The noble lyfe a[nd] natures of man of bestes, serpentys, fowles a[nd] fisshes [that] be moste knoweu [sic]. — Hortus sanitatis. English.

The noble lyfe a[nd] natures of man of bestes, serpentys, fowles a[nd] fisshes [that] be moste knoweu [sic]. — Hortus sanitatis. English.

Table of contents

¶Prologus.

[Figure]

[Figure] ¶Of the makinge of mānes 〈…〉 ▪

[Figure] ¶Here after foloweth the. te• ages of mankynde lykened be ye ten dyuers beſtis as here is expreſly ſhewed / and how the n• ture of mankynde dothe chaū ge from ten yere dethe cōme• tyme of •eth hī as a goſe yt i• to lucke ye frēdes 〈◊〉 it he in erthe is 〈…〉 [Figure] 〈…〉 vpon theſame that before is ſpecifyed of the makyng of man in his moders wombe.

¶Of the diſgeſtion of mete wherby the body is ſuſtayned.

¶Howe that man cōmeth into the howſe of dethe. [Figure]

¶Here after enſueth the perfyte knowlege of the x. wittes / & in what place of the hede that they lay / that is to vnderſtāde the v. interyall wittes / & the fyue wittes cōmune as it ſtādeth in the figure of the hede.

¶Of the dremis of mankinde enclyned to ye nature of cōplexcion. [Figure]

¶The operation of mankynde.

§

¶Of the Lāme. Cap. ꝑmo. [Figure]

¶The Operacion.

¶Of the Rāme or weddr Ca. iijo. [Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

The Operacion.

¶Of the aſſe. ca. v.

¶The Operacyon.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶〈◊〉. ca. xi. [Figure]

The operacion.

Of the Oyſter baer. ca. xij

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The operacyon.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The operacion.

¶Of the zubro. Cap. xix. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The operacyon.

[Figure]

The operacion.

[Figure]

¶The operacyon.

[Figure]

The Operacyon..

[Figure] ¶Of Caccus. Ca. xxvi.

[Figure]

¶The Operacion.

¶Of the cameleon. ca. xxviij

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Of the Cocodrillus. Cap. xliiij.

[Figure]

¶The Operacion.

¶Of the Dāma. Cap. xlvi. [Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure] Of the Damula. cap. xlvij

The Operacion

[Figure]

The Operacion

Of the Draconcopedes. cap. xlviij.

[Figure]

[Figure]

Of the Oromeda. cap. lij.

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Of Edus. cap. lix. [Figure] Of Edus. Cap. lix.

The Operacion

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure] ¶Falena. ca. lxij.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

capitulo. lxvi.

[Figure]

capitulo. lxviij. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure]

¶The Operacyon.

capitulo. lxxij.

¶The operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The operacion.

[Figure]

¶The operacion.

capitulo. lxxvi.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The Operacyon.

capitulo. lxxxi.

¶Leonthophonus. ca. lxxxij.

¶The hare. ca. lxxxiii. [Figure] Capitulo. lxxxiij.

¶The operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure]

Cap. xc

[Figure] capitulo. .xci.

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The Operacyon.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

The Operacion

The operacion

[Figure]

Cap. c.ij [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion

Cap. C.vi·

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. C.xij. [Figure]

[Figure]

Capitulo. c.xiiij. [Figure]

Capitulo. Cxv.

capitulo. C.xvi.

capitulo. Cxvij. [Figure] capitulo. C.xvij.

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure] Cap. C.xx.

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The Operacyon.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. C.xxviij.

[Figure]

The operacion

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure] Cap. c.xxxvij.

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacyon

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

¶The operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure] Capitulo. c.l.

The Operacion

[Figure]

[Figure]

§

¶Of the generacyon of the birdes in the ayre.

¶Of the thre partes or regions of the ayre.

Of the ſeconde element or Region of the ayre.

Of the thirde element or Region of the ayre.

[Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure]

Cap. xij.

[Figure]

Cap. xiiij.

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacyon

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacon

[Figure] Cap. xxiij.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure] Cap. xxvij.

Solinꝰ ſayth

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

The Operacion. Plinius

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure] Cap. xliiij.

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. xlix [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lij.

The Operacyon

[Figure]

¶The operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lxij. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

The operacion.

[Figure]

Cap. lxviij. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure] Cap. lxxv.

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lxxviij. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lxxxi. [Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lxxxiiij. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure] Cap. lxxxviij.

[Figure]

[Figure]

The Operacion.

Cap. xci. [Figure]

¶The operacion.

Cap. xci.

The Operacion.

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. xcvi.

The Operacion..

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. C

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. C.iij.

[Figure]

The Operacion

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. C.ix.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure] Cap. C.xij.

[Figure]

¶The operacion.

[Figure]

Cap. C.xv.

The Operacion.

§

§

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. iij.

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. vi.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. xiij. [Figure]

Cap. xiiij.

Cap. xv. [Figure] cap. xv.

[Figure]

The Operacion.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. xxv. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. xxix.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Ca. xxxiij. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. xlij. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. xlvij

[Figure]

Cap. xlix.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lvi.

[Figure] Cap. lvij.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lxij.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lxviij.

[Figure]

Cap. lxx.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lxxvij. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. lxxxviij. [Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

Cap. xciij.

[Figure]

[Figure]

[Figure]

§

Title page

¶Prologus.

[Page]

[Page]

IN the name of ower ſauiour criſte Ieſu maker & redemour of al mā kynd / I Laurēs ādrewe of ye towne of Calis haue tranſlated for Iohn̄es does bo / rowe booke prenter in the cite of And warpe this p̄ſent volume deuyded in thre partes whiche was neuer before in no maternall langage prentyd tyl now / The naturall maiſter Ariſtotell ſaith that euery body be the courſe of nature is enclyned to here & ſe all that refreſſheth & quickeneth the ſpretys of man / wherfor I haue thus in this boke folowīge written the nature of many beſtys on erthe / fowles in the ayre & fyſſhes in the water / whiche be wonderfull and maruelous to be herde of / and how theſe forſaid be natured and fourmed whiche be figured at euery chapter. ¶And firſt of all I wyll ſpeke of man becauſe he is moſte worthyeſt to be ſpoken of / for he is created & made like vnto the ſimilitude of almighty god / and than of all thinges that is created of almighty god to the behoue of mankynde wherby he ſhold be ſuſtayned & preſerued / of the whiche he ſhall anſwere for at the dredfull daye of iugemēt before our redemour the right wis Iuge of all ſuch thīges as he hath myſuſed that god of his infenyte grace hathe made hym lorde of. &c̄.

Ca. Primo. of the nature of man.

[figure]

THe creatour that hathe created all thinge of nought our ſauiour & maiſter cryſte that is lorde almighty hathe made vpon the .vi. day our fore fader Adam in the felde of damaſc [...] of of red erthe / & there he gaue vnto him bothe lyfe & [...]owle where thrugh he is becom man & figured lyke vnto the ſymylitude of almyghty god / and than made hym lorde of all erthly thinges / and gaue hym grace thrugh his glorious godhede & ſhaped in hym ſuche wyt & ſapience that there was neuer erthly man that had the cōninge that he had / And than dyd Adam geue vnto euery thynge that is vnder heuen his perfyte name. Whan this was done than dyd he ſet Adam in Paradys terreſter & there cauſed him to ſlepe / & [Page] out of his ſyde he toke a rybbe & ther of he made Eua. Alſo god hath made ye planetes and ſterres of the fyer / the wyndes & fowles of ye ayre / ye fyſſhes of the water. and man of erthe / wherfore whan man beholdeth ye thynges made of the water than ſhall he fynde hymſelfe very ſymple / but whāne he beholdeth yt that is made of the ayre thā ſhall he fynde hymſelfe moche more ſympler / yett whan he beholdith yt that god hath made of the fyre / thā is the moſt ſympleſt of al / and man ſhall nat lyke hymſelfe to heuēly thynges no [...] accept hymſelf better thā an erthly thynge / for that he fyndeth and the beſtis alſo / and this is to be vnderſtād of ye bodi of man / which body was firſt named Adam / whāne that our lorde [...] [...] ous godhed / he gaue vnto hym incontynent a cōuenyent and perfyte rule & lawe whiche he ſholde holde & kepe / and this it was. That he in all thoughtes / wordes / and workes / neuer ſholde thinke or wiſſhe of any other worſe in no maner of wyſe than he wolde that of hym ſholde fortune / Than ſholde he kepe the way of rightwiſnes and egalite. Whan he had receyued this commandement of the heuenly kynge / he ſtode vp naked before the hye Lorde of myght ſainge thus / O my lorde my god that hathe with thy heuenly handes made me a naturall bodye of vyle erthe and knet in methe humanite of fleſhly nature with bones & ſenewes to go on the grownde wherfore I beſeche the lorde remēber that thou haſte made me & geue me that lyfe & grace that thou haſt ordayned me to ¶This our fader Adam was ye comlyeſt / fayreſt and beſt made that euer was on grownde of al the mēbres of his body And our lorde hath ſhed in hȳ ſo gret abundance of graces / that no man is to hym comparable / fore he was illumyned with all the ſeuen ſciences.

¶He had alſo knowlege of all maner of erbis / their properties and vertues of trees / of metalles / of ſtones / byrdes / beſtys / fyſſhes / ſerpentis / & of all other thinges on erthe / and the fadere of heuen commaunded alle theeſe forna / med to be of the worlde brought before hym to thente that he ſholde knowe them and geue them their names whiche they kepe & euer ſhall whyleſt ye worlde endureth. ¶Clarā preteres [...] xp̄i incarnationē et paſſionē ſolus aſſe qui cōmeruit. vt in ſupplemēto ſupplementi. ¶Herfor was Adam made lorde and gouernour of the worlde / and all thingines therin pertayning ſholde to him be obedient Thus was Adam infenyt / and not of the condicyon of nature / but of the benefites of grace. For the infenytnes cōmeth out of the tree of lyfe / and the body ſholde neuer haue dyed yf it had nat ſynned. & whan man had ſynned than was he roued from the tre of lyfe Yet nat withſtandīge the body is made of the foure elemētis as before it is ſpecifyed / & in that body be .ij.c.xlij. bones great and ſmall.

[figure]

¶Of the makinge of mānes [...] ▪

[Page]

THe Man is Lorde and ender of all thīges here on erthe / and is alſo the moſte perfiteſt and full made thinge of all leuynge creatures that euer god created as the ſcripture teſtefieth & criſte blewe lyfe into hym and of a rybbe he made him an helpe to the entente whan they come roged through full power that he them gaue that they ſholde engender. Exemplū whan he ſaide Creſite / waxe and multiply through thencreaſinge of ye ſede And thus he hathe created man & woman becauſe they ſholde bringe forth of their ſede / which ſede is named ſperma / and is a profitable parte of ye fode cōmynge after the firſt diſieſtyon / and that ſperma is apoynted to frutefull veſſell is to the entent that our humanite ſholde contynewe the lenger and nat ende / But he that ſoweth tomoche of this ſede / that is to vnderſtande they that occupy tomoche with womē they wex ſone feble of lȳmes / and dye within ſhorte ſpace / Wherfore Galienus ſaith he that is gelded may lyue a lōge ſeaſon / and men that haue but lytell conuerſacyon with womē may lyue longer than women / for they be hoter of nature.

[figure]

¶Here after foloweth the. te [...] ages of mankynde lykened be ye ten dyuers beſtis as here is expreſly ſhewed / and how the n [...] ture of mankynde dothe chaū ge from ten yere dethe cōme [...] tyme of [...]eth hī as a goſe yt i [...] to lucke ye frēdes [...] it he in erthe is [...] [Page]

Sāctus Auguſtinꝰ.

[...] vpon theſame that before is ſpecifyed of the makyng of man in his moders wombe.

AVguſtinus ſaith of the making of mānes body / whan that ſper [...]a is receyued in the dewe place of ye [...]oders body / than is that ſede formed [...]efome or mylke in ye firſt .vi. daeys [...] in thre dayes folowīge it maketh [...]reparacyn of the lyfe in forme of ly [...]pympels or bladders. Sixe dayes [...]r that it chaūgeth holy into blode [...]d .xij. dayes after that it is tourned [...]o fleſſhe. Nyne dayes after that / ye [...] is deuyded from the ſholders and [...]rmoſte lȳmes of the body / as ye ſy [...] the bely / tyll that it hathe his ful [...]ely ſhape of body & lȳmes. withī [...]es afte that is ſene a full pro [...] body / yet the prīcypall lymmes be made firſt / as the harte / the lyuer & braynes / & than the lȳmes that therto belōgeth / as the nauyl / ye mawe & the codes / and after that ſuche as be nexte / but laſt of al be handes and fete made with the other lȳmes. And the bodij of man is made of many diuers ſortes of lȳmes / as ſenewes / vaynes / fatte / fleſſhe & ſkynne. And alſo of the foure moiſtours / as ſanguyne / flematyke / coleryke / & melancoly. But all creatures hathe a ſeſonable tyme of ye yere to bringe forthe their frute ſaue only mankynde whiche is at the leſte of body full made in his moders wōbe the .xxxv. daye. & entreth the mouynges of his body vpon the .lxx. daye and that birthe is in the ſeuenth moneth. [...] daye than the chylde geteth [...] the .lxxx. daye / & that birth is vpon the eight moneth & they dye oftentymes. Yf the body be full made vpon the .xlv daye / than receyueth it lyfe vpon the xc. daye and is borne vpon the nynth moneth. But the body of mankynde is cōmonly full made vpon the .xlv. daye as before is ſpecifyed. &c̄. and that is the moſte connenyent tyme. And whan mankynde is borne / than he retoureth to the erthe ageyn of the which he was before created & made.

¶Of the diſgeſtion of mete wherby the body is ſuſtayned.

[Page]THe lyf of man is prī cypally

[figure]

ſett in humido radicali / that is in ye radicall moiſtour for whan man lacketh yt / than muſt he dye / and becauſe ye na / turall here is alſo in man the whyche here whan it fideth nothīge ellys to be ſuſtayned of / thā it ſuſtayneth hym ſelf of radycall moyſtour / & becauſe thys moyſtour ſholde nat be febled but kept in good maner / therfore ye nature ha / the ordayned mete to bee eten / and yt to be broughte to diſieſtyon / for whā it is thawed wt the te [...]he [...] than [...] & ther is ye fyrſte diſieſtion & there ye is ertly deuided frome ye clene & ye onclene is ſente downe to ye fundament & is voided through the place of purgacion / & ye clene humour is ſent to ye lyuer why / che is ye ſecōde diſieſtiō / & there is ye watery onclennes deuyded from ye clene & ſent down to ye bladder & thā voided at ye watery place / & ye clene is ſent to ye hart & yt is the thyrde dyſieſtyon. and there is agayne the onclene ſent or deuided frome the clene / and of the onclene cometh the ſeed ſperma in ye man and the menſtruum in the women / & the clene become blod / and that is ſent thorough grete waynes to all the places of the body / and that is agayne deuyded the clene from the onclene / an the onclene gothe away through the ſwete and ſwete holes / and is chaun / ged in to the nayles / and ſuche lyke / & the clene changeth hymſelfe into the ſubſtaūce of hym that eteth the mete And thus is the naturall reſtored and ſtrengthened yf that they waſte nat ye radicall moyſtour wherin the lyfe is layde. yf the radicall moyſtour be myniſhed / than it is agayn into the other as before is teſtefyed. &c.

¶Howe that man cōmeth into the howſe of dethe.

Coleri [...]us.

¶The howſe of dethe.

Flegmaticus

Sanguineus

Melancolicus

[Page]

HOw that man cōmeth vnto the howſe of deth ye ſhall vnderſtande be thre maner of wayes And firſt be the foure elemētis wherof man is made / for the foure elementis fight togeder / and the one ouercōmeth the other and than muſt man dye. yf Adam had nat ſynned the four elementis ſholde neuer haue varyed / and Adam ſholde haue had full power to haue accorded and rule them. The ſeconde / man dyeth becauſe that humidum radicale forſaketh hym / that is the naturall moyſtour. yf Adam had nat ſynned [Page] god had ſet vs the ire of lyfe / & we ſholde haue ben fre of all ſekeneſſes / & moyſt of nature & neuer dyed / but bydden euer luſty & freſſhe as a yonge man. The thirde man dyeth of that he hath ben hurt wt wepens wtin or wtout or wt burdens lifting or bytinges of beſtis. &c. If Adam had nat ſinned all thynge ſholde haue bene to him obediēt & nothinge to him cōtrary. & theſe thre maners of dethes be cōtained in the four cōplexcions of man / as in the ſāguyne / colerike / flematike / & melācoly The ſanguyne waxeth oftētymes ſo old through gode gouernaūce / that he muſt occopy ſpectacles & liue longe or hūmidū radicale departe frome him / but than he dyeth. The colerike cōmeth oftentymes do dethe be accidētall maner through his haſtines for he is of nature hote & drye. The flematike cōmeth often to dethe thorough great exceſſe of mete & drinke or other gret labours doinge / for his nature is colde and moyſte & can not well diſieſt. And melācoly is heuy / full of care & heuynes / wherof he engendereth moche euyll blode that cauſeth great ſekenes which bringeth him vnto dethe. Thus go we al vnto the howſe of dethe / the one thrugh enſuynge of his cōplexcion / the other through the ordenances of almyghty god. The thirde through the planetis & ſignes of the firmamēt.

[figure]

¶Here after enſueth the perfyte knowlege of the x. wittes / & in what place of the hede that they lay / that is to vnderſtāde the v. interyall wittes / & the fyue wittes cōmune as it ſtādeth in the figure of the hede.

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MAnkynde is ſhapen & ordeyned to enheryt ye celeſtiall kyngdome / & to be a ruler of all erthly thinges / & that none ertly thinge ſholde rule him as beſtis / ſerpentis / wormes / monſters / or ſuche lyke / for they bere their hed is downe towardes the groūde / & deſyre nothinge but erthly thīges / as mete / drinke and ſlepe. And mankynde bereth his hede vpright towardes the heuens kyngdome to thētente that he ſhold optayn the ryches & gyftes of grace that God hathe ordayned in him / whiche be his naturall wittes / & they be x. in nōber and firſt there be fyue intery al wittes as theſe. ¶Fantaſye that layth before a hye in the hede. Imaginacion & laith before a lowe in the hede. Cogitacyon layth aboue in the myddes of the hede Eſtimacion layeth benethe in the middes of ye hede: Memoria or remēbrās layth behynde in the hede. Euyn before in ye hede is a lytell place wherout iſſueth the fyue wittes cōmune as it is expreſly ſene ī the figure / and theſe be they. Seinge in the iyen / Smellinge in the noſe / Taſtinge in the tonge / Heringe in the eares / & Felinge ouer all the body.

¶Of the dremis of mankinde enclyned to ye nature of cōplexcion.

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AS now the cōmon [...] fiue wittes vttermoſte be ſtopped throughe ſlepe / & than fortuneth the ſleper often tymes to dreme of ſuche thinges as he was wakinge dilygently occupied [...] beſy wt in his mynde / for whā the wyttes dothe ſlepe / than ouerthynketh he the ſame agayne oftētymes / that he deſyred or longed for whan he wakened he thynketh in his ſlepe yt he ſeeth it or hathe goten it. The melancoly ſaithe that he hathe ſene fowle thynges & fer [...] formes o [...] lykeneſſes offendes & yt fortuneth often whan the body is troubled or meued with medicynes or bathes. The colericke dremeth of fyre / of water / of manſlaghter. &c. The flematike dremeth often that he ſitteth in the water or in the ſnowe / o [...] that he eteth honye / or ſuche other lyke of moyſtnes whiche cauſeth oftentymes ſwete flemis to fal vpon their tonges. The ſanguyne dremeth often tymes through ouermoche influēce of blode that he ſeeth ſpretes as the fayres [...]obyn gode felowe or ſuche lyke. &c. And the naturall maiſters ſaye yt it is a warnynge or maner of to comynge payne or dyſeaſe named Apopleria. wherfore it is coūſeyled to all ſuche that they ſhall abſtayne them frome to moche etynge or drynkinge / And ſpecially to abſtayne them frome ſuche metes and drinkes as here be expreſſed / That is to vnderſtande fleſſhe egges and wyne / and alſo from all other metis that cauſe gret influence of blode.

[Page]Many one dremeth lainge in his bed that he ſtandeth vpryght and pyſſeth againſt a wall / as the yonge childeren do yt dreme of their playe done be daye in the ſtrete. Somtyme nature laboureth ſo ſore in the ſlepe for to purifye ye kydne is that the ſleper dremeth of lechery & concupiſcens of the fleſſhe / as kyſſinge / helſinge / & on lawfull handelynge / whiche is very inordinate.

¶The operation of mankynde.

¶Auicenna ſaith that faſtinge ſpecyll kylleth the ſcorpyon / & temper camfer with ſpetyll & that kylleth the itche named Impedigo if it rubbed vpon it. Spetyll dropped in the eere where as a worme is in / whether it be dede or quicke it ſhall bringe it out. Eer ſwete or eer waxe is gode to be layde to the hede that is pained with the migrane It is alſo gode to be ſtriked ouer clouē lyppes for that heleth them.

¶The vryne or water of mankynde wyll hele ſuche itches as breketh oute yf it be waſſhed therwith / & it preſerueth from the crepynge itche and alſo other drye itches / and from al other to comynge ſores in the ioyntes. Vryne dronke wt water & cicer water & hony / is gode for the yelowe iawnes. ¶The dregges of the vryne layd to Colerica apoſtumacion named Hereſipila it heleth it. ¶Diaſcorides.

¶The donge of man layde to a woūd preſerueth it fro ſwellynge. the doūge preſſed & the wete of it layde to a ſwellynge of the throte or any other ſwellynge or impoſtume or olde ſore / and it heleth it.

§

¶Of the Lāme. Cap. ꝑmo.

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IN the begīnynge we haue the Lāme becauſe he is the moſte mekeſt beſte leuinge for it offēdeth nobody / and all that he hathe on him is gode / ye fleſ / ſhe for to eate the ſkynne to make parthemēt or ledder the donge for [...] the felde / the clawes & hornes be mede cinable / he dredeth the wolfe ſore / & he knoweth his dāme beſt be her bleting though ſhe be amonge many ſhepe.

¶The Operacion.

¶The Lāme that ſoucketh his dāme hath his fleſſhe very ſlymie & nat lowable / and it will nat be diſgeſted principally of them that haue cold ſtomakes lāmes of a yere olde be better & lighter to diſgeſt / & they make gode blode / and ſpecyally they be gode for theym that be hote & drye of complexcyon & dwell in a hote and drye lande / lāmes fleſſhe is very gode for one that is hole & luſti but for theim yt be ſeke it is very euyll though it lightely diſgeſt and deſcende out of the maw / yet it is euyll for other [Page] partes of the body / for it maketh ſlimy humours. ¶Auicēna ſaith that the blode of a lāme mengyd with wyne is gode for the fallinge ſekenes. The roncell of the lāme heleth the bytynges of venymous beſtis ¶Albertus ſaith that the mary of a lāme melted with nutte oyle and ſuger mengid togeder & diſtilled in a ſtilletory named an El / dren tree / and than dronken breketh the ſtone in the bladder / and it is gode for them that haue payne in their yarde coddes / and kidneys / & alſo for them tha piſſe blode. ¶Nota the gall of a lāme enoynted vpon a cācred ſore / helpeth expreſly. ¶Alſo he that wyl helpe morayn amonge ſhepe / take vētremariets / and ſethe that with wyne and me [...]ge it with water and put that in the drynke of the ſhepe / and they ſhall therwith ſone be holpen.

¶Of the Rāme or weddr Ca. iijo.

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YSydorus ſayth that the rāme or wedder is the lodyſman of other ſhepe / and he is the male or man of the oye and is ſtronger than the other ſhepe / & he is alſo called a wedder becauſe of a worme that he hath in his hede / & whan that begīneth for to ſtirre than wyll he tucke and feght / and he fereth naturally the thonder as other ſhepe dothe. For whan a ſhepe is with frute hering the thonder ſhe caſteth her frute and bryngeth it dede to the worlde. and the wedder in the tyme that he be ſpryngeth the oye than is it in the tyme of loue amonge the ſhepe / and the Rāme or wedder wyl feght boldly for theyr wyues one with another.

¶yſaac ſayth that ye weder / ye bucke / & other ſuche lyke beſtes haue eche by thēſelfe an indifferēt foūd of their voyce in callynge of their wyues in ye ty / me of engendrīge & loue / & they yt drynke than ſalte water / thei be wackened or ſtyred to engendrynge ſoner than other be before their tyme comynge. & whan ye olde wethers begyn to engē der before ye yonge wethers / & that the yonge kepe their due tyme yt is a good ſigne in that yere / but whā the yonge begynne before the olde that is a tokē of tocomȳge morayne or dethe amonge the ſhepe

Eſculapius ſaith. Whan an oliphant ſeeth a ramme or wether / he is therof afrayde and gothe from hym

The Operacion.

[Page]¶The fleſſhe of a yōge wether that is gelded is moch better than any other motton / for it is nat ſo moyſte as other motton and it is hoter and whan it diſgeſteth well it maketh gode blode / but the fleſſh of an oled rāme wyl nat lightely diſgeſt & that is very euyll.

¶Auicēna ſaith that rāmes fleſſh burned & brayed to powder & ſtrewed vpō the drye lepory named morpheus is gode / & for the bytynge of a ſerpent or ſcorpion / & mengyd wt wyne it is gode for the bytinge of a madde dogge. The longes of a wether is gode to hele the ſkyn that is broken on the hele whan it is layde therto. ¶Eſcul [...]pius ſaith the longes ſoden in a potte / whan they be ynough in the drawynge out of the potte / that yt droppeth of the longues he [...]eth the ter [...]ian / & payne in the kydnees. ¶Haly ſaith the gall of the wether is gode for the paynes in the eres that cōmeth of colde.

¶Of the bore. ca. iiij.

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THe Bore is an angry and an on tame beſte & is very curſt whan he companyeth with the ſowe / for the wylde bores whan they accōpany thē with theyr females than be they euer redy for to fight / and they make their ſkinnes harde / for they rōne to rubbe theȳ againſt the trees and than to lay in foule dirt and myre the which they late drye on them & that maketh their ſkinnes very harde / and bothe the bores be moche lyke of cōdicions / & whan they mete comonly they wyll feght yf they be in cōpany of theyr females / ſo longe tyl that the one or bothe of them be ſlayne / and the wylde bore is comō ly blake and he ſtiketh with his longe croked tethe as harde and ſharpe as it were yron. And if the bore be hu [...]ted on the morninge or he haue piſſed / thā is he lightely wery / but if he haue pyſſed or he be hūted or whyle he is on hū tinge / than wyll he nat lightely be ta / ken. Alſo thoughe he be wery he wyll nat lightely yelde hym but ſetteth hȳ on his hinder loynes to defende him agaynſt the hūter / but he ſhal nat come be the hunter to hurte hym nor to byte hym tyll he be firſt wounded himſelfe of the hunter / and without the hunter geue hym a dethes wounde / without doubt he wyll put the hunter in ieoꝑdye of his lyfe except he be nigh to a tre that he may clȳme vpon for his ſocour The bore hereth better on the right ſyde than any beſte.

The Operacion.

[Page]¶Plinius ſaith the bores blode & braines alſo is gode for the bits of ye ſerpentes / the lyuer dryed & mengyd with rewe dronke with wyne that is gode for the nivenemīge of ſerpētis His brain with the blode of his coddes is gode to be layd to carbūcle ſore / in the liuer of the ſowe be lytell ſmale ſtones that be gode to be brayde aſonder & donke for the grauell & the ſtone / ete the lightes of the bore & it ſhall put from ye al dron benes / his gall mēgyd with roſen & ceruſe heleth the crepinge ſores or byles the aſſhes of his iawes heleth all crepinge ſores His bladder with piſſe & al hanged in ye ſmoke & dryed & that putt in mete & ſo taken heleth ye ſtone in the bladder & taketh away the totōminge payne alſo a lytell of the bladder or vryne mengyd in drinke is very medecynable for the dropecy / his dirte tempered in warme wyne is gode for the flixe / his yarde ſoupleth / warmeth / & purifietythe līmes that be ſtifened of colde or werynes / the dirte that is warme and freſſhe is very medecinable to ſtaunche the blode at the noſe.

¶Of the aſſe. ca. v.

THe aſſe is a rude dull beſte & of lytel underſtāding / onclne & ſlouthfull / & he hathe a croſſe vpon his backe & there is he wekeſt / but on his hinder partes he is ſtronge / he hathe a great hede and longe eares & he loueth thiſtellis better than any other mete but he hath a lothly crye / and thoug he haue gone a waye oftentymes yet he cā nat fynde it agayn / nor he wyll nat exchewe the way for nothinge that meteth

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hym / and he engendreth with his female whan he is .xxx. moneths olde She bereth her yonges a hole yere. & the aſſe is colde of nature / and he can abyde no colde / Therfore be nat the Aſſes caſt in no colde londes or contrees. The aſſe is very ſone afrayde / and he hathe no gall / and he eteth graſſe and other erbes of the groūde / and the more water that he drīketh the better fode hathe he of his mete / the a [...]the oftentymes a diſeaſe named [...] / & moche ordour rōneth out of his [...] / & it fell on his lightes he ſhold dye of it.

¶The Operacyon.

¶Auicenna ſaith the Aſſe hathe grete vertue for they that ſitte in the water that the aſſe is ſoden in / it heleth them of lepry the crampe or drye ſhrōked ſenewes / & the fleſſh is gode for thē to be eten / the leuer roſted & etyn in the mornynge faſtinge is gode for the pulētis his fleſſhe li [...]er or houe brēt to aſſhes [Page] & men gyd with oyle is gode for the diſeaſe named ſcrofulas / the vryne of the aſſe is gode for ye payne in the kydnes Galienus ſaithe the vryne of a wylde aſſe is gode for the ſtone in the coddes / and it helpeth alſo meruelouſly well the ronnynge or crepynge ſore / The mylke of an aſſe is gode for the drying coghe and alſo for theim that ſpette or ſpewe blode / the mylte of an aſſe brayed with clene water and layde vnto a womans breſt draweth the mylke vnto it outwardes / the mylke of an aſſe dothe ſwage the great ſtyffe belyes / & alſo mylke of a aſſe taken in the mouthe of one that hathe weke gōmes and tethe dothe ſtrengthen them very wel the lyuer of a tame aſſe eten / is gode for the epulentis whiche is the falling ſekenes / the dounge of the aſſe is very medecinable to ſtaunche the blode at the vaynes or of any other woundes the water of the donge dropped in the noſe thrilles / ſtaūcheth the blode there ¶Plinius ſaith that if a rynge be made of the houe or of the bone of ye aſſes legge where as no blacke is on & that p [...] [...] on the finger of one that hath th [...] [...]ge ſekenes / they ſhall be preſerued and nat fall / Make a ſmoke of longues of an aſſe in a houſe & though there were neuer ſo many ſerpentis adders or ſnakes or other venymous crepinge beſtes / they ſholde flee as faſt as they coude from that place.

¶Of the Achame. ca. vi.

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AChame is a beſte as grete as an hert / and contrary the nature of all other beſtes he hathe his gall in his eare / and it is a curſed angry beſte.

¶Alches is a beſte that is in the foreſt of Hircinia and is very moche lyke a gote / but it is ſomwhat bygger and it hathe croked iagged hornes / and they haue no ioyntes in theyr legges as other beſtes haue / and whan the hūterſ wyll haue that beſte they folowe him be the fote ſtepe to knowe where he reſteth be night / for he ſtandeth and ſlepeth agaynſt a tre / and they lowſe the tre be the rote and ſo dygge it vp or ellis they ſawe it a ſonder / for he ſlepeth faſt and leneth ſore againſte the trees wherwith he is oftentymes deceyued and falleth to the grounde / and ſo they take hym or ellis they ſholde neuer take him for he is to dangerous to come by / and he is to ſwyft in cōnynge / but whan he is downe he can nat ryle.

¶Of the anabula. ca. vij.

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ANabula is a beſte in Ethiope & it hath a necke lyke a man & fete lyke a horſe / legged lyke an oxe / heded lyke a kamell / & hath a goodly ſhinynge ſkyn mixed wt whyte ſpottes the whiche conforteth the ſight / & it is right d [...] re ſolde. Aptalos is another beſte lyke a litell gote very ſtinkinge & no mā may come nigh hym / & his hornes be ſharpe & croked lyke a ſicle & [...]aged like a ſawe / & whan this beſte hath thurſt he gothe to the ryuer of Eufrates and whan it hath dronke than it goth to a felde where as moche broſſhe & bramles be & ther he playeth & waloweth ſo long that he i [...] that bruſſhe is warred ſo that he can nat aryſe / & than he geueth a lowde crye / and the hunters he rynge him come incontynent and kyl him / & his hornes be ſo ſharpe & ſtrōge that he ouerthroweth therwith grete trees to the grounde. Aucinor is a beſte lyke a yonge graihoūde and hathe better vndeſtādinge whan it is yonge than whan it is olde.

¶Of afferatos. ca. viij.

