A Prognostication euerlasting of right good effect, fruitfully augmented by the Author, containing plaine, briefe, pleasant, chosen rules to iudge the weather by the Sunne, Moone, Starres, Comets, Rainbow, Thunder, Clowdes, with other extraordinary tokens, not omitting the Aspects of Planets, with a briefe iudgement foreuer, of Plentie, Lacke, Sicknes, Dearth, Warres, &c. opening also many naturall causes worthie to be knowne.
To these and other now at the last, are ioyned diuers generall pleasant Tables, with many compendious Rules, easie to be had in memorie, manifold wayes profitable to all men of vnderstanding. Published by Leonard Digges Gentleman Lately corrected and augmented by Thomas Digges his sonne.
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Imprinted at London by Felix Kyngstone. 1605.
To the Honorable Sir Edward Fines, Earle of Lincolne, Baron of Clinton and Say, Knight of the noble order of the Garter, Lord high Admirall of England, Ireland, and Wales, and the Dominions and Iles thereof, of the towne of Calice, and marches of the same, Normandie, Gascoigne and Guian, and Captaine generall of the Queenes Maiesties Seas and Nauie royall.
RIght Honorable, hauing of long time sundrie waies found your Lordships great fauour, not only toward my father in his life time, but also toward his, most bountifully continued sithence his death: I haue carefully thought which way I might some way yeeld a testimonie of a greatefull mind. And perusing of late a Book of my fathers to your Lordship dedicated, by negligence, or ignorance of Correctors many wayes depraued: I determinde both to amend the faults, and with some additions to amplifie the same, briefely also to touch and discouer certaine errors touching matters of Nauigation, transferred into our language. And although I haue in a peculiar volume for that purpose prepared to entreat at large, deliuering new Rules and Methods, hitherto in no language published, nor to my knowledge of any forraine Nation practised, not onely in demonstration void of all error, but also in practise feazible: Yet in the meane, least further boldnes by ignorance should encrease, to deriue vs mo erros from other nations, whereof our Seamen haue learned too many already: I thought good at the end of this booke to note some of the most vsed and esteemed, and among that faction held for Oracles, whereby indeede they haue been and are (in all nauigations) so misled, that were they not by sight of the coast, and soundings better directed, then by any troth in their Art, many mo vessels should daily perish. This present token therefore of dutifull goodwill, I shall humbly desire your Lordship in good part to accept, meaning hereafter (God sparing life) to honor your Lordship, and profit my countrey with matters more rare. And in the meane while I humblie take my leaue.
To the Reader.
TO auoyd) gentle Reader) the yearely care, trauailes, and paines of other, with the confusions, repugnances, and manifold errors, partly by negligence, and oft through ignorance committed: I haue againe briefly set foorth a Prognostication generall, for euer to take effect: adioyning thereto diuers profitable collections, and many pleasant conclusions, easie of all willing ingenious to be perceiued. Here note (Reader) whereas the eleuate Pole and Meridian should be considered, in this worke it is performed for London, because I wish this Meridian, situation or clime the exact truth of things. If any yearely practises in like matters agree not with my calculations, bee assured they are false, or at the least for other Eleuations or Meridians supputated, and therefore little seruing thy purpose. And that the late rude inuentions, and grosse deuises of some this yeare, and two yeares past published might be of them perceiued, then filed, and to serue to some profit: I haue purposed euen now to put forth a booke named Panauges, wel seruing their turne, and so generally & most exactly al Europe, pleasant and profitable to the learned, and no small delight to all manner of men. Another booke is also already come to thy hands, entituled Tectonicon, a treasure vnto the Masons, Carpenters, Land-meaters, correcting their olde errors, wrongfully reckoned of them as infallible grounds, teaching faithfully, sufficiently, and very briefly, the true mensuration of all manner land, timber, stone, boord, glasse, &c. And at the end contayning an Instrument Geometricall appointed to their vse. Take in good worth these labours (louing Reader) and looke shortly for the plesant fruites Mathematicall, euen such as haue been promised by my friends, and partly by me. Neither shall my desire to profite, here stay: but intendeth further to procede, if these seeme accepted. As the good will of Printers not had, kept the foresayd from you: so I trust the willing minde and excellencie of Thomas Gemini shall bring them shortly vnto you. Certes my hope is, while life remaineth, not to bee vnfruitfull to this common wealth, with studie and practise.
Against the reprouers of Astronomie, and Sciences Mathematicall.
I Am diuersly occasioned (louing Reader) somewhat to write in the commendation of the Mathematicals: which neede not, but onely to open the foolish rashnes,Vituperant qui simpliciter eas ignorant. and rash foolishnes of such, which of late haue in writing dispraised these goodly arts. It is an old sayd sawe, and true: Scientia non habet inimicum nisi ignorantem. But to auoyd tediousnesse, and chiefly for the more satisfying, I referre all of that sort, which haue tasted any learning (the rest not regarded) to the first part of famous Guido Bonatus de vtilitate Astronamiae in communi: where he writeth contra illos, qui dicunt quòd scientia Stellarum non potest sciri ab aliquo: contra illos, qui dixerunt. quòd scientia Stellarum non est vtilis, sed potiùs damnosa &c. contra illos, qui contra dicunt iudicijs Astronomiae, & qui reprehendunt eam, nescientes dignitatem eius, cò quòd non est lucratiua. Also for breuitie I appoynt all nice Diuines, or (as Melancthon termeth them) Epicurei Theologi, to his hie commendations touching Astronomie, vttered in his epistles to Simon Grineus, to Schonerus, & to the peroration of Cardanus 5. bookes, where he sheweth how farre wide they alleage the Scriptures against the Astronomer, which make wholy with the Astronomer. Melancthon writeth and affirmeth: Arrogantiam esse cum summa stultitia coniunctam, venari choragium aliquod gloria ex insectatione artium, quae sunt graui autoritate doctorum prudentium receptae: he calleth it manifestum insaniae genus, declaring quòd magis opus habent Medicis, quàm Geometris, aduising the learned not to giue care vnto their follie. Sinamus (ait) vnàcum Epicuro ineptire. Which counsell [...]o [Page] I follow. Now therefore, yee enemies of all good doctrine, either giue an ouerthrow and that with your pen, or let famous Guido, or learned Melancthon satisfie. If neither: certes I will shortly (God sparing life) take some paine in publishing the wonderfull vnknowne pleasant profits of these dispraised high knowledges, and by that meanes to inforce silence.
Now in fewe, for thy incouragement in these, thus I say and truly, the ingenious learned, and wel experienced circumspec [...] student Mathematicall, receiueth daily in his wittie practises more pleasant ioye of minde, then all thy goods (how rich soeuer thou bee) can at any time purchase. Id tantùm quod pulchrum est, quod purum est, quod diuinum est, nihil mortale sapiens dulci ardore amplectitur. Vt multa paucis: crede mihi, extingui dulce erit Mathematicarum artium labore. Now to ende: that learned Guido, that excellent Guido Bonatus, sheweth what Astrologie or Astronomie is, and ought not (sayth he) by any meane to bee reprehended, in that the most wise, yea, the holy fathers haue practised that science. Hee proueth it one of the chiefe sciences Mathematicall,Stulti negligunt & contemnunt: qui contradicit ambitiosus est: qui maledicit, fatuus. by the authoritie of the best learned, and by Aristotle in his Posteriorum. How commeth it to passe (louing Reader) seeing it is a noble Science, Et Scientia est notitia vera conclusionū, quibus propter demonstrationē firmiter assentimur, that it is counted vaine and of so smal strength: the secret truths and most pleasant profits therein not desired, yea vtterly despised, & of some busie biting bodies reiected as very lies? Let no man doubt ignorance, the great enemie of all pure learning hath wrought this. Nam incertam vocat hanc artem vulgus, propter errores, non arti, sed hominum indoctissimorum inscitiae, & temeritati imputandos, qui citra delectum omnia effutiunt. Thus I leaue indigestly farther to trouble: fauour me as I tender the furtherance of good learnings, profitable to a common wealth. Fare most hartely well, vnfained good Christian Reader.
The Contents of this Booke.
- FRom the next side to the fift leafe are contayned the forme of a Quadrant, Square, Circle, Quantities, with a figure truly placing the sayd Quantities in the heauen.
- From the fift to the thirteenth, ye haue the iudgement of weathers by the Sunne, Moone, Starres, Comets, Rainbow, Thunder, Clowdes, with extraordinary tokens and aspects of Planets, &c.
- The 13.14.15. and 16. leafe, shewe the causes of such alteration according to Aristotle. First of the Rainbow, then Raine, Frost, Dew, Snow, Hayle, Windes, Earthquakes, Thunders, Lightnings, Comets, Sunne and Moone eclipsed, Quantities of the Planets, and their placing ocularly demonstrated.
- The 17. the aspects of the Moone and her signification in the 12. celestiall Signes.
- The 18.19.20. what Signe the Moone is in and shall bee for euer, the meete time to let blood, to purge, to bathe, to fell timber to sow, to plant, to graffe, cut, geld, &c.
- The 20. and 21. haue Tables for the Sunday letter, for the Golden number or Prime, for the Epact and moueable feasts, many wayes conducing.
- The 22.23. and 24. the age of the Moone, the change and quarters for euer are declared, the Ebbings and Flowings, the breake of the day, the Sunne rising, the length of the day and night, the Twylight for all the yeare.
- Th [...] 25.26. and 27. shew exact pleasant wayes for the day and night houre, with composition of meete instruments.
- From the 29. to the 34. leafe, yee haue the peculiar Kalendar, very commodious for the day and night houre.
- The 35.36. and 37. declare infortunate dayes of the whole yere with a Kalender generall, and Tables as generall for the chiefe fayres of England.
- The 38.39. and 40. contayne plesant Tables for the height of the Sunne at all houres, for right and squire shadow conducing also to the composition of many instruments, &c.
- The 40. and 41. leafe, Colections easie to bee had in memorie.
[Page] This Quadrant is appoynted here to get exactly the length of Staffe and Squire shadow, how vnleuell soeuer the ground be, as I haue sufficiently instructed in the eight and thirtith leafe.
If ye list not to make a Quadrant, ye may vse this very well: adding a plummet and line, with sights or otherwise.
[Page] This instrument must bee made in a plaine fine mettall plate, a foote, or more square. Then it is pleasant for the houre of the day and night, either to be fixed about your house, or moueable if ye list, by a needle to be placed where▪ and when ye will.
The good Marriner may long for the vse of this Instrument: it serueth marueylously his turne.
[Page] Or thus, without the Square this Circle will serue well your purpose, being exactly made and truly placed.
The Diameter, or breadth of this Circle, must be a foot [...] or more, so is it most commodious to serue his vse declared.
[Page]I haue placed ready to bee conceiued euē here at ye eye, the true quantities or magnitudes of the seuen Planets, the one to the other, & euerie one to the Earth: which may satisfie thē that scorned my last publishing, where I declared the Globe of the Sun, to containe ye Globe of the Moone 7000. times. I would they were able to conceiue demonstration made: then ye truth more euidently appearing, would pull scorning away.
[Page] I thought it meete also to put here this figure, shewing the placing, compassing, and distance of each of the foresayd Planets in the heauen: which distances, at my last publishing were thought imposible. This figure wittily weighed, may confirme a possibility to agree vnto the true quantities immediately before put foorth, therefore not omitted here to be placed.
How to iudge of weather by the Sunne rising or going downe.
THe Sunne in the Horizon or rising, cléere and bright,De obseruandis meteoris. sheweth a pleasant day: but thinly ouercast with a clowd, betokeneth foule weather. Also at the going downe, the body diuersly coloured or red, and about dispersed with like clowdes, the beames red, and of length, pronounce great windes, the next day from that part. Blacknesse in the Sunne or Moone, betokeneth water: Red, signifieth winde.
The Element red in the euening, the next day fayre: but in the [...] red, winde and raine. Also the Sunne beames spotted greene, pale, or blacke, gathered to a clowd, signifieth raine. Further, the Sunne at the setting plainely seene without any clowde, declareth a faire night to ensue.
Here note, Ptolome willeth vs diligently to obserue the circle, or circles about the sunne. If it be cleare, and the circle of no continuance, behold fayre weather: If many of them, winde.
Windes more vehement are signified, if that the circles bee somewhat red, here and there broken: but these obscured, thicke, and blacke, looke for cold, wind, and snow.
What is spoken of the sunne, touching the circles, the same is ment of the Moone.
Note here that greater windes chaunce in the day,Note. than in the night.
How weather is declared by the colour of the Moone, and by the nature of the signe wherein she is.
IF the Moone in the third of her chaunge, yea, three dayes before the full, or in the middest of the quarter be found of pure light, nothing compassing her, the end direct vp, she promiseth faire weather: but bent to red colour, prouoketh winde.Luna rubena ventar. pallo [...] pluit. A [...]a [...]lerenat. The Moone pale or somewhat inclined to black, obscure or thicke, threatneth raine.
Also by the nature of the signe, weather may bee iudged, thus according to Steflerinus, Monte regius, Leupoldus, and famous [Page] Guido Bonatus, with others well trauailed in the mutations of ayre.
COnsider the nature of the signe where the Moone is at the chaunge,♈ ♌ ♐ Hote. ♉ ♍ ♑ Eearthie. ♊ ♎ ♒ Airie. ♋ ♏ ♓ Watrie. quarter, and full. It she be in hote and drie signes, as Aries, Leo, Sagittarius, in winter a good token of faire weather: In Summer a great signification of immoderate heate. If in earthy, cold and drie signes, as Taurus, Uirgo, and Capricornus, in winter iudge cold, frost, and snow to ensue: but in Summer temperate weather. In ayrie and windie signes, as Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius, much wind. If in watrie, cold and moyst signes, as Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces, in winter wet weather: In summer a pleasant tempertaure.
ALso, the Sun in Aquarie: the Moone at the chaunge there, or in Sagittarie, or at the full in Leo, betokneth raine. The Sunne in Pisces or Aries: the Moone in Uirgo, Libra, or Sagittarie, signifieth raine, especially in watrie dwellings. The Moone in Aquarius or Pisces, looke for chaunge of weather, then chiefly she troubleth the ayre. The Moone also at the change, or rather at the full, in Aries, Libra, Scorpio or Pisces, tempestuous weather followeth. The Sunne in Aquarie, in Aries, Libra, or Scorpio, but chiefly in Leone: the moone then at the [...]ull, and that after raine or mis [...]ings, look for lightning thunder, &c. To conclude, the Moone in Cancer, Leo, Capricornus, or Aquarius, ayded with any aspect, but chiefly with opposition or Quadrat of Uenus, raine followeth.
The Iudgement of weather by starres.
BEhold the stars whose magnitude you know b [...]st. If they appeare of much light,Cum maiora [...] en [...]m H [...]ore [...] crastescitaer. in bignesse great, more blasing then they are commonly, it betokeneth great wind or moysture in that part where they shew: in winter, cold and frost. When Stars seeme to runne in the Element, it sheweth winde. Affirme also alteration of weather, if they [...]ee fewe in number, clowdie, and of little light. Furth [...], when dimme Starres appeare with long [...]rie [Page 6] tailes, iudge windes and great drought, the more in number, the greater effect. When Starres in the night (as it is sayd) shoote or seeme to fall, it argueth winde in that part. If in diuers places, inordinate windes, if in all places, then pronounce winde, thunder, lightnings, yea weather most tempestuous.
The significations of Comets.
COmets signifie corruption of the ayre.De Cometarum prodigijs, lege Cardanum lib. 5. Fol. 83. & Antonium Mizaldum de Cometo graphia. They are signes of Earthquakes, of wars, changing of kingdomes, great dearth of Corne, yea a common death of man and beast.
Pontanus sic scribens: Ventorum quoque certa dabunt tibi signa Cometae: Illi etiam belli motus, fráque arma minantur, Magnorum & clades populorum, & funera regum, aquarum significant penuriam.
How by the Clowdes, chaunge of weather is perceiued.
IF thicke clowdes resembling flockes, or rather great heapes of wooll, [...] gathered in many places, they shew raine. Also when grosse, [...], darke clowdes, right ouer the North part, or somewhat declining to the West are close with the Earth, immediatly followeth raine. If they appeare like [...]illes, some deale from the earth, a good token of weather ouerpassed. Black clowdes signifie raine. White clowdes appearing in winter, at the Horizon, two or three dayes together, prognosticate col [...] and snow.
Of the Rainbow and his effect touching alteration of ayre.
IF in the morning ye Rrainbow appeare, it signifieth moysture,Arcus nisi sole aduerso non fiunt. vnlesse great drought of ayre worke the contrarie. If in the euening it shew it selfe, faire weather ensueth, so that abundant moyst ayre take not away the effect.
Or thus.
THe Rainbow appearing, if it bee faire,Non appare [...] nisi cùm vapores ra [...]ifican [...]ur vel insp [...] [...]antur. it betokeneth foule weather: if foule, looke for faire weather. The greener, the more raine: redder, winde.
Of thunders what they signifie.
THunders in the morning, signifie wind: about noone, raine: In the euening great tempest. Some write (their ground I see not) that Sundayes thunder, should bring the death of learned men,Signum futurorum bellorum. Iudges and others.
Mondayes thunder, the death of women.
Tuesdayes thunder, plentie of graine.
Wednesdays thunder, the death of harlots, & other bloodshed.
Thursdayes thunder, plentie of sheepe and corne.
Fridayes thunder, the slaughter of a great man, and other horrible murthers.
Saturdayes thunder, a generall pestilent plague & great death.
How weather is knowne after the change of euery Moone by the prime day.
Common tokens of weather meete for all manner of wits.SUnday Prime, drie weather, Monday Prime, moyst weather. Tuesday Prime, cold and windie. Wednesday Prime, wonderfull. Thursday Prime, faire and cleere. Friday Prime, mixt weather. Saterday Prime, moyst weather.
Now ensue extraordinarie tokens for the knowledge of weather.
SOme haue obserued euill weather to followe, when as watrie fowles leaue the sea, desiring land: the fowles of the lande flying high: the crying of fowles about waters making a great noise with their wings: also the seas swelling with vnaccustomed waues: If beasts eate greedily: If they licke their hooues: If they sodainly moue here and there making a noyse, breathing vp to the ayre with open nostrels: raine followeth. And the busie heauing of Moules: the appearing or comming out of wormes: Hennes resorting to the perch or roust couered with dust, declare raine. The ample working of the Spinner in the ayre: the Ant busied with her egges: the Bees in faire weather not farre wandring: the con [...]inuall prating of the Crow, chiefly twise or thrise quicke calling, shew tempest. When the Crow or Rauen gapeth against the Sunne in summer, heate followeth. If they busie themselues [Page 7] in proyn [...]ng or washing, and that in winter, looke for raine. The vnaccustomed noise of poultry, the noise of swine, of peacocks, declare the same. The swallow flying and beating the water, the chirping of the Sparrow in the morning signifie raine. Raine suddenly dried vp. Woody couerings straighter then of custome. Bels heard further then commonly, the wallowing of dogges, the alteration of the Cocke crowing, all declare rainie weather. I leaue these, wanting the good ground of the rest. If the learned be desirefull of the aforesaid, let them reade graue Virgil, Primo Georgicorum. At Bor. &c.
There be a multitude of other not extraordinary, but of the best known causes: many for breuity here omitted, the most part not mentioned, because they passe the capacitie of the common sort, vpon all the which the Astronomer doth well and learnedly conclude. I doubt not, there be also sometime vnknown matters, mittigating the aforesayd, or prouoking tempest vnlooked for, which neither experience, ne learning hath established. How vnkind (these considered) yea how farre from worthie thankes giuing are they, which in generall headdely doe blame, checking bitterly the Astrologer, with these Iudiciarie matters (the least part among a number of his most certaine doings) when things fortune contrary to expectation? Understand gentle Reader, the consent of a multitude famously learned in their buckler, euen in these matters Iudiciarie: who haue wayed a long time prudentlie, the great strength, the vehement force and marueilous natures of all erraticall, and celestiall constellations, with their Angles, Radiations, Aspects, Affections, Stations, Progressions, Defections, Dispositions, Applications, Preuentions, Refrenations, Contrarieties, Abscissions, Coniunctions, Quadratures, and Oppositions, &c. Therfore extreame folly, yea more then madnes doth he vtter, which imbraydeth or backbiteth these knowledges, not remembring the great and manifold benefits had through them, and that with most certaintie in all other doings.
What Meteoroscoper, yea who learned in matters Astronomicall, noteth not the great effects, at the rising of the starre called the little Dogge? Truly the c [...]nsent of the best lea [...]ned doe agree of his force: yea Plinie, in his historie of nature affirmeth the [Page] Seas then most fierce, wines to slow in cellers, standing waters to moue, dogs enclined to madnesse, then most wood. Further, these constellations,Orionis, Arcturi, Coronae Captae, Sucularum effectus. ☌ □ & ☍ ♄ cum ☉ & ☽. ☌ ♃ □ & ☍ cum ♀ aut cum ☉, &c. Orion, Arcturus, Corona, rising, prouoke tempestuous weather. The Kid & Goat, windes. Hyades, or Succulie, raine. What Meteorologer consenteth not to the great alteration and mutation of ayre, at the Coniunction, Opposition or Quadrat aspect of Saturne, with either two lights? Who is ignorant yea meanly truailed in Astronomie, that Iupiter with Mercury or with the Sunne, enforceth rage of winds? What is he that perceiueth not the fearefull thunders, lightnings and raines at the meeting of Mars and Venus, or Iupiter and Mars? &c. Leaue for shame to oppugne these iudicials strongly authorised. He that any other part carpeth, may seeme more then mad. Al truth, al experience, a multitude of infallible grounded rules are against him. Certum est omnibus (que) notum. quòd [...]oeli motus, signorum ortus & occasus▪ planetarum aspectus & coniunctiones luminarium Eclipses, &c. certissimam [...] habent causam. Quis iam sanaementis negabit eorum effectus saepe innotescere, vtpote bella, fames, grandines, aeris perturbationes, elementorum commotiones, terrae mot [...]s, & similia? Positis causis natu [...]alibus, & non impeditis, sequitur effectus.
