CHAP. I. Of Thirst Deprav'd.

1. WE therefore assign the first place among Natural Functions to Thirst, because the first Natural Passion of Man newly bor [...] is to Thirst, and by sucking Milk out of the Breast asswages his Thirst.

2. This Thirst is vitiated chiefly, when it is either augmented or depraved; for seldom is it lessened or taken away with loss to Man; neither can we believe that Thirst, or its Cause, is truly taken away in certain raving People, with driness of Mouth, and burning heat of Body, because they are insensible and do not observ it.

3. I take Thirst augmented to be deduced for the most part from too sharp Choler, carried down in­to the small Gut, and there so raising an effer­vescency with the Juice of the Pancreas, (or Sweet-Breads▪ flowing thither, that thence are elevated Salt Vapors, but not bitter to the Ventricle (or Scomach) and Gullet, and there produce a sense of Drought.

4. This Choler being too sharp, or its Salt Vapors, if they pierce through the Lacteal Vessels to the Heart, (the like may be said of the same Choler carried thither by its passage through the Liver) and infect the Blood too much with its salt­ness, nothing hinders but that the Spittle then should turn more or less salt or sharp, which will less temper Thirst, and rather augment it.

5. Another cause also of Thirst augmented, is, a Salt Humor distilling from the Head to the Gul­let and there producing a perceivance of Drought and Thirst▪ and then either falling thence also down to the Ven [...]icle, or drawing forth Matter for Salt Vapours in the small Gut, by which in like manner a greater Thirst is stirred up.

6. Besides the now-re [...]ited Internal Causes, more External Causes of augmented Thirst may [...]car [...] And 1. indeed the Aer heated by the Fire or S [...]. [...]. Food salted, or aromatically sharp and dry.

7. In like manner the Exercise of Body, and vehement motion do encrease Thirst; and among the Passions of the Mind, Anger chiefly, or a great terror, and also prolong'd Watches; and the Body both too costive, and too loose; much Sweating▪ Ʋrine voided plentifully; a notable evacuation of Blood, Milk, or Seed, &c.

8. And in like manner as the Lixivial Salt ei­ther abounding or too sharp in Choler, augmm [...]nts Thirst; so the other parts in Choler being vitiated, seem to deprave it; which seeing it may be mani­fold, both on the account of the manifold parts of which Choler is composed, wherein every one may be faulty; it is difficult exactly and distinct­ly to prosecute, and accurately to describe every one of those Kinds, and the causes of its depra­vedness.

9. Add that both the Juice of the Panereas, and Phlegm of the Guts can not a little deprave Thirst, by waxing vitiously fervent with Choler, by a vi­tiousness peculiar to it self.

10. The Cause of depraved Thirst can be at­tributed to none particularly of the six non-natu­ral Things, so called, yet to a vitious effect, of more things concurring tog [...]ther with them, by us as yet not to be explain'd.

11. Thirst augmented is Cured, chiesly with wa­try Liquors, which dilute the lixiviat Salt of Cho­ler, and deduce it to the Bladder; and with sowr things, which potently destroy and change its Acrimony; and with Oily Liquors, asswaging its sharpness, as Milk and Emulsions prepar'd of o [...] ­ly Seeds.

12. So Watry, Acid, (or Sowr) and oily [...] ­quors [Page 6]may fitly be om d [...] and then they will effect more. For Example sake take this follow­ing Form;

℞. Barley-water, ℥ xxx. Flowers of R [...]d Roses ℥ ss. Spicit of Vitrol▪ what suffices to make a gratefu s we taste; Let hese stand in warm Water of and for three hours, or till the Water be reddish, called, Tinc [...]ur, of R [...]ses; to which when strain'd, add Syrup of J [...]jubs ℥ iii. M. and let it be a most grateful Julep.

13. If any cannot take Acids, let him use this following;

℞. Barley-water ℥ xx. Cinamon-water ℥ i. Sy­rup of Violets ℥ ii. ss Lapis Prunellae, or Ni­tre [...]urified by Solution and Coagulation ʒ i. M.

14. The party thirsting may use either of these Juleps by spaces, taking [...]a moderate Draught thereof, till Thirst be restrain'd.

15. If a milky Emulsion do please better, take this following Form;

℞. Barl [...]y clears [...]d and boiled till it burst ℥ i. Sweet Alm [...]nds cleansed ʒ ii. with Barl [...]y-water make an Emu [...]si [...]n to ℥ xii. adding Julep of Roses ℥ i. M.

16. To make this Emulsion more grateful, and to str [...]ngthe [...] the Sick and W [...]k add s [...]me Ci­na [...]-water; or to discuss W [...], a little Fe­nel-water, and use it by turns.

17. But where Rest cannot be obtain'd, and is d [...], [...] t [...] [...] of White-Poppy Se [...]ds, with the other things, [...]d make an Emul­si [...] of these; so two things are done by one la­ [...]our.

18. Sometimes to deceive Thirst, especially where the Sick are not pleas'd with much Water, some of the aforesaid Lapis Prunellae, or Niter pu­rified may be kept in the Mouth; in which case also, grateful Pellets of Sugar, and Juice of Citrons or Barberies are proper.

19. Mutton or Veal-Broth also asswage Thirst, being boiled with much Water and without Salt.

20. As often as a Salt Catarrh, or the like Spit­tle is the cause of Thirst augmented; so often ad­minister such Physick for it, as will temperate that saltness by Pills of Hounds-Tongue, and such like; and then if Salt serous Matter abound in the Blood, purge it by Stool or Ʋrine; of which here­after.

21. Depraved Thirst is cured, by those things which correct the Constitution of Vitious Choler, the Juice of the Pancreas, and Phlegm in the Guts, or of other Humours; which because they are not now so manifest, all universal Things which do amend any Humors what-ever, may with profit be us'd, and chiefly volatil oily Salts, but some­what moderate ones, and indeed joyn'd to watry Liquors, and by turns given in Wine not too strong.

CHAP. II. Of Hunger d [...]prav'd.

1. HƲnger is call'd the Appetite of M [...]ats, as Thirst is of Drin [...]s.

2. The chief kinds of Hanger vitiated, are [Page 8]when it is Augmented, Diminish'd, Abolish'd, and many wayes Deprav'd.

3. I judg the chief Cause of Natural Hunger to be the remainders of Food fermented in the Ven­tricle, and there staying, and still more and more fermented by part of the Spittle adhering to them, being continually swallow'd down, and at length raising a some-what sowr and grateful Vapour, which pleasingly affects the upper Orifice of the Ventricle, and so produces Hunger.

4. This Natural Hunger, (especially where Food is with-held somwhat longer than ordina­ry) is encreas'd even in healthy People by the Juice of the Pancreas carri'd down to the small Gut, and after the separation and farther descend­ing of Food is finish'd, only by being oppos'd by Choler and Phlegm of the Guts thither flowing, there also in like manner sends unto the Ventricle sowr and grateful Vapours; which seems to be manifest even by Hunger proceeding to fainting [...]its, by reason of Food seldom taken.

5. But in the Sick I take the cause of Hunger augmented, to be f [...]tch'd from the over-sowrness of this Juice abounding in the Body, and chiefly carri'd out of the Pancreas to the Gut, and thence sending Vapour [...] more sowr than usual to the Ven­tric [...]e, which increases the Sense of Hunger; and aft [...]r the Food is thrust down, they presently re­new the same, and urge if more potently.

6. This Acid Juice i [...] encreas'd in the whole Body; 1. B [...] Acid Food, or things season'd with Ac [...]ds; By t [...] Acid [...]i [...]u [...]rs, and Wine, as Rhe­ni [...]h and of the M [...]use, especially exprest out of G [...]p [...]s unripe. 2. By cold Air, but clear. 3. By moderate S [...]rrow, if long continu'd, whose [Page 9]strength will be encreas'd. 4. By a more vehe­ment Motion of Body. 5. By too long Watches; And 6. by the Bodies being too costive.

7. The most frequent and grievous Cause of Hunger diminished, although it proceed slowly, I judg is the Spittle too viscous and too fat, and so unfit to promote the fermentation of Food and their Remainders; yet breeding Phlegm in the small Gut like to it, whereby the moderate acidi­ty of the Juice of the Pancreas is dull'd, and at length all the acidity in the Body becoms less sharp and dull.

8. I likewise judg, the Choler being too fat, causes seldom [...]r, lighter, and often suddenly the same Hunger to be diminish'd, arising from the small Gut to the Ventricle, and then corrupting both the remainders of Food and Spittle, and pro­strating their grateful acidity by dulling the Ap­petite.

9. Of the six Non-natural Things, so call'd. 1. Too much Food taken, and especially fat and tough, will diminish Hunger. And, 2. hot and rainy Weather. 3. Too much Sleep. 4. Rest and slothfulness of Body. 5. Extream Cares. 6. Lo [...]snesses.

10. The Causes of Hunger diminish'd, if they be most grievous, will quite take away and abolish Hunger.

11. Hunger deprav'd, or Longing, generally call'd Pica, in Women with Child, Malacia; is wont to vex men rarely, but Women more fre­quently; and chiefly either before their Monthly Courses, or when they are stop'd; whence they become almost together Cachectic, or of ill habit of Body.

12. In Pica, unwonted and unfit Food is de­sir'd, or things that are not Food, as Chalk, Coals, Ashes, Pitch, Clay, Turfs, ragg'd Linnen, Lea­ther, and I know not what.

13. Hither we refer Spices, which are indeed Medicins or Seasoners, but not Food it self.

14. Most commonly the Cause of Hunger de­prav'd, that rages among Women, is to be drawn from the suppression of their Monthly Courses: for these standing about the Womb, and so more or less corrupted; and then after being mixt with the whole Mass of Blood, and infecting it, all the Mass thereof is vitiated and deprav'd. From which as the Cachexy is produc'd, so both Spittle, the Juice of the Pancreas, and the other Humors in the Body are bred vitious, and together with the most, and sometimes all the Functions Hun­ger is also deprav'd.

15. We altogether judg, that the like corrup­tion and depravation of the Blood, and the rest of the Humors, let it arise whence it will, som­times has place in Men as well as Women, as of­ten as they are troubled with a Longing; As in like manner the same Men suffer both the Sense and Disease of Suffocation; to Women indeed more familiar, and which is thought to arise from the Womb, and therefore called an Ʋterine Disease, yea, and is cur'd with the same Medi­cins that Women are cured with; wherfore for Reasons following in Chap. 22. we judg this Suf­focation is not to be call'd Hyderical, but Hypo­chondriacal.

16. Hunger Encreas'd is to be cur'd, by giving those which temperate, destroy and amend the A­cid Juice in the Body, and do prevent its increase.

17. Lixiviat Salts both fix'd and volatil, do destroy most powerfully this Acid Juice; as also other things abounding with either of them, Co­ral, Pearls, Crabs-Eyes, Chalk, Blood-Stone, Amber, the filings of Steel, and such like.

18. All fat and oily things do dull this same Acid Juice.

19. A Volatil Spirit also made of Wine, or other things, as well more pure, as divers wayes aromatiz'd, temperates this Acid Juice.

20. Lastly, Any watry things also plentifully taken, do dilute and enervate the sowr Juice.

21. Which if more things were join'd toge­ther, as the Disease calls for, they will perform more. For Example, take these following; where first be advis'd, That the augmentation and rising of the Acid juice, is to be prevented chiefly by abstain­ing from the use of Acids.

22. If the form of a Pouder before others be desir'd; to please such;

℞. Red Coral prepar'd, Pearl prepar'd, of each ℈ i. while Chalk ℈ ss. whi e Sugar ʒ iii. M. to be a Poud [...]r, di [...]id [...]d into 6 Doses, and twice a day, at least three or f [...]ur hours after Meals, to b [...] taken in a spoonf [...]l of strong Wine.

23. Where a Liquid Form is more acceptable, let a spoonful of this fo [...]lowing mixture be taken.

℞. Mint water ℥ ii. S [...]ur [...]ygrass Water, Tin­cture of Cinam [...]n, m [...]de with Spirit of Wine recti [...]d by I [...]usi [...]n, of each ℥ ss. Syrup of W [...]r [...]wo [...]d ℥ i. M.

24. Or, ℞. Di [...]till'd Oil of Mace, and of Ju­nip [...]r B r [...]i [...], of each ℈ i. M. in a Glass Let the Sick t [...]k [...] s [...]meti [...]s in a day, 2 or 3 drops of this Oil in a spoonful of Malago, or any [Page 12]other Spiritous Wine, or in the aforesaid mix­ture.

25. Or when Hunger encreas'd does oppress, use Broths, both fat, and also such as come near to the consistency of a Gelly, and not s [...]ason'd with any sowr thing.

26. I prescribe no Purgers in Hunger encreas'd, because hitherto I know none, which will kindly purge sowr Humours; and furthermore I am taught by large Experience, that the sowr Hu­mors in the Body may be stirr'd up indeed, but not purg'd, unless with very great Gripes, and more hurt than good, and chiefly by the Physicians that are little solicitous of the grief or trouble of their Sick, or are blockish, or at least ignorant of this thing.

27. Hunger gradually Diminish'd or Abolish'd, will be cur'd by Medicins that correct and carry out the Viscous Phlegmatic Humor.

28. Both sowr Things, and all that have a lix­ivial Salt, either fix'd or volatil, and all Aroma­ties do correct, and by cutting amend the Viscous Phlegmatic Humors.

29. Which Phlegmatic Viscous Humor also abounding, when corrected, after a manner is evacuated by Colocynthis, Turpith, Hermodactyls, Mercury as well precipitated as sublim'd, both cor­rosive and sweet, &c.

30. Let these following Forms serve Students for an Example.

℞. Mint-water ℥ ii. Cinamon-water ℥ ss. Syrup of F [...]n [...]l ℥ i. Spirit of Salt, what suffices to a grat [...]ful sow [...]ness▪ M.

Or, ℞. Salt of Tartar vitriolated ʒ ss. Cream of Tartar ʒ i. white Sugar-Candy ʒ ii. M. [Page 13] pouder it, to be divided into three Doses. Take it once or twice a day in Rhemish-Wine, or in the preceding mixture.

If any will, they may take of Elixir Proprie­tatis ʒ ss. instead of Spirit of Salt, and use it by spoonfuls at several times.

31. They who are offended with Acids, may use the following mixture at times, and that by spoonfuls.

℞. Mint, Fenel-water, of each ℥ i. ss. Mat­thiolus his Aqua Vitae, or any other Aroma­tiz'd ʒ vi. distill'd Oil of Mace iii drops, Syr. of Mint ℥ i. M.

32. They who delight in a Medicinal Wine, may use this Form following, or one like it.

℞. Alicampane, Acorus Root, of each ʒ ii. Sage, Marjoran, Garden Rue-Leaves, of each an handful; sweet Fenel-Seeds ʒ ii. dried O­range-Peel ʒ i. Cut and beat them grosly, then few them in a Bag; which being put into a Tankard, pour upon it 20 ounces of White-Wine.

After it has stood a night in a Cellar, it may be given to ℥ iii, iv, or v. either in the Morning f [...]sting, or at Dinner, or Supper, as it may best please any, and is obs [...]rv'd to conduce. New Wine also may be pour'd in place of the former, so long as the Aromatic strength comes out of the Bag.

33. When there is need to purge, then ℞. Fae­tid Pills ʒ ss. Pills of Cochia ℈ i. Catholic Extract ℈ ss. Oil of Cloves ii drops, M. Make them into fifteen Pills to be guilded, or done over with Pouder of Licor [...]h or Ci­namon.

Let the Sick take five, or more of these Pills, as he is observ'd to be easie or hard to be purg'd.

34. If any would have Chymical Preparations also to be added, and in the form of Pills, then

℞. Gum-Ammoniac, or Opoponax, &c. cleansed with Vinegar, and thickned ʒ ss. Troches of Albandal, Sublim'd Mercury dulcifi'd, of each ℈ i. Make them into fifteen Pills to be guilded.

Order the Sick to take five or more.

35. Which if a Decoction be more acceptable to the Sick, and he can take bitter things, this following will be convenient enough.

℞. Liquorish slic'd ℥ ss. Smallage Root ℥ i. the shavings of Lignum Guaiaci ℥ iii. Laurel-Berries, Anise-Seeds, of each ʒ ii. the Pulp of Coloquintida ʒ ss. Boil them, according to Art, in Rain-water; in 30 ounces hereof strained, dissolve the Solutive Syrup of Roses with Sena, that call'd Di [...]cnicum, of each ℥ i. ss. Salt of Tartar vitriolated ℈ ii. Tincture of Cinamen ℥ i. M.

Let the Sick take iii, iv, or v. ounces of this Decoction, once or twice a day, whereby the Phlegmatic and Viscous Humors may both be corrected, and also evacuted gently by degrees.

36. Mean while let the Sick abstain from the use of fat and viscous Food. Let him use clear, and also more warm Air, and drier, at least so made by Art. Let him increase wakings. if sleep were longer or sounder. Let the Mind be com­pos'd to chearfulness. Let the Motion and Exercise of the Body be moderate. Let Stool and Ʋrine, if it may conveniently be, daily answer what is eaten and drunk.

37. Hunger suddenly diminish'd by Choler over­fat, will be cur'd by amending that Choler; or if it also abound in plenty by educing it either up­ward or downward.

38. Elixir Proprietatis conduces before all others to amend this Choler, taking v or vi. drops thereof in Wine, or in a convenient mixture, and chiefly a little before Meat.

39. They who can bear Acids, may instead of it use Spirit of Salt dulcifi'd, prepar'd with seve­ral Cohobations upon Spirit of Wine rectifi'd.

40. Wormwood and Wormwood-Wine, thence call'd, amends this Choler. Instead of which other Aromatic Plants may likewise be infus'd in Wine, and profitably taken at Dinner or Supper in a small quantity, such as Mountain Calamint, Marjoran, Rosemary, Garden-Rue, Hyss [...]p, Time, Sage, &c.

41. Choler is evacuated by Vomit most commo­diously by several Medicines prepar'd of Antimo­ny, call'd Crocus Metal [...]orum, Glass, and Sapa Vo­mitoria prepar'd of it; a Vomiting Syrup of Sugar and Vinegar, or of Honey and Vinegar, Mercury of Life, &c.

42. The s [...]me Choler is evacuated by Stool, with Rhubarb Sc [...]mmo [...]ie, Tamarinds, &c.

43. Scammonie is suddenly and best prepar'd, if in a convenient Dose, to xii or xv Grains, ac­cording to the Age of the Sick, or to a greater or lesser fitn [...]ss to continue a Purge; if, I say, Scam­mony be b [...]aten in a Mortar, and a little of a con­venient Water as of Balm, Succory, Sorrel, or such like be poured upon it, and the Liquor which is made milky by rubbing be gently pour'd out, and the rest of its strength be had also with new [Page 16]Water, the blackish dregs remaining in the bottom; then to this fore-nam'd Liquor, add ʒ ii. of Ci­namon or Fenel-Water, or any other Aromatic, and also ʒ ii or iii of the solutive Syrup of Roses, or such like, and so it will be a most grateful D [...]aught for the Sick. Which that it may work the better, it will be convenient that half an hour after the Draught is taken, the Sick should drink in Broth ℈ i. or ʒ ss of Cream of Tartar.

44. Also these most grateful Tablets of Scam­mony may be prepar'd and kept against need, which,

℞. Crystals of Tartar ℥ i. ss. Diagridium ʒ iii. Oil of Cinamon vi drops, white Sugar dis­solved in Rose-Water ℥ viii. Make them in­to Tablets according to Art.

These Tablets may be given most conveniently to Infants, Children, and to such as are delicate; seeing their highest Dose is from ʒ iii. to ℥ ss. to Infants ʒ ss, or ʒ i. and to Youths ʒ ii. may be given with careful governing.

45. They who being smitten with a vain and preposterous terror, do abhor from the use of Scammony and Scammoniats most gentle and safest, though potent, or fear their Patients here­in, let them use Rhubarb in this following man­ner.

℞. Select slic'd Rhubarb ʒ ii. Crude and the best Tartar ʒ ss. Succory-water what suffises; In­fuse them all night in a warm Bath of Ashes, or Fresh-water; to what is gently strain'd, add the solutive Syrup of Roses or of Succory with Rhubarb ℥ ss. Cinamon water ʒ ii. or Oil of Anise ii or iii drops; which does most power­fully and happily correct and take away the [Page 17]squeamish smell of Rhubarb, and discuss Wind. M. for a Draught.

46. They who had rather use an Electuary to purge Choler abounding, to them we commend our Cholagogue or Diaprunum, prescribed for the use of the Academic Hospital by Us some years ago, and commonly used to the profit of the Sick, both there and else-where, by other Physicians as well as by Us; which even therefore is the more commendable, be­cause though it be used in a small quantity, it works powerfully and gently enough. The Form whereof we here communicate to all.

The Cholagogue Electuary, or Diaprunum of Sylvius.

℞. The Pulp of Prunes sowrish-sweet ℥ x. Cream of Tartar, best Scammony, of each ℥ ii. Select Rhubarb ʒ x. sharp Cinamon ℥ ss. Yellow San­ders ʒ ii. Refin'd Sugar ℥ xvi. Make it an Ele­ctuary according to Art. The Dose is from ʒ iii. to ℥ ss.

It may be dissolved in a sufficient quantity of con­venient Water, and so be given.

47. Seeing that Depraved Hunger is most various according to the diversity of the thing desired; Its Cure will only be proposed here by Us generally, which consists in the purifying and amending of the Blood, and other Humours; which being done, Long­ing will of its own accord vanish away.

48. And in this Disease, I have found hitherto that Volatil Salts do avail before all other Medicines; which seeing there are many, they are to be selected, which by accurate Observation, we shall note do most profit the Sick. Wherefore Medicines are to be [Page 18]chang'd often-times, and chiefly where we see they profit little by them.

49. And so much the more are Volatil Salts pro­fitable, because they gently and kindly move the Monthly Courses, the suppression whereof is known most frequently to produce the Longing.

50. The best way of using Volatil Salts, is, if more or f [...]wer Drops of them be taken twice, thrice, or oftner a day in Wine, or another conve­nient Liquor, and chiefly at Dinner and Supper­time, whereby being joyned to the Victuals they hinder their corruption that might be expected from the vitious Spittle, and by degrees amend the Spittle, and so by little and little restore the Fermentation of Food also deprav'd.

51. In this Disease also it is good sometimes to move Swe [...]ts gently; and beware lest the Sick be stifled with Cloths; for it is safer that no Sweat should bre [...]th [...]ut, rather than one forc't; seeing that Sudorifics do amend and correct the vitious H [...]mors, though they do not expel them. And I always pr [...]f [...]r those that are liquid and spiritous, be­fore them that are thicker, although Antimonials, though [...]ver so dry, are here the best, as Diaphore­tle Antimony, and Mineral Bezoard. &c.

52. And according to the diversity of the vitious Humors somtimes abounding together, you may profitably institute a V [...]mit or a Purge, which we hav [...] in part handled, and int [...]nd more hereafter.

CHAP. III. Of Loathing of Victuals.

1. THe Sick do not only desire little or nothing or too much, or what is strange and absurd; but somtimes loath and are averse to the most, or some at least, and certain kinds of Food.

2. This Loathing both of some M [...]at and Drink, does not only overtake the Sick, but somtimes those that are otherwise Well.

3. Where this is to be noted, that almost All do more loath what is actually hot or warm, and which do more powerfully affect also the Smell than cold things, and therfore less moving the Smell.

4. All Loathing is either natural or adventitious.

5. The Natural for the most part, if not always, follows as the Mind of the Mother carrying in her Womb the young one is affected; and such-like either present, and mourring upon the outward S [...]nses, or absent, and often call'd to mind, and somtimes by the vitious Humors in the Body; other-times by prejudices whencesoever taken, loathing and being avers from things judg'd ungrateful.

6. The Adventitious Loathing is stirr'd up after Birth in healthy People, either by Pr [...]judice, esteem­ing Food unclean, ungrateful, or hurtful; or by the same Food, or such-like us'd over-plentifully, esp [...]cially to nauseousness or v [...]miting, or by the same [...]t cleanly enough prepar'd, or presented: whi [...]h if they were taken in Hunger, or any other necessity [...]n pelling, they breed a loathing of them, and leav [Page 20]a great prejudice against such-like; which somtimes indeed is again at length taken away, somtimes con­tinues to the end of Life.

7. In like manner and more frequently is stir'd up in the Sick, a Loathing of certain or the most Food, and chiefly as often as they are given hot or warm; for by their smell, easily ungrateful to the Sick, a quea­siness almost together rais'd, promotes and encreases their loathing.

8. Neither are many Sick wont to loath Food of one kind, but somtimes of every kind and tast, and those accustom'd and otherwise desir'd; but not Meat only, but also often all Drinks, Wine, Beer, and often Water.

9. This Loathing of Food is so frequent a Symp­tom to the Sick, that somtimes it is a manifest sign of unhealthiness, and especially in Boy's, testifying a Sickness beginning or begun by that loathing.

10. It is worthy consideration, that not only Flesh, and Broths, especially Fat, do loath the Sick, but so frequently all things, both sweet, and sowrish­sweet; and very seldom those things that are more Acid.

11. And somtimes Loathing of certain Meats and Drinks, rises to that height, and takes away the strength of the Sick, that though the Disease be ta­ken away for a while, and somtimes long, yea, som­times wholly, yet it continues; whilst in others quickly, at least in a short while it is taken away or vanishes.

12. But for the most part, the Loathing of the Sick depends, 1. of the vitious Vapors produc't in the small Gat by a vitious Effervency by Choler, Phlegm, and the Juice of the Pancreas vitiated together or a­part, and rising up to the Ventricle and the Mouth, [Page 21]notably diminishing Hunger, but more or less depra­ving Thirst, and moving chiefly the Smell, or Tast, commonly also Loathing, when mention is made, or at sight of Victuals.

13. The same also do depend, 2. of the trouble that follows the taking of such-like Food, once or ofter, and hence of the wilful prejudice bent of the same trouble returning, if they be again taken; whence a Loathing, and hence a Vomiting is wont to be stirr'd up in some by the memory only of un­pleasing or hurtful Victuals.

14. This Loathing of the Sick is deservedly a­scrib'd to Choler, the Juice of the Pancreas, and Phlegm flowing together in the small Gut, and viti­ated, and therefore vitiously raising an effervescency; seeing when they are amended and evacuated, it is taken away and cured forth-with in the most.

15. And as somtimes this, somtimes that Humor is peccant, so also the Sick do loath Food of this or that Tast before others: which when more are nota­bly peccant together, they are avers to Food of every kind.

16. And what Humor, and how it is peccant, the conjoin'd Symptoms to be fetch't from the follow­ing Treatise of other Diseases will shew.

17. The Loathing of Healthy People will be Cur'd, by freeing the Mind from every prejudice, or by degrees accustoming to the use of Food loath'd: which is tri'd somtimes in vain, other times with success.

18. After the same manner is the Loathing of the Sick to be Cur'd, which arises from a Prejudice.

19. But where the Prejudice has its rise from the present vitiousness of the Humors the C [...]r [...] [...]l fol­low, if the peccant humors be corrected or pu [...]d ut.

20. The Humours Peccant are to be corrected by Medicins, partly now propos'd before, and partly to be propos'd yet in what follows.

21. The Humors whether fluid, or of their own accord, inclining upward, may be carried out by a Vomit, and indeed with Vomits already mention'd, or to be here and there mention'd.

22. The same Humors, seeking no way upward, and very viscous, may be carri'd out by Stool, both by Medicins already prescrib'd, and to be prescrib'd here­after.

CHAP. IV. Of the Taking in of Food hindred.

1. IT suffices not Man to desire Meat and Drink, un­less he take the same in at his Mouth, and lessen the more solid parts by chewing, and thence swallow it through the Gullet into the Stomach.

2. These Functions are hindred many ways; and 1. when the taking of Liquid Things usually per­form'd by Sucking, is deficient more or less.

3. It happens, when the Sick cannot either open or shut the Mouth; at least conveniently either conjoin or disjoin the Lips; or put enough out, or wry about the Tongue.

4. The Sick cannot open the Mouth, when it re­mains shut in the Convulsion of the Muscles of the Temples.

5. The same cannot shut the Mouth, when it per­petually gapes when the lower Jaw is out of joint, or in the Palsie of the Musel [...]s of the Temples, or a cross Wound.

6. The Sick cannot conveniently and sufficiently join together their Lips, when they are wanting, or have the Palsie, or gape with a great Wound.

7. The same cannot decently open their Lips, when they in like manner are wanting, or are kept in Con­vulsion by the wriness of the Mouth, called Cynicus Spasmus.

8. Both happens imperfectly, when the Palsie or Convulsion is in either side; whence in the side affect­ed there is no contraction, or too much of, both vi­tious and hurtful, in the wrying of the Mouth.

9. The same Sucking is hurt in the closing of the Lips, stopping the way of the Food.

10. The chewing of solid Victuals is Hurt, when the under-Jaw cannot be drawn from the upper, or drawn to the same.

11. The first happens by the Convulsion of the Muscle of the Temples, in the Spasinus Trismus call'd; the latter by the Palsie of the same, or the Continuation loosned cross-ways; both in the dis­joining of the Jaw.

12. The same Chewing is Hurt by the fault of the Teeth deficient up and down, or otherwise not enough fitted to themselves above and beneath, or troubled with Ʋnsensibleness, Pain, Rottenness, or any other Corruption.

13. The Tongue cannot conveniently be put forth or wried about, as often as it is troubled with the Palsie, or Convulsion, or a Wound, or a shorter siring of the Tongue.

14. In the Second Bank we intend to Treat of the Palsie, Convulsion, Pain, and such-like; whence may be requir'd, those things which are necessary to clear up more, and Cure the present D [...]seases.

CHAP. V. Of Swallowing Food hindred.

1. THe Sick cannot somtimes at all, other times not, unless with difficulty swallow Meat, or Drink, or both.

2. Both the Tongue serves naturally to Swallow, especially by thrusting Meat to the Jaws, and the Gullet by thrusting down the same, and Drink re­ceiv'd.

3. To this end is required both a movable Tongue, and the Gullet able to be displai'd and folded up, as also its Chanel, as well as the upper Orifice of the Ventricle open, and not hindred.

4. The thrusting of Food forward to the Jaws, is hindred, as often as the Tongue is troubled with the Palsie, or Convulsion, or Wound, or Ʋlcer, or Pain, concerning all which we intend to Treat elswhere.

5. The thrusting down of Food through the Gullet, or swallowing is hindred and abolish'd; when either 1. the Throat is obstructed by a solid thing filling its Chanel, to wit, somtimes Flesh growing out in that part affected; other times by gluttony, or by some Gristle, Bone, or Kernel, hastily swallow'd, and firm­ly sticking in it. Or, 2. it is prest by a Tumor near it, as is wont to be in the Quincie. Or, 3. it is grown together, after its excoriation.

6. The Sick Swallow with difficulty; 1. When the newly mention'd hindrances are only Light, and not great, and do only in part shut the Chanel of the Throat. 2. When the Throat is troubled with [Page 25]the Palsie, an Excoriation or Exulceration. 3. When Vapors, or bitter, and tart, or many Belches ri­sing up out of the Stomach, do stop and somtimes re­pel Food that is to be swallow'd.

7. Somtimes the Swallowing down of Food is hin­dred, and not performed without difficulty and pain, when the upper Orifice of the Stomach is either In­flam'd, or Excoriated, or Ʋlcerated, or is more or less beset with a fleshy Excrescency.

8. Of the most Diseases before mention'd, and those that hinder Swallowing down, we intend to speak anon, whence they may be requir'd, which are here desir'd both to a farther Knowledg and Cure of them.

CHAP. VI. Of the Retention of Food hindred in the Stomach.

1. IT suffices not that Food is taken into the Mouth, and swallowed down through the Throat, un­less the same stay and be retain'd in the Stomach a con­venient space, and so long, till it be sufficiently fer­mented there.

2. This required Stay and Retention of Food in the Stomach is hindred, when it is expell'd, either suddenly after it is taken, or at least sooner than ought to be, and that either upward by the Mouth when Vo­mited, or downward through the Guts by Stool, in the Disease call'd Lienteria.

3. Either of these disturbances of Food made down or up, happens usually by the faultiness of the Sto­mach, or its Food, or a vitious Humor provoking the [Page 26]Stomach continually, or at least after Victuals.

4. By fault of the Stomach this evil happens, as often as it being inflam'd, or exulcerated, or excori­ated, c [...]n recciv nothing into it, but presently after is stirr'd up to contract it self violently, and unload it self of what is in it.

5. The same falls out by fault of the Food, or other things Taken together with it, if they be sharp and provoke the Stomach by biting to unload it self.

6. The same happens by fault of other Humors that were before in the Body, if they incite the Stomach by their Acrimony to a perpetual Loathing, and Vomiting, or to a Contraction tending downward, and there­fore a driving down of all things receiv'd in.

7. Such Humors are often Chol [...]rie Salt, and som­times Pancreatical over-Acid, which being endu'd with a Volatil Acrimony, and rising one against ano­ther, do come up to the Stomach, at least send thi­ther sharp Vapors, fretting and gnawing it.

8. Somtimes Humors sowrish salt and sharp slide down from the Head to the Jaws, and hence to the Stomach, and compel it to contract it self, and expel what was taken in.

9. Of an Inflammation, and any Exulceration, we intend to speak in their proper place.

10. If this evil happen by sharp Food, more gen­tle and also asswaging things ought to be us'd; or at least Acrimony is first to be temper'd and corrected.

11. To this end many oily things conduce, Oil it self, any Milk, Cows Sheeps, Goats, &c. Flesh-Broths, especially Fat; Emulsions prepar'd of several Seeds, especially Sweet-Almonds.

12. A sowr sharpness may be temper'd, besides with sweet things, Sugar, Hony, Raisins of the Sun; and [Page 27]somtimes with spiritous Things, or others, which concentrate sowrness, and yet hurt not food; such as are Coral, Pearl, &c. And also by much the longer concoction, do by little and little wax sweet, and more or less lose its acidity.

13. A Lixivial and Aromatic Acrimony, such as is in Peper, Cloves, Rocket, and such-like, is temper'd by the aforesaid oily and sweet things; and then it's safer to abstain from them things wholly, or for the most part.

14. The salt sharpness, such as is in Sea and digg'd Salt, and most salted things, is wonderfully corrected with unslak't-Lime made of burnt Flints or Shells, not to be fear'd any more by any prudent Physician, and to be most happily us'd in most Dis­cases in the form of a Lie.

15. As Meat and Sauces, so the vitious and sharp Humors may be corrected with oily and spirituous things; and that with their contraries, but first temper'd, al­ready mention'd, and hereafter still to be menti­on'd.

16. The same Humors too sharp, but first more or less corrected and temper'd, as often as they also abound, or are more slow or difficult to be corrected and restor'd, are to be empti'd by Medicins prescrib'd be­fore, and hereafter to be prescrib'd.

17. Chiefly then to temper the urgent Acrimony of Humors, and to dull the sense of the Stomach, and to settle its troublesom contraction; Opium avails, and any Medicin nam'd of Opium, Treacle, Mithridate, Di [...]scordium, Roman Philonium, Laudanum, &c. if us'd often in a small quantity, other Medicins being added which kindly temper the most peccant Hu­mors, whose Forms are extant in several places of this Treatise.

18. We intend to Treat distinctly of Vomiting, and the Lientery, in which the Excretion or Expul­sion of the Stomach, and somtimes and perhaps al­ways of the Guts is withal hurt.

CHAP. VII. Of the Fermentation of Food in the Ventricle hindred.

1. THat change which happens according to nature to Food taken into the Stomach, commonly call'd, turning of Food into Chyle, we incline to call Fermen­tation.

2. The chief kinds of this Fermentation of Food hindred, are, 1. when it is abolish't or diminish't; 2. when Increas'd; 3. Deprav'd: which being known, both that which is too slowly, and that which is too speedily perform'd, may easily be de­duc't.

3. Fermentation of Food is thought to be Abo­lish't, when, though it be retain'd a sufficient time in the Stomach, yet is cast out again raw and unal­tred, either upward or downward, as it is Dimi­nish't, when it comes forth a little, or less chang'd than should be: Whence the Sick get none, or little nou­rishment and strength from what they eat.

4. The Fermentation of Food is said to be In­creast, when it's done quicker than ought, whence if Food stay longer than its natural and wonted time, it is too much chang'd; that neither so can it afford convenient matter to nourish the Body; as dough when too much, or too long fermented makes the [Page 29]Bread too sowr, and therefore less laudable. For all good consists in a Mediocrity, evil in extreams.

5. Where it is to be noted, that the Fermentation of Food Encreast is not very hurtful to Man, unless it persist too long, because most commonly Food sufficiently Fermented, makes no long stay in the Stomach, but is forthwith driven forward to the Guts, and there is sever'd into profitable Chyle and Excrements, &c.

6. But where Fermentation encreast persists for a space, there is too much Food desir'd, and when all succeeds well, gradually there follows a Plethoric, and hence an Athletic Habit, which, except it be loos'd in time, it's known out of Hippocrates, to whom Experience subscribes, into how great danger it casts Men.

7. The Fermentation of Food is Deprav'd, when it is so chang'd in the Stomach, that it affords not a convenient, but hurtful nourishment for the Body as well containing as contain'd; whence arise infinite evils; seeing that the Faults of the first Concoction are not corrected easily in the second; which is al­ways true of a Deprav'd Concoction.

8. Among the divers kinds of Deprav'd Fermen­tation of Food, two are commonly reckoned the chief, known by the name of Loathsom and Sowr Crudity.

9. The Fermentation of Food is Abolish't or Di­minish't, somtimes by the fault of Food, othertimes of that which Ferments, or because of the vitious Humors brought to the Stomach.

10. It happens by fault of Food, when it is taken in either in too great a quantity, or does more or less hinder or stay the Fermentation by its own vitious quality.

11. The vitious quality of Food consists frequent­ly in its Fatness abounding; somtimes in a Volatil Spirit preposterously, and too much taken, somtimes in a lixiviat Salt, either fixt, or volatil too plentiful­ly also us'd; in one word in those things, which po­tently break the Acid Spirit, and its Operation: whence the thicker parts of Food cannot be suffici­ently cut and separated from one another; so much can a certain proportion and harmony of many things every-where requisite concurring, do to pro­duce the same effect. Any Beer also, especially wa­try, does this if swill'd too plentifully, and then it dilutes and washes away the Ferment, and over­whelms the Meat, hindring it in its Fermentation.

12. The Fermentation of Food is Diminish't or Abolish't by fault of the Ferment, both because of its Defect, and also Slowness.

