Warm beere, or, A treatise wherein is declared by many reasons that beere so qualified is farre more wholsome then that which is drunke cold with a confutation of such objections that are made against it, published for the preservation of health.

Warm beere, or, A treatise wherein is declared by many reasons that beere so qualified is farre more wholsome then that which is drunke cold with a confutation of such objections that are made against it, published for the preservation of health.

Table of contents

Title page

To the Reader.

The preface of the Publisher to the Reader.

In commendations of WARM BEER.

CHAP. I. The use and necessitie of drink.

CHAP. II. That actuall hot drink doth quench the thirst as well as cold drink, or better.

CHAP. 3. The reasons and objections for the use of actuall cold drink are examined.

CHAP. IIII. The hurt that ariseth from the use of actuall cold drink.

CHAP. V. The benefit that ariseth from the use of actuall hot drink.

CHAP. VI. Herein is shewed how the Grecians and Romanes used hot drink.

[Page]A Treatise of warm drink.

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WARME BEERE, OR A TREATISE WHEREIN is declared by many reasons, that Beere so qualified is farre more wholsome then that which is drunke cold. With a confutation of such objections that are made against it; published for the preservation of health.

CAMBRIDGE, Printed by R. D. for Henry Overton, And are to be sold at his shop entring into Popes-head Alley out of Lumbard-street in London, 1641.

To the Reader.

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GAlen hath a saying in his second book De facultat. naturali, in the end of his 9. chapter, and that is this; Studium eorum laudandum est qui vel explanant rectè dicta à sapientibus, vel supplent si quid omissum sit ab eis: The which I hope, gentle Reader, will be a protection for this my book against such as think nothing well done which they do not themselves, for that I endeavour to do both these things which Galen commendeth, [Page] that is, explain some points heretofore writ by our learned Masters and not regarded; and also to adde some things before not thought upon by them. And although I have no great hope by this my writing to work a generall good, because errours long used make us both blind and deaf, be the truth never so apparent, not unlike the owl, as Aristotle saith, whose sight the sun-beams dull; yet I doubt not but some will take it thankfully, and making use will take benefit thereby, assuring themselves I write nothing here, which I hold not for the truth, and have made long experience of, both by [Page] self, and divers of my friends. I have therefore published it in our native tongue, respecting a generall good, referring the commendations of the thing to the proof, and us all to the Almighty. Amen.

The preface of the Publisher to the Reader.

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CHristian and beloved Reader, hearing of this ensuing Treatise of warm beer lying in the hand of a worthy Gentleman and friend of mine, I made bold to send to him for it; who hearing of my practice according, did very kindly send it to me: The which, after I had read the same, and considered the arguments brought for the proof thereof, and weighed them together with mine own experience in the use of it, I was thereby [Page] exceedingly strengthened in my judgement, and abundantly confirmed in my custome. Then speaking of this treatise and the subject matter thereof to some of mine acquaintance and friends, and what benefit I found by the use thereof, they desired to see the same; and when they had read it, they intreated me that it might be printed, and that I would declare mine own experience which I had found by constant use of the said warm drink, that it might be published for the generall good: to whose request I could not but consent. And therefore I shall not speak any thing by way of commendations of this book, but will leave it rather to the judicious [Page] Reader and true practicer thereof; and will onely relate unto you what I have found true by long experience. First, heretofore when I did alwayes drink cold beer, and now and then a cup of wine, I was very often troubled with exceeding pain in the head, which did much distemper me; also with stomach-ach, tooth-ach, cough, cold, and many other Rheumatick diseases: But since my drinking my beer (small or strong) actually hot as bloud, I have never been troubled with any of the former diseases, but have alwayes continued in very good health constantly (blessed be God) yet I use not to drink wine, because I find that hot beer [Page] (without wine) keepeth the stomach in a continuall moderate concoction: But wine and hot beer doth over-heat the stomach, and inflameth the liver, (especially in cold stomachs which have hot livers) and men oftentimes drinking wine to heat their cold stomachs, they thereby also inflame their livers, and so the helping of the cold stomach is the means of the destruction of the liver: But hot beer doth prevent this evil, for it heateth the stomach and causeth good digestion, and nourisheth and strengtheneth the liver. And that hot beer, actually made hot doth cause good concoction, you may conceive it by this comparison: The stomach is [Page] compared to a pot boyling over the fire with meat; now if you put cold water therein it ceaseth the boyling, till the fire can overcome the coldnesse of the water, and the more water you put in, the longer it will be before it boyl again, and so long time you hinder the meat from being boyled: So it is with the stomach. If you drink cold beer, you hinder the digestion of the meat in the stomach; and the more cold you drink, the more you hinder it. Also, cold water doth not onely hinder the boyling of the meat in the pot, but also causeth the meat to be hard, so that if it should boyl six houres longer then ordinary, yet still the meat will be hard [Page] and never tender and soft: Right so it is with the stomach. Cold beer doth not onely hinder concoction, but also harden the meat in the stomach, as you may see by them which drink over much cold beer at or after dinner or supper; six houres after they will vomit up the same meat again, as raw and undigested as if it were but even then eaten: which they could not have done, if they had not cooled their stomachs so much with cold beer: because nature would have digested the meat before that time. But on the contrary, hot water put in a boyling pot with meat, hindereth not the boyling thereof, neither doth make the meat hard, but [Page] continueth the boyling thereof, nourishing the meat with sufficiency of liquour, and maketh it soft and tender fit to be eaten: So in like manner doth hot beer to the stomach: It hindereth not concoction, nor hardeneth the meat in the stomach, but contrariwise, it continueth its concoction, and maketh it fit for the nourishment of the whole body.

Again in the second place, as this hot beer is excellent good for the keeping of the stomach in good order for concoction, and consequently good health; so it is most excellent for the quenching of thirst. For I have not known thirst since I have used hot beer: let the weather be never so hot, and my work [Page] great, yet have I not felt thirst as formerly. Nay although I have eaten fish or flesh never so salt, which ordinarily do cause thirst and drinesse, yet I have been freed from it by the use of hot beer, and have been no more thirstie after the eating of salt meat then I have after fresh. And the reasons make it manifest being confirmed by experience, if we consider when a man is thirstie, there are two master-qualities which do predominate in the stomach, namely heat and drinesse, over their contraries, cold and moisture. When a man drinketh cold beer to quench his thirst, he setteth all foure qualities together by the ears in the stomach, [Page] which do with all violence oppose one another, and cause a great combustion in the stomach, breeding many distempers therein. For if heat get the mastery, it causeth inflammation through the whole body; but if cold, it surfeteth the body, and bringeth a man into fluxes and other diseases: But hot beer prevents all these dangers, and maketh friendship between all these enemies, viz. hot and cold, wet and drie, in the stomach; because when the coldnesse of the beer is taken away by actuall heat, and made as hot as the stomach, then heat hath no opposite, his enemie cold being taken away, & there onely remains these two enemies, [Page] dry and wet in the stomach: which heat laboureth to make friends, as you may see in this example. In fire there is heat and drinesse: and in water there is cold and moisture, which are opposite to the qualities in the fire: Now if you throw the cold water upon the fire, you set these opposites together by the ears, but if you would quickly quench the fire, take hot water and throw thereon, and one bucket full of hot water will quench more fire then foure buckets of cold. The reason is, because of the extreme opposition between hot and cold: but when the coldnesse of the water is taken away and it made actually hot, then hot water to hot [Page] fire agreeth as like to like, and peace being made between hot and cold, the heat maketh friendship between wet and dry.

Also you may see wet and dry easily reconciled by heat, in another example: Take a dry piece of wollen cloth, and throw it upon cold water, and you shall see how wet and dry will oppose one another: the water will not let the cloth sink into it, and the dry cloth will not let the water enter into it; but the cold water will slide off from the dry cloth, and the cloth will swim upon the water: But if the water be made hot, and the cloth thrown thereon, they will immediately embrace one another without any opposition.

[Page] So likewise, if you put cold water upon dust, wet and dry will so oppose each other, that the dust will not suffer the water to sink into it, but the water will trull up and down on the dust like quick-silver: but if the water be hot, and put never so lightly upon the dust, it will incontinently sink into it without opposition. And thus you see by these examples how heat is as it were a means to make friendship between wet and dry. Even so it doth in the stomach: When one is exceeding thirstie, the beer being made hot and then drunk into the dry stomach, it immediately quencheth the thirst, moistening and refreshing Nature abundantly.

[Page] But some will say, Cold beer is very pleasant to one that is thirstie: I answer it is true: But pleasant things for the most part are very dangerous. Cold beer is pleasant when extreme thirst is in the stomach, but what more dangerous to the health? How many have you known & heard of, who by drinking of a cup of cold beer in extreme thirst, have taken a surfet and killed themselves? What more pleasant then for one that hath gone up a hill in summer time and is exceeding hot, to sit down and open his breast that the cool aire may blow therein? And yet how dangerous is it? For a man in very short time, for getting himself, taketh a sudden [Page] cold, and surfets thereon, which costeth his precious life for his pleasant aire. Therefore we must not drink cold beer, because it is pleasant; but hot beer, because it is profitable, especially in the Citie for such as have cold stomachs, and inclining to a consumption. I have known some that have been so farre gone in a consumption, that none would think in reason they could live a week to an end: their breath was short, their stomach was gone, and their strength failed, so that they were not able to walk about the room without resting, panting and blowing: they drank many hot drinks and wines to heat their cold stomachs, and cure their [Page] diseases, especially sweet wines, but all in vain: for the more wine they drank to warm their stomachs, the more they inflamed their livers, by which means they grew worse and worse increasing their disease: But when they did leave drinking all wine, and betook themselves onely to the drinking of hot beer so hot as bloud, within a moneth their breath stomach and strength was so increased, that they could walk about their garden with ease, and within two moneths could walk 4. miles, and within three moneths were perfectly made well as ever they were in their lives. And I doubt not but many that have practiced this thing can witnesse the [Page] truth of these as well as my self: So having performed the request of my friends to set down my experience and the reasons moving me, I leave it now to the practice of such as by themselves or their Physicians are satisfied of what use it may be to them, desiring the Lord to adde his blessing, for his glory and for their comfort. Amen.

F. W.

In commendations of WARM BEER.

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WE care not what stern grandfires now can say,

Since reason doth and ought to bear the sway,

Vain grandames say saws ne'r shall make me think,

That rotten teeth come most by warmed drink.

