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MNEMONICA; OR, THE Art of Memory, Drained out of the pure FOUNTAINS OF ART & NAT ƲRE. Digeſted into Three Books.
ALSO, A Phyſical TREATISE of cheriſhNatural Memory; diligently col
By John Willis Batchelour in Divinity.
Omne bonum Dei donum.
Ut unaquaeque ars nobiliſſima ac diviniſſima fuit; ita ad mortalium cognitionem tardiſsimè per
venit. Cardanus.
LONDON, Printed and are to be ſold by Leonard Sowersby, at the Turn-ſtile, near New-market, in Lincolns-Inn fields, 1661.
IF Lines were capable of Hu
Honored Sir, I fear, good intenti
Art of Memory is ſo perfect and complete in all parts, that it will out-live the envy of Detractors; yet ſeeing like a new-born Infant, it doth now firſt preſent it ſelf to the world, let me in a word or two demonſtrate how agreeable this Art is, both to Reaſon, and the principles of Nature, that ſo I may recall, what the preLocal: Therefore wholly omitting the other helps of Memory, deſcriMemory, as ignorant perſons prate.
Firſt I acknowledge and willingly confeſs, that Writing is the ſureſt Guardian of meMemory; but a man cannot always commit
Memorandums is worthily eſteemed the beſt way of Remembring; ſo that may rightly chalArt of Memory by Places and Idea's or Images, doth very nearly reſemble Writing. The Places in artificial Memory, are as it were Leavs; the Idea's, Letters; the diſtribution of them in Places repreſenteth Writing; laſtly, the repetition of them, Reading: which thing Cicero in his Partitions, but more copiouſDe Oratore, doth ele
Secondly, experience teacheth, that Places and Idea's do much conduce to faithful rePlaces, their uſefulneſs doth hence appear, that if a Traveller obſerve any remarkable thing in a croſs-way, or ſome noted place of his journey, returning the ſame way, he doth not onely remember the place, but calleth to mind what ſoever he had ſeen there, though at preRepetition of Idea's; for the mind as it were walking through the ſame Places, in
Idea's, and carefully marſhalled them in order, with purPlaces, is much aſſiſted in recalling Idea's to mind there placed: So Printers by Diſtrribution of their Letters into ſeveral Boxes, do without any heſitation fetch them thence upon occaſion, extending hands to the right Box. The hiSimonides of Chios is very pertinent to this purpoſe, who being at Supper among many other Gueſts, at a wealthy mans houſe named Scope, was acquainted two young men attended at the door to ſpeak with him; Simonides ariſing from the Table went to them; whiles he was at the door, the Gueſts were eSimonides bearing well in mind in what place each of them was ſeated, pointPlaces and order might be very advantagious to quicken Memory. He alſo left to poſterity ſome Precepts of the Art of Memory, which are all ſince drownAntiquity. Another ſingular example correſpondent in ſome ſort to this, is the Election of Darius to the Perſian
Cambyſes being dead (as ſaith Herodotus) it was concluded among the ſeven Perſian Princes, next morning to take horſe together, and to ride forth of the City, unanimouſly agreeing the chief ſoveDarius one of the ſeven, through the craft of his Groom Oebares, obteined the Supremacy. Oebares was a ſubtil wilie fellow, to whom Darius diſcovered the whole buſineſs, and warned him to uſe all diligence to prevent his Competitors: Oebares deſired him to take no care, for he would effectuate his ſo much deſired deſign: Before night Oebares led forth a Mare, chiefly affected by Darius his Horſe, and tied her in the high-way, through which the Princes were to ride next morning; afterward he brought forth Darius his Horſe, and leaving him at liberty, ſufPerſia mounted toOebares had tied the Mare the night before; immediately Darius his horſe began to neigh, and preſently the oPlaces to rouſe up Memory, ſeeing even bruit beaſts remember things placed by the place.
Further, that Memory is quickned by Idea's is thus manifeſt: No man is ignorant, that Memory is ſtronger converſant about ſenſible things then about inſenſible; and of ſenſible things, thoſe which are viſible make deepeſt impreſſion; therefore things heard are more firmly retained in Memory, then thoſe which are barely conceived in mind, & things ſeen better then thoſe which are heard, accor
For this cauſe Phyſicians perſwade StuHippocrtes, Galen and other moſt skilPhyſicians, Philoſophers, Anatomiſts Herbariſts, & to frequent publick Lectures, but alſo to be preſent at Diſſections, and to gather Herbs with their own hands, that they may never after forget, what their eyes have
Idea of that thing which you deſire to remember with an imagination ſo ſtrong, as if you did ſee it indeed: For even as an ember almoſt dead, is reſuſcitated by application of a Match, and breaketh forth inNotion languiſhing of it ſelf, by mental conſpection of its Idea, is viImaginative faculty is ſo called of framing Idea's or Images in the Brain; As alſo that Intellect is ſaid to be derived ab interna lectione Idearum, from internal election of Idea's retained in Memory. Memory, ſo far as it is ſtrictly taken for the comMemorandums, is meerly paſſive, and doth retain and conſerve imagiSemiramis, and the Columns of Hercules have preſerved the memory of them both in ſucceeding ages. Thus in ſacred ſtory we read that twelve Stones were reared in the River Jordan for a laſtJoſh. 4.9. Alſo that a great ſtone was placed under an Oak, in memory of the peoples Covenant with God, Joſh. 24.27. Why elſe were Sacraments orFiſher, to imprint this name deeper in memory, thinketh of a Fiſher
Now there onely remaineth Anſwers to Obje
Firſt they object, that the faculty of Natural Memory and Ingenuity, by uſe of this Art, is unmeaſurably impaired; for ſuch Authors as have treated of this Art, do uſually preſcribe proPlaces, wherein occurIdea's of Memorandums may be diſtributed to remain alwaies, with a weekly, or at leaſt monthPlaces and Idea's, to be reviewed once a month, he undertaketh a work that would weary the dulleſt witted men, much more ingenious perMemory I preſcribe, Revocation of ſentences ſlipped out of Me
Secondly, they ſay it is a great trouble, in the Ropoſition of one Idea, to enter upon two or three conſiderations. I anſwer, that they which ſpeak Latine, obſerve a manifold conſtruction of words, yet do readily pronounce each word in its caſe, gen
If any man blame or accuſe me as diſſenting from Logicians, who affirm that any thing may
But ſome may ſay, it is a fantaſtical buſineſs to be imploied in excogitating and compoſing toyes, and therefore this is not worthy to be called an Art, which is occupied in ſuch trifles. How, I pray, is the Art of Memory wholly fantaſtical, when it is onely buſied in framing phancies, whereReaſon and Memory are diſtinct faculties of the mind, though not divided aſunder; Therefore if there be any Art to inform Reaſon, as ſuch is Logick, why not alſo an Art to inform Memory as this is?
Laſtly if any man ask, what cauſe moved me to divulge this Art, my anſwer is, that having di
Theſe are the things I had to ſay in approbation of artificial memory, whence I think doth ſufficiently appear, that the principles hereof are derived from the moſt internal Fountains of Art and Nature. Such as have good natural memories, may well want the uſe of this Art, like as healthy people need no phyſick; but it will be of ſingular adLogick; ſo though Nature teach us to remem
MNemonica, or artificial Memorie, ſo far as it falleth under our preſent conſideratiWriting, or without Writing.
The Written way of Remembring, deNotation of common buſineſs, after
Concerning the former of theſe two I will onely adde one precept, omit
This briefly ſhal ſuffice concerning re
THere are four kinds of Memorandums belonging to Diſcipline, or Learning: Words, Phraſes, Sentences, and Set-Speeches.
A Word may be remembred by Derivation or Connexion. Derivation is proProper Derivation is an apt interpretation of Words; as Pellex an Harlot, of bleſſed, as it were of immortal: Filii and filiae, Sons and Daughvir a Man, à viribus; Mulier a Woman, quaſi mollior, from the Sexes tenderneſs; Puer a Boy, à puritate corporis; Panis Bread, of Pan, who (as Olaus Magnus ſaith) firſt inPopa a Glutton or Victualler, from Popina a Cooks-ſhop; Lucus a Grove, à lucendo, for it properBabble of Babel; a Soldier of Soldurius, who ſerved under Ceſar, Lib. 3. Ceſ. Com. or if you had raquaſi ſole duratus; Church, antientKirk, of ſup.
Neighbour, as it were nigh thy bower, a word formerly uſed for a dwelling houſe; Goſpel, of good ſpel, antiently uſed for ſpeech or tidings; Partridge, of parting a ridge, for they are u
Improper Derivation, is a ſtrained indrunkenneſs,
ſmoke, as it were Lachrimae à lacerando, ſo Tears in Engliſh, of tearing the heart: Monumentum quaſi monens mentem; Domus ex do & mus; Cottage as it were a coat for age: Beer as it were Bee-here; Goſſip of go-ſip; Simony as it were See-mony; and Derivation howſoever abſurd or
A Word is retained by Connexion, when it is aptly compoſed in a ſentence aHomer ſaid well, Words have wings, both becauſe being ſpoken, they cannot be recalled; and that if they be neglected in the ſcope of ſentences, they are forgotten: for example, let theſe words Oeſtrum a Gad-bee, and Cynomya an Horſe-flie, be proViminia tibi lotione macerantur, quae cynomya adeoque etiam oeſtro vehement ius pungent; Rods ſteeped in piſs, ſting worſe then a Horſe-flye or Gad-bee: So theſe words, Vitricus a Father-in-law, Acupedius a Footman, illunis moonleſs, are thus comIllunis licet, ſubluſtris tamen nox erat, quâ Acupedius ad Vitrici aedes deflecteret; It was a light night, though the moondid not ſhine, in which the Footman called at my Father in law his houſe. Again, ſuppoſe theſe words to be kept in mind; Alyptes a Surgeon, ſuccenturiatus ſubſtituted, tympanotriba a Drummer, ſtrigoſus bare bone: they may
Alyptes ſtrigoſus in locum tympanotribae caeſi ſuccenturiatus eſt; A bare-boned ChyrurLatine, Greek, or Hebrew, may reap no ſmal benefit by Derivation and Connexion of words, if they imitate the following method Having provided a Paper-book to contain the Primitive words, divide every page into three Columns, of which let the third be broadeſt: In the firſt columne write down the Primitive words, in the ſecond their ſignificatiJohn Surcinus, in this order.
Here you may ſee two words admitting no derivation, comprehended in one Sento love, is ſo frequent, it needeth no connexion. The manner of exerciſe to learn theſe, is thus: Firſt, lay a flat Ruler, or your finger, over the middle Column, in ſuch ſort, that the words of the firſt and third Column (which contain the primitives & their de
A Phraſe may be committed to memoVery much eſtranged from filthy affections; I apply it to a Chriſtian SoulA Chriſtian Souldier ought to be very much eſtranged from all filthy and ſordid affections of mind.