13. The Ferment of the Stomach is Deficient, when there is not enough of it in the defect of Spittle, or in a continual spitting; or it's carri'd another way, by a con­tinual drinking, whereby it is driven forward to the Guts.

14. This Ferment is sluggish, because it is pro­duc't Fatter, more viscous, or more watry than it ought, because of such-like Spittle, arising from such-like Food too long us'd; and somtimes to be de­duc't from the heat of external Air, or from a vehe­ment exercise of Body or Mind spending the Animal Spirits; and chiefly where the Animal Spirits are not refresh't with Food abounding with volatil Spirit, or repair'd being consum'd and deficient in the Body, seeing they are very useful to promote the Fermenta­tion of Food.

15. Where more Causes do concur, the aforesaid Fermentation or Food is hindred, and on the con­trary.

16. Some things may Diminish, and somtimes A­bolish the same Fermentation when they are us'd ill, either for Food or Medicins, and because they wea­ken the Ferment, or render the Food unfit for Fer­mentation, are to be esteem'd Poison; such as are all, which are endued with an excelling power of fix­ing.

17. The Fermentation of Food may be Diminish't, and after that Abolish't, by the vitious and especially Choleric Humors over-oily, rising up to the Ventricle, and either corrupting or weakning the Ferment, or mixing themselves with the Food, do trouble, hinder, or stop their Fermentation.

18. On the contrary, the Fermentation of Food is Encreast; either, 1. by the fault of Ferment being more acid and volatil than is wont. Or, 2. by the fault of Food long continu'd, which according to the natural Constitution of the Eater, is easily fermen­ted. Or, 3. because of the Humors having a volatil acidity, and sliding down from the Head, or rising up from the Pancreas to the Stomach.

19. The Ferment and Spittle, as also the Juice of the Pancreas, and Humors falling down from the Head, owe their encreas'd volatil Acidity chiefly to Food that have in them a volatil acidity, over-plenteously & long taken, and such-like Sauces, and Wine, or other de­licate and spiritous Drink, but somwhat acid, as is Mense and Rhenish-Wine, us'd for some space, though not in too much plenty.

20. A careful sorrow may in part promote the same, but not too grievous; as also clear and subtil Air, but not very hot or cold, but a little inclining to the nature of the Northern.

21. The Fermentation of Food is Deprav'd into a noisom Crudity by Choler over-fat and too volatil rising [Page 32]to the Stomach, and not only hindring Fermentation, but moreover altering and corrupting it. Whence are Belches rais'd and lifted up, which distend the Stomach, or gnaw it, somtimes smelling of fri'd Eggs, other-times stinking Fish, or other things.

22. But as often as the Distension of the Stomach concurs, or those Belches come up with difficulty, so often it is certain that viscous Phlegm is also pec­cant.

23. Sowr Humors produce the Acid Crudity, and chi [...] the Juice of the Pancreas peccant in abound­in [...] or height of acidity, and carried to the Sto­mach; whence the Solution and Fermentation of Food is not only too much hastned, but moreover vitiated and corrupted, Acid Vapors somtimes very troublesom, being elevated by the same Work.

24. Neither is it a wonder or new thing, that the same Cause, according as if is more or less in quanti­ty, or more intense or remiss in quality, doth more or less alter and change, yea, hurt some Function, som­times according to quantity, other-times according to quality.

25. The Fermentation of Food Abolish't or Diminish't, because of too much of it taken in, may be Cur'd of­ten with Hunger only, or Food sparingly taken for a space.

26. The same may be sooner obtain'd by using Medicins that promote Fermentation, such chiefly are Sowr and lixiviat Salt things alter'd, and more or less volatis'd by a volatil Spirit. Hereto belongs Spi­rit of Salt dulci [...]i'd by iterated cohobation with Spi­rit of Wine; also Salt of Tartar made volatil with Spirit of Wine; Salt of Amber, of Urine, Harts-Horn; and Salt A [...]moniac, its Spirit, or volatil Salt, &c.

27. For all these things do cut Meat, as well as thick and viscous Humors found in the Body, and carry down those that are Crade to the Fermentati­on, and so make them useful for the Body.

28. All these things are most commodiously us'd, if taken in a convenient quantity, for the Constitu­tion and Age of the Party, in Wine, or any other convenient Liquor, at Dinner and Supper. They may also be us'd not incommodiously at another time, and chiefly when the Body abounds with vis­cous Phlegm.

29. Fat things may be corrected by an acid dulci­fi'd Spirit powerfully, but more weakly and slowly by a volatil Salt.

30. Where the Appetite is prostrated, not only by the over-use, and so the abuse of Spirit of Wine, but moreover is Diminish't, and somtimes Abolish't, the dulcifi'd acid Spirit doth much conduce, being taken in a small quantity, and often; as also Elixir Proprietatis rightly prepar'd.

31. This Medicin will do the same, where any has us'd long, Food too much abounding with volatil or fixt Salt; whence the Acid Spirit that is in many Humors, and altogether necessary, is too much bro­ken and made sluggish.

32. Fermentation of Food Abolish't or Diminish't, by devouring much Drink, and chiefly watry, to wit, small Beer, or such like, may be Cur'd, by daily di­minishing the quantity of such Beer, and instead therof using a little Wine strong enough, or any other Drink potent enough, and abounding with a volatil Spirit.

33. Where the said Fermentation is Diminish't or Abolish't for want of Ferment, the same is to be en­creas [...]d together with Spittle wanting, by preparing, [Page 34]and then using a mixture of a little volatil-Salt, and more of an acid dulcifi'd Spirit join'd together.

34. So continual Spitting is to be disaccustom'd by degrees. For this commonly follows the ill manner and custom. And it is good to contain the Tongue quiet in the Mouth▪ seeing by its often moving the [...]sion of too plentiful Spittle is promoted.

35. And moreover a perpetual and unseasonable Drinking is to be [...]bstain'd from; for it cannot be, that a Physician should make Men healthy that con­tinually err in Diet.

36. The Ferment sluggish, and too fat, and vis­cous, and watry, because of such-like Spittle, may be renew'd by the newly mentioned mixture, seeing it is sufficient for all these Indications. Which may sooner be obtain'd, if the Sick abstain from such-like Food, and use in their stead, those things which are of good and plenteous nourishment, and of easie Fermentation, if he s [...]un the cloudy or hot Air; if he be moderate in the Exercise of Body and Mind, and get moderate Sleep.

37. Where Fermentation is Diminish't or Abo­lish't, by things that fix the Ferment, and concenter its Acidity, or make Food taken in unfit for Fermen­tation, as Chalk, Ashes, Lime, Coral, &c. ill us'd, in Loathing, Acids ought to be us'd, and such as are more kindly and temperate, and to persist for a [...] in the use of them, and especially a little be­fore [...]; and often v [...]l [...]til Salts may conduce, it talen of [...] Supper, in a mod [...]rat quanti­ty in Wine no [...] very spirituous, seeing [...] do not [...] [...]tation of Food, [...]ut by de­ [...] [...] the nature of fixing and [...]. M [...]n while [...]ware of any further [...].

38. I said that kindly and temper'd Acids ought to be us'd; which Rule ought always and every-where to be observ'd in rightly exercising Physick, and be­cause all the Humors in our Body are by nature tem­perat, and also because when they are less temper'd, they continually raise up an effervescency too vehe­ment, and so too hot in us; for it can scarce be, but that then both sharp and gnawing Vapors are rais'd, from which no good, but much harm may be ex­pected. Therfore i 's better to proceed more slow­ly and safely, than to cast the Sick into the danger of any harm by hasting too m [...]ch.

39. As often as the Fermentation of Food is Dimi­nish't or Abolish't by over-fat Choler rising to the Sto­mach, so often it is to be corrected by Spirit of Salt dulcifi'd; or, if it be judg'd to be peccant also in quantity, it is to be evacuated by gentle Cholagogues, or light Vomits, especially such as are prepar'd of Antimony, such as we have toucht above.

40. Fermentation of Food Encreast, because the Ferment is over-acid and volatil, may be Cur'd by ex­hibiting those things, which break and kindly fix that Acidity, Coral, Pearl, Crabs Eyes, Filings of S [...], Chalk, and such-like.

41. Where it is to be noted, that the fam'd and wonderfully prais'd Magisteries of Coral, Pearl, and such-like, especially prepar'd by the Oil of Tartar, answers not the Promises of their Authors, because that by such Preparation, their power of tempering, fixing and concentrating sowrness is broken, if not wholly abolish t: It is better therefore only to re­duce them into fine Pouder, than to use them cor­rupted rather than prepar'd.

42. Their Fermentation Encreast, by reason of Fo [...]d over-easie to be fermented, may be Cur'd, by ex­hibiting [Page 36] Food thicker, more viscous, and of a more dif­ficult fermentation, as Bread made of Meal and Bran, and not leaven'd; Beef salted or hardned with smoak, &c.

43. A Plethora, that is, an abundance of good Blood, and an Athletick habit of Body following it, which arises after Fermentation of Food Encreast pessists for a space, is Cur'd soon and safely by letting Blood, once, or oftner, as the matter requires: which if it be neglected, or deferr'd too long, the Sick are often cast into present danger of Suffocation; from which they are not sooner freed, till by Blood let out of a Vein cut, this breathing is made freer, and so Death otherwise at hand is turn'd away.

44. Fermentation of Food Encreast, by the fault of Humors sowr, and endu'd with a volatil Acrimony, either descending from the Head gradually through the Gullet, or rising up from the Guts to the Sto­mach, is to be Cur'd, by exhibiting at times, as is al­ready said, Medicins that do temper, break, and kind­ly fix all acidity in the Body by degrees; by abstain­ing from Drink and Meat, that is over-sharp, or sauc'd with sowr things; by inclining to chearfulness, by shunning the very clear and over-sharp Air.

45. A [...]isom Crudity is to be Cur'd, by amending Ch [...]ler by the often commended Spirit of Salt dulci­fi'd, or any other so prepar'd, or, if it be peccant also in encreast plenty, by educing it either by the Mouth with a V [...]mit, or by Stoel, with purging Cho­lag [...]s above-mention'd.

46. Where observe that those Evacuations are to be us'd in the be [...]inning in a small Dose, lest Choler being of it s [...] very t [...] xil, or after a certain man­ner [...]ur [...]nt b [...]come fur [...], and cause the Disease call'd Ch [...]ra or at least a sore Diarrhea, and therfore dangerous.

47. For except it appear that Phlegmatic and Viscous Humors do also abound in the Body, it is al­ways safer when you purge Choler, to use Cholagogues in a lesser Dose, for fear of over-purging.

48. Add that, although perhaps Purgers evacuate nothing when given in a small Dose, they may be repeted, and the Operation of what preceded, will be promoted by others taken some hours after in a small quantity also; which, where there is no need, may be done only on the next day, because Purging Medicins have power, not only to evacuate the vitious Humors, but also to alter and amend the same, and to prepare them to be commodiously educ't.

49. And this Precept we willingly commend to younger Physicians and Students, because by so do­ing they will not only do their Patients no harm, but by such prudence they will become more commenda­ble to every one; which is only to be done by any that seeks honest profit by doing well.

50. But where viscous Phlegm is join'd to Choler, begetting the Loathing Crudity, Purging Phlegma­gogues are to adjoin'd, beside Spirit of Salt dulcifi'd, which conduces to its alteration and incision, and then both of them in a somwhat greater Dose; because the Operation of any Purgers is retarded, and hindred by too viscous Phlegm, which therefore ought to be promoted by encreasing their quantity.

51. To this end Purgers may be prescrib'd most conveniently in form of a Pill, because the Gums are most apt above all other Medicins to loosen and cut viscous Phlegm, neither can they be easily dis­solv'd in any Liquor, and with one and the same la­bour both empty, and carry out the Humors pee­cant.

52. To this purpose may the following, or such a like [...]orm of Pills serve, which

℞. Gum Ammoniae, or Galbanum, &c. prepar'd with Vinegar ʒ ss. Select Mastich ℈ i. Troches of Albandal, Rosin of Scammony, of each 25 Grains, M. Make it into 25 Pills and guild them.

Let the Sick take 5 or 7 in the morning fasting, and an hour after drink Broth.

53. The Acid Crudity is to be Cur'd by exhibiting Medicins often above-cited, which temper or concen­trate the Acid Spirit; diligently shuming Purgers be­fore the Acid Hum [...]rs are temper'd and brought to a serous Nature, which if they then abound, nothing hinders but that they may be carried out by Hydra­gogues.

54. The Serous and A id Humors being both tem­per'd, are carri'd out by Mechoacan, and Jalapp Root, the most parts of Elder, and Dwarf-Elder, Gum-Gotte, Haterium, &c.

55. Among the Compounds, I dare commend an Electuarie some years since invented by Me for the us [...] of [...]he A [...]demie Hospital, and often us'd to the profit of the St [...] the Description whereof I here set for young Physi [...] sake.

The H [...]gogue Elec [...]arie of Sylvius.

℞. Ju [...]er-B [...]rri [...] [...]il'd in W [...]tter, exprest and re­duct to the c ns [...]en [...]ie of a Pulp, the Pulp of Tam [...]ariads, of [...]ach ℥ iv. Jalapp-Root ℥ i. ss. Relect S [...]mun [...]nie, ℥. i. Sharp Cinamon, Sweet Fen [...]l S [...]s, of each, ℥ ii. Clarifi'd Sugar ℥ x. Make it an Elect [...]ie according to Art.

The Dose also of this is from ʒ iii. to ℥ ss. to Peo­ple of Age. It is a gentle, effectual, and no un­grateful Medicin. It may be dissolv'd in a conveni­ent Water, as of Parsley, Fenel, or any other, and exhibited in form of a Potion, or taken by it self and swallow'd down.

56. To correct a slow Ferment, and also to amend Phlegmatic viscous Humors, a Medicinal Wine may be prepar'd in this following Form.

℞. Elecampane, Galingal-Root, of each ʒ ii. The Leaves of Water-Mints, Mountain-Calamint, of each M. ss. Anise-Seeds, sharp Cinamon, of each ʒ ii. Nutmegs ʒ i. Cut and Beat them grosly, and put them into a Bag, which being put in a Glass or Stone, or any other Vessel, pour upon them White-French, or Rhenish Wine, (as the Sick likes this or that better) as much as y [...]u please, or for Example, three pints.

Let it stand twelve hours or more in a cold place, that the Aromatical strength of the Plants may get into the Wine: Whereof let the Sick drink a Draught as well at Dinner as Supper, adding in every draught, either Spirit of Salt dulcifi'd, 10 drops, or Elixir Propri [...]tatis 5 drops.

When the Wine is almost consum'd, more may be poured on, till it cease to be Aromatical.

If Wormwood-Wine please any, half an handful of the t [...]ps of Woormwood may be added, and us'd, as is directed.

CHAP. VIII. Of the Expulsion of Food to the Guts deprav'd.

1. THe Food that is taken in at the Mouth, and kept a sufficient time in the Stomach, and Fermented, is usually thrust forward to the Guts by degrees through the Pylorus; that is, the lower Ori­fice of the Stomach.

2. To this end the Stomach is wont to press its Cavity, by contracting it self by its circular Fibres, and expel downwards what is in it.

3. This Expulsion of Food is either Abolish't, at least Diminish't and is over-slow & dull beyond Nature; or is hastned and perform a sooner than ought to be; or is finish't a preposterous and inconvenient way.

4. That expulsion is only thought to be Abolish't, or rather Diminish't, when it is too slow and imper­fect, whence a good part of Food stays too long in the Stomach, and presses it with heaviness.

5. For I think not that this Expulsion can be Ab [...]lish't, but shortly after the Sick dies; seeing that these M [...]tions of Contraction, call'd by me Natural, of the P [...]rts forming a Cavity, and carrying certain things contain'd, have been observ'd by Me, and other accura [...] S [...]archers of the Works of Nature, to be notable, and so remaining several hours to Ex­tern l [...]nse, th ugh all the M [...]tion of the Muscles, call'd Animal and Volanta [...]ie, were Abolish't and wh [...]lly c [...]ss nt, yea, even after the Man or Beast was already d [...]ad.

6. The Expulsion of Food out of the Stomach is perfected, and hastned sooner than ought, if the Expulsion begin, and be absolv'd quickly or soon af­ter it is taken, or at least be not retain'd in the Sto­mach, as long as it ought, and is requir'd to be du­ly and sufficiently alter'd and fermented.

7. That Expulsion is tri'd and finish't in a prepo­sterous way, and so is deprav'd, when Food is again expell'd out of the Stomach, not downward to the Guts through the Pylorus, but upward to the Mouth through the Gullet, and a Vomiting is rais'd.

8. The Expulsion of Food out of the Stomach, is Abolish't, or rather Diminish't, both by fault of the Food it self, and also of the Stomach.

9. It happens by the fault of the Food suddenly, as often as it is taken in too great plenty, whence the Stomach being stretch't very big, returns over-slowly and difficultly to its folding together, and in the mean while suffers a grievous sense of weight and heaviness.

10. This Diminish't Expulsion happens by fault of the Ventricle slowly and constantly, when the Sto­mach is either lank, according to its membranous substance, by the too much and daily use of watry things, clean Water, especially cold Beer, very moi­stening and cooling Decoctions, &c. or becoms weak in its Fibres, by reason of very cold Drink, or stu­pifying Medicins, stopping the passage of the Animal Spirits to the Ven [...]ricle, or thickning them there, or coagulating them, or otherwise making them sluggish and u [...]profitable.

11. The Expulsion of the Food out of the Stomach is sooner than it ought, because it is stirred up by the fault of the Stomach it self, or of Food, or of other Humors carri'd to the Stomach.

12. This Irritation (or stirring up) is by the fault of the Stomach, when it is either Inflam'd, or Exco­riated, or Exulcerated, whence it is forth-with pro­vok'd to contract it self, and expel what is in it by any Food, though most temperat and friendly, and taken in a moderat or little quantity.

13. This same Irritation is by the fault of the Food, when it is either sharp, or at least sauc'd with sharp things.

14. Last of all, the Irritation of the Stomach coms by the fault of other Humors, when Humors or at least sharp Vapors slide down from the Head, and are swallow'd, or rise up from the Guts (even while the Food is Fermenting) to the Stomach, and gnaw it with their Acrimonie, and stir it up to fold toge­ther, and to expel the Food contain'd either up or down.

15. We intend to treat of Vomiting, or the De­prav'd Expulsion of what is in the Stomach upward by the Mouth, seeing more things are to be consider'd about it in the next Chapter.

16. The Expulsion of Food to the Guts Abolish't or Diminish't, is to be Cur'd, 1. By promoting the thrusting forward and descent of what is in the Sto­mach, using somtimes by spoonfuls the Oil of sweet Almonds or Olives, wherby the Food becoms more Fluid, and the Pylorus is easier and more open'd to give it way to go out.

17. 2. If it much press and trouble the Stomach, and that the strength of him so affected be sufficient, by stirring him up somtimes to Vomit, with the Fin­ger put into the Throat, or a Feather moistned with Oil, and also compressing the Belly, that so what is eaten may th [...] more easily be sent back, and driven up, especially things that are liquid and to be Drunk: [Page 43]It will be better, 3. to hasten the Solution and Fer­mentation of what is Eaten, (seeing it is not easily vomited up alone) with such things as are spiritous, and abound with volatil Salt, or with Aromatics, by which afterward they may be sent down, or up as the matter requires.

18. 4. Diligently bewaring from any farther cramming in of much Food.

19. 5. By strengthning the weak Stomach with Aromatics mixt with lively Wine, or its Spirit.

20. 6. By abstaining from things that are very watry, chiefly actually cold or chill; and instead here­of using spiritous and little Drink, as Spanish, Canary, or any other strong Wine.

21. 7. By restoring the sluggish and stupefi'd Ani­mal Spirits, by a Medicinal Wine, or its Spirit in­fus'd in Aromatic Plants, and often us'd in a small quantity.

22. The Cure of the Inflammation and Excoriation of the Stomach, may be known by the general Trea­tise of those Diseases hereafter to be given.

23. Over-sharp Food is to be shun'd, at least tem­per'd; and instead thereof, sweet and mild things are to be us'd.

24. The Cure of sharp Humors is partly given alrea­dy, and shall be more known anon.

CHAP. IX. Of Loathing, Belching, and Vomiting.

1. IN perfect Health, and a natural State, nothing at all is wont to be driven forward out of the Stomach by the Gullet; so that whatsoever rises that way, gives us a certain sign of Health weakned, whether it be Food, or any other thing ascends in the form of a Rifting, Wind, Vapor, or a more fluid or thick Liquor, and is expell'd by the Mouth.

2. Where any thing breaks up in the kind of a Rift, or a Vapor, with noise, it is properly call'd a Belch and that avoided Belching; as, where Food or any Humors are driven forward up out of the Sto­mach, a Vomit.

3. A Loathing is wont to precede a Vomiting al­ways, and often a Belching, or an inclination less or less to a vomiting, although that endeavouring to Vomit be somtimes in vain.

4. Rifts, because of the toughness of their Mat­ter, do cleave more to the Ventricle, and are more hardly excluded, whence often a swelling of the Sto­mach, and troublesom distension accompanies them; which ceases, or is eas'd after the Wind is belch't. But Vapors and Rifts do more easily break out of the Stomach, and but seldom give a notable sound, but only an hissing, whilst Belches are often loud enough, and make a sound more or less strong, according to the more or less viscidity of their Matter.

5. Belches have their rise, either, 1. from Food it self, or other windy things taken, as Chesnuts, Pease, [Page 45]Beans, Turneps, Radishes, &c. Or, 2. from a Phlegmatic and Viscous Humor, both cleaving in the Stomach, and rarefi'd into Wind by Aromatics taken, and also found in the small Gut, and in like manner turn'd into Wind by Choler, and driven forward to the Stomach.

6. That Choler, as consisting of a volatil and oily Salt, is the internal efficient Cause of Wind, both every volatil Salt, and especially oily, and also every part of Plants fit for discussing Wind, Seeds chiefly us'd by any that has viscous Phlegm in the Stomach or Guts, and in the beginning raising or encreasing Wind, and at length dissipating them, do confirm.

7. That the material Cause of the same Vapors, is a Phlegmatic and indeed Viscous Humor, is manifest both by their Antecedent Causes, such like Food, Sweet Milk, Fishes, and especially Sea-Fish; the ex­treme parts of Creatures, as their Feet, which con­tain a viscous Jelly, &c. And also by their Cure, by only correcting and educing the Phlegmatic and Viscous Humor, which is wont to be perform'd safe­ly and happily.

8. As in a Belch Wind only, so in Vomiting either Food, and that somtimes Crude, other-times more or less fermented; or manifold Humors, as Watry, Serous, Phlegmatic, Melancholic, &c. Thin or Thick, White, Yellow, Green, Ceruleous, Black, &c. Insi­pid, Bitter, Sowr, Sharp, Sweet, somtimes mixt; Stinking, or without sm [...]ll; Acrimonious, or mild: Son times Blood, or also Matter; and somtimes Ex­crements returning to the Stomach, are cast out som­times casilier, other-times more difficultly by the Gullet and Mouth.

9. All Vomiting follows the Stomach, either pri­marily [Page 46]or secondarily affected, with its contracting Motion turn'd upward from its lower part.

10. The Stomach is affected primarily, when the Cause of Vomiting is only in it, and by its contra­cting Motion turn'd; As, secondarily, when the Stomach is drawn by consent of other parts first affe­cted, and is provok'd to turn its contracting Moti­on; whether this be by the contracting motion of the Guts also either wholly or in part chang'd; whether this happen by the Midrif, together with the Mus­cles of the Belly vehemently shak'd, and that upward in a grievous Cough.

11. The Stomach is primarily affected to Vomit; 1. when it is I [...]flam'd, Excoriated, or Exulcerated; for then it's easily stirr'd up by any Food to any sort of its violent Contraction, and so to turning of its Motion. 2. When Food is taken in plenty, and chiefly troublesom and grievous to the Stomach in its quality, and therefore urging it to its preternatural contraction, and so to the casting out of what is in it. 3. When sharp Humors slide down from the Head into the Stomach, and stir it up, and even com­pel it to contract it self perversly, by corroding and gnawing it about its lower Orifice.

12. The Stomach is drawn to consent, and com­pell'd to Vomit, by the contracting Motion of the Guts wholly chang'd, in that most grievous Disease call'd Ileos, in which somtimes also Clysters given are again cast forth by the Mouth.

13. Vomiting is often rais'd by the same Motion only in part chang'd, both in the Disease call'd Cho­lera; and also in any other vitious thrusting upward the Humors, raising an Effervescency in the small Gut; and also what the Excrements descent is hindred, and in the regress and ascent thereof following.

14. It is most certainly known, that Vomiting of­ten rises in a vehement Cough, and strong shaking of the Midrif, a patent contraction of the Muscles of the Belly happening; which we think is by a conjoin'd compression then of all the Bowels contain [...]d in the Belly made upward toward the Breast, and exceedingly vex­ing the Stomach it self with what is in it, and urging it to change its natural Motion.

15. The Breeding and Cure of the Inflammation, Excoriation, and Exulceration of the Stomach, is to be requir'd of the General Treatise of those Diseases to be given in their proper place.

16. A Vomiting rais'd by what is Taken in, is for the most part quieted of its own accord, when it is cast out, and represt by the use of a few Aromatics and Opiats, and so Cur'd. For Example;

℞. Mint-Water ℥ ii. Tincture of Cinamon ʒ ii. Laudanum Gr. ii. Syr. of Mint ℥ ss. M.

Let the Sick take one Spoonful in short spaces be­tween, and the Vomiting will soon cease.

17. Sharp Humors sliding from the Head into the Stomach, are thence to be remov'd with Purgers, often mention'd; or to be corrected with things that alter and temper the hurtful Acrimonie.

18. The same standing in the Head, are either to be temper'd there, or purg'd out by the Nostrils, or other most convenient ways, even universal, with Me­dicins often nam'd.

19. Of the other Diseases drawing the Stomach in­to Consent, we intend to speak here after.

20. A bloody Vomiting rising by Blood flowing out of the Vessels of the Stomach, or Guts broken, or corroded may be Cur'd, the Vessels being again clos'd) by the following Mixture, profitable also in other exeretions of Blood.

℞. Plantane-Water ℥ ii. Cinamon-water ʒ vi. di­still'd Vinegar ℥ ss. Red Coral prepar'd ʒ ss. Dragon's-Blood ℈ ss. Laudanum ii. Gr. Syr. of Mirtle ℥ i. M.

This Mixture often taken by Spoonfuls, will cure the most ruptions of Vessels, and will soon stop the flux of Blood, beyond the expectation of many.

21. Blood gathered together in the Stomach, is al­most of its own accord sent down by Stool, when its Efflux and Vomiting is supprest. Which if there be any fear of Blood coagulated too much, add to the aforesaid Mixture of Crabs-Eys ʒ ss. as also Dia­phonetic Antimonie ℈ i. and use it as aforesaid.

22. The Vomiting of Matter, when it almost fol­lows the Inflammation of the Pancreas, or any Part near it, or a notable Ʋlcer, whencesoever it rises, will wholly be Cur'd, if the Primary Disease be first Cur'd, which is to be requir'd from what follows; and in the mean while often use the Mixture con­taining Diaphoretic Antimonie, and Crabs-Eys; it will morover be commodious to take a drop of the Balsam of Sulphur with Anise-Oil in any Liquor, and then to temper Matter, then to fence, yea, heal the Part primarily affected against any other harm.

23. The Breeding and Belching of Wind may be Cur'd; 1. by shunning Phlegmatic and windy Food, so call'd. 2. By cutting, and after that, by carrying out the v [...]scous Phlegm in the Body. 3. By tempering Choler, if it be over-sharp. 4. By Discussing Wind al­ready bred and troublesom.

24. Acids, and all Aromatics, and such as are en­du'd with a Volatil Salt, often mention'd, do cut viscous Phlegm.

25. Phlegmagogues describ'd in several places of this Work emptie the same.

26. In this case, Spirit of Salt Nitre taken to two or three drops in a convenient mixture, or ordinary Drink, before all others doth best temper Choler too sharp.

27. Most Aromatics discuss Wind, from which Oils may be distill'd from Seeds, especially Flowers and Rinds. Spirit of Nitre bears the praise before all, every way useful, seeing it corrects both Phlegm and Choler, and hinders Wind in its rise, and di [...]sipates it when it is bred.

28. To curb and discuss Wind remaining as well in the Stomach as Guts, the following exemplary Mixture may conduce and serve for Students-sake.

℞. Mint, Fenel-Water, of each ℥ ii. Spirit of Wine rectifi'd, or Aqua Vitae of Matthiolus, or our Carminative Spirit ℥ i. best Spirit of Nitre 20 drops, Laudanum 3 Gr. distill'd Oil of Mace 6 drops, Syr. of Mint ℥ i. ss. M.

Let this Mixture be taken by Spoonfuls often, or more slowly, as Pains or Stretchings do more or less urge.

29. Because we have here mention'd our Carmi­native Spirit, we not unwillingly communicate its Description to Younger Physicians, seeing we have often experienc'd its great Vertues with much pro [...] to our Patients this many years.

The Carminative Spirit of Sylvius.

℞. Angelica-Root ʒ i. Masterwort, Galangal-Root, of each ʒ i. ss. Rosmarie, Sweet-Marjoran, Gar­den-Rue, Basil-Leavs, the tops of Centaurie the lest, of each M. ss. Bay-Berries ʒ iii. Ange­lica, Lovage, Anise-Seeds, of each ℥ ss. Ginger, Nutmegs, Mace, of each ʒ i. ss. Cinamon ʒ vi. [Page 50] Cloves, Orange-peel, of each ʒ i. These being cut and grosly beaten, pour thereon Spirit of Malaga, or Spanish-Wine ℥ XL.

Digest them two days in M. B. and Still them dry. Whatsoever ascends let be poured upon the Mass, di­gest it two days, and then Still three parts of four. Keep the Spirit distill'd for your use.

30. If any will, he may pour upon what remains common Spirit of Wine, but rectifi'd ℥ xx. and distil it after two dayes digestion, as long as a strong Spirit comes away, which may be kept a-part, as weaker than the former, but of much vertue to discuss Wind; if, as is here done, it be join'd to convenient Mixtures, or sweetned with Sugar dissolv'd in Rose or Fenel-Water, and us'd more pure and potent.

CHAP. X. Of the Separation of Chyle from the Excrements deprav'd.

1. AS all Food needs not to be finisht with usual Fermentation in the Stomach, to wit, Drink either Watry or Spiritous, or enough fermented before, but chiefly that which is viscous, and hath its parts e­ver-closly connext; such as are most Meats, especially solid, and among them Bread a little or nothing lea­ven'd; so the Parts of Food which are profitable to nourish the Body somtimes of their own accord, at least more easily, other-times more difficultly, and not with­out thy help of another, do they separate from the rest of the Parts, being many, rising most commonly from Meat, which are again sent out by Stool, as un­fit [Page 51]to refresh the Body, after some stay in the thick Guts.

2. The Food therefore being Fermented in the Stomach, and sent into the Guts, Choler, and the Juice of the Pancreas, and Spittle also constantly swallow'd, are mixt there for the most part four sin­gers breadth below the Pylorus, which Spittle stays but a little while in an healthy Stomach, and void of Food, and hastens suddenly to the Guts, and together with the aforesaid Humors, if I may speak safely in Helmont's terms, exercises a very notable Triumvirate, or three-fold sway in the oeconomie of Man's Body.

3. These three being rightly constituted, it's ob­serv'd that the separation of the liquid and whitish Part from the thicker Part follows this mingling, and gets a divers colour and consistency, according to the diversity of Food, or Medicins us'd toge­ther.

4. The tender, fluid, and whitish Part we call, by way of excellency, Chyle, which goes forward through the spungy Crust of the Guts, the Lacteal Veins, and Thoracic Passage to the Heart, to get the Form of Blood; whilst the thick, solid and diversly colour'd part of Food is thrust down to the great Guts, in which it gets the name and form of Excre­ments.

5. We give the priority to Choler in the promotion of this Separation, in as much as it mildly cuts the viscous parts of Food by its volatil and oily Salt, and frees the Fluid parts from them, and makes these more fluid, yea flowing.

6. To Spittle we ascribe, that by its promoting the Fermentation of Food more and more, and by diminishing the viscidity thereof, it makes it all more fit for its desir'd Separation.

7. Lastly, We judg that the Juice of the Pancreas, by its somwhat acid Spirit, does more potently loosen the same obstinate Viscidity of Food, and gives occa­sion also by compelling its most viscous parts of flowing together with the more fluid parts, and presently to flow through.

8. These three-fold Humors are requir'd to per­form such a benefit to Man's Food being temper'd according to their convenient manner, and degree for this Work.

9. The chief part of which Choler consists, is thought by me to be a lixivial Salt, temper'd as well by a volatil Spirit, as Oil.

10. And the chief Part constituting the Juice of the Pancreas, seems to me to be an Acid Spirit tem­per'd, especially with a volatil Spirit.

11. Although the most part of Spittle be de­servedly judg'd Water, yet is it not that which chiefly promotes the Separation of Chyle, but both the Acid Spirit, and Lixivial Salt temper'd together in it by a volatil Spirit.

12. Although I think that more do concur in the making of all these afore-nam'd Liquors, yet do I judg that the parts newly mention'd are the chief in performing this present Separation.

13. As often therefore as one, or two, or all of these three Humors are ill-order'd, so often the Sepa­ration of Chyle from the Excrements will be vitious; which also may follow the fault of Food ill-fermen­ted.

14. The same Separation is accounted to be de­prav'd; 1. when there is none, and although the Food be fermented, and brought to the consistency and form of a Pultis, it is by degrees driven forward whitish through the Guts, not colour'd with any [Page 53]yellowness of Choler, the Leanness of the Universal Body concurring, and a notable decay of all the strength, which is in the first kind of the Disease call'd Caeliac, which for distinction-sake we call the Jaundice-like Flux in the thirteenth Chapter of this Book.

15. The same Separation is deprav'd. 2. when it is more sparingly and Diminisht, at least different in de­gree from the now-mention'd kind; wherein the Excrements do indeed keep the consistency of a Pul­tis, and come forth more or less colour'd, the Body also pining slowly, and its strength languishing.

16. The same Separation is deprav'd, 3. when that which is unfit, and therefore hurtful, being sepa­rated from the dreggish part of the Food, goes forward together with Chyle to the Blood; which whether any call it Encreast or Deprav'd, I think there is no matter, if it be clear about the thing it self, so that thence a convenient Cure may be instituted.

17. The Separation of Chyle from the Excrements is Abolisht, either by the fault of Food not agreeing with the peculiar Constitution of him that takes it in, or otherwise vitiously fermented, or of the Hu­mors mention'd Choler, the Juice of the Pancreas, or Spittle.

18. Food that is incongruous or much loath'd, as it will not easily be fermented, so neither will it suffer it self to be separated afterward into useful and un­useful parts.

19. The best Food also, and that which agrees and is most grateful to every one, if upon any account whatsoever it remain crude, and be not prepar'd to the separation of its parts that ought to be in the Fermentation, then the Separation of Chyle from its Excrements will be expected in vain.

20. Although the most volatil and spiritous, toge­ther with the watry Parts, do perhaps separate of their own accord, from the rest of the Food fermented as it ought, and may be strain'd through into the Lacte­al (or Milkie) Veins, yet the Oily, Saltish, Acid, Earthy, and other parts also useful and necessary to nourish the Body, need a farther and new preparation before they can leave the over-viscous, tart, and other parts less fit to nourish the Body well.

21. This Separation will be wanting as often as the volatil Salt of Choler is sluggish, or Choler is not carri'd down to the Guts; either of which has place in the Jaundice, wherein the Excrements use to come away whitish and not colour'd.

22. The Volatil Salt of Choler is sluggish, by reason of very viscous Food and also fat, yea somtimes spiri­tous, and also Spirit of Wine; the abuse whereof the Jaundice, as well as the Ascites Dropsie common­ly follows. Which will be sooner and more potent­ly, if Medicins, or rather Poison that breaks the vo­latil Salt of Choler, were taken in or receiv'd from without.

23. Choler is not carri'd down to the Guts, either when it is obstructed, by turning into Stones, or a stony Crust, or by viscous Phlegm in the passage thereof in­to the Guts.

24. That Viscous Phlegm may be mixt with Choler, and cleaving by degrees more and more to the Pas­sage, may at length obstruct it wholly; or being carri'd together with the Juice of the Pancreas in the concourse of the Passage of both Choler and the Pan­creas, and stop the Out-let of Choler especially, be­ing less potent to cut it; or being in the small Gut, stops the same Orifice, denying passage to Choler.

25. I cannot think this Separation of Chyle can [Page 55]be destroi'd by the Juice of the Pancreas alone, or Spit­tle vitiated; although I may judg that defect may be promoted by their viscidity and sluggishness, and that Separation somtimes be Diminisht.

26. The toughness and sluggishness of the Juice of the Pancreas, as also of Spittle is to be requir'd from the over-much and prolong'd use of Viscous Food, and chiefly Sea-Fish, and Bread not enough bak'd, or leaven'd, or boild, as in Puddings, and other things very fat, &c.

27. The common cause of Separation of the Use­ful, from the unuseful Parts of Food Diminisht, is Choler descending over-slowly or sparingly to the small Gut, for the Causes newly mention'd, or lighter.

28. If any say those contrary to the aforesaid are the Causes of Separation Deprav'd or Encreas'd, he will not easily be deceiv'd. For, 1. Food that most agrees with the Constitution of every one, and is more greedily desir'd before others, will be fermen­ted easilier, sooner, and more, and therefore will afford more of its Chyle than is wont.

29. The same, if they be of a wholly laudable Juice, will scarce harm the Body, unless a Plethora and an Athletic Habit be thence fear'd.

30. The same, if they be of a less laudable Juice, will easily bring on a Cachexy; neither will the contain­ing Body then be nourisht conveniently, or the Strength refresht, which we think consists for the most part in the things contain'd. Hence we judg it is, that somtimes many both desire and digest much, and less laudable Food, and in the mean time by degrees grow lean and defective, or are Ca­chectic.

31. 2. Food that is of an indifferent Nature, [Page 56]that is, not less containing excrementitious, than nou­rishing Parts, and either taken in a less quantity, or more sparingly, or fermented more potently by the help of some Sauce or Medicin us'd, will yield its Li­quid, and also Excrementitious Parts easier, and also more plentifully, to be strein'd and carri'd through towards the Heart together with Chyle, and hence gives occasion to vitiate Nourishment any way.

