The papacy of Paul the Fourth, or, The restitution of abby lands and impropriations an indispensable condition of reconciliation to the infallible see, &c. — Historia del Concilio tridentino. English. Selections

The papacy of Paul the Fourth, or, The restitution of abby lands and impropriations an indispensable condition of reconciliation to the infallible see, &c. — Historia del Concilio tridentino. English. Selections

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Title page

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY. The Publiſher, to my Lord Viſcount Mountague.

THE EPISLE to the READER.

THE PAPACY OF PAUL The FOURTH.

THE PAPACY OF PAUL The FOURTH.

[Page]

IN the Year of our Lord One thouſand five hundred fifty and five Marcellus Cervinus was Created Pope, and retained his Name; but, having ſate no more than twenty two daies, died: The Cardinals being aſſembled again in the Conclave, he of Ausburg, aſſiſted by Morone, made great inſtance, that among the Capitulations which the Cardinals were to ſwear to, one ſhould be, that the future Pope ſhould, by Counſel of the Colledg, call another Synod within two years, to finiſh the Reformation begun, to determine the Controverſies of Religion that remained, and to find a means to cauſe the Councel of Trent to be received in Germany. And the Colledg of the Cardinals being full, it was capitulated [Page] that the Pope ſhould not Create more than four within two years. The three and twentieth day of the next moneth. John Peter Caraffa, who called himſelf Paulus Quartus, was Created.

He took it for a great glory, that the three Engliſh Ambaſſadors, diſpatched in the time of Julius, entred Rome the firſt day of his Papacy: and the firſt Conſiſtory after the Coronation was publick. The Ambaſſadors were brought into it, who, proſtrating themſelves at the Popes feet, did in the name of the Kingdom, acknowledg the faults committed; relating them all in particular, (for ſo the Pope would have it) confeſsing they had been ungrateful for ſo many benefits received from the Church, and humbly craving pardon for it. The Pope did pardon them, took them up from the ground, and embraced them: and, to honour their Majeſties who ſent them, gave the title of a Kingdom to Ireland, granting them this Dignity by the Authority which the Pope hath from God, being placed over ☜ all Kingdoms, to ſupplant thoſe that are Contumacious, and to build new. But it did not then ſeem a fit time to ſay; he had power from God to build up, and overthrow Kingdoms.

Henry the Eighth, after his ſeparation from the Pope, made Ireland a Kingdom, and called himſelf King of England, France and Ireland; which Title continued by Edward, was aſſumed by Mary and her Husband. The Pope ſo ſoon as he was Created, entred into a reſolution, that the Title of Ireland ſhould not be uſed by thoſe Princes, affirming conſtantly that it belonged only to him, to give ☜ the name of a King. But it ſeemed hard to induce England to quit that which two Kings had uſed, and the Queen, not thinking much of it, had continued. Therefore he [Page] found a temper; that is, to diſsemble the knowledg of what Henry had done, and himſelf to erect the Iſland into a Kingdom, that ſo the World might believe that the Queen had uſed the Titles as given by the Pope, not as decreed by her Father. And the Popes have often given that which they could not take from the Poſſeſſors; and, to avoid contentions, ſome have received their own goods as gifts, and ſome have diſſembled the knowledg of the gift, or of the pretence of the giver.

In the private diſcourſes between the Pope and the Ambaſſadors, he found fault that the Church was not wholly reſtored, ☜ ſaying, that by no means it was to be tolerated, and that it was neceſſary to render all, even to a farthing; becauſe the things that belong to God can never be applied to humane uſes, and he that with-holdeth the leaſt part of them ☜ is in continual ſtate of damnation. That if he had power to grant them, he would do it moſt readily, for his Fatherly affection that he beareth to them, and for the experience he had of their filial Obedience, but his authority was not ſo large, as that he might prophane the things dedicated to God, and let England be aſsured that this would be an Anathema, and a Contagion, which, by the juſt revenge of God, would hold the Kingdom of England in perpetual infelicity. He charged the Ambaſſa [...]ors to write thereof immediately, and was not content to ſpeak of it once, but repeated it as often as there was occaſion. He ſaid alſo plainly, that ☜ the Peter Pence ought to be paid, as ſoon as might be, & that, according to the cuſtom, he would ſend a Collector for that purpoſe; that himſelf had exerciſed that Charge three years, having been ſent into England for that end, wherein he was much edified, by ſeeing the forwardneſs of the people to contribute, eſpecially thoſe of the meane [...] ſort; and told them [Page] often that they could not hope that Saint Peter would open Heaven unto them, ſo long as they uſurped his goods upon Earth. This relation made unto the Queen, with many other Treaties continued ſucceſsively from Rome, cauſed her to employ all her Spirits herein; but nothing could be done, becauſe many of the Nobility, and of the Grandies had incorporated many of theſe revenues into their houſes. For her ſelf ſhe reſtored the tenths, and all other Eccleſiaſtical goods annexed to the Crown by her Brother and her Father. The Ambaſſadors parted from Rome, with much praiſe and favour from the Pope, for their ſubmiſsion; a means by which his good will is eaſily gained.

In the mean ſpace the Diet of Germany was proſecuted, not without contentions; which would have been greater, if Cardinal Morone had remained there, as well for the negotiations he would have made, as for the ſuſpitions conceived by the Proteſtants, that he was ſent only to oppoſe their Commodities. And it was already publiſhed every where that Rome was full of hope, that Germany would quickly come under the Yoke, as England had done. After the Cardinals departure, the firſt difficulty was; whether the points of Religion ſhould be diſcuſſed firſt of all; which, though the Eccleſiaſticks did contradict in the beginning, yet it was finally reſolved by common conſent to begin there. Wherein there were two contrary Propoſitions; one to treat of the means to reform it, the other to leave every one to his liberty: about which Point there was very great Controverſy. But in the end all inclined to the ſecond Propoſition, not knowing how to root out the evil which did ſtill move, only hoping that when the humours were quiet, and the differences and [Page] ſuſpitions removed, many eaſy and commodious waies might be found out. For this, it was neceſſary to eſtabliſh a Peace, that for cauſe of Religion there might be no more War, and that it might be lawful for all the Princes and States of the Empire to follow and cauſe to be obſerved in their Dominions what Religion pleaſed them beſt. And the five and twentieth day of September the Receſs was made, that a General or National Council (neither of which could be aſſembled in regard of many difficulties) being neceſſary to determine lawfully the Cauſes of Religion, until a way might be opened to a friendly agreement throughout all Germany, the Emperor Ferdinand, the Catholick Princes and States ſhould not force the Princes, Orders and States of the Augustan Confeſsion to forſake their Religion and Ceremonies already inſtituted, or to be inſtituted in their Dominions, not ſhould do any thing in contempt thereof, nor hinder them in the free uſe of that Religion: and thoſe of the Auguſtan Confeſsion ought to behave themſelves in the ſame ſort towards Caeſar, Ferdinand, and the other Princes and States of the old Religion as well Eccleſiaſtical as Secular, every one having power to eſtabliſh in his own State what Religion he will, and to forbid the other. And if any Eccleſiaſtick ſhall abandon the old Religion, it ſhall be no infamy unto him, but the ſhall preſently loſe his Benefices, which ſhall be conferred upon others by the Patron; and the Benefices, which the Proteſtants have already annexed to Schools and Miniſtries of the Church ſhall remain in the ſame State. That Eccleſiaſtical juriſdiction ſhall be exerciſed no more againſt thoſe of the Auguſtan Confeſsion; but otherwiſe ſhall be exerciſed according to the ancient Cuſtom.

