce their accounts from, their Chronology be yet uncertain; for ſeveral of their beſt Hiſtorians make no ſcruple to confeſs, That no certain account can be given of Rome, which was 25 Years after the Olympiads, and but 752 Ante Chriſtum, till the Regiſugium, which was 268 Years Ante Chriſtum 384.

A fair account then we are like to expect concerning the firſt riſe of our own Nation, after ſo many revolutions of Ages, wherein Truth ſeems, as it were, more and more to have withdrawn her ſelf from us; which to trace out, we muſt again return to the Romans, who are the beſt able to ſatisfy us in this caſe,

This is moſt certain, that the account of Times before the Romans, either in Italy, Germany, Old Gallia, or Brittain, is ſcarce ſit to be diſcourſed of under any other Head, than that of Impoſtures; not that I think that theſe Nations had lain in a perpetual ſleep till the Romans rous'd them with their Swords, and waken'd them, as I may ſay, into ſome kind of Civility; but that they had no certain uniform way of conveying the Tranſactions of their own, and former times, to the view of Poſterity.

[Page] On which account we may very juſtly reject all thoſe pretended Succeſſions of Gomer and Brute, as Fabulous; as alſo that this Iſland was Inhabited by Giants; with a great many other, I know not what, pretty Stories, adapted to the Ignorance of thoſe times.

However, all Hiſtorians agree in this, That it is highly probable that the firſt Inhabitants of this Iſland were Originally deſcended from the ancient Gauls, (that part of the World being long Inhabited before this) which is ſufficiently apparent from the reſemblance of their Government, Manners, Conditions, Buildings, Habits, and the Community of their Language, which is the ſureſt proof a Nations Original.

As for its Name, the moſt probable Conjecture is, That it was termed Brittain from Brit, which in the ancient Brittiſh Language ſignifies Painted, and the word Tain, which denotes a Nation; agreeable to the Cuſtom of the ancient Brittains, who uſed to diſcolour and paint their Bodies, that in their Wars they might ſeem more Terrible to their Enemies.

We are inform'd by Julius Caeſar in his Commentaries, That it was Governed at firſt by ſeveral petty Rulers and Princes, of different Intereſts and Counſels: He Landed [Page] in Brittain, A. M. 3095. or thereabouts, but was repuls'd by C [...]ſſibelan, a Bold and Warlike Prince, who was Choſen King, or rather Generaliſſimo, by the Unanimous Conſent of the other Roytelets, to repel the common Enemy.

He afterwards made ſeveral Inroads into it, but without any great Succeſs; he in the end being forc'd to leave it to the Government of its own Kings. Auguſtus, Tiberius, and Caligula, ſeemed with good Advice to have neglected it; but in the Reign of the Emperor Claudius, Plautius the Praetor,A. C. 43. and after him Oſtorius, ſubdued a great part of it.

Nero being Emperor, Suetonius his Lieutenant gained a memorable Victory over Bonduce, A. C. 57. the Wife of Praſutagus, King of the Iceni: After which time the Romans ſtill gaining ground, the Iſland was at laſt totally Conquered in the Reign of the Emperor Domitian, A. C. 82. and by his Command firſt made a Province under Agricola, who much about that time ſubdu'd Scotland and Ireland.

The Romans after they had kept it in Subjection ſeveral Hundred Years, were upon the Northern Nations ſacking Rome, 4 [...]. under the Command of Alaricus, [Page] King of the Goths and Vandals, recalled by the Emperor Honorius; at which time Brittain being left in a manner naked and deſtitute of help, the Picts and Scots preſently invade it: The Brittains after they had repelled them for ſeveral Years, being at length much weakned, they Counſel their King Vortigern to call the Saxons to their Aſſiſtance; by whoſe Aid under the Commands of their Captains Hengiſt and Horſa, they overcame their Enemies in a pitch'd Battel near Stamford in Lincolnſhire. They rewarded the Saxons for this Victory, firſt with the Iſle of Thanet, and afterwards with the whole County of Kent; who growing daily more Powerful, diſpoſſeſſed at length their Benefactors of their Native Habitations;A. C. 689. ſo that in the Reign of Cadwallader, the laſt of the Brittiſh Kings, they were compleat Maſters of the whole Iſland, parcelling it out into ſeven Kingdoms, generally called the Saxons Heptarchy.

The Saxon Kings ſtriving amongſt themſelves for Sovereignty, were at laſt, after they had Ruled ſeparately 129 Years, reduced under ſubjection by Egbert King of the Weſt-Saxons, A. C. 818. who cauſed this Land to be called England, by a Parliament held at Wincheſter.

[Page] From Egbert, England continued under the Government of its own Kings, till the Year 1017, which was 199 Years; about which time Edmund, ſurnamed Ironſide, being Murther'd, (the Danes having for a long time infeſſed our Coaſts, hoping to ſucceed as the Saxons before them had done) Canutus King of Denmark ſeiz'd into his hands the Regal Government.

The Daniſh Kings having Rul'd England 29 Years, Edward the Confeſſor, the Brother of Edmund Ironſide, ſucceeded in the Kingdom, A. C. 1046. who out of the Saxon, Mercian, and Daniſh Laws, Compil'd one Univerſal Body of the Law, from whence our Common Law is thought to have its Original. He Reigned 20 Years, and died A. C. 1066. to whom ſucceeded Harold; who having Reigned near a Year, was ſlain in a pitch'd Battel near Haſtings in Suſſex, A. C. 1067. by William the Conqueror; from whom begins the moſt exact Computation of the Kings of England.

Thus much I thought neceſſary to give the Reader ſome inſight into the firſt Ages of our Nation, which I have endeavoured to perform in as conciſe a manner as the Subject could poſſibly admit of. I ſhall now proceed in the Deſcription of England, as it ſtands divided by King Alfred into Shires or Counties; which I have placed in that order [Page] as they are afterwards Treated of; beginning with the Learned Cambden; Firſt, in the furtheſt Weſtern Parts, and ſo from thence paſs over the other Countries in order; imitating herein (as he judiciouſly Obſerves) Strabo, Ptolomy, and others the moſt ancient Geographers; who always begin their Deſcriptions in the Weſtern Countries, as being firſt from the firſt Meridian.

The Shires of England are generally computed to be 39, to which if we add 13 more in Wales, reckoning the Iſle of Angleſey to be one, the whole makes 52. 6 of which were firſt Ordained in the Reign of Edward the Firſt, A. C. 1280. the reſt were conſtituted in the Reign of Henry the VIIIth by a Parliamentary Authority, An. Dom. 1510.

The Names of the Shires in England.

[Page]

Cornwall.

Devonſhire.

Dorſetſhire.

Somerſetſhire.

Wiltſhire.

Hampſhire.

Barkſhire.

Surrey.

Suſſex.

Kent.

Gloceſterſhire.

Oxfordſhire.

Buckinghamſhire.

Bedfordſhire.

Hartfordſhire.

Middleſex.

Eſſex.

Suffolk.

Norfolk.

Cambridgeſhire.

Huntingtonſhire.

Northamptonſhire.

Leiceſterſhire.

Rutlandſhire.

Lincolnſhire.

Nottinghamſhire.

Darbyſhire.

Warwickſhire.

Worceſterſhire.

Staffordſhire.

Shropſhire.

Cheſhire.

Herefordſhire.

Radnorſhire.

Brecknockſhire.

Monmouthſhire.

Glamorganſhire.

Caermarthenſhire.

Pembrokeſhire.

Cardiganſhire.

Montgomeryſhire.

Merionethſhire.

Carnarvonſhire.

Iſle of Angleſey.

Denbighſhire.

Flintſhire.

Yorkſhire.

Biſhop. of Durham.

Lancaſhire.

Weſtmorland.

Cumberland.

Northumberland.

§

Cornwall, Danmonii.

[Page]

IN Latin Cornubia; it lieth moſt Weſtward of all Brittain, and ſhooteth into the Sea with little Promontories in manner of an Horn; it hath on the North ſide the Severn Sea; on the Weſt, the Vergivian, or Weſtern Ocean; on the South, the Brittiſh Channel; and on the Eaſt, Devonſhire: Both which Counties were in ancient time Inhabited by the Danmonii, which Name is thought to have been given them from the Mines of Tin which abound in this Place.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Penſance, a very pretty Market-Town, near which is that famous Ambroſe Stone, which being a great Rock, is advanced upon ſome other of a leſſer ſize with ſo equal a Counterpoiſe, that a Child may ſtir it with a puſh of a Finger, yet a great number of Men are not able to remove it from its place.

2. Falmouth, an Haven as noble as Brunduſium its ſelf in Italy; 'tis able to receive an Hundred Ships ſo apart from each other, that neither can ſee the others Maſts; 'tis defended from the violence of the Wind by the many riſing Banks with which it is [Page] enclos'd; 'tis fortified on the Eaſt with the Caſtle of St. Maudit, and on the Weſt with the Fort Pendinas.

3. Foy, a Town renown'd in former Ages for the many Sea Engagements which have been fought near it; 'tis pleaſantly ſeated on the Banks of the River which bears its Name; near the Haven it hath ſeveral Bulwarks rais'd for its defence by Edward the IVth. A. D. 1460.

4. Padſtow, the Situation of this Town is very commodious for Traffick with Ireland, to which Men may eaſily Sail from hence in 24 Hours.

5. Launſton, a proper little Town, Situate upon the pitch of an Hill; remarkable upon the account of the Common Goal of the Country, and the Aſſizes being kept there.

6. Bodman, a Town of great reſort, Situate between two Hills, and lying out in length Eaſt and Weſt; its Inhabitants Populous, Beautiful in its Buildings; famous in ancient times for the Biſhops See being kept there, which in the Daniſh Wars was remov'd to St. Germans.

7. Leskerd, a Town ſeated on the top of a very high Hill, much frequented for its Market, and renown'd for an ancient Caſtle which ſtands there.

Devonſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Davonia; it hath Cornwall on the Weſt, on the South the Brittiſh Channel, on the Eaſt it is bounded with Dorſetſhire and Somerſetſhire, and on the North with the Severn Sea; it is a Country enrich'd with very good Mines, eſpecially towards the West; it hath commodious Harbours on both ſides of it; it is adorn'd with pleaſant Meadows and great ſtore of Woods; and is throughout repleniſhed with fair Towns and beautiful Buildings.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Plimouth, a Port Town, ſeated near the Rivers Plime and Tamar, which meeting near this place fall together into the Ocean; of ſo great a repute, that for the number of its Inhabitants it may be compared with a City; ſuch is the commodiouſneſs of the Haven, that it admitteth into its boſome the greateſt Ships without ſtriking Sail; before the midſt of its mouth lieth the Iſle of St. Nicholas, Fortified both by Art and Nature; the Haven hath likewiſe Fortifications on each ſide, and is Chained over when there is an occaſion; upon an Hill near adjoining it hath a fair Caſtle [Page] for its defence; the Town is divided into Four Wards, over which a Mayor was ordain'd by King Henry the VIth. An. Dom. 1430.

2. Dartmouth, a Port Town ſeated on an Hill near the River Dartmore; it hath two Caſtles for its defence; and by reaſon of its commodious Haven is much frequented by Merchants, and furniſhed with very good Shipping. It hath oftentimes bravely defended it ſelf againſt the French, but eſpecially in the Reign of Henry the IVth. An. Dom. 1404.

3. Torbay, a ſafe Road and Harbour for Ships; near it is a little Village called by its Name.

4. Exeter, Exonia, Iſca; a City of great Traffick, much frequented by Merchants, ſituated on the East Bank of the River Ex, upon a little Hill, gently ariſing by an eaſy aſcent to a pretty heighth, the Pendant whereof lyeth East and Weſt; 'tis environ'd about with Ditches and very ſtrong Walls, having many Turrets orderly interpoſed; 'tis in Circuit a Mile and an half, having Suburbs running out a great way on each ſide; it containeth 15 Pariſhes, hath a Caſtle called Rugemont, the Seat of the Weſt-Saxon Kings, and afterwards of the Earl of Cornwall, which at this day is commendable for little elſe but its Antiquity [Page] and Situation; 'tis beautified with a ſtately Cathedral, founded in the Reign of Henry the 1ſt. An. Dom. 1110. it hath been thrice Beſieg'd, but hath always bravely defended its ſelf: Firſt by Hugh Courtney Earl of Devonſhire, in the Civil War between the Houſes of York and Lancaſter; then by Perkin Warbeck, that Young imaginary pretended Prince, who feign'd himſelf to be Richard Duke of York, Second Son to Edward the IVth. Thirdly, by ſeditious Rebels of Cornwal, An. Dom. 1549. at which time the Citizens endured ſo great a Famine, that for Twelve Days together they were forced to Eat Horſes, and to make Bread of coarſe Bran moulded in Cloaths, till they were at length reliev'd by my Lord Ruſſel and Gray, who forced the Rebels to raiſe the Siege; upon which King Edward the VIth for a reward of their Loyalty, gave the Mannor of Evyland to this City; the Civil Government of which is in the Power of Twenty four Perſons, out of whom there is from Year to Year a Mayor Elected; who with Four Bailiffs has the ſole Command of the City.

5. Bediford, a Town of good reſort, famous for a Stone Bridge with Arch'd Work, where it windeth its ſelf into the River Taw.

[Page] 6. Axminſter, a Town renown'd in ancient Hiſtory for the Tombs of the Saxon Princes, ſlain in the Battel of Brunabrug.

Dorſetſhire, Durotriges.

THE Latin Name Dorceſtria; it is bounded on the North with Somerſetſhire and Wiltſhire, on the Weſt with Devonſhire, and ſome part of Somerſetſhire; on the South it lieth open for 50 Miles to the Brittiſh Ocean; On the Eaſt it hath Hampſhire. The Soil of this Country is very fruitful; the North part is overſpread with Woods and Foreſts; and from thence adorn'd with an innumerable many pleaſant Paſtures and fruitful Vallies.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Burport, a little Town plac'd between two ſmall Rivers, remarkable for its yielding the beſt Hemp, and for the skill of the Inhabitants in making Ropes and Cables for Ships, thoſe of the Navy being formerly twiſted there.

2. Weymouth, a little Town join'd to Kings-Melcomb by a Bridge, famous in regard of its Haven; it is grown of late [Page] much greater than it formerly was by Sea-Adventures.

3. Dorcheſter, Durnovaria, the Head Town of the whole Shire, yet it is neither great nor beautiful, being deſpoil'd by Sueno King of Danemark, about the Year of our Lord, 1013.

4. Shirburn, 'tis pleaſantly ſeated on an hanging Hill, and is the moſt remarkable and beſt frequented Town in all this Country; it gaineth exceedingly by Clothing; Anno Dom. 704. an Epiſcopal Seat was Erected in this place by Aldeme the Firſt Biſhop there Conſecrated; it was afterwards remov'd to Sarisburg, Shirburn being kept in reſerve for a retiring place.

5. Winburn, a fair Town ſeated on a piece of an Hill between Two Rivers; 'tis large in Compaſs, repleniſhed with Inhabitants, but few fair Buildings, except that its Church claims our obſervation, upon the account of the Sepulchre of Ethelred King of the Weſt Saxons who lieth there Interr'd; however it retaineth even to this day divers tokens of the Majeſty of the Romans.

Somerſetſhire, Belgae.

[Page]

COmitatus Somerſettenſis, is bounded on the North with the Severn Sea; on the Weſt it confineth on Devonſhire; on the South it bordereth, firſt upon Devonſhire, and then upon Dorſetſhire; on the Eaſt it hath Wiltſhire; and North-Eaſt a part of Gloceſterſhire: It is a large and wealthy Region; the Soil of which is very rich, yielding exceeding plenty of Corn and Paſture; 'tis very Populous, and ſufficiently furniſhed with commodious Ports and Havens.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Taunton, a proper Town, pleaſantly ſituated, 'tis reputed to be one of the Eyes of the Shire.

2. Bridgewater, a great and populous Market-Town, agreeably ſituated near the Banks of the Severn Sea, and is by ſome thought to have been ſo called from the Bridge and Water which is near it.

3. Bruiton, a Town memorable for little elſe than that the Noble Family of the Mohuns is here Entomb'd; unleſs we mention the late extraordinary Proceſſions which the Women of the Town made on the Concluſion of the late Peace.