32. 3. Choler sharper than natural, will loosen and receive more of the Food than ought, though well fermented; whence any may see that the Chyle will also be less laudable.

33. 4. I judg the Spittle, or Phlegm that rises from it, or the Juice of the Pancreas can produce this evil so far, as they abounding with a Volatil Spirit, do more, and so too much ferment the Food suffici­ently fermented in the Stomach, whil'st it is carri'd through the Guts; and so give occasion to separate useful and also hurtful parts together with laudable Chyle, and to be carri'd into the Lacteal Veins.

34. But here is a greater Hurt to be expected, when Choler, or Spittle, or the Juice of the Pancreas only are peccant; and a lesser when they are all peccant, because then they almost mutually temper them­selves.

35. The Abolisht Separation of Chyle may be Cur'd, that rises by fault of Food it self, or Fermentation, in their Amendment, of which before.

36. The same arising from the sluggishness of Cha­ler may be Cur'd, by often using a sharp Volatil Salt, prepar'd of whatsoever, as the sharp Aromatic Plants, Scurvie Grass, Cresses, Mustard, Horse-Radish, &c. whereby both the viscidity of Choler is corrected, and its Acrimonie restor'd to the Salt.

37. The same arising from Choler not carri'd down to [Page 57]the Guts may be Cur'd; 1. By Dissolving Choler turn'd into Stones, by the Juice of Grass, and especially by the Spirit of Nitre that dissolves any Stones, &c. 2. By cutting Phlegm, obstructing the passage of Cho­ler into the Gut, by what is already mention'd, and any thing else before commended, both Acids, and also such things as have a Fixt or Volatil Salt, whe­ther alone or mixt; such as are the vitriolated Salt of Tartar, Salt Armoniac, &c.

38. The farther use of Viscous Food is to be desisted from, and instead of Sauce, use often the newly mention'd Aromaties, Mustard, Horse-Radish, and such like, whereby the over-viscous Phlegm, where­ever it be, may by degrees be corrected.

39. Volatil Salts taken for a space at Dinner, or Supper, in Wine, or other Drink, will do the same no less succesfully, as we have often said.

40. The Separation of Chyle Diminisht may be Cur'd the same way, and by the same means, and that easier.

41. Lastly, The Separation of Food Encreast or Deprav'd may be Cur'd; 1. By taking Food more diffi­cult to Ferment; at least in a more than usual plenty, if it be of easie Fermentation; and then abstaining carefully from Sauces that promote Fermentation, and rather using certain things that hinder it, Coral, Chalk, &c.

42. Over-sharp Choler may be potently temper'd with any sowr, and chiefly tart thing, as Verjuice, the Juice of Barberies, Pomegranats, &c. As also viscous things, both Food, Fishes, especially Sea-Fish; and also Medicins, Sweet-Almonds, and also their Emulsion, &c.

43. Spittle, or the Juice of the Pancreas, abounding with Volatil Spirit, if here peccant, may be amend­ed [Page 58]by abstaining from the plentiful use of strong Drink, and abounding with a Volatil Spirit, and substituting in its place more watry and somwhat tart, unless any thing else hinder.

CHAP. XI. Of the Vitious Effervescency of Choler, and the Juice of the Pancreas; together with Phlegm continually rais'd in the small or thin Gut.

1. CHoler and the Juice of the Panereas do not on­ly, flow together into the small Gut, when the Food fermented is driven forward out of the Sto­mach to the Guts; but continually, and so also at that time are they carri'd thither, when no Food is taken in or carri'd down to the Guts, and of necessity they stir up an Effervescency in their Concourse there, for the somwhat contrary disp [...]sition of their Parts, mild and friendly to Nature in H [...]alth, that is, as long as both is well dispos'd and temper'd; but vitious and hurtful where either, or both of them is intempe­rate and over-sharp.

2. Because that Phlegm is always observ'd accord­ing to Nature to reside in the small Gut, and to rise from Spittle continually swallow'd down, upon which account the aforesaid Effervescency is somwhat chang'd: I take it, that in that Conflux of these two Humors the more fluid part of Phlegm adhering to the sides of the small Gut is dissolv'd, and that the same being join'd with the most part of Choler, and [Page 59] the Juice of the Pancreas encreasing, pierces into the Lacteal Veins to the Heart, whilst the tougher and more viscous part of the same Phlegm, with some part of the other Humors also viscous, goes by degrees to the thick Gut; and being there mixt with the Excre­ments, makes them more viscous and yellow.

3. This Three-fold Humor rising from Choler, the Juice of the Pancreas, and the Phlegm of Spittle, and hasting with the Lympha to the Heart, seems to me to give the natural Consistency and Coagulation to the Blood; as I judg the natural consistency of Blood, how­soever vitiated, for the most part to be attributed to the same three-fold Humor variously vitiated.

4. Therefore I am perswaded that the Effervescen­cy is rais'd up by this Conflux of these three Hu­mors, because I do not only judg it may be con­cluded, that the Juice of the Pancreas is sowr, by di­vers Diseases befalling Man unnaturally, but that same is most abundantly evinc'd by the industry of the most ingenious Anatomist, (Regnerus de Graaf) my most Beloved Scholar; as is manifest by his Dissertation of the Nature and Ʋse of the Juice of the Pancreas, a year since in this University publickly disputed, I being President.

5. It is impossible that such Juice of the Pancreas, which is, any manner or degree sowr should mix with Choler, abounding with a bitter and volatil Salt, but presently an Effervescency should be rais'd thence, which may be confirm'd with infinite Examples to be had from Chymistry and elsewhere.

6. That this Effervescency in time of Health is very mild, is even manifest, because it is not per­ceiv'd in healthy People; which notwithstanding is often so manifest and hainous in Sick People, that it bewrays it self by Gnawings, Distensions, Gripes, [Page 60]Coldness, Heat, Belchings, &c. both in the Region of the Loins, and in the left Hypochondrium, and also somtimes in all the Belly.

7. Which aforesaid Effervescency is many ways vi­tious; 1. Because of over-sharp and saltish-Choler; whence I am perswaded that Thirst for the most part is Encreast, and the Diarrhea most commonly takes its rise.

8. 2. Because of Choler fatter than natural, whence I take it, that the Heat in the Region of the Loins on­ly, or besides in the whole Body is produc'd.

9. 3. Because of the over-Acidity and Acrimony of the Juice of the Pancreas; whence other things being alike, I judg that coldness is stirr'd up most commonly in the mention'd Region of the Loins, and afterward distributed into the whole Body; which is manifest in the beginning of almost every Intermitting Feaver.

10. 4. Because of the Juice of the Pancreas Tart and harsh, to which I ascribe the rising of such-like Vapors, producing the Hypochondriac Suffocation, and also of Pains wonderfully racking and contorting the Guts.

11. 5. Because of over-viscous Phlegm, from which such-like Wind is wont to be bred, distending the Guts and Ventricle, or more-over other parts, chiefly when Choler is over-sharp; or otherwise the Blood is made tough and viscous, known by the name of Melancholic.

12. Where Choler and the Juice of the Pancre­as are both peccant in their proper Acrimonie, most grievous pains are stirr'd up in the small Gut, and the Disease Cholera or Dysenterie, &c. do often couple them, and almost always an inordinate Feaver; about all which we intend to speak in their proper place.

13. Where moreover Phlegm is very viscous, or otherwise vitious, there the rise of the Diseases, Suffocation, or Hypochondriac Melancholy, the Scurvy, Cholic, and other such-like Diseases more grievous, daily manifests it self now in this or that, and commonly in a changable form.

14. Of the almost innumerable Diseases that rise from the vitious Effervescency of these three Humors flowing together in the small Gut, we may Treat al­most through the whole Practice of Physick, seeing the most depend on it.

15. For by this vitiated mingling, not only hurt­ful Humors are produc'd, but often Wind, Vapors, or ill-Rifts, causing much hurt to Man.

16. Therefore it concerns, that every Physician should search out and inquire diligently as, the Mat­ter concerns, the Nature and Qualities (both Natu­ral, and Temperate, and also Preternatural, and changing from its proper temper, which causes infi­nite harm to Man) of these three Humors.

17. The Effects and Diseases proceeding from this vitious Effervescency are most moted and daily, although the reason and rise of them for the most part is unknown to us.

18. Over-sharp Choler follows; 1. Over-sharp Food, at least sauc'd with sharp and very aromatical things. 2. Summer-Air, or hot, by any other Cause. 3. An over-vehement Motion of the Body. 4. Over­long Watches. 5. Frequent Anger and Cares. 6. Over­costivness.

19. Choler over-fat is chiefly caus'd by such-like Food plentifully us'd, Oil, Butter, &c. as also by Medicins Aromatical, very oily too often, and long us'd, distil'd Oils, as also by the Spirit of Wine, espe­cially prepar'd with oily things, as that with Anise-Seeds, &c.

20. The exceeding Acidity of the Juice of t [...] Pan­creas, arises, 1. by such-like Food, Sauces or Medi­cins us'd too much, too often, or too long. 2. By Winter-Air too cold, or at least too sharp. 3. By Fear and any Sorrow, or grievous Solicitude of Mind. 4. By continuing Watches, which consume the Ani­mal Spirits, and by consequence increase the Acri­mony of any Humors. 5. By a continu'd and vehe­ment Motion of Body, exhausting those Spirits. 6. By Costivness.

21. The tartness of the Juice of the Pancreas arises especially from such-like Food, or rather Sauces, or Medicins, and unripe Fruits ill us'd, Apples, Pears, Medlars, Chesnuts, Olives, Verjuice, &c. as also from grievous Sorrow continuing long, chiefly join'd with Solicitude.

22. Phlegm over-viscous ows it rise, 1. to such-like Food, especially Sea-Fish. 2. To moist, cloudy, soaking Air. 3. To an idle Life, and without cares, with much Sleep. 4. To rest and sluggishness of Body. 5. To a fearful and sluggish Mind. 6. To the slow voiding of most Excrements.

23. Every mention'd vitious Effervescency of the three-fold Humors may be Cur'd, by correcting or purging out its Internal Cause, and shunning or amending the External Cause; diligently considering whether one only, or more together be peccant.

24. Those things which correct over-sharp Choler, are propos'd in Chap. 1. Sect. 11, &c. Those things that evacuate it, Chap. 2. Sect. 41, &c.

25. Choler fatter than ought is Corrected, both by abstaining from the use of Fat things, and by often using Acids, but more temperate, chiefly to season Food, to wit, the Juice of Citrons, Oranges, sowr Pomegranates, Barberies, Currans, Verjuice; or by [Page 63]mixing some of them with Ordinary Drink, and especially the Spirit of Salt, or Nitre dulcifi'd, &c.

26. Those things that diminish and temper the over-acid Juice of the Pancreas, may be requir'd from Chap. 2. Sect. 17, &c. of this Book.

27. I have found hitherto, that when it is too tart, it is Corrected with Spirit of Salt Armoniac, and any other Volatil Salt, especially if Oily, be­fore any other things, often us'd at any time in Wine, or any other convenient Liquor.

28. The same being Corrected and Temper'd, is Evacuated commodiously with Hydragogues, of which we have spoken Chap. 7. Sect. 53, &c.

29. Several things do amend viscous Phlegm, of which we have spoken Chap. 2. Sect. 28, &c.

30. Phlegmagogues educe the same, which we have noted there, Sect. 29, 33, &c.

31. The Physician sooner forbids, than the Sick shuns the External Causes; and is to be admonisht of the Physician, that he blame not him afterward for the continuance of the Disease.

32. Those Non-natural Things not naturally e­nough occurring, which cannot be shun'd wholly, ought to be Corrected as much as can be, Food espe­cially by convenient Sauces, and such as do amend its Hurt, often mention'd here and else-where.

33. The Air, if it be hot, should be temper'd with clean Water, cooling Plants, so call'd, or their Decoctions, Vinegar, and such-like; if moist and cloudy, it should be Corrected with a clear Fire, and Aromatic Plants.

34. Let Watches be moderate, according to every one's Constitution.

35. So let the Motion of the Body be mean.

36. Let the Mind be free from all grievous Passi­ons, at least let it be freed from it, as much as can be; which is never obtain'd by Medicins, always by the power and weight of Reasons whencesoever drawn; for which therfore, a prudent and skilful Physician is no less us'd than a Divine, a Counsellor of Law, or an Orator, as the Instruments not only useful, but even necessary to restore the lost Health of Man.

37. The Body, as much as can conveniently be, should be kept or made Lax, both by Food agreeing most to every one's peculiar Constitution, and also somtimes by Medicins that are call'd Looseners, Prunes, Currans, Creme of Tartar, the solutive Sirup of Roses, and such like.

38. The Body also may be kept open, both by so­liciting it by a Suppositorie of boild Hony, and Sea-Salt, or Salt-Gem, or of a piece of Roch-Alume, being out into a long piece, and anointed with some Oil; also by an Emollient Clyster given, which more-over discusses Wind; The form whereof let this or such like be.

℞. Marsh-mallow Root ʒ ii. Mallow-Leaves, Meli­lot-Tops, of each M. i. Boil them in Barley-Water, strain ℥ viii. in which dissolve the Catholic-Ele­ctuary, or solutive Diaprunus, or Laxative Be­nedictus ℥ i. Oil of Roses, or of white Lilies ℥ ss. M. for a Clyster, to be given at any time, and kept in the Body half an hour or thereabout.

CHAP. XII. Of the Propulsion and Expulsion through the Guts, of what is contain'd in them deprav'd, and in particular of a Costive-Body.

1. BOth Food prepar'd in the Stomach, and Spittle continually swallow'd down, and hence car­ri'd through the Stomach to the Guts, and Choler out of its Bag by its passage into the Gut, and the Juice of the Pancreas through its proper Passage, hasting to the Gut, and the Mixture made of all these, are to be driven forward yet through the long Fistula of the Guts, till the useful Parts being sent all over through the Lacteal Vessels to nourish each Body, the unuseful Parts, known by the name of Excrements, are at length Expell'd and Voided by Stool.

2. This Propulsion and Expulsion of the various things contain'd in the Guts, as well according to as against Nature, is deprav'd many ways; whilst 1. it happens too slowly or sparingly; or, 2. when it is too quick, often, or plentiful; or, 3. when it is finisht with Pain or Vexings; or, 4. done an unusual way.

3. It haps too slowly or sparingly, when the Body is more or less Costive.

4. It happens too quickly, often, or plentifully in any Loosness.

5. It is done with Pain in Gripes of the Belly, the Colie, Dysenterie, Tenesinus, &c.

6. It is perform'd by an unusual way in the Disease [Page 66]Cholera, Ileos, and other Vomitings caus'd by the Guts, as also in Wounds and Ʋlcers piercing through the Tunicles of the Guts.

7. We reduce as well an over-slow Propulsion of what is contain'd, as the too seldom and sparing Ex­pulsion thereof through the Fundament, to an over-costive Body, of which we intend to speak in this Chapter.

8. The Propulsion of what is contain'd, proceeds too sl [...]wly, and hence is their Expulsion through the Guts too seldom, when the Excrements are voided in the second, third, or fourth day, or slower, which should be daily at least once.

9. Which falls out, because what is contain'd and driven forward, is too viscous, or too much hardned or dry'd.

10. The things contain'd, owe their viscousness t [...] the Non natural Things mention'd in the former Chapter.

11. But their hardness, both to such-like Food, Bone-like, and Gr [...]slish, and also too tart Wind, yielding a firmer Consistency to what is contain'd.

12. They have their driness because of Chyle over-plentifully made, and somtimes by reason of too little Drink us'd with much Bread.

13. The Excrements move too sparingly, because some part of them is separated and driven forward into the Lacteal Veins, together with Chyle, of which fault we spoke in Chap. 10. or they are excluded by another and undecent way, as well in a Vomiting pre­ternatural, having its rise from the Guts, as in a W und or notable Ʋlcer of the Guts.

14. The most things that conduce to cure this Dis­ease are propos'd before, especially such things as a­gree to [...]nd the vis [...]usn [...]ss of Humors and Vapors.

15. Besides a Clyster of warm Cows Milk, and a little Honey, given and retain'd for some space con­duces much to soften the hard Excrements, and to dis­solve those that are too viscous; for so the Excrements that are softned, are not only carri'd out, but Wind also is invited to an easie Out-let, or at least dispos'd to cease.

16. The Clyster also prescrib'd in the former Chap­ter, may be given to loosen the Body; or a conve­nient Suppositorie given, as we have noted there of Alume, which I prefer before all others.

CHAP. XIII. Of a Loosness.

1. AS often as the Propulsion of what is contain'd in the Guts, and their Expulsion happens quicker, and especially oft'ner, or more plentifully than is wont and ought, so often one is said to be troubled with a Loosness.

2. A Loosness is distinguisht into divers sorts, and specially by reason of the different thing voided. For, 1. somtimes Food it self is voided, Meat and Drink, crude, and unchang'd, and as they were, if not when taken in at the Mouth, then as swallow'd down the Gullet, in the Disease call'd Lienteria.

3. 2. Somtimes the same Food is sent out, fer­mented and duly chang'd in the Stomach, but not Separated in the Guts into Chyle, and Excrements, but are Pultis-like and whitish, such as those that have the Jaundice do often void; whence I may say, and not foolishly, that this Loosness may be call'd, [Page 68]a Loosness belonging to the Jaundice, to wit, one kind of the Disease call'd Caeliaca.

4. 3. Somtimes Food both fermented, and se­ver'd into Chyle and Excrements, though as yet con­fus'd together are voided, in the other kind of the Disease Caeliaca; which, for distinction-sake, we name the Chyle-like Loosness.

5. 4. Somtimes not the Food only, but watrish and choleric Humors are often or plentifully voided in a Diarrhea or Choleric Leosness thence call'd.

6. 5. Somtimes Phlegmatic Humors, thick and viscous are frequently and plentifully voided in a Phlegmatic Diarrhea thence call'd; other-times small and serous, milder or sharper in the Serous Loosness thence call'd.

7. 6. Somtimes fat and oily Excrements are voided, in the fat or unctious Loosness thence to be nam'd.

8. 7. Somtimes more pure Blood is voided in a Bloody Purging, to which I think I may refer the Plux of the Haemorrhoids; other-times a Liquor like the washing of Flesh, in the Flux call'd of the Li­ver.

9. 8. Somtimes Matter and Purulent, or corrup­ted Stuff is voided, in any Purulent Dejection, so call'd, familiar to a Dysenterie; to which a Tenesmus seems partly to be refer'd, and partly to a Phlegmatic Dejection; seeing that it is a perpetual endeavour to sit down, and void with a little both fro­thy and purulent voided.

10. Because in the Lienterie Food is usually void­ed both unchang'd; and a little after it is taken in, it is apparent it comes by the Fault of the Stomach pre­sently rising up to expel what was received in; con­cerning [Page 69]which Disease, its Causes and Cure, we have spoken before in Chap. 6.

11. Seeing that in the Jaundice-like Flux the Food is voided enough Fermented, it is manifest that it proceeds from the defect of the Separation of Chyle, and Excrements, by reason of either the Absence or Sluggishness of Choler; of which we have spoken in Chap. 10.

12. Seeing that in the Chyle-like Flux, Chyle comes come or less with the Excrements, the Fermentation of Food, and Separation of Useful and Unuseful Parts being intire, the straining of Chyle through the Spongie Crust of the Guts into the Lacteal Veins will be Hurt; of which hereafter in Chap. 16.

13. Seeing that in a Choleric Diarrhea, Choleric and Watry Humors, or Serous, are effus'd, then that Choler upon the account of its Salt is too sharp and fluid, and the Phlegm of Spittle, or Juice of the Pancreas, is too watry and also fluid, is manifest as well by what is voided, as by Thirst accompany­ing.

14. A Phlegmatic Diarrhea is caus'd primarily by Viscous Food, and such as do breed much Viscous Phlegm; and secondarily, by the cold and sharp Air, both encreasing and coagulating Phlegm in the Blood, and also Separating it in the Brain, or Glandules of the Brain against Nature; whence arise Phlegmatic Catarrhs, by which sliding down to the Jaws, and swallow'd down, this Diarrhaea is often bred.

15. Also much Sleep, a drowsie resting of Body, dall Wit, rainy, or else moist Air, &c. helps much to heap up Phlegm in the Body.

16. A Serous Diarrhaea arises most frequently from the Juice of the Pancreas Serous, and also such-like Spittle, seldom from watry and serous Humors, di­stilling [Page 70]and swallow'd down from the Brain toward the Jaws.

17. The Juice of the Pancreas, and Spittle, be­come more watry and mild, according to the plenty of watry Drink taken in; after that moist Air com­ing; or the Excretion of Urine, or a wonted Sweat failing.

18. The same are serous and sharp, or saltish, by the use of both watry and salted Food, whereby they are not only over-thin and fluid, but over-sharp also, and Saltish.

19. Phlegm both viscous and watry, or Serous, is separated beside Nature in the Brain, or its Glan­dules, perhaps alwayes the Heat of the Universal Body, and Head especially preceding whencesoever, and a Phlegmatic Humor carri'd plentifully to the Brain, being then in the Body or Blood, and pre­sently the coldness of Air following, and piercing through the most open Pores with a subtile Air, coa­gulating the aforesaid Humor in divers parts of the Brain; whence whether an Obstruction happen in the Lymphatic Vessels, and the breaking thereof after too much distension, and hence an Effusion of what is contain'd; or a Phlegmatic Humor depart other­wise from the Blood, at least it uses to run under the name of a Catarrh, somtimes in the Nostrils, other­times on the Jaws, and thence either into the rough Arterie, or into the Gullet; by which being carri'd into the Ventricle and Guts, it seems to afford Matter to this Serous Diarrhaea.

20. A fat and oily, or unctuous Loosness almost follows the use or abuse of too fat Food.

21. A bloody Flux always rises from some Vessel of a Vein or Arterie in the small or thick Gut, seldom in the Stomach, or any other part unnaturally burst, cut, [Page 71]or open'd any other way, and sending the contain'd Blood to the Guts.

22. We intend to speak in its proper place of the manifold opening of any Vessels, their various Causes, and divers Cure.

23. The Flux of the Hemorrhoids, not very fami­liar to certain Sick People, is either Critical, which uses to ease them; or Symptomatical, much weaken­ing the Sick.

24. The Flux of the Liver, if ever seen by others, not by me, as I know, is to be deduc'd from much serous Matter mixt with the Blood, and also relaxing the Vessels.

25. The Blood becoms serous by too much use of watry Drink, Water, Beer, &c. and also of Spirit of Wine it self, whereby at length the firmness of all Parts is weaken'd, and the Tone almost gone.

25. Seeing that both Matter and Slime rises from the corruption of the Blood, and that after an Inflam­mation in an Aposteme, or an Ulcer either deep or su­perficiarie, or an Exulceration whence soever arising; such a thing ought to have place, as often as the De­jection is observ'd Purulent or Slimy. But of these Diseases we intend to speak anon.

27. A Tenesmus consisting of a Mucous and Puru­lent Dejection, owns a Phlegmatie, viscous, and also a sharp acid Humor adjoining about the Siege, and there stirring up a troublesom Ʋleer by fretting.

28. A Choleric Diarrhaea may be Cur'd; 1. By correcting the saltish Acrimonie of Choler by Medi­cins, in Chap. 1. Sect. 11, &c. And they are to be selected, (because of its fluidity also encreas'd) which have a mild Tartness, Quinces, Apples or Pears, according to the Palate of the Sick, prepar'd either in the form of a Syrup, or Miva, or Preserve, or [Page 72]any other form. To these belong Pomegranats, Bar­b [...]rries, unripe Grapes, or Verjuice, Plantane, Pur­slan, &c. Boles and fat Earths, and all that are seal'd.

29. 2. By correcting the over-watriness of the Phlegm of Spittle, or the Juice of the Pancreas, both by solid and no-wise watry Food, and also by Medi­cins imbibing or evacuating the same.

30. Chalk, Harts-Horn, or any other burnt Bone, and reduc'd to Pouder by it self, before many other things do imbibe watry moisture, us'd in a small quan­tity, &c.

31. Hydragogues empty this watry Moisture by Stool; and Sudorifics and Diuretics by Sweat or U­rine, among which I much commend Decoctions made of the Roots of China, Sarsaparilla, Butter­bur, Contrayerva, &c. the Woods Gujacum, Sassa­fras, Juniper, Oak, Box, &c.

32. Toasted Rhubarb satisfies to many Indications, and given to ʒ i. or there-about, seeing that it doth not only evacuate Water here abounding together with Choler, but soon corrects the over-loose Body by its mild tartness.

33. After Choler is corrected, and also too much abounding is gently purg'd together with watry Se­rous Liquor, Diascordium, Treacle, Confection of Ja­ciuth, and such-like may be us'd, whereby Choler may be reduc'd to its natural Temper, and the Guts weakned by frequent Dejection, may be recreated and strengthned.

34. For the sake of Students we will add these following Forms.

℞ Rhubarb tosted ℈ ii. Nutmegs ℈ ss. M. for a Pouder.

Which the Sick may take in the morning in a spoonful of Wine or Broth.

35. When the Blood also abounds with much Se­rous Liquor.

℞. Rhubarb tosted, Jalapp-Root, of each ℈ i. acute Cinamon 6 Gr. M. for a Pouder, or with as much Conserve of Damask-Roses as suffices. Make it a Bole to be taken in the Morning.

36. After such an Evacuation, let the Sick use about the Evening by times, one spoonful of this following Mixture, which

℞. Diascordium ʒ i. ss. Confection of Jacinth ʒ i. Syr. of Myrtle ℥ i. Cinamon-Water ℥ ss. Plan­tane-Water ℥ ii. ss. M.

37. As often as all the Blood abounds with serous Liquor, than will the following, or such a-like De­coction be convenient to educe and diminish it by Ʋrine or Sweat.

℞. Smallage, Butter-bur Root, of each ℥ i. the sha­vings of Juniper-Wood, Millet-Seeds, of each ℥ iii. Boil them according to Art in clean Water, in ℥ xxx. Of what is strain'd, dissolve Syr. of the five Opening Roots ℥ iv. Sp. of Salt dulcifi'd ℈ i. M.

Let the Sick take a Draught twice or thrice a day, if he loath it not, warm'd, and especially betimes in the Morning in Bed, whence a Sweat will easilier come forth; but if not, Urine will come more plen­tiful, and so the serous Liquor of Blood will be con­sum'd by little and little, and all the Humors will be more pure and better.

38. In the Cure of a Phlegmatic Diarrhaea, the vi­tious Diet is not only to be chang'd into laudable and somwhat contrary; but also over-viscous Phlegm is to be corrected by Medicins propos'd in Chap. 2. And [Page 74]after that by Sweats and Diuretics before-mention'd and describ'd, or such-like, to be expell'd out by the Pores of the Skin or the Bladder, and to be turn'd in part from the Stomach and Guts.

39. A serous Diarrhaea may be Cur'd, by abstaining from farther drinking too much of watry Liquors; and by taking those things which imbibe Waters, Harts-Horn burnt, Chalk, &c. or by Sweats, or Ʋrine ex­pel the aforesaid things.

40. If nothing else hinder, an Hydragogue may somtimes be taken to empty a great part of Serous Li­quor redounding by Stool.

41. As often as in a serous Diarrhaea, whenceso­ever arising, the serous Liquor is Salt and fretting, so often it is to be corrected with Pills of Hounds-Tongue, of Styrax, or such-like.

42. As often as a serous Diarrhaea arises from a preceding stoppage in the Head, so often Medicins must be us'd to the Brain, by strengthning and resto­ring the Glandules or Kernels always then ill-affected to their wonted intireness; which is soon, safely, and not unpleasantly done by fuming only of Amber, often and by degrees receiv'd in at open Mouth and the Nostrils; by which often at once I have cur'd in the beginning such a Stoppage grievous enough, that it continu'd not above a Night. More things may be added to this Amber, if compositions please bet­ter, to wit, to make a shew, Mastich, Frankincense, Belzoin, Styrax, &c. and thence a Pouder may be prepar'd for fuming, and by degrees strow'd upon Live-Coals, and be receiv'd in at the Mouth and No­strils, as was already said, the Head being cover'd with a Cloak, or any other large Covering, that the less of its Smoak should be wasted.

43. An oily and fat Loosness will cease of its own [Page 75]accord by degrees, if the use of Fat things whatso­ever be abstain'd from: although those things also may be us'd, which drink up or correct over-much Fatness, Harts-Horn burnt, Chalk, Coral, the Ashes of Carduus Benedictus, of Wormwood, and Broom, or their Lye made with Wine, or the fixed Salt boil'd and made out of those Ashes.

44. A bloody Looseness may be Cur'd, if it arises from a sharp Humor corroding the Vessels, by correct­ing and tempering the sharp Humor, and consolidating the Vessel fretted.

45. Those things that correct a sharp Humor, and perhaps always Acid, are to be sought in Chap. 2. but the Mixture which consolidates Corroded Vessels, and wonderfully hinders all efflux of Blood, is in Chap. 9. Sect. 20. which I having often experienc'd with good success, do commend to Younger Physi­cians.

46. The Flux of the Haemorrhoids, as often as it is with ease to the Sick, and is Critical, is so long to be observ'd and not stopt; But where it is too much, and Symptomatical, and weakens the Sick, is then to be hindred slowly by the former Mixture, or such another Medicin.

47. If much serous Liquor can so dilute the Blood, as to carry some part of it together to the Guts, out of the Vessels relax'd by it, and produce a Flux like the washing of Flesh, commonly call'd that of the Li­ver, it may be Cur'd both by Sudorifics and Diure­tics, driving forward the serous Liquor out of the Body another way; and also by strengthning tart things that repair the Hurt of the Loosned Vessels; of which we have spoken in this Chapter already: And before all things, bewaring for the future from too much drinking of watry Drinks.

48. The Tone and natural strength of the Parts be­ing defective, by the abuse of Spirit of Wine, is hardly Restor'd, and not easily, unless by somwhat tart spiritous Liquors us'd with an exact Diet, scarce­ly to be expected again of Drunkards, such as (a­mong Natural Things) are strong Wines, and som­what tart, together with a grateful blackness; (among Artificial Things) more prepar'd of Spiritous Wine and Quinces, or Pomegranats, or Myrtle-Berries, or such-like others.

49. A purulent or slimy Loosness may be Cur'd, by curing the Aposteme or Ulcer whatsoever, where-ever it be, if it cause it.

50. Beside those things which we intend hereafter to speak in general of an Inflammation, and Aposteme following it, and an Ʋlcer, we intend to write a few things here, which conduce in special against the Diseases in the Guts.

51. When therefore there is an Ʋlcer in the Thick Guts, and Clysters can come to the place Diseased, then I much commend this following, which should be kept very long in the Body, and a new one, if the Matter require, should be often injected.

℞. New Cows Milk, and if you please, first steal'd ℥ viii. Venice-Turpintine, dissolv'd in the Yolk of an Egg ℥ ss. Hony of Roses ℥ i. M. for a Clyster.

By such a Clyster given, and only one, about the beginning, and so betimes, I have often Cur'd a Dysenterie join'd with a voiding of Matter.

52. When the Ʋlcer is in the Small Guts, this fol­lowing Vulnerary Decoction will conduce, if some ounces be often taken in a day.

℞. Sarracens Comfrey-Root ℥ ss. the Leaves of Pyrole, Ladies Mantle, of each M. i. Ground-Ivie [Page 77]M. ii. Male Sanicle, Tops of St. John's Wort, of each M. ss. shavings of Harts-Horn ʒ iii. Boil them according to Art in Smiths-water, in ℥ xxv. Of what is strain'd, dissolve the Syr. of Marsh-Mallows, of Oak of Jerusalem, of each ℥ i. ss. Tincture of Cinamon extracted with Spirit of Wine rectifi'd ℥ ss. M.

53. The following Mixture will be useful in the same Case, often taken by Spoonfuls.

℞. Plantane-Water ℥ ii. Cinamon-Water, Distill'd Vinegar, of each ℥ ss. Diascordium ʒ ii. Crabs-Eyes pouder'd ʒ ss. Diaphoretic Antimonie ℈ i. Syr. of Red-Roses ℥ i. M.

54. They who like a Conserve better, may use this, or one like it, which

℞. Conserve of Red-Roses ℥ ii. Diascordium ʒ ii. Confection of Jacinth ʒ i. Harts-Horn burnt and pouder'd ʒ ss. Syr. of Myrtle, what suffices, M. for a Conserve.

Let the Sick take the quantity of a Nutmeg of this Conserve often in a day.

55. The Balsam of Sulphur, prepar'd either with Oil of Anise which is more grateful, or with Oil of Amber which is more potent, taken often in a day to two or three drops, with the aforesaid Mixture or Decoction, will serve perhaps before all other things, as well to cleanse the Ʋlcer, as to consoli­date it.

56. In a Dysenterie, where there is much plenty of sharp Humors in the Body; in the beginning Rhubarb tosted, and a Grain of Laudanum given will conduce; and if need require iterate it. Also Treacle, or Dias­cordium may be added, when any abhor by prejudice, or fear their Sick in using Laudanum, so often a com­mended Medicin by us for its praise-worthy Effects.

57. Nor will it be unseasonable to take the Clyster prepar'd with Cows Milk, and other things the same day wherein Rhubarb was taken, by the help whereof both the Ʋlcer will be cleans'd, and Gripes asswag'd, and the consolidation of the part Ulcerated promoted.

58. A Tenesmus in the Fundament may be Cur'd, especially by applying, and injecting into the Funda­ment Medicins which Correct both the sowrish-sharp and viscous Humor, and therby cleansing the Ʋlcer, and lastly consolidating it: To which end there is scarce a Remedy equal to Balsam of Sulphur, if right­ly prepar'd with the oily Spirit of Venice Turpintine, or the Oil of Amber, or Anise, and appli'd to the Fun­dament by it self alone, or mixt with other things.

CHAP. XIV. Of various Pains of the Guts.

1. ALthough we intend to Treat of Pains in ge­neral in the Second Book among the Deprava­tions of Animal Functions, yet could we not omit the particular mentioning of them here, because the Guts before all the other containing parts of Man's body are usually afflicted, not only with the most hainous, but perhaps with Pains of all Kinds, so that no other­where can all their Kinds be more opportunely ob­serv'd, and therefore explain'd than here.

2. All these Pains are Distinguish'd. 1. By the Guts affected, whilst one while the Small, other­whiles the Thick Guts are griev'd. 2. By the Man­ner whereby various Pains afflict and affect the Sick; for somtimes it comes with the Sense of Heat, other­times [Page 79] of Coldness; again, the Pains are fixt in the same place, and, as it were, piercing through the part affected, anon they wander, and with a kind of Tearing, prick between whiles for the most part, whether they then affect the same part over and over, or go to others; again they distend and expand the Guts alone, or the Abdomen also; at other-times they vex the Sick with the molesting Sense of Rending, Contorting, Contusion, Heaviness, Pulsation, or in som other manner.

3. As often as the upper part of the Small Gut nearest the Stomach laid over the right Region of the Loins, and under the Mesenterie is Pain'd, it's nam'd a Pain in the Loins from the place affected.

4. The Sick use commonly to endure all kinds of Pains, one while burning with a great Heat, another time Chill with a grievous Coldness; again fixt, and as it were, boring the Loins, or moreover pricking with wandring Thrust: repeting; anon distending or beating the Loins, or only pressing them with the Sense of Weight, or Burning, Corroding, Tearing, or troublesom either with a continual or interrupted Pul­sation, and afterward again returning, or wonder­fully writhing and contorting any other way, scarce to be explain'd by the Sick, or by Physicians.

5. The part of the small Gut next to this, and in the left Hypochondrium, rising out and up more freely from the Loins and Mesenterie, is afflicted often with Rendings and Distensions, with a notable and somtimes permanent hardness; although then commonly, though wrongfully, that Evil and Pain is attributed to the Spleen; and the same Opinion is even now held by certain Physicians blinded with inveterate or malign prejudice obstinately without any solid Reason, against daily and manifest Experience, taken from [Page 80]the manifold dissections of divers Bodies. I desire not in any wise to note the Physicians that judg and say the same in Conscience, though never so erring, but the obstinate and malicious only.

6. If the name of that Pain should be impos'd upon me by any void of prejudice, I would call it Hypochondriacal from the place affected, adding the name of the urging kind, and surnaming it either Tearing or Distending, and so forward.

7. The Pain which siezes on the rest of the small Gut, is wont to be nam'd Iliac from the Gut call'd Ileum, which is also observ'd various.

8. In the latter part of the Thick Gut, known by the name of the Right Gut, there is very often stirr'd up an hot and pulsing Pain, and also somtimes tear­ing in the blind Hemorrhoids, so call'd, inflam'd; as in the Tenesmus a corroding pain perpetually provok­ing to Siege; of which in the former Chapter: som­times very troublesom gnawing, with more or less itching.

9. In all the other part of the Thick Gut, call'd Colon, whatsoever Pain is rais'd, it's call'd the Colic.

10. The Iliac Passion and the Colic are distinguisht from one another, chiesly by the situation of either Gut.

11. For the Gut Colon, beginning from the right Groin, rises toward the Liver about the right Kid­ney, and is thence for the most part carri'd cross­ways to the left Hypochondrium, under the Gristles of the short Ribs, a great part whereof it possesses, and presently being writh'd to the left Kindney, and the left Groin, where being writh'd in the mannner of an S, it is roll'd down to the Os Sacrum, that it may go and end in the Right Gut: Whence the Pain [Page 81]rising in the circuit and circumference of the Belly new­ly describ'd, is truly to be call'd Colical; although some only vouchsafe it the name, which vexes and molests the upper and fore-part of the Belly like a Girdle, being ignorant and unmindful, how often the Colon is roll'd to the Navil, and somtimes to the Bladder, with a remarkable winding through the middle of the Belly

12. But the small Gut gives back more and more from the Centre of the M [...]senterie (under which we said it lay hid in the Region of the Loins) where ap­pearing again in the left Hyp [...]ch [...]ndre, although j [...]in'd unto the Mesenterie, is contorted up and down about the Region of the Navel; and so is [...]ing for the most par [...] gathered together in the middle of the Boly, su­stains there the [...]i [...]e Passion very variously.

13. The Guts are affected in all Pains, either in their Tunicles, or Internal Membrans, according to their Cavity or in the External Membrans, according to their Superficies.

14. The Internal Causes of Internal Pains [...]icting any Guts, are to be drawn from what is con [...] [...]in'd in them, one while r [...]maining as yet in their. Form yet [...]sistent, other-times chang'd fir [...] into Vap [...]s and Wind.