[Page] Pope, Paul, underſtanding of this Receſs of Ausburg, was exceeding angry; He complained thereof to the Emperors Ambaſſador, and to the Cardinal of Ausburg, reprehending Ferdinand for ſuffering a Treaty in matters of Religion, without the knowledg of the Apoſtolick ☜ See, and threatning that in due time he would make the Emperor and that King know, to their grief, how they have offended him: he exhorted them to prevent it, by revoking and diſallowing the things granted, that he might have no occaſion to proceed, as he meant to do, not only againſt the Lutherans, but even againſt them alſo as Abettors: offering to aſſiſt them, in caſe they ſhould do it by authority and arms; and to command all Chriſtian Princes, upon pains and cenſures, to aid them with all their Forces. He was not ſatisfied with the Ambaſſadors anſwer, who alledged the ſtrength of the Proteſtants, the War againſt Ceſar, in which he was like to be Priſoner in Iſpru [...], and the Oaths taken. For ☜ the Oaths he anſwered, that he freed and abſolved them, yea, commanded not to obſerve them. To the reſt he ſaid, that in God's Cauſe one muſt not proceed according to humane reſpects. That the Emperor was in danger, by God's permiſſion, becauſe he did not what he could and ought to do, to reduce Germany to the obedience of the Apoſtolick See: that this is but a token of God's anger, and that he muſt expect greater puniſhment, if he take not warning by it: but carrying himſelf as a Souldier of Chriſt undauntedly, and without worldly reſpects, he ſhall obtain all manner of Victory, as the examples of the times paſt do demonſtrate.

Paul, being of an high ſpirit, and vaſt thoughts, did [Page] aſſure himſelf that he could redreſs all the diſorders, by his Papal Authority only, nor had need of any Prince herein. Therefore he never ſpake with Ambaſſadors, but he thundred in their ears, that he was above all Princes, that he would not that any of them ſhould be, too domeſtical ☜ with him, that he could change Kingdoms, that he was Succeſſor of him who hath depoſed Kings and Emperors, and did often repeat, for a beginning of authority exerciſed by him, that he had made Ireland a Kingdom, and went on ſo far, that in Conſiſtory, and at his Table publickly, in the preſence of many, he ſaid he would not ☜ have any Prince for his Companion, but all Subjects under his foot, (ſo he ſaid, ſtriking it againſt the ground) as it is fit, and as it is his will who hath built the Church, and hath placed them in this degree. And ſometimes he would ſay, that rather than he would do any thing baſely, he would die, overthrow all, and ſet the whole World on fire.

Paul the Fourth was naturally of a lofty mind and courage, and truſted much in his knowledg and good fortune, which did accompany him in all his actions: whereunto the power and fortune of the Papacy being added, he thought every thing was eaſy. But two humours did flote in him by turns; one, which by cuſtom to make uſe of Religion in all his attempts, did induce him to employ his Spiritual Authority. The other was put into him by Charles Caraffa his Nephew, who, being valiant, and exerciſed in War, made Cardinal of a Souldier, did retain his martial Spirits, and perſwaded him to uſe his temporal power, ſaying, that the one without the other is deſpiſed, but being joyned, are inſtruments of great matters. The circumſpect old man knew well that the Spiritual is made weaker, when it [Page] is manifeſted that there is need of the Temporal. But being ever intent to make his name great, ſometimes he gave ear to his Nephew, and ſometimes he believed himſelf more. In the end he concluded to uſe the Temporal ſecretly, and the Spiritual openly, that, proceeding in this, he might add or omit the other, as he ſhould be adviſed by events. Therefore he treated moſt ſecretly by his Nephew, with the Cardinal of Loraine, a League with the French King, which being almoſt made, Loraine parted from Rome to take away ſuſpition, and the Cardinal Torrnon went thither, with whom it was concluded with the ſame ſecrecy. The principal Capitulation whereof was, the gaining of the Kingdom of Naples for a younger Son of the King, with great enlargement of the bounds of the Eccleſiaſtical ſtate.

The Pope alſo, that he might have a prop to lean on in both courſes, thought it neceſſary to make a promotion of Cardinals, dependents on himſelf, men of courage, who would not be afraid to proſecute his deſigns, and employ themſelves in any hard enterpriſe. He began to ſpeak of this promotion but a few daies before he made it; which grieved the Cardinals, for that he would contradict the Capitulation which he had ſworn. The twentieth of December, the Pope, being entred into the Conſiſtory, ſaid, ſo ſoon as he ſate down, that he would not give audience to any that day, becauſe he had greater matters to propoſe. Every one underſtanding by this, that his meaning was to create new Cardinals, the Cardinal of St. James went to his Seat to ſpeak with him; and the Pope refuſing, and the Cardinal not deſi [...]ting, he ſet his hand on his breaſt, and [Page] thruſt him from him. All being ſate, the Pope began to complain of thoſe who reported he could make but four Cardinals, in regard of that which he had ſworn in the Conclave, and ſaid, that this was to bind the Popes authority, which is abſolute; that it is an Article of Faith ☜ that the Pope cannot be bound, and much leſs can bind himſelf; that to ſay otherwiſe was manifeſt hereſie; from the guilt whereof he did abſolve thoſe that were faulty, becauſe he thought they did not ſpeak obſtinately: but hereafter if any ſhall ſay the ſame, or the like, againſt the authority given him by God, he will give order that the Inquiſition ſhall proceed. He added that he would make Cardinals, and would not have any contradiction, becauſe he wanted perſons for employment, which he could not put upon them, becauſe every one had his proper faction: that it was fit to promote men of Learning, and of Exemplary life, to employ them for reformation of the Church, eſpecially in the Council, whereof it was high time to treat ſeriouſly▪ which he would propoſe with the firſt occaſion. But now he would name unto them the perſons to be promoted to the Cardinality, that they, having a conſultive voice, might put to his conſideration what was for the good of the Church, wherein they ſhould be heard, and that they ſhould not believe they had a deciſive voice, becauſe that belonged only to him. He propoſed ſeven perſons, in which number only one was his Kinſman, and another of the Theatine Congregation: the others were men of much fame either for Learning, or for the negotiations of the Court. The Cardinals were created the next Sunday before the League was concluded with France, which was the 15th. of that moneth.

[Page] At this time Cardinal Poole (who, for many reſpects of ſucceſſion, and to ſhew he was not ſo obliged to the Papacy, would not receive Eccleſiaſtical Orders; theſe cauſes being ceaſed) went out of the number of the Deacon Cardinals, and was ordained Prieſt: and four moneths after, the Arch-Biſhop of Canterbury being burnt, having been firſt degraded with many Ceremonies, he was put into his place.

The people of Au [...]tria, in regard of the Receſs made in the Diet, and of Ferdinand's declaration, entred into hope that themſelves alſo might retain liberty of Religion. Therefore he having called a Diet of his Subjects, to have a contribution againſt the Turks, who made War againſt him, they demanded permiſſion to live in purity of Religion, and to enjoy the benefit which was granted to the Confeſsioniſts, and that they might not be in verſe eſtate than other Germans, and that Miniſters of the Church might teach and diſtribute the Sacraments according to the Evangelical and Apoſtolical Doctrine.