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AFferatos be ſpringynge and flyenge lytell ſerpentes that hyde them in the trees / and whan ther commeth any bodye be thoſe trees on the wayes / than they flye out with theyr venymous ſtinges and they be red of coloure & they be ſo meruelouſly hote of nature that whoſoeuer be hurte wt them muſt nedis dye / for the bytt is ſo venymous that it rōneth thorugh all the body & the cure of it is like as of the ſerpentt vipera. Affudius and Sabryne be ij. gray ſerpētis and blacke vnd their hede wt white ſpottes / & they [Page] haue a ſlouthfull paſe / and their hole yt they byde in is blacke of their / fowle venym / of their bitt or ſtinge is on tempered all a mans body / for of all ye places of the body ye blode ſpryngeth out the bely ſweleth / the brethe ſhorteneth ye ſpeche fayleth / ye lymes retcheth out & ſtyffeneth / the memory or onderſtandynge is loſt / the tethe fall out / & the ꝑſone dyeth And this ſerpentis cure is lyke the cura of the vipera.

Of the Amphibena Ca. ix

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AMphibena is a ſerpent yt hath a hede a bouen and another at the tayle / and it goeth wt bothe the he / des togyger / and his body tourned & woūde lyke a cable / and it taketh gret though for her eggis for alway whā the one hede ſlepith ye other wakeneth ¶Armena is a ſerpent / and his operacyon is moche lyke to the baſiliſcus For this ſerpēt kylleth nat only with his bytt or ſtynge but alſo wt his ſight and eke with his baſt or blowyng [...] for whoſo hereth this ſerpēt blowe muſt nedys dye / and whate beſte that he cometh by can lyue no lenger and it is about ye length of .iij. quarters of a yarde / & for this ſtronge venyn is no cure nor helpe / but ſome ſay that there is helpe therto that ſhold be wt popy ſede and caſtoreū / that is the ſtoues of a beuer. et [...]et.

Of Aſpis. Ca. x.

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THe Aſpis is a venymous beſt or ſerpēt / the whiche kyleth a man at the fyrſt bit / and it is ſomwhat laſſe than the ſerpent vipera And there be many maner of Aſpis / as Dypſa / Ypnalis Preſter / & Seps. Aſpis is a grene ſerpent and hathe very longe tethe lyke a bore / & this ſerpētis abydynge is in drye places where as there commeth no water /

[Page]¶ [...] who ſo is bitten of this ſerpēt aſpis chaūge thier colours & war defe & haue gret colde / their hed ſwelleth & thir iyen ſwell & thei waxe very ſlepy & to the venymoꝰ bitte or ſtinge of this ſerpēt is no remedi but make a plaſter of lyme hony / & oyie. It is often taken with enchantemētis or ſorcerye & thorugh the ſtrength of this enchantmēt he is ſone wa [...]e of it / & layeth his one [...]er to the grounde & ſtoppeth the other with his tayle / & he is ſore deſired for a precious ſtone that is in his hede / and thrugh thenchantement this ſerpent is obedient vnto man / & without any bytinge or venym caſtinge they be taken and entreated as a man lyſt with out any payne.

¶ [...]. ca. xi.

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THe ſpȳner or ſpyder is ſo named becauſe it ſpinneth a gret dele of wel [...]e or threde / & it worketh alway / & whan it hathe all done with a blaſt of wynde it tereth aſonder and all the labour is loſt that it hath do / & the ſpider hathe many fete at the leſte vi. or viij. & it ſitteh ī the myddes of the webbe redy to take ſuche flyes & vermyn as cometh in it / & their moiſtour they ſucke & therby they loue / whan they engender the female lieth vnder with her bely vpward / & they lay egges & of thoſe egges come yonge ſpynners the whiche ſpynne incontinent.

The operacion.

¶Pliniꝰ with Diaſcorides teſtefieth that the whyte and pure webbe is very ſouerayne to many thynges / & ſpecially to be layde to a freſſhe wounde for it ſtauncheth the blode / it kepeth it from ſwellyng / frome filynge / & it conforteth the wounde.

¶Plinius for the kinge o [...] [...] of the ſpinner is gode the brayne of a capon wt a lytell peper drōke in ſwete wyne Alſo the talowe of a lāme is gode to be dronke with ſwete wyne for the bitte of the ſpynner. Alſo flyes brayd in pe / ces & layde to the bitte of the ſpynner ſwageth the payne and draweth oute all the venym.

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Of the Oyſter baer. ca. xij

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BAer is a maner of an oyſter named in latin vngula aromatica and it is of the oyſters that the pur / pre and ſilke is died wyth / and they be founde in the londe of ynde / in the water that ſpicanardus groweth in / and this oyſter hath a ſwete ſmeell becauſe he etteth of that ſwete ſpyce ſpicanardus / and they betake in the ſomer ſeaſō whā ye wat is ſomwhat gone / & they befounde in theyr ſhellys wher as they hyde them in.

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Of the bonnacon. ca. xiij.

BOnnacon is a beſte / and bred in the londe of frigia and hath a hede lyke a bull / and a hangynge mane like a hors / & it hath on the hede ſo croked hornes that it can with them do no harme & his here is lyke woll & of colour redde / & it is legged lyke an oxe & hath a ſwete fleſſhe for to eat / and therfore he is oftentymes chaſed & hū ted. & whan the hunters come nyghe hym thā caſteth he vpō them his dirt or donge well .iiij. ſteppes from hym. and what ſo euer it light vpon yt burneth / and they be moche lyke a wilde howe / and whan the female hath yonge than a great many of theſe beſtes gader togyder & make ſo moch donge that it ſemeth a wall wherin ſhe is cloſed and there ſhe layeth very warme.

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Of the oxce. ca. xiiij.

THe oxce is a cōpanable beſte & amonge his cōpani he is very meke / & alwaye he ſeketh his felowe that was wont to go in the plowghe wyth hym / and whan he fyndeth nat his felow / than cryeth he wyth a lowde voyce makyng gret mone / as it were one yt wolde make a mourninge cōplaynt A bull lyueth .xv· yere. and a oxce .xx. yere ¶Iſaac ſayth that an oxce fleſſh [Page] is the dryeſt fleſſhe amonge all other / & his blode is nat holſom to be eten for it wyll nat lightly diſieſte▪ & therfore it fedeth ſore & it maketh euyll hūoures & bredeth melācoly / & they melancolicus that eat moche ſuche metes be like to ſuffer many diſeaſes as to gete an harde mylte / the febris quartayn the dropcy / mangines / lepry. &c̄. Oꝑatio ¶The gal of an oxe with Nitro & Ethimolea mēgyd togeder & therwith the hede waſſhed deſtroyeth the wormes in ye here. Diaſcorides ſaith / ye mylke of the kowe heleth the freſſhe woūdes in the mouthe. The donge or dirt of ye oxe is gode to be layde vpon the ſtinge of a bee or waſpe. The ſepiū of an oxe wt goſe greſe & pith of Ochimi / heleth the cliftes in the lyps or on the mouth the mary of an oxe right legge before brayed & mengyd with his blode / deſtoryeth the euyl heres on the browes & we lyddes. The gall of an oxe with ye ſtale of a gote or bucke / heleth them yt here euyll. Powder of the oxe anclow brēt and rubbed on the tethe maketh thē faſt that ſholde fall out with payn The mylt of the oxe medled with hony is good for the mylt. Nota the mylke of a kowe is good for an impoſtumed mawe / the mangye or ſcabbed hādes ſhalbe heled with freſſhe oxe blode / for that dryeth lightely / & the next daye it muſt be waſſhed af with lye. The oxe gall ī a mānes eare with a ſilken cloth heleth the pypynge & rynginge in the eare / The oxe downge or dyrte layde vpon a rude impoſtume or byle / cauſeth it to breke. Oxe downge brent to aſſhes & that blowen in the noſe ſtaū cheth the blode. Alſo theſame aſſhes tē pered with butt & made plaſterwyſe and ſo layde to the beh [...] excedith many other medecynes for the dropſy. The lyuer of the oxe brēt to powder & that dronken wtale / bier / or wyne / is gode for the flixe or flode of the blode. The oxe bones brēt to aſſhes & that rubbed vpon the tethe that be weyke maketh them to ſtande faſt.

¶Of the bombex. ca. xv.

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BOmbex is a worme that ſpȳnes ſylke & the firſt ſubſtance that ſylke cōmeth of & it is fed with the leues of mourbery trees & whan it hath begon to worke than wyll it ete nomore it taketh ſo great pleſure in working. And it maketh yelow woll or ſilke / the which becōmeth whyte with waſſhīg & thāne it taketh what colour ſo euer a man wyl. & whan this worme hath all wrought than reſteth hym & that muſt be kept all the wynter / tyll that the wedder be warme agayne / thāne [Page] muſt they be holden betwene ſome bodyes handes or nygh their bodyes in their boſomes tyll that the nature of thoſe ſedes chaungeth.

¶The operacyon.

¶The ſylke brent to aſſhes / & ſtrewed vpon a fowle roten woūde is very medecynable. Alſo the ſame ſylke brent with ſalt / is gode to rubbe foule tethe.

¶Of borax. ca. xvi.

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BOrax is a maner of a tode that hathe a ſtone in his hede / & whan this ſtone is goten out the whyle that the tode dothe lyue / than hathe the ſtone in hymſelfe a fygure of an iye / but if it be taken out whan the tode is ded than hathe the venym taken awaye that iye and enpayred the ſtone This tode / whan that it is ſtered or meued thāne ſwelleth it of his owne venym or poyſon. And they feght againſt the ſpyders and the tode is ouercomen of the ſpyder becauſe the ſpider ſtingeth hym alway and that he can nat gete the ſpyder / he ſw [...]lleth for anger that he burſteth / and the byt of this tode is ſo venymous that it is nat lightely to be holpen or cured and with rewe thei be ſlayn / & they may nat ſe the brightnes of the ſon̄e / & be night they couyte to be in the fote wayes or pathes / and where the people trede. alſo thei may nat ſmell the bloſſom of ye vynes ſomtyme they be a cubyte of lēgth / of theſe be many in ſpayne.

¶Of the tode. ca. xvij.

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THe tode is a poyſon worme or [...] myn & is be kowen of euery man and of a fowle worme it is one of the moſte coldeſt / and it hathe his harte in his throte / therfor it can nat lightly be kylled except it be thruſt in the throte / And ſome ſaye that they be bred of the fowle humours of therthe / ye tode hath a poyſon peſtilent ſyght and defynge and he eteth erthe be meſure & weght [Page] foraſmoche as the tode may take in .i of his fore fete / that is his mete all that day / the tode fereth that the erth ſhall fayle hym / & therfore ouer night he taketh his pawe or fore full becauſe yt he ſholde nat myſſe to haue erth ynough for to ete the next daye. Sotyme they feght wt ſpyders and other ſerpentis & if he be bitten of any other venymoꝰ ſerpētis than eteth he an erbe named plātago or plantayn and therwith he helith him ſelfe / & he eteth gladly ſage but the roote of it is his dethe. A tode ſtone found in the hede of the tode and borne about a naturall creature / ſubdueth many venymes and poyſons. A tode brent to aſſhes and thoſe aſſhes abydinge vpon the grounde / of thoſe aſſhes engendereth very many yong and quicke [...]obes.

¶Of the buffell. ca. xxviij.

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A Bufell is a beſte moche lyke an oxe / but he is greter & hyer than an oxe & hathe blacke here and croked hornes / a longe necke / a grete hede / & lenelȳmes / with a ſmalle tayle & hū ble to loke on / but whan he is made angry than dothe he grete ſcathe / & he is very profitable vnto man and dothe gret laboure / and he wyll nat be ledde without a rynge thrugh his noſe / and ſtrynges tyed to the ſame to lede hym with and ſo ye ſhall haue hym where ye lyſt. Alſo the Buffell wyll haue no gretter charge or burdē than he may well bere / for yf he be ouerladē he wyl fall to the grounde & for betīges or ſtrokes he wyll nat ryſe tyll that he be on loden or diſcharged.

The operacion.

¶Plinius ſaith the blode of a Buffell wyll nat be thycke.

¶Haly ſaith / the vryne of the Buffell mengyd with myrre or oyle is medecinable for the defnes that cōmeth of coldenes. The dirt or donge of the buffell layde vpon a woūde ſwageth the ſwellynge / and it is gode to be layde vpon the payne of ſciatica named the goute from the lyppes dounwarde. ¶Alſo a plaſter made therof ſoupleth & pourgeth the harde moder.

¶Of the zubro. Cap. xix. [Page]

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ZVbro is of the maner of a wylde bull & is very ſtronge of xv. cubytes of length / & he is very ſwyft as it apereth be him / for the dounge that he purgeth from behynde he receiueth it agayn vpon his hornes / and with his dounge he blyndeth the houndes that chace him and maketh them ſo wery and ſeke that they be neuer gode after & his here is browne & almoſte blacke and hathe out of meſure gret hornes thre cubitus brode or more / and in the contre that they be in / the ryche peple make ſomtyme veſſellys of theſe hornes to be ſerued with at their table / & what ſo euer mete hym whether it be man or hoūde he ouerthroweth them and taketh theim vp vpon his hornes & toſſeth them vnto deth / & theſe beſtis be moſte in the londe of bohemya.

¶Of the bupreſtis Ca. xx.

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BVpreſtis is a lytell worme moch in the londe of Italy haūtinge in paſtures wher as kyne graſe & what kowe or oxe that eteth of him as ſone as he cōmeth at the gall their guttes & belly breſtith a ſonder.

¶Of blata. Cap. xxi.

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BLata prouideth hym be night becauſe he may ſe no light & deſtroieth the bees / & he ſtaineth any mānes handes that taketh him vp. Bibiois alſo a lytell flye that groweth or is engendred of new wyne.

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¶Of the gote. ca. xxij.

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THe gote is a [...] with a [...] it hathe longe ſharphornes / and it eteth the lytel branches and barkes of trees and they do gret ſcathe to the trees / & they paſture gladly on hye hylles or moūtaynes & in lowe valayes / & whan they ete or licke any honey thei dye therof / & of venymous herbes it leueth / whan it hathe yonges or eteth any ſalte than ſhall it haue mylke plenteouſly / the gote be daye light cannat well ſe / but towardes night it ſeeth vere ſharpe.

¶The operacyon.

Eſculapius ſayth / that the brayne of the gote mynged with hony heleth the carbūcle in the bely / the here brent taketh away all flodes of blode cōminge of the moder / the hornes brent & made whyte / ſwageth the paynes of the gō mes. ¶Auicēna ſaith a gotes gal with the iueſt of garleke / is gode to be layde to a fiſtule / theſame is alſo a gode medecine to be layde to a ſwollen wonde The blode dreſſyd with the mary and that etyn / is gode for a dedely poyſon / and it is gode alſo for the dropſy / and diſcentericis.

¶Of the ſtone bucke. ca. xx.iij.

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THe ſtone Bucke is a beſte lyke a buck / & it is a wyld gote & it hath ſmall hornes / & it dwelleth in hye moū taines / & it ſeeth very ſharpe and very farre / & whan it ſeeth any body come nigh hȳ / than it caſteth hȳ ſelfe downe from the hyl & falleth vpon his hornes withouten harme / & ſuche be many in the ylonde of Crete / & if it fele hymſelf hurte with any arowe or quarell of ye hūters / thā ſeketh it an herbe named Pulegiū. & therof it eteth / & as ſone as it hathe eten therof the arowe or quarell fleeth out of it agayne / and it wyll nat lightly be taken / for it is to quicke in ronnynge and lepinge.

The operacion.

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¶The wylde gootes dirt dronke with wyne heleth the yelo we iawnes / yf it be dronken with ſpicus nardus it for bedeth & ſubdueth the womēs cōmon ſekenes or diſeas. the ſame dyrt with vineger dronken is very gode for all other rōnynges & flodes of blode. The dirt brent and brayed with vyneger & oximel / feſteneth the here that falleth out. the dirt mengid with Exangium heleth the Podagra or rōnynge payn in the fote.

Of the dogge. ca. xxiiij.

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THe dogge is an unclenly beſte yt eteth ſo moche that he vomyteth it out & eteth it vp agayn [...] / it is lightly angry and byteth gladly ſtraūge dogges / he barketh moche / he [...] his [...] name well / he is hered [...] & a ſlonth [...] dy he loueth his maſt ſoſte vnder his f [...] [...] right ſore [...] lerned to many games / & be night he kepeth the houſe. Ther be many hoū des yt for the loue of theyr maiſter they wyll rōne in their owne deth & whan the dogge is ſeke / he ſeketh graſſe or other erbes / & that he eteth and heleth himſelfe ſo / and there be many maner of dogges or hoūdes to hawke & hunt as grayhoūdes / braches ſpanyellis or ſuche other to hunt hert and hynde / & other beſtes of chace & venery. &c. and ſuche be named gentyll hoūdes. The birthe hath mylke .v. or vij. dayes or the litter her whelpes / and that milke is thicker thā any other mylke except ſwynes mylke or hares mylke.

¶The operacyon.

¶Euſculapius ſaith that dogges blode dronken is gode for them that trimble or quake as they do that haue the palſey. the hede brent to powder and dronken heleth the bytt of the dogges to the. the aſſhes of the hede heleth the tethe & gōmes. the harte of the dogge dronken with wyne forbedeth the barkynge of other dogges. The gall with hony is gode for the iyen / The mylke dronke cauſeth the here to growe / the mylke drōke with wyne or honey cauſethe the moder to be delyuered of her dede frute or chyld. ¶Galienus ſaith that doggis blode rubbed on the place where as the here is drawen out / cauſeth it to growe nomore / And the mylke of the firſt lytter cauſeth no here at all to growe / And howndes dyrt gadered in the howndes dayes and dryed dronken with wyne dothe ſtop ye flixe. [Page] Pliniꝰ ſayth yt doggis bloede is good for the empoyſonynge & no thyng better. Hoūdes grece clenſeth the hede of the nyttes. The gall ſtreked wt a feder is good for the podagre in ye fote The ſkynne is very good for gloues to be made of for they eaſe the ſight. The dogge heleth woundes with his tounge for he lyketh thē / whan he can nat reche the wounde wyth his tonge than he lycketh his fote & tappeth the moyſtour vpon the woūde or ſore / for it is very medecynable. Auicēna ſaith that whey maketh a dogge very fatte and fedeth hym wel / & whan he wyll ſlepe he tourneth hym often tymes aboute or he laye downe.

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Of the Catte ca. xxv.

THe catte is a beſte yt ſeeth ſharpe and ſhe byteth ſore / and ſcratcheth right perylouſly / & is principall ennemye to rattis & myce / & her colour is of nature graye / and the cauſe yt they be other wyſe colowred that cōmethe through chaunge of mete as it is well marked by the houſe catte for they be ſelden colored lyke the wylde tatte. & their fleſſhe is bothe neſſhe & ſoſfte

The Operacyon..

Auicēna ſaith. the bytinge of a a catte is to be holpen wt a plaſter of ſepe Raſi ſayth the wylde catte ronneth a way from the ſmell of Rewe. Hali ſayeth. That cattes fleſſhe is warme and drye and warmeth the kydney & eſeth the payne in the backe Eſculapius ſayth. that cattes dyrt wt moſtarde ſede or ſinapij and vynegre heleth alopiciam / that is the fallyng out of here

Cathapleta is lyke a lytell yong wylde catte / and hath a greate hede al way hangynge downe / & hath the ſame power that the baſiliſtꝰ hathe / for who ſo loketh on his iyen muſt nedys dye incōtinent / and they brede by the water of Tigris & is one of ye waters yt cometh from paradys tereſtre

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[Page] ¶Of Caccus. Ca. xxvi.

CAccus is a monſter in the londe of Archade that bloweth wt his brethe fyry flambes out of his mouth and hathe breſtelis ſpecyally whan it is angry euyn lyke a bore / This monſter bydeth in great cauis by ye ryuere of Tyber / and whā there paſture any oxen or kyne or other beſtes nere by hym he pulleth them to the grownde and ſlepeth them wyth in his caue or dēne / and within his body his brethe is warme as other beſtis becauſe it goeth through many places of his body.

Of the kamell. Cap. xxvij.

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THe Kamell is a lothly beſte / and hathe an hyllocke vpō his backe & he hath a longe necke & a ſlouth full pace / and he is veri ſoſte vnder his fote whyche greueth hym right ſore whā he gothe on an harde waye / and whā he ſhalbe loden he muſt beknocked on his legs & than he kneleth to be lodē or ellis he ſhold be to hy / & whan he is angry he gryndeth his tethe merue / louſly / it leuith an hondred yere & it eteth gladly barly & drinketh troubled water / and it may endure thurſt four dayes & than it drinketh very moche. But the dromodary is another beſte lyke the Kamell and it hathe two hyl lockes vpon his backe like a ſadel and is very ſwyft in rōnynge.

The kamell hathe his yarde of gene / racion hanginge out behynde hym / & therfore it egendreth with his female cōtrary to all other beſtes and turned tayle to tayle and byde ſo faſtened all the holedaye / and though the kamell be [...]nclenly and fowle in his workes / yet he is very clen [...]y towardes his dame as it hathe ben proued in a great lordes court that there was ones a kamell diſpoſed to the workes of nature & to her was brought one of her owne yonges and her hede was wonde in a cloute becauſe that her yonge ſholde nat knowe her / Thus engenderynge nat knowynge eche other they were left togeder tyll their tyme was fulfilled and the daye paſt / than was the fe / males hede onbownde and the yong ſeinge that he had engenderyd with his dāme / he dyd make grete heuines & mourninge maners as one beinge ſore aſhamed of the dede & bote of his yarde or member & ſo ſlewe hymſelfe whiche to vs is a grete enſample.

¶The Operacion.

[Page]¶Kamellis fleſſhe cauſeth them that eteth it to make moche water / the braines dryed & dronken with vinegre helpeth them that haue the fallynge ſekenes / theſame ſtācheth blode alſo. The vryne of a kamell helpeth the dropeſy & ſpecyally the ſtinkinge noſethrillys Whyte kamellis dirte brayed with hony heleth al maner of ſwellinges / & it purifieth the woundes of al maner of dede fleſſhe.

¶Of the cameleon. ca. xxviij

CAmeleon is a beſte yt is very fer / full bothe of mā & all other beſtis & therfor his ſkȳn is of diuers colours & what colours yt it ſeeth / therof it get / teth coloure lightely / & that cōmeth becauſe he hathe lytell blodes he is very lene / & many of theſe be in the londe of Aſya / And it is clawed lyke a byrde & nat lyke all other beſtis.

Of the Camelopardus. Ca. xxix.

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CAmelopardus is a beſte legged & foted lyke an oxe / necked lyke an horſe and heded lyke a kamell / it hath a red ſhinynge coloured ſkynne with whyte ſpottes therin & they be moche in Ethyope / & it is as meke as a lāme.

¶Of Capriolus. ca. xxx.

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CApriolus is in maner lyke a gote in the londe of ynde & thei ben ſo ſwifte of rōnynge that they can nat be taken / but ſomtyme it is ſhot & whan it is hurt than it eteth hertis pulegiū and heleth himſelfe for therwith the arowe falleth out agayne. ¶In ye moū taynes of ynde be gotes yt ete wel ſmellynge erbis & aromatick ſpices & they haue lytel holes betwene their clawes wherī they gader a maer of moiſtnes & that ouer groweth wt a lytell ſkynne & than it becometh a maner of a byle / & ſo it rypeneth & than it itchet ſo ſore yt he rubbeth it tyll it falleth of / & that is counted for muſke & of great valure.

¶Of the beuer. ca. xxxi.

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THe beuer is a beſte longe & ſmal lyke a dogge & hathe ſharpe teth & a goodly ſkīne / the blacker the richer his tayle may nat be longe out of the water / for it is of natur like a fiſſhe / in ſom places criſtē peple ete it in ye lente it is fat & nere a cubyte of lengthe / his hynder fete be lyke ye fete of a goſe / therfor his nature is to be with his hynd fete in ye water & his fore fet on ye londe ¶The wyſe maiſters wryte yt the Beuers gether them togeder in a gret cō pany & go to the foreſt & hewe downe moche wode with their tethe & than amonge them they choſe out one & caſt him on his backe & betwene his foure fete they lay aſmoche wode as they cā drawe with him away / & of this wode they bylde their holes or dennes very ſtrongly / & this wrōge they do to none but to them that for age haue ſo blont tethe that they can hewe no wode / or ellis to one that is of late come ſtraūgely to their company / and of him they make their carte / the hūters that hunt them knowe them wel that haue drawen the carte / for they haue but lytell here an their backe / & therfore they let them go oftentymes agayne / and of ye trees that they hewe they ete the barkes and leues / and the ſourer they be the leuer they ete them. Whan the hū ters foloweth them ſore / thā they byte of their ſtones & than the hūter taketh vp thoſe ſtones & kepeth them worthely for they be of grete vertue / & than ye hunter taketh the laſſe regarde of thē If there come another hunter that foloweth him ſharply / than wyl he ryſe on his hynder fete ſhewynge that his ſtones be gone all redy / & ſo he eſcapes their daungeour.

¶The Operacion.

¶The ſtones of a Beuer hanged in a darke place & dryed / is gode for many medecines / & that is named Caſtoriū gode caſtoriū that is nat falſed hath a meruelous ſharpe ſauour & it is ſenewed throughout / & it dureth in vertue vi. yere / but whan it is freſſhe than is it beſt / and it muſt be pylled & the ſkīne caſt awaye whan it ſhalbe occupyed / & it conforteth ſore the ſenewed lȳmes. Caſtoriū with the iuſte of rewe taken in drinke is good for the epulentis & other paines in the hede / for the rōning goute in all the partyes of ones body is the decoccion of coſtoriū gode tempered with wyne / with rewe & ſage. Caſtoriū cauſeth the womens flode and ye chylde to iſſewe from the moder and ye ſecondina of the moder alſo. The gall of the Beuer is gode for many thīges The coagulum withdriueh the fallīg ſekenes.

¶Of the Chama. ca. xxxij.

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CHama is lyke a wolfe / But it is full of whyte ſpottes ouer all his body / & it is in Ethyope / he is vnderſtā ded moche lyke a dogge / & lyke a dogge may be lerned to all maner of games.

¶Of the beſte calopus. ca. xxxiij.

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CAlapus is a beſte moch haūting about the water of Eufrates becauſe of the coldnes of that water that it therof may drinke alwaye whan it is thurſty / & it is bolde and alſo ſwyfte in rōnynge that the hūters can nat take him with no hoūdes / & it hath longe hornes carued lyke a ſawe wherwith it ſtriketh great trees downe to ye groū de / & than cōmeth he amōge the tough grene buſſhes & thinketh to ſtryke thē alſo with his hornes to the grounde / but therin he is warred ſo that he can nouther out nor in but bydeth therin hāginge / & whan he feleth that he can nat out / for very pure anger he gryndeth his tethe togeder wt ſo grete force that he is herde very farre of / and thei that here him come & take hym / there or ellis they ſholde nat take him lightely for no maner of wayes.

¶Of the herte. ca. xxxiiij.

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[Page]THe hert is a beſte right ſwyft in rōninge / it hathe longe ſharpe tyned hornes / his hornes growe from .ij yere to vi. but than there growe no more tyndes on his hornes / but they wexe bygger and fall out / in his hede he hath a worme that vexeth hī dayly The hert reioyſeth in pypīge and ſynginge / and foloweth gladly the noyſe therof / the whiche oftentimes coſteth him his lyfe / & he fereth ſore the ſonge of the frogge / and whāne ſhe wyll caſt her faune ſhe ſeketh a very ſecrete place for drede of the hunters. ¶Nota the hert feghteth gladly ayenſt them that folowe or chace him / but if he be ouer come / he mekeneth hym lowly to his perſecutour and it leueth longe.

¶The Operacion.

¶Phiſiologus ſayth the teares of the hert and the bones in his hart mēgyd togeder and put in drinke is gode for the harte betinge In the left ſide of the hert is a bone that is ſomwhat holow and it is palered and it hathe power to purifye the fume of melancoly / it is gode alſo for the daſinge in the hede / he that is clothed in an hertis ſkynne fereth no ſerpēt / the vryne of the hert is gode to be dronke for the paynes in the mylte / and it is gode for the winde in the ſtomacke / and it is gode for dyuers paynes in the eares. ¶Auicēna the vttermoſte parte of ye hertis tayle is venim and they that ete it or take it in drinke gete a daſynge in their hede and ſo die. The aſſhes of the hertis horne tempered with vyneger eaſeth the payne in the hede if it be layde therto. thoſe aſſhes be gode alſo to be rubbed on tethe yt be weke for it maketh them faſt and eſeth the payne / to the ſame is ſcraped hertis horne gode / & ſpecyally the right horne / and therfore the hert hydeth it as nigh as he can in ſom priue corner as Plinius teſtefieth.

¶Of the beſte zelio. ca. xxxv.

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ZElio is a beſte as grete as a wolfe and it is mortall enemy bothe to man and beſte for it woroweth al that it cōmeth by / & it foloweth bothe man and beſte be the ſounde of their voyce it barketh lyke a dogge / wherwith it deceiueth many one and it ouercommeth all maner of dogges / and it commeth of the beſte Hyena and the Ape / and it abydeth gladly in places wheras people be buryed / And it eteth the cadauers or wormes.

¶Of the ſerpent cecula. ca. xxxvi.

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[Page]

CEcula is a lytell blynde ſerpent / and Celydros is a ſerpent yt abydeth in watery groūde & gothe alway vpright for [...] bowed it ſholde [...] and Chenchris is a ſuche lyke ſerpent that may nother bowe nor turne but goeth alway ſtreght forthe.

¶Of the ſerpent Ceraſtes. ca. xxxvij.

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CEraſtes is a ſerpēt that vij. hor / nes on his hede / of the whiche hornes in tymes paſt was wont to be made haftes of knyues belonginge to emperours tables for their grete vertue for whan there came any venym to ye table than the kniues heftes dyd ſwet & of the venym was knowlege / & this ſerpent geteth his mete be ſubtyll menes / for he layeth in the ſande as yf he were dede and hydeth ſo moſte parte of all his body / & the fowles and beſtes that ſe hym weneth that he be dede & thynke to eat of him & ſo he taketh thē & that is his mete / and agaynſt his bit is gode to be dronke in wine the ſede of Raphani.

¶Of the cephos. ca. xxxviij.

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CEphos is a wonderfull monſter in the londe of Ethyope the whiche hathe fete before lyke the very hā des of a man & he hath thē behīde lyke [Page] the fete of a man / & this monſter hathe bene ſene in the palays of Pompeyus at Rome / & it is heded & mouthed lyke a blode hoūde. ¶Centrocota is a beſte bodyed lyke an aſſe / breſted & legged lyke a lyon / & it hathe a wyde gapynge mouthe from the one ere to the other & it foloweth man be the voyce.

¶Of the Cirogrillus. ca. xxxix.

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IT is a beſte full of briſtellis & pynnes lyke an vrchen & facyoned lyke a ſwyne / nothinge bolde / but it wyl geue a dedly bitte.

¶Of the Cicade. ca. xl.

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That is a worme of the erth / & ſom dwell in howſes ī warme places and deſyre the hytte of the fyre / & ſome flye in the felde / & they ſucke the dewe of the graſſe / and they ſinge wel & thei make their holes in the groūde wher as thei haue yōges. There be Cicades that grow only of the cockes ſpe [...]yll or moyſtnes & thoſe be many in Ytalye.

¶Of Cicotrocea. ca. xli.

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IT is a beſte that foloweth gladly the voice of man & it cloſeth neuer his iyen & ſome ſay that they be engē dred of a wolfe and a dogge.

¶Of Critecus. ca. xlij.

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A Meruelous beſte is critecus the whiche dwelleth in the erth & is of diuers and many maner of colours on the hede and he hath a redde backe [Page] and a whyte bely / and his here may nat be p [...]u [...]ked out for the ſkynne wolde go withall / & it is coloured moche lyke a cony / & it hath none eares but it hathe eare holes / and it is curſt & byteth paryllouſly ſore

Of the Adder. Cap. xliij.

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THe Adder layeth gladly in ye ſonne beames / and it crepeth ſomtyme thrugh a very ſtrayte hole and ſo ſtrepith his ſkyn of and reneweth hȳ It is as lōge as an ele / it glydeth on ye grownde & it geueth venymous blaſtes / and trobeleth them that come in his waye / & ſtyngeth them venemouſly / it flyeth frome the herte & kylleth the lyon The ſkyne that it ſtrepyth of dreſſed in a decoctiō with oyle is very good in ye eares as teſtefyeth phiſiolꝰ.

Of the Cocodrillus. Cap. xliiij.

COcodrillus is a beſt wt .iiij. fete. & lyueth both in water & on londe and it is .xxiiij. cubitus of length. and it hath an harde ſkynne & great tethe lyke a ſawe / and it hath great clawes by nycht is it in ye water / and by daye is it on erthe / and it hathe eggis gretter than a goſe vpon ye grownde / and

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the male & female kepeth it eche his tyme / & there is no beſte made of ſo ſmale ſubſtance yt becometh ſo great and it is very gluttyſſhe / and whā it is full it goeth to the border of the water and there it layeth down / and thā cometh a byrde named ye wrēne and flyckereth ſo longe aboute his mouthe yt he geteth in / & than this lytell byrde ſcratcheth hym ī his throte yt it eaſeth hym ſo moche yt he falleth therwith in ſlepe and whan this byrde parceyueth yt this beſte is in ſlepe / it decendeth in to the bely & byteth it ſo ſharply thrugh as yf it were ſhot thorow wt an arow for his bely is in maner as ſofte as ſlyme / and therefore he is ſo hurte in the water of ye fyſſhes that haue harde fȳ nes / and whan it fyndeth a man it killeth hym / and than it cryeth whan it beholdeth ye man / but yet it eteth hym as Plinius ſayth ¶This cocodrillus eteth gladly an herbe wt brode leuys where as a lytell ſerpent is hidden in whiche is his mortall ennemy / & this [Page] lytell e [...]pent dothe wentell & tourne hym ſelfe in ſlymye grownde to begyle cocodrillus & cōmeth to hym & ſlepereth throughe betwene his tethe & ſo deſcēdeth down in to his bely & tereth a ſonder all cocodryllus entrayles & his bely alſo / & this ſerpent hath ſo harde aſkīne yt it is nat well poſſible to cutte it a ſonder wt a ſworde. ¶Plinius ſayth That ye donge of cocodryllus is moche ſett by where as he hanteth of olde women in yt contrey for they make an oyntmēt therof to anoynt their face therwith for thā they ſeme to be yonge luſty wenches as longe as that oyntment is freſſhe.