[Page] Near this place was Founded the Abbey of Glaſtenbury, fetching its original even from Joſeph of Arimathea, who Enterr'd the Body of our Saviour: In the firſt Age of the Primitive Church, very Holy Men applied themſelves diligently to the Service of God in this place, who were maintained by an Allowance from Kings, they Inſtructing Youth in Religion and in the Liberal Sciences; theſe Men embrac'd a Solitary Life, that they might the more quietly ſtudy the Scriptures; till at length Dunſtan, a Man of a ſubtle Wit, when he had once by an Opinion of his Holineſs and Learning, wound himſelf into an Acquaintance with Princes, he brought in the Benedictine Monks, he being made Abbot of the Convent, after that he had obtain'd from the hands of many good Princes a Royal Revenue. When they had flouriſhed 600 Years, they were diſpoſſeſſed by King Henry the VIIIth. the Monaſtry being raz'd even to the ground, nothing now but the Ruines appearing of it.

Arthur the Brittiſh Worthy is thought to have been Buried in this place.

4. St. Philips Norton, a large great Market-Town, ſo nam'd from a Church Conſecrated to St. Philip.

5. Welles, a Town ſo nam'd from the Springs found in it; like as Suſa in Perſia, [Page]Croia in Dalmatia, and [...] in Macedonia; for multitude of Inhabitants, and for ſtately Buildings, it juſtly challengeth the Preheminence of this Province: It hath a noble Market-place, ſuſtain'd with Columns, as alſo a ſtately Church and Colledge Endowed with many rich Livings and Revenues; the Church throughout is very beautiful, but eſpecially the Fronteſpiece thereof at the Weſt end is a Maſter-piece; the Cloyſters adjoining to it are likewiſe very fair and ſpacious.

6. Bath, an ancient City, ſo called from the Baths in it; beautified throughout with very fair and noble Buildings for the receipt of Strangers; 'tis ſeated in a low plain, environ'd about with Hills of an equal height, out of which certain pleaſant Streams of freſh River Water continually deſcend into the City, to the advantage and comfort of the Citizens; within the City Three Springs of Hot Water boil up of a Blewiſh or Sea Colour, ſending up from them thin Vapours, and a kind of ſtrong Scent, by reaſon that the Water is drill'd and ſtrain'd through Veins of Brimſtone, and a clammy kind of Earth called Bitumen; which Springs are very Medicinable, and of great Virtue to Cure Bodies overcharg'd with Corrupt Humours; for they open the Pores, reſolve, attenuate, digeſt, [Page] conſume, and draw forth Superfluities, and at the ſame time ſtrongly heal and dry the whole Habit of the Body.

In the Reign of Henry the Iſt. A. D. 1110. Johannes de Villula being Elected Biſhop of this place, tranſlated his See to Bath, ſince which time the Two Sees growing into one, the Biſhop beareth the Title of both, and is called the Biſhop of Bath and Wells.

7. Briſtol, this City ſtandeth partly in Somerſetſhire, and partly in Gloceſterſhire; it is ſufficiently defended both by Art and Nature, being ſituated on the meeting of the Frome and Avon, not far from the influx of the Severn into the Ocean; a City exceeding Populous and exceeding Cleanly, there being Sinks made under ground for the conveyance of all the filth and naſtineſs into the Rivers. It hath Twenty Churches, reckoning the Cathedral and that of Ratliff into the Number; the Cathedral was firſt Built by Robert Fitz-Harding, Son to one of the Kings of Danemark, An. Dom. 1248. and honoured with a Biſhops See by King Henry the VIIIth. Anno Dom. 1542. The principal Building, next the Church, is an ancient Caſtle, of ſuch great ſtrength, that Maud the Empereſs having taken King Stephen Priſoner, thought this the ſafeſt place to ſecure him in; 'tis furniſhed with all things neceſſary for Man's Life, that, next [Page] after London and York, of all the Cities of England it may juſtly challenge the chief place; 'tis ſo commodiouſly ſeated for Trade and Traffick, that the Haven admitteth Ships with full Sail into the very boſome of the City; which hath drawn People of many Countries thither; the Citizens are for the moſt part rich Merchants, who Traffick all over Europe, and make Voyages even to the remoteſt known parts of America.

Wiltſhire, Belgae.

IN Latin Wintonia, is enclos'd with Somerſetſhire on the Weſt, Barkſhire and Hampſhire on the Eaſt, on the North with Gloceſterſhire, and on the South with Dorſetſhire and a part of Hampſhire. 'Tis a Midland Region, plentiful in all things, and for its variety, pleaſant and delightful.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Malmsbury, a fair Town, famous for Clothing; not far from hence dwelt Aldeme, a very Learned Man; he was the firſt of the Engliſh Nation that wrote in Latin, and [Page] the firſt that taught Engliſhmen the meaſures of a Latin Verſe.

Primus ego in patriam mecum (modo vita ſuperſit)

Aonio rediens deducam vertice Muſas.

Geer. Lib. 3.

2. Chipenham, a large Town of great note for a Market kept there; 'tis pleaſantly ſeated on the River Avon.

3. Edindon, a ſmall Town, remarkable for Clothing; here King Alfred in a memorable Battel moſt fortunately Vanquiſhed the Danes, reducing them to ſuch Extremities, that they all Swore, in a ſet form of Oath made for that purpoſe, immediately to depart from England.

4. Trubridge, a fair Market-Town, of great repute for the great number of Clothiers which Inhabit it; it ſheweth the remains of a Caſtle belonging to the Dutchy of Lancaſhire.

5. Werminſter, a Town very remarkable for a great Corn Market, which is kept Weekly here, and exceedingly much frequented; it being almoſt incredible to relate what great numbers of people reſort to it.

6. Wilton, formerly the head Town of the whole Shire; 'tis a place well watered, but is now fallen to decay through the [Page] Biſhop of Salisbury's turning away the paſſage that lay through it into the Weſt Country.

7. Salisbury, Sorbiodunum, or Sarum, a City well Inhabited, ſeated on the River Avon, which watereth every Street of it; 'tis plentiful in all things, but eſpecially in Fiſh; 'tis adorned with a very ſtately Market-place, wherein ſtandeth their Common-Hall, made of Timber, a very Beautiful Building: It is particularly famous for its Minſter, which has Three hundred ſixty five Windows, Twelve Gates, and as many great and ſmall Pillars as there are Hours in a Year; nor is its Cloyſter for largeneſs or Workmanſhip inferior to any in England.

8. Marlborough, a fair large Town, pleaſantly ſituated, and well frequented; in this Town King Henry the IIId held a Parliament.

N. B. Toward the North, about 6 Miles from Salisbury, is to be ſeen an huge and monſtrous piece of work, Inſana Subſtructio; for in the circuit of a Ditch, there are erected in form of a Crown, in three ranks one within another, certain large, mighty, unwrought Stones, whereof ſome are Twenty eight foot high, and Seven broad, which are ſo artificially, or rather [Page] wonderfully plac'd one upon another, that the whole frame ſeemeth to hang; 'tis much wonder'd at, both from whence they were brought (the Country affording none ſuch) as alſo by what means they were ſet up: Some have thought them to be no Natural Stones, but Artificially made of pure Sand, and of ſome unctious matter incorporated together. Pliny tells us, that the Sand of Putcoli covered over with Water, becometh forthwith a very Stone; which if true, our Conjecture is the more probable; it ſeeming to confirm what Hiſtorians tell us, That they were erected by the Britans in Memory of Ambroſius Aurelianus, who was Slain here by the Saxons as he was Fighting manfully for the Defence of his Country.

Hampſhire.

IN Latin Hamptonia, is bounded on the Weſt with Dorſetſhire and Wiltſhire; on the South with the Brittiſh Channel; on the Eaſt it hath Suſſex and Surrey; and on the North Barkſhire. 'Tis a ſmall Province, fruitful in Corn, furniſhed with well grown Woods, abounding [Page] with Paſture, and for Sea Commodities rich and happy.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Ringwood, a Town in ancient times of great Fame, but now little better than other good frequented Market-Towns.

2. Chriſt-Church, a Town ſo named from a Church therein Dedicated to Chriſt; 'tis ſeated between two Rivers; it was Fortified in old time with a Caſtle, and Beautified with an ancient Church and Twelve Prebendaries, endowed with conſiderable▪ Rents and Revenues; which continued in great repute till the time of King Henry the VIIIth.

3. Southampton, a Town ſo named from its ſituation; 'tis ſituated in a very commodious place between two Rivers; for a great number of fair Built Houſes much renown'd; for Inhabitants and concourſe of Merchants Wealthy; fenced round with a double Ditch, ſtrong Walls, and Turrets ſtanding thick between; for the defence of the Haven, it hath a ſtrong Caſtle of ſquare Stone, caſt up upon a Mount of great heighth; ſeveral of the Roman Emperors Coins are now and then digged up here, which ſufficiently ſhew the Antiiquity of this place.

[Page] Memorable it is, for that Canutus the Puiſſant King of England and of Denmark▪ rebuked a Sycophant in this Town, who flattered him, That all things in the Realm were at his Command. He ordered his Chair to be ſet upon the Shore when the Sea began to flow, and then in the preſence of many he ſaid unto the Sea as it flowed, Thou are part of my Dominions, and the ground on which I ſit is mine, neither was there ever any that durſt Diſobey my Commands, and eſcape Unpuniſhed; wherefore I charge thee, that thou come not upon my Land, neither wet the Cloaths and Body of thy Lord; but the Sea flowing on ſtill without any Reverence of his Perſon, wet his Feet; then he retiring back ſaid, Let all the Inhabitants of the World know, That vain and frivolous is the Power of Kings, and that none is worthy of ſo ſacred a Name, but He to whoſe Command the Heaven, Earth, and Sea, by bond of an everlaſting Law are Subject and Obedient; after which he never put his Crown upon his head.

4. Alrefford, a fair Town, ſtanding on the bank of the River Alre, it hath a very ſpacious Market-place, built by Lucy Biſhop of Wincheſter, An. Dom. 1220.

5. Wincheſter, Wintonia, formerly the Seat-Royal of the Kings of the Weſt-Saxons, a City adorn'd with ſeveral Magnificent Churches, as alſo with a Biſhop's See; it [Page] hath been oftentimes defaced both by Fire and other Misfortunes, but it ſeems now perfectly to have recovered its ſelf; Edward the IIId appointed in this place a Mart for Wool and Cloth, which was generally called the Staple; it is well Peopled, hath plenty of Water, and containeth about a Mile and an half in Circuit within the Walls; as concerning the round Table in the Hall of this City, vainly fancied by ſome to have been King Arthur's, any man that vieweth it well, may eaſily perceive that it is not ſo ancient. This City ſlouriſhed in the time of the Romans, in which the Emperors of Rome ſeem to have had their Houſes of Weaving and Embroidering, peculiar to their own Perſons and Uſes.

6. Portſmouth, a Port Town ſtrongly Fortified both with a Wall and Block-Houſes, a Gariſon being continually kept in Pay for the defence of it; 'tis ſituated on the very mouth of the Haven, and is always, but eſpecially in time of War, well frequented, as being more favourable and better affected to Mars and Neptune than to Mercury.

7. Baſingſtoak, a Market-Town well frequented, ſituated on the deſcent of an Hill, on the North ſide of which ſtandeth a very fair Chappel, Conſecrated to the Holy [Page] Ghoſt, by William the firſt Lord Sands, who was Buried there.

Iſle of Wight.

VEcta Inſula; it belongeth to, and is oppoſite to Southampton; from Eaſt to Weſt it ſtretcheth out near 20 Miles in length, and ſpreadeth in the midſt, where it is broadeſt, 12 Miles, the place of greateſt repute is

1. Newport, the chief Market-Town of the whole Iſle; it hath ſeveral Caſtles and Block-houſes for its defence.

Barkſhire, Attrebates.

IN Latin Barcheria; on the North part 'tis ſever'd from Oxfordſhire, and afterwards from Buckinghamſhire by the River Iſis; on the South it beareth towards Hampſhire, where the River Kenet cutteth through it, till it runs into the Thames; on the Weſt 'tis bounded by Wiltſhire; and on the Eaſt by Surrey: On the Weſt part it hath plenty [Page] of Command Fruit; but on the Eaſt part, where it conſineth with Surrey, the Soil is very barren and unfruitful.

1. Farendon, a Town ſeated on a riſing ground, famous for a Market kept there, but in times paſt for a certain Fort which Robert Earl of Gloceſter Built, and defended againſt King Stephen, who having won it by many bloody Aſſaults, levelled it to the ground, ſo that now it is not to be ſeen.

2. Abington, a Populous Town, pleaſantly ſeated on the plain of an Hill, ſince the Year 1416. in which King Henry the Vth Built a Bridge over the River, and turned the Kings high-way hither to make a ſhorter paſſage; it began to be ſo frequented, that it is now the chief Town of the whole Shire; it is famous for its great Trade in Malt.

3. Wallingford, in old time it was compaſs'd about with Walls, it had a very large Caſtle ſituate upon the River, which was thought to be invincible; it was oftentimes Beſieged by King Stephen, but all in vain. This Town was ſo diſpeopled by reaſon of a grievous Peſtilence, which happened in the Year 1348, that whereas before it was well Inhabited and had Twelve Churches, it can ſhew now no more than One or Two.

[Page] 4. Newbury, a famous Town raiſed out of the Ruins of Spine, which was formerly a place of great repute; it is ſituated in a champion plain, being watered throughout with the River Kenet; 'tis well Inhabited, and is very remarkable for its Trade in Clothing.

5. Reading, a Town famous for fair Streets, well built Houſes, as alſo for the Riches of the Townſmen, and for their Name in making Cloth; it hath loſt the greateſt Ornaments it had, viz. a beautiful Church, and a moſt ancient Caſtle, which was razed by King Henry the IId, becauſe it was a Refuge for King Stephen's followers.

6. Maidenhead, a large ſpacious Town, fill'd with good Inns for the reception of Strangers; it is well frequented.

7. Windſor-Caſtle, 'tis ſituated on an Hill that riſeth with a gentle Aſcent, and enjoyeth a moſt delightful Proſpect round about; on the front it overlooketh a ſpacious Vale; behind it ariſe Hills every where, neither rough nor high, ſo that 'tis dedicated, as one would ſay, to Hunting-Game; it was Built by King Henry the Iſt, An. 1100. and enlarg'd by King Edward the IIId, who was Born here; 'tis in bigneſs equal to a pretty City, Fortified with Ditches and Bulwarks made of Stone; in this place [Page] King Edward the IIId Inſtituted the Noble Order of the Garter, to increaſe Virtue and Valour in the Hearts of his Nobility; or, as ſome report, in honour of the Counteſs of Salisbury, of which Lady the King had formerly been Enamour'd. The Garter was given to it in Teſtimony of that Love and affection wherewith the Knights of it were bound one to another, and all of them jointly to the King as Sovereign; there are of it Twenty ſix Knights, of which the King of England is always Chief; the Enſign is a Blew Garter Buckled on the Left Leg, on which theſe words are Embroider'd, Honi Soit, qui mal y Penſe; about their Necks they wear a Blew Ribbond, at the end of which hangeth the Image of St. George; upon whoſe Day the Inſtallations of the new Knights are commonly Celebrated.

§

THeſe Regions which I have hitherto Deſcrib'd, viz. of the Danmonii, Durotriges, Belgae, Attrebatii; when the Saxons Rul'd in Brittain, fell to the Kingdom of the West-Saxons; who under the Command of their King Egbert, United the Engliſh Heptarchy into a Monarchy; which afterwards, [Page] through the Cowardiſe of their Kings, ſoon vaniſhed. For after this the Danes brake in upon the Northumbers, and though often Vanquiſhed, yet being as often Victorious, they at laſt ſeiz'd on the Monarchy of England; which was ſometime held by the Danes, ſometimes by the Saxons, till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold, and eſtabliſhed the Monarchy; which hath ever ſince continued in a Succeſſion of Twenty eight Princes, down to our Gracious Sovereign King William.

REGNI.

NEXT unto the Attrebatii Eastward, thoſe Regions which we commonly term Surrey, Suſſex, with the Sea-Coaſt of Hampſhire, were Inhabited by the Regni.

Surrey.

IN Latin Surria; is bounded on the West by Barkſhire, and Hampſhire; on the South by Suſſex; on the East by Kent; on [Page] the North 'tis Water'd by the River Thames, and by it divided from Middleſex. It is a plain and Champion Country, yielding Corn and Forage in abundance, eſpecially towards the South.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Farnham, a Market-Town, ſo named from the great quantity of Fern growing near it; near this place H [...]nry of [...] erected a noble Caſtle, which being afterwards demoliſhed by Henry the IIId, was again rebuilt by the Biſhops of Wincheſter.

2. Guildford, a Market-Town well frequented, full of fair Inns; in old time it was a Royal Manſion of the Engliſh Saxon Kings.

3. Kingſton, a Market-Town well Inhabited, famous in old time by reaſon of a Caſtle therein belonging to the Clares, Earls of Gloceſter; it took its name from a little Town which ſtood near it; in which when England was almoſt ruined by the Daniſh Wars, Athelſtan, Edwin, and Etheldred, were Crowned Kings in the Market-place.