No grandfire, not, if you had us'd to warm

Your mornings draughts, as I do, farre lesse harm

Your raggie lungs had felt; not half so soon,

For want of teeth to chew, you'd us'd the spoon.

Grandame, be silent now, if you be wise,

Lest I betray your [...]ing niggardize:

I wot well you no physick ken, nor yet

The name and nature of the vitall heat.

'T was more to save your fire, and fear that I

Your pewter cups should melt or smokifie

Then skill or care of me, which made you [...]

[...], and stamp to see me warm my beer.

Though Grandfire growl, though grandame [...], I hold

That man unwise that drinks his liquour cold.

W. B.

CHAP. I. The use and necessitie of drink.

NOt without great judgement have the poets feigned Prometheus to have entred into the heavens, and by Pallas help to have brought from thence celestiall fire, naming one thing and intimating another: nor with lesse dexteritie of wit doth Homer in his eighth book of Iliads call a method in writing [...] a golden chain, seeing that it is as impossible without it to declare [Page] any thing orderly, as to search through all the secret places of the Labyrinth without Ariadnes clue of yarn. And seeing a method doth require his definitions, divisions, subdivisions, and such like, in a brief yet ample manner, so as nothing be superfluous or wanting, I will do my good will to speak all, yet in as few words as I may, fitting my speech agreeably to the multitude for whom it is written, not affecting curiositie as a thing onely meet for the learned.

You shall understand then that the whole contents of this book depend onely upon this question; Which is [Page] more wholesome in the regiment of health, drink made actually hot by the fire, or (as it is now used) actually cold, and sometimes made cold.

First therefore I think it necessary to shew the occasion why provident Nature hath imposed a kind of necessitie of drinking upon us.

Secondly to shew and make manifest whether drink made hot doth as well or better supply those necessities, as drink being actually cold or made cold?

Thirdly to examine the reasons and confute the objections which are given for the maintenance of actuall [Page] cold drink.

Fourthly to set down all such discommodities as do and may arise from the use thereof.

Fifthly to shew the good and profit that redounds to the body by the use of actuall hot drink.

Lastly to make it manifest, that it is no new device, but a thing which hath been in common use amongst the Romanes and Grecians, and is and hath been used alwaies among whole nations and religions.

Understand then that according to the rules of physick, drink is used for three purposes. First to allay our [Page] thirst; secondly to intermingle with our food; thirdly to be the vehiculum and carrier of the nourishment into the universall bodie. Which three are comprehended under two, according to Galen, Lib. 1. De usu partium, that is, under the allaying our desire of drinking, and being the instrument and means to boil the meat in the stomach.

The allaying then of thirst being the first cause why we are constrained to drink, let us begin with it, and examine the reasons which may be made for the profit of the one, and the offence of the other. The which we shall more easily do, if we first call [Page] to remembrance what thirst is.

This word Sitis, which in english signifieth thirst or drought, according unto Plato is nothing else but a desire of drink, for these be his words, Sitis verò est concupiscentia potionis, Thirst is a desire of drink; although Aristotle in his book De Republica cited by Athenaeus, saith, drought is a desire of hot or cold drink, and in his book De anima defineth it to be the desire of cold and moisture: His words are these, Sunt autem fames & sitis appetitus: quorum fames quidem appetitus est rerum calidarum & siccarum; sitis verò, humorem &[Page]frigus efficientium, Hunger is an appetite after hot and drying, but thirst of things effecting moisture and cold. Which opinion of Aristotle, being clean opposite unto our argument handled in this treatise, doth seem at the first blush so fully to manifest the matter, as that it may seem great folly to apprehend any thing which is so merely contradictory, and no little impudencie to oppose my self as of my self against so great a philosopher: And therefore it concerneth me either to prove that drink actually hot doth better cool and moisten the body then cold, or else Aristotles [Page] meaning is not directly as his words do seem literally to pretend: The which I think may easily be apprehended and collected, if we will weigh the tenth section in his Problemes; where inquiring what the cause should be why other creatures do sooner prey of and eat dry meat then moist; but man more often moist then dry: He answereth thus, because man is most hot, which causeth him to desire to be cooled. Whereby it is to be noted, that he onely maketh mention of moisture to cool him, the which agreeth with Galen in his book of unequall temperatures where [Page] he doth prove the occasion of thirst to be drought, which is remedied per humidum, not per frigidum, that is, by moisture, not by cold. For although it cannot be denied but that heat doth procure thirst, yet look into the reason, and you shall find it is propter inopiam humiditatis, because it hath not his just proportion of moisture; which causeth us in the hot time, if we labour much whereby we excessively sweat, to desire to drink, for the cause above alledged. But to enter into further consideration of the matter, let us examine the reasons why cold should be [Page] necessary in allaying thirst. It appeareth to me, that it is either to the end to extinguish it, or to mitigate it. But extinguish it by any means it cannot. For let any man that is exceeding dry, eat any thing that is never so cold, not having any moisture joyned with it, and he shall find by experience that it may well choke him, but in no sort allay his drought. And for mitigating his drought how dissonant it is to reason that drought joyned to drought, be it never so cold, can work that effect, let the Reader judge, being clean against the principles of learning; Nam omne tale [Page]additum tali, facit id ipsum magìs tale, For every like joined to its like intends more the ground of its likenesse, that is, the quality wherein they are alike.

Then if it be alledged that the drought having heat joyned with it, requireth cold, in respect of his heat, as drinesse doth moisture, and so cold joyned with moisture doth best remedy both, because Contraria contrariis curantur, contraries are cured by their contraries; yet it seemeth to me a matter farre unfit for two causes: the one, although that be Galens ground, yet it is not so to be taken literally, but [Page] as it stands with that ground likewise, which is, that Omne repentinum naturae inimicissimum est, All sudden alterations are contrary to nature: and therefore cold being added to heat, unlesse it were in a farre more remisse degree then the heat, doth work great inconveniences, or endanger the life; as it is to be seen in those who drinking cold drink being hot fall sick to the death. The other reason is, for that it is not possible that every man, woman or child, who being hot desire drink, can upon every motion so proportion the cold that it shall just fit the degree of heat; and then if it [Page] be too small by his antiperistasis it hurteth where it should help: if greater then the heat requires, in stead of allaying the heat it utterly killeth it. For the testimony whereof, besides our daily experience, there be infinite histories extant; as for example, Paulus Jovius writeth that Candella Scala prince of Verona being hot in his armour drank out of a fountain cold water, and presently died. He writeth also that the Dolphin of France sonne to Francis the French king, then in his time being, although he were a lustie strong Gentleman, yet he being hot at tennis, and drinking cold [Page] drink fell sick and died. The like happened to Pompeius Columna who was Vice-Roy in Naples for Charles the fifth. Amatus Lusitanus an excellent physician in his time, in his Centurie reherseth three histories of young men who died drinking cold water and wine, in their heat.

CHAP. II. That actuall hot drink doth quench the thirst as well as cold drink, or better.

BUt because I may observe a method, now we have found what thirst is to be termed according to the ancient [Page] Philosophers minds, let us according to the second point pretended to be handled in this place, shew that hot drink doth better satisfie all circumstances necessarily required, then actuall cold drink.

You have therefore heard that Nature hath enforced a necessitie of drinking uopn us for two causes: the one for allaying our thirst, the other to be a means to boil, and being boiled to carry and spread our nourishment universally in our bodies. As touching the first point, thirst being drinesse requireth his contrary, as Plato saith in his aforenamed book, [Page] which is moisture for his antidote and help. But to prove that hot drink doth soonest perform that, I will use two arguments.

1. Whatsoever doth most speedily carry and disperse moisture into the bodie, doth best and soonest cure drinesse. But heat doth speediliest carrie and effectualliest distribute moisture; Therefore it doth best help drinesse.

My minor I prove out of Aristotle, where he saith, In caliditate est vis aperiendi fortissima, In heat is a most strong force of opening. Again Galen in his book de facultatibus, knowing that heat [Page] joyned with liquour doth enforce the quicker passage, prescribing a draught of water in the disease of the stone, commandeth that it be drunk hot: which also is one of the reasons why we make our potions to purge, to be taken hot of our patients.

Our second argument is this. Whatsoever moisture being come to the place destinated for it doth best unite, and effectualliest enter in, doth soonest work according to his nature and qualitie: But heat doth best unite it self with heat, and so conduct the moisture in: Therefore it doth most effectually allay our thirst.

[Page] My minor I prove out of Aristotle, where he saith, Similia similibus gaudent, that Is, Like rejoyce in their like: and in his second book De generat. & interitu, where he sheweth that the liker things be the sooner they passe into one another and unite: for saith he, Quae inter secognatione continentur corum transitus admodum velox est; quâ quidem si caruerint est tardus: propterea quòd faciliùs unum quàm multa commutatur, Things agreeing in qualitie, their passage from one to another is swift; which agreement if they want it is slow: because the more like the things be the sooner they do [Page] passe into one another. By which it is apparent my minor is true, That heat doth soonest unite with heat, and so by consequence hot drink best allayeth thirst. And in another place he hath this saying, Quaecunque ex uno in unum recedunt, eadem uno tantùm consumpto gigni; quaecunque ex duobus ad unum pluribus labefactatis, Things passing into one another by one contrariety are united, one being onely consumed; but things passing into one another by two or more, are united after the corruption of more contrarieties. Which plainly demonstrateth that drink being already made warm doth [Page] sooner passe, enter, and allay thirst.

As concerning the second point, that is, That it doth best boil the meat in the stomach, and from thence serve for a generall vehiculum, I reason in this sort.

That liquour is more fit to be used for boiling the meat in the stomach, that is more aiding to good concoction: But drink actually hot is more assisting to good concoction then cold: Therefore more fit to be used.

