Campanalogia: or, The art of ringing improved. With plain and easie rules to guide the practitioner in the ringing all kinds of changes. To which is added, great variety of new peals.

OF THE ART OF Changes.

THeſe clear dayes of Knowledge, that have ranſackt the dark corners of moſt Arts and Sciences, and freed their hidden myſteries from the bonds of obſcurity, have alſo regiſtred this of Ringing, in the Catalogue of their Improvements; as well the Speculative as the Practick part, which of late years remain'd in Embryo, are now become perfect, and worthy the knowledge of the moſt ingenious. Although the Practick part of Ringing is chiefly the ſubject of this Diſcourſe, yet firſt I will ſpeak ſomething of the Art of Changes, its Invention being Mathematical, and produceth incredible effects, as hereafter will appear. But firſt, I will premiſe a word or two, to ſhew what the nature of thoſe Changes are. Some certain number of things are preſuppoſed to be changed or varied; as 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. or any greater number whatſoever; then the number of things to be ſo varied muſt have the like number of fixed places aſſigned them. As if five men were ſitting upon five ſtools in a row; the ſtools are ſuppoſed to be fixed places for the five men, but the men by conſent may move or change to each others places at pleaſure, yet ſtill ſitting in a row as at firſt: now this Art directs how, and in what order thoſe five men may change places with each other, whereby they may ſit ſixſcore times in a row, and not twice alike. And likewiſe a Peal of five Bells, being raiſed up to a fit compaſs for ringing of Changes, are there ſuppoſed to have five fixed places, which time aſſigns to their notes or ſtrokes; yet the notes of the Bells may change into each others places at pleaſure: now this Art alſo directs the manner and method of changing the five notes in ſuch ſort, that they may ſtrike ſixſcore times round, and not twice alike.

The numbers of Changes are thus to be diſcovered. Two muſt firſt be admitted to be varied two wayes; then to find out the Changes in three, the Changes on two muſt be multiplied by three, and the product will be ſix, which are the compleat number of Changes on three.

Thoſe ſix Changes being multiplied by four, will produce 24, which are the compleat number of Changes on four. The 24 Changes on four, being multiplied by five, will produce 120, which are the compleat number of Changes on five. And in like manner the 120, being multiplied by ſix, will produce 720, which are the compleat number on ſix. The 720, being multiplied by ſeven, will produce 5040, which are the number of Changes on ſeven. The 5040, being multiplied by eight, will produce 40320, which are the number of Changes on eight. Thoſe Changes on eight, being multiplied by nine, will produce 362880, which are the number of Changes on nine. Thoſe Changes on nine, being multiplied by ten, will produce 3628800, which are the number on ten. Thoſe on ten, being multiplied by eleven, will produce 39916800, which are the number on eleven. Thoſe alſo being multiplied by twelve, will produce 479001600, which are the compleat number of Changes on twelve. And if twelve men ſhould attempt to ring all thoſe Changes on twelve Bells, they could not effect it in leſs than ſeventy five years, twelve Lunar Months, one week, and three days, notwithſtanding they ring without intermiſſion, and after the proportion of 720 Changes every hour. Or if one man ſhould attempt to prick them down upon Paper, he could not effect it in leſs than the aforeſaid ſpace. And 1440 being prickt in a ſheet, they would take up ſix hundred ſixty five Reams of Paper, and upwards, reckoning five hundred Sheets to a Ream; which Paper at five ſhillings the Ream, would coſt one hundred ſixty ſix Pounds five Shillings.

The reaſon of the aforeſaid Multiplication, by which the numbers of Changes are diſcovered, and alſo that thoſe Products are the true numbers of Changes, will plainly and manifeſtly appear in theſe following Demonſtrations.

But firſt, two muſt be admitted to be varied two ways, thus. 12 21

And then conſequently, three will make three times as many Changes as two; for there are three times two figures to be produced out of three, and not twice two the ſame figures, which are to be produced by caſting away each of the three figures one after another. Firſt, 123 213 132 312 231 321 caſt away 3, and 1.2 will remain; caſt away 2, and 1.3 will remain; caſt away 1, and 2.3 will remain. So that here are three times two figures produced out of the three, and not twice two the ſame figures, as 12. 13. 23. each two may be varied two ways, as before: then to the changes which each two makes add the third figure which is wanting; as to the two changes made by 1.2 add the 3, to the changes on 1.3 add the 2, and to the changes on 2.3 add the 1, and the three figures will ſtand ſix times together, and not twice alike, as here appeareth.

Four will make four times as many changes as three. 1234 2134 1324 3124 2314 3214 1243 2143 1423 4123 2413 4213 1342 3142 1432 4132 3412 4312 2341 3241 2431 4231 3421 4321 For there are four times three figures to be had out of four, and not twice three the ſame figures, which are to be produced by caſting away each of the four figures by turns. Firſt caſt away 4, and 123 will remain; caſt away 3, and 124 will remain; caſt away 2, and 134 will remain; and laſtly, caſting away 1, and 234 will remain; ſo that here is 123, 124, 134, 234, and not twice three the ſame figures. Now each three may be varied ſix ways, according to the preceding Example. Then to the ſix changes which each three makes, add the fourth figure which is wanting; as to the ſix changes on 123 add the 4, to the ſix changes on 124 add the 3, to the ſix changes on 134 add the 2, and to the ſix changes on 234 add the 1, which renders the changes compleat; for then the four figures ſtand twenty four times together, and not twice alike, as here appears.

Five will make five times as many changes as four; for there are five times four figures to be had out of five, and not twice four the ſame figures, which are to be produced as before, by caſting away each of the five figures by turns. Caſt away 5, and 1234 will remain; caſt away 4, and 1235 will remain; caſt away 3, and 1245 will remain; caſt away 2, and 1345 will remain; caſt away 1, and 2345 will remain. So that here are five times four figures produced, and not twice four the ſame figures. Now each four maybe varied twenty four ways, as in the preceding example; then to the twenty four changes which each four makes, add the fifth figure which is wanting: as to the twenty four changes on 1234, add the 5; to the twenty four changes on 1235, add the 4. to the changes on 1245, add 3. to the changes on 1345, add 2. and to the changes on 2345, add 1. which renders the changes compleat, for then the five figures ſtand ſixſcore times together, and not twice alike.

12345 21345 13245 31245 23145 32145 12435 21435 14235 41235 24135 42135 13425 31425 14325 41325 34125 43125 23415 32415 24315 42315 34215 43215 12354 21354 13254 31254 23154 32154 12534 21534 15234 51234 25134 52134 13524 31524 15324 51324 35124 53124 23514 32514 25314 52314 35214 53214 12453 21453 14253 41253 24153 42153 12543 21543 15243 51243 25143 52143 14523 41523 15423 51423 45123 54123 24513 42513 25413 52413 45213 54213 13452 31452 14352 41352 34152 43152 13542 31542 15342 51342 35142 53142 14532 41532 15432 51432 45132 54132 34512 43512 35412 53412 45312 54312 23451 32451 24351 42351 34251 43251 23541 32541 25341 52341 35241 53241 24531 42531 25431 52431 45231 54231 34521 43521 35421 53421 45321 54321

And in this manner the compleat numbers of changes on ſix, ſeven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, &c. may alſo be demonſtrated.

The numbers of changes will alſo plainly appear by the methods, whereby they are commonly prickt and rung. Now the nature of theſe methods is ſuch, that the changes on one number comprehends the changes on all leſſer numbers, and that ſo regularly, that the compleat number of changes on each leſſer number are made in a moſt exact method within the greater; inſomuch that a compleat Peal of changes on one number ſeemeth to be formed by uniting of the compleat Peals on all leſſer numbers into one entire body; which will manifeſtly appear in the 479001600 changes on twelve: for that Peal comprehends the 39916800 changes on eleven; theſe likewiſe comprehend the 3628800 changes on ten, theſe changes on ten comprehend the 362880 on nine, theſe on nine comprehend the 40320 on eight, theſe on eight comprehend the 5040 on ſeven, theſe likewiſe the 720 on ſix, the 720 alſo comprehend the 120 on five, the 120 comprehend the 24 changes on four, theſe alſo comprehend the ſix changes on three, and the ſix comprehend the two changes on two. Each of theſe Peals (viz.) on eleven, ten, nine, eight, ſeven, ſix, five, four, three, and two, being made in a moſt exact method within the changes on twelve. For Example, two are firſt admitted to be varied two ways, 12 21 thus—

Now the figure 3 being hunted through each of thoſe two changes, will produce the ſix changes on three. The term Hunt, is given to a Bell to expreſs its motion in Ringing, which in figures is after this manner. It muſt lie behind, betwixt, and before the two figures: firſt behind them thus, 1 2 3; then betwixt them, thus, 1 3 2; now before them, thus, 3 1 2: this is called a hunting motion, and here it has hunted through the firſt change of the two, wherein it made three variations, as appears in the figures, ſtanding thus in order. 123 132 312 —

Now it muſt hunt through the other change, which is 2 1, in the ſame manner as before; that is, firſt it muſt lie before, then betwixt the two figures, then behind them, thus, 321, 231, 213. Here it has hunted through again, 123 132 312 321 231 213 wherein it made three more variations; which three being ſet directly under the former, the ſix variations will then plainly appear, as in theſe figures: where the three figures ſtand ſix times together, and not twice alike.

Now the figure 4 being in like manner hunted through each of thoſe ſix changes, will produce the 24 changes on four. Firſt, therefore it muſt hunt through the firſt, which is 123, letter 1234 1243 1423 4123 ; then through the ſecond change of the ſix, which is 132, letter 4132 1432 1342 1324 ; then through the third, which is 312, letter 3124 3142 3412 4312 , and ſo it being hunted through the reſt of the changes likewiſe, will produce the twenty four changes on four.

The figure 5 being hunted through each of thoſe twenty four changes, will produce the 120 changes on five. Firſt therefore it muſt hunt through the firſt, which is 1234, letter 12345 12354 12534 15234 51234 ; then through the ſecond, which is 1243, letter 51243 15243 12543 12453 12435 ; then alſo through the third, which is 1423, letter 14235 14253 14523 15423 51423 . In which manner it being hunted through the reſt of the twenty four changes, will produce the 120 on five. And then the figure 6 being hunted through each of thoſe ſixſcore changes will produce the 720 changes on ſix. And the figure 7 being hunted through each of thoſe 720 changes, will produce the 5040. In which manner alſo the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth, being ſucceſſively hunted through each Peal in the aforeſaid order, will at length produce the compleat number of changes on twelve. Wherein 'tis obſervable, that all the figures, except two, have a hunting motion; which two may properly be term'd the Center, about which the reſt do circulate. By theſe methods it is evident, that every hunting figure hath a certain number of figures aſſigned, through which tis conſtantly to hunt: as in the aforeſaid Example on twelve, where the 1.2 are aſſigned for the figure 3 to hunt through, as appears in the ſix changes before. And in like manner, 123 are aſſigned for the figure 4 to hunt through; 1234 are aſſigned for the figure 5 to hunt through; 12345 for 6 to hunt through, &c. Now the figure 3 hunts as many times through the 1.2. as thoſe two make changes, that is, two times wherein it makes twice three changes, that is, ſix, as before appeareth. The figure 4 hunts as many times through the 123, as thoſe three figures make changes, that is, ſix times; wherein it makes ſix times four changes, which amounts to twenty four. The figure 5 hunteth as many times through the 1234, as thoſe four figures make changes, that is, twenty four times; wherein it makes twenty four times five changes, which amounts to 120. The figure 6 hunts as many times through the 12345, as thoſe five make changes, that is 120 times, wherein it maketh 120 times ſix changes, which amounts to 720. And in like manner the figure 7 hunts 720 times through 123456, wherein it maketh 720 times ſeven changes, which amounts to 5040. The eighth hunteth 5040 times through 1234567, wherein it makes 40320 changes. The 9th hunteth 40320 times through 12345678, wherein it makes 362880 changes. The tenth hunteth 362880 times through 123456789, wherein it makes 3628800. The eleventh hunteth 3628800 times through 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. wherein it makes 39916800. And laſtly, the twelfth hunteth 39916800 times through 1.2.3.4.5. 6.7.8.9.10.11. wherein it makes 39916800 times twelve changes, which amounts to 479001600, being the compleat number on twelve. By which 'tis evident, that every hunting figure hunts as many times through its aſſigned number of figures, as thoſe figures are capable of making changes, which in ſhort comprehends the ſumme and ſubſtance of this method, which is univerſal from two, to all greater numbers whatſoever.

If we conſider the multitude of different words, wherewith we expreſs our ſelves in Speech, it may be thought almoſt impoſſible that ſuch numbers ſhould ariſe out of twenty four Letters; yet this Art of variation will produce much more incredible effects. To give an inſtance thereof, I will ſhew the numbers of every quantity of Letters from two to twelve, that may be produced out of the Alphabet. The generality of Words conſiſting of theſe quantities, (viz.) two letters, three letters, four, five, ſix, ſeven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, and twelve letters. There are 10626 times four letters to be produced out of the twenty four letters of the Alphabet, and not twice four all the ſame Letters. There are likewiſe 42504 times five letters, 134596 times ſix letters, 346104 times ſeven, 735471 times eight, 1307504 times nine, 1961256 times ten, 2496144 times eleven, and 2704156 times twelve. Now each quantity being varied by the rules of this Art, will produce incredible numbers. Firſt the 10626 times four letters, being multiplied by 24, which are the number of ways to vary each four letters, will produce 255024 that is to ſay, four letters may be produced out of the Alphabet to ſtand together after this manner (a b c d) two hundred fifty five thouſand and twenty four times, and not twice alike. And in like manner, the 42504 times five Letters, being multiplied by 120, which are the number of ways to vary each five, will produce 5100480. The 134596 times ſix letters, being alſo multiplied by 720, will produce 96909120. The 346104, being multiplied by 5040, will produce 1564364160. The 735471, being multiplied by 40320, will produce 29554290720. The 1307504, being multiplied by 362880, will produce 474467051520. The 1961256, being mulmultiplied by 3628800, will produce 7117005772800. The 2446144, being multiplied by 39916800, will produce 99728079819200. And laſtly, the 2704156 time twelve letters, being multiplied by 479001600, will produce 1295295050649600, which products being all added together, as alſo 12696 which are the numbers conſiſting of two and three letters, the whole will amount to 1402645824276320, wherein there are not two alike, nor two letters of one ſort in any one of them; which being written or printed on large Paper in folio, allowing 5000 to a ſheet, they would take up 561058329 Reams of Paper and upwards, reckoning 500 ſheets to a Ream: which Paper all the Houſes in the City and Liberties of London would not contain; and in quantity doubtleſs infinitely exceeds all the Books that ever were printed in the world, reckoning only one of each Impreſſion. And at the rate of five ſhillings the Ream, the Paper would coſt 140564582 Pounds ſterling; which is above four times as much as the yearly Rent of all the Lands and Houſes in Englaud amounts to. And all the people both young and old in the City and Suburbs of London (admitting they are five hundred thouſand) could not ſpeak the like numbers of words under forty years and upwards, each of them ſpeaking 15000 every hour, and twelve hours every day. Theſe prodigious numbers are the more to be admired, conſidering that the greateſt number of letters in any of them, exceeds not twelve, neither are two letters of one ſort in any one of them: but by producing and varying all the greater quantities, and placing two or more letters of one ſort, or two of one ſort and two of another, with all variety of the like nature that commonly happens in words, the numbers ariſing thereby would infinitely exceed the former. And if all the numbers of every quantity of letters from one to twenty four, together with all the variety as aforeſaid, were methodically drawn out and varied according to the rules of this Art; which might eaſily be performed in reſpect of the plain and practical method of doing it; but the infinite numbers of them would not permit a Million of men to effect it in ſome thouſands of years: it would be evident, that there is no word or ſyllable in any language or ſpeech in the world, which can be expreſt with the character of our Alphabet, but might be found literatim and entire therein; and more by many thouſands of Millions than can be pronounced, or that ever were yet made uſe of in any language.

I will here give one inſtance of another kind, ſhewing the admirable effects of this Art, and ſo conclude. A man having twenty Horſes, contracts with a Brick-maker to give him one hundred pound Sterling; conditionally that the Brick-maker will deliver him as many Loads of Bricks, as there are ſeveral Teams of ſix Horſes to be produced out of the aforeſaid twenty to fetch them, and not one Team or Sett of ſix Horſes to fetch two Loads. The Brick-maker might be thought to have made a very advantageous bargain, but the contrary will appear. For there are thirty eight thouſand ſeven hundred and ſixty ſeveral Teams of ſix Horſes, to be produced out of twenty, and not twice ſix the ſame Horſes; then the Brick-maker muſt deliver as many Loads as there are Teams, and each Load conſiſting of five hundred Bricks, the whole would amount to 19380000, which being bought for one hundred pounds as aforeſaid, would not coſt above five Farthings a thouſand: and at the rate of thirteen ſhillings and four pence the thouſand, they amount to twelve thouſand nine hundred and twenty pounds Sterling. But ſhould a contract be made with the Brick-maker to deliver as many Loads of Bricks, as there are Teams of ſix Horſes in each, to be produced out of the aforeſaid twenty, which ſhall ſtand in the Cart in a differing manner; that is to ſay, although there may be the ſame Horſes in ſeveral Teams, yet their places ſhall be ſo changed, that they ſhall not ſtand twice alike in any two Teams. On this account the Brick-maker muſt deliver ſeven hundred and twenty times as many as before; for there are 38760 ſeveral Teams as before I have ſhewed: then each Team may be placed 720 ways in the Cart, and not twice alike, which is to be done according to the methods whereby the 720 changes on ſix Bells are rung. So that 38760, which are the number of Teams, multiplied by 720, which are the number of ways to vary the ſix Horſes in each Team, the product will be be 27907200, which are the compleat number of Teams; and every Team carrying one Load, conſiſting of five hundred Bricks, the Whole will amount to 13953600000 Bricks. And after the proportion of a hundred and fifty thouſand of Bricks to a Houſe, they would build ninety three thouſand and twenty four Houſes; which are above ſix times as many as the late dreadful fire in London conſumed. And at the rate of thrteen ſhillings and four pence the thouſand, they are worth 6976800 pounds Sterling, which is at leaſt four hundred Waggon-loads of money, as much as five Horſes can ordinarily draw.

AN INTRODUCTION To the Practice of RINGING.

AS the original deſign of caſting Peals of Bells was in order to make pleaſant Muſick thereon; ſo the Notes in every Peal are formed apt for that end and purpoſe, every Peal of Bells being tun'd according to the principles of Muſick; for in a Peal of ſix Bells are the ſix plain Song-Notes, whereupon all Muſick conſiſts, namely, la ſol fa mi re ut. But in regard that in ringing of them the Notes cannot be had at command, as the Notes of other Inſtruments may; therefore, as the Practitioners in ancient time found ſome neceſſity to cauſe all the Notes to ſtrike ſucceſſively after one another, ſo likewiſe they thought fit in ringing them to place the Notes in this following order. The leaſt note to lead or ſtrike firſt, then the Note which is the next degree deeper or flatter, and ſo the reſt of the notes to ſtrike after each other according to their degrees, the flatteſt ſtriking laſt; in which order the notes were ſucceſſively reiterated both at fore-ſtroke and back-ſtroke, from the beginning to the end of each Peal. And at this day the ſame order is alſo obſerved in raiſing, ceaſing, and ringnig them at a low compaſs; wherein each note being confin'd to ſtrike in a certain place, therefore had they their terms of Firſt, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, &c. given them, to denote their order and places of ſtriking; from whence alſo the Bells derive thoſe terms of diſtinction by which they are now known. Although the ringing of a Peal of Bells in the aforeſaid order, (which is commonly term'd Round-ringing) is in it ſelf Muſical; yet the Notes may be ſo placed in ringing, that their Muſick may be rendred much more pleaſant: for in Muſick there are Concords, which indeed may be term'd the very life and ſoul of it, that renders all Muſick exceeding pleaſant: the principal are Thirds, Fifths, and Eights; Thirds are 1 3. 2 4. and ſuch like: Fifths are 1 5. 2 6. &c. Eights are 1 8. 2 9. 3 10. &c. each Concord conſiſting of two notes. They may well be termed Concords, in reſpect of their agreement and harmony; for the two notes (as if it were by mutual conſent) being ſtruck together at one inſtant, or elſe immediately after one another, affords delightful melody to the ear; in which reſpect, a peal of five Bells are capable of making better Muſick than a peal of four; ſix better than five; and more eſpecially will ten or twelve make more excellent Muſick than any leſſer numbers can poſſibly do, there being greater variety of Concords therein, and eſpecially of Eights. For this Muſical end were changes on Bells firſt practiſed, changes being nothing elſe but a moving and placing of the Notes in ringing, whereby variety of pleaſant Muſick is made; and as the manner of moving the notes, is, for two notes to change places with each other, therefoae are they called Changes. The methods of changes being ſomewhat intricate, I have therefore penn'd the following Treatiſe as a Clue to guide the Practitioner through the Labirinth of them, wherein I have made uſe of figures to repreſent the notes of Bells, the manner thus. In a peal of five Bells there are five ſeveral notes, which with figures are thus expreſt, 1 2 3 4 5: the figure 1 repreſents the leaſt or ſharpeſt note, which is term'd the Firſt, becauſe its place in round ringing is to lead; this note is moſt commonly called the Treble. The figure 2 repreſents the note which is the next degree deeper or flatter, and is term'd the Second, becauſe it ſtrikes in the ſecond place. And in like manner 3 repreſents the note of the third Bell, 4 the note of the fourth Bell, and 5 the note of the Fifth or Tennor. In which manner, the figures in all the following methods do likewiſe repreſent the notes of Bells.

Since the ringing of changes requires the peal of Bells, on which the changes are to be rung, to be firſt raiſed up to a ſet Pull, which compaſs is moſt proper for the ringing of them; therefore the Learners firſt practice muſt be to raiſe a Bell true in peal, to ring it at a low compaſs, and alſo to ceaſe it true in peal, wherein conſiſts the chief grounds of this Art, which depends on the Ear, and therefore much judgment is required therein. And to ſpeak the truth, moſt practitioners are in theſe days ſomewhat deficient herein; the ringing of changes having generally diverted the Learners fancy from the practice of raiſing, round-ringing, and ceaſing, by which means we have in a manner loſt one Excellency in the purſuit of another. Therefore I could wiſh that the Practitioners of this Art would ſet a greater eſteem on true Ringing in general, ſince the only excellency as well in the ringing of Changes as Rounds, depends thereon: the keeping of time being as eſſential to render all kinds of ringing pleaſant to the ear, as 'tis to render any other kind of Muſick; therefore the practitioner ought to have a Muſical eare, and to have ſome judgment in beating time, without which he can never ring his Bell true in its place. A proſpect of true ringing at any certain compaſs under the Sett, may thus be taken; for Inſtance, in ringing a peal of 5 Bells; from the fore-ſtroke of every note to the next fore-ſtroke of the ſame note, there ought to be eleven punctums or Beats of time, which are all ſuppoſed to ſtand at Aequidiſtances: now in ten of theſe punctums, the five notes ought exactly to ſtrike at the fore-ſtroke and back-ſtroke, and the eleventh ſtands as a Cypher to guide the Treble-note at fore-ſtroke to a double proportion of time from the Tennor-note at back-ſtroke: which blank punctum muſt alſo be beaten in the ſame place by every note, to render its fore-ſtroke anſwerable to that of the Treble. For example; the third note having ſtruck at fore-ſtroke, it muſt beat eleven punctums of equidiſtance unto its ſtriking there again. The firſt punctum is that of the 4th note, the ſecond 5, the third 1, the fourth 2, the fifth 3, the ſixth 4, the ſeventh 5, the eighth 0, the ninth 1, the tenth 2, the eleventh its own place of ſtriking again at fore-ſtroke. Theſe punctums or Beats of time, muſt be proportioned either wider or cloſer, according to the compaſs of the Treble: therefore firſt the Treble muſt fix its compaſs certain and true at fore-ſtroke, which ought to be proportionate to what the number of the notes, and compaſs of the peal of Bells, may according to judgment permit; and then from one fore-ſtroke of it to the next, if there are five notes; there ought to be eleven punctums of equidiſtance aſſigned, wherein the notes ſhould exactly ſtrike (except the blank) as before. From hence 'tis, that the moſt judicrous Ringer ought to be put to the Treble; for that bell cannot poſſibly be rung true by any other means than by beating of its own time; and although the exactneſs of true ringing requires the like in every note, when once the compaſs is fixed, yet the leading note being rung true, may be a guide to the reſt of the notes, which may tolerably take their meaſures of time from the Treble-note: but for every note to take its meaſure of time ſolely from the next preceding note, muſt needs be very erronious; for thereby they implicitely lead one another out of the way. Or elſe in the ringing of five bells, from the fore-ſtroke of every note to the next fore-ſtroke of the ſame note, there may be one and twenty punctums or beats of time aſſigned, to ſtand at equidiſtances; and the five notes, as they follow one another, at the foreſtroke and back-ſtroke to ſtrike in every ſecond punctum, except the Treble-note at foreſtroke, which muſt ſtrike in the third punctum from the Tenor at back-ſtroke; ſo that then there will be two of thoſe ſpaces betwixt every note, and three betwixt the note of the Tenor at back-ſtroke and the note of the Treble at fore-ſtroke, which poſſibly by ſome may be held a better compaſs than the former: but quot homines tot ſententiae. Every Practitioner, that has judgment to beat his own time, has the advantage of ringing his bell true, whilſt the reſt of the notes commit faults: for the compaſs being once fixed, as many bells as do either riſe or fall from thence commit errors.