Or this example, To forgoe manhood through effeminate delicacy, may be fitly accommodated to Sardanapalus King of Aſſyria; thus Sardanapalus by effeminate delicacy and luxury, loſt all manhood, and led a Womaniſh life.
Again, this example, A man furniſhed with abundant ſtore of Learning, may be thus applyed; Uſher the renowned Biſhop of Armagh, was furniſhed with abundant ſtore of good Literature, and manifold Learning; ſo that he did juſtly bear the prize from moſt
This manner of applying Phraſes, is principally neceſſary in learning the Ele
SEntences worthy of Memory, are eiEnchiridion wherein you write ſuch remarkable ſentences, ought always to be carryed about you, (and may therefore be called, Vade mecum) that you may peruſe the ſame at leiſure-hours when you are aIdea's, occaſioned by ſo long ſpace of time interpoſed.
A ſentence ſeldom uſed, is either an inHypocrates, Galen, or Paracelſus, among Phyſicians: Euclids Elements a
If you meet with any memorable in
NOw laſtly, I will treat of Speeches; A ſpeech, according to my acceptatiSermons, Orations, Declarations, Heads, or Sections of Books; or finally, any long Trea
If the Speeches to be remembred, are already extant in print, it is ſufficient to ſet down their Titles in your CommonCalvin's Inſtitutions, and thirteenth Chapter, the three perſons of the Godhead in one Eſſence, is proved by
That three Perſons are contained in one onely Eſſence of God, Cal. Inſtitut. Lib. 1. Cap. 13. By which Citation you are directed to that place of Calvin whenſoever you pleaſe.
If the Speech you deſire to preſerve be verbally pronounced, you muſt take it in ſhort-hand, if you have skill; otherwiſe in long hand, with as much celerity as you can: If you be at any time left behind through nimble volubility of the Speak
Four things muſt be obſerved, that ſpeeMethod, Writing, Marginal Notation, and Meditation; the Method ought to be ſo diſpoſed, that eMethod is called the Chain of Memory: For this cauſe let every former ſentence ſo depend on the latter, that it may ſeem neceſſarily related thereunto.
In writing a Speech, let your firſt care be, that your Lines extend not too far, but that ſpace enough be left in the MarTranſcription by no means to be ſeen publikely, unleſs Memory languiſh, and be weak: For the mind doth better recollect it ſelf in the abſence of Notes, and by united force is better prepared to ſpeak.
Marginal Notation is when one or two chief words of every ſentence is placed in the Margent, which ſo ſoon as ſeen, (which is with the leaſt caſt of an eye) revoketh the whole ſentence to mind: As if this enſuing ſmall Treatiſe of the Reſurrection were to be learned by heart; I diſtinguiſh the ſentences thereof by words placed in the Margent, by which means they are ſpeedily remembred.
That there ſhall be a Reſurrection of the dead at the laſt day, is confirmed by theſe reaſons.
How are they happy,
Tertullian) if they ſhall periſh in part?
Ergo, &c.
Paul brandeth him with folly, 1 Cor. 13.35. who cannot conclude the reſurrection of the dead out of the vivification of Seeds buAuguſtine,
He which viviſieth dead and putrified Seeds by which men live in this world, more facilely will raiſe you up to live eternally.
death, and Reſurrection Sepulture. That which Tertullian ſpeaketh in his Book Of the Reſurrection of the fleſh,
Day (ſaith he) dyeth into night, yet is enlivened again with glorie all over the world.
Fiftly, It is evidently proved by the Reſurrection of Chriſt; ſeeing Chriſt, which is our head, is already riſen, it is a teſtimony that we alſo, who are his members, ſhall live after death. Where the head is, thither will the members be gathered;the firſt fruits of the dead, 1 Cor. 15.20.
Reſurrection of ſome, to a temporal life in this world, was a ſign of the general Reſurrection to eternal life to be at the end of the world.
Theſe were raiſed again after death.
Reſurrection, yet may we not think thoſe Saints dyed any more, of whom mention is made, Matt.
Chriſts Reſurrection, that they might paſſe to eternall life with him, by verReſurrection they were rai
Finally, there are almoſt innumera
Job 19.25, 26, 27. For I am ſure that my Redeemer liveth,
Job 19.25.and he ſhall ſtand the laſt on the earth; and though worms deſtroy this body, yet ſhall I ſee God in my fleſh, whom I my ſelf ſhall ſee, and mine eyes ſhall behold, and none other for me.
Iſaiah, 26.19. Thy dead men ſhall live,
Iſai. 26.19even with my body ſhall they riſe: awake and ſing, ye that dwell in duſt, for thy dew is as
the dew of herbs, and the earth ſhall caſt out the dead.
Ezek.Thus ſaith the Lord God unto theſe bones, behold, I will cauſe breath to enter into you, and ye ſhall live. And I will lay ſinews upon you, and make fleſh grow upon you, and cover you with skin, and put breath in you, that ye may live, and ye ſhall know that I am the Lord. Theſe quotaIſaiah and Exekiel, of the Reſtauration of the people out of Captivity, nevertheleſſe thereby the Reſurrection is evidently confirmed;Tertullian ſaith, that muſt be neceſſarily firſt, which illuSimilitude, Compariſon, Metaphor, or Allegory, cannot be dedu
Dan. 12.2. And many of them that ſleep in the duſt of the earth,
ſhall awake, ſome to everlaſting life, and ſome to ſhame and perpetual contempt.
John 5 28For the hour ſhall come in the which all that are in the graves ſhall hear his voice, and they ſhall come forth that have done good, unto the reſurrection of life, but they that have done evil, unto the reſurrection of condemnation.
1 Cor. 15. Paul in that whole ChapReſurrection of the body, and eſtabliſheth the ſame by many reaſons, which I will not preſſe further, but onely reply to a common argument of Atheiſts, wherewith they do ſtubbornly ſeal up their hearts a
They Object,
I anſwer,Anſ. Above our capacity.Reſurrection is a work above mans capacity, whereof we are no more able to aſſign a certain reaTertullian upon the Apocalyps, how matter when it is diſſolved, may be reſtored?
Furthermore, we ſee that a skilAlchymiſt,
Chymical art, can ſeperate and extract Gold, Silver, Tinne, &c. each ſeverally apart out of the ſame maſſe; cannot God then produce out of the Elements humane bodies, how many alterations ſoever they undergo? ſeeing the bodies of the dead are onely changed, never reduced to nothing.
God created light out of darkneſſe, ill things out of nothing,
Reſurrection, every perſon ſhall have a ſecret portion of his body, out of which by operatiMuſtard-ſeed to become a ſtately plant, can alſo compoſe an intire body of the leaſt part of one. Like as in the ſeed of plants, there is ſome hidden thing by which they dayly gain vigour and grow;Thomas Aquinas thinkReſurrection, will be dilated in an inſtant, as Adams rib in the womans creation, and the loaves of Elizeus and Chriſt,
Thus having diſpatched Marginal notes, I deſcend to Meditation, concernCanons.
Can. 1. After you have copied over your whole Speech or Sermon, aptly divided into heads, and marked the principall words of each ſentence in
Margent, go diligently to meditatiHorace hath moſt truly ſaid,
Rem bene praeviſam verba haud invita ſequentur.
The ſcope foreſeen, words readily occur.
But if you ſtick at any place, read oMarginal notes either in Learning a Speech or Sermon, you will make ſlow progreſs, and be ſenſible of very great
Can. 2. The manner of Meditating, is to learn by parts; That is, Firſt to comMemory, then the Second, afterward the Third, and ſo forth; the reſt in their order: When you have diſpatched all the heads ſeverally, apply your ſelf to repeat the whole, obſerving Quintilians method, to learn with low voice and ſoft murmure, whereby Memory is beMeditation the more ſpeedy and efficacious way to imprint Notions in Memory.
Can. 3. Furthermore ſeeing a veheMeditation, whereby the ſpi
Can. 4. The firſt and laſt hours of the day are moſt apt for Meditation; that is, immediately before and atfer ſleep: Let your firſt Eſſay in Learning your task be at Evening, about an hour after Supper, reading over twice or thrice what you inMeditation. In the morning ſo ſoon as you have ſhook off drowzineſs, and prepared your ſelf, repeat thoſe things diligently you medibefore ſleep, unleſs in like manner you ruminate after ſleep.
Can. 5. All that ſpeak publickly, eſpeDiſpenſers of the Word, ought to make it their great care, not to utter things diſorderly, but throughly digeſted by Meditation; leſt they be be like ſuch Cooks as buy good meat in the Shambles,
Can. 6. Laſtly, which is peculiar in deConfeſſion, Petition, Deprecation, imprecation, interceſſion, thankſgiving or praiſing God, as occaſion is given by the Doctrines themſelvs; ſo they ſhall not onely remember all things betManuduction to ſpeak with ſenſe of Divine grace and evidence of Spirit, which is the moſt excellent ornament of a Preacher.
HAving diſpatched vulgar ways of Memory, I deſcend to helps conHand-writing, which is then moſt pleaRepoſition and Depoſition.
Repoſition is the manner of charging Memory with Note-worthy things; hereMemory, firſt let him ſtuOblivion being ſuch a principle of Memory, as Privation is of Generation; and a ready rememLead doth facily receive impreſſion, becauſe it is tenacious, which Quick-ſilver cannot admit, by reaſon of its Fluxibility: In like manner fleeting inconſtant minds continually hurried into new & ſtrange cogitations, is far from gathering fruit by any thing heard. The method of a ſpeech is chefly to be obſerved, regardArtifice of the whole.
Depoſition is when we recollect things committed to memory; and having tranſcribed or tranſacted them, diſWriting being the faithfulleſt Guardian of Memorandums. If in dis-burthening your Memory, ſomething charged happen to be forgotten, ſhut your eyes, that no no external obiect may divert your mind, and try to recall it by importuRevocation, and is an Art that by help of certain Rules teacheth the in
To conclude, Depoſition, or diſcharOblivion (as ſome affirm) it may be properly referred hither. So much in general; now to explicate the particu
THe method of charging Memory without writing, is twofold, Poetical and Ideal.
The Poetical way of remembring, is accompliſhed by virtue of Poetry, eiex tempore. The manner of re
Thus a Carpenter oft employed to work abroad, may ingenuouſly make the Tools and Inſtruments belonging to his Art, in Verſe; by repetition of which on occaſion, he may be admo
Here I have thought expedient to propoſe certain Verſes lately compoſed by my ſelf, that they may be benefici
Theſe Verſes (craving the Readers pardon for the ruggedneſs) contain twen
This queſtion reſpecteth the efficient Cauſe. Definition.
