Via ad latinam linguam complanata The way made plain to the latine tongue : the rules composed in English and Latine verse, for the greater delight and benefit of learners / by Jam. Shirley ...

Author: Shirley, James, 1596-1666.1649

Via ad Latinam linguam Complanata The way made plaine to the Latine Tongue The Rules Composed in English and Latine Verse. For the greater delight and benefit of learners By IAM: SHIRLEY Avia Pieridum peragro loca. Lucret:

LONDON Printed for Io: Stephenson at the signe of the Sun on Ludgate-hill 1649

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VIA AD Latinam Linguam Complanata. The Way made plain to the Latine Tongue. The Rules composed in English and Latine VERSE: For the greater Delight and Benefit of LEARNERS.

By James Shirley.

Avia Pieridum peragro loca.

Lucret.

London, Printed by R. W. for John Stephenson, at the signe of the Sun on Ludgate-Hill. 1649.

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TO THE Most hopeful pledg of Honor, William Herbert, Son to the Right Honorable Philip Lord Herbert.

SIR,

AT this time, the Press doth almost groan with the burden of new Grammars, by which, some would prophetically imply the decay of Learning, as if the Root and Foundation of Art stood in need of warmth, and reparation: If I were guilty of his belief, I am not so old in practice, [...]o forget how much unworthy I am, [...]o apply to such publike necessity. It [Page] shall be happiness enough to me, if while your yeers are fit for principles of this nature, this Book be not thought unworthy of your shade and protection.

I dare not be so bold to prescribe it to your particular use, others having more worthily the honor to be employed in your Education; but if with their judgment, it may be admitted to your reading, I am very confident, it will much facilitate your progress, and make the way short and pleasant, if you walk by Rules to the Latine tongue.

It remains, that I wish you may grow up the great example of true Nobility: You cannot but raise our expectation, while you are remembred, the Son of your most nobly accomplished Father, descended from your yet flourishing Grand-father [Page] whose name is worthily affixed a Patron to more generous wit, then our Nation must hope to see again in all future Ages.

Nor can the glory of your great Uncle, William Earl of Pembroke (the ornament of the Court and Kingdom) and the ever celebrated name of Sydney, whose blood is warm in your veins, be out of your eye and imitation: Their fames I look upon as an immortal treasury, left by them, who had merited for more then themselves, and might from their supernumerary vertues, spare enough to indulge posterity.

But let their Characters be the Argument of a more able Pen, I return to my first ambition, that these Papers dedicate to your name, may ow their first light, and life to the influence of your morning, so the world shall read [Page] to the happy presage of your great name, that you disdained not to begin to learn, and to be a Mecenas together; while I (encouraged by your vertue, [...]o lay this first publike sacrifice upon your virgin Altar) am but the more engaged to profess my self,

Sir,

The most humble and faithful honorer of your Family, James Shirley.

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Authori Amicissimo.

FOelix nefasti gloria saeculi!
Tu qui severo (quas sibi dempserit)
Musas redonaturus aevo,
Ausonios reseras penates:

Annosa linguae jura Quiritium
Non indecoro carmine vestiens,
(Spretae rudimentum Minervae)
Allicis, & reparas juventam;

Immense vates! Cui sacra tempora
Circum tenaci nexae hedera, tuae
Laurus adumbrabunt; Coronas
Grammaticam simul & Poesin.

Tho. Stanley.

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To my worthy and ingenious Friend The Author.GRammar which taught the Poet first to write,
Is by the Poet now taught to delight.
And Poesie, which once unto the School
Ow'd its Instructions, now to that's a Rule.
Thy grateful Pen, to Science does impart
Civility, and requites Art, with Art.
Yet not like some (who think they hardly shou'd
Be thought to understand, if understood.)
Do'st thou the mindes of weaker Tiroes vex,
Or as perplext with th' Art, the Art perplex,
But what ere seem'd therein obscure, mak'st clear,
Brief, what prolix, smooth, what did rough appear.
That so the Art to Learners now is seen
As in a flat, which Hills and Woods did skreen.
How should they erre! Their journeys end in view,
Their way so pleasing, and their guide so true!
Rest then secure of Fame; nor think thy worth
Can by a private hand be well set forth.
Attempts which to the Publike, Profit raise,
Expect, nor merit less, then Publike Praise.

Idem in idem, ad eundem.SHirleie! Angliacûm cui olim, celeberrime vatum,
Drama labor, nomen (que) fuit: Tibi nunc, novus ecquis
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Surgit honas? Qualisive alio subit infula nexu
Tempora?—Nunc video. Magnos accinctus in usus,
Carmine facundo tractas Praecepta severae
Grammatices, Latiaeque canis Primordia Linguae,
Ʋt melius teneros blanda dulcedine captos
Afficeres animos, & dura Elementa, nolenti,
Eloquio, nimiumque rudi placitura juventae
Efficeres. Labor multum meriturus honestae
Laudis! Non aliter (tua sed magè mellea lingua)
Tentavit Nestor juvenilia fingere Corda.
Heroüm teneras tam grato carmine mentes
Thessalici haud rexit Moderator [...] Semifer Antri.
Grammatica exultet, vibretque Heliconia serta,
Laude nova florens: Dulci nunc munere fandi
Provocet & Musas. Decus hoc Shirleie dedist.
Edw. Sherburne.

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To my ingenious Friend The Author, upon his Poetical Grammar.GRammar, the Scholars labyrinth, Sir, by you
Is now unmaz'd, and open'd by your clew,
Those cloudy parts of Speech, which long have worn
Nights dress, shine now bright as the Orient morn,
And courtly move, the lame sick Heteroclyte,
Peevish by their Infirmity, now slight
The Caps and Crutches, and to measures fall,
And you at once have cur'd an Hospital.
Welcome fair issue of your happy brain;
Now Phoebus rules in his own grove again;
For best examples from the Laurel sprung,
And Poets first adorn'd each learned tongue,
Where Lilly once was ror'd, the beardless throng
Shall chant thee forth, like Ayrs thou shalt be sung.
And where youth learn these clear composed rules,
T'shall not be Grammar call'd, but Musick Schools.
Ed. Salt marsh.

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To my worthy Friend the Author.ALthough with Justice I admir'd thy Pen,
That did before adorn the English Scene;
I easily can forget, and when I look
On this last act, neglect each other Book.
Thy Buskind, and thy Comick muse may be
Preserv'd as Monuments of Wit, and thee,
And in another temperate age be shown
To prove our Language had perfection;
But here is a designe, who does not see
In this a plot to take posterity?
A plot beyond thy Plays thou do'st persue,
And by an Artifice, a silken clew
Of Poesie, dost lead, and mayst betray
Our children into Learning, as they play.
But prosper, I forgive thee, and presage
(If ignorance have not quite drown'd our Age.)
Thy Book an entertainment with good men,
And from this root, old Art grow up again.
Geo. Blakeston.

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To the worthily Honored Mr. James Shirley.IF those things always their own use invite,
That yield us profit, and secure delight,
What shall we ow this last work of your Pen?
Which more, then when you steer'd the souls of men,
With your harmonious Scenes, and graceful dress
Doth now a power above that Art express.
For while you seem to stoop, you gently raise
Children into ability to praise,
And make them men, who by your skilful hand
Taught, do both nimbly move, and learn to stand.
Most other Grammars to our youth impart
A Costique, dry, and nugatory Art,
Which they go to, as coldly, as young men
Make love to one of fourscore yeers and ten.
'Twas a prodigious Musick, that did call
Huge stones to build themselves a Theban wall,
We may believe that miracle, who see
You have fil'd Rocks into a Gallery,
And all those rugged Cliffs, that threatned youth
In their approach, are by your Verse made smooth.
And Grammar pourtray'd with a smiling face,
Is now no more a fury, but a grace.
Fra. Langton.

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To Mr. James Shirley, upon his English and Latine Grammar.SIr, I have read your Grammar, and do see
Your learning now hath kist your Poesie.
I finde a double charm in Syntax, when
You do by this teach Youth, by t'other men.
Not that I slight grave Lillies Lyturgy,
Nor love your Work, for change or novelty,
But for the worth I see in't, 'tis your glory
That now the Schools have found a Directory.
But this will spoyl our Hebrew Lectures quite,
Of rigid Masters, which still backward write.
When tears and blood come forth to let in names,
As if the Grammar were all Anagrams.
While the vimineous Bajazets stand by,
Teaching harsh Latine by Phlebotomy.
But you have plan'd the way, and strew'd it so,
Children may run in this, as soon as go.
We shall have swadling Scholars, Infants may
Now shake their Grammar with their Coats away.
Go on brave Petrarch, thy sweet Rules advance,
Leave the world no excuse for ignorance.
What elder days to Lilly rendred, we,
And future times shall attribute to thee;
And to thy memory, fame shall this enroul,
Who ere the Church, thou dost reform the School.
Alex. Broom.

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To my much honored and learned Friend, Mr. James Shirley, the Author.IT may hold some proportion, that an Age
Hath temper, or degenerates to rage,
As the first rules incline; and may not we
Unto our Iron Rudiments apply
The times condition, and believe we have,
But those impressions a rough Grammar gave?
Ill woven, rugged principles, scarce one
A friend to nature, or digestion;
Verse more uneven then wilde Mountains are,
Which makes our travelling Infantry dispair,
For onely here and there a Boy, that can
Eat stones like the Italian, proves a man.
[*]
But from our dark and frighted Hemisphere,
An unexpected Star begins to appear.
The rudiments are chang'd, a moddest ray,
Drest in the blushes of a new born day
Shines with a train of light: This Grammar writ
Up to the truth of Harmony, and Wit,
With its soft numerous enchantment, can
Make every Gyant shrink into a man.
Or if uncapable of softness, they
Despise to be reform'd, their children may,
Drinking these streams, in the next age be found,
Their Hearts with Love, their Heads with Olive crown'd.
John Ogilby.

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THE RVDIMENTS.

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EIght Parts, two Numbers, Cases six, to these
Three Genders, five Declensions, three Degrees.
Pronounes nineteen, four kinde of Verbs, and they
Three Persons through both numbers do convey.
Four Conjugations perfect Verbs receive,
On which four Moods attend, and Tenses five.
From race of Verbs, four Participles flow,
Three Gerunds we admit, and Supines two.
These things well laid, three Concords raise at last,
A structure, and the toyl of Grammars past.

ERRATA.

PAg. 7. l. 19 and 20. after felices read felicia, p. 9. l. 12. put out acre & celere, p. 41. l. 2. r. im pers'nalls, l. 19. r. deriv'd, and declin'd, p. 51. l. 1. in the margent r. mas, p. 56. l. 20. r. nomina, demas, p. 60. l. 16. r. in a vel in ar, p. 63. l. 14. read defectiva, p. 64. l. 14. r. vicem, p. 66. l. 7. read maesur'd, p. 75. l. 26. r. flevi fletum, p. 79. l. 21. r. plaudo si, p. 84. l. 2. in the margent r. sevi, p. 121. l. 9. in the margent r. ulios.

[Page 1]

The way made plain to the LATIN TONGUE.
Grammar is the Art of right speaking.

The Parts are two,

Etymologie, and
Syntax.

ETymologie is that part of Grammar, which teatheth the proprieties of severall words, especially in the difference of Terminations, and considereth all parts of speech.

Eight parts of speech.

EIght only Parts the wise Grammarians teach,

To all these parts belong Species, which is Form, and Figura, Figure. Form is when a word is originall, and called Primitive, as Scio to know; or come from another, and called Derivative, as Scientia knowledge, derived from Scio. Figure is, when a word is simple, as just us just, or compounded, as injust us unjust compounded of in and just us.

Because in them we comprehend all speech.

Noun, declined.
Pronoun, declined.
Verb, declined.
Participle, declined.
Adverb, undeclined.
Conjunction, undeclined.
Preposition, undeclined.
Interjection, undeclined.

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Nouns are Substantive, or Adjective.

NOun Substantives the names of Things declare:

[a] and [the] are signs of nouns Substantives. Nouns Proper are all proper names, and are referred to one, as Thamisis the Thames. Common nouns are common to all of the same kinde, as Fluvius a River.

But Adjectives, what kinde of things they are.

A House, Domus; an ancient House, antiqua Domus; a Church, Ecclesia; the holy Church, sancta Ecclesia.

Numbers, two.

Some nouns in the singular may signifie many, as Populus People. Grex A Flock. These are called Collectives, and yet these are the sing. number, as being considered One People, One Flock.

ONe is the number Singular, but all

Above, we must the Plurall number call.

