Campanella revived, or, An enquiry into the history of the Royal Society, whether the virtuosi there do not pursue the projects of Campanella for the reducing England unto Popery being the extract of a letter to a person of honour from H.S. with another letter to Sir N.N. relating the cause of the quarrel betwixt H.S. and the R.S. and an apology against some of their cavils : with a postscript concerning the quarrel depending betwixt H.S. and Dr. Merrett.

Campanella revived, or, An enquiry into the history of the Royal Society, whether the virtuosi there do not pursue the projects of Campanella for the reducing England unto Popery being the extract of a letter to a person of honour from H.S. with another letter to Sir N.N. relating the cause of the quarrel betwixt H.S. and the R.S. and an apology against some of their cavils : with a postscript concerning the quarrel depending betwixt H.S. and Dr. Merrett.

Table of contents

Title page

TO THE READER.

CAMPANELLA REVIVED, &c.

Campanella touching the Spanish Monarchy. Ch. 10. pag. 47.

Ch. 25. pag. 157. Concerning England.

Ch. 27, pag. 177. Concerning Flanders and lower Germany.

To his ever honoured Friend, Sir N. N.

The Postscript.

§

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CAMPANELLA REVIVED. Or an Enquiry into the HISTORY OF THE Royal Society, Whether the Virtuosi there do not pursue the Projects of Campanella for the reducing England unto Popery.

BEING The Extract of a Letter to a Person of Honour from H. S. with another Letter to Sir N. N. relating the cause of the Quarrel betwixt H. S. and the R. S. and an Apology against some of their Cavils.

WITH A Postscript concerning the Quarrel depending betwixt H. S. and Dr. Merrett.

Aut hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi;

Aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros,

Inspectura domos, venturaque desuper Urbi;

Aut aliquis la [...]et error: equo ne credite Teucri.

LONDON, [...]d for the Author, 167 [...].

TO THE READER.

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THis ensuing Letter was a part of what I sent long ago to a Person of Honour in this Nation, to represent the occasion of the quarrel betwixt Me and the Virtuosi, and shewed the necessity of pursuing it: by such arguments I used as gained his approbation; and the generality of serious men have assented thereunto, though their opinion was, that the design might be of great danger and trouble to the bold undertaker. After that, I inserted it into a discourse concerning the Virtuosi, in which I debate many other things: viz. In opposition to Dr. Merrett, I deduce the original of Apothecaries from the times of Hippocrates and Aristotle thorough the Roman and Greek Empires; and shew with what prudence both Physicians and the Civil Magistrates concurred to their institution: and I have largely entreated on that Question, which the Virtuosi, in order to the ruine of the Faculty of Physicians, and of the Trade of Apothecaries, to the great alteration of the Practice of Physick, and aggrandising of themselves, have started, and with much confidence and more ignorance handled. I shew not only sundry particular impostures obtruded upon us by some of them: as also an account of a certain Model of the R. S. published in Germany, and written from London; in which there is so little of truth, that I wonder any of the Virtuosi Vide P [...] J [...] cob, [...]. pag. 65, 66, 67. should abuse Foreigners with such a Relation; or imagine that renown to be durable the foundation whereof is so vain and unstable. It is there that I demand they would make goood their [Page] promise to the learned Olaus Borrichius, that none of their Vide Th. [...]. Epist. C [...]ntur. 4. Ep. [...]. Colleagues should publish any thing but by the allowance and consent of the R. Society, that thereby it might be [...] cured against the cavils and exceptions of all Men. VVhich assurance of theirs, how ill they have managed, I dare appeal unto the world as Judges. I am now indisposed to publish the whole Treatise, and reserve it for some additions which Mr. Evelyns discourse of Forrest-Trees may invite me unto; the Second Edition whereof wants not its defects; and if I should trouble my self to examine his account of the Birch-Tree, it will appear as ridiculous as the History of Salt-Peter: and 'tis to me a Miracle, that neither He, nor all his Correspondents should inform us better of so obvious a thing: Neither is it less strange that I should be necessitated to dispute against another Virtuoso, Mr. Chamberlaine, whether it be our King's Prerogative Mr. Chamberlaines p [...]ent State of England, pag. 341. Edition 3. & pag. 61. to define what Books of Scriptur [...] are Canonical, and what Apocryphal? And, whether it be the Interest of our Monarchy that all the Commonalty be kept poor and in a complaining condition? But I pass from these considerations, to some exceptions made against what I have already published. It is said, that I have maliciously represented the places censured in their History: which if I have done, it is because they maliciously writ them: for I am not conscious of mis-alledging them, or of imposing any other sense thereon, than th [...] words do bear: and if any man can interpret them otherwise than I do, I confess I have wronged them: but if it be not possible to do so, they must blame themselves: However, supposing the passages might bear a more favourable construction, yet since the sense I follow is the most natural, since that they might be construed to the prejudice of the Church of England, it is judged by me, and others, to be an important service to the Publick, to extort a positive Declaration of their meaning, lest another Brerely make a benefit from those words to overthrow the Protestant Religion. I am further pressed with this intergatory, why I should imagine that the R. S. would subvert the Faculty of Physicians, there being so many eminent men of that Profession admitted therein, and so esteemed by them, as that they cannot be judged to vilisie that Faculty. I answer, Quid verba [Page] audio, cum facta videam? I see they do do it, and therefore a [...] not to be harangued into another sentiment. At first they would have incorporated the Colledge of Physicians into their Society: but that the prudent and grave did decline: then they promoted the Anti-Colledge of Pseudo-Chymists, encouraging Odowde and his ignorant Adherents in opposition to the Physicians: and this is not more notorious to the world, than it is also that those objections with which M. N. and other Quacksalvers amuse the Age were suggested unto them by the Virtuosi, and derived their repute from them. As for Mr. Glanvills book, it was perused by several of their Members, and corrected by them, and how much we are reduceable to a Society that could allow of that, and would not at my reiterated importunities call it in, or disclaim it, Let all Physicians judge. Nor would I have any man to believe that there are so many eminent Physicians of the R. S. for neither is the number of those admitted considerable; few of note but have deserted it again; the rest approve not of it: so that all they talk of [...] not amount to three understanding persons; and were they more, I do not find our Faculty better secured than that of Divinity, or the two Universities are by such Members thereof as are imbodyed into this Trojan-Horse. It is said also, that my Animadversions on Mr. Glanvill contain little of matter; to which I answer, that they contain enough to have made twenty Virtuosi famous, and would have acquired them a Memorial of ingenious and noble Experimentators: they contain enough to shew the ignorance of that person who had so insulted over all University-learning, and particularly over the Physicians: They contain enough, since they contain more than they all knew: and I think I have done great service to the learned, in shewing that these Virtuosi are very great Impostours, or men of little reading: either of which Imputations, if just, will secure us from their arrogance, and abate their esteem. I am blamed for diminishing the glory of our Nation, by ascribing all discoveries to the Antients, or else to Foreigners: to which I answer, that they take off from the glory of our Nation more, who usurp the inventions of others: I rather preserve the credit of the English (though not of the Virtuosi) then diminish [Page]i [...]: undue praises add not to any mans esteem: nor do I think I derogate from Dr. Willis, if I should say that his notion about the use of the Cerebrum and Cerebollum was fairly intimated by Carla Ruini, that ingenious Bolognese, in his Italian Anatomy of an [...]orse: neither do I lessen the performances of the Honourable and curious Mr. R. Boyle, when I averr that Aristotle did held the Ayre to be ponderous, and weighed it before him; or that the Elasticity of the Ayre was (as to name and thing) fully proposed by Pecquetus; and which is more than I have yet said, yet 'tis true, even the comparison betwixt the Atmosphear and Flocks of Wool is urged by him. ‘Fingito tibi Aerem [...]. [...]. Anat [...]. [...]p. 8. p [...] tum. hunc velut spong [...]osi vel LANEI potius cumuli terraqueum orbem ambientis molem:—’ And, ‘Insitus [...]reae substantiae ad rarescendum Elater spongiae LANEVE naturam imitatur.’ As little is Dr. Croone or Dr. Thr [...]ston i [...]jured, if I say that the Experiment about reviving a strangled Fowl by blowing ayre into the Lungs, was practised by Vesalius, and Bogdan, and was vulgarly known before, though perhaps V s [...]l. de s [...]l r. hum. corp. l. 7. c. [...]. not to the Virtuosi: and that the same Phaenomenon succeeds, if when Children are Still-born any one blow into their Mr. [...]. apol [...]g. pro [...]. [...]. Breech: which experiment is well known to many Midwives; nor do they doubt the recovery of the Child, if the Guts do rumble thereupon. These, and such like averrments of mine, being true, do not lessen the just esteem of any man, and argue candour in me, not malice. Besides, since that the Virtuosi did with this borrowed glory attempt to over-bear the Universities and all others as Ideots and Ignoramus's, 'twas necessary to inform them that neither the Antients, nor modern Academicks were so foolish as they painted them out to be, nor the R. S. so inquisitive as they would seem: and that if others would practise those Artifices, even the Peripateticks might signalize themselves as easily as the Royal Society. But I reserve the further prosecution hereof till another time: that which follows being of more importance to the Monarchy and Religion of our Kingdomes, than that I should detain my Reader any longer from it.