Of the Coney. Cap. xlv.

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THe coney is a lytel beſte dwellynge in an hole of the erthe / & thore as he vſeth he encreaſeth very moche and ther fore he is profitable for man for he caſteth oftentymes in the yere

¶The Operacion.

Yſaac ſayth. That conys fleſſhe hath̄ properli ye vertue to ſtrengen ye mawe and to diſſolue the bely / and it caſſeth̄ moche vryne▪

¶Of the Dāma. Cap. xlvi.

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DAmma is a beſte lyke [...] hath longe ſharpe ſtreight / and ſmothe hornes & it is very ſwyfte ī rō ninge / & the fleſſhe of it is colde & drye in the operaciō & there be many of thē in Arabia.

The Operacion

¶Albertus ſayth that ye doūge of this beſte tēpered wt olye cawſeth here for to growe / & yf a man ennoynt his yarde wt it or he haue adoe wt his wyſe ſhe ſhall loue hym euer after

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[Page] Of the Damula. cap. xlvij

DAmula is a wilde gote & is very weke & can nat helpe hȳ withe no ſtrengh but only wt ſwyft rōning / & it fleeth ſore from ye ſight of man / & it is gladly amonge ye mōtayns / & whan it is hurte wt an arowe thā it eteth an herbe named tragōteon / & therwith ye arouwe falleth than out

The Operacion

Plinius ſayth. The blode of this gote ſowpleth & lēgtheneth ye ſhreynked ſenewes / & the ſerpentis ronne awaye frome this beſte & exchewe the brethe of it becauſe it with driueth venime.

Of the Dragon. cap / xlviij.

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THe Dragō is ye gretteſt of all ſer / pentes & beſtes / as Yſidorꝰ ſayth in Inde & in Ethyope be many / & he groweth tyll he be .xxvi. cubites of lēgthe & more / & whā he is come to his ful age or ſtrength thā lyueth he longe wt out mete / but whā he beginneth to ete he is nat lightely ſuffyſed. Auguſti. ye dragon dwelleth in depe caues of the grounde / and whan he feleth any reyne cōmynge out of the ayre than commeth he out of his caue or dēne & fleethe in to the ayre & bethe [...] ī the ayre in ſuche wyſe that it ſemeth to be a gret tempeſt in ye ayre & his wȳges be of a great quātyte accordynge to his body & they be facyoned lyke ye winges of a backe ye flyeth in the twy lyght / & where as ye dragon abideth there is ye ayre darke & full of venymous corrupcion.

The Operacion

Solinus ſayth. yt the ſtone that is na / med Dracōcias is cut out of ye dragōs hede but and he be dede or the ſtone be cut out than it is nothynge worthe for than it leſeth his vertue / but they that wille haue ye ſtone ordayne her [...]es [...] hym to eat yt he ſholde ſlepe to th [...] [...] that he ſholde betaken / & that they ſholde ſo ī his ſlepe cut the ſtone out of his hede / the wiche is very precyous for ye kinges of Oriente bere them in great honoure. ¶The dragons fleſſhe is grene & cold in ye operacion & coleth them ſore yt eteth of it therfore they of Ethiope eat moche dragons fleſſhe The dragons hede promiſeth to make a houſe fortunable.. The tonge of the dragon & his galle therof made decocciō in wine and therwith man or womans body enoynted is good for ye encōbrynge of the fayre and ſuche lyke.

Of the Draconcopedes. cap. xlviij.

DRaconcope [...]es be mighty great ſerpentis yt haue vyſages fayre and bryght lyke maydens or gentyll women / and ſome holdē that they be [Page]

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of thoſe ſerpētis or ſuche lyke as Eua was begyled wt of the deuyll for Beda ſayth that ye ſerpent hath a maydenly viſage / therfore the deuyll ſhewed vn [...] ſuche a fayre viſage to thentent that he the ſoner ſholde begile her and come to his purpoſe / & the body of this ſerpent was couered wt the leues and ſmale brāches of the tre / & this ſerpēt was very wyſe or ſubtyle / but yt come nat of hym ſelfe for the deuyll was in it & he ſpake thrugh that ſerpent / lyke as Balaās aſſe ſpake thrugh ye angel

Of the Gray. cap. l.

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THe Gray is a fatt beſte wt a brode backe and ſhort leggis / & they be ſhorter on the lefte ſyde than on the righte ſyde and thei byteth very ſore & is of the moc [...]nes of the fox / & is ſlowe in ronninge to gete his mete

Of the Dypſa. Cap. li.

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DIpſa is a maner of a ſerpēt / and it is very lytell / but it ſtingeth man / & whan it hath ſo done incōtinēt it is enflambed wt ſo great hete & thurſte that it muſt nedys drinke / & ſo it rō neth to the water / & th̄ere it drinketh tyll it breſte aſonder / and it is aboute a ſpanne of lengthe

Of the Oromeda. cap. lij.

ORomeda is a maner of a ſmale camell / & is very ſwyfte in rōnȳ ge & in goīge for it hath bene proued yt it rōneth an hondred myle vpō a day ¶Damula is a nother wilde beſte & is alſo in rōninge very ſwyft / & it is lyke an hynde / & it is nat lyghtely to be tamed / & therfore it is nat coūted fore no [Page]

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beſte of the chaſe.

The Operacion.

[...] [...]ayth That the fleſſhe of damula facyoned lyke a plaſter and layde to ye ioynctes ſouppleth them very wel Alſo that fleſſhe ſoden in wyne & yt wine ſo dronkē is good for the fallinge ſekeneſſe. The yarde or membre of ye damula and of ye herte dryed & ſtā ped to powder and that drōkē ī wyne or other drinke is good for the poyſon

[figure]

Of the Ydra· cap. liij

YDra is a ſerpent or dragon with many hedis / and whā any body feghteth agaynſte it and ſtryketh one of the hedis of incōtinente there ſpryngethe thre other hedis for it / but ſome thȳke it but a fable / & he that is venymed with this dragon may be holpen with kowe donge

Of the Horſe. cap. liiij.

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THe Horſe is a beſte yt engendreth in all places of the world / & amō ge all colours. ye blacke is beſt. ye browne baye next / & the white thirde / but al other colours be taken for worſe. Ariſtoteles ſayth. That ye horſe & ye mare haue more deſyre to theyr engendrīg than ony other beſtes on erth / for it is wryttē that no beſte after that it hath receyued ye nature of frute wyll haue adoe more wt his male or female / ſaue only ye womā and ye mare / & the horſe may make ye generaciō tyl he be .xxxv. [Page] yere olde / and ye mare may bere here frute tyll ſhe be .xl. yere of age agaynſt the natuere of all other beſtes / the horſe hath whyte tethe in his age / and he hathe no gall.

The Operacion

Diaſcorides ſaith That ye mares mylke laxatiuith the bely Freſſhe horſe dō ge bront ſtoppeth blode. The drye donge ſtrewed in ye noſe ſtancheth blode / & it be put in ye eere it wt driueth ye payn. yf a woman be ſet on a chayre wt a hole & hors doūge vnd it takynge ye ayre of theſame delyuereth her of her dede frute & after birth or ſecondina. The blod of a ſtoned hors or of a mare that hathe ben foled eteth our euyll boches or great byles. The olde hors donge or ſtale donge brent to aſſhes driueth out the dede frute or dede byrth out of the moders wombe.

capitulo. lv.

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THe Olyphant is a gret beſte that lightely wyll be tamed and he is hūbler than any other beſte / and mekeneth himſelfe lowlyer thāne any other beſte and becōmeth ſubiect very lyghtely / and he is cōmonly lerned to do reuerens to kynges and noble princys / & who ſo hurteth or greueth hym that wyll he remember / and reuenge it in longe tyme after / and put him in ieꝑdy yt greued him / theſe beſtes ware wont to do gode ſruice in tyme of war for they be ſo ſtronge that they maye fell downe gret ſtone walles / and they may bere a meruelous great weight Whan the male wyll engender with the female than do they go togeder towardes the Orient partyes as farre as they can / And there they fynde anherbe named Mandragora and therof they ere bothe / but the female eteth firſt / and whan they haue eten therof than they come by eche other and engendreth be the way of nature & whā ſhe ſhall caſt her yonge than gothe ſhe to a great water & caſteth it therupon for feare of the dragon that is hir ennemye & wayteth to deſtroy her and her yong alſo for the whiche cauſe thother neuer departeth frome her tyll ſhe be quite of her burden / the Olyphant lyueth iij.c. yere. & hathe no ioyntes in his legges wherfore he cāne nouther bowe nor knele / and he hath a rounde fote lyke an apple / wherfore whan he reſteth him he leneth to a great ſtrong tree and ſo repoſeth hym and ſlepeth on his fete ſtandīge becauſe that his legges be ſo ſtiffe and will nat bowe / & the hūters yt wyl haue hym do marke the tre that he reſteth to / & whan he is gone thēs / than they get a ſaw & ſawe [Page] a ſonder & leueth it ſo ſtāding / & ye next tyme that he cometh for to reſt hym & leneth to the tree / downe cometh ye tre and he togeder / and than he can nat a riſe ſo incontinent he is taken

¶Nota It is wryten alſo that whan the hūters come for to ſtryke him they be agreed / before honde that ye one ſhal ſtryke hym & the other defende hym / & haue a boxe or other veſſell & therin is red colour or wyne / and that he yt is ye defendour is all beſpylt or ſprinked wt the ſame as yf he hath ſhede his blode for the [...]liphāte / & whā the oliphāt ſpyeth that ye laſt man hath ſhed his blode for hym he foloweth hym mekly & is trewe & obedient vnto hym in all his beſynes vnto the deth / and wyll nat folowe the other hunter whiche is vnto vs wrec [...]ed [...]reatures a worthy ēſample for oure lernyng / wherfore late vs thinke in our myndes that we be the Olyphantes an thinke in our hertes what loue this onreſonable beſte ſheweth vnto man for hys goode wylle yt he hath redemed hȳ / whiche was but a fayned mater / what oughte we ſynfull [...]reatures to thinke yt the very ſon of god is deſcended frome his godhed and hath taken vpon hym the nature of man for to feght agaynſte the firſte hunter that chaſed vs that was oure mortall ennemye the deuill of hell. O lorde god there thou ſheddeſt thy moſt precyous blode for oure redemp [...]ion & loſed vs from the bādes of euerlaſtinge dampnacion / where fore gyue vs grace thate we maye obſerue and kepe thy preceptis and commandementes / and that we may humble our ſelf to laude and thanke the fore thy gloryous woundes and paſſyon that thou ſuffreddeſt and for thy moſte precious blode that thou ſheddeſt for the redemcyon of all mankinde

The Operacion

Auicenna ſayth

¶If a woman ſytt ouer a veſſell wt fyre and that ther be of the greſe of the olyphant caſt therin ſo that the ſmoke ſtryke vpwardes to her ſhe ſhall nate conceyue of chylde. ¶The dong of the Oliphāt burned and the fume or ſmoke therof made to the bely of one that hathe the acces or ague ſhall helpe hȳ. ¶The donge alſo layde in wolle vnd a woman cauſeth that ſhe ſhall nat cō ceyue of chylde.

Of the Enthires. cap. lvi.

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ENchires is a beſte lyke a Gulle. and hathe in his necke veri long here lyke the mane of an horſe necke. [Page] & hath great hornes mightely armed for to feght / and he hath a ſhort tayle his ſkinne is very herde / & his fleſſhe is ſwete. & whā it is hūted it feghteth agaynſt the hūters / & it caſteth his dō ge & voydeth it well .iiij. ſtrydes from hym for very purefear / & it ſemeth yt it is theſame beſte that bonnacon ſpeketh of before

Of the Enidros. cap. lvij.

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A Litell beſte is Enidros. & it is moche in ye water of Nilus. & where ſoeuer it fyndeth that ſerpēt cocodryllus before named ſlepīge. ther it doth wentylle & turne hym ſelfe in ſlypery myre & than it ſlippeth betwene the teth of cocodrillus & ſo deſcendeth in to the bely of cocodrillus & there terith it a ſonder all ye intrayls & guttes of his bely & ſo ſleeth it ye cocodrillus. ¶Enitra is a lytell beſte / & of thē be many ī germania / & they make grete holes in ye erth / & they gathre in the ſomer that yt they lyue by in ye winter / the female is alway fatte & the male lene / for ſhe is euer etynge & he is ſo gredy & ſo ſparinge yt he thȳketh that he ſhall neuer haue ynoughe & alſo he hydeth from his female al his mete as moch as he can becauſe ſhe ſhold nat eat of it but ſhe is wilye yt ſhe maketh a hole comȳ ge from another waye to ſtele his mete priuily that he dothe nate knowe of it & ſo deſceyueth him & eteth his mete and that is ye cauſe that he is ſo lene

Cirogrillus. cap. lviij.

[figure]

CIrogrillus & erinatius is all one & it is a lytelle beſte lyke a pigge & his ſkynne is rownde aboute full of ſharpe pinnes ſaue only onder his bely that no man may come nygh hym & it is moche lyke an vrchen / but whā it is layde in luke warme water than it is ſo glad that it ſtretcheth hym ſelfe a brode ¶Ermyne is a lytell beſt lyke muſtela / & in the wȳter on all the partyes of his body he is withe ſaue only on ye back and it eteth fleſſhe and parſecuteth the myſe very ſore.

Of Edus. cap. lix. [Page]

[figure]

Of Edus. Cap. lix.

EDus is a lytel gote / & whan it is yonge it is fatt / & his fleeſſhe is of good ſauour & in ye wanȳge of ye mone is goode geldynge of thē lyke ye calues

The Operacion

Plinius ſayth That ye freſſhe warme blode of this gote tempred with vineger is goode for them that ſpet blode The lūges of hym eten kepeth a man from dronkeneſſe

Emorois. Cap. lx.

[figure]

Emorois is a ſerpent that ſweteth blode / & he that of hym is bittyn or ſtynged bledeth hymſelfe to dethe

Echele. Cap. lxi.

[figure]

EChele is a lytell worme & ſom name it ī engliſſhe a leche / & it is in water moche / & it ſucketh gladly ye blode of man & beſte / & it bydeth cleuynge vnto ye place yt it ſucketh tyl it be ful & than it falleth of / but what tyme of the day yt it be the blode [...]ācheth nat light [...]ely tyll the ſonne be ſette whā it hath ſucked. ¶A caterpiller is a worme of dyuers colours / & it hath many fete / & it is of halfe fynger length or more / or laſſe / & they brede of ſtynkȳge myſtes vpō ye trees & deſtroy ye trees & frutes therof / & ſome take ye aſſhes of a fygge tre yt hath bene burned & ſtrewe it vpō thoſe erbes or trees and therwith deſtroye them.

[figure]

[Page] ¶Falena. ca. lxij.

FAlena is a beſte that hathe naturally Pryde in man or woman and wyll vpon that quarell feght to ye dethe & if he wyn̄e man and ouercom him thā tereth he him aſonder for his pryde ¶Fiber is moche in the londe of Ponte / and is a beſte lyke the beuer but it is ſomwhat laſſe / and his ſtones may nat be of but he muſt dye / and it hathe theſame power that the beuer hathe / and whan this beſte byteth any body it letteth nat go his holde tyl it here the bone cracke a ſonder.

¶The Antes or piſmers. ca. lxiij.

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ANtees or piſmers be very lytell wormes and they be very wyſe / they make their holes in the grounde ande bere the erth out / and they make a narowe entre into their hole & make grete prouiſion to leue vpon all ye yere after / the ante deuideth euery corne or or grayn that he geteth in thre partis that he caryeth into his hole / becauſe it ſholde nat ſhote and waxe grene in his hole or dēne / theſe antes cary eche other out of their holes whan they be dede / and bury them.

¶The grete myris. ca. lxiiij.

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THe grete Myris as it is ſaide be in Ethyope and they be in quantite as gret maſtifes and they be foted lyke a lyon and they caſt the golde out of the golden ſande and [...] nobody dare come by it. In ynde be myris as gret as oxen and they be very daūgerous to come by / and they be alſo be the golden mynes / & they haue four fete with croked clawes / and they wyll tere any man a ſ [...]nder / but they do nat byte or hurt other beſtes lightely / and for to myniſſhe the ſyn̄ne of couetyſe there be ſo many of them to kepe this gold that no man can com [...] be it / but Iohn̄ mandeuyll teſtfieth that theſe antes or myris may nat abyde the here of the ſon̄e therfor wha [...] [...] fele the here thei ron̄e to their caues or dennes and in the mene tyme cometh men ſittinge on dromodaris and cary aſmoche of this golde awaye by ſtelth as they may but they be in great ieoꝑdye. Alſo they gete this golde be poli [...]ye / as thirs / They kepe a mare with hir yonge fole very hōgry / and lay on her two doſſers we [...] feſtened vnto her [Page] body & dryue her out towarde ye place where as this golde is / but the fole bydeth at home tyll they wyll haue the mare home agayne / And theſe antes haue a propertye that they may ſe no emptye holes / wherfore whan they ſe theſe emptye baſkettes vpon the maris backe / they fyll it full of pure golde for they purifye it very well / and whā the owner of the mare dothe thynke that it is tyme than he taketh the fole and bringeth it out / and incōtinent it begin [...] to ney & crye after the dāme and whan ſhe hereth her yonge ſhe cō meth home as faſt as ſhe can / and in ſuche maner they gete the golde.

Capitulo. lxv.

[figure]

A Furet is a beſte longe and ſmall and it is almoſte all whyte of colour and it bryngeth the conys out of their holes whan it fyndeth them.

¶Nota Furo is a beſte that hathe many fete / and it ſeketh and fyndeth many conys in their holes and killeth thē and ſo eteth them be ſtelth.

capitulo. lxvi.

GAla is a lytell beſte & very bolde / and it feghteth agaīſt diuers ſerpētis and eteth gladly myſe / & the ſerpent that it feghteth with eteth gladly myſe alſo / & whan it hathe ouercomen the ſerpent than it eteth it [...] & by by it eteteh rewe the whiche is contrarye to all maner of ſerpentis. ¶A genet is ſomwhat bigger than a foxe / & it is coloured betwene a redde and a blacke and it is meke and hūble / and it ſeketh his mete be the ryeurs ſyde.

capitulo. lxvij.

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GAmeleon is a beſte with ij. wynges & foure fete hauinge an hede lyke an adder & a longe wronge tayle lyke a dragon and bereth gere on his backe lyke woll & the clohhe that therof is made can nat burne / & whā this beſte of his ennemye is ſlayne / than it ſleeth his ennemye alſo / for he eteth of it alſo & therof he dyeth in cōtinent.

capitulo. lxviij. [Page]

[figure]

GAſella is a beſte lyke an hert and it hath hornes lyke a ſawe [...] it hathe .ij. longe tethe lyke a bore ſtādinge out / & they bringe furthe the well ſmellynge muſke / and thei be moche in the londe of tombaſe / & alſo at Senys / but that of Tombaſe is moche better than that of Senis for they of Tombaſe ete moche Spicanarde & many other coſtely ſpyces but they of Senys ete but other ſimple herbes. ¶Nota the nature of Gaſella dryueth ſomtyme blode outwardes as if it were an impoſtume laing betwene ſkīne & fleſſhe & whā it is rype thys beſte rōneth to a tre & rubbeth it a ſonder & than that corupcyon falleth to the grounde which is very trewe muſke that noble pryncis couyt it moſte / & therfore the more people do auēture their lyfe for to gete it ſome be ſtrengthe & ſom be wyles.

capitulo. lxix.

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GLandoſa is a ſerpent right daungerous for what it biteth it rotes in cōtinent & ſtinketh meruelouſly he that tredeth on this ſerpent all the ſole of his fote ſhall fall out / & the ſurgeon that viſyteth the ſame ſhall leſe all the ſkīne of his handes. ¶Gnatrix is a ſerpent that enuenymeth all maner of waters that it cōmeth in.

Capitulo. lxx.

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A Worme there is named grillus whiche worme hathe many fete and wandereth alway / and it perſeth the erthe / & it eteth the antes in the erthe and it is moche lyke a greſhope / & it cōmeth of the great corrupcyons of the trees.

The Operacion

[Page]

Grillus burned to aſſhes and that tē pered with oyle / & ſo layde to a byle or impoſtume maketh it ſouple & purifieth it. ¶Haly teſtefieth that if grillus be hanged about the necke of one that hathe the quartayne ague is lightely eaſed therof.

Capitulo. lxxi.

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HEricius is lyke an vrchen full of ſharpe pryckels / whan he feleth ought than he rolleth himſelf togeder lyke a fote ball / and it hathe all the condicyons of an vrchen and of hym the wolfe is ſore a frayde.

¶The Operacyon.

¶The fleſſhe of hericius is gode & conforteth the ſtomacke & reſolueth ye bely & cauſeth moche water to be made / & they be very ꝓfitable to be eten of thē that be enclyned to lepry.

capitulo. lxxij.

HIena is a beſte as gret as a wolf & hathe a mane lyke a horſe / & it begileth the ſhepardes & hoūdes with his barkīge in ſuche maner that they

[figure]

thynke it is a dogge alſo / & ſo with his deſeytfull barkinge he cometh ſo nigh to man and beſte that he taketh theim in his clawes and with his tethe he tereth them a ſonder / & than he maketh grat caues or holes in the erthe and caryeth thoſe dede bodyes [...] carcaſes therin / and therof he eteth gladly tyl he may nomore.

¶The operacion.

¶Iheronimꝰ ſaith the gall of Hiena is gode for the brightnes of the iyen / & his doūge heleth foule & roten woūdes the ſkīne of his hed is gode to be layde to their hedes yt haue gret payn. and Plinius ſaith it conforteth the ſight.

capitulo. lxxiij.

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[Page]HIſtrix is a beſte in Ethyope and in ytalie yt hathe longe ſharp briſtels on his backe / & is ſtrong bothe on water & on londe & is lightely angry / and he that foloweth him than / he ſhoteth his briſtellys at the purſuer whether it be man or beſte.

capitulo. lxxiiij.

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THe Bucke or male of the gote doeth gladly feght wt his ſtrong hornes / and is alway redy to the onclene luſt of the fleſſhe / and his fleſſhe is nat gode to be eten / & it ſtinketh ſore.

¶The operacion.

¶Auicenna ſayth that he is ſo hote of nature yt his blode breketh the Athamande ſtone in peces that can nat be broken nother with yron nor ſtele / his blode rypeneth an impoſtume lightly & it is gode to be dronke for theim that be payned with the ſtone or grauell in the kydney.

Capitulo. lxxv.

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HImnulus is the yonge [...]fawne of an hert / & it is ſwift in rōning & the dāme hideth it as nigh as ſhe can whyles it is yonge / and ſhe lerneth it to ſpringe ouer dyches & hedges / & if it be gelded whyle it is yong than it ſhal bere no hornes / if it bere his firſt horne or it be gelded / than ſhall it neuer caſt his horne after.

¶The operacion.

¶Pliniꝰ ſaith he yt ware ſtriked with the ſcpiū or blode of ye fawne ware defended from the ſerpentis that daye.

capitulo. lxxvi.

IAculus is a flienge ſerpent and it climeth vpon the trees / and there it hydeth him / and what man or beſte that cōmeth forby it he falleth downe from the tre vpon them & killeth them out of hande / and what it meteth whā it fleeth it killeth it.

[Page]

[figure]

¶Nota. Ipnalis is a ſerpent the whiche is Ebbe vnto the ſerpēt A [...]is and who ſo euer of him be bitten falleth in continent to the ground on ſlepe / and ſo they dye very ſoftly & withoutē any maner of feare.

capitulo. lxxvij.

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ICinus is a beſte on the erthe full of ſharpe pines rounde about his body ſaue only vnder his bely / and it is lyke a yonge pygge.

Capitulo. lxxviij.

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LAcertus is a ſerpent with foure fete and it hathe a ſplayde tonge and it is ſomwhat hery / her yōges do breſt out of theim to the nomber of xi. and in Ynde thoſe Serpentis become four and twenty fote longe.

capitulo. lxxix.

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LAmya is a great beſte and very curſed of nature / for be night it cōmeth out of the foreſt and it entreth in ye gardens & there breketh aſonder [Page] all maer of erbis & trees / & who ſo commeth̄ to dryue hym frome thens he biteth ferſly / of the whiche they can nat lyghtely be heled / and ſome ſaye that they won̄de their yonges or euer they geue them ſucke. ¶Nota Lauſamyn is Alſo angrye beſte yt none other beſte may be fre for it / for it maketh the prince of all beſtes afrayde / that is the lyon / but they hurt nat eche other / but what ſoeuer other beſtes get / this lauzamyn taketh it from them.

Capitulo. lxxx.

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THe lyon is a noble beſte for he is prynce of all other beſtes / & he is ſtrong & mighty & of very noble corage / the he / hathe longe curled here and croked clawes & maketh his wa [...] bacwarde out / yet he lifteth his legge like a dogge & whā he openeth his mouthe there out cōmeth a ſwete ſauour / & he ſlepeth with open iyen / he hath v. clawes in his fore fete / & but four ī his hinder fete / his tethe be ſharpe as a ſawe / and all his bones be very harde / & lytell mary therin / & whan he is chaſed he rōneth faſt before and trayleth his brode tayle after him vpon the groūd and ſo ſtryketh out the ſteppys of his fete that he therby ſholde nat be foūde The female bringeth forth at her firſt warpinge or litteringe .v. yonges / at the next tyme foure / than thre / than .ij and at the laſt time but one. and after that ſhe bydeth euer barayn. & whan ſhe hathe littered hir yonges / they be dede and ſo byde tyll the thirde daye / and than cometh the dāme with hir familye and there they make ſo great a crye / that thrugh the ſoūde of it they become leuinge and be afrayde / and the lyon fereth the mouſe.

¶The Operacyon.

¶Eſculapius ſaith / he that ſitteth vpō a Lyons ſkynne is heled of ye pyles in the fundament / he yt is enoynted with the ſewet or bed of the kydney of ye noble lyon / the wolues ſhalbe of hī right ſore a dred / the talowe of hym named adeps tempered wt oyle of roſes with driueth the ſpottes in the vyſage & maketh it clere and ſhininge and heleth yt that is burned. The gall of him tempered wt water maketh bright iyen / and his hart is gode to beeten for ye fourth daye axces.

capitulo. lxxxi.

LEopardus or the leoparde is engendred of the lyoneſſe and of ye beſte pardus his coloure is pale redde with blacke ſpottys ouer al his bodye [Page]

[figure]

and the Female is ſtronger than the male of them / and it is a beſte felle out of meſure / and ſomtyme it is tamed & lerned to the chace and thei that lede it muſt be prouided of ſome quicke beſte by them for whan he is in his hete and fayle of his enterpryſe he will put his leder in gret iepardy of his lyfe / wherfor they carye a quicke lāme with thē to geue him in tyme of nede yt he may ſucke the blode and ete the fleſſhe to abate his corage vpon that. This beſte is lyke the lyon in all the partes of his bodye / but he is nat ſo great nor he is nat ſo ſtronge.

¶Leonthophonus. ca. lxxxij.

LEonthophonus is a lytell beſte that hathe his name of the lyon for it is to the lyon a great ennemy / for whan it fortuneth to be taken and thā brent to aſſhes / and thoſe aſſhes layde or ſtrewed vpon a pece of fleſſhe & layd in the way wher as the lyon ſhall pas yf he ete of it / be it neuer ſo lytell than muſt he nedis dye. And therfore Plinius nameth it the morall enemye of

[figure]

the lyon becauſe that of it he muſt ſuffer dethe. Nota lentrocuta is a beſte aſmoche as an aſſe / and it is moche lyke a lyon ſaue on his backe behynde & that is lyke an hert / & it hathe a wyde mouthe frome the one eare to thother / & it is meruelous ſwift in ronnynge & thei be moche in the londe of ynde / and they folowe gladly the ſownde or ſpeche of man.

¶The hare. ca. lxxxiii.

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[Page] Capitulo. lxxxiij.

THe hare is a beſte that is ſwift in rōnynge & alwaye full of feare & drede & exchewinge / it hathe longe eares / & his hinder legges be lōger than his fore legges / & it hath bothe mēbres for as now it [...]s the male and as than it is the female / & alwayes the lippes be waggynge vp and downe.

¶The operacion.

¶Iſaac ſaithe ye hare is drye of nature & he maketh courſe blode / but yet his fleſſhe is better than yōge kyds fleſſhe and it is gode for them that be drye of cōplextyon & that do gret laboure.

capitulo. lxxxiiij.

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LEuithan is a dragō that fleeth in the ayre / it gothe on groūde & ſwȳmeth in the water / & feghteth oftē tymes agaynſte the whale fiſſhe / & all the fiſſhes in the ſee that ſe this batayl come in continent and ſitt vpon ye taile of the whale / and than if the whale be ouercome of the dragon than eteth the dragons all thoſe ſmale fiſſhes / but yf he can nat ouercome him / than wyl he blowe poiſon or venȳ vpon the whale but he defendeth himſelfe wt blowinge of water agayne vpon the dradragon & ſo preſerueth him & all his felowes.

Capitulo. lxxxv.

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LAnificus is a worme yt maketh ſilke & it is longe & full of ſpottes and hathe many fete / this worme maketh out of his wōbe yt the ſilke is ſpōne of / & he eteth the leues of the more bery tree / the which mete is chaūged in his wombe vnto the naturall wolle that the ſilke is ſpōne of / and it maketh his wolle on a lytell ſtrigge in maner like a ſpyndell / And whan it is full / thāne it gothe out about in a wonderfull maner / and thys worme whiche was before a creping worme with many fete hathe nowe wynges for to flee. And after that cōmeth bothe male & female [Page] to geder .iij. dayes longe in the operation of loue / & than dyeth the he. And within a wyle after ye ſhe layeth innumerabli many eggis vpō a fayre white or redde clothe yt is layde vnd her of them that wille haue the profite & thā dyeth ſhe & than thoſe egges be layde away in fayre clowtes ī a warme place where as ye winter can do no ſcathe to thē / & whan the maye beginneth to ware warme than be they layde out in the warme ſonne tyll they gette ye nature of the worme & ſo gets lyfe. Lymar is a worme bred of the nature of ſlyme & is in maner as a ſnayle

Cap. lxxxvi.

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COūpted is the Lintworme as of the kynred of ye wolf / but it hath vpō his bake mani ſpottes like ye beſte pardus / & he is ſo ſharpe ſighted that he ſeeth throughout a mānes body & is faſt & ſolidū And he hath a tong like a ſerpent but it is moche greater in ſuche quātite that he caſteth it about his necke / & hath clouē fete wt gret clawes & his piſſe baketh in ye ſonne and that becommeth a ryche ſtone

Cap. lxxxvij.

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THe haye ſprynger is a beſte wt .iiij. fete hauynge a greate hede / & they be gode to be eten / and there be many aboute Iheruſalē of the bigneſ of a conye. but they hayſprygers that we haue be graſhoppis & nat like thoſe by Iheruſalem. the whyche we knowe richt well.

Cap. lxxxviij

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THe Wolfe is a gredy grypynge beeſte and full of falſhede. and ſome ſaye that it is a wilde dogge for he [Page] is lyke a dogge / & he howleth but he harketh nat lyke a dogge / & he is very bold / & whō he eteth thā he fylleth him ſelfe wt ſo moche mete that he hath̄ no hunger in .iij. dayes after If any beſte piſſe where as he hathe piſt the whyle ye his piſſe be warm ye other beſte ſhall neuer be frutefull afer / and the wolfe eteth no thynge but fleſſhe

The Operacion

Ambroſiꝰ ſayth If ye wolfe ſe the man firſt thā taketh he frome man his voyce becauſe he ſholde nat crye / as one yt were of the wolf ouercome / but yf the man ſe the wolfe firſt than the wolf leſeth therby his corage & alſo is paſe yt he can nat ronne. Ex li. de na. re. If a wolues hert be dryed & well kept it is ſayde that it is aromatike. The lyuer deyed and b [...]ayed to powder & dronke in ſwete wyn is good for all miſtemperaūce. His fleſſhe dreſſed & etē is good for all fantaſyes. Wolues blode & hys donge is good for the colycke

Cap. lxxxix.

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A Lytell beſte is Inter moche like ye weſyll of quātite & coloure / his body is wythe / his wolle is as ſofte as downe / his hede is dūne & blacke This beſte woneth by ye water and lyueth of the fiſſhes & it may lyfe longe vnd water / & it is ſo gredi to gete his mete yt it gadereth ſo moche fiſſhe yt it layth by him & rotteth in his erthe & the ſtē / che therof īf etteth ye ayrether rownde aboute & ſomtimes it is taken of ye fyſſhers & tamed & thā they lerne it to fyſſhe in this maner. ye fiſſhes caſteth his nette at ye one ſyde of ye water & this lytell beſte is ſet in at the other ſyde & he dryueth ye fyſſhes ī to ye nette & helpeth his maiſter

Cap. xc

Lombricus

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is a worm that bredeth in ye bowellis of man / as hali ſaythe / they growe of fijlthy & rotten flemis in ye inner parteſ of man / they may nat come of ye blode or redde colera / for wt redde colera & hard ſharpnes vtterli & drily doth fle this worme / & yonge chylderē be oftentymes dyſeaſed with thys worme in ye frutefull ſeaſon of ye yere of moche ethinge therof

[figure]

[Page] capitulo. .xci.