My minor I prove in this sort: Concoction is nothing else but Alteratio nutrientis in propriam qualitatem ejus quod nutritur, The alteration of [Page] the nourisher into the quality of the thing nourished: as Galen doth shew in his second book De facultat. natur. cap. 4. and in his 3 book De facultat. natural. cap. 7. which alteration groweth by putrefaction: for ex corruptione unius fit generatio alterius, by the corruption of one thing another is generated: but this putrefaction is soonest and most naturally performed by heat and moisture, which both are supplied in warm drink: Therefore drink made actually hot, is more assisting then cold. But understand by the way that this putrefaction is meant, not as Galen in some places taketh putredo to [Page] be mutatio substantiae putrescentis corporis ad interitum ab aliena caliditate, a change of the substance of the body putrifying to its own destruction by the heat of another, but it doth corrumpere, manente semper substantiâ rei eâdem, mutatis solummodo accidentibus, corrupt, the substance remaining ever the same, the accidents onely changed: but to the proof of our minor which is, That putrefaction is soonest performed per humidum & calidum, and so consequently better assisted by warm drink then by cold, Galen saith that concoction is performed by naturall heat: [Page] which naturall heat is nothing but a temperate heat proportioned with moisture: therefore my minor is, proved. And that naturall heat is a temperate heat rightly proportioned, as I have alledged, although it be so manifest as it needs no proof, yet I will prove it by Galens authoritie where he saith, Naturalis calor est recta & mensurata caliditas quae in humido sibi proportionato consistit, Naturall heat is an equall and well measured heat consisting in moisture proportionable unto it: and in his second book De ratione victùs, describing what a fever is he saith, that an ague is mutatio [Page]caloris nativi in ignem, which is as much to say, as the altering of a temperate moist heat into a fiery drie burning: and Trincavell in his epistle De medicina treating of concoction of the stomach saith, that primum & proximum internum ejus instrumentum quo ille utitur in concoquendo est suus naturalis calor, qui non est res aliqua diversa & aliena à natura & ejus substantia: & is calor est temperatus non excedens rationem naturae illius, rei its first immediate internall instrument, which it useth in digestion, is its own naturall heat, which is not a thing different and alien from his nature and substance; and [Page] this heat naturall is temperate, not exceeding the nature of the thing it self.

Then as concerning the other branch of the proposition, which is, That it is a fitter vehiculum, I this way prove it.

Cold drink is apt to stop and stay long in the stomach, and therefore not so fit to be a vehiculum and carrier, as that which doth with more facilitie passe: and that it doth so, I prove it out of Trincavell in his 3. book of his Consilia, where giving advise with other physicians to one that had a windie stomach, he forbad cold water to drink, because saith he, [Page] being actually cold it doth tarry long in the stomach before it passeth away. But because some perchance will say, it may be cold water doth so, but cold drink doth not, therefore heare what Scola Salerni saith of our beer. They say it doth inflare & obstruere, breed wind and stoppe, and therefore unfit for a vehiculum: and so much for the point.

CHAP. 3. The reasons and objections for the use of actuall cold drink are examined.

NOw as touching the third thing promised to [Page] be handled in this book, let us examine the reasons which are given for the use of actuall cold drink, and first let us alledge such authorities (if there be any) as do make any way for it. I remember Plinie in is 28. book of histories, his 4. chap. affirmeth that it is against nature for us to drink hot drink, because, saith he, No other creature doth use it, nor is there any beast but desires cold drink.

Again Bernardino Gomes a Spanish physician in his Enchiridion amongst other remedies alloweth cold drink, & made cold with snow, for a wholesome remedie against the gout, and morbus arthriticus, [Page] which he would not have done if it had been hurtfull, or a weakner of the stomach.

Monardus also in a treatise he writeth of drugs that came from the west Indians, commends cold drink, and affirmeth hot drink dest roieth the liver.

It is alledged that it better quencheth thirst, that it helps concoction, whereas hot destroieth it.

It is alledged cold drink is good and pleasing unto the tast of man, and so is not hot.

It is alledged the finest spirits fly away in the heating, whereby it nourisheth [Page] not so much.

That Plinie so writeth I cannot denie, but with how little consideration of the matter let the reader judge; he useth no argument to maintain his opinion but onely this, It is not fit nor good for us, because bruit beasts love it not, which onely imitate their naturall instinct; and so doth thereby as it were inferre, that it is not naturall unto us. But how ridiculous & how unworthy a reason it is to be answered, let any man judge: for it is as much as to say because bruit beasts eat their food raw, therefore it is against nature for us to have ours rosted or sodden: [Page] But if I should so say, I doubt not but I should not be believed. And therefore as small cause is there to believe Plinie in the other; for it is one and the self same reason.

Secondly, whereas Bernardino Gomes the Spaniard in the aforenamed place, not alledging any reason for his opinion, might very well be answered without reason; yet because it shall be seen how little credit his authority ought to carry, and of how small worth it is to be esteemed, I will endeavour to give the reason, why it is a mere senselesse thing either so to affirm or write, unlesse onely for the avoiding of a [Page] further inconvenience, as I will hereafter declare.

First gouts and all diseases of that kind depend on and grow most especially from the weaknesse and crudity of the stomach, which Trincavell in his 96. counsel doth make manifest. These be his words, Nulla particula majorē vim habet podagram & id genus dolores procreandi quàm ventriculus, qui vel suapte naturâ fit crudior & imbecillior quàm ut possit rectè conficere cibum ingestum, vel ex incongrua victûs ratione, No part conferres more influence to the breeding of the gout and diseases of that kind then the stomack: [Page] which either of its own nature is too crude and weak for to digest the meat, or else because of its incongruous power and virtue.

Now to prove that the stomach is said to be rawer when as it wants heat, and that we use to call that raw which wants concoction by heat, heare what Johannes Langius Fol. 75. writes: these be his words, Quicquid à calore nativo & congenita viscerum caloris temperatura non fuerit concoctum & elaboratum, id cùm in corporis alimentum converti nequeat, crudum appellare solet Hippocrates, Whatsoever is not well concocted by the naturall and [Page] connate temperature of heat in the bowells, seeing it cannot be changed into the nourishment of the body, Hippocrates useth to call it crude.

Consider then, gentle reader, if the gout be especially bred through the weaknes of the stomach for want of heat, how unfit a generall medicine cold water is, and what warrant Gomes his authoritie is for us: For although Galen giveth two reasons how the gout is bred, which are Imbecillitas articulorum, & affluxus materiei, imbecillitie of the joynts, and abundance of grosse humours; yet the principall is a bad stomach. But because [Page] I will not judge that a man in any sort learned will so much passe himself in writing, but upon some great reason moving him thereunto, I conceive he calling to mind Galens words, where he saith, Vinum potens nervosis particulis nocet, Strong wine hurteth the sinewy parts; or peradventure Mesues where he saith, Vinum per se nocet articulis & nervis, Wine of it self hurteth the joynts and nerves; giving this reason, because fundendo & attenuando maximo calore suo excitat fluxiones, by running through and attenuating it doth with its most powerfull heat provoke fluxes; and living in a [Page] place where there was nothing but strong sack, thought of two evils the least was to be chosen, and knowing water could not so vehemently pierce and carry fluxes, as those strong wines, advised water. But if this or some such like reason moved him not, I think it very absurd for any man of learning to write, and too foolish for us to believe: and therefore you may understand that upon what occasion soever Gomes wrote, it is no warrant for us.

Thirdly, that Monardus writes hot drink destroies the liver, and cold contrarily helps, I cannot deny; but yet [Page] I will shew that in so saying he playeth the right Spaniard, who meaneth least the matter that he seemeth to speak plainest. For whereas in generall words he affirmeth hot drink to destroy the liver, he afterwards makes such an exception, as I think few at this day live who be not comprehended within some one branch thereof: so that he either saith nothing in his generall position, or else so little that few there be that it concerns. And that this is true you may judge by his exception following, where he saith that these here under excepted may best drink their drink actually hot, viz. [Page] old men, idle persons, whether it be in body or mind, and that have weak stomachs, or abound with raw and crude humours, all that have infirmities in their lungs or pipes of respiration, all that have weak backs or weak kidneys, all that be subject to windinesse, all youth and young children. Judge now, indifferent reader, how many live in this age, who have not some touch of this exception. And although he seems to make it currant (yea made cold with snow) for them which have hot livers, I pray you how many be there of those that have not cold stomachs? And [Page] whereas he saith that cold drink cools the liver, I absolutely deny it, unlesse he means killing for cooling. And for proof I produce Galen upon one of Hippocrates aphorismes, where he saith, Aquae frigidae occursus aut vincit nativum calorem aut colligit; whereas hot drink by deoppilating doth eventilate it naturally, and so preserve it in temper: for I dare affirm where one hath his liver hotter then naturally fitteth without obstructions, thousands have not; which that common disease at this day Flatus hypochondriacus doth plainly prove: and therefore to what small purpose Monardus [Page] authority is, let every one judge.

Now for the fourth objection, where it is alledged that cold drink doth better quench the thirst, I have in the beginning of this treatise so fully handled that point, that it were a frivolous thing to trouble the reader with any thing more concerning that matter; and therefore I will recite the fifth objection.

Which is, Cold beer helps concoction in the stomach. How untrue this is, I will plainly shew: All cold is an enemy to concoction: but drink not actually made hot is cold: therefore drink not actually [Page] hot but cold is an enemy to concoction, and therefore helpeth it not.

My minor I prove out of Aristotle in the fourth book of his meteors. These be his words, Frigus quatenus frigus est cuicunque calori concoctioníque adversarium, est & cruditatis parens, Cold in its own nature is an adversary to whatsoever heat and concoction, and is the parent of crudities: and Galen primo Technic. saith, Frigidi est officium bene appetere, malè autem digerere, It is the nature of cold to affect powerfully, but to digest poorely: And further seeing concoction is performed by warmth, it must [Page] needs be decayed by often working upon cold: for mark but this infallible argument and you shall easily see the truth: Every agent doth also suffer it self something in the action, so as naturall heat daily and almost hourely expugning the cold drink taken into the body doth every time suffer something, and so in small time doth wax weaker and weaker. How true this is daily proof doth make manifest: for how many men do you see after they come to five or six and fourty years, or at the most fifty, troubled with the stone and gout, who were not before? which happeneth upon no other cause [Page] but ob debilitatem stomachi, by reason of the imperfectnesse of their stomach, which having long suffered in his daily action with the cold, is now become infirm.