Henry Stubbe.

Warwick May 16. 1670.

CAMPANELLA REVIVED, &c.

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NEver was there any sort of people that by so many Artifices endeavoured to insinuate themselves and their Religion into all places and countryes, as that of the Papists: there is no Treaty or promise can secure an enemy from their secret underminings: there is nothing so un-moral, which their Casuists do not allow of, and practise; nothing so impious, or bloudy, but is an ingredient in their councils, when subservient to their ends: there is no shape or disguise which they will not assume, no humour which they will not comply with; not an Action of theirs but ought to be suspected, since their Confessours have that influeuce over their Layety, that whatsoever may, but at a distance, prejudice or tend to the detriment of their Church, they instantly put a period and stop thereunto. I speak not this to reflect upon the Society, who have found so great encouragement from that party, by the concurrence of their persons and purs [...]s: and so freely keep a correspondence with them from beyond seas: I only say, that as such an entercourse is not unknown to the Congregatio de propaganda fide, so (whatever Mr. Sprat suggests) they do not apprehend the constitution to be any way to the prejudice and dis-service of their Faith and Church. I believe it is not displeasing to them, to see how friendly the Protestants and Papists converse together in this Assembly: and it must needs raise their hopes of [...]ringing things to a closer union, when they perceive the strangeness, that ought to be, and hath been betwixt them, taken off, and to read addresses commencing with, Holy Father. How much an Oratour gains upon his Auditors [Page] when he hath made them attentive, and what a step that is to gaining upon their esteem, and how conducing that is towards the persuading them to what he intends, I well understand: but what benefit and advantage Popery may derive from this, that our Nobility and Gentry, our Divines and Lay [...]ty, laying aside all memory of the French and Irish Massacre, and Marian persecutions, the Gun-powder Treason, the firing of London, and forgetting all ani [...]osities and apprehensions of future dangers, converse freely with, and write obligeingly to them, testifie a great esteem of them, and from the dis-use of all harsh but to [...]true censures, come at length to lay aside all rancour and bitterness of thoughts; I say, how great benefit Popery may draw hence, I cannot well comprehend: yet I guess in part from what the Historian sets down ‘From Pag. [...]. enduring each others company, they may rise to a learning of each others opinions; from thence to an exchange of good offices; from thence to real friendship: till at last by such a Gentle, and easie Method, our several intere [...]s and sects may come to suffer one another, with the same peaceableness as men of different trades live one by another, in the same street.’ Is not this a very fair account of what the R. S. will bring things unto? and can we wonder that the Papists should be very civil in their returns to an A [...]embly that so highly obligeth them? But they add, ‘It is dishonourable, to pass an hard censure on the Religions of all other Countries: Pag. 63. It concerns them, to look to the reasonableness of their faith; and it is sufficient for us to be established in the Truth of our own.’ Well! Adiew to all the Sermons of Bishop Andrews upon the fifth of November: all that King James writ against the Papacy, and to prove the Pope to be Antichrist: farewell to a great part of our Homil [...]s, to part of the thirty nine Articles; the examples in Scriptur [...] whereby the prophets and holymen declare against Edom, Tyre, Sidon, &c. or against the Scribes and Pharisees, or Dian [...] at Ephesus, or the Idols at Athens, these arc dishonourable and pernicious. Give me leave to speak to these Virtuosi in the language of the Romish Saint Francis, viz. Salvete [...]ratres Asini; salvete sratres Lupi. Oh! how the followers of Conthen the [Page] Jesuit hugg themselves to hear these insinuations [...] Multum profecit error, cum id obtinuit ne delegatur. See but the wayes Conthen. [...]. l. 2. c. 18. Sect. 6. which he proposeth in order to the reducing of Hereticks to the Roman Church again there, and if this procedure be not agreeable to the examples which he suggests, may I never find credit. You see what applauds Mr. Sprat would have gained from that Jesuit for this History: but how would Campanella have clapped his hands for joy to see this happy establishment which he so long ago projected, in order to the converting of England, Holland, and other heretical countreys? It was his darling design, and which that [...]ryer (one of the most politi [...]k that ever was) so often inculcates in his book of the Spanish Monarchy.