4. Richmond, a Town very beautiful and glorious in reſpect of its Buildings, famous for the Death of ſeveral Kings, but in particular of that moſt Mighty Prince King Edward the IIId. Here alſo Died Ann, Wife [Page] to King Richard the IId, Daughter to the Emperor Charles the IVth, who firſt taught Engliſh Women the manner of ſitting on Horſeback, which is now in uſe, whereas before they rode very unſeemly aſtride as Men do. Memorable it is likewiſe for that King Henry the VIIth, and Queen Elizabeth of glorious Memory, yielded unto Nature in this place.

5. Croidon, a Market-Town well frequented, whoſe Inhabitants gain to themſelves great advantages by ſelling of Char-Coal.

6. Lambeth, a Town famous in former times for the Death of Canutus the Hardy, King of England, who there Revelling with his Lords, amidſt his Cups yielded up his Breath; but at this time 'tis much frequented by reaſon of the Archbiſhop of Canterbury's Palace which is in this place.

7. Southwark, the moſt famous Market-Town and place of Trade in all this Shire; 'tis ſo large and populous, that it gives place to few Cities in England; in the Reign of King Edward the VIth it was annexed to the City of London, and is at this day reckoned as a part of it.

Suſſex.

[Page]

IN Latin Suſſexia; is bounded on the Weſt by Hampſhire; on the North by Surrey and part of Kent; on the Eaſt by Kent; on the South it lieth upon the Brittiſh Ocean; on the Sea-Coaſt it hath many green Hills of an exceeding heighth, called the Downs, which ſtanding on a Chalky ſort of Mould, yield great plenty of Corn; the middle part of it is adorn'd with Meadows, Corn-Fields, and Groves, which afford a delightful Proſpect.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Chicheſter, a City well Inhabited, having very fair and regular Buildings, the Streets croſſing one another exactly in the middle, in which is erected a fair Stone Market-place, ſupported with Pillars round about; it hath a very ſtately Cathedral; the Biſhop's See is kept here; 'tis encompaſs'd almoſt round with the Lavant, which falls not far off into the Sea; it was Built by Ciſſa King of the South-Saxons, A. C. 514.

2. Arundel, a good frequented Market-Town, memorable for a magnificent ſtrong Caſtle Built near it, belonging to the Earl of Arundel.

[Page] 3. Lewis, a fair Town, ſeated upon a riſing Ground, which for its greatneſs and multitude of Inhabitants, is reputed one of the Chiefeſt Towns in all this County; famous it is for the bloody Battel between King Henry the IIId and his unruly Barons, An. 1263. in which the King loſt the day, upon Prince Edward his Son's purſuing a Troop of the Enemy too far, which he had firſt routed by his Valour.

4. Haſtings, one of the Cinque-Ports, the Landing-place of the Normans, famous for the overthrow of King Harold in the Fields adjoining; 'tis Inhabited by a War-like People, who are Skilful Sailors; 'tis well ſtor'd with Barks, it ſerving both the Country and London in Fiſh, which they have here in great Plenty.

5. Winchelſey, 'tis ſituated on an high Hill very ſteep on that ſide which looketh towards the Sea; it was enclos'd with a Rampier, and afterwards with very ſtrong Walls; but it no ſooner began to flouriſh, but it was unfortunately Sack'd by the French and Spaniards; it beareth now only the countenance of a fair Town, it having loſt its chiefeſt Beauty upon the Seas leaving it.

6. Rhye, it lay for a good while unknown in former Ages, but upon the decay of Winchelſey it began to flouriſh; it [Page] was Wall'd about by King Edward the IIId, and had then a very commodious Haven, it being an uſual paſſage from hence to Normandy; it is now in a manner deſerted by the Sea, yet notwithſtanding it hath very many Fiſhing Veſſels, ſo that it ſerveth London with variety of Fiſh.

Thus far Suſſex, which together with Surrey, was the Habitation of the Regni in the time of the Brittains, and was afterwards the Kingdom of the South-Saxons; but in the 306th Year after the beginning of it, it came under the Dominion of the Weſt-Saxons.

Kent, Cangi.

IN Latin Cantium; 'tis bounded on the North by Eſſex; on the Eaſt by the Channel; it hath Suſſex on the South; and Surrey on the Weſt to confine upon it; 'tis every where full of Meadows, Paſtures, and Corn-Fields, abounding wonderfully in Apple-Trees and Cherry-Trees, which being brought out of Coraſus, a City of Tontus, by Lucullus into Italy, in the 608th Year after the Building of Rome, and the 120th [Page] Year after that tranſlated from thence into Brittain, which was 24 Years ante Chriſtum.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Deptford, a Town where the King's Ships are uſually Built, and ſuch as are decay'd Repair'd; there is alſo a Storehouſe and College erected here for the uſe of the Navy; 'tis remarkable for the Monument of Sir Francis Drake's Ship, which by the Command of Queen Elizabeth was drawn on ſhore in this place, the Carkaſs of it is yet to be ſeen.

2. Greenwich, a very beautiful Town, but eſpecially in reſpect of the King's Houſe, which Humphrey Duke of Gloceſter Built and nam'd Placence; 'tis likewiſe particularly famous for the Birth of Queen Elizabeth.

3. Eltham, a fair well Built Town, formerly the retiring place of the Kings of Kent.

4. Sevenoke, in this place Sir William Sevenoke, an Alderman of London, being a Foundling and brought up here, and therefore ſo nam [...]d, built in grateful remembrance an Hoſpital and School; he liv'd in the Reign of King Henry the Vth.

[Page] 5. Dartford, a large great Market-Town, well frequented and well Watered; here King Edward the IIId Built a Nunnery, which King Henry the VIIIth converted into a Houſe for himſelf and his Succeſſors.

6. Graveſend, a Town as well known as any in England for the uſual paſſage by Water between it and London; King Henry the VIIIth when he Fortified the Sea-Coaſt, rais'd two Platforms here, and two other on the ſide of Eſſex oppoſite to it.

7. Tunbridge, a Town well Inhabited, famous in old time for a fair large Caſtle, fenc'd with a River and deep Ditches, which Richard Lord of Briony Built there; the very Ruins of it at this time manifeſtly declare the greatneſs of it.

8. Maidſtone, the largeſt and moſt beautiful Town in all this Shire, moſt commodiouſly ſeated for publick Buſineſs; one of the two common Priſons of all this County is appointed here; its Inhabitants are particularly noted for their Manufacture in Thread.

9. Rocheſter, a City ſeated on the River Medway, but of no greatneſs; in former times called Durobrivis, but afterwards Roffa; 'tis honoured with a Biſhop's See, and is the Second City for Antiquity in all this Iſland.

[Page] 10. Chetham, the Station of the Royal Navy, where our Kings have always one ready for any Service whatever; it was Built with exceeding great Coſt by the Command of Queen Elizabeth, who for the defence thereof raiſed a Caſtelet by the River ſide. Our Ships in this place, to the diſhonour of our Nation, were burnt by the Dutch, A. C. 1667.

11. Queensborough, a Port-Town well Inhabited; it hath Weſtward in the Front a very fine ſtrong Caſtle Built by Edward the IIId.

12. Feverſham, a Town very commodiouſly ſituated, the moſt plentiful part of all this Country lying round about it; it hath a little Creek ſit for bringing in and exporting Commodities; ſo that at this day it flouriſheth among the neighbouring Towns.

13. Canterbury, an ancient City, famous in the time of the Romans; 'tis neither very great nor very ſmall; it has little or nothing in it worth Obſervation, beſides the Cathedral; famous it is in regard of St. Auguſtine its firſt Archbiſhop, who is here Interr'd.

14. Iſle of Tanet, a very pleaſant fruitful place, its Inhabitants are very Induſtrious, getting their Living both by Sea and Land; [Page] they being both Fiſhermen and Plowmen, Husbandmen and Mariners; they are always ready appointed for both Elements, they in a manner going round, and keeping a circle in theſe their Labours.

15. Sandwich, one of the Cinque-Ports; 'tis on the North and Weſt ſides Fortified with walls, and on the other parts fenc'd with a Rampier, River, and Ditch. The Haven, upon the account of the Sands choaking it, and a Ship of Burthen's being accidentally ſunk in the Channel, is not deep enough for any Tall Veſſels.

16. Sandon, Deal, Walmer, Three neighbouring Caſtles Built by King Henry VIII; 'tis generally reported that Julius Caeſar Landed firſt at this place.

17. Dover, 'tis ſeated on the Sea-ſhore, where the paſſage is ſhorteſt into France, for that cauſe Fortified with a ſtrong and impregnable Caſtle; eſteemed one of the Keys of England, and the Chief of the Cinque-Ports.

§

Having now deſcribed all thoſe Countries that lie between the Brittiſh Ocean on the one ſide, and the Severn Sea, and River Thames on the other; paſſing now over the River, let us return to the Head of Thames, and the Salt Waters of Severn, and there viſit the Dobuni, who formerly [Page] Inhabited thoſe Parts which we now term Gloceſterſhire and Oxfordſhire.

Gloceſterſhire, Dobuni.

IN Latin Gloceſtria; on the Weſt it bordereth on Monmouthſhire and Herefordſhire; on the North on Worceſterſhire; on the Eaſt upon Warwickſhire, Oxfordſhire, and Barkſhire; and on the South upon Wiltſhire and Somerſetſhire. The Country throughout yieldeth plenty of Corn, and abundance of Fruit; the one through the natural Goodneſs of the ground, the other through the diligent Tillage and Labour of its Inhabitants.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Tewksbury, a large fair Town, having three Bridges to paſs over; it ſtandeth between the Rivers Severn and Avon, and another Brook which cometh from the Eaſt; it is famous for making of fine Woollen Cloth, and the beſt Muſtard; but more famous in times paſt by reaſon of an ancient Monaſtery Founded by Dodo a Man of great Power in Mercia, An. Chriſt. 715.

[Page] Memorable it is for the fatal Battel Fought between the Houſe of York and Lancaſter, An. Chriſt. 1471. wherein Prince Edward, King Henry the VIth's Eldeſt Son, being taken Priſoner, he was brought before King Edward the IVth, who was ſo provoked by his reſolute Anſwers, that he daſh'd him on the Mouth with his Gauntlet, and then Richard the Crouchback with his Dagger ſtabb'd him to the Heart.

2. Gloceſter, a fair beautiful City, both for number of Churches and for Buildings; 'tis ſituated upon the Severn, near the Iſle Aldney, where was Fought the Combat between Edmond Ironſide, King of the Engliſh-Saxons, and Canutus the Dane; in the South part there was a lofty Caſtle of ſquare Aſhler-ſtone, which is now wholly Ruined; this City gives the Title to the Third Son of Great Brittain: The chiefeſt Trade of the Citizens is in working on Iron; the City was Built by the Romans, and ſet, as it were, on the neck of the Silures to keep them in Subjection; there was alſo a Colony planted to People it, which they call'd Colonia Glevum. It hath a very ſtately Cathedral Dedicated to St. Peter, in which lie Interr'd King Edward the Second, and Robert Courthoſe the Eldeſt Son of King William the Conqueror, Two Unfortunate Princes. Near this place, An. 1643. was Fought a [Page] Battel between the Forces of King Charles the Iſt, and his Rebellious Parliament, in which the famous Lord Falkland was unfortunately ſlain.

3. Barkley, a ſmall Market-Town, of great repute for a ſtrong Caſtle, but more famous for that King Edward the Second, who was Depoſed from his Kingdom by the ill Practiſes of his Wife, was made away in this Caſtle by the ſubtilty of the Biſhop of Hereford, who wrote unto his Keepers theſe words without Points, ‘Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum eſt.’

4. Camden, a Market-Town, well Peopled, and of good reſort; in this place the Saxon Kings Aſſembled in the Year 689, and Conſulted in common about making War upon the Brittains.

5. Winchelcomb, a great Town well Inhabited, famous in old time for an Abbey Erected there by Kenulph King of Mercia.

Oxfordſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Oxonium; on the Weſt it hath Gloceſterſhire; on the South it is divided from Barkſhire by the River Iſis, and Thames; on the Eaſt it bordereth upon Buckinghamſhire; and Northward where it pointeth out in manner of a Cone or Pine-Apple; it hath Northamptonſhire on one ſide, and Warwickſhire on the other.

The Air of this Country is Mild and Temperate, the Land is Fertile and Delightful, the Hills abound with Woods, and the Valleys are fill'd with Corn and Paſture.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Evenlode, a ſmall Town famous for King Henry the Second's Building a Labyrinth in it for the Beautiful Roſamund, the Lord Clifford's Daughter.

2. Banbury, a fair large Town, not far from which Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick, taking part with the Houſe of Lancaſter, gave the Houſe of York a very great overthrow; 'tis a place of great Antiquity, ſome Roman Coins being oftentimes found near it.

[Page] 3. Oxford, a fair and beautiful City, both in reſpect of the Private Buildings, as well as in the ſtately Magnificence of the Publick; the ſituation is extreamly pleaſant, for the Hills being beſet with Woods do ſo environ the Plain, that as on the one ſide they exclude the South and Weſt Wind, ſo on the other they let in the Eaſt, and North-Eaſt Wind, which frees the City from all Corruption; 'tis particularly famous for its Univerſity, which is the moſt Celebrated in all Europe, it having 16 Colledges and 8 Halls, all adorn'd with moſt ſtately Buildings, and enrich'd with great Endowments, noble Libraries, and moſt Learned Graduates of all Profeſſions.

Buckinghamſhire, Cattieuchlani.

IN Latin Buckinghamia; on the South it looketh on Barkſhire; on the Weſt Oxfordſhire; on the North it hath Northamptonſhire; and from the Eaſt, firſt Bedfordſhire, then Hertfordſhire, and afterwards Middleſex. The Air of this County is Temperate and Pleaſant, the Soil is Rich, Fat, and Fruitful, the Valleys maintain an inſinite Number of Sheep, whoſe ſoft and [Page] fine Fleeces are in great eſteem throughout all Aſia.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Marlow, a pretty Town of good credit and repute; it took its name from a certain Chalk, commonly called Marle, which being ſpread upon Corn-ground eaten out with long Tillage, doth ſo quicken the ſame again, that after one Years reſt it never lieth fallow, but beareth Corn in great plenty.

2. Wickam, a large Town, equal both in Beauty and Buildings to the beſt in the Shire.

3. Ailesbury, a fair Market-Town, ſeated on a riſing Hill, and compaſs'd about with many pleaſant Meadows; it hath a great reputation for Grazing and Feeding of Cattel.

4. Buckingham, the Principal Town of this Shire, ſituated on a low Ground, and encompaſs'd by the River Ouſe; 'twas never of any great repute, yet before the Conqueſt it was Fortified with a Caſtle and Rampiers againſt the Invaſion of the Danes.

5. Stony-Stratford, a Town of ancient Note, being ſuppoſed to be the Romans Lactorodum; it is built of rough Stone upon the ancient Cauſey-way, which is called [Page] Watling-ſtreet; where remains Marks thereof even unto this day. At this place Edward the Elder ſtopp'd the paſſage of the Danes, whilſt he ſtrenthened Torceſter againſt them; in this place Edward the Firſt rear'd a beautiful Croſs in Memory of Eleanor his Deceaſed Queen, as he did in every place where her Corps reſted, from Herdby in Lincolnſhire, till it was received and Buried at Weſtminſter.

Bedfordſhire.

IN Latin Bedfordia; on the Eaſt and South ſide it joineth to Cambridge and Hertfordſhire; on the Weſt to Buckinghamſhire; on the North to Northampton and Huntingtonſhire; 'tis divided into two parts by the River Ouſe; the Soil is very bountiful, eſpecially towards the North, that being Watered by the River.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Bedford, a Town more famous for its Antiquity than for its. Beauty, it having ſuſtain'd great damages, both in the Wars between King Stephen and Maud the Empereſs, [Page] as well as in the unhappy Diſſentions between King John and his unruly Barons; the River Ouſe divides it into two parts, but it is join'd together by a Stone Bridge.

2. Dunſtable, a Town ſeated in a Chalky Ground, well Inhabited and full of Inns, it hath Tour Streets anſwering to the Four parts of the World, in every one of which is a Pond of ſtanding Water for the uſe of the Inhabitants.

Hertfordſhire.