A Beſte is Licaon of the kinred of ye wolf but it is longer bodyed & it hath ſhorte legges & on his necke he hath longe here facioned lyke mones of diuers & many coloures / and in the winter he is rough hered & in ye ſōmer ſmothe & theſe beſtes be moche in the partyes of Orient Lintiſcus is a beſte made be ye engendringe of ye ſhe wolfe & the dogge. & it is of bothe natures.

Capitulo. xcij.

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Maricomorion is a beſte in orient yt is ſeldē ſene. he is aſmoche as a lyon / tayled lyke a ſcorpiō / faſed / iyed & eared like a man / & rōneth like a herte / & wher it may fynde a mā it tereth hym a ſonder and eteth him.

[figure]

Capitulo. xciij.

WEſell is a lytell beſte & whan it hath younges it is dayli be thē to fede thē / & caryeth thē from place to place becauſe they ſholde nat be foūde & it dwelleth in hilles and holes & it ſlepeth very longe And whā it will feght agaynſte the baſiliſcus thā it armeth him wt wilde rewe / and if ſhe finde hir ionges dede than maketh ſhe thē quicke agayn through ye vertue of this be / knowē herbe rewe. & ye pope Clemēs ſaith that this beſt receyueth through hir mouth & caſteth her li [...]t thrugh her eares. this beſte perſecuteth the ſerꝑē tis & ſleeth ye baſiliſcꝰ but thā he dyeth alſo.

¶The Operacyon.

The aſſhes of ye weſelle & his blode heleth elephanticos ¶Plinius. ye aſſhes of the weſel tēpered with waxe heleth the payne in the ſholders. The blode ſtryked with plantago helpeth the podagris. And his aſſhes dronke wythe water helpeth the freneſie.

Cap. .xciiij.

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[Page]Mamometꝰ or marmoſet is a maner of an ape the whice is brawne on his bake & whyte ond his beli / & wt a herys taile & his necke is as thick as his hede therfore whā he is taken he is bownde aboute the myddell vnd the beli aboue the backe. & it hath a face moche lyke a man but it is blacke & without here / & alwaye there is ſtrife be [...]wene this beſte & ye ape & daily they feght agaynſt eche other ¶Māticora is a great beſte & very hery & hath fete lyke a lyon. his face iyen & ſteres like a man & a red coloure / & it hathe a tayle lyke a ſcorpion.

capitulo. xcv.

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A Marter is a beſte as moch as a catte but it is longer & hath .iiij. fete / & it is whyte vnder the bely & the necke and hath ſhorter clawes than a catte / and they be of ij. maners / that is to vnderſtande foynes and marteres but the marters be better yet bothe ye furres be ryche and coſtely. and they be but ſelden ſtylle / and ſomtyme they be tamed.

Capitulo. xcvi.

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MElo is a beſte lyke a gray wyth harde here & hath .iiij. fete wyth his clawes welle armed & is as great as a foxe. but Meloſus is a very dangerous great beſte & hath mighty longe tuſkes / & it dothe great harme vn / to man / yet it feareth the innocēcie of the yōge childrē & rōneth away from their voyce. ¶Monocheron is a beſte that hath a body like an horſ / a hede lyke an herte / a tayle like an hogge / and fete like an oliphaunt / & it hath a ſharpe horne in the middes of his forhede & that horne is black and of .ij. cubites of lenghte and it will nat latt him ſelfe be taken quicke.

Cap. xcvij.

[figure]

[Page]MIgale is a lytell beſte leſſe than a weſell & it is gredi to his mete / it is alſo fals & ſubtyll / for that it eteth it geteth wt great ſubtylte / whan it ſeeth a beſte it ſprīgeth to it & grypeth it by ye coddis till it haue ouercome ye beſte.

Cap. xcviij.

[figure]

A Muylis goten of an aſſe & born of a mare / & hath longe eares lyke an aſſe & cryeth lyke an aſſe / & hath a croſſe ouer his ſholders / & lytell fete lyke an aſſe. & alle the other partes of his bo [...]y is lyke a horſe The muyleſſe or female hath neuer yonge or fole for the nature yt they come of is cold out of meſure

The Operacion.

Auicēna ſayth The ſkinne of ye muyle & alſo the aſſhes is good to be layd to any thinge of man or woman thate is burned with fyre Eſculapiꝰ If a woman bere vpō here the eares of a ſhe muyle / & the coddys of a beſte named burdonis ſhall nat conceiue of childe.

Cap. xcix.

[figure]

A Lytelle beſte is the Mows and eteth gladly bred or othere thynges made of corne or ſuch as mā eteth and it is veri diligent to gete his leuinge wherfore it biteth many an harde thing a ſonder to paſſe through to gete his mete / and it is veri moyſte of nature / therfore yf it drinke moche it dyeth therof. In Orient be myſe as great as foxes / and they be of that nature that they will kyll a man In Arabia be great myſe alſo / & theyr fore fete be as brode as the palme of a mannes han / de and theyr hinder fete be as ſmale aſ a finger ende▪

The Operacion

Plinius ſaith Iuſte of camelion with watere and olye draweth the myſe to it and killeth them except yt they drynke water by and by He that will with driue the myſe out of his houſe / lat hī take a he mowſe and fle hym quicke & than let him rōne & he ſhall dryue a way all the myſe that be in the houſe. The blode of the mouſe is a ſouerayne medecyne to [...]ne that is diſeaſed with ye great knottis betweene the ſkīne & fleſſhe. Mouſe dyrte laxeth ſore

[Page]

[figure]

MVſquelibe [...] is a beſte in Oriente as grete as a gote / in his one ſyde groweth an impoſtume through ye humours a whan it is ripe it rubbeth it a ſond agaynſte a tre and than ronneth it out vpon ye groūde & becōmeth there harde & thicke / and that ſame is muſke yet all his bodi is muſke / but yt that cōmeth out of the impoſtume is ye very trewe muſke / and whan it hath loſte his ſwete ſauour than it wille be layde or hanged in a ſtynkynge place or in a pryue & there it geteth his good ſauour agayne

The operacion

¶Iſidorus ſayth That muſke is good for the daſynge in ye hede / & for ye wekenes of the herte / the brayne / the lyuer and the mawe ¶Conſtantinus Muſke is good for olde folke in ye wȳ ter for it ſtrengthneth the weke lymes and putteth away the ſorowe of melā coly / and brēgeth corage with boldneſ for it is great cōforatyfe.

cap. c.i.

[figure]

THe mouſe hounter or catte is an onclene beſte & a poyſon ennemy to all myſe / and whan ſhe hath goten ſhe playeth therwith / but yet ſhe eteth it / & ye catte hath lōge here on her mouthe / and whan her heres be gone than hathe ſhe no boldnes / and ſhe is gladli in a warme place / and ſhe licketh her forefete & waſſheth therwith har face.

Cap. c.ij [Page]

[figure]

MVlripes is a worm with many fete & maketh himſelfe as roūde as a bowle whan it is ſtired yet it hath a longe body & it lyueth a whyle after that his hede is of.

capitulo. C.iij.

[figure]

NEpa is a the ſerpent the whiche whan ſhe is with her felowe engēdring ſhe byteth of his hede & ſleeth him & ſhe is ſlain again in ye deliuerīg of hir yōges / for whan hir time is com than her yonges bite the inner partis of hir body aſonder / & than they burſt out and therof ſhe dyeth.

[figure]

capitulo. C.iiij.

NEomon is the ſame that ſinulus is & it hathe briſtels on his body & it can deuyde gode mete from poyſoned mete be the ſmell / & this beſte ꝑſecuteth the ſerpentis / & whan it feghteth wt the ſerpent aſpis / than it lifteth his tayle vp & ſtryketh aſpis greuouſly whan he waiteth leſte for the ſtroke & ſo he is deceyue.

ca. C.v.

[figure]

ONager is a wylde aſſe / vpon the xv. day of marche he cryeth xij. times in ye daye / & as many in ye night & therby it is knowen that it is Equinoxiū / than is day & night a lyke lōge In ynde he cryeth euery houre in the day. The wylde aſſe is as gret as one of our aſſes & it is a perylous beſte / & it hathe a horne in his forhede yt is very harde and ſharpe and the houe vnder [Page] his fote is meruelouſly harde & he ſtriketh therwt right perylouſly.

The Operacion

The wyne of a wilde aſſe breketh ye ſtone in ye bladders / The houe of hȳ brōt & the poud therof dronkē in bere or wine is good for ye fallinge ſekeneſſe

Cap. C.vi·

YChneumō is ye fornamed ſerpēte Neomō & it feghteth wt mani ſerpentes & ſpecialli wt aſpis as before is reherſed. Ariſtoti. ſayth / ye he feghteth nat gladli wt ye ſerpēt haſcos wtout more help for he fereth ye biting of haſcos & therfore he rōneth to a water & deſcē deth to ye botom & wēteleth in mudde / & geteh there helpe and than cometh with his company & feghteth wyth the ſerpent ha [...]cos

The .C.vij.

[figure]

ORafflus is a beſt hauinge many colours & the forparte of hys bo / dy is veri hye ī ſuche maner yt he may reche wt his hede .xx· cubites but ye hinder part of hym is very lowe / & it is foted & cayleth lyke an herte. ¶Onocē tijaurus is a beſte & monſter hauinge a hede lyke an aſſe / & all the other par / tes of the body is lyke a man / & whā it beginneth to crye thā it ſemeth that it wil ſpeke but it cā nat / & he throweth ſtones or libertes wt great ſtrength at thē that folowe hym for to take hym. Adellinꝰ ſayth that this beſte was nat made at the beginīge whan all other beſtes ware created of god but yt they comme of a meruelous commixcyon and ſtraunge generacion.

Cap. C.viij.

[figure]

A Beſte is Orix lyke a gote hauinge a berde vnd the chȳne / & they be moche in ye londe of Affrike / ther as lytell watere is or none wherfore this beſte ſuffreth great thurſte. For it is fon̄d yt the morderes of getulia layd & hao no water for to drinke / & they gate [Page] this beſte & ſhifted to get a drope of his vryne & ſlaked therwt their thurſt / & it may ſuffer no maner of colde.

Cap. C.ix.

[figure]

PAnthera is a frende to all beſtes [...] very fayre / & the ſhe is ſtrongeſt & hathe but ones yōges in her lyfe / & he that hūtith him layth fleſſhe in his waye & poiſon theron & he eteth it wherwith he is dece [...]ued of ye hūters but than he ſeketh the dirtte of man & that he eteth wherby he is ſaued if he fynde it.

[figure]

Cap. C.x.

PApro is a beſte lyke a foxe / of the which ther be many be ye cite of Ceſariū whan one crieth they crye al & whan one of them is dede thei gader rounde about it & make a meruelous howle or crye as if they dyd complain their felowe that they haue loſt / & ſom ſaye that they rōne gladly in the graues of dede bodies / and therof thei ete and this Beſte is engendered on the foxe be a wolfe.

Cap. C.xi.

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PAntheon is a beſte to whom nature hathe geuen grea [...] beautye and brightnes / and it hath a purpure coloure ſhynynge very bright as if it were a ſterre with his gliſhteringe beames / and whan it is dede / than it is redde of coloure / and it is as great as a great maſtyfe dogge / and his bones be very harde and his Senewes can nat lightly be broken

Cap. C.xij. [Page]

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PArandrus is in Ethiope a beſte as gret as an oxe & hath a hed loke [...] coloure lyke the bere / & is a beſte yt is euer afrayde of what thynge ſo euer it ſe & therof it taket ye coloure wherof it be whether it be whyt / blacke / or rede but his owne propre coloure is as before is ſpecyfied

[figure]

Cap. C.xiij.

PIloſus is a beſte like a man on ye vper partes / & ye neder partyes lyke a beſte / and it hath a grimme face with .ij. hornes / And this beſte was taken in oriente & brought in Alexan / dria and ther it dyed and was ſalted & ſent to the emperour Frederyke at Cō ſtan [...]iynople

[figure]

To the Franche kīg of late yeres was ſē te a beſt of this maner of ſhape. it hath a hede like a dogge & all the othere partes of the body lyke a man / and it hath mannis condicyōs & it ete mete yt was [...] handes & ſate an a table wt mānes maners whan he was angred no mā durſte cōme nygh hym / & hys mēbre was greater for his proporcyon than ye bo / dy required ¶Pyrolꝰ is a lytell beſte that gadreth nuttis in the ſomer to lyue on in ye wyntere & it hydeth thē in a holowe tre.. ¶Putorius is a beſte yt ſtynketh ſore and ſpecially whan it is angry / & hathe lyke the graye ſhorter leggis on the one ſyde than on ye other and it breketh the wallis fetcheth out rockis hēnes and chekens and killeth them / and the firſte that it dothe it byteth the hedes of.

Capitulo. c.xiiij. [Page]

[figure]

PEgaſus is a mighty gret beſte & it is in the londe of Ethiope & is formed lyke an horſe wt winges grett than an egle / & it hath gret hornes in [...] hathe a grete bodye & it rōneth very ſwiftely through helpe of his wīges / & it eteth moche & perſecuteth other beſtes very ſore / but it ꝑſecuteth man moſte of all.

Capitulo. Cxv.

A Beſte there is named Pigardꝰ horned & berded lyke a gote / ſomwhat ſmaller than an hert & is like the beſte hircocernus / but nat ſo gret / & is euer in ye wode rōninge very ſwifte.

capitulo. C.xvi.

PIgmeis be men & women & but one cubite longe dwellinge in ye mountaynes of ynde / they be full growen at their third yere & at their ſeuē yere they be olde / & they gader them in may a grete cōpany toged & arme them in theyr beſt maner / and thā go they tothe water ſyde & where ſo euer they fynde any cranes neſtis they breke

[figure]

all the egges & kyll all the yonges ye [...] cranes do them many diſpleaſures & feght with them oftentymes & do thē gret ſcathe / but theſe folke couer their houſes wt the cranes feders & egſhels.

capitulo. Cxvij.

[figure]

[Page] capitulo. C.xvij.

THe fole is the chidle of an hors or mare and it ſucketh long his dā mes tetis. Ariſtotell ſaithe that in the forhede of the fool is founde a thinge yt is named veneſiciū / and the dāme li [...] keth it of / and ſome folke do ſhere it of for ſom ſorcers do their cure therwith & the pace that it hathe in his youthe / the ſame it kepeth gladly in his age.

ca. C.xviij.

[figure]

FLees be bred or they growe out of filthy corners in houſes / and it is a litell blake worme and it byteth ſore whā it is warme or ayenſt rayn / and ſpecyally more be nyght than be daye / whan one wyll take them / they ſpring awaye.

The Operacion.

¶To withdryue the fleen take alſon & ouer rubbe thy bodye euery night / or ellys take thiſtellys or rewe and ſethe that in water and with that water be ſprinkell or waſſhe thy houſe.

Capitulo. C.xix.

[figure]

ALous is a worme wt many fete & it cōmeth out of the filthi and on [...] atendaūce they come [...]ut of the fleſſhe thr [...]ugh the ſkȳne or ſwet holes.

¶To withdryue them / The beſt is for to waſſhe the oftētimes and to chaūge oftentymes clene lynen.

[figure]

[Page] Cap. C.xx.

AN hogge is an vnclene beſte for it taketh pleſure to laye in foule dirte & it whineth ſore / whā an hoge is ſlayne than all the other hoges there about [...]rye & whyne very ſore rōninge togeder on a hepe as if they had compaſſion on others dethe / & as an hoge is of fleſſhe & blode / ſo is man / for mannes fleſſhe hath bene bought & eten in ſtede of porke tyl it hapened ones that the fyngers were founde.

cap. C.xxi.

[figure]

PAder is a ſerpēt ī germania as gret & thicke as a mānes arme on the backe it is grene & vnder ye bely like golde / & is ſo venymoꝰ in blowīge that yf a man hewe a branche from a tre & helde it before this ſerpēt is mouthe / through his venymous blaſte the barke of it ſhall rōne vp ī grete bliſters full of venym / but and ye hold or ſet a bright ſworde before him he wyl clym vp to the poynt of it & kylle himſelfe / & though this worme ſtinge a man on ye fote or ellis where / the venym wil clim vpwardes to the hart & than muſt he dye / but the beſt remedye is for a man yt is ſo ſtinged / to be hanged vp by the heles / than this poyſon wil ronne vpwarde & ther as this poyſon feſteneth muſt a pere of fleſſhe be cut out & heled agayn. Parias is a ſerpent that goth vpright makīge a for ough in his way ¶Nota. Preſtes and aſpis be moche lyke of one condicyon.

Cap. C.xxij.

[figure]

THe frogge dwelleth in moiſt places / & ſome amonge redis & lowe trees / & they be ſmall & grene and can nat crye. And in auguſt ye froges can nat open their mouthes for nothinge

¶The Operacyon.

¶Auicēna. The gall is gode to hele a man of ye worme / growen in his body. Alſo the aſſhes of a frogge layde vnto one that bledeth / ſtancheth the blode. [Page] The frogge dreſſid in oyle and ſalt as it is ſaide / it is the very trewe medecyne for the leprye / the body of the froge that dwelleth vnd the ſtone & ſpecially the fat of it is very gode to make tethe to falle out.

Cap. C.xxiij.

[figure]

RAngiſer is a beſte in the londe of Swedia & norway & it is like an hert / but it is greater & very ſwifte in ronnynge & hath iij. maner of hornes & eche be hīſelfe / but ther be ij. fulcomly growē of v. cubites of heght wt xxv. brāches / in middell of the hede they be flat / & on ye ſides & before they be ſharp wherwt they feght againſt their ennemyes Norſula is a beſte greter than a weſyll / red on the backe & whyte on the bely / it dwelleth in the erthe & dōgeth euer in one place whiche ſmelleth lyke muſke but it hathe nat the vertue. Nor it hathe nat ſuche a ſtrengthe as muſcus hathe.

cap. C.xxiiij.

[figure]

THe ratte is lyke a mouſe / but ſhe is bigger / & there be ij. maner of ratis / a houſe or londe ratte or a water ratte & ſome ſay their tailes be poiſon & whan they be hote & rōne aſſau [...] / thā do they great ſ [...]athe to all thinges ther as they be / & ſpecyally yf their vryne fell on any bare place of a mānes body / it ſhold ete it to the bone & neuer be [...] cauſe it bi [...] many thinges a ſonder ¶Albertus ſaith make a ſmoke ī your houſe of the leſte houe of a moyle & all the rattes ſhall rōne awaye.

cap. C.xxv.

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[Page]

[...]

[Page]

[...]

[Page]REgulus is ye kynge of all ſerpentis & hath feders & wynges with whyte ſpottis on his body / & is a fote & an halfe of length / he ſleeth the fowles & ye people wt his ſight & wt his blaſtes & dwelleth vpon drye ſandye places. Nota. Iareth ſaith / he yt ſeeth or hereth regulus blowe he waxeth by & by full of dropſy & dyeth. & herof we ſhall ſpeke more benethe of baſiliſcus.

Cap. C.xxvi.

[figure]

REynocheron is a beſte yt hathe a necke lyke a horſe & through all his body it is fyrye & flambye & whan it bloweth wt his brethe vpō any man it is ſo hote that he muſt dye ¶Monocheron yt is a vnicorne for it hath but one horne ſtandinge in his forhede & it is ſo ſharp yt what ſo euer it touchet wt his horn it tereth it a ſonder or rōneth it thrugh / & it is a beſte wt iiij. fete feringe nothere yron nor ſtele / & it feghteth oftentymes agaynſt ye oliphant & thurſteth hym in ye beli wt his ſharpe horne & ſo ouercōmeth hym.

Of the Rutela. cap. C.xxvij

[figure]

THe Rutela is lyke a ſpiner & cat [...] maners / ſome be rede and rdwnce / ſome be wythe wt rownde belyes / ſome be roughe and hery / ſome be blacke ſome be lyke waſpis / and ſome be called Egipciaca. and theyr bytinge is very venymous and therof cōmeth great payne in the hede and cauſeth the parſone ſo ſtynged to be very ſlepye / and than commeth the dethe The bath and tyna wtdryueth ye paynes of ye ſtygne for whan the place ſtygned is wet wt tina than the payne wtdraweth / & whā it is taken of than the payne dothe cō me agayne therfore it muſt be alway bathed.

Cap. C.xxviij.

AVenymous beſte is Rubetum and is of the maner of a Frogge This Rubetum is very medecinable for many thynges / but he caſteth his [Page] vertu from him whan he wil & taketh it agayne whan he wyll / but alwaye it kepeth his venym by him.

cap. .xxix.

[figure]

SAlamādra is a venymous beſte [...] a hoge & mired with the face of an ape & it lyueth in the fyre / & it quēcheth the flambe / and it bereth a maner of woll lyke a dōne colour / wherof diuers thinges be wouē yt neuer can be brent / but whā they be fowle than they be caſt in the fyre to be clenſed / this beſte is lene and it hathe but lytell blode.

The operacion

¶The fleſſhe of ye ſee ſnayle and of the froge helpeth agaynſte the venym of the ſalamandra.

Cap. c.xxx.

[figure]

LIke an adder there is a ſerpent and it is named Suara / whan it is olde it waxeth blynde / and than it ronneth againſt a walle towards the eaſt lokinge vpon the vpryſing of the ſōne and therby it geteth ſight again Stello is alſo a maner of an adder the whiche hathe a dedly venym and it is falſe & ſubtile it hateth mā ſore / it hath a longe tayle and a ſmale hede.

Cap. c.xxxi.

[figure]

SAlpiga is a ſerpent that is ſelden ſene / the ſame is named alſo Scitalis and is of many diuers coloures vpon his backe / and is very fatte / it is ſo hote of nature that in the wynt he caſteth his ſkȳne of. ¶Seps is a lytel ſerpent & is ſo full of venȳ that he poyſoneth nat only the fleſſhe of man but alſo the bone. The man that of him is ſtinged conſumeth & melteth to dethe through the great poyſon.

cap. c.xxxij.

[figure]

[Page]

[...] Dypſa as before is ſpecified ¶Spuēs is a ſerpēt that with his ſpewynge or ſpetyll ſleeth them that it falleth on / & this ſerpēt is about .ij. cubites of lengthe & it ſtyngeth a man to deth or it le / ue of. ¶Syraus be ſerpent is in Arabye with wynges and they ronne faſter than an horſe / & ſome ſaye that they flye alſo / & who ſo of theym is bittē or ſtȳged dieth or he fele any payne

Cap. c.xxxiij.

[figure]

SCorpio is a beſte ſemynge hūble hauinge a meke regarde or loke. but in his tayle he hathe a venimous ſtyngue & therwith dothe gret harme vnto man whāne he regardeth hym leſte. it lyueth of ye erth / & in may & auguſt it layeth eggys or a ſubſtāce lyke eggis but they be wormes / & ye moder wille ſomtyme ete thē but they hange behinde her on her leggis & fete & ſo ſaue them ſelfe. ¶A black hoge yt is ſtrickē of this worme muſt nedys dye. & o / ne of another coloure may eſcape but nat alway /

¶The operacion.

The faſtinge ſpetyll of man kylleth ye ſcorpion. ſo dothe the erbe raphana / & the water of it bothe. yf it be layd vpō hym / & though of a mā were ſtynged of him and that he ate raphana ye ſtȳ / [...]

ca. c.xxxiiij.

[figure]

ACnbite longe is yt ſerpent Seta & it is a white / & bothe endes be a lyke thicke at hede and tayle / & it crepeth withe bothe the endes. & this ſerpēt is engendred of a veymous wat & who drīketh of this wat ſhall become [Page] mad & raue / & ſo ende his lyſe wt payn. Sardina is nat rekened amonge the ſerpētis [...] but Soliſuga ſardis crepeth in the graſſe / & wher it lihgtneth vpon there it bringeth a ſekenes.

Cap. c.xxxv.

[figure]

SPoliator colubri is a worme with agoldē colour & though it be ſmal & weke yet it can ouercom a ſnake for whan it ſeeth the ſnake lay in ye ſonne than it crepeth vp at the tayle & ſo to ye hed / but than he claweth him ſoftly be the hede / & or he be ware he feſtneth ſo harde in his hede that ye ſnake with al his might can nat ſhake him of / & this worme ſleeth him & than eteth his fyll of him. This worme is lyke vnto the ſterre / for it ſhyneth moſte be night & it cōmeth neuer forthe but whan it is a great rayne abydynge fayre wedder this worme quencheth the fyre lyke a plate afyce / and yf a mannes body be touched or meued with ye donge of this beſte or worme / all the here of his body ſhall fall out.

Cap. c..xxxvi

[figure]

Talpa ye moll is a litell blake blind beſte that cōmeth of the erth / & it hathe a ſoft ſkȳne yt is hery / & it liueth of the wormes in the groūde / but whā it ſuffreth grete hunger than it eteth. erthe

The Operacion

¶A moll brent to aſſhes & that tempe [...] [...] the face helpeth the leprye / his blode enoyted vpon a place wher as the here is fallen out cauſeth it to growe again the aſſhes of it ſtrewed vpō a fiſtule cō ſumeth all the filthy ordour therof.

[figure]

[Page] Cap. c.xxxvij.

A Bull is a ſtronge beſte & humble & companable amonge other beſtes & he feghteth ſore with the hornes & becauſe he is ſtrōge of all the partis of his body / therfore he is ſett to ye ploghe for to labour like an horſe.

The Operacion.

The horne of ye bull with dryueth ye ſerpentes & ſo dothe ye blode. and clenſeth the ſpotes in the face ¶the gall wt honi and baume is good for the iyen. ¶the ſepum with roſen & waxe ſoupleth all hardnes of byles / & ſuche like his dōge aſwageth all ſwellinges. ¶ye gall wt the ſtynkinge burgall menged to ged heleth bothe wounde and marke

Cap. c.xxxviij

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TArandus is a beſt as grat as an oxe & hath a hede lyke an hert wt braunched hornes & the ſkinne of hys backe is ſo hard that ſome men make breſte plates of it / & it hathe the coloure of all maner of flores of the trees and erbes there as he haūteth or hydeth hī ſelfe & therfore he can nate lightely be fownden of the place that he is in.

Cap. c.xxxix.

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IT is a gray taxus as befor hath ben ſpoken of & his left legges be ſhorter than his right / therfore he can nat rēne ſwiftli except he be in a foroughe & his her is hard & coloured bothe [...] and he ſtandeth vpright vpon his hinder fete and defendeth hymſelfe wt his tethe and forfete agaynſt ye howndes and ye foxe begyleth hī alſo / for whā he hath made his hole and is ones out of the way the fore commeth and layeth his donge in ye entre of his hole / & whā the gray cōmeth agayn he may nat abyde ye ſtenche & than he leueth his hole & the foxe bydeth in poſſeſcyon

Operacion.

The ſewer or greſe is very medecina / ble for the paynes in ye kidney and as ye mone groweth ſo groweth his fatte as the mone groweth more & laſſe ſo is he fatte & lene accordinge to ye ſeſon of ye mone. The brayne as Eſculapius ſayth tēpered with oyle and therwith enoyted heleth man of many paynes ¶ye coddis dreſſe with hony quickeneth man to naturell luſt

Cap. c.xl.

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A B [...]e is tragelaphus & lyke [...] hert & it hath a berd lyke a gote & they be by ye wat pheſin. ¶Trogodita is a beſte yt hath longe croked horne cōminge ouer his face or mouth ye whiche lettethe hym of his mete / but whā he wyll ete than he ſetteth hys necke awry and ſo eteth with grete payne.

Cap. c.lxi.

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A Wode worm is tere do that is nothinge ſtronge nor grete / & engē dred of corrupcion of the ayre / & it is betwene the barke & the tree & ther it do the oftentymes grete ſcathe & ſpecialli whan the wode is hewen in on ſeſonable tyme or that the tre where plāted at a full mone.

Ca. c.xlij.

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THe Motte bredethe amonge clothes tyll that they haue byten it a ſonder / & it is a maniable worm and yet it hydeth him in ye clothe that it can ſcantly be ſene / & it bredethe gladly in clothes that haue ben ī an euyll ayre or in a rayn or myſt & ſo layde vp with out hanging in the ſonne or other ſwete ayre after.

The Operacyon

The erbes that be bitter & well ſmellī ge is good to be layde amōge ſuche clothes / as the baye lenis cypres wode.

Cap. c.xliij.

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TIrus is a ſerpēt be the cite [...] rico and perſecuteth ſore the fowles and their egges and eteth them / & of this ſerpēt is made gode tryacle for all maner of venymes / ſom ſaye that before the paſſion of our ſauiour criſte this ſerpent had no vertue / but whan our ſauyour was crucifyed as it fortuned there laye one be the way nat far frome the croſſe / ſo one toke it vp and caſt it at the croſſe / and there it abode hangynge on the one ſyde of our lorde & euer ſyns all thoſe ſerpētis Tygris haue had the fornamed vertu againſt all maner of other poyſones / But yet agaynſt his owne poyſon he dothe no remedy at all.

Cap. c.xliiij.

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TIgris is a very meruelous curſey beſte and it hathe many ſpottes / and it is meruelous ſwift and full of rauynge / and whan his yonges be taken frome him / than he foloweth ye hunter but his yonges be taken from him euery yere comonly.

Cap. c.xlv.

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[Page]A Maner of ſerpent is Tortuca yt hath no venym of all the tyme yt he lyueth / but after his dethe as Ambroſiꝰ ſayth. If any man trede on his kidney wt his bare fete he ſholde there by be empoyſoned / & it is .ij. fote longe & it hath a hede lyke a tode / & a tayle lyke a ſcorpion. & .ij. herde ſheliys on his body ſo that it ran nat lightely be ſlayne with harde ſtrokis / & it layth egges like an hēne / but they may nat be eten & theſe that be ſpoken of be in ye water but there be on the erth ſome alſo that hath no venym & they be eten of man ¶Tarāte is a ſmale ſerpent & who ſo he ſtīgeth ſhall haue great payne / and excepte triacle hym he muſt dye in the payne

Cap. c.xlvi.

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VIpera is a ſerpent that hathe a ſmothe brode hede / a litell ſmale necke & a ſhort tayle / & they betakē of them that make medecines towardes the ende of maye. In ye winter [...] he Vipera out of his hele or denne & rubbeth his iyen agaynſte a fenell ſt [...]ke & therwith ſhe geteth bright iyen / The vryne of a man ſpylt vpon the bitte or ſtīgne of vipera is very medecinable

The Operacion.

Diaſcorides ſaith The fatte of vipera tempered with cedr [...]a [...] me [...] anto / and with olde [...]ye a lyke moche in weght helpeth the darke ſight of man. Plinius Vipera is good for all maner of ſerpētis bittes. and his ſkinne that he putteth of dreſſed in the wyne heleth the payne of the teth. and ye iyen and his gre [...]e taketh away the darkeneſſe of the iyen

Cap. c.xlvij.

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VRus is a wilde bulle and he is ſo ſtronge thate he thruſteth greet trees to ye groūde / and will bere an armed man away vpon his hornes and they be moche in the montaynes [Page] ¶Heliuandus ſaith that in the great wylde foreſtis of Germania be ſuche bulles and thei be ſomwhat leſſe than an oliphant and they be very ſtronge and ſwifte in rōnynge and ſpare nouther man nor beſte and they that wyll haue theym make great pittes in the groūd and couer them with thin gere & whan they go ouer theſe pittes they fall in thē & than the hūters ſle them.

ca. c.xlviij.

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VRſus the bere is a fell beſte & his body is of euyll ſhape / they lay al the winter ſtill hidden / & than he layth ſtill ſucking of his fote wherof he waxeth ſo wonders fatt that he can nat almoſt go / and the beres take eche other in their armes or leges like men and women & ſlepe all the firſt fortnight.

¶The operacion.

¶Yſaac ſaith the beris fleſſhe is lymy & euyll to be etyn / but it is gode for me deeynes / the fatteſt is beſt / & his grece doth cauſe here to growe.

ca. c.xlxix.

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VNcia is an angry beſte / & lyke a dogge / but lōger bodied / & is to hī his mete yt he [...]eteth he [...] on a [...] it [...]hāgeth it on a b [...]aūthe & ſo eteth it / if man fortune of them to be bitten whan they rōne aſſaute / thā com many myſe about him & piſſe on it / & than at ye laſt he muſt dye.

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[Page] Capitulo. c.l.

VVlpis / ye foxe is a fals wily beſte & hathe moche here with a grete tayle / ſome ſay that he neuer maketh his hole hīſelfe / but poſſeſſith the holes of the graye as before is ſpecified in ye forty chapt. The hūters deſyre more the ſkynne than fleſſhe.

The Operacion

¶The foxe ſoden in oyle olyue / & that occopyed for the knottes comen of the goute / and if he be ſoden in water thā it withdryueth ye paynes in ye ioȳtes.

capitulo. c.li

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THe Vnycorne is a ſtronge beſte and can nat lightely be taken be no meaners / but yet ſome ſay yt they ye hūte him ſet maydēs in the place that they hunt in / & in the chaſinge whan it ſeeth the mayde / to her it rōneth and layeth the hede in the maydens lappe forgetinge all ye chaſe / & than come the hunters and take her without endred for ſhe ſlepis in the maydens lappe for ioye of her virginite / And whan it wakeneth and fyndeth himſelfe taken of the hunters than dyeth this beſte for very great pride / and the horne of htis beſte is four fote longe and is very coſtely & is a preſeruacyon for many maner of poyſons.