Campanella touching the Spanish Monarchy. Ch. 10. pag. 47.

His Prince ‘Should banish all Theological Questions out of I follow the English Ed [...] tion: but the Latin is more Emphatical. the Transalpine Schools: seeing that all the Divines of those parts turn Hereticks, by not continuing sirm to the Holy constitutions of the Pope, but are still raising up fresh controversies: and the wits of these men are to be exercised only in the disputes of Natural Philosophy.’

‘He shall do well to shut up all the Greek and Hebrew Schools; because that these two languages have been destructive to Monarchy; and are besides the main pillars by which those Heresies that chiefly raign at this day are built Our Author did not think of the Universal Character of Mr. Dalgerno. upon. And therefore, on the contrary, let him endeavour to bring in the knowledge of the Arabick tongue; by means whereof the Mahumetans may be the better convinced; and the troublesome Transalpine wits may employ themselves rather in confuting the Turks, than in vexing the Catholicks with their disputes.’

‘Let him also erect Mathematical Schools—because by this means the Peoples Minds will be diverted from creating Us [Papists] any trouble, and will be incited to bend their Studies that way, which may be useful to the King.’

Ch. 25. pag. 157. Concerning England.

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‘Now as concerning the weakning of the English, there can no better way be possibly found out, then by causing divisions, and dissentions amongst themselves, and by continually keeping up the same; which will quickly furnish the Spaniard [or French] with better and more advantageous Opportunities. And as for the Religion of that people, it is that of Calvin; though very much moderated, and not so rigid, and austere as it is at Geneva: which yet cannot be so easily extinguished and rooted out there, unless there were some certain Schools set up in Flanders (with which the people of England have very great commerce) by means of which [...] much better done by the [...] now at Arundel-House, under the encouragement of there should be scattered abroad the Seeds of Schisme and Divisions in the Natural Sciences; as namely betwixt the Stoicks, Peripateticks, and Telesians, by which the errours of the Calvinists may be made manifest.—Being of a Nature that is still desirous of Novelties, and change, they are easily wrought over to any thing.’

Ch. 27, pag. 177. Concerning Flanders and lower Germany.

‘To conquer them there are but two wayes left now to be taken: the first of which is to sow the Seeds of Division amongst them: and the second to draw them forth of their own Countrey. Cadmus having a design of erecting a Monarchy at Thebes, whither he came a stranger, is said first to kill a Serpent; by which was signified, the Defence and Safe-guard of Thebes: and then afterwards to sow the Teeth of it; that is to say, to scatter abroad the Poyson of Desire of Innovation, and an earnestness to be instructed in the knowledge of Learning, namely in such new Sciences and Arts, as he had brought over with him from his own Countrey. And hence Souldiers are said to spring up, who through mutual discord, slew each other; and the remainders of them that were left, joyned themselves with Cadmus, their Head and Captain; so laying the foundation of the Kingdome [Page] of Thebes in Boeotia. I affirm therefore that these very courses ought to have been taken by the King of Spain; and not a war to have been only maintained against them all this while.’

‘And certainly, if the Southern people would ever conquer, or lay the foundations of a Monarchy over the Northern, seeing that they are not strong enough to bring the same about, they ought to have recourse to the Arts either of Cadmus, or of Jason: although of the two, Jason went the more wisely to work; seeing he first won the Heart of Medea, that is, the ☜ good will and affections of the Northern women to him.—Afterwards Jason by the enchantments of Medea, slew the Dragon, that is, the Guard of the Kingdome; such as are the valiant and warlike men of a Nation, with the Preachers. And then did he by the means of Enchanted Oyntments, tame fierce Beasts, the Brazen-footed and Fire-spitting Bulls; that is, by his friendship and gifts, he won over to him the Nobles and principal men of the Kingdome. And at length, by them he sowed about the Teeth of the Dragon; that is, by the assistance of the Nobles, he spread abroad the seeds of Discord and Dissention about Religion, Arts, and Honours. Whence, in the last place, sprung up Souldiers, that is, Factions; (such as are those of the Guelphs and Gibellines, the Pontificians and Imperialists, the Lutherans and Catholicks) wherein they killed each other: But those that remained, chose Jason for their Head, and Commander; and though few in number, yet afforded Him their assistance in the getting of the Golden Fleece, that is to say, such an Empire as we hear speak of.’

After this he proceeds to direct several things, whereof one Pag. 180. is, that by all means it be solidly taught, that the Pope is not ☜Antichrist; for upon the gaining of this point (sayes He, and I desire it may be marked) do all the rest depend: And, (in order to the casting away of all practical Divinity, and the introducing of some such Religion, as Mr. Sprat would have) ‘It must Pag. 181. be unanimously and stoutly maintained against them, that All Commentaries whatsoever that have been written upon the Bible, whether by Catholicks or Hereticks, ever since S. Augustins [Page] time, are to be suspected, and not to be trusted unto.’ Mr. Sprat saith that the foundations on which the Church of England stands, are no other, but (in the first place!) the Rights of the Civil power: the imitation of the first uncorrupt Churches (in Pag. 362. the second place! and thirdly) the Scripture expounded by Reason. Pag. 355. ‘Religion ought not to be the subject of Disputations: It should not stand in need of any devices of Reason: It should in this be like the Temporal laws of all Countreys, towards the obeying of which there is no need of Syllogysms or distinctions; nothing else is necessary but a bare promulgation (the Papists phrase is sufficient proposition!) a common apprehension, and sense enough to understand the Grammatical meaning of Ordinary words.’ Thus he casts off all Scholastick and Polemical Divinity, and writes as if he did not own the Three Creeds, and four general Councils, or thirty nine Articles: we must use no Syllogisms, though to prove the Trinity, or meritoriousness of Christs death, or our interest therein by a practical Syllogysm, and fides specialis misericordiae: no Analogy of faith to regulate us by: no Church-History: in fine, we must look no farther than the Grammatical meaning of ordinary words, though the Sacrament, and Hoc est corpus meum, be the subject of the debate.—I find indeed that Campanella adds, that ‘the multiplying Pag. [...]. of Books, and the spinning out of Controversies, do but add Authority to a bad cause, and besides also shews like a kind of Victory.’