The learned that listeth ingeniously to prognosticate of weather, will not onely discreetly wey all before written, but consider also with them the aspects of the Planets following, and their combustion in the 12. Signes, with the coniunction of fixed stars, mansions of the Moone, Ascendent, Climes, &c. Also the times or quarters of the yeare must bee noted diligently, (as ensueth) and iudgement accordingly pronounced.
Of the yeare diuided into foure quarters.
THe Spring time is hote and moyst and continueth so long as the Sunne is in Aries, [...] power ouer the brest. ♋ ♌ ♍. Taurus, and Gemini, which is from the tenth of March vnto the 12. of Iune. The Summer is hote and drie, counted from the beginning of Cancer, to the ende of Uirgo, [...] Power ouer all [...]. that is from the 12. of Iune to the fourteenth of September. Haruest is colde and drie, counted from the beginning of Libra to the end of Sagittarie, counted from the 14. day of September to the thirteenth of December. Winter is cold and moyst, cō tinued [Page 8] from the beginning of Capricornus, to the end of Pisces, that is, from the twelfth of December, to the tenth of March.
Here follow the aspects of the Planets, for the better iudgement of weather.
BEfore I declare of Planets and the signification of aspects. it behoueth briefly to open what I call Planets, and what aspects, and how they are charactered and figured. Understand there bee seauen moueable Starres pleasant to the sight called Planets: the highest Saturne ♄: then Iupiter ♃: Mars ♂: Sunne ☉: Uenus ♀: Mercurie ☿: and the Moone ☽, next to the Earth.
Now when I desire to expresse Saturne, I write this figure ♄. for Iupiter this ♃. for Mars this ♂. Thus of the other as their characters declare. All Radiations or Aspects are expressed as follow. A Coniunction is thus figured ☌. and it is when another Planet is ioyned with the Sunne or Moone, or others among themselues, within one degree or lesse.
The Sextile Aspect or Radiation, is thus expressed ⚹, and it is within 60. degrees the one from the other. The Quadrate aspect thus □, 90. degrees distanant. The Trine thus △, separated 120. degrees. The Opposition thus ☍, 180. degrees the one is distant from the other.
Loe here they follow in order: the characters of the Planets and Signes also.
Coniunction☌, Sextile⚹, Quadrate□, Trine△, Opposition☍.
Saturne♄, Iupiter♃, Mars♂, Sunne☉, Venus♀, Mercurie☿, Moone☽.
Aries♈, Taurus♉, Gemini♊, Cancer♋, Leo♌, Virgo♍,
Libra♎, Scorpius♏, Sagittarius♐, Capricornus♑, Aquarius♒, Pisces♓.
[Page] Yet for more plainenesse beholde this figure.
The signification of the aspects of Planets among themselues: for the iudgement of weather.
THe coniunction or meeting of Saturne with Iupiter, in fierie signes, enforceth great drought. In watry signes, floods, continuall raine, generall ouerflowings, &c. In ayrie signes, plenty of Windes.
[Page 6]The Quadrature, Sextile,♄ □ ⚹ & ☍ cum ♃. or Opposition of Saturne with Iupiter, in moyst Signes, causeth troubled ayre, by Hayle, Winde, Raine, Thunder, &c. before and after.
The Coniunction, Quadrature,♄ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ♂. or Opposition of Saturne with Mars, in watry Signes, declare in Summer raine, often showers with haile, thunder and lightning.
The Coniunction, Quadrature,♄ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☉. or Opposition of Saturne with the Sunne, chiefly in cold Signes, shew dark weather, haile, raine, thunder and cold dayes.
The Coniunction, Quadrature,♄ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ♀. or Opposition of Saturne with Venus, in Winter, engender colde and raine, principally in moyst Signes: in Summer, mittigation of heate.
The Coniunction, Quadrature,♄ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☿. or Opposition of Saturne with Mercurie, in watrie signes, bring raine: in hote or drie Signes, drought: in Summer, thunder, lightnings and tempest.
The coniunction, Quadrature,♃ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ♂. or Opposition of Iupiter with Mars, in moyst Signes, declare thunders, lightnings and rayne: in winter snow, or clowdie thicke weather.
The Coniunction, Quadrature,♃ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☉, or Opposition of Iupiter with the Sunne, great and most vehement winds.
The Coniunction, Quadrature,♃ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ♀. or Opposition of Iupiter with Venus, in moyst Signes, colde and mis [...]ings: in the other Signes faire weather.
The Coniunction, Quadrature,♃ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☿. or Opposition of Iupiter with Mercurie, great winds.
The Coniunction, Quadrature,♂ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☉. or Opposition of Mars with the Sunne, in fierie Signes, drought: in watrie, thunder and raine.
The Coniunction, Quadrature, or Opposition of Mars with Venus, in moyst Signes, raine, and tempest.♂ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ♀.
The Coniunction, Quadrature, or Opposition of Mars with Mercurie, in hote Signes, great heate: in drie Signes, drought:♂ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☿. in watrie, raine sometimes, thunders, lightnings, with suddaine fierce winds▪
[Page] ♀ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☿.The Coniunction, Quadrature, or Opposition of Venus with Mercurie, causeth raine: in Summer they prouoke tempest, the more if they agree in watrie Signes. Note what is sayd of the Coniunction, Quadrature or Opposition, the same is also ment of the Sextile and Triue, but they are of lesse signification, so the learned noteth.
A declaration of weather by aspects of the Moone with the Planets.
☽ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ♄.THe Coniunction, Quadrature, or Opposition of the Moone with Saturne in moyst Signes, bringeth a clowdie day, colde ayre, according to the nature of the Signe: If she goe from Saturne to the Sunne, by coniunction or otherwise, harder weather ensueth.
☽ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ♃.The Coniunction, Quadrature, or Opposition of the Moone with Iupiter in Aries or Scorpio, sheweth fayre weather, white dispersed clowdes.
☽ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ♂.The Coniunction, Quadrature, or Opposition of the Moone with Mars in watrie Signes, raine. In hote Signes, diuers coloured clowdes are made all the Element ouer. In Summer often thunder.
☽ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☉.The Coniunction, Quadrature, or Opposition of the Moone with the Sunne in moyst Signes, rainie weather. The more if the Moone goe from the Sunne to Saturne.
☽ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ♀.The Coniunction, Quadrature, or Opposition of the Moone with Venus, chiefly in moist Signes, ra [...]ne followeth. The Moone going from Venus, and Mars, more varietie of weather.
☽ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☿.The Coniunction, Quadrature, or Opposition of the Moone with Mercurie in moyst Signes, sheweth raine an winde, the m [...]re when the Moone passeth from Mercury to Iupiter, then great winds follow.
How the weather is iudged by the Orientall and Occidentall station of Planets, with their Combustion in the 12. Signes Celestiall.
First of the Plenets in Aries.
SATVRNE in Aries combust, that is to say,♄ in ♈ vnder the beames of the Sunne, maketh a clowdie darke troubled ayre. Orientall, I meane in the morning appearing before the Sunne, faire weather. Occidentall, that is to say, shewing himselfe after the Sunne going downe, betokeneth great winds.
Iupiter in Aries combust, a token of raine: being Occidentall, it bringeth clowdes, and dewes: Orientall, faire pleasant weather.♃ in ♈
Mars in Aries combust and Occidentall, good weather:♂ in ♈ contrarie Orientall.
Venus in Aries combust Occidentall, moystnesse, great winds:♀ in ♈ Orientall, thunders and raines.
Mercury in Aries combust, tempest: Occidentall and Orientall,☿ in ♈ faire windie weather.
Of Planets in Taurus.
SATVRNE in Taurus combust and stationarie,♄ in ♉ bringeth thicke clowdes, thunders and troublesome weather.
Iupiter in Taurus combust, indifferent weather: Occidentall,♃ in ♉ pleasant showers.
Mars in Taurus combust, a quiet ayre: but Orientall, windie.♂ in ♉
Venus in Taurus combust, thunders, &c. Occidentall, faire.♀ in ♉
Of the Planets in Gemini.
♄ in ♊ SATVRNE in Gemini combust and Occidentall, drought.
♃ in ♊ Iupiter in Gemini combust, a good signification.
♂ in ♊ Mars in Gemini combust and Occidentall, heate.
♀ in ♊ Venus in Gemini combust and Occidentall, winde.
☿ in ♊ Mercurie in Gemini combust, winde.
Of the Planets in Cancer.
♄ in ♋ SATVRNE in Cancer combust, darke weather, great windes and troublesome weathers: Occidentall, caulmer.
♃ in ♋ Iupiter in Cancer combust, bringeth caulme and pleasant weather.
♂ in ♋ Mars in Cancer combust, great heate.
♀ in ♋ Venus in Cancer combust, a quiet caulme time.
☿ in ♋ Mercurie in Cancer combust, tempestuous weather, chiefly on the Sea: Occidentall, caulmer.
Of the Planets in Leone.
♄ in ♌ SATVRNE in Leone combust, maketh winds and mislings.
♃ in ♌ Iupiter in Leone combust, pleasant windes.
♂ in ♌ Mars in Leone combust, Occidentall, drought.
♀ in ♌ Venus in Leone combust, drought.
☿ in ♌ Mercurie in Leone combust, windes.
Of the Planets in Virgo.
SATVRNE in Virgine combust, is a significatour of infirmities.♄ in ♍
Iupiter in Virgine combust, manifesteth abundance of things.♃ in ♍
Mars in Virgine combust, like vnto Saturne. ♂ in ♍
Venus in Virgine combust, drought: Orientall, contrarie.♀ in ♍
Mercurie in Virgine combust, drought, raging seas:☿ in ♍ Occidentall drought.
Of the Planets in Libra.
SATVRNE in Libra combust, sheweth infirmitie of sight:♄ in ♎ Orientall, cold windes.
Iupiter in Libra combust, indifferent weather.♃ in ♎
Mars in Libra combust, bringeth moysture.♂ in ♎
Venus in Libra combust, moyst ayre.♀ in ♎
Mercurie in Libra combust, windes.☿ in ♎
Of the Planets in Scorpione.
SATVRNE in Scorpio combust, ayre: Occidentall, frost:♄ in ♏ Orientalll, cold North windes.
Iupiter in Scorpio combust, raine: Occidentall, bitter weather.♃ in ♏
Mars in Scorpio combust, dclareth moysture: Orientall, winds.♂ in ♏
Venus in Scorpio combust, raine, both Occidentall, and Oriental.♀ in ♏
Mercurie in Scorpio combust, raging weather, chiefly Orientall.☿ in ♏
Of the Planets in Sagittarius.
♄ in ♐ SATVRNE in Sagittarius combust, cold rainie ayre: Orientall, cold and frost.
♃ in ♐ Iupiter in Sagittarius combust, much raine: Orientall worse weather.
♂ in ♐ Mars in Sagittarius combust, drought.
♀ in ♐ Venus in Sagittarius combust, raine: Occidentall wind & cold.
☿ in ♐ Mercurie in Sagittarius combust, raine: Occidentall, cleare aire.
Of the Planets in Capricornus.
♄ in ♑ SATVRNE in Capricornus combust, signifieth dark weather, with South winds: Occidentall, cold: Oriental, north winds.
♃ in ♑ Iupiter in Capricornus combust, moyst ayre: Occidentall, increasing the same.
♂ in ♑ Mars in Capricornus combust, clowdie: Occidental, some heat.
♀ in ♑ Venus in Capricornus combust, cold ayre: Orientall, raine.
☿ in ♑ Mercurie in Capricornus combust, raine both Orientall and Occidentall.
Of the Planets in Aquarius.
♄ in ♒ SATVRNE in Aquarius combust, cold ayre: Occidentall, dangerous seas: Orientall, raine.
♃ in ♒ Iupiter in Aquarius combust, Occidentall, raine.
♂ in ♒ Mars in Aquarius combust, drought: Occidentall, & Orientall, plentie of windes.
♀ in ♒ Venus in Aquarius cumbust, clowdie: Occidentall, hot: Orientall, raine.
☿ in ♒ Mercurie in Aquarius combust, snow: Occidentall, more cold: Orientall, raine.
Of the Planets in Pisces.
SATVRNE in Pisces combust, bringeth clowdes: Occidental,♄ in ♓ raine.
Iupiter in Pisces combust Orientall, caulme waters.♃ in ♓
Mars in Pisces combust Occidentall, drought: Orintall,♂ in ♓ lightning and thunders.
Venus in Pisces combust, cold: Occidentall, disposed to snow.♀ in ♓
Mercurie in Pisces combust, moyst ayre.☿ in ♓
SEeing that I haue now sufficiently declared how, by what rules and tokens weather is iudged: I thinke it conuenient to adioyne here a briefe collection, how Plenty, Scarcity, Sicknes, Death, Alterations, Troubles, Wars, &c. are for euer perceiued.
A rule to prognosticate the aforesayd by the falling of Newyeares day.
IT is affirmed of some,Sunday. when Newyeares day falleth on the Sunday then a pleasant Winter doth ensue: a naturall Summer: fruite sufficient: Haruest indifferent, yet some winde and raine: many mariages: plentie of wine and honey: death of young men, and cattell: robberies in most places: newes of Prelates, of Kings: and cruell warres in the end.
ON Munday, a Winter same what vncomfortable:Munday. Summer temperate: no plentie of fruite: many fancies and fables opened: ag [...]es shall raigne: Kings and many others shall dye: Mariages shall be in most places: and a common fall of Gentlemen.
ON Tuesday, a stormy Winter: a wet Summer:Tuesday. a diuers Haruest: corne and fruite indifferent, yet hearbes in gardens shall not flourish: great sicknesse of men, women, and young children. [Page] Beasts shall hunger starue, and dye of the botch: many Shippes, Gallies and Hulkes shall be lost: And the bloodie Flixes shall kill many men: All things deare, saue corne.
Wednesday.ON Wednesday, Lo a warme winter: In the end Snow and frost: a clowdie Summer, plentie of fruite, of Corne, Hay, Wine and Honey: great paine to women with childe, and death to infants: good for shéepe: newes of Kings: great warres, battell and slaughter toward the middest.
Thursday.ON Thursday, Winter and Summer windie: A rainie Haruest: Therefore we shall haue ouerflowings. Much fruite: plentie of honey: yet flesh shall be deare: cattell in generall shall dye: great trouble, warres, &c. with a licencious life of the feminine sexe.
Friday.ON Friday, Winter stormie: Summer scant pleasant: Haruest indifferent: little store of fruite, of wine and honey: corne deare: many bleare eyes: youth shall dye: Earthquakes are perceiued in many places: plentie of thunders, lightnings, and tempests: with a sudden death of cattell.
Saturdy.ON Saturday, a meane Winter: Summer very hot: a late Haruest: good cheape garden hearbs: much burning: plenty of Hempe, Flaxe, and honey. Olde folke shall dye in most places: Feuers and Tercians shall grieue many people: great muttering of warres: murthers shall be suddenly committed in many places for light matters.
NOw that I haue opened diuers waies, both for the learned and vnlearned, how weather to come at all times may be well iudged and knowne, &c. I thought it méete, for further knowledge therein, not to omit here the naturall causes of such and so many alterations of ayre. Lo, therefore orderly they follow.
Naturall causes, conducing to all the aforesayd: and first of the Rainebow.
THe Rainbow is the shining and rebounding of beames of light, that turne to the contrarie vapour againe in the cloude. It declareth sometime raine, and many times fayre weather: when the one, and how the other, is before opened.
Of Raine.
RAine is a cold vapour, an earthly humour, or fumosities, out of waters or earth drawne vp by the vertue of the Sunne, to the neather part of the middle space of the ayre, there through cold thicked, then dissolued: Thus engendred falleth on the earth.
Here I leaue to speake of miraculous raines, as Milke, Blood,Quare lapides pluant, lege Plin. lib. 2. cap. 44. Flesh, Yron, Wooll, &c. For more satisfying in these, reade Plinius in the second booke, 58. chapter.
Of Frost and Dew.
A Cold moyst vapour,Ros aestate, prum [...] hyeme [...]it. a little way drawne vp in the day thorow faint heate of the Sunne, descendeth in the night, dissolued on the earth, there congelated or resolued into water, the one called Frost, the other Dew. The last is a signe of fayre weather in the Spring or Haruest.
Of Snow.
IT is a moist vapour,Nix, humor modicè concretus, drawne vp to the middle region of the ayre, then thicked, and frozen into the bodie of a clowde: So congelated descendeth.
Of Hayle.
A Clowde resolued into water, in the fall congelated, maketh Hayle. The higher it commeth from aboue,Grando pluuia in descensu congelata.and the longer it tarieth in the ayre, the rounder hayle.
Of Windes.
Ventorum ergo mate [...]ia, calida & sicca exhalatio.WInde is a multitude of drie exhalations, drawne vp from the earth: and aboue the earth enforced here and there.
Of Earthquakes in the most quiet time.
Quemadmodum in nube toni [...]ruum, sic in terra tremor.PLentie of windes, entred into holes, cones, or caues of the earth, which absent from aboue the earth causeth quietnesse: the violent brusting out of them (the earth closed againe) is the Earthquake: Signum est futurorum bellorum.
Tokens of Earthquakes to come.
Signa terraemotus. A Firie clowde, appearing in the element like a little pillar, is a token of Earthquakes to come. The obscurity or darkenes of the Sunne, without clowdes, and strangely coloured, bloodie or otherwise, is a token of Earthquakes.
Also when Well water and others are troubled, or salt, or infected by sauour, &c.
A great quietnes of ayre by land and sea, and chiefly the long absence of winds.
Also strange noyses heard, as clamours of men, rushing of harnesse, mournings, lamentations, &c. All these haue been obserued to signifie Earthquakes at hand.
Of thunders and lightnings.
Fulgetrum prius cerni, quàm tonitrum audiri, cum si [...]ul f [...]ant certum est, Plin. lib. 3. cap. 56. contra. Austo.THunder is the quenching of fire in a clowde. Or thunder is an exhalation hote and dry, mixt with moysture, carried vp to the middle region, there thicked and wrapped into a clowde: of this hote matter coupled with moystnes closed in the clowde, groweth a strife, the heate beating, and breaking out the sides of the clowde with a thundring noyse: the fire then dispersed is the lightning.
Thus for the learned: Tonitruum soni [...]us est, qui ed [...]r quando nubem rumpit halitus. Fulmen fl [...]mma, vel repentinus est ignis, qui ex collisio [...] nubium, aut ruptura nascitur. Aristotle affirmeth the lightning after thunder, but the fire doth first appeare, in that the sight is before the hearing. If this satisfie not, reade the second of his Met [...]oron. Here followeth a note of lightnings.
There be three kinds of Lightnings, drie, moyst, and cleare.
DRie doe not burne but cleaue, part or diuide. Moyst,Note. burne not, but alter colour. The cleare are of marueilous natures: Full barrels by it are emptied. It melteth money in the purse, it breaketh the sword, the purse and scabberd not perished, yea, waxe in them vnmolten.
Of the Comets or flames in the night.
A Comet is a flame working in a drie, hote slimie exhalation,Ventorum causa. drawne vp to the highest part of the ayre. His matter or substance after it is burnt, and dispersed, prouoketh windes.
The naturall cause of the Sunne cclipsed.
NOthing else is the Eclipse of the Sunne, but the direct putting the body of the Moone between the Sun and the earth, or betweene our fight and the Sunne, which chaunce onely at the chaunge.
A Corollarie.
BY this,Miracle. gather the darkenesse at Christs death no to stande by naturall eclipticall cause: but by supernaturall, or myracle. For it was at the full Moone, Scriptures witnesse: which enforced Dionisius Arcopagita at the time of his passion, to speake thus▪ Aut Deus naturae patitur, aut mundi machina dissoluitur.
The cause of the Moone eclipsed.
THe Sunne being in the contrarie poynt to the ful Moone,Vniuersalis est Eclipsis Lu [...]ç. Non semper in nouilunio, sed in capite & cauda. enforceth the shadow of the earth then directly put between the Sunnes and the Moone, toward the Moone, hiding more or lesse of the Moone, as she differeth from the Eclipticall. Some obserue pestilent plagues, sudden battell, great dearth, to ensue th [...]se Eclipses: which all I desire God to a [...]ert from his chosen. Many other things by these Eclipses are gathered, as Longitudes of Countreyes, the Quantitie of the Sunne, containing the bignesse of the Earth 162. tymes: the compasse of [Page] the earth 21600. miles: whose thicknesse, according to Archimedes rule is 6872. miles, and eight eleuenths of a mile. The quantitie of the Moone is the 43. part of the earth.Omnium planetarum ad terram magnitudo. The Sunne contayneth the Globe of the Moone 7000. times. Saturnus comprehendeth the bignes of the earth 91. times. Iupiter, 65. times. Mars, once, and ten sixteenths. Venus, the 37. part. Mercurius, one. 32000. part of the earth.
Note here, that Alfraganus affirmeth the least fixed Starre perfectly seene, is bigge as the whole earth.
HAec non erunt admirationi, si globi capacitatem ex longitudine diametri quaesieris. Continet enim solis dimetiens terrae dimetientem quinquies & semissem.Dimetiens ☉ ad terrae dimetientem vndecim ad duo. Est (que) proportio diametri Solis ad terrae dimetientem, quae est numeri vndecim ad duo, quintupla sesquialtera. Cubus solis mille tercentum vnam & triginta partes tales continet, cuiusmodi terrae cubus octonas complectitur. Cubus enim numeri vndecim, est mille tercentum vnum & triginta. Cubus verò binarij, qui est terrae,Cubus ☉ 13.13. Terrae, 8. octo. Subducto quoties id fieri potest, minore cubo qui est terrae, à maiore qui est solis, cognoscitur cubi ad cubum proportio, & quanto Sol maior terra sit. Inuenimus ergo octo centies, sexagies sexies, in mille tercentum vno & triginta.