The trueſt way of raiſing a peal of bells according to the beſt of modern practice, is, as quick as may be; every Ringer taking aſſiſtance to raiſe his bell, according as the going of it requires. In raiſing of them, the leſſer bells, as the Treble &c. ought at the firſt pull to be ſwayed very deep, and held down in the ſway by ſtrength of armes as much as may be, to delay the time of their firſt ſtriking, by which means the bigger bells, which carry a large compaſs, may have ſpace to come in; and the raiſing of the ſmaller bells to be continued with a ſtrong pull, giving them ſcope over head (for the aforeſaid reaſon) untill they come up Frame-high, or thereabouts, and then the pull to be ſlacken'd, and the bells leiſurely to be raiſed to the intended height or pitch. The bigger bells of the peal, as the Tenor &c. muſt in their firſt raiſing be checkt or pinch'd over head, by which means the notes of all the bells may be made to ſtrike round in their due place and order from the beginning; and obſerve, that at the firſt pull all the bells muſt follow one another as cloſe as may be. A peal of bells may thus be ceaſed: the falling of the bells from a Sett-pull muſt gradually be done, by checking them only at Sally, until the low compaſs renders the Sally uſeleſs; and when they are ceaſed ſo low, that they ſcarce ſtrike at back-ſtroke for want of compaſs: then he that rings the Treble, may give notice (by ſtamping on the ground) that the next time the bells come to ſtrike at the fore-ſtroke, they may be checkt down ſo low as to ceaſe their ſtriking at the back-ſtroke, yet their ſtriking round at the fore-ſtroke may be continued, until they are brought into a chime, which is a grateful concluſion of a peal.

In raiſing of a peal of bells, all the notes ought to ſtrike round at one pull: but miſtake me not, I do not mean at the firſt pull; for at ſmall bells 'tis uſual to ſway them all round at the firſt pull without ſtriking; at the ſecond pull to ſtrike them at the fore-ſtroke, and at the third pull at back-ſtroke. In raiſing of a peal of more weighty bells, 'tis uſual to ſtrike them double at the fourth pull, becauſe the extraordinary weight and large compaſs of the hind-bells permits it not to be done ſooner. In the firſt raiſing of a peal of bells, one bell ought not to ſtrike before the reſt, or to miſs ſtriking when the reſt go round: neither ought any bell in ceaſing to ſtrike after the reſt, or to leave ſtriking before the reſt; all which, according to the ſtrictneſs of true ringing, are accounted great faults.

The peal of bells on which the changes are to be rung, muſt firſt be raiſed up to a Settpull, which compaſs is moſt proper for the ringing of changes; for then the notes of the bells may be had at command. Therefore before the young Practitioner can be capable of ringing changes, he muſt be extraordinary well skill'd in the managing of a bell at a Settpull, which is abſolutely requiſite, for this reaſon: In the ringing of changes, his mind will be ſo buſied and wholly taken up with the conſideration of the courſe and method of them, and his eye continually wandring about to direct his pull in the following of the other bells; that unleſs he has extraordinary skill in the managing of his own bell, and can ſet it in a manner hood-winkt, he will be apt either to drop or overturn it; or elſe on the other hand, for want of skill, his eye and mind will be ſo fixed on his own rope and bell to guide the managing of it, that he cannot at the ſame time mind the courſe of the changes, and then no wonder if he is in a wood, which conſequently follows; and indeed hence partly 'tis, that the Learners in their firſt practice do oftentimes toil and moil themſelves to ſo little purpoſe. Therefore 'tis not enough that the young Practitioner can ſet a bell it may be half a ſcore times together, when 'tis an even wager that he either drops or overturns it in thoſe ten pulls: but he muſt be ſo perfectly skill'd, as that he might adventure to lay ten to one, that he can ſet it thirty or forty times together, both fore-ſtroke and back-ſtroke, without dropping or overturning it, and without looking directly either on his hands or rope whilſt he ſets it. Therefore in his practice of ſetting a bell, he may caſt his eye about on the other bell-ropes whilſt he manageth his bell, whereby he may accuſtom himſelf to manage it as the ringing of changes requires.

The ringing of changes is performed, partly by the ear, and partly by the eye; the ear informs when to make a change, the eye directs the pull in the making of it; but then again the ear guides the ſtriking of the note true in its place according to time. So that the ear and eye have each of them its proper object in the ringing of changes, and therefore ought at the ſame time to be abſolutely free from all others whatſoever, the notes of the bells being the object of the ear, and the bell-ropes the object of the eye. Now theſe two Senſes in the time of ringing do each of them thus perform its office. Firſt, the ear, as a Sentinel, diſcovers the near approaching change, and alſo the place wherein his note lies, that is, whether before or behind the note wherewith 'tis to make a change, and gives preſent information to the eye, to perform its part accordingly in the making of it; but then again the eye refers it to the ear, to place the note true in ſtriking. But queſtionleſs (by the bie) the trueſt ringing of changes is to be performed only by the ear; but then the Practitioners muſt be capable to judg of time, and to beat it true, which muſt be the only direction to guide their pull; and then it muſt be performed at a peal of bells that may be managed with eaſe: and being ſo fitted in all reſpects, the changes may doubtleſs be rung more true, with greater pleaſure to the Practitioners, and much more free from miſtakes and forgets, only by the ear, than by making uſe of the eye to direct their pull. But in regard that either the ill going of the bells, or want of fit accompliſhments in the practitioners, may render it unfit for common practice; therefore the ſureſt way is to ring both by the eye and ear, as I ſaid before. Now to render the eye and ear rightly uſeful in the ringing of changes, five things ought by the young Practitioner to be well underſtood. Firſt, he muſt be able to diſtinguiſh the notes of a peal of bells, and to know one from another in the time of ringing. Secondly, he muſt apprehend the places of the notes. Thirdly, the precedency of notes. Fourthly, the manner of making a change in ringing. Fifthly, a general proſpect of the manner of putting the four preceding notions into practice.

Obſervation 1. The Learner muſt be able to diſtinguiſh the notes of a peal of bells one from another, and to know them aſunder; as the Treble-note from the Second, the Second from the Third, &c. which, tis true, may readily be done in round ringing, becauſe each note may be known by the place wherein it conſtantly ſtrikes; but in ringing of changes it is more difficult. For admitting that ſix bells ſhould ſtrike in this order, 5.3.6.1.4.2. it might puzzle an unskilful ear to judg which is the Treble, or which the Second note, eſpecially whilſt any other note ſtrikes betwixt them: and the like difficulty might happen in dinguiſhing the reſt of the notes, as the 2d from the 3d, &c. To remove this difficulty, he muſt endeavour to acquire ſome skill in tuning the notes of a peal of bells with his voice, which he may do by imitatieg the notes of the bells when he hears them ring: or elſe any perſon that has skill in ſinging, will preſently direct him therein, and alſo how to take the true pitch of any notes with his voice, which will be the only means to diſtinguiſh them aſunder.

diagram

The notes being imagined to ſtrike in a row as aforeſaid, their places will then ſoon be underſtood. The notes do take their places according to their ſucceſſive order of ſtriking both at fore-ſtroke and back-ſtroke; each ſucceeding note taking its place next to that which preceds it: for whatſoever bell leads either at fore-ſtroke or at back-ſtroke, its note lieth in the firſt place of the ſuppoſed row of notes; and that which ſtrikes next after the leading note, its note lieth in the ſecond place of the ſuppoſed row of notes, and ſo the reſt in the like order. As if five bells ſhould ſtrike thus after one another either of fore-ſtroke or back-ſtroke, 5 4 1 2 3. here the 5th lieth in the firſt place, becauſe it was firſt ſtruck; the 4th in the ſecond place, becauſe it was ſecond ſtruck; the Treble in the third place, becauſe it was third ſtruck; the 2d in the fourth place, becauſe it was fourth ſtruck; and the 3d in the laſt place, becauſe it was laſt ſtruck; and the like of the notes in every change.

Obſerv. 3. The next thing to be underſtood by the Learner, is the precedency of the notes. Now whereas in the ringing of changes, the notes do all ſtrike after one another at the fore-ſtroke, and again at the backſtroke, therefore are they ſaid to lie before or behind each other, according to their places of ſtriking. As if five men were ſtanding in a row, as theſe five figures repreſent, 1 2 3 4 5, the firſt man to ſtand at the fig. 1, the ſecond man at the figure 2, &c. and that they ſtand with their faces all one way, that is, the firſt man ready to lead, and the reſt to follow him one behind another. Now the firſt man ſtands before the reſt, and the fifth man behind the reſt; the ſecond man ſtands behind the firſt man, but before the third; the third man ſtands behind the ſecond, but before the fourth; and the fourth ſtands behind the third, but before the fifth. In which manner the notes being ſuppoſed to ſtrike in the like row, may alſo be ſaid to lie before or behind each other as the men did. For whatſoever note leads either at fore-ſtroke or back-ſtroke, is ſaid to lie before the reſt; and that which ſtrikes laſt, to ſtrike behind the reſt. The note which lieth in the ſecond place, as on the one hand it lieth behind the leading note, ſo on the other hand it lieth before the note in the third place. As the note in the third place lieth behind the note in the ſecond place, ſo it lieth before the note in the fourth place. And in like manner, every note is ſaid to lie behind thoſe that ſtrike before it, and before thoſe that ſtrike after it.

Obſerv. 4. A Change is to be made betwixt two notes, by moving them into each others places; wherein 'tis to be obſerved as a general Rule, That every change muſt be made betwixt two notes that ſtrike next to each other. As if five bells were ringing round in this order, 1 2 3 4 5, the 1 and 2 may make a change, or 2 and 3, or likewiſe 3 and 4, or 4 and 5, becauſe each two lie next each other; but the 1 and 3 cannot, becauſe 2 ſtrikes between them, much leſs may 1 and 4, &c. The two notes which make every change, moves into each others places in the making of it; wherein one note is ſaid to move up, and the other down. The reaſon why one of them is ſaid to move up, is, becauſe he that rings that bell, in the making of the change muſt hold it up at the Sett a little longer than ordinary, to delay its ſtriking, whereby 'tis made to follow the other note which before it preceded; and becauſe 'tis ſo held up, therefore 'tis ſaid to make an Ʋp-change, or to move up: and on the contrary, the reaſon why the other note is ſaid to move down, is, becauſe he that rings it, pulls down the bell a little ſooner than ordinary, to make it ſtrike before the note which before it followed; and becauſe 'tis ſo pulled down, therefore it is ſaid to make a Downchange, or to move down. I will here give a ſhort though certain rule to know when an Up-change or a Down-change is to be made: whenſoever any note moves to ſtrike behind the note wherewith it makes a change, it makes an up-change in doing it; and whenſoever it moves to ſtrike before the note, which 'tis to make a change with, it makes a down-change in doing it: ſo that every note which moves fromward the leading-note, makes an up-change; and when it moves toward the leading-note, it makes a downchange. I will here ſhew the manner of making a change: admitting that a peal of five bells were raiſed to a ſett-pull, which is the uſual compaſs for ringing of changes; the notes are firſt ſuppoſed to ſtrike in this order, 1 2 3 4 5. Now a change may be made betwixt any two notes that ſtrike next each other; I will here make it betwixt the 3d. and 4th. which is to be done by moving them into each others places. Now 'tis obſervable, that before the making of the change, the 3d. note lies before the 4th. that is, it ſtrikes next before the 4th; and the 4th. lies behind the 3d. that is, it ſtrikes behind it: now in the making of the change, the 3d. muſt move to ſtrike behind the 4th: wherein it makes an up-change; and the 4th. note at the ſame time muſt move to ſtrike before the 3d. wherein it makes a down-change; the change being made, the bells will ſtrike thus, 1 2 4 3 5. All changes whatſoever are made in the aforeſaid manner: for as the 3d note made an up-change in moving to ſtrike behind the 4th, and the 4th at the ſame time a down-change in moving to ſtrike before the 3d; ſo in like manner the two notes that make every change, muſt in the making of it move the one up, and the other down, as the 3d and 4th here has done. The Learner may take notice, that in ringing termes 'tis not uſual to ſay, that a bell makes an up-change, or a down-change; but in ſhort, that it moves up or down, which implies the former. When a note makes an up-change, 'tis then ſaid to move over the other note; and when it makes a down-change, to move under it: as in the next preceding example, where the 3d note is ſaid to move up over the 4th, and the 4th down under the 3d, in which manner the terms over and under are given to the two notes that make every change.

Obſerv. 5. In the time of ringing changes, two things are by the Practitioners to be well conſidered. Firſt, to obſerve and readily to know, which two bells are always to make the next ſucceeding change: Secondly, if he is concern'd therein, to conſider what bell he is to follow in the making of it. Upon a right knowledge of theſe two things, depends the Practick part of this Art. To make him expert herein, he muſt before hand perfectly underſtand, and readily remember the courſe and method of the changes prickt with figures, wherein he ought to be ſo well skill'd, as to be able to prick them down divers ways, that is, to make any figure a Hunt at pleaſure; which when he can readily and ſpeedily do, without pauſing to conſider of the courſe, then 'tis preſumed that he underſtands the methods throughly. But yet he will not be capable to put them in practice, untill he underſtands the manner of making a change in ringing; neither can he underſtand that, until he underſtands the precedency of the notes; nor the precedency, until he underſtands the places; nor the places, until he knows the notes one from another. Therefore the four preceding obſervations being firſt perfectly underſtood, and alſo the methods of the changes as before; the Practitioner may then ſucceſsfully proceed in the ringing of changes; and as a further help therein I will here inſtruct him. There are three bells concern'd in the making of every ſingle change, except only when 'tis made behind, and then but two: whenſoever the note of his bell is to make a change with any other note, his ear muſt then inform him whether it lies before or behind the other note; if it lies before, then in making the change it muſt move up behind it, that is, to follow it; and conſequently, he muſt draw down his bell next after that which he makes a change with, which is called an up-change, as I ſaid before. But if the note of his bell lies behind the other, then in making of the change it muſt move down to ſtrike before it, and conſequently he muſt draw down his bell next after that which the other before followed, this being a down-change. So that the making of an up-change is very eaſie, becauſe he muſt always follow that bell which he makes a change with; but a down-change is more difficult, becauſe he cannot ſo readily apprehend what bell he is to follow; yet there is a certain rule for it, which is this: to obſerve beforehand what note ſtrikes the next but one before his, which bell he muſt follow in the making of the change. Whenſoever the two notes, which ſtrike next before his note, are to make a change; he muſt conſider, that notwithſtanding his note is to lie ſtill in its place, yet he is concern'd therein, becauſe the bell which he followed before the making of the change, muſt in the making of it move away down, and therefore he muſt follow the bell that comes into its place.

The changes are to be rung, either by walking them, as the term is; or elſe Wholepulls, or Half-pulls. By walking them, is meant, that the bells go round four, ſix, eight times or more in one change; which way is very proper for young Practitioners, to introduce them into a more ready way of Practice; for whilſt the bells go round divers times in one change, they have in the mean time leiſure to conſider which two bells are to make the next following change, and alſo what bell each of them is to follow in the making of it; and ſo by diligence in practice they will by degrees acquire a more ready skill to enable them to ring at whole-pulls. Whole-pulls, is, when the bells go round at the fore-ſtroke and back-ſtroke in a change; and every time they are pull'd down at Sally, a new change is made. Whole-pulls was the general practice in former times; and indeed, conſidering the manner of the hanging of the bells in thoſe days, they could not well be rung at half-pulls: but ſince the improvement of the Art of Bell-hanging, that is, with round Wheels, truſſing them up in the Stock, and placing the Roll at right Angles with the Sole of the Wheel; the bells go much better, and are managed with more eaſe at a Sett-pull than formerly: therefore the changes are now generally rung at half-pulls, that is, at the fore-ſtroke one change, at the backſtroke another, and ſo throughout.

In ringing half-pulls, ſome peals of changes will cut compaſs, wherein the whole Hunt comes always to lead at the backſtroke; to prevent which, make the firſt change of the peal at the back-ſtroke. In plain and ſingle changes on ſix bells, to hunt (that is, whole Hunt) the Treble, third, or fifth, down at the beginning of a peal cuts compaſs, unleſs prevented as before. Alſo to hunt the ſecond, fourth, or ſixth up at the beginning of a peal, cuts compaſs, unleſs prevented as before. Which rules, leaving out the Tenor, ſerves in like manner to prevent cutting compaſs on five bells.

'Tis convenient in ringing, to give notice of the extream changes, and he that rings the ſloweſt Hunt, may beſt do it. The manner of it is, to ſay Extream, when the leading bell is pulling down, in order to make the change next before the extream; by which means there will be one compleat change betwixt the warning and the extream: longer warning would be too much, and ſhorter too little.

THE divers kinds of changes on Bells may be comprehended under two heads, viz. Plain Changes, and Croſs Peals, which terms are comparatively given: for as the firſt are plain and eaſie only in compariſon to the methods of the ſecond; ſo conſequently the ſecond croſs and intricate in compariſon to the methods of the firſt. I will firſt ſhew in what reſpect they differ, and then proceed to the methods. Plain changes (I mean compleat peals) are ſuch as have one univerſal method, wherein all the notes except three have a direct hunting courſe, moving gradually under each other in one plain and uniform order. But the methods of croſs peals are various, each peal having a courſe differing from all others: and although moſt of them have Hunts, yet the Hunts have different kinds of motions, and ſome very intricate. Moreover plain changes are alſo term'd Single changes, becauſe in the ringing of them there is only a ſingle change made in the ſtriking of all the notes once round either at fore-ſtroke or backſtroke; whereas in croſs changes 'tis uſual to make as many changes as the number of notes will permit. For example, ſuppoſing that a peal of 5 bells were raiſed, and rung at a Settpull; the notes are ſuppoſed to ſtrike round in this order, 12345: now any two of the notes that ſtrike next together may make a change, therefore either a ſingle or a double change may be made at pleaſure. The ſingle change is made by changing only two notes; the double change is made by changing four notes, that is, two to make one change and two another, yet 'tis called one double change, and not two changes, in regard 'tis made in the ſtriking of the five notes of the bells once round: as, admit the treble, ſecond, third, and fourth, ſhould make a change, 'tis thus to be done, 21435, where the Treble and Second made one change, and 3, 4 another; which we will imagine ſo be made at the fore-ſtroke of the bells, and therefore 'tis called one double change, and not two changes, becauſe 'tis entirely made in the ſtriking of the five notes once round. So that this one double change has effected that which would have required two ſingle changes to have done the like. For inſtance, there can but two notes change their places at once in a ſingle change, therefore the Treble and Second ſhall firſt change their places thus, 21345; then the third and fourth thus, 21435: ſo that here the five notes have gone twice round to effect that, which in the double change was done in going once round. And this is the nature of the difference between Plain and Croſs changes.

As the Learner ought to proceed regularly in his practice, beginning firſt with the plaineſt and eaſieſt methods. I will therefore obſerve that order, and firſt ſhew the courſe and methods of Plain changes.

The Changes on two Bells.

Two bells are capable to make only two changes, which is to be done by changing the notes twice, as in theſe figures.—

12 — 21 12

The Changes on three Bells.

There are ſix changes on three bells; which are made by this rule: the two firſt and two laſt notes muſt be changed by turns.

123 Firſt the two firſt notes, which are 12 thus. 213 The two laſt, which are 13, thus. 231 The two firſt 321 The two laſt 312 The two firſt 132 The two laſt 123 In theſe ſix changes 'tis obſervable, that the two firſt notes, which were 12, made the firſt change of the ſix; but they may as well be rung by beginning with the two laſt notes, which are 2, 3 thus 132 Next the two firſt notes, which are 13, thus, 312 The two laſt 321 The two firſt 231 The two laſt 213 The two firſt 123

The ſix changes can be rung no more than theſe two ways here ſet down.

The Six changes are ſometimes rung by obſerving a hunt therein, which is very improper, ſince every note has a like courſe. Yet I confeſs in demonſtrating the methods on twelve, I did there admit a Hunt into the ſix changes; but that was only for demonſtration ſake.

The compleat peals of plain changes, from three to all greater numbers whatſoever, as the Twenty four changes on four, the Sixſcore on five, the Seven hundred and twenty on ſix, &c. are prickt and rung by one method; all the notes having a hunting-motion, except only three in each peal, which three do make the ſix changes in the ſame manner as they are before prickt. So that the Six changes on three may be term'd the baſis or foundation of the compleat peals on all greater numbers.

Every Hunting note in each peal has a certain number of notes aſſigned, through which 'tis always to hunt. The term hunt is given to a note in reſpect of the manner of its motion, which I will ſhew in this example. Firſt, the notes of four bells are ſuppoſed to ſtrike round in this order, 1234. The Treble ſhall be the Hunt, and the other three aſſigned or appointed for it to hunt through. Now whereas the Treble-note leads, it muſt move through its aſſigned number to ſtrike behind them: and whereas every change muſt be made betwixt two notes that ſtrike next each other, as I have ſhewed before in the 4th Obſervation; therefore the hunting-note is confin'd to move gradually through the reſt by making a change with each note that ſtrikes next to it; and accordingly it muſt firſt move into the 2d place, next into the 3d place, and laſtly into the 4th. So that 'tis to make a change with every note that lies behindit; firſt with the 2d note, next with the 3d, and laſtly with the 4th. 1234 The firſt change is thus 2134 The ſecond thus 2314 The third thus 2341

The hunting note has here moved through its aſſigned number; for whereas at firſt it did lead, now it ſtrikes behind them. Wherein 'tis obſervable, that it made up changes all the way; which of neceſſity it muſt do, becauſe every note with which it was to make a change, lay behind it: and becauſe it made up changes, therefore tis ſaid to have hunted up. The hunting-note ſhall now move through its aſſigned number again, to lead as at firſt. Therefore firſt it muſt move into the 3d place, then into the ſecond place, and laſtly into the firſt place, which is called the Treble's place; in which motion it muſt make a change with each note that ſtrikes next before it: firſt with the 4th note, next with the 3d, then with the 2d. The firſt change thus 2314 The ſecond thus 2134 The third thus 1234

'Tis obſervable, that here the Treble made down-changes all the way, which of neceſſity it muſt do, becauſe every note with which it was to make a change, lay before it: and becauſe it made down-changes, therefore it is ſaid to have hunted down. This is the manner of the motion of the hunting notes in all peals of plain changes; for they hunt up and down through their aſſigned number, as the 1 here has done. This example is plain and full to inſtruct the Learner in the hunting of any bell, therefore he ought to peruſe it diligently, that he may underſtand the true ſcope and meaning of it; and as a help he may apply himſelf to practice by taking a Treble, and attempt to hunt it up and down as this Example directs; which he may the more readily do, if he underſtand the 5th Obſervation before ſet down, which guides him to make a change in ringing. So that partly by reading and well conſidering of what I have here wrote, and partly by practice, he may in a ſhort time become perfect in the hunting motion of any note; which when he rightly apprehends, he will then preſently be capable of underſtanding the following methods; and therefore I ſhall be the more brief in my directions to them.

The Changes on four Bells.

Twenty four changes may be rung upon four bells: 1234 but the Learner may firſt practice the twelve changes, and the eighteen changes. In the twelve changes the notes are all to be hunted up after one another, which may be called the Twelve all over. Firſt the treble-note muſt be hunted up, letter 2134 2314 2341 ; then the ſecond note muſt likewiſe hunt up, letter 3241 3421 3412 ; next the third note muſt hunt up, letter 4312 4132 4123 ; and laſtly the 4th note alſo, letter 1423 1243 1234 .

The four notes may alſo hunt down one after another. Firſt, the 4th note muſt hunt down to lead: then the 3d note likewiſe, and ſo the 2d and Treble one after another, which may be term'd the Twelve all under.

Courteous Reader, in my directions to the courſe of each peal, I do there refer by letters to the examples; which I am forced to do, to prevent thoſe confuſed breaks, and unhandſome ſpaces, which otherwiſe would have happen'd both in examples and precepts. Whatever letter I mention in my directions, refers to the like at the figures. For inſtance; in my directions to the twelve changes next before, I there directed the treble-note to be firſt hunted up, letter 2134 2314 2341 ; which letter refers to the the like letter at the firſt three changes of the twelve, where the Treble hunted up, as 'tis here again repreſented, and the like of the reſt.

In the Eighteen changes, the Treble is a hunting note, but never hunts up farther than the 3d place; and when it lies there, 1234 the two firſt notes muſt make a change; and every time it leads, the two hindmoſt notes. Firſt it hunts up into the 3d place, letter 2134 2314 ; the two firſt notes, which are 2. 3, make a change, letter 3214; the Treble hunts down 3121 1324 . The two hindmoſt notes make a change 1342, the Treble hunts up 3142 3412 . The two firſt notes, which are 3.4, make a change 4312; the Treble hunts down 4132 1432 ; the two laſt notes, which are 3.2, make a change 1423, 4123 4213 2413 2143 1243 1234 which method being continued, will bring the bells round at the end of eighteen changes. The Eighteen changes may alſo be rung by hunting the 4th note down into the 2d place, and then a change to be made behind: the 4th note to be hunted up again into its own place, and then a change to be made before, which courſe being continued, will produce Eighteen changes.