HErtfordia, hath on the Weſt Bedfordſhire and Buckinghamſhire; on the South Middleſex; on the Eaſt Eſſex; and on the North Cambridgeſhire. The Air is ſweet and healthful, being ſeated in a Climate neither too Hot, nor too Cold; the Soil is pleaſant and delightful, yielding abundance of Corn, Cattel, Wood, and Graſs, being deſtitute of nothing which either affords Profit or Pleaſure to Mankind, which are more augmented by the many Rivers which ariſe in it, and run through it.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

[Page]

1. Royſton, a Town of late days very famous and much frequented for Malt, as alſo for a Corn-Market which is Weekly held there.

2. Hatfield, a fair large Town, in the upper part of which ſtands a pleaſant Seat, belonging to the Earl of Salisbury.

3. Hertford, it was formerly the Principal Town of the whole Shire, but is now fallen to decay.

4. Ware, a pleaſant Town, well Water'd and much frequented, famous in old time for a Tournament inſtituted there by the Earl of Pembroke, who was unfortunately kill'd by a fall from his Horſe▪ They were firſt inſtituted, A. C. 934. and grew not out of uſe till the happy days of King James the Firſt.

5. Biſhop-Stortford, a large well frequented Town, fenc'd in old times by a Caſtle.

6. St. Albans, the Verulamium of the Romans, a very ancient Town and well Peopled; ſome old Coins are here oftentimes digged up, which are thought by ſome to be Stamp'd before the coming in of the Romans. Near this place Ostorius, the Emperor Claudius's Lieutenant, is thought to have ſubdued the Valiant Briton Caractacus. Famous [Page] it is likewiſe for Two Memorable Battels Fought between the Houſe of York and Lancaſter; firſt Richard Duke of York, Anno 1455. gave the Lancaſtrians a great overthrow, took King Henry the VIth Priſoner, and ſlew a great many Honourable Perſons. Four Years after the Lancaſtrians, under the Conduct of Queen Margaret, won the Field, put the Houſe of York to Flight, and reſtor'd the King to his former Liberty.

7. Barnet, a fair Market-Town, famous for a great Beaſt-Market kept there, but more renown'd it is for a memorable Battel Fought April the 14th An. 1471. between the Houſes of York and Lancaſter, wherein the Victory happily fell to King Edward the IVth, Richard Nevill the great Earl of Warwick, being there ſlain.

Middleſex, Trinobantes.

MIddleſexia, 'tis ſever'd from Buckinghamſhire on the Weſt by the River [...]; on the North from Hertfordſhire by a known crooked Limit; from Eſſex on the Eaſt by the River Lea; and from Surrey and Kent on the South by the Thames. 'Tis ſeated [Page] in a pleaſant Vale, having ſome Hills around it of a good aſcent, from whoſe tops the proſpect of the whole is ſeen, like to Zoar in Egypt, or rather like a Paradiſe and Garden of God.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Uxbridge, a Town of late Years very full of Inns, and pleaſantly ſituated.

2. Stanes, a fair beautiful Town, near which the Baronage of England aſſembled together in great Numbers to exact their Liberties of King John, A. C. 1215.

3. Hampton-Court, a Royal Palace of the Kings, of admirable Magnificence, Built by Cardinal Wolſey; it was enlarg'd and finiſh'd by King Henry the VIIIth; it containeth within it Five Inner Courts.

4. Fulham, a Town particularly famous for the Palace of the Biſhop of London.

5. Chelſey, a Town of very fair Buildings, but chiefly remarkable on the account of the College Erected for the Maintenance of ancient Soldiers; it was finiſhed in the Reign of the late King James.

6. LONDON, the Seat of our Brittiſh Empire, and the Chiefeſt for Traffick in the World; Seated in an excellent Air upon the River Thames; its Buildings are Fair and Stately, the Streets Spacious; it has ſcarcely [Page] any Rival in Europe; famous it is for its Magnificent Cathedral, thought to be in former times the Temple of Diana, but it is now Conſecrated to St. Paul.

London-Stone is thought to have been fix'd for a Mile-Mark, ſuch as was in the Market-place of Rome, from which was taken the dimenſion of all Journeys every way; 'tis thought to be plac'd in the midſt of the City.

LONDON was formerly Wall'd about by Conſtantine the Great, at the requeſt of his Mother Helena; but at this time its chief Strength conſiſts, not ſo much in its Wall, as in the great Number of its Inhabitant.

7. Weſtminſter is a City of its ſelf, and has its peculiar Magiſtrates and Privileges; it was formerly more than a Mile diſtant from London, but it is now join'd cloſe to it; famous it is for the Abbey, the Hall of Juſtice, and the King's Royal Palace.

In the place where the Abbey now ſtand: there was formerly a Temple Conſecrated to Apollo, out of the Ruins of which this preſent Abbey was Built by King Edward the Third; a Work that coſt Fifty Years Labour in Building: Which Church the Abbots afterwards very much enlarg'd towards the Weſt end, and King Henry the Seventh adjoin'd thereto at the Eaſt end a Chappel of admirable Elegancy, wherein [Page] is to be ſeen his own moſt ſtately Monument of ſolid and maſſy Copper.

Eſſex.

ESSEXIA, on the North the River Stour divideth it from Suffolk; on the Eaſt it has the Ocean; on the South the Thames ſeparateth it from Kent; on the Weſt the Lea divideth it from Middleſex; and the Stour from Hertfordſhire. The Air is temperate and pleaſant, but towards the Waters ſomewhat Aguiſh; the Soil is rich and fruitful, being in ſome parts ſo very fertile, that after Three Years Glebe of Saffron, the Land for Eighteen more will yield plenty of Barley, without either Dunging or Manuring the Earth.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Leyton, a fair beautiful Market-Town.

2. Chelmsford, a fair large Town, thought to be the old Canonium of the Romans; 'tis ſituated in the midſt of the Shire between two Rivers, which join themſelves together near this place; the Aſſizes of the County are kept here.

[Page] 3. Maldon, an ancient Town, called formerly Camolodunum, famous for Bonduca, or Boadicias Victory over the Romons, 70000 being ſlain in this place; its Antiquity is apparent from the Coins, Helmets, and Bones, which were dug up in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, to which we may apapply theſe Verſes of Virgil, Geor. Lib. 1. 493.

Scilicet & tempus veniet, cum ſinibus illis

Agricola incurvo terram molitus aratro,

Exeſa inveniet Scabrâ rubigine pila;

Aut gravibus raſſris galeas pulſabit manes,

Grandiaque eſſoſſis mirabitus oſſa Sepulchris.

4. Colcheſter, a proper fair Town, pleaſantly ſeated; it is Wall'd about, and Beautified with 15 Churches; the ancient Coins daily dug out here, do ſhew that it flouriſhed in the time of the Romans. The Trade of the Inhabitants conſiſts chiefly in making of Cloth and Bays, with other ſort of Stuff.

5. Harwich, a Port-Town, not very great, but well Peopled, Fortified both by Art and Nature; 'tis Memorable for a Battle at Sea fought between the Engliſh and Danes, An. Chriſt. 884.

6. Saffron-Walden, a fair Market-Town, famous for the great Quantity of Saffron which grows there; which Commodity [Page] was at firſt brought into England in the Reign of Edward the IIId.

Suffolk, Iceni.

SUffolcia, hath on the Weſt Cambridge; on the South the Stour divideth it from Eſſex; on the Eaſt it hath the German Sea; and on the North Norfolk. The Air of this place is thought by ſome Phyſicians to be the very beſt in the whole Iſland; the Soil is fruitful, and repleniſhed with all things.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Bury, a very fair beautiful Town, remarkable for an Abbey Built by Canutus, to Expiate the Sacrilegious Impiety of his Father Suenus againſt this Church; it appears ſtill beautiful even in its very Ruins. Near this place was fought a great Battel between Robert Boſſu, Earl of Leiceſter, and King Henry the IId, the Victory falling to the King's Party, A. C. 1173.

2. Sudbury, formerly the chief Town of this Shire; 'tis Populous and Wealthy, the Inhabitants making great advantages by Clothing.

[Page] 3. Ipſwich, the principal Town of this Shire, well Peopled, beautiful in its Buildings, has 14 Churches, and a very commodious Haven; 'tis fenc'd with a Rampier; it was Sack'd by the Danes, An. 991. and again in the Year 1000; yet it perfectly recovered its former Beauty; and was the fineſt Town in England, had a very noble Harbour, which was moſt convenient for the Northern and Eaſtern parts of the World; in this ſtate it continued, till through the ſevere Injunctions of Biſhop Laud, in the Reign of King Charles the Firſt, concerning matters in Religion, ſeveral Thouſands of Families were frighted out of Norfolk and Suffolk into New-England.

Norfolk.

NOrfolcia, it is bounded on the Eaſt and North by the German Ocean; on the Weſt the Ouſe divideth it from Cambridge; on the South it confineth upon Suffolk. The Air is ſharp and piercing, eſpecially in the Champion and near the Sea; upon which account the Spring and Harveſt is not ſo ſoon here as in other Countries; 'tis a Champion Country large and ſpacious, [Page] abounding with Rivers, pleaſant Springs, good Corn and Paſture.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Thetford, a large Market-Town, but thinly Inhabited; in times paſt it was very Populous, and beſides other tokens of Antiquity, it hath ſtill to be ſeen a great Mount, fenc'd with a double Rampier, and Fortified in ancient times with Walls; it was formerly the Seat of the Kings of the Eaſt-Angles, and known to the Romans by the Name of Sitomagus.

2. Norwich, a famous City, pleaſantly ſituated on the River Yare, which runs thence to Yarmouth, lying out in length from South to North a Mile and an half, and in breadth about half ſo much, it drawing in it ſelf by little and little at the South end in manner of a Cone; in that Circuit it comprehendeth about Thirty Pariſhes, well Walled about with many Turrets, and Twelve Gates; but it hath in it much waſte ground, the City ſuffering great loſs both in Wealth and Buildings by Ket's Rebellion in the time of King Edward the Sixth; it hath recovered its firſt blow by the Dutch Manufactures, but of the laſt it ſtill languiſheth; though at this preſent it glories in the Beauties of a fair Cathedral, the [Page] Three Palaces, of the Biſhops, the Dukes of Norfolk, and the Earls of Surrey, and the ruins of an ancient Caſtle of the Saxons Building.

3. Yarmouth, a Port-Town, having a very convenient Haven; 'tis beautifully Built, and ſtrongly fenc'd both by Art and Nature; 'tis almoſt encompaſſed with Water; on the Weſt ſide with a River that hath a Draw-bridge over it; on the other parts with the Ocean, unleſs Northward, where it is firm Land; it is defended by a ſtrong Wall, which together with the River, make a ſquare Form of Four ſides ſomewhat long; upon the Wall towards the Eaſt, a great Mount is caſt up, on which are planted ſeveral pieces of Ordinance.

4. Lynn, a large Town, encompaſs'd with a deep Trench and Walls; for the moſt part 'tis divided by Two ſmall Rivers, which have Fifteen Bridges over them; 'tis of no great Antiquity, yet by reaſon of its Havens, Buildings, and Merchants, 'tis the Second Principal Town of this Shire.

Cambridgeſhire.

[Page]

CAntabrigia, on the Eaſt it lieth on Norfolk and Suffolk; on the South on Eſſex and Hertfordſhire; on the Weſt on Bedford and Huntingtonſhire; 'tis divided into two parts by the River Ouſe or Cam. This Province is not ſo large as ſome others, nor the Air ſo temperate and pleaſant, it being infected by the Fens; the North part is for the moſt part Fenny, and ſurcharg'd with Waters; but the South is Champion, yielding Corn in abundance.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Cambridge, a Town particularly famous for its Univerſity; which, as it is reported, was firſt begun and Founded by Cantaber a Spaniard, 375 Years ante Chriſtum; as alſo that Sigebert, or Sebert, King of the Eaſt-Angles, reſtor'd it again, An. Dom. 630. Being drſtroyed afterwards by the Danes, it was for a long time of no account, until it reviv'd under the Normans Government; at this day it hath Sixteen ſtately Colleges and Halls, which for Buildings, Beauty, Endowments, and Number of Students, are ſo repleniſhed, that Oxford excepted, the like is hardly to be found in Europe.

[Page] 2. Ely, a City not ſo great as ancient, ſituate in the Iſle ſo nam'd, occaſioned by the divided Streams of Ner and Ouſe, with the overflowings of other Rivers, turning a great part of this Tract into Fenns and Marſhes; remarkable for little elſe but its Cathedral, which was erected An. Dom. 1110. in the 10th Year of King Henry the Firſt.

Huntingtonſhire.

IN Latin Huntingtonia; is bounded on the South by Bedfordſhire; on the Weſt and North by Northamptonſhire; and on the Eaſt by Cambridgeſhire. The Soil is fruitful, yielding Corn in great abundance; towards the Eaſt, where it is Fenny, it is very rich and plentiful for the Feeding of Cattel; in all the other parts 'tis extreamly pleaſant, on the account of the Woods and Groves with which it aboundeth.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. St. Neets, a Market Town, ſo named of one Neutus a Learned and Holy Man, who Travelled all his Life-time in Propagating Chriſtianity; his Body was tranſlated [Page] from Neotſtock in Cornwall to this place.

2. Huntington, the principal Town of all this Country; 'tis ſeated on the River Ouſe, ſomewhat high, ſtretching its ſelf out in length Northward; it is adorn'd with Four Churches; and by the River near unto the Bridge the Mount and Plot of an ancient Caſtle is yet to be ſeen.

3. Godmancheſter, a very great ancient Country Town, ſituate in an open ground, of a light Mould, and bending to the Sun; 'tis reported in former times, that the Inhabitants received King James the Firſt in his Progreſs this way, with a Hundred and eighty Plows, brought forth in a Ruſtical kind of Triumph.

4. St. Ives, a fair Town, ſo named from Ivo a Perſian Biſhop, who about the Year 600 Travelled through England, Preach'd diligently the Word of God, eſpecially to this Town, wherein he Died.

5. Kimbolton, a fair beautiful Caſtle, formerly the ſeat of the Mandevils, but now in Poſſeſſion of the Staffords.

Northamptonſhire, Coritani.

[Page]

IN Latin, Northamptonia; 'tis ſituated in the very midſt of England; on the Eaſt 'tis bounded by Bedford and Huntingtonſhire; on the South by Buckingham and Oxfordſhire; on the Weſt it hath Warwickſhire; and on the North Rutland and Lincolnſhire. The Air is temperate and healthful, the Soil rich and fruitful, and ſo plenteouſly Peopled, that from ſome aſcents you may ſee 30 Churches at the ſame time.

The Prinicipal Towns are theſe.

1. Northampton, a fair beautiful Town Built for the moſt part of Stone; 'tis Wall'd about, except on the Weſt, where it is defended with a River; from the Walls you have a goodly proſpect every way to a wide and ſpacious plain Country; it was Fortified heretofore with a very ſtrong Caſtle, and ſeated in ſo excellent an Air, that once the Students of Cambridge purpoſed to remove the Univerſity to this place; famous it is for a Battel fought between the Houſe of York and Lancaſter, in which the Houſe of York prevailing, King Henry the VIth was taken Priſoner and conveyed to London.

[Page] 2. Peterborough, a City ſeated in the very Angle of this Shire; famous in old time for a Monaſtery, which is ſince converted into a Cathedral, the Building of which is truly Magnificent, the Forefront carrieth a majeſty with it, and the Cloyſters are exceeding large; in the Glaſs Windows is repreſented the Hiſtory of Wolpher the Founder, who being moſt averſe from Chriſtianity, Murther'd Wolphald and Rufin his own Sons, becauſe they had Devoted themſelves to Chriſt. In the Cathedral lieth Buried Catherine the Repudiated Queen of King Henry the VIIIth. Mary Queen of Scots was alſo at firſt Buried here, but was afterwards removed to Weſtminſter by the Command of King James the Iſt.

3. Rockingham Caſtle, it was Built by William the Conqueror, Fortified with a Rampier and Bulwarks, and a double range of Battlements; 'tis ſituate on the ſide of an Hill within a Foreſt.

Leiceſterſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Leiceſtria, is bounded on the Eaſt by Lincolnſhire and Rutlandſhire; on the North by Nottinghamſhire and Darbyſhire; it hath Warwickſhire on the Weſt; and on the South Northamptonſhire. The Air is gentle, mild, and temperate, giving Appetite both to Reſt and Labour; the Commodities of the Soil are Corn, Cattel, and Coals, of which the Inhabitants have great plenty.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Boſworth, an ancient Market-Town, memorable for the Victory which Henry Earl of Richmond, who was afterwards Henry the VIIth, obtained over the Uſurper Richard the IIId the Tyrant, and moſt of his Commanders being there ſlain.

2. Leiceſter, a fair Town, beautiful in its Buildings, and of great Antiquity; 'twas fenc'd with a very ſtrong Wall, which was raz'd in the Reign of Henry the IId, it has in it a ſtately Church and Hoſpital, Built by Henry the Firſt, Duke of Lancaſter.