15. The External and also Immediate or next Causes of Pains ariling to the Guts, as a N [...]dle Sw [...]rd, &c. we do not here mind, but only tho [...]e which b ing admitted into the Body▪ may and ought to be es [...]m­ned Internal, in as much as they mix themselves with things contain'd therein and together with them for the most part being more or l [...]s corrupt, br [...]d Pains and other things.

16. That we may assign to every kind their Causes [...] Pains, We judg, 1. that a Burning Pain for the [Page 82]most part rises from Choler too fat, powerfully and vitiously raising an Effervescency with the Juice of the Pancreas too Acid; as it is known that Spirit of Vitriol pour'd to Oil of Turpentine, raises an Effer­vescency join'd with a notable Heat and Burning.

17. Somtimes we judg this same burning Pain is produc'd by the Blood, either standing still in the Ca­pillary Vessels of the Guts, or by the same burst after a great distension, Blood being Essus'd, and breeding an Instammation, there happening a manifest pulsa­tion about the part affected; by reason of which it is distinguish'd from the former kind.

18. 2. We take it that a Chill Pain, troublesom with grievous Coldness, takes its Original from the Juice of the Pancreas very acid and sharp, raising an Efferv [...]scency with Ch [...]ler less fat or little, or also over­whelm'd with Phlegmatic Humors, as we observe that Spirit of Vitriol mixt with any Volatil Salt, but not oily, raises an Effervescency coupled with a notable chilness and coldness only sensible.

19. That the Operation of the Acid Spirit in pr [...] ­ducing Cold, is much promoted by Phlegm, Experience the Mistress both of Learned and Unskilful People reach [...]th.

20. [...]ea [...] depending of the aforesaid vitious Effer­vescency, is chiefly and commonly only felt in the Region of the L [...]ins, where there is a conflux of Cho­ler, and the Ju [...]ce of the Pancreas; and coldness com­monly urgeth only in a place remote from thence, chiefly; to wit, when the upper part of the Gut is stopt with much viscous Phlegm; which defends the part that it touches, against the feeling of trouble­som coldness, but doth not break or hinder the acti­on of the Joice of the Pancreas of it self breeding c [...]ldn [...]ss, although it enervats and blunts the oiliness [Page 83]and Acrimonie of Choler, to which Heat is indebted as to its Primary Cause, as often as this Phlegm meets Choler in its Out-let plentifully or viscously.

21. As therefore the small Gut is more or less stopt with plentiful or viscous Phlegm, so Heat or C [...]ld that rises from their vitious Effervescency is felt in a place more remote, or nearer the Conflux of the a­foresaid Humors, Choler, and the Juice of the Pan­creas.

22. 3. The Pain that does, as it were, Bare and is Fixt, I ascribe to the Juice of the Pancreas, mixt with much sharp and viscous Phlegm, then known by the name of Vitreous or Glassie Phlegm: And farther, I assign its Boring to an Acid Acrimony, and its Fixtness to viscousness accompanying.

23. 4. Where the Juice of the Pancreas hath not only a very sharp Acidity, but also Harshness, then there is a wonderful s [...]se of Contortion in the part af­fected, such as often urges and writhes in the Colic.

24. 5. A Pain with the sense of Weight, is w [...]nt to be rais'd by plentiful and viscous Phlegm peccant before other Humors.

25. 6. From the same Phlegm, viscous and rar [...]i [...] into Wind, distending the Guts alone or also the Belly, arises a Di [...]tending Pain.

26. From this same Wind arises a Tympanie one while remaining and shut up in the C [...]vity of the Guts, at another time piercing o [...]t [...] them into the Cavity of the Belly, and there expanding the Inner s [...]im of the Belly.

27. The material cause of Wind is visous Phlegm, but the Effici [...]nt Choler peccant both in its saltish A­ [...]immie, and its volatil oiliness: which an [...] Aroma­ [...]e Oils do prove prepar'd especially of Se [...]ds; a s [...]w [Page 84]drops thereof being taken, resolvs viscous Phlegm that is in the Stomach or Guts into Wind, and far­ther discusses the same.

28. 7. The charp Vapors stirr'd up by the over-Acid Juice of the Pancrea [...] over-ruling in its vitious Eff [...]rvescency with Choler pricking the Guts here and there, do produce Griping and Wandring Pains therein.

29. 8. From Ch [...]ler peccant in its saltish Acrimo­nie, and consti [...]ting with the Juice of the Pancreas a Salt corroding Humor, I dare say, the Pain obscurely burning▪ and corroding is bred, which a Snuffling in the Head con [...]ms, wherein a sowrly salt Humor distil­ling from the Brain by the Nostrils, uses to make the [...] corroding Pain.

30. From the same Choler too sharp, constituting a Salt Humor, and at length carri'd down to the Fun­dament, and Itching Pain is rais'd, very troublesom to many sick People; such as Worms there, call'd As­carides▪ somtimes sticking in the Seige do produce.

31. 9. A Beating Pain seems to me to arise from much Phlegm join'd to a little Acid Juice.

32. 10. A Fain Tearing and Corroding the affected P [...] without Heat, is caus'd by a more pure Sowr Juice, neither temper'd nor broken by Choler or Phlegm.

33. As the now mention'd Causes are more pure and [...]litarty, or join'd to others variously, and more [...] by them, so th [...] breed some diver­ [...] [...] ab [...]ve s [...]id Pains, scarce expl [...]nable with [...].

34. 1. [...] [...]lain may be Cur'd, by temper­ [...] [...] with [...]i [...]s, and chiefy Spirit [...]f [...] and Spiri [...]us, and more­ [...] [...] [...]e [...]i [...]lly Opia [...]s, using [Page 85]them in a various Form. For example let these fol­lowing Forms be.

℞ Succorie, Sorrel-water, of each ℥ iii. Syr. of Diacodium, or White-Poppies ℥ i. Sp. of Nitre 8 drops. M.

Let the Sick take this Mixture at three or four times after some hours space.

35. If any like an Emulsion better, let them use the following or one like it.

℞ Barley cleans'd and boil'd till it crack ℥ i. ss. White Poppy-Seeds ʒ iii. Cucumer, M [...]lon-Seeds, of each ʒ ii. With the Decoction of the same Bar­ley. Make an Emulsion of ℥ xv. adding Ju [...]p of Roses ℥ i. M.

You may add ʒ ss. of Lapis Pruncl [...]ae; and let t [...]-Sick use two or three ounces of this by spaces.

36. Where Pain is more urgent, or yields not to these mild ones, prepare the following Mixture.

℞ Fumitorie-Water ℥ ii. Fenel or Cin [...]mon-Water ℥ ss. distill'd Vinegar ʒ vi. Sp. of Nitre 6 drop [...] ▪ Laudanum 3 Gr. simple Syr. of Vi [...], ℥ i. [...]. M.

Let the Sick often take a Spoonful of this Mixture, till both the Heat and Pain be diminish'd, or Sleep by degrees come on.

37. If Choler be also observ'd to be peccant in Plenty, nothing hinders but that it may be [...]du [...]'d with a mild Purge, to which end the following [...] ­serve very grateful, and also altering may [...]vi [...]l.

℞ Pulp of Tamarinds ℥ ii. C [...]n [...]r [...] [...] ʒ x. Elecluarie of the Juice of [...] ℥ i. Salt of Tartar vitriolated ʒ i. M. [...] C [...]ns [...].

Let the Sick take the quantity [...] a N [...]g, or some more, for the dive [...]le constitution of the Sick, [...]ither at bed-time, and hour [...]ter a moderate Supp [...]r, [Page 86]or in the morning fasting. It may also be dissolv'd in a convenient Liquor, and us'd in the form of a Draught. Our Cholagogue Electuarie also describ'd in Chap. 2. Sect. 46. as is there taught, may be us'd.

38. We intend largely to prosecute the Generation and Cure of an Inslammation in Chap. 40.

39. 2. A Pain Chill and urging with troublesom c [...]lda [...]ss, may b [...] Cur'd, by tempering the over-sharp A [...]i lity of the Juice of the Pancreas, with a Lixivial Salt as well fi [...]t as volatil, and so with a volatil Spi­rit it s [...]lf, as also oily and w [...]try Liquors: Which if m [...]re were mixt, they would perform more.

40. Therefore any Aromatical Spirit of Wine may conduce, as having a volatil and oily Salt; more­over any Treacle-water prepar'd with Spirit of Wine, as receiving much power from Opium of tempering the vi [...]ious Juice. Hither may Coral, Pearl, Crabs-Ey [...]s, Diaphocetic An [...]im [...]tie, &c. be reduc'd. All which will perform more, if the Body be compos'd to sw [...]t; and mor [...] yet, if an actual Sweat be mild­ly [...]h [...]ven forward.

41. To this end the following Form may be pre­s [...]d.

℞ [...]el, simple Treacle-water, of each ℥ ss. Salt of Wormwood ℈ i. Crabs-Eyes ℈ ss. Syr. [...] Carduus Ben [...]dic [...]us ℥ ss. M. for a Draught, to be taken at once.

To which, it pain urge much, may be added [...]um i Cr. and when it is taken, let the Sick either fit by the Fire, or let him be fitly covered in B [...]d waiting for a Sweat.

42. If to Sweat be troublesom, let him often take a spoonful of the following Mixture, till as well Pain as Coldness do remit or cease.

℞ Mint-water ℥ ii. Aqua Vitae of Matthiolus, or Tincture of Cinamon ℥ ss. Laudanum ii. Gr. Oil of Cloves 3 drops. Syr. of the five Roots ℥ i. M.

43. Among emptying Medicins, none are proper here while Pain molests, unless Sudorifies already commended, or Diureties; and to abstain from Vo­mits, unless vomiting come of its own accord and easie enough, and then always add these things which temper sowrness, as fat Broths and such-like. Neither are Purgers to be given, unless first the Acid Humor be temper'd, or Choler and much Phlegm al­so concur, but not very viscous.

44. The Medicins which then conduce, are partly noted above, Chap. 7. Sect. 54, 55.

45.3. A Boaring and Fixt Pain may be Cur'd, by correcting and tempering both the Acid Acrimonie of the Juice of the Pancreas, and also the viscousness of Phlegm accompanying; which is chiefly performed by Aro­matic Gums, Galbanum, Sagapen, Bdellium, Ammo­niac, Opoponax, Mastich, Myrrh, &c. as also by any volatil Salt, and chiefly oily. Yea, how much the more any thing abounds with Volatil Salt, Oily, so much the more potently and effectually will it cor­rect glassy Phlegm, so call'd, the worst Humor. Whence the Oil of Harts-Horn is no less potent than ungrateful Remedy in this Discase.

46. Also the Balsam of Sulphur made with Oil [...]f Anise, Amber, or Juniper, or any other Aromatic Oil, may be convenient in vanquishing this r [...]b [...]ll [...] as and redoubl'd Humor.

47. In finishing this Work also, any Aromatic. Sp. of Wine, more or less compounded, ad [...]ing, if [...] please, an Aromatic Oil, and s [...]mtimes Opium it [...], [...]r Laudanum, and others will condace.

48. The following Mixture taken often by spoon­ful [...] will much profit.

℞. Mi [...]t, F [...]n [...]l water, of each ℥ i. Scurvygrass-W [...]ter. Aqu [...] Vitae of Matthiolus, or any Aroma­ti [...] Sp. [...]f each ℥ ss. distill [...]d Oil of Mace 4 drops, Laudanum 3 Gr. Syr. of Fenel ℥ i. M.

49. If the form of a D [...]c [...]i [...]n please any better, the f [...]ll [...]wing may be prepar'd, and three or more ounces t [...]ken som [...]mes in a day.

℞ The Bark of Lovage Root ʒ ii. of the Wood Gua­ [...]um ℥ ss. The shavings of the same Wood ℥ iii. of Sassafras ℥ i. B [...]y-berries ℥ ss. the Seeds of M [...]ane Sil [...]r, of sweet Fenel, of each ʒ iii. [...]il them according to Art in clean Water, in ℥ XL Of what is strain'd▪ diss [...]lve Syr. of Biza [...]ium ℥ iv. Sp, of W [...]ne rec [...] d; i. M.

I [...] any will have [...]is D [...]coction also to Purge mildly the H [...]m [...]r [...]irst corrceted in part, bo [...]l in it the Pulp of [...]is ʒ i.

50. [...]se following Pills will be useful to correct more, and mil [...]ly [...]ce the s [...]me glassy Phlegm in p [...]corrected.

℞ [...] G [...]th [...]um prepar'd with Vinegar of Squills ℈ ii. V [...] [...]f Mars [...]l [...]in'd white, slowly in a [...] [...]i [...]k, [...]f [...]ach ℈ i. best Ca­ [...] Red My [...]th, of [...]ach 15 Gr. Oriental Saf­ [...] ℈ [...] Tr [...]ches Alh [...]dal ʒ i. Rosin of Ja­ [...]p▪ [...]f S [...]mm [...]y of each ℈ i. Oil of the Rind [...]. M. t [...] [...] [...]. Pills, to be gui [...]d­ [...] [...] [...]dred [...]r with [...]ouder of Lico [...]ish.

[...] Sick take [...] or more of these Pills after Supper at B [...]d-time, or [...]v [...], or so many as may be co [...]veni [...]nt in th [...] Mo [...]ing [...]asting, that the vitious H [...]mors may be expell [...]d slowly and kindly.

51. 4. Pain j [...]in'd with the sense of Contorsion, [Page 89]and rising from the tartness of the Juice of the Pan­creas coupled together with its Acidi [...]y, may be cur'd by often taking the Sp. of Salt Armoniac, as an ap­prov'd Remedy by frequent use in correcting Sowr­ness to 3, 4. or more drops, in Wine, or rather in a convenient Mixture, often prescrib'd in this Book.

52. H [...]re also the Tincture of Castor ma [...] conduce, in like manner using a few drops of it in Wine, or rather to be added to a Mixture, and so take it by Spoonfuls: For Example,

℞ Penyroyal-Water ℥ ii. Fenel Water ℥ i. Tincture of Castor ʒ iii. Laudanum 2 Gr. Syr. of Mint ʒ vi. M.

53. 5. Troublesom Pain with a sense of Weight rising from plentiful and viscous Phlegm, may be Cur'd by Medicius both correcting and cutting it, and gradually emptying it, mention'd in Chap. 2. Sect. 28, &c.

54. 6. A Distending Pain, stirr'd up by Wind, may be cur'd, both by correcting viscous Phlegm, and over-sharp Choler; and also mildly and succellively by emptying both peccant in plenty; and also by discus­sing Wind, or hindring and stopping their Encrease.

55. Beside these things which are all over in this and other form [...]r Chapters mention'd to correct and educe both Humors peccant, here we will subjoin cer­tain external things commodiously to be us'd in this Disease.

56. Therefore to diss [...]lve vis [...]s Phlegm, and to discuss Wind then [...]riling, the Ointment Martiatum, and [...] comp [...]ua [...] [...]f Marsh-mal [...]ws, &c. adding Oil of Cham [...]il [...], white Li [...]s, B [...]ys, &c. will fitly cond [...]e, if the Be [...]y, and [...]pecially us upper part [...]anointed therewith. For Exampl;

℞ The Compound Ʋngu [...]nt of Marsh-malows, or [Page 90]Martiatum, Oil of White-Lilies, of each ℥ ss. Oil of Bricks ʒ i. M. for an Ointment.

If all the Belly of Infants were anointed for a time when they go to bed, it is wonderful how happily Phlegm contain'd in their Belly will be dissolv'd, and Wind bred from thence, distending all the Belly will be discuss'd, and the leanness of the Universal Body, as also for the most part too great loosness following, may by little and little be Cur'd, as I have experi­enc'd it very many times.

57. Twenty years since I prescrib'd the following Ʋnguent and Plaister to be appli'd to the upper Regi­on of the Belly of a Man at Amsterdam (about fifty years old that had a great, unequal and hard Tumor in the left Hypochondrium, the bigness of an Arm, reaching forward toward the right side according to the most frequent situation of the [...]olon, ascrib'd to the Spleen by other Physicians, together with other Symptoms of the Hypochordriac Disease beside Pills made of Gums, often describ'd in this Book: By the help whereof the same Tumor was softned, and the most part of it taken away.

℞ The Compound Ʋnguent of Marsh-malows, or Martiatum, Oil of Capers, of each ʒ i. Oil of Bricks ʒ ii. M.

58. The Plaister which the same Man us'd succes­fully, because I have found it often effectual in dis­cussing Wind and Tumors thence arising; I here set it down for younger Physicians sake.

The Plaister of Sylvius discussing Wind.

℞ Gum Galbanum, Bdellium, Ammoniac, of each ℥ ss. Male-Frankincense, Red-Myrrh, of each ʒ ii. Opium of Thebes ʒ i. Dissolve them in Vinegar [...]f [Page 91]Squills; and when they are again thickned, add Yellow-Wax, Colophonie, of each ʒ iii. Natural Balsam, Oil of Bricks, of each ʒ i. Oil of Earth ʒ ss. Distill'd Oil of Caruas ℈ ss. Venice-Turpen­tine, what suffices. M. According to Art make it a Plaister.

This Plaister is to be spread upon soft Leather, first form'd according to the greatness and shape of the Tumor to be observ'd, a Paper being laid upon it and cut.

59. Volatil oily Salts do potently and also mildly discuss Wind before many others. In the Use where­of I have observ'd somthing worth note, to wit, that Wind is produc'd by them, as often as viscous Phlegm sticks in the Ventricle or Guts, but such Wind as is soon by their force dissipated or breaking forth, or otherwise ceasing; whence we argue, that the Wind rising from vitious Humors in the Body, more or less viscous may by degrees be discust and abolisht by the afore-said Salts, which Experience also confirms.

60. In the Use of which Oily Salts, this is al­so notable, that viscous Phlegm is gradually cut and amended by them; so that whatsoever for the most part, both Wind, and the Matter thereof requir'd to their Cure, these Oily Salts can perform it all.

61. To correct the Acrimonie of Choler always more or less peccant, the Sp. of Nitre conduceth be­fore all other things, which also discusses Wind, at least makes it cease, hindring its farther rise: Of which, and other things belonging hither, we have already spoken in Chap. 9. Sect. 26, &c.

62. 7. A Piercing and Wandring Pain rising from acid and sharp Vapors, may be Cur'd, by tempering that sharp Acidity with Aromatic Medicins, that have a volatil oily Salt, and especially with Opiats also ad­ded, [Page 92]often here and there describ'd in this Book; and by expelling mildly out the Humors and Vapors pec­cant by Sudorifics, which also temper the same; but seldom using Purges, unless the vitious Humors be first corrected and temper'd. Of all which we have often treated in this Book.

63. 8. A Corroding & Burning Pain caus'd by sharp Choler, may be Cur'd with Medicins sowrly-tart or harsh, Verjuice, Pomegranate Juice, &c. and also with several [...]ily things, Emulsions especially made of Barly, Sweet-Almonds White Poppy Seeds, and such like; also with viscous Food▪ as Sea-Fish, and the Extreme parts of any living Creature, out of which much Jelie may be drawn, the Feet, Heads, &c.

64. The same Choler, when it also is peccant in too much quantity, is to be diminish'd and carri'd out by mild and somwhat sowr Cholagogues, especially Tamarinds, Cassia, and such like.

65. The Ascarides causing a corroding Pain in the Fundament, are thence to be taken out alive or dead, and their farther encrease to be hinder'd.

66. Bitter things join'd to sweet things kill these Worms, Suppositories of Aloes, Wormwood, &c, made with Hony and put up, which promoted both their removal and exclusion.

67. The Medicins hinder the rise of these Worms, that both correct and expel any vitious and especially Phleg­matic Humors in the Body often mention'd.

68. 9. A Contusing Pain arising from much Phlegm and little Acida [...]ss, may be Cur'd, by diminishing Phlegm [...] by Phlegm igogues often recited; and tem­pering s [...]rness by spiritous, [...]ly, and saltish things both fixt and vol [...]l, often noted.

69. 10. A Rending and Corroding Pain, without [Page 93]heat, not to be ascrib'd to a pure Acidity, not dimi­nish'd by other things, may be cur'd by Medicins that potently concentrate and mitigate sowrness; among which the first is Opium. Hither may all Aromatics b [...] reduc'd, whether Spiritous or Oily often com­mended.

70. And now it will not be difficult, from what we have said about the Rise and Cure of several Pains, to find the true Cause and Manner of Curing of others, as yet more obscure or complicated, and perhaps not explain'd here.

CHAP. XV. Of the Vomiting of what is contain'd in the Guts, and namely of the Disease Cholera, and Ileos.

1. THat which is contain'd in the Guts according to Nature, is either driven forward into the Lacteal Veins, in as much as it is useful to nourish the Body; or is expell'd by Stool, in as much as it is unuseful to nourish it: But against Nature the same is either too much excluded b [...] Stool with the Humors flowing together in a loosness thence call'd, of which we spoke in Chap. 13. or in the contracted motion of the Guts inverted, it is repell'd upward into the Ventricle, and thence vomited out in a consistent form, or exhal'd or belch'd in the form of a Vapor, or Wind; somtimes it is voided either into the Cavity of the Belly, or out of the Body by Wounds or Ʋleers of the Guts; of which elsewhere.

2. Wind therefore breaks out in Belches; and Va­pors in Yawning, and the Hypochondriac Suffocation, wherein oftentimes Wind also is rais'd; of which we have in part spoken Chap. 9. there is no Disease comes to my mind in which Vapors are observ'd to rise.

3. A Vomiting proceeding from the Guts, differs according to the diversity of what is voided; for somtimes Food is repell'd, being first driven down to the Guts, other-times Humors carri'd down to the Guts, and voided either single, and pure, Choleric, Phlegmatic, Serous; or Bitter, Sowr, Harsh, Salt, Sweet, Insipid, &c. or Yellow, Green, Ceruleous, Black, White, Watry, & Clear, &c. or variously mix'd; one while Excrements, other whiles Blood, or more­over Matter, or other things rising from the Guts.

4. The primary Cause of all this manifold Vo­miting, is the contracted Motion of the Guts inverted, and drawing, yea compelling the Stomach to a con­sent thereto, and like change of motion.

5. This change of Motion begins frequently from the place where the Passage both of Choler and the Pancreas is inserted; seldom from the Seige; often from this or that part of the small Gut, troubled with a Gangrene, or any other grievous Disease.

6. From the place of the Insertion of this double Passage, the motion of the Guts haps to be inverted, by reason of the potent and violent effervescency of sharp Humors, then in the Body, or corrupted, or irritated by what is newly taken in.

7. The sharp Humors that are in the Body, are Choler, and the Juice of the Pancreas, gone from their natural state, as somtimes also Spittle swal­low'd, either Acid or Salt, and carri'd down to the Guts.

8. The things taken in, that corrupt the afore­nam'd Humors, and provoke them to raise a vitious effervescency, are either Summer-Fruits, Cheries, Plums, Melons, Peaches, Grapes, &c. also new Wine, or any sharp Medicins, making either of the menti­on'd Humors sharper, as also Vomits; or certain Poi­sons, Arsenic, Orpiment, &c. whither corrosive sub­lim'd Mercury may, yea, ought to be referr'd, see­ing that if it be taken pure, uncorrected, though in the least quantity, it disturbs and corrupts all.

9. As often as Choleric Humors are voided out, as well upward as downward, with great force and plen­tifully, together with the troublesom anxieties of the Midrif accompanying, either of their own ac­cord by Humors before in the Body, or because of an external error committed in Diet; this Disease is wont to be call'd Cholera.

10. In the Hypochondriac Disease, and Suffocation, and the Scurvy it self, there are somtimes rais'd, freely Vomitings of various Humors, thinner or thicker; too Viscous, or Fluid; Bitter, or Acid, or Salt, or Harsh, or Sweet, or Insipid; Yellow, or Green, or Ceruleous, or Black, or White, or Watry, or Cry­stal-like, or of divers Colours: so that all the diffe­rences occurring in several, or the same Sick People are very difficult to be numbred or reduc'd into a cer­tain order.

11. Somtimes Blood also is by force poured out by Vomit; Which I suspect, if not always, at least most commonly, comes out of the Pancreas, by reason of some Vessel open'd by its over-sharp Juice; and it is driven up to the Stomach, to be vomited out, there being then also a vitious Effervescency with Choler; whilst for the most part some of it descends down­ward to be voided by Stool.

12. I Cur'd the Widow of a Mariner about 20 years since at Cullen, fallen through great grief of Mind, contracted by her Husbands Death, if my memory fail me not, into a grievous and daily Pain of the Loins, and hence into a spontaneous Vomiting, and Dejection of Matter, left for incurable by Physici­ans call'd to see her, yet restor'd by degrees with the help of Sugar'd Wine, warm'd and taken by turns: And seven years after by a grievous sorrow of Mind brought into such a like vehement Pain of the Loins. I therefore guessing, by the relation of her former Disease, that Matter lay hid in the part griev'd by a former Inflammation produc'd and collected, gave her twice an Antimonial Vomit, and, if I remember right, my Sapa Vomitoria; by the help whereof she vomited the first day more than a pint, or ℥ xx. of Matter well ripen'd, and by Stool a good quantity of the same; also by the benefit of the Vomit iterated, one or two days being interpos'd, she empti'd again some Matter upward and downward, though less than before, and was restor'd to perfect health, in a short while, some few Cordial Medicins, and such as resist Putrefaction being given.

13. I judg that Matter therefore procedes out of the Pancreas, because the place affected answer'd its Situation; and because I have often found Matter collected in greater or less plenty in the Pancreas af­ter Death, but not in any other part, from which there was a way to the Guts.

14. The s [...]ne reason makes me conjecture and think, that the V [...]iting of Blood is not to be deduc'd from the Spleen, of Liver, nor yet the Mensenterie, but from the Pancreas alone, saving the judgment or observation of others.

15. When the contracted Metion of the Guts begins [Page 97]to be inverted from the Siege, then I judg an exceed­ing sharp Humor adhers to it, seeing it is wont to be Cur'd with such as only asswage and temper sharp things. For I never had such a Patient to Cure, that I could make an exact examination of all his Symptoms, and hence give a solid Judgment of every one.

16. Often its contracted Motion begins to be inver­ted in this or that part of the small Gut, with the Vomiting up of the Excrements following, from the Gut affected, call'd by Physicians Ileos, and Ileos by Practitioners.

17. I have observ'd in Dissecting dead Bodies, a two­fold Cause of this Evil, the one was a Gangrene of the Gut, such a wrinkling and pressure together of the corrupted Gut accompanying it, that all passage downward was deni'd the Excrements, and were forc'd to a miserable return upward, and so an egress by Vomiting.

18. The other Cause of this evil noted after Death in the Dead by me, was the entrance of the small Gut, in any part straitned, into the next part, which was more opened by wonted Wind: Whence likewise all passage through, for the Excrements by Siege was stopt, and anon their regress and ascent to the Stomach follow'd, with a miserable Vomiting of them.

19. I judg'd that Ingress of the small Gut into the next part, happen'd after the aforesaid manner, and indeed one while of the upper part into the next inferiour, other-whiles of the inferior into the upper part; because I had often observ'd, 1. That the small Gut was in many places distended with Wind, and most narrowly contracted for a notable length in the next parts, as well upper as lower. 2. That the same Sick being press'd with Gripes, wonderful­ly [Page 98]mov'd their Body, and often bow'd it on a sud­den. And by that bowing often repeated, it might hap, that Wind prest farther by reason of the Gut relaxed in either end, should yield to the opposite ex­treme part of the Gut as yet straitned, to insinuate it self into the Cavity of the Gut sufficiently enough displai'd, a straitness presently succeeding of the same Gut freed by Wind, driven forward violent enough about the next part insinuated.

20. As often as the under part of the Gut enters into the upper, so often there is hope of Cure, either of its own accord by Food taken in, or by Art, by Lead or Golden Pills swallow'd; but not so, when the upper part of the Gut enters into the under, be­cause the part included goes on by degrees farther, whence the narrowness is more and more encreas'd, and all descent of what is contain'd is stopt; where­fore of necessity, and surely Death is thence to be expected.

21. There is also frequent mention among Practi­tioners of the Gut writh'd and wrap'd together, no Example whereof, after diligent search, I could find, and now scarce think it can be, that the small Guts should be so intricately complicated, as it were, with a Knot.

22. The Rupture of the Guts is a frequent Cause in Practice, of the voiding Excrements by Vomit, yet not every one, but such and so great ones, that the small and also thick Guts falling out through a narrow hole, either by reason of their proper weight, or for what is contain'd therein perpetually approaching, and remaining there, cannot be put back through the same Hole, nor afford a passage downward, to what is contain'd sliding thither; whence the things contain'd being more and more hardned, and such as somtimes [Page 99]cannot be dissolv'd, breed an hard and unsuperable Tumor; and moreover hindring also the reflux of Blood, give occasion to an Inflammation and Gan­grene of the Guts soon following, and hence to vomit th [...] Excrements out at the Mouth.

23. All these Evils are often encreas'd or bred by Fomentations evilly and too hot appli'd; as also by a preposterous and strong rubbing of the swell'd part: Lastly, By Violence us'd to the swell'd Guts to repel them.

24. The Cure of this manifold Vomiting may be perform d diversly, according to the variety of each Cause.

25. As often therefore as the Irritation of the Guts depends on the vitious Effervescency of sharp Hu­mors flowing together, to the inversion of their con­tracted Motion, so often these over-sharp Humors are to be corrected and temper'd, yea, stupefi'd together with their Effervescency.

26. The Medicins that temper both Choleric Hu­mors, and those of the Pancreas too sharp, are often pro­pos'd before; to which Opiats also often nam'd are always to be added to asswage the vitious Effervescency, and stupefie the sense of the Guts at least in part.

27. The following M [...]xture to be [...]ken by Spoon­fuls in little spaces, may conduce in the faultiness of the Acrimony of any Humors, whether Salt or Sowr.

℞. Diascordium ʒ ii. Confection of Jacinth ʒ i. Syr. of white Poppies ℥ i. Plantane-Water ℥ ii. Fenel-Water ℥ i. M.

28. When this Vomiting is stai'd, if the aforesaid Humors seem to abound, after they are sufficiently temper'd, they may be empti'd out and diminisht by [Page 100]Stool, giving Purging Cholagogues, or Hydragogues often mention'd.

29. If the Vomiting cannot be staid by reason of plentiful Humors in the Body, endeavouring an Out-let upward strongly, nothing hinders but that a gentle Vomit may be given; moreover adding those things which also temper, allay, and vanquish their too great Effervescency after a certain manner, and so necessity urging, Opiats themselves in a small quantity. For Example;

℞. The Vomitive Vinegar and Sugar ʒ ii. Lauda­num, half, or a whole Gr. Mint-Water what suf­fices M. for a Draught.

30. This Vomit being taken, if a Loathing or Vomiting still continue, after a good part of the Hu­mors peccant is voided upward or downward, use the Mixture before prescrib'd, or others alike, ac­cording to the diversitie of the Humor that is most pe [...]cant.

31. For if the Acid Juice abound, then

℞. Mint, Fend Water, of each ℥ i. Aqua Vitae of Matthiolus ℥ ss. Old Treacle ʒ ii. or Laudanum 2 Gr. Syr. of Myrtle ℥ i. M.

32. If Choler abound in Acrimonie, then

℞. Plantane, Purslan-Water, of each ℥ i. Sp. of Salt duleisi'd ℈ ss. Diascordium ʒ i. ss. or Lau­danum 2 Gr. Syr. of Purslan ℥ i. M.

33. As the Juice of the Pancreas, so also Spittle, and the other over-sharp Humors sliding down from the Head are to be Corrected, Temper'd, and Empti'd out.

34. When the Disease Cholera is rais'd by Summer-Fruit, and usually soon corrupted, then the too much Effervescency that's rais'd in the small Gut is [Page 101]to be asswag'd with the best Opiats; to which end one of the three newly prescrib'd Mixtures may be us'd as the Matter requires, till that fierce Motion of the troubled Humors somtimes troubling all things in the Body to Death, be stai'd and asswag'd.

35. Vomiting Medicins wrong taken, or in too much quantity, causing a cruel Vomiting, are as­swag'd and overcome with Opiats only. Whence I here again commend the former approv'd Mixtures, or others like them, seeing it is easie to form more such.

36. Among Poisons producing enormous Vomits, and for the most part deadly, we mention'd Arsenie, and Orpiment, as also sublim'd corrosive Mercury. All which because of their Latent or manifest Acrimony, are most happily temper'd and prepar'd for a more mild voiding, by oily things, as fat Broths, any ex­prest Oil, Milk, Butter, and such-like; among which Milk uses to be curded by them, and then voided; wherefore thus far it is profitable, that Poisons curd­ing it, do more readily joyn themselves to it, and thereby lose their strength. Fat things are so long to be us'd, as Pain, Loathing or Vomiting remain.

37. Opiats also often mention'd and approv'd, may besides be profitably us'd; as being such that do no less temper all Acrimonie, and asswage the following Effervescency, than stupefie the outward Sense.

38. The Treatise and Cure of the Hypochondriac Disease, and Suffocation, as also of the Scurvie, see­ing they are Diseases complicated of several and most others, will be more commodiously deliver'd be­neath.

39. Whencesoever the Blood comes which is void [...]d by Vomit, because it always indicates and follows a [Page 102]Vessel broken and open'd, it requires a ready Consoli­da [...]n of the Vessel Hurt, without which so hurtful an Efflux of Blood cannot be asswag'd. For which the Mixture prescrib'd in Chap. 9. Sect. 20. or an other like it may conduce.

40. If Blood be thought or fear'd to be Clotter'd in the Cavity of the G [...]ts, to Dissolve it, add to the same Mixture Crabs-Eyes, Diaphoretic Antimonie, Sperma [...]eti, and such-like; as is there noted Sect. 21. for it will not be hurtful to use such also, al­though there be no Blood standing in the Fistula of the Gut.

41. For this Golden Rule is continually to be ob­served by Prudent Practitioners, That in dubious and uncertain Cases those Medicins may be us'd, which can only profit, and [...] ways hurt the Sick, whether troubled or not troubled with the Dis [...]ases conjectur'd.

42. The voiding of Mat [...]er by Vomit and Stool, is not to be slai'd, but mildly promoted, seeing it is a Humor wholly unnatural, and in every part hurtful to Man; Its new rise also is to be hindred as much as may be, seeing it is bred of Blood, which is the Fuel of our Vital Fire, and the Sustenance of all parts of the Body, as well containing as contain'd.

43. Among all the things that more or promote the Voiding of Matter, I prefer and commend Antimo­nial M [...]dirias, as those that I have observ'd more­over to have power to correct the Harms befalling the Body by Matter, and hinder the new producing of Mat­ter, seeing that Antimonie, as well rightly prepar'd as administred, serves no less to purifie Man's Body than Gold.

44. The continual breeding of Matter out of corrupt Blood, is staid also by Balsam of Sulphur with Anise-Oil, and any other, taken somtimes in a day to two [Page 103]or three Drops, whereby besides a certain cleansing and consolidation of the Ʋleer is to be expected, and perhaps more certain than by any other Medicin.

45. To this end also conduces Diaphoretic Anti­monie and any other altering Medicin prepar'd of An­timonie, and especially a Balsam made Artificially of its Flowers.

46. The contracted Motion being inverted along all the Fistula of the Gut, fat Broths are to be us'd, as well taken in at the Mouth, as appli'd and injected into the Fundament, whereby any Acrimonie of any Humors, where-ever it be or occur, will be asswag'd, and the troublesom Irritation of the Guts appeas'd.

47. To this fame end both Fomentations, and Emol­lient Clysters, so call'd, may be prepar'd, and often us'd. For Example;

℞. Marsh-malow-Root ℥ ii. its Leaves, Malows, Mulleyn, of each M. i. Line, Fengree Seeds, of each ℥ i. ss. Boil them in clean Water; bathe the Fundament with what is strain'd warm; and of ℥ viii. of the same, adding Oil of Wh [...]te-Lilies ℥ i. new Butter ℥ ss. or Hens-fat, or any other that is convenient ʒ iii. Make a Clyster, and give it often.

48. To allay the same Irritation, and temper Sharp Humors, both with External and Internal Medicins, Anodyns, yea, Narcoties may be added, and Emulsi­ons, or Opiat Mixtures be us'd, and many such like. For Example;

℞. Cleans'd Barley boil'd till it crack ℥ i. ss. cleans'd sweet Almonds, white Poppie-Seeds, of each ʒ iii. With Water wherein the Barley was boil'd, make an Emulsion of ℥ xv. adding S [...]r. of Diacodium ℥ i. ss. Fenel or R [...]s [...] Water ℥ i. M.

Let the Sick take a Draught by short Spaces.

49. If any judg a more potent Mixture to be ta­ken in less quantity, will be better accepted, or more useful, let them use this following often by Spoon­fuls.

℞. Plantane-Water ℥ ii. Fenel-Water ℥ i. Confe­ction of Jacinth, of Alkermes, of each ʒ ss. Lau­danum 3 Gr. Syr. of white Poppies ℥ i. M.

50. If any desire a Medicin in a more solid Form, let him use this following.

℞. Piascordium, or New Treacle ℥ ss. Confection of Jacinth ʒ i. M. for a Bole; Half or a whole Dram whereof may be taken by spaces.

51. They who can take nothing beside Pills, for them prescribe these following.

℞. Laudanum 4 Gr. Make them into 8 Pills, to be Guilded.

Or. ℞. Pills of Hounds-tonge seruple; i. Laudanum 3 Gr. M. Make it into ten Pills.

Let the Sick take often one of either of these Pills, till the Vomiting be a little asswag'd, and some sleep comes on, which is to be observ'd; not neglecting those things that are outwardly to be administred al­ready mention'd.

52. The most things that are necessary to Cure an Inflammation and Gangrene of the Guts, may be re­quir'd from the general Treatise of both to be deli­ver'd in their proper place: Although I judg a Gan­grene of the Guts incurable.

53. The Ʋpper Part of the Gut thrust into the Ʋn­der Part, will never (at least in my judgment) re­turn; but the Ʋnder being thrust into the Ʋpper, will not be so difficultly repell'd by Golden or Lead Bullets, swallow'd down with Oil of sweet Almonds, or of Oliv [...]s, or one or two ounces of Quick-Silver ta­ken.

54. Seeing that the Breeding, and Cure of the manifold Rupture cannot be absolv'd in a few words, we intend (God willing) to treat of it now, or else­where in a particular Chapter.

CHAP. XVI. Of the Straining Chyle through the fleshy Crust of the Guts hurt.

1. CHyle sever'd from the Excrements, is not only driven on downward by the contracted Motion of the Guts, but is also by the same force prest and strain'd through their Fleshy and Spongie Crust into the Lacteal Veins.