The Six changes on three are the ground of the Twenty four changes on four; for one of the four notes hath a conſtant hunting motion through the other three, in the ſame manner as in the preceding Example, pag. 50. and the three notes are to make the ſix changes in the ſame manner as I have before ſhewed in the changes on three bells; one of the ſix changes being always made every time the hunt lies either before or behind the three bells: therefore if the Learner do but rightly apprehend the courſe of the ſix changes, and alſo the manner of the motion of the hunting note, he will preſently underſtand the method of the twenty four changes. The ſix changes in the twenty four, according to the terms of ringing are called Extream changes, and the three bells which makes them, Extream bells. So that in the twenty four changes, there is a hunt and three extream bells. Every time the hunt lies either before or behind the extream bells, an extream change muſt then be made. The extream changes may be made two ways, viz. either betwixt the two fartheſt extream bells from the hunt, or elſe betwixt the two neareſt extream bells to it. 1234 In this Example every extream change ſhall be made betwixt the two fartheſt extream bells from the hunt, and the treble ſhall be the hunting note, which muſt firſt hunt up 2134 2314 2341 ; then the two fartheſt notes from the hunt, which are 2.3, muſt make an extream change 3241. The Treble muſt hunt down 3214 3124 1324 . The two fartheſt notes from the hunt, which are 2.4, muſt make an extream change 1342. The treble muſt hunt up 3142 3412 3421 ; the two fartheſt notes from the hunt, which are 3.4, muſt make an extream change 4321. The treble-note muſt hunt down 4312 4132 1432 . The two fartheſt extream bells from the hunt, which are 3.2, muſt make an extream change 1423. The treble muſt hunt up 4123 4213 4231 . The two fartheſt notes from the hunt, which are 4.2, muſt make an extream change 2431. The treble muſt hunt down 2413 2143 1243 . The two fartheſt extream bells, which are 4.3, muſt make an extream change 1234, which concludes the peal. Now the Learner for his ſatisfaction may take out the extream changes in the ſame order as they were made, as firſt at 3241, then 1342, and ſo 4321. 1423. 2431. 1234. and they will ſtand as they are here ſet down; 3241 1342 4321 1423 2431 1234 where 'tis evident, that 2.3.4 have made the ſix changes according to the method of the firſt ſix changes on three bells, before ſet down, (pag. 48.) where the firſt change of that ſix was 213, and this being 324, is the ſame in courſe though the figures differ, and the reſt of the changes in this ſix, are likewiſe the ſame in courſe and method with thoſe.

In the preceding twenty four changes, every extream change was made betwixt the two furtheſt extream bells from the hunt. I will therefore here ſet down an example, where they ſhall be made between the two neareſt bells to it. Firſt, 1234 the treble hunts up 2134 2314 2341 . The two next notes to the hunt, which are 3.4, muſt make an extream change 2431. The Treble muſt hunt down 2413 2143 1243 . The two neareſt notes to the hunt, which are 2.4, muſt make an extream change 1423. The Treble hunts up 4123 4213 4231 . The two neareſt extream bells to the hunt, which are 2.3, muſt make an extream change 4321. The Treble hunts down 4312 4132 1432 . The two next extream bells to the hunt, which are 4.3, muſt make a change 1342. And the like extream changes being made as at 3241 and 1234, 3142 3412 3421 concludes the peal.

The ſix extream changes, viz. ( 2431. 1423. 4321. 1342. 3241. and 1234.) being ſet down by themſelves, 3214 3124 1324 will ſtand in this order, as here you ſee; where 'tis plain, that 2 3 4 have made the ſix changes, according to the method of the laſt ſix changes on three bells, pag. 49. 2431 1423 4321 1342 3241 1234 where the firſt change of that ſix is made between the laſt two notes thus, 1 3 2. So in like manner is the firſt here thus, 243, which is the ſame method with that, though not the ſame figures.

So that the making of the extream changes two ways in the twenty four, proceeds from the two ways of making the ſix changes on three bells. This laſt way of making the extream changes, may, for diſtinction from the other way, be called mediums; which term is very proper, in regard that the two middlemoſt of the four notes do always make the extream change. The extream changes in one peal muſt all be made alike, that is, either betwixt the two fartheſt notes from the hunt, or elſe betwixt the two neareſt notes to it; but the moſt uſual way is to make them between the two fartheſt.

Any note may be made a hunt at pleaſure, and its firſt motion at the beginning of the peal may be either up or down. The twenty four changes may be rung ſixteen ways according to the aforeſaid method, yet the changes in each are ſtill one and the ſame; but by making each note a hunt, and moving it either up or down at the beginning, 2d. down. 3d. up 4. up. 1234 1234 1234 3134 1243 2134 2143 2143 2143 1243 2134 2413 1423 2314 4213 1432 3214 4231 4132 3241 2431 4123 2341 2341 4213 2431 2314 2413 2413 3214 2431 4213 3241 4231 4231 3421 4321 4321 4321 4312 3421 4312 3412 3412 3412 3421 4312 3142 3241 4132 3124 2341 4123 1324 2314 1423 1342 3214 1432 1432 3124 1342 4132 3142 3142 4123 1342 3124 1423 1324 1324 1243 1234 1234 1234

and alſo by making the extream changes two ways, the courſe of the changes will be ſo altered, that the ſame changes ſhall not come all along together in any two of thoſe ſixteen ways. With the hunting of one note it may be rung four ways; for the note may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal; then in its motion either way the extream changes may be made two ways, as before: ſo that to make each note a hunt, and with each hunt to ring it four ways makes ſixteen in the whole. Wherein 'tis obſervable, that the treblenote cannot be moved down at firſt, nor the 4th up; therefore an extream change muſt firſt be made, which is as effectual as if either note had moved at firſt. I have here prickt the twenty four changes three ways, wherein the extream changes are all made betwixt the two fartheſt notes from the hunt.

The Changes on five Bells.

There are ſixſcore changes to be rung on five bells; but the Learner may firſt practiſe ſome ſhorter peals, as the Ten changes, the twelve, the Fourteen, the Twenty all over, the Twenty with one hunt, and the Forty eight.

In the Ten changes the treble muſt firſt hunt up 21345 23145 23415 23451 ; 12345 the 2.3 muſt make a change 32451. The treble muſt hunt down again 32415 32145 31245 13245 ; the 3.2 muſt make another change 12345. The ten changes may alſo be rung by hunting down the 5 to lead; then 3.4 to make a change; the 5 to be hunted up again, and the 4. 3 to make another change.

In the Twelve changes the treble hunts up into the third place, 12345 then the two firſt notes make a change; the treble hunts down again, then the two hindmoſt notes make a change. Firſt the treble hunts into the 3d place 21345 23145 ; the two firſt notes 2.3 make a change 32145. The treble hunts down 31245 13245 ; the two laſt notes make a change 13254; the treble hunts up 31254 32154 ; the two firſt notes make a change 23154; the treble hunts down 21354 12354 ; the two laſt notes make another change 12345.

In the Fourteen changes, the treble firſt hunts up behind; then the 5 hunts down to lead; the treble then hunts down again into its own place; and the fifth alſo hunts up into its own place.

The Twenty all over are rung in the ſame manner as the Twelve all over upon four bells, to which I refer.

In the Twenty changes with one hunt, the hunting note continually hunts up and down through the other notes, and every time it lies either before or behind them, an extream change muſt be made betwixt the two fartheſt notes from it. 12345 The treble ſhall be the hunt, and firſt hunteth up 21345 23145 23415 23451 . An extream change is made 32451; the treble hunts down 32415 32145 31245 13245 ; an extream change is made 13254; which courſe muſt be continued to the end. The extream changes may alſo be made betwixt the two next notes to the hunt. Any note may be made a hunt at pleaſure, yet ſtill obſerving to make the extreams as before.

In the forty eight changes, 12345 the 5th and 4th are both hunts, and 1 2 3 do make the ſix changes; the 5.4 do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, then one of the ſix changes is made. Firſt the 5 hunts down 12354 12534 ; one of the ſix changes is made 15234 51234 52134 ; the 5 hunts up into its own place 25134 21534 21354 21345 ; the 4 hunts down 21435 24135 42135 ; another of the ſix changes is made 42315; then the 4 muſt hunt up, and the 5 down again, &c. which courſe muſt be continued to the end.

In the Sixſcore changes, four of the notes do make the Twenty four changes, and the fifth note hunts continually through them: ſo that the courſe and method of the Sixſcore is in effect the ſame with that of the Four and twenty. For as the Four and twenty comprehended the Six changes on three; ſo in like manner the Sixſcore comprehend the Four and twenty changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore in the Sixſcore there muſt be two hunts and three extream bells; one of the hunts is term'd the whole-hunt, and the other the half-hunt, The three extream bells do make the Six changes in the ſame manner as they were made before in the Four and twenty changes upon four bells, and are here alſo call'd Extream changes: the half-hunt and three extream bells do make the Four and twenty changes in the ſame manner as the Four and twenty changes on four bells were likewiſe made: and the whole hunt continually hunts through thoſe four bells, and every time it either leads or lies behind them, one change muſt then be made in the twenty four. 1 ſhall here be the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, 12345 and 3 4 5 extream bells: ſo that 2 3 4 5 muſt make the four and twenty changes. Every extream change ſhall be made betwixt the two fartheſt extream bells from the half-hunt. Firſt, the treble hunts up 21345 23145 23415 23451 . One of the twenty four changes muſt now be made; and therefore 2 which is the hunt in the twenty four, muſt begin its motion through the extream bells 32451. The treble hunts down 32415 32145 31245 13245 ; the half-hunt muſt proceed in its courſe 13425; the whole-hunt hunts up 31425 34125 34215 34251 ; The half-hunt proceeds forward 34521; the whole-hunt moves down 34512 34152 31452 13452 . The half-hunt ſhould now proceed, but having finiſhed its courſe through the extream bells, therefore an extream change muſt now be made betwixt the two fartheſt extream bells from it, which are 3.4. 14352. The treble muſt hunt up 41352 43152 43512 43521 ; the half-hunt muſt now begin its courſe again through the extream bells 43251; treble hunts down 43215 43125 41325 14325 ; the half-hunt proceeds in its courſe down 14235; treble hunts up 41235 42135 42315 42351 ; the half-hunt proceeds in its courſe down 24351; treble hunts down 24315 24135 21435 12435 ; the half-hunt having finiſhed its courſe, threfore an extream change muſt be made betwixt the two fartheſt extream bells from it, which are 3.5 12453. The treble hunts up 21453 24153 24513 24531 . The half-hunt begins its motion again through the extream bells, and firſt it moves up over 4th 42531. The whole hunt moves down 42513 42153 41253 14253 ; the half-hunt muſt proceed in its courſe, 41523 45123 45213 45231 and therefore muſt move over another note 14523 45321. And this method being obſerved, will produce ſixſcore changes, 45312 45132 41532 14532 and then the bells will in courſe come round. Now 'tis obſervable, that the changes at 32451 13425 34521 14352 43251 14235 24351 12453 42531 14523 45321 and 15432, being ſet down by themſelves, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on 2345 to be ſet directly under one another in the ſame ſucceſſive order as they were made, it will thereby appear, that thoſe four figures have made twelve changes of the twenty four, according to the method of the firſt twenty four changes on four bells before ſet down. And whereas here are juſt half the ſixſcore changes prickt down, ſo likewiſe here are juſt half the four and twenty changes made therein: and the remaining part of this ſixcore being likewiſe prickt, the remaining part of this four and twenty would alſo appear therein, which part being added to the former twelve, would make up the twenty four changes compleat; and the method of them the ſame in all reſpects with the firſt twenty four changes on four bells, pag.

Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleaſure, and its firſt motion at the beginning of the peal may either be up or down. Any note may alſo be made a half-hunt, and its firſt motion likewiſe up or down at pleaſure; yet ſtill obſerving that the half-hunt and three extream bells muſt make the twenty four changes, as in this laſt example. So that in the ſixſcore changes the Learner may obſerve, that the three extream bells are always aſſigned for the half-hunt to hunt through; and the half-hunt and three extream bells are alſo aſſigned for the whole-hunt to hunt through: ſo that the whole-hunt always hunts through four notes, and the half-hunt through three. The extream changes may be made two ways; firſt, betwixt the two fartheſt extream bells from the half-hunt, as in this laſt example: ſecondly, betwixt the two next extream bells to the half-hunt, which may be called mediums, for diſtinction from the former. But the moſt uſual and eaſieſt way, is to make them betwixt the two fartheſt notes from the half-hunt.

Whereas the treble or fifth being made whole-hunts, the firſt of them can neither be moved down, nor the laſt up, at the beginning of a peal; therefore one of the twenty four changes muſt firſt be made, which is as effectual, as if the treble had moved down, or the 5th up.

The Learner may obſerve, that two of the four and twenty changes are never made together in any ſixſcore, but as ſoon as one is made, the whole-hunt moves through the four notes before another can be made.

The ſixſcore changes may be rung one hundred and ſixty ways, which are thus demonſtrable. There are five times four figures to be produced out of five, and not twice four the ſame figures: as 1234. 1235. 1245. 1345. 2345. with each four the twenty four changes may be prickt ſixteen ways, as before I have ſhewed on four bells; ſo that here will be five times ſixteen four and twenties, which amount to eighty, and not two alike. Now to each four add the fifth figure which is wanting, as to 1234 add 5, to 1235 add 4, to 1245 add 3, to 1345 add 2, to 2345 add 1, and every fifth figure being hunted through the ſixteen four and twenties, which the other four make, as the 5 through the ſixteen four and twenties which the 1234 make, and the like of the reſt, will produce as many ſixſcores as there were four and twenties, that is, 80. Then the whole hunt may hunt two ways through each four and twenty, that is, up and down at the beginning, which doubles the former number, and makes 160 in the whole.

Treble up, fifth down. 12345 — 21345 23145 23415 23451 23541 23514 23154 21354 12354 12534 21534 25134 25314 25341 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 Extre 15243 51243 52143 52413 52431 25431 25413 25143 21543 12543 12453 21453 24153 24513 24531 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 Extre. 14235 — 14253 14523 — 15423 Extre 15432 — 14532 14352 — 14325 Extre. 13425 — 13452 13542 — 15342 Extre. 15324 — 13524 13254 — 13245 Extre. 12345 Treble up, fourth down. 12345 — 21345 23145 23415 23451 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 14235 41235 42135 42315 42351 Extre. 42531 42513 42153 41253 14253 12453 21453 24153 24513 24531 25431 25413 25143 21543 12543 12534 21534 25134 25314 25341 Extre. 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 15243 — 15423 14523 — 14532 15432 — 15342 15324 — 13524 13542 — 13452 14352 — 14325 13425 — 13245 13254 — 12354 12345 — Second down, fourth up. 12345 — 21345 21354 12354 13254 13524 13542 Extre. 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 23145 32145 31245 31425 31452 34152 34125 34215 32415 23415 24315 42315 43215 43125 43152 Extre. 43512 43521 43251 42351 24351 23451 32451 34251 34521 34512 35412 35421 35241 32541 23541 23514 32514 35214 35124 35142 Extre. 53142 53124 53214 52314 25314 25341 52341 53241 &c.

In ringing terms the hunts are named in ſhort, as in the peals here prickt. The firſt which is named is here underſtood to be the whole-hunt, and the laſt the half-hunt. For inſtance, Treble is the whole-hunt, and fifth the half-hunt; and treble is the whole-hunt, and fourth the half-hunt, &c.

The Changes on ſix Bells.

THere are ſeven hundred and twenty changes to be rung on ſix bells. But the Learner may firſt practice ſome ſhorter peals.

The twenty four changes are thus rung. The treble muſt continually hunt through the reſt of the notes, and every time it leads or lies behind them, 123456 an extream change muſt then be made between the two fartheſt notes from it. The treble hunts up 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 . A change is made betwixt the two fartheſt notes from it, which are 2.3 324561. The treble hunts down 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 . An extream change is made betwixt 5.6 132465, which method muſt be continued to the end. Any note may be made a hunt at pleaſure, and the extream changes may as well be made betwixt the two neareſt notes to the hunt. The Thirty-all-over are rung according to the method of the Twelve-all-over upon four bells, to which I refer.

The thirty ſix changes are thus rung. 123459 The treble hunts up into the third place, and then the two firſt notes make a change. The treble hunts down again to lead, and then the two notes in the 3d and 4th places do make a change, 314256 341256 except the 2 lies next the treble, 431256 and then the two hindmoſt notes. The treble hunts up 213456 231456 413256 143256 . The two firſt notes make a change 321456. 142356. The treble hunts down 212456 132456 412356 421356 ; the 2.4 make a change 134256 241356. In which manner the changes are to be made untill the treble leads, 214356 124356 124365 &c. and the 2 (which may be term'd the half-hunt) lies next it, and then the extream change is made behind, as in the laſt change of this example, there being but two of theſe changes in the peal.

In the Twelveſcore long-hunts, (otherwiſe called the Eſquire's twelveſcore) the 6th and 5th are hunts, and 1234 do make the twenty four changes. The 6th and 5th do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, one of the twenty four changes muſt then be made. The courſe and method of this is the ſame with that of the forty eight changes on five bells, to which I refer the Learner.

In the Sevenſcore and four, the treble and tenor are both hunts; and 2345 do make the twenty four changes, 123456 2 being the hunt therein. The treble and tenor do both hunt at one and the ſame time, the one up, and the other down, croſſing each others courſe; and when one of them leads, the other always lies behind; at which time one of the twenty four changes muſt be made. The extream changes in this peal are made in the ſame manner as before I have ſhewed upon four bells. The treble hunts up, and the tenor down 213465 231645 236145 263415 623451 . One of the twenty four changes is made 632451. The treble hunts down, and the tenor up 362415 326145 321645 312465 132456 . Another of the twenty four changes is made 134256. The treble hunts up, and the tenor down 314265 341625 346125 364215 634251 , &c. which method muſt be obſerved to the end. 634521 &c.

In the ſixſcore changes there is a wholehunt, a half-hunt, and four extream hells. The half-hunt and four extream bells do make the twenty changes in the ſame manner as the twenty changes were made upon five bells with one hunt. pag. 61. The whole hunt hath a continual motion through the other five notes, and every time it leads and lies behind them, one of the twenty changes muſt then be made. In this example, treble is the whole hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and 3456 extream bells; therefore 23456 muſt make the twenty changes wherein 2 is the hunt, and every time it lies either before the four extream bells, or behind them, an extream change muſt then be made, which here ſhall be betwixt the two ſartheſt extream bells from the half-hunt. 123456 The treble hunts up 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 . One of the twenty changes muſt now be made, therefore 2 being the hunt in it, muſt begin its courſe through the extream bells 324561. The treble hunts down 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 ; The half-hunt proceeds forward 134256; the treble hunts up 314256 341256 342156 342516 342561 ; the half-hunt proceeds forward in its courſe 345261; the treble hunts down 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 ; the 2 proceeds forward 134562; the treble hunts up 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 ; the half-hunt ſhould now proceed forward, but its courſe through the extream bells being finiſhed, therefore an extream change muſt be made betwixt 3.4, which are the two fartheſt extream bells from it, 435621. The treble muſt hunt down 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 ; the half-hunt muſt now go its courſe again through the extream bells, and firſteit moves down under the 6th, 143526 &c. &c. which method muſt be continued to the end. Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleaſure, or a half-hunt alſo. And the extream changes may be made betwixt the two neareſt extream notes to the half-hunt; but withall obſerving to make all the extreams in one peal alike. There are four extream changes in each peal, and thirty changes diſtance from one to another.

The method of the Seven hundred and twenty, hath an abſolute dependency upon the method of the Sixfcore changes on five bells; for five of the notes are to make the ſixſcore changes, and the ſixth note hunts continually through them, and every time it leads or lies behind them, one of the Sixſcore changes muſt then be made. The method of the Seven hundred and Twenty is in effect the ſame with that of the Sixſcore: for as the Sixſcore comprehended the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six on three; ſo likewiſe the Seven hundred and twenty comprehend the Sixſcore changes on five, the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore here muſt be three Hunts, and three Extream bells: the three Hunts are thus diſtinguiſhed; one of them is call'd the whole-hunt, another the half-hunt, and the other the quarter-hunt. The Half-hunt, Quarter-hunt, and three Extream bells, are to make the Sixſcore changes; the Quarter-hunt and three Extream bells are to make the Twenty four changes, and the three Extream bells are to make the ſix changes, which are here alſo called extream changes, and made in the ſame manner as before I have ſhewed upon four bells. In this example here prickt, treble is the wholehunt, 2d the half-hunt, 3d the quarter-hunt, and 4 5 6 extream bells. Now 'tis obſervable, that 4 5 6 are to make the ſix extream changes, which will divide the ſeven hundred and twenty into ſix equal parts; the 3 4 5 6 are to make the twenty four changes, wherein the 3d is the hunt, (but in the ſeven hundred and twenty 'tis call'd the quarter-hunt;) and and 2 3 4 5 6 are to make the ſixſcore changes, wherein the 2d is the whole-hunt (though in the 720 'tis call'd the half-hunt,) by which 'tis evident, that the treble continually hunts through theſe five 2 3 4 5 6, the 2d through the four 3 4 5 6, and the 3d through theſe three 4 5 6; which are aſſigned for the reſpective hunts to hunt through, from the beginning to the end of the peal. Firſt the treble hunts up 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 Now one of the ſixſcore changes muſt be made, therefore the 2d being the hunt in the ſixſcore, muſt begin its courſe through the other four notes 324561. The treble hunts down 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 ; the 2d proceeds in its courſe 134256. the treble hunts up 314256 341256 342156 342516 342561 . The 2d proceedeth forward in its courſe 345261; the treble hunts down 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 ; the 2d proceeds forward 134562; the the treble hunts up 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 ; the 2d, which is the half-hunt, ſhould now proceed forward, but having finiſhed its courſe through the four bells, therefore the 3d, which is the quarter-hunt, muſt begin its motion through the extream bells 435621. The treble hunts down 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 . The half-hunt muſt now begin its courſe again through the four bells, and firſt therefore it moves down under the 6 143526. The treble muſt hunt up again, and then the 2d muſt move down under another bell, which method muſt be obſerved untill the 2d has moved quite down through the four bells again, and then the 3d muſt proceed forward by moving over another of the extream bells; which method muſt be obſerved in the motion of the three hunts, until the quarter-hunt hath moved up behind the extream bells, and then the whole and half-hunts, having gone their courſe again through the bells, an extream change muſt be made: after which the whole, half, and quarter-hunts proceed again in their courſe as before.

123456 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 h 324561 324156 324156 321456 312456 132456 h 134256 314256 341256 342156 342516 312561 h 345261 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 h 174562 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 q 435621 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 h 143526 413526 431526 435126 435216 435261 h 432561 432516 432156 431256 413256 143256 h 142356 412356 423156 423516 423561 243561 243516 243156 241356 214356 124536 q 124536 214536 241536 245136 245316 245361 h 425361 425316 425136 421536 412536 142536 h 145236 415236 451236 452136 452316 452361 h 453261 453216 453126 451326 415326 145326 h 145362 415362 451362 453162 453612 453621 q 456321 456312 456132 451632 415632 145632 h 145623 415623 451623 456123 456213 456231 452631 452613 452163 451263 415263 145263 h 142563 412563 421563 425163 425613 425631 h 245631 245613 245163 241563 214563 124563 Extrem. 125463

The letter h ſtanding by the figures ſignifies half-hunt, that is, the motion of the half-hunt in that change; and likewiſc q the quarterhunt. Here are the firſt ſixſcore changes of a ſeven hundred and twenty; wherein 'tis obſervable, that all the changes at h and q, being ſet down by themſelves in the ſame ſucceſſive order as they were made, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on the other five figures to be ſet down directly under one another, and the extream change at laſt, it will thereby appear, that the five figures have made twenty changes of a ſixſcore, according to the method of the example on five bells, pag. 63. with this only difference, theſe are made on 23456, and thoſe were made on 12345; but the five figures of each have both alike courſe, the 2d and 3d going the ſame courſe in this, as the treble and 2d did in that. Now whereas the ſixſcore changes here prickt down are a ſixth part of the ſeven hundred and twenty; ſo likewiſe are the twenty changes, here made by 23456, a ſixth part of the ſixſcore: and then conſequently, the ſeven hundred and twenty changes being all prickt, the ſixſcore changes on 23456 would plainly appear therein, in the ſame manner as twenty of them appear in this ſixſcore. Therefore more need not be ſaid of the method of the 720, ſince the method of the ſixſcore changes on five bells being well underſtood, will be a ſure and certain guide to the Learner: only this one thing farther; in ringing of this peal with any hunts, the ſecond extream change being made between the two bells which made the firſt extream, will always bring the bells round at the end of the twelveſcore. But after twelveſcore are made, they cannot in courſe be brought round until the end of the 720.

The 720 changes may be rung one thouſand nine hundred and twenty ſeveral ways, which is thus demonſtrable. There are ſix times five figures to be produced out of ſix, and not twice five the ſame: as 12345. 12346. 12356. 12456. 13456. 23456. and with each five the ſixſcore changes may be prickt one hundred and ſixty ways, as before I have ſhewed on five bells. Now to each five add the ſixth figure which is wanting, as to 12345 add 6, to 12346 add 5, to 12456 add 3, to 13456 add 2, and to 23456 add 1. And the ſixth figure which is added, being hunted through all the ſeveral ſixſcores which the other five figures make; for inſtance, the 6 through the 160 ſeveral ſixſcores which 12345 make, and the 5 alſo through the 160 ſeveral ſixſcores, which 12346 make, and the like of the reſt; will produce as many ſeven hundred and twenties as there are ſixſcores, that is, ſix times one hundred and ſixty, which amounts to nine hundred and ſixty. Then the note that hunts through the other five, may hunt two ways through each ſixſcore, that is, up and down, which will double the former number, and make nineteen hundred and twenty in the whole.

AN INTRODUCTION to the Knowledge of CROSSE PEALS.