Hereby it doth accidentally appear, theſe Verſes are both uſeful to recollect things ſlipt out of memory, and alſo to invent new; in handling any ſubject, maviz. asking,
The moſt material paſſages in any deMemory, whereby he may reap ſo much benefit in his ſtudies and common affairs.
Whereas I firſt made mention of an inRamus hath pre
An argument abſolutely conſentaneindefinite, or definite; indefinite is that which argueth a thing indefinitely, as, God is. There is a fift Eſſence; Definite is that which argueth a thing definitely: Definite is the cauſe and effect.
Now in this axiome (God is) we do not affirm that God is this or that, but ſim(there is a fift Eſſence in rerum natura) we do not ſhew what cauſes it hath, or what effects, ſubjects or adjuncts, onely indefinitely pronounce, there is ſuch a thing. To con(If it be?) which yeildeth very profitable uſe in Diſcourſe: This by the way.
Laſtly, In this way of remembring by Verſes formerly excogitated, both the parts, Repoſition and Depoſition, are diſpatRevocation, ſeeing that if the
This may ſuffice for the firſt Poetical way of remembring, that is by Verſes provided before-hand: Now I will paſs to the next way of Remembring by extem
THis order of remembring by extemporary Verſes, is when the occurex tempore, afterward I will propound the Depoſition or diſcharging of things ſo committed to mind.
Extemporary Repoſition is, when many ſentences are delivered in cuſtody to the mind, by certain eſſential words interwoViz.
1. Earth digged out of a Well, how deep ſoever, expoſed to the air upon a high Tower, although it ſeemeth to reLet the earth bud, &c.Gen. 1.11.
2. It is better to doubt of ſecret things, then to ſtrive about ſuch as are uncertain, Auguſtine.
3. The birth of God is to be ſilently adored, not buſily pried into. Nazianzene.
4 Not to ſin is God's Righteouſneſs; man's Righteouſneſs is God's Indulgence. Bernard.
5. Magiſtracy cannot compel to Faith and Religion; but may and ought to con
Mahomets Dreams, con
7. He who moderateth himſelf in un
8. In natural and civil actions, man doth yet retain free-will; but in ſpiritual and ſuper-natural he lyeth in a dead-ſleep til he be vivified by infuſion of Chriſt's Grace.
9. In ſacred Baptiſm, the adminiſtrati
10. Miſſa, whence cometh the Engliſh Word Maſſe, of the ſame ſignification, denoted no more primarily, then Miſſio, like as Remiſſa is the ſame as Remiſsio, and Offenſa as Offenſio: It is certain, the original thereof was derived from a cuſtom among the Fathers living in the primive times, of celebrating the Euchariſt alwayes after publike prayers, and reading and expounEuchariſt, ſhould be diſmiſſed before the Celebration. Coun. Carthage, 4. Can. 8. Whence Auguſtine in his Sermon of Time, 237. ſaith, Behold after Sermon, diſmiſsion is pronounced to ſuch as are not ſufficiently inſtructed in Chriſtian Religion; the faithful ſtays. Hence it is manifeſt, the Papiſtical Maſs is far different from that of the Fa
11. Eph. 5.14. Wherefore he ſaith, Riſe up thou which ſleepeſt, ſtand up from the dead, and Chriſt will give thee light. By the firſt clauſe of this verſe (wherefore he ſaith) ſeems to be implied, that Paul did not pronounce this ſentence of his own AuPaul doth here introduce Chriſt, ſpeaking by his Apoſtles in their ordinary Goſpel-MiRiſe up thou which ſleepeſt, &c. Theſe words are daily pronounced Reg. 1. If any portion of a Sentence negligently committed to memory, be loſt in depoſition, you muſt try if it may be recovered out of oblivion, by the number of ſyllables of which ſuch por
Not to ſin—Paradiſe on Earth.
By numbering the ſyllables of theſe two known portions, the middle-porti
Reg. 2. If this way fail, bend your ſtuUn, you will ſoon meet with unconſtrained, which was the firſt word of the loſt portion.
Reg. 3. If you cannot attain to the ſame this way, you muſt compare the parts placed on either ſide (if the latent ſentence were any part of a continued Sermon compoſed methodically) to in
Reg. 4. If ſtill you remain unreſolved, take in hand the indagation of the mat(Conſcience is a natural faculty of the mind, placed in the ſupremeſt part thereof, aſſenting to good, diſallowing evil, and therefore of it ſelf never ſinneth) the matter of this SenConſcience, the form, the deſcrip
If the Matter of a ſentence be ſwalClaſſes of common places are to be leiſurely peruſed, poſſibly when you come at the right head, the mind demurring there, may produce the whole Sentence, or at leaſt, the matter thereof will diſco
In like manner to find out the latent form, the formal words included in this Hemiſtick, are to be rehearſed, which do naturally ſhew the form of any Sen
Not, Some, Or, Though, Therefore, Like as, If, None, And, All.
That theſe words, or their Synony
If, the Matter being found, the form be ſtill wanting, then apply the Matter of the Sentence leiſurely to all Logical plaif it be? in the next place, What are the efficient cauſes, matter, form, end, ſubjects, adjuncts thereof, &c. So may you extort it, though it were dorLethe.
Finally, If the Sentence ſought for, cannot be diſcovered by any of theſe ways, let it paſs, and deſpair not of find
Here we will conclude the manner of Remembring by extemporary Verſes, which ſeemeth principally referred to them, who imploy their ſtudy much in Poetry, and are indued with a good meIdea's, which quickeneth even the dulleſt memories.
THe Art of Memory, which we now treat of conſiſteth of Ideas, and plaRepoſition of Idea's, and afterward their Depoſition.
Repoſition of Idea's is, when things to be remembred, are charged upon Memory by Idea's, diſpoſed in certain plaRepoſitory; but before I diſRepoſition, it is neceſſary for better explanation, to ſpeak of Repoſitories, Places, and Idea's in diſtinct chapters.
A Repoſitory is an imaginary fabrick, fancied Artificially, built of hewen ſtone, in form of a Theater, the form whereof followeth; ſuppoſe the EdiStage of ſmooth gray Marble, eStage is to be extended over the whole length and breadth of the building, and raiſed a yard high above the Level of the ground on which the ſaid Edifice is eCypreſſe beards, ſo artificiGroove or Gutter cut in the middle of the Marble Stage, three inches broad, extended from the oppoſite wall to the hither ſide of the Stage, whereby it is exactly divided into two equall parts, and that upon the further end of the ſaid Groove, there is erreared a Column, a foot and half thick, ariſing up to the Roof of the building, almoſt touching the oppoſite wall, and deviding it into two equal parts, as the Groove divideth the Stage; ſo that by the Groove, and
Pillar, the whole Repoſitory is parted in twain, and conſiſteth of two Rooms, ſiding each other, each of them being ſix yards long, ſix yards broad, and ſix yards high. For the better underType of the Repoſitory to be here deli
The Letters, a, b, c, d, ſhew the length of the Edifice, a, c, b, d, the height, a, e, b, f, the height of the Stage, g, i, k, h, are boundaries of the oppoſite wall, e, c, i, g, the ſide wall upon the left hand, h, k, d, f, the ſide wall of the right hand, c, l, m, d, deRoof, g, i, n, p, the oppoſite wall of the firſt Room, e, g, o, p, the Stage of the firſt Room, r, q, k, h, the oppoſite wall of the ſecond Room, ſ, r, h, f, the Stage of the ſecond Room, n, o, the Pillar dividing the oppoſite wall, o ▪ p, the Groove wrought into the Stage.
A Repoſitory according to this fa
A Place (as to our conſideration) is an apt ſpace in a Repoſitory, deIdea's.
There are onely two Places in every Repoſitory of equal form and magniRepoſitory determinated as a foreſaid by the Pillar and Groove.
That place is ſaid to be the former, which is on the right hand of the Repoſitory, that which is on the left hand, the latter; That part of the Repoſitory is ſaid to be on the right hand, which is oppoſite to the left hand of a man ſtanding againſt the middle of the Repoſitory, that on the left hand which is oppoſite to the right.
Thus in the Scheme exhibited in the former Chapter, the letters, g, i, n, o, demonſtrate the oppoſite wall of the right hand part, or firſt place or room of the Repoſitory, and the letters, e, g, o, p, the Stage thereof; ſo r, q, k, h, are Indices of the oppoſite wall of the left hand part, or ſecond Place or
room of the Repoſitory, and ſ, r, h, f, the Stage of the ſame.
AN Idea is a viſible repreſentation of things to be remembred, framemory, together with the Idea, the thing repreſented. Idea's are to be veſted with their proper circumWritings, the fairIdea's, the more aptly they are conceived, according to the exigency of their nature, are more ſpeedily reMotion is to be attributed to Idea's of movequiet to Idea's of quiet things, and good or evil ſavours, to Ideas repreſenting things ſo qualified. Examples of moveable Idea's, are ArIdea's of quiet things, are Henns laying in their neſts, Thieves lurking under buſhes, &c. Idea's to which ſound is aſcribed, are a Lion roaring, a Bell ringing, whiſtling, murmure of Trees, a Quiriſter ſinging, a Huntſman hol&c. Moreover, if Perfume, burning in a Chafing-diſh, be uſed for an Idea, a ſweet and pleaſant odour muſt be attributed thereto, on the contrary to vaults under ground, a filthy, unwholſome ſtink, is to be aſIdea's of merry men, require cheerfulneſs of countenance, of ſickIdea's sot Edifices, Machines, and all Artificial things whatſoever, ought to be ſignaliſed; proportion of form, and ſplendour of colours, muſt be attributed to Pictures, grace and livelineſſe of Letters, to Writings, glory and excellency of Wormanſhip, to Engravings,; Finally, every Idea muſt have ſuch illuſtration as may render it moſt notable and conſpicuous, and ſeem principally coherent to its na
But before I proceed further, it is expedient to take into conſideration, the common Affection of Ideas, their Species, ſhall ſucceed after, in a more proper place.
The common Affections of Idea's are three: Quantity, Poſition, and Colour.
AN Idea in reſpect of Quantity, is eiequal, greater, or leſſer then the thing repreſented.
An equal Idea is, when the thing rePlace of the Repoſitory, in its proper and due magnitude, as being neither too great to be contained therein, nor ſo ſmall it cannot be diſcerned by one ſtanding before the Repoſitory; ſuch are Chairs, Pictures, Tables, Beds, Heaps of Stone, Piles of Wood, two Combatants in a ſingle Duel, and the like.