2. This Straining through the Chyle is deprav'd, and more or less hinder'd or diminisht in the Chyle­like Loosness, of which in Chap. 13. Sect. 4. and 12. When either, 1. the Orifices of this Fleshly Covering are over-laid, or stopt with a Viscous Phlegmatic Hu­mor: Or, 2. the same Fleshy Crust is fretted up and down, and the part of the Gut clos'd up with a Skar, the Pores also tending to the Lacteal Veins being stopt, as it somtimes happens after grievous Dysente­ric Loosnesses rais'd especially in the small Gut: As I have often observ'd in the Dissection of Dead Bo­dies.

3. And this Evil is wont to be follow'd with some, and somtimes a notable Pining and Leanness of Bo­dy continuing till Life be ended, which also spares not fat Bellies.

4. The former Kind may be Cur'd by Medicins that both Cut and Attenuate Viscous Phlegm, and so [Page 106]by degrees Correct it, and when it is more or less al­ter'd, especially if it abound also, by such as Empty it out, often mention'd.

5. The latter Kind is Incurable together with Lean­ness, whatsoever following it. For as yet there are no Medicins known, which can dissolve a Skar [...]made in the Small Gut, or repair a new Crust, and such an one, as will give the Chyle a passage through to the Lacteal Veins.

CHAP. XVII. Of the Motion of Chyle through the Lacteal Veins deprav'd, and the Dropsie Ascites of­ten following it.

1. CHyle strain'd through the Fleshy Crust of the Guts, and admitted into the Lacteal Veins, ought to be transferr'd and driven forward through the same to the Cistern, or common Receptacle or Pas­sage of the Thorax situated about the Loins.

2. This Motion is deprav'd, when it is hindred in one or more places; and Chyle moves too slowly for­ward, or is quite Stopt, and Stands still.

3. Chyle is hindred in its Motion through the Lacteal Veins, when being too Thick and Tough, it is driven forward too slowly.

4. Chyle is made over-viscous, because of such-like Food taken too plentifully, or too long.

5. Chyle is stopt in its Motion, and stands still in the Lacteal Vessels, when they are Obstructed, somtimes by the foremention'd Chyle over-viscous Coagulated in them; other-times by the Phlegm of the Guts Dri­ven [Page 107]forward into them and there Coagulated.

6. Phlegm of the Guts is Driven forward into the Lacte [...]l Veins, as often as it is Dissolv'd by the Motion of the Body, or vehement Exercise, or Heat of the Air, w [...] sort soever, of the Sun, Fire, Bath, &c. as al­so somtimes by a Feaverish Burning, and other things then also concurring in the Body; especially Dissolv'd upon taking hot or warm Drink, and so becoms fluxil and fluid.

7. The same Phlegm is Coagulated, as also over-Viscous Chyle in the Lacteal Veins rarely by Coldness of the Air suddenly following Heat; to wit, when the Body is carried out of an hot place into a cold, out of a Bath into a Cellar, or open Northern Air; and the Belly being less cover'd than ought, admits sharp coldness through the open Pores; but more fre­quently by Drink too cold taken in abundance, soon hasting to the Guts, and not only powerfully cooling both the Guts themselves, with all parts near them, and so the Lacteal Veins, but thickning and coagula­ting what is Contain'd in them.

8. The over-Viscous Chyle, or Phlegm of the Guts being thus Coagulated in the Lacteal Veins; and an Obstruction made in more or fewer of their Branches, is stopt, and settles presently in the same whatsoever is driven into them out of the Guts, ei­ther of Liquor rising from the continual conflux of Choler, the Juice of the Panereas, and the Phlegm of Spittle, or of Chyle, or Drink only drunk plen­tifully; and it does by degrees more and more distend the same so far, that at length they burst, and con­sequently either first this manif [...]ld M [...]isture receiv'd into them, and intercepted in its Motion, is pour'd out between the Membranes of the Mensenterie, or presently after into the Cavity of the Belly.

9. I take this often to be the Breeding of the Dropsie Ascites, and chiefly when it is produc'd sud­denly by much Drink, as in a Burning Feaver: with an urgent and permanent Thirst join'd, I remember has been done within three days time.

10. This Obstruction may be Prevented, 1. By tak­ing heed of using over Viscous Food, and especially from Ravening any.

11. 2. By Ʋsing Medicins that Correct and Educe Phlegmatic and Viscous Humors, often mention'd.

12. An Obstruction made, or prudently conjuctur'd to be in the Lacteal Veins by the aforesaid Contrary Causes, mutually may be Cur'd by Medicins that do powerfully Cut, especially Sudorific Aromatics, rather taken often, than together and at once only. For so I have observ'd, that Obstructions are more happily, easily, quickly, and safely Open'd.

13. To this end therefore the following Mixture, taken at short spaces by Spoonfuls to break forth the Sweat, may be us'd, and afterward to be given when it comes forth, though not so often then.

℞ Parsley-Water ℥ ii. Fenel, simple Treacle-Water, of each ℥ i. Sp. of Salt Armoniac 20 drops. Syr. of Carduus Benedictus ℥ i. M.

Or, ℞ Fematory-Water ℥ iii. Scurvy-grass Water Aqua Vitae of Matthiolus, of each ℥ i. distill'd Vinegar ℥ ss. Crabs-Eyes pouder'd ʒ ss. Salt of Wormwood, Diaphoretic Antimonie, of each ℥ i. Syr. of the five Roots ℥ i. M.

14. The Lacteal Veins will of their own accord Close again after their Obstruction is taken away, as happens to a Vein open'd.

15. The Waters Collected in the Cavity of the B [...]lly, by various Humors flowing out through the Vessels Burst, and producing the Dropsie Ascites, being [Page 109]peccant in Place, will be remov'd out of that place, both by strong Hydragogues, and also Sudorifics, and a Paracenthesis or boring the Belly.

16. The Hydragogues are often propos'd in this Work, among which the best are prepar'd of Elder, or Dwarf-Elder, Jalap-Root, Elaterium, and Gum-Gotte; not neglecting Crystals of Silver.

17. Sweats to this end may be given usefully, both by what is taken in often, and newly mention'd, and especially by a moist or dry Bath join'd together.

18. And if these profit not in a short time, you must hasten to a Paracenthesis, not that common one so very dangerous; but a new one that is so very safe, by a Silver hollow Needle gently thrust into the Belly, about four fingers breadth below the Navel, and so many at its Sides, and drawn out again after a suffi­cient effusion of Water; and again at another time or day thrust into the same Hole, except it be judg'd fit to make a new Hole elsewhere.

19. This Chirurgical Operation is void of dan­ger, because the Needle being drawn out, there will no more Liquor run, but apply the Plaister Diapal­ma, or the White one boil'd, or any like it, whereby the bored Place is not only fenc'd against all the in­juries of External Air, but its Consolidation pro­moted.

20. But this Paracenthesis must not be delay'd, lest whilst it is too long delay'd, the Humor collected in the Belly get an hurtful Acrimonie, and by degrees corrode and corrupt the Membranes, and hence the Substance of all the parts contain'd, and so make the Disease incurable.

CHAP. XVIII. Of the Sanguification of Chyle in the Right Ventricle of the Heart deprav'd.

1. CHyle carri'd continually to the Passage of the Thorax out of the Lacteal Veins, and there confus'd with the Lympha, whencesoever flowing, goes forward with it into the Jugular, or Left Ax­illar, and hence the Cava or hollow Vein, where it is mix'd with the Blood, with which it is driven for­ward into the Right Auricle, and then Right Ventri­cle of the Heart to be chang'd into Blood.

2. We think that this Change of Chyle into Blood, begins in the Jugular, or Left Axillar Vein, but chiefly in the Trunk of the Hollow Vein connex'd to them; and absolv'd in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, and perfected partly in the Lungs, partly in the Left Ventricle of the Heart, and Great Arterie.

3. The Chyle has its Rudiment of Blood (if I may be Judg) from the Blood Descending to the Heart, with which it is confus'd in the aforesaid Vessels.

4. The Chyle also receives its Form of Blood from the Choleric Blood Ascending to the Heart, and as well flowing together in the Right Ear of the Heart, as especially in its Right Ventricle with the Lymphatic Blood, with which we said Chyle was mixt, and rai­sing an Effervescency of great Moment, because of its different, yea somwhat contrary disposition of both in certain parts of it.

5. The same Chyle obtains its Last Perfection of Blood, by the continu'd and contemper'd Effervescency [Page 111]newly mention'd, more accurately to be explain'd in certain Circumstances in the next following Chap­ters, because of the Breathing Air in the Lungs, the Left Ear, and Ventricle of the Heart, and the greatest Branches of the Great Arterie.

6. By the power and benefit of this Effervescency, we conceive the Vital Fire breaks out and rises, which no less changes the fat of Chyle coming, than of Blood returning from what place soever, and by rare­fying the Oily Parts, and also loosly uniting all the other, reduces it into one Mass Heterogeneally-Homo­geneal, and so Chyle it self into true Blood by the same labour.

7. This Sanguification of Chyle is deprav'd especi­ally, when the Blood is bred least laudable and vitious by it, Serous, Phlegmatic, or peccant in any other Proper or Common Sensible Quality; which somtimes manifests it self with a Cachexie, other-times Ana­sarca, or Leucophlegmatia; or else with Leanness, or any other apparent fault in Nourishment.

8. Every Cause of Sanguification Vitiated, is either in Chyle it self, or in the Choleric Blood Ascending, or in the Descending Lymphatic Blood, or in some Exter­nal Cause, or in more concurring together.

9. The Cause of Sanguification Deprav'd, is to be sought in Chyle it self, and to be found as often as it is produc'd Vitious, because either Food or Spittle, &c. is Vitious; of which formerly.

10. The Cause of Sanguification deprav'd, is in the Choleric Blood Ascending to the Heart, (which a­bounds with Choler) as often as vitious Choler is mixt in the Liver in a greater or less quantity, or otherwise.

11. Choler is mixt with the Blood in a greater quan­tity, when it is bred more plenteously in its Bag, by [Page 112] Aromatic Food, plenteously us'd and abounding with a Volatil Salt; or it is over-plentifully effus'd out of its Bag, because of the greater fluidity given it, ei­ther by Heat of Air, or Food both too Sharp, and also Spiritous, or by a strong Motion of Body, or by vehement Anger, or by Watchings, and such-like.

12. Choler is mixt in less quantity with the Blood, when it is bred more sparingly by Food destitute of an Aromatic strength, which is wont to produce Phlegm, such as is Sea-Fish, and such-like, continually us'd; or it is more slowly effus'd out of its Bag, because of its fluidity diminish'd, and thickness encreas'd one while by cold and sharp Air, other-times by Food newly mention'd, and Cold Drink too frequently us'd, other-whiles by a grievous Sorrow of Mind, or Great Terrors coming unexpectedly; as also by much and long continu'd Sleep, and daily Rest of Body, &c.

13. Choler is mixt with the Blood, not only in too great or too little quantity, but somtimes over-Sharp or over-Fat; and so far also it vitiates it.

14. Choler is made too Sharp by the Heat of Air, the abounding Acrimonie of Food, or rather of its Sauces, such as is in Pepper, Cloves, Ginger, Ma­stard, &c. by Watchings, too much and protracted Ex­ercise of Body, continu'd Anger, especially when join'd with Solicitude.

15. Choler becoms Fatter, especially by too much Use of fat Food, at least drest with much Fatness, Butter, Oil, &c. whither may be referr'd distill'd Oils often us'd.

16. The Cause of Sanguification Deprav'd, is in the Blood descending to the Heart, (and because the Lympha is mixt with it, it's call'd Lymphatic Blood) as often as the Lympha is found either over-Acid, or Salt, or Phlegmatic, or Watry.

17. The Lympha becoms over-Acid, because of Food both Sowr, and season'd with very Acid things us'd too plenteously, and long, or because of Nor­thern Air, and Solicitude of Mind, Sorrow or Terror, somtimes by Waking, and too much Wearying the Body, &c. happening.

18. The Lympha is made over-Salt, easily and as frequently by cold and sharp Air piercing the Ʋniver­sal Body, and especially the Head warm'd, and run­ning down with a Sweat, begetting the Stuffing of the Head, that is, a troublesom Sense of Heaviness, not only in the Head, but in the Joints also; whence as a Salt Liquor distills afterward through the No­strils in a following Snuffle of the Nose; so likewise then it seems even consentaneous not only to Reason, but also to the Affliction of the Sick then oft urging, and so to daily Experience, that there is produc'd all over a Salt Humor in the Conglobated Glandules, and after that effus'd into the Habit of the Body, and the Muscles, as also driven forward through the Lym­ [...]hatic Vessels toward the Heart.

19. The Lympha is over-Phlegmatic, by reason of [...]he prolong'd Use of over-moist and cold Air, the too [...]uch eating of such-like Food, especially Fishes, [...]ulse, Potherbs, &c. Beer not enough boil'd or fer­mented, Well-Water, &c. an heavy Life, and Void of Care; much and long Sleep, and many such-like things.

20. The Lympha becoms over-Watry by the over­ [...]se of Rain-Water, or any other too thin, and over­ [...]oist Air, mean while neglecting as well Spiritous as [...]ucculent and Acid Food.

21. Sanguification is immediately vitiated by an ex­ [...]rnal Cause, when there is an Error committed in [...]e or more Non-natural things (so call'd) in that [Page 114]time, when laudable Chyle and Blood is carri'd to the Heart, by the Air first hot, and suddenly cold; by Drink very piercing Spiritous or mixt with Ice, especially abundantly Us'd; by vehement Agitation of the Body; by a grievous Passion of Mind, Wrath, Sorrow, Fear, Amazement or Solicitude vexing, &c. whence either over-sharp Choler, or the Juice of the Pancreas over-Acid, or over-Sharp, or the Phlegm of the Guts over-Viscous, is carri'd all over, and especi­ally towards the Heart, in which it so corrupts either the Chyle, or the Blood before well constituted, that the Blood cannot but be bred bad of the Chyle flow­ing to it.

22. The Sanguification of Chyle deprav'd, accord­ing to the diversity of the Cause, may be diversly Cur'd. For, 1. as often as it depends of Choler too Plentiful, mixt with the Ascending Blood, it ought to be diminisht by Cholagogues often mention'd.

23. The new Rise of the same Choler is to be stopt by shunning, or at least moderating the Non-natural Things, so call'd, that produce it, which were new­ly mention'd; as also by using more liberally those things which we said bred less Choler.

24. 2. When Sanguification is deprav'd, by too little Choler tending to the Heart, it ought to be en­creas'd, by using somwhat more plentifully those things, which we have asserted, do breed Choler more plentifully; and also by Shunning those things which we have taught, according to Experience, to be con­trary to its breeding.

25. 3. As often as Choler too Sharp depraves the Sanguification of Chyle, so often it is to be Temper'd by Medicins often propos'd before, and especially in Chap. 1. Sect. 11, &c. and in Chap. 10. Sect. 42. [Page 115]besides by shunning all things in Sect. 14. of this Chapter, which make it too sharp.

26. 4. If over-Fat Choler deprave the Sanguifi­cation of Chyle, it ought to be Corrected with Acid Medicins, but the more temperate ones, such as are prescrib'd in Chap. 2. Sect. 38, &c. and in Chap. 11. Sect. 25. farther Bewaring of the abuse of Oily and Fat things, of which in Sect. 15. of this Chapter.

27. 5. If the over-Acid Lympha deprave the San­guification of Chyle, it is to be corrected and amended by Medicins prescrib'd in Chap. 2. Sect. 17, &c. and else-where.

28. Mean while diligently Abstain from farther use of Acids, and the other things mention'd in Sect. 17. of this Chapter.

29. 6. When over-Salt Lympha depraves the San­guification of Chyle, then Medicins approv'd in Chap. 13. Sect. 41, & 42. may be convenient; as also Aromatic, mild Sweats, by the help whereof the Saltness of the Lympha is by degrees corrected.

30. In this case Hydragogues also conduce, often us'd, in a small Dose, after some contemperation of the Salt Acrimonie.

31. 7. When over-Phlegmatic Lympha depraves the Sanguification of Chyle, then are Medicins to be given that Cut and Correct Phlegmatic Humors in the Body, prescrib'd in Chap. 2. Sect. 28, &c. and such as Purge them so prepar'd for being Empti'd, therein Sect. 33, &c. also shunning those things that we have said here and else-where do breed Phlegm.

32. 8. As often as over-Watry Lympha depraves the Sanguification of Chyle, so often abstain from the over-Use of any Water; and if it abound in the Body, it is to be expell'd both by Exercises enough Potent, and by the Bath, &c. with Sweats, not very [Page 116]great, but often repeted; to which end Spiritous and Aromatic Sudorifics may also be us'd, whereby the Animal Spirits almost deficient may be repair'd, and the Animal Strength preserv'd, yea, encreas'd by the same means.

33.9. As often as the Sanguification of the same is deprav'd (all the Humors, and so Chyle it self being rightly constituted in an Healthy Body) in the time of the Distribution of Chyle by one, or more External Causes, either inevitable or unexpected, numbred in Sect. 21. so often those things that can­not be shun'd, ought to be, as much as may be, cor­rected and temper'd, at least the Harms that come by them to every one should speedily be amended and ta­ken away.

34. So if any have been in the cold Air, as soon as may be, let them come to a clear Fire, or go into a warm'd Bed; at least let them cover their Bodies well with Bed clothes, whereby they again expel out of the Body the cold receiv'd.

35. So, if any have abus'd piercing and spiritous Drink, if good part of it yet remain in the Sto­mach, let them send it out again by a Vomit rais'd, by putting one Finger into the Jaws, or a Feather moistned with Oil, unless they can of their own ac­cord promote it, which is easie, yea, familiar to ma­ny.

36. But if the Drink be already gone more into the Body, like a Surfet, its breathing out is to be pati­ently expected, if then Thirst still urge, by using Sowr Drink no way Spiritous or Watry, such as is Mineral Wells, always taking heed of any excess.

37. But if Drink with Ice or otherwise very cold shall have been taken, Aromattes and such as abound with a Volatil Oily Salt us'd by tums may conduce, [Page 117]which naturally are fit to overcome the harm of drinking with Ice, soonest, safest, and most plea­santly. They will perform this the more happily, if by their help a Sweat be also mov'd or promoted.

38. So, as many as vehemently move their Body, either by Running, Leaping, or otherwise, whence Sweat also came forth; they should carefully take heed of the cold Air, and rather betake themselves to a Warm'd Bed, to compose themselves to Rest, and that they may shun a greater harm.

39. So, as many as have been mov'd with a Ve­hement Passion of Mind, should endeavour to asswage [...]t by themselves, or others, and to reduce the Mind to former tranquillity; which Reason and Discourse can do by mildly composing the Rational Soul with so­ [...]id Reasons, whencesoever taken; yea, by confirm­ [...]ng and hardning it against any things that can­not be chang'd, to bear them patiently and stout­ [...]y.

40. The manifold Harms following those Vitious [...]xternal Causes, ought to be Corrected variously, and as soon as can be, seeing that by the Functions [...]urt, or other proper Signs, they are known to the [...]hysician [...]; of which all over in this Treatise.

CHAP. XIX. Of the Continual and Vital Effervescency of Blood in the Right Ventricle of the Heart hurt.

1. CHyle is not only carri'd to the Right Ventri­cle of the Heart, some hours after the Food is taken in, whereby it may be chang'd into Blood, but continually by the Blood returning from every Part; and that partly being furnish'd with bitter Gall, part­ly by having Acid Lympha, there is rais'd in the same place a mild, yea, Vital Effervescency.

2. We call it a Lively Effervescency that is rais'd in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, because the natu­ral Preservation of our Life depends upon it.

3. For by the Conflux of the Volatil Oily Salt ruling in the Gall, and constituting the chief part of the Sowrish Sweet Spirit; of these, I say, being som­what contrary, there is rais'd a gentle, and to Nature friendly Fight, describ'd by Us with the Name of an Effervesceney, in and by which the Fiery Parts lying hid, and shut up in both are loos'd from their Fetters, and being free'd, infinuate themselves into the Oily and Fat obvious Parts, both of the Blood, and also of Chyle, as the proper Subject of their Action, ra­refying the same; and moreover do so change and alter the other parts more or less mixt with them, that Life may be continu'd, and Blood mov'd any whither; and the necessary Reparation of all the containing and [Page 119] contain'd Parts, perpetually more or less Consum'd, may be perfected and absolv'd.

4. It haps that this Effervescency, very necessary for Life and Nourishment, is Hurt; 1. When it is either wholly Abolisht, or Ceases at least for a time. 2. When it is Diminisht, and is Lesser or Weaker. 3. When it is Encreas'd, and is Greater or more Potent. 4. When it is Hastned, and is too Swift. 5. When it is Retarded and perform'd too Slowly. 6. When it is Deprav'd and observ'd to be Unequal or Inordinate.

5. I. Where this Vital Effervescency is wholly Abolisht, Death is at hand; because the Vital Fire of the Heart, or rather of the Blood, which by its help us'd to be continu'd in the Heart, is presently extinguish'd by the same.

6. This Vital Effervescency is Abolisht. 1. By the fault of the Choleric Blood Ascending, and that either for Want of Choler: as oft as it is effus'd with great force into the Small Gut, and hence Choler is excluded out of the Body, as well upward by Vomit, as downward by Stool, in the Disease Cholera; whence no wonder if the Sick perish somtimes then in a few hours.

7. Or because of the high Volatility and Acrimony of Choler, whence the Blood is not only more Dis­solv'd, but the Lympha also more sluggish; as we judg it happens in the Pest, and all Malign Feavers, in which the Sick so oft are suddenly and unexpect­edly extinguish'd.

8. The same Vital Esservescency is Abolisht, 2. By the fault of the Lymphatic Blood Descending, which is by reason of the over Acidity of Lympha, where­by Choler is not only opprest and, as it were, suffoca­ted in the Heart, and together with Choler the Vestal [Page 120]and Vital Fire; or the Blood it self extreamly coagu­lated, is made unfit for its naturally following Rare­faction.

9. We scarce ever think that such a Defect can be thought of Lympha, for which the Vital Effervescen­cy may be Abolisht, unless perhaps the Passage of the Thorax be somwhat Prest, Wounded, or Burst, and therefore the greatest part Standing still, or Run out another way. Neither seems it probable that all the Conglobated Glandules, from which we judg the Acidity of the Lympha procedes, can be so affected alone, that therefore the Acid Lympha should be defi­cient in the Heart. For as often as the Body is congeal'd with Cold, the extreme Parts are not less, but more seiz'd on by it, than the internal Glandules that lie hid; in which besides the Lympha is not so much di­minish'd, as corrupted by Cold, although then its Mo­tion be both alter'd and disturb'd; as we observe it falls out in the Stuffing of the Head, in which all Motion of a Humor both to the Nostrils, and also to the Jaws, is Stopt first with an Heaviness of the Head; (whence the name Gravedo) afterward the Humor Distills more plenteously, and often thinner and sharp­er than is wont; to wit, Sowrish Salt, and then this Disease is properly call'd either Coryza, whilst it runs out by the Nostrils, or Bronchos, whilst it is carri'd down to the Jaws and begets an Hoarsness; as a Cough, when it slides down farther into the Sharp Arterie of the Lungs, and provokes and compels them to a more mov'd and violent Expiration.

10. The same Vital Effervescency is Abolish'd; 3. By too many Vapors rais'd in the most vehement Effer­vescency, and so employing all the space in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, and hence in the Vessels of the Lungs, that the Fire then also breaking out, is [Page 121]choak'd by them, and extinguish'd, otherwise it had been Vital; neither is there further place granted to the new Effervescency presently following.

11. The Vital Effervescency is Abolish'd by too many Vapors in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, not only in as much as the space in the Vessels of the Lungs is deni'd to new Blood that should raise an Effervescency, and consequently undergo a Rare­faction; but also in as much as the Lungs being ex­tremely distended by the aforesaid Vapors, can nei­ther be farther unfolded, nor reciprocally complica­ted, nor yet Respiration very necessary to temper the Heat of Blood can be perfected.

12. But the same is yet abolish'd. 4. By too much Blood filling all the Vessels, Veins and Arteries, in the Plethora, call'd at or in the Vessels, and Athletic Ha­bit, and that for want of Space to receive the Blood, although meanly to be Rarefi'd, after a due Effer­vescency.

13. The same Vital Effervescency is Abolish'd. 5. By the over-potent Vital Fire rais'd in the Heart, ra­refying the Blood more than enough, and to an Height; whence by the defect either of a Space large enough, in which it may be receiv'd, or sufficient Cooling, whereby the hot Blood might be temper'd, our Vital Fire is often Suffocated in the most Burning Fevers by its own fault.

14. The Effervescency of Blood somtimes Ceases in the Right Ventricle of the Heart for a time, not only short, but often very notable; to wit, for one or two days, the Pulse and Respiration to be conclud­ed, taken away to outward Sense, as is always in the most grievous kind of Hypochondriac Suffocation, and the Syncope, and also somtimes in a lighter kind of the aforesaid Suffocation, and Swouning Fits, join'd [Page 122]with the Pulse stopt to Sense, such as is frequently ob­serv'd in these Regions.

15. For we must not pass it by, that the Pulse and Respiration are not always taken away to Sense in every Hypochondriac Suffocation, or lighter Swouning Fits; although they be perpetually more or less hinder'd or di­minish'd, seeing the Voice it self and Speech som­times are more or less hinder'd.

16. The chief Cause of this Effervescency, Ceasing for a notable time, is viscous and also Acid Phlegm, not too much exceeding in plenty (otherwise it would be Abolish'd with Death following) join'd to the Lym­pha, and hence to the Descending Blood, and carri'd to the Heart.

17. The Cause of the same Effervescency Ceasing a short while, about a quarter, half, or a whole hour is judg'd by me to be a Viscous also and Acid Vapor, or Wind-piercing out of the Small Gut through the La­cteal Veins and Passage of the Thorax to the Heart.

18. For as this Viscously-Acid Phlegm is more plenteous or solid, or more consistent, or less in quantity, or more Vaporous; so it will hinder our Vital Effervescency more, or longer, or less, or shor­ter while, and seem to take it away at least to Exter­nal Sense; seeing it may deservedly be doubted, whe­ther indeed and actually it be taken, or may be taken away without the Patient's Death: the solution and determination of which Doubt, will depend on the Prejudice or Opinion of every one given about the following Question; to wit, Whether Life can re­main without a continual and new Sustentation and Ge­neration of the Vital Fire? Or whether the same could be extinguish'd for a while, and again be kindled and restor'd in the Heart of its own accord, or by help of Medicins, before that a deadly Corruption possess the Blood, and the other Humors.

19. Our Vital Fire may be said to be kindled and restor'd in the Heart of its own accord, when Acid and Viscous Phlegm being join'd in too much plenty with the Descending Blood, doth so oppress Choler coming with the Ascending Blood, that for a space there is no power of it observ'd, till by the help of this same Choler, the aforesaid Phlegm being reduc'd and brought back by degrees to some mediocrity, a new Fire rises up and restores Life to the Body, perhaps taken away for a time.

20. By the help of Medicins, our Vital Fire may be said to be kindled and restor'd, when in the afore­nam'd Diseases, one or two Drops of some very A­romatic Oil, with a little Aromatic Spirit of Wine, or any other convenient Liquor, once or often pour'd into the Mouth of the Sick, who is in the Agonie of Death, pierce to the Blood infected, and worst affect­ed with the aforesaid Viscously-Acid Phlegm, may raise, or stir up suddenly, or by degrees, the Vital Fire it self, languishing or extinct, by correcting or amend­ing Phlegm, and also strengthning and relieving Cho­ler.

21. But an ingenious Searcher of Truth may que­stion, Whether such an Aromatic Oil, fitly call'd Balsam of Life, or any other like it, (whose stupen­dious force in such a case is not unknown, as well to them that are Expert in the Art of Chymistry, as Skilful in the Practice of Physick) be join'd to the Blood, almost condenst to Death by Phlegm Viscously-Acid in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, or else­where?

22. As much as I am able to attain by the best of my Understanding, that I may study to satisfie this Question, saving to every Man his particular Judg­ment, I judg it no wise absurd, to think that this [Page 124]Conjunction of the Aromatic, and then truly Vital Oil with Phlegm, Viscously-Acid, too much thickning Blood happens in the Vessels of the Lungs; seeing that nothing offers to hinder, that some part of the over­thick Blood may be driven forward into the Arterie of the Lungs, before either the Pulse or Respiration be taken away to Sense. This being asserted, it will not be difficult to explain, how the strength of the Aromatic and Vital Oil should pierce easily to the Right Ventricle of the Heart, as I conjectur'd, then more or less open'd, and also by the Blood it self not less coagulated in the Arterie of the Lungs, then too much in the aforesaid Ventricle, and therefore less fluid.

23. These things being inserted, as it were, by a Parenthesis to incite Wits; note, that the wonted Effervescency, and hence the Rarefaction of both sorts of Blood flowing together to the right Ear of the Heart, and therefore both the reciprocal Expan­sion and Contraction of the Heart, and the Pulse it self is more or less hindred and stopt by both the mention'd Causes, to wit, Phlegm, and a Vapor Viscously Acid; which is observ'd therefore not to be in the Syncope, and certain kinds of Hypochon­driac Suffocation, hitherto to be reduc'd altogether to Swounings.

24. Among the six Non-natural Things, an Ʋn­expected grievous Sorrow of Mind, or Terror, and somtimes the biting Cold of Air or Water, makes that Cessation of the Vital Effervescency somtimes, and oftner in Persons dispos'd to it, because of the Vis­cous and Flatulent also, and Acid Humors now al­ready in the Body, in Women especially, and others of a more fearful Nature.

25. II. This Effervescency of the Blood Descend­ing [Page 125]and Ascending to the Heart, is Diminish'd, and so becoms Less or Weaker, by the fault of either the Choleric or Lymphatic Blood.

26. Of the Choleric, when Choler is not sharp enough, or is too little in the Ascending Blood.

27. Choler is produced in the Body not sharp e­nough; 1. Because of the over-cold and moist Air. 2. Because of Phlegmatic, Watry, Oily, Acid (but not Sharp and Aromatic) Food and Sauces over-long us'd. 3. Because of much and deep Sleep. 4. Be­cause of Rest and sluggishness of Body. 5. Because of the Mind void of Care, fearful and sad. 6. Be­cause of the Monthly Courses, or wonted Sweats sup­prest.

28. Choler is found too little in the Ascending Blood for the same Causes newly mention'd, and chiefly by a Choleric Loosness, or over-great emptyings of Choler wrong done, whence the natural quantity of Choler is diminish'd.

29. By the fault of the Lymphatic Blood the afore­said Effervescency is Diminish'd, when the Lympha of the Glandules in the Blood is not Sowr enough, or too Little, or over-Viscous.

30. This Lympha is found in the Blood not Sowr enough. 1. Because of Hot or Rainy Air. 2. Be­cause of Phlegmatic, Watry, Oily, or Aromatic, but not Acid Food and Sauces. 3. Because of much and deep Sleep. 4. Because of sluggishness and too much Rest of Body. 5. Because of the Mind void of Care, or Angry. 6. Because of the Monthly Courses, or a wonted Loosness supprest.

31. The Lympha comes too Little to the Blood for the same Causes newly recited, and especially because the Lympha stands still, or is carri'd another way, by reason of the Glandules ill affected, in the Stuffing [Page 126]of the Head, and other such-like Diseases.

32. The Lympha is too Viscous in the Blood. 1. By such-like Food long us'd. 2. By the Cold and Sharp Air. 3. By a grievous and long-continuing Sorrow of Mind.

33. III. The same Effervescency of both sorts of Blood flowing together in the Heart is Encreas'd, and becoms Greater or more Potent by the fault of either, or of both

34. Of the Choleric, when Choler is too Sharp or Plenteous in the Blood Ascending.

35. We nam'd the Causes of over-Sharp Choler, in Chap. 1. Sect. 6, & 7. And Chap. 11. Sect. 18. And Chap. 18. Sect. 14.

36. Choler is too Plenteous in that Blood, both when it is found more than naturally Plenteous in its Bag; and when its Descent to the Gut is hindred; and also when it abounds, that is, is provok'd by an External or Internal Cause, to Pour it self out any way, as is wont to be in the Disease Cholera, and se­veral Burning Fevers.

37. The Gall is too plenteous in its Bag, chiefly by the frequent use of Bitter, especially Aromatic and Sharp Sauces and Medicins.

38. The Descent of Choler to the Gut is hindred, by reason of any Narrowness whatsoever that is in its Passage to the Gut.

39. Summer-Fruits frequently stir up the Disease Cholera, of which in Chap. 15. Sect. 8. Chap. 29, &c.

40. We intend to give you the Causes and Man­ner of the rise of Burning Fevers, below in Chap. 29, &c.

41. Let it suffice that we have here noted Choler may abound by an inward Cause; that is, be provok'd and compell'd to pour it self out of its Bag, as of­ten [Page 127]as some of a Volatil Acid Liquor pierces thither to­gether with the Blood, and forces Choler to raise an Ef­fervescency; whence no wonder, if it runs out at any Passage given, and now being carri'd to the Guts, stirs up Vomitings, or Choleric Loosnesses, or being carri'd to the Liver, and thence rushing to the Heart, breeds Burning Fevers.

42. The Vital Effervescency in the Heart is en­creas'd by the fault of the Lymphatic Blood, when the Lympha is not so Plenteous, as Volatil and Sharp, though too Little flowing to the Heart with the De­scending Blood.

43. And such is the Lympha, by the abuse of Sau­ces, or such like Medicins, such as are Wine of the Maise and Rhenish, a little Sowr, and also Spiritous, strong Wine Vinegar▪ Citron Juice us'd with Spiri­tous Wine, Spirit of Nitre, &c.

44. But if Choler, together with Lympha, be pec­cant after the aforesaid manner, who sees not that this Effervescency of both sorts of Blood must yet be hurt and encreast of necessity.

45. IV. The same Effervescency is perfected more Quickly, because of too little Phlegm in the Blood, and Choler, and Lympha therefore too sharp, and less temperd.

46. Phlegm is too Little in the Blood; 1. Because of Summer, and subtil hot Air. 2. Because of Food, or Sauces, and Medicins very sharp and Aromatic too plenteously us'd, and others neglected, which are wont to breed Phlegm. 3. Because of a vehement long continu'd motion of the Body. 4. By prolong'd Wakings. 5. By grievous and persevering Cares and Solicitudes of Mind 6. By a Phlegmatic Diar­rhaea, or any other preternatural Defluxion or Flux of a Phlegmatic Humor, in a Distillation of Rheum, Cough, Dropsie, &c.

47. V. On the contrary, the same Effervescency proceeds over-slowly, by reason of the abundance of Viscous Phlegm especially in the Blood, and some kind of sluggishness of Choler and Lympha following it.

48. We related the Causes of over-Viscous Phlegm, in Chap. 2. Sect. 7, and 9.

49. VI. The self-same Effervescency is Deprav'd, and becoms Vitious several ways, when it is observ'd either Ʋnequal, somtimes Greater, again presently Lesser; one while too Quick, presently over-slow: or is Inordinate, and again ceases a little or is in­terrupted; again presently repetes and becoms more Potent, no order being observ'd, as it happens somtimes in several kinds of Hypochondriac Suffocati­on, in which the Pulse is felt somtimes weak, rare, little, comprest, yea, somtimes none at all; again it is perceiv'd strong, frequent, great or wonderfully troubled with a notable Palpitation of the Heart.

50. The Cause of this Unequal Effervescency, is the Unequal Quantity of Choler, or Lympha, or the Liquor arising from the foremention'd three-fold pre­vailence in the Guts, or of other Humors (that as yet perhaps are wont to be mixt with the Blood, and not as yet enough perceiv'd by any) join'd to either Blood.

51. For where More of Choler enters into the Heart with the Ascending Blood, the Effervescency will be Greater, and Quicker, whence also a Greater and more Frequent Pulse; where on the contrary Less of it comes, there will be a Lesser and also Slower Effervescency rais'd, and also the Pulse Lesser and more Rare.

52. But where more of Lympha shall come with the Descending Blood to the Heart, there will pro­cede [Page 129]a Less and Slower Effervescency, together with a Less and more Rare Pulse; contrarily where Less of it shall flow out, there will be a Greater and Quicker Effervescency produc'd, and a Greater and more Frequent Pulse.

53. When the Nature and Strength of the Liquor rising out of the Three-fold Humors that Flow together to the Small Gut, shall be more clearly discern'd by us, we can more solidly and certainly determine of the Harms that follow their vitious Constitution. Which also is to be understood of other Humors, if, as we suspect, there may yet be more, which are mixt either immediately or mediatly, with the Blood flowing back to the Heart.

54. We therefore note this here, that so we may stir up others to search the Truth with us, that as yet lies hid to Physicians in many things, intending to rejoice and congratulate (as we have done to o­thers already) their greater felicity perhaps in search­ing out the same thing before us, and always to re­turn due thanks to God, the Giver of all Good, for the benefit bestowed on Man-kind by any; not in­tending to envy any ones pains, diligence, inventi­on, and other things thereto appertaining, or to blame with Reproaches after the manner of certain sluggish, lazy Men and ill-employing their leisure.

55. We judg the Cause of the Inordinate Effer­vescency of Blood to be the Ʋnequal Flowing to the Heart, not only either of Choler or Lympha, &c. only or together, but of both, or of more. Whence there is a greater Confusion and Disturbance in it, one while with a notable Palpitation of the Heart, pre­sently with its Motion and Pulse taken away to Sense, in the Hypochondriac Suffocation so often observa­ble.

56. Although the Palpitation of the Heart, and grievous Swouning arises somtimes from Humors carri'd with the Blood to the Heart, producing a vi­tious Effervescency; yet we think that it is oftner pro­duc'd by Sharp Vapors elevated from the Small Gut, because of a vitious Effervescency there also rais'd, and then carri'd to the upper Orifice of the Ventricle and Gullet, and also to the Heart through the Lacte­al Veins, and Passage of the Thorax, disturbing the Effervescency of the Blood, and irritating the Heart.

57. I. Seeing the Effervescency of Blood wholly Abolisht is Incurable, diligent heed must be taken, that it (as often as may) should be Shund and Prevented in time; which will be, 1. where the Defect of Cho­ler is to be feard by the Disease Cholera, after the hurt­ful Effervescency of Choler then raging, and its too great Effusion into the Guts is ally'd, (of which see Chap. 15. Sect. 26, 29, and 34.) by Repairing and Renewing Choler, by the use of any Sharp and Oily Aromatics, as the Distill'd Oils of the Leaves and Flowers of Rosmary, Majoran, &c. of the Seeds of Anise, Fenel, Carua, &c. of the Rinds of Citron, Oranges, &c. of Cinamon, Nutmegs, Mace, Cloves, &c.