Dimetiens terrae ad diam. ☽ 17. ad 5 Cubus terrae 14913. Cubus ☽ 125.Terrae Diametros Lunae dimetiens complectitur ter, & duas eius diametri portiones quintas: est (que) ea proportio dimetientis terrae ad Lunae diametrum, quae est septendecim ad quinque tripla superbi partiens quintas. Cubus numeri septendecim est quater mille nonagenta terdecim. Cubus numeri quinque est centum viginti quinque. Maiore cubo per minorem distributo, reperimus numerum certum viginti quinque, tricies nouies in quater mille nonagentis terdecim: quod paululum à superioribus obseruationibus differt.
The quantities or rather true proportion of all the Planets vnto the earth, ocularly demonstrated by figure following.
Mercurie is but a poynt in respect of these quantities.
[Page]BY these fiue Globes are represented the true magnitudes of the seuen planets. One Globe or like magnitude appointed for Saturne and Iupiter: Euen so for the Moone and Venus: the rest haue seuerall Globes (as ye may see) according to their quantities.
The nature, course, colour, and placing of these seauen Planets, according to Ptolomie.
- ♄ SAturne is the highest and slowest in proper motion, colde, drie, and pale, like vnto Lead colour, requiring thirtie yeares to end his course.
- Di. 9. ad. 2.
- ♃ IVpiter is next vnder Saturne, temperate, faire and bright: his course is performed in 12 yeares.
- Di. 32. ad. 7.
- ♂ MArs is hot and drie of fierie colour, in two yeares endeth his course.
- Di. 7. ad 6.
- ☉THe Sunne is placed in the middle of all the Planets: most cleere and bright, the well of pure light: euery yeare finishing his course.
- Di 11. ad 2.
- ♀ VEnus is next to the Sunne, colde, moyst, and cleere: yea more bright then Iupiter, her course is like vnto the Sunnes: neuer aboue 48. degrees from the Sunne: called the morning starre when she goeth before the Sunne, comming after the Sunne she is named the euening starre.
- Di. 3. ad 10.
- ☿ MErcurie is next vnder Venus, somewhat shining but not very bright: neuer aboue 29. degrees from the Sun, his course is like to Venus, or the Sunnes motion.
- ☽THe Moone is lowest of al the seauen, running ouer the whole Zodiake in 27. dayes, and eight houres, and somewhat more.
- Di. 5. ad. 7.
For more plainnesse of that which is opened, now shall follow a figure, by the which ye may perceiue how the O [...]be of the one Planet compasseth the other. Also, how these Planets are placed in the heauen: yea, which Planets is highest from the earth, and which neerest vnto vs. Consider wel this figure, so needeth no farther declaration.
[Page]Ye may here behold first th Elementall part subiect vnto alteration, consisting of the foure Elements, first Earth and Water, whereon we are: then Ayre and fire. The other Etheriall part, (which the Philosophers cal quinte essence) containeth the tenne Orbes: the bigger compasseth the next lesser, as the figure before sheweth. It beginneth at the Moone, then Mercurie, Uenus, &c. in height more and more. As the figure declareth Saturne to bee the highest Planet: so is the Moone lowest.
The distance or miles that the Moone is from the Earth and euery Planet from other.
Haec incredibilia viden u [...] tantum ijs qui Mathematicis demonstrationibus non assueuerunt, &c.AS some haue published, it is from the Earth to the Moone, 1570. miles.
From the Moone to Mercurie, is 12812. miles.
From Mercurie to Uenus, as many miles.
From Uenus to the Sunne, is 23437. miles and a halfe.
From the Sunne to Mars, is 157 [...]5. miles.
From Mars to Iupiter, is 18721. miles.
From Iupiter to Saturne, as many miles.
From Saturne to the firmament, 120485. miles.
The whole summe from the Earth to the Firmament, is 358463 miles and a halfe.
Here Demonstration might bee made of the distance of these Orbes, but that passeth the capacitie of the common sort.
The naturall operations of these Planets by coniunction, opposition &c. ensueth: but more largely of me opened in a pleasant booke shortly to bee published. First here will I end the naturall causes of many Sunnes and Moones: then of the Planets by coniunction.
The naturall causes of many Sunnes or Moones.
Milichius noteth the king of Pole to haue seene 6. Suns at once.THese come to passe, when a thicker clowde is gathered toward the side of [...]he Sun or Moone, in the which the broken beames of the Sunne do leaue the fashion and very forme of that Sunne. Thus as followeth, sayth Plinius in his second booke of the historie of Nature, and 31. chapter. No moe Sunnes are perceiued in our time then three: and they are neuer seene, either aboue or beneath [Page 17] the Sunne, but on the sides: neuer in the night, but onely at the Sunne rising or going downe.
What is to be chosen or auoyded vnder euery aspect of the Moone, with her signification in the 12. signes touching the same.
THe Coniunction, Quadrature,♄ ☌ □ & ☍ cum ☽ or Opposition of Saturne with the Moone, causeth an euill vnluckie day for all maters. Leaue therefore to haue to doe any manner way: nothing shall prosper or come well to passe then attempted.♄ ⚹ △ cum ☽ Yet the Sextile or Trine of Saturne with the Moone, declareth a conuenient time to til, delue, or digge, to sow, to lay foundations, to erect or repayre houses, yea, a meete time to obtaine suites of fatherly farmers. The Moone in Capricornus or Aquarius,☽ in ♑ vel ♒ bringeth this latter effect of the Sextile and Trine.
The Coniunction, Sextile, Trine,♃ ☌ ⚹ △ □ vel ☍ cum ☽ Quadrature or Opposition of Iupiter with the Moone, sheweth a fortunate day, chiefly to obtaine suites of Kings, noble Princes, Prelates, of Lawyers and Religious persons: and a meete time to studie, to iourney, to take an honest matter in hand. The Moone in Taurus, in Leo,☽ in ♉ ♌ vel ♐ or Sagittarius, sheweth the same.
The Coniunction, Sextile, Trine,♂ ☌ ⚹ △ □ vel ☍ cum ☽ Quadrature or Opposition of Mars with the Moone, warneth thee not to match thy selfe that day with warriours: notwithstanding very good and most meete to finish all maner firie works: naught to iourney: yet most conuenient for valiant Captaines to worke their feate: to leade, encourage or stomacke their souldiers: most vnmeete to treate peace, to take seruants, or to seeke friendship.
The Coniunction,☉ ☌ □ vel ☍ cum ☽ Quadrature or Opposition of the Sunne with the Moone, declareth a very vnhappie day for all matters: therefore attempt nothing, ne any manner suite, neither plant, build, ne iourney. Yet the Sextile and Trine are very fortunate, specially to obtaine suite of Kings, Princes, and other Nobles. The Moone in Aries, enforceth the effect of this latter part.☽ in ♈
[Page] ♀ ☌ ⚹ △ □ vel ☍ cum ☽The Coniunction, Sextile, Trine, Quadrature, or Opposition of Venus with the Moone, causeth a day most apt to obtaine all suites of women, good i [...] woo, to attempt mariage, and to follow al manner of pleasures, and pleasant pastimes: not vnmeet to hire seruants, to let blood, &c. The Moone in Libra or Pisces prouoketh the like.
☿ ☌ ⚹ △ □ vel ☍ cum ☽The Coniunction, Sextile, Trine, Quadrature or Opposition of Mercurie with the Moone, promiseth a fortunate happie day to buy and sell: very good to enter children in liberall Arts: an apt time for the Uersifier: good to vse Merchandise, to iourney, to send embassage, to giue accounts, and such like.
☽ in ♊ ♋ vel ♍.The Moone in Gemini, Cancer, or Virgo, enclineth euen to the same aforesayd.
☽ ☊The Moone with the Dragons head, sheweth a luckie day for all matters: with the taile, contrarie.
Now ensueth a table shewing what Signe the Moone is in, and shall be for euer: declaring also the meetest time to let blood, to purge and to bathe.
THe Table hath at the head seuen titles. The first moneths: the second dayes: then the Prime: the twelue Signes: the times to let blood, to purge, and to bathe.
Here is to be noted, that those dayes are good for these purposes, which be signed with this letter G. and those euill dayes, that are no [...]ed with B.
| Monethes. | Daies. | Prime. | The 12. Signes. | To let Bloude | To Purge. | To Bathe. A table for letting of blood, &c. |
| Febr. Nouē. | 1 | 3 | Aries. | G | B | G |
| Marche. | 2 | Aries. | G | B | G | |
| 3 | 14 | Taurus. | B | B | B | |
| Decembre. | 4 | 6 | Taurus. | B | B | B |
| 5 | Gemini. | B | G | |||
| Aprill. | 6 | 17 | Gemini. | B | G | |
| 7 | 9 | Cancer. | G | G | ||
| Maie. | 8 | 1 | Cancer. | G | G | |
| 9 | Cancer. | G | G | |||
| 10 | 12 | Leo. | B | B | G | |
| 11 | 4 | Leo. | B | B | G | |
| Iune. | 12 | Virgo. | B | B | B | |
| 13 | 15 | Virgo. | B | B | B | |
| Iuly. | 14 | 7 | Libra. | |||
| 15 | Libra. | |||||
| 16 | 18 | Scorpius. | G | G | ||
| 17 | 10 | Scorpius. | G | G | ||
| Auguste. | 18 | 2 | Scorpius. | G | G | |
| 19 | Sagittarius | G | G | |||
| 20 | 13 | Sagittarius. | G | G | ||
| 21 | 5 | Capricornus | B | B | B | |
| Septembre. | 22 | Capricornus | B | B | B | |
| 23 | 16 | Aquarius. | G | |||
| Ianua. Octo. | 24 | 8 | Aquarius. | G | ||
| 25 | Pisces | G | G | |||
| 26 | 19 | Pisces. | G | G | ||
| 27 | 11 | Pisces. | G | G |
[Page]SEeke out vnder the titles of the Moneths, the name of the moneth, whose day you must looke out right against the moneth, vnger the title of daies, and there begin to tel downewards, 1.2.3. &c. to the end, if it so require, and then from the beginning, if neede be, vntill ye haue reckoned the number of the day that you seeke. Looke what number it falleth vpon in this table vnder the title of daies, that number keepe in minde. Then seeke vnder the title of the Prime, the Golden number for the yeare, right against that, leftward vnder the title of dayes: begin to tell downwards, 1.2.3. &c. vntill you haue reckoned the number which you did keepe in minde. Against that, towards your right hand vnder the the title of Signes, is the signe wherein the Moone shall bee that day. Euen then vnder the other titles, ye shall finde in right order for letting Blood, for puring and bathing, according as they be noted with G. which is good, and B. signifying bad.
Example.
The sixt day of March in the yeare of our Lord 1555. I desire to know what celestical signe the Moone doth then occupy. I find first the name of the moneth, that is March: and the day as followeth, in the next order of this table. I begin here to tell right against my moneth, at the figure of 2. saying, 1.2.3. &c. so I haue at the end and count of sixe daies this figure 7. which I keep in mind. Now I must seeke out the Golden number for the yere aforesaid, vnder the title of the Prime here, that is 7. against the which on the left side is 6. There ye must beginne againe to count 1.2.3. &c. vntill you come to your number 7. So on your right hand in the row or order, you shall see Uirgo, the celestical Signe that the Moone is in: and after that these three leettrs B. which declare bad, or euill to let Blood, to Purge, or Bathe, agreeable to the titles in the head G. there had signified good.
Forasmuch as letting of Blood, Purging, and Bathing, Inundations, Floods, Timber sailing, Sowing, Planting, Graffing, Cutting, &c. depend chiefly on the Signe wherein the Moone is, which I haue euen before plainly opened: I thought it meete to haue them now orderly touched as followeth.
Profitable Rules
A conducible note for letting blood.
LEt blood at no time without great cause, for it bringeth weaknesse and many infirmities. If ye doe,Malum minui, vel purgationibus vti, tempore caloris, propter defectum humoris. see it be after good digestion, and fasting, in a faire temperate day. Beware before of all manner exercises, bathings, watchings, and carnal copulation, &c. After vse fine meates, of light digestion, abstaining from all the aforesayd, vntill the fourth day.
These Signes are most dangerous for bloodletting,Ill to let blood in ♉ ♊ ♌ ♍ ♑ the Moone being in them: Taurus Gemini, Leo, Uirgo, and Capricornus, with the last halfe of Libra, and Scorpius. The rest are all good, so the Moone beare no dominion in that member which ye cut: as followeth.
- [Page]Aries. The Head, and Face.
- Taurus. The Necke.
- Gemini. The Armes, Hands, Shoulders.
- Cancer. The Breast, Stomacke, Ribbes.
- Leo. The Heart, Backe.
- Virgo. The Bowels, Belly.
- Libra. The Raynes▪ Nauill, Buttockes.
- Scorpius. The Secret members.
- Sagittarius. The Thighes.
- Capricornus The Knees.
- Aquarius. The Shinnes, Legges.
- Pisces. The Feete.
- FRom the change to the first quarter, a meete time to let young men bloud.
- From the first quarter to the full, good for middle age.
- From the full to the last quarter, apt for aged folke.
- From the last quarter to the change, best for old men.
- Aries. For the Flegmatike: the Head, and Thighes excepted.
- Sagittarius. For the Flegmatike: the Head, and Thighes excepted.
- Haec diligentissimè obseruare oportet solertem. Medicum, nisi maiora peri [...]ula cogant.Libra. For Melancholike: Buttockes, and Legges excepted.
- Aquarius. For Melancholike: Buttockes, and Legges excepted.
- Cancer. For Cholerike: Breast, Members, and Feete excepted.
- Scorpius. For Cholerike: Breast, Members, and Feete excepted.
- Pisces. For Cholerike: Breast, Members, and Feete excepted.
- For the Sanguine, all be apt that tofore are named good.
- In the Spring time, let blood at the right side.
- In Haruest time, at the left side.
- The learned Phisition will consider, beside all that is sayd, the Coniunctions, Oppositions, and Quadrat aspects of the Planets: [Page 20] with many other things Astronomicall, most necessarie, both in blood-letting, purging, bathing, &c.
For to take purgations, and to bathe.
THe méetest time to take purgations, &c. is neither in hote, nor cold dayes: that is, from the tenth of March, to the twelfth of Iune.
Further by rules Astronomicall,Good to purge ♋ in ♓ it must bee performed when the Moone is in cold, moyst, and watrie signes, as Cancer, Scorpius, and Pisces: comforted by aspects and radiations of Planets, fortifying the vertue of the bodie expulsiue.
The Moone in Aries, Taurus, and Capricornus, naught.Bad to purge. ♈ ♉ ♑ One cause of vomiting the purga [...]ion is, if the Moone haue aspect to any Planet retrograde.
The Moone in these Signes following, very good to bathe:Good to bathe ♈ ♌ ♐ ♋ in ♓. Aries, Leo, Sagittarius, Cancer, Scorpius, and Pisces.
These ensuing are euill to bathe, Taurus, Uirgo, Capricornus.Bad to bathe ♉ ♍ ♑
Of Inundations or floods: of timber selling, sowing, planting, graffing, haire clipping, shauing, and gelding.
THe flood is biggest at the full: because then dispersing her vertue,The fall of Timber. she filleth all places with moysture. By common experience ioyned with learning I knowe, at the full, the Moone lodeth all bodies with humors: and so are emptied, growing to the change. Of this some gather the fall of timber at the chaunge, more to the purpose then other times, wanting the superfluous moisture, the cause of putrifaction, Omnis putredo ab aqueo humido. ortum habet. Schoner willeth from the 15. day vnto the 22. day of the Moone trées to be felled, and that after Midsomer to Ianuary. So timber is strong, sound, and voyd of wormes.
To sowe: Taurus, Cancer, Uirgo, Libra, and Capricornus,Good to sow. ♉ ♋ ♍ ♎ ♑ are best in the increase of the Moone.
To plante or graffe, is best when the Moone hath her being in any sixed Signe, either in Taurus, or Aquarius in the increase.To plant or graffe. ♉ ♒
[Page] To cut haire ♉ ♑ ♎Hayre cut groweth well, the Moone encreasing, being in Taurus, Virgo, or Libra.
Cutting, Shauing, Clipping, in the wa [...]e causeth baldnesse: what is then cut, groweth litle. Caluitium prohibet oleum Tartari.
The best time of Cutting is in Cancer, Scorpio, or Pisces, in the wane.
These two rounde Tables that nowe ensue, conduce to the rest following
The yere 1554. G. was Dominical. The next yere 1555. F shalbe. Then E, vnto S. Mathies day, and D. vnder him vnto the end of the yere. So orderly, rightward in this Circle for euer. Where two letters are, that is the Leape yeare.
Or thus for the Leape yeare.
Deuide the yere of our Lorde by 4. if nothyng be left, it is the Leape yeare, The remayne noteth the .1. the .2.02.3. yeares, after the Leape yeare.
Seek out the yeare of the Lord, vnder it, is the prime. Thē the Epact. VVhich chaungeth euerye yeare at the first daye of Marche, the Dominicall letter and Prime, the fyrst of Ianuary.
| The prime. | The sondaies letter. | The first Lent sondaye. | Faster daye. | Rogation. | whitsontide. | Betwixt whitsond. & midso. | |
| 16 | Februarie. | Marche. | April. | Maye. | wek. | daies | |
| 5 | d | 8 | 22 | 26 | 10 | 6 | 3 |
| e | 9 | 23 | 27 | 11 | 6 | 2 | |
A table for moueable feasts. 13 | f | 10 | 24 | 28 | 12 | 6 | 1 |
| 2 | g | 11 | 25 | 29 | 13 | 6 | 0 |
| A | 12 | 26 | 30 | 14 | 5 | 6 | |
| 10 | b | 13 | 27 | May. 1. | 15 | 5 | 5 |
| c | 14 | 28 | 2 | 16 | 5 | 4 | |
| 13 | d | 15 | 29 | 3 | 17 | 5 | 3 |
| 7 | e | 16 | 30 | 4 | 18 | 5 | [...] |
| f | 17 | 31 | 5 | 19 | 5 | 1 | |
| 15 | g | 18 | April. 1 | 6 | 20 | 5 | 0 |
| 4 | A | 19 | 2 | 7 | 21 | 4 | 6 |
| b | 20 | 3 | 8 | 22 | 4 | 5 | |
| 12 | c | 21 | 4 | 9 | 23 | 4 | 4 |
| 1 | d | 22 | 5 | 10 | 2 [...] | 4 | 3 |
| e | 23 | 6 | 11 | 25 | 4 | 2 | |
| 9 | f | 24 | 7 | 12 | 26 | 4 | 1 |
| g | 25 | 8 | 13 | 27 | 4 | 0 | |
| 17 | A | 26 | 9 | 14 | 28 | 3 | 6 |
| 6 | b | 27 | 10 | 15 | 29 | 3 | 5 |
| c | 28 | 11 | 16 | 30 | 3 | 4 | |
| 14 | d | Marche. 1. | 12 | 17 | 31 | 3 | 3 |
| 3 | e | 2 | 13 | 18 | Iune. 1. | 3 | 2 |
| f | 3 | 14 | 19 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |
| 11 | g | 4 | 15 | 20 | 3 | 5 | 0 |
| A | 5 | 16 | 21 | 4 | 2 | 6 | |
| 19 | b | 6 | 17 | 22 | 5 | 2 | 5 |
| 8 | c | 7 | 18 | 23 | 6 | 2 | 4 |
| a | 8 | 19 | 24 | 7 | 2 | 3 | |
| [...] | 9 | 20 | 25 | 8 | 2 | 2 | |
| f | 10 | 21 | 26 | 9 | 2 | 1 | |
| g | 11 | 22 | 27 | 10 | 2 | 0 | |
| A | 12 | 23 | 28 | 11 | 1 | 6 | |
| b | 1 [...] | 24 | 29 | 12 | [...] | 5 | |
| c | 14 | 25 | 30 | [...]3 | [...] | [...] | |
The vse of this Table appoynted for the moueable Feasts.
THis Table containeth, in the first title the Prime: in the second, the Dominicall letter: in the third, Lent: in the fourth, Easter day: in the fift, Rogation day: in the sixt, Whitsunday: in the seuenth, how many weekes and dayes are betweene Whitsunday and Midsommer. Which all appeare by their titles.
Ye shal consider by the little round Table before put forth, what number the Prime is that yeare, whereof ye require to knowe all these aforesayd: and seeke that number vnder the first title of this Table ensuing. Then seeke vnder the second the Dominical letter, next after the Prime for that yeare: which title ensueth the Prime. Directly against the same Dominicall letter, towards your right hand, in the same line, ye shall finde vnder the titles, what moneth and day, euery one of these aforesayd shall happen.
Example.
I would know this yeare of our Lorde 1555. These moueable Feasts: the first Lent Sunday, Easter day, Rogation dayes, Whitsunday, and how many weekes betwixt Whitsunday and Midsommer day. First I finde the Prime this yeare 17. which 17. I looke out vnder the title of Prime in the Table before. Then I seeke in the next order, and after the Prime, for the Dominicall letter that yeare. Now in right order, according to the title, I finde the third of March to bee the first Lent Sunday: the 14. of Aprill Easter day: the 12. of May Rogation: the 2. of Iune Whitsunday: and 3. weekes and 1. day betwixt Whitsunday and Midsummer day. Thus for euer.
How to know the age of the Moone then the chaunge, and quarter for euer.
By the Prime the change is knowne, but vncertainely: therefore here omitted. FIrst learne the Epact (as I haue instructed) for that yeare ye seeke to know the age of the Moone, then reckon how many dayes are past of the moneth, which day ye desire to know the age. Put that number to the Epact. Then begin at March, and reckon for euery moneth from him orderly one, vntil your said day, including both the moneth of March, and also the moneth of your sayd day. Adde all these dayes vnto your former number, putting away as many thirtie dayes as ye finde. The rest is the age of the Moone. The age found, the chaunge is knowne. If ye adde seuen dayes to the change, yee haue the first quarter: then seauen dayes, and somewhat more, sheweth the full: and so to it adding seuen and more, bringeth the last quarter thus, by seuen vnto the new Moone.
Example.