Sixthly it is alledged, cold drink is pleasing to the tast, and so is not the other: which truly if it were true might seem a reasonable cause why we should (if imminent danger of inevitable hurts did not depend on the use of it) addict our selves to take it cold. But how false this is let Aristotle witnesse in his 3. book De anima, the 10. chap. who disputing of tasting saith Est ipse sapor qui gustu percipitur: atqui nihil absque humiditate[Page]saporis efficit sensum, It is favour which is perceived by the tast, but nothing without humidity makes any sense of favour: and in another place, Omne quod ipsius efficit sensum humiditatem aut actu aut potentiâ habet, Every thing that maketh it self sensible hath humidity in it actually or potentially: and in another place, At verò cùm gustabile sit humidum, necesse est & instrumentum sensûs ipsius neque humidum esse actu, neque etiam tale ut humectari non possit humidúmque evadere, But seeing every tastible thing is moist, it is necessary that the instrument of that sense be neither actually [Page] moist, neither yet such as cannot be made moist: whereby is plainly proved that tast consists not in coldnesse but in moisture: And therefore it is said lapides & gemmae carent sapore, stones and pearls have no tast, quia carent humiditate: Indeed cold rather diminisheth, then addeth any thing to taste as may be seen in winter either in wine or beer being very cold: for according to Aristotle cold is rather qualitas tangibilis quàm gustabilis, a tangible then gustable quality: but if any at the first do not like the tast of hot drink, it is onely for want of use, and that by experience [Page] I find, having used it almost a year and a quarter before the writing hereof.

But as concerning the seventh objection, which is, that cold drink nourisheth best, in respect that heating of the beer passeth away its finest spirits; I thus answer: Beer having sustained a great boyling, those spirits which remain in it after that boyling, will not part with so small a heating: and of that I have made this experience; I have taken a kettle with a broad mouth and therein put three pottles of beer, & have boyled it half an houre to a gallon, and then I have set it in a pot with a limbech, and [Page] I have drawn from it as much aqua vitae as I could from a gallon, which was immediately put out of the barrel into the pot: which absolutely overthrows that objection. Yet if it had not been so, our drink could not have received any blemish: for first it is not in any open vessel, and secondly it never boyls. But seeing it holds in the greater, of necessitie it is not to be doubted in the lesser; for à majore ad minus is a good argument.

But now to the eighth and last objection: which is, That it opens the pores too much and maketh one catch cold: Although there be little sense [Page] or reason to maintain this objection (neither indeed can I conceive any colour of reason) yet I will reason something against it.

Nothing joyned to his like can make an extreme, but where the thing joyned is in greater degree then the thing to which it is joyned, nor can it make it greater unles it be in quantity. Therefore if naturall heat which is in the stomach do not by too much opening of the pores cause one to catch cold, the heat of hot drink as we drink it cannot: because it is as little or lesse then the heat to which it joyneth. For were it in extreme or hotter then [Page] naturally the stomach should be, we could not drink it. For otherwise why could we not drink any thing scalding hot? therefore it diminisheth none and addeth little, but preserving all naturall warmth it can give no occasion of offence; for if this were otherwise, wherefore do we commend hot broth, or eat hot meat, which in respect of his grossenesse keeps longer hot, and likewise advise exercise, but because naturall heat should purge animam per poros cutis & ductus convenientes, that is, the bloud through the pores of the skin and convenient passages: but leave off before you heat [Page] your self violently, and you shall never catch cold: for it is a violent heat doth extenuate and make way for cold. And therefore it is most evident that it suggests not the least cause in the world of that inconvenience. And so much for this point.

CHAP. IIII. The hurt that ariseth from the use of actuall cold drink.

NOw it remains that we do shew the hurt that cold drink doth procure, as the sixth position by order to be intreated of doth require. That it helps not the body, before is proved, but [Page] that it hurteth all and every principall part shall now be shewed. We will divide the body of man into three parts or sections, the head and that therein contained; the breast and all therein contained above the Diaphragma; and all that is contained in the ventre inferiore: But cold drink hurts all these, therefore my first position is true, viz. That it hurts all the principall parts. And because I will make it more manifest, I will particularly speak of every severall thing, first beginning with the head, and the least offences: and because the teeth are the first instruments we use in receiving our food, [Page] I will first speak of them. To prove that cold is an enemy to them, I produce Hippocrates in his first book and 18. Aphorisme, where he saith, Frigidum dentibus inimicum, that is, Cold is an enemy to the teeth; where although he addes not the reason, yet it seemeth to be for two causes: the one, because it taketh away their nourishment, as extinguishing their spirits; the other, because it alters from their nature the nerves inserted in the roots of the teeth: which Aristotle in his problems doth seem to intimate, when he saith that they contain but little heat propter tenuitatem meatuum by reason [Page] of the narrownesse of the passages, and therefore are easily overcome with the coldnesse of the bier: for you must understand that into the hollownesse of the teeth there come sinews à tertia conjugatione, and also that divers small veins and hairy arteries do branch in the inward part of the teeth, whereupon divers times the teeth being bored bloud issueth out. There is also inwardly a thin film or membrane, which in no sort can indure cold, and yet will be cut or filed without feeling; because the one is imparted to the uttermost part, the other to the root and hollownesse. [Page] If then bier in respect of actuall coldnesse be such an enemy to the teeth, which Nature hath provided for so many good purposes, as first, to divide our meat and to prepare it for our stomach; secondly, to be a means to articulate and grace our speech, whereby it comes to passe that those that want their teeth cannot bring forth R nor S; thirdly, to be an ornament and beauty to our face and countenance: for want of the teeth causeth the mouth to fall in with an undecent relapse of the lips into the hollownesse of the mouth. If I say there were no more but this, it were sufficient [Page] to think it too-too unfit for a man to use.

But to go further, I will prove it is hurtfull to the tongue, to the jaws, to the passage which we call oesophagus, the high way unto the stomach, and so by that means to the brain it self: not taking this position for my defence, that cold is, and so it may be interpreted outward cold, but that the actuall cold of drink taken into the body. And this way I prove it: The tongue is made first of flesh proper and peculiar to it self, and also of a thin membrane or skin, common to the rest of the mouth, three pair of sinews, and many [Page] veins, ten muscles, and a most strong ligament: these sinews come from the third and fourth and seventh conjugation. Oesophagus, which is the passage between the mouth and the stomach, is formed and made of two membranes proper to it self, and covered with a third outwardly, ligaments vertebratum prognata, sprung from the ligament of the backbone, of divers veins and branches coming from vena cava & coronaria ventriculi, of divers arteries coming from aorta, the noble artery which feeds all the body rising out of the midst of the heart, and of sinews from the [Page] sixth conjugation called stomachici; glandules likewise it hath, and two muscles. Now Hippocrates saith frigidum esse inimicum nervis, Cold is an enemy to the sinews, and to the marrow of the back, and generally to all spermatick parts, of which condition and state the brains are: If then cold be an enemy to the sinews, and the tongue, and the high way to the stomach formed of sinews; and if without the action which is performed by those sinews, there can be no perfect working, who can deny but drink taken actually cold, hurting and being an enemy to the sinews, is offensive to the [Page] tongue and those other parts compounded of them? For although it cannot be denied but the muscles strike a stroke also in their motion, yet they being made ex nervis, sibris, tendinibus, carne, vena, & arteria, and the sinews which are divaricated into the muscles being partes sine quibus fieri non potest motus, that is, parts without which these can be no motion, any offense committed to them must needs be hurtfull to all the rest.

But some will say, Grant that this is so, which way do you make good that the brain suffereth by this?

Even this way, setting all [Page] controversies aside, and not allowing Aristotles opinion in his 3. book De historia animalium, nor in his book De somno & vigilia, nor De respiratione, nor Alexanders opinion in his book De anima, nor Averroes in his second Colledge, nor Avicens doubtfull opinion which he holds tertio de animal. pag. prima primi; but affirming with Hippocrates and Galen that all sinews take their beginning in the brain (whether in the forepart or the hinder-part, is not here a matter pertinent) I say that offence being done to them in the mouth, so near to their root, is imparted ad radicem, and [Page] so consequently to the brain: for I acknowledge two sensible feelings & impartments, as I may term them, in the sinews: the one, peculiar to the part to which it doth serve; the other, common, and spread through the whole body: and by it is the brain hurt, between whom is such affinitie, that the inward part of the sinews is white and soft, almost like unto that of the brains. And therefore divers times Biasro de villa Franca doth affirm it the occasion of the Apoplexie. Again, it may be proved it breedeth a frenzy, both proper and improper, by stopping the passages of choler, [Page] whereas striking up ad septum transversum per nervos in ipso dispersos, as Paulus Aegineta affirms, it inflames it, & so causeth phrenitis spuria; and divers times striking up to the head per venas & arterias, it inflames the meninges of the brains, and so causeth an exquisite phrensi. Which plainly is proved by Hippocrates, where he saith in his 4. book and 17. aphor. white Vrines be dangerous; the reason whereof is, because choler in respect of those obstructions is ascended to the head, which otherwise would descend into the passages thereunto destinated by Nature. And of this I [Page] know many examples, and not long since in Sussex (where I dwell) at a place called Marfield, an hammerman coming in hot and drinking cold drink fell mad, and within short space so died. Furthermore although it be a sufficient argument to prove it hurteth the eye-sight and the hearing, because it hurteth the brains; yet I will more particularly prove it. For although the body of the eye be compounded of many parts, as of six muscles, six films or skins, three humours; yet it is also compounded of sinews, veins, and arteries, which come à juguribus[Page]& carotidibus, and by these both the visible animal and vitall spirits are carried to the eyes, as may well be proved by their defect in those that be dying or use women too much: Then thus I reason. Whatsoever decayeth concoction destroyeth all those, and so consequently the eye-sight and hearing: for Depravata concoctio in stomacho, as Galen saith, nunquam corrigitur in hepate neque in aliis: stomachus enim est materia omnium aegritudinum, Bad concoction in the stomach is never mended in the liver, nor in any other part: for the stomach is the cause of all diseases.

[Page] But that cold drink doth spoil and destroy concoction, shall be proved as it cometh by order to be handled.

The hearing also it must needs offend; so as although some that have no great dulnesse think it cannot be, for that they heare well; yet no doubt if from their infancy they had used the other, they might heare better. For compare his hearing that heareth best, and you shall find other creatures hear better then he. But to our purpose; seeing it is before proved that it hurteth the organa vocalia, that is, the mouth, the tongue, and oesophagus, in respect of the sinews; it must needs follow [Page] that it also hurt the hearing. For the sinews of the first conjugation do spread into many branches: the greater whereof go into the eare, and the membrane of the exquisite sense, & carrie all sounds to the brain; the lesser, to the tongue and larynx, in respect whereof, by reason of the sympathy, the hurt of the sinews of the tongue is imparted to the ears. Hereupon it comes to passe that those that be dumb be also deaf; and those which naturally be deaf, be alwaies dumb; and he that cannot heare by any outward sound, let him hold a thing in his teeth and he will heare. Which is used for [Page] a proof amongst excellent physicians, to try whether the fault be in nervo auditorio: though I am not ignorant that there is Altera causa societatis veteribus incognita, nempe canaliculus cartilagineus velut aquae-ductus, qui à secundo auris meatu ad os & palatum fertur, Another cause of society or sympathie between them unknown to the Ancients, to wit, a little gristly cane, as it were a water spout, which stretcheth from the second passage of the care unto the mouth and palate, acknowledged by all anatomie-Masters.