58. These Aromatic Oils, if they be united arti­ficially with the Spirit of Wine, are call'd by some Balsams, or Elixirs of Life; whereof one or two drops being given in a convenient Liquor, especially Wine, do restore the Vital Strength Languishing for the defect of Choler, and seem to snatch those out of the Jaws of Death that otherwise were dying, do somtimes raise again those that were esteem'd for dead.

59. Hither also do appertain all Volatil Salts; though they that are Oily, are more effectual [Page 131]than the rest, and therefore to be preferd.

60. The Abolisht Effervescency of Blood may be Prevented; 2. Where there is fear thereof both in the Pest, and also in Malign Feavers, by reason of the High Volatility and Acrimony of Choler then pec­cant, by Fixing, and Coagulating, and Tempering it by very Tart Acids, Verjuice, crude Alum, Acacia, or in place thereof the thickned Juice of Hypocistis, or Wild Plums, &c. Among Chymical things, the Spirit of Nitre, Salt, Vitriol, Sulphur, Alum, and such-like are deservedly approv'd and commended, especially often distill'd, and made more mild with the rectifi'd Spirit of Wine.

61. By all these Choler will not only be corrected, but the diminisht consistency of the Blood will be re­stor'd, and the sluggishness of the Lympha also amend­ed, and so the Vital Effervescency of Blood for di­verse Causes almost Abolisht, will be preserv'd and restor'd.

62. The same Abolishment of Blood vitally Effer­vescent in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, where by reason of too much Acidity of Lympha, there is fear lest the Vital Fire be opprest and suffocated together with Choler, at least the Blood too much coagulated by it, cannot conveniently be rarefi'd, may 3. be pre­vented by Correcting, and Breaking the faulty Acidity of Lympha by the foremention'd Oily Volatil Salts, and Aromatic Oils as well pure, as farther elaborated into the foremention'd Balsams of Life. Which see­ing they hitherto conduce, may deservedly be us'd almost in all danger of Life, that happens without great heat, manifest both to the External Senses, and lying hid in Malign Fevers, and especially burn­ing and vexing the Midrif.

63. Not only the excedeing Acidity of Lympha [Page 132]may be diminish'd by the same Oily Volatil Salts, but Choler also prest, and almost opprest, may be strength­ned, and the over-Coagulation of Blood it self be di­minisht and reduc'd to its natural state.

64. The Abolishment of the same Bloody Effer­vescency, where the necessary space for rarefying Blood is so employ'd, that the Extinction of the Vital Fire is nigh endangerd by too many Vapors, both in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, and Vessels of the Lungs, may, 4. be Prevented by Dissipating the aforesaid Vapors already produc'd, and Hindring their new breeding.

65. The aforesaid Aromatic Oils, and any, but especially Oily Volatil Salts do dissipate and discuss Va­pors; always selecting those things, which are pre­par'd of the parts of Plants apt of themselvs to dis­cuss Vapors, and such-like things found out by Ex­perience.

66. A new production of Vapors may be hinderd by the same Aromatic Oils, and Volatil Salts, as also by any others that cut the Viscousness of the Phlegmatic Humors, as Acids, but chiefly by the Spirit of Nitre, whose Power in curing this Disease is singular and stupendious.

67. The same Abolishment of the Effervescency of Blood, may be prevented. 5. Where all the Vessels are fill'd with Blood in a Phlethoric and Athletic Habit, by Diminishing the Abundance of Blood, by a suffici­ent Letting it out with opening the Vein once, or oftner, as the matter requires, and need urges.

68. The same Abolishment of the wonted Vital Effervescency in the Blood may be Prevented. 6. Where there is fear of a Suffocation by too potent a Fire arising in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, ra­refying the Blood too much in the most Burning Fe­vers, [Page 133]by Tempering that Heat whencesoever arising, and especially by Acids taken together with Drink, and aforementiond in Sect. 60. farther, by changing and correcting the hot Air for colder, the close for more open, the still for more blown, the moist for drier.

69. Because we think that our Vital Fire for the most part arises from Choler, especially when it is too burning; therefore being guided by Reason, we judg that those Remedies are especially then to be us'd, which most conduce to correct Choler, such as also we have mentiond, Experience Accompanying.

70. The same Vital Effervescency ceasing for a longer or shorter Space both in the Syncope, and Hy­pochondriac Suffocation may be Cur'd, by the so often prov'd Aromatic Oils, and any Volatil, but especially Oily Salts; always making variety of Mixtures, to­gether with choice of Simples, according to the di­versity of Symptoms Accompanying.

71. For as where the above-nam'd Suffocation urgeth, Castor, and its Tincture extracted with re­ctifi'd Spirit of Wine, and the Spirit of Salt Armo­niac are deservedly preferrd before many others; so where Cold much urgeth, as well Externally as In­ternally in the Syncope, or other Diseases like it, I commend the Distilld Oil of Cloves, (before all others as yet found out by me) which is not ungrateful; nor do I disprove the Oil of Turpentine less grateful, seeing that with the Oil of Vitriol, it stirs up an Ef­fervescency join'd with a great heat.

72. For Example take this following Mixture.

℞. Penyroyal-Waten ℥ ii. Simple Treacle-Water ʒ vi. Tincture of Castor ʒ ii. Distilld Oil of Mace, of Amber, of each three drops. Syr. of Fenel ℥ ss. M.

Let this be Us'd in the Hypochondriac Suffocation, taking it often by Spoonfuls.

73. To this Mixture may be added Sp. of Salt Armoniac ℈ i. whence it will be much stronger; or you may add 3, 4, or 5 drops of it to every Spoon­ful; or apply to the Nostrils a Glass with a narrow neck, containing the aforesaid Spirit, in the most grievous kind of this Disease; for by its sharp smell, the Sick for the most part are wont to be rais'd, both from that Suffocation, and from the Epilepsie.

74. In fear of the Syncope, or other lighter Swounings, join'd with troublesom and formidable Cold, prepare the Mixture following, of Medicins commonly to be sold in the most Shops, in like man­ner to be taken by Spoonfuls in short spaces.

℞ Mint-Water ℥ ii. Aq. Vitae Matthioli ℥ i. or Tincture of Cinamon ℥ ss. Oil of Cloves 6 drops. Syr. of Scurvy-grass ℥ i. M.

75. I commend the afore-nam'd Volatil Salts, and Aromatic Oils, not only because I am taught it by daily experience, but because Reason perswades the same: Reason, I say, drawn from the Analysis of those Salts and Oils, and of Swounings, and from the Efficient Cause of Hypochondriac Suffocation, Viscous and Acid Phlegm, or likewise Viscous and Sowr Vapors, or Tart ones also put together. For those Salts and Oils have power to dissolve and cut that which is Viscous, and to temper and correct that which is Sowr and Tart, and again to discuss and dissipate what is Vaporous and Windy.

76. Where the Sick, more like Dead than Alive, cannot open his Mouth nor shut it, much less duely swallow any thing, then it will be commodious, in­stead of the prescrib'd Mixtures, to have 3, 4, or more drops of the approv'd Aromatic Oils, either Simple [Page 135]or more Compounded, or only confus'd and a little shaken, or by greater Art and daily Circulation more intimately joind with the rectifi'd Sp. of Wine pourd into the Mouth of the Sick to the Jaws, by a Silver or Gold Funnel, whereby they may pierce both into the Ventricle and Guts (whence for the most part the Cause of so great an Evil is driven forward every where) and into the Sharp Arterie of the Lungs un­to the Blood it self sticking in the Vessels of the Lungs, and every where correct and amend the urgent harm.

77. Among the Antecedent Causes, and Non-na­tural Things, Sorrow of Mind may and ought to be prevented, both by Philosophical and Theological Reasons defending the Mind in time against every trouble; the Same now present and urging should be taken away and overcome with them, although for the most part it is slowly and by little and little.

78. The Mind also may be defended and prepar'd against the Fear to be expected and foreseen, to bear stoutly any Adversity; whence the Mind will then be less affected by the Terror given, whose harms will again presently vanish; as on the contrary a Ti­merous Mind will be smitten more potently, and more grievously, esteeming every contrary thing, though the least, for the most grievous, being not fitted, or us'd to bear or endure any thing.

39. All are affected powerfully by an unexpected Terror; though the Fearful and Sluggish more pow­erfully and longer; The Stout and Wise lightlier and shorter, for Reasons newly given.

80. When the Vital Effervescency of Blood ceases by the pinching Coldness of Air or Water, the Body of the Sick is not only to be carri'd into milder Air, but not hot, or the Parts affected to be remov'd out of [Page 136]chillish Water, but moreover the Sense is to be stirrd up in the External Parts with stronger Frictions, yea, Medicins prepar'd of Aromatic Oils, and Vola­til Salts, and especially such as also will move Sweats are to be given, or pourd in at the Mouth; whereby the Coldness and its Cause, together with the Blood, or Lympha that flows back piercing to the Heart and more inward Parts may be driven out.

81. By the benefit of these Medicins, the Harm of Viscous and also Acid Humors, and Wind that were before in the Body may be Amended: and for Preventions-sake the same may be taken, as often as the Body is to be expos'd to over-Cold Air, or to go into Water.

82. II. The Effervescency of Blood Diminisht in the Heart, because of Choler less sharp, may be Cur'd; 1. By Changing the Over-Cold, and Moist Air into Hotter and Dryer, at least prepar'd by Art with a clear Fire, and Aromatic Plants disperst in the Cham­ber.

83. 2. By mixing Aromatic and Sharp Sauces with Meat, as also abstaining from very Phlegmatic, Watry, Oily, and Sowr Food.

84. 3. By detracting somthing from Sleep, and daily protracting Watchings.

85. 4. By exercising the Body more and more, even to a mean Weariness.

86. 5. By busying the Mind with Cares and Soli­citudes, nor abhorring from Anger not too vehe­ment; chiefly studying for Gladness, and driving a­way Sorrow and Fear.

87. 6. By Rindly moving the wonted Monthly Courses, and Sweats, by Medicins describ'd and to be describ'd often, and especially in their proper place.

88. The aforesaid Effervescency Diminisht by too [Page 137]little Choler containd in the Ascending Blood may be Cur'd, by the forementiond means, when it has the same Causes which Choler less sharp had; but when it follows a Choleric Loosness, or too great Evacuations of Choler evilly instituted by imprudent Persons, both by compressing and suppressing that over-great Efflux of Choler, if it still continue, by more gentle T [...]rt things and Opiats, often already mention'd here and there; and also by repairing the Defect of Choler, by Sauces or Medicins both Aromatical and Sharp enough; also in several Chapters mentiond, as Mustard, Horse-Radish, Cresses, Scurvy-Grass, Pepper, Ginger, Cina­mon, Cloves, Cardamoms, &c. For by the help of these Choler will not only become Sharper, but also more Plenteous in the Body, and consequently the Effervescency of Blood will be Encreas'd being before Diminisht.

89. The same Effervescency Diminisht, because of Lympha not Acid enough may be Cur'd; 1. By Chang­ing the Air hot by the Sun, or any Fire with cold Air, and betaking himself into a place under-Ground, or otherwise cool; and by correcting the Moist or Rainy, chiefly by a clear Fire, especially pre­par'd of odorous Woods kindled in a Chamber, or in any other Lodging-place.

90. 2. By often using Sowr Sauces and Medicins, the Juices of Citrons, Oranges, Currans, Barberies, Vinegar, Sorrel, Spirit of Salt, of Vitriol, of Sul­phur, of Nitre, &c. by the help whereof the thence diminisht Effervescency of Blood will be Encreast by little and little, together with the deficient Acidity of Lympha. Which that it may be sooner, Phleg­matic, Watry, Oily, and very Aromatic Food and Sauces are to be shund together, at least diminisht.

91. 3. By Diminishing Sleep, and daily Encrea­sing Watches.

92. 4. By Exercising the Body more and more with moderate stirring.

93. 5. By Busying the Mind with Cares, and a sorrowful Solicitude.

94. 6. By Restoring the familiar Monthly Flux, or Loosness supprest.

95. The same Effervescency of Blood Diminisht by too little Lympha, may be Cur'd; 1. By Encreasing the same gradually by Sowr Sauces and Medicins be­fore mentiond, daily us'd at any time in a small quan­tity.

96. 2. By taking away every Obstruction of the Lymphatic Vessels, or any other Narrowness, and the Cause of the Stoppage, and also of the Bursting of those Vessels, and so of the Effusion of Lympha, by Medicins Dissolving and Cutting Phlegm Coagulated in the fore-nam'd Vessels, and chiefly Sudorifics often prescrib'd in this Treatise; always observing that those are us'd with greater success, when the Body is compos'd to Sweat kindly, and especially when the same is driven forth; for so that hurtful Obstruction is opend easier and quicker.

97. Lastly, The aforesaid Effervescency of Blood Diminisht by the Lympha too Viscous, may be Cur'd, by using the above-mentiond Cutting Medicins, both Acid and Salt, and especially Volatil, such as are the Spirit of Salt, either simple or dulcifi'd, and all Vo­latil Salts, especially Oily, so often and deservedly recommended by us, daily and in less quantity taken, both without and with Food.

98. Mean while Viscous Food is to be shund; as al­so the cold and sharp Air, and a grievous and conti­nu'd sorrow of Mind: Instead whereof Food of easie digestion is to be us'd, Wheat-Bread rightly fermen­ted, of Flesh, those Flying rather, then Watry ad­ding [Page 139]Aromatic Sauces; and so go into, or make by Art the Air warm and dry; and let the Mind be dispos'd to Chearfulness, and recreated with grateful Objects.

99. III. The Effervescency of Blood Encreast, may be Cur'd; 1. When over-sharp Gall is its Cause, by Correcting and Tempering it chiefly by the above-reci­ted Acids, to be vari'd according to the peculiar Con­stitution of every Sick Person, and more or less to be alterd by adding other things.

100. It may be Cur'd; 2. When the Gall being too plenteous in its Bag, goes in too great plenty to the Heart, by Diminishing and Emptying it with Cho­lagogues already often describ'd by us, and chiefly in Chap. 2. Sect. 42, &c. but us'd in a lesser Dose: Lest otherwise an over-Purging or other grievous Symptoms be stirrd up.

101. They must also Abstain from farther use of Aromatic and Sharp, and especially Bitter Sauces or Medicins.

102. The same may be Cur'd; 3. When the De­scent of Choler to the Gut is Hindred, by a Phlegmatic Obstruction that is in the Passage of Choler to the Gut; by Dissolving it with such as Cut, as before in Sect. 97. and in Chap. 2. Sect. 28, 30, &c. yea, every­where describ'd.

103. And if the Obstruction of the Passage to the Gut be Gravelly, it may commodiously be Dissolv'd, both by the Decoction of Grass, or Water distilld af­ter a previous Fermentation, and also by the best Spi­rit of Nitre daily us'd with other things, and also by others more special for this Gravelly Coagulation.

104. The same may be Cur'd; 4. When Choler Swelling of its own accord, that is, by an Internal Cause, is provok'd to an Universal Effusion of it [Page 140]self, by Thickening and Fixing both Choler, and the Volatil Acid raging in the Body, chiefly by Sulphurs of Minerals or Metals, call'd Narcotics, or rather Anodyns, as also the divers Boles, and Seald Earths, especially extracted about the Gold Mines; by which that dangerous, and often deadly Effusion of fierce Choler may also be Prevented.

105. We gave you the Cure of the Disease Cholera, in Chap. 15. Sect. 34. as we intend anon in Chap. 29, &c. to give the manner of curing Burning-Fevers.

106. The same Effervescency of Blood Encreasd, may be Cur'd; 5. When the Lympha, both Volatil and Sharp, though Less in quantity, is carri'd to the Heart, and is the Cause thereof, both by Abstaining from farther use of Sauces or Medicins, that have a Volatil and Sharp Acidity, and what is noted in Sect. 43. and by Tak­ing by fits sowr Things more Tart, and diluted in a sufficient quantity of Water,

107. IV. This Effervescency of Blood perfected more speedily, because of over-Little Phlegm in it, and Choler and Lympha therefore over-sharp, and too little Temperd, may be Cur'd; 1. By Repairing and Encreasing the desir'd Phlegm with Food that breed much Phlegm, Broths prepar'd of the extreme parts of Living Creatures, the Heads and Feet of Calvs, Sheep, &c. Fishes, especially Sea-Fish, Cows and Goats Milk, &c. By Abstaining in the mean while, at least sparingly using very Sharp and Aromatic Sau­ces, or Medicins.

108. 2. By changing the Air any way Hot or Subtil into Cold and Thicker.

109. 3. By composing the Body from vehement and persevering Motion to Rest.

110. 4. By changing prolongd Watches, with longer and deeper Sleep.

111. 5. By freeing the Mind from grievous and molesting Cares and Solicitudes.

112. 6. By stopping and curing a Phlegmatic Diarrhaea, or any other preternatural Deflux or Efflux of a Phlegmatic Humor, as is explaind in its proper place.

113. V. The Effervescency of Blood proceding too slowly by the Abundance of Phlegm, especially Viscous, and therefore the Sluggishness of Choler and Lympha, may be Cur'd with the Diet and Medicins propos'd both in Chap. 2. Sect. 28, &c. and also in this Chap. Sect. 96, &c. and elsewhere.

114. The Deprav'd and Ʋnequal, or Inordinate Ef­fervescency of Blood, by the Ʋnequal Flux made to the Heart, either of Choler, or of Lympha, or of the Liquor arising from the Ternarie of Humors Flowing together to the Small Gut, or of any other Humor only as not enough observd, or of More to­gether, whether in the form of a Liquor, or Vapor, may be Cur'd; both, 1. by Correcting the Fault of every Humor any way peccant: And, 2. by Re­straining the vitious Effervescency of more flowing to­gether: And, 3. by Amending or Discussing vitious Vapors, or Wind then raisd: And, 4. by Composing the Mind troubl'd with any grievous Passion, the most frequent and potent Cause of divers Humors con­fusedly mov'd: And, 5. by Shunning or Tempering the Air or hurtful Food, the more rare, and l [...]ss po­tent Cause of the aforesaid agitation of the Ha­mors.

115. 1. How and by what means the [...]au [...] of every Humor in Mans Body hitherto known, oug [...] [...]e Corrected, is often said afore.

116. And because I made mention in Sect. 50 and 53, of this Chapter, of other Humors that (to my knowledg) as yet are not known and seen by any; which I said I suspected not without cause, were in Man, and also were mixt with the Blood returning to the Heart, either immediately or mediately, and being vitiated, did wonderfully somtimes disturb the Effervescency of the Blood, nor yet have I nam'd or shown them, this deservedly movd a famous Physici­an, who was pleasd to peruse these precedent things being Printed, to advise me, that I would at least in a word or two explain what I had said, lest I should seem to have deceivd any one, and lay open some of those Humors that were conjectur'd by me: To whose acute and exact judgment, as I always attri­buted much, so I judg'd his Counsel in this Matter to be follow'd by me.

117. Many things somtimes testifie, both in Heal­thy and Sick Persons, that somthing from the Testi­cles, or other parts ministring to the generation of Seed, especially in those that are vigorous, and produce much of potent Seed, goes through and passes into the Universal Body, which may much and strongly affect it. To which saying, not only Effeminate Gel­ded Persons give assurance, but both Men and Wo­men more chearful to Venery, and somtimes stirrd up by an unexplicable fury of natural Lust, and especi­ally at meeting the Object potently moving the Sen­ses, and wonderfully making commotion in the Fan­cy; whence, when they cannot obtain their Wishes, or it is not convenient, the infinite Histories full of commiseration noted by Physicians, do teach and evince with how many Evils those miserable People are therefore thence vex'd and opprest.

118. This same is confirmd by sweet and grateful [Page 143]Flesh of Gelded Brutes, Oxen, Weathers, Capons, &c. much differing from the Flesh of Ungelded Brutes, Bulls, Rams, Dunghil-Cocks, &c. rank and ungrateful in taste.

119. Add that Brutes no less than Men are wont very much to fatten after Gelding; and Men made Eunuchs, before ripeness of Years, do seldom send forth much of a manly Beard, or get a Man-like Voice.

120. That all these things are to be deduc'd from a Spermatic Vapor disperst through the parts of the Universal Body, as well containing as contain'd, ma­ny things evince, which to set forth in many words cannot be done here.

121. Beside the Testicles, there are observd, up and down in Mans Body, Glandules more or less differing from the rest, as those of the Kidneys, and those other call'd Tracheales, in which that a Singular Humor is produc'd, and immediately or mediately to be communicated to the Blood, their singular Fa­bric proves.

122. Among these deservedly may the Glandule Thymus be numbred, of the kind of those that are Conglomerated, whose proper Voiding Vessels, as they are hitherto unfound out by all Anatomists, at least to my knowledg, so the Liquor whatsoever carri'd through them, and so its true Ʋse is even now un­known to all.

123. And because I being detaind perpetually with manifold Businesses, could not be at leisure hi­therto to search according to my wish what I desir'd of these and other things, I have often exhorted many of mine Auditors, ingenious and industrious in Anatomy, to search these and such-like parts more diligently; whereby, if it may be, they might search [Page 144]out these and many more things, that as yet lie hid from us, and manifest to the Studious with the praise and commendation of their name; which lastly I here make public again, and wish happy success to every one.

124. Therefore until the Mentiond Humors, or Vapors be seen by Us, we will be silent a while con­cerning their various Vices and convenient Reme­dies, whereby returning into the way we may teach, As often as more Humors together, and that divers ways are judg'd to be peccant, and therefore more intricatly to vitiate the Effervescency of Blood, so often those things are to be sought out by and premis'd before others, which do chiefly help the more urgent Humor, or distemperature, or else the general Remedies so to be temper'd, that they may together amend the Harms of every one, and cherish or encrease none. Where there is [...]ed of an experienc'd Judgment by the long use [...]hings, and of an accurate Observation of those [...]ing's that Help and Hurt; which things being [...]g [...]cted, a Physician, very Careless, cannot but of­ [...]h deceiv'd to the detriment of the Sick.

125. 2. Opiats restrain any Effervescency of Hu­a [...]s before many others, and universally: to which ot [...] [...]hings may be added that also temper Them, as [...] [...]er requires, and according to the diversi­ [...] [...] [...]rs most peccant, whose forms we have of [...] [...].

[...] We have often prescrib'd in this Trea­tis [...] and [...]pecially in Chap. 9. Sect. 23, &c. those thing [...] [...] Amend and Discuss Vapors and Wind.

[...] Solid Reasons compose the Mind troubled [...], and di [...]arbing all the Humors in the Body [...] [...]o the Sick Min [...] by Manly reasoning, and [Page 145]by potently compelling its Assent both to former serenity, and also leading and confirming it pati­ently and stoutly to bear the most troublesom things, when they cannot be alterd.

128. 5. By what means both hurtful Food, and vitions Air, ought to be shund or corrected, is often told before.

129. Seeing that the Ʋnequal Afflux to the Heart, one while of Choler, anon of Lympha, or of any other hurtful Humor which stirs up an Inordinate Efferves­cency of Blood in the Heart, arises as well from di­vers Passions of Mind, as the other Non-natural Things diversly, but suddenly and reciprocally in­vading the Sick, it may be Cur'd, also by divers helps, as well Spiritual, consisting in a consequent reason­ing, as Corporal known by the name of Medicins, often to be chang'd, or ingeniously to be mixt, ac­cording to the diversity of accompanying Symp­toms.

130. Seeing all these things may without difficul­ty be had out of what is aforesaid, lest we should cause loathing by continually repeting them to the Reader, we will rather hasten to what follows, study­ing brevity.

CHAP. XX. Of the Motion of Blood through the Lungs affected.

1. THe Blood raising an Effervescency, waxing Hot, and Rarefying in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, opens its Passage by degrees more and more, till by that displaying the provoked Heart contracts its musculous substance by the help of the Animal Spi­rits, and also presses out the Blood containd into the Artery of the Lungs; out of which being pourd through the substance of the Lungs (which seems most probable to me) into the Vein of the Lungs, goes on unto the left Ear of the Heart, and its left Ventricle.

2. And whilst the Blood goes through the Lungs, it is mildly temperd in its Heat and warmness, and more or less condensd by the Air suck'd in, lest the newly kindled Vital Fire in the Heart and Blood should be Suffocated by over-plenteous Vapors raisd up by too much heat.

3. This Motion of Blood through the Lungs is Affected. 1. When there is None; 2. When it is too Slow; 3. When it procedes too Swiftly; 4. When the Blood is driven forward another way, than it ought.

4. I. There is No Motion of Blood through the Lungs. 1. Because of its Defect in the Right Ven­tricle of the Heart, the Hollow Vein being greatly wounded, and almost all the Blood, that should otherwise flowd to the Heart, effusd within or with­out the Body.

5. 2. Because of its Coagulation and Concretion, although I can scarce imagine a sudden exceeding great one, unless perhaps in the most grievous Syn­cope, by a Sowr sharp Humor carri'd abundantly to the Heart; as we observ'd has often been done by sowr Spirits infus'd by a Syringe into some notable Vein of a Dog.

6. 3. Because of the Contraction of the Heart cea­sing in a most vehement Apoplexie, by reason of the Motion of the Animal Spirits through the Nerves to every part hinderd.

7. 4. Because of too much Filling again of the Vessels of the Lungs, both often in an extreme Ple­thora, and seldom in any Obstruction of most of the Vessels of the Lungs.

8. When this Ʋniversal Motion of Blood through all the Vessels of the Lungs, is very much hindred, and ceases, or is Extinguisht by the defect of Blood; or Suffocated by its plenty, or standing still; they soon die, unless suddenly the Blood abounding be di­minisht by breathing a Vein, or flowing more plen­teously be turnd another way, as the Matter requires.

9. When the Blood ceasing to move only in some Vessels of the Lungs by reason of an Obstruction stands still there for some time, it breeds a Peripneumonia, that is, an Inflammation of the Lungs.

10. II. Blood is mov'd more slowly through the Lungs; either, 1. because of its Viscousness, pro­duc'd by Phlegm alike Viscous, whencesoever ari­sing.

11. Or, 2. because of the Narrowness of their Vessels, though not extreme.

12. Or, 3. because of the Scarcity of the Ani­mal Spirits moving the Heart more weakly; whe­ther they have been consum'd too much by Grief, [Page 148]Watchings, solicitous Meditations, Cares, Weary­ings of the Body, &c. Or if they have not been re­pais'd by protracted Hunger, at least the defect▪ or neglect of Spiritous Food.

13. III. Blood is mov'd more speedily through the Lungs; Either, 1. because of its encreast Fluidity by any serous Humor abounding in it.

14. Or, 2. because of over-great Heat in the Heart stir [...]d up any way, together with a more potent and therefore swifter Rarefaction of Blood.

15. Or, 3. because of a Sharp Humor or Vapor carri'd together with the Blood to the Heart, and provoking it to a more frequent contraction of it self, and expulsion of the Blood contain'd.

16. IV. The Blood driven forward through the Lungs, is mov'd another way than should be; 1. When it breaks forth into the Sharp Arterie, out of its Vessels corroded or burst, and is anon cast out by the Mouth in the Haemoptoc, that is, Spitting of Blood.

17. 2. When it is essus'd into the Substance of the Lungs, out of its Vessels any way opend, and produ­ces a Peripneumonie.

18. 3. When it falls out of its Vessels Wounded into the Cavity of the Brest, where being gatherd and chang'd into Matter, constitutes an Empyema, or Spitting of Matter.

19. The Vessels of the Lungs are often Corroded by sharp, and salt, or sowr Humors falling down out of the Head to the Lungs; seldom, if ever, by such-like carri'd together with Blood to the Lungs.

20. The same Vessels are Burst; 1. By a Cough, Crying aloud, Leaping, or any other over-vehement M [...]ti [...]n of Body.

21. 2. By Blood waxing too potently warm in the [Page 149]Heart, and withal too much Distending the Vessels of the Lungs by waxing too thin.

22. The same Vessels are Wounded by any sharp Instrument, a Knife, Sword, or any other like it struck into the Lungs through the Brest or Midrif, piercing and cutting their Vessels.

23. I. The Motion of Blood in and through the Lungs Deficient, because of its defect in the Right Ventricle of the Heart cannot be Cur'd.

24. A strong and sudden Coagulation and Concre­tion of Blood is to be esteemd Incurable; but that which comes by degrees, and is gradually encreasd, may be Cur'd by Medicins that break and temper the over­sharp Acidity, and so such as are both Spiritous and Oily, and especially have a Lixiviat Salt; although volatil oily Salts do chiefly conduce to Man, as consist­ing of all and every thing that is aforesaid, and are not only transfus'd, most speedily every way in the Body, but do potently enough, though mildly ef­fect and perfect the desired amendment of the over­sharp Sowr Humor, if diluted, and often us'd in a convenient Liquor.

25. Among the Medicins commonly known, Crabs-Eyes are deservedly mentiond, being dissolvd in Wine a little Sowr, or in a little distild Vinegar, (whereby they may the easier mix with the Acid Humor peccant in the Body). For Example;

℞. Hyssop, Fenel-Water, of each ℥ i. ss. Matthio­lus his Aqua Vitae ℥ i. distild Vinegar ʒ ii. Crabs-Eyes pouderd ʒ ss. Syr. of Scurvy-grass ℥ i. M.

Or, ℞. Mint-Water ℥ ii. ss. Simple Treacle-Wa­ter ʒ vi. Tincture of Castor ʒ ii. Sp. of Salt Ar­moniac ℈ i. Oil of Orange-Peel 6 drops. Syr. of Fenel ℥ i. M.

The first Mixture will be less effectual, but more [Page 150]grateful; the latter less grateful, but more efficaci­ous; both us'd by Spoonfuls, will conduce to tem­per the too sharp Acid Humor; although the latter is to be preferd, when any thing of Tartness shall be observd to concur, whose chief sign is any Straitness tending to the Hypochondriac Suffocation, whether it rise up to the Jaws, or stick about the Midrif, and beget inexplicable anxieties to the Sick, continually threatning a present Swouning.

26. The Contraction of the Heart ceasing in a vehe­ment Apoplexie, will never be Cur'd, nor easily pre­vented, unless by very Spiritous and Aromatic Li­quors often us'd, Matthiolus his Aqua Vitae, Apoplectic Waters and such-like; mean while not neglecting other things that correct and educe the Antecedent Causes of the Apoplexie to be propos'd elsewhere.

27. A Plethora of Blood is soon and safely Cur'd, by a sufficient Emptying of it by opening a Vein; whether it be together and at once, or by repeted turns, according to the peculiar nature and strength of the Sick. For there are many who cannot bear to have much taken away together, but soon fall in­to a Swouning; by which seeing none can at any time receive any good, I had rather that it should be prevented, as often as may be, and every Cure be done securely rather than rashly, seeing it often hap­pens to those rash Blood-Letters, that they educe Life together with the Blood: Whereof there is no danger, if the Blood be taken in a smaller quantity by short spaces, to be stopt as soon as the least sign appears of a present Swouning; and after that, if the Disease still require, again to be taken away with more benefit to the Sick.

28. The Reason, Generation, and Cure of an Obstructi­on and Inflammation following it, shall particularly be treated anon in Chap. 40.

29. II. The over-slow Motion of Blood through the Lungs, may be Cur'd; 1. By Correcting its Phlegma­tic Viscousness, by Medicins that Cut and Attenuate, whether Spiritous, or Salt, or Oily, or somtimes Acid, us'd either alone, or prudently mixt, often propos'd.

30. 2. By taking away the present Straitness of the Vessels diversly according to the diversity of the Causes peccant; but of these things elsewhere.

31. 3. By Repairing the want of the Animal Spi­rits contracting the Heart too weakly, both by tak­ing often Food very Spiritous, strong Wine, and espe­cially its Spirit, as well simple, as many ways Aro­matiz'd with the addition of divers things, seldom alone and pure, often broken and diluted with the mixture of grateful watry Liquors; and also by shunning, and moderating Cares, and Watchings, night Studies, prolongd Weariness of Body, &c.

32. III. The over-swift Motion of Blood through the Lungs, may be Cur'd; 1. By diminishing its Flu­idity by Thickning Food or Medicins.

33. Of Food use Feet, and other extreme parts of Brutes abounding with Gelie, and so Fishes, and especially Sea-Fish.

34. Let the Drink be Red Wine, and a little harsh, or Steeld Beer, or made Medicinal with any more grateful Astringents.

35. Among Medicins we mention Diascordium, new Treacle, and every kind of Sealed Earth, Harts-Horn, &c.

36. The Pills of Hounds-Tongue correct the Salt Serous Humor before all other things, taken daily once or twice to two or three Grains; instead where­of these of Styrax following may be prepar'd and us'd in like quantity.

℞. Styrax Calamita, Juice of Licorice thickned or extracted, Olibanum, red Myrrh. Opium of The­bes, of each ʒ ss. Oriental Saffron ℈ i. with Syr. of white Poppies as much as is sufficient. Make it a Mass of Pills.

37. If Troches please better, use the following form, or one like it.

℞ White Henbane, white Poppie-Seeds, of each ʒ ss. Male Frankincense, red Myrrh, of each ℈ i. best Saffron ℈ ss. Juice of Licorice thickend ʒ i. Su­gar of Marsh-malows ℥ ss. Gum-Dragon dissolvd in Rose-Water ʒ i. M. to be small Troches accord­ing to Art.

Let the Sick keep one of these often in his Mouth, and swallow it by degrees. Also Opium of Thebes ʒ ss. may be mixt with Them, whence any Acri­mony of Humors may more powerfully be corre­cted.

38. 2. The over-quick Motion of Blood through the Lungs, may be Cur'd, by tempering its Heat en­creasd in the Heart by Sowr and Watry things, of which consists Sempervivum Majus, Plantane, Night­shade, Sorrel, &c. that allay the heat of Blood more mildly or more potently.

39. 3. The same over-quick Motion of Blood through the Lungs, may be Cur'd, by Tempering the sharp Humor (carri'd to the Heart) by those that are Spiritous, Oily, and especially Opiats, and others often mentiond; and also when it abounds, Educing it by Hydragogues often mentiond.

40. Sharp Vapors also carri'd to the Heart, are to be Temperd with the same, and Discussd by Spiritous Diaphoreties, having both a Simple and Oily Volatil Salt. Their new Production ought to he hindred espe­cially by Opiats and Anodyns, most convenient to the [Page 153]Constitution and Accompanying Symptoms.

41. IV. The Blood Essus'd through the Lungs Mov'd another way than whither it ought, may be Cur'd; 1. In the Spitting of Blood, the burst or corroded Ves­sels being speedily Consolidated by the Mixture de­scrib'd in Chap. 9. Sect. 20. or one like it, being oft taken by Spoonfuls: presently Turning the Blood from the Lungs that flowd too plenteously in a Plethora by a Vein opend in the Arm, or in either or both Feet; Lastly, The Sharp Salt, or Sowr Humors that de­scend from the Head, being Corrected by those be­fore mentiond in Sect. 35, &c. Opiats, and mild Aro­matics. Also by Curing, or Shunning Coughing, Shouting, Leaping, or any other too vehement Motion of the Body.

42. When the Vessels of the Lungs are distended near breaking by the Blood Kindled, and waxing too thin, the Blood is to be let out speedily by Opening a Vein, and temperd, moreover taking cooling Julaps in a sufficient quantity, especially prepar'd of those that are Watry and Sowr. For Example;

℞ Barley-Water ℥ xx. Julap of Roses ℥ iii. Oil of Sulphur prepar'd by a Glass-Bell, as much as suf­fices for an Acidity grateful to the Sick. M.

Let the Sick often drink a moderat Draught, till the Heat be observd to be moderat.

43. The Cure of a Peripneumonie is to be seen in Chap. 40.

44. The most Wounds of the Great Vessels of the Lungs are wont to be deadly; but the Cure of the Lesser, and also of Spitting of Matter, shall be given elsewhere.

CHAP. XXI. Of the Alteration of Blood by Air Inspired, and Expired Deprav'd.

1. THe most do judg that Respiration was ordaind to temper the heat of Blood, over-heated by the Effervescency newly describ'd in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, because a more evident Heat is observd in the Universal Body, and especially in the Heart of those living Creatures that have Lungs, and there­fore a double Ventricle in the Heart; which that it is allayd and temperd by the Air Inspired, is evident by inconveniences following the Air that is less fit to moderate it.

2. As I do not deny that this is, so I judg the Air inspired does chiefly conduce again to condense the Blood much rarefi d in the Right Ventricle of the Heart.

3. But how, or after what manner and way the Inspired Air alters the Blood to both these ends, is not so manifest. I think it is, in as much as the Ni­trous and somwhat Acid parts are disperst in the Air, that are able to condense the hot and rarefi'd Blood, and mildly lay its heat.

4. I distinguish between the Somwhat-acid and Nitrous parts of the Air; seeing that the more or less Acid is more simple, and the Nitrous more com­pounded, to wit, of Acids, but not any, but such as are also Oily, joind with a lixiviat Salt; which the artificial, that is, Chymical Solution and Com­position of Nitre makes manifest.

5. That manifold parts flie in the Air, not only Watry, Fiery, and Earthy, but also Oily, Spiritous, Lixiviat and Acid Salts, divers ways more or less mixt with all of these, the many Experiments not unknown to sedulous Searchers of Chymical Chan­ges do evince, although most abstruse to Lazy Coun­terfeit Philosophers every-where, and pratling Ca­villers; which somtimes, if the Matter require, we intend to publish, for their sakes who are good and addicted to one Truth, with many others out of our own Observations, as yet unpublished, by the blessing of God, plenteous enough, though our Adversaries snarle at it.

6. This Tempering to be made in the Lungs no less useful, than necessary by Air Inspired is Deprav'd, either when there is None, or too Little, or somtimes too Much.

7. There is no Tempering of the Blood, when very hot and quiet Air is the cause; whence a Man often fals into a grievous Swouning, or Death it self; The Blood being highly rarefi'd and fluid, and therefore overwhelming and suffocating its internal Fire, for want of the newly mentiond Nitrous or Acid parts.

8. The Blood is more sparingly temperd by the Air Inspired, with the same Cause but lighter, when the Sowr and Nitrous Parts are fewer or more sluggish; at least fewer are suckt in by Inspiration, than were desired to temper equally the present and urging heat, and rarefaction of Blood.

9. Fewer Parts of Acid or Nitrous Air are drawn in, because of Inspiration it self hindred, which is to be explaind in the next following Chapter.