‘These Hereticks, after they had put forth new Bibles into the world, and wresting all the Fathers and Historians as they pleased, put such interpretations upon the same as they thought good: they then began, in order thereunto, to apply themselves to the study of the Hebrew and Greek tongues, and started a thousand Grammatical Niceties, wherewith they have filled up many great Volumes: insomuch that the whole North in a manner makes a Grammatical war upon us, rather than a Spiritual: Whereas We have long since laid aside the study of Languages, ever since we overcame the Hebrews, Greeks, and Latines, and have made them submit themselves to Christianity, or else have devested them of the power of discharging all Political and Sacerdotal Administrations; as it is [Page] with the Jews at this day. And therefore we intend not now to trouble our selves any further with petite Sophistical Niceties, Nor ever shall have occasion to be troubled with them, [...] our Historian prevail. and Grammatical Quirks: but relying only upon our own strength of Wit, we let alone all prolix courses of Disciplines, and the tediousness of writing huge Volumes: mean while that these men spend their time herein, and weary us out almost with their Cavillings, although they do not get the better of us. I conceive therefore, that these men should be ☜ taken off from these Grammatical Heresies, namely, by some New Arts and Sciences, and such wherein we are excellent our selves. And to this end the King should erect certain Schools in all the principal Cities, wherein the Arabick tongue should be taught: that so by this means there may be such among his Subjects, as shall be able to Dispute with the Turks, Moors, and Persians, who by the use of that Tongue do spread their Mahometanisme, as we do Christianitie by the Latine Tongue; and so by these means our intestine wars may be laid aside, and our Arms turned against foreign enemies.’

‘There should be Schools also erected for the Mathematicks, ☜ and Astronomy, unto which these Northern people should be invited to come, by proposing Salaries for such of them, as shall apply themselves to the Discovering, and giving an Account of such Starrs and Constellations, as are found in the other Hemisphear, in the new world. For by these means there would redound to the Spanish Empire both Honour and Profit. I would also have the Schools of the Old Philosophers to ☜ be opened again; as of the Platonists and Stoicks, and of the And [...] and [...] too Telesians, that so the people may be diverted from Theological Questions, and may apply themselves to study Questions of Philosophy: for those come nearer to the Christian faith, than the Doctrine of Aristotle doth. Now the King in doing these things, shall sollow the example of Hercules, who to the end he might the more easily overcome Antaeus, drew him ☜ forth of his own Territories; and also of Cadmus, who brought over New Arts and Sciences with him into Boeotia; and by means of the same, got to be Prince of the Countrey. And by taking of this course, the Principal among the Hereticks, when they shall see there is more to be gotten [Page] there then here, forsaking their Heresies, will become Ringleaders ☞ in the Sects of Philosophy and Astronomy.’

‘—There should also be erected publick work-houses for ☞ the exercises of Mechanical Arts, to which this people is exceeding apt: and so by this means will the Business of Navigation be much promoted, together with the skill of besieging Towns, and of taking them in by the use of Artificial Fire-works. By these means the People (probably) will be taken off from their False Religion, and divided one ☞ from another; to the great advantage of the Kingdome of Spain, to whom many will now come and tender their service: and his Empire, which of late hath been contemptible and hateful to the world, shall recover its antient Splendour and Honour.’

These are the passages which I think I first accommodated to the Royal Society, and which served me as a Key to expound their History by: and although the indignation I conceived against Mr. Glanvill of the affronts he and his Assistants had put upon the Physicians was the first motive which put me upon writing, yet it was a regard I had to the Religion and the Education of our Youth (which I found undermined by these Campanella's) which imboldened me never to lay aside my Pen. I was afraid lest our Virtuosi with their trinkets and experiments would serve this Nation such a trick as the Pyed-Piper at Hammel in the Dutchy of Brunswic did those Inhabitants: W [...]rus d [...] 1 [...]. Sect. 2. He first played in the Town and all the Rats and Mice follow'd him, which He so destroyed: then He played again, and their Children followed him, and thence He lead them out of the Town unto an Hill, into which He went, and they followed him, and perished all. Some of these passages I have censured in my first book printed at Oxford; it being manifest, that without a Regard to those Popish Machinations, no man would have inserted any thing of such import which was no way necessary to the vindication of the Virtuosi or matter intreated on.

To his ever honoured Friend, Sir N. N.