THeſe Peals are term'd croſs in reſpect of their intricate methods; wherein ſeveral notes moving at one and the ſame time, do thwart or croſs each other in their courſe and motion, ſome moving up, others at the ſame time down, gives this Denomination to the Peals. The end of pricking them is to make the compleat number of changes by a method differing from that of other Peals. For although five can be varied but 120 ways, and ſix but 720 &c. yet the methods by which they are varied, are differing, according to the ſeveral fancies of the Artiſt. And as order and method are the only baſis on which this Art is founded; ſo the skilful Artiſts, the better to effect the aforeſaid end, have thought fit in moſt peals to appoint one note to be as it were a Helm or Rudder, by which the courſe of the peal is ſteered; which note is term'd a Hunt, and hath one conſtant uniform motion throughout the peal, differing from that of the other notes. The manner of its motion is continually through the other notes, that is, from leading to ſtrike behind, and from thence again to lead, which motion, firſt up and then down, is term'd one compleat Courſe. Some peals upon five bells, as old Doubles, &c. conſiſt of ſingle Courſes; there being ten changes in every ſingle Courſe, and twelve of thoſe Courſes in the peal. Other peals upon five bells, as London Paradox, &c. conſiſt of double Courſes; there being twenty changes in every double Courſe, and ſix of thoſe Courſes in the peal. Upon ſix bells there are alſo ſingle and double Courſes, viz. twelve changes in every ſingle Courſe, as in Grandſire Bob &c. and twenty four changes in every double Courſe, as in Colledg Bob, &c. the change wherein the Hunt leaves leading being the firſt change of every Courſe. Now the methods of theſe peals being well conſidered, they will be found more eaſie than at the firſt view they may ſeem to be; for the firſt Courſe of any Croſs Peal being judiciouſly viewed, the general method of the whole peal will thereby appear: for all the Courſes in a Croſs peal do agree in theſe three reſpects. Firſt, in the motion of the Hunt; ſecondly, in the motion of the reſt of the notes; thirdly, in the making of the changes, which will plainly appear in the following peals, (ſome few changes in each peal only excepted, as hereafter I ſhall ſhew in my Directions to the ſeveral peals:) for proof of which I will give an inſtance in the peal of new Doubles upon five bells, theſe being the three firſt Courſes of the peal. Wherein 'tis obſervable, Firſt Courſe 2d Courſe 3d Courſe 12345 13524 15432 21354 31542 51423 23145 35124 54132 32415 53214 45312 23451 35241 54321 32541 53421 45231 23514 35412 54213 32154 53142 45123 31245 51324 41532 13257 15342 14523 13524 15432 14253

that the laſt change of the firſt Courſe which is 13524, I have ſet down again it the top of the ſecond Courſe; and likewiſe the laſt change of the ſecond Courſe which is 15432, I have alſo put at the top of the third courſe; which I have done for the plainer Demonſtration of what I here intend. So that the ten lowermoſt changes are the ten changes of each Courſe.

Firſt therefore, as to the motion of the bunt, the 1 which is the hunt moves directly up behind, where it lieth twice, and then down again to lead, where it lieth alſo twice; as appears in each of theſe three Courſes, and the like alſo throughout the peal.

Secondly, as the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th bells move through the firſt Courſe, ſo the bells that lie in the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th places in the laſt change of every courſe, moves in the ſame manner alſo through the next following courſe. For inſtance; firſt, for the bell in the 2d place: in the firſt courſe the 2d bell moves down to lead, where it lieth twice, and then dodges untill the treble comes down to it. So likewiſe in the ſecond courſe, the 3d bell lying in the 2d place moves down to lead, where it lies twice, and then dodges until treble comes down to it; and alſo in the third courſe, the 5th bell lying in the 2d place, moves down to lead where it lieth twice, and dodgeth until the treble moves down to it. Secondly, for the bell in the 3d place. In the firſt courſe the 3d bell moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the treble comes down to it: ſo likewiſe in the ſecond courſe the 5th bell lying in the 3d place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the treble comes down to it: and alſo in the 3d courſe the 4th bell lying in the 3d place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth until the treble comes down to it. Thirdly, for the bell in the fourth place: In the firſt courſe, the fourth bell moves up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; ſo likewiſe in the ſecond courſe, the 2d bell lying in the 4th place moves up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; and alſo in the third courſe the 3d bell lying in the 4th place, moves therefore up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth twice, then up again behind. And ſuch uniform motion alſo hath the bell in the 5th place through every courſe.

Thirdly, that the changes in all the courſes of the peal are made alike, will here alſo plainly appear in the three courſes. For the firſt change of every courſe is made on the two firſt and two laſt bells; the ſecond change of every courſe is made on the four laſt; the the third is made on the four firſt; the fourth on the two firſt and two laſt; the fifth on the four firſt; the ſixth on the two firſt and two laſt; the ſeventh on the four firſt; the eighth on the four laſt; the ninth on the two firſt and two laſt; and the tenth ſingle.

And thus in every Croſs-peal the Courſes do all agree, firſt in the motion of the Hunt, ſecondly in the motion of the reſt of the notes, and thirdly in the making of the changes, as before I have ſhowed. So that theſe three things being well obſerved, will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing them; the firſt and third being moſt proper to direct the pricking of them, and the firſt and ſecond the ringing of them. Therefore if the Practitioner do but obſerve how the changes are made in the firſt courſe of a peal, wherein he muſt have particular regard to the motion of the Hunt, (which a little further help from the following directions to each peal, as to the making of Extreams and Bob-changes) he may eaſily prick down all the following Courſes of the ſame peal: and therefore in the following peals I have onely prickt down two or three of the firſt courſes for an example, and then have abridged the reſt of the peal by ſetting down only the changes that are made at the leadings of the Hunt. But note, there are ſome few Cambridg-peals upon five bells, wherein all the courſes of each peal do not agree in the aforeſaid three reſpects: For although as to the motion of the whole-hunt they do, yet in the motion of the reſt of the notes, and conſequently in the making of the changes they do not.

It being very difficult to begin the following peals with croſs hunts, that is, to make the 2d, 3d, 4th, &c. whole-hunts, I will therefore ſet down a general rule for making the firſt changes at the beginning of each Peal, wherein conſiſts the great difficulty. In any Croſs peal the whole-hunt may move either up or down at the beginning; and the motion of the whole-hunt in the firſt courſe of each of the following peals will direct the firſt motion of any croſs hunt, and conſequently of making the firſt changes in that peal. For Example, admit the 4th were made the whole-hunt in the peal called Old doubles and ſingles upon five bells, and to hunt up at firſt: now to know how to make the firſt changes, obſerve how the change is made wherein the treble (which is there the whole-hunt) moves up out of the 4th place, and in the ſame manner muſt the change be made wherein the 4th bell alſo moves up out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble moves up out of the 4th place is a ſingle behind; ſo likewiſe muſt the change wherein the 4th bell moves up out of that place, be alſo a ſingle behind thus, 12354: and then as the next change wherein the treble lieth ſtill behind is double of the four firſt bells; ſo likewiſe the next change wherein the 4th bell lieth ſtill behind, muſt alſo be made on the four firſt, thus, 21534, &c. Or admit the 4th were to hunt down at the beginning, then obſerve how the change is made wherein the treble hunts down out of the 4th place, and ſo in like manner muſt the change be made wherein the 4th hunts alſo down out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble hunts down out of the 4th place, is double of the four firſt bells; ſo likewiſe muſt the change wherein the 4th bell hunts down out of that place, be alſo double of the four firſt thus, 21435; then as the treble makes a ſingle when it moves down out of the 3d place, ſo likewiſe muſt the 4th next make a ſingle change in moving down out of the 3d place thus 24135, &c. which obſervations will guide the making of the firſt changes in in any croſs peal with any Hunts; but obſerve whenſoever the firſt change of any peal hapens to be ſingle, it muſt be made at the back-ſtroke to prevent cutting compaſs; and the like when a double change happens firſt in a peal of Triples and Doubles. And moreover by the way obſerve, that all the following peals are ſo prickt, that in ringing them at half-pulls, if the firſt change of each peal is made at the fore-ſtroke, the ſingle changes in each peal will always be made at the back-ſtroke; and alſo the double changes in Triples and Doubles, excepting ſome few Single in two or three peals. But when it happens that the firſt change of a peal is made at the back-ſtroke, then conſequently the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-ſtroke change.

In ſuch peals on five bells where ſingles are made in the 3d and 4th places at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the extreams may there be made three ways in each peal; viz. every time the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt; ſecondly, every time it lieth behind; thirdly, every time the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt, and alſo behind: in this laſt way there are ſix extreams in each peal, but in other ways only three in each; the extreams being always made when the whole-hunt leads, and betwixt the two fartheſt extream bells from the half-hunt.

In ſuch peals upon five bells wherein there are three extreams, and made in the 3d and 4th places at the leadings of the whole-hunt; the reſt of the ſingles at the leadings of the whole-hunt may be made two ways in each peal, viz. either in the 2d and 3d, or the 4th and 5th places; if they are made in the 2d and 3d, then the extreams muſt be made when the half-hunt lyeth behind; but if the ſingles are made behind, then the extreams muſt be made when the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt, the extreams being always made between the two next extream bells to the half-hunt.

In all the following peals the figures ſtanding by themſelves at the title of the peal, are the hunts in the peal there prickt: for inſtance, in the firſt croſs-peal upon five bells call'd Old doubles and ſingles, the two figures ſtanding thus 1 and 2, are the hunts in that peal; 1 is the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and the like of the reſt.

All peals of doubles upon five bells, which go ſixty changes compleat without any ſingle, by making of two extreams they will go 120. And alſo all peals of doubles upon ſix bells, and triples and doubles upon ſix, which go 360 changes without any ſingle or extreme, by making of two extreams they will go 720. The extreams in all theſe compleat peals proceeding from one and the ſame cauſe, are therefore to be made after one manner, according to this general and infallible rule: Whereſoever any two of the extream bells are in courſe to make a change, thoſe two bells by lying ſtill will effectually make the extream. So that the making of the extream in doubles upon five bells, neceſſitates the making of a ſingle change at the ſame time, by reaſon that the two extream bells which ſhould contribute to the making of the double change, do lie ſtill; ſo that the ſingle change is accidental, and very improperly called the extream. When the extreams in triples and doubles upon ſix bells are made at double changes, then there happens two ſingles in the peal; but when they are made at triple changes, then thoſe two changes will become double, and conſequently the 720 will then go compleat without any ſingle. Upon five bells the firſt extream muſt be made within ſixty changes from the beginning, and the ſecond extream juſt ſixty changes from the firſt. Upon ſix bells the firſt extream muſt be made within 360 changes from the beginning, and the ſecond extream juſt 360 changes from the firſt. The eaſieſt way in practice, is to make the extremes at the leadings of the whole-hunt; wherein it may be obſerved as a general rule, That in all peals upon ſix bells, where the half-hunt dodgeth behind at the bobs, there the firſt extream may be made either the firſt, ſecond, or third time: the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, and then the ſecond extream muſt be made the third time thoſe two bells dodg again together behind, after the firſt extream is made. And alſo in all ſuch peals upon ſix bells, where the doubles at the leadings of the whole-hunt are made on the four middle bells, there the firſt extream may be made either the firſt, ſecond, or third time the half and quarter-hunts do make a change in the 2d and 3d places, and then the 2d extream muſt be made the third time thoſe two bells come there again to make a change after the firſt extream is made. The ſingles at all theſe extreams muſt be made by the half and quarterhunt. The firſt extream in any peal may alſo be made at any place, where two of the extream bells are in courſe to make a change according to the preceding general rule; and then the making of the ſecond extream may be guided by obſervations taken from the changes at the leadings of the whole-hunt: for at the leadings of the whole-hunt the half and quarter-hunts always come together to make a change in one place, juſt at 120 changes diſtance from one another throughout each peal. Now as the ſecond extream muſt be made juſt 360 changes from the firſt, ſo the making of it may thus be guided: Look how many changes, or elſe how many leadings of the whole-hunt the firſt extream is made after the half and quarter-hunts have made a change together, ſo many changes or leadings of the whole-hunt muſt the ſecond extream be made, after the third following time that thoſe two bells do make a change in the ſame place again. And likewiſe in all peals, where there are ſingle and double bobs, the ſame obſervations will alſo hold good, in making the extreams either after the ſingle or double bobs as before; there being likewiſe 120 changes diſtance between the ſingle bobs and alſo between the double bobs: ſo that if the firſt extream is made at a ſingle bob, the ſecond muſt then be made at the third following ſingle bob, and the like alſo at double bobs. And ſuch kind of obſervations, according to the nature of the peal, will guide the making of the ſecond extream in any peal, either upon five or ſix bells. Wherein 'tis obſervable, that the ſecond extream muſt always be made by the ſame two bells, and in the ſame place where the firſt was made, which two bells will in courſe lie apt for that purpoſe; and the reſt of the bells will alſo in courſe lie in the ſame places at the ſecond extream where they lay at the firſt. After the making of the firſt extream, the method of the peal goeth on as if no extream had been made; and alſo after the making of the ſecond extream if any remaineth, it alſo goes on, until in courſe the bells come round.

In all compleat peals of doubles upon ſix bells there may alſo moveable extreams be made, which are made according to this rule; whereſoever any two of the extream bells are together, and in courſe to lie ſtill, thoſe two bells by making a change will thereby make the extream, which is as effectual as the fixed extream, the reaſon and ground of both being one and the ſame. There are alſo two of theſe extreams in each peal, and the ſecond always made 360 changes from the firſt, and the making of it guided by ſuch kind of obſervations as before. When moveable extreams are made, then there will be two triple changes in the 720; but when fixed extreams are made, then two ſingles.

The art of croſs-pricking may receive a being from this conſideration. As every compleat peal of plain changes upon one number comprehends the compleat peals on all leſſer numbers; ſo likewiſe every compleat croſspeal muſt of neceſſity do the like, although their croſs courſe permits it not to be done ſo regularly and demonſtrably as the former. From whence may be inferr'd, that every note in a croſs-peal muſt of neceſſity lie as many times in one place, as the reſt of the notes are capable of making changes; and alſo that two or more of the notes muſt jointly lie in the ſame places as many times, as the remaining number are alſo capable of making changes: this being a certain touchſtone to prove all croſs-peals after they are prickt, and muſt be held as a principle on which to ground ſuch methods of pricking, that the courſe of all the notes may demonſtrably tend to produce thoſe effects. And from hence it is, that the whole hunt immediately derives the manner of its uniform motion through the courſes of each peal. And the changes in every courſe are as ſo many guides to conduct the reſt of the notes in ſuch ſort, that they may be prepared to lie at the laſt change of the courſe in apt places for each ſucceeding courſe to receive them, and to perform the like. Now as the changes in all the courſes of a peal are made alike, except as before; ſo in the compoſing of croſs-peals, by pricking of one courſe may ſoon be diſcovered, whether or no a compleat Peal will from thence ariſe.

Croſs Peals.

The Twenty four, Doubles and Singles on four Bells.

THis peal conſiſts equally of double and ſingle changes; 1234 2143 2413 4231 4321 3412 3142 1324 one change is double, the next ſingle, and ſo throughout. 1 is here the hunt, and 2.3.4 extream bells. Every double change is made on the two firſt and two laſt bells, and every ſingle on the two middle bells, except when and 1 leads, and then behind which is call'd extream. All the bells have a direct Hunting-courſe up and down until 1 leads, and then the bell in the ſecond place lyeth ſtill, whilſt the two hind-bells make a dodg; which being made, all the bells proceed again in their Hunting courſe. The three changes of ( 1342 3124 3214 2341 2431 4213 4123 1432 1423 4132 4312 3421 3241 2314 2134 1243 1234) are the three extream changes.

There are three ways to make the extream changes. Firſt, every time the hunt leads, as in the peal here prickt; ſecondly, every time it lies behind; thirdly, every time it leads and lies behind: in this laſt way there are ſix extream changes in the peal, but in the other two ways, only three extreams; the extream changes muſt always be made betwixt the two fartheſt bells from the hunt. Any bell may hunt at pleaſure, and it may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal. If the 1 or 3d do hunt down, or the 2d or 4th up at the beginning, the firſt change muſt be ſingle, and made of the back-ſtroke (if 'tis rung at half-pulls) to prevent cutting compaſs; but if either of thoſe bels do hunt the contrary way, then the firſt change muſt be double.

Old Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2.

ONE change is double, the next ſingle, and ſo by turns. The treble hath a direct hunting courſe, as in plain changes. Every double change is on the four firſt bells, and the treble is one of the two bells that makes every ſingle change, except when it leads, and then the ſingle is in the 3d and 4th places; but when 2 lies next the treble, then the ſingle is behind, which is call'd extream. Every time the treble leaves leading, the two firſt bells continue ſlow dodging, untill the treble comes down and diſplaceth them. And when the treble moves down out of the 5th place, 12345 21435 24135 42315 42351 24531 24513 42153 41253 14523 14253 41523 45123 54213 54231 45321 45312 54132 51432 15342 15432 13254 13524 12435 Extre. 12453 15324 15234 13452 13542 14235 14325 12543 Extre. 12534 13425 13245 14532 14352 15243 15423 12354 Extre. 12345 the bell that comes into it lies ſtill there, until the treble comes thither again, except when the extream change is made behind. Every bell lies twice together in the 3d and 4th places, except when the treble leads, and alſo when it hinders them in hunting.

This old peal may be rung by a new courſe, which differs from the former only in the ſingle changes that are made every time the whole-hunt leads, viz. every ſingle may be made either in the 2d and 3d, or 4th and 5th places. If they are made in the 2d and 3d, then the extreams muſt be made when the half-hunt lies behind; but if they are made in the 4th and 5th places, then the extreams muſt be made when the half-hunt lies next the whole-hunt, the extreams being always made in the 3d and 4th places.

London Paradox. 1 and 2.

ONE change is double, 12345 21435 24135 21453 24153 42513 45213 42531 45231 54321 53421 54312 53412 35142 31542 35124 31524 13254 13524 15342 15432 14523 14253 12435 Extre. 12453 14235 14325 13452 13542 15324 15234 12543 Extre. 15243 15423 14532 14352 13425 13245 12354 Extre. 12345 the next ſingle, and ſo by turns. The motion of the treble is after this manner; in hunting up, firſt, it makes a dodg in the 2d and 3d places, then it lies twice in the 4th place, and four times behind; in which manner alſo it hunts down again, and then leads four times. The reſt of the bells have a like courſe and motion with that of the treble, untill the treble leads. Now 'tis obſervable, that every ſingle change is made in the 2d and 3d places until the treble leads, and then in the 3d and 4th places; but when 2 lies next the treble, then an extream behind. The changes at the leadings of the whole-hunt have an abſolute dependency upon the courſe of the twenty four changes, doubles and ſingles upon four bells-; and the extreams to be made as many ways as in that peal, which are here guided by the motion of the half-hunt.

Phoenix 5 and 4.

ONE change is double, 12345 21354 23154 32513 35214 53241 52341 25431 24531 42513 45213 54123 51423 15432 14532 41352 43152 34125 34215 43125 41325 the next ſingle, and ſo by turns. Every bell leads twice, and lies behind four times. Every ſingle is made in the 2d and 3d places, until the 5th comes behind, and then in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 4th leads, (the 5th being behind) the ſingle is in the 2d and 3d places.

London pleaſure. 1 and 2.

THis peal in the former printing of it was prickt another way, but I have here tranſpoſed that Courſe, which in my opinion renders it more eaſie and practical.

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Mr. Tendring's Peal, call'd Grand Paradox. 1 and 5.

ONE change is double, the next ſingle, and ſo by turns. The motion of the whole-hunt is after this manner: firſt, it moves up into the 2d and 3d places, lying twice in each; then it moves up and makes a dodg behind, and then lieth ſtill one change in the 5th place; then it makes another dodg behind, and ſo moves down into the 3d and 2d places lying twice in each as before, and then leads four times. Every other bell hath a like courſe and motion with that of the treble until the leadings of the treble, and then obſerve, that every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double change is made on the two firſt and two laſt bells, ercept when it goeth to lead if the half-hunt lies next it, and then not. Every bell leads four times, and every ſingle is made behind. The change wherein each bell leaves leading, is always made on the four firſt bells, except as before.

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What you pleaſe, Doubles and Singles.

EVery bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except when the extream is made behind; and twice in the ſecond place, except when the extream is made before: and note, when the treble is before the fourth ſtroke, the ſingle is in the 2d and 3d, the next time the ſingle is behind; but at other times the ſingle is in the 3d and 4th places. When any bell leaves leading the double change is on the two firſt and two laſt, and the extreams are made by turns, firſt behind, then before, and ſo on to the end, for there are ſix extreams.

12345 21354 21534 25143 25413 52431 52341 53214 53124 35142 35412 34521 34251 43215 43125 41352 41532 14523 14253 12435 extre. 12453 21435 21345 23154 23514 32541 32451 34215 34125 43152 43512 45321 45231 54213 54123 51432 51342 15324 15234 12543 extre. 15243 14352 14532 15423 extre. 15432 13254 13524 15342 extre. 13542 14235 14325 13452 extre. 13425 12534 12354 13245 extre. 12345

Old Doubles. 1 and 2.

THE changes are all double, except one ſingle exery time the treble leads. The treble hath a perfect hunting courſe as in plain changes, and every other bell hath a like hunting courſe with that of the treble until the treble leads, and then a ſingle is made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, the ſingle is behind which is call'd extream.

12345 21435 24153 42513 45231 54321 53412 35142 31524 13254 13524 31254 32145 23415 24351 42531 45213 54123 51432 15342 15432 14523 14253 12435 extre. 12453 14235 14325 13452 13542 15324 15234 12543 extre. 12534 15243 15423 14532 14352 13425 13245 12354 extre. 12345

New Doubles. 1 and 2.

THE changes are all double, except one ſingle at every leading of the treble. The treble hath a perfect hunting courſe as in plain changes; and when it moves up from leading, the two firſt bells dodg untill it comes down again and diſplaceth them. Every bell that comes into the 3d place lies there twice, and then moves up behind; but the bell which lies there when the treble leaves leading, moves down. Every bell lies twice behind, except at the changes wherein the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading. Every time the treble leads, a ſingle change is then made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an extream behind.

12345 21354 23145 32415 23451 32541 23514 32154 31245 13254 13524 31542 35124 53214 35241 53421 35412 53142 51324 15342 15432 14523 14253 12435 extre. 12453 14235 14325 13452 13542 15324 15234 12543 extre. 12534 15243 15423 14532 14352 13425 13245 12354 extre. 12345

Reding Doubles. 1 and 2.

THE treble hath a direct hunting courle as in plain changes, and when it moves up from leading the two firſt bells dodg until it comes down again and diſplaceth them; and whilſt they dodg before, every bell that comes down into the 3d place lies there twice, and then moves up again behind. But after the dodging all the bells go a direct hunting courſe up and down, until the dodging again hindreth them as before. Every bell lies twice behind, 12345 21354 23145 32415 23451 32541 23514 32154 31245 13425 14352 41532 45123 54213 45231 54321 45312 54132 51423 15243 12534 31543 25134 52314 25341 52431 25413 52143 51234 15324 13542 14235 12453 14523 15432 13254 extre. 12354 13524 15342 14253 12435 14325 13452 15234 12543 15423 14532 13245 extre. 12345 except when the treble leaves leading if the 2d lies next it, and then the double is made on the two firſt and two laſt bells; by which means the two hind-bells then make a dodg, which happens in courſe once in twenty changes, that is, every ſecond time the treble leaves leading. By this method it will go ſixty changes, and then an extream muſt be made. The extreams in this peal may be made according to the preceding general rule ſet down in the Introduction. Here the firſt extream is made at the end of ſixty changes, the bells lying 1 3 2; and when they come to lie ſo again, the ſecond extream muſt be made; the extream is made behind, two of the extream bells lying there, and the ſingle is made in the 2d and 3d place at both the extreams.

Grandſire. 1 and 5.

THE treble hath a direct hunting courſe as in plain changes, and every other bell hath alſo a like hunting courſe with that of the treble except when the bobs hinder. The bobs are double changes, and made on the two firſt and two laſt bells according to this rule, viz. every time the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, a bob-change is then made, except the 5th lying next it makes a change there with it, and then not. Now 'tis obſervable, that once in twenty changes, that is, at every ſecond leading of the treble, the 5th lies next it, and conſequently there is but one bob-change then to be made, but at other times two; ſo that at one leading of the treble there is but one bob-change made, at the next leading there are two, and ſo ſucceſſively by turns, which for diſtinction may be call'd ſingle and double bobs, The two bells that dodg behind at a bob continue there dodging until the treble comes up and diſplaceth them, and at every bob-change the bell in the 3d place lieth ſtill, 12345 21354 23145 32415 34251 43521 45312 54132 51423 15243 12534 21543 25134 52314 53241 35421 34512 43152 41325 14352 13425 31452 34125 43215 42351 24531 25413 52143 51234 15324 13542 31524 35142 53412 54321 45231 42513 24153 21435 12453 14235 41253 42135 24315 23451 32541 35214 53124 51342 15432 14523 41532 45123 54213 52431 25341 23514 32154 31245 13254 extre. 13245 15342 13524 14253 12435 15234 12543 13452 14325 15423 14532 12354 extre. 12345 and then moves down to lead. By this method it will go ſixty changes; and to carry on the courſe extreams muſt be made, there being two in the peal. The manner of making an extream I have at large ſhewed in the Introduction, and the extreams may here be made in any place according to the general rule there ſet down. The eaſieſt way in practice is to make them at the leadings of the treble; at any ſingle bob it may be made behind, two of the extream bells lying there, and to lie ſtill whilſt the bells in the 2d and 3d places do make the ſingle change: at any double bob it may be made in the 2d and 3d places, ſo that the ſingle muſt there be made behind.