A man, Homo; men, Homines.

Nominative. Genitive. Dative. Accusative. Vocative. Ablative.Cases, six.

THe Nominative before the Verb doth go,

[Of] shews the Genitive, the Dative, [to.]

Th' Accusative after the Verb is plac'd;

The fift cals, Prepositions rule the last.

Gender is the difference of sex by nature: but by institution and Art, words may be of the male, or female gen. & yet have no relation to sex.Genders, three.

Male, Female, Neuter, perfect Genders be,

All others are compounded of these three.

A Noun of the male, or Masculine Gender, as Vir a man.

A Noun of the female, or Feminine Gender, as Mulier a woman.

A Noun of the Neuter Gender, as Saxum a stone.

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A Noun of the Common Gender, is male, and female, and belongeth to both sexes: as Parens a father, or mother.

A Noun of the Doubtfull gender is commonly masculine, or feminine, as Dies a day; sometimes masculine, or neuter, as Vulgus common people; and sometimes feminine, or neuter, as Halec a Herring.

Declensions five.

HIs true declension every Noun will give,

From termination of the Genitive.

1.	2.	3.	4.	5.
In ae.	in i.	in is.	in us.	in ei.
As, musae.	viri.	crinis.	manus.	rei.

Examples of the first Declension.

Singulariter

Nom. mus a.
Gen. mus ae.
Dat. mus ae.
Acc. mus am.
Voc. mus a.
Abl. mus â.

Pluraliter

Nom. mus ae.
Gen. mus arum.
Musa A Song.
Dat. mus is.
Acc. mus as.
Filia and Nata a daughter, make the Dative and Ablative Pl. in is or abus; but Dea A goddess, Mula A Mule, Equa A Mare, Liberta A freed woman, make the Dat. and Abl. in abus only.
Voc. mus ae.
Abl. mus is.

Singulariter

Nom. Grammatica.
Gen. Grammaticae.
Dat. Grammaticae.
Acc. Grammaticam.
Voc. Grammatica.
Abl. Grammaticâ.

vel

Grammatice.
Grammatica. Grammar.
Grammatices.
Grammatice.
Grammaticen.
Grammatice.
Grammatice.

Singulariter

[Page 4]N. Thomas.
G. Thomae.
D. Thomae.
A. Thomam.
V. Thomâ.
A. Thoma.

Singulariter.

N. Anchises.
G Anchisae.
D Anchisae.
A. Anchisam, vel Anchisen.
V. Anchisa.
A. Anchisa.

Examples of the second Declension

Singulariter

Vir A Man.
Nom. Vir
Gen. Vir i.
Dat. Vir o.
Acc. Vir um.
Voc. Vir
Abl. Vir o.

Pluraliter

Nom. Vir i.
Gen. Vir orum.
Dat. Vir is.
Acc. Vir os.
Voc. Vir i.
Abl. Vir is.

Singulariter

Nom. Dominus.
Dominus A Lord, or A Master. If the Nominative end in us, the Vocative must end in a. All proper names in ius make the Vocative in i, like filius a son.
Gen. Domini.
Dat. Domino.
Acc. Dominum.
Voc. Domin e.
Abl. Domino.

Singulariter

Nom. Filius.
Gen. Filii.
Dat. Filio.
Acc. Filium.
Voc. Fil i.
Abl. Filio.

Singulariter

Deus God.
Nom. Deus.
Gen. Dei.
Dat. Deo.
Acc. Deum.
Voc. De us.
Abl. Deo.

Pluraliter

Nom. Dii.
Gen. Deorum.
Dat. Diis.
Acc. Deos.
Voc. Dii.
Abl. Diis.

Singulariter

[Page 5]Nom. specul um.
Gen. speculi.
Dat. speculo.
Acc. specul um.
Voc. specul um.
Abl. speculo.

Pluraliter

Nom. specul a.
Speculum neut. gend. A Glasse. All Nouns of the Neuter gender, make the Nom Acc. and Voc. like in both Numbers, and in the plurall they end in a, of what Declension soever they be.
Gen speculorum.
Dat speculis.
Acc. specul a.
Voc specul a.
Abl speculis.

Singulariter

Nomnativo orpheus.
Genitivo orphei vel orpheos.
Dativo orpheo vel orphei.
Accusativo orpheum vel orphea.
Vocativo orpheu.
Ablativo orpheo.

Examples of the third Declension.

Singulariter

Nom. crinis.
Gen. crin is.
Dat. crin i.
Acc. crin. em.
Voca. crinis.
Abl. crin e.

Pluraliter.

Nom. crin es.
Gen. crin um.
Crinis Hair. Some make the Accusative in im as V [...] force. Sités thirst. Tussis a cough, and the Ablative in i, And some have double terminations in both these Cases.
Dat. crini bus.
Acc. crin es.
Voc. crin es.
Abl. crini bus.

Singulariter

Nom. calcar.
Gen. calcâris.
Dat. calcâri.
Acc. calcar.
Voc. calcar.
Abl. calcâr i.

Pluraliter

Nom. calcaria.
Calcar A Spu [...].g.
Gen calcarium.
Dat. calcaribus.
Acc. calcaria.
Voc. calcaria.
Abl. calcaribus.

Singulariter

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Sermo A Speech. Lapu A Stone.
Nom. sermo.
Gen. sermonis.
Dat. sermoni.
Acc. sermonem.
Voc. sermo.
Abl. sermone.

Singulariter

Nom. lapis.
Gen. lapidis.
Dat. lapidi.
Acc. lapidem.
Voc. lapis.
Abl. lapide.

Singulariter

Pyxis A Box.
Nom Pyxis.
G. Pyxidis vel Pyxidos.
Dat. Pyxidi
A. Pyxidem vel Pyxida.
Voc. Pyxis vel Pyxi.
Abl. Pyxide.

Pluraliter

N. Pyxides.
Gen. Pyxidum.
Dat. Pyxidibus.
A. Pyxides vel Pyxidas
V. Pyxides.
Abl. Pyxidibus.

Examples of the fourth.

Singulariter

Manus A Hand.
Nom. man us.
Gen. man us.
Dat. man ui.
Acc. man um.
Voc. man us.
Abl. man u.

Pluraliter

Nom man us.
Gen. man uum.
Dat. man ibus.
Acc. man us.
Voc. man us.
Abl. man ibus.

Singulariter

Arcus A Bow.
Nom. arcus.
Gen. arcus.
Dat. arcui.
Acc. arcum.
Voc. arcus.
Abl. arcu.

Pluraliter

Nom. arcus.
Gen arcuum.
Dat. arc ubus.
Acc. arcus.
Voc. arcus.
Acc. arc ubus.

Singulariter

Gein [...] A Knee. n. g.
Nom. gen u.
Gen. gen u.
Dat. gen u.
Acc. gen u.
Voc. gen u.
Abl. gen u.

Pluraliter

Nom. genu a.
Gen. gen uum.
Dat. gen ibus.
Acc. genu a.
Voc. genu a.
Abl. gen ibus.

[Page 7]

Examples of the fifth.

Singulariter

Nom. R es.
Gen. R ei.
Dat. R ei.
Acc. R em.
Voc. R es.
Abl. R e.

Pluraliter

Nom. R es.
Res A thing.
Gen. R erum.
Dat. R ebus.
Acc. R es.
Voc. R es.
Abl. R ebus.

Singulariter

Nom. dies.
Gen. diei.
Dat. diei.
Acc. diem.
Voc. dies.
Abl. die.

Pluraliter

Nom. dies.
Dies A day.
Gen. dierum.
Dat. diebus.
Acc. dies.
Voc. dies.
Abl. diebus.

A Noun Adjective of one termination is declined after the third Declension.

Singulariter

Nom. felix.
Gen. felicis.
Dat. felici.
Acc felicem, felix.
Voc. felix.
Abl. felice vel felici.

Pluraliter

Nom. felices, felicia.
Felix Happy.
Gen. felicium.
Dat. felicibus.
Acc. felices.
When any Adjective hath but one ending in any case, that word is of all the Genders, as in Felix, felicis, felici, &c.
Voc. felices.
Abl. felicibus.

An Adjective of tvvo terminations.When the Adj. hath 2 endings in one case, the first is Mas. & Fem. as Tristis: and the second Neut. as Trists,

Singulariter

Nom. tristis, triste.
Gen. tristis.
Dat. tristi.
Acc. tristem, triste.
Voc. tristis, triste.
Abl. tristi.

Pluraliter

Nom. tristes, tristia.
Gen tristium.
Dat. tristibus.
Acc. tristes, tristia.
Voc. tristes, tristia.
Abl. tristibus.

[Page 8]

When the Adj. hath 3 divers endings, the first is Mas. as bonus, the second fem. as bona, the third neuter as bonum, &c.An Adjective of three terminations.

Singulariter

N bonus, bona, bonū.
G. boni, bonae, boni.
D. bono, bonae, bono.
A. bonū, bonā, bonū.
V bone, bona, bonū.
A. bono, bona, bono.

Pluraliter

N. boni, bonae, bona.
G. bonorū, bonarū, bonorū.
D. bonis.
A. bonos, bonas, bona.
V. boni, bonae, bona.
A. bonis.

unus, one.

Singulariter

So Totus whole, solus alone, ullus any, uter whether of two, neuter neither.
N. unus, una, unum.
G. unius.
D. uni.
A. unum, unā, unū.
V. une, una, unum.
A. une, unâ, uno.

alter, another, or either.

Singulariter

N. alter, altera, alterū.
G. alterius.
D. alteri.
A. alterū, alterā, alterū.
V. caret.
A. altero, alterâ, altero.

Singulariter

Alius another.
N. alius, alia, aliud.
G. alius.
D. alii.
A. aliū, aliā, aliud.
V. caret.
A. alio, aliâ, alio.

Pluraliter

N. alii, aliae, alia.
G. aliorū, aliarū, aliorū.
D. aliis.
A. alios, alias, alia.
V. caret.
A. aliis.

duo, two.

Pluraliter

Duo and ambo are sometimes used for duos and ambos.
N. duo, duae, duo.
G. duorū, duarū, duorum.
D. duobus, duabus, duobus.
A. duos, duas, duo.
V. duo, duae, duo.
A. duobus, duabus, duobus.

ambo, both.

Pluraliter

N. ambo, ambae, ambo.
G. amborū, ambarum, amborum.
D. ambobus, ambabus, ambobus.
A. ambos, ambas, ambo.
V. ambo, ambae, ambo.
A. ambobus, ambabus, ambobus.

Pluraliter

[Page 9]Nom. tres, tria.
Gen. trium.
Dat. tribus.
Acc. tres, tria.
Voc. tres, tria.
Abl. tribus.

Pluraliter

Nom. quatuor.
Tres three. Quatuor four.

So all numbers cardinall to centum an hundred, inclusively.
Gen. quatuor.
Dat. quatuor.
Acc. quatuor.
Voc. quatuor.
Abl. quatuor.

Singulariter

Nom. acer, acris, acre.
Genitivo acris.
Dativo acri.
Accusat. acrem, acre.
Voc. acer, acris, acre.
Ablativo acre, acri.

Singulariter

N. celer, celeris, celere.
Acer sharp. Celer swift. These are often declined without the first termination, like tristis. Nom. Acris, acre, &c. So silvester belonging to a wood, pedester belonging to foot, campester belonging to the field, equester belonging to horse, paluster belonging to a pool, or marish, volucer swift, celeber famous, saluber wholsom, alacer cheerfull, &c.
Gen celeris.
Dat celeri.
A. celerem, celere.
V. celer, celeris, celere.
Abl. celere, celeri.

Three degrees of Comparison.

THe Positive declares without excesse,

The positives and superlatives are declined like bonus. The comparative and superlative are formed of the first case to their positive in i, as from duri the genitive of durus, by adding or and us are made the comparative degrees, durior, and durius: and by adding s and simus is made durissimus, the superlative.

With the sign [more] Comparatives increase.

By [most] the bold Superlatives are known,

Beyond which there is no Comparison:

As durus, hard; durior, more hard; durissimus, most hard.

[Page 10]

An Adjective of the Comparative degree.

Singulariter

More hard, or harder.
Nom. durior, durius.
Gen. durioris.
Dat. duriori.
Ac. duriorem, durius.
Voc. durior, durius.
A. duriore vel duriori.

Pluraliter

N. duriores, duriora.
G. duriorum.
D. durioribus.
A. duriores, duriora.
V. duriores, duriora.
A. durioribus.

TO Adjectives in er we my contrive,

By adding rimus their superlative.