Ferdinand anſwered, that he could not grant their demand, not for want of will to gratifie them, but becauſe he was bound to obey the Church, but to yield to their deſires as much as he could, he was content to ſuſp [...]nd that part of the Edict which concerneth the Communion of the Cup, yet with condition that they ſhould change nothing in the Rites and Ceremonies of the Church, until the Decree of the future Diet. And they, deſiring nothing elſe, were content to contribute readily againſt the Enemy.

The Bavarians alſo deſired of their Duke liberty of Religion, demanding a free preaching of the Goſpel, marriage[Page]of Prieſts, the Communion in both kinds, and to eat fleſh every day, proteſting that otherwiſe they would not pay the heavy Subſidies and Contributions againſt the Turks. The Duke ſeeing that Ferdinand had granted his people the Communion of the Cup, did likwiſe grant them that Communion, and leave to eat fleſh, if there were neceſſity, on Faſting daies, until the cauſes of Religion were compoſed by Publick Authority.

But the Pope having laid the foundations before rehearſed, applying himſelf to Spiritual matters, thought it neceſſary to gain Credit with the World; which could not be done, if it did not appear by deeds, not by words only, that the Court of Rome was reformed. Therefore, being wholly bent to this, in the end of January, 1556. he erected a Congregation, to which he committed the diſcuſſion of all the doubts in matter of Simony; which he Printed, and ſent Copies of them to all Princes, and ſaid, he had publiſhed them, that they might come to the knowledg of the Ʋniverſities, of general Studies, and of every Learned man, that all might have occaſion to make known their opinions, which he would not openly deſire, becauſe it was not honourable for that See, which is Miſtreſs of all, to go about and beg them. He ſaid, that for himſelf he had no need of the inſtruction of any, becauſe he knew what Chriſt did command, but that he had erected the Congregation that, in a matter wherein all are intereſted, it might not be ſaid that he had proceeded of his own head. He added, that having purged himſelf and his Court, it could not be ſaid to him, Phyſitian cure thy ſelf: And that he would make Princes know, that there is greater Simony in their Courts, which he would take away, being Superior to Princes as well as Prelates.

[Page] Some told him that it was neceſſary to handle ſuch a thing in a General Council, which he heard with great indignation, and ſaid, he had no need of a Council, himſelf being above all. And Cardinal Bellai ſaying that a Council was neceſſary, not to add authority to the Pope, but to find a means for Execution, which cannot be uniform in all places; he concluded, that if a Council were neceſſa [...]y, it ſhould be held in Rome, and that it was not needful to go elſe-where; and that he never conſented that the Council ſhould be held in T [...], becauſe it was in the midd'ſt of the Lutherans, that the Council is to conſiſt of Biſhops only; that other perſons might be admitted for Counſel, yet only Catholicks, ☜ otherwiſe the Turks alſo ought to be admitted: That it was a great vanity to ſend into the Mountains ſixty Biſhops of the leaſt able, and fourty Doctors of the moſt inſufficient, as was twice done already; and to believe, that by thoſe the World could be better regulated than by the Vicar of Chriſt, with the Colledg of all the Cardinals, who are the Pillars of all Chriſtendom, Elected for the moſt Excellent of all Chriſtian Nations, and by the Counſel of the Prelates and Doctors which are in Rome, who are the moſt Learned perſons in the World, and more in number than, by any diligence, can be brought to Trent.

But when news came to Rome of the grant of the Cup, made by the Duke of Bavaria to his Subjects, he entred into a great rage againſt him: and he put this among other things, for which he deſigned to make proviſion at once, being full of hope that every thing would be eaſy unto him, if the Court were reformed, and was not troubled, though he ſaw the number of [Page] abuſes to encreaſe. For a few daies after the Ambaſſador of Polonia, coming expreſly to congratulate his Holineſs for his aſſumption to the Popedom, made five demands in the name of the King and Kingdom, viz. To Celebrate the Maſs in the Polonian Tongue. To uſe the Communion in both kinds. The Marriage of Prieſts. That the payment of Annates might be taken away. And that they might call a National Council to reform the proper abuſes of the Kingdom, and to reconcile the variety of opinions. He heard theſe demands with unſpeakable impatience, and ſet himſelf to deteſt them moſt bitterly, ſpeaking againſt them one after another, with infinite vehemence. And for concluſion he ſaid, that a General Council in Rome would cauſe the hereſies and bad opinions of many to be known, alluding to what was done in Germany, Auſtria, and Bavaria. And being for theſe reaſons almoſt reſolute in himſelf, (or at leaſt willing to ſeem ſo) that it was neceſſary to call a Council, he told all the Ambaſſadors, that they ſhould ſignifie to their Princes his purpoſe to make a Lateran Council, like unto that which is ſo famous. And he ſent Nuncii to the Emperor and the French King, to exhort them to Peace, though in France he had a more ſecret negotiation. He gave commiſſion alſo to treat with them of the Council, and ſaid in the Conſiſtory, that it was neceſſary to Celebrate it quickly, ſeeing that beſides Bohemia, Pruſsia and Germany, which were much infected; Polonia alſo was in danger. That in France and Spain they were well affected in Religion, but the Clergy were badly uſed. That which he principally reprehended in France, was the exaction of the Tenths, which the King made the Clergy ordinarily [Page] pay. But he was more incited againſt Spain. For Paul the Third, and J [...]lius, having granted the Emperor Charles the halt and quarter Fruits, for a Subſidy of the War of Germany, and he having revoked the grant, becauſe he was not ſatisfied with the Receſs of Ausburg, yet they perſevered in Spain, and forced the Clergy to pay by Sequeſtrations and impriſonments.

He did not forbear to ſay that the Emperor was an Heretick; that in the beginning he favoured the innovators of Germain, to depreſs that holy See, and to make himſelf Lord of Rome, and of all Italy; that he held Paul the Third in perpetual trouble, and that he ſhould not do the like to him. He added, that although he might remedy all theſe inconveniences by his own Authority, yet, not to lay ſo great a burden upon himſelf alone, he would not do it without a Council; that he had called it in Rome, and named it the Lateran; that he had given commiſſion to ſignifie it to the Emperor and French King in courteſie, but not to have their conſent or Counſel, becauſe his will was they ſhould obey: That he was aſſured it would pleaſe neither of them, becauſe it is not for their purpoſe, living as they do, and that they will ſay many things againſt it, to diſturb it. But he will call it whether they will or no, and make known what that See can do, when it hath a Pope of Courage. The 26th of May, the Anniverſary of his Coronation, all the Cardinals and Ambaſſadors dining with him, according to cuſtom, he began after dinner to diſcourſe of the Council, and that his reſolution was to celebrate it by all means in Rome, and that, in Courteſie, he gave notice thereof to the Princes, and that the high-waies may be made ſecure for the Prelates. But if no Prelates [Page] would come thither, yet he would hold it with thoſe only who are in Court, becauſe he well knew what Authority he had.