If the firſt extream is made at the ſingle bob, the ſecond muſt be made at the third following ſingle bob; or if the firſt is made at a double bob, the ſecond muſt be made at the third double bob following, as in this peal here prickt, where the firſt extream is made at a double bob, and the ſecond alſo made at the third following double bob.

This peal will go with any hunts, and to begin it on the four hind bells; but then in ringing it at half-pulls, the firſt change being made at back-ſtroke to prevent cutting compaſs, the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-ſtroke change. Therefore the better way is to begin it on the four firſt bells, which may alſo be done with any hunts, excepting 1.3, 1.5. and 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, wherein the firſt change of each may be a bob. And obſerve, that in any way of beginning it, the bells muſt all proceed in ſuch a perfect hunting courſe as the firſt change directs them, until the firſt bob comes to be made.

Old Triples and Doubles.

ONE change is triple, the next double, and ſo by turns, except one ſingle at the end of every ſixty changes. Every triple change is made on the two firſt, the two middle, and two laſt bells; and every double is made on the four middle bells, except when the hunt leads and then on the four hind bells. Treble is here the hunt, and hath a direct hunting courſe up and down as in plain changes: the reſt of the bells have alſo a direct hunting courſe up and down except when the treble leads, and then each bell that was hunting up (except that in the 2d place) makes a dodge with the next bell below it, and then proceeds forward again in its courſe up; and each bell which at the ſame time was hunting down, makes a dodg with the next bell above it, and ſo proceedeth forward in its courſe down; which method will carry on the peal five courſes of the hunt, that is ſixty changes as they are here prickt.

In the 120 there is alſo a half-hunt; 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 312546 321456 234165 243615 426351 462531 645213 654123 561432 516342 153624 and when the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lies next it, a ſingle change muſt then be made, either in the 3d and 4th, or 5th and 6th places; but obſerving when the half-hunt comes again to lie next the whole-hunt, another ſingle change muſt be made in the ſame place where the firſt was made. 156342 513624 531264 352146 325416 234561 243651 426315 462135 641253 614523 165432 164523 615432 651342 563124 536214 352641 325461 234516 243156 421365 412635 146253 142635 416253 461523 645132 654312 563421 536241 352614 325164 231546 213456 124365 Theſe ſingle changes are called extreams, there being two in every ſixſcore, and the laſt of them always falls out in courſe to be made juſt 60 changes from the firſt, that is, at the fifth leading of the whole hunt after the firſt extream.

In the 240 there is alſo a half-hunt; and when the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt lies next it, a ſingle change being then made in the 4th and 5th places, will bring the bells round at twelveſcore, there being four ſingles in the peal, one of which falls in the courſe at the end of every ſixty changes.

In the 720 there is a whole, half, and quarter hunt, and every time the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lies next it, a ſingle change muſt then be made in the 4th and 5th places as in the twelveſcore; but when the quarter-hunt lies next the half-hunt, that is, when the three hunts come together before, (which always happen at the end of every twelveſcore) then the ſingle muſt be made behind, which is call'd extream, there being three of them in the peal.

The ſevenſcore and four triples and doubles are the ſame with the former except at the leadings of the treble, and then a ſingle is always made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an extream is made in the 4th and 5th places. This peal is grounded on the twenty four doubles and ſingles, the four middle bells making them at the leadings of the treble.

Grandſire Bob. 1, 2 and 4.

THE general method of this peal is the ſame with that next before, but with this difference; whereas in that peal ſingles were made at the end of every ſixty changes to carry on the courſe, in this there are double changes made in their ſtead, which are called Bob-changes, and made when the treble leads in the 2d and 3d and the 5th and 6th places, whereas at other times the double is there made on the four hind bells.

The Practitioner may obſerve theſe rules in the ringing of it, viz. whatſoever bells he followeth when he hunteth up, he muſt follow the ſame bells again, and in the ſame order, the next time he hunts down, as in theſe changes here prickt, where the treble in hunting up firſt follows 2, then 4, and then 6; and when it comes behind, firſt it follows 2 again, then in its hunting down it follows 4 and 6 in the ſame order as when it hunted up; which is alſo obſerved in the ringing of any other bell, but with this difference betwixt the whole-hunt and the reſt of the bells, viz. Every time the whole-hunt leaves the treble's place and hunts up, it followeth different bells from what it did in its former hunting up, as may be ſeen in this example: where in its firſt hunting up it firſt follows 2, then 4, then 6; 123456 — 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 312546 321456 234165 243615 426351 462531 645213 whereas in the next hunting up it firſt follows 3, then 2, then 4. But the firſt time any other bell leads after a bob, whatſoever bells it then follows in its hunting up, it follows the ſame bells likewiſe and in the ſame order every time it hunts up, and conſequently every time it hunts down unto the next bob; as in this example, where 2 in its firſt hunting up, firſt follows 4, then 6, then 5, and likewiſe when it next hunts up it follows 4 6 5 as before, &c. But when the whole-hunt is the ſecond bell which he follows in hunting up, he muſt follow it again when he next lies behind.

'Tis obſervable, that at every leading of the treble the two hind bells dodg; and whenſoever the half-hunt dodgeth there, a bob muſt then be made, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not; which is an infallible rule, by which he that rings the halfhunt may always give notice of the bobs as well when the peal is inverted, as in the ordinary way of ringing it. The bobs fall out in courſe ſingle and double, the one ſingle, the next double; and ſo by turns; there being three ſingle bobs and three double bobs in the eighteenſcore, and conſequently ſix of each in the 720.

The aforeſaid method being obſerved, will carry on the courſe of the peal to the end of eighteenſcore, which is juſt half the 720, and then it terminates, as appears in the eighteenſcore here prickt: but by making an extream that number may be doubled; for then eighteenſcore changes more will go in courſe according to the former method; and another extream being likewiſe made at the end of the laſt eighteenſeore will compleat the 720. The manner of making an extream I have ſhewed at large in the Introduction, pag. 90. where I have alſo ſet down a general rule for making them, to which I refer.

The firſt extream may be made either the firſt, ſecond, or third time that the half and quarter hunts dodg behind; or elſe at the firſt, ſecond, or third ſingle bob; at either of which places the ſingle muſt be made behind. 123456 325416 342516 143526 — 214365 234561 324156 bob. 124536 241635 243651 231465 134562 125463 426153 426315 213645 315426 — 462513 462135 126354 351246 152643 645231 641253 123645 532164 156234 654321 614523 216354 523614 — 563412 165432 261534 256341 165324 536142 bob. 625143 265431 163542 351624 156423 652413 624513 — 315264 514632 564231 642153 136452 132546 541362 546321 461235 bob. 135264 453126 453612 416325 163425 312546 435216 435162 143652 — 321456 342561 341526 bob. 136245 234165 324651 314256 134625 132654 243615 236415 132465 316452 — 426351 263145 134256 361542 123564 462531 621354 312465 635124 125346 645213 612534 321645 653214 — 654123 165243 236154 562341 152436 561432 162534 263514 526431 154263 516342 615243 625341 254613 — 153624 651423 652431 245163 145623 156342 564132 564213 421536 bob. 513624 546312 546123 412356 154632 531264 453621 451632 143265 — 352146 435261 415362 142356 145362 bob. — bob. — 146532 154326 162345 135426 162453 bob. — 163254 — 164235 164523 145236 — 153246 — — 142563 136524 152364 146325 146253 — 135642 — bob. 142635 124653 — 125634 164352 — 126435 153462 126543 — 124365

Here are eighteenſcore changes wanting one, which one if it were made double as the former, would bring the bells round, therefore an extream muſt be made as in this change 123465, the two hind bells making the extream, and the bells in the 3d and 4th places making the ſingle. Now in regard that this extream is made the ſecond time the whole-hunt leads after a double bob, therefore the ſecond extream muſt be made the ſecond time the whole-hunt leads after the third double bob following.

This peal may be rung with any hunts, and to begin the changes triple and double as in this here prickt.

Fifty three LONDON-Peals upon Five, Six, Seven, and Eight Bells, compoſed by F. S.

Crambo.

THE changes are all ſingle; it hath a perfect courſe, and may be prickt many ways.

12345 42513 52431 32154 35421 15243 21345 45213 25431 23154 35412 51243 21435 45231 25413 23145 53412 51234 24135 54231 25143 32145 53142 15234 24153 54321 52143 32415 35142 15324 42153 45321 52134 23415 35124 13524 42135 45312 25134 23451 53124 13542 42315 54312 25314 32451 51324 31542 24315 54132 52314 32541 51342 31524 24351 45132 52341 35241 15342 31254 42351 45123 25341 35214 15432 13254 42531 54123 23541 53214 51432 13245 24531 54213 23514 53241 51423 31245 24513 52413 32514 53421 15423 31425 13425 34215 43152 41523 12453 12354 13452 34251 41352 14523 21453 12345 31452 43251 41325 14253 21543 34152 43521 14325 41253 12543 34125 34521 14352 41235 12534 43125 34512 14532 14235 21534 43215 43512 41532 12435 21354

The Primroſe. 1 and 2.

THE treble hath a perfect courſe as in plain changes. 12345 51432 15234 21435 15342 — 24135 15432 12543 24315 — Extre. 23451 14523 12534 32541 14253 — 35214 — 15243 35124 12435 15423 31524 Extre. — 13254 12453 14532 13524 — 14352 31254 14235 — 32154 14325 13425 32514 — 13245 35241 13452 — 53421 13542 12354 54312 — Extre. 54132 15324 12345

And when it hunts up out of the 2d place it makes two ſingles together, and the like when it hunteth down. When it leads, the ſingle is in the 3d and 4th places, except when 2 lies next it, and then an extream behind. Every bell (except the treble) leads four times, and lies ſtill behind untill the treble diſplaceth it, except at the extream.

Orpheus.

12345 14253 34125 54312 32541 52134 13254 41523 43152 53421 23514 51243 13245 41532 43125 53412 23541 51234 31254 45123 34215 35421 25314 15243 31245 45132 34251 35412 25341 15234 32154 54123 32415 53142 52314 12543 32145 54132 32451 53124 52341 12534 23154 51423 23415 51342 25431 21543 23145 51432 23451 51324 25413 21534 21354 15423 24315 15342 24531 12354 21345 15432 24351 15324 24513 12345 12435 14523 42315 13542 42531 12453 14532 42351 13524 42513 21435 41352 43215 31542 45231 21453 41325 43251 31524 45213 24135 14352 34521 35142 54231 24153 14325 34512 35124 54213 42135 13452 43521 53214 52431 42153 13425 43512 53241 52413 41235 31452 45321 35214 25143 41253 31425 45312 35241 25134 14235 34152 54321 32514 52143

One change is double, the next ſingle, and ſo by turns.

New Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2.

ONE change is double, the next ſingle, and ſo by turns. The treble hath a direct hunting courſe up and down as in plain changes, 12345 51324 15234 21354 15342 — 23154 15432 12543 32514 — Extre. 32541 14523 12534 23451 14253 — 23415 — 15243 32145 12435 15423 31245 Extre — 23254 12453 14532 13524 — 14352 31542 14235 — 35142 14325 13425 53412 — 13245 53421 13452 — 35241 13542 12354 35214 — Extre. 53124 15324 12345

and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading, the change is double on the two firſt and two laſt bells, the reſt of the double changes are on the four firſt. The treble is one of the two bells that makes every ſingle change except when it leads, and then the ſingle is made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the 1, then an extream is made behind. When the treble leaves the two firſt bells, they continue ſlow dogding until treble comes down and diſplaceth them. Every bell (except the treble) lieth twice in the 3d place.

The Morning Star. 1 and 2.

THE treble hath a direct hunting courſe as in plain changes; and every time it hunts up, it makes two ſingles together, and the like when it hunts down: when it leads the ſingle is behind, but when 2 lies next it an extream is made in the 3d and 4th places. Every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two firſt and two laſt bells, and every bell except the treble leads four times together.

12345 51432 14523 15243 — 21354 54132 14532 — 14253 23154 54312 — 13425 14235 23514 53421 12354 13452 — 25341 35241 extre. — 15324 52431 32514 12534 12543 15342 54213 32154 — extre. — 54123 31254 14352 12453 12435 51423 13245 14325 — extre. 15432 13254 — 13542 12345 15423 — 15234 13524

The Quiriſter. 1 and 2.

THis peal conſiſts moſt of double changes; the treble hath a direct hunting courſe as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it makes a ſingle in the 3d and 4th places; 12345 32514 15234 21354 35241 15243 23145 53421 — 23415 54312 14352 24351 54132 14325 42531 51423 — 45213 15432 12543 45123 15423 extre. 41532 51432 12453 14523 54123 — 14532 54213 15324 41523 52431 15342 45132 25341 — 45312 23514 14253 43521 23154 14235 34251 21345 — 32415 12354 13542 32145 extre. 13524 31254 12534 — 13245 — 12435 13254 13425 extre. 31245 13452 12345 32154 —

and when it leads, the ſingle is behind, but when 2 lies next it an extream is made in the 3d and 4th places.

When the treble leaves the two hind bells, they continue dodging untill it comes up again and diſplaceth them, and then they hunt directly down; the firſt to lead, and the other into the 2d place: that which moves to lead, having lead four times, gives place to the treble; but when the Treble hath done leading it takes the treble's place again, and leads four times more and then hunts directly up; the other bell which moved down into the 2d place lies there twice, and then the Treble in hunting down moves it into the 3d place where it lies ſtill, untill the Treble in hunting up moves it back into the 2d place, where having lain twice it hunteth up. This Peal is as muſical, eaſie, and practical as any of this kind that ever was prickt.

The Faulcon. 1 and 2.

THis Peal conſiſts moſt of double changes. The treble hath a direct hunting courſe as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it makes a ſingle in the 3d and and 4th places, and when it leads a ſingle is alſo made there, but when 2 lies next it the extream is made behind. When the treble leaves the two firſt bells they continue there until it comes down again and diſplaceth them, but obferve, when the treble moves into the 5th place, and again from thence, the double is on the two firſt and two laſt bells, by means of which the two firſt bells then dodg, but before and after they lie ſtill. Every bell lies twice in the 3d place and then hunts up, except that which lies there when the treble leaves leading.

12345 53241 — 15243 21354 35421 14235 15423 23145 53412 14325 — 23415 53142 — 14532 32451 51324 13452 14352 23541 15342 13542 — 32514 15432 — 13425 32154 — 15324 13245 31245 14523 15234 — 13254 14253 — 12354 13524 — 12543 extre. 31542 12435 extre. 12345 35124 extre. 12534 35214 12453 —

Merry Andrew. 1 and 2.

ONE change is double, the next ſingle, and ſo by turns. The treble leads four times, lies behind four times, and twice in every other place. Every other bell leads four times. When the treble leaves the two hind-bells they continue dodging untill it comes up again and diſplaceth them. Every ſingle is made behind until the treble hinders, and then in the 2d and 3d places. When the treble leads and the 2d lies next it, then an extream is made in the 3d and 4th places.

When the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two firſt and two laſt bells, and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the four firſt.

12345 51423 23514 15243 21354 15432 32154 15234 21345 15423 32145 12543 23154 14532 31254 extre. 23145 14523 31245 12453 32415 41532 13254 — 34215 41523 13245 13542 32451 45132 12354 13524 34251 45123 extre. 15342 43521 54213 12534 15324 45321 52413 — — 43512 54231 14352 14235 45312 52431 14325 14253 54132 25341 13452 12435 54123 23541 13425 extre. 51432 25314 — 12345

May-day. 1 and 5.

ONE change is double, the next ſingle, and ſo by turns. When the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two firſt and two laſt bells; and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the four firſt.

The treble hath a conſtant dodging courſe, 12345 45132 12543 21354 41523 15234 23154 45123 12534 21345 54213 — 23145 54231 14352 32415 52413 13452 32451 52431 14325 34215 25341 Extre. 34251 25314 14235 43521 23541 — 43512 23514 15324 45321 32154 13524 45312 31254 15342 54132 32145 13542 51432 31245 — 54123 13254 12453 51423 12354 14253 15432 13245 12435 14532 Extre. Extre. 15423 13425 12345 14523 — 41532 15243

for in its hunting up it firſt makes a dodg in the ſecond and third places, and then another behind, and then it lies ſtill one change in the 5th place; then in its hunting down it makes another dodg behind, and alſo another in the 2d and 3d places, and then leads four times. So that the treble is one of the two bells that makes every ſingle until it leads, and then 'tis made in the 2d and 3d places, except when the 5th lies behind, and then an extream is made in the 3d and 4th places. When the treble leaves the two hind-bells they continue ſlow dodging, until it comes up agaiu and diſplaceth them. Every bell leads four times.

St. Dunſtan's Doubles. 1 and 2.

THE changes are all double except one ſingle every 2d time the treble leads, 12345 13245 12453 21354 — — 23145 15423 13542 32415 14532 15324 34251 — — 43521 12354 14235 45312 extre. ſingle. 54132 12534 14253 51423 — — 15432 14352 13524 14523 13425 15342 41532 — — 45123 15243 12435 54213 ſingle. Extre. 52431 15234 12345 25341 — 23514 14325 32154 13452 31245 — 13254 12543 ſingle. extre.

there being ſix in the peal. The treble is a perfect hunt; and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is made on the two firſt and two laſt bells, at which changes the bells in the 3d place lie ſtill and then move down, and the two hind-bells at the ſame time dodg: but at other times all the bells have a direct hunting courſe. When the treble leads, and the 2d lieth either in the 2d or 3d places, then a ſingle muſt always be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the 2d.

Church Doubles. 1 and 2.

THE changes are all double except ſix ſingles as the former. 12345 13254 14325 21435 ſingle. — 24153 13245 12543 42513 — Extre. 24531 14532 12453 42351 15423 — 24315 — 15324 42135 12354 13542 41253 Extre — 14523 12534 14235 15432 — ſingle. 51342 13425 14253 53124 14352 — 35214 — 15342 53241 15243 13524 35421 ſingle. — 53412 15234 12435 35142 — Extre. 31524 13452 12345

The treble is a perfect hunt; and every time it moves up into the 5th place, and alſo out of it, the double is then made on the two firſt and two laſt bells, at which time the bells in the 3d place do lie ſtill and then move up; and the two firſt bells at the ſame time dodg. When the treble leads, and the 2d lieth either in the 2d or 3d places, then a ſingle muſt always be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the 2d.

In this and the former peal the ſingles may be made in another manner, viz. when the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt lieth either in the 4th or 5th places, a ſingle muſt then be made betwixt the two next bells to the half-hunt; but at other times a double change to be made when the whole-hunt leads, as in the former way.

Stedman's Principle.

THE changes are all double, two ſingles excepted. One double is made on the two firſt and two laſt bells, the next on the four laſt, and ſo by turns ſucceſſively; excepting every ſixth change, which is double on the four firſt bells, and for diſtinction is called a Parting change. All the bells have a like courſe. The general method is this; the three firſt bells go the ſix changes, and the two hind-bells in the mean time dodg; then a Parting change is made which parts the two hind-bells, moving that in the fourth place down into the 3d, and that in the 3d place up into the 4th, and then the three firſt bells go the ſix again, the two hind-bells in the mean time dodging as before; and then another Parting change is made, and ſo ſucceſſively on. Every bell that comes behind continues there dodging ſix changes with one bell and ſix with another, and then in courſe the Parting change brings it down. One ſix cuts compaſs, the next doth not, and ſo by turns ſucceſſively. In the ſix which cut compaſs the two firſt bells of the three makes the firſt change of it, but in the other the two laſt of the three. By this method the peal will go ſixty changes, and to carry it on farther extreams muſt be made. An extream is made by the lying ſtill of two bells when in courſe they ſhould make a change, as before I have ſhewed more fully in the Introduction, pag. 90. but withall obſerving, that whereas in this peal the bells have all a like courſe, therefore they may all be termed extream bells, and conſequently the extreams to be made according to this general rule, viz. the firſt extream may be made by any two bells that are in courſe to make a change within the compaſs of the firſt ſixty changes of the peal; and the ſecond extream muſt be made according to this rule, Whatſoever two bells are dodging behind at the firſt extream, when the ſame two bells come to dodg there again, is a certain warning for the ſecond extream to be then made. And obſerve, how many changes the firſt extream is made from a parting change; ſo many likewiſe muſt the laſt extream be made after a Parting change alſo. And the ſingle and extream comes in courſe 12345 42135 52431 24513 51324 21354 41253 25341 42153 15342 23145 14523 52314 24135 13524 32415 41532 53241 21453 31542 23451 45123 35214 12435 35124 24315 54132 32541 14253 53142 42351 51423 23514 41235 35412 43215 15432 32154 14325 34521 34251 51342 31245 13452 43512 43521 53124 13254 31425 45321 45312 35142 extre. 34152 54312 54321 31524 13245 43125 53421 53412 13542 31254 41352 35241 35421 15324 32145 14532 53214 34512 51234 23415 41523 52341 43152 15243 32451 45132 25314 34125 12534 34215 54123 23541 31452 21543 43251 51432 32514 13425 25134 42315 15423 23154 14352 52143 24351 51243 21345 41325 25413 42531 52134 12354 14235 24531 45213 25143 extre. 12453 42513 54231 21534 12345 21435 45231 52413 12543 24153 54213 52134 15234

each of them to he made in the ſame place and by the ſame bells at the laſt extream, as they were at the firſt. Here the ſingles are made behind, and the extreams in the 2d and 3d places; and as the 4th and 5th bells do dodg behind at the firſt extream, ſo likewiſe when they come to dodg there again, the ſecond extream is then made, the treble leading at both of them, as appeareth in the peal • here prickt.

The firſt Parting change is here made the third change at the heginning, and that 〈◊〉 cuts compaſs.

In all the ſeveral ways of ringing this peal • if the Parting changes are made at the foreſtroke, as in courſe they are in this he •• prickt, then cutting compaſs is always on th • ſame ſixes, as in this peal: but when the Parting changes are made at back-ſtroke, then the contrary ſix always cuts compaſs to wha • doth here.

Peals upon Six Bells.

The ſingle Method.

THE changes are all ſingle, 123456 213456 213465 231465 231456 321456 324156 234156 234516 324516 324561 234561 235461 325461 325416 235416 235146 325146 321546 312546 312564 132564 132546 135246 135264 — 153642 153624 135624 135642 — 153426 153462 135462 135426 — 153264 153246 152346 152364 — 125643 125634 126534 126543 — 162435 162453 164253 164235 — 146352 146325 164325 164352 — 146523 146532 164532 164523 — 146235 146253 142653 142635 — 124356 124365 123465 123456 and treble is the hunt. When the treble moves up out of the 2d place, the two firſt bells continue ſlow dodging untill the treble comes there again. And when the treble moves down out of the fourth place, the two hind-bells likewiſe continue ſlow dodging until the treble comes there again. When the treble leads, (if 'tis rung at half-pulls) the foreſtroke change (that is, at the third ſtroke of the treble's leading) is made in the 3d and 4th places, the reſt of the changes there are made hehind. By this method it will go ſixſcore changes.

To ring 240. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt dodgeth behind; the foreſtroke change muſt then be made in the 2d and 3d places, as in this here prickt, where the 2d is the half-hunt, and there are little marks ſet at the fore-ſtroke changes.

To ring 360. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half and quarter-hunts dodg behind, the fore-ſtroke change muſt then be made in the 2d and 3d places as hefore.

To ring 720. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt dodgeth behind, the foreſtroke change muſt then he made in the 2d and 3d places as hefore, except the quarterhunt dodgeth there with the half-hunt, and then in the 3d and 4th places as at other times. The 2d and 4th, or the 2d and 6th may he the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleaſure.

Note, in all the following peals upon ſix bells, the bobs are double changes, and always made at the leadings of the whole hunt (except Nonſuch Bob, for there the Bobs are made at the change wherein the whole-hunt goeth to lead, and not when it doth lead.) And whereas in the following peals the directions for calling bob runs thus; viz. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a Bob muſt then be made, &c. 'tis there implied, That whereas every time the whole-hunt leads, the two hindbells then dodg; therefore when the halfhunt dodgeth there at the leading of the whole-hunt, a bob muſt then be made. And in like manner alſo muſt all the bobs in the following peals be made at the leading of the whole-hunt. He that rings the half-hunt may beſt call bob in all peals.

A Cure for Melancholly.

DOubles and Singles. The Treble is the whole-hunt, which leads four times, lieth behind as many, and twice in every other place. When it moves up out of the fourth place, the two bells in the third and fourth places continue dodging until it comes down there again, and then the two hindbells dodg until the Treble diſplaceth them. The Treble is one of the bells which maketh every double change, except when it lieth ſtill behind, and then the double is on the four firſt, and alſo when it leads the double is on the four laſt. 123456 134625 213465 — 213456 162345 231465 162354 231456 163245 234165 163254 234156 — 243516 125634 245316 125643 243561 126534 245361 126543 423561 — 425361 154263 423516 154236 425316 152463 452136 152436 452163 — 451236 143526 451263 143562 415236 bob 415263 134526 145236 134562 145263 — 142536 156423 142563 156432 — bob 156423 165423 156432 165432 bob — 165423 132654 165432 132645 — 136254 143652 136245 143625 — bob 124365 134652 124356

Every ſingle is made in the fifth and ſixth places, except when the Treble lieth there, and then in the third and fourth places. Every bell except the Treble lieth four times in the ſecond place. By this method it will go ſixſcore changes, but by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. The bob is a double change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill.