Now to passe downward along the throat, it is one of [Page] the greatest occasions that is of a most dangerous disease proper to that part, and that is the squinancy. For Aetius fol. 399. reckoning divers causes of that disease, useth these words, Maximè autem frigiditas & frigidi potio magìs quàm ardores plagae, & ossa, &c. Especially cold, and cold drink be the occasions of that disease above all other. Where although Aetius giveth not the reason, yet I conjecture it is for two causes: the one, ob constructionem, and the other, because it hurts and distempers the nerves serving for that part: which caused Archigines to say Occultae anguinae causam esse [Page]in quibusdam nervis qui ad stomachum deferuntur dum malè assiciuntur, That the cause of a secret squinancy is in the nerves which are carried unto the stomach, they being ill affected.

But to passe further, let us examine what hurt it doth to the lungs: Arnoldus de villa nova in his Regimine sanitatis, hath this saying, Generaliter malum est sanis bibere multam aquam frigidam, quia extinguit calorem innatum & pectus offendit, Generally it is evil for sound bodies to drink much water cold, because it doth extinguish the naturall heat, and offend the stomach.

[Page] Again, in another place he saith, Pro canna pulmonis caveant à potibus actualiter frigidis, which is as much to say as, In respect of the pipe of the lungs beware of drinking any thing cold. Again Paulus Aegineta saith, Frigida actu nocent pulmonibus, Things drunk cold hurt the lungs: and Galen saith it is such an enemy to the lungs and breast as many die thereby.

But peradventure some will object, that Galen meant of the coldnesse of the aire, and not of the coldnesse of drink. But to reclaim all men out of that errour, I will make it manifest that it [Page] was meant of things actually cold taken inwardly. And therefore Hippocrates, speaking of yee and snow used to cool wine, saith, it breaks veins and procures coughs; and Galen in his book of good and bad nourishment doth shew that he meaneth cold drink taken into the body, because he doth seem with a certain distinction to grant it to some; yet to drink it, saith he, over-cold or cooled with snow breedeth infinite sorts of hurt. And although strong bodies do not feel it presently in the heat of youth, yet when youth declines they begin to feel it in their joynts and other parts [Page] of their bodie when there is no help.

But because, as the saying is amongst Lawyers, Lex plùs laudatur, quando ratione probatur, that is, The law is most praise-worthy when it is proved by reason, so is physick; and therefore I will shew how the drink passeth to the lungs, and how passing thither it hurts and offends; not taking any notice of Hippocrates in his 4. book De morbis, where he useth many reasons against it, nor yet of Aristotle who contends for the contrary. But Hippocrates well understood doth not contradict the truth, as in many other places he [Page] shews, and all other ancient Philosophers, as Plato, Philoponus, Locrus, Plutarch, and experience it self confirms. Understand then when I say drink goeth to the lungs, I mean not all the drink we take into our mouth, but some portion thereof: And because I am to shew which way it passeth thither, therefore I think it not amisse to recite a place of Galens De simplicium medicinarum facultatibus, where he denieth not but some part of our drink doth passe by the rough arterie into the lungs: And in his methodus medendi he commands that in ulcers of the rough arterie we should lye [Page] along on our backs, and hold the medicine in our mouthes, whereby it might by little and little go into the rough artery. Hippocrates in his book [...] doth in plain words teach that some portion of our drink doth passe that way. These be his words, Homo, inquit, maximam partem in ventrem bibit: Gula enim sive stomachus velut infundibulum potûs copiam & quaecunque volumus excipit: bibit autem & in guttur ac arteriam; minûs verò, & quantum latere possit per primum illapsum: operculum enim exactum operit, ut nè permiserit quidem aliquid amplioris potûs penetrare, For the weasand [Page] or the stomach as a tunnel receives plenty of liquour or what else we will; whence it comes to passe that a man doth drink the most part into his belly: but he doth also drink into his lung-pipe or rough artery, lesse indeed and so much as can slide in, in the swallowing; for so exact a lidde doth cover it that it will not suffer any great quantity to enter. By these authorities now you do not onely learn that part of our drink doth passe to our lungs, but also by what passages, to wit, per asperam arteriam, being taken in per rimam epiglotidis. It is therefore to be understood that our windpipe [Page] pipe, being called aspera arteria in Latine, hath joyning to the toppe of it, next to the mouth, a certain stopple, as it were, formed of divers muscles, sinews, veins and arteries, called Larynx of our anatomy-Masters, whose uppermost part hath a covering formed like a little tongue, which stoppeth it that nothing we eat can descend into the wind-pipe; for when we offer to swallow any food it bears upon that, and so stops it the closer: But when we drink, some little quantity of liquour slides in between the chink.

It may be some unlearned will say, What is this to the [Page] lungs? I answer, from thence it goes to the lungs: for to omit that aspera arteria is cartilaginea semicirculariter, as not appertaining to this treatise, I am to shew you how it is clothed duabus tunicis, quarum altera interior est oesophago, linguae, palato, & ori communis; altera exterior magìs tenuis: Haec arteria ubi ad jugulum pervenit, bivio distracta in pulmonem, numerosâ serie spargitur inter venam arteriosam, & arteriam venosam media, that from that it may draw bloud, and into this transmit aire: And by this means doth the drink taken into the rough artery enter the lungs. Neverthelesse peradventure [Page] some will say, grant all this be true, yet why doth cold drink hurt the lungs?

I answer, for divers causes: but one effectuall cause here to be mentioned is, because it is contrary to the temper of the lungs; for the lungs be hot, although Hippocrates in his book De corde seemeth to affirm the contrary: for it is but comparativè in respect of the heart. Nor do I respect some other places both of Galen and Hippocrates touching that point, and therefore here I omit them, as not appertaining to this place, affirming with some of our late writers the lungs [Page] to be hot, being nourished with the most aeriall and spirituall bloud elaborated in the right concave of the heart.

Furthermore cold drink hurts in another respect, for that the lungs be easily affected with obstructions and phlegmatick humours: which all come à frigida temperatura, that is, of cold. By this may the Reader see how cold drink doth hurt to the lungs, that he needs not rest satisfied onely because Galen so saith, but because reason perswades.

Now it follows to prove it an enemy to the stomach; which if we do, considering [Page] the stomach is radix corporis, which nourisheth the whole body, as Hippocrates saith, I hope there is none so obstinate but will adjudge it worthy the forbearing. Therefore concerning this (because it falls out here in course to be spoken of) I will adde something not spoken of before.

Understand then that drink actually drunk cold, is not hurtfull to the stomach in one respect onely, but in divers. First, in respect of the composition of it; Secondly, in respect of the temper; Thirdly, in respect of the parts that depend upon it; Fourthly, in respect of [Page] of our life it self.

In respect of its composition; because it is compounded ex tunicis, venis, arteriis, & nervis, to which cold drink is the greatest enemy: witnesse Trincavell, in his first book of his counsels, his xxxix. counsel, where he hath this saying, A cervisia frigida prorsus abstineto, quia maximè nocet nervis.

2. In respect of its temper, because naturally it should be warm; as may be seen by the provident care of Nature, placing it sub Diaphragmate, which not onely by his own proper heat, but also with a forrein heat borrowed from the heart, doth [Page] warm it. It hath also on the right side, the liver; on the left side, the spleen; in the lower part, omentum & colon intestinum having plentie of fat; and in the fore part epiploon, with the help of peritonaeum, and the muscles abdominis, & vena umbilicalis are to it a covering: in the hinder part there are the muscles of the back, and last of all a great branch of vena cava and the great artery: which all shew that Nature hath incompassed it round about, like a caldron, with fire. How fond a thing is it then to cool that which nature would have warm, and how contrary to the health of man?

[Page] Thirdly, in respect of the parts that depend upon it, it is very prejudiciall, as shall be shewed. And first to begin with the head; the stomach never suffereth in any small degree, but the head beareth his part also; so the offence done to the one is committed to the other. Which happeneth in respect of the great community of those great sinews which come à sexto conjugio, from the brain unto it. That this is true, although it be so well known to men of learning that there needeth no proof, yet for the better satisfaction of the unlearned, let them but weigh these instances following.

[Page] First, the stomach being but troubled with melancholy you shall see the brains participate of the same: so the stomach never suffereth hunger, but it doth lacessere cerebrum vibratis nervis; yea, such is the communion between them, that neither the one nor the other doth hardly suffer, but conjunctivè, together. For let the head be wounded, and the scull be broken, whereby dura mater is but exposed to the aire, or let any thing but presse it or the brain, and presently the stomach will vomit aut flava aut aeruginosa; because the stomach jure societatis is drawn in sympathiam per similitudinem[Page]& vasorum communionem: which be the chiefest causes of sympathy, as Galen in his comment ad Sect. 1. lib. 31. Epid. doth well note.

The heart suffereth likewise by communion, as may be seen in cardiaca passione, that is, swounding, Syncope, and the utter exclusion of all strength; which cometh diverse times, the mouth of the stomach being ill affected, as if the heart it self were.

The meseraick vains also suffer, being by cold stopped, and so made unable to draw as naturally they should; and thereby is nourishment hindered. It doth for the like respect and cause hurt the [Page] liver: for, as Galen 1. De Symptomatum causis, doth excellently shew, and Andreas Laurentius doth notably explain, exhaustus partium is chiefly necessary to nourishment, and then their sucking and drawing. For the parts that be exhausted still draw from the next, untill they come to the last, which is the stomach: so that the meseraicks being stopt, the order of the whole body is perverted, and there either remaineth no appetite, or a preposterous one, for want of just feeling: Et hujus insensibilitatis causa, as Laurentius saith, est refrigeratio nervi, obstructio ejusdem, exsolutio facultatis appetentis.

[Page] But some will say, let this be so; how prove you drink drunk actually cold doth stop?