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SIR,

ALthough the multiplicity of business arising from my practice in the Countrey, and the great inclinations I have to improve each vacant minute, in the prosecution of my studies, although these occasions render me not so civil to my friends by any entercourse of Letters, as I seemingly ought to be, yet do not they at all diminish my respects for them, so that they may as absolutely as ever dispose of my services, though the confirmation thereof be not daily renew'd unto them with all that noise of ceremony and Flattery with which this impertinent age doth abound. Your Letter brought with it all those circumstances that could justly endear it unto me; and I was infinitely satisfied to understand that I had so important a place in that memory which retains nothing vulgar and trivial: These sentiments alone were enough to transport me into some vanity, and place a greater value on my self than I know I merit, because you write, that is think, I have some; and I am almost ready to yield that to the opinion of your judgement that which I have many demonstrations against. I am pleas'd to understand that so many serious and real Patriots of this Kingdome do approve not only of my undertaking the Royal Society, but of my performances therein: what others, especially judicious and sober persons, say of us, is a thing no virtuous person ought to look upon with indifference: though the greatest comforts in all actions arise from that content which our own breasts afford us. My life hath been a continual scene of dangers, which the Rebellion in Ireland, Poverty, Sickness, and other accidents [Page] invo [...]ed me in, but though in a thousand misfortunes I have refl [...]cted on my condition as irreleivable, yet of all the intrica [...]ies that ever I encountred, tho beginning of this Quarrel did represent unto me the worst and most perplexed I [...] encountred: All the others appeared like the contrivan [...], of a resistless Fate, this to depend upon my own election; All others did at once acquaint me with the whole prospect of the h [...]rd I was in, and my thoughts discovered unto me clearly what grounds I might relye upon for hopes, and what [...]casions I had to despair, and amidst these resentments I was prepared for any issue Providence would ordain me: but in this I could not any wayes imagino what might be the consequence of the attempt, whence to derive any assurance, or where to terminate my fears: so that I was forced to abandon all those melanchollick apprehensions, and to deduce my encourageme [...]ts from the necessity of the Action, and from that despair which made all troubles and even death it self pleasant, since I could make no other estimate of England, but that even the poor remains of Religion and Learning amongst us were so imminently endangered, that I could not expect their long continuance, nor with patience think how to survive them. All men represented unto me the perils into which I threw my self, but none moro than I foresaw my self: none had the confidence to imbolden me, many dissuaded me: but in the whole affair I consulted the tranquility of my own mind, and determined upon that courso wherein I found the most content, not the most profit: and agreeable to the directions of that Hebrew Proverb, Though sixty Councellours tender you an advice, yet reject not the dictates of your own breast, I fixed upon those resolutions which were most conformable to my Soul, and in which I found my internal peace best established: I left the conduct to God, whose glory was concern'd so highly, and bottomed my self upon this ground alone as to outward supports, that my design must be agreeable to all that regarded the interest of the Monarchy and Religion of this land, the welfare of the Church or State, the happiness of this Generation and of Posterity: and instead of making particular friends (or matter of great uncertainty [Page] now) I hoped that the particular concernments of th [...] Church of England, the two Universities, the Colledge of Physicians, and of all Artisans, would supply that defect. The History of the R. S. and Mr. Glanvills plus ultra, did furnish me with undenyable arguments of the common danger; and the general and constant discourses as well as deportment of the Comical Wits or Vertuosi were such, that no [...]ss or comment could create another representation of things. Sir, it is not unknown to you what influence Education hath upon any Government; that without a regard hereunto the best Laws become useless and ineffectual, thorough the contempt and malepertness of the Subjects: and the most noble designs of Princes frustrated for want of befitting instruments to carry them on: By the sole force of good Education sundry Governments have subsisted, whose constitution hath been defective, and whose disturbances and calamities have been such as would have shatter'd into pieces and confusion any weaker foundation: of this Lycurgus took an especial care, and the paucity of his Laws was admirably supplyed by his diligence herein: and the neglect hereof is justly censured by Aristotle Aristot. E [...]ic. l. 10. c. 9. in other Republicks. Upon this account our prudent Ancestors, (knowing how much more untractable Northern people were than others, sacrificing upon any occasion their lives unto their passions) have been eminent in their cares for the educating of our Youth, Gentry and others, to such knowledge and customs as was necessary to the due honouring of God, and the welfare of the Nation and Government. From this care had our Universities their original, and that publick breeding in Free Schools: and the advantages are these, that by the Uniformity of the instruction mens minds may be better united and cemented together, (no material difference arising, nor each seeming to the other foolish and ridiculous, where all are inured to the same sentiments) and not only that confusion is prevented which private Tutors would occasion by insusing different and repugnant principles into the Youth, but even the deportment and inclinations of all becomes evident to the Magistrates and others, which best and most naturally discover themselves in their tender and [Page] anwary years, from whence the prudent can judge what to hope, or expect from them in their maturity, how to discourage, distrust, confide in or employ them: the Tutors they have, the Books they converse with, the studies and usages which they like and dislike, are thereby known: and of those evil fruits which some men have afterwards produced, 'tis notorious that the first buds and bl [...]ssoms were, or might have been observed during their continuance at the Universities. Pardon a despised Peripatetick if I tell you that it is an opinion Aristotle betrays me into, that the source of all our evils, and the continuance of them, is derived from the neglect of publick Education: nor doth there appear to me any possibility of remedying thereof, or reconciling us by the establishment of new Laws (how penal soever) but by resetling a fitting Education: this dillgently pursued, would insensibly and infallibly atchieve that which no Laws will ever do where they are to encounter grown men, whose resentments are violent, and their reasons weak especially as to remote consequences. This general advantage to the publick, was attended with another not of less importance: viz. that since the condition of our Nation and Monarchy requires that all be principled in