To ring 240. Every time the half hunt dodgeth behind, a bob muſt then be made as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob muſt then be made, except the quarterhunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

2 may be the half hunt, 123465 123456 and 4 the quarter hunt, or others at pleaſure.

The Morning Exerciſe.

DOubles and ſingles. 123456 — 142365 213465 164352 142356 213456 164325 — 231465 bob 146532 231456 163452 146523 234165 163425 bob 234156 — 145632 243516 165243 145623 243561 165234 — 245316 156243 143265 245361 156234 143256 254631 — 134265 254613 154326 134256 256431 154362 — 256413 bob 136524 265143 153426 136542 265134 153462 bob 261543 — 135624 261534 152643 135642 216543 152634 — 216534 125643 132465 126543 125634 132456 126534 — 123465 162543 124365 123456 162534 124356

treble is the whole hunt, and hunteth up into the 2d, 3d, and 4th places, lying twice in each; then having made a dodg behind, it lyeth ſtill in the ſixth place, and then makes another dodg behind, and ſo hunts down in the ſame manner as it hunted up, and then leads four times. When the Treble moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-bells dodg untill it comes up there again; during which time the bell in the 4th place lieth ſtill. And when the Treble moves up out of the ſecond place, each bell that comes there lieth four times, until the Treble comes down there again. Every ſingle is made behind. By this method it will go 120 changes; and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 270. At the bobs the bell in the 2d place always lieth ſtill.

To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob muſt then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the halfhunt.

The warning for the bobs in the 360 and 720, is the ſame with that in the peal next before: 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleaſure.

The City Delight.

DOubles and Singles. Treble is the wholehunt, and lieth four times before, four times behind, and twice in every other place. When it moves up out of the third place, the ſingles are made in the ſecond and third places until it comes there again, and then behind until it moves up again out of the third place. When it moves down out of the fourth place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes up there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the ſecond place always lieth ſtill; and the warning for them is the ſame with that in the two laſt peals. In the 240 here prickt, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarterhunts, or others at pleaſure.

123456 265143 153462 126534 143256 213465 256143 — 126543 134265 213456 251634 156234 — 134256 231465 251643 156243 124365 — 231456 215634 165234 124356 135642 234165 215643 165243 142365 135624 243165 125634 — 142356 bob 234615 125643 164352 — 136542 243615 152634 164325 145623 136524 246351 152643 bob 145632 — 264351 — 163452 bob 132465 246531 154326 163425 146523 132456 264531 154362 — 146532 123465 265413 bob 162534 — 123456 256413 153426 162543 143265

London Nightingale.

DOubles and Singles. Treble is the wholehunt, and lieth four times before, four times behind and twice in every other place. 123456 — 163245 213465 126543 163254 213456 126534 — 231465 162543 125634 231456 162534 125643 234165 — 152634 234156 153624 152643 243516 153642 — 423516 bob 164523 243561 156324 164532 423561 156342 bob 245361 — 165423 425361 134562 165432 245316 134526 — 425316 — 143652 452136 135462 143625 452163 135426 bob 451236 — 146352 451263 142356 146325 415236 142365 — 415263 124356 132465 145236 124365 132456 145263 — 123465 154236 136245 123456 154263 136254

When it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells continue dodging until it comes there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill. And when the two hind-bells leave dodging then the two firſt bells dodg until the hind-bells dodg again, and then they ceaſe. By this method it will go 120; and by making of bobs it will 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the ſecond place always lyeth ſtill; and the warning for them is the ſame with that in the preceding peals- In the 240 here prickt, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts or others at pleaſure.

The Evening Delight.

DOubles and Singles. Treble is the wholehunt and leads four times, lies behind four times, and twice in every other place, 123456 — 213465 146253 231465 164253 213645 bob 231645 146235 236154 164235 263154 — 236514 162453 263514 126453 265341 bob 256341 162435 265431 126435 256431 — 254613 124653 245613 142653 254163 124563 245163 142563 241536 — 214536 145236 241356 154236 214356 145326 124365 154326 142365 — 124635 153462 142635 135462

except in the 2d and 3d places where it makes a dodg every time it hunts up and down. Every other bell hath the ſame courſe with the whole-hunt; but obſerving, when they come down and have made a dodg in the ſecond and third places, they lie ſtill one change in the ſecond place, and then make another dodg there, and ſo hunt up as the Treble did. But note, when the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the bells in the third and fourth places he ſtill. Every ſingle is made in the ſecond and third places, and every bell lieth four times behind. By this method thod it will go 120. 153642 165342 135642 156342 — — 136524 153624 163524 135624 bob 153264 136542 135264 163542 — — 132546 165324 123546 156324 132456 bob 123456

and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bob-change, the bell in the 4th place always lieth ſtill.

To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the ſecond and third places a bob muſt then be made, as in this here prickt, where 6 is the half-hunt.

To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together in the ſecond and third places, a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the 2d and 3d places a bob muſt then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

In the 360 or 720, the 6 and 5 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or elſe 2 and 4, or others at pleaſure.

Colledge Doubles.

TReble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting courſe. When it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again; during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill: 123456 156234 213465 165243 231456 — 234165 164352 243615 bob 246351 163425 264531 — 265413 162534 256143 126543 251634 — 215643 124365 125634 142356 152643 — 512634 145623 521643 bob 526134 146532 562314 — 563241 143265 536421 134256 534612 — 543162 135642 541326 bob 514362 136524 154326 — bob 132465 153462 123456 —

but otherwiſe the five hind-bells have a direct hunting courſe. By this method it will go ſixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, 360. At the bob-changes the bell in the ſecond place always lieth ſtill.

To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob muſt then be made; as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together behind, a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob muſt then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

In the 180 or 360, 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleaſure.

By making of two extreams the 360 may be doubled. They are to be made according to the rules in the Introduction, pag. 90.

Non-ſuch Bob.

DOubles. Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting courſe. When it moves up out of the third place, 123456 532641 213465 352614 231456 532164 234165 531246 324615 513264 234651 153624 324561 156342 234516 516324 324156 561342 321465 563124 312456 653214 132546 563241 135264 653421 315246 563412 351264 653142 352146 651324 532416 615342 352461 bob 165324 543162 163542 453612 613524 543621 631542 453261 635124 543216 365214 453126 635241 451362 365421 415326 635412 145236 365142 142563 361524 412536 316542 421563 bob 425136 136524 245316 135642 425361 315624 245631 351642 425613 356124 245163 536214 241536 356241 214563 536421 124653 356412 126435 536142 216453 531624 261435 513642 264153 153462 624513 154326 264531 514362 624351 541326 264315

the bell that comes there lieth ſtill until the Treble comes down there again; during which time the two firſt bells dodg. When the Treble leaves the two hind-bells, they dodg until the change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, and then one of them moves down; but as ſoon as that change is made, the two hindbells dodg again until the Treble moves up and parts them. Every time the Treble leads, the double is made on the four hind-bells throughout the peal. By this method it will go ſixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. The bob is always made at the change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, the two firſt and two laſt bells making it.

To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth before, is a warning for a bob to be made the next time the whole-hont goeth to lead; as in this here prickt, where 6 is the half-hunt.

To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together before, is a warning for a bob to be made when next the Treble goeth to lead.

To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth before, is a warning for a bob to be made the next time the Treble goeth to lead, 624135 621453 612435 bob 162453 164235 614253 641235 642153 462513 &c. except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

In the 180 and 360, the 6 may be the half-hunt and 5 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleaſure.

By making of two extreams the 360 may be doubled; they muſt be made according to the rule in the Introduction, pag. 90.

The bobs in this peal may alſo be made at the leadings of the whole-hunt as in other peals, and the bell in the fourth place to lie ſtill at every bob-change. The warning for them in the 120, 180, and 360 being the ſame with that in the Colledge Doubles, pag. 143.

London Doubles.

THE Treble is the whole-hunt; and hath a direct hunting courſe. When it moves down out of the fifth place the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill. When the Treble is behind, the two firſt bells make a change; but at other times the leading bell lieth ſtill. By this method it will go ſixty changes, and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At the bob-changes the bell in the ſecond place always lieth ſtill. The warning for the bobs in the 120, 180, and 360, is the ſame with that in Colledge Doubles, p. 143. By making of two extreams it will go 720. The extreams muſt be made according to the rule in the Introduction, pag. 90.

In the 120 here prickt, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 180 and 360, 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleaſure.

123456 541263 156342 — 213465 542136 — 164523 231456 524316 134562 bob 234165 523461 bob 165432 243615 253641 135426 — 246351 256314 — 143652 426531 265134 242356 bob 425613 261543 124365 146325 452163 216534 — — 451236 126543 136245 132465 415263 162534 163254 123456 145236 — — 154263 153624 125634 514236 bob 152643

Triples, Doubles, and Singles. 123456 153462 214365 bob 241635 135426 246135 — 264315 153246 623451 152364 632541 — 365214 125634 356124 126543 351624 — 315264 162453 132546 164235 135264 — 312546 146325 321456 bob 324156 164352 342516 — 435261 146532 453621 bob 546312 164523 564132 — 561432 146253 516342 142635 153624 — bob 124365 135642 123456 —

Triples, Doubles, and Singles dodging behind. 123456 162345 214365 126354 241356 — 243156 156423 234516 bob 325461 154632 352641 — 536214 134256 563124 143265 561324 — 516342 163542 153624 136524 135642 — 316524 126435 361542 bob 365142 124653 356412 — 534621 154326 543261 145362 452316 — 425136 165243 421536 bob 412563 162534 145236 — bob 132465 142563 123456 —

Doubles, and Triples. 123456 152364 214365 125346 241356 — 243165 165432 234615 bob 326451 164523 362541 — 635214 134256 653124 143265 651342 — 615324 153624 163542 135652 136524 — 315642 125463 351624 bob 356142 124536 365412 — 634521 164352 643251 146325 462325 — 426135 156284 421653 bob 452635 152648 146253 — bob 132465 142635 123456 — —

Single Bob. 123456 134562 214365 135426 241635 — 426153 125634 462513 bob 645231 1526 •• 462531 — 645213 142356 654123 143265 561432 — 516342 163542 153624 165324 156342 — 513624 125463 531264 bob 352146 152436 325416 — 234561 132654 325461 136245 234516 — 243156 146532 421365 bob 412635 164523 146253 — bob 124365 164235 123456 —

London Bob. 123456 — 214365 162534 241356 126543 423165 — 432615 145623 346251 bob 436521 146532 345612 — 354162 135642 531426 bob 513462 136524 154326 — bob 125634 153462 152643 — — 164352 146253 bob 164235 163425 — — 132465 124365 123456 142356 — 153246 135264

City Bob. 123456 163425 214365 bob 241035 136452 426153 — 462513 163254 645231 162345 465321 — 643512 126543 634152 125634 361425 — 316245 152436 132654 154263 136245 — 312654 145362 321564 bob 235146 154326 253416 — 524361 145623 254631 bob 526413 154 • 32 562143 — 651234 145236 615324 142563 163542 — bob 124365 136524 123456 —

Theſe ſix peals will each of them go ſixty changes without any bob, and by making of bobs each of them will go 120, 180, and 360. In three of them, viz. Triples Doubles and Singles, Single-bob, and City-bob, at the bob-changes the bell in the fourth place always lyeth ſtill; whereas at the reſt of the changes which are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the bell in the ſecond place lieth ſtill. And in the other three peals, viz. Triples doubles and ſingles dodging behind, Doubles and Triples, and London Bob, at the bob-changes the bell in the ſecond place always lieth ſtill, whereas at the reſt of the changes that are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill. The warning for the bobs in the 120, 180, and 360, in each of theſe ſix peals is the ſame with that in the 120, 180, and 360 in Colledge Doubles, p. 143. Each of theſe peals will go 720 with two extreams, which muſt be made according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90.

In the 120 of each there prickt, viz. in City Bob, London Bob, and Triples doubles and ſingles, the 2 is the half-hunt, and in the other three peals the 3 is the half-hunt.

In the 180 and 360 of each peal, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleaſure.

New Bob.

TRiples and Doubles. The general method of this Peal is the ſame with Grandſire Bob, and the bobs alſo made as in that peal. It will go 120, 180, or 240, and by making of two extreams it will go 360 or 480; and with ſix ſingles it will go 720.

To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together behind, a bob muſt then be made; and by making of two extreams it will go 360. The firſt extream may be made at the firſt, ſecond, or third bob; obſerving to make the ſecond extream at the third following bob from the firſt extream, where the ſingles in both muſt be made behind.

To ring 720. The bobs throughout the peal are made by the ſame rule as in the 120; but farther obſerving, when the whole and half-hunts come together before, if the quarter-hunt lieth either in the third or fourth places, then a ſingle muſt be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the quarter-hunt.

The 2 may be the half-hunt and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleaſure.

Colledge Little Bob, dodging behind.

TRiples and Doubles. •• 3456 162345 •• 4365 126354 241356 — 423165 156423 432615 bob 346251 154632 364521 — 635412 134256 653142 143265 561324 — 516342 163542 153624 136524 135642 — 316524 126435 361542 bob 635124 124653 653214 — 562341 154326 526431 145362 254613 — 245163 165243 421536 bob 412563 162534 145236 — bob 132465 142563 123456 —

The Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting courſe. When it moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again. All the bells have a direct hunting courſe, but obſerving, that when any bell moves up into the fourth place, if the Treble is then any where below it, it lies there twice, and then moves down again. By this method it will go ſixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At every bob-change the bell in the ſecond place lieth ſtill. The warning for the bobs is the ſame with that in Colledge Doubles, pag. 143. And the two extreams in the 720 muſt be made according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90.

In the 120 here prickt, 3 is the half-hunt; and in the 180 or 360, 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleaſure.

This peal in practice will be found very plain and eaſie, and alſo good Muſick.

Colledge Little Bob, dodging before and behind.

TRriples and Doubles. 123456 bob 214365 156342 241356 — 423165 134562 243615 bob 426351 135426 246531 — 425613 142356 245163 124365 421536 — 412563 136245 145236 163254 154263 — 512436 125634 521463 152643 254136 — 524316 164523 253461 bob 523641 165432 256314 — 526134 143652 251643 bob 215634 146325 126543 — 162534 132465 — 123456 153624

The The Treble hath a direct hunting courſe, and when it moves up out of the ſecond place, the two firſt bells dodg until it comes there again; and alſo when it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell that moves up into the fourth place, if the Treble is any where below it, lies there twice and then hunts down; and alſo every bell that moves down into the third place, if the Treble is any where above it, lieth there twice, and then hunts up behind. By this method it will go ſixty changes, and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At every bob-change the bell in the ſecond place lieth ſtill. The 2 is the half-hunt in the 120 here prickt, and 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts in the 120 and 360, or others at pleaſure.

The warning for the bobs is the ſame with that in the Colledge Doubles, p. 143. And the two extreams in the 720 muſt be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, page 90.

Court Bob.

TRiples and Doubles. The Treble hath a direct hunting courſe. Every bell that comes before and behind makes a Dodg, then lieth ſtill, and ſo moves away, except the bell that lieth ſtill behind when the treble leads, and alſo that bell which leads when the Treble lieth behind, both which do dodg before and after their lying ſtill, and then move away. When the treble leads and lieth behind, the double is made on the four middle bells. By this method it will go ſixty changes; and with bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At the bob-changes the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill.

To ring 120. 123456 165324 214365 156234 241356 — 423165 143265 243615 134625 426351 — 462531 152643 645213 bob 465123 125634 641532 — 614523 143652 165432 134562 156342 — 513634 126543 531642 bob 356124 162534 536214 — 352641 143526 325461 134256 234516 — 324156 165243 231465 156423 213456 — 124365 132495 bob bob 142356 123456 —

Every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the wholehunt, a bob muſt then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 180. Every time the half and quarterhunts make a change together next the wholehunt, a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the wholehunt a bob muſt then be made, except when a quarter-hunt makes a change there with it, and then not.

In the 180 and 360 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleaſure. The two extreams in the 720 muſt be made according to the rule in the Introduction. The firſt extream may be made either the firſt, ſecond, or third time that the half and quarter-hunts make a change together in the ſecond and third places at the leading of the whole-hunt; and then the ſecond extream muſt be made the third time following that thoſe two bells make a change there again, the extreams being there made in the fourth and fifth places, and the ſingles in the ſecond and third places.

Every time the Treble leads, the double may as well be made on the four hind-bells, and the bobs to be made as before; but the warning for them the ſame with Colledge Doubles.

Five Colledge Bobs.

IN theſe five peals the Treble is the wholehunt, and hath a like dodging courſe in all of them. The general method of the five peals is as follows: viz.

Colledge Bob the firſt. When the Treble moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts up into the fourth place, unleſs the dodging courſe of the Treble hinders it, where it lieth twice and then moves down again; except the bell that dodged with the Treble before, and alſo that which leads when the Treble lieth ſtill behind, both which hunt directly up. When the Treble moves down from dodging in the third and fourth places, the bell that dodged there with it continues in thoſe two places, lying twice together in each by turns until the Treble comes to dodg there with it again.

Colledge Bob the ſecond. Every bell when it comes to lead makes a dodg before, then it lyeth ſtill one change, then it makes another dodg, and ſo moves up into the fourth place where it lieth ſtill twice, and then down again; except it dodgeth with the Treble in the fourth place, and then it hunts up behind. But when the Treble moves down out of the third place, the two bells in the third and fourth places continue there until the Treble comes up there again, during which time the two hind-bells dodg.

Colledge Bob the third. When the Treble leaves leading, the two firſt bells dodg until it comes to lead again; except when the Treble dodgeth behind, for then the two firſt bells lie ſtill. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they lie ſtill one change, dodg the next, and ſo by turns until the treble comes there again. The two middle bells always dodg until the Treble hindereth them. Colledge Bob the Firſt. 123456 435216 214365 &c. 124356 163542 213465 bob. 231456 165324 324165 — 321456 123564 234165 bob. 243615 125346 426351 — 462315 143526 643251 134562 634521 — 365412 165432 365421 156423 534612 — 543162 124653 451326 142635 453162 — 541326 136245 514362 bob. 153426 132654 513462 — 154326 156234 145362 bob. 413526 152643 143562 — 415326 146253 451362 164235 543126 — 541362 132465 453126 123456

Colledge Bob the Second. 123456 543216 214365 &c. 124356 153624 213465 bob 231645 135642 326154 — 231654 153462 326145 bob 362415 135426 634251 — 364215 153246 632451 152364 623541 — 265314 125634 625341 126543 263514 — 236154 162453 321645 164235 236145 — 321654 146325 312564 bob 135246 164352 315264 — 132546 146532 135264 bob 312546 164523 132564 — 315246 146253 351426 142635 534162 — 351462 124365 534126 123456

Colledge Bob the Third. 123456 462513 214365 &c. 123465 165432 214356 bob 241365 156423 423156 — 241356 143526 423165 bob 243615 134562 426351 — 423615 152364 246351 153246 423651 — 246315 126543 243651 125634 426315 — 246135 164235 421653 162453 246153 — 421635 143652 412653 bob 146235 134625 412635 — 146253 165324 142635 bob 416253 156342 142653 — 416235 132546 461253 135264 642135 — 461235 124365 642153 123456

Colledge Bob the Fourth. 123456 462513 214365 &c. 124356 165432 213465 bob 231456 156423 324165 — 321456 143526 234165 bob 243615 134562 426351 — 246315 152364 423651 153246 246351 — 423615 126543 243651 125634 426315 — 462135 164235 641253 162453 642135 — 461253 143652 416235 bob 142653 134625 412635 — 146253 165324 142635 bob 416253 156342 146235 — 412653 132546 421635 135264 246153 — 241635 124365 426153 123456

Colledge Bob the Fifth. 123456 632514 214365 &c. 124356 163542 213465 bob 231456 136524 324165 — 321456 163425 234165 bob 324615 136452 236451 — 234615 163254 326451 162345 234651 — 326415 126543 324651 125634 236415 — 326145 152436 231654 154263 236145 — 321654 145362 312645 bob 136254 154326 316245 — 132654 145623 136245 bob 312654 154632 132645 — 316254 145236 361245 142563 632154 — 631245 124365 362154 123456

Colledge Bob the fourfh. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again; and then the two firſt bells dodg until the Treble gives way for the two hind bells to dodg again, and then the two firſt bells ceaſe dodging.

Colledge Bob the fifth. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again. And when it leaves the two firſt bells they lie ſtill one change, dodg the next, and ſo by turns until it comes down there again; during which time the bells in the third and fourth places dodg except when the Treble hindereth them.

By theſe methods each of them will go 120 changes, and by making of bobs they will go 240, 360, or 720. In the firſt of them the bell in the ſecond place lieth ſtill at the bob-changes, and in the other four the bell in the fourth place always lieth ſtill.

To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob muſt then be made, as in theſe peals here prickt; where, in the firſt peal the 4 is the half-hunt, and in the other four peals the 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob muſt then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

In the 360 or 720 of each peal the 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleaſure.

The Experiment.

TRiples and Doubles. The Treble is the whole-hunt, but never hunteth up farther than the fourth place, for the four firſt bells go Doubles and Singles; and every time the Treble leads an extream is made in the third and fourth places, according to the common courſe of doubles and ſingles upon four bells; which courſe of doubles and ſingles muſt be continued, the two hind bells in the mean time dodging, until the making of the firſt Parting change, which will ſeparate the two hind bells; and then the four firſt bells go the ſame courſe of doubles and ſingles again, the two hind bells dodging as before, until the making of the ſecond Parting change, and ſo ſucceſſively. The Parting change is a double change on the four middle bells, and made at the leading of the Treble. The firſt Parting change may be made either at the firſt ſecond or third leading of the Treble, obſerving, that whatſoever bell in the firſt Parting change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the ſecond Parting change muſt then be made. And whatſoever bell in the ſecond Parting change moves down to the Treble when the Treble leads, and that bell lieth next it again, the third Parting change muſt then be made, and ſo ſucceſſively. There being five Parting changes in the Peal, and as many half-hunts, each of the bells (the Treble excepted) taking that place one after another; and conſequently, the five perſons that • ing them muſt call the Parting changes one after another as their turn comes, according to the aforeſaid rule.

Changes upon Seven Bells.

THE methods upon five may be prickt upon ſeven, obſerving but the true diſſerence of proportion in the changes; that is doubles upon five bells muſt be triples upon ſeven; doubles and ſingles upon five muſt be triples and doubles upon ſeven, &c.

Plain Triples.

ALL the bells have a direct hunting courſe. 1234567 2143657 2416375 4261735 4627153 6472513 6745231 7654321 7563412 5736142 5371624 351726 • 3152746 1325476 All peals upon ſix bells wherein half the changes are triples, will go upon ſeven according to this method here prickt; two of the changesupon ſix being always made at the leadings of the Treble, the ſix hindmoſt bells making them: the firſt is a triple change brought in by the courſe of the bells, and the next muſt either be double or ſingle according to the method of the changes upon ſix.

Dodging Triples.

TRiples and Doubles upon ſix may alſo go upon ſeven, according to this method here prickt, but in the ſame manner as the ſonner.

1234567 2143576 2415367 4251376 4523167 5432617 4523671 5432761 4523716 5432176 5341267 3514276 3152467 1325476 1352746

Colledge. Bob Triples.

EVery time the Treble leaves leading, 1234567 2135476 2314567 3241657 3426175 4362715 4637251 6473521 6745312 7654132 7561423 5716243 5172634 1527364 1253746 the bell in the third place lieth ſtill, whilſt the four hind bells dodg; but otherwiſe all the bells have a direct hunting courſe as Plain Triples. By this method it will go ſeventy changes, and by making of bobs it will go 350. The rule for the bobs is this; when the Treble goeth to lead, if the half-hunt lying before gives it place, then a bob muſt be made at that change, wherein the bell in the third place lieth ſtill, and the four hind bells dodg; ſo that at every bob the four hind bells make two dodges before they part. By making of two extreams it will go 700, and with four extreams it will go 1400. But by making of intervening bobs it will go 700 compleat triples without any extream; 1400 with two extreams, and 2800 with four extreams. Any bell may be made a half-hunt.

Colledge Bob, Triples: the ſecond way. 1234567 2135476 2314567 3241576 3425167 4352617 4536271 5463721 5647312 6574132 6751423 7615243 7162534 1726354 1273645 2176354 2713645 7231654 7326145 3762415 3674251

when the Treble leaves leading, the two hind bells dodg until Treble parts them; but in all other reſpects 'tis the ſame with the former, and the bobs made in the ſame manner, and by the ſame rule as in that peal, and it will go as many changes alſo as that.

Colledge Triples, dodging behind. 1234567 2143576 2415367 4251376 4523167 5432617 5346271 3564721 3657412 6375142 6731524 7613542 7165324 1756342 1753624 7135642 7316524 3761542 3675124 6357214 6532741 Colledge Triples, dodging before and behind. 1234567 2143576 2415367 4251376 2453167 4235617 2436571 4263751 2467315 4276135 2471653 4217635 4126753 1462735 1467253 4176235 4712653 7421635 4726153 7462513 4765231

Each of theſe two peals by the method here prickt will go Eighty four changes; and then when the Treble leads, and the half-hunt lieth next it, a Parting change being then made, they will go 420. And by making of bobs they will go 5040. 2 may be the half-hunt, or any other at pleaſure. The Parting change is a double on the four middlemoſt of the ſix hind bells.