In anno Bisextili vnum adde The tenth day of Ianuary, the yeare then being 1555. I desire the age of the Moone, I finde the Epact vntill March ensuing to be twentie sixe, that added vnto tenne, maketh thirtie sixe, then eleuen for the moneths from March to Ianuary, including both moneths, bringing fortie seuen: now thirtie pulled away, leaueth seuenteene the age of the Moone.
Now ensue the perfect Tables, declaring the true houre and minute of ebbing and flowing in most coasts of England.
Example.
The first day of Ianuarie, I desire all the aforesaid: that is, the breake of the day: the very minute of the Sunne rising, the length of the day, and also of the night: the Sunne going downe, and the twylight. I finde on the right hand of Ianuarie these numbers running downe, 1.10.20. which declare the first day, the 10. day, and twentith of that moneth. Now to my purpose. I require the breake of the day, &c. The first of Ianuarie in the Table, vnder the title, on the right hand of this figure 1, I see 5. houres, and 54. minutes, that is sixe of the clocke wanting 6. minutes. The rising of the Sunne in that order, is iust at eight, as this figure 8. there declareth vnder that title in the row. The length of the day, eight houres: the length of the night 16. houres: the Sunne setting is at foure: the twylight at 6. and 6. minutes. Euen thus for the tenth day, and also for the twentith of that moneth, in the rowes according to their titles in the head of my Tables.
How to worke by proportion, when the day is not found.
I Would know all the aforesaid: the first day of Ianuarie, I take for example the breake of the day. Remember the first day of Ianuarie, I did finde the breake to be at fiue of the clocke and 54. minutes: and the tenth day I may finde the breake of the day to bée at 5. and 44. minutes, that is 10. minutes lesse. I see now 10. daies doe giue me 10. minutes lesse: I see therefore (by proportion) the fift day must giue 5. minuts lesse than 5. houres 54. minuts: which is 5. houres, 49 minutes my request. Thus for all the other titles.
The houre of the night by the Moone, is otherwise found than before, and that diuersly.
THe houre of her rising knowne, as is opened,How by the Moone the night houre is found. and a mark then made where she shadoweth, in any true fixed or moueable Sun diall, the houres and minutes from that marke all the night after are to be added to her rising. If more than 12. surmount, only that aboue 12. sheweth the true houre and minute. If at the rising she may not be seene, then by the Sunne rising, in that very Signe (with the helpe of this Almanack) you may perceiue what houre she would note at her rising. Therefore from that marke, count.
An other way.
Of ebbing and flowing.WHen the moone is at the full, looke what houre her shadow sheweth in any Dial, that is the houre of the night. After she is past the full 28. houres, ye must adde one houre: But afore the full, pull one from that yee finde in the Diall. If twise 28. two houres, &c. so haue ye the houre of the right.
How the houre of the day, by Right shadow, that is, by any thing directly standing vp, is knowne: and by Squire shadow also.
FIrst it behoueth you to haue a Staffe, or any other thing diuided in 12. equall parts. When ye list to haue the houre, set vp directly your deuided Staffe on a plaine leuell ground, or boord, &c. Note the iust length of the shadowe, what parts it containeth. With those enter your moneth in the peculiar Kalendar following: beholding diligently vnder the name of the moneth, the small enclosed Tables: considering well, which of those small Tables are neerest vnto your day: and that iudge by the signe, or day there noted. That table serueth your purpose: where you must looke out the parts of the shadow afore [...]ound, or neere vnto it: vnder or ouer the which the houre is set, before or after noone. Note the two prickes there, signifie halfe a part more then is noted: one pricke, halfe a part lesse. Here it is also to be noted, that euery table hath within, two rowes of figures: the vpper is for the Staffe, the other for the Squire shadow. And whatsoeuer is before said of the one, that same is meant here of the other, sauing of the Composition.
[figure]The Squire must be deuided from the inward angle to the ende of one side, in 12. equall parts: euen so from that angle the other side into 24. like parts, as this figure sheweth.
These to the wittie suffice.
The composition of an Instrument for the houre of the night which is also a perfect Diall for the day, and excellent for the Mariner.
THe taking of an Altitude supposed, I could exactly in few (and that without an Instrument) satisfie. For want of ye knowledge,
The vse of these Tables.
WHen you will know the full Sea, seeke out the name of the place, where you desire the full water, in the head of the Tables: or learne the poynts of the Compasse there noted: or if you list, know of some mariner, what Moone maketh a full sea there: a Southwest or South Moone. &c. Then ye age of ye Moone found vnder ye place or point of ye compasse, sheweth in right order the houre and minute of the full water. The ebbe then is manifest.
Example.
I desire to know the full water at London bridge, the yeare of our Lord 1555. the sixt day of February. I finde by rules before put foorth, the 6 day of February the yeare aforesayd, the Moone to bee 14. dayes olde. I see also vnder the title where London is S.W. which letters signifie that a Southwest Moone maketh a ful Sea there: and that is at 2. of the clocke, and 12. minutes past. This is well perceiued in the first Table before put foorth, if you run downe to ye 14. day of the age of the Moone, vnder Lōdon title.
A note of the houre of the day and night.
THe ingenious may gather neere about the houre of the day and night, by the Moone: consideration had of the poynts in those Tables of tydes before noted. For the houre is orderly put vnder the poynt of the compasse.
Euery part or poynt contayning 11. degres and ¼: this compasse is wel figured neere about the Centre in the instrument following for the night houre, because ye may by it haue a delectable large vse of these tide tables.
How by the first of the tide tables, ye may readily know when the Moone commeth into the South, when she riseth and setteth: with her continuance on the earth.
SEeke the age of the Moone (as is opened) then resort to the first tide table, looking out that age there: So vnder the South poynt in right order the houre appeareth, when she commeth vnto the South. Then hath she spent halfe that arcke that the Sun would haue had in that Signe▪ which pulled away, sheweth the rising: that halfe arcke also added to her comming vnto the South, declareth her going downe. The arck then that the Sun would haue had in the signe, is her continuance on the earth.
| Monethes | Dayes. | Break of the day. | Sunne rysinge. | Lengthe of the day | Lēgthe of the night | Sunne settinge. | Twylyghte. | Dayes. | Monethes. | of the daye. |
| H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | |||||
| ber. | 10 | 6 [...] | 8 11 | 7 37 | 16 23 | 3 40 | 6 0 | 10 | Dec. | |
| 20 | 5 58 | 8 10 | 7 40 | 16 20 | 3 5 [...] | 6 2 | 1 | |||
| Ianu. | 1 | 5 54 | 8 0 | 8 0 | 16 0 | 4 0 | 6 6 | 20 | Noue. | [...] |
| 10 | 5 44 | 7 49 | 8 21 | 15 39 | 4 11 | 6 1 [...] | 10 | 7 | ||
| 20 | 5 35 | 7 34 | 8 52 | 15 8 | 4 26 | 6 25 | 1 | 5 | ||
| Febr. | 1 | 5 15 | 7 13 | 9 34. | 14. 26 | 4 47 | 6 45 | 20 | Octo. | 5 |
| 10 | 5 0 | 6 56 | 10 8 | 13 52 | 5 4 | 7 0 | 10 | 8 | ||
| 20 | 4. 50 | 6 36 | 10 47 | 13 13 | 5 24 | 7 10 | 1 | 5 | ||
| Mar. | 1 | 4 20 | 6 19 | 11 22 | 12 38 | 5 41 | 7 40 | 20 | Sept. | [...]3 |
| 10 | 4 0 | 6 1 | 11 58 | 12 2 | 5 59 | 8 0 | 10 | 16 | ||
| 20 | 3 40 | 5 41 | 12 37 | 11 23 | 6 19 | 8 20 | 1 | 13 | ||
| Apr. | 1 | 3 8 | 5 18 | 13 23 | 10 37 | 6 42 | 8 52 | 20 | Aug. | 12 |
| 10 | 2 40 | 5 1 | 13 57 | 10 3 | 6 59 | 9 20 | 10 | 15 | ||
| 20 | 2 10 | 4 43 | 14 33 | 9 27 | 7 17 | 9 50 | 1 | 11 | ||
| May. | 1 | 1 30 | 4 25 | 15 9 | 8 51 | 7 35 | 10 3 | 20 | 13 | |
| 10 | 0 30 | 4 12 | 15 35 | 8 25 | 7 48 | 11 30 | 10 | Iul. | 13 | |
| 20 | Cōtinuall day. | 4 0 | 15 59 | 8 1 | 8 0 | Day co [...] tinuall. | 1 | 7 | ||
| Iu. | 1 | 3 51 | 16 17 | 7 43 | 8 9 | 20 | [...] | [...] | ||
| [...]0 | 3 48 | 16 23 | 7 37 | 8 12 | 10 | Minutes to be added, to the L [...]g [...] | ||||
| H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. |
The vse of this table.
COnsider the Moneth and day, that ye require any of the to foresayd: and seke in this Table that same under the title: procede in ryght ordre, so ye haue your purpose. If the uery day be not founde, take the nearest of your table. ¶ Or by proportion the truthe is geuen: whiche all by Ensample folowyng shall playnly be declared.
| Q [...]in Southampton. Portsm [...]th | Redban Aberdē | Grauesende. | Dūdee. S And. | Age of the Moon | London Tinmot Hertlepole. | Berwyke. | Erith. Lyeth. Dūbar. | Falmot |
| South. | S b w. | S S w. | S w b S | S w. | S w b w | w S w | w b S. | |
| H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | ☽ | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. |
| 12 48 | 1 33 | 2 18 | 3 3 | 1 | 3 48 | 4 33 | 5 18 | 6 3 The first table for the Titles. |
| 1 [...] | 2 2 [...] | 3 6 | 3 51 | 2 | 4 36 | 5 21 | 6 6 | 6 51 |
| 2 24 | 3 9 | 3 54 | 4 39 | 3 | 5 24 | 6 9 | 6 54 | 7 39 |
| 3 12 | 3 57 | 4 42 | 5 27 | 4 | 6 12 | 6 57 | 7 42 | 8 27 |
| 4 0 | 4 45 | 5 30 | 6 15 | 5 | 7 0 | 7 46 | 8 30 | 9 15 |
| 4 48 | 5 33 | 6 18 | 7 3 | 6 | 7 48 | 8 33 | 9 18 | 10 3 |
| 5 36 | 6 21 | 7 6 | 7 51 | 7 | 8 36 | 9 21 | 10 6 | 10 51 |
| 6 24 | 7 9 | 7 54 | 8 39 | 8 | 9 24 | 10 9 | 10 54 | 11 39 |
| 7 12 | 7 57 | 8 42 | 9 27 | 9 | 10 12 | 10 57 | 11 42 | 12 27 |
| 8 0 | 8 45 | 9 30 | 10 15 | 10 | 11 0 | 11 45 | 12 30 | 1 15 |
| 8 48 | 9 3 [...] | 10 13 | 11 3 | 11 | 11 48 | 12 33 | 1 18 | 2 3 |
| 9 36 | 10 21 | 11 6 | 11 51 | 12 | 12 36 | 1 21 | 2 6 | 2 51 |
| 10 24 | 11 9 | 11 54 | 12 39 | 13 | 1 24 | 2 9 | 2 54 | 3 39 |
| 11 12 | 11 57 | 12 42 | 1 27 | 14 | 2 12 | 2 57 | 3 42 | 4 27 |
| 12 0 | 12 45 | 1 30 | 2 15 | 15 | 3 0 | 3 45 | 4 30 | 5 15 |
| 12 48 | 1 33 | 2 [...]8 | 3 3 | 16 | 3 48 | 4 33 | 5 18 | 6 3 |
| 1 36 | 2 21 | 3 6 | 3 51 | 17 | 4 36 | 5 21 | 6 6 | 6 51 |
| 2 24 | 3 9 | 3 54 | 4 39 | 18 | 5 24 | 6 9 | 6 54 | 7 39 |
| 3 12 | 3 57 | 4 42 | 5 27 | 19 | 6 12 | 6 57 | 7 42 | 8 27 |
| 4 0 | 4 45 | 5 30 | 6 15 | 20 | 7 0 | 7 45 | 8 30 | 9 15 |
| 4 48 | 5 33 | 6 18 | 7 3 | 21 | 7 48 | 8 33 | 9 13 | 10 3 |
| 5 36 | 6 21 | 7 6 | 7 51 | 22 | 8 36 | 9 21 | 10 6 | 10 51 |
| 6 24 | 7 9 | 7 54 | 8 39 | 23 | 9 24 | 10 9 | 10 54 | 11 39 |
| 7 1 [...] | 7 57 | 8 42 | 9 27 | 24 | 10 12 | 10 57 | 11 42 | 12 27 |
| 8 0 | 8 45 | 9 30 | 10 15 | 25 | 11 0 | 11 45 | 12 30 | 1 15 |
| 8 48 | 9 33 | 10 18 | [...]1 3 | 26 | 11 48 | 12 33 | 1 18 | 2 3 |
| 9 36 | 10 21 | 11 6 | 11 51 | 27 | 12 36 | 1 21 | 2 6 | 2 51 |
| 10 24 | 11 9 | 11 54 | 12 39 | 28 | 1 24 | 2 9 | 2 54 | 3 39 |
| 11 12 | 11 57 | 12 42 | 1 27 | 29 | 2 12 | 2 57 | 3 42 | 4 27 |
| 12 0 | 12 45 | 1 30 | 2 15 | 30 | 3 0 | 3 45 | 4 30 | 5 15 |
| North. | N b E | N n E | N e b N | ☽ | N E | N e b E | E n E | E b N. |
| Foy Lin. Hūber. weimot. Dertm. Plimot. | Bristo. | Milfo. Bridgwater. | Portl. Peter. porte. | Age of the Moone. | Orkn. Pole. Orwel. | Diep. Lux. Lenoys. | Boloig. Douer. Harwick Yarmot. | Calice. |
| East. | E b S. | E s E | S e b E | S E | S e b S | S s E | S b E | |
[...] H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | ☽ | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. | H. M. |
| 6 4 [...] | 7 33 | 8 18 | 9 3 | 1 | 9 48 | 10 33 | 11 18 | 12 3 |
| 7 36 | 8 21 | 9 6 | 9 51 | 2 | 10 36 | 11 21 | 12 6 | 12 51 |
| 8 24 | 9 9 | 9 54 | 10 39 | 3 | 11 24 | 12 9 | 12 54 | 1 39 |
| 9 12 | 9 57 | 10 42 | 11 27 | 4 | 12 12 | 12 57 | 1 42 | 2 27 |
| 10 0 | 10 45 | 11 30 | 12 15 | 5 | 1 0 | 1 45 | 2 30 | 3 15 |
| 10 48 | 11 3 [...] | 12 18 | 1 3 | 6 | 1 48 | 2 33 | 3 18 | 4 3 |
| 11 36 | 12 21 | 1 6 | 1 51 | 7 | 2 36 | 3 21 | 4 6 | 4 51 |
| 12 24 | 1 9 | 1 54 | 2 39 | 8 | 3 24 | 4 9 | 4 54 | 5 39 |
| 1 12 | 1 57 | 2 42 | 3 27 | 9 | 4 12 | 4 57 | 5 42 | 6 27 |
| 2 0 | 2 45 | 3 30 | 4 15 | 10 | 5 0 | 5 45 | 6 30 | 7 15 |
| 2 48 | 3 33 | 4 18 | 5 3 | 11 | 5 48 | 6 33 | 7 18 | 8 3 |
| 3 36 | 4 21 | 5 6 | 5 51 | 12 | 6 36 | 7 21 | 8 6 | 8 51 |
| 4 24 | 5 9 | 5 54 | 6 39 | 13 | 7 24 | 8 9 | 8 54 | 9 39 |
| 5 12 | 5 57 | 6 42 | 7 27 | 14 | 8 12 | 8 57 | 9 42 | 10 27 |
| 6 0 | 6 45 | 7 30 | 8 15 | 15 | 9 0 | 9 45 | 10 30 | 11 15 |
| 6 48 | 7 33 | 8 18 | 9 3 | 16 | 9 48 | 10 33 | 11 18 | 12 3 |
| 7 36 | 8 21 | 9 6 | 9 51 | 17 | 10 36 | 11 21 | 12 6 | 12 51 |
| 8 24 | 9 9 | 9 54 | 10 3 [...] | 18 | 11 24 | 12 9 | 12 54 | 1 39 |
| 9 12 | 9 57 | 10 42 | 11 2 [...] | 19 | 12 12 | 12 57 | 1 42 | 2 27 |
| 10 0 | 10 45 | 11 30 | 12 15 | 20 | 1 0 | 1 45 | 2 30 | 3 15 |
| 10 48 | 11 33 | 12 1 [...] | 1 3 | 21 | 1 4 [...] | 2 33 | 3 18 | 4 3 |
| 11 36 | 12 21 | 1 6 | 1 51 | 22 | 2 [...]6 | 3 21 | 4 6 | 4 5 [...] |
| 12 24 | 1 9 | 1 54 | 2 39 | 23 | 3 24 | 4 9 | 4 54 | 5 39 |
| 1 12 | 1 57 | 2 42 | 3 27 | 24 | 4 [...]2 | 4 57 | 5 42 | 6 2 [...] |
| 2 0 | 2 45 | 3 30 | 4 15 | 25 | 5 0 | 5 45 | 6 30 | 7 15 |
| 2 4 [...] | 3 33 | 4 18 | 5 3 | 26 | 5 48 | 6 33 | 7 1 [...] | 8 3 |
| 3 36 | 4 21 | 5 6 | 5 51 | 27 | 6 36 | 7 21 | 8 6 | 8 51 |
| 4 24 | 5 9 | 5 54 | 6 39 | 28 | 7 24 | 8 9 | 8 54 | 9 39 |
| 5 12 | 5 57 | 6 42 | 7 27 | 29 | 8 12 | 8 57 | 9 42 | 10 27 |
| 6 0 | 6 45 | 7 30 | 8 15 | 30 | 9 0 | 9 45 | 10 30 | 11 15 |
| VVest. | w b n | w n w | n w b w | ☽ | n w | n w b n | n n w | n b w |
make vpon a plaine boord, or rather fine plate, a Circle: the bigger the better: part it into 360 portions, thus.
The Circle made diuide it in 6 not mouing the compasse: then euery of them in 6. and each of those last in 10. so haue you 360. parts. Then charactor it, beginning at the North thus 10.20 30. &c. (as in the figure) going towarde the East, and ending at the North with 360. Now lay a ruler on a Centre, euen with some diuisions, drawing thorow to the extreames of the Circle a line. Then crosse that with another. These two must diuide your circle in 4. equall parts: which lines shew the very East, West, North and South, when by a Meridian or square diall, with a needle rectified, they are placed.
Now to the end, set a small straight wier, a foote or more long with a Uane in the top, plum vpright in the Centre: and there fasten it.
Thus this Instrumēt is finished, to be fixed about your house, equidistant or leuell with the Horizon: hauing a needle if ye list, in it, truly to plage it, when and where you will.
That it may be also a Diall for the day, you must pull straight lines from ye extremitie of your circle outward, to euery fifteenth part decking them with Charactors conueniently as ye see the figure, your rule keeping the Centre. Thus when the Sunne shineth▪ the shadow of the wier sheweth the true houre: the Uane, the windes, &c. being truly plaged, well placed, and reared as followeth, The points of the compasse are drawn within the circle, and about the Centre euery point containing 11. degrees and a halfe. The instrument as you see is enclosed round about with a Square, for the Mariners ayde.
Truly few words cannot expresse the excellencie of this Square for their vse: No otherwise to bee opened, then learned Gemma hath inuented and plainly declared: here omitted of me, not fully occasioned now to write that way. I haue appoynted a meeter place for this and like matter. In the meane time I am readie in word and deede, to further the desirefull in this or any other.
The right rearing and placing of the Diall tofore mentioned.
LIft vp handsomely your Instrument or Diall toward the North in some meete place, the side of a squire lying on it, vntill the plummet and line,In winter the cōtrary superficies or Plain, sheweth the day houre frō ♎ to ♈ centred in the extreame vpper part of the other side of your Squire like long, cut all that Squire side which lieth on your Instrument, the fift part onely except: Then moue your Instrument, hither and thither, this or that way, vntil the shadow of the wire fall vpon the houre of ye day, keeping diligently your height before. Your Diall thus fixed, declareth all the yeere long, the exact houre and parts thereof. No Diall in trueth excelleth this. Haue in remembrance, that this Instrument must lie leuell, nothing at al reared, for the houre of the night by starre.
To get the exact houre by two Starres of the first light, with an Instrument or Circle, tofore diuided, first of me inuented, calculated and practised.
THe Instrument equidistantly set and plaged,Fit filo aut digito, absque regula exactissimè. as is declared in composition, ye ought to lay the edge of a ruler vnto the wire, the other nether end touching the Instrument, mouing here and there still touching the wire, vntill either Starre doth offer it selfe with that edge, and that by the iudgement of the eye. Then put downe discreetly your ruler (euer touching the wire) the hinder end not mooued, obseruing how many parts are cut from the North, to the edge of the Ruler. Enter with them the peculiar Kalendar following: seeking out your moneth, placed in the middest of euery Table: then the day of that moneth must bee there found.
Note that euery table hath on the sides, the daies thus ordered 1.5.10.15.20.25.30. Know, the order or row of figures which is right against, or neerest your day, serueth the turne. The number or parts before cut by the ruler, and now found in the row of your table, sheweth the precise houre. If it be too little, that houre ouer the head or vnder is not yet come: if contrarie, it is past.
How these two bright starres, being of the first light, are found: the one called Aldebaran or Oculus Tauri, the other Alramech.
By what meanes these Starres are knowne.THe best way is thus: The moneth and day knowne with the true houre of the night, enter your Table considering that moneth and day, obserue what parts belongeth there to that starre and houre. Then resort to your Instrument, laying the edge of your ruler, as many parts from the North Eastward, circumspectly lifting vp the edge close by the wire, so the fayre starre shineth euen with that edge.
Or thus grosly.