the Protestant Religion in opposition to Popery (the restoration of which would indanger the Title of our King to his Let these Considerations (if others from P [...]ety seem contemptible) teach us wisdome before an absolute impossib [...]y to redr [...]ss our evils: Loave us [...] cons [...]tion but despair, for not h [...]g t [...]ly for [...]een and prevented them. Crown, or render it feudatary and obnoxious to foreign power, as any man that is acquainted with History must know: it would also embroyl us in the restitution of Churchlands, which as they make up the greatest part of most mens estates, so the rendition of them; if I can judge of the posture of England how, will be more facile than that of the Episcopal Revenue lately was) and in conformity to the Church, whilest custome, example, and uniform instruction would represent those ceremonies and habits as decent, orderly and rational, which would otherwise seem uncouth, and phantastical: Besides these, it was a further security to our Government, that the Education there did qualifie men to a submission to and love of our Government: It being evident [Page] that the Paliticks of Aristotle suit admirably with our Monarchy, and men are well prepared to own and support a reiglement, which that intelligent Phylosopher so long ago represented as the Idea of humane policy, in opposition to the Seignioral and absolute Monarchy. The Ethicks there are gen [...]rous, and subservient to Religion, and civil prudence, and all manner of virtue: the Logick and Metaphysicks are so entwisted with the established Religion, and so requisite to the support of it against Papists and Socinians, that without a miracle the neglect hereof must bring a change in the former: even common wisdome teacheth us that we must vary our Weapons and Militia according to what our enemies practise: thus when the world assumed Guns, we have been forced to abandon our Archery, and quit those fortifications which sufficed against all former approaches, since the battering Canon were introduced: the learning of the Sarracens prevailing on the minds of men endued with reason, the Monks and Ecclesiasticks were forced to Study School-divinity in opposition to them, and not to rely upon the sole support of Authority, Legends, and feigned Miracles: and whilst that Subtlety of reasoning and distinguishing continues amongst our Adversaries, 'tis no less than apparent madness to cast our Arms away, and desert those courses by which alone so great a part of the Nation is to be reduced, and Foreign encroachments prevented. The Study of Learned Languages is so necessary to Ecclesiastical and Civil History, and the understanding thereof (together with the Original Scripture) so requisite to our State and Church, that they must be enemies to both that discourage those Studies, and looked upon as such as manifestly go about to ruine their Native Countrey. With what facility are those Arguments solved in an Academical way, which perplex the ignorant? What sense do those terms bear to an understanding person which seem iusignificant and contradictious or non-sensical notions to those of lower intellectuals? What intricate cases are resolved, when it is made evident that their Authors are spuri [...]us, or intended otherwise? As to that usual exception that 'tis an empty and mean employment for generous youth to be wasted in the studying of Languages, and chopping of Logick; [Page] it arguos no judgement in those that use it: for nothing is mean, despicable, and empty, without which so high and important benefits cannot be attained: By the same reason, the exercises of the old Romans in the Campus Martius, the Palastra and Olympic games, the modern Training, and Cudgel-playing, or shooting at Butts, must be exploded; yet no wise man will assent hereunto: and it is evident, that those other studies are as subservient to the ends proposed in them, as those others are to what is designed therein. All these so considerable advantages which our Church and State derives from Academical education, are designed to be overthrown by the Historian, and the common entertainments of the Virtuosi consist in debauching our Nobility, Gentry, and all the youth from those studies, as useless, empty, and impertinent: and how just, how necessary ought that undertaking to seem universally which hath no other end than the silencing of these Comediants? They magnisie, in opposition to all other knowledge, the Experimental Philosophy: were the thing well modelled, managed by discreet persons, and the Question rightly stated, there would be no controversie betwixt us: the pursuit thereof would creat us some profit, and much of pleasure: but whosoever accustomes Children or Youth to those divertisements, shall never breed up any eminent personage, nor reduce them afterwards to serious and sedentary studies: as daily observation shews: And whosoever asserts that such ‘innocent works will certainly have a more sure effect in the composing History of the R. S. pag 342. and purifying mens thoughts, than all the rigid precepts of the Stoical, or the empty distinctions of the Peripatetick Moralists:’ it is certain he never was acquainted with the Stoicks, or Peripateticks, but is a Virtuosi. I prosess some shame to think that any man should oppose this Mechanical education to the other, and make use of it to disparage that Moral discipline which instructs us in th [...] nature of virtue and vioe, of Distributive and Commutative Justice: humane actings, and the due course, as well as exorbitances of our passions: But to prefer the advancement of such Experiments before the most renowned Actions In the D [...] tion of the Hist [...]y. of the best Princes, is so strange a passage, that I only say, 'tis well the Author thereof is an enemy to, and unacquainted [...] in More Nebuch [...] l. 2. c. 37. with University-Learning. ‘Non est conveniens proportio inter [Page] res differentes specie. Non enim oportet dicore quod hominis perfectio est tanta, vel major equi perfectione.’ All that is said about the erecting of Mechanical or Sensible Philosophy of Nature, is but empty talk: Humane nature, is not capable of such atchievements: 'tis evidontly impossible to attain any exact knowledge of the surface of our whole Terrestrial Globe: and the depths of the Earth and water, are no less unsearchable: and as to the component particles, their nature, figure, motions, and combinations are known only to the Deity: so that no prudent person is to be amused with these Rosicrucian promises: As to the collection of the History of Nature, were it not universal, it might be of some use, and afford not only matter for the railleurs, but other pretty illustrations and similitudes for the Rhetoricians; but I must here complain of them for making us false relations, which will create us more trouble than if they had done nothing: and also for this, that since these men take upon them to upbraid all the Aristotelians and Ph [...]ians for not attending unto Experiments, yet do they do little more than steal the Experiments of others, and publish them as their own, without ever referring to Authors, except an ingenious Virtuos be concern'd: would these persons be pleased to declare solemnly unto the world that they understand nothing of antient or modern Writers (you may see by Aristotles gravitation of the Ayre, that they never read him: nor Galen, or Pliny, or Aristotle, who speak of Apothecaries such as ours) it were but candour in them, and the