An-augmented, or greater Idea, is when the thing to be remembred, is inRepoſitory, were a Penny, a Pearl, a Grain of Muſtard-Seed, or a Spider, which are ſo ſmall, that diſpoſed in a Room of the Repoſitory, they eſcape the ſight of a man ſtanding before the Repoſitory: In ſuch ca
A contracted or leſſer Idea is, when the thing to be remembred is ſo great, that it cannot be comprehended in its proper natural quantity, within ſuch narrow liRepoſitory, & is there&c. whoſe Idea's cannot be contained in the me
LEt the Poſition of every Idea be ſuch as in vulgar uſe doth moſt commonly appertain to the thing ſigIdea's of things uſually hanged againſt a Wall, be ſo diſpoſed in the Repoſitory, as Muſical Inſtruments, Arms, Looking-Glaſſes, Pictures, Bruſh&c. Such things as are cuſtomarily faſtened to, or in a Wall, imagine them accommodated in the Repoſitory in like manner, as Ti&c. Such things as are uſually placed on a Table, conceive them ſo marſhalled in the Repoſitory, as Victu&c. ſuch things as lye, or are any ways ſciReyoſitory, as heaps of Wheat, a Cra&c. Such things as are frequently under ground, are to be ſuppoſed under the Marble-Stage; for though they eſcape the eye of a man ſtanding before the Repoſitory, yet they cannot be concea&c. Like method is to be obſerved in ſite and poſition of all other things.
HEre you are to be admoniſhed, that though every Repoſitory is ſuppoRepoſitory, which muſt be imagined of ſeveRepoſitory; Silver the colour of the ſecond Repoſitory; black of the third Repoſitory; and ſo ſucceſſiveIdea muſt be conceived cloathed, adornRepoſitory, whereIdea in the firſt Repoſitory, I repreſent him ſtanding there with a Golden Chain over his ſhoulder like a Belt; if in the ſecond, imagine he weareth a ſilver Chain a
Howbeit, if the Idea of its own naRepoſitory, whereby it may be preRepoſitory, there will be no need of Attribution of colour, becauſe the Golden Chain doth manifeſtly reRepoſitory, the purple Gown the colour of the fift. In like ſort, if a black Bull be placed as an Idea in either room of the firſt Repoſitory, his horns muſt be conceived gildRepoſitory, excludeth any other addition: If in the fourth, let him be decked with a Chaplet of blew Flowers; if in the fift, with a Garland of red Roſes, &c. So a Picture imagined to be painted on the oppoſite Wall of the firſt Repoſitory, muſt be illuſtrated with
Repoſitory, with ſilver; of the third, with black, &c.
This attribution of a Repoſitories coIdea's themſelves, as alſo their order; hereby the mind re-peruIdea's formerly beſtowed, hath alIdea at preſent latent; becauſe it's unqueſtionable, that the miſſing Idea is either wholly, or at leaſt in part, illuſtrated with the proper coRepoſitory.
Moreover, in attributing a Repoſitories colour to an Idea, (of it ſelf not partaRepoſitory be accomIdea, or as near as may be: If the Hiſtory of the Prophet Jonah thrown into the Sea by Mariners, be uſed as an Idea, it muſt be repreſented in a picture according to the third Chapter preceJonah himſelf is the moſt remarkable part of the picture, becauſe Jonah is of the Hiſtory there painted: If
Repoſitory, let the border of his Gown be ſuppoſed of Gold; if in the ſecond, of Silver; if in the third, let the Gown be fancyed black; if in the fourth, blew, &c. ſo the top of a heap of Wheat is the moſt conſpicuous part; therefore if a heap of Wheat be placed in the firſt Repoſitory, imagine a Golden Streamer two foot long fixed in the top of the Heap; if in the ſecond Repoſitory, let the Streamer be Silver; if in the third, black; if in the fourth, blew, &c.
Thus much may ſuffice for common Affections of Idea's, in quantity, poſiti
AN Idea is ſimple or compound: A ſimple Idea is uniform, and is fourfold, direct, relative, fictitious and written.
A Direct Idea is when a viſible thing, or conceived under a viſible form, is beRepoſitory, according to
Goat is the diGoat; a Rhinocerot of a Rhinocerot; a Peacock of a Peacock; a Dove of a Dove. Thus a Majeſtical man aIdea of a King: A perſon arrayed in Academical habit, of a Schollar; An ancient woman in mourIdea's of all viſible things, or ſuch as are conceived under a viſible form, that it is in vain to excogitate any, but raIdea's more deeply in me
Diogenes the Cynick entering Plato's Hall, when he ſaw the Table covered with a rich Carpet, the Shelves glitterI tread upon Plato's pride: To whom Plato replied, But with greater pride:
The Idea of this Story is not ſo great, but that it may admit Repoſition in its equal quantity: Therefore I ſuppoſe in the place of the Repoſitory where it is to be beſtowed, that there is a table coverRepoſitory is not to be forgotten: If thereRepoſitory in which this Idea is to be placed, I imagine the Carpet to be imbelliſhed with a fringe or border of God: If in the ſecond, of Silver: If in the third, of black: If in the fourth, of blew, and ſo forth in the reſt.
When Caius Julius Ceſar firſt invaded Britain, the inhabitants taking arms ſet upon him, and in ſet-battel drave him and his old Souldiers to flight: Whence that of Lucan concerning Caeſars repulſe.
The Idea of this hiſtory muſt be contractC. 4. Therefore I imagine the repreſentation of a ſharp Battel, fairly interwoven in the hangings, doth cover the half portion of the oppoſite Wall, either on the right or left hand, not omitting the fit attribution of the Repoſitories colour; wherein one part of the Combatants perſonating the Romans, are armed and clad more ciBritains, in more rude and Savage attire, preſs their flying Enemies, and proſecute their victory.
An Ant is a ſmall Inſect, the coldeſt and dryeſt of all Creatures, and thereIdea of this ſentence ought to be augmented; for the magnitude of an Ant is ſo inconſiderAnt-heap in the middle ſtage of the memorial place, ſeeming almoſt black with Ants, ſwarming hither and thither; As for aſſignation of colour if this Idea be placed in the third Repoſitory, the coRepoſitory, is ſufficiently noAnts; if in the ſeventh, by the greenneſs of the Ant-hill; ſo that there needeth no addition of colour, if placed in the third or ſeventh Repoſitory: But if it be deſigned to the firſt Repoſitory, let a Triangular Golden Streamer be ſuppoſed fixed in the Ant-hill, a foot high; if in the ſecond, a Silver Streamer; if in the fourth, a Streamer of blew Silk; if in the fifth, of red; if in the ſixt, of yellow; if in the eighth, of purple; if in the ninth, of white; if in the tenth, of Cinnamon colour.
. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
Or as Ovid hath it in his firſt Book De Amore:
Either ſentence ſignifying the ſame thing, are diſpoſed after a like manner, by ſuppoſing a Leaden Spout, ſuſtained by an Iron Prop, faſtened in the upper part of the oppoſite Wall of the Repo
All Hiſtories, Actions, Fables, com
A Simple relative Idea is, when ſomeCorrelative.
Firſt, when the Cauſe is ſignified by the effect, as Melancholy by a ſad man, with his hat pulled over his eyes, his arms folded a croſs, his eies looking on the ground, ſtanding immoveable: The Spring by Green Meadows and Flowring trees: Winter by houſes, Plants, earth, and all other things covered with Snow, and rigid with Froſt: Gluttony by a Fat man, vomitting half di
Secondly, when the effect is ſignifiCauſe, as you did note the oppreſſion of the poor, by ſome eminent Oppreſſour, generally ſpoken againſt for his unjuſt accumulation of riches: blaſphemy by ſome notorious blaſphemer, whoſe diſcourſe is frequently forced with impious oaths.
Thirdly, when the Subject is noted by an Adjunct, as Regal dignity, by a Scepter and Crown; a Tavern, by a Buſh; Exorciſme, by a Figure or charm; the Planets and twelve houſes, by their proper characters appropriated unto them.
Fourthly, when an Adjunct is ſigniSubject; as Cold, by Ice; heat, by fire; light, by a candle; love, by a
heart, the ſeat of affection; pride by a Peacok ſpreading his tail; Gluttony, by an Eſtrich; Drunkenneſſe, by a noted drunkard; Impudence, by a norious whore; Avarice by a rich man count&c.
Fifthly, when one like thing, is put for another, as Parallel Circles, for the world; a clean writing book ▪
for a ſoule; a Serpent with a tail in his mouth, for a year,; a woman embracing a broken pillar, for Fortitude; a Virgine veiled, holding a drawn ſword in her right hand, & a pair of ballances in her left, for Juſtice; a Winged old man, having long hair in the forepart of his head, bald behind, and holding a Sythe in his hand, for Time: A man lading wa&c.
Sixthly, When a ſentence is denoted by ſome particular example, by which the truth thereof is notably demonNo Element is qualified with gravity in its proper place: This PhiloſoRepoſitory, the Tankard muſt be ſuppoſed of Gold; if in the ſecond, of Silver; in the third, of Potters earth, black, in the fourth, blew, &c. that the Idea may be ſome way related to the co
The body heated with wine, boileth over with luſt. This Sentence may be expreſIdea of Lot, ſporting wantonLot revelLot's outer Garment muſt be deemed to bear the Repoſitories colour.
Judicial Aſtrology is a buſie vanity. Baſil in Hexaemer. Hom. 1, This may be relatively fancied by the Hiſtory of Thales the Philoſopher, about to take a Stars height with an Aſtrolobe in a clear night, who being ſomewhat heedleſs of his ſtation, fel into a Ditch, for which he was worthily derided of a Woman ſtanding by; becauſe he did ſo curiouſ
In brief, if any thing may be readily underſtood by its Correlative, the ſame maybe uſed for a Relative Idea; by which kind of Idea, all kind of Hyeroglyphicks and innumerable ſentences ingenuouſRepoſitories.
A ſimple Fictitious Idea, is when any thing is beſtowed by way of a ſubſtitute, wherewith it is faigned to have ſome ſuppoſed conveniency; as when a word of Homonymous ſignificaMemory: as in Latine, Ramus, a mans name, may be ſigniper ramum viridem, a green branch; Remus, per remum, an Oare; So in EnSmith a mans name, may be rePinke, by the Flower ſo called: Carpenter, by one of that trade plaining boards: Penelope, by the Picture of Penelope and her web: Lucrece, by the PiRoman Lady ſo called, proJohn a ſtrangers name, by a brother or friend, ſo calGrace, ſignifying favour, may be retained by Grace, a womans name.