Cap. c.lij.

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THe ape is a beſte hauinge many likneſſes vnto man / hauīge her breſtis before contrary to all other beſtes & hath handes & fete to ocopye like man or womā but his nature is wt the face dounwardes & mānes towardes heuen / the ape is euer going from one place to another. ¶Plinius ſaith that in Inde be apes that be all whyte. & ye ape plaieth gladly with yonge chylderen / but if he ſawe his tyme he wolde wory them. It hath alſo a natural vnderſtādinge & they dwell in hye trees & they that wyll take thē bringe yong children to the wode wher ye apes be & put ſhone on their fete & make thē faſt in preſens of the apes yt be on ye trees & than put thē of & leue them there & go a ſyde / & thā cōmeth the apes downe & put on thoſe ſhone & ſo they be taken.

[Page]¶Thus is ended the firſt parte of this preſent volume wherin we haue treated to the lawde and prayſe of almighty god of ye beſtis and wormes on erthe with their properties & vertues / And nowe I ſhall treat to you of the birdes of the ayre and of their nature and properties the whiche be created of our ſauiour cryſt Ihū whom I call to my helpe in all my beſines that he wyll geue me grace to treat of this mater a right.

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§

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¶Of the generacyon of the birdes in the ayre.

DAyly to vs is ſhewed ye graces of almighti god wherof we ought to geue laudes & thankes to his glorious godhed for his Infenyte goodnes and vnderſtandynge that he hath ſhaped in mankynde to haue a parfyte & redy knowlege of all erthly thīges as it is to be perceiued be this preſent volume and ſeconde Boke where as we fynde written of the generacion of the birdes or fowles of the ayre as here after enſueth. ¶Ye ſhall vnderſtande yt dyuers Byrdes laye theyr egges but ones in the yere / as birdes that leue be [...] [...] kes Go [...]hawkes Fawcons and ſuche lyke. Some there be that lay their egges dyuers tymes / and bredeth often as downes or howſe hēnes / and thoſe leue often tymes but a ſhorte ſeaſon & this is the cauſe / for the mete that they ere is moſte parte chaunged or turned into ſperma or nature / and of the ſperma of the hēnes be formed the egges / wherof the moyſteſt parte is chaūged to the whyte of the egge / and the drieſt or erthy parte becōmeth yelowe and rownde / and layeth in the myddes of the egge and is the yolke. And therto dothe the cocke geue the ſemynall or ye frutfull ſpretes / and without the company of the cocke the egges be on frutfull / For diuers tymes the hēnes doth laye egges without to doynge of any thinge / or beſpringinge of any hēne or kyſſinge or ſmellynge of any cocke / or blaſte of the Sothern wynde / and all thoſe be but wynd egges and on frutefull. And the hēne deſyreth nat ſo moche cōuerſacion as the cocke doth / and therfor is one cocke ſufficient amonge many hennes ¶Nota.

¶The whyte of the egge is moyſte & warme / and therin is repēded the fruteful ſprete of the cocke thrugh the hete whan the hēne ſitteth on the egges / & it is changed on the thirde day or there about / For in the whyte of the egge be the ſharp ende ſemeth a drope of blode and therof is made the hart of the cheken / withī x. days al the lȳmes be made & therof is the hede greteſt / And in the other x. dayes be the lȳmes ſtretched and expreſly ordeyned and beginneth to quicken & bere lyfe thrugh the grace of almyghty god [...] in the ſhell it hathe the hede vpon the right fote / & the right wynge couereth the hede / But they come firſt into the worlde with the fete out at the ſharpe ende of the egge / And out of the longe egges come the cockes / And out of the ronde egges come the hennes.

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¶Ambroſiꝰ ſaith in exameron in ye fifte boke & xxij. chapter. That nature geueth to ſome birde ſharꝑ ſight the one thā the other as vnto the grypinge byrdes / becauſe that they a far of ſhold ſe & knowe theyr mete. ¶And they that fle alowe be [Page] the grounde haue darker ſight / & they be nerer to their mete / & the birdes haue no tethe / & therfore nature hathe geuen theim nebbes. And the grypinge fowles haue croked bylles & croked clawes to tear the fleſſhe a ſonder. And ye water fowles haue brode bylles to take the fiſſhes in the water / and brode cloſe fete for to ſwȳme. And they occopye their wynges to fle / and their tayl to ſtere them where as they wyll be / & the byrdes do neuer pyſſe / For they do drynke but lytell / and it tourneth into their feders / There be dyuers maner of byrdes that be vnknowen and alſo that be nat in the memory.

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¶Of the thre partes or regions of the ayre.

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HErauſe that we ſhold ſhewe here of the birdes of the ayre I wyll firſt wryte vnto you of the plaſes or regyons of ye ayre and howe many regions ther be wherin they be ſuported. Ye ſhall vnderſtande that the ayre is deuyded in thre partes or regions of the ayre / As firſt the hyeſt / the mydel moſte / and the loweſt. The vpermoſte Region of the ayre is be the courſe and elemēt of the fyre / & is warme of the firye elementis and the ſterres / & that element is pure lyke the fyre / and in that hyeſt regyon it is very ſtyll & ther is nouther wȳde nor rayne as it hathe be proued of thē that hathe bene on mountaynes that reched into the hyeſt Elemente or Re / gion of the ayre / and on the hyeſt place of one of thoſe moūtaynes they wrote letters in the ſonde & went their waye and come agayne at the yeres ende & founde thoſe letters as perfyte and ful comly made as they were at the fyrſt houre yt they were writen in ye ſande.

Of the ſeconde element or Region of the ayre.

THe mydelmoſte Region is very farre frome the firye Regyon or element ſo that it can take no hete of it And it is alſo to farre frome the erthe ſo that it can take no hete of the radies or ſoūe beames / and it is a place full of darkenes & tempeſt / And alſo a dwel / lynge place of a parte of thoſe fendes & euyll ſpretis that fell with Lucifer out of the kyngdome of heuen / and ther is engendered the watery impreſſyous as ſnowe / rayne / hayle / & ſuche lyke.

Of the thirde element or Region of the ayre.

THe loweſt region or parte of the ayre is layd be the water and be the erth / and that parte is lighted and warmed through the bright ſhinyng of the ſon̄e / and that fortuneth more ye one tyme than the othe accordynge to the ſeaſons of the yere.

Capitulo. Primo.

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[Page]THe Egle is a byrde wyth ſharpe talentis / yt whiche hath a ſharpe ſight / & he flieth of a mighti heght aboue the watery clowdes ſo hye that no man can ſe him / yet whan he is at his moſte heght than ſeeth he the fiſſhes ī ye water / & as ſone as he ſpyeth thē / thā deſcendeth he as ſwyft as an arowe out of a bowe & gripeth that fiſſhe out of the water and bringheth it vpon ye ſtronde / & whan he is in his neſt thā loketh he in the radies or ſonne beames & techeth his yonges to loke vpon it alſo / And they that can̄e nat loke vpon it / them he putteth frome him wt great on worthines out of the neſt / and he kepeth alway one neſt / & that maketh he vpon ye hyeſt tre yt he can finde for fear of euyll beſtis / ſerpētis / & other fowles that myght do thē harme whilſte they be yōge & he defendeth thē tyll they be able to defende themſelfe / whan ye egle a farre of ſeeth the ſerpēte than ſhe deſcendeth raſhly & feſteneth with his ta / lētis & teryth it a ſonder and eteth it & alſo he deuydeth the poyſon a parte & ſleeth it and putteth him ſelfe in perill for his yonges. In the north partyes of the world be grete Egles / & they lay almay .ij· egges as before is ſayd in ye toppe of the hyeſt tre yt they can fynde and fleeth ou [...] and taketh an hare or a foxe and bereth it to hys neſt & plucketh of alle ther here be ſmale peces & couereth his egges therwith & leueth them tyll they burſt out of theyr owne nature / and than ye damme cōmeth & bredeth them vp & fedeth them til theī be able to gete theyr mete them ſelfe & whan the egle is olde than flyeth he aboue all ye clowdes in the hete of ye ſonne / and there is his ſight ſharpened & refreſſhed / & with that here fleeth he in a colde water / and there he baptyſeth hym ſelfe .iij. tymes in yt water / & from thens fleeth he vp to his neſt by his yō ges / and than he plucketh out all hys feders and his yōges fetche him mete and fedeth hȳ tyl that he be renewed and hys feders agayne growen / and whan the eggle hathe brought vp her yonges that they can flee & gete theyr leuynge than he dryueth them away from hym as farre as he can / becauſe they ſholde nat lete him of his pray or mete

The Operacion

The gall of ye egle tempered wt honi heleth ye darkenes of the iyen. The iyen enoynted wt the brayn or with the gal and [...] honye / gyueth to the iyen a / gayne the brightnes of the [...]ight

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[Page]AChatus is an on knowen byrde & he is named to be one of ye byrdes of paradyſe nat yt he cometh from paradyſe / but becauſe that he is ſo faire. for there is no colour but he hathe a parte of it & ſingeth ſo ſwereli & ſo louī gly that he wold meue any man to deuocyon and ioye. & whan he is takē in bondage thā it ſigheth lyke a man tyl it be agayne at his fre libertie. and he dwelleth gladly about the water of nilus / & he is foūde nowhere ellys There be alſo byrdes in thoſe quarters of the quantyte of a choghe & of a pale rede coloure / and they be named byrdes of the paradyſe alſo ¶Aurifrigus is a byrde hauīge one cloſe fore / & another open wt grypinge talentys / & he cōpaſſeth lōge fleynge about in the ayre tyl that he ſe ſome fiſſhe in ye water / than falleth he ſodenly down vpon ye fiſſhe wt his open fote with the longe talētis gripinge the fiſſhe ryght ſtrōgly / and with the other fote he defendeth hym from the peryll of the water ſwīmīge to the ſocoure of the clouen fote.

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Cap. iij.

AChantis is a lytel birde / & whan it hath yonges / it hathe euer .xij. togeder & it eteth ye erbes of the groūde & therfore it hateth horſes & kyne yt bite & ete his mete / and this birde foloweth his ennemyes to be reuenged / Iſidorꝰ ſaith he dothe therto his beſt.

Cap. iiij.

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ANcipiter is a goſhawke / and he is of foure maners. The firſt is this / great of body and wyll be ſone tamed / and hathe a luſty coūtenauce wt great fete and longe talentis / and it fereth nat to ſet agaynſt no byrde. The ſeconde is ſmaller & hathe great iyen & ſhorte talētis / & is nat lightely tamed / the fyrſt & ſeconde yere he is but lytell worth / but the thirde yere he is gode & dothe very well and is named Alietū. or in Englyſſhe a Taſſell goſhawke. [Page] The third is named niſus or a ſparow hawke & is yet ſmaller / it is ſwift and ſone tamed & made to the game. The fourth is the ſmaleſt of thē & is named a muſket / and they be al lyke. The goſhawke is of that property yt yf he take a birde ouer night whā he braūcheth himſelfe to reſt / that kepeth he in his talentis all the night / & on the mornīg he letteth it fle agayn / and thouhg he met wt theſame birde agayn himſelfe hauinge gret hunger yet of all yt daye he wyl nat touche him / & of all ye birdes that he taketh he couyteth the harte.

The Operacion.

¶The goſhawke ſoden in roſe water is the beſt medetyne for all diſeaſes of the iyen that therwt be enoynted / Alſo his dounge brent to aſſhes & mix [...]ed wt [...] hony is gode for the ſame. Eſculapius ſaith the ſewet or gre [...]e of this tempered wt oyle wtdriueth the darkenes of the iyen.

Cap. v.

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ARiophilon is a noble birde and it is gretter than an Egle / bothe ſtronge and ſwyft in flighte with pale red feders and a longe tayle / a croked nebbe / and great legges / he is moſte parte of the tyme in the bryghtnes of the ayre / and it is very ſelden ſene on the erthe / and he fleeth ſo hye that no man can ſe hym / and he geteth his mete in the ayre / a birde that he meteth in in the ayre eſcapeth nat lyghtely his clawes / and whan this birde is yonge ſomtyme he is takē and tamed to the game as an hawke. This bird taketh kyddes and fawnes of hertes and tereth them a ſonder with his clawes & comonly they flee two togeder & what they gete they parte it betwene them gentilly for it is gentyll of kynde.

Capitulo .vi.

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ALauda the larke is a lytel birde & wt euery man well be knowen [Page] through his ſonge / in ye ſomer yt begȳ neth to ſinge in the dawning of ye day geuynge knowlege to the people of ye cominge of the daye and in fayre weder he reioyſeth ſore / but whā it is rayne weder than it ſingeth ſelden / he ſingeth nat ſittinge on the grownde nouther / but whan he aſſendith vpwarde he ſyngeth mereli / & in the deſcending it falleth to the grownde lyke a ſtone.

The Operacion.

The larkes fleſſhe hardeneth the beli and the brothe of hym that he was ſo / den in ſlaketh the beli

Agochiles is a great byrde in ye orient partyes / and they mylke ye gotes / fore they flee gladly be the groūd wher ye gotes go a graſynge / & they haue bro / de billes and therwyth they ſucke the demes of the gotes / and aft that they geue no more mylke / & this byrde layeth .ij. or .iij. eggis. and Pliniꝰ ſayth yt the gotes become blind of the ſucking of this birde / & ſo this beſt is deſtroyed

Cap. vij.

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ALietus is a ſybbe to the egle and cauſeth his yonges to loke in the ſonne / and they that can nat loke in ye ſonne he caſteth them out of the neſte. and whan he is on hye in the ayre he hathe ſo ſharpe a ſight that he ſeeth a fiſſhe in the water and than he deſcendeth haſtely and gripeth it / & ſo dothe he other birdes in the ayre & therof heueth

Cap. viij.

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AMbroſius ſayth that alcion is a byrde of the ſee and layth his egges on the ſee ſtronde and in ye middes of the winter whā the waues ſtryke moſte perillouſly / than fleeth he to his eggis and ſitteth vpon them / and by & by ye ſee waxeth ſmothe / and he fitteth vij. dayes on his eggis and in that ſpace be his eggis hatched & thā he fedeth them in other vij. dayes / and as longe as he hatcheth or fedeth his birdes / ſo longe is the ſee ſmothe & well tēpered in thoſe partyes and the ſhyppes ſayle to and fro wtout any daūger / & this byrde only bredeth in the wynt and ſo dothe none other byrde▪ and hys neſte [Page] can nat be hewed a ſond wt a ſword nor pron / but it may be broken a ſonder

Cap. ix.

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ANas the ducke. ye male or malarde of the ducke hath a hede and necke grene and a brode bille / the wȳ ges of different colours as whyte grene and blacke. & he hath a whyte rynge aboute his neck / this byrde can nat lyue well without water / & ſpecially whan they haue eten any drye mere. & whan there be many malardes and but one ducke than they kill the ducke thrugh theyr operacion of nature / for they ſpringe vp vpon the ducke one after another / & her ionges be ſo quicke yt as ſone as they cōme out of theyr ſhelles that thoughe the dāme were dede they ſhold helpe thē ſelfe well ynough

The Operacion.

Plinius. The blode of the malarde is good for to ſtaūche the flixe. The ducke maketh a clere voyce & cauſeth mā to lay gladdly in the armes & geueth hȳ the ſede of nature / & the ſewet is of it very good to ſouple all maner of pay / nes in the bodi of man.

Cap. x.

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THe Gooſe is a birde as great as an egle & the wilde geſe flee lyke as the cranes dothe all in ordre / and like as the wynde bloweth ſo they flee eaſtwaerde. and they reſt very ſelden excepte it be whan they do eat / & they reioyce ſo ſore in their fleynge yt they ſlepe but ſeldē. And cōtrary that nature be the tame geſe for thei be heuy in fleinge gredi at their mete & diligent to theyr reſt / & they crye the houres of yt night & therwith they fere ye theues In the hillis of alpis be geſe as great nere hāde as an oſtriche they be ſo heuy of body that they can nat flee & ſome take them with theyr hande

The Operacion

Auicēna The goſe fleſſh is very groſe of nature in diſieſtion. Goſe gre [...]e heleth the cleſes ī the face & in the lippis that cometh of cold / alſo it ſoupleth very well all maner of harde ſwellīges thorough the ſwetenes of it

Cap. xi.

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[Page]

ARdeolais a bird that fleeth veri ſtrongly & whan it fleeth hye in the ayre that betokeneth fowle tempeſtyous weder / whan theſe birdes ſhal engender than cryeth the he for theſhe tyll the blode ſtert out of his iyen / and ſome ſay that they haue but one iye. ¶Ardea is a byrde that fetcheth his mete in ye water & yet he byldeth vpō the hyeſt trees that he can. This birde defendeth his yonges from ye goſhawke caſtinge his doūge vpon him / & thā the fedders of the goſhawke rote of ye dounge of ardea as far as it touchet Azalon is a litell byrde that breketh ye egges of ye rauē / & the foxe wyll alway take the yonges of thys byrde / whā ye rauē eſpyeth this he helpeth ye foxe as cōtrary his ennemye / & thys birde ly / ueth of the thyſtell wherfore it hateth the aſſe becauſe heeteth ye leuys & floures of ye thiſtell wherby it leueth

Cap. xij.

THe Bee is a lytell byrde yt hathe bothe wynges fete and tethe / bothe and they be gladly in ſwete ayres. and they be very diligent in theyr operacions. and amōge them all they choſe a kinge / but nat to be ſubiect to him

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but they dare nat flee tyll yt theyr kȳg flee before theim as a leder or a gouernour And the bees haue eche a differēt operacion / and theyr operacion hathe no certentye / ſome ſouke the flores / ſome gader the dewe / of this they make hony and waxe wherewith is ſerued both god & mā / & they be euer redy to worke in ſeaſon of the yere whan it is fayre weder

Cap. .xiij.

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[Page]BAſiliſcus is to vndſtande as a kȳ ge of ſerpentis / for all other ſerpē tes fle from hym / for wyth hys brethe he ſleeth them / alſo if he ſe man or woman he ſleeth them wt his fight / there may no birde paſſe by hym they muſt nedys dye. Auicēna ſayth yt he ſleeth with his crye aſwell as with his ſight & he ſaith that he cryeth & he hath a croked byll lyke a cocke / & he is .ij. ſhafmō tes longe with a ſharp hede & rede iyē & where it cōmeth it brēneth all ye graſſe vp ſaue only aboute his hole or denne there it is nat bront. Some ſay yt he cōmeth of a cockes egge for whan a cocke becometh olde than he layeth an egge without any ſhale but it hath a ſkine that is very toughe / but thys egge muſte laye in warme doūge for there it ſhold lay warme / and than belenght of tyme ther ſholde come a cheken of it and that ſholde haue a tayle lyke an adder / and that other parte of the body lyke the cocke Some ſay that a ſerpent or [...]ode bredeth out this egge but therof is no certentye but it is red in olde bokes that it cōmeth of a cockiſ egge. This ſerpent is ouercōmen by ye weſell which is a litell beſte. yet ye baſiliſcus ronneth away frome hȳ & the weſell perſecuteth hȳ to deth & ſleeth hym.

Cap. xiiij.

BArliata is a byrde that groweth out of ye wode / and ſome ſay that it is wode of abieta that ſtandeth vpō the ſee ſtronde the whiche falleth oftē tymes in the water & that roteth / and yt rotē wode geueth a groſe humoure of the whiche cōmeth a lytell byrde as moche as a larke / and they hāge with

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the nebbe on the wode / and they flete thorough the ſee ſo longe tyll that thei fall of. Philozophus ſayth that it is well knowen in Germania that thys byrde cōmeth without any generaciō yet he fleeth as other birdes dothe

Cap. xv

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THe Biſtarda is a birde as great as an egle of ye maner of an egle and of ſuche colour ſaue in ye winges & [Page] in the tayle it hath ſome white feders he hath a croked byll & longe talants. and it is ſlowe of flight / & whā he is on the grownde than muſt he ryſe .iij. or iiij. tymes or he can come to any fulle flight. he taketh his mete on the erth for .v. or .vi. of them togeder be ſo bold that they feſten on a ſhepe & tere hȳ aſonder & ſo ete the fleſſhe of him / & this birde doth ete alſo of dede beſtes & ſtinkyn caryon and it eteth alſo graſſe & grene erbes / & it layth his eggis vpon the groūde & bredeth thē out the while that ye corne groweth on the felde. Sonoſa is a birde ī germania & hath blacke fleſſh wtout / but wtin it is very white & veri ſwete / and the male & female of thoſe byrdes engend in this maner the male cōmeth rōninge wt an open mouth therin hauinge ſpetyll & than cōmeth ye female & receyueth the ſame and than ſhe layth eggis and brȳgeth forth yonge byrdes

Cap. xvi.

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BVbo is an Owle dwellynge in ye churches & he drinketh out the oyle of ye lampes & ſuppeth vp the doues egges / & wt this birde be other birdes taken / & whā other byrdes feght agaȳſt him thā falleth he on his backe & defendeth hȳ with his clawes or ta / lents / & the rauen eteth ye egges of the owle at myd none / & the owle eteth hiſ egges at myd nyght / & this birde is hated of all other byrdes

The Operacion.

Auicenna. The blode of an owle is good for the diſeaſe named aſmatike & ſo is his fleſſhe & the brothe that it is ſoden in. The hart of him layde at ye one ſyde of a womans backe principally on her lefte ſyde ſhe ſhall than tell alle that ſhe hath done

Capitulo .xxvij.

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BVteus is ſybbe to ye goſhawk but he is ſōwhat blacker / and he is ſlowe of flight / & he geteth hys mete by ſubteltye / and hys fleſſhe is ſwete of ſauour

[Page]Butorius orbittor hath longe legges / a longe necke / & a longe ſharpe bylle he dwelleth by the water amōge rede or ſegge / and heeteth gladly fiſſhe & for to take them he ſtādeth vnder the ſha / dowe of a tree by the waterſyde. and he cryeth maruelouſly lyke a trompe ¶Botaurꝰ is a byrd that putteth his bill in the erthe and he cryeth lyke an oxe / and the damme fedeth her ionges vnder her wynges & his byll is longe

Cap. xviji.

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BIbones be the wormes & flyes yt growe of ye newe wynes. ¶Blata is a worm & flye yt may nat ſuffer ye light / & it is moſt beſy be night / & who ſo taketh it wt his hāde it ſtayneth his hāde / & they be ennemies vnto ye bees

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Capitulo .xix.

CAntarides be lytell beſtes & wormes that be foūde in ye ſtrawe of the corne the while that the corne groweth / they be ſlayns wt vynegre / and a lytell of theſe takē in drinke cauſeth moche water to be made / and yf there be many taken in drinke it will hurte the bladd & make a man to piſſe blode

The Operacyon

This worme Cātarides is tēpered wt oyntmentis that be made for mangynes or ſcabbes / & the beſt of theſe wormes be fownde in ye lōge where ſtraw & they that haue thē kyll them in this maner They put them ī a newe erthē pott & cloſe it with a lynen clothe & holde the pott ſo ouer warme vinegre tyl that they be all dede / & ſo muſt ye do wt a worm named [...]oſeſtis / for thei bothe be of one vertue. & the beſte of theſe be they that haue many colours & many ſtrypes in theyr wīges / & theſe rubbe in peces with moſtard ſede & therwith enoynted cauſeth here for to growe. This mixed with oyle tyll it be thicke heleth impoſtumes of cancres. Thys worme cauſeth ye womens diſeaſe for to come / & it ſleeth the frute. and they that haue payne in the bladder geue them ſome of it in theyr drynke

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[Page]PLinius ſayth that about the hill of caſini the people yt there dwelleth hath great ſcathe of the hay ſprengers for they ere vp theyr corne & ſede. & the god Iupit dyd ſende to deſtroye thē a byrde named zelātides / & ſins no man can tell wher they become / & this ſayth Albertus alſo

Cap. xxi

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CAladryus as Ariſtoti. ſayth is a birde whyte of colour & hath no blacke ſportis vpon him. his donge heleth the darkenes of the iyen. And theſe birdes were wont to be moche in kī ges & noble prīces courtes / for be this byrd whā they were ſeke they knewe whether they ſholde lyue or dye. as ſone as this byrd ſeeth one that ſhal dye he turneth his hede about from ye ſeke body / but yf he ſe that he ſhalle eſcape than this byrde turneth him toward this ſeke body and taketh all his ſeke / nes from hym and ſpredeth it abrode in ye ayre / & the ſeke bodis heleth / and this byrde is oftētymes ſeke for the ſeke body / & dyeth for ye ſeke bodyes ſake but he flieth in ye ayre and ſprdeth it abrode / and burneth it. Alexander fo [...]d theſe byrdes in the londe of Perſie

Capitulo .xxij.

[figure]

A Capon is a ionge cock gelded becauſe it ſholde ye bett fede & fattē.

The Operacon

The brayne of hym is good to be dronke wt wyne for the flixe. Plinius

Caprimulgus is a byrde a ſmoche as a thruſſhe or ſomwhat bigger / & bredeth in the mountaynes / and is ſeldē ſeue by daye / but by nyght it hathe ſo ſharpe ſight & it is a nyght theſe for be nyght he cometh in to the ſtalles amō ge gootes & kyddes / and there thei ſucke the gootes & than the gootes waxe blinde and drye of theyre mylke

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[Page] Cap. xxiij.

CArduelis is a litell birde named a thiſtell fyntche / for it lyueth of thiſtell and chardys / & it hath a yelow body and a rede hede

Cap. xxiiij.

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CArabdriō is a cryenge byrde & almoſt as ſmale as a larke / and it ſingeth very well & it counterfayteth the ſonge of all other byrdes that it dothe here / and though it be in a [...]age it maketh a maruelous melodye and it ſingeth al the daye longe

Cap. xxv

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A Flyenge harte is in maner and ſybbe to the creketh & this fleeth moſte towardes nyght and maketh great noyſe wt his flienge. and it hath longe hornes that be medecynable. & thoſe hornes be bright and braūched. and it lyghteth by night / and though the hede be of yet it lyueth longe with out bodi & the body alſo without hede but the body lyueth nat ſo longe as ye hede

Cap. xxvi.

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CIcade that is a graſhop yt liueth bi the dewe / and they be of .ij. maners / ye one be of ye ſmaleſt and they lyue longeſt / & they ſinge but very ſoftli but ye other ſingeth lowde / & ye he of bothe theſe crekettis ſingeth / & the ſhe ſingeth nat. And in the oriēt partyes the people eteth them. theſe graſhoppes be firſt wormes & gete wīges aftwardes & ī the ſtede of a mouth it hath a lytell tōge and licketh the dewe and ther by it lyueth.

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[Page] Cap. xxvij.

A Storke is a byrde wt whyte and black feders / & it clappeth wyth his byll & maketh gret noyſe / and he is mortall ennemye of the ſerpentes. for he eteth thē & other venymous beſtes alſo but he eteth no todes excepte great hūger dryue him to it / and in the londe of theſſaly who ſo ſleeth a ſtorke muſt nedys dye hȳ ſelfe as yff he had ſlayne a man. & theſe byrdes renewe eueri yere theyr neſte / & whan theyr iō ges be full growen & federed thā they caſte one of their ionges out of the neſt for a tribute vnto ye lorde of the groūde and ſome ſay that they geue it god for the tythe / & therfore in the lond of Turingia where as ther is no tythe geuē ther they cometh nat.

Solinꝰ ſayth

The ſtorkes be alſo cle [...]e of leuynge lyke man and wyfe ought to be. For it is ſhewed in an example that ther ware ones .ij. ſtorkes that bylded on a lordes place / and whā the cocke of thē flewe out for mete than there cōme another cocke be his henne / & had of her his will and flewe awaye and thā ſhe flewe downe from the howſe in ye courte where as was a fontayne with water & waſſhed frome her the ſpot of ye ſȳ ne that ſhe had done wt ye ſtraūge ſtorke / the lorde ſeynge oftentimes & maruayled ſore of it / and at the laſt he waited her whan ſhe had done that dede agayne & thoughte to waſſhe her / and he put her frome her purpoſe that ſhe moſt nedis fle to her neſt agayn or her make come / and incontinent he was by her and brought mete / and by & by he perceyued that hys wyfe or henne had to hym bene ontrewe but he fayned him as of nothinge knowynge & bode the ſpace of an houre by her and than dyd fle away tyll the next day & come thā agayne wt a great company of other ſtorkes and there dyd kylle & tear her aſond that had leued ſo in a nowtrye / and broughte her to dethe wt grete payne.

Cap. xxviij.

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The Swāne is veri a fayr birde wt whyte feders / & it hath a blacke ſkinne & fleſſhe / the mariner ſeeth hȳ gladly / for whan he is mery the mariner is without ſorowe or daūger & all his ſtrengthe is in his wȳges / and he [Page] is coleryke of complexiō / & whan they will engender than they ſtryke wyth theyr nebbys toged and caſt theyr neckes ouer eche other as yf thei wold enbrace eche other ſo come they togeder but the male doth hurt ye female & as ſone as he beknoweth that he hathe hurte her thā he departeth frome her cōpani in all the haſte poſſible / and ſhe purſneth after for to reuenge it / but ye anger is ſone paſt & ſhe waſſheth her with her bylle in the water / and clen / ſeth herſelfe agayne.

Cap. xxix.

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CInomulgus is a byrd in Arabia & he byldeth ī ye foreſtes in a neſt made of the cynamon vpon the hyeſt tree that he there findeth / & becauſe ye people can nat come bi yt neſt / therfore they ſhote it downe with boltys leded at the ende / and ſo they gete the cynamon that the neſte is made of / and yt is prayſed for the beſt / and thys byrde is ſomwhat greter than ye ſparowe. Cilpedo is a byrde lyke a ſwalow ſaue only it hathe no legges / and they be ſeen very moche vpō theſe / and it brede the behynd the ſtones becauſe it ſhold nat be ſene to thentēt it ſholde be fre of mā and beſte. Cytramus is a byrde that be nyght cryeth & calleth other birdes and the haukers knowe therby yt ther about is no game of other byrdes / for there will none be hym abyde.

Cap. xxx.

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Cinomia / is a dog flye wiche trobbeleth the yōge whelpis in their eres / & whan they ſhake them out by and by they be therin agayne & hurte them ſore tyll that they blede

Cap. xxxi.

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[Page]CIcendula is a flyenge worme / ye whiche whether he go or flye geueth lyght frome hȳ / & fleeth by night & they be many in Italie / and who ſo ſeeth thē thȳketh that they be ſperkes of fyre. ¶Cimex is a worme that groweth of roten fleſſhe / & it ſtynketh like an herbe that it bereth the name of. & it dothe greate harme in the gardens where as it is.

Cap. xxxij.

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A Doue is a clene byrde & lyueth by pure ſede / & .ix. tymes is here ſight renewed / & it bredeth gladly in ye hye placys for fere of euyll beſtes that they ſholde do harme to her yonges. & it reſteth gladly by the water for to ſlake her thurſte & alſo to ſe the ſhadowe of the goſhawke that is his ennemye whan he cōmeth. Iacobꝰ hiſtoriographꝰ ſayth / that in ye orient partyes the doues bere ye letters of the lordes into other londes whan theyr meſſangers can nat paſſe for fere of theyr ēnemyes The doues layth egges all the yere thorough yf thei haue a warme place & mete / or ellys they lay nat / and ye yō / ges yt be hatched ī maye and ī harueſt be better thā other that be hatched at other ſeaſons of the yere

The Operacion.

Eſculapius ſayth. that a doue ſlayne and layde warme vpon an euyll bytt is very gode / His donge reſolueth all maner of paynes and d [...]yeth the humours The blode of the he doue let out of a vayne vnder the winges is good for the iyen that be ouerflowen with blode. The donge tempered with vy / negre is good for to withdriue the blacke ſpottys or markes of ſores. The dō ge is good to be layde to ſore ioyntes

Cap. xxxiij.

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COredulus is a byrde that lyueth by fleſſh / & ſpecialli it deſyreth ye hart of the beſte. ¶The Crowe eteth gladly nuttes / & with a hye voyce it crieth for a to cōminge rayne and ſeketh the egges of the doue to ſuppe thē vp.

The Operacion. Plinius

The braynes dreſſed ī mete and eten is good for the payne in the hede.

[figure]

Cap. xxxiiij.

[Page]

THe Rauen is a cryenge byrde yt maketh moche noyſe but he can crye no thynge but crascras. The female bredeth out the egges alone and he fetchet her mete & the yōges be vij. dayes olde or they ete and vpon the ſeuenth day begine they to be black The [...] in the [...] partyes yt feghteth againſt the aſſes & whā they [...] they put out the iyen of ye beſtes to thentente that the people ſholde fleye them for the ſkynne / & that they ſholde haue the carkas and fleſſhe / and often tymes ſo geteth he his mete / and he bildeth moche about toures and ſteples. and he warneth of to [...] cōmyng weder bothe fayre and fowle & eche in a different maner wt his crye and he lerneth very gladly for to ſtele

Cap. xxxv.

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COcurnix is a royall byrde in the londe of Arabie / the whiche hath a lodeſmā of other byrdes or of ye crow whan they wyll paſſe ouer the ſee. for whan they be paſſed they be in dāger of the goſhawke that wyll grype thē, therfore they haue one wt them thate flyeth before to warn them

Cap. xxxvi.