While the Pope was buſy about the Reformation, news came to Rome, that a Truce was concluded the 5th of February between the Emperor and French King, by the mediation of Cardinal Pool, who did interpoſe in the name of the Queen of England; which made the Pope amazed, and Cardinal Caraffa much more, it having been treated and concluded without them. The Pope was diſpleaſed principally for the loſs of reputation, and for the danger which it brought, if thoſe two Princes were joyned, at whoſe diſcretion he muſt needs ſtand. Yet the Pope, not loſing courage, made ſhew of joy for the Truce, but ſaid he was not fully ſatisfied with it, becauſe a Peace was neceſſary in regard of the Council, which he purpoſed to celebrate, which he was reſolved to treat; and, for that end, to ſend Legates to thoſe Princes, being aſſured to conclude it, becauſe he would employ his Authority: for he would not be hindred in the government of the Church, committed to him by Chriſt. To the Emperor he ſent Scipio Rebiba Cardinal of Piſa, and to the French King, Cardinal Caraffa his Nephew. This went with all ſpeed, and to the other, order was given to go ſlowly. Rebiba had inſtruction to exhort the Emperor to amend Germany, which was not done till then, becauſe none had proceeded aright in that enterpriſe. He knew the defects of his Predeceſſors, who, to ſtop the Reformation of the Court, did hinder the good progreſs of the Council. But contrarily he was reſolved to promote the Reformation, and to celebrate a Council [Page] in his own preſence, and to begin with this point; aſſuring himſelf, that when they ſhould ſee the abuſes taken away, for which they ſeparated themſelves from the Church, and remain contumacious ſtill, they will deſire, and run to receive the Decrees and Conſtitutions which the Council will make; where ſhall be reformed, not verbally, but really, the Head, Members, Clergie, Laity, Princes, and People. To do ſo good a work, a truce of five years is not ſufficient, becauſe there are no leſs ſuſpitions in Truces than in War; and one muſt be ever providing againſt the time when they end. That a perpetual Peace is neceſſary to remove all malice and ſuſpitions, that all may bend themſelves joyntly, without worldly reſpects, to that which concerneth the union, and reformation of the Church. He gave the like inſtructions to Caraffa, and was content it ſhould be publiſhed by giving out ſome Copies of it.

He gave his Nephew a large inſtruction to try the Kings mind, and, if he ſaw him reſolute to obſerve the Truce, to thunder into his ears the ſame leſſon of the Council: and to Rebiba he gave order to govern himſelf as he he ſhould receive advice from his Nephew. Caraffa carried to the King the Sword and Hat which the Pope had bleſſed on Chriſtmaſs-day at night, according to the cuſtom. Of the Peace he made no mention, but repreſented to the King, that howſoever the League was not violated by the Truce of five years, yet it was made of no force, to the great danger of his Unckle, and of his Family, and that they had already ſome taſte th [...]reof, by t [...]at which the Spaniards had done. He recomm [...]nded to him, in moſt effectual [Page] terms, Religion and the Papacy, to which his Predeceſſors gave ſingular protection, and the Pope himſelf and his Family, much devoted to his Majeſty. The King was not averſe, but remained doubtful, conſidering the Pope's age, who might die when he ſhould have moſt need of him. Caraffa perceived this, and found a remedy, promiſing that the Pope ſhould create ſo many Cardinals partial for France, and Enemies to Spain, that he ſhould ever have a Pope on his ſide. The Cardinals perſwaſions, and the promiſe of the Promotion, and the Abſolution from the Oath of the Truce, which he gave in the Popes name, together with the negotiation of th [...] Cardinal of Loraine, and his Brother, made the King reſolve to move War, though the Princes of the [...], and all the G [...]andies of the Court abhorred the infamy of breaking the Truce, and receiving Abſolution from the Oa [...]h. The concluſion being made, Caraffa recalled the Legate ſent to the Emperor, who was arrived at Ma [...]ri [...], and cauſed him to come into France, though he was but two daies journey diſtant from Caeſar: which made th [...] Emp [...]ror and the King his Son believe, that, in France, ſomething was concluded againſt them.

The Pope's diſtaſtes againſt the Emperor and his Son did daily encreaſe. He made a moſt ſevere pro [...]ſs againſt Aſcanius Colonna, and Marcus Antonius his So [...], for many offences which he pretended to be done [...] the Apoſtolick See, excommunicated them, and deprived them of all dignity and fee, with cenſures ag [...]ſt thoſe that gave them aſſiſtance or favour; and did confi [...]cate all their poſſeſſions within the ſtate of the Church, and gave them to the Count Montorius his Nephew, with the title of Duke of Pagliano. Marcus Antonius [Page] retiring into the Kingdom of Naples was received, and ſometimes made excurſions upon his own lands, which much provoked the Pope; who thinking his nods were commandments unto all, able to terrifie every one, he could not endure to be ſo little eſteemed at Naples, his Country, where he would have been thought to be Omnipotent. He thought in the beginning, by talking laviſhly of the Emperor, and of the King, to make them deſiſt from favouring the Colonneſi, and therefore ſpake very often diſgracefully of them, in the preſence of all ſorts of perſons, but moſt willingly when any Spaniſh Cardinal was preſent, and, at laſt, commanded it ſhould be written unto them.

None of theſe proofs taking effect, he proceeded farther, and the three and twentieth of July made the Fiſcal, and Silveſter Aldobrandinus, the Conſiſtorial Advocate, appear in the Conſiſtory, who declared, that his Holineſs having excommunicated and deprived Marcus Antonius Colonna, and prohibited, under the ſame cenſures, all ſorts of perſons to aſſiſt or favour him, and it being notorious that the Emperor, and King Philip his Son, had furniſhed him with horſe, foot, and money, they were fallen into the puniſhments of the ſame ſentence, ☜ and had loſt their Territories, which they held in Fee. Therefore they deſired that his Holineſs would proceed to a declaratory Sentence, and give order for Execution. The Pope anſwered, that he would adviſe upon it by the counſel of the Cardinals, and propoſed in Conſiſtory what was fit to be done in a caſe of ſo great importance. But the Conſiſtory being diſmiſſed without a reſolution, the Pope knew that either he muſt yield, or come to a War, from which being not averſe, advice came [Page] fitly to him from his Nephew, of what was concluded in France. So that the diſcourſes of Reformation and Councils were turned into parlies of Money, Souldiers, and Intelligences. The Pope armed the Citizens and Inhabitants of Rome, to the number of 5000. cauſed many of his Cities to be fortified, and put garriſons into them; and the French King ſent him, at his inſtance, 3000 Gaſcons by Sea, that he might ſubſiſt while the Royal Army was prepared.