Thus words or names (which at large ſignifie no viſible thing) which divided into parts, ſignifie one or maRepoſitories on the Stage, wall, or hangings in decent order; as theſe Barbarous words in Latine,Apergliſſus, by a Clay banke, on the right hand whereof (which is towards our left hand) a Bear wallowSow. Tedaſpis, by a Torch and an Asp,
Boſarnos, by an Oxe and a Lamb. Araphos, by an Altar and a Light.
Suſtineamus, by a Sow, a Moth, and a Mouſe, according to that noted
rfur edit •• ▪ pannum, panem quoque ſuſtineamus.
Sow eats Bran, a Moth Cloth, a a Mouſe Bread.
So Coxcomb in Engliſh, may be repreCocks fighting, & pulling each other by the Comb. Birdlington, by a Bird, Ling fiſh ſo called, and a Tunne. Harbottle, by a Hare and a Bottle, &c.
Some men to fix ſingle words and letters more firmly in memory, uſe the images of men and women for ſubſtiIdeas of Letters, and for ani&c. But ſuch Ideas are by no means to be approved, Firſt, beRemembring; for Nature teacheth men from their infancy, by the images of men, to apIdeas, which,
Memory, they may be more deeply engraven. Laſtly, it is vain and altogether unprofitable, to frame an Alphabet of living Creatures, and learn them by heart, ſeeing they ſerve onely to apprehend naked Letters or ſingle words, whoſe uſe is not fre
A Single written Idea, is when the thing to be Remembred, is imagiRepoſitory. Written Idea's will perMemory with any thing to be remembred; but if all our Rules which are required in diſpoſing writIdea's, be ſtrictly obſerved, you will think otherwiſe.
In every ſuch Idea, ſix things are re
Firſt, that the Characters (ſuch as are Letters and Arithmetical figures) be ſuppoſed of ſuch magnitude, that they may be plainly read by one ſtandMemory, ſuch like writings and inſcriptions are fre
Secondly, That every Idea be con
In remembring Proofs, you muſt fancy the names of the Books abbreviGen. 20.6. Rom. 8.13. Cata
Diſtribution of parts diſtinctly pla
Jewiſh feaſts have been
Paſsover.
Penticoſt.
Feaſt of Tab.
New Moons, or of blowing the Trumpet.
Feaſt of Expiation.
Feaſt of Dedication, inHerod the Great.
A Syllogiſme conſiſting of a Propoſition, Aſſumption, and Concluſion, is placed in divers diſtinct ſections, after this manner.
He which devoureth things conſecrated to God, procureth deſtruction to his own family, Prov. 20.25.
But he which appropriated a portion of Glebe (pertaining to the Prieſt) to himſelf
and his heirs, devoureth that which is conſecrate to God, Ezek. 45.4.
Therefore he which appropriateth a Portion of Glebe, &c.
A Compariſon diſtributed into its two parts, hath Protaſis and Apodoſis collate
As there is great difference between the faculty of ſeeing, and the act of ſeeing; for the faculty is alwayes preſent, the act is often intermitted.
So there is great difference between the faculty of faith, and the act of believing: regenerate perſons after converſion, do alwayes poſſeſs the former, but the latter is often interrupted.
So Poetical fragments are expreſſed in ſingle Verſes and Lines, long Sentences in proſe are deſcribed in Lines of equal length, ſummarily fancy all kind of wri
Thirdly, it is required, That you ſup
Fourthly, One word at leaſt in every written Idea, muſt be very carefully apa, c, e, m, n, o, r, u, w.
Tranſcendent letters are ſuch as exb, d, i, k, l, t, h, ſome the lower, as f, ſ, j.
Fifthly, It is neceſſary, according to the Doctrine delivered in the ſixt ChapRepoſitory) that the frame or border of every Table be imagined of the ſame colour as his Repoſitory.
Laſtly, you muſt ſo long contemplate your ſuppoſed written Idea, till you have made at leaſt ſome ſmall impreſſion there
Theſe generally required in every writ
A ſingle Word, and a Proof, cannot be ſuppoſed to have any principal Word, becauſe they be ſingular, which never the
Let this Word (Spagyrus) be the ExParacelſus, one which can dexterouſly diſcern good
In the Inſcription I diligently weigh the length of the Worda, y, u. three deſcend bep, y, g.
In the inſcription of a Proof, beſides the Name of the Book, the quantity of the Numbers is to be carefully obſerved: Number being the meaſure of quantity, and therefore meerly related to viſible things, is facilely kept in mind; the only obſervation of the quantity of Numbers, fixeth them perfectly in Memory. Take an Example of a Proof.
The letters e, and o, are fancied of Gold, x, and d, are tranſcendents, the former aſcending above the line, the latter deſcending beneath.
In writing a Phraſe and Sentence, the firſt Word is to be heedfully obſerved;
Rul. 4.
Moreover in writing of Phraſes, all the Words except the firſt, muſt be ſup
A Sentence conſiſteth of one or more clauſes.
A Sentence of one Clauſe may be ſup
NO CALAMITY IS ALONE. THE LAW OF GOD IS THE LIGHT OF MAN.
FRIENDS HAVE ALL THINGS IN COMMON.
In Sentences of many Clauſes, you may ſuppoſe all the words of the firſt Clauſe marked with capital letters, the reſt with ſmall letters: As
SOLA SALUS SERVIRE Deo; ſunt coetera fraudes.
GODS SERVICE IS CHIEFEST BLESSEDNESS; other things are deceits.
QUANQUAM BONUM NON EST MALUM; eſt tamen bonum ut ſit malum. Auguſtine.
ALTHOUGH EVIL IS NOT GOOD; yet it is good that there ſhould be evil.
WHATSOEVER IS TO BE BE
But every wicked man is to believe that he ſhall be ſaved:
Therefore it is true, that every wick
Here you muſt note, that every wickviz. If he repent, and believe in Chriſt.
AUREAM QUISQUIS MEDIOCRITATEM DILIGIT; tutus careat abſoleti Sordibus tecti, careat invidenda Sobrius aula. Horat.
By written Idea's you may conſerve all Characters, ſingle Letters, naked Num
Now having diſpatched all written I
THis kind is compounded of ſingle I
If you were to remember (Edline) a friends Name, imagine (Ed) written on the oppoſite Wall on the right hand, and a line extended thence all along to the left aſide.
So Lambert may be retained by a Lamb placed in one of the Repoſitories, and [ert] written on the oppoſite Wall on the left hand.
Many words may be conveniently re
A compound Idea repreſenting an in
In the third Book of Ovid's Elegies, the Fable of Jupiter and Danaes, is thus morally applyed.
To remember this Moral, imagine the ſtory of Jupiter and Danaes, drawn to the life in the upper part of a large frame hanging againſt the oppoſite Wall, and theſe Verſes of Ovid writ according to the uſual manner, in the lower part, which is vacant.
The ſeven Electoral Princes firſt inſtiOtho, third Emperor of that Name, and Pope Gregory the fift, are inManlius, in theſe Verſes.
Suppoſe an Emperor ſitting on a throne in one of the Repoſitories, ſeven Princes ſtanding about him, and theſe Verſes writ on a table, hanging againſt the oppoſite Wall.
An Epigram of Sir Hugh, a vain-gloNicholas Borbon.
Imagine an armed Knight, of a fierce Martial aſpect, with a long Beard, walk
An Epitaph upon the Empreſs Matilda, Daughter of Henry the Firſt, King of England; Wife of Henry the Fourth, EmHenry the ſecond, King of England.
Fancy this Epitaph graven on the hi
All Hiſtories, Acts, Fables, Apologies, Morals deſcribed in Verſe, or other Wri
Theodore Beza writeth thus, under the Emblem of a man ſpitting towards Hea
In the upper part of a table hanging againſt the oppoſite Wall, imagine the picture of a man with his hands on his ſides, his legs ſtradling, and his head benTetraſtichon written under
The ſame Theodore Beza hath another Embleme of a Circumference, equally di
In the upper part of a fair large table, fancy a center and circumference to be deſcribed, with theſe Verſes writ under
Suppoſe two Parallel circles drawn in the upper part of a table, in the center of which, let the figure 2. be written, and underneath this Diſtich, whereby is ſig
Suppoſe the verſicle of Heſiod elegantCebes table.
All Emblems, Hyeroglyphical Sentences or illuſtrated with ſimilyes, may be depo
IT is ſufficiently manifeſt out of the five precedent chapters, what Idea, and how qualified, every thing to be re
Rule 1. All Hiſtories, Actions, Fables, Apologies, common buſineſſes, viſible things, or conceived under a viſible form, all ſentences whoſe ſubject or matter is viſible, and without any dependent writCap. 1.
Rule 2. All Hiſtories, Actions, Fables, Apologies, Morals and Similyes, remarkCap 2.
Rule 3. All Emblems and Sentences ilCap. 2.
Rule 4. All Characters, ſingle Letters, nakes Numbers, Calculations of Nati
Rule 5. All ſingle words ſignifying no viſible thing, whoſe Idea either relative, fictitious, or compound of fictitious and ſcriptile, doth preſently occur, is to be ſo placed in the Repoſitory, either relative
Rule 6. All Phraſes and Sentences inCap. 8.10. & 11.
So much ſhall ſuffice for choice of I
NOw there remains to ſpeak of the manner of laying up Idea's in their places, to which purpoſe take theſe en
Rule 1. Every Idea is to be placed in its order, viz. that which firſt occurreth
Rule 2. Due quantity, convenient ſite, colour of the Repoſitory, and pe
Rule 3. After you have rightly diſ
Rule 4. After you have fitly diſpoſed the ſecond Idea of any Repoſitory, you muſt excogitate fome apt relation thereof to the former, in reſpect of likeIdea's of one Repoſitory, pre&c. they agree in ſite: But if one be faſtened to the Wall, the other placed on a Table, on the ground or under ground, they are unlike in ſite: When the ſubject of both Idea's is Juſtice, Sin, a Man, War or Sleep, &c. they agree in ſubject; but when the ſubIdea is Juſtice, of the other Drunkenneſs, the one of a man, the other of a ſtone, or any other oppoſite thing, they diſagree in ſubject. Taken an
Rule 5. If two or more diſtinct Idea's concur, whoſe relation to one another is found ſo near, as if they were com
Rule 6. When you have laid up aIdea in its Place, (whether it be in the firſt or ſecond Room of the Repoſitory) peruſe all the foregoing Idea's in their order, if you have time, that they may reſide more deeply in Memory, and make the ſtronger impreſſion in minde. For as a School-boy by often reading over his leſſon, learneth it by heart, ſo the more frequently you peruſe Idea's, the more firmly you will retain them.