best way to secure their credit from being thought Plagiaries and Cheats: so, if they would but get any one to teach them Latine and Greek, it would have saved me some trouble, as you will see in my Animadversions on their History: In fine, I doubt not but to make it plain to all the world, that some having been so negligent, most so ignorant, we can expect no great things from them, nor are to be concern'd for them at all in an affair of such importance as the change of our Education and Religion. They might have appeased me, would they have called in those two books; but since they would not do that, I suspect their intentions, and that they drive on Campanella's project: why should they else have scrupled at it? [Page] Is it below them to acknowledge their errours, whereas they blame the Peripateticks for refusing to confess theirs? I am inform'd by you that they say many of my citations are false [...] but no man of reading will say so: they were true when they went from me; if the Printer have mistook, I cannot help it: a Stratagem of theirs hinder'd me from correcting the Press: I know some books are misnamed, but such Scholars as they pretend to be (and who offer to tell the Parliament of what in each invention is new or old) can easily correct that: as where I cit [...] Scheinir: ros. Vagin: any ordinary man can tell it should be rosa Ursin: and so for other defaults: but if the poor Devils cannot tell how to apprehend such Errata, if they will send to me, I will rectifie [...]ny citation, rather then they should give them a needless trouble in denying it. There is not one allegation that I have not consulted my self, except what relates to Pecqu [...]t and Mersennus: and neither of those [...] were they injured in; but my books being burnt at London, those two pieces I wanted: but as to Pecquet, if you look into him: you will find not only the gravitation of the Atmosphear, but the Elasticity and comparison with a Fleece of Wooll, and Experiment of the Barometer (not the non-sensical appellation) related as amply as in any of the Virtuosi: and it is in this manner that I have injured them. But they must say something to preserve their credit; yet have I a thousand faults more to charge them with: but I reserve them for another Treatise, which if they do not submit to the two Universities, and the Colledge of Physicians, I will publish. In truth, no Physician can joyn with them, or give them any countenance without betraying his Paculty to most unworthy Empiricks. It is intollerable that a company of men that know not what belongs to a Disease, or Remedy, should arrogate as they do. I have already shew'd the long use of Ivy-berries for the [...], & Myns [...] de Catha [...]co [...]. I do not [...] A. [...], because he adds not [...]. Plague: this they bring (out of Parkinson!) for an Arcanum! The L [...]nar P [...]ls as to the main ingredient was publick in Tenthelius and [...]: but the making of the Luna Catharti [...] into Pills with white-bread crumb [...] is their invention [...] And if the additional crumbs of bread works not the miracles (as indeed neither do the Pills answer expect [...]tion at all) neither [Page] is the addition of Nitre n [...]w, nor the discovery above what we knew before. I dare undertake to make an Experimentator of any insipid Aristotelian at this rate, let him but pretend to other mens discoveries: a little wit and a brazen-face will serve to that purpose, without studying. As to what you farther add, that they decry me for an Atheist, and one of no Religion: First, I reply that it doth not become any of them to upbraid me therewith; or if that procedure be excusable, it admits only of this Apology, that being to Character a man altogether unknown to most, and not intimate with any of them, they make themselves the Original, and so coppy m [...] out thence: this is a fallacy our senses commonly betray us into; for the things which we are unacquainted with farther than by report, or deceitful Telescopes, we presently fancy to resemble more or less those objects we daily converse with: and the Virtuosi being sensible Phylosophers, act according to their principles herein, though not according to real truth. Secondly, if ever my tongue (I am sure my actions have not) ever given any occasion to conjecture so of me, I beg pardon of God and the world for it: but the occasion of such reports was rather from the malice of men, than that they had any ground for it; unless this were one, that during the late times, because I would joyn with no party in a Church, they imagined that I could be of no Religion; whereas I did no more than Chrysostome and others before me: A second enducement may have been a custom natural unto me, to defend the absent or depressed, or excuse them against the censures of illiterate Adversaries: other ground I know none, and it is not to be deduced by any man from any of my present writings I am sure; but the contrary: And it is strange that men pretending to a respect for our Church, should thus conspire to defame me for so seasonable and powerful a defence thereof: it being obvious to see that hereby I recede from my Temporal interest, which they know might be better made up by open debauchery, indifferency as to Religion, flattering and lying: not to mention the present and future dangers I run into by this attempt, the final issue whereof is scarce likely to antedate my death: If a profession of the Protestant Religion, Union with the Church [Page]of England, an unblamable life, and the hazards I now encounter voluntarily, cannot justifie me against these imputations, let them produce as much in their behalfs, and acquaint me what more is requisite, and they shall find I will not decline any fitting testimony whereby to undeceive them: so that they ought not to upbraid a man who appears principally concerned for the Church and Protestant Religion with such a Calumny, which might with great shew of justice be fixed upon all the Abettours of that History of theirs. As for the rest you write about, I value it not: those untruths are easily refuted; and as yet I cannot believe that they will avow them in Print: Let us leave them Sir, to talk a little as yet; they have been used to spend their discourses in commendation of one another; be contented that you have some new discourse: would you have them so soon to hold their peace? I know a Gentleman who in the wars of Ireland at one blow cut off a man's head; and the headless trunk clapp'd spurs to the horse sides and rid about ten yards after: Let these loosers talk a little; and then retire and work, and so cure their passions (according as Mr. Sprat adviseth) and endeavour to regain their credit, which I think is irrecoverably lost, if others, by my example, will pursue their failings. As to his Majesty, he cannot suffer when these Spirits dis-appear, who like those Phantasmes in the Mines hav [...] made a great shew of [...] doing much, but upon enquiry no such performances are really found: All posterity will celebrate the glory of his intentions to improve the knowledge and trading of this Nation: and he is possessed of so many Royal Virtues that render him the object of all our esteem, that the removal of these now will not derogate from, but illustrate his Renown, and confirm England in the Reverence of his generosity and their detestableness: But I doubt I trespass too much upon your patience, and that you are tyred, as I am with writing, but not with any professions that becomes