In theſe negotiations the Pope impriſoned many Cardinals, Barons, and others, upon ſuſpition; as alſo the Ambaſſadors of Philip King of England, and the Emperors Poſt-maſter. And to the Duke of Alva, (who ſent to proteſt againſt him, for maintaining in Rome the fugitives of the Kingdom of Naples, for laying hands on, and keeping in Priſon publick perſons without reaſon, and for having opened the Kings Letters,) he ſent back this anſwer: That he was a free Prince, and Superior to all others, not bound to give any account, but to demand it of any wha [...]ſoever; that he might entertain any perſons, and open any letters which he thought to be written againſt the Church: that if Carallaſſo (Philip's Ambaſſador) had done the office of an Ambaſſador, nothing ſhould have been done againſt him; but having made Treaties, moved Seditions, plotted againſt the Prince to whom he was ſent, he had offended as a private man, and as ſuch he ſhould be puniſhed; that no danger ſhould make him be wanting to the Dignity of the Church, and defence of that See, referring all to God, by whom he was made Shepherd of the Flock of Chriſt. And the Pope ſtill continuing to make proviſion; the Duke of Alva ſent another proteſtation againſt him, that the King having endured ſo many injuries, [Page] knowing that the intention of his Holineſs was to diſpoſſeſs him of the Kingdom of Naples; and being aſſured that to this end he had made a League with his enemies; therefore, in regard his Holineſs did deſire War, he did denounce it againſt him, proteſting that the Calamities thereof could not be imputed to him, and laying the blame upon the Pope. The Pope mak [...]ng ſhew to deſire Peace, but anſwering only in general terms, to gain time, the Duke began to make War the fourth of September, and in the year, 1556 poſſeſſed himſelf of all Campania, holding it in the name of the next Pope, and came ſo near to Rome, that he put City in fear, and made them ſtrengthen and fortifie it. But the greatneſs of the City, and other reſpects and dangers, counſelled him, not aſſailing Rome, to undertake ſmaller enterpriſes.

It gave much matter of diſcourſe, that, this year Charles the Emperor parted from Flanders, and paſſed into Spain, to betake himſelf to a private life in a ſolitary place, ſo that they made a compariſon between a Prince trained up from his infancy in the negotiations and affairs of the World, who at the age of little more than fifty years, reſolved to quit the World, and only to ſerve God, changed from a mighty Prince, to a mean religious perſon; and one, who had formerly abandoned the Epiſcopal Charge, to retire into a Monaſtery, and now, being at the age of eighty years, and made Pope, did wholly addict himſelf to Pomp and Pride, and endeavoured to ſet all Europe on fire with War.

In the beginning of the year, 1557. the Duke of Guiſe paſſed into I [...]aly with his Army, in favour of the Pope, who, to obſerve the promiſe of his Nephew [Page] made to the French King, made a promotion of ten Cardinals; which not being according to the meaning and the end agreed on, neither for the number, nor quality of the perſons, his excuſe was, that he was ſo nearly conjoyned with his Majeſty, that his dependents would be as ſerviceable to the King as the French-men themſelves: and that he could not then make a greater promotion, ſeeing the number already arrived to 70. which would quickly be diminiſhed by removing ſome Rebels, which he meant of thoſe that were already in the Caſtle, and others againſt whom he had a deſign, as well for matter of State, as of Religion: for he was not ſo intent on the War, as to abandon the buſineſs of the Inquiſition, which he ſaid was the principal Secret and Myſtery of the Papacy. He had information againſt Cardinal Morone, that he held intelligence in Germany, and impriſoned him in the Caſtle, and the Biſhop of Modena as confederate with him.

He deprived alſo Cardinal Pool of his Legation of England, and cited him to appear in the Inquiſition at Rome, and created Cardinal William Peto Biſhop of Salisbury, and made him Legate in Pool's place. And although the King and Queen, teſtifying what ſervice he had done to the Catholick Faith, made earneſt interceſſion for him, yet the Pope would never remit one jot of his [...]igour. Cardinal Pool obe [...]ed, laying aſide the adminiſtration and ornaments of a Legate, but parted not out of England, alledging the Queens commandment that he ſhould not go. In England many were ſcandalized at it, and allienated from the Pope, and many in Rome thought it a calumny, invented to revenge himſelf for the Truce between the two [Page] Kings, treated by him without imparting it to him.

The Duke of Guiſe being come into Italy, made VVar in P [...]mont, with purpoſe to continue it in Lombardy, and ſo to divert the Arms taken up againſt the Pope: but the Pope's ardent deſire to aſſail the Kingdom of Naples did not permit him. The French-men knew the difficulties, and the Duke of Guiſe, with four principal Commanders, went to Rome by Poſt, to make the Pope underſtand what the reaſons of War did perſwade. In whoſe preſence all being conſulted on, and the Pope's reſolution not giving place to any other deliberation, it was neceſſary to yield unto him. Yet they did nothing but aſſault Civitella, a place ſituated at the entry into the Provinces of Abruzzo, where the Army had a repulſe. In ſumm, the Pope's Arms, as well his own as Auxiliary, were not much favoured by God: But in the midſt of Auguſt, the Army of the Duke of Alva approaching Rome, and the Pope underſtanding the ſurprize and ſack of Signea, the ſlaughter of many, and the danger in which Pagliano was, he related all in Conſiſtory, with many tears; adding, that he did undauntedly expect Martyrdom; the Cardinals marvelling that he ſhould paint out the Cauſe to them, who underſtood the truth, as if it had been of Chriſt, whereas it was profane, and proceeded from ambition, and that he ſhould ſay it was the principal Sinew, and myſtery of the Papacy.

VVhen the Pope's affairs were in greateſt ſtraits, the French King's Army had ſuch a great overthrow near S. Quintin, that he was forced to recall the Duke of Guiſe and his Forces, letting the Pope know his inevitable [Page] neceſſity; the Pope refuſed to let Guiſe return, whereupon there being a great conteſt between them, the Pope not able to keep him, bad him go, ſeeing he had done little Service to the King, leſs to the Church, and none at all to his own honour. In the end of the moneth, the Duke of Alva approached Rome, which he had taken but for want of courage. Finally, a compoſition was made the 14th of September between Alva and the Caraffi, the VVar being continued a whole year.

In the Capitulation the Pope would not have Colonna, nor any of his Subjects comprehended, nor any word inſerted to ſhew that he had offended in impriſoning the Emperors Miniſters, but maintained moſt conſtantly, that Alva ought to come to Rome to ask pardon, and receive Abſolution, ſaying plainly, that before he would loſe one jot of his due, he would ſee the whole World ruined: that the queſtion was not of his own, but of Chriſt's Honour.

VVith this condition, and the reſtitution of the Cities taken, the Controverſy was ended.

It was eſteemed a Prodigy, that the very day that the Peace was concluded, there was ſuch a great inundation of the River Tiber, that all the plain of Rome was drowned, and a great part of the fortifications of the Caſtle S. Angelo was overthrown.

The Duke of Alva went perſonally to Rome to ſubmit himſelf to the Pope, and receive Abſolution in the Kings name and his own. So it happened that the Conqueror bare the indignity, and he that was overcome, triumphed more than if he had been victorious. And it was no ſmall favour that the Pope received him with humanity, though he forbare not his uſual haughty ſtate.