[Page] 3. Loughborough, a fair beautiful Town, which for its Buildings and pleaſant Woods, challengeth the ſecond place in all this Shire.

4. Dunnington, a fair ancient Caſtle Built by the Earls of Leiceſter, it belongs now to the King.

Rutlandſhire.

IN Latin Rutlandia, 'tis environ'd with Leiceſterſhire, unleſs it be on the South, where it lieth on the River Welland, and on the Eaſt where it toucheth on Lincolnſhire; the Air is both healthful and delightful, ſubject neither to extremity of Heat or Cold; the Soil is ſo rich, that for Corn and Tillage this ſmall County giveth place to none.

The Principal Town is▪

Okcham, a Town remarkable only for the Ruins of an old decayed Caſtle Built in the Normans time, formerly the Seat of the Ferrers, but afterwards it was given by Henry the VIIIth to Thomas [Page]Cromwell, whom he advanced to the higheſt Dignities.

Lincolnſhire.

IN Latin Lincolnia, is bounded on the Weſt by Rutlandſhire and Nottinghamſhire; on the North it reacheth to Humber an arm of the Sea; on the Eaſt it hath the German Ocean; and on the South it is divided from Northamptonſhire by the River Well [...]nd. The Air upon the Eaſt and South part is thick and foggy, by reaſon of the Fenns, but in other places very moderate and pleaſing; the Soil upon the Weſt and North is very Fertile, but towards the Eaſt and South, Fenny, Brakiſh, and Barren; yet for Fowl and Fiſh it exceeds any other in the Realm.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Crowland, a Town of good Note; it ſtands amidſt moſt deep Fenns and muddy Waters; it is ſo ſhut up, and divided round about from all entrance, that there is no acceſs unto it, unleſs it be on the North-Eaſt ſide, and that by narrow Cawſeys; 'tis ſeated altogether like Venice; it hath three [Page] Streets divided from each other by Watercourſes between, planted thick with Willows, and raiſed upon Poſts pitch'd and driven down into the ſtanding Waters, having over them a Triangular Bridge of admirable Workmanſhip; about the Town the ground is ſo rotten and mooriſh, that a Man may thruſt a Pole directly down Thirty Foot deep; however the Town is well Inhabited, the Inhabitants making great advantages by taking Fiſh, and catching of Water-Fowl, which is ſo great in the Month of Auguſt, that they will ſpread a Net, and at once draw Three thouſand Wild Ducks together.

2. Spalding, a Town ſituate upon the ſame River, being encloſed round with Riverets and Drains; yet is infinitely a fairer Town than a Man could poſſibly expect to find among ſuch Slabs and Water-plaſhes.

3. Boſton, a famous Town, ſtanding on both ſides the River Witham; 'tis well frequented upon the account of its commodious Haven; the Market-place is fair and large, the Church great and beautiful, the Steeple of it riſing up to a mighty heighth, doth, as it were, ſalute all Travellers, and give direction to the Sailors; a Staple [Page] of Wool is ſettled here, which enriches it very much.

4. Stanford, a Town well Peopled, of good reſort, Endowed with ſeveral immunities; it was formerly Wall'd about, but is at this day beautified with Seven Churches, and a very fair Hoſpital.

5. Grantham, a Town well frequented, adorn'd with a very fair Church, and a Free School Built by Richard Fox Biſhop of Wincheſter.

6. Lincoln, a place in former days of great Strength and Note, being one of the beſt Peopled Cities in all the Saxon Heptarchy, and of great Merchandiſe and Traſſick both by Sea and Land; it had formerly Fifty Churches, but is now much decay'd, it having ſuffered much damage in the Wars of King Stephen, and of Henry the IIId with his Barons, as alſo both by Fire and Earthquakes; the chief Fame it now hath is for its Minſter, one of the ſtatelieſt Piles in England, and perhaps in Chriſtendom, high ſeated on an Hill, and from thence diſcern'd over all the Country. The City is ſeated on the ſide of an Hill, where the River Witham bendeth his courſe Eaſtward; famous it is in reſpect that Vortimer [Page] the Warlike Briton, who often diſcomfited the Saxon Armies, ended his days, and was here, contrary to his Commandment, Buried.

7. Wainfleet, a Town deſervedly remarkable, in that it Bred William Wainfleet Biſhop of Wincheſter, the Founder of Maudlin College in Oxford.

Nottinghamſhire.

IN Latin Nottingamia, hath on the Eaſt Lincolnſhire; on the North Yorkſhire; on the Weſt Derbyſhire; and on the South ſide Leiceſterſhire. The Air is pleaſant and healthful, the Soil rich and clayey, and for Corn and Graſs ſo fruitful, that it claims the ſecond place before any other in the Realm.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Stoke, a little Village, famous for the Victory obtain'd by King Henry the VIIth againſt Sir John de la Pool Earl of Lincoln, who being by King Richard the IIId declared Heir apparent to the Crown, Rebelliouſly [Page] oppoſed himſelf againſt his Sovereign, and in this place ſighting Manfully, both he and moſt of his Followers loſt their lives.

2. Nottingham, a fair Town ſeated on the Trent, but very high upon an Hill which overlooks it; for Buildings, fair Streets, and a ſpacious Market-place, not giving way to many Cities; but of moſt fame for a Royal and magnificent Caſtle, which for Strength, Statelineſs, and Proſpect, may juſtly challenge the Precedency of moſt in England; it is mounted upon an huge ſteep work on the Weſt ſide of the City; it was Built by William the Conqueror to bridle the Engliſh▪ David the IId. King of Scots, and Roger Mortimer, Earl of March, were detain'd a long time Priſoners in this Caſtle. Memorable it is, for that King Charles the Iſt, firſt ſet up his Standard in this place, occaſion'd on the unhappy Differences between him and his Parliament, Auguſt 22. 1642.

3. Southwell, it is adorn'd with a very beautiful Church Conſecrated to the Virgin Mary; 'tis a Town not very fair to outward view, but ſtrong, ancient, and of great fame; the Archbiſhop of York has a ſtately Palace in this place.

Derbyſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Darbia, hath on the Eaſt Nottinghamſhire; on the South Leiceſterſhire; on the Weſt Steffordſhire; and on the North-ſide Yorkſhire; it reſembles the Form of a Triangle, but not with equal ſides. The Air is good and healthful, and the Soil rich and fertile, eſpecially in the South and Eaſt Parts.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Derby, a fair Town, well traded and reſorted, ſituated on the River Darwent; which on the Eaſt ſide of it affords to the Eye a pleaſant and delightful Proſpect, running down and carrying a full and chearful Stream under a beautiful Stone-Bridge; upon which formerly a fair Chappel was Erected, which is now gone to decay; it is adorn'd with Five Churches, the greateſt of which named Alhallows, and Dedicated to the Memory of All Saints, is peculiarly remarkable for its lofty Spire, and the Tomb of the Counteſs of Shrewsbury.

2. Peak, ſo called from its Hills and Mountains; from this place we have our Lead and Milſtones, and the Apothecaries their Antimony.

[Page] 3. Buxton, a Town memorable for Nine Water-ſprings which ariſe out of a Rock within the compaſs of Eight Yards, Eight of them are Warm, but the Ninth is very Cold; theſe run under a very fair ſquare Building of Free-ſtone, and about Sixty Paces off receive another Hot Spring from a Well, inclos'd with Four flat Stones, called St. Anns; near unto which another very Cold Spring bubbles up: The Inhabitants report that great Cures have been effected by theſe Waters, and daily experience ſheweth that they are good for the Stomach and Sinews, and very pleaſant to Bathe the Body in. The Town is lately adorn'd with very beautiful Buildings.

§

Having now Deſcrib'd the Regions of the Coritani, we will next ſurvey the Provinces of the Cornavii; who, if we may believe Ptolomy, ſeem to have Poſſeſſed Warwickſhire, Worceſterſhire, Staffordſhire, Shropſhire, and Cheſhire.

Warwickſhire, Cornavii.

[Page]

IN Latin Warwicus, hath on the Eaſt Northamptonſhire and Leiceſterſhire; on the South Oxfordſhire and Gloceſterſhire; on the Weſt Worceſterſhire; and on the North Staffordſhire. Its Air and Soil are equally deſirable; the Air is extreamly healthful, and the Soil in the South part yieldeth ſuch a plentiful Harveſt, that the Husbandman ſmiles to behold his pains ſo well rewarded.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Warwick; this Town was the ancient Praeciduum of the Romans; it ſtandeth on the River Avon upon a ſteep and high Rock, and all the Paſſages to it are wrought out of the very ſtone; it is yet apparent that it was formerly Fortified with a Wall and Ditches; towards the South-Weſt it ſheweth a Caſtle ſtrongly Fortified both by Art and Nature; 'twas in a good ſtate upon the entrance of the Normans, but hath lately ſuffered much by Fire.

2. Henly, a pretty Market-Town, which had formerly a Caſtle adjoining to it, belonging to the Family of the Montforts.

[Page] 3. Killingworth, a beautiful ſtrong Caſtle, encompaſſed with Parks, given by Queen Elizabeth to Robert Dudley Earl of Leiceſter.

4. Bremicham, a Town full of Inhabitants, reſounding always with Hammers and Anvils, they being moſt of them Smiths.

5. Coventry, a City ſo called from an old Convent and Religious Houſe which gave Name to it; beautified it is with a well-Built Wall, large Streets, handſome Houſes, and two fair Churches, Dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and St. Michael; it was formerly the only Mart and City of Trade in all theſe Parts, notwithſtanding that it is deſtitute of all the advantages which a Navigable River might afford it.

6. Edgehill, a ſmall Village famous for the Battel fought between the Forces of King Charles the Iſt, and thoſe of the Parliament, in which both ſides claim'd the Victory.

Worceſterſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Wigornia, hath on the Eaſt Warwickſhire; on the South Gloceſterſhire; on the Weſt Herefordſhire and Shropſhire; and on the North Staffordſhire. The Air of this Shire is temperate, and the Soil fertile, abounding with Corn, Woods, Paſture, and every thing that is neceſſary for the Life of Man.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Kidderminſter, a fair Town, hath a great Market, it is well frequented, divided into two parts by the River Stour; it is adorn'd with a very beautiful Church.

2. Worceſter, the principal City of this Shire, it being truly admirable both in reſpect of its Antiquity and Beauty; 'tis ſituated on the Eaſt Bank of the Severn, and from the ſame is Walled triangularly about, extending in Circuit One thouſand ſix hundred and fifty Paces, in which are made Seven Gates for entrance, and Five Watch-Towers for its defence; it hath ſuffered much damage both by War and Fire, but ſeems now to have recovered its former Beauty; [Page] it hath a ſtately Cathedral, in the midſt of which lieth Interred the Body of King John, under a Monument of White Marble. The Reputation it now hath ariſeth from its Inhabitants, who are both Numerous and Wealthy by their Trade in Clothing. Near this place Cromwell the Uſurper, gave King Charles the Second's Forces a terrible overthrow, wherein he ſlew Three thouſand five hundred and fifty, among which were Duke Hamilton and General Forbes, and took Five thouſand Priſoners; this happened June 13, An. 1651.

Staffordſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Staffordia, hath on the Eaſt Warwickſhire and Derbyſhire; on the South Worceſterſhire; on the Weſt Shropſhire; and on the North Cheſhire. The Air is Healthful, but very ſharp towards the North; in which place the Soil is not ſo fruitful as in the Southern parts.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Stafford, the principal Town of this County; it was Built by Edward the Confeſſor, and Incorporated by King John; and upon the Eaſt and South part was Walled and Trench'd by the Barons of the place; the reſt from the Eaſt to North was ſecured by a large Pool of Water, which now is become fair Meadow Grounds; it hath Four Gates opening to the Four Winds; it is adorn'd with a very beautiful Caſtle of its Name, which adds not a little to the Beauty of the place.

2. Stone, a fair Market-Town, famous for a Church Conſecrated to the Memorial of the Death of Wolfald and Ruſin, Sons to Wolfer King of the Mercians, who were [Page] ſlain by their Father becauſe they had embrac'd Chriſtianity.

3. Lichfield, a fair large City, ſituated in a Plain, divided into two parts by a Pool of Water, which notwithſtanding are join'd into one by means of two Bridges made over it, which have ſluces to let out the Water; the South part conſiſts of divers Streets, hath in it a School and Hoſpital Founded for the Relief of the Poor; the other part is beautified with a ſtately Cathedral, encompaſs'd with a ſtrong Wall, adorn'd with the Biſhop's Palace, and fair Houſes for the Prebendaries, which make together an excellent ſhew, mounting up on high with Three Spires of Stone; and indeed for elegant and noble Buildings, it giveth place to few Cathedrals.

4. Burton, a Town famous, in regard it yieldeth great ſtore of Alablaſter.

Shropſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Salopia, hath on the Eaſt Staffordſhire; on the South Worceſterſhire, Herefordſhire, and Radnorſhire; on the West Montgomery and Denbighſhire; and on the North Cheſhire. The Air is wholſome, affording health to the Inhabitants in all Seaſons of the Year; the Soil is rich, and ſtandeth moſt upon a reddiſh Clay, abounding in Wheat, Barley, Coals, Iron, and Woods; it is divided into two parts by the River Severn.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Ludlow, a Town more fair than ancient, encompaſſed with a Wall reaching about a Mile in circuit; it is defended by a ſtately ſtrong Caſtle, Built by Roger Montgomery. King Henry the VIIIth Ordained in this place the Council of the Marches.

2. Bridgnorth, a Town ſeated upon a Rock, out of which the ways leading to the upper part of the Town are wrought; 'tis Fortified with Walls, a Ditch, a ſtately [Page] Caſtle, and the Severn, which between the Rocks runneth down with a very great fall.

3. Shrewsbury, a Town ſtrongly Fortified both by Art and Nature, adorn'd with two fair Churches and other Buildings, both Publick and Private; almoſt all the Commodities of Wales do flow to this Town, as to a common Mart of both Nations; famous it is for the Battel between divers of the Nobility and King Henry the IVth, they purpoſing to advance Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, to the Crown, as the undoubted apparent Heir of King Richard the IId: It was taken by the Parliament Forces raiſed againſt King Charles the Firſt, An. 1645.

4. Oſweſtre, a little Town encloſed with a Ditch and a Wall, and Fortified with a pretty Caſtle; the Inhabitants Traffick much in Welſh Cottons, whereof great ſtore is bought and ſold here every Week.

Cheſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Cestria, hath on the South Shropſhire; on the East Staffordſhire and Darbyſhire; on the North Lancaſhire, and on the West Denbighſhire and Flintſhire. For Air and Soil it far exceeds its Neighbouring Counties, being in my opinion equal to the beſt; the beſt Cheeſe in all Europe is made in this place. The Inhabitants of this Shire have never been ſtain'd with the blot of Rebellion; whoſe Loyalty King Richard the IId ſo much eſteem'd, that by Authority of Parliament he made the County to be a Principality, Stiling himſelf the Prince of Chester.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Chester, a City Built in form of a Quadrant; it is enclos'd with a Wall extending two Miles in compaſs; it hath a Eleven Pariſh-Churches, of which that of St. John's by the North Gate is a moſt ſtately Building; the Houſes are very fair Built, and along the chief Streets are Galleries, or walking-places, having Shops on both ſides. [Page] Memorable it is, for that King Edgar ſitting in a Barge, Kennady King of Scotland, Malcolm King of Cumberland, Macon King of Man and of the Iſlands, with all the Princes of Wales, who were come to do him Homage, Working like Watermen at the Oar, Rowed him along the River Dee in a triumphant manner, to his great glory and the joy of the Beholders; this was about the Year 960.

2. Nantwich, a Town reputed to be the greateſt and faireſt Built of all this Shire, next to Cheſter; 'tis alſo very famous for the making of Salt.

3. Macclesfield, a very fair Town, giving Name to a Foreſt near adjoining, where Thomas Savage, the Archbiſhop of York, Built a Coll, in which ſome of the Family of the Savages lie Entom'd.

§

We have now Surveyed the Regions of the Cornavii, who with the Coritani, Dobuni, and Cateuchlani, made the Kingdom of the Mercians; all the other Kingdoms of the Saxons Heptarchy confined upon it; it was much larger than any of the reſt, but fell at laſt into the Dominion of the Weſt-Saxons, [Page]An. 826. after that the Danes had waſted it many Years.

Herefordſhire, Silures.

BEfore I treat of the other parts of England, give me leave to turn aſide and to viſit Wales, called in Latin Cambria, or Wallia, where the ancient Brittains had their abode; nor will it be improper, it lying adjacent to the Cornavii, that it ſhould be ſpoken of in its due place, eſpecially ſince the Inhabitants are now Incorporated with us into our Commonwealth.