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COcix is a birde that is moch lyke the goſhawke of feders / but he is heded & foted like the doue / and yf any that be ſybbe to him ſe hym by ye hawke they will kyll hym. Thys byrde is tolde of nature & therfore he layth but fewe egges at the moſte nat paſt .ij.

Cap. xxxvij.

[figure]

[Page]CRocilos is a very lytell byrde in Italie / & ſome ſay it is thewrēne and though it be ſmall yet it wil feght agaynſt the egle / & it flyeth moſt parte alone / and it bringeth furth many yō ges / and it bredeth in a hole of the walles / and be nyght they be a greate many of them togeder / becauſe thei ſhold kepe eche other warme & eteth ſande. and it ſingeth moſte whan it is harde froſen and in drye weder.

Cap. xxxviij.

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COrinta is a great byrde ī the Orient / and hathe but lytell feders Corinta hathe a great crop vnder his throte as gret as ye longues of a kowe wherin he gadereth moche blode / and therfore he drinketh moche.

Cap. xxxix.

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THe Cucko is a byrd that ſingeth alway one ſonge / & is a ſlouthful byrde but he bydeth nat longe in one place / & he is coloured lyke the tyrtelle doue / in the winter goeth he in a hole of the grownde wtin a holow tre / and ther he plucketh out his feds / & bydeth therin / and there hath mete ynoughe by him prouyded in the ſomer ſeaſon. he layth his egges in the neſt of a litell byrde and taketh as many egg is out of that byrd is neſt as he layeth therin and thus is ye cucko brede of a ſtraūge dāme / and this dāme reioyſeth herſelf in the gretnes of here ſtrange yonges and maruayleth gretly that ſhe hath ſo fayr yonges & diſdayneth her owne yonges. than the yonge cucko byteth hiſ dāme to deth / and he kepeth a dewe tyme of his comynge.

The operacion.

his donge ſoden in wyne is gode to be drōke for the bytinge of a mad dogge.

Cap. xl.

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CVbeth is an on clen byrd / & wher it findeth his wyues egges it bre them a ſonder / but as nigh as ſhe can ſhe hydeth thē yt he ſhold nat find them [Page] and wether ſhe cōmeth bi her make or no though ſhe do but here him or ſe hȳ ſhe ſhall lay egges. but whan ſhe ſeeth hym thā ſhe rōneth to mete hym & there they engender as ſecretely as they can / becauſe that the othere cockes of them ſholde nat ſe it to thentente that they ſholde nat be let them of theyr oyle beſynes.

Cap. xli

[figure]

A Litell flyēge worm is this [...]ule [...] hauīge before in his hede a lytel ſtynge wherwt he thruſteth through ye ſkīne of a man or other beſte and ſucketh the blode and other ſwet thinges and it loueth ſo well the light that it cometh about the candell and burneth hymſelfe

The Operacion

Auicenna. For to dechaſe this gnat or flie / take rewe and alſon and ſeeth thē in water & waſſhe therwt thy howſe.

Cap. xlij.

[figure]

OIomede be byrdes as greate as ſwānes / & they bredde in the rockes of ſtone in ye lond of appulia nygh by the water / and is of the bryght ſhyninge colour wt fyrye iyen & theyr bylles be iagged lyke tethe / & they do flye all in hepys / & they haue .ij. other byr / des to be theyr gydes / & the one fleeth before to ſhewe them the way and the other cōmeth behīde to dryue ye ſlouth full byrdes forwarde & quicken them to make them flye the ſwyfter

Cap. xliij.

[figure]

DRaycha is a byrde that hath no fete / & whan it cōmeth to ye groū de than it glydeth on his winges and breſt. & it cōmeth in the begīnyg of the ſomer / and it bredeth yonges / & whan they be full growen than dyeth the dames and ſyres.

[figure]

[Page] Cap. xliiij.

EChitus is a litell byrde & he fegts wt the aſſe / for whā the aſſe cōmes to the thornes for to rubbe or ſcratche hym than doth he breke thys byrdes neſt / & for this cauſe he fereth this aſſe ſo ſore that whan he hereth or ſeeth hȳ he caūeth his eggis out of the neſte Iarath & Emerie be brides that do flie be nyght & they gete light wt theyr wī ges whan they flye Ercinie be birdes in germania and theyr winges gyue at darke nyght ſo great lyght that a man may finde the way thrugh ye ſhī ninge of theyr winges

Cap. xlv

[figure]

THe Fawcon is a gentyll byrde & haſty in his game whan ye hawkers will take ye heron they let .ij. fawkōs fle / i. aboue that bringeth hȳ out of the ayre & another benethe that meteth hym in his comynge downe and taketh hym. ¶There be .ij. maner of fawcons. the one is gentill & the other is on gentyll / & they wyll nat lyghtely be tamed or made to the ganee wtoute great watche hūger & labour / & whan this on gētyl fawcō hath brought this herō to groūde than degorgeth or voydeth this heron an ele or other fiſhe yt he ete laſt / than this fawcō choſeth the ſame that the heron leueth there & la / teth the heron fle / but ſo dothe nat the gentyll fawcon / for he punyſſheth the diſceitfull fowle right ſore

The Operacion.

Albertus. Yf he can nat mute giue hī the gall of a cock or ellis a ſoden whyte ſnayle it ſhal amend. yf he mute to moche than gyue hym a lytell iuſt of iuſ / quiami & wete his mete therin. Yf he haue broken abone in his leggis or in his winge than bind therto the ſpyce Alor all warme / & lat it lay a day and a nyght therto. or ellys bynde cockes donge tempered wyth wyneger

Cap. xlvi.

[figure]

FAſcianꝰ is a wyld cocke or a feſāt cocke that byde in the foreſtes & it is a fayre byrde with goodly feders. but he hath no cōmbe as other cockes haue / and they be alway alone except whane they wylle be by the henne. [Page] and they that will take this bird / and in many places the byrders doth thus they paȳte the figure of this fayre byrde in a cloth & holdeth it before hym / & whan this birde ſeeth ſo fayr a figure of hym ſelfe / he goeth nother forward nor bacwarde / but he ſtandeth ſtill ſtaringe vpon his figure / & ſodenly commeth another and caſteth a nette ouer his hede and taketh hym Thys byrde morneth ſore in fowle weder & hideth hym from the rayne vnder ye buſſhes Towarde ye morninge and towardes night than cōmeth he out of the buſſhe and is oftētimes ſo taken / & he putteth his hede in the groūd & he weneth that all his bddy is hyden / and his fleſſh is very light and good to diſieſt

Cap. xlvij.

[figure]

FAtator is a bird in ye oriēt partyes / that laieth their egges ſo ſone that they breſt for colde aſonder / & thā it layeth agayne & therof it bryngeth for the yonges / & that is agaynſte nature of other birdes for they brede but ones in the yere.

Cap. xlviij.

[figure]

The Fenix is a byrde in Arabia / & of them is but one in the worlde & he waxeth .ccccc. yere olde. & whā he is thus olde he gadereth the ſ [...]yckes of [...] well ſmellinge ſpyces & byldeth a fyre therof / and thā he ſplayeth his wīges abrode towardes the hete of the ſonne ſitting on his wode and quicly he feſteneth on fyre and ſo burneth / and of ye aſſhes aryſeth another Fenix Ambroſius ſayth. That whan Fenix perceyueth the ende of his lyfe thā it maketh a neſt of well ſmellīge wodes and layeth hym ſelfe therin for to dye and whan he is dede of the humours of his fleſſhe aryſeth a worm / the whiche be proces of tyme geteth goodly feders & is as fayre a byrde as euer ye other was before / the wiche to vs is a noble enſample of the reſurrexcion of our ſauyour Iheſu Criſte / and of our ryſinge / agayne at the daye of dome.

Cap. xlix [Page]

[figure]

FIlomena is the nightīgall / & it is a lytell birde that ſingeth meruelouſly well / and ſpecially at the ſon̄e riſinge / & he ſingeth in the ſomer but neuer in the wynter / In the begīnynge of Maye he reioyſeth ſo moche in his ſonge that he neuer ſlepeth or very ſelden eteth. They feght ſo ſore ſomtyme eche with other / that he that is ouercō men oftentymes dyeth.

Cap. l.

[figure]

FVlica is a gret byrde & whyte as a ſwāne with a grete brode byll haūtinge moche the waters ſyde. and it is a wyſe birde / & he eteth no maner of ſtinkynge mete or caryon / and alſo he byldeth euer in one place.

Cap. li.

[figure]

FVcus is a great bee / but nat of ye kinde of the gentyll bees / for ſhe maketh nouther hony nor waxe / but ſheeteth the hony and labour of other bees / & they haue no ſtingue wherfore they be nat of the trewe kynde and the other bees haue as if it ware a cōmaū dement ouer them / & if they byde ther amonge the bees without workynge than the bees poniſſhe them to the vtt moſte without any pyte with their ſtī gues / and whan the hony is ful made than the bees dryue them awaye / and they be nat ſene but in maye / & it worketh for the kinge of the bees & maketh him a royal wyde place couered ouer lyke a throne / but for all his labour he may nat eate of the hony except he do gete it be ſtelthe.

Cap. lij.

GAllus / the Cocke is a noble byrde with a combe on his hed & vnder [Page]

[figure]

his iawes / he croweth in ye night heuely / & light in ye mornīge / & is fare herd wt the wīde. The lyon is afrayd of the cocke / & ſpecially of the whyte / the crowyng of the cocke is ſwete & profitable he wakenth ye ſleper / he conforteth the ſorowful / & reioyſeth the wakers in tokenynge yt the night is paſſed.

The Operacyon

¶The fleſſhe of the coſke is groſer thā the fleſſhe of the hēne or ca [...]on. Nota / the olde cockes fleſſhe is tenderer than the yonge The capons fleſſhe is mightieſt of all fowles & maketh gode blode Auicēna. The cokerels fleſſhe yt neuer crewe is bett than ye olde cockes fleſſhe the ſtones be gode for thē that haue to light a diſieſtyon / the brothe of hym is gode for the payn in ye mawe yt cōmeth of wynde. Eſculapiꝰ ſaith ye braynes dronke wt wyne helpeth all maner of bittes & dothe many maruayles.

[figure]

Cap. liij.

GAllina / the hēne is ye wyfe of the cocke / & ye ſhall lay odde egges vnder her for to hatche / & that at the begī nynge of the mone / and they be ye beſt egges that be layd within x. dayes / & on the fourthe daye after ye ſhall loke vpon the egges agaynſt the ſon̄e / and they that be than clere be nat fruteful and for them other muſt be layde.

¶The operacion.

¶The fleſſhe of the yonge hēne or ſhe haue layde / is better than of the olde hēne / alſo the greſe of the cheken is moche hoter than of the hēne. Eſculapiꝰ The egge of the hēne is gode for al maner of paynes ī the iyen / the hole egge brent & dronke with wyne or vinegre taketh awaye all the flodes of blodes ſtauncheth them. the greſe of ye henne heleth the lytell pyſtes on the iyen / the braynes ſtoppe the blode in the noſe.

Cap. liiij.

[figure]

[Page]GAllinacius / the capon is a gelded cocke / & becauſe yt he is gelded he waxeth the ſoner fatte / & though he go with the hennes he dothe nat defende them / nor he croweth nat. Nota the cocke that is gelded after he be .iij. yere olde / & than to lat hym lyue v. or vij. yere longe after / of hym cōmeth a ſtone named Electoriꝰ. & whā he hath receyued yt / than he drinketh nomore thefore who ſo hathe thys ſtone in his mouth it withdryueth the thurſte.

Cap. lv.

[figure]

GRaculus is a roke yt is blake ouer all his body / & ſibbe to the crowe but they be leſſe / & they bylde gladly in the hyeſt of the trees / & many of them togeder / & it is a very crienge birde / & whan they be yong they be gode to be eten / but theyr ſkȳne muſt be ſtreped of. Garrulꝰ is a bird of many colours & who ſo gothe by hym / he chatereth & cryeth vpon hym / yf he be taken yōge he lerneth to ſpeke many wordes & is the iaye / he chatereth ſomtym ſo ſore yt the goſhawke cōmethe & doth him diſpleſure & this byrd raueth oftētymes ſo yt he hangeth himſelfe on the branches of the trees.

Cap. lvi.

[figure]

THe grype is bothe byrde & beſte & hathe wynges & feders wt four fete & the hole body lyke the lyon / & the hede the forfete & wynges be lyke the Egle / & they be ēnemyes both to horſe & man / for whan they may gete them th [...] tere them aſond. In ſichiē of Aſia be right plenteful londes where as no body cōmeth but theſe grypes / & that londe is full of gold & ſiluer & precious ſtones / they be bred in the moūtaynes of Iꝑbori / & they of Ariſmaſpi feghteth againſt them for the precious ſtones. Albertꝰ ſaith he hath clawes aſmoche as ye hornes of an oxe / wherof thei make diſſhes for to drīke of / & they be very riche and coſtly.

[Page]¶Iohānes manuylde ſayth. that the bddy of a great grype is bigger than viij. lyons bodyes in this contre. and they can take an horſe with an armed man and bere it away in theyr neſte. And of hys quilles made greate ordonances for the bowe

Cap. lvij.

[figure]

GRacocendrō is the greteſt fowle amonge all birdes / & he cometh but ones in a yere by his make & that is in the ſomer / and than ſhe hath yonges after. and frome thensforth they leue in chaſtyte.

[figure]

Cap. lviij

THe birde Gyrfalco cōmeth ouer the ſee in cōpany of many wilde geeſe. and at the nyght he taketh one in his talantys to thentent yt ſhe ſhold kepe hȳ warm / & in ye mornyng he letteth her flee agayn wtoute any harme & in the daye he taketh one fore his repaſt ¶Goſturdus is a lytell gray birde and hathe a lytelle crowne of hys owne feders on his hede / they flye nat lyke other birdes but by cōpulſion of the wynde / & ſome ſaye that they laye theyr egges in ye grownde / and ye tode hatcheth thē / & ye dāme bredeth thē vp.

Cap. lix·

[figure]

THe Crane is a great byrde / and whan they flye they be a greate many of them to gyder in ordre and amonge thē they choſe a kynge the whiche they obey / whan the crane ſleepth than ſtandeth he vpon one fote wt his hede vnder his winges / & ther is one yt kepeth the wache wt his hede vpryght to wardes ye ayre / & whā they ete thā the kynge kepeth the wache fore them and than the cranes ete wtout ſorowe [Page] ¶Ariſtoti [...]es ſayth. yt aboue Egipt in farre lōdes come the cranes in the wī ter / and there the fight wt the pygmeis as before is ſhewed in ye .c. & .xvi. chapt

The Operacion.

Raſi The fleſſhe of him is groſſe & nat good to diſteſt / & it maketh melācolius blode. ¶The crane that is kille in ſomer ſhalbe hanged vp one daye / and in winter ſeaſon .ij. dayes or it be eten and than it is the more diſieſtious.

Cap. lx.

[figure]

GLutis is a birde yt whā he flyeth he puttet out his tonge [...] & whan the wint cōmeth he companieth gladly wt the ſtorke / and the ſwalowe & flyeth with them away / but he may nat labour as they do / therfore he bydethe behynde ſomtyme & the wint is often ouerpaſt a great while or they can comē ouer / but whā they retourne they come in feloſhip of the crane agayne.

Cap. lxi

[figure]

HArpia is a great byrde yt neuer hath eten ynoughe fore he is neuer ſatyſfyed· this byrde is oftētimes tamed & is taught to ſpeke bodely ſpe / che. This byrd dwelleth in the wilderneſſys by ye Pontike mere or ſee / and he hath croked clawes for to tere aſonder all that he fyndeth / and he hathe a face lyke a man / but he is nat of the nature lyke a man / for agaȳſt man he is very fell. for yf he fynd man he ſleeth hym / and than he gothe to the watere for to drinke and there he ſeeth that he hath dyſtroyed his owne ſimilitude / & than he morneth ſo very ſore that oftē tymes he morneth vnto the deth / and wepeth as longe as he lyueth

Cap. lxij. [Page]

[figure]

HIrundo / the ſwalowe is a birde yt is very light wt a clouen tayl & / a lytell byll / it geueth warnynge of the day ſpringe & wakeneth the ſlepers to ſerue god. In the wynter they flee to ye mountaynes of Apricy & there they be founde naked without any feders. Some ſwalowes ther be that haue in their leuer a ſtone named celidonium & they be knowen hereby / that in a token of peas / they ſet their yonges in ye neſte byl to byl for the other that haue no ſtone ſitte with their tayles to eche other contrarye the other.

Cap. lxiij.

[figure]

THe birde named herodiꝰ is very great & peaſible / he taketh ye egle & it is a noble bird / his colour is whyt ſaue his breſt & wīges / & he is ſo prowd of harte that whan he fleeth for his game with v. cranes or other byrdes a lytell & a lytell he bringeth them all to the grounde one after another / & ther be dogges taughte to the game yt take them vp in continent & killeth them.

Cap. lxiiij.

[figure]

IBis is a birde that is aboute the wat of Nilus / but he gothe nat in ye water / but he walketh vp & down to ſe yf the water wyll caſt vp any body or roten corps for hym to ete of / & they haue croked bylles / he is a greate ēnemye to all ſerpētis. for Ioſephus ſaith whan he ſholde feght agaȳſt ye morys they way was ſo full of ſerpentis that they coulde nat paſſe / thā brought moyſes many of theſame birdes wt hym for to diſtroye thoſe ſerpētis. This byrde layeth his eggis out of her mouthe and who ſo eteth of them he muſte nedys dye.

Capitulo. lxv.

[figure]

[Page]

I [...]os is a gret ſtronge birde in orient / & is gret enemye vnto ye horſe & hathe bothe the voyce & crye lyke the horſe / but it is a ferful crye to here / and they dryue the horſes awaye wt theyr crye out of the paſture / for they ete ſuche mete as the horſes dothe

[figure]

Cap. lxvi

ISpida is an yſe birde / it is fayre & fleeth by the water for to take the fiſſhes & other wormes

The operacion.

Some ſaye yt whan this birdes ſkȳne is nayled agaynſt a walle / yet it reneweth feders euery yere. The ſorſers ſaye that yf this birde be ſette vpon a treſoure for to kepe it and it ſhall multiplye and nat myniſſhe.

Capitulo. lxvij.

[figure]

RIches is a birde that chaungeth euery day his voyce / and ſinges euery daye a newe ſonge. and he bredeth vpon trees / and whan the ancor / nes be rype than they engender & get mete ynough / and whan the yonges be grete and ſtronge for to flee / Than do they brynge mete to theyr dāmes & their ſyres becauſe they ſholde nat laboure. Nota. [...]okis is a birde that whan he dyeth many other birdes make for hym great heuynes.

Cap. lxviij. [Page]

[figure]

RInniꝰ is a byrde that geteth his mete lyke the egle or goſhawke & it bringeth forth many yonges and fedeth them diligently / And nat only her yonges but alſo the yonges of the egle that ſhe caſteth out of her neſt. Karbolus is a ſlouthfull birde yt dothe nat brede out her yōges nor fedeth thē nouther / but fleeth to the ſtocke doues neſt and breketh all the egges that ſhe fyndeth / and than ſhe layth her egges ther / and the ſtocke doue bredeth them forthe and bringeth them vp.

Capitulo. lxix.

[figure]

LAgus is a water byrd / and is cō trary to the dobchike / the which is alſo a water byrd of nature / and he fleeth frome the tempeſt of the water and this birde lagus reioyſeth hym of the tempeſtyous weder.

Cap. lxx.

[figure]

LAagepus is a birde that hathe ī maner fete lyke an hare / & they haue moche feders / & yet they can nat well flye / And therfore he dwelleth in holes of the erth / and goeth out and in to fetche his mete / But he wyll neuer be tamed but dye for anger whāne he is taken.

Capitulo. lxxi.

[figure]

LInachos is a birde that hathe a ſharpe ſight / and whan his yonges can nat yet flee / than he ſeteth thē with their iyen towardes the ſonne / & they that can nat loke in the ſon̄e with out wateringe of their iyen theym he kylleth / & the other he bringeth vp. He leueth of other birdes in the water therfore whan they ſe him they dyue vnder ye water & at their riſiinge he ſleeth them.

Cap. lxxij.

[figure]

[Page]

MAgnales be great birdes in Orient wt greet fete and nebbe / and they do no ſcathe vnto man / but they take fiſſhes in ye water & that they ete.

Cap. lxxiij.

[figure]

MErula is a birde yt is blacke in euery part of his body / but ī Achaya they be withe / whan thys byrde is ſeke than he purgeth hȳ ſelf wt laurell leues & he ſingeth a maruelous ſonge & ye tame birdes doth ete fleſſh agaȳſt his nature / & ſhe ſingeth ſwetely / & badeth her ſelfe very gladly / and pyketh her ſelf wt her byll.

Cap. lxxiiij.

[figure]

THe dokchicke ſwȳmeth in ye wat & perſecuteth the fiſſh / he driueth vnder ye wat but it can nat abyd lōge vnd / for it muſt fetche brethe / & thei haue theyr fete very nere ye tayle / & they go vpright wt their hede in ye wind and whā they flee from ye water that beto / keneth great ſtorme / & they be fatter ī the winter than in the ſomer..

[figure]

[Page] Cap. lxxv.

MErops is a birde that maketh a hole in the erthe lyke an ouen of vij. fotes of heghte / & there ſhe bredeth her yonges / & whan ſhe hath brought vp her yonges that they be able to helpe thē ſelfe well / & yt they become aged. thā theſe yonges fede theyre elders to theyr lyues ende / And this is done to our enſample that we ſholde honoure fader and moder

Cap. lxxvi.

[figure]

MElancoroſus is a litel birde that bryngeth furthe many yonges fore it layeth well .xx. egges & bredeth them out & bringeth thē vp / and whan they flee they folow the dāme / and ſhe leueth nat tyll they can helpe thēſelfe. ¶Morfex is a great water birde and it hath a gret bill chagged lyke a ſawe & he maketh his neſt vpon a tree lowe be the water ſyde / & he eteth gladly fiſſhe & ſpecially elys / and thys byrde is very gredy / where he latteth his dong fall vpon a tre it waxeth drye & baren

Cap. lxxvij.

[figure]

MEnnonides be byrdes in Egipt & be the watere of Nylus / & they fle vnto the graue of ye phylozophe na / med Mēnon / & whan they haue gone and fleen .ij. dayes aboute that graue than they feght a great batell among them ſelfe & byte and teare eche other ſore / & whan thys is done they retourne agayne vnto Egypt. ¶Meauca is a birde ſōwhat grett thā a ducke / it hath a ſhorte necke & ſhorte fete. & they be very deſyrous vnto ſtynkynge ca / ryen and to the corſes of dede people ſpecially / that be caſted vp with ye water / and be glad of ſtormye wedere becauſe they as than ſholde thrugh ye tē / peſtyous wed ye ſoner gete theyr pray of them that ſholde be drowned / yet they ete ſmall byrdes

Cap. lxxviij. [Page]

[figure]

THe Kyte is a grypynge birde / & alwayes he choſeth tam byrdes as kockes / hēnes / & chekens / he is byl / led / foted / clawed lyke the goſhawk / he is hardy vpō ſmale byrdes / for the ſparowe hawke chaſeth hym & beteth hȳ though he be iij. time bigger / & it layth eggys and ſytteth them out by the ſtȳ kinge caryon / & they be ſene moſt in ye ſomer. and whan thys byrde is moſte ſtrongeſt than it is moſte fayntharted and ferfull / for it eteth than flyes and wormes of the grownde and ſtynkynge caryon by the ſtrete

[figure]

Cap. lxxix.

MOnedula is a choghe / and it is a blacke birde that is ēnemye to the owle. and the fleſſhe of thys byrde maketh his hede to yche that eteth of it / for this byrdes hede is gladly ſcrat / ched. Muſcicapa is a byrde ſomwhat greter than a doue / and is bylled and foted lyke a ſwalowe / and it gapeth al / way wyde for to gete gnattys or flyes for ther by it leueth.

Cap. lxxx..

[figure]

MVſca is a flye and is engēdred of fylth and onclenes / & they be moche in onclene places / they ſtinge & ſucke blode. Iſidorꝰ ſayth. The flyes & bees that be dede and drowned in water wtin an houre after they ſholde be quitke agayn yf they were layde in ye ſonne Plinius ſayth.

The flyes dye that come in the place yt is waſſhed wt water wher as eldorne hathe be ſoden in.

Cap. lxxxi. [Page]

[figure]

VVltur is a gripinge birde / and it ſmelleth carien very farre / and all ſmale beſtes yt it can gripe it tereth them aſonder & eteth thē / & he byldeth on hye trees becauſe he ſholde ſe farre & he ēuyeth yt his yōges ſhold be fatte & therfor he geueth them no mete but his leuingis / and he hurteth thē out of theyr neſt or they can flee / and than cō meth another birde and fedeth thē wt his yonges / they be euer .ij. togedere & they take a great rome

The Operacion.

The leuer of it brayde & droncke wt blode is good for the fallinge ſekeneſſe Diaſcorides ſayth. A woman that were fumed wt the doūge of this bird ſholde be quit of her ſecūdina after ye birth

[figure]

Cap. lxxxij

NIſus is a ſparow hawke / & it is a gentyll byrde & is federed like a goſhawke / & whan his felowe ſitteth vpō their egges than hath he a place where he plucketh hys byrdes that he taketh / & they be clene whā he bereth it to the neſte & geueth it his felowe ſittinge on the egges. and he is ſo prowd that he will flee alone to ye game & none other wt hī / but whā he hath taken his game or mete he will well depart with it

Cap. lxxxiij·

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THe nightrauē hateth the daye & ſeketh his mete by night / and he hath a croked byll & croked ſharpe talentes / he dwelleth gladly in ye for fallē walles of howſes / he fedes hys yōges well [...] he reioyceth in ye ſpeche of man. he loueth the night becauſe he can nat loke in the ſonne. The fleſſh is good for thē yt haue the rōninge goute. The brayne of hym dreſſed in wyne or mete is good for the hedeache.

Cap. lxxxiiij. [Page]

[figure]

NEpa is a byrde wt a longe byll / & he putteth his byll in ye erthe for to ſeke the worms in the groūde / and they put their bylles in ye erthe ſomtyme ſo depe yt they can nat gete it vp a / gayne / & thā they ſcratche theyr billes out agayn wt theyr fete This birde reſteth betimes at nyght / and they be erly abrode on the morninge / & they ha / ue ſwete fleſſhe to be eten.

Cap. lxxxv.

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THis birde Onocroculꝰ gadereth moche mete & than buryeth it in the grownde / & whan he hath honger he fetchet it out agayne for to ete. he hathe a longe ſharpe bylle & is lyke a ſwāne but he is bigger / & it is a byrde out of oriēt / & whā he will crye than he putteth his byll in the water & therwt geueth he a great ſownde. he hathe a crop in his throte where as hys mete reſteth an houre or it deſcēde ī his bely

Cap. lxxxvi

[figure]

OPimachus is a birde wt .iiij. fete his hinder fete be longere than his fore fete. & whan he is on the groū de he hoppeth after his mete or praye & he is gret ēnemye vnto the ſerpētes

[figure]

[Page] Cap. lxxxviij.

Oſyna is a gret byrd lyke a ſwā ne & he bydeth aboute ryuers & vyuers becauſe of the fiſſhe / & he hath a longe byll / and he hath frome ye throte downe to the breſt a gret wyde ſkȳ / ne where as he putteth moche fyſſhe wherfore he is aboute greate waters gladly / fore he wolde ſone deſtroye a ſmale vyuer or water. ¶Oſſifragus is a great birde that is ſibbe to ye egle & thoſe yōges that the egle caſteth out of his neſte the Oſſifragus bryngeth dhem vp with her yonges

Cap. lxxxix.

[figure]

OThus is a byrde lyke an owle / & whā he flieth yf ye wīde bloweth him cōtrary thā taketh he litell ſtones in his clawes or ellis his throte full of ſande becauſe he maye flye the ſurer. this flieth more be night than be daye & thā he cryeth eurnefulli ho ho / & his bill and clawes be croked and haue .ij. hornes / & he is full of feders / he lyueth of that he chaſeth & geteth / he eteth fleſſhe / he is a great ēnemie to all myſe & chaſeth and eteth them / and he is hated of other birdes

Cap. xc

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OVa / the egges be diuers / fore the newe lyde egges be better than the olde / the henne egges be better thā ani other egges whan thei be freſſhe & ſpecialli whan thei be rere thā they make good blode / but the egges that be harde roſted be of ye groſe metis.

The Operacion.

¶All maners of egges waken a man to the worke of lecherie & ſpecialli ſpa / rowes egges. Auicēna The ducke egges & ſuche like make groſe humoures. The beſt of the egges is the yolke & that cauſeth ſperma / the white of the egge enclineth to be cole. whan an hē / ne ſhall brede take hede of thoſe egges that be blont on bothe endes & thei ſhal be hēne chekens / & thoſe that belonge & ſharpe on bothe endes ſhall be cocke chekens

Cap. xci. [Page]

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PAſſer / The Sparowe is a lytell byrde / and whā ye cucko fyndeth the ſparowes neſt / thā he ſuppeth vp ye egges & layeth newe egges hym ſelf therin agayne / & the ſparowe bredeth vp theſe yōge cuckoes tyl they can flee thā a great many of olde ſparowes geder to geder to thentēt yt thei ſholde holde vp the yōge ſparowes that can nat flee / & theyr mete is wormes of ye erthe The ſparowes be wylye & they make theyr neſtes in the holes of the walles or onder the rydges of ehe howſes / the he is ſomwhat blacke about the bylle

¶The operacion.

All ſparowes fleſſhe is euyl / and their egges alſo The fleſſh is very hote and moueth to the operacion of lechery

Cap. xci.

PAuo / the pecocke is a very fayre byrde / and it hath a longe necke and hath on his hede feders lyke a lytell crowne / he hathe a longe tayle the whyche he ſetteth on hye very rycheli but whan he loketh on hys lothly fete he lateth his tayle ſinke

[figure]

¶Se nyght whan the Pecocke can nat ſee hymſelfe thā he cryeth ernefully and thynketh that he hath loſt hys beautye / and with his crye he feareth all ſerpentes / in ſuche maners yt they dare nat abyde in thoſe places where as they here hym crye / and whan the pecocke clȳmeth hye that is a token of rayne. Whā the female is .iij. yere old than bryngeth ſhe forth yonges / but of thentymes the cocke breketh the egges or ſhe can hatche them / or brynge any of them vp / wherfore many one lay a couple of her egges vnder a hēne and ſhe bryngeth them vp / fore there may nomore but .ij. egges be takē frome the pee hēne / alſo the pecocke is envious & wylle nat knowe hys yonges tyll that they haue ye crowne of feders vpon theyr hede and that they begynne to lyken hym.

The Operacion.

[Page]

The gall is a great vertue as the gall of capon ¶Iheronimus the doūge is good to ſoften and mollefye the hetes of podagra. The fleſſhe of hȳ will nat lightely rote nor ſtynke / and it is euyll fleſſhe to diſieſt for it can nat lightely be roſted or ſoden ynough

Cap. xcij..

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PAlumbe / be ſtockdoues / & thoſe birdes loue eche other out of meſure and nature / yet they feght ſomtime for theyr neſtis and wyuē them of eche other. Thoſe doues kepe thē in chaſtice after that they haue loſt theyr make or felowe lyke the tyrteldoue all the dayes of theyr lyue. and theyr co / lour is ſomwhat brown / and thei leue of the frute.

The Operacion.

Plinius. The blode of them is good for them that be blode ſhotten

Cap. xciij.

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PLatea is a birde that is in ye wat & is a greet ēnemye to all othere byrdes of the water / and byteth them by the hede / and ſo ouercometh them. & this byrde eteth his bely full of muſ / kles / and whan he hath almoſte diſieſted them than he vomiteth them out the ſhelles agayne. ¶Pluuialis is a byrde with many maner of colours. and ſome ſaye that he leueth only of ye ayre

Cap. xciiij.

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PApiliones be flyenge wormes. and ſome calle them ſomer flies [Page] & where as the malowes bloſſom / ther be alway many / and of theyr dounge becōmeth wormes / and ī auguſt they do engēder / and as ſone as they haue done / the he dyeth and ye ſhe layeth egges than / and incōtinēt after ſhe dyeth alſo / and in the winter they lay ſtylle but whan te ſomer cōmeth / through ye dewe and through the hete of the ſōne they become wormes / and after they flye / and they be very ēnemyes to the bees / therfore in aprell whan the malowes dothe bloſſom they ſhold be diſtroyed for than there commeth many

Cap. xcv.

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THe Pellicane is a birde abiding moche about the water of Nilus Phiſiologꝰ ſaith. The pellicane loueth his yonges very well / and whan the yonges ones be grete / they bete the dā me about the hede / but the dāme reuē geth it agayne incōtinent / and beteth her yonges ſo that ſhe ſleeth them out of hande / and than ſhe bewayleth thē and morneth .iij. dayes longe / but on the thyrde day ſhe laūceth hirſelf ī the ſyde a great wound / out of the whiche rōneth plentefully blode vpon her yō / ges / and be the vertue of the ſame thei be wakened frome the deth & be quic / kened agayne / and this ſhe dothe alſo whan ſhe fyndeth them ſlayne be the ſerpentes and be the ſhedynge of here blode ſhe is maruelouſly faynt and ſeke / in ſuche wyſe that ſhe can nat oute of the neſte. And than through gret hū ger her yōges be cōpelled to ſeke their mete and to flye a brode / and ſome be ſo ſlouthfull yt they wil nat ſeke theyr mete / but lay ſtyll in theyr neſtys and dye for hunger / & ſome gete mete fore them and theyr dāme alſo whyleſt ſhe is ſeke / and that ſhe remembreth well whāne ſhe is hole agayne / and them as dyd her good in her ſekenes and tyme of nede / ſhe maketh moche of them whan ſhe is agayn heled of her grete woūdes / and the other ſhe dryueth frome her. The pellicane lyueth oftentymes be the mylke of cocodrillus / for cocodrillus hathe great bagges with te / ples vnder her bely / and the mylke of her ſhedeth and ronneth on the groūd and than cōmeth ye pellican and eteth that vp. and the Pellicane is of white colour / and euer it is lene.