[Page] The VVar was no ſooner ended, but new troubles came upon the Pope. For advice was ſent out of France, that the fifth of September at night, in Paris, about two hundred perſons were aſſembled in an houſe to celebrate the Communion; which being diſcovered by the common people, the houſe was aſſaulted, and ſome fled, but the women and weaker ſort were taken, of whom ſeven were burned, and the greater part of the others reſerved for the ſame puniſhment, to be inflicted when the Complices were found out. The S [...]es made interceſſion for theſe, and the King, in regard of his VVar with the King of Spain, having need of their aſſiſtance, gave order that the proceedings againſt them ſhould be moderate. The Pope was inſ [...]tely angry, and complained in Con [...]ſtory, and ſaid, it was no marvel if the affairs of that King did not ſucceed well, becauſe be more eſteemed the aſ [...]i [...]tance of Hereticks, than the favour of God. The Pope had forgotten that, in the time of his War, the Cardinals of the In [...]ui [...]tion complaining that the Proteſtant G [...]ſons, which were brought to his pay for the defence of Rome, uſed many ſcorns againſt the Churches and Images, his Holines did reprehend them, ſaying, they were Angels ſent by God, for the Cuſtody of the City, and of his perſon, and that he had a ſtrong hope that God would convert them. So men judge diverſly of their own intereſts, and of the facts of others. The Pope took occaſion hence to call to mind two Conſtitutions which the King had made the ſame year, which, he ſaid, were againſt the liberty of the Clergy, and therefore was reſolved they ſhould be abrogated. The one was publiſhed the firſt of March, that Marriages made by Sons before the age of thirty [Page] years complete, and of Daughters before twenty five, without conſent of the Father, or of him in whoſe power they are, ſhould be void. The other, the firſt of May, That all Biſhops and Curates ſhould reſide, upon pain of loſs of the Revenues, with an impoſition of an extraordinary Subſidy, beſides the ordinary Tenths, to pay five thouſand foot Souldiers. The Pope thought not of theſe things when the news came, becauſe he was then in War, and had need of the King: but this reaſon ceaſing, he complained that the King had medled even with the Sacraments, and unſupportably burdened the Clergy: He ſaid it was neceſſary to provide againſt theſe diſorders by a Council, which were greater than could be objected againſt the Clergy, that it was fit to begin the Reformation from hence: that the French Prelates durſt not ſpeak ſo long as they were in France, but being in a Council in Italy, free from fear of the King, their complaints would ſoon be heard.

Among theſe diſtaſtes the Pope received ſome joy, that the Colloquie begun in Germany, to compoſe the differences in Religion, (which troubled his Holineſs and the Court, as all Colloquies had done) was reſolved into nothing.

The Pope perceiving that, by the War paſt, he was deprived of the credit with which he thought to daunt the whole World, thought to regain it by an heroical action, and did the 26th of January, in Conſiſtory, deprive Cardinal Caraffa of the Legation of Bolonia, and of all government, and confined him to Civita Lavinia, and took from John Caraffa, the Cardinal's Brother, the command of the Army, exiling him to Galeſſi. He deprived the other Nephew of the government of [Page] Borgo, and baniſhed him to Monte-Bello, commanding that their Wives, Families and Children ſhould depart from Rome. He deprived alſo all thoſe of their Offices, to whom he had given them in contemplation of theſe. He inſtituted a new government in Rome, and in the State of the Church, giving the Charge of all buſineſſes to Camillus Orſinus, unto whom he joyned the Cardinals of Trani and Spoleto, affecting a fame of juſtice in theſe actions, and laying the blame of all the grievances which the people ſuffered upon the Nephews. Being thus disburdened of the Government, he applied himſelf wholly to the office of the Inquiſition, ſaying, it was the true Ram to beat down hereſie, and defend the Apoſtolick See. And, not regarding what did befit the time, he publiſhed a new Conſtitution, dated the 15th of February, which he made all the Cardinals ſubſcribe. In this he renewed every cenſure and puniſhment pronounced by his Predeceſſors, and every Statute of Canons, Councils and Fathers, in what time ſoever, publiſhed againſt Hereticks; ordaining, that thoſe that were diſuſed, ſhould be brought in uſe again. He declared, that all Prelates and Princes, even Kings and Emperors, fallen into hereſie, ſhould be, and ſhould be ☜ underſtood to be deprived of all their Benefices, States, Kingdoms, and Empires, without farther declaration, and uncapable to be reſtored to them, even by the Apoſtolick See: the their Good, States, Kingdoms, and Empire, ſhall be underſtood to be common, and to belong to thoſe Catholicks that can get them. This did miniſter much talk, and if it had not been preſently diſeſteemed by the World, it would have kindled a fire in all Chriſtendom.

Another accident made the World know that he had [Page] not moderated the haughtineſs of his mind. The Emperor Charles, in the year, 1556. by his Letters written to the Electors and Princes, did abſolutely give to Ferdinand all the adminiſtration of the Empire, without reſerving any thing to himſelf, commanding that he ſhould be obeyed by all. Afterwards he ſent William Prince of Orange, with two Colleagues, to the Diet in Germany, to transfer the Name, Title, Crown and Dignity upon Ferdinand, as if himſelf had been dead; which not ſeeming fit to the Electors, was deferred until the year, 1558. in which, the 4th of Feb. the day of the Nativity, Coronation, and other felicities of Charles, the Ceremonies of the reſignation being made by his Ambaſadors, in preſence of the Electors, Ferdinand was inſtalled with the uſual rites. The Pope hearing this, fell into an exceſſive rage. He pretended, that as the Pope's Confirmation doth make the Emperor, ſo the reſignation cannot be put into the hands of any but himſelf; in which caſe it belonged to him to make what Emperor he pleaſed; alledging, that the Electors have power granted them by the Popes's favour, to Elect the Emperour in place of him that is dead, but not in caſe of reſignation, in which it remaineth ſtill in the power of the Apoſtolick See; as alſo to the diſpoſition thereof, are annexed all dignities reſigned unto it. Therefore the reſignation of Charles is void, and the whole authority to chuſe an Emperour, is devolved to him, and was reſolved not to acknowledg the King of the Romans for Emperor.

Ferdinand ſent Martin Guſman his Ambaſſador to the Pope, to give him an account of his Brothers reſignation, and his own aſſumption, to teſtifie unto him the reverence he bare him, to promiſe him obedience, and to ſignifie to him that he would ſend a ſolemn Ambaſſage [Page] to treat of his Coronation. The Pope refuſed to hear him, and referred the diſcuſſion of the matter to the Cardinals: who related (for the Pope's will was they ſhould do ſo) that the Ambaſſador could not be admitted, before it did appear whether the reſignation of Charles were lawful, and the ſucceſſion of Ferdinand juſt. For he being Elected King of the Romans, and the Election confirmed by Clement, to ſucceed after the death of the Emperor, it was neceſſary the Empire ☜ ſhould be void by death. Beſides, there was a nullity in all the Acts of Francfort, as made by Heretick, who have [...] authority and power. Wherefore it was neceſſary that Ferdinand ſhould ſend a Proctor, and renounce whatſoever was done in that Diet, and beſeech the Pope, that he would graciouſly be pleaſed to make good the reſignation of Charles, and his Aſſumption to the Empire, by virtue of his plenary power, from whom he might expect all Paternal grace and favour. The Pope reſolved according to this counſel, and ſo declared himſelf to Guſman, giving him three moneths to put it in execution, beyond which time he would hear no more ſpeech of it, but himſelf would create a new Emperour. Neither was it poſſible to remove him, though King Philip, to favour his Unckle, ſent Francis Vargas expreſly, and after him John Figaroa, to entreat him. Ferdinand underſtanding this, gave order to Guſman, that, if within three daies after the receipt thereof he were not admitted by the Pope, he ſhould depart, and proteſt unto him, that Ferdinand, together with the Electors, would reſolve of that which ſhould be for the honour of the Empire. Guſman deſired audience again, which the Pope granted in private, not as to an Ambaſſador of the Emperor; and hearing [Page] him what he had in his inſtructions, and that which was wrote unto him from the Emperor, he anſwered, that the things conſidered by the Cardinals, were very important, and that he could not reſolve on them ſo ſoon; that he would ſend a Nuncio to the Imperial Majeſty of Charles the Fifth, and, in the mean while, if he had commiſſion from his Maſter to depart, he might do it, and proteſt what he thought fit. Therefore the Ambaſſador having made his proteſtation, departed. And although Charles died the ſame year the 21th of September, yet it was impoſſible to remove the Pope from this reſolution.