To make this clear heare what Arnoldus de villa nova saith in the Treatise he wrote to the King of Aragon for the preservation of his health; to whom upon some respects he granted both actuall and potentiall cold drink in the canicular dayes, having (as it seemeth) a strong hot stomach, but adviseth him to adde to it a little vineger: because, saith he, to those that have strait meseraicks, it is necessary: The reason was, because without vineger it would stop. And in another [Page] drunk when it hath them all, à multò fortiori, not to be drunk when they be gone. To demonstrate that it is berest of them in the boyling, weigh but this: Take water boyled, and water never boyled, and set them out in the frosty weather, and that which hath been boyled will first freeze: Which is because its warmest parts are exhaled out of it.

But it may be objected, that although water will do so, yet the composition of beer hath taken that away; and therefore beer is freed from that fault.

I answer, set beer and water out, & beer will freez as soon as water. But let us look into the composition of beer: It is [Page] made of barley, water, and hops. Barley is cold in the first degree, hops hot in the second: now a thing hot in the second degree, put to double so much of a thing cold in the first degree, maketh but a temper: but if it did, this is nothing to the actuall cold, although it were something to the potentiall: for it is the actuall cold we stand on. And therefore water, beer, or whatsoever it be, if it have but the positive degree of cold, all is one. To our purpose: Arnoldus in his regiment of health, hath these words, omnis cervisia ex grano est grossior quàm vinum, & multùm difficile ad digerendum [Page] place he findeth fault with drinking of cold water; because, saith he, it is sluggish, & impedit omnem cursum, and stoppeth all passages. Trincavellius also saith, cold drink hurteth all that have obstructions and impostumes. Again, Galen De locis affectis saith cold doth spirituum vias & cursus impedire; and Aristotle saith, it doth congelare. Avicen 2. Cautic. tract. 1. cap. 4. saith, est etiam vitandus potus aquae in mensa, water is to be eschewed at the table. Whereof Averroes expoundeth the reason to be, because, priusquam stomachus calefecerit, infrigidat & incrudat, before the stomach can [Page] warm the meat, by cold water it is cooled and crudified. And Galen, knowing that cold water was stopping, caused it therefore for the stone to be made hot (where he would have it to deoppilate) as before is alledged.

But it may be objected; grant all this you write is true, what is this to our beer which hath endured a boyling?

I answer, it is more vehement against our beer then water unboyled: and this is the reason. Water which never was boyled hath in it all its aeriall parts, which be both his warmest and finest parts, and most penetrable; and therefore if not to be [Page] drunk when it hath them all, à multò fortiori, not to be drunk when they be gone. To demonstrate that it is bereft of them in the boyling, weigh but this: Take water boyled, and water never boyled, and set them out in the frosty weather, and that which hath been boyled will first freeze: Which is because its warmest parts are exhaled out of it.

But it may be objected, that although water will do so, yet the composition of beer hath taken that away; and therefore beer is freed from that fault.

I answer, set beer and water out, & beer will freez as soon as water. But let us look into the composition of beer: It is [Page] made of barley, water, and hops. Barley is cold in the first degree, hops hot in the second: now a thing hot in the second degree, put to double so much of a thing cold in the first degree, maketh but a temper: but if it did, this is nothing to the actuall cold, although it were something to the potentiall: for it is the actuall cold we stand on. And therefore water, beer, or whatsoever it be, if it have but the positive degree of cold, all is one. To our purpose: Arnoldus in his regiment of health, hath these words, Omnis cervisia ex grano est grossior quàm vinum, & multùm difficile ad digerendum[Page]facit oppilationes in visceribus, &c. All beer, saith he, made of grain is thicker then wine, and being hard to digest it maketh obstructions in the intrals: what can be more plainly spoken to our purpose? Schola Salerni saith, it doth inflare & obstruere, break wind and stop; which is as much as we endeavour for this point to prove. And because it shall be known that howsoever you make your beer, yet it is stopping of it self, and therefore much the more drunk cold, note these diversities, that beer made of barley onely is most cold; that that which is made of barley and oats lesse nourisheth [Page] and lesse stoppeth; and that that which is made with much wheat is more nourishing, and most stopping.

But to the last point, which is, Drink taken cold into the stomach indamageth our life; which I prove in this sort: Whatsoever is a decay or downfall to our spirits, indamageth our life: But cold drink taken into the stomach doth so: Therefore cold drink taken into our stomach, indamageth our life.

My minor I prove in this sort: Life, according to Paracelsus, in his book De vita rerum, is nothing else but Spiritus: These be his words, Vita rerum nihil aliud est quàm [Page]essentia spiritualis, invisibilis ignis, impalpabilis res, spiritus, & spiritualis res, Life is nothing else then a spirituall essence, an invisible fire, an impalpable thing, a spirit, and a spirituall thing: and death is no more then inversio virium & virtutum, the altering and overthrow of our strength: Seeing then our life is a spirituall thing, and spirits be the food and nourishment of spirits, as Ficinus in his book De sanitate tuenda doth well observe, my major must necessarily follow, that to be a decay to the spirits is to abbreviate our life. My minor, viz. that cold drink taken into the stomach doth decay [Page] the spirits, I prove thus. The spirits are ingendred of the bloud (and that Montanus in his Counsels doth take notice of, where he saith in this sort, Spiritus sunt semper proportionati sanguini; nihil enim aliud sunt quàm vapor sanguinens bene concoctus, The spirits be proportioned to the bloud; for they are nothing else but the vapour of the bloud well digested) whatsoever then maketh ill bloud, maketh ill spirits; and whatsoever doth so, shorteneth our life: but cold drink worketh that, therefore it shortneth our life. My major is averred by Montanus in the place before cited: My minor I prove in [Page] this manner. God bloud is made by good concoction: but the actuall cold in the stomach breedeth crudity and not concoction, and that crudity consequently ill bloud: therefore cold breeds ill bloud.

My minor I prove in this sort out of Aristotle, lib. 4. De partibus Animalium, where he saith, Calor vim habet concoquendi, Heat hath the force to concot; and in his second book De generatione Animalium, where he also saith, Frigus est privatio caloris, Cold is the privation of heat: what hindereth then but the conclusion is good, That actuall cold drink breeding ill bloud [Page] causeth a defect of the spirits, and so consequently abreviateth our life? For Galen in his first book De humoribus, saith, Virium robur adesse nequit ubi crudorum humorum copia coacervata est, that is, Strength can not be where store of raw humours be: and in his book De sub. Facult. Natur. he saith, all actions come from concoction.

But to make it somewhat plainer, I will use some more authorities. Our life (as Galen observeth) doth consist in naturall heat and radicall moisture; which is nothing else (as Avicen writeth) then an oyly unctious vapour arising from the bloud: to [Page] which Aristotle consenteth. This naturall heat, as Avicen in lib. de complexionibus writeth is diminished two wayes: Aut per resolutionem naturalis humiditatis, aut per augmentum extrancae, that is, Either by decay of naturall moysture, or by the increase of forrein. Now naturall moysture doth decay either by the aire, in which we live, that drieth it up; or by labours of the body or mind ill proportioned, as he testifieth in his first book Fenic. act. 4. cap. 7. and forrein moisture doth increase, either by the use of meats which by their own nature ingender and breed it; of which sort are Mellons, Cucumbers, [Page] and such like fruit, being either immoderately, or unseasonably eaten; or else of ill concoction: by means whereof such an unnaturall humour doth grow in our bodies, that the outward and remote parts deprived of their nourishment languish, wither, and dy, because they are not nourished. Which Isaac de Febribus doth well note, using these words, Talis humor per depravatam concoctionem à natura alienus propagatur, ut externae & remotae corporis partes, privatae suis alimentis, languescunt, exarescunt & emoriuntur, quia non nutriuntur. Hereby may the Reader discern in what sort actuall cold doth offend [Page] our life: upon great consideration therefore did Avicen in his fourth book, Canone 4. Capitulo, De rebus quae caniciem retardant, use these words, Digestio est radix generationis naturalis & non-naturalis humoris, that is, Digestion is the root of the generation of naturall and unnaturall moysture.

But some ignorant person will say, although the stomach be offended, yet the liver may make good bloud, if so be it be not distempered.

To the which I answer, No more then a Cutler a good blade of naughty iron, and bad steel: which is not possible, [Page] be he never so good a workman. For as the iron and the steel, being the materiall cause of the blade, cannot contrary to their nature be made perfect in the workmans hand: no more can the chylus, first made in the stomach, being the materiall cause of bloud, being bad be made perfect by the help of the liver.

By this now you see how contrary to our health it is to use actuall cold drink. But let us examine what hurt it doth to other particular parts. Hippocrates hath these words in his Aphorismes, Sedi, pudendis, utero, vesicae calidum amicum, frigidum inimicum, that [Page] is, Heat is a friend, but cold an enemy to the seat, the privities, the belly and bladder: And Cornelius Celsus saith, Frigidum inimicum intestinis, vesicae, utero, &c. that is, Cold is an enemy to the intrals, bladder, and stomach. So, as it appeareth, it hurteth the bladder, the bowels and the kidneys, the mother, and what not: But because we will not conclude it is so, because Hippocrates and Celsus say it is so, we will examine, first, the reason, and then experience, the best master in trying any thing.

The reason why it hurteth the bladder is in respect principally of the neck thereof, [Page] which being stopped with a musculeous substance cold offendeth, and divers times procureth a strangury. But this will be thought very untrue and unlikely, that drink drunk cold can passe so to the bladder, and there offend: but let us examine experience, and see whether it ever have been known so.

Forrestus, an excellent Physician, alledgeth in himself the cause of a strangury, happening unto him to the great indangering of his life, to be drinking of cold beer after his return out of Italy. And I know my self a gentleman of great worship (who because he is living shall not [Page] be named) who coming from hunting hot, and drinking cold drink, suffered such pain, as I being with him did fear some erosion in the neck of the bladder. Besides it divers times cometh to passe, that with cold this part suffering a resolution, the party can in no wise hold his water, but it cometh from him without his knowledge.

To the mother also it is hurtfull, as Hippocrates, Cornelius Celsus, and divers learned Authours write; whereof although they give not the reason, yet I will shew it may be so in divers respects: as first, in respect of its composition, being made ex tunicis, nervis, [Page]venis, arteriis, & ligamentis, to all which cold is an enemy as hath been proved before: Secondly, in respect of its temper, which naturally ought to be hot, because Injectum semen calore multo eget ut suscitetur, concipiatur, formetur et foveatur: Thirdly, in respect of its vicinity with other parts, as the bowels and the bladder, between which est maxima conjunctio per villos complures, to which cold is a great enemy: Whereupon seldome is the mother diseased, either by inflammation or otherwise, but either an inordinate desire to go to the stool or of urine doth insue: so great is the affinitie between [Page] the matrix, bowels and bladders. And last of all cold is hurtfull to the matrix in respect of its community with the stomach; for that the stomach being hurt with cold transfers, tanquam ad sentinam & cloacam corporis, such abundance of superfluities to the matrix, as doth evert its naturall temper and strength, and is the authour of many irreparable diseases.