Cap. xcvi.

PEerdix is a byrde very wylye & the cockes feght oftentymes for the hēnes. and theſe byrdes flye of no heght / and they put theyr hedes in the [Page]

[figure]

erthe & they thinke yt they thā be well hy [...]ē for whā ſhe ſeeth nobody ſhe thinketh yt nobody ſeeth here. & ſhe bredeth out other ꝑtriches egges / for whā ſhe hath loſt her eges thā ſhe ſteleth other egges & bredeth thē / & whā they be hatched yt they can go on the groūde / than this dāme ſetteth thē out of ye neſt / but whan they be a brode & here the wyſe of theyr owne dāmes incōtinent they leue theyr dāme yt brought thē vp & go to their owne natural dāme / & thā ſhe yt brought thē vp hath loſt her labour

The Operacion..

The fleſſhe of a ꝑtriche is [...]oſt holſomeſt of all wylde fowles. ye breſt & vppermoſte parte of ye bodie is the ſweteſt & hathe the beſt ſauoure / but ye hinder parte is nat ſo ſwete. The gal wt marys milke is good for the ſight of thyē. Haly The lyuer dryed & robbed to pouder & thā drōken is good for ye fallīge ſekeneſſe. Pliniꝰ The brothe yt he hath be ſodē in is good fore ye ſekeneſſe / regio / named ſeint cornelis ſekeneſſe

Cap. xcvij.

[figure]

PIca is a Pye / the whiche byrde is ſubtyle and falſe. and he hath a brode tōge therfor he lerneth lightly to ſpeke / & he maketh his neſt with .ij. holes / the one he crepeth in at / and the other his tayle hangeth oute at / and he feſteneth it withinforth wyth lome and claye and ſo maketh it very cloſe. and without it is ſtronge of wode

The Operacion.

The fleſſhe of this byrde is good to be eten for to gete the ſight of the iyen. ¶It is lately fortuned & of a trouthe yt thei fought a batayle agaynſt the ia / yes in ſuche maner yt ther were many pyes ſlayne. but yet they wōne ye feld and threwe to ye grownde thirty thouſand iayes

Cap. xcviij.

[figure]

[Page]PIcus is a ſpeght & is a birde that heweth wt his bill grete holes in a tre / & he fedeth hys yonges there in yt hol of the tree. And yf any body ſtroke in a great nayle or pine of wode ouer twharte the hole to lett hī that he ſhold nat come to his yonges / than dothe he fetche an herbe and layeth it to ye pȳne and as ſone as it hathe touched the pī ne than it fleeth out by and by / and he cōmeth to his yonges at his will how ſtrongly ſo euer it be made before

Cap. xcix..

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PIrales be great flyes with .iiij. fete & wt wȳges / & they flee into ye middes of ye fyre and they burne thē nat for the fyre doth thē no harme / for as longe as they be in the fyre they leue and wtin a ſhorte whyle after thate they be out of the fyre they dye

Cap. C

THe Popingay is bred in India & is of a grene colour wt a rede rȳ ge

[figure]

about his necke. he hath a brode tō ge & lenreth wel fore to ſpeke / he may away with all manere of waters but the rayne water killeth thē. and he bredeth moche in the montayns of Gelboe / wher as Saul was felled / for ther cōmeth ſeldē rayne. for whā ſaul was felled Dauid was very woo & prayed to almighty god as it is teſtefyed in ye ſauter boke this maner ſainge Lorde god I pray ye lat not deſcēde rayne nor dew where as is feld ye ſtrēgthes of Iſrahel. & after that there falleth no wat nor dewe yet but it bideth alway drye this birde reioyſeth him ſelfe in a maydenly vyſage / and he waxeth dronkē in wyne

Cap. c.i.

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[Page]POrphirio is a birde yt goeth on ye groūde & ſwīmeth in ye water & he hath one cloſe fote & another open & whā he will drinke thā he taketh wat wyth his cloſe fote & bringeth it to his mouth & than drinketh and he fedeth hym lyke a man / for after euery mor / ſel that he eteth he drinketh / he hath a great bylle & longe legges / & his mete will nat well diſieſt

Cap. C.ij.

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REgulus yt is ye wrēne & is a lytell birde whiche wold be king of al byrdes / & the egle wolde be kīge becauſe he was ſtrōge & coude flye hyeſt in ye ayre. than ſayde the wrēne he yt flieth hyeſt of vs bothe ſhalbe kynge. & ther wt they began to flee & the wrēne gate him vnder the winges of the egle / and whan they ware at the hyeſt than the wrēne flewe out & ſate vpon ye hede of the egle & ſayd / now arte thou ouer wō ne. as the fable teſtefyeth.

Cap. C.iij.

SCrabones dothe growe out of roten fowle horſe fleſſhe / and ye waſpes brede in hye walles & they make

[figure]

theyr neſt wt lome / & the ſcrabones brede vnder the erthe / and ſome ſaye that xxvij. ſcrabones ſholde ſlee a chylbe of vij yere of age

Cap. C.iiij.

[figure]

SCrabei come alſo of the rotē fleſſh of an horſe as ſcrabones dothe / & they be flyenge wormes / & they haue no ſtȳge but thei haue hornes ſplayed and wherwt they nype / & they be mo / che in the corne & ſedys where as thei do moche harme / and ſome name theſe hornes.

The Operacion

Plinius ſayth. A woman that hathe her diſeas / yf ſhe be naked & go rownd about the corne or ſede than falle all ye Scrabeyes and horneſſes of and alſo [Page] all other veymous beſtes or wormes. Scrabeis brayed aſonder and layd in oyle & than yt oyle layd or dropped in a mānes ear is good for ye paȳes therof

Cap. c.v.

[figure]

SInifes be the ſmal gnattys yt flye gladly about ye brethes of ye beſtes and alſo of the people / & they flie often in folkes iyen / and they [...]tethe people oftentimes haue euyll reſte and trowble them oftentymes of theyr ſlepe

Cap. C.vi.

[figure]

THe ſtrix flyeth by night / & he lo / ueth his yonges very well / for he droppeth moyſtnes of mylke in theyr mouthes. Selantides be byrdes that no man knoweth frome whens they come nor whyther they wyll become. but they come to ye helpe of the people yt dwell by the montaynes of caſſine ye whiche be ſore enoyed wt the hayſpringers & thā come theſe birdes & ete theſe hayſprīgers & lowſe thē & their fru / tes of all their ſcathes & thā they flie away agayne / where they become no man can tell.

Cap. C.vij·

[figure]

THe Oſtryche is a beſte / ſom wyll nat reken him for a birde / but he is a parte lyke a birde & a parte lyke a beſte he hath in a maner a faſſyon as yf it were winges. & he liſteth himſelf vp to aſſay for to flee oftētimes. but it will nat be for they be nat euȳ federed but as yf they ware hery / and ſo is all the fore part of his body lyker here thā lyke feders / but ye hinder parte of him is all federed lyke an other birde. and he hathe a great heuy bodi lyke a litel aſſe / & he hathe clouen fete like a ſhepe ſomwhat holowe wtin wherin he grypeth ſtones and throweth thē behinde him whan any body foloweth him to take hī / and with the helpe of his winges he rōneth faſter thāne any horſe. [Page] & [...]horſe & thei hateth eche other ſore / ī ſuche maner yt they may nat here nor ſe eche other / he eteth yron & diſteſteth it throughe his hote nature. and he loketh alway wt one iye on to grownde and with the other in the ayre

Cap. C.viij.

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STuciocamelo is a birde very gret & is moche in Ethiope & in Affrike & they be ſomwhat ſibbe to the beſtes & they be as hye as a hors / & they rōne moche faſter throughe ye helpe of their winges / theyr fete be lyke ye oſtriche / & they do wt all lyke the oſtriche Sturij be lytel birdes yt flye a great hepe togeder in a roūde ringe becauſe of the goſhawke / & be night they be very ſtylle. & in ye dawnīge of ye daye they ſeke for their mete / & they leerne well to ſpeke.

Cap. C.ix.

TArda is a birde yt is ſlow of flight moche ſlower than other birdes be & as it is ſayde / of his egges may be good coloure

[figure]

¶Tragopa is a byrde that is greter than an Egle / & he is moche in Ethy [...] pe. & is coloured moche lyke a glowinge yron. he is heded lyke a fenix / but he hathe .ij. hornes on his hede lyke a ramme

Cap. c.x.

[figure]

[Page]TVrdi be litell birdes / & of greate forwyt. & they make their neſtes in hye trees of erth and lome and they brayde it wt ſtickes and make it ſtrōge & than incōtinēt thei lay egges & brede [...]p theyr yonges. and ī Germania be many of thoſe byrdes Turdula is a birde that is gretter than turdus. & of his doūge is made good glewe

Cap. C.x.

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A Byrde is ye Tirtyll doue that loueth alwaye to be in foreſtys or wodes amōge the trees & alſo on mōntaynes / & thei be euer couples togeger Ambroſiꝰ ſayth The tirtyll doue is a clene chaſte birde / for yf ſhe hathe loſt her make ſhe wolde neuer haue other after / for ye loſſe of her firſte loue is more payne & ſorowe vnto her than any loue of another coude cōforte her aft. ye whiche is bothe to man & woman a wordy enſample Thei lay in ye winter in theyr feders in holowe trees. and in may the come out agayn / & ſome with drawe thē into warme londes. ſhe brȳ geth furth but .ij. yonges. yet ſhe laith ſomtyme iij. egges / & theſe birdes leue be frutes The blode of this byrde is good to be put in blode ſhotten iyen

Cap. C.xi.

[figure]

VAneliꝰ is a fayre byrde great as a doue hauīge a crowne on hys hede lyke a pecocke / his necke is a ſhy / ninge grene & his body is of a mani colours / & whā any body ſeketh his neſt than he cometh towarde thē & meteth them & cryeth / wherby he thrughe his foliſſhnes is oftentymes begyled fore wt his cryēge his neſt is foūde & roued

[figure]

[Page] Cap. C.xij.

VEſpertilio / a backe is a birde wt foure fete / and hathe a mouth & tethe lyke a mowſe and no tayle / and it hath no feders / but it hath .ij. wīges on the which be no feders / but thin ſkī nes facioned lyke a dragons winge / & therwt they flee / and it geteth his mete by night like the owle. and it bringeth forth her yonges lyke a beſte with iiij. fete and it layth none egges· The blode of it is good to be enoyted vpō maydēs breſtes for thā they ſhall nat waxe very grete. The braynes tempered wt hony helpeth the iyen of the water yt deſcendeth into them Ther be in Ynde ſome as moche as doues and they flye by euyn tide. they haue tethe like a man. and theſe be ſo bolde whā thei fle that they feſten in the face of a man and byte the noſe or eres of and ſhend a mānes viſage.

Cap. C.xiij.

[figure]

AWaſpe ſeketh her mete of ſtikin gecarion / they haue ſtinges like the ſcorpiō withinforth / and the fetche theyr mete alſo frome the floures and frutes of the trees / they take flies and byte of their hedes and than carie thē to their holes in therthe / but the moſte parte of them leue by caryō fleſſhe.

¶The operacion.

Auicēna A plaſter made of wilde malowe leues is good to drawe out the f [...]ī ge. The donge of a goote draweth out the venyme of ye waſpe. And ſalt and vinegre tempered with hony is very good. Oyle of bay is good alſo for the ſtynge..

Cap. C.xiiij.

[figure]

VLula. this byrde is ſo named becauſe of his cryenge / for whā he cryeth he wepeth and ſigeth. Therfor ſome ſay that this birde with his cry / enge maketh a ſignificacyon of goode fortune / and they be as great as a rauē / and theyr feders be ſpotted / their cryr is lyke the howlinge of a wolfe.

Cap. C.xv.

VPapa is a birde that cryeth hop hop. & it hath a crowne of feders on his hede / but he is very ōclenly. he is moche be the ordure or fylth of man and he eteth ſtinkinge erth. [Page]

[figure]

he that is enoȳted with his blode and than gothe to ſlepe he ſhal thinke that the deuyll woryeth him. Phiſiologus ſayth that whan the hoppes be foolde yt they can fle nomore / than the yonge ones be ſo kynde to theyr dāmes that they let them laye in their neſte for thā their ſight fayleth them alſo / and they plucke of their ſyres & dāmes feders & they ouerſtryke their iyen wt an herbe tha [...] they fynde be nature wherwith they ſe agayn / & than they ſit ouer thē & kepe them warme & fede them tyll yt they be fully flgged & can flye at their wyll.

The Operacion.

¶Pictagoras ſaith that the blode of ye Hop is meruelous / for who ſo is enoȳ ted wt his blode ſhall haue many deueliſſhe fantaſies / The feders or quylles layde on a mānes hede / withdriueth ye paynes of the hede / The tonge of it hā ged on one that is very forgetfull / it ſhall kepe hym in gode remēbraūce.

HEre endeth the Seconde parte of this preſent volume whyche hathe treated of the natures of ye fowles of the ayre. And here after foloweth of the natures of the fiſſhes of the See whiche be right profitable to be vnderſtāde / Wherof I wyll wryte be ye helpe & grace of almighty god to whoſe laude & prayſe this mater enſueth.

§

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Cap. Primo.

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A [...]remon is a fruteful fiſſhe that hathe moche ſede / but it is nat through mouynge of the he / but only of the owne proper nature / & than ſhe rubbeth her belly vpon the groūde or ſande / & is ſharpe in handelinge / & ſalt of ſauour / & this fiſſhe ſaueth her yonges in her bely whan it is tempeſtius weder / & whan the weder is ouerpaſt than ſhe vomyteth them out agayne. Nota. Achandes is a fiſſhe that is full of care for her yonges / & they bide hangīge on the ſhippes in the ſee / ſo many that ye ſhippes can nat ſtere bacwarde nor forwarde. Nota. Albirem is of ye ſee a fiſſhe that hathe a ſkȳne ſo harde that in ſome places men make therof their ſheldes Amphorā is a fiſſhe that is nat borne / but it is bred or engendered of fowle mudde.

Cap. ij.

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ANguilla / the Ele is lyke a ſerpēt of faſcyon & may leue eight yere & without water vi. dayes whan the wind is in the northe / in the wint they wyll haue moche water & that clere / amōge them is nouther male nor female / for they become fiſſhes of ye ſlyme of other fiſſhes / they muſt be flayne / they ſuffer a longe dethe / they be beſt roſted but it is longe or they be ynoughe / the droppīge of it is gode for paines in the eares.

Cap. iij.

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ALec the heringe is a Fiſſhe of the ſee / & very many be taken betwene bretayn & germaia / & alſo ī denmarke aboute a place named ſchonen / And he is beſt frome the begīnynge of Auguſt to december / and whan he is freſſhe takē / he is very delicious to be eten And alſo whā he hath ben ſalted he is [Page]

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a ſpecyall fode vnto man / He can nat leue wtout wat for as ſone as he feleth the ayre he is dede / & they be taken in gret hepīs togeder / & ſpecially where they ſe light there wyll they be than ſo they be taken with nettis / which commeth be the diuyne Prouydens of almighty god.

Cap. iiii.

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ARanea / as ſaith Auicēna it is a fiſſhe of the ſee / whoſe diſpoſiciō is moche lyke the ſcorpion / he ſmyteth his eares / & the finnes on his backe be venymous. Plinius ſaith that Aries is a fiſſhe.

Cap. v.

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ASpidochelō / as Phiſiologꝰ ſaith it is a mōſtrous thinge in the ſee it is a gret whale fiſſhe & hath an ouer growē rowgh ſkīne / & he is moſte parte wt his bake on hye aboue the water in ſuche maner that ſome ſhypmen yt ſe hym wene that it is a lytell ylande / & whan they come be it they caſt their ankers vpō him / & go out of theyr ſhippes & make a fyre vpon hym to dreſſe theyr metys / & as ſone as he feleth the hete of the fyre / than̄e he ſwȳmeth fro the place & drowneth them & draweth the ſhippe to the grownde / And his ꝓper nature is whan he hath yonges yt he openeth his mouthe wyde open / & [Page] out of it fleeth a ſwete ayre / to ye which the fiſſhes reſorte & thā he eteth them. ¶Aurata is a fiſſhe in the ſee yt hathe a hede ſhinynge lyke golde.

Cap. vi.

ALforā / as Albertꝰ ſaith is a fiſſhe engendered of ye mudde or ſlyme of the erth where as there is no water & firſt they be ſmall wormes tyll there be water / & than they become fyſſhes but they dye agayn lightely & be ſone roten / and the ſhypmen ſaye thoughe they were roten to the iyen / yet & ther come a rayne vpon them they becom quicke angayne & leue very longe.

Cap. vij.

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AVſtruam is a fiſſhe that is engē dred in maye & in herueſt of the fome of the rayn as the wormes doth out of the doūge of beſtes / & ſome ſay yt they come of ye ſlyme of the erth & this fiſſhe may nat ſe the brightnes of ye ſon̄ yet they be gladly in warme places / & ſpecyally in warme rayne.

Cap. viij.

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AVreū vellus / ſaith albertus is a fiſſhe of the ſee like a ſponge / but it is moche ſofter & bereth a ſubſtaūce lyke wolle whiche hath a goldē colour & it may be ſpōne & brayd or wouē but they be but ſeiden foūde yet they were foūde in the tyme of the warre betwene the troyans and the grekes.

Cap. ix.

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ALburtiū is a frutefull fiſſhe / & or euer he ſhoteth his roghe he rubbeth him agaynſt the ſande ano there fedeth his yonges.

[Page]Nota. Amnis is a fiſſhe that hath in hym a precyoua ſtone / & he is of many coloures & full of ſopttes. Ahanier is a fiſſhe gode to be eten / and his finnes be rede and grene / ſhort than an ele / and nekkes lyke a wode cocke. Afetus is ſo ſmale a fiſſhe that it wyll nat be taken with none angle rodde.

Cap. x.

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A [...]ides is a beſte in theſe / where as it leueth firſt / and after that it changeth nature and leueth on the londe and ther ſeketh his mete.

Cap. xi.

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AHuna is a mōſter of the ſee very gloriſſhe as Albertꝰ ſaith / what it etethit tourneth to greas in his body / it hathe no mawe but a bely / & that he filleth ſo full that he ſpeweth it out agayne / & that can he do lyghtely for he hath no necke / whan he is in peryi of dethe be other fiſſhes / than he onfacyoneth himſelfe as roūde as a bowle wt drawynge his hede into his bely / whā he hathe than hounger / He dothe ete a parte of himſelfe rather than ye other fiſſhes ſholde ete him hole and all.

Cap. xij.

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BArchora is a fiſſhe of theſe yt hath ſo ſtrōge a byll that it breketh ſtones therwith a ſonder / it ſwȳmeth be the londes ſdye & eateth graſſe & than he ſinketh again into the wat becauſe his backe ſholde nat drye / and that he than ſholde nat be able to bende at his nede / & he is taken with hokes where as other fiſſhes be feſtened on.

Cap. xiij. [Page]

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BOrbotha be fiſſhes very ſlepery ſomwhat lyke an ele / hauīge wyde mouthes & great hedes / it is a ſwete [...]ete / & whan it is xij. yere olde than it ma [...]eth bigge of body. Nota / Sotte that is a floūder of the freſſhe water / & they ſwīme on the flatte of their body & they haue finnes roūde about theyr body / & wt a ſothern wynde they waxe fatte / & they haue rede ſpottis. Brēna is a breme & it is a fiſſhe of the riuer / & whan he ſeeth the pyke that wyll take hym / than he ſinketh to the botom of ye wat & maketh it ſo trobelous that the pyke can nat ſe hym.

Cap. xiiij.

BAlena is a great beſte in the ſee & bloweth moche water from him as if it were a clowde / the ſhippes be in great daūger of him ſomtyme / & they be ſene moſte towardes winter / for in the ſomer they be hidden in ſwete brod places of the wat where it caſteth her yōges & ſuffereth ſo grete payne yt thā

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he fleteth aboue the water as one deſiringe helpe / his mouth is in the face & therfore he caſteth the more water / ſhe bringeth her yonges forthe lyke other be ſhe on erthe & it ſlepeth / in tēpeſtins wed ſhe hydeth her yōges in her mouthe / & whā it is paſt ſhe voydeth them out agayne / & they growe x. yere.

Cap. xv.

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[Page] cap. xv.

BAbilonicus be fiſſhes be babilon in the ſwete water / & they go out of the water to ete graſſe / they be bodyed wt fȳnes & tayles lyke other fiſſhes / but they be heded lyke a frogge. Selua is a meruelous great fyſſhe of the Orient ſee that throweth vp great waues of water as if it were great hilles out of the grounde and put many ſhippes in great peryll.

Cap. xvi.

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CAncer / the creuyce is a Fiſhe of ye ſee that is cloſed in a harde ſhelle hauyng many fete & clawes / and euer it crepeth bacward / & the he hathe two pȳnes on his bely / & ye ſhe hathe none / whan he wyll engender he clīmeth on her bake & ſhe turneth her ſyde towardes him & ſo they fulfyll their workes In maye they chaunge their cotes / & in wīter they hyde thē fiue monethes duringe / whā the creues hath drōken milke it may leue lōge wtout wat whā he is olde he hathe ij. ſtones in his hed with rede ſpottes that haue great vertue for if they be layde in drynke / they withdryue the payne frome the herte the creuyce eteth the Oyſters & geteth thē be policye / for whan the oyſter gapeth he throweth lytell ſtones in him & ſo geteth his fiſſhe out for it bydeth thā open.

The Operacion.

¶The Aſſhes of hym is gode to make white tethe / & to kepe the motes out of the clothes / it wtdryueth byles & heleth mangynes. The creuyce of the freſſhe water geueth gret fode but it is an heuy mete to diſieſte.

Cap. xvij.

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CAab / Iſiidorꝰ ſaith is a ſee dogge yt hathe very ſmal fete to ye quantyte of his body / & he byteth lyke a dog [Page] and he is daūgerous & ennemye to all fiſſhes / for he chaſeth the fiſſhes in the ſee as the hoūdes dothe the beſtes on ye londe where as he hathe power ouer / for he driueth them into a narowe corner of the water & there he byteth thē perillouſly / & ſomtyme the fiſhers perceyue it & they ſet nettis roūde about him & ſo take him. Auicēna ſaith that aſmoche as a muſtarde ſede of his gal is ſo venymous that if a man ete it / it ſhold ſle him in a ſe night / ſethe butter of a kowe with Romayne gencyan / & it ſhall helpe him.

Cap. xviij.

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CAuciꝰ is a fiſſhe that wyll nat be taken wt no hokes / but eteth of ye bayte & goth his way quyte. Capita [...]ꝰ is a lytel fiſſhe wt a great hede / a wyde roūde mouthe / & it hydeth him vnder the ſtones. Nota. Carpera is a carpe & it is a fyſſhe that hathe great ſcales / and the female hathe a great rowghe & ſhe can bringe forthe no yonges tyll ſhe haue receyued mylke of her make / & that ſhe receyueth at the mouth / and it is yll for to take / for whan it perceyueth that it ſhalbe taken wt the net / thā it thruſteth the hede into the mudde of the water / and than the nette ſlyppeth ouer him whiche waye ſo euer it come & ſome holde them faſt be the grounde graſſe / or erbis & ſo ſaue themſelfe.

cap. xix.

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CEtus is the greateſt whale fiſſhe of all / his mouthe is ſo wyde that he bloweth vp the water as yf it were a clowde / wherwt he drowneth many ſhippes / but whan the maryners ſpye where he is / than thei accōpany them a gret many of ſhyppes togeder about him with diuers īſtrumētis of muſike & they play with grete armonye / & the fiſſhe is very gladde of this armonye [Page] & cōmeth fletynge aboue the watere to here the melody & than they haue amonge them an inſtrument of yron ye whiche they feſtē in to the harde ſkīne & the weght of it ſynketh downwarde in to ye fatagreſe / & ſodenly wt that al ye inſtrumentes of muſike be ſtyll and ye ſhyppes departe frome thens & anone he ſinketh to the grownde / & he feleth yt the ſalt watere ſmarteth in ye woūde thā he turneth his bely vpwaerd and rubbeth his wownde agaȳſt ye groūd & the more he rubbeth the depere it entreth / & he rubbeth ſo longe yt he ſleeth hymſelf / and whan he is dede than cō meth he vp agayne and ſheweth him ſelfe dede / as he dyd before quicke / and than the ſhippes gader them togeder agayne and take & ſo lede hym to lōde & do theyr profyte with hym.

Cap. xx.

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CElethy is a fiſſhe yt bredeth eueri vi. monthes. & it hathe a rowe / & whā he caſteth his rowe thā it ſemeth that his yonges be all wormes but in cōtinent they waxe great and be like the dāme / but ſhe caſteth be the londes ſyde to haue the hete of the ſōne / & this fiſſhe hathe a great harte / and tethe lyke a bore / and it ſlepeth ſo heuely that men may take it with theyr handes. ¶Ceruleum is a monſter in ye entre of the water / and it hathe .ij. armes of lx. cubytes of lenghte / & he is ſo ſtrōge that whan there cōmeth an olyphant for to drinke at the water ſyde that he pulleth the olyphāt in to the water wt his armes / & they be lyke the creuyces armes. and oftētymes the olyphante leſeth thus his lyfe.

Cap. xxi.

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CHilon eteth nat like other fiſſhes or beſtes of theſe / but of them cō / meth a maner of moyſtnes whiche is lymye as it were ſlyme & that they ete and therof they leue / & they may faſt very well / yet they be very ſtrong and myghty. ¶Circhos is a beſte of the ſee that hathe harde blacke ſcales and [Page] in ſom place rede / & they be ſmoth / they haue .iiij. fete / the lefte fete be great / & the ryght fete be ſmale / & on euery fote be .iij. clawes lyke fyngers / & hys lefte fete bereth hym more than his ryghte fete. In tempeſtyous and wyndy weder they be weke & feble / & thā they crepe vnder the ſtones & there they holde them faſt on / & whan it is fayre weder than they come out agayne & they be ſ [...]ronge / it hath an hede almoſte like a man / & the body lyke a ſee dogge

Cap· xxij.

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COn [...]he be abydynge in ye harde ſhellis as ye mone growth or waueth ſo be the conches or muſcles fulle or nat full but ſmale / & there be many ſortes of conches or muſclys / but ye beſt be they that haue the perles in

Cap. .xxiij.

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COo [...]hele / is a ſnayle dwellīge in the water & alſo on the lōde / they go out of theyr howſes / & they thruſte out .ij. longe hornes wherwith they fele wether they go / for they ſe nat whe / re they crepe.

Cap. xxiiij.

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THe Conger is a ſe fiſſhe facioned like an ele / but they be moche greter in quātyte / & whan it bloweth ſore than waxe they fatte. ¶Polippus is alſo a ſtronge fiſſhe yt onwarſe he wyl pull a man out of a ſhyp. yet ye conger is ſo ſtronge that he wyll tere polippū a ſonder wt his teth / & in winter ye conger layth in ye depe cauernes or holes of the water. & he is nat taken but in ſomer. ¶Eſculapius ſayth. Coretz is a fiſſhe that hydeth hym in the depe of ye water whan it rayneth / for yf he receiued any rayne he ſholde waxe blynde and dye of it. ¶Iorath ſayth. The fiſſhes that be named ſe craues / whāne they haue yōges / they make ſuche noiſe yt through theyr noyſe they be foūde and taken.

Cap. xxv. [Page]

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THe Cocodrillus is a beſte wt .iiij. fete / as well leuȳge in the water as on the londe. as it is before ſpecyfyed in ye .xliiij. chapt in ye fyrſt boke / and ther is al his nature & proꝑtie ſhewed

Cap. xxvi.

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THe Dragon of ye ſee is a monſter very myſcheuous & dangerous as the londe dragō / & he is very longe. but he hathe no wynges & he hathe a wrōge tayle / & his ſkȳne is full of harde ſcales / but ī a ſhorte whyle he ouer rōneth a gret wat. The Iuſt of alſo is good for the byte or ſtȳge of ye ſe dragō.

Cap. xxvij.

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DElphinꝰ is a mōſter of the ſee & it hath no voyce but it ſingheth lyke a man / and towarde a tempeſt it playeth vpon the water Some ſay whan they be taken that they wepe The delphin hath none eares for to here / nor no noſe for to ſmelle / yet it ſmelleth very well & ſharpe. and it ſlepeth vpon the water very hartely that thei be hard ronke a farre of / and thei leue C.xl. yere. & they here gladly plaȳge on inſtrumentes as lutes / harpes / ta / bours / and pypes They loue their yonges very well and they fede them lōge with the mylke of their pappes / & they haue many yonges & amonge thē all be .ij. olde ones that yf it fortuned one of ye yonges to dye thā theſe olde ones wyll burye them depe in the gorwnd of the ſee / becauſe othere fiſſhes ſholde nat ete thys dede delphyn ſo well they loue theyr yonges. There was ones a kinge yt had takē a delphin / whyche [Page] he cauſed to be bounde wt chaynes faſt at a hauen where as the ſhippes come in at / & there was alway the pyteouſt wepynge / and lamentynge that the kynge coude nat for pyte / but let hym go agayne

Cap. xxviij.

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DEntrix is a beſte of the ſee with many gret tethe. / and he is couered with a harde ſtronge ſhellys / and byteth oyſters very ſore / and he eteth other ſmale fiſſhes. Dētrix is the ſame that pagrus is as her after ſhalbe ſpoken of. Nota Dies is a fiſſhe and whan it is full made and full growen than it leueth but a daye / and it hathe ij. wīges & .ij. fete but it hath no blode

Cap. xxix.

ALbertus ſayth Eraſoldes is a fiſſhe and he foloweth the ſwete waters / and cōmeth ſomtyme into the caues or holes of the water abydynge there the freſſhenes of the water / that cōmeth out of the erthe. ¶Eroninus is a fiſſhe in archadie (as Pliniꝰ ſayth and he muſte ſlepe / and for to ſlepe he gooeth out of the water vpō the londe and there he reſteth / fore he can not leue without ſlepe Nota Ericius is a ſee fyſſhe / and hathe his hede and hys mouthe beneth / and his voydinge place aboue / and he hath rede fyſſhe

Cap. xxx.

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ELcus is a ſee calf whyche hathe a hery ſkynne mixed wyth whyte ſpottys and blacke. and this beſte brȳ geth her yonges vpon the erth and fe / deth them with mylke of here pappis and they be .xij. dayes olde or ſhe bryngeth them to the water. this beſte can nat lightely be ſlayne except it be ſtricken in the hede and brayne peryſſhed [Page] & this beſte doth ſlepe ſo harde that he ronteth ſo ſore that ſome wene that he cryeth / alſo ſomme ſay that his ryght fynne layde vnder the ſlepe of a mannes hede wyll cauſe a mā to ſlepe well & the here of thys beſte ſkȳne whan it is ſlayn / ryſeth wt the flode / & falleth wt the ebbe or wt the roughe wedere and ſmoche

Cap. xxxi.

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ECheola is a muſkle / in whoſe fyſſhe is a precious ſtone / & be night they flete to the water ſyde / and there they receyue the heuenly dewe where throughe there groweth in thē a coſtly margaret or orient perle / & they flete a great many togeder / & he yt knoweth ye water beſt / gothe before & ledeth the other / & whan he is taken all the other ſcater a brode and geteth them away

Cap. xxxij

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EQuus marinus / that is the ſee hors / and is a monſter of the ſee / & he is before lyke a hors / and behinde like a fiſſhe / and it is very ſtronge / butt whan it is out of the wat than it hath no myght. for Ariſtoteles ſaythe. yf it lacke water it muſte dye / and it leueth of other fiſſhes / and it is daungerous but it is a afryde of man.

¶Equonilus is a beſte veri ſtrōge & is a monſter in the watere of Nylus and is foted and clawed lyke the cocodrillꝰ & doth moche harme vnto man & in thoſe partyes greate ſcathe / & hys ſkȳne is a cubite thyke / and therfore he cā ye worſe be ouercome.

Ca. xxxiij. [Page]

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Effimerion is a fiſſhe that groweth of nature / & whan he hathe leued iij. houres in the daye than he dyeth. Eſcarus is a fiſſhe that eteth graſſe & other erbys but no fiſſhe / & he hath ful comen tethe & that yt he wyll ete yt putteh he to his mouthe lyke as yf he had handes.

cap. xxxiiij.

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EStinꝰ is a fiſſhe ſomwhat ſibbe to the creues / and is an halfe fote longe and is almoſte of the fygure of ye ſcorpion and thei make .v. egges. and they be bytt & the fiſſhes be venimous & may nat be etē.

Cap. xxxv.