Your most humble Servant Hen. Stubbe.

Warwick June 2 [...] 1670.

The Postscript.

[Page]

SIR,

THE News you write me about Dr. Merrett did at first a little surprise me, and had I not during this last year been accustomed to the puny Stratagems of the Virtuosi, I should have wondered much to understand that I was entitled to the Lex Talionis, or that Apologie for Apothecaries to practice Physick. But the Comediants finding their anger insignificant against me, by reason of the advantages which their ignorance had given me over them, have ascribed unto me a book which admits of an easy reply, and which enterferes with the Colledge of Physicians, that so they might seem to bassle and inodiate me at once in the judgement of that profession for which I seem concern'd. I cannot make any particular desence, not having seen his book: but if Dr. Merrett had consulted the principal Apothecaries, I doubt not but some of them could have given him an account of my intentions, and how different my sentiments were from those of that Authour: and it was easie for him to learn that I was not the penner or approver of the other piece. I writ to some of the Company of Apothecaries desiring them to compose the growing fewd betwixt them and the Colledge, and told them that I neither could nor would encourage them against that Illustrious Assembly; that it was the interest of Physicians to employ Apothecaries, as a distinct profession; and that it was the prudence of States that it should be so: that I could deduce the difference of the employments thorough Antient and Modern Greece, as well as Rome: and that the reasons to be alledged against Physicians prepairing their own Medicaments were such as admitted of no answer, nor evasion amongst understanding [Page] men: but that I could never invent or meet with any arguments that could induce me to allow of practicing Apothecaries; and that I understood so well the extent and difficulty of my profession, that (however they might in some cases prosper) I could never defend that assertion. I desired them to consider that if any heats or indignities had passed from the Colledge towards them, it was their wisdom to pass them by, and not to abandon their important concernments to indulge any passion: that the effect of this contest would be, that the impertinent Virtuosi and insolent Quacksalvers would carry away all the advantage: to conclude, there were many defaults needed regulation in them, that although the Physicians in general would be prejudiced by this dispute, yet so many eminent persons would continue famous, as might divert the Storm upon the heads of the Apothecaries, and if the Colledge would joyn effectually therein, the project is not difficult, though I would not intimate it. I did therefore earnestly recommend unto their considerations an union, and that they would not delude themselves that they could prosecute their Trades long, is that famed body of men did resolve against them, with whose determinations I did not doubt but all intelligent practitioners in the Countrey and Counties would comply: but I hoped we should not be put upon those extreams. I advised them to reflect upon our common Enemies the Royal Society, and see if they were not the principal Incendiaries: that all the books that had been yet written on that Subject proceeded from them; and that I looked on it as a design of theirs to aggrandise themselves upon the ruine of the Colledge (a thing they have alwayes endeavoured) and Apothecaries: that there wanted not of them who purposed to erect a Laboratory and Shop, whence all should be furnished cheaper and better than now, as to general Medecines, provided they would act themselves in the more common and frequent Medicaments: that if they proceeded herein, the Virtuosi might facilitate their design, though their igrance and unfaithfulness be such that all men ought to oppose these Projectors. Upon this account I did largely handle that Question, Whether Physicians ought to make their own Medicines? which I resolved in the Negative, and urged all those [Page] arguments (with several illustrations) which have hithert [...] s [...]ayed with prudent Governours and Physicians to establish the received usage: but I protested against any encouragement for Apothecaries to practice. I answer'd all that Dr. Merrett had alledged, and shewed his intollerable ignorance in that book; and if we might take an estimate of his parts from that writing, 'twas manifest he might better imploy his time in studying the method of Physick, than composing Medicaments: that after 30. years practice 'twas evident he understood not the Rudiments of that noble Science, nor could state a case therein. As for Dr. Goddard, who had writ more warily and with greater prudence, I only dissented from him in the Antiquity of Apothecaries, and treated him as a Physician whom I pittyed for being mixed with so illiterate a company. This was the purport of my Treatise, which was joyned with another miscellaneous Discourse about the errours and cheats of the Virtuosi; and the pernicious influence they would have ere long upon all Trades and Professions, when they had more inspected them: that they began with the rectifying Apothecaries, but where they would end I did not know: that it behooved all men to combine against them, the tendency of whose designs was so satal and malignant: that I hoped the Physicians would consult their common interest in opposition to the Thomsons and Odowdes, &c. and act with that moderation which became wisemen, & who were tender of continuing the renown of their Faculty, which would suddenly else devolve into the hands of Empiricks; and demean themselves with that moderation which might end in an accord with the Apothecaries: that this quarrel was inconsiderable, and indeed (as Dr. Merrett confesseth) of no longer continuance then that of the R. S. and would receive a period with their overthrow; which not only all Doctors, but all good men ought to endeavour; that the disasters of the late Dutch Warr, the Plague, and Fire of London were less inconveniences than their perpetuity: that these calamities admitted of some remedy here after; but the evils they are likely to occasion us, would never be corrected by any humane prudence; and I doubted whether God would support us by his providence, when they had debauched the Nation from all Piety and Morality, as well as civil Wisdom. [Page] This was the subject of that Book, which I doub [...] not but will be approved by all judicious persons: and the Colledge [...] see that I can write against Dr. Merrett without derogating from them; or rather that my intendments were to support them, and not dis-serve the Apothecaries in the least. I intend to make it publick in Michaelmas Term: the passage of Campanella being taken out thence, hath occasioned that breach in it which I have not leisure now to redress: and perhaps I may call those other writings of the Virtuosi to an examination, which have been the principal cause of all these controversies, and which if they be not refuted, 'tis in vai [...] to attack the Medela Medecine, Mainwairing, &c. They must blame themselves, not me, for any undertaking of this nature; ordinary prudence would have inabled them to foresee the issue of those kind of writings; and a proportionate candour now would induce them to retract them, without enforcing me to shew how many unreasonable tryals they put us upon; how many impertinences they suggest unto us; how delusory their Medic [...]ments are; how 'tis their usual practice to vouch those things for new discoveries which we very well knew before, and to which if they were strangers, it is because they were not acquainted with the practice of the most eminent Physicians. Let them therefore hence forward permit the Physicians to be Judges of their own Science, and give them the credit best to understand their own deficiencies, and the occasions of any failours in their practice. The blind may as well judge of colours, the insensible concerning the objects of feeling, as the Virtuosi of Physick. This is no knowledge that ariseth from natural wit alone: Fancy without judgement, reading, and observation will not enable them hereunto: This is a performance too great for the Merretts and the Sydenhams: as I shall shew hereafter; and as little agreeing with Dr. Sprat; or Mr. Glawvill, whose abilities in matters relating to their profession are so contemptible, that 'twere folly to expect much from them where they profess not. I have not time to enlarge farther, being now employed otherwise, and having appointed to spend the next week or two at Bath in attendance of a Neighbouring Patient.

Yours, &c.

[...]agley June 14, 1670.

FINIS

[Page]

Information about this book

Title statement

Campanella revived, or, An enquiry into the history of the Royal Society, whether the virtuosi there do not pursue the projects of Campanella for the reducing England unto Popery being the extract of a letter to a person of honour from H.S. with another letter to Sir N.N. relating the cause of the quarrel betwixt H.S. and the R.S. and an apology against some of their cavils : with a postscript concerning the quarrel depending betwixt H.S. and Dr. Merrett.

Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676.

Edition statement

1670

Publication

Publisher

Text Creation Partnership,

Place of publication

Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :

Date

2003-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A61868

ID [STC]

Wing S6030

ID [STC]

ESTC R7503

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

12193729

ID [OCLC]

ocm 12193729

ID [VID]

55946

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Early English books online.

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(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A61868)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 55946)

Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 899:24)

Source

— Campanella revived, or, An enquiry into the history of the Royal Society, whether the virtuosi there do not pursue the projects of Campanella for the reducing England unto Popery being the extract of a letter to a person of honour from H.S. with another letter to Sir N.N. relating the cause of the quarrel betwixt H.S. and the R.S. and an apology against some of their cavils : with a postscript concerning the quarrel depending betwixt H.S. and Dr. Merrett., Stubbe, Henry, 1632-1676..

Extent

[6], 22 p.

Printed for the author,. London :: 1670.. (Reproduction of original in Osler Library, McGill University.) (Attributed to Henry Stubbs [Stubbe]. cf. NUC pre-1956.) (Includes a discussion of Tommaso Campanella's De monarchia hispanica.)

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