But some will say, that this is strange, although it be true that cold will work these effects in the mother, that beer drunk actually cold can passe to these places being so remote, and the cold can there be left or offend.

[Page] But to confirm it by experience, these instances I have seen: About the yeare of our Lord 1590. I was with a gentlewoman one Mr Clarks wife of Jarcks hill in Kent, in whom, labouring of a cancer in her matrix, I tryed this experience, that giving her beer actually cold she would immediately be in the greatest pain in the world, but give it her hot and she felt none. Another woman dwelt in Houndsditch, at the signe of the guilded cup, seven years since, who likewise labouring of a cancer in the matrix, if you had given her cold beer, it made her be in great pain, if hot, [Page] in nothing so much: By which it is evident that the beer did passe so cold, as that it gave a sensible feeling of the difference. And therefore it is not to be doubted but that the actuall cold was an enemy, being so much more misliked of Nature then the hot.

Now let us examine by what means drink received actually cold hurts the bowels, according as our ancient physicians write: For my own opinion, I hold it hurts them many wayes: First, in respect it breeds crudity in the stomach, whereof groweth fleam, which fleam descending into the bowels [Page] breeds intollerable collicks, and worms. Secondly, it breeds windinesse, which likewise is the nurse of extreme inconveniences incident to the bowels. Lastly fluxes, although non primariò tamen jure societatis, that is, not primarily yet by right of society. Seeing therefore it hath been heretofore proved it is so generall an enemy to our health, in hurting all and singular our principall parts, I may well conclude with Aristotle in his fourth book of Meteors, Cold is an enemy to our nature: and so by consequence drink drunk actually cold; and therefore to be eschewed.

CHAP. V. The benefit that ariseth from the use of actuall hot drink.

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BUt now according to our promise we will shew the great good that ariseth of hot drink: and although in laying open the defects of drink taken actually cold, there is much spoken of the good that redounds to the body by the use of hot drink; yet because according to our determinate course it comes in order to be intreated of, I shall say something not before said.

First therefore it shall be proved it helps the stomach, and by that means the head, [Page] and by that means the liver, and by that means the bowels, and by that means the splene, and by that means the kidneys and bladder, and by that means the matrix in women, and by that means keeps back old age, and consequently preserves life. And although in handling of the defects which cold beer procureth unto all these parts, I have sufficiently by the hurt of the one laid open the help of the other, yet I will adde unto my first sayings new reasons, because I will not be tedious to the Reader, not renewing any authorities heretofore cited, but alledging Authours of [Page] no lesse moment.

Galen 3. Technic. hath this saying, Calidiora calido iribus iudigent auditoriis, Things whose temper tends to warmth have need to use helps of the same nature: then thus I reason. The stomach is an office of warmth; Therefore it must needs be helped with warmth: agreeable to the which position is our beer made actually hot. Now to prove that the stomach being warm must be helped with warmth, and that it is not any way without hurt to be bereaved of his warmth, mark what Avicen. 3. Tract. cap. 5. intimateth: where writing of warmth in mans [Page] bodie, he counselleth, nay rather forbiddeth, that no man wash his hands in warm water: because saith he, the heat is drawn out of the stomach by the warmth of the water, by which digestion in the stomach is hindered, and that being vitiated, it is a means to breed & ingender worms. Which declareth how profitable it is to put our drink hot into our stomach, in respect of keeping warmth there which by cold would be repelled: And our ancient physicians have been so jealous of decaying the warmth of the stomach, that they have forbidden us to stand near a great fire after eating, [Page] for the reason above named. In like manner, and for the same cause, doth Avicen forbid a man to walk fast after eating, Nè calor propter motum attrahatur ad partes exteriores, Lest the heat by stirring be drawn outwardly. How much more consonant is it therefore to reason to use warmth in the stomach, whereby naturall heat is increased, then to use things cold, whereby it is lessened? And this Hippocrates in his Aphorisme which begins In hyeme multus cibus, &c. doth make plain; who holdeth that in winter we can eat most meat: whereof Galen giving the reason saith, it is [Page] because the outward cold keeps in the heat in the stomach, and makes it stronger: And yet I remember Arnoldus De villa nova, makes such doubt of cold, that he seemeth to take exceptions at Galens words, and saith, if the outward cold be great, it is necessary the stomach be well covered, naturally or artificially, or else it will weaken it.

But let us examine the reason, how helping the stomach it helpeth the head: which thus I prove. Whatsoever is the means whereby the head is least oppressed with excrementitious matter, is helpfull to the head. But hot drink is so: Therefore hot drink, &c.

[Page] My minor I prove in this sort: Whatsoever suggesteth least cause of unprofitable matter, is the cause the head is least oppressed. But hot drink doth so: Therefore hot drink is helpfull. The minor thus I prove: Whatsoever fortifyeth concoction suggesteth least cause of unprofitable matter: But hot drink doth so: Therefore &c. The minor is thus proved: Whatsoever preserves the stomach in naturall warmth fortifyeth concoction: But hot drink doth so: Therefore hot drink fortifyeth concoction. The minor is true: For whatsoever temperate heat joyneth it self with naturall heat preserves [Page] the naturall heat of the stomach: But warm drink being temperate joyneth with the other: Therefore hot drink preserveth the naturall heat of the stomach. Now it is evident that the warmth of actuall hot beer is in no extreme, but after a sort contrary to both the extremes, and therefore temperate: For Montanus in his Counsels saith, Mediocria temperata sunt ad sua extrema tanquam ad sua contraria, that is, Mediocrities are called temperate as well in respect of their extremes, as in respect of their contraries.

Now will I also prove that by helipng the stomach it also [Page] helps the liver, in this sort: whatsoever washeth the stomach naturally, and keeps the meseraicks open, doth help the liver: But hot drink doth so: Therefore it helps the liver. But before I prosecute the argument any further, I will shew how in performing that, it helps the liver; which it doth two wayes: First, because in washing the stomach and bowels it produceth inanition, which causeth appetite; which is a desire of new matter fit for new bloud: Secondly, because in keeping open the meseraicks it keeps the liver from any great obstructions, whereby it breeds warmth according [Page] to nature, and also brings continually good nourishment for the liver to work upon. And to prove this, That hot drink doth so, according as my minor requires, I produce Arnoldus De villanova, who writeth thus, Aqua calida stomachum lavat, & ventrem purgat, Hot water washeth the stomach, and purges the belly. And that heat doth this in respect of its actuall heat, let Avicen witnesse, who commending medicines for ulcerated lungs, wisheth they be administred warm, because of piercing; thereby acknowleding warmth to be the means of piercing.

[Page] Furthermore that drink actually hot, helpeth also the splene, may easily be proved: for that the liver receiving good nourishment maketh good bloud, and so overchargeth not the splene with abundance of matter to its grievance or annoyance.

Again, how by helping the stomach it doth good to the kidneys and bladder, I thus prove. Whereas the kidneys and bladder are subject to that grievous disease of the stone, hot drink is a means to withstand it, by two principall effects: the one, in that it strengthens nature, whereby she frameth no moist cause fit to form that disease; [Page] it being most principally bred by a slimy matter, first hammered in a feeble stomach: the other in that it doth so scoure the kidneys and uriners by his actuall heat, as there can no slime remain untill it can be baked to a stone, although the kidneys were of the hottest.

And that this is approved by learned men, Arnoldus de villa nova may be president; who giving compounded waters, having a specificall diverting faculty of themselves, to pierce, commandeth that they be drunk as hot as they can be indured, because it addeth to their deoppilative virtue.

[Page] But to the other point, which is, That it helps the matrix: Trincavell calls the matrix of women sentinam corporis; and hot drink being a means by strengthening the stomach to make every member do his office, as before is shewed, causeth the lesse to be transferred thither and so takes away all annoyance that may grow of any extraordinary superfluitie. It is also a means by its deoppilating virtue to bring into naturall course that which is according unto nature to be avoided: And by these two means it is a principall occasion to make women fruitfull: who divers times by defects [Page] growing of obstructions, and other grievances of nature through much surcharge of superfluity, become barren. Thus have I given you a tast how helping of the stomach, it helps the matrix. But for the proof of the last point, which is that it keeps back the defects of old age, and is a means to prolong life, let us call to mind what old age is, and what life; and upon what occasion the defects thereof are hastened or deferred. Ficinus lib. 1. De sanitate tuenda saith, Vita nostra est tanquam lumen in naturali calore, caloris autem pabulum est humor aerius, atque pinguis tanquam[Page]oleū: so as sive humor deficia [...] sive prorsus excedat, sive inqu [...] netur, statim calor naturalis debilitatur, & tandem debilitat [...] extinguitur. And another learned man writeth thus Tam diu anima hanc molem in colit, quàm diu humorum de fectus aut intemperies, miser [...] morborum parens, non ingruit: hinc enim senectus quae debilitat animi vires mutátque colorem, So long doth the soul inhabit this lump, as the defect of moistnesse, or distemper, the miserable parent of diseases, doth not invade: for hence cometh old age, which doth debilitate the strength and change the colour. And Vives saith, Quàm diu retinetur[Page]calor naturalis in corpore temperatus, perseverabit sanitas, & observabitur habitus juvenilis, As long as naturall heat is reteined temperate in our bodie, we continue our health, and keep the habit and shew of youth.

Now the defects of old age are commonly as follow; 1. Horinesse of hair, 2. wrinckles in the face, 3. leannesse of bodie, 4. defect of memory, 5. generall weaknesse of the whole bodie, 6. bad sight, 7. thicknesse of hearing, 8. much phlegme 9. diseases of the lungs: If then I prove cold beer hastens these, and hot beer retards and mitigates them, I hope I shall be [Page] thought to prove my assertion

First then let me consider whereupon the hair takes its alteration: The causes of the grainesse of the hair are, aut humor frigidus latens in poris, either cold humours lurking in the pores, aut ariditas, ut in segite maturescente, or drinesse, as in ripe corn; aut debilitas virtutis, or weaknesse; aut corruptio pituitae, or corruption of the phlegme: and according unto Aristotle, cap. 2. De historia animalium, aliquando adventus nimii caloris externi, sometimes the accesse of too much externall heat: All which to be produced by actuall cold drink, shall be proved severally.