Another way to finde them. OCulus Tauri is euer a meete rod and a halfe to the eye vnder the seuen starres, and somewhat North of them in the rising: Alramech is contrarie to him plaged, accompanied with three little dimme starres, a rod from him by the iudgement of the sight: in the forme of a Triangle, thus.
Behold this figure: the great Starre dooth represent Alramech: the other three in the Triangle, which is placed alwayes with him, but commonly there doth appeare but one Starre of the Triangle. [Page] NOW ENSVETH THE needefull, necessarie, peculiar Kalendar tofore mentioned: with Instruments belonging thereto. The composition and appliance of the said Tables, with the pleasant vse of them, are before sufficiently opened: therefore further declaration here, might seeme superfluous.
A necessarie Instrument to finde exactly the houre of the day and night diuers waies, with the helpe of this peculiar Kalendar.
| For the night. | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | From euening to midnight. | |||||
| 1 | 108 | 113 | 143 | 165 | 190 | 213 | 59 | 79 | ||||||
| 5 | 112 | 129 | 150 | 172 | 197 | 220 | 63 | 47 | ||||||
| 10 | 113 | 136 | 158 | 183 | 206 | 227 | 68 | 78 | ||||||
| 15 | 123 | 144 | 166 | 192 | 214 | 233 | 71 | 81 | ||||||
| 20 | 130 | 151 | 173 | 199 | 220 | 239 | 75 | 86 Oculus Tauri. | ||||||
| 25 | 137 | 158 | 183 | 207 | 228 | 244 | 79 | 90 | ||||||
| 30 | 144 | 165 | 191 | 213 | 233 | 249 | 82 | 91 | ||||||
| Ianuary hath xxxj. dayes. | ||||||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 81 | 93 | 105 | 121 | 143 | 168 | 196 | 1 | ||||||
| 86 | 96 | 110 | 127 | 151 | 177 | 205 | 5 | |||||||
| 89 | 101 | 116 | 135 | 160 | 139 | 214 | 10 Alramech. | |||||||
| 93 | 105 | 122 | 143 | 169 | 198 | 213 | 15 | |||||||
| 98 | 111 | 128 | 152 | 179 | 207 | 230 | 20 | |||||||
| 10 | 116 | 135 | 159 | 190 | 216 | 286 | 25 | |||||||
| 190 | 121 | 144 | 168 | 193 | 222 | 242 | 30 | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | ||||||||
| For the day. | 10 | Staffe | 26 | 39 | 49 | 83 | 550 | 0 | shad. | 0 | ||||
| Squire | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | shad. Alramech▪ | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | gr. ♒ | |||||||
| 20 | Staffe | 32 | 34 | 42 | 65 | 209 | 0 | shad. | 10 | |||||
| Squire | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | shad. | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | ||||||||
| 30 | Staffe | 27 | 29 | 35 | 119 | 0 | shad. | 0 | ||||||
| Squire | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | shad. | ||||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| For the night. | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | From euening to midnight. | ||
| 1 | 169 | 194 | 216 | 62 | 73 | 83 | 95 | |||
[...]culus Tauri. 5 | 174 | 199 | 222 | 64 | 25 | 86 | 98 | |||
| 10 | 184 | 207 | 228 | 68 | 79 | 70 | 102 | |||
| 15 | 191 | 214 | 234 | 71 | 82 | 94 | 106 | |||
| 20 | 198 | 220 | 233 | 75 | 86 | 93 | 111 | |||
| 25 | 205 | 226 | 243 | 78 | 88 | 110 | 116 | |||
Alramech. 30 | ||||||||||
| February hath xxviij. dayes. | ||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 108 | 124 | 146 | 172 | 201 | 225 | 1 | |||
| 111 | 129 | 153 | 180 | 207 | 231 | 5 | ||||
| 117 | 136 | 126 | 190 | 216 | 227 | 10 | ||||
| 122 | 144 | 169 | 158 | 223 | 213 | 15 | ||||
| 128 | 152 | 278 | 206 | 230 | 248 | 20 | ||||
| 134 | 159 | 188 | 214 | 236 | 252 | 25 | ||||
| 30 | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
| For the day. | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | |||||||
| 8 | Staffe | 23 | 25 | 30 | 42 | 80 | 6 | 6 | shad. | 0 | ||||
| Squire | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | shad. | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | ||||||||
| 18 | Staffe | 20 | 21 | 25 | 54 | 61 | 226 | shad. | 10 | gr. ♓ | ||||
| Squire | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | shad. | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| H | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | ||||||||
| 28 | Staffe | 17 | 18 | 22 | 29 | 45 | 112 | shad. | 20 | |||||
| Squire | 8 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | shad. | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| For the Night. | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
| 1 | 50 | 70 | 81 | 93 | 15 | 120 | From euening to midnight. | |||
| 5 | 62 | 74 | 84 | 95 | 108 | 125 | ||||
| 10 | 65 | 76 | 87 | 99 | 113 | 131 | ||||
| 15 | 69 | 80 | 91 | 103 | 118 | 138 | ||||
| 20 | 72 | 83 | 94 | 107 | 123 | 146 | ||||
| 25 | 75 | 86 | 98 | 112 | 129 | 153 | ||||
| 30 | 80 | 90 | 102 | 117 | 136 | 161 | Alramech. | |||
| March hath xxxj. dayes. | ||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 142 | 168 | 196 | 222 | 241 | 1 | ||||
| 47 | 173 | 201 | 227 | 245 | 5 | |||||
| 155 | 183 | 210 | 232 | 250 | 10 | |||||
| 63 | 192 | 218 | 238 | 255 | 15 | |||||
| 71 | 200 | 225 | 243 | 259 | 20 | |||||
| 180 | 208 | 232 | 249 | 262 | 25 | |||||
| 191 | 26 | 237 | 254 | 267 | 30 Alramech. | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | gr. ♈ | |||||||
| For the dry. | 11 | Staffe | 15 | 16 | 19 | 24 | 37 | 74 | shad. | 0 | ||||
| Squire | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | shad. | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | H | |||||||
| 21 | Staffe | 13 | 14 | 16 | 21 | 30 | 54 | 221 | shad. | 10 | ||||
| Squire | 11 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | shad. | ||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | H | |||||||
| 31 | Staffe | 11 | 12 | 14 | 18 | 26 | 43 | 112 | shad. | 20 | ||||
| Squire | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | shad. | ||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| For the night. | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | From euening to midnight. | ||||||
| 1 | 92 | 104 | 118 | 138 | 164 | |||||||||
Alramech. 5 | 94 | 107 | 123 | 145 | 171 | |||||||||
| 10 | 98 | 111 | 129 | 153 | 180 | |||||||||
| 15 | 101 | 117 | 125 | 160 | 189 | |||||||||
| 20 | 106 | 122 | 144 | 168 | 198 | |||||||||
| 25 | 111 | 128 | 152 | 178 | 207 | |||||||||
| 30 | 117 | 135 | 159 | 189 | 215 | |||||||||
| Aprill hath xxx. dayes. | ||||||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 103 | 218 | 230 | 255 | 1 | |||||||||
| 199 | 225 | 244 | 258 | 5 | ||||||||||
| 207 | 231 | 248 | 262 | 10 | ||||||||||
| 215 | 236 | 253 | 266 | 15 | ||||||||||
| 223 | 243 | 257 | 270 | 20 | ||||||||||
| 230 | 248 | 262 | 274 | 25 | ||||||||||
Alramech. 236 | 252 | 266 | 278 | 30 | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | H | |||||||
| For the day. | 10 | Staffe | 0 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 23 | 36 | 76 | shad. | 0 | |||
| Squire | 14 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | shad. | ||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | H | gr. ♉ | ||||||
| 21 | Staffe | 9 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 21 | 31 | 58 | 267 | shad. | 10 | |||
| Squire | 16 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | shad. | |||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | H | ||||||
| 31 | Staffe | 8 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 19 | 28 | 49 | 139 | shad. | 20 | |||
| Squire | 18 | 17 | 14 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1 | shad. | |||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| For the Night. | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |||||
| 1 | 117 | 136 | 160 | 190 | 216 | From euening to midnight. | ||||
| 5 | 120 | 142 | 168 | 196 | 222 | |||||
| 10 | 128 | 152 | 178 | 206 | 230 | |||||
| 15 | 134 | 159 | 188 | 214 | 235 | |||||
| 20 | 143 | 168 | 169 | 222 | 211 | |||||
| 25 | 151 | 177 | 206 | 230 | 248 | |||||
| 30 | 160 | 189 | 215 | 235 | 253 | |||||
| May hath xxxj. dayes. | ||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 237 | 253 | 267 | 278 | 1 Alramech. | |||||
| 241 | 256 | 269 | 280 | 5 | ||||||
| 247 | 261 | 273 | 285 | 10 | ||||||
| 252 | 266 | 278 | 288 | 15 | ||||||
| 257 | 270 | 281 | 292 | 20 | ||||||
| 26 [...] | 274 | 285 | 296 | 25 | ||||||
| 266 | 278 | 288 | 300 | 30 | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | H | gr. ♊ | |||||
| For the day. | 12 | Staffe | 7 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 17 | 26 | 43 | 100 | shad. | 1 | ||
| Squire | 20 | 18 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | shad. | |||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | H | |||||
| 22 | Staffe | 7 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 17 | 24 | 39 | 82 | 2580 | shad. | 10 | ||
| Squire | 21 | 19 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | shad. | |||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | H | ||||||
| 32 | Staffe | 6 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 23 | 37 | 74 | 565 | shad. | 20 | ||
| Squire | 22 | 20 | 16 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | shad. | |||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| For the Night. | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |||||
| 1 | 161 | 191 | 261 | 237 | 254 | From euening to midnight. | ||||
Alramech. 5 | 169 | 197 | 223 | 242 | 257 | |||||
| 10 | 180 | 207 | 231 | 249 | 262 | |||||
| 15 | 191 | 216 | 237 | 254 | 267 | |||||
| 20 | 199 | 224 | 243 | 259 | 271 | |||||
| 25 | 207 | 231 | 249 | 262 | 275 | |||||
| 30 | 216 | 237 | 254 | 267 | 279 | |||||
| Iune hath xxx. dayes. | ||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 269 | 279 | 290 | 301 | 1 | |||||
| 270 | 282 | 292 | 303 | 5 | ||||||
Alramech. 274 | 285 | 297 | 308 | 10 | ||||||
| 279 | 290 | 301 | 15 | |||||||
| 28 [...] | 293 | 304 | 20 | |||||||
| 286 | 297 | 308 | 25 | |||||||
| 290 | 301 | 382 | 30 | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| For the day. | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | H | gr. ♊ | |||
| 1 | Staffe | 6 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 23 | 37 | 47 | 565 | shad. | 20 | ||
| Squire | 22 | 20 | 16 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | shad. | ||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | H | |||||||
| 12 | Staffe | 6 | 7 | 6 | 12 | 16 | 23 | 36 | 72 | 453 | shad. | 0 | gr. ♋ | |
| Squire | 22 | 20 | 16 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | shad. | ||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||||
| H | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | |||||||
| 23 | Staffe | 6 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 16 | 23 | 37 | 74 | 565 | shad. | 10 | ||
| Squire | 22 | 20 | 16 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | shad. | |||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| For the night. | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | From euening to midnight. | ||||
| 1 | 219 | 239 | 255 | 263 | 280 | |||||
| 5 | 225 | 244 | 2 [...]9 | 272 | 283 | |||||
| 10 | 233 | 250 | 264 | 275 | 286 | |||||
| 15 | 238 | 254 | 267 | 279 | 290 Alramech. | |||||
| 20 | 243 | 258 | 271 | 283 | 293 | |||||
| 25 | 249 | 262 | 275 | 226 | 297 | |||||
| 30 | 254 | 267 | 279 | 290 | 300 | |||||
| Iuly hath xxxj. dayes. | ||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 290 | 302 | 83 | 1 Alramech. | ||||||
| 293 | 304 | 86 | 5 | |||||||
| 267 | 79 | 90 | 10 | |||||||
| 301 | 82 | 93 | 15 | |||||||
| 304 | 86 | 98 | 20 | |||||||
| 308 | 89 | 101 | 25 Oculus Tauri. | |||||||
| 82 | 93 | 106 | 30 | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | H | gr. ♌ | |||
| For the day. | 3 | Staffe | 7 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 39 | 82 | 2580 | shad | 0 |
| Squire | 21 | 19 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | shad | ||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | H | |||||
| 14 | Staffe | 7 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 17 | 26 | 43 | 100 | shad. | 0 | ||
| Squire | 20 | 18 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | shad. | ||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | H | |||||
| 24 | Staffe | 8 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 19 | 28 | 49 | 139 | shad. | 10 | ||
| Squire | 18 | 17 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1 | shad. | |||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| For the night. | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | From euening to midnight▪ | ||||
| 1 | 255 | 267 | 279 | 291 | 302 | |||||
Alramech. 5 | 259 | 272 | 284 | 294 | 304 | |||||
| 10 | 263 | 275 | 286 | 297 | 79 | |||||
Oculus Tauri. 15 | 267 | 279 | 290 | 300 | 81 | |||||
| 20 | 270 | 282 | 292 | 303 | 86 | |||||
| 25 | 274 | 285 | 296 | 303 | 88 | |||||
| 30 | 278 | 288 | 299 | 81 | 92 | |||||
| August hath xxxj. dayes. | ||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 82 | 94 | 107 | 122 | 141 | 1 | ||||
| 86 | 98 | 111 | 126 | 146 | 5 | |||||
| 89 | 102 | 116 | 132 | 154 | 10 | |||||
| 93 | 105 | 119 | 138 | 160 | 15 | |||||
Oculus Tauri. 96 | 110 | 125 | 144 | 167 | 20 | |||||
| 100 | 114 | 130 | 152 | 174 | 25 | |||||
| 104 | 118 | 136 | 158 | 183 | 30 | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||
| For the day. | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | H | gr. ♌ | ||||
| 3 | Staffe | 9 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 21 | 31 | 58 | 207 | shad. | 20 | |||
| Squire | 16 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | shad. | |||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | H | |||||||
| 14 | Staffe | 10 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 23 | 36 | 72 | shad. | 0 | gr. ♍ | |||
| Squire | 14 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 2 | shad. | ||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||
| H | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | |||||||
| 24 | Staffe | 11 | 12 | 14 | 18 | 20 | 43 | 111 | shad. | 10 | ||||
| Squire | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | shad. | ||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| For the night. | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | From euening to midnight. | |||||||
| 1 | 267 | 279 | 290 | 301 | 82 | 93 | ||||||||
| 5 | 270 | 281 | 292 | 303 | 85 | 96 Alramech. | ||||||||
| 10 | 273 | 285 | 296 | 307 | 88 | 100 | ||||||||
| 15 | 271 | 287 | 293 | 80 | 91 | 104 | ||||||||
| 20 | 208 | 291 | 302 | 83 | 94 | 103 | ||||||||
| 25 | 284 | 295 | 305 | 87 | 99 | 105 Oculus Tauri. | ||||||||
| 30 | 287 | 297 | 80 | 91 | 103 | 117 | ||||||||
| September hath xxx. dayes. | ||||||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 106 | 120 | 139 | 161 | 186 | 1 | ||||||||
| 109 | 124 | 194 | 166 | 192 | 5 | |||||||||
| 113 | 129 | 150 | 173 | 199 | 10 | |||||||||
| 117 | 135 | 155 | 180 | 204 | 15 | |||||||||
| 123 | 142 | 164 | 189 | 212 | 20 Oculus Tauri. | |||||||||
| 128 | 149 | 171 | 195 | 219 | 25 | |||||||||
| 134 | 155 | 180 | 204 | 215 | 30 | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | H | |||||||||
| For the day. | 3 | Staffe | 13 | 14 | 16 | 21 | 30 | 54 | 221 | shad. | 20 | gr. ♍ | ||
| Squire | 11 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 0 | shad. | ||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | gr. ♎ | |||||||
| 14 | Staffe | 15 | 16 | 19 | 24 | 37 | 73 | shad. | 0 | |||||
| Squire | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | shad. | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | ||||||||
| 4 | Staffe | 17 | 18 | 22 | 29 | 45 | 112 | shad. | 10 | |||||
| Squire | 8 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1 | shad. | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| For the night. | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | From euening to midnight. | ||||||
| 1 | 27 [...] | 2 [...] | 29 [...] | 80 | 92 | 104 | 117 | |||||||
Alramech. 5 | 279 | 290 | 30 [...] | 82 | 94 | 107 | 122 | |||||||
| 10 | 284 | [...]9 [...] | [...]5 | [...] | 98 | 111 | 127 | |||||||
Oculus Tauri. 15 | 286 | 68 | 79 | 90 | 10 [...] | 116 | 133 | |||||||
| 20 | 290 | 71 | 82 | 93 | 106 | 121 | 140 | |||||||
| 25 | 294 | 75 | 86 | 98 | 111 | 126 | 146 | |||||||
| 30 | 297 | 79 | 90 | 102 | 116 | 132 | 154 | |||||||
| October hath xxxj. dayes. | ||||||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 135 | 157 | 181 | 205 | 226 | 243 | 1 | |||||||
| 141 | 262 | 288 | 210 | 231 | 247 | 5 | ||||||||
| 147 | 270 | 195 | 218 | 237 | 252 | 10 | ||||||||
Oculus Tauri. 154 | 178 | 202 | 225 | 242 | 256 | 15 | ||||||||
| 162 | 186 | 210 | 230 | 246 | 260 | 20 | ||||||||
| 169 | 194 | 217 | 235 | 251 | 264 | 25 | ||||||||
| 177 | 202 | 224 | 241 | 255 | 268 | 30 | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | ||||||||
| For the day. | 4 | Staffe | 20 | 21 | 25 | 34 | 61 | 206 | shad. | 20 | gr. [...] | |||
| Squire | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | shad. | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | H | gr. ♍ | |||||||
| 14 | Staffe | 23 | 25 | 30 | 42 | 79 | 6896 | shad. | 0 | |||||
| Squire | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | shad. | |||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | H | |||||||||
| 24 | Staffe | 27 | 29 | 35 | 19 | shad. | 10 | |||||||
| Squire | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | shad. | ||||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| For the night. | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | From euening to midnight. | |||||
| 1 | 287 | 298 | 80 | 92 | 104 | 117 | 135 | 156 | ||||||
| 5 | 290 | 302 | 82 | 94 | 107 | 122 | 147 | 163 | ||||||
| 10 | 294 | 305 | 87 | 98 | 111 | 127 | 147 | 117 | Alramech. | |||||
| 15 | 29 [...] | 80 | 91 | 103 | 117 | 135 | 156 | 180 | ||||||
| 20 | 303 | 83 | 95 | 108 | 123 | 142 | 165 | 189 | ||||||
| 25 | 307 | 88 | 10 [...] | 113 | 129 | 105 | 173 | 198 | Oculus Tauri. | |||||
| 30 | 81 | 92 | 104 | 119 | 136 | 158 | 183 | 206 | ||||||
| Nouember hath xxx. dayes. | ||||||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | 1 [...] | [...] | [...] | [...] | [...]7 | [...]0 | 281 | 292 | 1 | |||||
| 188 | 211 | 231 | 2 [...] | [...]61 | 273 | 285 | 296 | 5 | ||||||
| 196 | 218 | 237 | 252 | 265 | [...]7 [...] | 2 [...]8 | 10 | |||||||
| 204 | 225 | 243 | 257 | 269 | 281 | [...]9 [...] | 15 | |||||||
| 213 | 232 | 248 | 261 | 274 | 285 | 297 | 20 Oculus Tauri. | |||||||
| 220 | 238 | [...]5 [...] | 266 | 278 | 290 | 12 [...] | 25 | |||||||
| 227 | 244 | 258 | 270 | 282 | 293 | 135 | 30 | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | H | ||||||||||
| For the day. | 2 | Staffe | 32 | 34 | 42 | 65 | 209 | shad. | 20 | gr. ♍ | ||||
| Squire | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | shad. | ||||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | H | gr. ♐ | ||||||||
| 13 | Staffe | 36 | 39 | 49 | 83 | 550 | shad. | 0 | ||||||
| Squire | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | shad. | ||||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | H | ||||||||||
| 22 | [...] | 40 | [...]5 | 57 | 104 | shad. | 10 | |||||||
| Squire | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | shad. | |||||||||
| [...] | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| For the night. | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | From euening to midnight. | |||||
| 1 | 81 | 92 | 115 | 119 | 136 | 158 | 183 | 107 | ||||||
| 5 | 84 | 90 | 109 | 124 | 144 | 166 | 192 | 214 | ||||||
Oculus Tauri. 10 | 89 | 11 | 115 | 132 | 153 | 173 | 201 | 222 | ||||||
| 15 | 93 | 10 | 120 | 139 | 161 | 186 | 209 | 230 | ||||||
| 20 | 98 | 111 | 127 | 147 | 169 | 191 | 217 | 236 | ||||||
| 25 | 152 | 116 | 133 | 154 | 177 | 202 | 224 | 242 | ||||||
| 30 | 107 | 122 | 141 | 163 | 188 | 211 | 231 | 248 | ||||||
| December hath xxxj. dayes. | ||||||||||||||
| From midnight vnto day. | ||||||||||||||
| 228 | 244 | 258 | 271 | 283 | 293 | 135 | 1 | |||||||
| 234 | 259 | 263 | 275 | 286 | 122 | 144 | 5 | |||||||
| 240 | 255 | 267 | 279 | 291 | 129 | 163 | 10 | |||||||
Oculus Tauri. 246 | 260 | 272 | 284 | 265 | 138 | 153 | 15 | |||||||
| 251 | 264 | 276 | 287 | 124 | 147 | 134 | 20 | |||||||
| 256 | 263 | 280 | 291 | 132 | 155 | 184 | 25 | |||||||
Alramech. 261 | 273 | 285 | 296 | 140 | 165 | 194 | 30 | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||
| 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | H | ||||||||||
| For the day. | 2 | Staffe | 43 | 47 | 92 | 122 | shad. | 20 | gr. [...] | |||||
| Squire | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | shad. | |||||||||
| 12 | Staffe | 45 | 49 | 65 | 131 | shad. | 0 | gr. ♑ | ||||||
| Squire | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | shad. | |||||||||
| 22 | Staffe | 43 | 47 | 62 | 122 | shad. | 10 | |||||||
| Squire | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | shad. | |||||||||
| 31 | Staffe | 40 | 45 | 47 | 104 | shad. | 20 | |||||||
| Squire | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | shad. | |||||||||
| H | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
The generall Kalendar.