Veter is out of use, for which we use vetus.
Pulcher, fair;
Pulchrior, more fair;
Pulcherrimus, most fair.

Veter, old;
Veterior, more old;
Veterrimus most old.

IF before finall [us] a vowell be,

Compare with magis, and with maximè.

Arduus, hard;
magis arduus more hard;
maximè arduus most hard.

Igneus, fiery.
magis igneus.
maximè igneus.

Adjectives that come from dico to say, volo to will, loquor to speak, facio to do, form their degrees as if they came from positives in ens.

Maledicus an evil speaker.
maledicentior,
maledicentissimus.

Benevolus kinde.
benevolentior,
benevolentissimus.

[Page 11]Magniloquus, a great talker.
magniloquentior,
magniloquentissimus.

Magnificus, magnificent.
magnificentior,
magnificentissimus.

Comparisons defective. These want the Positive.

Prior, the former.
Ocyor, more swift.
Deterior, worse.
Penitior, more inward.

Primus the first.
Ocyssimus most swift.
Deterrimus worst.
Penitissimus, most inward.

These want the Comparative.

Novus, new.
Invitus, unwilling.
Inclytus, famous.
Diversus, different.
Meritus, deserving.
Sacer, holy.
Falsus, false.
Fidus, faithfull.
Nuperus, late.

Novissimus, newest, of last.
Invitissimus, most unwilling.
Inclytissimus, most famous.
Diversissimus, most different.
Meritissimus, most deserving.
Sacerrimus, most holy.
Falsissimus, most false.
Fidissimus most faithfull.
Nuperrimus, most late.

These want the Superlative.

Dexter, lucky.
Sinister, unlucky.
Opimus, fat.
Juvenis, young.
Senex, old.
Declivis, steep.
Longinquus, far.
Salutaris, healthfull.
Supinus,
or upward
carelesse:

Dexterior, more lucky.
Sinisterior, more unlucky.
Opimior, more fat.
Junior, the younger.
Senior, the elder.
Declivior, more steep.
Longinquior, more far.
Salutarior, more healthfull.
Supinior, more carelesse.

[Page 12]

Adverbs and Prepositions compared.

Saepe, often.
Some Adjectives may be formed from Prepositions. Thence also
saepius, more often.
saepissimè, most often.

Diu, long.
diutius, longer.
diutissimè, most long.

Vltra, beyond,	ulterior,	ultimus.
Citra, on this side,	citerior,	citimus.
Prope, neer,	propior,	proximior. proximus.

Adjectives irregular.

Bonus, good,	melior,	optimus.
Malus, evill,	pejor,	possimus.
Magnus, great,	major,	maximus.
Parvus, little,	minor,	minimus.
Nequā, wicked,	nequior,	nequissimus.
Dives, rich,	For divitior by Sincope, but some will have it from Dis not dives. ditior,	ditissimus.
Exterus, outward,	exterior,	extremus.
Inferus, below,	inferior,	infimus.
Superus, above,	superior,	supremus.
Posterus, late,	posterior,	postremus.
Facilis, easie,	facilior,	facillimus.
Gracilis, small,	gracilior,	gracillimus.
Humilis, humble,	humilior,	humillimus.
Similis, like,	similior,	simillimus.
Agilis, nimble,	agilior,	agillimus.
Docilis, docible,	docilior,	docillimus.
Multum, much,	plus,	plurimum.

[Page 13]

Pronouns, nineteen.Some are demonstratives, as Ego tu, sui. Some possessive, as meus, tuus, suus, &c. Relat. qui. Interrogat. as cujas, cujus, quis.

PRonouns are words that do supply the place

of Nouns, and have their Gender, Number, Case.

Ego, tu, sui. ille, ipse, is,

Hic. iste, meus, tuus, suus, quis,

Qui, noster, vester, nostras, vestras; some

To Cujas adde cujus, cuja, cujum.

Singulariter

Nom. Ego I.
Gen. mei of me.
Da. mihi to me.
Acc. me me.
Voc. caret.
Abl. me me.

Pluraliter

Nom. nos we.
Egomet, &c
Ge. nostrū vel nostri of us.
Dat. nobis to us.
Acc. nos us.
Voc. caret.
Abl. nobis. us.

Ego is a Pronoun of the first person, or a person speaking of himself.

Singulariter

Nom Tu thou, you.
Gen tui of thee.
Dat. tibi to thee.
Acc. te thee.
Voc. o tu o you.
Abl. te you.

Pluraliter

Nom. vos yee.
Tuimet, &c.
G. vestrum vel vestri.
Dat. vobis.
Acc. vos. ye.
Voc. o vos o ye.
Abl. vobis you.

Tu is the Pronoun of the second person, or a person that is spoken to, and of this person is every Vocative case.

he. she. that.

Singulariter

Nom. ille, illa, illud.
G. illius, his or hers.
D. illi, to him.
Ac. illum, illā, illud.
Voc. caret.
Abl. illo, illa, illo.

they. those.Sing. Accu. Ellum behold him, illam her. Plural. Acc. Ellos, ellas [...] But ipse is declined ipse, ipsa, ipsū, in the rest like ille.

Pluraliter

Nom. illi, illae, illa,
G illorū, illaru, illorū, their.
D. illis.
Acc. illos, illas, illa.
Voc. caret.
A. illis. So iste he.

Singulariter & Pluraliter

[Page 14]
Silimet, &c
Nomnativo caret.
Genitivo sui, of him, or themselves.
Dativo sibi, to him, or themselves.
Accusativo se, himself, or themselves.
Vocativo caret.
Ablativo se, him, or themselves.

this.

Singulariter

Nom. hic, haec, hoc.
Nom. istic, istac, istoc, Accusat. istunc, istanc istoc. Ablat. istoc, istac, istoc. Plur. istaec. so illic. Nom. hiccine, haccine, heccine. Accusat. hunccine, hanccine, hoccine. Ablat. hoccine, haccine, hoccine. Plur. haeccine, neut.
Gen. hujus.
Dat. huic.
Acc. hunc, hanc, hoc.
Voc. caret.
Ablat hoc, hac, hoc.

these.

Pluraliter

Nom. hi, hae, haec.
Gen horū, harū, horū,
Dat. his.
Acc. hos, has, haec.
Voc. caret.
Abl. his.

Nom. idem, the same, eadem, idem. Gen. ejusdem, &c. Sing. Acc. eccum, behold him, eccam, her. Plur. Acc. eccos, them, eccas.he, she, that.

Singulariter

Nom is, ea, id.
Gen. ejus, his, hers.
Dat. ei, him.
Acc. eum, eam, id.
Voc caret.
Abl. eo, eâ, eo.

their.

Pluraliter

Nom. ii, eae, ea.
G. eorum, earum, eorum,
Dat. iis vel eis.
Acc. eos, eas, ea.
Voc. caret.
Abl. iis vel eis.

which.

Singulariter

Nom. qui, quae, quod.
Gen. cujus.
Dat. cui.
Acc. quem, quā, quod.
Vo. caret.
A. quo, quâ, quo vel qui.

Pluraliter

Nom. qui, quae, quae.
Gen. quorum, quarum, quorum.
D quibus vel queis.
Acc. quos, quas, quae.
Voc. caret.
Abl. quibus vel queis.

every one, any one, whosoever, a certain, or some man. So quilibet, quivis, quicun (que), quidam.

[Page 15]

who. what.

Singulariter

Nom. quis, quae, quid.
Gen. cujus, whose.
Dat. cui.
Acc. quem, quam, quid.
Voc. caret.
Abl. quo, quâ, quo, vel qui.

Pluraliter

Nom. qui, quae, quae.
So ecquis who, but the other compounds make qua and quid, as siquis if any, siqua, siquid; aliquis any, aliqua, aliquid, vel aliqoud, &c.
Gen. quorum, quarum, quorum.
Dat. quibus.
Ac. quos, quas, quae.
Voc. caret.
Abl. quibus.

So quispiam any, quisnam who, quisquam any one, quisque every one.

Singulariter

whosoever, whatsoever.
No. quisquis, quicquid.
G. cujuscujus.
Dat. cuicui.
Acc. quēquē, quicquid.
Voc. caret.
Abl. quoquo.

Pluraliter

Nom. quiqui.
G. quorumquorū.
D. quibusquibus.
A. quosquos.
V. caret.
A. quibusquibus.

Meus my, or mine, tuus thine, suus his, or their, noster our, vester your, cujus whose, are declined like bonus, except that meus in the Vocat. is mi, mea, meum.

Nostras our countrey man, or one of our side, vestras your, &c. cujas whose, &c. are declined like felix.

[Page 16]

Verbs in [o] and [or] are called personall, because they are declined with three persons in both numbers. Actives may take [...] to be made passive personals, verbs neuter cannot. Some neuters signifie passively, and are called neuter passives, as vapulo I am whipt.Verbs Personall four, Active, Passive, Neuter, Deponent.

VErbs have their mood and tense, and signifie

Either to do, to suffer, or to be.

Amare to love, amari to be loved, esse to be.

THe Active verb doth signifie to do,

So many the Neuter, both must end in o.

Amo I love. Curro I run.

PAssive, Deponent, both in [or] do run,

To do Deponent, Passive to be done.

Amor I am loved. Loquor I do speak.

Persons, three.

WIth Verbs three Persons in both numbers may

Joyn, and agree, I, Thou, He, We, Ye, They.

Singular.

Ego amo I love,
tu amas thou lovest,
ille amat he loveth.

Plural.

nos amamus we love.
vos amatis ye love.
illi amant they love.

Moods, four.

INdicatives tell plainly, or make known

their Mood, by asking of a question.

Amat he loveth, amas tu dost thou love?

[Page 17]

IMperatives we cleerly understand,

Imperatives want the first person.

Receive both name and nature from Command.

Ama love thou.
Monete vos do ye advise.
Legito ille let him reade.
Sunto let them be.

MAy, might, would, should, Subjunctives nominate,

Or when some Adverbs, or Conjunctions wait.

Si faciam if I do. Ʋt videam that I may see, or let me see.

INfinitives which [to] before them use,

Number and person in their Mood refuse.

Amare to love. Possum facere I am able to do, or I can do.

Gerunds, three. Supines, tvvo.

IN di, do, dum, the Gerunds chime and close;

[um] the first Supine, [u] the latter shews.

Amandi of loving, amando in loving, amandum to love.

Monitum to advise, monitu to be advised.

Tenses, five.

FIve tenses which their signes discover still,

I do, I did, I have, had, shall or will.

Present tense, as amo I do love.Time present.

Preterimperfect tense, amabam I did love.

Preterperfect tense, amavi I have loved.Time past.

Preterpluperfect tense, amaveram I had loved.

Future tense, amabo I shall or will love.Time to come.

But if these signes come not before verbs, then they are verbs of themselves, as I do facio, I did faciebam, or feci, &c. I have habeo, I had habui, I will volo, I would velim, vellem. I will not nolo, nolim, I would not nollem, I can possum, I could potui, &c. I ought [Page 18] debeo, debui, deberem, I might possim, possem; so likewise the Passive signes, am, art, is, are, was, wert, were, have been, had been, shall or will be. I am sum; I was eram, essem; I have been fui, fuerim; I had been fueram, fuissem; I shall or will be ero, fuero.

Conjugations, four.

THe first hath [a] long before [re] and [tis,]

[e] long the second Conjugation is:

The infinitive [e] short the third designes,

But with [i] long, [io] the fourth declines.

Active.

Amare to love.
Monere to advise.
Legere to reade.
Audire to hear.

Passive.

amâris vel amâre, thou art loved.
monéris vel monêre thou art advised
legeris vel legere thou art read.
audîris vel audîre thou art heard.

Amo, amas, amavi, amare, amandi, amando, amandum, amatum, amans, amaturus to love.

Moneo, mones, monui, monére, monendi, monendo, monendum, monitum, monens, moniturus to advise.

Lego, legis, legi, legere, legendi, legendo, legendum, lectum, legens, lecturus to reade.

Audio, audis, audivi, audire, audiendi, audiendo, audiendum, auditum, audiens, auditurus to hear.

[Page 19]

Indicative Mood Active of the first Conjugation.

Present tense.

Singular.

Amo I do love.
Amas thou dost
Amat he doth

Plural.

Amamus we do
Amatis ye do
Amant they do

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Amabam I did love.
Amabas thou didst
Amabat he did

Plural.

Amabamus we did
Amabatis ye did
Amabant they did

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Amavi I have loved.
Amavisti thou hast
Amavit he hath

Plural.