10. The Nitrous or Acid parts are too Few or Slug­gish in the Air by very great Heat or Moisture in it; a Sign whereof moreover, if not also a Cause, is usu­ally a great Calm of Air.

11. The Oily parts of the Air rarefie potently, but the Salt and Sowr are allayd and become too sluggish by the Beams of the Sun, both Fiery and Spiritous, the most frequent cause of the hot Air; as being dissolvd by watry or rainy Moisture, they are weakned; whence no wonder if such being suckd in, are less fit to temper the heat of the Blood.

12. The use of Bellows so very useful in modera­ting the heat of the Air by a mild agitation, evinceth the quiet Air to be less fit to temper the Blood, than when it is but a little mov'd.

13. As it is evident that Cold is produc'd by any Wind, or by the motion of the Bellows from the Sense of Cold in the external parts receiving the Air so mov'd; which I judg is partly by the discussion of the Fiery Parts collected about us, the heat of the Air urging, and therefore producing a greater heat in us; partly by the bringing together and gathering of the Nitrous and Acid Parts, first either broken, or driven away every whither and remov'd from each other by the fiery Parts; at least by more plenty and efficacy of those fiery less perceived by Sense.

14. The Blood carrid through the Lungs, is too much Temperd, that is, Condensd and Coold by the Air Inspir'd, when the Nitrous or Acid parts abound in the Air, by which often especially in the Winter-Season, the North Wind blowing, and in the Regi­ons near the cold Zone, and chiefly when the Univer­sal Body was first too hot, then Blood is so coagulated in the Lungs, that it begets an Obstruction in its Ves­sels, or middle windings of the Lungs; whence fol­lows always a Stoppage of Blood it self, and somtimes a Bursting of the Vessels by their Distension, and an Effusion of Blood, together with a Peripneumonie en­creasd by the Blood continually flowing to it; and [Page 157]after the Aposteme is opend, a Consumption of the Lungs call'd Phthisis, and afterward for the most part Death.

15. The Tempering of Blood in the Lungs Abolisht and Diminisht, may be Cur'd, by changing the very Hot Air with Cold, whether Natural or Artificial. For such Air Caves and Cellars under ground, not seldom Nitrous are wont to contain. Such do we make by Art by diluting Nitre, or Salt Armoniac in Water, and presently pouring it out on the Chamber-floor; or by sprinkling sharp Vinegar alone, or mixt in like manner with Water; or in like manner cast­ing sowrish Plants, or their Leaves and Flowers in the Chambers, by the help of all which we encrease Sowr and Nitrous Parts in the Air.

16. The great Calm of Air by the Winds quite laid is artificially to be stird by Bellows, or any other way stirring up the Wind.

17. The moisture of Cloudy Air is corrected, by making a clear fire with Wood.

18. The following Chapter will teach how Re­spiration hindred may be Cur'd.

19. The too great Condensation, and Cooling of Blood carri'd through the Lungs, may be Cur'd, by changing the over-sharp and cold Air, for hotter and more calm; and by kindling in a fit Chamber, Fires great enough; and by using Medicins that allay the Nitrous and Acid parts of Air admitted.

20. How to Cure the other harms following this chill Air Inspir'd, and before mention'd, shall be shown beneath in Chap. 40. where expresly shall be handled of an Inflammation.

CHAP. XXII. Of the Inspiration of Air Deprav'd.

1. WE said in the former Chapter, that the Air was both Inspir'd, and also Expir'd mildly to condense, and cool the Blood waxing hot out of the Right Ventricle of the Heart, and driven for­ward through the Lungs to the Left Ventricle.

2. This Inspiration of Air happens, as often as at the expanding of the Midrif downward, and ele­vating the Thorax upward, the Lungs adjoind to both are together dilated; as we judg we have pro­ved it abundantly in many things in Our Eighth Physical Disputation.

3. The same Inspiration of Air is Deprav'd; 1. When it Ceases, or is Abolisht. 2. When it is not sufficient, and therefore is too Frequent. 3. When it is with pain and Difficulty.

4. I. The Inspiration of Air is said by me to Cease, when there is no need thereof; which happens both in the Syncope, and in some kinds of Hypochon­driac Suffocation; in which a Man somtimes may want all Respiration, at least manifest to Sense for a notable time, (to wit, whole dayes without the change of Life with Death) of which only true Phy­sicians are wont to speak, judging by what is ob­servd by Sense, yielding the Imaginary Respiration to imagining Doctors.

5. But then there is no necessity of Inspired Air, because there is no notable Burning of Blood raisd in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, there happening no notable Rarefaction of the same; wherefore the [Page 159]Blood having no heat there needs no Tempering, its desired Rarefaction no condensing; but the Ventri­cles of the Heart are not very much expanded, or otherwise provok'd to contract it self in such a Dis­ease; whence the Pulse then is Deficient to Sense of necessity. Of which see also Chap. 19. Sect. 14, &c.

6. The same Inspiration of Air is said by me to be Abolisht; when its need of being inspir'd doth urge, there being a notable Effervescency and Rarefaction of Blood in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, the Pulse remaining great and strong enough, though for a short space, yet the Inspiration it self Ceases, and is suddenly taken away, in the forementiond Suffocation or Strangulation.

7. The Inspiration of Air so necessary to Life be­ing full of motion is Abolisht, either by the fault of the Thorax and Midrif, or of the Lungs and Waies.

8. I think that Inspiration cannot be Abolisht by the fault of the Breast, or Midrif alone, although when both are deficient together in their Motion, no­thing hinders but that it may be.

9. They are Deficient together in their Motion, when all the parts are destitute of the Animal Spirits, and hence of Sense and Motion in the most grievous Apoplexie, whence Death succedes certainly and sud­denly.

10. The Inspiration of Air may be Abolisht by the fault of the Lungs, when the sharp Arterie is strait­ned after any extreme manner.

11. The Inspiration of Air may be Abolisht by the fault of the Waies tending to the Lungs, when either the Mouth and Nostrils together are quite stopt, or the Throat is obstructed or comprest excedingly, in the Suffocating Catarrh so call'd, the Squinsie, Strangu­lation, &c.

12. The Inspiration of Air is not sufficient, and ther­fore also Frequent; Both, 1. by the fault of the Blood carrid through the Lungs; and, 2. of the Brest; and 3. of the Midrif; and, 4. of the Lungs; and, 5. their Waies.

13. 1. This happens by the fault of Blood carrid through the Lungs, as often as it being too much Kind­led and Rarefi'd in the Heart, cannot be enough tem­perd by the Air, inspir'd in its wonted quantity and manner; but requires more of it than is usual; wherefore, the Expansion of the Brest and Midrif is both Greater, and especially more Frequent to help that defect, and that more Air may be inspired; see­ing that it is more easily hastned then augmented; add that an often iterated Inspiration of a little ex­ternal Air, is more convenient to temper continually the Blood too much raising an Effervescency, than too great plenty of it coming more seldom.

14. 2. The Inspiration of Air is not sufficient, and therefore too Frequent by the fault of the Brest▪ when it cannot be lifted up, and expanded enough, and as much as ought, both because of the Gristles of the Brest too much hardned, and especially because of a Pleurisie hindring the Dilatation of the Brest, by reason of the Pain accompanying.

15. 3. The Inspiration of Air is not Sufficient, and therefore too frequent by the fault of the Midrif, either when it cannot conveniently be stird up in its double and reciprocal Motion, because of its proper Disease, especially an Inflammation, or when it can­not be enough expanded downward by want of spa [...]e in the Belly, and other Impediments there; as it usually falls out in a grievous Dropsie call'd Ascites, or when the Child lies high in the Womb, the Stomach or Guts di­stended with Wind, &c.

16. 4. The Inspiration of Air is not Sufficient, and therefore too frequent by fault of the Lungs, when their Ʋniversal Substance, or at least the most part is too little spongie, and too small, or they are troubled with a Peripneumonie, or urg'd only with a mode­rate Straitness of the notable Branches of the Sharp Ar­terie.

17. The Substance of the Lungs is too little Spun­gie, as often as it is too Fleshy and Solid, such as I have often found in the Dissecting of several after Death; or also wrinkled, such as have been somtime in like manner observd [...]y me: although I think it very hard, if not impossible to render the adequate Cause of this Disease; yet I conjecture that the Substance of the Lungs becomes too Fleshy and Solid, as often as it is both lightly fretted, and again consolidated and nourished so, that by degrees its Flesh becomes more solid by the too sharp, together with the too viscous Blood in the middle part between the Arteries and Veins.

18. I refer the Wrinkling of its Substance to be ta­ken from the over-Tart and Sharp Blood rather po­ [...]ently contracting, than truly nourishing it there [...]ightly fretted; unless perhaps it happen by Matter or Water likewise tart, gatherd in the Cavity of the Brest, and by degrees piercing and binding it.

19. 5. The Inspiration becomes more Frequent, be­cause not Sufficient, by the fault of the Waies grant­ [...]ng passage for the Air to the Lungs, when the N [...] ­ [...]trils only are more or less stopt, both continually in an Hurt, or by Chance, &c. commonly inbred, or by an external Cause, often accidental, the harm be­ [...]ng adventitious and permanent, and often by spac [...]s [...]n a Disease that troubles somtimes more, other­ [...]imes less, as in the Stuffing of the Head, a P [...]lypus, &c. [Page 162]and somtimes by External Things put up the No­strils, whence the Inspiration of Air is then to be made with open Mouth; which will therefore be more hindred, and so more frequent; and yet more, if the Sick be to speak or walk for a space; especially if he must hasten.

20. The same may hap, if the Entrance of the Throat be more or l [...]ss st [...]pt with thick and viscous Phlegm, or the Tonsills be Inflamed, or otherwise Swelld, and stop up the way at least in part of the Air to be Inspired, in which Disease a more frequent Inspiration is observd, whether it procede from a Straitness of the Waies alone, or the Trouble come (which to me is most probable) by the over-cold Air too plenteously suckt in at once; to shun which, a more frequent and also less Inspiration may be or­derd.

21. III. The Inspiration of Air which is with Dif­ficulty, is generally call'd Dyspnaea; the chief kinds whereof are an Hard Breathing, Orthopnaea Asthma, Incubus, and Hypochondriac Suffocation, joind with the Fear or Sense of Strangling: To which we may add an Interrupted and Hindred Inspiration in the Hicket, Sighing, and pricking pains of the Pleu­risie.

22. In a simple Hard Breathing, the Inspiration is wont to be little and also quick; but in an Orthop­naea less quick and much greater, and indeed with the Neck streight, and stretcht forth; as in an Asth­ma there is observd, besides a more difficult Inspiration proceding, with Labour, a Wheazing or Snoaring in the Brest, together with a Cough, in which often somthing is spitted out, often nothing; with the Night-Mare to them only that sleep, and especially on their Backs, a Dream of weight pressing the Midrif, and threatning [Page 163]a Suffocation is join'd; whence Melancholic People are often wont to dote wonderful things to them­selves, of a certain or uncertain Person hated. The Jaws are so streind in the Hypochondriac Suffocation depraving Inspiration, (more commonly befalling People awake than asleep) that the Sick think them­selves in danger of Strangulation.

23. In an Hicket, Inspiration is interrupted by un­certain and unequal Intervals, by reason of the Con­vulsive Motion of the Midrif, somtimes more, other­times less; which suffers a continued though lesser Interruption, joind with oftness whilst Sighs do urge; as in a Pleurisie it is chiefly interrupted, as often as the Feverish Heat urging more, there is an endeavour of more Breath.

24. Every Dyspnaea is stirrd up, both for the most part by Wind, or Vapors produc'd in the Small Gut by Phlegm rarefi'd by Choler, and rising up partly through the Stomach and Gullet to the Mouth, hence perhaps piercing farther into the Pipes of the Lungs, with the inspired Air; and partly, being carrid plenteously through the Lacteal Veins, and Passage of the Thorax to the upper Hollow Vein, hence the Right Ventricle of the Heart; lastly, the Vessels of the Lungs, and their spungie Substance it self, stick there, and so hindring their explication no less requi­site than complication, thence strangely and sorely vexing the Sick; and somtimes by viscous Phlegm falling down out of the Head, and seizing on the Pipes of the Lungs, and producing a divers narrow­ness in them. Whence according to the simplicity or complication of these Causes, and so a greater or less harm, sundry kinds of the Dyspnaea do arise, and somtimes less, other-times greater.

25. In the Asthma and Orthopnaea for the most part [Page 164]both Causes concur, although in the Asthma, which is call'd Hidden, Vapors or Wind only seems (in my thoughts) to molest; and that the same do effect all in the Hard Breathing, and Hypochondriac Strangula­tion, whosoever attentivly examins, and weighs all the Symptoms then befalling the Sick will easily ac­knowledg.

26. We intend to give you the Breeding, and Cure of the Hicket, Sighs, and the Pleurisie, in the next and 40th Chapter.

27. I. We have related somthing of the Cure of the Syncope, and the most grievous kinds of Hypochon­driac Suffocation, in Chap. 19. Sect. 70, &c. which may there be seen.

28. The Inspiration of Air Abolisht, the Brest and Midrif being deficient together in their Motion, by the defect of the Animal Spirits in the most grievous Apoplexie, is Incurable, because any impediment can­not be soon enough taken away, by which the rising of the Nerves is so comprest, that Passage for the Animal Spirits through Them to the lower parts is deni'd.

29. The Inspiration of Air Abolisht, because the Sharp Arterie is much straitned, may be estemed for Incurable, unless the Blood, Matter, Phlegm, or any other thing which fills it, be soon expelld with strong Expiration; or the Band that straitens it in its Strangulation be taken away.

30. The same Inspiration Abolisht, the Mouth, and Nostrils being both stopt, may be Cur'd, by taking away forth-with the Causes stopping, lest other­wise Death follow in a short while.

31. So the Inspiration of Air Abolisht by an Ob­struction of the Jaws, and chiefly of the Throat, may be Cur'd, by speedily removing any Cause of an Ob­struction, [Page 165]either by drawing it out, or by forcing it into the Gullet, and hence to the Stomach.

32. The same may be Cur'd, there being an ex­treme Straitness of the Throat because of the Squin­sie molesting, by curing the Squinsie any way, by letting of Blood in the Limbs to turn it away, and under the Tongue to draw it forth, and by Cata­plasms and Gargarisms, both of a potently Cutting, Ripening Faculty, and such-like.

33. If the Inspiration of Air be Abolisht by the compression of the Throat by an Halter, it may be Cur'd if the Halter be loosd or cut in time.

34. II. The over-Frequent Inspiration of Air; 1. Because of the encreasd Kindling and Rarefacti­on of Blood in the Heart may be Cur'd, that Heat being allaid, as well by Letting Blood, as by tem­perat Acids, or Salt Nitre, either pure, or after it has been fir'd by the help of Sulphur into the Salt, or Stone call'd Prunellae.

35. 2. The Inspiration of Air not sufficient, and therefore ton Frequent, arising by the hindred due explication of the Brest, the Gristles being of a bo­ny hardness, and so inflexible, cannot be Cur'd, un­less by softning the Gristles; which what Medicins can perform, is known as yet but to a few; although there have been some, who have even softned any Bones, bow'd them variously, and again have hard­ned them according to their pleasure, which is admi­rable.

36. The Cure of an Hindred and over-Frequent Inspiration, because of the Pain of the Pleurisie fol­lows the Cure of the Pleurisie, to be had in the ge­neral Method of Curing any Inflammation, of which see Chap. 40.

37. 3. The Inspiration of Air two Frequent and [Page 166]hindred, following an Inflammation of the Midrif, may be Cur'd, that being cur'd according to the fore­cited general Method.

38. The same Inspiration hindred, because the Midrif is hindred in its expansion, may be Cur'd, in the Dropsie call'd Ascites, by emptying Water out of the Cavity of the Belly any way; when the Woman is with Child, by sending out the Birth; in the Tym­panie, when the Stomach or Guts are distended with Wind, by thrusting them forth, or by their own cea­sing.

39. 4. The Inspiration of Air not Sufficient and too frequent, following the Substance of the Lungs, either made too Fleshy and Solid, or Wrinkled, is by me esteem'd Incurable.

40. The same caus'd by a Peripneumonie, may be Cur'd, it being Cur'd after the manner of other In­flammations.

41. The same when to be ascrib'd to a mean strait­ness of the notable Branches of the Sharp Arterie, may be Cur'd, the Cause of that Straitness being taken away, somtimes Internal filling its Branches more or less, somtimes External, and sticking in the substance of the Lungs and compressing them; of which in general we must speak elsewhere.

42. Here you may observe, as often as the Sharp Arterie is stopt with Phlegm, whether fluid, or vis­cous, or sharp, or mild, or with Blood clotterd or dissolvd, or with Putresi'd Matter thick or thin; or somtimes in those that are duckt in the Water, pier­cing into the Lungs, so often the Cure may be begun and promoted, somtimes only by letting out the Wa­ter receivd in, more oft [...]n by a Cough stirrd up by what is containd in them; whose expulsion somtimes either those things that Cut, or Thicken may help, [Page 167]being vari'd according to the variety of what is to be thrown forth, often to be taken in a mean quan­tity.

43. You may also observe, that here a Vomit is somtimes commodiously enough ordaind, seeing Ex­perience confirms that the Expelling of what is con­taind in the Sharp Arterie, is also promoted by a ve­hement endeavour of Vomiting; except in the Spit­ting Blood, in which alwaies a Vomit is dangerous.

44. 5. An Inbred and stubborn harm, either at Birth, or after Birth, risen by chance possessing the Nostrils, and hindring Inspiration, a straitness being made there, compelling it to be more Frequent, is sel­dom wont to be Cur'd, because it is an hard thing to take away an old Growing together, or Obstruction of those Parts.

45. The same Inspiration hindred because of a Stuffing in the Head, or a Polypus, is wont of its own accord to return to its perfectness after these are Cur'd.

46. As often as Inspiration is hindred by any kind of Things put up into the N [...]strils and stopping them, so often it is again finisht, those being drawn forth.

47. Inspiration hindred by viscous Phlegm stopping the Entrance of the Throat, may be Cur'd by Gargari­sing, the Phlegm being remov'd and spit out.

48. The Inflammations of the Tonsils, or Greater Tumors, are to be Cur'd, partly by the general Me­thod, partly by Gargarisms, before that Inspiration thereby hindred can be restor'd.

49. III. A Dyspnaea arising from Wind or Vapors, produc'd by Ch [...]ler, from Phlegm in the Small Gut, may be Cur'd; 1. By Amending Phlegm peccant in any Quality, and by Emptying it when too much in Quantity, by Remedies often forecited.

50. 2. In like manner by Correcting Choler, if peccant in any Quality, or by Evacuating it, if a­bounding, by Medicins often propos'd.

51. 3. By Dissipating or carrying out Wind or Vapors by Stool, with the help of Carminative Cly­sters so call d, or by excluding them upward in the form of Belches, before they pierce into the Lacteal Veins, by Remedies somtimes already prescrib'd.

52. 4. By Discussing the same more potently, and also driving them out together with a mild Sweat, as soon as ever they have pierc'd to the Lungs, and stick in them; and that by the often m [...]iond Aro­matic Sudorifics.

53. A Dyspnaea coming from viscous Phlegm [...] down out of the Head into the Jaws, and p [...]ss [...] the Pipes of the Lungs, may be Cur'd; 1. By H [...] ­dring its coming into the Head by any Aromatic Me­dicins, Rosmary, Sage, &c. so often minded before, and often to be us'd daily at any time in a little Dose.

54. 2. Both by Cutting, and Attenuating it ga­therd in the Head, by the same Aromatics, and by Car­rying it out, both by Stool by means of Phlegma­gogues often propos'd; and also through the Nostrils, with the help of things that promote Sneezing; and also through the Mouth, by the means of Medicins to be Chew'd.

55. 3. By Cutting the same carri'd into the Lungs by the newly nam'd Aromatics, and if there be a Cough by spitting it out by Aromatic Bechics also containd in the Mouth, and exceding slowly swal­lowd, whereby some part of them may pierce to the Lungs.

56. As those Medicins are to be alwaies preferrd before others of the same Kind and Nature, which [Page 169]are noted by the long experience of many to be more special and useful for any Disease; so also here are they to be chosen before other Aromatics, which both others, and their own Observations have shewn to be more convenient for every kind of a Dyspnoea: Neither must we pass by the singular Constitution of every Sick Person; seeing that according to it, we may daily experience that there is choice to be had of Medicins otherwise excelling in the same Disease; which none that is well verst in Practice, and attent to those things, which daily happen diversly, will ever deny.

CHAP. XXIII. Of the Expiration of Air Deprav'd.

1. THe Air attracted into the Lungs by Inspirati­on, after it has done its Office, ought to be again put forth, whereby a place may be gotten for other succeding Air, and this exclusion of Air is call'd, Expiration.

2. This Expiration is chiefly Perfected by the Mus­cles of the Belly, both drawing down the Thorax, and compressing all that was containd in the Belly, and dri­ving them forward towards the Midrif, and so com­pelling the Midrif upward, and consequently by mild [...]y pressing out the Air containd in them by strait­ning the Lungs; the proper Motion of the Midrif to­gether concurring, making a greater straitness in the Brest.

3. This Expiration of Air is Deprav'd; 1. In Sneezing, wherein after some stay of Inspiration be­gun, [Page 170]gun, the Air is at once put forth suddenly, and with a great force, though suddenly ceasing, or by abrupt force chiefly through the Nostrils, and somtimes the Mouth also with a vehement Concussion of the Uni­versal Body, and exclusion of those things that are in the way.

4. The same Expiration of Air is Deprav'd; 2. In a Cough; in which the sending forth of Air, and what is Containd in the Sharp Arterie, in and through the Mouth, (if any thing be there and fol­low it) is not at once, but at many also and inter­rupted times, with a different concussion of the Bo­dy, one time mild, another time vehement.

5. Every Cough is either call'd Moist, when by its help the Humors containd in the Sharp Arterie, as Phlegm, Blood, Matter, &c. are afterward to be brought up into the Mouth, or are expelld out through the Mouth.

6. Or Dry, when nothing is spit out, though with great and much labour, but the Universal Body is weari'd in vain with endeavouring to Cough; whence there is somtimes raisd a vehement Pain both of the Head, and Hypochondries, and of other Parts, yea, somtimes a Rupture is bred by it, somtimes the Urine or Excrements are unvoluntarily extruded.

7. 3. The same Expiration is deprav'd in an Hicket, in which the Region of the Stomach is ob­servd to be suddenly and violently driven forward, and outward, that Motion truly Convulsive, soon cea­sing, and again often repeting, and so then the most troublesome and grievous Symptom to the Sick.

8. I judg the Midrif is affected in an Hicket in that part of its Motion, wherewith it serves for Ex­piration; and in which it is perceivd (by Touching no less than Seeing in the opend Belly of Brutes [Page 171]still living) to be contracted with a force great enough towards the Region of the Stomach.

9. Wherefore I judg the Hicket to be the proper Disease of the Midrif, and in no wise of the Sto­mach, seeing that besides what is already said, it may be Voluntary, and can be stird up by Me, and others at any time as we please.

10. Yet will I not deny that the Midrif is for the most part drawn into consent to make an Hicket by the Stomach first affected, and especially by Sharp Vapors, or Wind, or Humors, whencesoever procede­ing, and piercing what way soever to the Membra­neous Centre of the Midrif, and provoking it by pricking, or corroding, to perform that Convulsive Motion.

11. Therefore I judg the true Cause of the Hicket to be, whatsoever is apt to compel the Midrif to a violent, but not continu'd, and presently interrup­ted, or ceasing, and again often a repeating Contra­ction of it self; whether it be found in the Stomach, (to which hurtful and sharp Medicins or Food, ra­ther to be call'd Poison, are to be referrd) or the same rise up out of the small Gut by the Vitious Ef­fervescency of the Humors meeting raisd in the form of an Humor, Vapor, or Wind, and so affect the upper Orifice of the Stomach, especially by corroding, that the Midrif encompassing it is also affected; or the same being shut up in the Cavity of the Thorax, or Belly immediately frets the Midrif, or is carri'd to it through its Vessels, and sticking in its Substance, corrodes its sensible parts, or compells it any other way, to that troublesome, and convulsive, solitary, and moreover continually repeating contraction of it self.

12. If any shall observe both the external and in­ternal [Page 172] evident Causes of Sneezing, he will find it is raisd, one while by the brightness of the Sun shining, either immediately, or from the Snow, Ice, Water, a Looking-Glass, &c. by means of reflection; other­times by sharp things, to wit, Onions, Mustard, Ra­dish, &c. or by things mov'd or drawn to the No­strils, or taken in at the Mouth; other-times also by sharp Humors falling down from the Head to the No­strils in a Stuffing of the Head, or Snuffle of the Nose; or from Vapors or Rifts, likewise sharp as­cending out of the Stomach or Small Gut, and pro­voking the Nostrils, so that there is always felt a pulling of the Nostrils of what kind soever: Whence all these divers Causes do deservedly seem so far to produce a Sneezing, in as much as they move the No­strils, those parts ascrib'd to Expiration by provok­ing, and pulling them to expel that trouble, the Air together being potently expir'd through the Nostrils; with which vehement Excussion of the Air, a vehe­ment Shaking also of the Universal Body uses to con­cur.

13. The Cause of a Cough is, whatsoever can pull the Sharp Arterie of the Lungs, or any way pro­voke and molest it.

14. And indeed the Cause of a Moist Cough is ob­servd to be manifold; for somtimes certain things coming from without, or taken in at the Mouth, and being wrong carri'd into the Sharp Arterie, do soon raise a troublesome Cough: At other-times the Hu­mors (and for the most part Phlegmatic of several kinds, either Sharp, and Salt, or Sowr; or Mild, and Insipid; other-whiles thin and fluid, or thick and viscous; somtimes Blood pure, or mixt with other Humors; and somtimes Purulent Matter) fal­ling down from the Head, and piercing into the same [Page 173]Sharp Arterie, do compel the Lungs to Cough: Again, Humors likewise Various, (Blood, Purulent Matter, and perhaps Phlegm, or a Serous Humor) carri'd out of the Substance, or Vessels of the Lungs into the same Arterie, do breed a Cough.

15. As often as Blood coming out of the Lungs is sent forth with a Cough, so often this Disease is call'd a Spitting of Blood, and Haemoptoic Passion.

16. A Dry Cough has for its External Causes, both cold Air, and Drink receivd largely, and troubling the Sharp Arterie: but for Internals, somtimes a ve­ry viscous or very thin and sharp Catarrh, scarce yield­ing to the Air that is vehemently expir'd; somtimes Vapors or Wind elevated from the small Gut, and Ventricle, through the Gullet, and suckt into the Lungs together with the Air; or insinuating them­selves from the same Gut, through the Lacteal Veins, into the Heart & Vessels of the Lungs; yea, their Sub­stance, even to the Sharp Arterie, and provoking it continually to Cough without excluding it self.

17. The manifold Diseases noted in Expiration De­prav'd, may be Cur'd; 1. By taking away, or correct­ing their External Cause. 2. By curing any Internal Diseases of the Solid Parts. 3. By Amending any Harms of the Parts Containd; and also by diminish­ing their Abundance, and by Correcting their vitious Qualities; and by removing out of place, or moving out those that are peccant in place, &c.

18. And that we may begin at the Hicket, as often as hurtful and sharp Food, or Medicins, or rather Poison are in the Stomach, unless they can be tem­perd and corrected by those that Alter, they are to be Expelld, either by a Vomit upward the shorter way, or by a Purge downward the longer way; which is also to be understood of any Humors found in the Sto­mach, [Page 174]or Small Gut, and causing, the Hicket.

19. We have often before proposd Medicins that Alter and Correct the Humors, as also any thing ta­ken in what way soever peccant, so that it seems not necessary to repete them here again; we only admo­nish you this one thing, That Opiats do conduce be­fore all other things in curing any Hicket; not only in as much as they temper any sharp Humors, but moreover in as much as they blunt the Sense of the Stomach, and perhaps also make the Animal Spirits more slow of Motion; if they be us'd by times in a small quantity, and so long, till the Hicket either cea­ses, or is notably diminisht.

20. Among Vomits, I here prefer Antimonials be­fore all others, both because they do most happily empty any Humors promiscuously, and because they are most friendly to Mans Nature, by degrees bring­ing all the Humors in Man after a peculiar manner, to a most laudable state; which power I doubt whe­ther it be in other things likewise, but know it is in Antimonie; whatsoever Men blinded with their Prejudices prate to the contrary, both otherwise Learned and Unlearned.

21. But beware lest they be together taken in too great quantity, seeing indeed every Excess is an Ene­my to Nature; and it is always safer that they be gi­ven in a less than in a greater Dose, for no harm will at any time follow the first, though often the latter: for (notwithstanding the Opinion of many Preten­ders, as well as Unskilful Physicians) neither do other Purgers, and especially Antimonials rightly prepar'd, and us'd in a less quantity, and emptying no Humor upward or downward hurt any, which I having very many times experienc'd do testifie; but they always then are profitable, either by amending [Page 175]the hurtful Humors in the Body, or by preparing them farther for the following Purge; which I would chiefly have noted by Younger Physicians, for whose sakes this my little Treatise is publishd, and not for the Elder, who are verst in the Works of Art, and therefore need not my Information; much less for the obstinate, rejecting any thing of an other Mans by Prejudice or Envy, and no less unskilfully, than wickedly carping at them.

22. When therefore after Narcoties are first conve­niently us'd, a Vomit has been taken, and little or nothing is cast out upward or downward; and the Hicket still urges, and signs of the Humors remain­ing in the Stomach, or next Gut, raising this Evil do remain, then you may safely give the Sick a new Vomit either the same day, and then in less quantity, or another in the next in a somwhat greater quantity, whereby the peccant Humors will be more corrected, or expelld upward or downward, or both ways: For so the truly Rational and Dogmatic Cure of the Hicket will be most safely, and no wise unpleasantly, and soon enough absolvd: chiefly leaning on Expe­rience, and hence Sound Reason, not Weak or Com­mentitious, and so false.

23. If the Vitious Humors be voided by the Vo­mit taken, and the Sick be weari'd by vomiting, an Aromatical Mixture may conduce, as being most convenient to dissipate the molesting Vapors sticking about the Stomach, together with Opiats added in a small quantity, and the most apt to asswage the stirrd up too potent Effervescency of Choler, and and the Juice of the Pancreas by Vomiting, and to procure Sleep mildly, and to stay the Hicket more. For Example;

℞. Mint-Water ℥ ii. Matthiolus his Aqua Vitae, or Simple Treacle-Water ℥ ss. Confection of Alker­mes ʒ i. Laudanum 2 Grains. Syrup of Mint ℥ i. M.

Let the Sick often take a Spoonful of this Mixture, till he find his Body dispos'd to Sleep; which that he may the sooner take, let him lie down commodi­ously.

24. To this Mixture may be added Sp. of Nitre six or eight drops, as often as Wind also molests, which often happens.

25. If the Sick do less incline to Vomit, and be not troubled with Loathing, it is better that the Hu­mors peccant be Empti'd downward, and that accord­ing to their Variety, somtimes with Cholagogues, other-times with Phlegmagogues, or Hydragogues on­ly; or at other-times with several of these mixt to­gether as the Matter requires, as is set down be­fore.

26. And because all Obstinat Diseases have their rising from over-Viscous Humors, at least acknowledg them to be conjoind to their Cause, therefore in an Obstinat Hicket, the Medicins that both cut and educe viscous Humors are not to be neglected. To which end our Magisterial Pills, describ'd before in Chap. 14. Sect. 50. as also the Decoction propos'd in Chap. 2. Sect. 35. may conduce. But there is no need, that such should be daily us'd, unless they educe little; for where they cause many Dejections, it is safer, that they be taken only in the third or fourth day, and on­ly such as cut and correct the Humors any way pec­cant, and discuss Vapors and Wind, or otherwise such as are Corroborating, often mentiond, should be us'd in the days between.

27. When the Hicket is the Symptom of any [Page 177]other grievous Diseases, an Acute Fever, Inflamma­tion, &c. it is wont to remit of its own accord when they are cur'd; although then nothing hin­ders that Opiats being added, and moreover taken with Sudorifics, or any kind of altering Medicins, and appropriated to correct the Primary Disease, or the vitious Humor, may be us'd together: By which if a mild Sweat should be promoted, and the other Symptoms together-with the Hicket be diminisht, we may hope well of restoring the Sick; but if not, then ill.

28. Sneezing, which takes its rising from Exter­nal Causes, is soon wont to cease when those are ta­ken away, or shund: But that which acknowledg­eth Internal Causes, both sliding down from the Brain, and rising up from the nether parts, may be Cur'd, both by Correcting the Sowrly-Salt Humors in the Stuffing of the Head, and Viscous Phlegmatic Hu­mors for the most part joind with them, both by Oily and Spiritous Aromatics; and by Educing them, part­ly by Stool, by Hydragogues and Phlegmagogues; partly through the Nostrils or Mouth by mild Snee­zers or Masticatories, and by Correcting the Humors that raise a vitious Effervescency in the Stomach, and chiefly in the small Gut, and driving sharp Vapors up­ward to the Nostrils, by the forementiond Spiritous and Oily Medicins, not neglecting or omitting Opi­ats; and by Educing the same down ward rather than upward if they abound, by Medicins often propos'd. Where Sudorifics use to avail very much, which not only thrust out, but together amend the Vitious Hu­mors.

29. A Cough may be diversly Cur'd according to the diversity of its Cause. For when any thing is let in from without and carri'd into the Sharp Arterie [Page 178]of the Lungs, and is either put forth again by Coughing only, or being mitigated with a little Beer Drunk upon it, the Cough soon ceases, or at least is by little and little allaid.

30. The Phlegmatic Humors falling down from the Head into the forenam'd Arterie, require for their Correction, if Sowr, Crabs-Eyes, Coral, Pearl, &c. If Salt, Gum Dragon and Arabic, the Roots of Marsh-Malows, and Sugar thereof, Licorice-Root, and its thickned Juice; the Pils of Hounds-Tongue, or of Styrax prescrib'd in Chap. 20. Sect. 36. or the Tro­ches in Sect. 37.

31. Phlegmatic Humors in no wise Sharp but Insi­pid, if they be both Thin and Watry, need the same Pills and Troches to Correct and Thicken them.

32. If they be Thick and Viscous, they require both Sowrish-Sweet things, and Aromatics, simple Oximel, and that of Squils, adding the Syrup of Hysop, of the two, and five opening Roots, and such-like to Attenuate and Cut them, whether they be swallowd slowly after the manner of a Loch, or they be us'd by Spoonfuls, diluted with Aromatic Waters.

33. The same manifold Phlegmatic Humors in the Blood, at least in the Head, when abounding, are to be Diminisht by Hydragogues and Phlegmagogues, and somtimes Diuretics and Sudorifics: yea, somtimes we must have recourse to Salivation it self, which may be stirrd up divers ways.

34. Blood carri'd down from the Head into the Lungs, and raising a Cough, is to be stopt in its Ef­flux, by Opening a Vein, if a Plethora concur, or a notable Heat of Blood, or a Suppression of its wonted Emptying: Although its over-great Heat may also be allai'd with things Sowr, and especially a little [Page 179]Tart. For Example, take this following Decocti­on;

℞. Plantane-Leaves M. ii. Sempervive the Greater, Wood-Sorrel-Leaves, of each M i. Boil them in Barley-Water, adding to ℥ xx. of what is Straind, Syr. of Jujubs ℥ iii. Salt Nitre purifi'd ʒ i. or Lapis Prunellae ʒ ss. or Sp. of Nitre 20 drops. M. for a Decoction.

Let the Sick take often a mean Draught of this to allay any over-great heat of Blood, and hence any bursting forth of Blood that may follow.

35. The same Blood is to be stopt in its Flux by Conglutinating the opend Vessels by the Mixture pre­scrib'd in Chap. 9. Sect. 20. (or one like it) often mentiond before.

36. The Corruption of Blood into Purulent Matter, [...]s to be prevented all manner of ways, and especially by the Balsam of Sulphur with Anise-Oil, or any other not ungrateful; as by the help of this, the turning of the Blood into Purulent Matter, and the farther [...]arming of the Ulcerated Part is not only hindred, but moreover the total Cure hereof is promoted, especially if according to the vehemency of the Dis­ease, or various largeness of the Ulcer, one or two drops of it be us'd thri [...]e, four times, or oftner in a day, in a Spoonful of any Pectoral Decoction, or Mix­ture, or at least Sugard Beer.

37. The same Blood carried whencesoever into the Sharp Arterie of the Lungs, lest it clotter there, and hence corrupt, is to be kept Dissolvd by convenient Medicins, or is to be Dissolvd again and Voided. To which purpose Crabs-Eyes, together with Diapho­retic Antimony, are to be preferd before many others, being dissolvd in a little distild Vinegar and taken, some grateful things being added, seeing that they [Page 180]do the main Work here. For Example, take the fol­lowing Form by Spoonfuls;

℞. Hyssop, Fenel-Water, of each ℥ i. Matthiolus his Aqua Vitae ʒ ii. Distilld Vinegar ℥ ss. Crabs-Eyes ʒ ss. Diaphoretic Antimony ℈ i. Syr. of Maiden-Hair ℥ i. M.

38. But in such Mixtures as have Crabs-Eyes dis­solvd in Vinegar, beware lest Syrups made of Muci­lages be added to them, such as are that of Marsh-Malows, Jujubs, Violets, and such-like; because presently, or soon after, they thence become thick like Mucilages and unfit for use; which will not easily be, if the Syrups us'd be prepar'd of Aroma­tics, and especially fresh enough, seeing many become more viscous in length of time.

39. When by the proper Disease of the Lungs, Blood pure, or corrupted into Matter, is voided by Coughing, there is greater danger, wherefore we must hasten the more to its Cure, lest the opportuni­ty here, if any where urgent, be lost by delay; for the singular Substance of the Lungs is easily infected and corrupted, but difficultly restor'd and repaird.

40. Therefore must we not cease from the use of Medicins that cure the efflux (and corruption) of Blood burst out of the Vessels of the Lungs, till the evil be wholly taken away: Yea, I advise, that a sparing use of mild Medicins should be continu'd for some time after the Disease is cur'd to sense, whereby the part once affected may be strengthned against the access of a new evil, and therefore easily again af­fected.

41. As in other Cases always, so here you must diligently attend to the Medicins that most conduce to every particular Body, whereby they may be pre­ferd before the rest, and as long as they profit, con­tinue [Page 181]in the use thereof: And as soon as ever they are observd to profit less, substitute others in their room; and so the Health of the Sick is to be promoted eve­ry way.