'Tis plainly demonſtrable, that he Principle upon five may go 420 triples upon ſeven, which is a twelfth part; 840, which is a ſixth part; or 1260, which is a fourth part of the whole, and the utmoſt period of triple changes. And then by making of four extreams it may go 5040, the compleat peal.

Great variety of peals may be prickt upon ſeven: as Triples, Triples and Doubles, Triples Doubles and Singles; Doubles, Doubles and Singles, &c. But changes upon ſeven being ſeldom practiſed, I will therefore forbear to waſt more paper in pricking down examples, and proceed to the changes on eight.

Changes upon Eight Bells.

SIxſcores upon five bells are commonly rung upon eight, three bells lying behind. The moſt muſical to lie behind are 218, 418, 148, 248, 348, 468, 648, 548, 864, 241, 321. and 135 to be laid behind, and then 1 and 3 to dodg throughout the peal. And alſo 184 to be laid behind, and to go the ſix changes thus, 814. 841. 481. 418. 148. 184. 814. &c. and ſo on to the end of the ſixſcore. They may go the ſixes either at whole or half-pulls. Peals upon ſix, as Triples and Doubles, &c. make exceeding good muſick upon Eigh • . 48. 68. 41. or 18. lying behind. Or elſe Triples and doubles upon the ſix middle bells, the Treble leading, and the Tenor lying behind. And alſo Triples upon ſeven, the Tenor lying behind. But for ſuch as have not yet attain'd the skill to ring theſe compleat peals, Sett-changes are very proper for them, being eaſie and rung with little difficulty.

Colledge Grounds.

THE grounds of theſe ſett-changes are of two kinds. Firſt, placing of the bells Fifths, or ſecondly Thirds. To place them fifths; the 4 muſt hunt up behind the 7, the 3 behind the 6, and the 2 behind the 5. Or elſe the 5 may hunt down under the 2, the 6 under 3, and the 7 under 4. Or otherwiſe, firſt a ſingle, then a double, and then a triple change to be made on the middlemoſt bells, all which are to one effect; for then the bells will lie fifths thus, 15. 26. 37. 48. Here are four Concords to be chiefly regarded in the peal. The firſt is 15. the ſecond 26. the third 37. and the fourth is 48. Theſe four Concords may go the methods of any changes upon four bells; 1.5 being taken for the Treble, 2.6 for the Second, 3.7 for the Third, and 4.8 for the Fourth; and the Concords to change places with each other at pleaſure. Wherein 'tis obſervable, that the two notes of every Concord muſt conſtantly attend each other in their motion; that is, whenſoever one of the two notes moves, the other muſt follow it. For example: admit they were to go the twenty four changes, and that 1.5 were to hunt up over 2.6, 3.7, and 4.8. firſt therefore it muſt move up over 2.6, wherein it makes four changes: for firſt, the 5 moves up over the 2 thus, 12563748, the 1 muſt follow it thus, 2156.37.48. Then the 5 moves up over 6.2165.37.48. the 1 follows it again 26.15.37.48; here the two Concords have made a change. In which manner alſo 1.5 muſt move up over 3.7. and 4.8. And in this manner are the Concords to move and change places with each other throughout the peal. Or ſecondly, to place the bells thirds, the 64 and 2 muſt hunt up, or elſe the 3 5 7 down; or otherwiſe a triple, a double, and a ſingle change to be made on on the middlemoſt bells; all which are to one and the ſame effect, for then the bells will lie thirds thus, 13.57.24.68. Here are alſo four Concords principally to be regarded in the peal: the firſt is 1.3, the ſecond 5.7, the third 2.4, and the fourth 6.8. Theſe four Concords may alſo go the methods of any changes upon four bells, 1.3 being taken for the treble, 5.7 for the ſecond, 2.4 for the third, and 6.8 for the fourth, and they muſt move in the ſame manner as before I have ſhewed. By theſe Grounds great variety of excellent and Muſical changes are to be rung. If they go the twenty four, then the peal will conſiſt of four times that number, that is, ninety ſix changes. But they may go only the firſt eight changes of the twenty four, and then the peal will conſiſt of thirty two. Or elſe the firſt eight changes of a twenty four doubles and Singles, which will conſiſt of forty eight if the double changes of the twenty four are ſingled, otherwiſe but thirty two as before. Any Concord may be made a hunt, and to move either up or down at the beginning: ſo that theſe Grounds afford great diverſity. In the ringing of theſe Sett-changes the notes will lie ſometimes fifths, ſometimes thirds, and ſometimes thirds and fifths, and then 'tis pleaſant Muſick to Clam them, that is, the two notes of each Concord to ſtrike together; and if they are clam'd true, the eight bells will ſtrike as if they were but four, but with far greater harmony. They may Clam two or three bouts, and then ſtrike open as many, and ſo alternately; or elſe they may Clam one pull, open the next, and ſo on. To reduce the notes of the fifths to their right places again at the concluſion of the peal, either 2 3 4 muſt hunt down, or elſe 7 6 5 up; or otherwiſe a Triple double and ſingle change to be made on the middlemoſt bells, all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells round. To reduce the thirds, either move down 246 into their places, or elſe move up 7 5 3 into theirs; or otherwiſe make a ſingle, double, and triple change on the middlemoſt bells; all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells again round.

The methods of all peals upon ſix bells may be prickt upon eight, obſerving but proportion in the changes, according to the difference in the number of bells, viz. Triples and doubles upon ſix muſt be quadruples and triples upon eight. Doubles upon ſix muſt be Triples upon eight, &c.

Bob Major.

PLain Quadruples and Triples. All the bells have a direct hunting courſe until the Treble leads, and then the ſix hindmoſt bells dodg. 12345678 21436587 24163857 42618375 46281735 64827153 68472513 86745231 87654321 78563412 75836142 57381624 53718264 35172846 31527486 13254768 13527486 By this method it will go 112. And by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth ſtill.

To ring 224. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 336. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 672. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob muſt then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleaſure.

By making of two extreams it will go 1344, and with four extreams it will go 2688.

All peals upon ſix bells wherein half the changes are triples, will go upon eight according to the method before prickt, but after this manner. If it is a peal upon ſix, which conſiſts of 360 or 720 changes, then in the ringing of it upon eight there muſt be five hunts. The Treble may be the firſt hunt; 2 the ſecond &c. Now the method of the peal muſt go on according to that before prickt until the Treble leads, and the 2 lie next it, and then two of the changes upon ſix are always made, the ſix hind bells making them: the firſt is always a triple change brought in by the courſe of the bells thus, 12436587, and the ſecond either double or ſingle according to the method upon ſix; and the third fourth and fifth Hunts in eight, are the whole half and quarter-hunts in the changes upon ſix, By this method it will go 40320 compleat, but then every 112th change will be a double, and ſometimes ſingle in ſome peals. The bells may be brought round at 672 in ſome peals, but in others not till 1344.

Colledge Bob-Major.

QƲadruples and Triples. The firſt hath ſingle dodging behind; the ſecond ſingle dodging before and behind; the third The firſt. The ſecond. The third. The fourth. 12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678 21436587 21436587 21436587 21436587 24163578 24163578 24135678 24135678 42615387 42615387 42316587 42316587 46251378 24651378 43261578 24361578 64523187 42563187 34625187 42635187 65432817 24536817 36452817 24365817 56348271 42358671 63548271 42638571 53684721 24385761 65384721 24368751 35867412 42837516 56837412 42637815 38576142 24873156 58673142 24367185 83751624 42781365 85761324 42631758 87315642 24718356 87516342 24613785 78136524 42173865 78153624 41267358 71863542 41237856 71856342 41263785 17685324 14328765 17583624 14627358 16758342 13482756 15786342 16423785

double dodging behind; and the fourth double dodging before and behind. It may alſo be prickt a fifth way, viz. with ſingle dodging before, and double dodging behind. And likewiſe a ſixth way, viz. with doubled dodging before, and ſingle dodging behind The dodging is without intermiſſion except when Treble hindreth, and alſo betwixt two bells until Treble parts them. By this method each of them will go 112, and by making of bobs they will go 224, 336, or 672. The bobs are triple changes at the leadings of the Treble; in the firſt ſecond and ſixth the bell in the 4th place lieth ſtill at the bobs, and in the third fourth and fifth the bell in the 2d place lieth ſtill. The warning for the bobs is the ſame with that in Bob-major next before. And the extreams made as in that peal, 2 may be the half and 4 the quarter- • unt in the four firſt, or others at pleaſure.

Colledge Triples, dodging before and behind.

BY this method it will go 112, 12345678 21435687 24153678 42513687 24531678 42536187 24563817 42568371 24586731 42587613 24578163 42571836 24517863 42157836 41275863 14725836 17452863 and by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672. The bob is a triple-change at the leadings of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth ſtill. The warning for the bobs is the ſame with that in Bob-major, and the extreams alſo the ſame as in that peal. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleaſure.

The Wild-Goofe Chaſe.

TRiples. 12345678 21536784 25163748 52613784 56231748 65327184 63572814 36752841 37625481 73265418 72356148 27531684 25713648 52173684 51237648 15327684 13572648 31752684 37125648 73215684 72351648 The fourth bell muſt firſt hunt up into the 7th place, and then the 4 and 8 continually dodg behind throughout the peal, except when the Treble hindreth them. The bell that moves up into the 6th place when the Treble moves down from thence, lieth ſtill there until the Treble diſplaceth it; during which time the two hind bells dodg, and the five firſt go a perfect hunting courſe. And alſo when the Treble moves up out of the 5th place, the five firſt bells go a hunting courſe until it comes down there again. By this method it will go eighty changes, and by making of bobs it will go 160, 240, or 480. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth ſtill.

To ring 160. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the 2d and 3d places, a bob muſt at the ſame time be made.

To ring 240. Every time the half and quarter-hunts make a change together in the ſecond and third places, a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 480. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the ſecond and third places, a bob muſt then be made, except when the quarter-hunt makes a change there with it, and then not. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 6 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleaſure.

Colledge Triples, dodging behind.

THE method of ringing this peal is the ſame in all reſpects with that next before, with this only difference. Every time the whole-hunt leads, the triple change is here made on the ſix middle bells, which parts the two hind-bells, and ſo introduceth them by degrees into the body of the peal. By this method it will go 112, and by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, 12345678 21435687 24153678 42513687 45231678 54326187 53462817 35642871 36524781 63254718 62345178 26431587 24613578 42163587 41236578 14326587 13462857 31642875 36124857 63214875 wherein the bell in the 6th place lieth ſtill. The warning for the bobs in the 224 is the ſame with that in the 160 next before. In the 336 'tis the ſame with that in the 240 next before. And in the 672 'tis the ſame with that in the 480 next before. 2 may be the half-hunt and 5 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleaſure.

The Grand Experiment.

QƲadruples and Triples. The Treble is the whole-hunt, but never hunteth up farther than the ſixth place; for the ſix firſt bells go triples and doubles, it matters not of what ſort, provided that the double changes at the leadings of the Treble are always made on the four hindmoſt of the ſix bells; which courſe of triples and doubles muſt be continued, the two hindmoſt of the eight bells in the mean time dodging until the firſt Parting change is made, which will ſeparate the two hindmoſt bells; and then the ſix firſt bells go the ſame courſe of triples and doubles again, the two hindmoſt bells in the mean time dodging as before, until the ſecond Parting change is made, and ſo ſucceſſively. The Parting change is a triple change on the ſix middle bells, and made at the leadings of the whole-hunt. The firſt Parting change may be made either at the firſt ſecond third fourth or fifth leading of the Treble; obſerving, that whatſoever bell in the firſt Parting change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the ſecond Parting change muſt then be made. And again, whatſoever bell in the ſecond Parting change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the third Parting change muſt then be made, and ſo ſucceſſively; there being ſeven Parting changes in the peal, and as many half-hunts, each of the ſeven bells taking that place one after another. So that the ſeven perſons that ring the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th bells, muſt call the Parting changes one after another, according as the aforeſaid rule directs them: or elſe he that rings the Treble may do it, but not ſo well as the reſt. To ring it with ſuch peals upon ſix bells which conſiſt of ſingle courſes, it will go 420; with double courſes 840. This peal may alſo be rung triples, that is, the ſix firſt bells to go doubles, the two hind bells in the mean time dodging, and the Parting changes to be made as before. But in ringing it with ſuch Peals of Triples and Doubles, or elſe Doubles upon ſix bells, where the double change at every leading of the Treble is made in the 2d 3d 5th and 6th places, there, whatſoever two bells lie next the Treble at the firſt Parting change, the ſame two bells will lie next it at every Parting change, which will be a rule for calling them, there being only five Parting changes in it, which are triples as before. The firſt Parting change may alſo here be made either the firſt ſecond third fourth or fifth time the Treble leads. If it is rung with peals upon ſix bells, conſiſting of ſingle Courſes, it will then go 300, with double Courſes 600. This peal may alſo be rung by Concatenating of divers kinds of methods. For as the peal conſiſts of ſeveral parts, viz. from one Parting change to the next, being accounted a compleat part; ſo each part may be rung by a different method from the reſt. For any peals upon ſix bells, whether doubles, or triples and doubles, conſiſting either of ſingle or double Courſes, may indifferently be rung together in this peal, ſucceding each other in the ſeveral parts of it, and at every Parting change a new method to Begin. Or elſe any two of them to ſucceed each other alternately throughout the parts of the peal, or more or leſs at pleaſure. But ſtill obſerving, that all that are rung together in one peal muſt be ſuch, where the doubles at the leadings of the Treble are made on the four hindmoſt of the ſix bells; or elſe all of them ſuch, where the doubles at the leadings of the Treble are made in the ſecond and third, and the fifth and ſixth places. If they are of the firſt kind, then there will be ſeven Parting changes in the peal, and as many half-hunts; and the half-hunts muſt ſucceſſively call the Parting changes as before I have ſhewed: if of the later kind, then but five Parting changes, which muſt be call'd by the ſame rule as before I have ſhewed in ringing it with one peal of this kind. And alſo obſerving, if the firſt Parting change is made at the firſt ſecond third or fourth leading of the Treble, then whatſoever method it goes at firſt, it muſt alſo go the ſame again after the laſt Parting change is made. But in ringing it with peals of the firſt kind, the ſecond being made the firſt half-hunt, and to call the firſt Parting change; and with peals of the later, the 3d likewiſe: then the laſt Parting change in either of them will conclude the peal.

This peal may go the method of the Experiment upon ſix bells, page 162, that is, the four firſt bells to go the Twenty four Doubles and Singles as in that peal; and the four hindmoſt bells in the mean time to dodg double. The Parting changes are triples on the middle bells, and the ſame rules obſerved in making and calling them, as in that peal: but here are ſeven of them in this, and 168 changes.

The Experiment upon ſix may alſo be rung Comprehenſively herein. The ſix firſt bells to go that compleat peal, the two hindmoſt of the eight bells in the mean time dodging; and every time the 3d bell comes to call the Parting change on ſix, then inſtead of it a Grand change muſt be made, that is, a triple on the ſix middle bells: and then the ſix firſt bells to go the compleat peal again, the two hindmoſt bells in the mean time dodging as before, untill the third bell calls another Grand change, and ſo ſucceſſively; there being three of them in the peal, and 360 changes. If the bells are placed 23567148 at the beginning, the 4.8 will dodg behind the firſt ſixſcore of it, 4.1 the ſecond, and 1.8 the third, and then the 5th may call the Grand changes in the place of the 3d; or any other three bells may be laid behind at firſt, for the ſake of Muſical dodging. The firſt Grand change may be made either at the firſt ſecond third fourth or fifth Parting change, obferving, that whatſoever bell at the firſt Grand change ſhould then in courſe have call'd a Parting change, every time that bell comes to call a Parting change, it muſt call a Grand change in the place of it: or elſe any one of the ſix firſt bells (the whole-hunt excepted) may be appointed beforehand to attend the calling of the Grand changes, obſerving, that every time that bell comes to call a Parting change, a Grand change muſt be call'd in the place of it.

Imperial Bob.

QƲadruples and Triples. The Treble hath a dodging courſe. The two firſt and two laſt bells always dodg until the Treble hindreth them, and in the mean time the two next bells to thoſe dodging bells do lie ſtill one change, dodg the next, and ſo by turns until the Treble alſo hindreth them. And the two bells in the fifth and ſixth places whilſt the Treble is behind, and thoſe in the 3d and 4th places when 'tis before dodg, until Treble likewiſe hindreth them. By this method it will go 224, and by making of bobs it will go 448, 672, or 1344. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill.

12345678 21436587 12346578 21435687 24136578 42315687 24135678 42316587 24361578 42635187 24631578 42365187 24635817 42368571 24365817 42638571 24365871 42638517 24635871 42368517 24638157 42361875 24368157 42631865 24613857 42168375 24618357 42163875 41268357 14623875 41263857 14628375 14263857 41628375 14268357 41623875 46128357 64213875 46123857 64218375 46281357 &c. 16847253 16482735 18765432 bob 17864523 16573824 bob 15678342 17352648 17536284 13274586 13725468 12438765 12347856 14826357 14283675 18645273 18462537 16587432 bob 15684723 18753624 bob 17856342 15372846 15738264 13254768 13527486 12436587 12345678

To ring 448. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob muſt then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 672. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, a bob muſt then be made.

To ring 1344. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob muſt then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not. The 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, others at pleaſure.

NOTTINGHAM Peals.

Nottingham Mixt Peal. 1.6.2.

THE Changes are plain Trebles and Doubles until the Treble leads, 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 132564 and then a ſingle change is always made. The Peal called Old Doubles and Singles upon five bells is the ground of this Peal, every ſingle in this peal being the ſingle in that. For as in that peal the whole-hunt is one of the two bells that make every ſingle; ſo likewiſe in this, the 6 being the half-hunt, is one of the two bells that makes every ſingle change herein, except when it lieth next the whole-hunt, and then the ſingle is behind; but when 2 lieth alſo next the 6, then extream in the fourth and fifth places.

Nottingham Trebles and Doubles. 1. 2. 3.

THE ordinary courſe is to move directly, 123456 214365 241356 423165 432615 346251 364521 635412 653142 561324 516342 153624 135264 312546 321564 except when the whole-hunt paſſes either out of or into the ſecand's place, and then conſtantly dodg behind. There are ſingle and double bobs; the bob is a double change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth ſtill. When the third hunt dodges behind, the ſecond hunt then leading, is a warning for the ſingle bob to be made at the next leading of the Treble. And when the ſecond and third hunts dodg together behind, is a warning for the double bob to be made at the two next leadings of the Treble. The two extreams in the 720 muſt be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, p. 90.

Nottingham Single Bob. 1. 5. 2.

ONE time the Treble hunts quite up, 123456 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654213 562431 526413 254631 245361 423516 432156 341265 314625 136452 bob 163425 614352 641532 465123 456132 541623 514263 152436 154263 the next time only up into the fourth place, and ſo by turns, as in the example here prickt. The bells obſerve the courſe of the Treble, and alſo dodg it being before; and once in 120 changes bob, when that bell which is nominated for the ſecond hunt lying behind twice, meets with the third hunt when the firſt hunt is going to lead. The ſecond and third hunts are both one.

The firſt ſingle, The ſecond ſingle. 124365 123465 124356 123456

Nottingham Bob. 1 and 2.

THE Treble hath a dodging courſe, and every time it leads, the double is on the four middle hells, except the bobs which are made in the 2d and 3d, and the 5th and 6th places. The bobs are ſingle and double. When the whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lieth behind, is a warning for a double bob to be made at the two next leadings of the Treble, there being but three changes betwixt the two bobs. And when the half-hunt lieth in the firſt and ſecond places for twenty changes together, is a warning for a ſingle bob to be made the ſecond time the Treble leads. The extreams muſt be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, page 90.

123456 214365 241635 426153 421635 246153 264513 625431 624513 265431 256341 523614 526341 253614 235164 321546 325164 231546 213456 124365 142635 416253 412635 146253 bob 164235 612453 621543 265134 261543 625134 652314 563241 562314 653241 635421 364512 365421 634512 643152 461325 463152 641325 614235 162453 126543 215634 216543 125634 152364 513246

Redding Bob.

THE Treble hath a dodging courſe, 123456 214365 124356 213465 231456 324165 231465 324156 234516 325461 235416 324561 235461 324516 234561 325416 235146 321564 235164 321546 312564 135246 315264 132546 135264 and when it moves up out of the 2d place the two firſt bells dodg until it comes there again; and when it moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again, except only whilſt it dodgeth in the 3d and 4th places, and then the two hind bells lie ſtill. When the Treble lieth behind the double is on the four firſt bells; and when it leadeth on the four laſt. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the 4th place lieth ſtill. The rule of calling the bobs is the ſame with that in the Colledge Bobs, page 162.

Redding Bob according to the Cambridg way.

THis is the ſame with the former, excepting only the double changes which are made when the Treble dodgeth in the 3d and 4th places, 123456 214365 124356 213465 231456 324165 321456 231654 236145 321654 312645 136254 316245 132654 136245 both in hunting up and down; which are here made on the four hind bells, whereas in that they were made on the four firſt bells: ſo that here the two hind bells dodg without intermiſſion until the Treble hindreth them. This will alſo go 240, 360, and 720, and the bobs made by the ſame rule as the former.

Fifteen OXFORD Peals.

Adventure. 1 and 2.

DOubles and ſingles. 12345 35142 12453 15243 21435 31542 — 15423 24135 35124 14235 14532 21453 31524 14325 14352 24153 13254 13452 — 42513 13524 13542 13425 42531 15342 — 13245 45214 15432 15324 12354 45231 — 15234 Extr. 54321 14523 12543 12345 54312 14253 Extr. 53421 12435 12534 53412 Extr. —

Every bell leads four times. The Treble hath a dodging courſe; and is one of the two bells which makes every ſingle change except when it leads, and then 'tis made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lieth next it, an extream behind.

Camelion. 1 and 2.

EVery time the Treble hunts up and down, it makes a ſingle in the third and 4th places, 12345 45213 21354 45123 23145 41532 23415 14523 24351 14251 42531 —

and when it leads the ſingle is there alſo; but when 2 lies next it, then an extream behind. Every bell except the Treble leads four times.

Medley. 1 and 5.

DOubles and Singles. The Treble leads four times, lieth behind as many, and ſwice in every other place. Every other bell leads four times. Every ſingle is made behind, 12345 54132 21354 54123 21345 51432 23154 51423 23145 15243 32415 15234 34215 12543 32451 12534 34251 — 43521 14352 45321 14325 43512 13452 45312 13425

except when the Treble is either in the fourth or fifth places, and then in the ſecond and third places. Every time the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two firſt and two laſt bells, except when the Treble goeth to lead if the 5th gives it place, and then the double is made on the four firſt bells.

Oxford Paradox. 1 and 5.

DOubles and ſingles. Every bell leads four times, and lieth behind as many. Every ſingle is made in the third and fourth places until the Treble leads, 12345 54312 21435 54132 21345 45312 23154 45132 23514 41523 32154 41253 32514 14523 35241 15423 35421 14532 53241 15432 53421

and then in the ſecond and third places: but when the Treble leads and the fifth lieth behind, then the extream in the third and fourth places.

Halliwell. 1 and 2.

TReble leads four times, 12345 54312 21354 45312 21345 54132 23154 54123 23145 51432 32415 51423 23415 15432 32451 15423 34251 14532 43521 14523 45321 —

lies behind as many, and twice in every other place. When it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again, except when it leads and 2 lies next it, for then an extream is made in the third and fourth places.

Oxford Sixſcore.

THE Treble hath a direct hunting courſe, 12345 32514 21345 32154 23145 31254 23415 13254 23451 13524 32541

as in plain changes; and the changes are all ſingle except when the Treble lieth behind, and then a double is made on the four firſt bells; and when it leads, the ſingle is in the third and fourth places, but when 2 lieth next it an extream behind.

Fortune. 1 and 2,

DOubles. 12345 13254 21354 — 23145 14523 32415 14532 34251 — 43521 12354 45312 Extr. 54132 12534 51423 — 15432 14352 15423 14325 — — 13245 &c.

The Treble is a perfect hunt, and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts directly up, unleſs the aforeſaid dodging hindreth them. Every time the Treble leads, a ſingle is made behind, except when 2 lieth next it, and then an extream in the third and fourth places.

Oxford Single Bob. Triples, Doubles, and Singles. 1. 2. and 3.

THE Treble hath a direct hunting courſe; 123456 214365 241356 423165 432615 346251 364521 635412 653142 561324 516342 153624 156342 513624 531642 356124 365214 and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts directly up, unleſs the aforeſaid dodging hindreth them. When the Treble leads, the double is on the four hind bells. By this method it will go ſixty changes, and by making of ſingles it will go 120, 240, 360, or 720. The ſingles in the 120, 240, and 720, muſt be made by the ſame method with thoſe in Old Triples and Doubles, page 109. And to ring 360, every time the 1.2 lie together before, the ſingle muſt be made behind; and when 1.2.3 lie together there, then the ſingle in the fourth and fifth places.

Oxford Double Bob. Triples, Doubles, and Singles.

WHen the Treble leaves the two firſt bells, 123456 246135 214365 421653 241356 412635 423165 146253 243615 142635 426351 416253 243651 461235 426315

they dodg until it comes there again; but in all other reſpects 'tis the ſame with the former. And the ſingles in the 120, 240, 360, and 720, to be made as in that Peal.

Oxford Single Bob.

THE method of this Peal is the ſame in all reſpects with Oxford Single Bob, Triples Doubles and Singles, excepting the bobs in this peal, which are made in ſtead of the ſingles in that. By making of bobs it will go 180 or 360. The bob is a double change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill.