Amavimus we have
Amavistis ye have
Amavêrunt vel Amavêre they have

Prterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Amaveram I had loved.
Amaveras thou hadst
Amaverat he had

Plural.

Amaveramus we had
Amaveratis ye had
Amaverant they had

Future tense.

Singular.

Amabo I shall or will love.
Amabis thou shalt or wilt
Amabit he shall or will

Plural.

Amabimus we shal or wil
Amabitis ye shall or will
Amabunt they shal or wil

Imperative Mood.

Present tense.

Sing.

Ama, vel amato tu love thou.
Amato ille let him love.

Plur.

Amate, vel amatote vos love ye.
Amanto illi let them love

Subjunctive Mood, ut that, si if.

Present tense.

Singular.

Amem I may love.
Ames thou maiest
Amet he may

Plural.

Amemus we may
Ametis ye may
Ament they may

This Tense supplies the first persons of the Imperative Mood, [Page 20] and may be used generally for it, with the Conjunction ut, as ut videam let me see, cures have you a care, fiat let it be done, faciamus let us make, sitis be ye, valeant let them go, or fare they well; here may be understood velim, jubeo, fac, jus, est, &c.

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Amarem I did, might, would, should love.
Amares thou didst
Amaret he did

Plural.

Amaremus we did
Amaretis ye did
Amarent they did

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Amaverim I have loved.
Amaveris thou hast
Amaverit he hath

Plural.

Amaverimus we have
Amaveritis ye have
Amaverint they have

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Amavissem I had loved.
Amavisses thou hadst
Amavisset he had

Plural.

Amavissemus we had
Amavissetis ye had
Amavissent they had

Future tense.

Singular.

Amavero I shal or will love.
Amaveris thou shalt or wilt
Amaverit he shall or will

Plural.

Amaverîmus we shall
Amaverîtis ye shall
Amaverint they shall

Infinitive Mood.

Present, and Preterimperfect tense.

Amare to love.

Preterperfect, and Preterpluperfect tense.

Amavisse to have or had loved.

Although the Infinitives in [rum,] as amaturum, moniturum; and the like, were anciently used when they answered without altering their termination, to every number and gender, as credo inimicos meos hoc dicturum, I believe that my enemies will say this; yet they are not now in use with the best Authors, who supply this tense by the Participle in rus, alterable both in gender and number (of which infinitive Verbs are not capable) before [Page 21] esse or fore, as when we would say, I promise that I will satisfie, in stead of promitto quod ego satisfaciam, by plain congruity, we say elegantly, promitto me satisfacturum, and so in the plurall nos, vos, aut illos satisfacturos esse pollicemur, we promise that we, ye, or they shall satisfie; Illae dixerunt se empturas, the women said they would buy; and so in the neuter, by altering the gender to agree with the substantive. The like may be said for the future of the passive infinitive verb, by the participle in dus.

Gerunds.

Amandi of loving, amando in loving, amandum to love.

First Supine.

Amatum to love.

Participles.

Present tense. Amans loving.

Future tense. Amaturus to love, or about to love.

The first Conjugation Passive.

Amor, amâris vel amâre, [amatus] amari, amatu, amandus.

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Amor I am loved.
Amaris vel amare thou art
Amatur he is

Plural.

Amamur we are
Amamini ye are
Amantur they are

Preterimperfect tense

Singular.

Amabar I was loved.
Amabaris vel amabare thou wert
Amabatur he was

Plural.

Amabamur we were
Amabamini ye were
Amabantur they were

Future tense.

Singular.

Amabor I shall or wil be lov.
Amaberis vel amabere thou
Amabitur he shall or will

Plural.

Amabimur we shal or wil
Amabimini ye shall or wil
Amabuntur they shall

[Page 22]

Imperative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Amare vel amator tu be thou loved.
Amator ille let him be loved.

Plural.

Amamini vel amaminor vos be ye love.
Amantor illi let them be loved.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Amer I may be loved.
Ameris vel amere thou maiest
Ametur he may

Plural.

Amemur we may
Amemini ye may
Amentur they may

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Amarer I was, might, would, should be loved.
Amareris vel amarere thou wert
Amaretur he was

Pluraliter

Amaremur we were
Amaremini ye were
Amarentur they were

Infinite Mood.

Present, and Preterimperfect tense. Amari to be loved.

Last Supine.

Amatu to be loved.

The Gerunds are here the same as in the actives, but seldom used in the passive English.

Participles.

Preter tense. Amatus loved. Future amandus to be loved.

The second Conjugation Active.
Inidicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Moneo I do advise.
Mones thou doest
Monet he doth

Plural.

Monemus we do
Monetis ye do
Monent they do

[Page 23]

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Monebam I did advise.
Monebas thou didst
Monebat he did

Plural.

Monebamus we did
Monebatis ye did
Monebant they did

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Monui I have advised.
Monuisti thou hast
Monuit he hath

Plural.

Monuimus we have
Monuistis ye have
Monuêrunt vel monuêre they have

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Monuissem I had advised.
Monuisses thou hadst
Monuisset he had

Plural.

Monuissemus we had
Monuissetis ye had
Monuissent they had

Future tense.

Singulariter

Monebo I shall or will advise.
Monebis thou shalt or wilt
Monebit he shall or will

Pluraliter

Monebimus we shal or wil
Monebitis ye shall or will
Monebunt they shall or will

Imperative Mood.

Singulariter

Mone vel moneto tu do thou advise.
Moneto ille let him advise.

Pluraliter

Monete vel monetote vos advise ye.
Monento illi let them advise.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Moneam I may advise.
Moneas thou maist
Moneat he may

Plural.

Moneamus we may
Moneatis ye may
Moneant they may

Preterimperfect tense.

Singulariter

Monerem I did, might, would, or should advise.
Moneres thou didst
Moneret he did

Pluraliter

Moneremus we did
Moneretis ye did
Monerent they did

[Page 24]

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Monuerim I have advised.
Monueris thou hast
Monuerit he hath

Plural.

Monuerimus we have
Monueritis ye have
Monuerint they have

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Monuissem I had advised.
Monuisses thou hadst
Monuisset he had

Plural.

Monuissemus we had
Monuissetis ye had
Monuissent they had

Future tense.

Singulariter

Monuero I shall or will advise.
Monueris thou shalt or wilt
Monuerit he shall or will

Pluraliter

Monuerîmus we shall or will
Monuerîtis ye shall or wil
Monuerint they shall

Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterimperfect tense.

Monere to advise.

Preterperfect, and Preterpluperfect tense.

Monuisse to have or had advised.

Gerunds.

Monendi of advising, Monendo in advising, Monendum to advise.

First Supine.

Monitum to advise.

Participles.

Present tense, Monens advising.

Future, Moniturus to advise, about, or ready to advise.

[Page 25]

The second Conjugation Passive.

Moneor, monêris vel monêre, [monitus,] moneri, monitu, monendus.

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Moneor I am advised.
Monêris vel monêre thou art
Monetur he is

Plural.

Monemur we are
Monemini ye are
Monentur they are

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Monebar I was advised.
Monebâris vel monebâre
Monebatur he was

Plural.

Monebamur we were
Monebamini ye were
Monebantur they were

Future tense.

Singulariter

Monebor I shall or will be advised.
Moneberis vel monebere
Monebitur he shall or will

Pluraliter

Monebimur we shall or will
Monebimini ye shall
Monebuntur they shall

Imperative Mood.

Singulariter

Monere, monetor tu be thou advised.
Monetor ille let him be advised.

Pluraliter

Monemini vel moneminor be ye advised.
Monentor illi let them be advised.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Monear I may be advised.
Monearis vel moneare thou
Moneatur he may

Plural.

Moneamur we may
Moneamini ye may
Moneantur they may

[Page 26]

Preterimperfect tense.

Singulariter

Monerer I was, might, would, or should be advised.
Monereris vel monerere
Moneretur he was

Pluraliter

Moneremur we were
Moneremini ye were
Monerentur they were

Infinitive Mood.

Present and preterimperfect tense. Moneri to be advised.

Last Supine.

Monitu to be advised.

Participles.

Preter tense. Monitus advised.

Future tense. Monendus to be advised.

The third Conjugation Active.
Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Lego I do reade.
Legis thou dost
Legit he doth

Plural.

Legimus we do
Legitis ye do
Legunt they do

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Legebam I did reade.
Legebas thou didst
Legebat he did

Plural.

Legebamus we did
Legebatis ye did
Legebant they did

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Legi I have read.
Legisti thou hast
Legit he hath

Plural.

Legimus we have
Legistis ye have
Legêrunt vel Legêre they have

[Page 27]

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Legeram I have read.
Legeras thou hadst
Legerat he had

Plural.

Legeramus we had
Legeratis ye had
Legerant they had

Future tense.

Singular.

Legam I shall or will reade.
Leges thou shalt
Leget he shall

Plural.

Legemus we shall
Legetis ye shall
Legent they shall

Imperative Mood

Singulariter

Lege vel Legito tu reade thou.
Legito ille let him reade.

Pluraliter

Legite vel legitote vos reade ye.
Legunto illi let them reade.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Legam I may reade.
Legas thou maiest
Legat he may

Plural.

Legamus we may
Legatis ye may
Legant they may

Preterimperfect tense.

Singulariter

Legerem I did, might, would, or should reade.
Legeres thou didst
Legeret he did

Pluraliter

Legeremus we did
Legeretis ye did
Legerent they did

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Legerim I have read.
Legeris thou hast
Legerit he hath

Plural.

Legerimus we have
Legeritis ye have
Legerint they have

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Legissem I had read.
Legisses thou hadst
Legisset he had

Plural.

Legissemus we had
Legissetis ye had
Legissent they had

Future tense.

Singular.

Legero I shall or will reade.
Legeris thou shalt or wilt
Legerit he shall or will

Plural.

Legerîmus we shall or will
Legerîtis ye shall or will
Legerint they shall or will

[Page 28]

Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterimperfect tense. Legere to reade. Preterperfect and Preterpluperfect tense. Legisse to have or had read.

Gerunds.

Legendi of reading. Legendo in reading. Legendum to reade. First Supine. Lectum to reade.

Participles.

Present tense. Legens reading. Future tense. Lecturus to reade.

The third Conjugation Passive.

Legor, legeris vel legere, [lectus] legi, lectu, legendus to be read.

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Legor I am read.
Legeris vel Legere thou art
Legitur he is

Plural.

Legimur we are
Legimini ye are
Leguntur they are

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Legebar I was read.
Legebaris vel Legebare thou wert
Legebatur he was

Plural.

Legebamur we were
Legebamini ye were
Legebantur they were

Future tense.

Singular.

Legar I shall or will reade.
Legeris vel legere thou shalt
Legetur he shall

Plural.

Legemur we shall
Legemini ye shall
Legentur they shall

[Page 29]

Imperative Mood.

Singular.

Legere vel legitor tu be thou read.
Legitor ille let him be read.

Plural.

Legimini vel legiminor vos be ye read.
Leguntor illi let them be

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Legar I may be read.
Legaris vel Legare thou
Legator he may

Plural.

Legamur we may
Legamini ye may
Legantur they may

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Legerer I was, might, would, should be read.
Legereris vel Legerere thou wert
Legeretur he was

Pluraliter

Legeremur we were
Legeremini ye were
Legerentur they were

Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterimperfect tense.

Legi to be read.

Last Supine.

Lectu to be read.

Participles.

Preter tense. Lectus read.
Future. Legendus to be read.

The fourth Conjugation Active.
Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Audio I hear.
Audis thou dost
Audit he doth

Plural.

Audimus we do
Auditis ye do
Audiunt they do

[Page 30]

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Audiebam I heard.
Audiebas thou didst
Audiebat he had

Plural.

Audiebamus we did
Audiebatis ye did
Audiebant they did

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Audivi I have heard.
Audivisti thou hast
Audivit he hath

Plural.

Audivimus we have
Audivistis ye have
Audiverunt vel audivere they

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Audiveram I had heard.
Audiveras thou hadst
Audiverat he had

Plural.

Audiveramus we had
Audiveratis ye had
Audiverant they had

Future tense.

Singulariter.

Audiam I shall or will hear.
Audies thou shalt or wilt
Audiet he shall or will

Pluraliter

Audiemus we shall or will
Audietis ye shall or will
Audient they shall or will

Imperative Mood.

Singulariter

Audi vel Audito tu hear thou.
Audito ille let him hear.