Wales compriſed in times paſt before the Conqueſt the whole Country beyond the Severr, which in the time of the Romans was Inhabited by the Silures, Dimaetae, and Ordovices; for theſe held not only the Twelve Shires of Wales, but thoſe Two alſo beyond the Severn, viz. Herefordſhire and Monmouthſhire, which are now reckoned among the Counties of England; according to Ptolomy the Silures inhabited the South part, called by one Name Dehubarth, but now, Herefordſhire, Radnorſhire, Brecknockſhire, Monmouthſhire, and Glamorganſhire. [Page] The Inhabitants are generally impatient of Servitude, very Valiant, and given to War.

Herefordia, is bounded on the Eaſt with Worceſterſhire and Gloceſterſhire; on the South with Monmouthſhire; on the Weſt with Radnor and Brecknockſhires; and on the North with Shropſhire. This Counties Climate is healthful and temperate, and the Soil ſo fertile for Corn and Cattel, that no place in England yieldeth more.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Hereford, the principal City of this Shire, ſeated on the Banks of the River Wye, in the middle of moſt flouriſhing Meadows, and no leſs plentiful Corn-Fields; it was raiſed out of the ruins of the ancient Ariconium; 'tis encompaſs'd almoſt round with Rivers; it was Walled about in the Reign of Henry the Firſt, who Founded in this place a moſt beautiful Cathedral Church.

2. Lemſter, a Town famous for exceeding fine Wool.

Radnorſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Radnora, hath on the North Montgomeryſhire; on the Eaſt Herefordſhire; on the South Brecknockſhire; on the Weſt, where [...] groweth very narrow, Cardiganſhire. The Air of this Province is very ſharp and Cold, and the Soil lean and barren; its riches conſiſts chiefly in the brood of Cattel.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Radnor, the principal Town of this Shire, fair Built, after the manner of the Country, with thatch'd Houſes; in times paſt it was fenc'd with a Wall and Caſtle, which are now grown to decay.

2. Preſtan, a Market-Town, ſo fair and beautiful, that it in a manner putteth down Radnor; it is of late Years wonderfully frequented.

3. Knighton, a Town ſcarce inferior to Preſtian; near this place is King Offa's admirable Ditch, reaching from Dee Mouth, [Page] up to Wy Mouth, by this Town, for the ſpace of Fourſcore and ten Miles, made by him to ſeparate the Brittons from his Engliſhmen.

Brecknockſhire.

IN Latin Brechinia, is bounded on the Eaſt with Herefordſhire; on the South with Monmouth and Glamorganſhires; on the Weſt with Caermardhenſhire; and on the North with Radnorſhire. The Air is very Temperate, the whole County is full of Hills, and uneven for Travelling; but the Soil is very fertile, yielding in the Vallies both plenty of Corn and Paſture.

The Principal Town is

1. Brecknock, the Shire-Town, ſeated in the very heart of the Country; its Walls are ſtrong and of good repair, it hath Three Gates for entrance, with Ten Towers for its defence; on the Weſt ſide it hath a ſtately Caſtle; that it was Inhabited in the Romans time, is evident from the Coins of the Roman Emperors oftentimes digged up here.

Monmouthſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Monumethia, is bounded on the North by the River Munow, that ſeparateth it from Herefordſhire; on the Eaſt the River Wye divideth it from Gloceſterſhire; on the Weſt the River Remney ſevereth it from Glamorganſhire; on the South 'tis bounded by the Severn Sea. The Air is healthful and clear; the Soil is Hilly, Woody, Rich, and in all places very Fruitful.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Monmouth, the chief Town of this Province; 'tis encompaſſed almoſt round with the Rivers Munow and Wye; on the North ſide, where it is not defended with Rivers, it was formerly Fortified with a Wall and Ditch.

2. Chepſtow, a Town ſituate on the ſide of an Hill, riſing from the very River, Fortified round about with a Wall of a large Circuit; it hath a very fair Caſtle ſituate over the River Wye; the Town generally ſpeaking is of good reſort.

[Page] 3. Abergevenny, a Town well frequented, Fortified with Walls and a Caſtle; which of all the Caſtles in Wales (as Giraldus ſays) has been moſt defam'd on the account of Treaſon.

4. Newport, a Town lately Built, not unknown upon the account of its Caſtle, and the Commodiouſneſs of its Harbour.

Glamorganſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Glamorgania; on the South it has the Severn Sea; on the Eaſt Monmouthſhire; on the North Brecknockſhire; and on the Weſt Caermardhenſhire: The Air is temperate, and giveth more content to the Mind, than the Soil doth fruit or eaſe to Travellers.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Cardiffe, a proper fair Town, having a commodious Haven, Fortified by a ſtrong Wall and Caſtle by Fitz-Haimon; memorable it is for that Robert Curthouſe, William the Conqueror's Eldeſt Son, being quite put by his hopes of the Crown of England, and depriv'd of both his Eyes by his Brother King Henry the Firſt, lived until he was an Old Man in this Caſtle.

2. Cowbridge, a fair Market-Town well frequented.

3. Landaffe, a ſmall City, and of as ſmall reputation, ſituate ſomewhat low, but adorn'd [Page] with a Biſhops's See, and a Cathedral Conſecrated to St. Gelean Biſhop of the place.

Weſt-Wales.

Caermardhenſhire, Dimetae.

IN Latin Maredunum, is limited on the Eaſt with Glamorganſhire and Brecknockſhire; on the Weſt with Pembrokeſhire; on the North 'tis ſevered from Cardiganſhire by the River Tovy; and on the South it hath the Ocean. The Air is pleaſant and delightful, the Soil being not ſo full of Hills as its neighbouring Counties, is therefore much better for Corn and Paſturage.

The Principal Town is

Caermardhen, the chief Town of this County, compaſs'd about with Brick Walls, part of which is yet ſtanding upon the River Tovy; which is able to bear ſmall Ships, although there be now a Bar of Sand caſt up againſt the mouth of it; 'tis pleaſant for its Woods and Meadows, and venerable for its Antiquity; memorable it is for the Birth of the Sage Merlin.

Pembrokeſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Pembrocia; the Sea preſſeth upon every ſide of this County, unleſs it be on the Eaſt, where Caermardhenſhire, and on the North where a part of Cardiganſhire boundeth upon it. The Air is paſſing temperate, and the Soil very fruitful.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Tenby, a fair Town, ſtrongly Walled towards the Land, it looketh into the Sea from a dry Cliff; famous it is for its commodious Roads for Ships, and for an abundance of Fiſh taken there.

2. Milford-Haven, than which there is not another in all Europe either nobler or ſafer; there are reckoned within it Sixteen Creeks, Five Bays, and Thirteen Roads, known every one by its ſeveral name; 'tis particularly famous for the arrival of King Henry the Seventh, who releaſed England from the Domeſtick Calamities and Civil Miſeries it then groan'd under.

[Page] 3. Pembroke, the principal Town of this Shire; it ſtandeth on the Eaſt Creek of Milford-Haven; it was formerly Fortified with Walls and a Caſtle, which are now decayed.

4. Haverford, ſituate in the Demy Iſland of this County, by the Welſh called Roſs, by the Engliſh, Little England beyond Wales, by reaſon of the Engliſh Tongue there ſpoken; it is a Town the beſt Traded and frequented of all South-Wales; it was Fortified with a Rampier and Wall on the North ſide by the Earls of Clare.

5. St. Davids, a ſmall City, memorable for little elſe than that it is adorn'd with a Biſhop's See, and a fair Church Dedicated to St. Andrew and St. David; from this place in a clear day you may ſee Ireland.

6. Newport, a Town ſituate on a ſteep Cliff, where there is a very commodious Harbour and Road for Ships; 'tis endow'd with ſeveral Immunities and Privileges, and defended with a Caſtle.

Cardiganſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Ceretia, is bounded on the Weſt by the Sea; and on the South by the River Tovy, which Separateth it from Caermardhenſhire; the Eaſt and North ſides are limited by Brecknockſhire and Montgomeryſhire. The Air is open and ſomewhat piercing, the Soil is Hilly and uneven, but more plain towards the Sea, than in the Eaſt and North parts; it hath very little Corn, few Woods, but Cattel, Fiſh, and Fowl, in abundance.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Cardigan, the Shire Town, ſituated on a ſteep Bank, ſtrongly Fortified with a Wall and Caſtle by the Earls of Clare.

2. Aberiſtwith, a moſt populous and plenteous Town, near which are found ſeveral Veins of Lead.

§

We have now deſcrib'd the Counties of the Silures and Dimetae; paſs we now to the Ordovices, the ancient Inhabitants of North-Wales, which is now divided into the [Page] Counties of Montgomeryſhire, Merionethſhire, Caernarvonſhire, Denbighſhire, and Flintſhire.

North-Wales.

Montgomeryſhire, Ordovices.

IN Latin Mons Gomericus, is bounded on the South with Cardiganſhire and Radnorſhire; on the Eaſt with Shropſhire; on the North with Denbighſhire; and on the Weſt with Merionethſhire. The Air is cold and piercing, the Soil fruitful, eſpecially in the Eaſt parts, they being watered by the Severn.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Montgomery, a Town ſeated on the riſing of a Rock, having a pleaſant Plain under it; it is defended by a very ſtrong Caſtle, both which were Built by Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury.

2. Plinlimmon-Hill, is particularly famous for its wonderful Heighth, and that on the part where it boundeth one ſide of this Shire, it poureth forth the Severn, which [Page] next to the Thames, is the greateſt River in all Brrittain.

Merionethſhire.

IN Latin Mervinia; on the Weſt the Sea beateth upon it; on the South it is divided by the River Dovy from Cardiganſhire; on the North it is bounded by Caernarvon and Denbighſhires; and on the Eaſt by part of Denbighſhire. The Air of this place is neither pleaſant, nor the Soil profitable.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Bala, a little Town endowed with ſeveral Immunities, Peopled with few Inhabitants, and very rudely Built; nevertheleſs it is the chief Market-Town of theſe Mountainers.

2. Harlech, a Market-Town, ſituated in a bleak and barren place, it has few Houſes, and thoſe not curiouſly Built; nor is it famous for any thing, unleſs we make mention of a ſtrong Caſtle that ſtands near it, [Page] commanding the Sea, and paſſage of ſuch as might ſeek to invade the Coaſt.

Caernarvonſhire.

IN Latin Arvonia, the North and Weſt ſides lie upon the Iriſh Sea; the South is enclos'd with Merionethſhire; and the Eaſt with Denbighſhire, from which it is ſevered by the River Conony. The Air is ſharp and piercing, nor is the Soil to be commended much for its fertility.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Caernarvon, a Town ſo called from its ſtanding over-againſt the Iſland Mona; 'tis encompaſs'd with a ſmall Circuit of Walls about it; but the ſame is exceeding ſtrong; 'tis alſo defended by a ſtately Caſtle, which takes up the whole Weſt ſide of it; the Buildings are beautiful, and the Inhabitants much commended for their courteſy; who think it a point of their glory, that King Edward the Firſt Founded their Town, and that King Edward the Second, the firſt Prince of Wales, was Born there; it [Page] was formerly much reſorted to, for the Chancery and Exchequer of the Princes of North-Wales.

2. Bangor, a City ſeated on the Menai, a branch of the Iriſh Sea; remarkable for little elſe than that it is adorn'd with a Biſhop's See, and a fair Cathedral Conſecrated to Daniel, who was ſometime Biſhop of the place; it was defaced by Owen Glendower, and afterwards re-edified by Henry Dean, An. Dom. 1496.

Iſle of Angleſey, or Mona.

[Page]

'TIS ſever'd from Brittain with the ſmall narrow ſtrait of Menai, and on all parts beſides it is beaten upon by the Iriſh Sea; 'tis in length 20 Miles, and in breadth 17.

Its Principal Town is,

Beaumariſh, Built by Edward the Firſt on the Eaſt ſide of the Iſle, on a Mariſh ground, it was ſo named from the pleaſantneſs of its ſituation; other Towns there are, ſuch as Newburg, Aberfraw, which have nothing in them remarkable. The Druids formerly Inhabited this place; 'twas attempted by Suetonius, and brought under the Power of the Romans by Agricola.

Denbighſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Denbiga; on the North-North-Weſt it has, firſt the Sea for a ſmall ſpace, and then Flintſhire; on the Weſt the Sea; on the South Merionethſhire and Montgomeryſhire; and on the Eaſt Cheſhire and Shropſhire. The Air is pleaſant and wholſome, the Soil is barren towards the Weſt part; yet in the middle, where it lieth flat with a Valley, it is very fruitful.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Denbigh, the Shire Town, Fortified with a ſtrong Wall and Caſtle, and ſtrengthned with high Towers by Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln; 'tis well frequented, and is deſervedly reputed the moſt beautiful place in all North-Wales, eſpecially ſince it was made by King Henry the Eighth the Head Town of a County; before which time it was alſo of great reſort, as being the Head Town of the Barony of Denbigh, conceiv'd to be one of the goodlieſt Territories in [Page] England, having more Gentlemen holding of it than any other.

2. Ruthin, a very great Market-Town, full of Inhabitants, and well repleniſhed with Buildings, particularly famous not long ſince for a ſtately Caſtle, Built by Roger Grey in the Reign of King Edward the Firſt.

Flintſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Flintum, is bounded on the North with an Arm of the Iriſh Sea; on the Eaſt with Cheſhire, and on the other parts with Denbighſhire. The Air is healthful and temperate, without any Foggy Clouds and Fenny Vapours; the Soil bringeth forth plenty of Co [...] and Paſture.

The Principal Town is

St. Aſaph, a very ancient City, but at preſent it is neither remarkable for its Buildings, nor the Church for its Beauty; 'tis honoured with a Biſhop's See; it took its name from Aſaph, a very devout pious Man, and was Founded in the Year of our Redemption 560, by Kentigern Biſhop of Glaſcow, who fled hither out of Scotland.

§

Yorkſhire, Brigantes.

[Page]

IN Latin Eboracum; on the North ſide it hath the Biſhoprick of Durham, which the River Tees with a continued courſe ſeparateth from it; on the Eaſt it is bounded by the German Ocean; on the South it is enclos'd, firſt with Cheſhire and Darbyſhire, afterwards with Nottinghamſhire, and then with Lincolnſhire; on the Weſt it hath Lancaſhire and Weſtmorland; the whole Shire is divided into Three parts, which are term'd,

The Weſt Riding

The Eaſt Riding

The North Riding

Weſt-Riding.

[Page]

IS compaſs'd by the River Ouſe, with the bound of Lancaſhire, and South limits of the Shire, and beareth towards the Weſt and South.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Sheffield, a Town of great repute, both for its Inhabitants, who are generally Smiths, as well as for the many Iron Mines which are found thereabouts; 'tis Fortified with a ſtrong and ancient Caſtle.

2. Halyfax, a famous Town lying from Weſt to Eaſt upon the ſteep deſcent of an Hill; it is not many Years ſince it took this Name, it being formerly called Horton; is is ſo very populous, that it is thought to have 12000 Inhabitants.

3. Wakefield, a great Market-Town well frequented, its Buildings are very beautiful, famous it is for its Inhabitants getting great ſtore of Wealth by making Cloth; nor is it leſs remarkable for its Bridge, upon which King [Page] Edward the Fourth erected a beautiful Chappel in memory of thoſe who loſt their Lives in Battel, his own Father being ſlain in the Field by thoſe that ſided with the Houſe of Lancaſter.

4. Leeds, formerly a Houſe of the Kings, but now grown to be a populous rich Town by reaſon of Clothing.

5. Towton, a little Country Village, which may not be unfitly termed England's Pharſalia; famous it is for the Battel between the Houſes of York and Lancaſter, where the Lancaſtrians received ſo terrible an overthrow, that they left more than 30000 dead upon the place.

6. York the ſecond City of England, the faireſt in all this County, it being a ſingular ſafeguard and Ornament to all the Northern parts; a pleaſant place, large and ſtately, well fortified and beautifully adorn'd as well with private as publick Buildings; rich, populous, and to its greater dignity, it hath a ſtately Cathedral conſecrated to St. Peter, and an Archiepiſcopal See, which beſide Twelve Biſhopricks in England, exerciſed formerly the Power of a Primate over all the [Page] Biſhops of Scotland; but it hath now but Four within its Dioceſe, viz. the Biſhoprick of Durham, of Carliſle, of Cheſter, and of the Iſle of Man. Memorable it is for the Death of Severus the Emperor, and of Conſtantine the Father of Conſtantine the Great.

Eaſt-Riding.