Thus endeth the Peculiar Kalendar, very commodious for the day and night houre. I here adioyned the Instrument without the Square, which sumay ffi [...]e for the whole vse of the toforesayd Kalendar, with the helpe of the Squire and Staffe.
I May not here omit a Kalendar generall diuided into two parts, whereof the first containeth sixe moneths, from Ianuary to Iune:
[Page]The second, other sixe monethes, from Iuly to December. In this Kalendar are set foorth the Fe [...]stiuall dayes, the entring of the Sunne in the Signes celestiall, the euill dayes noted with one pricke. For a further declaration of those euill dayes: reade this following.
The yeare hath xxxiii. euill dayes generall for euer.
IAnuary hath eight such dayes: the first, the second, the fourth, the fift, the tenth, the f [...]fteenth, the seuenteenth, the nineteenth. Drinke white wine in this moneth.
February hath three daies▪ the viii. the x. the xvii. These not so euil, the xxvi. the xxvii. the xxviii. Eate no potage of Okes, or Mallowes: they are venomous.
March three daies: the xv. the xvi. the xix. this not so euill, xxviii day. This moneth all sweete meates are good.
Aprill two daies: the xvi. the xxi. These not so euill, the vii. the viii. the x. the xx. Use hote meates, of light digestion.
May three daies: the vii.xv. the xx. These not so euill, the iii. the vi. Rise early, and vse breakfast.
Iune two: the iiii. the vii. These not so euill, the x. the xv. the xxii. Sage and Lettise are good to eate. Colde water fasting hurteth not.
Iuly two dayes: the xv. the xx. Abstaine from carnalitie.
August two dayes: the xix. the xx. These not so euill, the i. the xxix. the xxx. It hurteth not to abstaine from potage, and all hote meates, and drinkes of spicerie.
September two dayes: the vi. the vii. These not so euill, the iii. the iiii. the xxi. the xxii. Eate good fruite.
Octtober one day: the vi. These not so euill, the iii. the xvi. the xxiiii. Good wine is wholesome this moneth.
Nouember two dayes: the xv. the xix. These not so euill, the v the vi. the xxviii. the xxix. Bleede not.
December three dayes: the vi. the vii. the ix. These dayes not so euill, the xv. the xvii. the xxii. Bleede not ouer much. Warme not thy legges at the fire.
| ¶The first part of the generall Kalendar: from Ianuarie to Iune. | ||||||
| Ianuarie. | Februarie. | March. | Daies | April. | May. | Iu [...]e. |
| :A Circūci. | d | d | 1 | g | b [...]hi. Iac. | e |
| :b | e Purifi. | e | 2 | A | c | f |
| c | f | f | 3 | b | .d | g |
| :d | g | g | 4 | c | e | :A |
| :e | A | A | 5 | d | f | b |
| f Epiph. | b | b | 6 | e | .g | c |
| g | c | c | 7 | .f | :A | [...] |
| A | :d | d | 8 | .g | b | c |
| b | [...] ☉ in ♓ | e | 9 | A | c | f |
| :c | :f | f | 10 | .b | d | .g |
| d ☉ in ♒ | g | g ☉ in ♈ | 11 | c ☉ in ♉ | e | A Barna. |
| e | A | A Spring. | 12 | d | f ☉ in ♊ | b ☉ in ♋ |
| f Hilar. | b | b | 13 | e | g | c Sūmer. |
| g | c Valen. | c | 14 | f | A | d |
| A | d | :d | 15 | g | :b | .e |
| b | e | :e | 16 | :A | c | f |
| :c | :f | f | 17 | b | d | g |
| d | g | g | 18 | c | e | A |
| e | A | :A | 19 | d | f | b |
| f | b | b | 20 | .e | :g | c |
| g | c | c | [...]1 | :f | A | d |
| A | d | d | 22 | g | b | .e |
| b | e | e | 23 | A Georg. | c | f |
| c | f A [...]th. | f | 2 [...] | b | d | g Ioā bap. |
| d Cō. Pau. | g | g Anu [...]. | 2 [...] | c Marc. | e | A |
| e | A | A | 26 | d | f | b |
| f | .b | b | 27 | e | g | c |
| g | .c | c | 2 [...] | f | A | d |
| ·A | d | 29 | g | b | e Pe. Pa. | |
| b | e | 30 | A | c | f | |
| c | f | 31 | d | |||
| ¶The seconde part of the generall Kalendar: from Iulie to December. | ||||||
| Iuly. | August. | Septemb. | Dayes | October. | Nouem. | Decem. |
| g | .c Pet. Vin. | f | 1 | A | d Om. sā. | f |
| A | d | g | 2 | b | e Om. an [...]. | g |
| b | e | .A | 3 | .c | f | A |
| c | f | .b | 4 | d | g | b |
| d | g | c | 5 | e | .A | c |
| e Dog beg. | A | :d | 6 | :f | .b | :d Nico [...]. |
| f | b | :e | 7 | g | c | :e |
| g | c | f Na. Ma. | 8 | A | d | f Cō. ma. |
| A | d | g | 9 | b | e | :g |
| b | e | A | 10 | c | f | A |
| c | f | b | 11 | d | g | b |
| d | g | c | 12 | e | A | c ☉ in ♑ |
| e | A | d | 13 | f | b ☉ in ♐ | dwyntes. |
| f ☉ in [...] | b ☉ in ♍ | e ☉ in ♎ | 14 | g ☉ in ♏ | c | e |
| :g | c | f Heruest. | 15 | A | :d | .f |
| A | d | g | 16 | b. | e | g |
| b | e Dog end | A | 17 | c | .f | .A |
| c | f | b | 18 | d Luc. | g | b |
| d | :g | c | 19 | e | :A | c |
| :e | :A | d | 20 | f | b | d |
| f | b | .e Mathe. | 21 | g | c | e Tho. ap. |
| g Ma. mag. | c | f | 22 | A | d | f |
| A | d | g | 23 | b | e | g |
| b | e Bartho. | A | 24 | .c | f | A |
| c Iac. Apo. | f | b | 25 | d | g | b Na. do. |
| d | g | c | 26 | e | A | c Steph. |
| e | A | d | 27 | f | b | d Io. euā. |
| f | b | e | 28 | g St. Iud. | .c | e Innoce. |
| g | .c decol. Io. | f Micha. | 29 | A | .d | f Tho. |
| A | .d | g | 30 | b | e Andre. | g |
| b | e | 31 | c | A | ||
Lo the briefe vse of this generall Kalendar.
ENter the Columne where your Moneth is no [...]ed in the head, yee shall there finde running downe the columne the Festiual daies of that Moneth, the entrie of the Sunne in the celestiall signes, the euill dayes pricked, &c.
I would haue placed in this Kalendar the Fayres and Termes also: but that cannot remaine continually true. For those that ensue moueable Feasts are moueable, and therefore may haue no certaine place. For the Termes also, note these precepts following. The Fayres shall be declared by two Tables immediatly ensuing this Kalendar Generall.
How to know the Termes.
KNow that Easter Terme alwaies beginneth the 18. day after Easter, reckoning Easter day for one: and endeth the Monday next after the Ascension day.
Trinitie Terme beginneth the Friday next after Corpus Christi day, and endeth the Wednesday fourtnight after.
Michaelmasse Terme beginneth the 9. or 10. day of October: and endeth the 28. or 29. of Nouember.
Hillarie Terme beginneth the 23. or 24. day of Ianuarie: and endeth the 12. or 13. day of Februarie.
Generall Fayres.
A Table contayning the Moneth, day, and place of the principall Fayres of England, to be augmented at pleasure, in order following.
Ianuary.THe sixt day of Ianuary, the faire is at Bristow, and also at Salisburie. The first of Lent at Exce [...]er.
February.The second day at Bathe, at Maidstone. The 14 at Feuersame. On Ashwensday at Lichfield, at Roystone, at Tamworth. The first Munday in Lent, at Ciciter, at Abington. The 24. at Henley vpon Thames, at Teukesburie.
March.The 4. Sunday in Lent, at Stamforth, at Sudburie. The fi [...]t Sunday, at Grantam. The Monday before our Lady day, at Salisburie. Palme [...]euen, at Wisbitch. The 13. at Wic. The 25. at Northamton, at great Chare, at Waulden.
Aprill.The 5. day at Wallingford. The 7. at Darby. The 9. at Bickelsworth, at Billingsworth. At Easan [...] the Monday after. The Sunday after Easter, at Louth. The 23. at Charing, at Ipswich, at Antill, at Hinigam, at Gilford. The 25. at Darbie. The 26. at Tenterden.
May.The 1. day, at Stow the old, at Reading, at Maidstone, at Leicester, at Chensford. The 8. day at Beuerley. Ascension day, at Brimingham, at S. Edes, at Bishops Statford. Whitsunday, at Kingstone vpon Thames. Trinitie Sunday, at Rowch. At Cranebroke the 19. day. The 27. day at Lenham.
Iune.On Corpus Christi day▪ at Couentrie, S. Edes, at Bishop T [...]anford, at Rosse. The 9. at Maidstone. The 11. at Okingam. The 23. at Shrowsbury, at S. Albones. The 24. at Cambridge, at Glocester, at Lincolne, at Windsore▪ at Colchester. The 29. at W [...]llerhampton, at Peterborrow. The 17. at F [...]lkstone. The 24. at Harisam. The 8. at Hetcorne.
A Table contayning the Moneth, day, and place of the principall Fayres of England: to bee augmented at pleasure, in order following.
The 11. day, Horse fayre at Partney, at Nabor, at Felix.Iuly. The 12 day at Lid. The 15. at Pinchbacke. The 17. at Winchcome. The 20. at Uxbridge, at Catesby. The 22. at Marleborow, at Winchester, at Colchester, at Tetburie. The 25. at Bristow, at Douer, at Chilham, at Ipswich, at Northampton, at Darbie, at S. Iames by London, at Reading, at Louth, at Malmsburie.
The 1. day at Feuersame, at Dunstable, at S. Edes,August. at Budforth, at Marram Church, at Wisbich. The 9. at Rumney. The 10. at Bedforth, at Fernam, at Strodes, at Blackamore, S. Lau, at Waltom. The 24. at London, at Teukesburie, at Sudburie, at Norwich, at Northallerton, at Douer, at Rye. The 28. at ashford.
The 8. day at Cambridge, at Sturbridge,September. at London in Southwarke, at Smide, at Reculuer, at Partney three Lady dayes. The 14. at Waltain Abbey, At Wotton vnder hedge, at Spalding. The 21. at Croydon, at Holden in Holdernesse, at S. Edmondsburie, at S. Iues, at Haldy Lanam, at Wiltemall, at Sittingborrow, at Douer, at Estry. The 29. day at Canterburie.
The 6. day, at S. Sithes besides Norwich.October. The 13. at Graues end, at Windsore, at Marchfield. The 18. at Ely, at Stanton, at Charing. The 23. at Harford, at Ciciter, at Newmarket.
The 2. day at Kingstone, at Blechingly.Nouember. The 6. at Newport Pond, at Stanly. The 11. at Douer. The 13. at S. Edmonsbury. The 20. at Hyth. The 23. at Sandwich. The 30. at Rochester, at Maydenhead.
The 29. at Canterbury. The 5. at Pluckly The 6. at Spalding.December. The 7. at Sandhurst.
[Page]BEcause I vnderstand many are desirous how to get exactly the iust length of Staffe and Squire shadowe before treated of, vpon vnleuell grounds, or otherwayes wheresoeuer it be, yea, without either Squire or Staffe: I haue calculated a Table following throughly satisfying thē, so that they get the height of the Sunne any way: or as I shall now instruct.
Behold this Instrument called a Quadrant the iust fourth part of a Circle, euen such a Circle as I taught you before to make for the night Diall: containing the fourth part of his diuisions, that is 90. degrees, only two sights and a plum line added, to be placed at the beginning of this booke, as ye may there, and here see. I haue here also put the Scale to the Quadrant, which serueth well for shadowes, and as well for heights. The vse of this Scale is declared in my booke called Tectonicon.
How by this Instrument to get the height of the Sunne at all times.LIft vp handsomely your Quadrant, the Sunbeames persing the sights. The Plummet and Line then at libertie falling, noteth there ye degrees of height at ye present, with the which ye shall enter this table immediatly following, to get then, and in like mā ner at all other times, the iust shadow of the Staffe or Squire.
| Heyght of the Sunne. | Staffe. Shadow. | Heyghte of the Sunne. | Staffe. Shadow. | Heyghte of the sunne. | Staffe. Shadowe | ||||||
| G | g | P | M | G | G | P | M | G | g | P | M |
| 0 | 90 | Sha | W. | 30 | 60 | 20 | 47 | 60 | 30 | 6 | 56 |
| 1 | 89 | 687 | 34 | 31 | 59 | 19 | 58 | 61 | 29 | 6 | 3 [...] |
| 2 | 88 | 343 | 43 | 32 | 58 | 19 | 12 | 62 | 28 | 6 | 23 |
| 3 | 87 | 228 | 59 | 33 | 57 | 18 | 29 | 63 | 27 | 6 | 7 |
| 4 | 86 | 171 | 37 | 34 | 56 | 17 | 47 | 64 | 26 | 5 | 51 |
| 5 | 35 | 137 | 10 | 35 | 55 | 17 | 8 | 65 | 25 | 5 | 6 |
| 6 | 84 | 114 | 10 | 36 | 54 | 16 | 30 | 66 | 24 | 5 | 21 |
| 7 | 8 [...] | 97 | 49 | 37 | 53 | 15 | 52 | 67 | 23 | 5 | 6 |
| 8 | 82 | 85 | 28 | 38 | 52 | 15 | 21 | 68 | 22 | 4 | 51 |
| 9 | 81 | 75 | 46 | 39 | 51 | 14 | 49 | 69 | 21 | 4 | 36 |
| 10 | 80 | 68 | 3 | 40 | 50 | 14 | 18 | 70 | 20 | 4 | 22 |
| 11 | 79 | 61 | 44 | 41 | 49 | 13 | 48 | 71 | 19 | 4 | 8 |
| 12 | 78 | 56 | 27 | 42 | 48 | [...]3 | 20 | 72 | 18 | 3 | 54 |
| 13 | 77 | 51 | 59 | 43 | 47 | 12 | 52 | 73 | 17 | 3 | 40 |
| 14 | 76 | 48 | 8 | 44 | 46 | 12 | 26 | 74 | 16 | 3 | 26 |
| 15 | 75 | 44 | 47 | 45 | 45 | 12 | 0 | 75 | 15 | 3 | 13 |
| 16 | 74 | 41 | 51 | 46 | 44 | 11 | 35 | 76 | 14 | 3 | 0 |
| 17 | 73 | 59 | 15 | 47 | 43 | 11 | 11 | 77 | 13 | 2 | 46 |
| 18 | 72 | 36 | 54 | 48 | 42 | 10 | 48 | 78 | 12 | 2 | 32 |
| 19 | 71 | 34 | 51 | 49 | 41 | 10 | 26 | 79 | 11 | 2 | 20 |
| 20 | 70 | 32 | 58 | 50 | 40 | 10 | 4 | 80 | 10 | 2 | 7 |
| 21 | 69 | 31 | 16 | 51 | 39 | 9 | 43 | 81 | 9 | 1 | 54 |
| 22 | 68 | 29 | 42 | 52 | 38 | 9 | 22 | 82 | 8 | 1 | 41 |
| 23 | 67 | 28 | 16 | 53 | 37 | 9 | 3 | 83 | 7 | 1 | 28 |
| 24 | 66 | 26 | 57 | 54 | 36 | 8 | 43 | 84 | 6 | 1 | 16 |
| 25 | 65 | 25 | 44 | 55 | 35 | 8 | 24 | 85 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
| 26 | 64 | 24 | 37 | 56 | 34 | 8 | 6 | 86 | 4 | 0 | 50 |
| 27 | 63 | 23 | 33 | 57 | 33 | 7 | 48 | 87 | 3 | 0 | 38 |
| 28 | 62 | 22 | 34 | 58 | 32 | 7 | 30 | 88 | 2 | 0 | 25 |
| 29 | 61 | 21 | 40 | 59 | 31 | 7 | 13 | 89 | 1 | 0 | 12 |
| 30 | 60 | 20 | 47 | [...]0 | 30 | 6 | 56 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Heyght of the Sunne | Squire Shadow. | Heyht of the Sun. | Squier. Shadow. | Heyght of the Sunne | Squyre. Shadow | ||||||
The vse of this Table, and first for staffe shadow.
Example.
I Suppose the height of the Sunne, taken by the Quadrant, 34. degrees: Now I require the exact length of Staffe and Squire shadow. For right shadow, first seeke out the degrées in the left part of the Table, and vnder this title the height of the Sunne: if they be not in that left row downewards, resort to the next rowe and like title, vntill ye finde the degrees: then in right order toward the right hand, in the next Columne vnder the title of Staffe shadow, are 17. parts, and 47. minites, your desire.
For Squire shadow, titled contrarie Shadow.
SEeke your degrees in the right part vpwarde, at this title Height of the Sunne, in the bottom of this Table: then shall ye finde on the right hand of 34. degrees, in the next colume, eight parts and sixe minutes: that is the very length of Squire shadow when the Sunne is 34. degrees in height.
OCcasioned I cannot here omit another Table faithfully supputated for the Sunnes altitude, by the which with quicke spéede the houre is knowne. This Table conduceth manifolde wayes, yea, to the composition of diuers and many Instruments: as Quadrants, Nauicles, Cylindres, Rings, &c.
Behold now it doth ensue, and also the briefe vse of it.
| Houres before n. | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Houres after n. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Si. | G | S | G | G | M | g | M | g | M | g | M | g | M | g | M | g | M | g | M | g | M |
| 30 | ♋ | 0 | 62 | 0 | 59 | 43: | 53 | 45 | 45 | 42: | 36 | 42: | 27 | 23: | 18 | 11 | 9 | 28: | 1 | 31. | |
| 25 | 5 | 61 | 54: | ||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | 10 | 61 | 37▪ | 59 | 21. | 53 | 26: | 45 | 24. | 36 | 25 | 27 | 6 | 17 | 54. | 9 | 9. | 13 | : | ||
| 15 | 15 | 61 | 9: | ||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 20 | 60 | 30: | 58 | 17. | 52 | 23. | 44 | 32 | 35 | 35 | 26 | 16. | 17 | 3 | 8 | 1 [...]. | 0 | 16 | ||
| 5 | 25 | 61 | 41: | ||||||||||||||||||
| ♊ | 0 | ♌ | 0 | 5 [...] | [...]2: | 56 | 3 [...]. | 50 | 55: | 43 | 6. | 34 | [...]3. | 24 | 56: | 15 | 41: | 6 | 50. | 0 | 0 |
| 25 | 5 | 557 | 34. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | 10 | 13 | 17: | 54 | 15 | 48 | 48: | 41 | 10. | 32 | 22. | 23 | 6. | 13 | 50 | 4 | 5 [...]: | 0 | 0 | ||
| 15 | 15 | 4 | 52: | ||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 20 | 53 | 21: | 51 | 26: | 46 | 12: | 38 | 46: | 30 | 6. | 20 | 52. | 11 | 34. | 2 | 34. | 0 | |||
| 5 | 25 | 51 | 43: | ||||||||||||||||||
| ♉ | 0 | ♍ | 9 | 0 | 0 | [...] | 11. | 43 | 11. | 35 | 53 | 27 | 2 [...]. | 18 | 1. | 8 | 59: | 0 | 0 | ||
| 2 [...] | 5 | 48 | 12: | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2 [...] | 10 | 46 | 20· | 44 | 37. | 39 | 51 | 32 | 53: | 24 | 32. | 15 | 27. | 6. | 8: | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 15 | 1 | 44 | 25: | ||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 20 | [...]2 | 23: | 40 | 51: | 36 | 18 | 2 [...] | 34: | 2 [...] | 24: | 12 | 25: | 3 | 6. | 0 | |||||
| 5 | 2 [...] | [...]0 | 2 [...]: | ||||||||||||||||||
| ♈ | 0 | ♎ | 0 | 3 [...] | 3 [...]: | 3 [...] | 58 | 32 | 3 [...]. | 26 | 7: | 18 | [...]. | [...] | 16. | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 25 | 5 | 36 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | 10 | 34 | 32. | 3 [...] | 4 | 28 | 55: | 22 | 3 [...]: | 14 | 51: | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| 15 | 5 | 32 | 35. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 2 [...] | 30 | 4 [...]. | 29 | 16. | 25 | 18 | 19 | 14: | [...]1 | 33 | 3 | 2: | 0 | |||||||
| 5 | 25 | 28 | [...] | ||||||||||||||||||
| [...] | [...] | [...] | 0 | 27 | 0 | 25 | 40 | 21 | 51: | 15 | 50: | 8 | 3 [...]. | 6 | 0. | ||||||
| 25 | 5 | 25 | 1 [...]. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | 10 | 23 | 39 | 22 | 22▪ | 18 | 42: | 13 | 1: | 5 | 45: | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| 15 | 15 | 2 [...] | 8. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 20 | 20 | 43. | 19 | 29 | 15 | 55. | 10 | 23▪ | 3 | 17 | 0 | |||||||||
| 5 | 25 | 19 | 26: | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| ♒ | 0 | ♐ | [...] | 18 | 18. | 17 | 6 | 13 | 38: | 3 | 3. | 1 | 15. | ||||||||
| 25 | 5 | 17. | 19. | ||||||||||||||||||
| [...]0 | 1 [...] | 15 | 3 [...]. | 14 | 48: | 11 | 55. | 6 | 3 [...]: | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
| 15 | 15 | 15 | 51. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 20 | 15 | 23. | 14 | 13: | 10 | 52: | 5 | 3 [...]. | 0 | |||||||||||
| 5 | 25 | 15 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Briefe Collections.