Pluraliter

Audite vel auditote vos hear ye.
Audiunto illi let them hear.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Audiam I may or can hear.
Audias thou maiest
Audiat he may

Plural.

Audiamus we may
Audiatis ye may
Audiant they may

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Audirem I did, might, would, or should hear.
Audires thou didst
Audiret he did

Pluraliter

Audiremus we did
Audiretis ye did
Audirent they did

[Page 31]

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Audiverim I have heard.
Audiveris thou hast
Audiverit he hath

Plural.

Adiverimus we have
Audiveritis ye have
Audiverint they have

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Audivissem I had heard.
Audivisses thou hadst
Audivisset he had

Plural.

Audivissemus we had
Audivissetis ye had
Audivissent they had

Future tense.

Singular.

Audivero I shal or wil hear.
Audiveris thou shalt
Audiverit he shall

Plural.

Audiverîmus we shall
Audiverîtis ye shall
Audiverint they shall

Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterimperfect tense.

Audire to hear.

Preterperfect and Preterpluperfect tense.

Audivisse to have or had heard.

First Supine. Auditum to hear.

Participles.

Present tense. Audiens hearing.

Future tense. Auditurus to hear, or about to hear.

The fourth Conjugation Passive.

Audior, audîris vel audîre [auditus,] audire, auditu, audiendus to be heard.

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Audior I am heard.
Audiris vel audire thou art
Auditur he is

Plural.

Audimur we are
Audimini ye are
Audiuntur they are

[Page 32]

Preterimperfect tense.

Singulariter

Audiebar I was heard.
Audievaris vel audiebare thou wert
Audiebatur he was

Pluraliter

Audiebamur we were
Audiebamini ye were
Audiebantur they were

Future tense.

Singular.

Audiar I shall or will be
Audieris vel Audiere thou
Audietur he shall

Plural.

Audiemur we shall
Audiemini ye shall
Audientur they shall

Imperative Mood.

Singulariter

Audire vel auditor tu be thou heard.
Auditor ille let him be heard.

Pluraliter

Audimini vel audiminor vos be ye heard.
Audiuntor illi let them be heard.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Audiar I may be heard.
Audiaris vel audiare thou
Audiatur he may

Plural.

Audiamur we may
Audiamini ye may
Audiantur they may

Preterimperfect tense.

Singulariter

Audirer I was, might, would, or should be heard.
Audirêris vel audirêre thou wert
Audiretur he was

Pluraliter

Audiremur we were
Audiremini ye were
Audirentur they were

Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterimperfect tense. Audiri to be heard.

Last Supine.

Auditu to be heard.

Participles.

Preter tense. Auditus heard. Future. Audiendus to be heard.

[Page 33]

Deponents are declined like verbs Passives in their several Conjugations, but have their Gerunds.

Hortor, hortâris vel hortâre, [hortatus] hortari, hortandi, hortando, hortandum, hortatum, hortaturus, hortandus to exhort.

Participles of the Preter tense in Verbs Deponents have Active and Passive signification,In Verbs Deponents we must fancy a regular active, as declining, horrto, hortas, hortavi, &c. and from hortatum to form hortatus by changing m into s. because their Verbs anciently were held common.

Their Participles in [dus] alwayes signifie passively.

Anomalies.

Sum, es, fui, esse, futurus to be.

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Sum I am.
Es thou art.
Est he is.

Plural.

Sumus we are.
Estis ye are.
Sunt they are.

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Eram I was.
Eras thou wert.
Erat he was.

Plural.

Eramus we were.
Eratis ye were.
Erant they were.

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Fui I have been.
Fuisti thou hast been.
Fuit he hath been.

Plural.

Fuimus we have
Fuistis ye have
Fuêrunt vel fuêre they have

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Fueram I had been.
Fueras thou hadst
Fuerat he had

Plural.

Fueramus we had
Fueratis ye had
Fuerant they had

[Page 34]

Future tense.

Singular.

Ero I shall or will be.
Eris thou shalt or wilt
Erit he shall or will

Plural.

Erimus we shall or will
Eritis ye shall or will
Erunt they shall or will

Imperative Mood.

Singular.

Esto tu be thou.
Esto ille be he, or let him be.

Plural.

Este vel Estote vos be ye.
Sunto illi let them be.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Sim I may be.
Sis thou mayest
Sit he may

Plural.

Simus we may be.
Sitis ye may
Sint they may.

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Essem I was.
Esses thou wert.
Esset he was.

Plural.

Essemus we were.
Essetis ye were.
Essent they were.

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Fuerim I have been.
Fueris thou hast
Fuerit he hath

Plural.

Fuerimus we have
Fueritis ye have
Fuerint they have

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Fuissem I had been.
Fuisses thou hadst
Fuisset he had

Plural.

Fuissemus we had
Fuissetis ye had
Fuissent they had

Future tense.

Singular.

Fuero I shall or will be.
Fueris thou shalt or wilt
Fuerit he shall or will

Plural.

Fuerimus we shall or will
Fueritis ye shall or will
Fuerint they shall or will

Infinitive Mood.

Present, and Preterimperfect tense. Esse to be.

Preterperfect, and preterpluperf. tense. Fuisse to have or had been.

Participle future.

Futurus to be.

[Page 35]

Verbs in [or] have no Preterperfect tenses, nor Preterpluperfect tenses, nor the Future tenses of the Subjunctive or Infinitive Mood, but these are supplied by the Participles of the Pretertense, (which admit of severall genders,) and the Verb Sum in the severall tenses, or by the first Supine, and the Passive Infinitive [iri,] as when you would say, I have been loved, it is expressed by amatus sum vel fui, or sim vel fuerim; she had been admonished, monita erat vel fuerat, or esset vel fuisset; It shall or will be read, lectum erit vel fuerit, so amatum esse vel fuisse, me, te, aut illum, that I, thou, or he hath been loved; amatum iri, me, te, aut illum, that I, thou, or he are to be loved. Postquam audierat non datum iri uxorem filio, after he heard a wife was not to be given to his son, which may be resolved by the Participle in [dus,] and [esse,] as postquam audierat non dandam esse uxorem filio. The like circumlocution is allowed to the Participles in [rus,] and [dus,]

Eo to go.

Eo, is, ivi, ire, eundi, eundo, eundum, itum, iens, iturus!

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Eo I go.
Is thou goest.
It he goeth.

Plural.

Imus we go.
It is ye go.
Eunt they go.

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Ibam I did go, or went.
Ibas thou didst
Ibat he did

Plural.

Ibamus we did
Ibatis ye did
Ibant they did

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Ivi I have gone, or went.
Ivisti thou hast
Ivit he hath

Plural.

Ivimus we have
Ivistis ye have
Ivêrunt vel ivêre they have

[Page 36]

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Iveram I had gone.
Iveras thou hadst
Iverat he had

Plural.

Iveramus we had
Iveratis ye had
Iverant they had

Future tense.

Singular.

Ibo I shall or will go.
Ibis thou shalt or wilt
Ibit he shall or will

Plural.

Ibimus we shall or will
Ibitis ye shall or will
Ibunt they shall or will

Imperative Mood.

Sing.

I, vel ito tu go thou.
Ito ille let him go.

Pl.

Ite vel Itote vos go ye.
eunto illi let them go.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Sing.

Eam I go.
Eas thou goest.
Eat he goeth.

Plural.

Eamus we go.
Eatis ye go.
Eant they go.

Preterimperfect tense.

Singular.

Irem I did, would or should go.
Ires thou didst
Iret he did

Pl.

Iremus we did
Iretis ye did
Irent they did

Preterperfect tense.

Singular.

Iverim I have gone.
Iveris thou hast
Iverit he hath

Plural.

Iverimus we have
Iveritis ye have
Iverint they have.

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.

Ivessem I had gone.
Ivisses thou hadst
Ivisset he had

Plural.

Ivissemus we had
Ivissetis ye had
Ivissent they had

Future tense.

Sing.

Ivero I shall or will go.
Iveris thou shalt or wilt
Iverit he shall or will

Plur.

Iverîmus we shall or will
Iverîtis ye shall or will
Iverint they shall or will

[Page 37]

Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterimperfect tense. Ire to go.

Preterperfect and Preterpluperfect tense. Ivisse to have or had gone.

Gerunds.

Eundi of going. Eundo in going. Eundum to go.

Supine. Itum to go.

Participles.

Present tense. Iens. Future Iturus to go.

Queo I can, and Nequeo I cannot, are declined like Eo, but that they want the Imperative Mood, the Gerunds, and Present tense Participle.

Possum, potes, potui, posse to may or can, or to be able.

Volo, vis, volui, velle, volendi, volendo, volendum, volens to will▪ or to be willing.

Nolo, nonvis, nolui, nolle, nolendi, do, dum, Ex non & volo. Ex magis & volo. nolens to will not, or be unwilling.

Malo, mavis, malui, malle, malendi, do, dum, malens to had rather, to wish rather, or prefer.

Fero, fers tuli, ferre, ferendi, do, dum, latum, ferens, Fero borrows a preterfect tense from an old Verb Tulo, and may be of the third Conjugation, admitting the figure Syncope in some tenses, as Fers, fert, fertis, ferto, ferte, ferrem, ferre, for Feris, ferit, feritis, ferito, ferite, fererem, ferere, and so in the passive. Fio is a neuter passive, and borrows the preterperfect tense factus, the last Supine factu, and the participle in [dus] faciendus, from the old passive facior of facio. laturus to bear, to bring, or report.

Fio, fis, factus, fieri, factu, faciendus to be made or done.

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Singular.

Possum I may or can.
Potes you may
Potest he may

Plural.

Possumus we may
Potestis ye may
Possunt they may

Sing.

[Page 38]Volo I will.
Vis thou wilt.
Vult he will.

Plural.

Volumus we will.
Vultis ye will.
Volunt they will.

Sing.

Nolo I will not.
Nonvis you will not.
Nonvult he will not.

Plural.

Nolumus we will not.
Nonvultis ye will not.
Nolunt they will not.

Sing.

Malo I had rather.
Mavis thou hadst rather.
Mavult he had rather.

Plural.

Malumus we had rather.
Mavultis ye had rather.
Malunt they had rather.

Sing.

Fero I bear.
Fers thou bearest.
Fert he beareth.

Plural.

Ferimus we bear.
Fertis ye bear.
Ferunt they bear.

Sing.

Fio I am made.
Fis thou art made.
Fit he is made.

Plural.

Fimus we are made.
Fitis ye are made.
Fiunt they are made.

Preterimperfect tense.

Singulariter	Poteram I could.	as, at. Pl. amus, atis, ant.
	Volebam I would.
	Nolebam I would not.
	Malebam I would rather.
	Ferebam I did bear.
	Fiebam I was made.

Preterperfect tense.

Singulariter	Potui I could.	isti, it. P. imus, istis, êrunt v. êre.
	Volui I would.
	Nolui I would not.
	Malui I would have rather.
	Tuli I have born.

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singulariter	Potueram I had been able.	as, at. Pl. amus, atis, ant.
	Volueram I had been will.
	Nolueram I had been unw.
	Maluerā I would have had rather.
	Tuleram I had born.

[Page 39]

Future tense.

Potero I shall be able.		ris, rit. pl. rimus, ritis, runt.
Singulariter	Volam I will.	es, et. pl. emus, etis, ent.
	Nolam I will not.
	Malam I will rather.
	Feram I will bear.
	Fiam I shall be made.

Imperative Mood.

Sing.

Noli nolito tu do not thou.
Fer ferto tu bear thou.
Ferto ille let him bear.
Fito tu be thou made.
Fito ille let him be made.

Pl.

Nolite nolitote vos do not ye.
Ferte fertote vos bear ye.
Ferunto illi let them bear.
Fitote vos be ye made.
Fiunto illi let them be

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Singulariter	Possim I may or can.	is, it. pl. îmus, îtis, int.
	Velim I will.
	Nolim I will not.
	Malim I will rather.
	Feram I may suffer.	as, at. pl. amus, atis, ant.
	Fiam I may be made.

Preterimperfect tense.

Singulariter	Possem I might or could.	es, at. pl. emus, etis, ent.
	Vellem I would.
	Nollem I would not.
	Mallem I would rather.
	Ferrem I would bear.
	Fierem I would be made.

Preterperfect tense.

Singulariter.	Potuerim I could.	ris, rit. pl. rimus, ritis, rint.
	Voluerim I would.
	Noluerim I would not.
	Maluerim I would have rather.
	Tulerim I have born.

[Page 40]

Preterpluperfect tense.