[Page]

ON the North and Weſt ſide 'tis bounded with the River Darwent; on the South with the Salt Water of Humber, and on the Eaſt with the German Ocean.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Beverly, a great Town, very populous and full of Trade; ſo named from John de Beverly Archbiſhop of York, a Godly and Learned Man, who after he had given over his Biſhoprick as weary of this World, came hither and ended his Life in Contemplation, An. Dom. 721.

2. Hull, a Town Founded by King Edward the Firſt, which by little and little hath roſe to that Dignity, that for ſtately and ſumptuous Buildings, for ſtrong Blockhouſes, for well-furniſhed Ships, for ſtore of Merchants, and abundance of all things, it is become now the moſt famous Town in all theſe parts; the Inhabitants make a great Trade of Iſland Fiſh dried and hardened, which [Page] they term Stock-Fiſh, whereby they gather a maſs of Riches.

3. Patrington, a Town pleaſantly ſeated, having a moſt delightful Proſpect; on one ſide lieth the main Sea, on the other the Humber, and over-againſt it the freſh and green Borders of Lincolnſhire. The Inhabitants glory much on the account of their Antiquity and the commodiouſneſs of their Haven.

North-Riding.

[Page]

OR the North part of this County, ſtretcheth it ſelf Weſtward 60 Miles together, even as far as to Weſtmorland; 'tis limited on the one ſide with Darwent, and for a while with the River Ure; on the other ſide with the River Tees running all along by it, which on the North Coaſt ſeparateth it from the Biſhoprick of Durham.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Pickering, a large Town belonging to the Dutchy of Lancaſter, ſituate upon an Hill, and defended by an old Caſtle, to which a great number of ſmall Villages lying round about do appertain.

2. Scarborough-Caſtle, is ſe [...]ed on a Rock of a wonderful heighth and bigneſs, which by reaſon of ſteep Cliffs is almoſt inacceſſible on every ſide; it was at firſt Built by William le Groſſe Earl of Albermarle, which being in proceſs of time fallen down, it was afterwards Rebuilt by King Henry the [Page] Second; here the Hollanders Fiſh for Herrings, demanding firſt Licenſe of the Lord of the Caſtle.

3. Rhidal, a pleaſant beautiful Market-Town, adorn'd with Twenty three Pariſh-Churches, through the midſt whereof runneth the River Rhy.

4. Malton, a large Market-Town, well frequented for Corn, Horſes, Fiſh, and Implements of Husbandry; here are to be ſeen the Foundations of an old Caſtle belonging to the Family of the Veſcys.

5. Richmond, a fair beautiful Town, ſeated on the River Swall; it ſeems to have been formerly Fortified with a Wall, whoſe Gates yet ſtand in the midſt of the Town, ſo that the Suburbs are extended far without the ſame; it is indifferently populous and well frequented; the People are moſt employed in Knitting of Stockings, wherewith even the Decrepit and Children get their own Livings.

Durham.

[Page]

IN Latin Dunelmus, is bounded on the North by Northumberland; on the West, where it is more narrow, by Westmorland and Cumberland; on the South it hath Yorkſhire; and on the East the German Ocean. The Air is ſharp and piercing, and would be more violent were it not for the Vapours of the German Sea, which diſſolving the Ice and Snow, make the Air more mild and temperate. As for the Soil the Eaſt part is by far the richeſt.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Hartlepool, a very large Town of good reſort, it has a very ſafe and convenient Harbour for Shipping.

2. Durham, a noble City ſeated on high, and ſhap'd in form of an Egg, environ'd on all ſides, but on the North, with the River Were; 'tis Fortified with a Wall; its Buildings are beautiful, but eſpecially its Cathedral, which ſtanding on the South ſide where the River windeth its ſelf about, [Page] maketh a ſolemn and gallant ſhow, having an high Tower in the midſt, an [...] two Spires at the Weſt end. Famous it is likewiſe for its Caſtle, which ſtandeth between two ſtone Bridges over the River; as alſo for its ſpacious Market-place, and for St. Nicholas's Church, which is a beautiful Fabrick. Near unto this City, at Nevils Croſs, a ſore Battel was Fought between the Engliſh and Scots, wherein David Bruce, King of Scotland, with many of his Nobility, were taken Priſoners by Queen Philippa, Wife to that glorious Prince King Edward the Third, who in Perſon was preſent in the Field.

Lancaſhire.

[Page]

IN Latin Lancaſtria, is enclos'd between Yorkſhire on the Eaſt ſide, and the Iriſh Sea on the Weſt; on the South ſide, where it boundeth on Cheſhire, it is broader, and by degrees the more Northward it goeth, where it confineth on Weſtmorland, it is narrower. The Air is ſubtle and piercing, not troubled with groſs Vapours; but the Soil for the moſt part is lean and barren, yet it produceth ſuch numbers of Cattel of ſuch large proportion, that even Spain can ſcarce afford the like.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Mancheſter, a very beautiful Town, far excelling all others round about it; 'tis of good reſort, and is famous for Clothing; the Market-place is large and ſpacious; 'tis alſo adorn'd with a very fair Church and College, Founded by Thomas Lord Delaware; it was in former times called Mancunium, and was made a Fort and Station of the Romans.

[Page] 2. Riblecheſter, though it be at preſent but a ſmall Town, yet by Tradition it hath had the repute of the richeſt Town in Chriſtendom, and is reported to have been the Seat of the Romans, which the many Monuments of their Antiquities, Statues, Pieces of Coin, and other ſeveral Inſcriptions digged up from time to time by the Inhabitants, may give us ſufficient perſuaſion to believe.

3. Warrington, a fair Market-Town, known by reaſon of the Lords thereof ſirnam'd the Butlers, who obtain'd of Edward the Firſt the liberty of a Market for it.

4. [...], a good well frequented Town, famous for it, Antiquity, but more famous for a convenient paſſage from this place to Ireland.

5. Ormeskirk, a Market-Town, remarkable for the Sepulchres of the Stanleys, the Earls of Darby.

6. Preſton, a Town of good reſort, ſo named from the Religious Men dwelling in it.

[Page] 7. Lancaſter, it was formerly the chief Town of this Shire, but at this day it is neither well peopled nor much frequented; moſt of its Inhabitants are given to Huſbandry, the Territory round about being well Manur'd, lying open, freſh, and fair, and not void of Woods; Roman Coins are often digged up here, and here they ſay was the plot of ground in which the ancient Town was planted, which was deſtroyed by the Scots, An. Dom. 1 [...]2. 'tis ſufficiently famous in our Engliſh Annals for thoſe Noble Perſons who have ſucceſſively born the Title of Earls and Dukes of it, the greateſt Princes for Revenues of any Subjects in Chriſtendom.

Weſtmorland.

[Page]

IN Latin Weſtmoria, is bounded on the Weſt and North with Cumberland; on the Eaſt with Yorkſhire and the Biſhoprick of Durham; and on the South with Lancaſhire. The Air is ſharp and piercing, purging its ſelf from Miſts and Vapours; but the Soil for the generality is ſo unfertile, that it can hardly be brought to any fruitfulneſs by the induſtry and painful labour of the Husbandman.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Appleby, a Town pleaſantly ſeated, encompaſs'd for the moſt part with the River Eden; but it is at preſent ſo ſlenderly Inhabited, and the Buildings ſo rude and ſimple, that were it not for its Antiquity, it deſerveth not to be accounted the Shire-Town, and to have the Aſſizes kept in the Caſtle, which is the common Goal for Malefactors; in ſhort, all the beauty lies in one broad Street, which from North to South riſeth with an eaſy aſcent of an Hill, in the upper part ſtandeth the Caſtle, in the lower [Page] the Church, and by that a very good School Founded by Robert Langton and Miles Spenſer, Doctors of Law.

2. Kirkby Lonſdale, a Town ſituate on the Eaſt ſide of this Shire, the tract of Land lying about it being called Lonſdale; it hath a very good frequented Market; all the People round about repair hither on Sundays to Church.

3. Kirkby Stephen, a fair Market-Town of good reſort.

4. Kendall, ſituate in a Dale on the River Can, from whence it had its Name; it is the chief Town in Weſtmorland, having two long fair broad Streets croſſing one another; it is of great Trade and Reſort, and for the diligent and induſtrious practice of the Inhabitants ſo excels the reſt, that in regard thereof it carrieth a ſuper-eminent Name above them, and hath great Vent and Traffick for her Woollen Cloaths through all the parts of England. Famous it is for giving the Title of Earl to John Duke of Bedford, Regent of France in the time of King Henry the Sixth.

Cumberland.

[Page]

IN Latin Cumbria; on the North boundeth on Scotland; on the South and Weſt the Iriſh Sea beateth upon it; and Eastward, above Westmorlan [...], it confineth on Northumberland. Its ancient Inhabitants, though known to the Romans by the name of Brigantes, were the natural Britons, who called themſelves [...] The Air is piercing, and of a ſharp temperature, and would be more biting, were it not that the high Hills oppoſe and break off the Northern Storms, and diſſolve the falling Snows. The Province is very rich, the Vales ſmile with Corn, and the Hills with Paſture; the Sea affords plenty of Fiſh, and the Land is overſpread with variety of Fowls.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

1. Keſwick, a little Town, ſeated in a very pleaſant Soil, being compaſs'd about with Hills; King Edward the Third ordained a Market in this place by the procurement of Sir Thomas Darwentwater [Page] the Lord of it. Famous it was in times paſt for its Copper-Mines, it being at this day much Inhabited by Mineral Men, who have here their Smelting houſe by Darwent-ſide, which with its fo [...]ible Stream, and their ingenious Inventions, ſerveth them in ſtead for eaſy Bellows-works, Hammer-works, Forge-works, and Sawing of Boards, not without admiration of ſuch as behold it.

2. Cokermouth, a rich frequented Market-Town, ſeated in a Valley between two Hills; its Buildings are fair and beautiful; upon one of the Hills ſtandeth the Church, on the other a very ſtrong Caſtle, the Gate whereof carrieth in the Front the Arms of the Percus.

3. Papcaſtle, an ancient Caſtle, but at this preſent almoſt ruinated; however memorable it is, in that for a great number of Monuments it layeth claim to a Roman Antiquity; among which was found a large Veſſel of Greeniſh Stone, engraven with little Images, which ſerveth now for a Sacrarium Regenerationis in St. Brigids Church hard by. Several Authors tell us, that Fonts were adorn'd with Pictures of Holy Men, to the end that ſuch as were Baptized, might have [Page] before their Eyes the Pictures of thoſe Men whoſe deeds they were to imitate; ſo ſaith Pontius Paulinus: for in the firſt Plantation of Chriſtianity among the Gentiles, ſuch only as were of full Age, after they had been Inſtructed in the Principles of the Chriſtian Religion, were admitted to Baptiſm; and that but twice in the year, viz. at Eaſter and Whitſontide, except on urgent occaſions; at which times they which were to be Baptized were attired in White Garments, Exorciſed and Exſuffled with ſundry Ceremonies, which I leave to the Learned in Chriſtian Antiquities.

4. Solway-Frith; within this very Frith, where the Salt-waters ebb and flow, the Engliſh and Scots by report of the Inhabitants, fought with their Fleets at full Sea, and with their Horſe and Footmen at the ebb; which ſeems no leſs marvellous, than that which Pliny reported, not without wonder, of the like place in Caramania; this Arm of the Sea is called Solway-Frith, from Solway a Town of Scotland bordering upon it.

5. Penrith, a little Town of an indifferent Trade, Fortified on the Weſt ſide with a Caſtle of the Kings, which in the Reign [Page] of King Henry the Sixth, was repaired out of the Ruins of a Roman Fort; 'tis adorn'd with a fair Church, and a beautiful Market-place.

6. Carliſle, a City commodiouſly and pleaſantly ſeated; 'tis guarded on the North with the Channel of Eden; on the East with Deterill; on the Weſt with Caud; beſides theſe natural Fences, 'tis Fortified with ſtrong Walls of Stone, with a Caſtle and Cittadel; in faſhion it lieth out ſomewhat long, running out from Weſt to Eaſt; on the Weſt ſide ſtandeth the Caſtle, repair'd by King Richard the Third; in the midſt of the City ſtandeth the Cathedral Church, the upper-part of which being the newer, is very artificially and curiouſly wrought, but the nether part is much more ancient. That this City flouriſhed in the times of the Romans, divers tokens of Antiquity now and then digged up there, and the famous mention of it in thoſe days do ſufficiently prove.

The Picts Wall.

[Page]

THrough the higher part of Cumberland ſhooteth that famous Wall which was the limit of the Roman Province; for when the Romans had enlarg'd their Empire, even ſo far beyond their Wiſhes, that the unwieldineſs thereof began to be of its ſelf fearfully ſuſpected, the Emperors thought it the ſafeſt way to limit the ſame with certain bounds; In this Iſla [...]d therefore the Romans when they perceived that the further parts of Brittain lying Northward were Cold, of a rough and barren Soil, and Inhabited by the Caledonians, Britons, and barbarous Nations, in ſubduing which they were ſure to take much pains, and reap very ſmall Profit; built at ſeveral times divers Fences, as well to bound as to defend the Province; the firſt Wall or Fence is thought to have been raiſed by Julius Agricola, it being made of Turfs, between [Page] Edenborough and Dunbritton Frith; the ſecond Fence was by the River Tine, where a Stone Wall Fight Foot broad, and Twelve Foot high, was Built, being an Hundred Miles long, reaching from the German Sea to the Iriſh Ocean. It was begun by the command of Adrian the Emperor, and was finiſhed by Severus, who hereupon was ſtiled Britannicus. Some report that this Wall was only of Turfs, and that the Stone Wall was erected afterwards by the Romans when they left Brittain.

Lollius Urbicus Lieutenant of Brittain, under the Emperor Antoninus Pius, enlarged the bounds again as far as to the firſt Frontier Fence that was raiſed by Agricola.

The firſt that was ever blamed for neglecting theſe limits, was Conſtantine the Great, for he it was that was the firſt and principal cauſe that the ſtate of the Empire ran to ruin; however, this admirable work could not divert the tempeſtuous ſtorms of Foregin Enemies; for when the Romans retired out of Brittain, the Picts and Scots a [...]ulting [Page] the Wall, broke down the Fences with their Engines, and over-ran Brittain, being then diſarm'd and ſhaken with Civil Broils, and moſt miſerably afflicted with extream Famine.

Northumberland, Ottadini.

[Page]

IN Latin Northumbria; it lieth encloſed in faſhion of a Triangle, but not with equal ſides; the South ſide is ſhut in with Darwent running into Tine, and with the River Tine its ſelf, where it confineth on the Biſhoprick of Durham; the German Sea beateth on the Eaſt ſide; on the West it hath Cumberland; on the North it fronteth Scotland with the River Tweed, which was the ancient limit of both Kingdoms. The Air muſt needs be ſubtle and piercing, theſe Northern parts being very much expoſed to extremity of Weather. The Soil is neither rich nor fruitful, it having neither fertility of ground for Corn or Cattel, the moſt part of it being rough, and in every place hard to be Manured.

The Principal Towns are theſe.

[Page]

1. Newcaſtle, the Principal Town in all theſe parts, ennobled by a notable Haven which the River Tine makes, it being of that depth, that it beareth very Tall Ships; and ſo defendeth them, that they can neither be eaſily toſs'd with Tempeſt [...], nor driven upon the Shelves and Rocks; 'tis ſituate on the riſing of an [...], very uneven; on the North bank of the River which hath a fair Bridge over it, on the left hand ſtandeth the Caſtle, and on the right the Market-place, and the better part of the Town; it was Built by Robert the Son of William the Conqueror, and named by him Newcaſtle; the Buildings are beautiful, it is adorn'd with Five Churches; the Inhabitants are extream Wealthy, partly by intercourſe of Traffick with the Germans, and partly by carrying out Seacoals, both into Foreign Countries, and alſo into other parts of England; it was Fortified with very ſtrong [...] having Eight Gates, in the Reign of King Edward the Firſt. Before the Conqueſt it was called Monkcheſter, it having been in poſſeſſion of the Monks, and Cheſter being added, which ſignifying a Bulwark or [Page] place of defence. Shews that in ancient time it had been a place of Fortification. It was taken by the Scots, An. 1642. who enter'd England in an Hoſtile manner, under pretence of delivering a Petition to King Charles the Firſt.

2. Tinmouth, a very ancient and ſtrong Caſtle; on the East and Northſide 'tis impoſſible to be enter'd, by reaſon of a mighty high Rock hanging over the Sea; and in other places ſuch is the heighth of it, that it needs but ſmall defence.