[Page] And first, That breeds cold humours most that weakens the stomach: But it is proved that cold drink doth so: and therefore it breeds them most.

Secondly, drinesse it mightily procures in this respect; for being a means that the laudable concoction cannot be made, the parts that should draw it do refuse it as not fit for them, and so wither for lack, and runne into a marasmus, which is a weaknesse of all the virtues in the body; which ariseth ab inopia humoris, from want of moisture.

That it is a means that phlegme putrifies must necessarily [Page] follow: for ex debili calore fit putrefactio, from weaknesse of heat cometh putrefaction; which that which is actuall cold procures, and so necessarily hastens that symptome of old age. For care is said and the much use of fish to procure hoarinesse of hair for no other cause but for the reasons abovesaid.

Then that it procures wrinckles in the face doth consequently follow; for that they proceed, vel ex carne extenuata, either from the extenuation of the flesh; vel ex carne vacua, or from emptinesse.

Leannesse of body follows; because plenty of spirits is [Page] not bred by ill concoction.

Defect also of the memory; because Nature fainting can not serve all the senses, and so it draws nearer still to the heart, neglecting the farthermost to maintain life: and besides, because it breeds much phlegme, an enemy to memory.

Bad eye-sight it procures; because it causeth defect of the spirits; and because the body abounding with much phlegme breeds thick spirits, which make a dull sight.

Thicknesse of hearing; because ex debili calore multi torpores, from weaknesse of heat ariseth heavinesse, and this hinders the perfectnesse [Page] of hearing: and because it causeth scarcitie of spirits, which can not serve all the senses exquisitely.

Much phlegme, another defect of age, it causeth also; because it weakens the stomach and so is cruditatis parens; & ex cruditate pituita, the parent of crudity, from whence cometh phlegme.

Diseases likewise of the lungs; because Catharres be the companions of ill digestion: and so what with those, and what with the stopping of phlegme, the lungs must needs suffer. And therefore the reason why actuall hot drink is said to mitigate all these, is because it [Page] doth fortificare digestionem, ex qua multiplicantur spiritus vivi, strengthen digestion, by which the vitall spirits are multiplied; which being the pabulum of our senses, the one can not fail while the other increaseth. And therefore Arnoldus de villa nova saith, Dum spiritus & calor naturalis non debilitatur, neque pili canescunt, neque cutis corrugatur, So long as the naturall heat is not weakened, neither doth the hair wax gray, nor the skin grow shriveled nor wrinckled. And how it is a means to preserve life shall be shewed.

CHAP. VI. Herein is shewed how the Grecians and Romanes used hot drink.

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NOw to come to the last point, which is, That it is no new devised thing, but that which hath been used amongst the Grecians and Romanes in the time of their longest age, and is in use at this day in countreys where they live farre longer then we do; which shall be proved by divers clear testimonies.

And first to prove it was in use amongst the Grecians, heare what Philostinus that excellent physician, wrote unto his countreymen: He [Page] counselled them in the spring and all winter to drink their liquour calidissimum, most hot; and in the summer luke-warm: so that at all times he shews that cold drink was not to be used.

Athenaeus also in his eighth book, speaking of Stratonicus the harper, saith he called Rhodios, Cyrenaeos branchos, and their citie, civitatem porcorum; quia Rhodios deliciis exsolutos, & calidum bibentes, contemplatus, albos Cyrenaeos nuncupabat, Rhodiúmque oppidum, civitatem porcorum: Rhodios qui dem à Cyrenaeis colore diversos autumans, at ob luxûs similitudinem, & proclivitatem eandem[Page]in voluptates, cum porcis urbem illorum comparans.

Moreover Julius Pollux in his Onomastico propounds this question, Whether the ancient Fathers drank their water hot? and concludes they did: And Lucianus in his Asino writes that the Grecians used their drink hot; which Arrianus likewise in his controversies proves. Apuleus maketh the same manifest, speaking of Fotis in this manner; Ecce Fotis, mea jam domina, cubitu reddita, jactâ proximè rosâ sertâ & rosâ solutâ in sinu uberante, ac me pressim deosculato & corollis revincto, ac flore prosperso, arripit poculum ac desuper[Page]aquâ calidâ injectâ porrigit ut biberem, &c.

But for further proof, I will prove it both by ancient writers of prose, and also poets, that the Romanes used it.

And first Varro, in defining this word Calix by the Etymologie, saith it comes of the Latine word Calidus, because in it, Calidus apponebatur potus, Hot drink was served.

Paulus likewise the lawyer, speaking of the difference between the vessels that they heated water in, saith there is no great difference between Cacabus and Ahenum; for in the first they boil their meat, and in the [Page] other their water to drink: And Julius Pollux in his 9. book, calleth that vessel Ahenum where they boiled their water to drink.

Seneca in his first book De ira maketh mention of hot water, the which was in use to be drunk in his time: And in his second book the 25. chapter. Dion likewise in his 57. book proveth the same in the history of Drusius, son to Tiberius: And in his 59. book, intreating of Caius Caligula, who killed an host for selling hot water in the time of the funerall of Drusius, as a man irreligious to sell hot water for delicious drinking in time of common [Page] mourning. Moreover Marcellinus in his 28. book shews that all taverns were forbid to sell any hot water or wine untill foure a clock in the afternoon.

Again Cornelias Tacitus, writing of the poysoning of Britannicus, shews how the means they wrought to poyson him without suspicion was, to bring his drink so hot that he called for cold water to allay it, wherein they had put the poyson.

Plinie also in his 7. book, speaking of Marcus Asinius maketh it manifest: for, saith he, the drink being too hot, he held it in his hand to cool, untill one sitting next to him [Page] remembred him of it, and said it would be too cold.

Now to prove it by the authorities of poets, I will first begin with Plautus, who in his comedy of The vaunting souldier, saith, Lu. Neque ille hic calidum exbibit in prandium. Pa. Neque tu bibisti? Lu. Dii me perdant si bibi, Si bibere potui. Pa. Quâ jam? Lu. Quia enim absorbui; Nam nimis calebat, amburebat gutturem; that is, Lu. Neither did he drink hot wine to his dinner. Pa. Nor thou? Lu. As god shall help me, I neither drank, neither could I. Pa. What then? Lu. I supped it; For it was so hot it burnt my throat. What can [Page] be more plain then this?

Again the same Authour in another comedy brings forth Labrax speaking to Neptune in these words: La. Edepol, Neptune, es balneator frigidus, Cum vestimentis posteaquam abs te abii algeo. Nec Thermopolium quidem ullum ille instruit, Ità salsā praebet potionem & frigidam: that is, La. Truly, Neptune, thou art a cold bath-keeper, Since I came from thee I freeze in my clothes. Neither doth he keep any hotwater-shop, He gives us so salt and cold a potion. The like sayings be many in Plautus which for brevity sake I omit.

Horace also when he writes [Page] to Telephus, in his third book of his Odes hath this saying,

Quo chium pretio cadum

Mercemur: quis aquam temperet ignibus:

For Chian wine what men exact:

Who'll our water to warmth redact.

And Juvenal in his fifth Satyr hath this saying,

— Quando ad te pervenit ille,

Quando vocatus adest calidae gelidaeque minister.

When will anon anon Sir come,

For hot and cold to have custome.

Likewise Martial, in his verses he made to Sextilianus the great drinker, saith thus, [Page]

Jam defecisset portantes caldae ministros,

Si non potares, Sextiliane, merum.

They had lackt hot water by this time,

Had not Sextilian drunk wine.

And in his second book of Epigrams these be his words:

Te conviva leget mixto quincunce, sed antè

Incipiat positus quàm tepuisse calix:

The tosse pot will thee reade but that must be

Onely untill his hot cup cool'd he see.

And in his 8. book against Caecilianus, these be his words: [Page]

Curre agè & illotos revoca, Caliste, ministros,

Sternantur lecti, Caeciliane, sede.

Caldam poscis aquam, sed nondum frigida venit:

Alg [...]t adhuc nudo clausa culina foco.

Runne, call thy unwash't servants, sit

Your couches, Caecilian sit.

Thou call'st, No hot water within?

Nor cold yet in our cold kitchin.

And in his last book, these be his words:

Frigida non desit, non deerit calda petenti;

Sed tu morosa ludere parce siti.

[Page]

Ye want not cold nor shall ye hot;

But spare to please your dainty throat.

By these authorities I hope I have made it plain, that it was used many hundred years amongst the Romanes. For if we consider the age that Plautus lived in, which was some five hundred and seventy years after the building of Rome; and the poysoning of Britannicus in Nero's time, you shall find it to be 808. years after Rome was built: and Martial lived under Domitianus, 835. years after Rome was built, which was more then 300. years. Neither did Plautus [Page] write it as new devise, but as a thing long before in use.

Now to the other point, That it is used at this day amongst whole nations, I will prove by Grovani Petro Maffei the Jesuite, who in his 6. book of histories writes that they of China do for the most part drink the strained liquour of an herb called Chi [...] hot. And Persino the Italia [...] writes, that he saw himself tres principes Grapponenses ▪ which came to kisse Pope Gregorie the thirteenth foot (and it is but a littl [...] while since) who drank nothing but hot water, affirming it to be the custom of their countrey.

[Page] Thus have I according to my promise handled severally all the points promised in the beginning: if not to thy satisfaction, impute that to my want of reading, not to the truth of the cause, which divers times is overthrown with ill handling.

FINIS.

Information about this book

Title statement

Warm beere, or, A treatise wherein is declared by many reasons that beere so qualified is farre more wholsome then that which is drunke cold with a confutation of such objections that are made against it, published for the preservation of health.

Edition statement

1641

Publication

Publisher

Text Creation Partnership,

Place of publication

Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :

Date

2005-12 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A66391

ID [STC]

Wing W27

ID [STC]

ESTC R5363

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

12635242

ID [OCLC]

ocm 12635242

ID [VID]

64854

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Early English books online.

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(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A66391)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 64854)

Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 337:23)

Source

— Warm beere, or, A treatise wherein is declared by many reasons that beere so qualified is farre more wholsome then that which is drunke cold with a confutation of such objections that are made against it, published for the preservation of health., F. W..

Extent

[22], 143 p.

Printed by R.D. for Henry Overton, and are to be sold at his shop ...,. Cambridge :: 1641.. (Editor's preface signed: F.W.) (Reproduction of original in Bodleian Library.)

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