Singular.	Potuissem I had been able.	ses, set. pl. semus, setis, sent.
	Voluisse I had been willing
	Noluisse I had been unwil.
	Maluissem I had rather had.
	Tulissem I had born.

Future tense.

Singular.	Potuero I can hereafter.	ris, rit. pl. rimus, ritis, rint.
	Voluero I will.
	Noluero I will not.
	Maluero I shall rather.
	Tulero I will bear.

Infinitive Mood.

Pres. and Preterimp. tense.

Posse to can, or to be able.
Velle to will, or to be willing.
Nolle to will not, or to be unwilling.
Malle to have rather.
Ferre to bear.
Fieri to be made.

Preterperf. & Preterplup. tense

Potuisse to have been able.
Voluisse to have willed.
Noluissem not to have been willing.
Maluisse to have had rather.
Tulisse to have born.

Gerunds.

Volendi of willing. Volendo in being willing. Volendum to will.

Nolendi of not willing. Nolendo in not willing. Nolendū to wil not.

Malendi of wishing rather. Malendo in wishing ra. Malendū to wish rather.

Ferendi of bearing. Ferendo in bearing. Ferendum to bear.

Supines.

Latum to bear.
Factu to be made.

Participles.

Present tense.
- Volens willing.
- Nolens unwilling.
- Malens more willing.
- Ferens bearing. Future. Laturus to bear.
Preter tense. Factus made. Future. Faciendus to be made.

[Page 41]

Impersonall Verbs.Impersonals have commonly the sign [it] before their English.

IMpersonals through all tenses you will finde

Like a third person singular declin'd.

Placet it pleaseth.

Indic. Placet, placebat, And placitum in the preterperfect tense. The Participle joyned with the auxiliary Verb in impersonall passives, is used in the neuter. Verbs neuter may be impersonal passives, and answer to all persons, by understanding an Ablative with a Preposition, as itur a me, te, illo, i.e. eo, is, it, it is gone by me, thee, him, that is, I go, thou goest, he goeth, &c. When a deed is signified to be done of many, the neuter impersonall is elegant, as curritur, i.e omnes currunt, they all run. placuit, placuerat, placebit.

Subj. Placeat, placeret, placuerit, placuisset, placuerit.

Infinit. Placêre, placuisse.

Indic. Itur, ibatur, itum est vel fuit, itum erat vel fuerat, ibitur.

Subj. Eatur, iretur, itum sit vel fuerit, itum, esset vel fuisset, itum crit vel fuerit.

Infin. iri.

Participles, four.

DErived from Verbs, declined like nouns, are all

Those parts of speech we Participles call.

THe Participles of the Present tense

Participles of the Present tense are declined like felix. If the word in [ing] have [a] or [the] before it, it is a Noun Substantive, as Lectio a reading.

Have [ing] in English, Latine [ans] or [ens.]

Amans loving.
Audiens hearing.

BY d, t, n, the English Preter's known,

The Pretertense participle is formed of the first Supine, by turning [m] into [i] as amatum, amatus. Mortuus is excepted.

in tus, sus, xus, all the Latines run.

Loved, seen, knit.
Amatus, visus, nexus.

[Page 42]

This is formed likewise from the first Supine, by taking away [m] and adding [rus] as monitum, moniturus. The participle in [dus] may be formed of the participle of the Present tense, as from Amans, by changing [s] into [dus] amandus, and they follow the signes of the Verb passive, am, is, art, are, to be, &c. as Honorandi sunt Parentes, Our parents are to be Honoured. All participles in [us] are declined like bonus. All other like felix.

To do the Future signifies in [rus,]

And to be done, the Future tense in [dus.]

Adverbs.

ADverbs are parts of speech that must be joyn'd

In construing next to Verbs, to shew their minde.

A Longe afar off.
aliò to another place.
aliorsum somewhere else.
aliquando sometimes.
aliàs at another time.
abhinc from hence.
adeò so.
agè go to, or go on.
aliter otherwise.
abunde sufficiently.
aliquà any way.
actutum out of hand.
affatim plentifully.
adversùm toward.
alibi elsewhere.
aliquò any whither.
aliunde from another place.
aliquoties at sometimes.
adhuc as yet.
ad summùm at the most, or furthest.
aedipol truly.
amabò I prethee.
aegre very hardly.
alià another way.
auspicatim luckily.
aequè, ac as well, as.
anglicè in English.
aliquanto a little more.
BEnè well.
bis twice.
bifariam two manner of ways.
CRas to morrow.
cur why.
centies an hundred times.
conjunctim joyntly.
cominus near hand.
caelitus from heaven.
citò quickly.
casù by accident.
cariùs dearer.
DIu a long time.
deorsum downward.
deinde after that, then.
dehinc from hence.
dudum a good while ago.
dextrorsum on the right hand.
[Page 43]denique to conclude, finally.
demum at length.
diutius longer.
donec while, untill.
dummodo so that.
dupliciter doubly.
desuper from above.
decies ten times.
EOdèm to the same place.
ehodum hark ye.
ecastor truly.
elonginquo a great way off.
etcetera and so forth.
e contrariò on the other side.
eò thither.
estò grant it, be it so.
ecce, en behold.
extempore without study, presently.
eminus far off.
FOras abroad.
funditus utterly.
frustra in vain.
forìs from abroad.
forte, forsan by chance.
furtim by theft, theevishly.
GRegatim by flocks, in whole flocks.
graviter grievously.
gnaviter diligently.
HIc here.
horsum to this point.
hàc this way.
heri yesterday.
haud not.
hucusque thus far.
huc hither.
hinc from hence.
hodie to day.
hactenus hitherto.
hercle truly.
IBi there.
illic thereabouts.
inferiùs below, or lower.
illuc thither.
intrò within.
jamdiu long since.
jampridem a long while since.
item also.
iterum agian, once more.
illàc that way.
interea, interim in the mean time.
imprimis in the first place.
invicem by turns.
impensè earnestly.
ibidem in the same place.
intus within.
infernè from below.
inde, illinc from thence.
indidem from the same place.
indies every day.
interdiu in the day time.
identidem estsoon.
itidem in like manner.
jam already.
in cassum to no purpose.
impunc scotfree, unpunished.
intrinsecus inwardly.
jocò in jest.
LIcèt although.
latè at large.
levorsum toward the left hand.
latinè in Latine.
leviusculè slightly.
licitò lawfully.
licenter over freely.
[Page 44]Manè in the morning.
medius fidius i'le besworn.
multò, multum much.
magis more.
memoriter by heart, without book
minimè by no means, no.
modò only, so that.
maximè yes, especially.
minùs lesse.
multifariam many manner of wayes.
millies a thousand times.
NEcubi, nullibi not any where.
neutrò on neither side.
nudiustertiùs tother day.
novissimè lastly, newly.
non no, not.
nimirum that is to say, to wit.
nominatim by name.
nondum not as yet.
nusquam no where.
novies nine times.
nequò no whither.
nuper of late.
nunquam never.
num, numquid what, whether.
nequaquam not at all, by no means.
nempe that is, indeed.
nimis, nimium too much, overmuch.
necnon and.
nae truly.
OLim once upon a time, heretofore, hereafter.
oppidatim by the Towns.
omnifariam every manner of way
otiosè at leisure.
o si o that.
omnino wholly, altogether.
ostiatim from door to door.
octies eight times.
PƲta as, imagine.
probè very well.
pridie the day before.
pridem a little while since.
parum a little.
plerunque often, for the most part.
primò first.
prorsus wholly, altogether.
pariter alike, in like manner.
potissimùm chiefly.
pejùs worse.
perendie two dayes hence.
postridie the day after.
paulisper a little time.
parumper a little while.
postremò last of all.
profecto truly.
pol surely, or truly.
potius rather.
paulatim by little and little.
pedetentim step by step.
propemodùm in a manner, so so.
penitus wholly, deeply.
praesertim especially.
punctim punctually.
plùs, minùs more, or lesse.
praesto at hand, here.
procul dubio questionlesse.
pene almost, well nigh.
plurimùm very much.
protinus forthwith.
perinde ac, as well as.
peregre from a forraign countrey.
plus satis more then needs.
[Page 45]procul afar off.
palam openly.
QƲò whither.
quovìs whither you will.
quasi as if, as it were.
quoquo versum which way soever.
quamdiu how long, as long as.
quampridem how long ago.
quoties how often.
quotannis every year.
quare wherefore.
quamobrem for what cause.
quin but.
quodammodo after a sort.
quà which way.
quemadmodum even as.
qualiter after what manner, how?
quater four times.
quoquò whithersoever.
quam as, then, very.
quocunque wheresoever.
quando when.
quamdudum how long since.
quousque how far.
quotidie daily, every day.
quamprimum as soon as.
quorsum to what end.
quomodo how, which way.
quantum how much.
quidni why not.
quaquà which way soever.
quinimo nay rather.
quartò fourthly
quinquies five times.
RArò seldom.
repente, derepente on the suddain.
retrorsum backward, back again.
radicitus up by the root.
raptim in hast.
SEcundò secondly.
siquà if any way.
sursum upward.
saepe oftentimes.
simu lac also, as.
sodes insooth, prethee:
simul together, at once.
sigillatim one by one.
sicut as, even as.
serò late.
sus (que), de (que) carelesly, hand over head.
sensim by degrees.
sexties six times.
semel once.
sicubi if any where.
sinistrorsum on the left hand.
supernè from above.
subinde anon, by and by.
scilicet yes, that is to say.
solùm only.
seorsim apart, aside.
satiùs better.
seriò in earnest.
secùs otherwise.
semel at (que) iterū once or twice.
spontè voluntarily.
septies seven times.
TAntisper so long as.
tantum only, so much.
tam as, as well, so.
tantundem iust so much.
tertiò thirdly.
tandem aliquando at length.
tanquam as, as it were.
toties so often.
tantidem the same price.
ter three times.
[Page 46]VBi where.
ubicun (que) wheresoever.
ubivis where you will.
utrin (que) before and behinde.
unde from whence.
undecun (que) whencesoever.
unquam ever, at any time.
unà together.
ultro voluntarily.
vesperi in the evening.
videlicet that is to say.
usquam at all, at any time, and whither
ubiubi whensoever.
utro (que) on both sides.
utrobi (que) on both hands.
undelibet whence you will.
us (que), adeo untill, unto.
utinam would God.
universun generally.
vix scarcely.
viritim man by man.
vicies twenty times.

Conjunctions.

COnjunctions may be cal'd the chains of sense,

and serve to couple cases, Moods, and tense.

ATque, ac and, as, then.
aut, ve, vel, seu, sive or, either.
alioquin otherwise.
an, anne whether.
autem, sed, ast, atqui but.
attamen, tamen yet, nevertheless.
Cum, quùm when, since, seeing that.
caeterùm moreover.
cum, tum both, also.
Etiam, item, quo (que) also.
enimvero truly.
etsi, etiamsi, quanquā although.
Insuper over and above.
ideo, igitur, ita (que) therefore.
Licèt although, albeit.
Necne or no.
nec, neque neither, nor.
nam (que), enim for.
ni, nisi unlesse.
nequando lest at any time.
Porrò moreover, furthermore.
praeterquam except.
propterea, quod because, that▪
praeterea else, beside.
Quatenus as, so far forth as.
quia, quippe, quoniam because▪
quandoquidem since.
Saltem at least.
siquidem if so be, truly.
tunc, tum then.
Ʋtrùm whither.
utcun (que), ut, uti howsoever, as.

Prepositions.

ALL Prepositions have their naturall place

Before, and must be construed with their case.

[Page 47]

These belong to the Accusative.

AD to, or neer.
ante before.
apud at, according to, with.
adversus, adversum against.
Cis on this side.
circum, circa about.
contra against.
citra on this side, without.
circiter about, neer.
Extra without.
erga toward.
Intra within.
juxta neer, according to,
inter between, among.
infra beneath, below.
in into, upon, against, for, towards, until
Ob by reason of, for.
Per by, through.
pone behinde.
penes in the power of.
praeter beside, except.
propter for.
prope neer.
post after.
Supra above.
sub before, about, to.
super beyond, above.
secundum according to, after.
secus by.
Trans over, beyond.
Versus towards.
usque untill, to.
ultra beyond.

These belong to the Ablative.

A, ab, abs from, after, since.
absque without.
Coram before.
cum with.
De of, concerning.
E, ex of, by, out of, from.
In among, in.
pro for, instead of, at, or before.
prae above, by reason of.
sine without.
sub under, in, at.
super of, upon, concerning.
tenus up to, even to.