Rule 7. Laſtly, have a care not to load your Memory with a more numeIdea's then is fit, for as it is unwholſome to burthen the ſtoMemory with multipliciIdea's, doth lead into great conMemory, as you truſt faithfully to remember; for it is better firmly to retain a few remarka
I Think now convenient to illuſtrate the premiſed precepts by examples, whereby the practiſe of this Art, may be rendred more facile. Firſt, I will propoſe examples of common affairs, afterward of obſervations; Laſtly, I will briefly exhibit the Art of Dictating, and diſcharging of Memory.
I. Suppoſe (as taking it for grantSeed Barlie: iPlace of the firſt Repoſitorie (that is the part on the right hand) you ſee a man meaſuring Barlie out of a Sack into a Buſhel, with a company of men ſtanding about him,
Markets, not forgetting to fancy the Buſhell handles to be Gold, that ſo the Idea in ſome part may be related to the Repoſitory in co
II. Moreover, That in the ſame Town liveth a Labourer whom you know, and muſt enquire out to work in your Hay-harveſt; fancy him to ſtand in the ſecond place (on the left hand) of the firſt Repoſitory, ſharpenGolden Sythe on a whetſtone, as it were preparing for ſuch Ruſtical imGolden Sythe, that it may participate of the colour of the Repoſitory; this Idea agreeth with the forIdea's of this Repoſitory are of men, and pla
III. Furthermore, That in your Journey, our minde full of CogitatiPhiloſophical Contemplation, and in ſuch Meditation you pitch upIdea thereof in the firſt
Room of the ſecond Repoſitory; for exEven as Terreſtrial exhalations condenſed are the materiall cauſe of the Thunder-ſtone, though engendered in the aire, which is no Matrix of ponderous bodies: So of the rayes (which are as it were exhalations) of celeſtial bodies, there is generated a certain ſubſtance, called Quinteſſence, which by commixion with the four Elements, through their tenacity, groweth into one with them, whereby they are altered, and indewed with new forms, according to the diſpoſition of the matter into which thoſe celeſtial rayes are conveyed, the hand of the Almighty directing them. This Idea muſt be augThunder-ſtones, heaped up in the midſt of the firſt Memorial place, of the ſecond Repoſitory, ſome of the uppermoſt guilded with Silver, to repreſent the colour of the Repoſitorie.
IV. A while after you call to minde ſome Aromatical Spices you are to buy: To remember which, fancy the ſecond place of the ſecond Repoſitorie convertGrocers ſhop, the oppoſite
Pepper, let a Silver Box full of Pepper ſtand upNutmegs, place a looſe bagge of Silver gilt Nutmegs in the middle of the Counter; if the third be Sugar, ſet a Sugar loafe on the hither end of the Counter, with a Silver ſtring tyed about the top, that it may in ſome part bear the colour of the Repoſitarie. In this caſe you muſt remember that three Idea's were bePlace, whoſe coherence with the Idea in the other Repoſitory, is taken from their unlikeneſſe of ſight; for that Idea was heaped on the ground, theſe three are placed upon a Counter.
V. Your next incident buſineſſe is to remember to ſpeak with a Counſellour of the ſame town (a man of a very great repute and credit for knowledge
Chancery: Imagine that Counſellour in a Lawyers Gown, ſitting in a Chair, overlooking ſome writings, in the firſt Place of the third Repoſitory; ſeeing his Gown is black, you need no other attribution of colour of the Repoſitory.
VI. If another new occaſion preſent it ſelf to minde, as that you are to buy a piece of Black Velvit of a Mercer in that town; the ſecond Place of the third Repoſitory muſt be transform'd into a Mercers ſhop, a piece of Black Velvet neatly laid in folds of equal length, lyRepoſitories colour, as the Gown of the Counſellour ſitting in the former Place; whence alIdea, the Lawyers Gown ſuppoſed to be lined with Velvet.
If you dined the ſame day among many learned men at an Ordinary, and in their diſcourſe did obſerve ſome
Idea's of ſuch Obſervations, are to be repoſited in their following Repoſitories, in the ſame order as they occur.
I. The firſt Remarkable ſentence may be this, Deſire of things not attainable, procureth wretched madneſſe. I would ſignifie this Sentence relatively, in the firſt Place of the fourth Repoſitory, by ſome young man aparelled in Blew ſilk, deeply enamoured of a Virgine nobly deſcended, whoſe enjoyment he could not expect, weeping and lying on the ground, till ſurpriſed with Melancholy, he became mad: the truth of the Sen
II. The ſecond Sentence may be that of the Poet Lucretius.
The Idea of this Sentence is to be comDirect and Scriptile, you muſt imagine the Wars of Thebes and Troy ſeverally depainted in the upper part of a large ſpacious Table, and beLucretia's fairly written; becauſe it is put in the fourth Repoſitory, ſuppoſe a Blew Line three inThebes and Troy beſieged: The Line is more remarkable in this Idea, ſhewing the Pictures to be devided into two equal parts, Chapter 6. The frame muſt hang againſt rhe oppoſite wall of the ſecond place of the fourth Repoſitory; this Idea may be referred to the Idea in the former Room from their diverſe ſituations, the precedent placed on the ground, this hanging againſt the oppo
III. Let this be the third Sentence, Every thing that is juſt, is not agreeable to equity, Manlius Torquatus, did juſtly, but not equally, when he commanded his ſon, a couragious young man (who had deſerved well of the Republick) to be beheaded, becauſe that contrary to his order, provoked by the enemy, he brought forth the Roman Legions and joyned battel in his father the Generals abſence, though he was Victor. The Idea of this Sentence is Direct, to be plaPlace of the fifth Repoſitory; imagine a Martial man ſtanding there in compleat armour; a plume of Feathers in his Creſt, of a ſevere frownIndex of his name) girt round about his body, holding a Red Trunchion in his right hand, applyed to his ſides; and ſeeming imperiouſly to command one clothed like an Executioner, holdRed ſilk, to death.
IV. A man may wittingly do his neighbour a prejudice, without committing an injury; for if there be two Innes in one Town, the one Inkeeper muſt needs endamage the other,
by endeavouring to draw Gueſts to his own Inne, yet is ſuch damage without injury, nor condemned by any Law. This Idea is Direct, but in quantity contracted. IPlace of the fifth Repoſitory, a Town elegantRed colour; it hath reference to the former Idea in reſpect of ſubect, for Juſtice is the baſis of both Idea's.
V. No excellent wit it free from ſome madneſs, may be expreſſed Relatively by a learned man who through too great inyellow Plume of Feathers in his hat (yellow being the colour of the ſixth Repoſitory) and carGeugaws in his hands, at which he laughs ſo heartily, that the Reponant heareth him; he is to be ſet in the firſt Place of the ſixth Repoſitory, near the oppoſite wall.
Ilia a veſtal Virgine, great with childe by Mars, brought forth two twinns, Roand Remus at one birth , which ſhee put forth to be nurſed by a notable harlot, named
Lupa, of whom all Bawdy-Houſes after in Latine were called Lupanaria: Hence certainly aroſe the Fable, that they were nouriſhed by a She-Wolf: Romus in proceſs of time being created King, impoſed his own Name upon Rome, by the Citizens whereof in flattery, he was called Romulus. This is a Direct Idea; imagine in the ſecond place of the ſixth Repoſitory, a She-Wolf ſuckling two Twins with her dandling Dugs, as if they were her own Whelps, her neck inviron
Milo of Croton, a famous Wreſtler, firſt crowned in the Olympick Games, when through age he had left off his youthful exerciſe, and travelled through ſome Woodlands of Italy, eſpyed an Oak near the way rifted in the middle, and willing (as is ſuppoſed) to try whether any of his ancient vigour remained, thruſt his hands into the Clefts of the
Tree) to rend down the middle part; but the Oak thus forcibly writhed (ſo ſoon as his violence ceaſed) returned to its priſtine Eſtate, and cloſing faſt upon his hands, deteined him a prey for wild Beaſts, Aul. Gell. At
VIII. To drive forward the night with old Wives fables. This phraſe is expreſſed by a Direct Idea, ſuppoſing the oppo
IX. Men are certainly more ancient then the Heatheniſh Gods, becauſe theſe are the others invention. The Idea of this ſenviz. a Statuary in a Pur
X. Every particle of Snow, if it be not ſomewhat melted, is of a ſix anguIdea of this Sentence is Direct, in quantity augmented; for ſeeing one flake of Snow is ſo ſmall, that beſtowed in a meIdea hath nothing of PurIdeas, though of much greater excellency and admira
XI. There are three moſt beautiful Mothers, of three very deformed Daughters; Fabreedeth Contempt, Truth procureth Hatred, and Peace engendereth idleIdea is Direct, imagining in the firſt place of the ninth Repoſitory, three moſt amiable women in very rich Apparel, having Garlands on their heads, ſitting upon three-legged Stools, and giving ſuck to three crying miſhaIdea a loud ſound.
XII. A Priviledge is that which is granted in favour of certain perſons contrary to common right, and is called Privilege quaſi privata lege, that is, by a private law. This may be expreſſed relatively, by ſome well known perſon deeply in debt, who procured a Priviledge for
Idea, may be deduced from a tranſient action, ſuppoſing that this man in the ſecond place, looking on the Women in the firſt place, doth ſalute them very curteouſly and civilly after the gentile poſture, by whom he is mu
XIII. He doth not live, who takes no care but to live. The Idea of this SenIdea's are as it were one, Cap. 13. Rul. 5. and being depoſited in the ninth Re
XIV. The ancient Gauls and Britains uſed Engliſh Maſtives in Military ſerStrabo. This Idea is direct, but contracted by reaſon of the great ſpace, to be aſſigned for a field Battel: Let therefore this skirmiſh of men and dogs be imagined inter
XV Good works juſtifie faith, faith juſtifieth the perſon, is a Scriptile Idea; thereIdea to the other, is taken from their like ſite both hanging againſt the Wall.
XVI. Dic ubi tunc eſſet, cum praeter, cum nihil eſſet?
Tunc ubi nunc, in ſe, quoniam ſibi ſufficit ipſe.
This is likewiſe a Scriptile Idea, and may be fitly comprehended in the taIdea, obſerving ſuch Rules as are delivered concerning repoſiting a Scriptile Idea, and noting that two Idea's are comprized in this place, Cap. 13. Rule 5.
17. In the year 1530. in the time of Charles the fift, Emperor, the Germane Princes exhibited their Confeſſion of Faith at Augspurgh, with a ſolemn proProteſtants. This Idea is Direct; but all the ten Repoſitories being al
XVIII. Philip King of Macedon, ſent a Prolix Epiſtle to the Laconians, wherein he did require ſome things which did not pleaſe them: They returned him an anſwer containing but one ſyllable (that is) Not, which the Writer did deſcribe in ſo great a Character, that it equalized a large Epiſtle. Another time the ſame Philip menaced the ſame people, That if he did once invade their Countrey, he would cauſe an utter extirpation of them; the Laconians on the contrary ſent no other reply but this particle, ei, that is, if; inſinuating thereby, that the word if was well inſerted by Philip, who could never hope to penetrate their Region: Hence was derived the Proverb, Laconical brevity, This is a Direct Idea, theſe two words fancied to be drawn in two ſheets of paper, with a Golden Margent round about, an inch broad, and paſted a[not, if] contain an anſwer to the aforeſaid Confeſſion preſented to the Emperor.