The briefe vse of this Table.
SUppose the height of the Sunne taken by the Quadrant, eight degrees and 13. minutes, the Sunne being in the beginning of Aquarie, or Sagittarie, I seek, and find in this table and in the row which directly answereth ♒ and ♐ eight degrées and 13. minutes: that is agreeable to 9. or 3. of the clocke in the head of this Table. Therefore I pronounce, that when the Sun was 8. degrees and 13. minutes in height, entring ♒ or ♐, it was precise nine of the clocke in the morning or three at after noone.
Thus at all times ye may know the iust houre.
Ye may also conclude the height of the Sunne at all times, the place of the Sunne knowne, and the houre. Note, when the precise numbers either of height, or degree of the Sunne are not found in the Table, then make proportion according to the difference, &c. Practise, better than many words, openeth this. Now to end this matter: this following to him that hath tasted these knowledges, I write.
Dato loco Solis & eius altitudine, horam ipsam calculare.
DVc sinum inuentae solaris altitudinis, in sinum arcus semidiurni, & productum diuide per sinum altitudinis meridianae eiusdem Solis, & prouenientis inde partium numeri sumito arcum, quem tandem in horas vertas. Collectus horarum numerus quaesitam indicabit horam: ab ortu quidem Solis, si altitudo fuerit antemeridiana, vel ab occasu, si eadem Solis altitudo acciderit post meridiem.
NOw hauing some occasion, I could here adioyne a briefe Supputation Sinicall, touching most workings Astronomicall, but how farre that passeth the capacitie of the common sort of men, they that bee trauailed knowe. For this cause I leaue to giue any precepts this way: desiring prouocation meete to haue to doe in the like: then God suffering, my penne shall not stay to [Page 41] open readie chosen generall waies, for pleasant Astronomicall operation.
HEre shall now follow briefly collected certaine rules, performed before by Tables: but now done by quicke supputation, to bee had in memorie: by that, auoyding caryage or burthen of bookes.
A way to get the Golden number or Prime without a table.
ADde vnto the yeere of our Lord 1. then diuide that summe by 19. the remaine is the Prime or Golden number.
The Epact is thus euer found.
MUltiplie the Prime by 11. diuide by 30. the remaine is your desire. These two numbers begin at March, their vse is chiefly to finde out the change, quarters and full Moone, as ensueth.
A rule for the Chaunge, Full, and Quarters of the Moone.
PUt vnto the Epact all the moneths from March, including the moneth of March: pull then that summe from 30. the remaine sheweth the day of the change.
Here note the full Moone is the 15. day after the chaunge. Also if the remaine be lesse then 15. substract that lesse from 15. the rest is the full Moone.
If the remaine passe 30. substract it from 45. then the full doth also appeare.
To conclude, if from the full Moone yee pull 15. dayes, ye haue the chaunge going before. The chaunge had, the quarters are knowne, by adding or pulling away seuen dayes.
For the age of the Moone, worke thus for euer.
ADde to the dayes of your Moneth the Epact, and also as many daies more as are moneths from March to your moneth, including both moneths. Now substract thirtie, if ye may, the age then remaineth.
Now shall be declared what Signes and degrees the Moone differeth from the Sunne, by the which is gathered at all times, the Signe and Grade wherein she is.
MUltiplie the age of the Moone by 4. diuide by 10. the quotient sheweth the Signes that the Moone differeth from the Sunne. The remaine augmented by 3. bringeth degrees to be added. Ye must put these Signes and degrees to the place of the Sunne. The product, I meane the increase or ende of all these Signes and degrees in order counted from the Sunne, declare the place of the Moone in the Zodiacke.
The place of the Sunne in the Zodiacke is thus found.
FIrst know that the 11. day of Ianuary, the Sunne is entred into ♒. The 10. day of February ♓. The 11. of March ♈.
The 11. of Aprill ♉. The 12. of May ♊. The 12. of Iune ♋. The 14. of Iuly ♌. The 14 of August ♍. The .14. of September ♎. The 14. of October ♏. The 13. of Nouember ♐. The 12. of December ♑.
This knowne, the place of the Sunne is well found, adding for euery day past any entrey, 1. degree.
Example.
I Require the place of the Sunne the 21. day of August. I finde that the Sun is entered in ♍ the 14. day of the moneth. I must for euery day past any entry adde 1. degree. There are seuen daies past that entrie, then I conclude the Sunne readie to haue place in the 8. degree of ♍ the 21. of August.
To know how long the Moone shineth.
FOr her shining in the encrease, multiplie the age of the Moone by 4. In the wane augment the rest of the age which she lacketh of 30. by 4. and diuide by 5. The Quotient sheweth the houres: the remaines if there be any, multiplied by 12. bringeth minutes to be added.
How the moueable feasts are found readily.
SEeke the change of the Moone in February, for that yeere yée require these moueable Feasts. Note what day it falleth on, the next Tuesday is Shrouetuesday. But if the change be on Tueseday, the next Tuesday ensuing is it. The next Sunday is the first Sunday of Lent. Sixe Sundayes after is Easter day. Adde 35. dayes, or 5. weekes to Easter day, ye haue Rogation Sunday. To that adde 4. dayes, so ye haue Ascension day. Then haue ye 10 daies to Whitsunday. Seuen dayes after is Trinitie Sunday. And foure dayes after is Corpus Christi day.
Without Tables, at all times to know the Tydes.
LEarne as is declared the age of the Moone: also remember the houre of the Full or Change, for your place or poynt which doth neuer varie: these knowne, worke thus.
Example.
WHen the Moone is tenne daies olde, I desire to know at what of the clocke it is full sea at London bridge. Multiplie tenne by fortie eight, so haue ye foure hundred eightie: diuide that by sixtie, ye haue eight houres. To that adde three, which is the houre of the full or change appointed for that place. All then commeth vnto eleuen of the clocke high water at London bridge. If any thing remaine they are minutes of an houre. If the houres amount aboue twelue, cast the twelues away, the rest is your request.
TO THE READER.
HAuing of late (gentle Reader) corrected and reformed sundrie faults, that by negligence in printing haue crept into my Fathers Generall Prognostication: Among other things I haue found a description or Modill of the world, and situation of Spheres Coelestiall & elementarie according to the doctrine of Ptolomie, whereunto all Vniuersities (led thereunto chiefely by the authoritie of (Aristotle) sithens haue consented. But in this our age, one rare wit (seeing the continuall errors that from time to time more and more haue been discouered, besides the infinite absurdities in their Theoricks, which they haue been forced to admit that would not confesse any Mobilitie in the ball of the earth) hath by long study, painefull practise, and rare inuention deliuered a new Theoricke or Modill of the world, shewing that ye earth resteth not in the Centre of the whole world, but not onely in the Centre of this our mortall world or Globe of Elements, which enuironed and enclosed in the Moones Orbe, and together with the whole Globe of mortalitie is caried yeerely round about the Sunne, which like a king in the middest of al raigneth and giueth lawes of motion to the rest, sphaerically dispersing his glorious beames of light through all this sacred Coelestial Temple. And the Earth it self to be one of the Planets, hauing his peculiar and strange courses turning euery 24 houres round vpon his owne Centre: whereby the Sun and great Globe of fixed starres seeme to sway about and turne, albeit indeede they remaine fixed. So many waies is the sense of mortall men abused. But reason & deep discourse of wit hauing opened these things to Copernicus, and the same being with demonstrations Mathematical, most apparantly [Page] by him to the world deliuered: I thought it conuenient together with the old Theorick also to publish this, to the end such noble English mindes (as delight to reach aboue the baser sorte of men) might not be altogether defrauded of so noble a part of Philosophie. And to the ende it might manifestly appeare, that Copernicus meant not (as some haue fondly excused him) to deliuer these grounds of the earths mobilitie, onely as Mathematical principles fayned, and not as Philosophicall truly auerred: I haue also from him deliuered both the Philosophical reasons by Aristotle and others, produced to maintaine the Earths stabilitie, & also their solutions and insufficiencie, wherein I cannot a little commend the modestie of ye graue Philosopher Aristotle, who seeing (no doubt) the sufficiencie of his own reasons in seeking to confute the earths motion, vseth th [...]se words: De his explicatum est, ea, qua potuimus facultate: howbeit his disciples haue not with like sobrietie maintained the same. Thus much for my owne part in this case I will only say. There is no doubt, but of a true ground, truer effects may be produced, then of principles that are false: and of true principles, falsehood or absurdities cannot be inferred.
If therfore the Earth be situate immoueable in the Centre of the world, why find we not Theoricks vpon that ground to produce effects as true and certaine as those of Copernicus? Why cast we not away those Circles Aequātes and motions irregular? seeing our own Philosopher Aristotle himselfe the light of our Vniuersities hath taught vs: Simplicis corporis simplicem oportet esse motum. But if contrarie, it be found impossible (the Earths stabilitie being graunted) but that we must necessarily fall into these absurdities, and cannot by any meane auoyd thē: why shall wee so much do [...]e in the apparance of our sences, which many waies may be abused, and not suffer our selues to be directed by the rule of Reason, which the great God hath giuen vs as a lampe to lighten the darknes of our vnderstanding, and the perfect guide to leade vs to the golden branch of Veritie amidde the Forrest of errors.
Behold a noble Question to be of the Philosophers & Mathematicians of our Vniuersities, argued not with childish inuentions, but with graue reasons Philosophical, and irreproueable Demonstrations [Page] Mathematical. And let vs not in matters of reason be led away with authority and opinions of men, but with the Stellified Poet let vs say:
‘Ratio dux fida Sophorum.’
THe Globe of Elements enclosed in the Orbe of the Moone, I call the Globe of Mortality, because it is the peculiar Empire of death. For aboue the Moone they feare not his force: but as the Christian Poet sayth,
Againe.
And againe.
[Page]In the middest of this Globe of Mortality hangeth this dark star or ball of the earth and water, balanced and sustayned in the middest of the thinne ayre onely with what proprietie which the wonderfull workeman hath giuen at the Creation to the Center of this Globe, with his magnetical force vehemently to draw and hale vnto it selfe all such other Elementall things as retayne the like nature. This ball euerie 24. houres by naturall vniforme, and wonderfull slie & smooth motion rolleth round, making with his Period our natural day, whereby it seemes to vs that the huge infinite immoueable Globe should sway and turne about.
The Moone Orbe that enuironeth and contayneth this darke star, and the other mortall, changeable, corruptible Elements and Elementary things, is also turned round euery 20. daies .31. Minutes, 50. seconds, 8. thirds, 9. fourths, and 20. fiftes: and this Period may most aptly be called the month. The rest of the Planets motions appeare by the Picture, and shall more largely be hereafter spoken of.
Herein good Reader, I haue waded farther then the vulgar sorte, Demonstratiuè & Practicè, and God sparing life I meane, though not as Iudge to decide, yet at the Mathematical barre in this case to plead, in such sorte, as it shall manifestly appeare to the world, whether it bee possible vpon the Earths stabilitie to deliuer any true or probable Theorick, and then referre the pronouncing of sentence to the graue Senate of indifferent discreete Mathematicall Readers.
Farewell, and respect my trauailes as thou shalt see them tende to the aduancement of truth, and discouering the monstrous loathsom shape of error.
❧ A perfit description of the Coelestiall Orbes, according to the most auncient doctrine of the Pythagoreans, &c.
A PERFIT DESCRIPTION OF THE COELESTIALL ORBES, according to the most ancient doctrine of the Pythagoreans: lately reuiued by Copernicus, and by Geom [...]triall Demonstrations approued.
ALthough in this most excellent and difficile part of Philosophie in all times haue béen sundrie opinions touching the situation and mouing of the bodies celestiall, yet in certaine principles, all Philosophers of any account of all ages haue agréed & consented. First that the Orbe of the fixed stars is of all other the most high, the farthest distant, & comprehendeth the other Spheres of wandring starres. And of these straying bodies called Planets, the old Philosophers thought it a good ground in reason, that the nighest to the Centre should swiftliest mone, because the circle was least and therby the sooner ouerpassed, and the further distant, the more slowly. Therefore as the Moone being swiftest in course, is found also by measure nighest, so haue all agreed that the Orbe of ♄ being in mouing the slowest of all the Planets, is also the highest: ♃ the next, and then ♂: but of ☌ and ☿ there hath bin great controuersie, because they stray not euery way from the Sunne, as the rest doe. And therfore some haue placed them aboue the Sun, as Plato in his Timaeo: others beneath, as Ptolomie, and the greater part of them that followed him. Alpetragius maketh ☌ aboue the Sunne, and ☿ beneath, and sundrie reasons haue béen of all sides alleaged in defence of their opinions. They that follow Plato (supposing that all starres should haue obscure and darke bodies shining with borrowed light like the Moone) haue alleaged that if those Planets were lower than the Sunne, then should they sometime obscure some part of the bodie of the Sunne, and also [Page] shine, not with a light circular, but segmentarie, and that variable as the Moone: which when they see by experience at one time to happen, they conclude with Plato. On the contrarie part, such as will maintaine them beneath, frame a likelihood by reason of the large space betwéene the Orbes of the ☉ and ☽. For the greatest distance of the ☽ is but 64. semidiameters of the earth: and to the nighest of the Sunne are 1160. so that there remaineth betwéene the ☽ and the ☉ 1905. semidiameters of the earth. And therefore that so huge a space should not remaine emptie, there they situate the Orbes of ☿ and Venus. And by the distance of their Absides, whereby they search the thicknes of their Orbes, they finde that they of all the rest best answere that situation, so as the lowest of ☿ Orbe may reach downe almost to the highest of the Moones, and the top of ☿ to the inferiour part of ☌ Sphere, which with his Absis should reach almost vnto the Sunne. For betwéene the Absides of ☿ by their Theoricks, they supputate 177. semidiameters of the earth, and thē the crassitude of Venus Orbe, being 910 semidiameters both very nigh supplie and fill the residue. They therefore will not confesse that these Planets haue any obscuritie in their bodies like the ☽, but that either with their owne proper light, or else being throughly pierced with solare beames, they shine and shew circulare. And hauing a straying course of latitude, they seldome passe betwéene the Sunne and vs: or if they should, their bodies being so small could scarcely hide the hundred part of the Sun, and so small a spot in so noble a light could hardly be discerned. And yet Auerrois in his Paraphrasis on Ptolomie affirmeth, that he saw a little spot in the Sunne at such time as by Calculation he had forecast a corporal Coniunction. But how weake this their reason is, it may soone appeare if we consider how from the earth to the lowest of the Moones Orbe there is 38. semidiameters of the earth, or by the truer computation according to Copernicus 52. And yet in all that so huge a space we know nothing but the ayre or firie Orbe, if any such be. Againe, the diameter of the circle whereby Venus should be carried nigh 45. grades distant from the Sun, must néedes be sixe times greater at the least, than the distance of that circles lowest part from the earth: than if that whole circle comprehended within the Orbe of Venus should be [Page] turned about the earth, as néedes it must, if we will not attribute to the earth any motion, we may easily consider what rule in the Heauens so vaste and huge an Epicicle, containing a space so many times greater than the earth, Aire, and Orbs of the Moone and ☿ also, wil make: especially being turned round about the earth. Againe, the reason of Ptolomie ▪ that the ☉ must néedes be placed in the middest of those Planets that wander from him at libertie, and those that are as it were combined to him, is proued senselesse by the motion of the Moone, whom wee see no lesse to stray from the Sun, than any of those other three superiour Planets. But if they will néedes haue these two Planets Orbes within an Orbe of the Sunne, what reason can they giue why they should not depart from the Sunne at large, as the other Planets doe, considering the increase of swiftnes in their motion must accompanie the inferiour situation, or else the whole order of Theoricks should be disturbed? It is therefore euident, that either there must be some other Centre, whereunto the order of these Orbes should be referred, or else no reason in their order, nor cause apparant, why we should rather to ♄ than to. ♃ or any of the rest attribute the higher or remoter Orbe. And therefore séemeth it worthie of consideration that Martianus Capella wrote in his Encyclopedia, and certaine other Latines held, affirming that ☌ and ☿ do run about the Sunne in their spheres peculiar, and therefore could not stray further from the ☉ than the capacitie of their Orbes would giue them leaue, because they encompasse not the earth as the others doe, but haue their Absides after another maner conuersed. What other thing would they hereby signifie, but that the Orbs of these Planets should enuiron the Sunne as their Centre. So may the Sphere of ☿ being not of halfe the amplitude of Venus Orbe, bée well situate within the same. And if in like sort wee situate the Orbes of ♄, ♃ and ♂, referring them as it were to the same Centre so, as their capacitie be such as they containe and circulate also the earth, happily wee shall not erre, as by euident Demonstrations in the residue of Copernicus Reuolutions is demonstrate. For it is apparant that these Planets nigh the Sunne, are alwaies least, and further distant, and opposite, and much greater in sight, and nigher to vs: whereby it cannot be, but the Centre [Page] of them is rather to the ☉, than to the earth to be referred: as in the Orbes of ☌ and ☿ also. But if all these to the Sunne as to a Centre in this manner be referred, thē must there néeds betwéen the conuexe Orbe of ☌ and the concaue of ♂ an huge space be left, wherein the earth and Elementarie frame, inclosed with the Lunarie Orbe, of dutie must be situate. For, frō the earth the Moone may not be farre remoued, being without controuersie of al other nighest in place and nature to it: especially considering betwéene the same Orbes of ☌ and ♂ there is roome sufficient. Therefor néede we not to be ashamed to confesse, this whole globe of Elements enclosed with the Moones sphere, together with the earth as the Centre of the same, to be by this great Orbe, together with the other Planets about the Sunne turned, making by his reuolution our yéere. And whatsoeuer seeme to vs to procéede by the mouing of the Sunne, the same to procéede indeede by the reuolution of the earth, the Sunne still remaining fixed and immoueable in the middest. And the distance of the earth from the Sunne to be such, as being compared with the other Planets, maketh euident alterations, and diuersitie of aspects: but if it be referred to the Orbe of starres fixed, then hath it no proportion sensible, but as a point or a Centre to a circumference, which I hold far more reasonable to be granted, than to fall into such an infinite multitude of absurd imaginations, as they were faine to admit that wil néedes wilfully maintaine the earths stabilitie is the Centre of the world. But rather herein to direct our selues by that wisedome, we see in all Gods naturall workes, where we may behold one thing rather endued with many vertues and effects, than any superfluous or vnnecessarie part admitted. And all these things, although they seeme hard, strange, and incredible, yet to any reasonable man that hath his vnderstanding ripened with Mathematicall demonstration, Copernicus in his Reuolutions according to his promise, hath made them more euident and cleere than the Sunne beames. These grounds therefore admitted, which no man reasonably can repugne, that the greater Orbe requireth the longer time to runne his period: the orderly and most beautifull frame of the heauens doth ensue. The first and highest of all is the immoueable sphere of fixed starres, containing it selfe and all the [Page] rest, and therefore fixed: as the place vniuersall of rest, whereunto the motions and positions of al inferiour spheres are to be compared. For albeit sundrie Astrologians finding alterations in the declination and longitude of starres, haue thought that the same also should haue his motion peculiar: yet Copernicus by the motions of the earth salueth al, and vtterly cutteth off the ninth and tenth spheres, which contrarie to all sense the maintainers of the earths stabilitie haue béen compelled to imagine.
The first of the moueable Orbes is that of ♄, which being of all other next vnto the infinite Orbe immoueable, garnished with lights innumerable, is also in his course most slow, and once only in thirtie yéeres passeth his period.
The second is ♃, who in twelue yéeres performeth his circuit.
Mars in two yéeres runneth his circular race.
Then followeth the great Orbe, wherein the Globe of mortalitie inclosed in the Moones Orbe as an Epicicle, and holding the earth as a Centre by his owne waight resting alway permanent in the middest of the aire, is carried round once in a yéere.
In the fift place is Venus, making her reuolutiō in 9. moneths.
In the sixt is ☿, who passeth his circuit in 80. daies.
In the middest of all is the Sunne.
For in so stately a Temple as this, who would desire to set his lampe in any other better or more conuenient place than this, from whence vniformely it might distribute light to all: for not vnfitly it is of some called the Lampe or light of the world, of others the minde, of others the Ruler of the world.
[Page] Trisinegistus calleth him the visible God. Thus doth the Sun like a King sitting in his throne, gouerne his Courts of inferiour powers: neither is the Earth defrauded of the seruice of the Moone: but Aristotle saith, of all other the Moone with the Earth hath nighest alliance, so heere they are matched accordingly.
In this forme or frame may we behold such a wonderfull Symmetry of motions and situations, as in no other can be proponed. The times whereby wee the inhabitants of the Earth are directed, are constituted by the reuolutions of the Earth: the circulation of her Centre causeth the yéere, the conuersion of her circumference maketh the naturall day, and the reuolution of the ☽ produceth the moneth. By the onely view of this Theorick, the cause and reason is apparant, why in ♃ the progressions and Retrogradations are greater than in ♄, and lesse than in ♂, why also in Venus they are more than in ☿: and why such changes from direct to retrograde Stationarie, &c. happeneth, notwithstanding more risely in ♄ than in ♃, and yet more rarely in ♂: why in Venus not so commonly as in ☿. Also why ♃ and ♂ are nigher the earth in their Acronicall, than in their Cosmicall or Heliacall rising: especially ♂, who rising at the Sunne set, sheweth in his ruddie fierie colour equall in quantitie with ♃, and contrariwise setting little after the Sunne▪ is scarcely to be discerned from a starre of the second light. All which alterations apparantly follow vpon the Earths motion. And that none of these doe happen in the fixed starres, it plainly argueth this huge distance and immeasurable altitude, in respect whereof this great Orbe, wherein the Earth is carried, is but a point, and vtterly without sensib [...]e proportion, being compared to that Heauen. For as it is in perspectiue demonstrate: euery quantitie hath a certaine proportionable distance whereunto it may be discerned, and beyond the same it may not be seene. This distance therefore of the immoueable Heauen is so excéeding great, that the whole O [...]bis magnus vanisheth away, if it be conferred to that Heauen.