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ERox is a great fiſſhe in ye danowe & in ſome wats yt this danowe rō neth into / & they of hūgary and the almayns name this fiſſhe huſones / & he hath ye figure of the ſamon / & he hath a croked byll lyke ye hawke / & the vpper parte of his byll hath a hole where as the vnd parte cōmeth into / & ſo cloſeth & his fiſſhe is nat delicious as ye ſamō nor ſo rede nor he hathe no ſcales / and his ſkȳne is wtout pīnes / & it is whyte & whā thei be ful growen thā be they well .xxv fote longe / & ſhorter & ſmaler after yt they be of age / and he hathe no mouth but a greate hole as yf it were perſed wt a great awger / & the mete of hym is lyke calues fleſſhe. & this fiſſhe cōmeth oftentimes be ye ſturgeon and rubbeth him vpō ye ſturgeon & is oftē / tymes ſo takē

Cap. xxxvi

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Ethynꝰ is a lytell fyſſhe of half a fote longe / & hathe ſharpe prykcles vnder his bely in ſtede of fete [Page] & he hath wynges vnder his bely lyke fete. & this litell fiſſhe can holde ſtyl ſtā dinge a ſhype of .ij.c. tōne wt all his ballaſt & berynge all his ſayles though he haue grete ſtrōge wynde that he ſhall nat meue & ther is nat other reaſon to this but that god dothe meruelous thī ges in his creatures / and whā this fiſſhe perceyueth that there ſhalbe any tempeſt thā ſinketh he to the botom of the water and fetcheth there a ſtone & fleteth therwt ſo ſurely that ye wawes of the water can nat caſt hym out

Cap. xxxvij

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Ezox / is a very grete fiſſhe in that water danowe be the londe of hū garye / he is of ſuche bygnes that a carte with .iiij. horſes can nat cary hym awaye / and he hath nat many bones but his hede is full / and he hath ſwete fiſſhe lyke a porke and whan this fyſſhe is taken thāne geue hym mylke to drynke and ye may carye hym many a myle and kepe hym longe quicke

Cap. xxxviij.

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FOcas is a ſee bulle & is very ſtrō ge & dangerous / and he feghteth euer with his wyf tyll ſhe be dede / and whan he hath kylled her than he caſteth her out of his place & ſeketh a no / ther and leueth with her very well tyl he dye / or tyll his wyfe ouercome him and kylle hȳ / he bydeth alway in one place / he and his yonges leue be ſuche as they can gete. ¶Galata is a beſte that dothe on naturall dedys / for whā ſhe feleth her yōges quycke or ſtere in her body / thā ſhe draweth thē out & lo / keth vpon thē / yf ſhe ſe they be to yōge thā ſhe putteth thē in agayne & lateth them growe tyll they be bygger

Cap. xxxix.

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FAſtaleō is a fyſſhe that eteth no fyſſhe that is ſibbe to hym / yet other fiſſhes doth ete theyr kīne yf they can ouercome them. ¶Iorath. Faſtes is a fiſſhe that taketh ſalt water in his mouth and maketh it ſwete / and than cōmeth ye ſmale fyſſhes ī to his mouth to haue of that ſwete water and than he ſwaloweth them downe / and thus they be begyled ¶Pliniꝰ Fices is a fiſſhe that chaūgeth his colour / and in maye he is of many colours / and ther is no fiſſh yt bildeth a neſt but this & in his neſt he bryngeth furth his yōges.

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Cap. xl.

GLadiꝰ is a fiſſhe ſo named becauſe he is mouthed after the faſcyō of a ſworde poynt / and ther fore often tymes he perſeth ye ſhyppes thorough & ſo cauſeth them to be drowned. Ariſtotiles. Gaſtarios is a fiſſhe lyke the ſcorpion / and is but lytell greter than a ſpyder / & it ſtyngeth many fiſſhes wt her poyſon ſo that they cā nat endure nowhere / and he ſtyngeth the dolphin on the hede yt it entreth in to ye brayne ¶Iſidorus Glaucus is a whyte fiſſh that is but ſelden ſene except in darke rayne weder / and is nat in ſeaſon but in the howndes dayes.

Cap. xli.

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GObio is a ſmale longe fiſſh with a roūde body full of ſcales and litell blacke ſpottys / and ſome ſaye they leue of droūde caryō / & the fiſſhers ſay contrarye yt they leue in clere watere in ſand ye grauell / and it is a holſom mete. ¶Grauus is a fiſſhe that hath an iye aboue on hys hede / and therwt he loketh vp and ſaueth hym from thē that wyll eat hym

Cap. xlij. [Page]

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Gamanes is a water beſte / & whā ſhe hathe caſte her yōges thā ſhe rōneth a ſtray & regardeth thē nomo / re & thā cōmeth yt he & ēcloſeth thē roūd about wt wode becauſe othere fiſſhes ſholde nat hurte them. & whā he fortuneth to be takē in a nette / thā he thynketh on his yonges and burſteth ye nette aſonder and ſo eſcapeth

Cap. xliij.

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HAimo is a fiſſhe of many maner of colours / & wil nat be takē but wt an angle rodde / & they ſwīme to geder in greate hepys for to haue ſwete metys / and they haue a ſtone in theyr hedys ¶The ſee ſwalowes be like [...]he ſwalowes on the erth / & they abyde alway vpon the ſee / & they haue wȳges & flee vp to the clowdy firmament

Cap. xliiij.

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THe ſtone bore of the ſee whoſe ſtones be ſet about wyth ſharpe pynnes lyke the cheſtone growynge on the tre / & it is theſame beſte that is ſpokē of in ye .lxxvij. chapter in ye fyrſt boke of th [...] p̄ſent volume.

cap. xlv.

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RAlaor is a ſe fiſſhe & whā ye rayn falleth vpon hym thā he waxeth blynd / & can no ſeke his mete / and thā [Page] it dieth for hūger. Karbora is a fiſſhe that lyueth longe after he be taken for he hathe freſſhe water laynge on his entrayles wheron he fedeth longe tyme. Kyloch is a ſee fiſhe laynge in a ſhell lyke a ſnayle & his mouthe is in ye myddell of his body / & whan he feleth ought he ſinketh to ye groūde & cleueth faſt to a ſtone.

Cap. xlvi.

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RArabo Iſidorus ſaithe is a fiſſhe that liueth of the mudde / and hiſ fiſſhe ſtinketh / he hath a brode tayle to turne quickely / and they make partyes agaynſt eche other in great hepys and ſo feght right cruelly / and they take ſomtime fiſſhes and tere them aſonder and than ete them and whan this fiſſhe is afrayd thā it gothe bacward lyke the creuyce / and ellis at all other tymes it gothe as other fyſſhes dothe

Cap. xlvij

ROky Ariſtotiles ſaith is a ſe beſt and hathe great ſharpe tethe / & his condycyon is / that he liueth bothe

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on water & on londe / but becauſe his legges be weke he is leuer in ye water / it is tayled lyke an herte / and in all ꝓportions and condiciōs it is lyke focas in ye xxxviij. chapt before ſpecified.

Cap. xlviij.

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[Page]LEo marinꝰ / the ſee lyon is lyke the lyon of the londe / but the lyō on the londe is full of pryde / & the lyon of the ſee is very meke / & ellis they be lyke of all condicyons and ſtrengthe / wherfore I wryte nomore of him.

Cap. xlix.

LEpus marinꝰ / the ſeehare hath a hede lyke the londe hare but it is poyſon bothe in mete & drinke / and they be foūde in ye ſees of Inde / & there is no beſte of theſe yt toucheth him but he muſt dye / yf a man touche him both he & the man dieth / he that drinketh of this beſte in his drinke he hath a ſhort breth red iyen a drye hede he ſpeweth blode and can make no water.

Cap. l.

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LVdolacra is a meruelous fiſſhe or beſte of nature / and it is meruelouſly ſhapē / for it hath ij. wynges vnder his iawes and ij. wynges on his backe / wherwith he flyeth meruelouſly ſore and well.

Cap. li.

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LOligo is a meruelous monſter. his ſkinne is full of ſhales he hathe wīges of quilles & feders for to fly he ſwīmeth wt other fiſſhes in ye groū de of theſe / & whan he is wery there he flyeth ſodenly vp into the ayre / but & ye wynde be boyſtous he muſt downe agayne to the groūde of theſe be force. Nota. Sepia & loligo haue eche of thē two longe fete wherwith they grype their mete / They liue but ſelden aboue two yere And ſome ſay that aboute ye moris lande be ſo may that they droū de the ſhippes oftentymes.

Cap. lij.

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LOcuſta marīa is named ye ſprīg [...]ocke of the ſee it is four cubytes longe / he waxeth lene in the winter / & than he layth hidden fiue monthes duringe. in may and harueſt he is fatte and wt the newe mone he waxeth gret Whanpolippus ſeeth this fiſſhe than he dyeth for fear.

Cap. liij.

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LVcius is a pike / a fiſſhe of ye riuer wt a wyde mouthe & ſharpeteth whan ye perche ſpieth him / he turneth his tayle towardes him / & than ye pike dare nat byte of him becauſe of his finnes or he can nat ſwalowe him becauſe he is ſo ſharpe / he eteth venimoꝰ beſtes as todes frogges & ſuche like yet it is ſayde yt he is very holſom for ſeke peple He eteth fiſſhes almoſt aſmoche as himſelfe / whā they be to bigge thā he byteth thē in ij. peces & ſwaloweth the one halfe firſt & thā the other / he is engendered wt a weſterne wynde.

Cap. liiij.

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LVpus marinꝰ is moche lyke the londe wolfe for very pure glotonye he foloweth ye other fiſſhes / & whā he is ſet about to be take wt the nette he ſinketh to the groūde & maketh ther a hole depe wt his tayle & therī he ſitteth & whā they drawe the nette it ſlippeth ouer him / but if he be taken wt an hoke he ſtruggeleth & hurteth hīſelfe ſo ſore that the hoke breſteth out agayn / he caſteth his yōges ij. in a yere / in an hard & ſharpe winter they waxe blinde / and oftentymes they be taken whan they be ſo blynde.

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Cap. lv.

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MEgaris is a fyſſhe of a handfull longe / it is very profitable to the peple in the londe where they be taken Milago is a ſe fiſhe yt hathe winges & flieth: whan it flyeth out of the water on the londe yt betokeneth fayr weder. Miluꝰ is a fiſſhe in the occian ſe yt lighteneth be night vpon ye wat as it were a fyre of wode / & he hathe hornes vpon his hede almoſte vi. fote longe.

Cap. lvi.

MVgilus is a very ſwift fiſſhe in ſwȳmynge / for whā he feleth any nette that ſholde take him / than he turneth hī ſwiftly & lepeth quyte ouer the nette & it ſemeth that he fleeth / but whan he is in fear than he hydeth his hede & weneth that all his body be hidden / and whan this fiſſhe is takē than they feſten him wt a lytell corde thrugh the iawes & within a whyle his make foloweth him and is taken alſo.

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Nota. Mugilus / whan yt an angle or hoke with mete is caſt out to take him than knoweth he well that vnder that mete is deſceyt / and thā he taketh his tayle and ſtryketh of the mete / and he eteth it than.

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[Page] Cap. lvij.

MVsmarinꝰ the ſee mouſe gothe out of the water & there ſhe laith her egges in a hole of the erthe & couereth the eges & goth her way & bydeth frome them xxx. dayes and than commeth agayne and oncouereth them & than there be yōges & them ſhe ledeth into ye water & they be firſt al blynde. Muſculꝰ is a fiſſhe yt layth harde ſhellis and of it the great monſter balena receyueth her nature & it is named to be the cocke of balena. Muſtela is the ſee weſyll / ſhe caſteth her yonges lyke other beſtes / & whā ſhe hath caſt them yf ſhe perceiue that they ſhall be foūde ſhe ſwaloweth them agayne into her body and than ſeketh a place wher as they may be ſurer without daūger / & than ſhe ſpeweth them out agayne.

Cap. lviij.

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MVrir is a fiſſhe in an harde ſhell wherin ſhe can nat hyde all her obdy becauſe of a let that ſhe hathe on her mouthe / the hynder parte of thys fiſſhe is drye & in the fore parte of it is a noble moiſtour to dye purpre ſilke wt whiche muſt be taken out of him whā he is alyue / for whā he dyeth he caſteth it frome him / and they lay hidden thre hōdred dayes or they come forth / they conceyue of the dewe & haue yōges in may.

Cap. lix.

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MVrena is a lōge fiſſhe wt a weke ſkinne lyke a ſerpent / & it conceyueth of the ſerpēt vipera / it liueth longeſt in the tayle for whā that is cut of it dyeth incōtinent / it muſt be ſoden in gode wyne wt herbes & ſpices or ellis it is very daūgeroꝰ to be eten / for it hath many venymous humours and it is euyll to diſieſte.

Cap. lx.

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[Page]MVltipes is a ſee fiſſhe that hathe many fete on bothe ſydes / & this fiſſhe maketh a neſte of grene wode / & it layeth but one egge / & it bredeth it xl dayes longe / than cōmeth out of this one grete egge innumerable wormes and they become all fiſſhes / or ellis the kynred ſholde fayle lightely For they ete eche other

Cap. lxi.

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MVlus is a ſee fyſſhe yt is ſmale of body / & is only a mete for gentils & there be many maners of theſe / but the beſt be thoſe yt haue ij. berdes vnd the mouthe / & whan it is fayre weder than they ware fatte / whan he is dede than he is of many colours.

Cap. lxij.

MOnachꝰ marinꝰ is theſe mōke it hathe a hede lyke a monke yt is newe ſhoren aboue the eres wt a whyt plotte on the hede / wt a roūde ringe as if it ware here / but the face is noſed lyke another fiſſhe & alſo all his body. This monſter dothe gladly deceyue ye people / for he cōmeth on the water nye to the lōde & playeth there many toys & he that cōmeth nigh hym than to be holde him / he plucketh thē to him and droūdeth them & than eteth them in ye botom of the water. ¶Nota. Monocheron is a monſter wt a long horne in his hede wherwith he dothe great harme to ſuche ſhippes as he meteth.

Cap. lxiij.

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NArcos is ſuche maner of fiſſhe / & of ſuche wonderfull propertyes and cōdicyons that whan the fiſſhers caſt out their nettis and wyl take him be policye with the nette / than he doth deceyue theym and tereth the nette a ſonder from vnder vp to the handes of the fiſſhers / and hurteth the fyſſhers handes right perilouſly ſore excepte yt they let the nette go the ſoner. [Page]

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Natilos is a mōſter of ye ſe / & ſwīmeth hye aboue the waflike a horſe & hath ij. armes yt haue thīne fleces like ſkynnes & them he ſetteth vp in the ayre in ſtede of ſayles / and wt the vnder parte of his armes he roweth / & wt his tayle he ſtereth hīſelf forthe / & whan he is in fere thā he ſinketh downe agayn into ye depth of ye water

Cap. lxiiij.

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[...]Ereydes be monſters of ye ſee all rowghe of body / & whan any of them dyeth thā the other wepe. of this is ſpokē in balena the .xiiij. chapter ¶Orchū is a monſter of ye ſe / whoſe ly / kenes can nat lightely be ſhewed / & he is mortal ēnemye to ye balene & tereth aſonder the bely of the balene / & the balene is ſo boyſtous yt he can nat turne hym to defende him and yt coſteth him his lyfe / for as ſone as he feleth hī ſelfe woūded than he ſinket [...] [...]owne to the botom of the water agayne / & the Or / chū throweth at him wt ſtones / & thus balena endith his lyfe

Cap. lxv.

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ORbis is a fiſſhe / & is hole roūde & hath no ſhales / & all his ſtrenght is in his hede.

Cap. lxvi.

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OStren̄ is an oyſter that openeth his ſhell to receyue ye dewe & ſwete ayre In ye oyſter groweth naturali [Page] orient perles that oftentymes laye on the ſee ſtronde & be but lytell regarded as Iſidorus ſaith.

Cap. lxvij.

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Pagrus is a fiſſhe that hath ſo harde tethe yt he byteth ye oyſter ſhelles in peces & eteth out the fiſſhe of thē. Nota Pauus maris is the Pecocke of theſe & is lyke the pecocke of the londe bothe his backe necke & hede / & the nether body is fiſſhe. Nota Pertus is of diuers colours & ſwift in rōnynge in ye water & hathe ſharpe finnes & is a holſome mete for ſeke people. Pecten is a fiſſhe that is in ſandy groūde & whā he is meued or ſtered he wynketh.

Cap. lxviij.

PLataniſta is a fiſſhe engendred in freſſhe wat & than cōmeth into ye ſee they be mouthed lyke a dolphȳ wt a tayle of xvi. cubytes longe / they cōpany in great hepes & they haue ij.

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armis wherwt they do great harme to the oliphātis whan they come to ye trō des for to drinke. Perua is a muſcle very great & yelowe / and wtin the ſhell it hathe a fayre ſhynynge ſkinne that is very coſtly wherwt in thoſe partyes women be rychely attyred.

Cap· lxix.

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[Page]PIſtris is a great beſte in the ſee / & there it bloweth ſomtyme ſo moche wat ſtandinge vp right that it putteth often / ſhippes in great daūger.

Cap. lxx.

PInna is a fiſſhe yt layeth alwaye in the mudde and hathe alway a lodiſmā / & ſome name it a lytel hoge & it hathe a roūde body & it is in a ſhell lyke a muſcle it layth in the mone as it were dede gapyng open / and than the ſmale fiſſhes come into his ſhel wenīg of him to take their repaſte / but whan he feleth yt his ſhell is almoſte ful / than he cloſeth his mouthe & taketh them & eteth them / & parteth them amōge his felowes. The playce is well knowen fiſſhe for he is brode & blake on the one ſyde and whyte on the other·

Cap. lxxi.

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POrcus marinus / the ſee hoge is moche lyke the londe hogge / for whan it ſeketh his mete / it turneth vp the erth in the groūd of theſe / his mouthe is be ye throte / It hathe briſtels and finnes / wherof ſome be ſtrong poyſon he is moſt parte all greſe The remedy for this briſtell or ſtinge is his owne ꝓper gall

Cap. lxxij.

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POliyyus hath gret ſtrength in his fete / what he therin cacheth he holdeth it faſt / he ſprīgeth ſomtyme vp to the ſhippes ſyde & ſnacheth a mā wt him to the groūde of the ſee & there eteth him / & that yt he leueth he caſteth it out of his denne agayn / they be moche in theſe about Venis / & he is taken in barellis where hartys hornes be layd in / for he is gladly be thoſe hornes.

Cap. lxxiij.

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[Page]PVngitiuꝰ is a litel fiſſhe wt ſharp prickīge finnes & ſome ſay they growe in the water wtout ſede & the he hathe a rede nebbe & nst ye ſhe / & ſome ſay that all other fiſſhes grow of them For if a newe viuer be made & yt theee grow of thoſe fiſſhes in it the firſt yere the next yere there ſhalbe of al maner of other fiſſhes in it yt than of it ſhalbe engendered.

Cap. lxxiiij.

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PVrpures be ſee muſcles yt gader togeder in may / & they be of the ſame properties that murix is of in ye lviij. chapter of this leſt boke.

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Cap. lxxv.

RAite be fiſſhes of theſe named of the gentil fiſſhes & where as many be he is but litel ſet by / he is almoſt rounde & hathe ferfull iyen and is as brode as he is longe & hathe a tayll ful of thornes / & the tayll is lyke a ſnake his fiſſhe is ſlimye and he waxeth fatt with a ſotheren wynde.

Nota. Gachaes is a fiſſhe that wyll make a mā lame that eteth of him.

Cap. lxxvi.

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RAna marina / The ſee frogge hathe wynges & ſhe is longe hiddē or ſhe ſhewe herſelfe: and than gothe ſhe on the grene where theſe dryueth awaye and there ſhe taketh the ſmale fyſſhes that ſhe eteth.

Cap. lxxvij. [Page]

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RVmbus is a great fiſſhe ſtronge & bolde / but he is very ſlow ī ſwī mīge therfor can he gete his mete but ſoberly wt ſwīmyng / therfor he layth him down in the groūde or mudde & hideth him there / and all the fiſſhes that he can ouercome / cōmynge for by him he taketh and eteth them.

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Cap. lxxviij.

RVbus is a fiſſhe of the grekes ſe & of the ſees of ytaly / they be roū de lyke a ringe & haue many rede ſpottes / & is full of ſharpe finnes & pinnis / he is ſlow in ſwīmynge becauſe he is ſo brode / he gothe be the groūde & wayteth there his praye / & ſuche fiſſhes as he can gete he burieth in the ſandes & it is a very ſwete fiſſhe. Gya [...]he be fiſſhes that be roūde / ſomtyme they be in length & brede two cubites / & it hath a longe tayle / theron be ſharpe pīnes / & it is ſlowe in ſwīmynge.

Cap. lxxix

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SAlmo is a fyſſhe engendred in the ſwete water & he waxeth longe & gret / & alſo he is heuy / & his colour nor ſauour is nat gode tyll he haue ben in the ſalt wat & proued it / thus draweth the ſamon to the water agaynſt ye ſtreme he neuer ſeaſeth tyll he haue ben ī [Page] theſe and returned agayn to his olde home as Phiſiologua ſaith / his fiſſhe is rede & he may nat liue in a ſwet ſtā dinge water / he muſt be in a freſſhe riuer that he may playe vp and doūe at his pleſure. Salpa is a fowle fiſſhe and lytell ſet by / for it wyll neuer be y / nough for no maner of dreſſinge tyll it haue ben beten with grete hamers & ſtaues.

Cap. lxx.

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SPargus is a ſe fiſſhe that whan ye fiſſher caſteth his nette ta take hȳ than rōneth he into the nette alone or he be taken. Nota. Staurus is a luſty fiſſhe / & he chaweth hia mete lyke ye oxe dothe longe after that he hath etē for he hath but fewe tethe / & of theſe fiſſhes be many amonge the romaynes in the water of Tyber.

Cap. lxxi.

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SEpis is a fiſſhe that receiueth her ſede thrugh the mouthe / & ſhe layeth egges that becōm ful comly yōges within forty nightis / and they ſwīme payre & payre togeder.

Cap. lxxij.

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SErra is a fyſſhe with great tethe and on his backe he hathe ſharpe fynnes lyke the combe of a cocke / and iagged lyke a ſawe wherwt thys monſtrous fiſſhe cutteth a ſhip thorough & whan he ſeeth a ſhippe cōmynge than he ſetteth vp his fin̄es & thīketh to ſayl [Page] with the ſhippe as faſt as it / but whan he ſeeth that he can nat cōtinue / thā he latteth his finnes fall agayn & deſtroieth the ſhippe with the people and thā eteth the dede bodyes. Nota. Scilla is a monſter in the ſee betwene Italye & Sicill / it is great ennemye vnto mā It is faced & handed lyke a gentylwoman / but it hath a wyde mouthe & ferfull tethe / & it is belied like a beſte & tayled lyke a dolphin / it hereth gladly ſinginge. It is in the wat ſo ſtronge that it can nat be ouercome / but on ye lond it is but weke.

Cap. lxxxiij.

[figure]

Syrene. the mermayde is a dedely beſte that bringeth a man gladly to dethe / frome the nauyll vp ſhe is lyke a woman wt a dredfull face / a longe ſlymye here a grete body & is lyke the egle ī the nether parte / hauīge fete and talētis cote ar aſonder ſuche as ſhe geteth / her tayl is ſcaled like a fiſſhe / and ſhe ſingeth a maner of ſwete ſong and therwith deceyueth many a gode mariner / for whā they here it they fall on ſlepe cōmonly / & than ſhe cōmeth and draweth them out of the ſhippe and tereth them aſonder / they bere their yō ges in their armes & geue them ſouke of their papis whiche be very grete hā ginge at their breſtis / but ye wyſe maryners ſtoppe their eares whan they ſe her / for whan ſhe playth on the wat all they be in fear & than they caſt out an empty tōne to let her play wt it tyll they be paſt her / this is ſpecifyed of thē yt haue ſene it. Ther be alſo in ſome places of arabye ſerpētis named ſirenes that ronne faſter than an horſe & haue wynges to flye.

Cap. lxxxiiij.

[figure]

SPinatis is a lytell fiſſhe ſet roūde about with ſharpe pinnes ſo that none other fiſſhes may byte hym. Squatinꝰ is a fiſſhe in ye ſe of fiue cubites longe: his tayle is a fote brode & he hideth him in the ſlimy mudde of ye ſe & marreth al other fiſſhes that come nigh him it hath ſo ſharpe a ſkīne that in ſom places they ſhaue wode with it & bone alſo / on his ſkine is blacke ſhort here. The nature hathe made him ſo harde that he can nat almoſte be perſed with nouther yron nor ſtele.

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SQlaris is a fiſhe ſo named becauſe it is gladly be the londes ſyde in the ſon̄e / he hathe a great hede a wyde mouth & a blake ſkine & ſlipper as an ele / it waxeth gret & is gode to be eten. Solea is the ſole that is a ſwete fiſſhe and holſom for ſeke people.

Cap. lxxxvi.

[figure]

SOlopēdria is a fiſſhe / whan he hathe ſwalowed ī an angle than he ſpueth out al his guttes till he be quyt of the hoke / and than he gadereth ī all his guttes agayne. Tge Scorpion of the ſee is ſo named becauſe whā he is taken in any mannys handes he pricketh him wt his ſtinge of his tayle. Pliniꝰ ſaith that the dede creuyce that layeth on the drye ſonde be the ſee ſyde becōmeth ſcorpyons.

Cap. lxxxvij

[figure]

SPōgia marina is of diuers ſortes ſome cleuefaſt to the [...]ones / ſome flete away: they as growe to ye ſtones whan they be drawen of / of their r [...]tes doth growe newe: ſome liue in ye muddy water of theſe. Squamis maris is a fiſſhe of fyue fote longe: wt a tayle of halfe a fote brode: he layeth hidden in the mudde of the ſee / whan other fiſſhes go ouer him: them he taketh and eteth: and it is of the nature of ſkīne & hardnes ye ſquitanea is of in ye lxxxiiij chapter. Nota. Scintus is a wat beſte dwellinge in the water of Nilus and it hathe the figure of Cocodrillus / but it is moche laſſe: & of his fleſſhe taken in venymous drynke: voydeth all the venyme and ſheweth the to cōmynge wynde and wedder.

Cap. lxxxviij. [Page]

[figure]

SCintus is a ſee beſte in Inde aſmoche as Lacertꝰ / but he hathe a greter bely / & in his middle it hathe longe cleftes where through it draweth hys fode / & of him layde in wyne / and that wyne dronke / geueth a man ſo great corage to carnall luſt / that he can nat ſatiſfye him of the woman / and alſo he voydeth ſo moche nature that ye blode foloweth / & for this no remedye but to drinke the iuſte of latys.

Cap. lxxxix.

[figure]

STurio / the ſturgiō is a gret fiſſhe in the rōninge waters / and he taketh no fode ī his body but lyueth of ye ſtyl and ſwete ayres / therfore he hathe a ſmall bely / wt a hede and no mouthe but vnder his throte he hathe a hole yt he cloſeth whan he wyll / he openeth it whan it is fayre weder / & with an eaſt wynde he wareth fat / and whan that the north winde bloweth / than falleth he to the groūde / it is a fiſſhe of ix. fote longe whan he is ful growen / he hath whyte ſwete fleſſhe & yolow fatte / & he hathe no bone in all his body but only in his hede.

Cap. xc.

[figure]

STella is a ſe fiſſhe in the we [...] ſees & is a [...]erre branched like peecles and ſome ſay al that he meueth dothe brenne / and what he eteth is foūde in him as harde as biſket bre [...]e.

Cap. xci.

[figure]

SVngia is a beſte of the ſee that hā geth with his blode on the ſtones for whan he is cutte of he leueth of his blode behynde him. There be other that ſwȳme in the water be the londe [Page] of champanie & thei name them fiſtules / they wyll ete brede in the wat / but no mete where as an hoke is feſtened on

Cap. xcij.

[figure]

TEcna is a tenche of the freſſhe water and is fedde in the mudde lyke ye ele / & is moche lyke of colours it is a ſwete fiſſhe but it is euyll to diſieſt ¶Tintinalus is a fayre mery fiſſhe & is ſwete of ſauour & well ſmellinge ly / ke the tyme where of it bereth the name ¶Torpido is a fiſſhe but who ſo handeleth hym ſhalbe lame & defe of lȳmes / that he ſhall fele no thyng / & it hathe a maner of Squitana yt is ſpokē of in ye .lxxxiiij. chapter & his nature

Cap. xciij.

TErebius is a fiſſhe a fote longe / & v. inches thycke. Plinius ſayth. that this fiſſhe hathe ſuche a vertue / yt one of thē ſalted and kept / & whā tyme is that one hath lett fall a pece of golde into a great pytt or well wt water lette downe this fiſſhe wt a lyne or corde in to the botom of it / & the golde ſhalle folowe the fiſſhe to the brynkes of ye wat

[figure]

and ſwīme vpon it wt the fiſſhe / in ſo / mer it is blacke / in winter it is white. Trebius only aboue all other fyſſhes dothe brede on a tre named Alga / and there it layth egges / this fiſſhe is in ye great occian ſee / & there perſeth often tymes the ſhippis with his hard neb and droūdeth them.

¶Trncka / the trowte is a fiſſhe of the ryuer & hathe ſcales and vpō his body ſpottys of yelow and blodye coloure. & his fiſſhe is rede frome ye monthe of Iuly. to the monthe of Nouēber / and is moche ſweter than ye freſſhe ſamō and all the other part of the yere his fiſſhe is whyte

Cap. xciiij.

[figure]

[Page]TEſteū is beſte of the ſee that hath ſo harde a ſkȳne in the ſalte wat yt ye naturall hete can haue no power to enter in hym / & therfore he goth to ye freſſhe water & that maketh him neſſhe & ſofte in ſuche wiſe / yt he receiueth ye naturall ayre thoroughe his harde ſkȳnr.

Ca. xcv.

[figure]

TEſtudo is a fyſſhe in a ſhelle & is in ye ſe of Inde / & his ſhelle is very great & like a muſkle / & be nyght they go out for theyr mete / & whan they ha / ue eten theyr bely full / thā they ſlepe ſwȳmīg vpon the wat. thā ther come iij. fiſſhers botes / of ye wiche .iij. twayn take one of theſe muſkles Solinus ſayth. yt this muſkle hathe his vppermeſt ſhell ſo brode that it may couere a howſe / where many folke may hyde them vnder / And it gothe out the wat vpon the londe / & there it layth an hondred egges as grete as goſe eggis / & couer thē wt erth / & oftentymes be night it gothe to the eggys & layeth vpō thē wt her [...]reſt / & than become they yōges

Cap. xcvi.

[figure]

TIgruis is a ſee beſt that brīgeth forth her yōges ī ye wat & nat vppō the wat / & ſomtyme thei go out of ye water whan a north wȳde bloweth / & than they be halfe blynde wt the lefte iye / & they folowe the ſhippes to ſe cu / riouſnes of thē & theyr ſayles / whā it is .iij. or .iiij. yere olde thā it waxeth ſo fatte yt it dyeth almoſt for fatnes. Solinꝰ ſayth. In Ethiope be tigruis of yelowe colour that haue .ij. pappys hanginge at theyr breſte and therof theyr yonges dothe ſucke

[figure]

[Page]

[figure]

HEere endyth the wonderfulle ſhape & nature yt our ſauyor cryſte Iheſu hath created in beſtys / ſerpētys on ye erth / fowles in ye ayre and fiſſhes & monſters in the water & ſee / to the behoue of vs mankinde his ſimple leuȳge creatures that he hath created of nought vnto his owne ſimilitude and lykenes / wherfore we ſhall pray to our lady ſaȳt mary and to all the glorious cōpany of heuen for grace that they wyll praye for vs vnto almighty god yt we ſo may deſerue hys gyftes of grace that he of his benygne goodnes graunt vs after this tranſitory lyfe / ye lyfe and ioyes euerlaſtinge. Amen

§

Tranſlated be me Laurens andrewe of the towne of Calis / in the famous cite of Andwarpe Emprented be me Iohn̄ of Doeſborowe

Plinius

Phiſiologꝰ

Ariſtoteles

Diaſcorides

¶Theſe fornamed maiſters & many other teſtifye ye thruthe of all theſe fornamed beſtes / ſerpētis / fowles / & monſters yt be written of in thys preſente volume / to the behoue of mankynde.

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§

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The noble lyfe & natures of man

Of beſtes / ſerpents / fowles & fishes yt be moſte knowen.

Information about this book

Title statement

The noble lyfe a[nd] natures of man of bestes, serpentys, fowles a[nd] fisshes [that] be moste knoweu [sic].Hortus sanitatis. English.

Edition statement

1527

Publication

Publisher

Text Creation Partnership,

Place of publication

Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :

Date

2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A68218

ID [STC]

STC 13837.5

ID [STC]

ESTC S121156

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

99856343

ID [PROQUEST]

99856343

ID [VID]

21881

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Early English books online.

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(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A68218)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 21881)

Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1495:10)

Source

— The noble lyfe a[nd] natures of man of bestes, serpentys, fowles a[nd] fisshes [that] be moste knoweu [sic]., Hortus sanitatis. English., Andrew, Laurence, fl. 1510-1537..

Extent

[156] p. : ill.

Emprented by me Ioh[a]n of Doesborowe],. [Antwerp :: [1527?]. (A translation, by Laurence Andrew, from a Dutch version of parts of: Hortus sanitatis.) (Place of publication and printer's name name from colophon; publication date conjectured by STC.) (Woodcut illustrations throughout.) (Formerly STC 22367.) (Identified as STC 22367 on UMI microfilm reel 1495.) (Signatures: a-s⁴ t⁶.) (Imperfect at end; last leaf in facsimile.--Cf. STC.) (Reproduction of the original in the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine Library.)

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