To ring 180, there muſt be a whole and half-hunt; and when the whole-hunt is before and the half-hunt behind, the next change is to be a bob.

To ring 360, there muſt be a whole, half, and quarter-hunt, viz.

Firſt, when the whole-hunt comes to lead, and the half-hunt to fall behind, the next change is a bob: and Secondly, when the whole-hunt leads before the quarter-hunt, and the half-hunt is in the fifth place, the next change is alſo a bob.

The 1 and 5 may be the whole and half-hunts in the 180, and 1.5.3 the whole, half, and quarter-hunts in the 360, or others at pleaſure.

Oxford Double Bob.

THE method of this peal is the ſame in all reſpects with Oxford double Bob before, excepting the bobs in this peal, which are made inſtead of the ſingles in that. The bobs are here made in the ſame manner, and call'd by the ſame rule in the 180 and 360, as in Oxford ſingle Bob next before; and the two extreams in the 720, both in this and the laſt peal, muſt be made according to the general rule in the Introduction.

Oxford Triple Bob.

THE Treble is the whole-hunt, 123456 214365 124356 213465 231456 324165 321456 234165 243615 426351 423615 246351 264531 625413 624531 265413 256143 521634 526143 251634 215643 126534 216543 125634 152364 513246 153264 512346 521364 and hath a dodging courſe. When it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it leads, and then a double is made on the four middle bells, which parts the two hind bells; but then the two hind bells dodg again until the Treble diſplaceth them. Every bell leads twice (except when the Treble dodgeth there) and as they hunt up and down do make a dodg in the third and 4th places. When the Treble moves up from dodging before, the bell that dodged there with it continues in the firſt and 2d places, lying twice together in each, until the Treble comes down to dodg there with it again. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 360. At the bobs the bell in the fourth place lieth ſtill. The warning for them is this, When the half-hunt leads, and the Treble moves down, and dodgeth there with it, a bob muſt then be made at that leading of the Treble. The 3 may be the half-hunt, or any other.

Oxford Triple Bob, the ſecond way.

THis peal is in all reſpects the ſame with that next before, 123456 254613 214365 245163 124356 421536 213465 425163 231645 241536 326154 214356 321645 123465 236154 213456 263514 124365 625341 142635 623514 416253 265341 146235 256431 412653 524613 421563 526431 245136

except the double change which is made when the Treble moves up out of the ſecond place, and alſo down into that place again, which is here made on the four middle bells, and conſequently parts the two hind bells, which in the former peal continued dodging together. This will alſo go 360, the bobs being made in the ſame manner, and alſo the warning for them the ſame, as in the former peal.

Oxford Riddle, or the Hermophrodite.

TReble is the whole-hunt; whilſt 'tis hunting up the two laſt bells dodg, and whilſt 'tis hunting down the two firſt. 123456 341652 214365 314562 241356 135426 423165 134562 432615 315426 346251 351462 432651 534126 346215 543216 436125

Every time it leads and lieth behind, the double is made on the four fartheſt bells from it. Every bell leads twice and lieth behind twice, except the dodging hinder. By this method it will go ſixty changes triples and doubles, and then by making of ſingles as in Old triples and doubles, it will go 120, 240, or 720.

My Lord. 144.

DOubles. Treble is a perfect Hunt. Every bell leads twice, and then moves up into the third place where it lieth twice, 123456 213465 231456 324156 342516 432561 423651 243615 234165 321465 312456 132465 123645 — and then moves down again except the motion of the Treble hindreth. When the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two firſt and two laſt bells; and when it leadeth, 'tis on the four middle bells. But when it leadeth, and the 6 lieth behind, then a ſingle in the third and fourth places.

If a double be made on the four hind bells, at every third leading of the Treble it will go 180 compleat doubles; and then by making of two ſingles it will go 360, or with four ſingles 720.

Seventeen Peals compoſed at CAMBRIDGE, by Mr. S.S.

My Honey. 1 and 2.

I In this peal there is a whole-hunt and an half-hunt. 12345 31254 54321 21354 31245 45231 21345 13254 54231 23154 — 45213 23145 13524 54213 32415 15342 45123 23415 — 45132 32451 15432 41523 23451 51423 41532 32541 51432 14523 23541 54123 — 32514 54132 14253 23514 45312 12435 32154 54312 — 32145 45321 12453

The whole-hunt lieth always four times before, and four times behind, and twice in every other place. The two hindmoſt bells always dodg 'till the whole-hunt hindreth, except when the whole-hunt is before, at which time there are four changes made of a four and twenty doubles and ſingles; the firſt of which is a double change brought in by the courſe of the bells (as in the following • eal appeareth) 13254; the ſecond is a ſingle in the third and fourth places (13524); the • hird is a double on the four laſt (15342), • nd the fourth a ſingle again in the third and fourth places (15432), except when the • alf-hunt is with the whole-hunt before, then it is to be an extream behind. When the whole-hunt leaves the third's place hunting up, the two formoſt bells dodg till it returns into he ſame place again.

The Whirligigge. 1 and 5.

IN this peal, firſt the bells dodg behind (and not before) till the whole-hunt hindreth them; and the next courſe they dodg in like manner before (and not behind) till the wholehunt hindreth them; and ſo by turns throughout the whole peal. When the whole-hunt is before, if the bells were dodging behind before it came to lead, ſingle behind; if they were dodging before, ſingle in ſecond's and third's place: and when the whole-hunt leads, and half-hunt is in Tenor's place, there is always an extream to be made in 3d and 4th place, which is every fourth time the whole-hunt leads.

21354 51243 31245 41352 23145 52134 32154 43125 32415 25314 23514 34215 34251 52341 25341 43251 43521 25431 52431 34521 45312 52413 54213 43512 54132 25143 45123 34152 51423 21534 41532 31425 15432 12354 14523 13245 15423 13254 14532 13425

Jack-on-both-ſides. 1 and 5.

IN this peal the bells always dodg both before and behind, till the whole-hunt hindreth them; except when both the Hunts 21354 45132 52143 32514 23451 53421 23145 54312 25413 23541 32541 35412 32415 45321 52431 32451 23514 53142 34251 54231 25341 34215 32154 51324 43521 45213 52314 43125 31245 15234 34512 54123 25134 41352 13254 — 43152 51432 21543 14325 13524 15243 41325 15342 12534 14235 31542 51423 14352 — 12354 41253 35124 14532 15324 21345 42135 53214 41523 51234 23154 24315 35241

are together either before or behind; for then the two fartheſt bells from the Hunts do leave dodging for the next change onely which is always a double made by the two Hunts and the two next bells to them. The ſingles and extreams are made as in the Old Doubles.

Winwick Doubles. 1 and 3.

IN this peal, firſt, the two hindmoſt bells dodg till the whole-hunt dindreth them, till the firſt ſingle is made: and then the two formoſt bells dodg 'till the whole-hunt hindreth them, until there be made another ſingle, and ſo they continually dodg ſucceſſively throughout the whole peal. There are ſix ſingles which are made in the ſame manner as in St. Dunſtan's Doubles, page 127.

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Non-ſuch. 1 and 2.

IN this peal the bells always dodg both behind and before till the whole-hunt hindreth them, except when both the Hunts are together either hehind or before: for the • the bells omit dodging for the next change, as in Jack-on-both-ſides. There are four ſingles which are all made in the 3d and 4th places every third time that the whole-hunt leads.

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Cambridg Delight. 2 and 4.

IN this peal the two hindmoſt bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders them. When the whole-hunt leaves the thirds place hunting up, the two foremoſt bells dodg till the half-hunt hinders them, whoſe courſe is the ſame with the courſe of the half-hunt in Grandſire. There are two ſingles which are made by the ſame rule as in Grandſire.

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Cambridg Delight, another way. 1 and 4.

IN this peal the two hindmoſt bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders, as in the former Peal. When the half-hunt leaves the 3ds place hunting up, the two foremoſt bells dodg till the whole-hunt hinders. It differeth from the former peal in this; 21354 51234 31524 23145 52143 35142 32415 25413 53412 34251 24531 54321 43521 42351 45231 45312 43215 42513 54132 34125 24153 51423 31452 21435 15432 13425 12453 14523 14352 14235 41532 41325 41253 45123 43152 42135 54213 34512 24315 52431 35421 23451 25341 53241 32541 52314 35214 23514 25134 53124 32154 21543 51342 31245 12534 15324 13254 15243 13542 13245

That whereas in that the bells always begin to dodg before when the whole-hunt leaves third's place, and are parted by the half-hunt; in this they begin to dodg before when the half-hunt leaves the third's place, and are parted as well before as behind by the whole-hunt. It differeth alſo, in that the half-hunt in this peal always bobbeth behind on the contrary ſtroke to what it doth in the former peal; there are two ſingles, which are made as in the former peal.

The Dream, upon five bells. 1 and 2.

IN this peal the two hindmoſt bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders, except when the two Hunts are together before. Or it may be rang by making the two foremoſt bells dodg always, except the Hunts be together behind. There are ſix ſingle changes which are all behind every other time the whole-hunt leads, the half-hunt at every ſingle lying either in the 2d or 3ds places.

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The Contention upon five bells. 1 and 2.

IN this peal the two hindmoſt bells dodg as in the former peal till the Hunts are together before for twenty changes; and then for the next twenty changes the two formoſt bells dodg, except the Hunts are together behind. There are ſix ſingles which are made as in the former peal.

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The Cheat. 1 and 3.

IN this peal the two hindmoſt bells always dodg 'till the whole-hunt hinders, and the two foremoſt bells dodg 'till either the whole or half-hunt hinders. Or on the contrary, the two foremoſt bells may dodg 'till the whole-hunt hinder, and the two hindmoſt 'till either the whole-hunt or half-hunt hinder. Or it may be rang a third way, by joining both theſe courſes together, ringing twenty changes of it one way, and the next twenty changes the other way throughout the peal. There are ſix ſingles which are all made behind, every ſecond time the whole-hunt leads; or at pleaſure it may be rang with twelve ſingles, which are likewiſe all made behind.

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Topſie-turvie. 1 and 2.

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Jumping Doubles dodging before.

IN this peal every change is a jumping change (in which one bell leaps over two bells at once,) except when the Treble is either behind or before, for then there is always a plain double change made, or elſe a ſingle at the end of each ſixty changes. Treble 12345 31254 54132 24513 53241 43521 21534 23145 45213 42351 35421 34215 52143 32514 54321 24531 53214 43152 25314 23451 45231 42315 35142 31425 52431 32541 54312 24153 51324 13254 25341 23415 45123 41231 15432 — 52413 32154 51432 14352 14523 13245 25134 21345 15243 13425 41352 &c. 51243 12453 12534 31542 34125 15324 14235 21453 53124 43512 13542 41523 42135 35412 34251

is a perfect Hunt; the two foremoſt bells always dodg until the Treble hinder. When the Treble is hunting up, the jumping changes are all made by the bell in the Tenor's place, jumping into third's, except only that one when Treble goeth out of ſecond's place into third's; for then the bell in the 3ds place jumps into Trebles, where it dodgeth with the bell in the 2ds place till Treble hinder. When Treble is hunting down every jumping change is made by the bell in the 3ds place jumping into Tenor's, except when it goeth out of third's place into ſecond's, for then the bell in Treble's place jumps into 3ds. And obſerve always, that when Treble is going to lead the firſt time, the bell in Tenor's place jumps into third's, and the next time the bell in the third's place into Tenor's throughout the peal. There are two ſingles which are made, as in Grandſire.

Jumping Doubles dodging behind.

IN this peal Treble is a perfect Hunt, as in the former. The two hindmoſt bells always dodg till Treble hinders. When Treble is hunting up the bell in the thirds place always jumps into Treble's, excepting only when Treble goeth out of third's place into fourth's; for then the bell in Tenor's place jumps into 3ds. And obſerve, that every ſecond time the Treble goeth out of 4th into 5ths place, the bell in Treble's place jumps into 3ds; whereas at other times at the ſame change the bell in 3ds place jumps into Treble's. When Treble leaves the 5ths place hunting down, the bell in the 3ds place jumps into Treble's; when ſhe leaves 4ths place the bell in 3ds place jumps into Tenor's. When ſhe is either in the 2d or 3ds places hunting down, the bell in the Treble's place jumps into 3ds. There are two ſingles made, as in the former Peal.

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Symphonie, upon ſix bells. 1. 2. and 3.

IN this peal are 720 changes, all doubles except twelve ſingles, which are made as in plain Trebles and Doubles on ſix bells. The two hindmoſt bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders them, except when a ſingle is is made in the 4th and 5th places. When the whole-hunt leaves the 4ths place hunting up, the two foremoſt bells dodg till it leaves the ſame place again hunting down: but it may be rang at pleaſure to make the bells dodg perpetually before as well as behind, by making in every twelve changes two Trebles, one of them when the whole-hunt leaves the 3ds place hunting up, and the other when it leaves the 4ths place hunting down; ſo that there will be in the whole peal Sixſcore Treble-changes. When the whole-hunt is behind, the four fore-moſt bells dodg; when the whole-hunt is before, the four hindmoſt dodg.

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Grandſire upon Symphonie. 1. 2. and 6.

THis peal of Symphonie may be rang with but two ſingle or two treble changes at the end of either Eighteenſcore, by ringing it with ſingle and double bobs, as in Grandſire Bob. The rule for calling the bobs in this peal is the very ſame as in Grandſire Bob, but when the bob-changes are to be made, the Hunts do not lie in the ſame order as in Grandſire Bob; for in this peal at a ſingle bob the whole-hunt leads, the half-hunt is in the 5th place, and the quarter-hunt in the 4th place. And at the firſt bob of a double bob the half-hunt is in Tenor's place, and quarter-hunt in 2ds place; and at the later bob the 213465 316254 316542 316425 612354 231456 361245 361524 361452 621345 324165 632154 635142 634125 263154 234615 362514 365412 364215 623514 324651 632541 635421 634251 263541 236451 365241 364521 362451 625341 326415 635214 634512 632415 265314 236145 365124 364152 362145 625134 321654 631542 631425 631254 261543 312645 613524 613452 613245 216534 132654 163542 163425 163254 126543 136245 136524 136452 162345 125634 &c.

half-hunt is in the 5th place, and quarter-hunt in 2ds place, juſt contrary to what it is in Grandſire Bob. I have prickt this peal with two Treble changes in every twelve; ſo that if you make two Trebles more at the end of either Eighteenſcore (which muſt be made when the whole-hunt is going to lead juſt two changes ſooner than if you ſhould have made a ſingle) there will then be in the whole 720 juſt Sixſcore and two Treble changes.

Trebles and Doubles on ſix Bells with ſix Singles. 1. 2. and 3.

THis peal is taken ont of the Dream upon five bells. Every time the whole-hunt is before, there being two changes of that peal made in this. Every bell is a perfect 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 312546 321456 234165 243615 426351 462531 645213 654123 561432 516342 153624 bob. 135642 153462 135426 153246 152364 125634 126543 162453 164235 146325 bob 164352 146532 145623 154263 152436 125346 125364 ſing. &c. Hunt, when the whole-hunt is before dodg on the four hindmoſt, except the half-hunt be either in the 5th or Tenor's place, then always bob as in Grandſire Bob, except the quarter-hunt lieth next to the half-hunt, for then it is always to be a dodg on the four hindmoſt. Every other time that the whole-hunt and half-hunt come together before, there is a ſingle, which is always made behind.

A Twelveſcore Trebles and Doubles. upon Six Bells.

IN this peal the four foremoſt bells go a four and twenty Doubles and Singles, obſerving 214365 234165 261453 156423 241356 324156 216435 165243 423165 231465 124653 — 243156 213456 214635 615234 421365 124365 126453 165324 412356 142635 162435 — 143265 416253 614253 163542 142356 461235 612435 136452 413265 642153 164253 — 431256 641235 146235 316425 342165 462153 412653 136245 432156 426135 142563 — 341265 241653 — 132654 314256 421635 145236 154326 123564 132465 246153 — — 134256 264135 514362 213546 312465 621453 154632 123456 321456 624135 — —

always, That for one Four and Twenty the bell in the Treble's place is the hunting bell, and for the next the bell in the 4ths place throughout the peal, the two hindmoſt bells always dodging till the end of the Twenty Four; at which time there is a double made (if the bell in the Treble's place was the Hunt in the Twenty Four) on the four middlemoſt; but if the bell in the 4ths place was the hunting bell, the double is to be made in Treble and 2d and 4th and 5th places.

Cambridg Bob.

THE Treble hath a conſtant dodging courſe; 123456 325416 214365 352146 123465 531264 214356 532146 241365 351264 423156 315246 421365 132564 243156 315264 234516 132546 325461 135264 324516 312546 235461 135246 324561 312564 235416 321546 234561 &c.

and when it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again, except when the Treble dodgeth before, and then they lie ſtill. The two middle bells always dodg until the Treble comes there. When the Treble leaves dodging before, every bell leads twice, except when the Treble lieth ſtill behind, and then the two firſt bells make a dodg. Bobs are made as in Grandſire Bob, and the warning for them the ſame alſo with that.

Fourteen more Peals, compoſed at CAMBRIDG. Doubles and Singles on five Bells.

The Paraſite. 1 and 5.

IN this peal the Bells behind always dodg, except the Treble prevents them. When Treble is leaving the 3ds place hunting up, the bells before dodg at whole pulls, if Tenor be not one of them, until it parts them. The courſe of the bells in hunting is the ſame with Tendring.

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The Tulip. 1 and 2.

IN this peal Treble hunteth as in Tendring. 21354 51423 21345 51432 23154 54123 23145 54132 32415 45312 32451 45321 23415 54312 23451 54321 32541 45231 32514 45213 23541 54231 23514 54213 32154 45123 32145 45132 31254 41523 31245 41532 13254 14523 13524 14253 15342 12435 15432 12453 &c.

When Treble is in third's place hunting up, the bells dodg before at whole-pulls, till it comes and parts them. When it is in third's place hunting down the bells behind always dodg, except it leadeth, till it parts them. When Treble is before there are four changes of twenty four doubles and ſingles; whereof the firſt is brought in by the hunting of the bells. All the ſingles in the Twenty four are made in the 3d and 4ths place, except 1-2 before, then extream behind.

The Honey-ſuckle. 1 and 2.

IN this peal every bell leads four times. While every bell but Treble is leading, the bells behind always dodg: every 4th change is made by the four foremoſt bells. When Treble is leading there are four changes of Twenty four doubles and ſingles made as in the the former peal. The firſt change is on the four bells before.

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Peals on 5 bells, with twelve Singles. Blunderbus. 1-2.

IN this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Treble and 2d are together either before or behind, the fartheſt bells from them dodg till either of them part, excepting the extreams. When the Treble is before a ſingle in 3d and 4th place, which is unmade the next time except 1-2; for then the Hunts being together before, the bells behind muſt dodg according to the rule forementioned.

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Hudibras. 1 and 2.

IN this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Treble is before a ſingle always in 3d and 4th place which is unmade the next time, except it be 1-2, for then the bells behind dodg until Treble parts them.

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Weſton Doubles. 1 and 5.

IN this peal Treble is is a perfect Hunt. Every other time Treble is leaving the 3ds place hunting up, the bells before dodg till it comes and parts them: the bells behind dodg but when Treble hinders them, except the extreams which are in 3d and 4ths place when it is 1-2 before; all the other ſingles are made behind when Treble is leading. It may be rang by making all the ſingles behind, by making the change before it is 1-2 on the bells before.

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Peals on five bells with 10 Singles. The Antilope.

IN this peal the bells hunt as in Grandſire. When Treble is before, a ſingle is always made by the Tenor, and the bell which followeth it, except two doubles which are made as the ſingles in Granſire. It may be rang like Cambridg delight either way by obſerving the ſame method if like Cambridg delight the common way; and by making the ſingles by the half-hunt and the bell before it, if like Cambridg delight the other way.

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The Maremaid.

IN this peal behind dodg twelve changes, 13254 12435 31245 21345 32154 12354 23145 21534 21354 12543 12534 15234 15243 51243 51234 15423 52143 51432 25134 15342 21543 51324 21453 53124 &c.

excepting the ſixth which is made on the bells before, and the twelfth which is a ſingle in the 3d and 4ths places; and twelve changes before, excepting alſo the ſixth, which is made by the bells behind, and the twelfth which is a ſingle in 2d and 3ds places. When they dodg behind, every odd change is on the laſt bells, and every even one a bob, excepting theſe two changes. When they dodg before, every odd change is a bob, and every even one on the four firſt bells, excepting likewiſe thoſe two changes which are made according to the forementioned rule

The Checkquer. 1 and 5.

IN this peal the Treble is whole-hunt, and Tenor the half-hunt for twenty changes; and then Tenor the whole-hunt and treble the half-hunt for the next twenty, 21354 31254 23145 13524 32415 15342 34251 51432 43521 54123 45312 45213 54132 42531 51423 24351 15432 42315 14523 24135 41532 42153 45123 24513 54213 25431 52431 52341 25341 53214 23514 35124 32154 31542 31245 13452 13254 31425 13245 13425 &c.

and ſo they hunt by turns throughout the peal. When Treble is the whole-hunt the bells behind always dodg, except it hinders them; and when Tenor is the whole-hunt, the bells before, except that hinders them; when Treble is before and Tenor dodging behind, a ſingle made by the Tenor and the bell which dodged with it; when Tenor is behind and Treble dodging before, a ſingle made by the Treble and the bell which dodgeth with that.

THis peal may be rang by hunting the Treble and Tenor as before, and it differeth from it only in this; 21354 12543 23145 21453 32415 24135 34251 42315 43521 43251 45312 34521 54132 35412 51423 53142 15432 35124 14523 53214 41532 35241 45123 53421 54213 54312 52431 45132 25341 41523 52314 14532 25134 15423 21543 51243 12534 15234 21534 15243 &c.

when it is 1-5 behind in the hunting of the Treble, the bells before dodg till Tenor parts them; and when it is 1-5 before, in the hunting of the Tenor the bells behind dodg till Treble parts them: and then when Treble is the whole-hunt and Tenor half, it is plain Cambridg delight inverted. It may be rang by hunting the half-hunt, as in Cambridg Delight the other way, in either of thoſe ways of ringing it, but then the ſingle is always made by the hunting bell.

An example in that like Cambridg Delight the other way.

Gogmagog. 1.5.

IN this peal the bells hunt as in Grandſire, 21354 34512 12543 23145 43152 21534 32415 41325 25143 34251 14352 52413 43521 — 54231 45312 14325 45321 54132 41352 43512 51423 43125 34152 15243 34215 31425 12534 32451 13452 21543 23541 — 25134 25314 13425 52314 52134 31452 53241 51243 34125 35421 15234 &c.

and it differeth from it in this, That there is not every other time a ſingle bob, but in ſtead of a ſingle one every other time a double one: ſo that only once in four times there is a ſingle bob; when Tenor is dodging behind there is always a ſingle made by it, and the bell which dodgeth with it if Treble leadeth, otherwiſe not.

1-4.

THis peal may be rung like Cambridg Delight, if every other time the dodging before be omitted; or it may be rang by dodging conſtantly as in Cambridg Delight, by making double bobs and ſingle bobs as in Grandſire: it may likewiſe be rang by making the courſe of the half-hunt in all the ways of ringing it the ſame with Cambridg delight the other way; obſerving in all of them to make the ſingles as before directed.

An example of that like Cambridg Delight the other way, in which the dodging before is every other time omitted. 1-4.

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Cambridg Marigold. 1.2. and 3.

IN this peal are 720 changes, 214356 312564 165432 241536 321654 164523 425136 236154 — 452316 263514 146253 453261 265341 142645 542361 623541 — 543216 625314 124365 534126 652134 124635 351426 561234 &c. 315246 516324 132546 153624 135264 156342

which are all doubles except 12 ſingles which are made as in Plain trebles and doubles. Treble is a perfect Hunt, and except the dodges (which are the ſame as in Oxford double Bob) every double change is made by the treble and the three next bells to it: obſerving always that the bell in Tenor's place lieth ſtill 'till it giveth place to the Treble, or be removed by a dodg behind when the Treble is before. When Treble leaveth 3ds place hunting up, the bell that then comes before, leads thrice, and likewiſe the next bell after it till Treble cometh back into 3ds place again; at all other times every bell leads twice. The bell in Tenor's place lieth five times behind, (and when the ſingle is made in the middle ten times) till treble remove it; and when treble comes back it lieth five times more behind, and then is diſplaced by a dodg behind and hunts down at whole-pulls. This peal may be rang by making bobs ſingle and double as in Grandſire Bob with but two ſingles or two trebles, which muſt be made juſt Eighteen ſcore changes one from the other.

The Nightingall. 1.2. and 3.

IN this peal are 720 changes, which are all doubles except twelve ſingles, which are made as in the former peal; and if you ring Grandſire Bob upon it, there may be but two ſingles, or elſe two trebles, as in the Marigold. Treble is a perfect Hunt: the bells in 4th and 5th places dodg till treble parts them, 123456 356241 213546 536214 231456 356124 324156 531624 234516 513264 324561 153624 235461 156342 325416 — 235146 165432 321546 164523 312456 — 132546 146253 135264 142635 315624 — 351264 124365 532164 ſing. 352614 124635 532641 —

and then the two foremoſt bells do the like for eight changes together till treble hinders them, and gives way to the other two bells to dodg again in the 4th and 5th places, which is always for three changes and no more, except when the ſingle is made in that place, and then they dodg ſix times. When treble is behind, dodg the four firſt; when it is before on the four laſt, as in Marigold.

FINIS.