42. A Dry Cough arising from cold Air or Drink, may be Cur'd, by often stopping Expiration, where­by the Heat in the Lungs and Jaws being encreasd, the harm arising and molesting by external cold, may be corrected.

43. Let me therefore here admonish you in gene­ral, that the Breath held as long as may be, and so also the Cough being hindred by force, will not a little conduce to allay and mitigate any Cough, and especially a Dry one; by which means I have often observd, both in my self and others, that a Cough otherwise troublesome enough, has been wholly taken away or diminisht; as in like manner I have often noted the Hicket also so Cur'd.

44. When very Viscous Humors are the Cause of a Dry Cough, they are wont to be amended and cor­rected by those that potently Cut, being continually swallowd in a small quantity; for which use the Be­chic White Troches, Alicampane-Root pouderd and reduc'd with Sugar into Tablets, or Pieces cut, &c. may serve, if they be held in the Mouth, and being dissolv'd with the Spittle, are continually car­ri'd down together with it into the Sharp Artery.

45. Catarrhs that are Salt and Sharp, breeding a Dry Cough, may be corrected and temperd by the Pills of Hounds-Tongue, or Styrax, &c. so often mentiond by Me, not neglecting Hydragogue Pur­ges.

46. Vapors or Wind rising up to the Lungs from the Small Gut through the Lacteal Veins, raising a Dry Cough, require for their Cure Medicins; 1. That [Page 182]Temper or Educe Humors which are always Phlegmatic and Choleric, and somtimes also Acid. 2. Such as Discuss Vapors and Wind, or asswage them as well in their rising as after it: The most whereof are often before propos'd, and among others in Chap. 9. Sect. 29. my Carminative Spirit, of great power in curing this Disease happily.

CHAP. XXIV. Of the Nourishment of the Lungs Deprav'd.

1. HItherto I have thought with others that own the Circular Motion of Blood, that the Blood is not only alterd by the Air Inspir'd, but moreover that it is driven forward out of the Right Ventricle of the Heart into the Lungs to be nourisht by it: Whence as the Lungs alone receive this Blood, so I thought they alone were nourisht by it, until last year an Ar­tery arising from the Descending Trunc of the Great Artery, was discoverd by the Observation of the most diligent Anatomist, and famous Embalmer of Bodies, Dr. Frederic [...]uysch, a Physician at the Hague, containing in a public Discourse, An Expla­nation of the Valvul's in the Lymphatic and Lacteal Vessels, and some rare Anatomic Observations; and, because it accompanies the widenings of the Wind­pipe, call'd by him Bronchialis; and, as it carries the Blood elaborated and perfected in the Left Ventricle of the Heart to the Lungs, it is assign'd by him for their Nourishment.

2. But although, when I came to Print this Chap­ter, it happend opportunely that there was a Body [Page 183]of a Youth who perisht with Cold, to be Cut in the public Hospital; and I sought diligently the Arte­ry in it aforesaid by the mentiond Treatise, but with­out success; yet would I not therefore herein mistrust so famous a Man, but rather lament, that a few days after I was hindred against all right by some through preposterous spite less addicted to the Common Good, and oft hurful, whereby I could not Dissect the Body of a Youth dead of Difficult Breathing, and search out the second time the forenam'd Artery, to demonstrate īt in public for the sake of many Stu­dents earnestly desiring to know this thing by ocular Inspiction; especially seeing that the same Dr. Ruyseb had in one word shewn me the way to observe it more certainly, and had also told to others that the same thing had happend more than once which had happend to me.

3. Whether therefore the Lungs receive their nourishing Blood by this Bronchial Artery, or toge­ther by that of the Lungs, as oft as by reason of the Effervescency of the Blood Ascending and Descend­ing, vitiated in the Right Ventricle of the Heart, the Blood rising from both is vitious, the Nourishment of the Lungs will be deprav'd, and that sooner, more ea­sily, and potently than any other part of the Body, if they be nourisht in part, at least by the Blood com­ing out of the Right Ventricle of the Heart, being less temperd than the other effus'd out of the left Bed of the Heart, and more or less temperd in them by the Air Inspir'd.

4. The Nourishment of the Lungs is Deprav'd; 1. When it is Diminisht or Abolisht, and they pine more or less. 2. When it is Ill-nourisht, and the Lungs get a Substance and Consistency harder, or more compact than is naturally, or on the contrary [Page 184]softer, or more flaccid, or also unequal, &c. For 3. I scarce think, and that very seldom, that the Nourishment of the Lungs may be Encreasd, if we speak properly, as long as their Substance is lauda­ble.

5. The Lungs Pine more or less, somtimes in both sides, somtimes in either, and in this or that Lobe, by the fault of either It self, or the Blood, or Mat­ter.

6. By the fault of the Blood, when it is Purulent, especially in a Pleurisie, tending to an Aposteme, and communicating its Matter to the Lungs, either im­mediatly, or by means of the Blood; whence Lean­ness, not only of the Lungs, but of the Universal Body is wont to follow.

7. Leanness may hap by fault of the Lungs, when by an External or Internal Cause, they become unfit to assimilate to themselves the Blood duly flowing in; which I have oft observd happens Internally by an Ʋleer, Externally by a Suppuration; in both places by Matter Corrupting, not only the Blood of what sort soever carri'd to them, but also the very Sub­stance of Them, so that they cannot longer be nou­risht by any Blood.

8. In the Year 1662. we found in the Academic H [...]spital, the Right Lung wrinkled, wan and Lank, and in my judgment Consum'd, in a Watry Suppura­tion of the right side, consisting of Matter and Serous Liquor Whitish, collected together: which evil I thought was to be ascrib'd to the Purulent Water a­bout it.

9. In Tisical People for certain the Lungs are not only corrupted, and therefore also moreover pine, but besides the Ʋniversal Body consumes, because of Blood in like manner corrupted by Matter adjoind, and by [Page 185] [...]egrees so corrupting all the Parts, that they become [...]nfit to perfect natural Nourishment.

10. The Nourishment of the Lungs is Deprav'd [...]y either or both kinds of Blood vitious, at least ha­ving Vitious Humors mixt with it; whence seldom the Lungs only, but also the other parts of the Body [...]re together affected and ill-nourisht.

11. To these Causes depending sometimes on Cho­ [...]er, somtimes on the Juice of the Pancreas, somtimes on Spittle, somtimes on the Liquor rising from this Ternarie, somtimes on Chyle, somtimes on Lympha [...]ny way vitiated, somtimes on Serous Liquor not se­ [...]arated in the Kidneys, but remaining in the Blood contrary to Nature; and if there be more things which may and are wont to vitiat the Blood, is ascribd the rising of Tubercl's oft observd here and there in the Lungs, and the change of their soft and spongie Substance into a Fleshy, Tumorous, and har­der, and more solid many ways than is wont, or other­wise declining from their Natural Consistency.

12. The Nourishment of the Lungs is to be be­lievd Encreasd, when they keep their natural consi­stency and manner of substance, and yet grow out too much, and do so fill the Cavity of the Brest, that thereby Inspiration is rather hindred than made dif­ficult: An Example whereof I have several times had in Dissection after Death.

13. I judg the Cause of this encreasd Nourishment of the Lungs to be partly Their best Constitution; part­ly the Ʋse of Food most apt to nourish the Lungs, and perhaps the Lungs taken out of younger Living Creatures.

14. The Signs of all these kinds of deprav'd Nou­rishment of the Lungs may be sought out of other Functions together Deprav'd; and, 1. The Sign of it [Page 186] more or less Deficient, must be enquir'd after from Re­spiration, variously deprav'd together with some kind at least of Leanness of the rest of the Body coming up­on it, and especially after a Suppuration, or Ʋlcer bred in the Lungs, and so a Tisic.

15. II. The Ill Nourishment of the Lungs may partly be known by Respiration Deprav'd, partly by any kind of a Cachexie of the rest of the Body, whose diversity will manifest one only Humor, or together with others peccant.

16. III. Respiration hindred without an evident Cause, there being a laudable Constitution of the rest of the Body, will signifie the Nourishment of the Lungs Encreasd.

17. By such Conjectures I think several Kinds hi­therto noted by few, of Deprav'd Nourishment of the Lungs, may be distinguisht and manifest from one another.

18. The Nourishment of the Lungs Deficient because of Purulent Blood, or Matter it self in a Pleurisie, or other Inflammations degenerating into an Aposteme, carri'd to them any way, may be Cur'd, partly by con­veniently Curing the foresaid Diseases, partly by free­ing the Blood from Matter, partly by taking out of the Lungs the entred harm by Matter.

19. We will propose the Doctrine and Cure of a Pleurisie, and other Inflammations in Chap. 40.

20. Any Antimonial Medicins will free the Blood from Matter perhaps before all others, whether they be Diaphoretic, or Purgers, and Vomiters; which I have often observd, even in a Tisic, and an inveterat great Ulcer of the Lungs, have brought away a good quantity of Matter by Stool and Urine, so that then for many days no Matter was cast forth by a Cough. And that there had been a great Ulcer in the Lungs, [Page 187]and moreover manifold the Dissection I made of the Body after Death did manifest.

21. The Harm ascrib'd to Matter may be taken out of the Lungs, whether it be a deep Ʋlcer, or only a superficiary Exulceration, both by Vulnerary Decocti­ons so call'd, and also by any Balsam of Sulphur, and especially that of Anise-Oil more grateful.

22. Let this, or one like it, be a form of an ac­comodated Vulnerary Decoction for the Lungs in this Case; which,

℞. The Root of Licorish slic'd ℥ i. of Aristolochie ℥ ss. The Leaves of Speedwel, Seabious, Saracens-Comfrey, Ladies-Mantle, Winter-Green, of each Man. i. Raisins of the Sun ston'd ℥ iv. Boil them in Barley-Water in ℥ xxx. of what is Straind, dissolve Syr. of Hyssop, of Oak of Je­rusalem, of each ℥ i. M.

Let the Sick drink ℥ i. or ii. of this Decoction oft in a day; to which one Drop of the mentiond Bal­sam of Sulphur may be added, or us'd apart in ano­ther grateful Liquor, twice or thrice daily.

23. I still account the Balsam prepar'd in like man­ner of the truly Sulphureous and Infameable Flowers of Antimony to be the more excellent, whose great Vertues I have oft experienc'd.

24. The Harm of the Lungs that follows a Sup­puration, may be Cur'd, either by carrying Matter out of the Cavity of the Brest by a Paracenthesis made in the Brest, or by emptying it out by Stool or Vomit, which I remember was some years since done by a Chirurgion and Empiric living in the Country, by a singular Decoction; by the help whereof, though the Sick being grievously affected in his Brest, and by degrees pining was esteem'd incurable by several Physicians, and famous Chirurgions, yet was he [Page 188]cur'd most happily in a few weeks, and hitherto hath livd sound; Let none rashly carp or laugh at that (which is commonly done by many conceited) the reason whereof they know not.

25. The Ill Nourishment of the Lungs may be Cur'd divers ways, according to the diversity of the Hu­mors then together peccant and producing that De­pravation, always adding those call'd Pectorals, and friendly to the Lungs: We have often before handled every Depravation of the Humors.

26. I doubt how little Knobs arising in the Lungs, and not easily known, unless by conjecture very un­certain, ought or may be Cur'd, unless perhaps the more fixt Antimonial Medicins can do it, being in­dued with an universal force of purifying Mans Body from all Harm and Impurity.

27. If any would diminish the Encreasd Nourish­ment of the Lungs, he ought to use Food somwh thicker, and less spongy, at least Sauces, or Medi­cins that hinder, stop, or repress (if it be lawful to say so) the too great rarefying of food; such as I think Pearl, Coral, Lacca, Chalk, &c. are, if they be seldom taken in a small quantity.

CHAP. XXV. Of the Perfection of Blood in the Left Ven­tricle of the Heart Deprav'd.

1. IT is known by the Circular Motion of Blood, that Blood is driven forward to the parts of the Universal Body, and so to the Lungs, (of which we have spoken in the preceding Chapter) out of the Left Ventricle of the Heart: Whence it is not undeservedly askt, Wherein differs each Blood effus'd out of each Ventricle of the Heart? To which I Answer, It differs in this, That, 1. the Blood of the Left Ventricle gets a new Alteration in the Lungs by the Air Inspir'd; And perhaps, 2. somthing may come to the same Blood, either from Spittle, or from another Glandulous Liquor moistning the sharp Arte­ry, and mixing it self with the Blood together with the Air, and so far also after a certain manner Alter­ing and Tempering it.

2. And I plainly doubt whether moreover any thing else happen to the Blood in the Left Ventricle of the Heart; nor hitherto do's any notable Sign of it come into my Mind whence I may conclude it.

3. Wherefore I can at present only assert this, That the Blood going through the Artery and Vein of the Lungs, and perhaps the middle substance of the Lungs comes out of the Left Ventricle of the Heart temperd, less hot and rarefi'd, and so more mild than out of the Right, both by the Inspired Air or Spit­tle, or any other Glandulous Liquor; and that its Per­fection seems to me to consist in this, That its mani­fold [Page 190]Particles first potently Effervescing, or Rarefi'd, and much sundred from each other, now being mild­ly Temperd and Condensd, do again close more or less slackly, and so they become more apt, as well to Nourish the Containing Body, as to produce several Humors in the Body, and so to preserve Life.

4. Therefore this Perfection of Blood is Deprav'd, chiefly, when the same Blood is too little or too much Temperd, or also is too much Kindled, and Rarefi'd, or otherwise Corrupted by the Air Inspir'd, or the Humors of the Body communicated to it with the same: Of which see what is said in Chap. 21.

5. The Blood may be corrupted by the Inspir'd Air, when it is much defil'd by any Wind, or Exhalations whencesoever proceding and mixt with it, and com­municates its harm to the Blood carri'd through the Lungs; whence the same harm divers ways infect­ing the whole Mass, or its greater or less part by de­grees is somtimes disperst every way, other-times ad­heres to one part chiefly, and manifests the force of its malignity in it; as we have known it in the Pest, and other Epidemic Diseases for the most part depend­ing on the Air ill-affected.

6. This Perfection of Blood is also deprav'd by the Humors mixt with it Ascending or Descending, either Choler, or Lympha, or the Liquor arising from that Three-fold Sway in the Guts, or also Chyle so far exceeding in an ill quality, that it cannot again be Temperd Conveniently or Sufficiently by the Inspird Air.

7. We related in Chap. 21. how the most Depra­vations of Air Inspir'd are to be amended.

8. We intend to tell you how the same Air de­fil'd and corrupted with a malign Quality ought to be corrected, where we intend to treat of the Pest, and Malign Fevers.

9. Lastly, By what way and means the Humors carri'd with the Blood to the Right Ventricle of the Heart, and so far corrupting it, that it cannot be e­nough temperd by the Inspired Air, or other Hu­mors mixt with it in the Lungs, ought to be restor'd to former integrity, is to be sought out of the Cure propos'd before of every kind of the nam'd Humors ill affected, and still to be propos'd all over.

CHAP. XXVI. Of the Motion of the Heart and Arteries, or the Pulse Deprav'd.

1. THe sides of the Ventricles of the Heart are by little and little Distended, and Ʋnfolded by the Blood driven forward into them out of the Veins, and its Earlets, and that partly in Plenty, partly and chiefly by the Rarefaction filling them again because of the Effervescency of it, till the same Blood be pour'd out by their following Straitness into the Ar­teries annext to them; which therefore are Laid open, as a little after Bound together, and that by a Motion somtimes manifest to Feeling and Sight, which is known among Physicians by the name of the Pulse.

2. For by the Pulse the Physicians understand the two-fold opposite, and contrary, yea reciprocal Mo­tions of Expansion, and Contraction in the two­fold parts mentiond according to its Sides or Tuni­cles: And the Motion of Dilatation and Straitning according to the Cavity of the Ventricles of the Heart and Arteries.

3. We think the Right Ventricle of the Heart is [Page 192]Displaid, both by the Plenty of the Blood driven in, and by the Largeness of it soon Rarefying by the Ef­fervescency; and the Left Ventricle by the Plenty of the over-hot and as yet boiling Blood, howsoever more or less temperd in the Lungs by the Air Inspir'd: and Both Ventricles are Straitned by the musculous Sub­stance of the Heart, contorted wonderfully like a writhd Shell contracted by the Animal Spirits filling its Fibres, after the manner of the other Muscles.

4. We also judge the Arteries are Displaid by the Blood Expelld by the Contraction of the Heart into Them; and the same are again Straitned by the Ani­mal Spirits filling their annular Fibres, and Narrow­ing their Cavity.

5. The Pulse is felt by Physicians, not so much in the Heart it self, as in the Arteries, and especially in both Wrists, where they are more manifest to the Sense of Touching: Although the Pulse of the Ar­teries may be observd also about the Temples, and moreover at the Neck; as the Motion of the Heart, by laying the hand on its Region, chiefly when its Pal­pitation urges, that cannot be enough distinctly known by the Pulsation of the Arteries, or when a little or no Pulse is felt in the Wrist.

6. The Primary Differences of the Pulse felt in the Wrist may be reduc'd to three chief Heads, the Strength, Greatness and Frequency of the Pulse. For the Swiftness ascrib'd to the Pulse, may indeed be conceivd by the Mind, but not toucht and felt with the Fingers: And Hardness is but seldom found in the Pulse, and always in a Praeternatural State; when as those aforementiond are observd both in a Natural and Non natural Pulse.

7. A Pulse is call'd Strong, when the Artery smites forcibly the Fingers of him that Touches; but [Page 193] Weak, when it happens only gently and light­ly.

8. The Pulse is said to be Great, when the Artery is unfolded much, and with a large space; but Lit­tle, when little and in a narrow space.

9. The Pulse is call'd Frequent, when the expan­sion and smiting of the Arterie is observd in the same space of Time ofter, then otherwise, or in others; and Rare, when it is less oft, then is wont, or ought to be.

10. The Pulse is call'd Moderat, or Mean, which is the middle between the extrem's of the three fore­said Differences.

11. A Strong, or Potent, and Valid Pulse is causd by the Animal Spirits plenteously carri'd to the Mus­culous Substance of the Heart strongly contracting it; whence it is never preternatural upon its own ac­count, yet somtimes upon the account of the Cause provoking.

12. A Weak Pulse oft follows a Ʋniversal Defect of the Animal Spirits in the Universal Body, at least partly in the Heart it self; somtimes a Sluggishness and Drowsiness, or Unmovableness of the Universal Body.

13. A Ʋniversal Defect of the Animal Spirits is, both because of Defect of the Blood, by a notable Ef­fusion and Haemorrhagie of it, somtimes by prolonged Hunger: and because of the Effervescency and Rare­faction of Blood hindred in a Syncope, Hypochondriac Suffocation, &c. whence a Weak Pulse always con­curs with one Little: And because of the Spirits exhausted with Cares, Hunger, Watchings, or too much Motion or Agitation of the Body: and because of the ill affected Brain being averse to the separation and preparation of the Spirits.

14. The Animal Spirits will be Deficient in the Heart peculiarly, if the Nervs tending to it be wound­ed; [...]r I seare [...] think that they alone, the others be­ing well, can become unfit to let the Spirits pass through by any moisture.

15. The Animal Motion of those that walk in Sleep, testifies that Sluggishness and Drowsiness of the Animal Spirits is not always to be found in Sleep, or Drowsiness it self, and the Pulse it self in a grie­vous Sleepiness oft very Strong: Whence it is mani­fest that Narcotics, as such, do not so affect the Animal Spirits perhaps, or all the Nerves equally, as the Organs of the external Senses, or the Nerves tending to them.

16. But Sluggishness and Drowsiness is always found in the Animal Motion by Frost, and any vehe­ment cold of Air, Water, and other things, although we may doubt, whether the Animal Spirits Them­selves, or rather the Maseles be then indeed and by themselves affected by cold; seeing (unless its Cause be extrem [...]) that Drowsiness of the Parts according to Motion, may be prevented or also overcomd by a veh [...]ment agitation of the Body, which could not be, if Drowsiness had sei [...]d on the Spirits; which b [...]ing, mo [...]ble and subject to the Government of the [...]ad, the Museles may the easier be freed from Drowsiness by their more plenteous afflux to them [...] is w [...]nt.

17. A Great Pulse follows an ample and full Rare­ [...] [...] the S [...]tness of the Arteries concur­ [...].

18. A [...] Pulse happens, both by a small Ra­r [...] [...] and by the Hardness of the Arterie, [...] cannot be much displaid.

[...] [...]s for its Cause either the [...], so that it cannot be [Page 195]enough receivd by the Greatness of the Pulse only; or the Hardness of the Arterie in a mean Rarefaction of Bl [...]nd; wh [...] [...] Gre [...] Pulse is conjoind there to O [...] Fr [...]que [...] h [...]re On [...] Little; or any thing else oft pulling the Heart [...] Co [...]tract it s [...]lf.

20. Lastly, A [...]re Pulse haps by a small and slow Rarefaction o [...] Blood.

21. The [...]nty of Animal Spirits follows a due Ʋse of Fo [...]d abounding with a Volatil Spirit, and their Fermentation in the Stom [...]ch, and Separation in the Gats, and Effervescency in the Heart, and especially, beside the laudable Productions of all the other Hu­mors, the Separation of the most Spiritous Part com­pleat in the Brain and Cerebellum: As Their Defect, beside those we mentiond in Sect. 13, 14. all contrary [...]o these fore-mentiond; as is manifest by treating of the nam'd Functions Depr [...]v'd.

22. The Blood Rarefies much, when it is laudable, [...]nd a potent Fire is stird up in the Heart, when the [...]ffervescency is; which yet, when it is too Great, [...]e Blood Rarefies more than enough, and thereupon [...]l, as is wont to be in Burning Fevers.

23. The Blood Rarefies less, or Little, when it is [...]ess fit to rarefie, and more fluid, or viscous then is usu­ [...]l; or a more Sparing Fire is stird up in the Heart, [...]nd not enough to rarefie the Blood suffi [...]i [...]ntly.

24. The Natural Hardness of the Arteries is to be scrib'd to the Thickness of their Coats; as the Prae­ [...]ernatural is commonly wont to be ascrib'd to the In­ [...]ammation of the Membrans.

25. The Blood Rarefies very much and suddenly, when both it is more fit to rarefie, and a sharper Fire [...] kindled in it and the Heart.

26. The Heart is Oft or continually pulld to C [...] ­ [...]ract it Self, both by and Sharp thing carri'd toge­ther [Page 196]with the Blood to it, be it a Sowr, or a Lixivia [...] Salt, or mixt of both, as is Salt Brine; and by any Vaporous or Windy Thing piercing into the Ventricles of [...] Heart, and a little, but not too much unfold­ing its Sides, and so indeed, that they may again be contracted; and by any Thing without the Heart, t [...] wit, containd in its Pericardium that corrodes and p [...]i [...]ks it. So we found a Salt and Sharp Humor thr [...] years agoe in the Pericardium, by which as well the [...] Memorane of the Pericardium, as of the Heart, was corroded and fretted.

27. A Small, and Slow Rarefaction of Blood, pro­cedes either from Its exceding Viscousness, or from th [...] Fire more sparingly breaking forth in the conflux [...] both Bloods, or from Both concurring together. Fo [...] it can scarce ever be, that Choler or Lympha shoul [...] be very sharp, the Universal Blood being for som­time too Viscous; unless in regard of Diet, and esp [...] ­cially of Food, somtimes (holer more Sharp, som­times Lympha, and the Juice of the Pancreas m [...] Sowr; somtimes Spittle, and Phlegm be bred m [...] Vis [...]us: which easily haps, when Men use Food [...] many so [...]ts, apt to breed one while one, another ti [...] another ill Humor; and moreover use now hot, an [...] cold Air; and besides are immoderat in the Moti [...] of their B [...]dy and Mind, &c.

28. How the menti [...]nd kinds of a deprav'd Pul [...] ought to be Help'd, is not difficult to conclude [...] what is propos'd here and there.

29. So the other Differences, and Causes of [...] Deprav'd▪ to wi [...] Ʋ [...]tequal, Intermitting, &c. Pu [...] ▪ may without difficulty be searcht out from what [...] b [...]en said.

30. Otherwise, God willing, in the Second Edi­ti [...] of [...]is [...]rk, w [...] [...]tend more accuratly to ex­amine, [Page 197]and explain all these, and enrich them with a notable Addition; And now let us hasten to the Diseases consectary, or accompanying the Pulse De­prav'd several ways.

CHAP. XXVII. Of Fevers in General.

1. IF we observe the manner of Pract [...]tioners, and their Signs, (which wholly ought to be in searching out the Nature of hidden or controverted Diseases) from which They and Others are wont to conclude of the presence of a Fever, it will easily be manifest that They argue a Fever from the Only over-Frequent Pulse not natural: But when the certain kind of the Fever is to be determind, and distinguisht from others, Then who but a mere stranger in Practice knows not? that they do attend to more Signs at once.

2. But least we repete here unprofitably, (those [...]hings which we have already publisht in our Two Disputes of Fevers, and may annex them to this or another Book) we will s [...]ek out the various Kinds and Differences of manifold Fevers from several Causes of the Pulse over-Frequent, otherwise then naturally, ef­fecting diversly as sought from daily practice, so again directed to the same.

3. Therefore the Cause of the Pulse beside nature [...]oo Frequent; to wit; having the conjoind, or soon [...]pproaching trouble of the Body, or notable Pain, and so the Weakning of some Function requir'd [...]o the happiness of Natural Life; is either, I. A [Page 198]permanent and over-Rarefaction of the Blood, made by an over-potent Fire bursting out from the Effervescency of both Bloods.

4. Or, II. Any thing that is Sharp, somtimes Sowr, somtimes Lixivial Salt, somtimes Briny Salt driven forward through the Veins together with the Blood to the Heart, and Internally gnawing the Sub­stance of the Heart.

5. Or, III. Any Vapor like Windy thing, in like manner carri'd to the Heart, or stird up by the Ef­fervescency of the same in the Heart, and encreasing the Opening of the Ventricles of the Heart.

6. Or, IV. Any Sharp or Hard thing, being ei­ther in the P [...]ricar li [...]n, or elswhere, and external­ly co [...]ing or pricking the Heart.

7. You may further Observe, That the Causes of the Pulse more-Frequent beside Nature, doth somtimes affect the Heart by Intervals only, and those somtimes [...]d [...] and certain, somtimes inordinat and uncertain: Whence depends the most notable Distinction and Di [...]si [...]n of Fevers into Continual and Intermit­tin [...].

8. A Fever is call'd Continual, which remains from the first moment of its Invasion, to the last Moment of its Duration, and its whole Cessation.

9. A C [...]ntinual Fever, when more mild, continues only on [...] day, and is call'd Diaria, and Ephemera; as that which is call'd Diaria of more days, or a Syno­ [...]us not putrid, when it also being more mild, is continu'd a few three or four days.

10. An Intermitting Fever, is that which returns after Intervals, somtimes longer, somtimes shorter in divers Fits.

11. Whence according to the divers Space of every Access or Fit the same gets also divers Names. For if a [Page 199]new Fit return daily, answering the precedent in proportion, it is call'd a Quotidian; But if it only hap every other day, it is call'd a Tertian; If the Fits return after two days of the intermission, it is call'd a Quartan, and so forward. Although Quin­tans, Sextans, &c. are seldom observd, yet are they observd somtimes.

12. Beside this double primary Kind of Fevers, there is yet one mixt or compounded of both and in­deed Continual, yet having some Fits, and again Re­missions, and that somtimes every day, somtimes the third, somtimes the fourth, whence it is deservedly nam'd, either a Quotidian-Continual, or Tertitan-Continual, or Quartan-Continual Fever.

13. There are moreover Observd Fevers many ways compounded of more Intermitting Fevers. Such are, I. Double, or Triple-Quotidians, as oft as two, or three Fits are produc'd in the same day, successivly answering in a differing proportion.

14. Such are, II. Double, or Triple Tertians con­sisting of two or three Tertians, whether in a Dou­ble Tertian two Fits the same day, or one each other day return; or in a Triple Tertian two in one day, one in the other day, or somtimes Three in one day, in the other day no Fit troubles.

15. A Double Tertian returning in divers days, is distinguisht from a Quotidian, both upon the ac­count of the time of its coming, and by reason of its continuance, and by reason of the Accompany­ing Symptoms. For when because of all these the First Fit answers to the Third, and this to the Fi [...], and the Second to the Fourth, and this to the Sixt [...], and so on, we conclude there is a Double Tertian; and a Single Quotidian, when the First Fit answers to the Second, this to the Third, and so on.

16. A Double Tertian is also argued, when a Single Tertian preceded, returning every other day; which if it afterward return daily, it is wholly to be estem'd a Double Tertian, but not a Single Quoti­dian.

17. I know there are not wanting Great Physici­ans, who deny all Quotidian Fevers, and only ad­mit of Double Tertians, or Triple Quartans, and indeed, at least as much as I can judg, more by Pre­judice, than certain Experience, or Reason compel­ling: Which if any consult with an attent Mind, I see not by what right Quotidian Fevers should be excluded from the number of the Rest; as it will be more evident, where we shall propose our Thoughts of the Causes of Intermitting Fevers.

18. Such, III. Compounded of Intermitting Fevers are Doubled, or Triple Quartans. For it haps somtimes▪ that the Sick is free from a Fever only one day, and has new Fits the two following; and then there is no doubt of a Double Tertian.

19. But there also happens, that a new Fit daily returns▪ yet so, that the First answers to the Fourth, and [...]ns to the Seventh; the Second to the Fifth, and this to the Eighth: Lastly, The Third to the Sixth, and this [...]o the Nieth, and so forward; or that of a Single Q [...]rtan one Double be bred, and at length of one D [...]uble a Triple one; whence in like manner it is easily distinguisht from a Single Q [...]otidian, or Double Tertian: A Confirmation whereof is som­times had from its Cure; if, to wit, one Fit be first taken away, and then the Fits still return both days following, one day of intermission being interpos'd; or if two Fits be taken away, one only remaining and returning any fourth day. That I may now [...]onocal other Symptoms more proper to Quartan [Page 201]Fevers, and but seldom observable in Tertians or Q [...]artans, and that usually then, when they incline to the nature and likeness of Quartans.

20. Beside these Intermitting Fevers that are or­derly, and return for the most part at a certain time, unless some Error be committed in Diet, or some Medicin be us'd, there are even others observ'd fre­quently enough returning and afflicting, somtimes at this, somtimes at that time, and even uncertainly; which therfore who might not fitly name them Inor­dinat and Wandring?

21. But although the most Fevers are wont to in­vade the Sick with a greater or less Sense of Cold, Heat somtimes lighter, other-times more grievous succeding it; yet are there not wanting, such as on­ly Cold, or only Heat, or neither accompanies, ma­nifest to the Sense, as well of the Sick, as of Physi­cians, or by-Standers: Let none think, as is com­monly said, That the essence of every Fever, Consists in Heat encreasd, beside Nature in the Heart, hence di­sperst through the Ʋniversal Body.

22. None who hath weighd accuratly with an at­tentive Mind both the Fabric and Ways, or Vessels of the Containing Body, and the natural Motion of the Containd Body, that is, of the Blood, and other Humors, will deny that the Cause of Continual Fevers is requir'd Continual, that is, continually carri'd to the Heart: As on the contrary, the Cause of Inter­mitting Fevers is not continually, but only by Inter­vals carri'd thither, and therefore apt to be hindred in its motion to the Heart.

23. Seeing Cold and Heat are deservedly numbred as the chief and more frequent Symptoms among the most of manifold Fevers, we must diligently enquire into the most probable Causes of both, and hence into [Page 202] the Causes of the Continual Heat after the first Cold overcomd; or both of Cold and Heat returning by In­tervals; or of Heat stird up only in a divers and de­terminate time: For those things being lookd into and determind▪ it will not perhaps be very difficult to explain the Fevers, though most divers, and to ex­tricate the Mind desirous of Truth, from almost in­finite difficulties to be mov'd by any.

24. That therefore, omitting the Opinions of others, (for I think it behoovs every Man to prove his own) I may in a few words relate, That that seems true even to me, I judg, (I.) That the Cause f [...] every Continual Fever is Choler, or Lympha, (under which I comprehend the Juice of the Pancreas, and so Spittle it Self, in as much as they are carri'd to the Heart) or Both vitious, and raising such an Effer­vescency in the Right Ventricle of the Heart. whence the Pulse is continually produc'd more freauent.

25. But I deduce Cold observable about the first b [...] ­ginning (if a Continual Fever depend on Choler a­lone primarily vitiated) from the same vitious Choler, together with the Juice of the Pancreas rai [...]ing an Ef­fervescency vitious in the small Gut, and that such, as somwhat sowr Vapors are carri'd up by the said Juice, and being anon driven every way, breed a light Cold every where, which yet a little after gives place to Heat bred by the same Choler carri'd to the Heart.

26. But if a Continual Fever depend on Lympha alone, primarily vitiated, seeing it follows both the Conglobated Glandul's, and also in part the Conglo­merated Glandul's, and so the Pancreas it selt ill-affected, what wonder if the Juice of this being made somwhat more Sowr, breed a vitious Efferveseency with Choler in the small Gut, and together send form somwhat sowr Vapors, which being disperst through [Page 203]the Universal Body, every where stir up a Sense of Cold divers according to its greater or less Harm?

27. But if a Continual Fever depend both on Choler, and on Lympha together vitiated, Cold trou­bling the Sick about its beginning, is produc'd from the mentiond Causes conjoind.

28. After the preceding Cold somtimes more grie­vous, somtimes lighter Heat is wont to follow in the most of Continual Fevers, and much greater, and more troublesom from Choler alone primarily peccant, whence therfore Burning Fevers do arise; but much less, and more mild, and somtimes None from Lympha alone primarily peccant, chiefly when much Phlegm together abounds in the Sick, to which Chill Fevers are to be ascrib'd: Lastly, Heat being mean, from both together vitiated, and separating it self again after a certain manner.

29. When the Lympha is vitiated, and the Glandul's that are in the Brain are together much affected; First, A Stoppage of the Head, that is, a Burthen­som Pain in the Head, (if we follow the proper sig­nification of Words) is wont to be raisd, and a lit­tle after both somtimes Coryza, when the Liquor falling down from the Brain distils to the Nostrils; and somtimes an Hoarsness or Cough, when it distils to the Jaws, or Lungs, known by the name of a Catarrh; whence the Fevers then accompanying are wont to be nam'd Catarrhal Fevers.

30. II. I judg the Cause of all Intermitting Fe­vers to be the Juice of the Pancreas in some part of it, standing still in one [...]r more lateral Passages of the Pan­creas obstructed, and made sharper by its stay there, and piercing through Phlegm more, or less viscous, the Cause of the noted Obstruction, a way being prepar'd by force by that sowr Acrimony, and effus'd [Page 204]into the small Gut, and there raising a vitious Esser­vescency with Choler and Phlegm, and indeed produ­cing different Cold in the beginning of the Fit, som­times more grievous, somtimes lighter, somtimes longer, somtimes shorter, till at length (when no more of it retaind against Nature, and so vitiated flows out) the same is overcom'd again (which is usually) by Choler, partly before comprest, and, as it were, supprest, now again being returnd to it s [...]lf, part­ly sliding down continually; whence the Mixture ri­sing from both and Phlegm, and being carri'd to the Right Ventricle of the Heart, is the Cause of the Heat following, somtimes greater, somtimes less, som­times none, as Choler and Phlegm are variously af­fected to the Juice of the Pancreas always at least then in part vitiated.

31. III. I judg the Cause of Fevers compounded of Continual and Intermitting Fevers, and not quite Intermitting but Remitting only, and again stird up both Causes of each, newly mentiond, together con­curring.

32. IV. I judg the Cause of Continual and Mild Fevers in the mean time stird up about Two Hours after any Food taken in (commonly call'd Hectic Fe­vers) to be chiefly Spittle vitious, and giving occa­sion for vitious Chyle because of more Glandul's to­gether affected; by which Chyle so carri'd to the Heart, the Esservescency being deprav'd, the Pulse is still stird up more frequent then before.

33. In like manner as I judg all Cold in any Fevers to be deriv'd partly and chiefly from the Juice of the Panereas, as s [...]wr, and perhaps somtimes also from Lympha, in like manner being more sowr; partly from Phlegm either Insipid or Acid: So I think all Heat is to be attributed to Choler upon the account, both of [Page 205]its Lixivial Salt and Oil; for Oil is apt to take the force of Fire and keep it; on the contrary, a Sowr Liquor is apt to extinguish it, and again to condense the Oil that was rarefi'd by the Fire; but a Lixivial Salt especially joind with an Oil, as oft as it causes an Esser­vescency with a Sowr Liquor, produces a notable Heat. And so, when all are moderat and keep their requisite proportion▪ and due manner, the vital Fire is preservd in the Universal Blood by that friendly fight; but it is encreasd, as oft as Choler being very Salt and Oily has Dominion; on the contrary it is diminisht as oft as the power of the Sowr Liquor is greater; Lastly, The same is extinguisht, where the extreme excess is in either, or both of those somwhat Contrary.

34. A Fever may in general be Cur'd; Either, I. By Condensing the Blood too much rarefi'd, and by allaying the over Esservescency of the Blood.

35. Or, II. By Tempering any Sharp, or Sowr, or Lixivial Salt thing found in the Humors and carrid to the Heart.

36. Or, III. By Discussing every Vaporous Windy thing, or by preventing its rising.

37. Or, IV. By taking away every Sharp thing, pulling the Heart on the out-side.

38. Among the Symptoms of Fevers, that are more frequent and primary, Cold, is Corrected by Medicins that temper the Sowr Humor, and amend Insipid Phlegm; and Heat, by Medicins that mitigate the Lixivial Salt, and condense the Oil.

39. An Obstruction of the Passages of the Pancreas, may be Cur'd by loosering, at least by removing viscous Phlegm out of its preternatural place, and by carrying it out by Vomit, Stool, Ʋrin, or Sweat.

40. And by what Means and Remedies all these may be performed, will not be difficult from what is [Page 206]above-said, and will yet be more evident from the peculiar Cure of the several kinds of Fevers to be propos'd hereafter.

CHAP. XXVIII. Of a Fever of One Day.

1. THat we may not seem rather to confound Students busied in the reading of Classic Au­thors, than help, we will treat in order the Kinds of Several Fevers, as they are commonly distinguisht and propos'd.

2. Therefore let us begin at the Diarian Fever, which is either of one day, and scarce continues the space of 24 hours, call'd Ephemera; or continues two, three, or four days, call'd by certain Diaria of More days, and a single, pure, or not putrid Sy­nochus.