The Religion of England was much changed this year. The Queen died the 17th of November, and Cardinal Pool the ſame day; which ſtirred up many who were not ſatisfied with the former Government, to reſtore the Reformation of Edward, and to ſeparate themſelves wholly from the Spaniards: which they did the rather, becauſe King Philip, to hold a foot in England, had treated to marry Elizabeth, Siſter and Succeſſor of Mary, to Charles his Son: and when there was little hope of the life of Mary, had alſo caſt forth divers words, that he would take her for his own wife. But the new Queen being wiſe, (as ſhe ſhewed herſelf to be in all her Government) did firſt ſecure the Kingdom by Oath, that ſhe would not marry a ſtranger, and was Crowned by the Biſhop of Carliſle, an adherent to the Church of Rome, not making any open declaration what Doctrine ſhe would follow, deſigning, ſo ſoon as ſhe was ſetled in her Government, to eſtabliſh it by the Counſel of Parliament, and of Learned and Godly men, and to make a conſtant reformation of the [Page] State of Religion. Therefore ſhe exhorted the chief of the Nobility, who deſired a change, to proceed without tumult, aſſuring them that ſhe would not inforce any. She cauſed preſently an account to be given to the Pope of her Aſſumption, with Letters of Credence written to Edward Cerne, who was Ambaſſador to her Siſter, and was not departed from Rome.

☜ But the Pope proceeding according to his uſual rigour, anſwered, that England was held in Fee of the Apoſtolick See; that ſhe could not ſucceed, being illegitimate; that he could not contradict the declarations of Clement the Seventh, and Paul the Third, that it was a great boldneſs to aſſume the Name and Government without him; that, for this, ſhe deſerved not to be heard in any thing; yet, being deſirous to ſhew a Fatherly affection, if ſhe would renounce her pretenſions, and refer her ſelf wholly to his free diſpoſition, he will do whatſoever may be done with the honour of the Apoſtolick See.

But the new Queen underſtanding the Pope's anſwer, and wondering at the mans haſty diſpoſition, thought it not profitable, either for her, or the Kingdom, to treat any more with him. So that, the cauſe ceaſing, ſhe gave the Nobility leave to conſult what was fit to be done for the ſervice of God, and quiet of the Kingdom.

A Diſputation was held in Weſtminster, in preſence of all the States, between Learned men, choſen on both ſides, which began the laſt of March, and laſted until the thirtieth of April: and, a Parliament being aſſembled to this end, all the Edicts of Religion made by Mary were aboliſhed, thoſe of her Brother Edward [Page] reſtored, obedience taken away from the Pope, the title of the Head of the Church of England given to the Queen, the revenues of the Monaſteries confifcated, and aſſigned ſome to the Nobility, and ſome to the Crown, the images taken out of the Churches by the people, and the Roman Religion baniſhed.

Another accident happened alſo: For in the Diet of Ausburg, it appearing by the Acts of the Colloquie, the year before diſſolved without fruit, that there was no hope to do any good by that means, Ferdinand told them he would procure the General Council to be reſtored, exhorting all to ſubmit themſelves to the Decrees thereof, as being the way to remove differences. The Proteſtants anſwered, that they would conſent to a Council, called, not by the Pope, but by the Emperor, to be held in Germany, in which the Pope ſhould not preſide, but ſhould ſubmit himſelf to the judgment thereof, and releaſe the Biſhops and Divines of their Oath; in which alſo the Proteſtants ſhould have a deciding voice, and all ſhould be determined according to the holy Scriptures, and whatſoever was concluded in Trent, ſhould be re-examined: which, if it cannot be obtained of the Pope, yet the Peace of Religion ſhould be confirmed, according to the agreement of Paſſau, having known by too manifeſt experience, that no good can be drawn from any Popiſh Council. The Emperor knowing the difficulty to obtain of the Pope a grant of the things propoſed, and that now he had no means to negotiate with him, in regard of the Controverſy about the Reſignation of Charles, and his Succeſſion, he confirmed the accord [Page] of Paſſau, and the Receſſes of the Diets following.

The Pope having cut off all means to treat with the Emperor and Germany, knew not what to ſay to this. Yet he was more diſpleaſed with their diſcourſe concerning the Council, than with the liberty granted by the Receſs, being reſolute not to call any Council but in Rome, whatſoever ſhould happen.

In this reſpect another accident was as grievous as the former, that is, the Peace made at Cambray the third of April, between the Kings of France and Spain, which was well confirmed by the Marriages of the Daughter of Henry to the King of Spain, and of his Siſter to the Duke of Savoy. In which Peace, among other Capitulations, it was agreed, that both the Kings ſhould make a faithful promiſe to labour joyntly that the Council ſhould be Celebrated, the Church Reformed, and the differences of Religion Compoſed.

The Pope conſidered how goodly a ſhew the title of Reformation, and the name of a Council did make; that England was loſt, and all Germany alſo, partly by the Proteſtants, and partly by his difference with Ferdinand; that theſe two united Kings were much offended by him, the Spaniards by deeds and words, the French by words at the leaſt, and there remained none to whom he might have refuge. Theſe cogitations did ſo afflict the Old Pope, that he was unfit to rule. He could not hold the Conſiſtories ſo often as he was wont, and when he did hold them, he ſpent the moſt part of the time in ſpeaking of the Inquiſition, and exhorting the Cardinals [Page] to favour it, as being the only way to extinguiſh Hereſies.

But the two Kings did not agree to procure the Council for any ill will or intereſts, which either of them had againſt the Pope or Papacy, but to provide againſt the new Doctrines which did exceedingly encreaſe, being willingly heard, and received by all men of Conſcience: and, which was of more importance, the male-contented put themſelves on that ſide, and did daily, under pretence of Religion, make ſome Enterpriſes, as well in the Low-Countreys, as in France, in regard thoſe people did love their liberty, and had commerce with Germany, as bordering upon it. In the beginning of the troubles ſome ſeeds were ſown, which that they might not take root, the Emperor Charles the Fifth, in the Low-Countreys, and the French King in his Kingdom, made many Edicts, and commanded divers Executions. But after that the number of Proteſtants did encreaſe in Germany, and the Evangelicks did multiply among the Suiſses, and the ſeparation was made in England, by reaſon of the often Wars between the Emperour and French King, either Party was forced to call in Auxiliaries out of theſe three Nations, who publickly profeſſing and preaching the Reformed Religion in their quarters, by their example, and by other means, divers of the people became of their Religion. And although in the Low-Countreys, from the firſt Edict of Charles, until this time of the Peace, there were hanged, beheaded, buried alive, and burned [Page] to the number of fifty thouſand, and very many put to death in France, yet both places were then in worſe caſe than ever. This made the Kings to think joyntly of finding a remedy.