Herein can wee neuer sufficiently admire this wonderfull and incomprehensible huge frame of Gods worke proponed to our senses, seeing first this ball of the Earth wherein wee moue, to the [Page] common sort seemeth great, and that in respect of the Moones Orbe is very small, but compared with Orbis magnus wherein it is carried, it scarcely retaineth any sensible proportion: so marueilously is that Orbe of annuall motion greater than this little darke Starre wherein wée liue. But that Orbis magnus, being (as is be [...]ore declared) but as a poynt in respect of the immensitie of the immoueable Heauen, we may easily consider what little portion of Gods frame our Elementare corruptible world is, but neuer sufficiently be able to admire the immensitie of the rest: especially of that fixed Orbe garnished with lights innumerable, and reaching vp in Sphericall Altitude without ende. Of which lights Celestiall it is to be thought, that we onely behold such as are in the inferiour parts of the same Orbe: & as they are higher, so seeme they of lesse and lesser quantitie, euen till our sight, being not able f [...]rther to reach or conceiue the greatest part of the rest, by reason of their wonderfull distance inuisible vnto vs. And this may well bee thought of vs to bée the glorious Court of the great God, whose vnsearchable works inuisible we may partly by these his visible, coniecture: to whose infinite power and Maiestie, such an infinite place surmounting all other both in quantitie and qualitie only is conuenient. But because the world hath so long a time beene carried with an opinion of the Earths stabilitie, as the contrarie cannot but be now very imperswasible, I haue thought good out of Copernicus also, to giue a taste of Reasons Philosophicall alleaged for the Earths stabilitie, and their solutions: that such as are not able with Geometricall eyes to beholde the secret perfection of Copernicus Theorick, may yet by these familiar and natural reasons be induced to search farther, and not rashly to condemne for phantasticall, so ancient doctrine reuiued, and by Copernicus so demonstratiuely approued.
What reasons moued Aristotle, and others that followed him, to thinke the earth to rest immoueable as a Centre to the whole world.
THe most effectuall reasons that they produce to prooue the Earths stabilitie in the middle or lowest part of the world, [Page] is that of Grauitie and Leuitie. For of all other the Element of the earth (say they) is most heauie, and all ponderous things are carried vnto it, striuing (as it were) to sway euen downe to the inmost part thereof. For the earth being round, into the which all waightie things on euery side fall, making right angles on the superficies, passe to the Centre, seeing euery right line that falleth perpendicularly vpon the Horizon in that place where it toucheth the earth, must needes passe by the Centre. And those things that are carried toward that Medium, it is likely that there also they would rest. So much therefore the rather shall the earth rest in the middle, and (receiuing all things into it selfe that fall) by his owne waight shall bee most immoueable. Againe, they seeke to prooue it by reason of motion and his nature: for of one and the same simple bodie, the motion must also be simple, saith Aristotle. Of simple motions there are two kindes, Right and Circular: Right are either vp or downe: so that euery simple motion is either downward toward the Centre, or vpward from the Centre, or Circular about the Centre. Now vnto the earth and water in respect of their waight, the motion downward is conuenient to seeke the Centre: to Aire and Fire in regard of their lightnesse, vpward and from the Centre. So is it méete to these Elements to attribute the right or straight motion, and to the Heauens onely it is proper circularly about this meane or Centre to be turned round. Thus much Aristotle. If therefore (saith Ptolomie of Alexandria) the Earth should turne but onely by that daily motion, things quite contrarie to these should happen. For his motion should be most swift & violent, that in foure and twentie houres should let passe the whole circuit of the Earth: and those things which by sudden turning are stirred, are altogether [...]onméet to collect, but rather to disperse things vnited, vnlesse they should by some firme fasting be kept together. And long ere this, the Earth being dissolued in péeces, should haue béen scattered through the heauens, which were a mockery to think of: & much more, beasts, and all other waights that are loose could not remaine vnshaken. And also things falling should not light on the places perpendicular vnder them, neither should they fall directly thereto, the same being violently in the meane while carried away. Cloudes also [Page] and other things hanging in the Ayre should alwaies seeme to vs to be carried toward the West.
The solution of these Reasons, with their insufficiencie.
THese are the causes, and such other, wherewith they approue the Earth to rest in the middle of the world, and that out of all question. But he that will maintaine the Earths mobilitie, may say that this motion is not violent but naturall. And these things which are naturally mooued haue effects contrarie to such as are violently carried. For such motions wherein force and violence is vsed, must needes bee dissolued, and cannot bee of long continuance: but those which by nature are caused, remaine still in their perfite estate, and are conserued and kept in their most excellent constitution. Without cause therefore did Ptolomie feare least the Earth, and all earthly things should bee torne in pecces by this Reuolution of the Earth, caused by the working of Nature, whose operations are farre different from those of Arte, or as such humane intelligence may reach vnto. But why should he not much more think and misdoubt the same of the world, whose motion must of necessitie bee so much more swift and vehement then this of the Earth, as the Heauen is greater then the Earth? Is therefore the Heauen made so huge in quantitie that it might with vnspeakeable vehemencie of motion bee feuered from the Centre, least happily resting it should fall, as some Philosophers haue affirmed? Surely, if this reason should take place, the magnitude of the heauen should infinitly extend. For the more this motion shoulde violentlie bee carried higher, the greater should the swiftnesse be, by reason of increasing of the circumference, which must of necessitie in 24. houres be past ouer, and in like manner by increase of the motion, the Magnitude must also necessarilie bee augmented: thus should the swiftnesse increase Magnitude, and the Magnitude the swiftn [...]sse infinitly. But according to that ground of nature: whatsoeuer is infinite can neuer be passed ouer. The Heauen therefore of necessity must stand and rest fixed. But say they, without the heauen there is no body, [Page] no place, no emptinesse, no not any thing at all whether heauen should or could farther extend. But this surely is very strange, that nothing should haue such efficient power to restraine some thing, the same hauing a very essence and being. Yet if wee would thus confesse that the Heauen were indeede infinite vpward, and onely finite downeward in respect of his sphericall concauitie: much more perhaps might that saying bee verified, that without the heauen is nothing, seeing euery thing in respect of the infinitenesse thereof had place sufficient within the same. But then must it of necessitie remaine immoueable. For the chiefest reason ye hath mooued some to thinke the Heauen limitted, was Motion, which they thought without controuersie to bee indeede in it. But whether the world haue his bounds, or bee indeede infinite and without bounds, let vs leaue that to bee discussed of Philosophers: sure we are that the Earth is not infinite, but hath a circumference limitted. Seeing therefore all Philosophers consent the limitted bodies may haue motion, and infinite cannot haue any: why doe we yet stagger to confesse motion in the Earth, being most agréeable to his forme and nature, whose bounds also and circumference wee knowe, rather then to imagine that the whole world should sway end turne, whose ende wee knowe not, no possiblie can of any mortall man be knowne? And therfore the true motion indeede to be in the Earth, and the apparance onely in the Heauen: and that these apparances are not otherwise then if the Virgilian Aeneas should say: ‘Prouehimur portu, terraeque vrbésque reced [...]nt.’
FOr a ship carried in a smooth Sea with such tranquilitie doth passe away, that all things on the shores and the seas, to the saylers seeme to moue, and themselues onely quietly to rest with all such things as are aboord with them▪ so surely may it be in the Earth, whose motion being naturall and not forcible, of all other is most vniforme and vnpeeceiueable, whereby to vs that sayle therein, the whole worlde may seeme to roule about. But what shall we then say of Clowdes and other things hanging or resting [Page] in the ayre, or tending vpward, but that not onely the Earth & sea making one Globe, but also no small part of the ayre is likewise circularly carried, & in like sort al such things as are deriued from them, or haue any manner of alliance with them: either for that the lower Region of the ayre being mixt with earthly and watrie vapours, [...]ollow the same nature of the Earth: either that it be gained and gotten from the Earth by reason of Vicinitie or Contignitie. Which if any man maruaile at, let him consider how the olde Philosophers did yeeld the same reason for the Reuolution of the highest Region of the ayre, wherein wee may sometime beholde Comets carried circularly no otherwise then the bodies Celestiall seeme to be, and yet hath that Region of the ayre lesse conuenience with the Orbes Celestiall then this low part with the E [...]rth. But we affirme that part of the ayre in respect of this great distance to be destitute of this motion terrestriall, & that this part of the ayre that is next to the Earth doth appeare most still and quiet, by reason of his vniforme naturall accompanying of the Earth, and likewise things that hang therein, vnlesse by windes or other violent accident they bee tossed to and fro. For the winde in the ayre is nothing els but as waues in the Sea. And of things ascending and descending in respect of the world we must confesse them to haue a mixt motion of right and circular, albeit it seeme to vs right & straight, not otherwise then if in a ship vnder sayle a man should softly let a plummet down from the top along by the mast euen to the deck: this plummet passing alwayes by the straight mast, seemeth also to fall in a right line, but being by discourse of reason weyed, his motion is found mixt of right and circular. For such things as naturally fall downward, being of earthly nature, there is no doubt but as parts they retaine the nature of the whole. No otherwise is it to these things that by fiery force are caried vpward. For the earthly fire is chiefly nourished with earthly matter: and flame is defined to bee naught els but burning fume or smoke, and that the propertie of fire is to extend the subiect whereinto it entereth, the which it doth with so great violence, as by no meanes or engines it can be constrayned, but that with breach of [...]ants it will performe his nature. This motion extensiue is from the Centre to the circumference: [Page] so that if any earthly part be fiered, it is carried violently vpward. Therefore whereas they say, that of simple bodies the motion is altogether simple, of the circular it is chiefely verified so long as the simple bodie remayneth in his naturall place, and perfite vnitie of composition: for in the same place there can bee no other motion but circular, which remaining wholy in it selfe, is most like to rest an immobilitie. But right or straight motion onely happen to those things that stray and warder, or by any meanes are thrust out of their natural place. But nothing can be more repugnant to the forme and ordinance of the world, then that things naturally should be out of their naturall place. This kind of motion therfore that is by right line, is onely accident to those things that are not in their right state or prefection naturall, while parts are disioyned from their whole bodie, and couet to returne to the vnitie there of againe. Neither doe these things which are carried vpward or downeward besides this circular moouing make any simple vniforme, or equall motion, for which their leuitie or ponderositie of their bodie, they cannot be tempered, but alwayes as they fall (beginning slowly) they increase their motion, & the further the more swiftly, whereas contrariwise this our earthly fire (for other wee cannot see) wee may beholde as it is carried vpwarde to vanish and decay, as it were confessing the cause of violence to proceede onely from his matter terrestriall. The circular motion alway continueth vniforme and equall, by reason of his cause which is indeficient and alway continuing. But the other hasteneth to the end and to attaine that place where they leaue longer to be heauie or light, and hauing attained that place, their motion ceaseth. Seeing therfore this circular motion is proper to the whole, as straight is onely vnto parts, we may say that circular doeth rest with straight, as animal cum aegro. And whereas Aristotle hath distributed simplicem motum into these three kinds, A medio ad medium, and circa medium, it must bee onely in reason, and imagination, as wee likewise seuer in consideration Geometricall, a poynt, a line, and a superficies, whereas in deede neither can stande without other, ne any of them without a bodie.
Hereto wee may adioyne, that the condition of immobilitie is [Page] more noble and diuine than that of change, alteration, or instabilitie: and therefore more agréeable to Heauen than to this Earth, where all things are subiect to continuall mutabilitie. And seeing by euident proofe of Geometricall mensuration, wée finde that the Planets are sometimes nigher to vs, and somtimes more remote, and that therefore euen the maintainers of the Earths stabilitie, are enforced to confesse, that the earth is not their Orbes Centre, this motion circa Medium, must in more generall sort bée taken, and that it may bée vnderstand that euery Orbe hath his peculiar Medium and Centre, in regard whereof this simple and vniforme motion is to be considered. Séeing therfore that these Orbs haue seuerall Centres, it may bee doubted whether the Centre of this earthly grauitie, be also the Centre of the world. For grauitie is nothing else but a certaine procliuity or naturall coueting of parts to be coupled with the whole: which by diuine prouidence of the Creator of all, is giuen and impressed into the parts, that they should restore themselues into their vnitie and integritie, concurring in Sphericall forme. Which kind of proprietie or affection, it is likely also that the Moone and other glorious bodies want not, to knit and combine their parts together: and to maintaine them in their round shape, which bodies notwithstanding are by sundrie motions, sundrie waies conueied. Thus as it is apparant by these naturall reasons, that the mobilitie of the Earth is more probable and likely than the stabilitie: so if it be Mathematically considered, and Geometricall mensurations euery part of euerie Theoricke examined: the discréete student shall finde, that Copernicus, not without great reason did propone this ground of the Earths mobilitie.
A short discourse touching the variation of the Compasse.
MArueilous (no doubt) is that naturall proprietie of the Magnes, whereby the néedle touched immediatly turneth to some one certaine point of the Heauens, and after sundrie motions hither and thither, findeth rest onely in one place and point. And albeit this point in seuerall Horizons be different, yet in any one Horizon it rem [...]ineth alway permanent, and therfore it plainly appeareth that the same proceedeth of some constant permanent cause naturall, and not of any mutable vncertaine cause accidentall. But what this cause should bee▪ no man hitherto hath truely discouered. To omit apparant absurd opinions, the most probable of those that haue been giuen and generally best allowed, is the point Attractiue, which should bee of such vertue as to draw the needle touched alway toward the same point: but whether this point should bee in the heauens or earth, is another controuersie. Such as will haue it in the earth, affirme it to bee a huge mountaine or rocke of Magnes stone, distant from the Pole certaine grades, which drawing the needle to it selfe, alwaies causeth it to make an angle of variation from the Pole of the world, saue onely vnder the Meridian that passeth by the same Attractiue point. But the error of this opinion will soone be found of them that shall vpon this supposition, and two different angles of variation, search out the place of that point Attractiue (the same being in that Intersection of the two Circles of position by the variations determined) and then conferre that with some third angle of variation: wherby it shal plainly appeare that in the earth no such one Attractiue point can be imagined, as shal by circle of opposition produce such variations as in Nauigation haue been discouered. And to place this point Attractiue in any of the heauēs, it would appeare more absurd. For whether the Heauens moue, and the Earth rest immoueable, or the Earth moue, and the great Orbe of starres be permanent, as of necessitie the one or the other must be true (considering a motion is apparant) it must necessarily follow, that his alteration should be in continuall alteration euery houre and moment [Page] of the day: but by experience we find the contrary, and therfore may necessarily be inferred, no such Attractiue poynt in that Heauen. So that hauing found by these trials this imagination of a poynt Attractiue, and such instruments as haue been vpon that ground deuised, but meere vanities, I haue somewhat further sought. And among sundrie imaginations that I haue Mathematically handled, I thinke it is not amisse to propone one to be considered, weied and examined by exquisite triall of Geometricall demonstration, and Arithmeticall calculation: for it is no question for grosse Mariners to meddle with, no more then the finding of the Longitude. And therfore I cannot a little wonder at the blind boldnes of Sebastian Cabotto, and some others, that being ignoran [...] both in Geometricall demonstration, and Arithmeticall Symicall calculations, haue nathelesse tane vpon them in these most diffi [...]le questions to promise resolution, being no more able or likely to performe it, then an Oxe to flie between two mountaine tops. Those sciences being the only win [...]s to eleuate our grosse senses to matter so high and mysticall, let such content themselues with the praise of painfull hard, farre trauelled mariners, and for their new discoueries let them learne Apolles lesson: Ne sutor vtra crepidam. Of these two Problemes thus much I promise for the inuention of the Longitude, I will (God sparing life) deliuer meanes as exact, certaine▪ and feazible, at all times of the yeere in what place soeuer, is by Eclipses. And for the other if I deliuer not the like, at the least s [...] farre I will wade therein, that such blind boldnesse knowing s [...]m [...]what more their owne imperfection, shall in such mysteries vs [...] more modestie.
An Hypothesis or supposed cause of the variation of the Compasse, to be Mathematically weied.
AS the Axis of the Earth, notwithstanding all other motions remaineth as it were imm [...]ueable, and yet in respect of the sphericall fourme of the Earth in euery seuerall Horizon maketh a seuerall line Meridionall, by reason of the section made in the superficies of the Horizons by Meridians, hauing all that Axis as their common diametre, so [Page] may it also come to passe of the line of the needle and his varation, the needle being alway permanent in one plaine superficies, according to the seuerall section of the plaine wherein it resteth, and the Horyzon there may be continually made, in euery plaine new variations. More plainely to open this imagination, thus I say: that as in a payre of ballance of equall waight there is a certaine motion to and fro before they finde their true place of rest (the same being only in the leuell of the Horizon) which commeth to passe as Copernicus affirmeth, by the attractiue Centre of the Earth, who drawing vnto him either waight with like force, finding the subiects like also, compelleth them to rest in the superficies like distant from that Attractiue Centre: so in the needle being a body endued with two seuerall properties, the one of Grauitie & Leuitie, which being equally poyzed, forceth him to abide in the Horizon: the other being Magneticall and receiued by the touch, which causeth him to rest alway in that one Meridiā, to the Magnes appropriate, it thereby commeth to passe, that after sundry ballancing this way and that way, it onely setleth in the common section of this peculiar Meridian and the Horizon. So that euen as in Dyals the line of the stile onely accordeth and concurreth with the Meridian line, in such as are voyd of declination, but in all such playnes as are declinatorie, the line of the stile varieth from the Meridian line, and the same angle of variation also altereth as well in respect of inclination as declination: so I suppose this variation of the compasse to be nothing els but the angle comprehended betweene the Meridian line, and the common section of the magneticall Meridian and the Horizon in the Horizontall plaine, and this Angle to bee alwayes exactly equall to the Angle contayned of the Meridian line, and line of the stile: The Longitude of the place proponed accounted from the Magneticall Meridian, b [...]ing equall to the declination of the Dyals playne superficies, making computation from South to East Cyrcularly, and the Latitude of the place equall to the complement of the inclination of the same superficies Ho [...]ologiall. Of the veritie of this supposition I could easily determine, if there were any trust to the obseruation of Mariners: but hauing found by experience their grosse vsage and homely instruments, where halfe a poynt commonly [Page] breaketh no square: and also their repugnant tales that haue trauayled the very selfe same Uoyages, I cannot yet resolue.
VPon due examination of this Hypothesis there may happily fall out a strange Paradox, not thought of hitherto, that these vulgare maryne Chartes desynate with Parallele Meridians, and right lined Rumbie, being of themselues apparantly false and err [...]nious: yet vsed without rectification of the compasse, may bring foorth true effects, and so two errours concurring produce a veritie.
Errors in the Arte of Nauigation commonly practised.
FIrst, all their Chartes are described with straight Meridian lines running equidistant or Parallele, which errour is most manifest to any that haue tasted but the first principles of Cosmographie, considering they are all great circles, and concurre in the Poles.
SEcondly, they suppose that running vpon any of their poynts of their Compasse, they should passe in the Circumference of a great circle, and therefore in the plaine Charte describe those winds with straight lines: but therein are they greatly abused, for the Shippe stenning the North and the South, onely maketh her course in a great Circle: East or West she describeth a Paralle, and being stirred on any other meane poynt, (the Compasse being tru [...]ly rectified) shee delin [...]ateth in her course a Curue or Helicall line, neither straight nor Circular, but mixt of both: and therefore to set foorth these windes in the Chartes with straight lines is most erronious,
THirdly, their rule to know Latitude by the Pole starre, adding or substracting from his Altitude according to the situation of the grades, is all false, and that worst i [...], cannot be amended: [Page] but be it neuer so wel rectified to one climate, yet is it false in all other.
FOurthly, their ta [...]ing of the Sunne with their Balis [...]ile (as they terme it) is most false: and whereas some finding the errour thereof, haue gone about to remedie the same by cutting off a part at the ende, thinking thereby it might approch to the Centre of the eye, they encrease thereby the errour▪ and make it more false. For visus non fit à puncto, as they suppose. And this errour is much like the other of the Pole star and situation of the guards: for be it neuer so well corrected by section to any one Altitude, then shall it bee false for all other, as to any skilfull in Perspectiue it is easily demonstrate.
This errour I h [...]ue alreadie reformed, Demonstrati [...]è, & Practicè in my booke lately published, entituled Alae seu Scalae Mathematicae.
Also the rules they haue to know how many leagues they shal runne vpon euery poynt to raise one degree in Latitude, are also meere false. For they search that Arcke Itinerall as though it were the Hypothenusa to a right angled triangle, whose sides are circles of contrary nature, the one a Parallele, the other a great circle, and therefore without all sence seeke they by proportion of right lines to deliuer their quantitie.
But besides these errours, they haue one great imperfection yet in their arte, and hitherto by no man suppli [...], and that is the want of exact Rules to knowe the Longitude or Arckes I [...]inerall, East and West, without the which they can neither truly g [...]ue the place or situation of any coast, Harborough, Roade or Town, ne yet in sayling, discerne how the place they sayle vnto beareth from them, or how farre it is distant, whereby they are inforced long before they come at any Coast, all night to strike sayle, no other wayes then if they were vpon it, thereby loosing the benefite of prosperous winds, in such sort sometime, that whereas keeping a true course they might haue been quietly at Roade, they are [Page] by contrarie and aduerse tempests carried farre off, and so not without great charge to the owner, paine to the companie, and perill to the vessell, are enforced to wast their time, which groweth of their ignorance, that they neither haue true Rules to direct themselues the nighest course, ne yet treading their beaten paths can assuredly decide of their certaine place. For reformation of these errors and imperfections, new Chartes, new Instruments, and new Rules must be prescribed. Wherein I haue prepared in a peculiar volume for that purpose to entreate, wishing in in the meane time that such as are not able to reforme these faults, will abstaine to teach our Countriemen moe errours.