3. Morpeth, a famous little Town, ſituate on the North bank of the River Wentsbeck, on the South bank ſtandeth the Church, and the Caſtle by it, all beſet with Trees; this Town, An. Dom. 1215. was ſet on Fire by its own Inhabitants out of ſpite and malice to King John. Near this place was Born John Duns, called Scotus, becauſe he was deſcended of Scottiſh Blood; who being brought up in Merton College in Oxford, became wonderfully Learned in Logick; and in the intricate Divinity of thoſe times; yet as one ſtill doubtful and unreſolv'd, he overcaſt the truth of Religion with miſts of obſcurity; and with ſo profound and admirable Subtilty he [Page] wrote many Books in a dark and rude Stile, that he deſerved the title of the Subtle Doctor, and after his own Name he erected a new Sect of Scoliſts; but he Died pitifully, for being taken with an Apoplexy, and over-haſtily Buried for Dead, whilſt upon the return of Life Nature was about to diſcuſs the violence of the Diſeaſe, he endeavouring in vain by a lamentable noiſe to call for help, after he had a long time knock'd his Head againſt the Graveſtone, he daſh'd out his own Brains, and at laſt yielded up his vital Breath.

4. Barwick, the utmoſt Town in England, and the ſtrongeſt Hold in all Brittain; 'tis ſituated between two moſt mighty Kingdoms, as Pliny has reported of Palmyra in Syria; it was the firſt thing always that both Nations took care of whenever they were at diſcord, it having had different fortunes, being one time under the power of the Scots, and another time of the Engliſh. Our Kings have oftentimes Fortified and Fenc'd it with new Works, but eſpecially Queen Elizabeth, who enclos'd it about in a narrower compaſs within the old Wall, with an high Wall of Stone moſt ſtrangely compacted together, which, ſhe hath [Page] ſo forewarded again, with a Counterſcarp, a Bank round about, with Mounts of Earth, and other Terraces above, that the ſtrength thereof may juſtly cut off all hopes of winning it, if theſe two ſo glorious Nations had not been moſt happily united.

FINIS.

ERRATA.

PAge 6. Line 17. after proof add of. P. 39. l. 22. for Coraſus read Ceraſus. P. 57. l. 12. for raffris read raſtris. L. 13. for mirabitus read mirabitur. P. 63. l 20. for Neets read Neots. L. 21. for Neutus read Neotus. P. 76. l 11. for Praeciduum read Praeſidium.

A Table of the Ancient Inhabitants of ENGLAND.

[Page]

[Page]

ATtrebates Page 30

Belgae Page 19

Brigantes Page 105

Cantii vel Cangi Page 39

Cateuchlani Page 48

Coritani Page 65

Cornavii Page 76

Danmonii Page 12

Durotriges Page 17

Dobuni Page 44

Dimaetae Page 93

Iceni Page 58

Ottadini Page 127

Regni Page 34

Silures Page 86

Trinobantes Page 53

A Table of the Counties in England and Wales.

BArkſhire Page 30

Bedfordſhire Page 50

Buckinghamſhire Page 48

Cambridgeſhire Page 62

Cheſhire Page 84

Cornwall Page 12

Cumberland Page 120

Darbyſhire Page 74

Devonſhire Page 14

Dorſetſhire Page 17

Durham Page 113

Eſſex Page 56

Gloceſterſhire Page 44

Hampſhire Page 26

[Page] Hartfordſhire Page 51

Herefordſhire Page 86

Huntingtonſhire Page 63

Kent Page 39

Lancaſhire Page 115

Leiceſterſhire Page 67

Lincolnſhire Page 69

Middleſex Page 53

Northamptonſhire Page 65

Nottinghamſhire Page 72

Norfolk Page 59

Northumberland Page 127

Oxford Page 47

Rutland Page 68

Shropſhire Page 82

Somerſetſhire Page 19

Staffordſhire Page 80

Suffolk Page 58

Suſſex Page 37

Surrey Page 34

Warwickſhire Page 76

Weſtmorland Page 118

Wiltſhire Page 23

Worceſterſhire Page 78

Yorkſhire Page 105

Brecknockſhire Page 89

Cardiganſhire Page 96

Caermarthenſhire Page 93

Caernarvon Page 99

Denbighſhire Page 102

Flintſhire Page 104

Glamorganſhire Page 92

Montgomeryſhire Page 97

Monmouthſhire Page 90

Merionethſhire Page 98

Pembrokeſhire Page 94

Radnorſhire Page 88

A Table of the Cities and Principal Towns in England and Wales.

[Page]

A

ABergevenny Page 91

Aberiſtwith Page 96

Abington Page 31

St. Albans Page 52

Alresford Page 28

Arundel Page 37

Axminſter Page 17

Aylesbury Page 49

Iſle of Angleſey Page 101

St. Aſaph Page 104

Appleby Page 118

B

BArnet Page 53

Barwick Page 130

Baſingſtoak Page 29

Bath Page 21

Beaumariſh Page 101

Bedford Page 50

Bremicham Page 77

Beverly Page 109

Biſhop-Stortford Page 52

Boſton Page 70

Brecknock Page 89

Bridgnorth Page 82

Bridgewater Page 19

Briſtol Page 22

Bruton Page 19

Buckingham Page 49

Burton Page 81

Bury St. Ed. Page 58

Bodnan Page 13

Bediford Page 16

Burport Page 17

Barkly Page 46

Banbury Page 47

Boſworth Page 67

Buxton Page 75

Bala Page 98

Banchor Page 100

C

CAmbridge Page 62

Canterbury Page 42

Cardiſſe Page 92

Carliſle Page 123

Camden Page 46

Carmarthen Page 93

Chatham Page 42

Chelmsford Page 56

Chelſey Page 54

Cheſter Page 84

Chicheſter Page 37

Chipenhans Page 24

Colcheſter Page 57

Coventry Page 77

Cowbridge Page 92

Crowland Page 69

Croidon Page 36

Chriſt church Page 27

Chepſtow Page 90

Cardigan Page 96

Carnarvon Page 99

Cokarmouth Page 121

D

DArtford Page 41

St. Davids Page 95

Deal Page 43

Denbigh Page 102

Darby Page 74

Dorcheſter Page 18

Dover Page 43

Dunſtable Page 51

Durham Page 114

Dartmouth Page 15

Deptford Page 40

Dunnington Caſtle Page 68

E

EDghill Page 77

Ely Page 63

Exeter Page 15

Edindon Page 24

Eltham Page 40

Evenlode Page 47

F

FArnham Page 35

Farindon Page 31

Foy Page 13

Falmouth Page 12

Feverſham Page 42

Fulham Page 54

G

GLoceſter Page 45

Grantham Page 71

Guildford Page 35

Glaſcon Page 21

Greenwich Page 40

Graveſend Page 41

Godmancheſter Page 64

H

HArwich Page 57

Hatfield Page 52

Haverford Page 95

Henley Page 76

Hereford Page 87

Hampton-Court Page 54

Hartford Page 52

Haſtings Page 38

Huntington Page 64

Harlech Page 98

Halyfax Page 106

Hull Page 109

Hartlepool Page 113

I

IPſwich Page 59

St. Ives Page 64

K

KIngſton Page 35

Kimbolton Caſtle Page 64

Killingworth Caſtle Page 77

Kidderminſter Page 78

Knighton Page 88

Kirby-Lonſdale Page 119

Kirby-Stephen Page 119

Kendall Page 119

Keſwick Page 120

L

LEskerd Page 13

Launſton Page 13

Lambeth Page 36

Lewis Page 38

[Page] London Page 54

Leyton Page 56

Lynn Page 61

Leiceſter Page 67

Loughborough Page 68

Lincoln Page 71

Lichfield Page 81

Ludlow Page 82

Lemſter Page 87

Landaffe Page 92

Leeds Page 107

Leverpool Page 116

Lancaſter Page 117

M

MAlmsbury Page 23

Marlborough Page 25

Maidenhead Page 32

Maidſtone Page 41

Marlow Page 49

Maldon Page 57

Macclesfield Page 85

Monmouth Page 90

Milford Page 94

Montgomery Page 97

Malton Page 112

Mancheſter Page 115

Morpeth Page 130

N

NOrton St. Phil. Page 20

Newport W. Page 30

Newbury Page 32

Norwich Page 60

St. Neots Page 63

Northampton Page 65

Nottingham Page 73

Nantwich Page 85

Newport Page 95

Newcaſtle Page 128

O

OKeham Page 68

Oxford Page 48

Oſweſtre Page 83

Ormeskirk Page 116

P

PEnſance Page 12

Padſtow Page 13

Plimouth Page 14

Portſmouth Page 29

Peterborough Page 66

Peak Page 74

[Page] Preſtain Page 88

Pembroke Page 95

Plinlimmon Hills Page 97

Patrington Page 110

Pickering Page 111

Preſton Page 116

Papcastle Page 121

Penrith Page 122

Q

QUeensborough Page 42

R

RIngwood Page 27

Reading Page 32

Richmond Page 112

Richmond Y Page 35

Rhy Page 38

Rocheſter Page 41

Roiſton Page 52

Rockingham-Caſtle Page 66

Radnor Page 88

Ruthin Page 103

Rhidal Page 112

Riblecheſter Page 116

S

SHirburn Page 18

Salisbury Page 25

Southampton Page 27

Southwark Page 36

Sevenoke Page 40

Sandwich Page 43

Sandon Page 43

Stony-Stratford Page 49

Stanes Page 54

Saffron-Walden Page 57

Sudbury Page 58

Spalding Page 70

Stamford Page 71

Stoke Page 72

Southwell Page 73

Stafford Page 80

Stone Page 80

Shrewsbury Page 83

Sheffield Page 106

Scarborough-Caſtle Page 111

Solway-Frith Page 122

T

TOrbay Page 15

Taunton Page 19

Trubridge Page 24

Tunbridge Page 41

[Page] Iſle of Tanet Page 42

Tewksbury Page 44

Thetford Page 60

Tenby Page 94

Towton Page 107

Tinmouth-Caſtle Page 130

U

UXbridge Page 54

W

WEymouth Page 17

Winburn Page 18

Wells Page 20

Werminſter Page 24

Wilton Page 24

Wincheſter Page 28

Iſle of Wight Page 33

Wallingford Page 30

Windſor Page 32

Winchelſey Page 38

Walmer Page 48

Winchelcomb Page 46

Wickam Page 49

Ware Page 52

Weſtminſter Page 55

Wainfleet Page 72

Warwick Page 76

Worceſter Page 78

Wakefield Page 106

Warrington Page 116

Y

YArmouth Page 61

York Page 107

FINIS.

Books Printed for Chr. Coningsby.

[Page]

[...] ſive quarundam Fabularum Explicatio, Linguae Graecae Tyronibus accomodata; Unà cum Locis Poetarum Fabularumque citatis. In uſum Scholae Mercatorum Sciſſorum Londinenſis; Octavo. Pret. 1. s. 6 d.

Scarronides; or, Virgile Traverſtie: A Mock-Poem on the Firſt and Fourth Books of Virgil's Enaeis, in Engliſh Burleſque. Octavo. Price bound 1 s.

A new Book of Cyphers: Containing in general all Names interwoven and reverſed by Alphabet; being very pleaſant for Gentlemen and Ladies, and uſeful for all ſorts of Artiſts, as Painters, Carvers, Engravers, Chaſers, Watchmakers, Imbroiderers, &c. With ſeveral other uſeful and neceſſary Examples. Compoſed and Engraven after the neweſt and true Mode, By Ben. Rhodes. Octavo. Price bound 5 s.

The Modiſh Penman; or, a new Copy-Book, containing variety of all the uſual Hands now practiſed in England, with a curious Copy of the Greek Alphabets, and Joining-hand: With Directions whereby any Perſon may attain to write any of thoſe Hands with little practice. Likewiſe excellent Receipts for making ſeveral ſorts of Ink, and other Curioſities. By William Elder. In Quarto. Price 1 s.

[Page] A new Sett of Round-hand Copies Alphabetically compoſed, which, together with the Alphabets, are curiouſly Engraven, and Printed on the Tops of 36 Quarto Pages, and Stitch'd up in blew Paper; and will ſupply the want of a Maſter. By William Elder. Price 1 s.

Likewiſe the Sett Secretary Hand curiouſly Engraven in the ſame manner, whereby any Perſon may attain to the Clerk-like Engroſſing of any Writings, Deeds, &c. with Expedition. Price 1 s.

Alſo Red Copy-Books, and moſt other Copy-Books to be ſold.

An Exact Table of Intereſt, Simple and Compound, ſhewing the Intereſt of any Sum for any Number of Days or Years at the Rate of, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 per Cent. and the amount and preſent worth of any Sum; and the amount and preſent Worth and Purchaſe of Annuities. Curiouſly Engraven, and Printed on a large Imperial Sheet of Paper. Price 1 s.

England's Record-Ink, which for its Brightneſs and durable Blackneſs is fitteſt for Records or any other Writings, and far tranſcends any yet extant. It is Sealed up (with the Maker's Name on't) in Sixpenny ſtrong Bottles fit for Carriage; being made and ſold by the Publiſher hereof.

Books Printed and Sold by D. Midwinter and T. Leigh, at the Roſe and Crown in St. Paul's Church yard.

[Page]

THE Education of Young Gentlewomen, written originally in French and from thence made Engliſh and improved for a Lady of Quality. Twelves. 1699.

Advice to Young Gentlemen in their ſeveral conditions of Life; by way of Addreſs from a Father to his Children, by the Abbot Gouſſault; with his Sentiments and Maxims upon what paſſes in Civil Society. Printed at Paris 1697. and Tranſlated into Engliſh. Octavo.

A compleat Doctrine of the Bones, according to the neweſt and moſt refined Notions of Anatomy, ſhewing their Nature and Subſtance, &c. By Robert Baker, Chirurgeon. Octavo. 1699.

Plain and full Inſtructions to raiſe all ſorts of Fruit-Trees that proſper in England, &c. the Second Edition, with the Addition of Two entire Chapters of Greens [Page] and Greenhouſes, by the Author T. Langford, Gent. Octavo. 1699.

The Lives and Characters of the Engliſh Drammatick Poets; alſo an Account of all the Plays that were ever yet Printed in the Engliſh Tongue, &c. firſt begun by Mr. Langbain; improv'd and continued down to this time by a Careful Hand. Octavo.

A Voyage to the Eaſt-Indies, giving an Account of the Iſles of Madagaſcar, and Maſcarene, of Surat, the Coaſt of Malabar, &c. Written originally in French by Mr. Dellon, M. D. Octavo.

The Myſtery of Phanaticiſm, or the Artifices of Diſſenters to ſupport their Schiſm; together with the Evil and Danger of them, ſet forth in ſeveral Letters, &c. By a Divine of the Church of England. The Second Edition. Octavo.

The Life of our Bleſſed Saviour, an Heroick Poem, &c. with above Sixty Cuts. The Second Edition. Fol.

Reſolves, Moral, Divine, and Political. By Owen Feltham, Eſquire. Fol.

Biſhop Burnet's Hiſtory of the Reformation of the Church of England. In Two Vol. Fol.

Dr. Cave's Lives of the Primitive Fathers. In Two Vol. Fol.

Biſhop Tillotſon's Poſthumous Sermons, In Five Vol. Octavo:

[Page]

Information about this book

Title statement

Anglia rediviva being a full description of all the shires, cities, principal towns and rivers, in England : with some useful observations concerning what is most remarkable ... : to which is prefix'd a short account of the first origine of our nation, of its being conquer'd by the Romans, as also the occasion of the Saxons and Danes first entring England / collected from the best historians by Mr. Dunstar.

Dunstar, Mr. (Samuel), 1675-1754.

Edition statement

1699

Publication

Publisher

Text Creation Partnership,

Place of publication

Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :

Date

2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A69885

ID [STC]

Wing D2617

ID [STC]

ESTC R17303

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

12256258

ID [OCLC]

ocm 12256258

ID [VID]

57530

Availability

This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal. The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

Series

Early English books online.

Notes

(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A69885)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 57530)

Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 867:3)

Source

— Anglia rediviva being a full description of all the shires, cities, principal towns and rivers, in England : with some useful observations concerning what is most remarkable ... : to which is prefix'd a short account of the first origine of our nation, of its being conquer'd by the Romans, as also the occasion of the Saxons and Danes first entring England / collected from the best historians by Mr. Dunstar., Dunstar, Mr. (Samuel), 1675-1754..

Extent

[6], 131, [13] p.

Printed for T. Bennet [and three others],. London :: 1699.. (Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.) (Errata: p. 131.) (Tables of cities, counties, and inhabitants: p. [2]-[9] at end.) (Advertisement: p. [10]-[13] at end.)

Creation

Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.

Editorial practices

EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.

EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).

The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.

Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.

Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.

Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.

The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.

Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).

Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site.