The Pope, as he was much diſcontented with the Progreſs of the new Doctrine in the States of both the Kings, ſo he was pleaſed that thoſe Princes did think of it; and moved them by his N [...]ii to do ſo ſtill. But he would not have any other means than that of the Inquiſition, which he thought the only remedy, as he ſaid upon all occaſions, judging that the Council would do as formerly it had done, that is, reduce all into a worſe ſtate.

While he was poſſeſſed with theſe cogitations, and weak of body, the King of France died the ſecond of July, by a wound in the eye, running at Tilt; for which he ſeemed very ſorrowful, and was ſo indeed. For although he ſuſpected, and with reaſon, the intelligence between the two Kings, yet he had ſtill hopes to ſeparate them. But the one being dead, he ſaw he was at the diſcretion of the other alone, whom he more feared, becauſe he was more offended by him, and was of a more cloſe nature, hard to be ſounded. He feared alſo, that in France a gate would be ſet wide open to let in Sects, which might be confirmed before the new King could get ſo much wiſdom and reputation, as was neceſſary to oppoſe ſo great difficulties. He lived ſome few daies, afflicted with theſe cogitations; but now laying aſide all hopes, which had until then kept him alive, he died the eighteenth of [Page] Auguſt, recommending to the Cardinals nothing but the Offic [...] of the Inquiſition, the only means, as he ſaid, to pr [...]ſerve the Church, exhorting all to employ all their endeavours to eſtabliſh it in Italy, and whereſoever elſe they could.

FINIS.

§

[Page]

[Page]

THE PAPACY OF Paul the Fourth. OR, THE RESTITUTION OF ABBY LANDS AND IMPROPRIATIONS, An indiſpenſable condition of Reconciliation to the Infallible SEE, &c.

LONDON, Printed for Richard Royſton, Bookſeller to His moſt Sacred Majeſty. 1673.

THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY.
The Publiſher, to my Lord Viſcount Mountague.

[Page]

[Page]

MY LORD,

I Once thought to have dedicated theſe papers, ſent me by a friend, to ſome of the moſt eminent of our Protestant Clergy: but I conſidered the Romane Church had carried their intereſt higher by much than any other, and therefore it muſt be ſingular Piety, an high Self-denial, and a ſincere love of God, that muſt ſecure their oppoſition to the growing greatneſs of Rome amongſt us. I therefore quitted that thought, and in the next place deſigned to addreſs my ſelf to ſome perſon of great Quality of the Protestant Religion: but then I conſidered that great [...]ffices, Favour and Interest with ſome great Men might be preferred to their concer [...]s in Abby-lands, and render them cooler than cur cauſe requires. My laſt refuge [Page] then was to caſt this ſmall thing into your Lordſhips Arms and Protection, a Noble man of a great and ancient Extraction, and therefore I hope not willing to exalt, more than needs, the dominion of the Prieſts.

Beſides, though your Religion be of the Romiſh Faith, yet your dependence is not on Offices and Preferments, nor can they countervail ſo great an Eſtate in Land; and you may be content to be ſaved in the private exerciſe of your own Religion, though the Protestant be uppermoſt, nay much better ſaved, than if the Church of Rome, returning triumphant, reduce you from an Eſtate in Land of ten thouſand pound per annum to a Leaſe from an Abby of two or three hundred pounds a year; which however it may exalt your Faith, muſt undoubtedly deſtroy your Charity.

What terms you are certainly to expect if England ever ſubmit its ſelf to the See of Rome, the Author out of whom theſe papers are extracted, a man of unqueſtioned Credit, and of your own Religion, will inform you; which your Lordſhip, of all other perſons, [Page] hath reaſon to believe, becauſe one of your Anceſtors was employed to Rome in the very Ambaſſy here mentioned, and you muſt needs have amongſt the papers of your Family (if they are extant) authentick proofs to confirm it,

Your LORDSHIPS moſt Humble Servant, I. S.

THE EPISLE to the READER.

[Page]

[Page]

Reader,

I Am abundantly ſatisfied that the ſtrenuous attempts aagainſt the Religion of Romane Catholicks, made by the zealous Aſsertors of the Proteſtant Cauſe, do amount to but little more than an Endeavour to fortify theſe two Objections:

Firſt, that it is, in not a few inſtances, manifeſtly different from, and repugnant to the Doctrine of our Saviour and his Apoſtles delivered in the New Teſtament.

Secondly, that it is highly prejudicial to the Secular intereſt, violates the due Liberty, and infringes the rights of Princes and their Subjects.

Now, how well they have quitted themſelves as to the former of theſe Charges, I leave thoſe to determine, who with an unbiaſſed and impartial mind, have oonverſt with their Writings: but as to the latter, thou wilt be ſufficiently enabled to paſs a true judgment concerning it, by putting thy ſelf to the ſmall pains of peruſing this ſhort Narrative.

From hence thou wilt as throughly underſtand what obligation lieth upon this Kingdom eſpecially, from the conſideration of its Civil intereſt, to return into the boſome of our Holy Mother, as thou wilt, from the Doughty defences of of her Sons againſt the Aſſaults of her troubleſome Adverſaries, what neceſſity our Conſciences, and the concerns of our Souls, do impoſe upon us to perſevere in our Separation. Thou wilt clearly perceive by theſe few leaves, how much Princes conſult the ſecurity of their Government, and advancement of their Soveraignty, and Subjects, the preſervation [Page] of their Eſtates and Fortunes, by their filial obedience, and entire ſubjection to the Apoſtolick See.

And that thou mayſt not have the leaſt ſuſpition concerning the truth of the following Narrative, I aſſure thee, I have moſt faithfully taken it from Father Paul, a perſon of unqueſtion'd integrity, and that lived and died in the Communion of the Romane Church: As thou mayſt be ſatisfied by comparing it with his relation of the Government of Pope Paul the Fourth, in his exact Hiſtory of the Council of Trent. For which, as the Chriſtian Church is highly obliged to him upon many other accounts, ſo particularly for the Life of this Zealous Pope, in which his extraordinary kindneſs for two things is more eſpecially remarkable, becauſe they ſeem to ſtand in no ſmall need of ſo Great an Authority to recommend them, viz. Perjury and an Inquiſition. Beſides that, we may learn from this Pope, how exceedingly convenient Infallibility is for the Catholick Church; when we ſee that it may ſometimes fall out, that a Pope may be but little better than a madman: In which caſe Infallibility muſt needs be a very great Security to the Catholick Faith.

E. A.

Information about this book

Title statement

The papacy of Paul the Fourth, or, The restitution of abby lands and impropriations an indispensable condition of reconciliation to the infallible see, &c.Historia del Concilio tridentino. English. Selections

Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623.

Edition statement

1673

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Text Creation Partnership,

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Date

2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A62185

ID [STC]

Wing S700

ID [STC]

ESTC R12447

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

12538322

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ocm 12538322

ID [VID]

62897

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(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A62185)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 62897)

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Source

— The papacy of Paul the Fourth, or, The restitution of abby lands and impropriations an indispensable condition of reconciliation to the infallible see, &c., Historia del Concilio tridentino. English. Selections, Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623., E. A..

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[8], 35 p.

Printed for Richard Royston ...,. London :: 1673.. ("The epistle to the reader" signed: E.A.) (Reproduction of original in British Library.)

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