XIX. Paſſionate anger is temporary madneſs. This ſentence may be relatively exemplified in Saul, who tranſported with anger, endeavoured to ſmite Jonathan his moſt beloved Son and Heir, with a Javelin; imagining the point of the Javelin to be ſilver, that it may in ſomething repreſent the colour of the twelfth Repoſitory.
It will be unneceſſary now to pro
Any man may eaſily apprehend, though he were never admoniſhed, that obſervable notes of Sermons are to be laid up after the ſame manner, as theſe
MOreover, the practical part of this Art is perſpicuouſly ſeen in the Exerciſes of Dictating and Repetition.
The uſe of Dictating is, when a per&c. In this caſe alſo it is permit
Repetition is when a man repeateth ſen
I have not thought expedient to illu
I Have thought good to annex a few words of irregular Repoſition, which is onely one Rule, that is, a real Repoſi
Firſt, A thing it ſelf being at hand, may be fitly uſed inſtead of its proper I
Secondly, When a man muſt exoneirregular Repoſition.
HAving ſpoken copiouſly of repoſit
Depoſition of Idea's is, when things charged upon Memory by Idea's, are re
Firſt, This is always aſſuredly known, every loſt Idea did bear the colour of his Repository, either in whole or part; therefore the firſt thing to be inquired is, in what reſpect the colour of the Repo
The Idea being not diſcovered thus, make diligent indagation for its relation to the Idea placed in the ſame RepoſitoCap. 14. Rul. 4. One Idea of a Repoſito
If ſtill you are diſappointed, happily you may find it out by repetition of ſuch things as are eſpecially remarkable in laying up Idea's, of which I have ſpoken in the 13. Chapter. That is by enquiring whether the latent Idea's was
An Idea is oft recovered by diſcuſſing theſe few queſtions in a mans thoughts.
If it be certain the forgot Idea was Scriptile, but the inſcription is in oblivi
If you cannot yet diſcover the Idea, have recourſe to the third and fourth Rules of Poetical Revocation, 2. Book. 3 Chap, an Idea being revocable in the ſame manner.
Finally, if it continue irreparable by all theſe ways, let it paſs, and be no long
If a man do prudently follow theſe Rules of recovering latent Ideas, as with Ariadnes thred, he will doubtleſs wind himſelf out of the Labyrinth of blind Oblivion, and with admirable facility recall to mind forgotten ſentences, and vaniſhed Idea's.
NAtural Memory is a faculty which every man hath naturally to apI will therefore firſt treat of the conſer
Three things conduce to preſerve Naviz. De
1. Unwholſome air that is infected with vapour of ſtanding-waters, Marſh
2. Aire ſhut up from penetration of Wind and Sun; for air not purified by Wind or Sun, engendereth a malign ve
3. Windie aire, that is, agitated with violent winds.
4. Aire that procureth rain.
Moiſt aire, ſuch as diſcendeth a little before Sun ſet, and hovereth a
6. Aire infected with ſmoke of ſtrong ſented combuſtible things, as Sea coales, Weeds, Turfe, Dung and Char-coales, un
II. Drinks, Broths, and Decoctions made of unwholſome waters, offend the Memory, of which kinde is the waPonds, Marſhes, of Ice and Snow diſſolved, as alſo of Muddie, Salt, Bitter, and ill ſmelling water.
Rain water, eſpecially falling in time of Thunder, or Lightning (becauſe it is lighteſt) is chiefly commended for Domeſtical uſes; but ſerveth only for preſent occaſion, by reaſon of its ſpeeRiver water, when the chanWell-water is ranked laſt, if it ſmell of Mudd; the Well muſt be cleanſed and purged by caſting in Lyme, and the bottome afterward covered with great ſtore of Chalk, through which the wa
III. Food hurteth the Memory.
1. If it be crude, as raw fleſh, un&c.
2. If it be Vaporous, that is, replethick drinks, ſtrong wine, Beans, Peaſe, Garlick, Onyon, &c. but Onyons are more noxious then the reſt, becauſe they loſe not their Malignity by Decoction, even then procuring the head-ach, offend
3. If it be very moiſt, and engender phlegme, as Milk, Chickens before they
Piggs &c. eſpeci
4. If it digeſt ſlowly, as Cheeſe, marrow, fat, principally of Fiſh, fleſh of Cranes and Herons, fruit included in ſhells, as Wall-nuts, Small-nuts, Cheſt-nuts, Al&c.
5. Variety of diſhes, diverſity even of wholeſome meats is evil, of Sauces worſt of all, diſtracting the ſtomack by concocting food of ſeveral qualities.
Nevertheleſſe healthfull perſons may eat any meats, though they be eſteem
IV. All Repletion of Drink, or food is hurtfull, chiefly of Bread; too much Repletion dulleth wit, and is a great eneMemorative faculty. Plato ſaith, The ſoul is diſeaſed in a full fed body. It is often ſeen by experience, that if a learned or wiſe man, accuſtomed to live ſparingly through poverty, be
Drunkenneſſe and Gluttony, as the mortalleſt enemies of a good Memory.
V. Sleep offendeth Memory. If it be Firſt, overmuch. Secondly, if taken in a windy place, or under Lunar raies. Thirdly, in the day, moſt of all with ſhoes on, or being miry. Fourthly, u
VI. Venus, 1. if it be immoderate.
&c. 4. when ſleep doth not follow, for it is requiſite that the looſned members of the body, be refreſhed by enſuing ſleep. Perſons very young or very ancient, of a frigid conſtitution, and all ſuch as finde in
VII. Coldneſſe of the hinder part of the head, of the neck, ſtomack, belly and feet.
VIII. Labour or exerciſe of body. 1. Exceeding moderation, which ex
IX. Idleneſs.
X. Perturbation of mind; as anxious care, fear, grief, too much baſhfulneſs, covetous hope, Jealouſie, &c.
XI. Filthy deſires, as avarice, envy, thirſt of revenge, luſt, love of harlots, and the ardent Paſſion, Love.
XII. Raſh anſwers.
XIII. Diſorderly reading of Books, imitating Children in trivial Schools.
XV. Wearing head-hair over long.
XVI. Dipping or waſhing the head in cold water.
XVII. Diſtraction of mind about ſe
OF this kind are theſe that follow. 1. Wholſome Air, that is clear, light, ſweet, open, milde, ſpeedily growing warm with the riſing ſun, and cold with his ſetting.
2. Sweet ſents, for they comfort the heart, brain and mind, in ſome ſort nouriſh the Spirits, and indue the brain with a tenacious quality, whereIdea's, This is experimentally proved in hony compoſed of the breath of flowers, mingled with morning dew, the ſub
Firſt, All ſuch as ingender good nu
Secondly, Brains of Partridges, Sparrows, Hares, Conies and Hens, which being dryer then the brains of other creatures, are thought to profit Memory very much; if Wekerus may be credited, brains of Hens frequent
Thirdly, Theſe herbs uſed in ſauces, Bawm, Bugloſs, Watercreſſes, in commendaEde naſturtium, Savorie, Beets, PenniMemory, but do alſo exhilarate the minde, and eaten laſt at ſupper, procure pleaſant dreams.
4. Waſhing the feet once a moneth in water moderately heated, wherein Bawm, Cammomill, Bay leaves, and other
V. Exerciſe.
1. If If it be moderate, thereby un
2. If it recreate the Spirits and all parts of the body exerciſed, alſo the Breaſt and Lungs by vociferation, ſuch are ſhooting, bowling, hunting, hawGallen preferred before them all.
3. Such as is done upon an empty ſto
4. In delightfull places, not ſubject to wind.
Exerciſe muſt be moderate at firſt, more vehement in the middle, more remiſs at lattet end: Moreover let pre&c. and extenſion of the members; in like manner after exerciſe, there is requi
NOw in the next place I will deliMemorative faculty may be benefitted. The Rules are theſe.
Rule 1. Divine aſſiſtance is to be diJames teſtifieth in his Epiſtle, 5. Chap. ver. 16, 17. nor is it imprudently ſaid,
Rule 2. Comb your head every day backward, to looſen excrements from the hair roots, let it be done faſting, ſo ſoon as you are ready in a morning. Combing the head (the ſtomack ex
Rule 3. Excrements of the mouth are to be vacuated by ſpitting, of the lungs by hauking, of the noſtrils by wiping as oft as there is a motion. It is more healthy to eject ſuch ſuper
Rule 4. Urine, Ordure, and Winde, muſt be exonerated at the firſt motion; many by retaining Urine, and other excrements, have been ſeized by dan
Rule 5. Wholly abſtain from all EPurges, Vomits, Blood-letting, unleſs very urgent neceſſity compel you. Phlebotomy and Purges, as well as they do exPlato in Timeo, forbad the uſe of Purgations, when the cure of the body might be otherwiſe accompliſh
Rule 6. To eat twelve Raiſons of the Sunne ſtoned, every morning, without drink, inſtead of breakfaſt, conſerveth Memory, comforteth the ſtomack and Liver, diminiſheth Phlegme, augment
Rule 7. Let your Supper be larger then Dinner, becauſe the ſubſequent diſtance of time is longer; but ſuch as are incumVarro ſaith, It is one thing to ſuffice a man, another thing to ſuffice humanity.
Rule 8. Obſerve conſtant accuſtomed hours of eating: Nature coveteth to perform her office of concoction at cer
Rule 9. Refrain from labor both of bo
Rule 10. At bed-time ſhut all the WinLunaries penetrating the Window, moleſt you ſleeping. Sleep under the Moon-beams cauſeth head-ach, though it doth not hurt ſuch as are awake. Let your head and ears be covered; yet too much covering offendeth the head. When you go to bed, firſt lye down on your right ſide, your head onely ſo much ele
Rule 11. Elect learned men well edu
Rule 12. The mind muſt be conſtantLudovicus Vives, doth more delight in pains and labour, then Memory, nor doth ſooner corrupt and periſh by idle
Rule 13. The apteſt time for Study, is when the Stomach is empty, then pureſt ſpirits aſcend from the heart to the brain. Hence Aurora is eſteemed moſt grateful to the Muſes; it is alſo convenient to rePythagoras his cuſtom. It is a wonderful thing, and the reaſon not eaſily perceptible (ſaith Quintillian) how much firmneſs one nights interpoſition doth contribute to labour, whether quiet, mature, or concocted; ſo ſoon as ſleep is ſhaken off, the ſame things are to be rehearſed again, which were meditated before ſleep the evening laſt paſt, otherwiſe nocturnal lucubration doth yeild little benefit.