These belong to Accusative and Ablative in the same signification.

Clam without knowledge of.
Subter under.

IMperfect voices Interjections are,

By which the mindes affections we declare.

Apage, apagésis hence, be gone.
atat ha.
ab, ahime ah, ah me.
au peace, hist.
Eheu, hoi, hei alas.
euge, eja well done.
[Page 48]eho, heus hark, so ho.
hem, ehem here.
proh, oh, ohe oh, alas.
vae alack, wo to.
evax, io, evohe heida.
malùm with a mischief.
vah, hui, phy pish, fie.

Concords, three.

1.Whatsoever answereth to the que­stion who, or what, is the Nomnative case to the Verb.
The Sub­stantive to the Adje­ctive, and Antecedent to the Rela­tive.
VErbs personall, in Concord do receive
Number and Person from their Nomnative.
GOD only blesseth.
Deus solus benedicit.

2.THe Adjective and Substantive embrace
In their particular gender, number, case.
A modest young man is praised.
Modestus juvenis laudatur.

3.The Antecedents their own number give,
gender, and person, to their Relative.
He which speaketh little is wise.
Ille qui pauca loquitur sapit.

THe Case and tense which doth the question frame,

In every Answer ought to be the same.

Q. What book do you reade?

A. Grammar.

Q. Quem librum legis?

R. Grammaticam.

[Page]

Genera Nominum, The GENDERS OF NOVNES.

[Page 50]

Genders of Nouns.

Except Epicenes, which are the names of wild beasts, fishes, and birds, whose sexes, because not easily distinguished, were both under one Gender; but their Gender is known now by the rules of declension, and termination.

ALL Nouns the Male, or Female Gender have,

As nature first to things the Sexes gave.

A Man.	a Woman.	Charles.	a King.
A Queen.	a Wife.	a Brother.	a Horse.

Some names of Rivers and Cities take Gender from the declension and termination.

THe proper names of Angels, every winde,

Of Moneths and Rivers, are like Males declin'd.

Gabriel.

The South-winde.

April.

Tiber.

Except trees in aster, masc. as Tinaster, &c. A wilde Pine.

TRees, Countreys, Cities, Islands, as they were

Of woman-race, the female Gender bear.

England.

Carthage.

Isle of man.

A Cipresse tree.

Acer a Maple, Rebur an Oak, neuters.

ALL nouns in [um] the neuter do imbrace,

And every

Substanti. A noun invariable hath all Cases, but the same termination. N.G.D.A.V.A. Genu, as in the rudiments.

one that varies not in Case.

London.	Heaven.	Hell.
Nothing.	A Knee.

ALL Monosilables we entertain,

Except some few under the female train.

[Page 53]

Masculines excepted.

A Surety.	the Sun.	the Kidney.
The Spleen.	A House.	a Foot.
a Darmouse.	Salt.	A Pound.
a Tooth.	a Manner.	a Flower.
The Dew.	a Flock.	a Mountain.
A Bridge.	A Mouse.	a Gryphen.
a Surety.	a Fountain.

Neuters excepted.

Brasse.	the Countrey.	a Thigh.
A Vessell.	A Bone.	a Mouth.
Honey.	Bread Corn.	a Heart.
Milk.	Gall.	The Spring.
Frankincense.	Right.	Snot.

Common.

COmmon of two, as we their sexes finde,

To male, or female, Adjectives are joyn'd.

An Infant.	a Parent.	a Prophet.
A Cosen.	an Heir.	an Ox or Cow.
An Owl.	a Thief.	a Hog or Sow.
A Prince.	a Kinsman.	an Host
A Captain.	a Youth.	a Partrich.
A duck or drake.	One Banished.	a Moal.
a Woodculver.	a Crane.	a Companion.
A Husband.	Dog or Bitch	a Snake.
A Martyr.	a Great Bird.	a Buck or Doe.
An old Man.	A Iudge.	a Man or wo.
A Citizen.	no Body.	a Priest.

Doubtfull.

DOubtfull want sex, which at your choice decline

Either with male, or gender feminine.

[Page 54]

The Heel.	a Cave.	a Day.
A Chain.	a Buttock.	a Bolt.
A Brim.	a Flint.	a Stump.
A Boat.	a Nail.	A Bark.
A Briar.

Planeta a Planet, Cometa a Blazing star, Alabastrites, a Alabaster, &c. are Greek masculines.Nouns of the first Declension.

ALL of the first declension that do spring

From Latine root, the female gender bring.

A Song.

A Iewel.

The Gulf of Venice.

Nouns of the second Declension.

Methodus a Method, Dialectus a Dialect, Crystallus a Crystall, Arctus the North, Periodus a Full point, Slynodus a General Councel, are Geeke feminines, and many others.

ALL Nouns that by the second we decline

In [us] and [r] be counted masculine.

A Year.

A Book.

FIve nouns in [us] the female gender seek,

Two neuters are, all other nouns are Greek.

A Distaff.	a House.	a Panch.
A Van.	the Ground.	Poyson.
Common people.

Excepting words of one syllable, which have their general Rule and exception before.Nouns of the third Declension.

THree speciall Rules nouns of the Third divide,

Whose Genitives must to their genders guide.

Nouns of the fourth Declension.

NOuns of the fourth all masculine we finde,

Except in [u] some neuters undeclin'd.

A Degree.

A Knee.

[Page 57]

Except these feminines.

A Porch.	a Tribe.	a Hand.
The Ides.	a Fig.	a Needle.

Nouns of the fift Declension.

ALL of the fift do end in [es] and render

Except Meridies the South, or Noon. m.g.

themselves obedient to the female Gender.

Faith.

a Face.

a Thing.

The first speciall Rule.Nouns of the third are only concern'd in the three special rules.

THe first rule doth the female Gender place

On nouns, increase not in the second case.

A Cloud.

Flesh.

Force.

EXcept some nouns in [is] but all refer

unto the mascline that end in [er.]

Except mas.

A Moneth.	an Ewer.	an Axletreo.
A Round thing.	a Mullet.	a River.
Hair.	a Net.	a Sword.
A Bellows.	a Club.	a Rope.
Fire.	a Fish.	a Worm.
A Firebrand.	an End.	a Nail.
100 weight.	a Shower.	a Bottle.
A Hill.	a Path.	a Stalk.
A Fardell.	a Post.	a Channell.

FRom the first speciall rule excepted be

All neuters, that do terminate in [e.]

Neuters.

The Sea.

A Net.

[Page 58]

This is to be understood of Nouns, whose Genitives are above two syllables.The second speciall Rule.

FEminines by the second Rule are known,

When they increase long in the last but one.

Vertue.	Godlinesse	a Striving or opposition.
Reason.	the mark of a stripe.	a Furnace.

Except these particular Masculines.

A Brook.	the East.	a Weather.
A Diamond.	a Phenix.	Tapestry.
The Dropsey.	a Double [...].	a Gable-rope.
A Silkworm.	a Fork.	a Fourth part.
A Cauldron.	a Loadstone.	a Snail.

ALL nouns of many syllables in [n]

March alwaies in the file of masculine.

A Tetter.

a Dolphin.

a Song to Apollo.

Except some that are very like verbals in [o] as Concio a Sermon, Rebellio Rebellion, &c. which are referred to the second speciall Rule, and have the feminine gen.

IN [o] if it no verball be, and those

Are Male that end in [er] in [or] and [es.]

A Lion.	a Speech.	A Dagger.
A Spade.	a Cudgell.	a Dead coal.
A point of a wepon.	the Lungs.	a Linen sock.
A Boss.	a Precious stone.	a Whisperer.
A Goblet.	Sweat.	Honour.

ALL words above one syllable, that end

In [al] and [at] the neuter doth attend.

Tribute.

a Spur.

[Page 61]

The third speciall Rule.

NOuns that do short

In their penultima, or last syllable but one short in quantity.

increase, when you decline

By order, Troop among the masculine.

Blood.

a Comb.

Bran.

an Arch.

Except these Feminines.

Hail.	a Covering.	Standing corn.
A Tree.	Winter.	Tongs.
A Helmet	a Image.	Sizers or sheers
Sedge.	Point of a spear.	Fine linnen.
A Nightingale.	Fern.	an Herb.
Houshold stuff.	an Addition.	the Hip bone.
A bird.	Cattle.

EXcept some feminines in [do] and [go:]

If they be above two syllables, and make dinis or ginis in the Genitive.

Greek Nouns in [as] and [is] exempted too.

Sweetnesse.	a Ioynt.	a Mantle.
A Lamp.	a Jasper stone.

THe names of liveless things are neuteys, when

They end in [a] [ar] [ut] [ur] [us] and [en.]

A Problem.	a Sun-beam.	a Sign of luck.
The Liver.	a Weight.	a Head.

IN [er] some nouns increasing short, and three

That end in [or] the neuter gender be.

A Carcase.	a Dugg.	a Journey.
A Parsnip.	Cork.	Ginger.
Gum.	an Italian Pease.	Pepper.
Poppie.	a Clasp.	a Toad-stool.
An Osiar.
The Sea.	Marble.	Fine Wheat.

[Page 62]

An Addition concerning Heteroclytes.

WE call those Heteroclytes which are found

To change, to be defective, or abound.

Nouns that change or vary.

SOme feminines turn neuters, neuters some

When they are plurall feminines become.

The City Pergamus.	Houshold stuff.	a Sail.
A Fair.	a Banquet.	Delight.
Ierusalem.	a Bath.

SOme neuters when you plurall them decline,

Ʋnto the masculine themselves confine.

Heaven.	Argos a City.	Elisium.
An Italian pease.	a Parsnip.

SOme masculine in the first number bear,

But in the plurall only neuters are.

A Lake.	Pangeus	Massicus. &c.
Tenarus.	A Dungeon.

Defectives.

NOuns which do change no Case at all,

Some undeclin'd, or Aptotes call.

And all nouns of number to a hundred inclusively. Four.	Five.	Six.
So many.	Iust so many.	How many.
A Thousand.	Nothing.	Right.
Wicked.	Thrifty.	a Horn.
Gum.	Mustard.	an Onyon.
[Page 65]Like.	Need.	the Letter A.
Seven.	Some.	Wrong. Opus, Need, is a Substantive: Opus the Adjective signifies necessary
Necessary.	Or pounds. A pound.	Fair fields.

SOme Nouns but one Case do allow,

By Birth.	by Night.	in Readinesse.
At the command.	by Allowance.	without Thanks.
Denial.	without leave.	by Circumstance

ANd others are declin'd with two.

Hopelesse,	Evening.	of Free will.
An Acre.	a Stripe.	black Blood.

TO some the Latines give but three,

So much.
More.
A chance or turn.
Help.
Prayer.
Dainty fare.
Filth.

ANd some to four confined be.

Jove or Jupiter.
Government.
Thrift or profit.
Partitives, Interogatives, Relatives, Negatives, and all Pronouns, except Tu, meus, noster, nostras, want the Vocative, and are called Pentaptotes.
A Noble man.
No body.

[Page 66]

THose

Vis force Wants the Dative sing.

nouns to which we can direct

no speech, their Vocatives reject.

He.

VVho.

Force.

Every one, or all.

Proper names may have the plural, when either many of the same name are signified, or they be understood appellatively, as when Clouns are called Demeae. THese seldom plural entertain,

1 Names proper, 2 Vertues, 3 Herbs and 4 Grain. 5 Yarn, 6 Mettals, 7 Ages, 8 Humors, 9 Spices, 10 Measured moist things, and names of 11 Vices.

Iames.	Charity.	Parsley.
VVheat..	Flax.	Gold.
Silver.	Tin.	Iron.
Lead.	Copper.	Infancy.
Childhood.	Youth.	Old age.
Choler.	Phlegm.	Melancholy.
Blood.	Pepper.	Saffron.
Sinamon.	Sugar.	VVine.
Oil.	Vineger.	Beer or Ale.
Anger.	Avarice.

THree plurall

Ge. D. Ab. pl. of neuters are wanting, which cases all of the fifth declen. want.

cases these disdain,

Nouns of the fift but three retain.

Barley.	Bread-corn.	Honey.
Frankinsense.	Brasse.	The Countrey.
Destruction.	Faith, &c.

SOme Masculines the plurall wave,

The evening star	The evening.	Mud.
Dung.	The Skie.	No body.
Noon.	The Sea.	The Air
Birdlime.

ANd some the plurall only have.