Rule 14 Let no man devote himſelf to a Study or Profeſſion for which he is unapt by Nature; whatſoever Science you adviſedly make choice of, delight therein, employ all diligence in ſtudying the ſame, accounting it greater glory to excel therein, then to be able trivially to diſpute of many other Arts.
Rule 15. Addict your ſelf to the skil
Rule 16. Read the choiceſt Authors, ſuch as do not force their Books with trifles: Seeing we cannot be ignorant, that ſtudy exhauſteth the Spirits, we muſt have a care of conſuming them in reading un
Rule 17. Covet not to read many Books, but to underſtand perfectly what you read. It doth not ſo much concern Bodily health, how much we eat, as how well we digeſt what we eat: So deliber
Rule 18. Follow the conciſeſt method in ſtudy; for as in going a journey, he which taketh the ſhorteſt and plaineſt way is leſs defatigated at Evening, then he that diverteth to rough or by-wayes; ſo it is in this caſe; the more ſuccinct me
Rule 19. Apply not your ſelf to ſolita
Mutual Diſcourſe about profitable queſtions, will not onely promote your Studies much, but alſo bring promptneſs of tongue, rendering you more capable to ſpeak publikely.
Rule 20. To conclude, if your mind be at any time diſturbed with ſtudy, uſe a little relaxation. It is better ſtudy be intermitted, then the underſtanding over
Arcus enim ſi nunquam ceſſes tendere, lentus erit, as ſung the Poet; A bow that is always bent, will ſtubborn grow. Re&c. Some ſcantling of time muſt be alſo allowed for daily exerciſe of body, but not in the morning, to be ſet a part for more ſolid Studies; rather in the afternoon, or a lit
HAving premiſed Rules for conſerva
Imbecillity of Natural Memory pro
Weakneſs of memory ariſeth from ſome ſmall indiſpoſition or Diſeaſe; if it be onely indiſpoſed through bad dyet or diſordered courſe of life, thoſe pre
That a man may better judge of his brains temperament, I have thought neceſ
IN the firſt place take the ſignes of a temperate Brain, which are theſe: The poſſeſſors thereof are not offended with heat, cold, moiſture, or drineſs, pro
II. Signs of a hot Brain. When heat predominates, the Head is hot in feeling, the parts about the head are hot and rud
III. Signs of a cold Brain. If coldneſs predominate, the Head is cold in touch, ſcarcely any red doth appear in the face, and that in cold ſeaſons converted to a bleak blewiſh hue, their eyes are weak,
Vertigo.
IV. Signs of a moiſt brain. In ſuch in whom moiſture doth abound, the head-hair is plain and copious, plenty of hair proceeding from moiſture, as colour doth from heat, for which cauſe moiſt brains never wax bald; their hair alſo ſeemeth bedewed with an airy oily fat humour, if it ariſe from natural humidity of the brain, or elſe with a wateriſh thin hu
V. Signs of a dry Brain. Dry Brains learn ſlowly, and do not eaſily forget; ſuperfluities of Noſtrils, Eyes and Palate are few, but Ear-was much; their Eyes are hollow, the hair of their heads hard and curled, growing ſpeedily bald.
VI. Signs of a hot and moiſt Brain. Such as partake of hot and moiſt brains, have hot heads, humours alſo find paſ
VIII. Signs of a cold moiſt brain. Such as are indued with cold humid brains, have dull ſences, weak pulſe, ſlow motion, heads repleniſhed with ſuperfluities, ren&c. ſeldom become bald, are not long angry; finally, they abound with ſuperfluous humours.
XIX. Signs of a cold dry Brain. Such as partake of a cold dry brain, enjoy ſound intire ſences in youth, which pre
HAving expoſed to your view the ſigns of the Brain's temperament, Order requires I ſhould in the next place ſpecifie a particular Dyet for every tem
II. If the Brain ſuffer through exceſPepper, Ginger, Cloves, &c. All ſorts of Wine and ſtrong Drink; Gar&c. re
III. If the Brain be over-cold, it muſt be tempered by abſtinence from things of a refrigerative nature, and uſe of hot things; perſons afflicted with a cold Brain, muſt deſiſt from uſing all things which cool the Brain, as Lettice, Musk-Melons, Brown-bread, Brains of living Creatures that are humide, as of Calves, Pigs, &c. unripe fruits, green herbs, un&c. Let them decline the Moon and Northerly Winds, eat hot vi&c.
Hot Odours comfort the Brain, exhaled from Balm, Mint, Galangal, Roſemary, Lignum Aloes, Oranges, Amber, Musk, &c. Moreover Green Ginger eaten faſting twice or thrice a Week, in quanBalme, Cammomile, Sage, Bay-leaves, Hyſſope, Fennel, Sweet-Marjerome, &c. have been decocted; Laſtly, Unction of the nape of the neck, and two uppermoſt ſpondyles with tepid oyl of Dill or Rue, adminiMemorie.
4. If the brain abound with ſuperfluBroths, Pottage, Milk, Swines fleſh, eſpecially Pigge, young Lanbs, Chickens before they are plumed, Musk-Melons, &c. Let them refrain from uſe of Garlick, Onions, Strong Drinks, and all other things which reviſcoſity, leſt through augmentation of Phlegmatical matter in the brain by fly mie meat, they render themſelves obnoxious to Apoplexies, Lethargies, or Palſies. Let their meat be well ſeaſonSpain, doth mighTobacque) temperately taken, is beneficialCitrons ta
5. If the brain be too dry, it muſt be lenified with moiſtners, ſuch people muſt abſtain from ſalt meats, and all drying things, and avoid the eaſt wind, Let them eat moiſt and ſucculent things, as Rear Eggs, Capons, Phea
So much for the four ſimple quali
6. He which hath a Brain too hot and moiſt, muſt fly all moiſtening and heating things, refreſhing himſelf with cold and dry things; for ſuch the North wind is good, the South wind hurtfull: cold dry odours are moſt fit for them, as Saunders, Roſewood, Eglantine, &c. Lotions made of cooling drying herbs decocted; unctions with cooling drying oyls, as oyl of Myrtleberries, of Cammomil flowers, oyl of Hony, oyl of Roſes.
7. Brains hot and dry in exceſs, muſt decline hot and dry things, and recover themſelves with cooling moiſtViolets, or of Water-Lillies,; cold moiſt ſcents are moſt adMullein, Nightſhade, Roſes, Violets, Water-Lillies, Willow leaves, &c.
8. Perſons afflicted with brains too cold and moiſt, (to which diſtemper moſt Students are incident) have a veMemorative faculty, for of the four primary qualities, Humidity and Frigidity, are moſt noxious to Memory, but Frigidity moſt of all; yet the Brain is more facilely and ſpeedily cured of theſe diſtempers, than of the others, becauſe the Brain (of the ſeven prinAromatical ſpices, Nutmegs Ginger, Cynnamon Powder of Euphorbium, Zedoarie, &c. Of Herbs, Balme, Marjerome, Water&c. In Conſerves. Of
&c. Sack drunk temperately. Alſo Conval LilMemory and Sences, and exhilerate the heart: Conſerve of Roſemary flowers is of like virtue. After meat it is good to eat Conſerve of Quinces, Anniſeeds, or Cynnamon in Confects, or CorianLignum Aloes, Styrax, Muske, Civet, Ladanum, Bettony, Nigella, Roſemary, Lavander, &c. It is alſo very profitable to anoynt the Temples once a moneth with Partridges Gall, till it penetrate. Frication of the head in a morning faſting with courſe clothes perfumed with Frankincenſe, as alſo much and frequent Exerciſe, is very beneficial. Moiſt humours may be ſometimes expelled from the head by ſneeſing powders, amongſt which Nutmegs
Bettony rubbed to powder, and ſnuffed up into the Noſtrils, provoketh ſneeſing withTyles, or Oleum Philoſophorum (as ſome call it) tepified, and anoynted on the hinder part of the head, and uppermoſt rackMemory, decayed by a cold or humid cauſe. To conclude, all cold moiſt food and ſauces, are hurtfull, no leſſe noxious is moiſt air, and cold morn
9. Such as are oppreſſed with too much coldneſſe and dryneſs of Brain (to which qualities moſt aged men are ſubjected) muſt eat frequently a little at a time, nouriſhing themſelves with humective dyet, ſuch as heateth modeRear Eggs, New butter, ſweet Almonds, Filbirds, Pine-apple-kernels, Cheſnuts, Piſtachioes. All nouriſhing meats, and ſweet things, as Lyquorice, Hony, Sugar, Raiſins, Conſerves of Borage and Bugloſſe, Cytron peel Preſerved. Strong ſweet wine, as Muſkadine, Ipocras,
Roger Bacon, a faAn ancient husbandman (ſaith he) wearyed with plowing, and thirſty with his hot labour, drank water of a Cytron colour, and after he had greedily ſwallowed the ſame, was changed both in complection and ſtrength like one of thirty years of age, poſſeſſing more excellent diſcretion, memory and underſtanding, than ever he enjoyed before, from which time he lived eighty years in the Kings Court, Bacon who reciteth this thought, that waOyl of Lillies or Cammomil, is very beneficial. The anſwer of Pollio doth notably inſtruct us how profiWine and Oyl are to conſerve
Auguſtus (as Pliny relateth) by what means he had preſerved vigour both of minde and body to that age? replyed, By wine within, and oyl without. Baths made of Decoctions of hot and moiſt hearbs are moſt uſefull, as alſo hot Odours, but all things moiſt and cold are to be avoided. The conveniIdea's of Notions do as it were bubble and erect themſelves, whereby Invention is exacuated; for Phantaſie pertaking of corporeal quali
This may ſuffice for recovery of deMemories, when no diſeaſe is contracted.
IF Memory be ſo far impaired, ſome diſeaſe enſueth, recourſe muſt be had to Phyſick as to the laſt refuge, wherein nothing is to be undertaken without a Phyſitians advice; for though there be many medicines found in apMemory may be reſtored, yet it is unſafe to rely wholly upon ſuch written directions: ſo long as Memory doth proſperouſly diſcharge its Office, according to the innate temperament of the Brain; yea though declining ſomewhat from temProverb,
Natura ſonos fruſtra medicina fatigat.
But now it is high time to contract ſails, and put this work into a Harbor, concluding with Horace,
Vive, vale ſi quid noviſti rectius iſtis, Candidus imperti; ſi non, his utere me cum.