[Page 69]

Ghosts.	Ancestors.	Limits.
Children.	Goblins.	Registers.
Stock.	Limbs.	House-gods.
A Packet.	Hatches.	Gods.
Devils.	Posterity.	Twins.
A Bundle.	Table books.	Playes.
Paris.	first Inhabitants.

SOme Feminines no plurall crie,

Ripenesse of age.	Health.	Like for like.
Pitch.	Towardlinesse.	The Cough.
Ground.	Murren.	Death.
Thirst.	Hunger.	Rest.
Earth.	Fame.	Common people
Off-spring.	A Blot.	Children.
Light.	Peace.

ANd some the singular deny.

Things put off.	Thanks.	Cursings.
Truce.	Horse trappings.	Snares.
Toyes.	Sweepings.	Spoiles of war.
Cradles.	Holy dayes.	Watch & ward.
Ides of a month.	First fruits.	Nets.
Folding doors.	Calends.	Riches.
Marriage.	Learning.	Funerall Ceremonies.
Darknesse.	Forlocks.	A Bath.
Nones.	Enticements.	Reliques.
Small lets.	Threatning.	Fetters.
Revenge.	Iugglings.	Panniars.
Brooms.	A sheepcoat.	Doors.
Salt-pits.	Trifles.	Wealth.
A Cart with two horses	Venice.	Athens.

[Page 70]

SOme neuters do no plurall love,

Vacation time.	The Spring.	Milk.
A Sun-beam.	Heavenly drink.	Glew.
Frost.	Death.	Nothing.
Old age.	A Throne.	Gall.
Dirt.	The Sea.	A Herring.
Common people	Ivory.	Brawn.
Soil.	Poyson.	Dirt.
An age.	The Sea.	Sewet.
Hay.

ANd some with plurall only move.

Wals.	Rough places.	Heartstrings.
Dens.	Tents.	VVeapons.
A Pulpit.	A Rattle.	A Cradle.
Entrals.	Publike places:	Nativity.
A Note-Book.	A Pasture.	Sessions.
Logick.	Philosophy.	Ierusalem.

In the No. Ac. and Voc. pl. they have no termination neuter.

Some Adjectives do make complaint

They Neuters in the plurall want.

Poor.	Degenerate.	Fruitfull.
Rich.	Wealthy.	Wanting.
Safe.	Gentle.	Survivor.
One that enjoys.	One that enjoys not.	Mindfull.

[Page 73]

Redundants.

THese Nouns abound, and in some Cases do

the second, and the fourth Declension shew.

A Bay tree.	A Fig.	An Oak.
A Distaff.	A Pine.	A Den.
A House.

SOme singulars by made or neuter known,

Both male and neuter in the plurall own.

A Hissing.	A Place.	A Jest.
A Bridle.	A Rake.	A Halter.
A Thred.

PReterperfect tenses, and Supines of Verbs.

THe Compound Perfect tense, and Supines are

The same which in the simple Verbs they were.

To Call.

To Provoke.

IN Composition, rarely verbs dispense

With gemination in the perfect tense.

To Answer.

AS in the first, avi, and atum makes.

ES ui forms, whose Supine itum takes.

[Page 74]

VErbs of the third their various endings shew.

FRom the fourth, io, ivi, itum, flow.

Verbs of the first Conjugation.

To Love.	To Kill.
To Sup.	To Swear.	To Drink.
To Fold.

Except.

To Wash.	to Lye down.	to Tame.
To Sound.	to Thunder.	to Forbid.
To Crack.	to Rub.	to Cut.
To Give.	to Compasse.	to Stand.
To stand about.	to Excell, or perform.
To Help.	to Shine.	to Fall.

Verbs of the second Conjugation.

ES ul forms, whose Supine itum takes.

To Savour.

Except.

To Abolish.	to Grow.
To be out of use	to Wax old.	to Wax great.
To Command.	to Sip.	to Mingle.
To Teach.	to Asswage.	to Perswade.
To Sit.	to Laugh.	to Burn within.
To Grin.	to See.	to Dine.
To Bite.	to Hang.	to Clip or shave.
To promise.	to Stick.	to Hold.
To Think.	to Weep.	to Blot out.
To Increase.	to Milk.	to Lament.
[Page 77]To Roast.	to Stir.	to Binde.
To be open.	to Fill.	to Stay.
To VVrith.	to Wipe.	to Pamper.
To VVant.

To Shine.	to Fear.	to Swell.
To be Chill.	to Make a noise.	to Urge.
To Languish.	to Shine.	to be Cold.
To Spin.	to Drive.
To be fair.	to be able.	to be Named.

VEo makes vi and tum. to Beware.

Except.

To Wink.	to be Afraid.	to be Warm.
To be Yellow.	to be Black.	to Desire.

THose neuters which their Perfect tenses make

In ui, Supines commonly forsake.

To Abstain.	to Belong.	to Obtain.
To Displease.	to be Silent.	to Lurk.
To be Fair.	to be Silent.	to be Base.
To be Deaf.	to Shine.	to be Moist.
To be White.	to Want.	to Know.
To be Pale.

Neuter passives.

To be Glad.

to be bold, or dare.

to be wont or use.

Deponents.

To Suppose.	to Pity.	to Confesse.
to See, or defend.	to Deserve.	to Heal.

[Page 78]

Impersonals.

It Liketh.	it is Lawfull.	it Grieveth.
It shameth.	it Pleaseth.	it Pittieth.
It wearieth.	it Appeareth.

Third Conjugation.

VErbs of the third their various endings shew.

BO makes bi and tum. to Drink.

Except.

To VVrite.	to be Married.	to Lie down.
To Lick.	to Scratch.

CO makes ci, and ctum. to Overcome.

Except.

To Say.

To Lead.

To Spare.

Edo borrows persons and tenses of the Verb Sum, so often as the syllable begins with Es, as Es, est, estis, esto, este, estote, essem, esse. DO makes di, and sum. to Eat.

To Eat.	to Climbe.	to Pour.
To Cleave.	to Cut.	to Fall.
To Fall down.	to Fall back.	to VVound.
To Bruise.	to Open.
To Bray.	to Make a noise,	to Sink.

Except.

Or give place. To Depart.	to Go.	to Shut.
To Applaud.	to Gnaw.	to Shave.
To Hurt.	to Play.	to Thrust.
To Divide.	to Break winde.	to Trust.

[Page 81]

The Compounds of do when they are of the third Conjugation, make didi and ditum.

To Adde.	to Publish.	to Loose.
To Hide.	to Thrust.	to Frame.
To put in.	to Deliver.	to Sell
To Betray.	to Believe.	to Yield up.
To Restore.	to Hide.

GO and guo makes xi and ctum, to Ioyn.

To Extinguish.	to Arise.	to Go forward.
To Feign.	to Make water.	to Strain.
To Paint.	to Grin.	to Fry.
To Sing.	to Prick.	to prick again.

To Suck.	to Vex.	to Sound a Trumpet.
To Snow.	to Lick.

Except.

To Reade.	to Do, or Act.	to Break.
To Touch.	to Drown.	to Wipe.
To Fasten.	to Sprinkle.	to Joyn, or bargain.
To be busie upon	to Live.	to Spend.
To Doubt.	to Decline.

HO makes xi and tum. to Draw.

LO makes ui and itum. to Grinde.

Except.

To Till.	to Hide.	to Season.
To ask counsel.	to Nourish.	to Drive.
[Page 82]To Pull.	to Deceive.	to Excell.
To take away.	to Lift up.
To Confute.	to Sing.	to Raise.

MO makes ui and itum. to Sob.

Except.

To Buy.	to Take away.	to Kemb.
To Draw.	to Take.	to Presse.
To Tremble.

NO makes vi, and vi makes tum. to Suffer.

To Despise.	to Destroy.	to Daub.
To See.	to Decree.

Except.

To Despise.	to Beget.	to Put.
To Sing.	to Sing together.

PO makes psi, and tum. to take or crop.

To pull in pieces.

Except.

To Break.

to make a noise.

QUo makes qui and ctum. to leave.

Except.

To Seeth, or Boil.

[Page 85]

RO makes vi and tum. to Sow.

To Plant.

to Seek.

to Wear out.

Except.

To Bear.	to Brush.	to Burn.
To Bring.	to put in Order.	to Rage.
To Run.

SO makes sivi, and situm. to Provoke.

Except.

To Visit.	to Bake.	to Knead.
to Assault.	to Do.

SCo makes vi and tum. to Know. to know well.

To Understand.

to acknowledg.

Except.

To Ask.	to Learn.	to Nod.
To desire much.	to be Weary.

TO makes ti and tum. to Stop.

To Consist.

Except

To Turn.	to Send.	to Ask, fetch, or go.
To Mow.	to Bend.	to Knit.
To Plat, or wear.	to Kemb.	to Snort.

[Page 86]

VO makes vi and tum. to Roul.

Except.

To live.

XO makes ui and tum. to Weave.

CIo, ci, makes ctum. to do, or make, to cast.

Except.

To Entice.

to Behold.

DIo makes di and sum. to dig.

GIo makes gi and tum. to fly, or avoid.

PIo makes pi and tum. to Take.

Except.

To Snatch.

to desire.

to be wise.

RIo makes ri and tum. to bring forth.

TIo makes ssi, and sum. to shake.

UO makes ui, and utum. to give.

Except.

To Rush.	to Suffer.	to Flow.
To Frame.	to Rain.
To Refuse.	to Invade.	to Agree.
To Deny.	to Fear.

[Page 89]

Deponents to be observed.

To slide or fall.	to Obtain.	to Feign.
To Awake.	to be angry.	to be born.
To Get.	to forget.	to Bargain.
To Execute.	to take a journy.	to Revenge.
To be weary.	to Enjoy.	to Speak.
To follow.	to Complain.	to Embrace.
To Endeavor.	to use.	to Dye.
To Suffer.	to go.
To Arise.	to Melt.	to remember.
To feed, or be fed.

Fourth Conjugation.

FRom the fourth, io, ivi, itum flow.

To Divide.	to Stir.	to bring forth.
To be Hungry.	to Salt.	to Go.

Except.

To Finde.	to finde.	to Come.
To Feel,	to Binde.	to Prop.
To Draw.	to Patch.	to Stuff.
To be Hoarse.	to Hedge.	to Establish.
To Leap.	to Cloath.	to Bury.
To Sob.	to Exchange.
To use Gesture.	to be sold.	to Strike.
To Trie.	to cover.	to measure.
To Consent.	to begin.

THere are some Verbs when they compounded be,

Do alter their first vowel into [e.]

[Page 90]

To Condemn.	to give Suck.	to Consecrate.
To Deceive.	to drive away.	to Handle.
To be weary.	to Divide.	to Crop.
To Commit.	to Climbe.	to Sprinkle.
To bring forth.	to Stuff.	to Feed.
To Go.

THese in their composition generally

Do their precedent vowel change to [i.]

To Touch.	to have.	to lie hid.
To Leap.	to Appoint.	to Fall.
To Hurt.	to Please.	to Tarry.
To Seek.	to be wise.	to Sing.
To Kill.	to Want.	to Hold.
To be silent.	to Snatch.

THese change for [i] their first, but not dispense

With alteration in the perfect tense.

To Do.	to Cast.	to Behold.
To Take.	to Reade.	to Presse.
To Joyn.	to Do.	to Buy.
To Allure.	to Confesse.	to Sit.
To Rule.	to Break.

FOur verbs loose a in composition. Two,

To Shut.

to Cause.

to Shake.

to Wash.

CAlco and salto turn their [a] to [u.]

To Kick.

To Leap.

[Page 92]

Verbs Defectives.

Ai [...] I say. Indic. Aio ais, ait, pl. aiunt. Imperfect. aicham, aiebas, aiebat. pl. Aiebamus, aiebatis, aiebant. Imper. ai. Subj. aias, aiat. pl. aiamus, aiant. Part. aiens.

Ave Hail. Imperat. Ave. pl. avete. Infin. avere.

Salve God save you. Indic. Fut. Salvebis. Imper. salve, salveto. pl. salvete, salvetote. Infin. salvere.

Inquio I say. Indicat. Inquio vel inquam, inquis, inquit. pl. inquimus, inquitis, inquiunt. Perf. inquisti, inquit. Fut. inquies, inquiet. Imper inque. pl. inquite. Sub [...]. inquias, inquiat. Particip. inquiens.

He began.Infit for Coepit.

Is wanting.Defit for deest. Fut. defiet. Subj. defiat. Infin. defieri.

Quaso I pray. Indic. Quaeso. pl. quaesumus.

I may or should be, Subj. Imperfect. Forem, fores, foret. pl. fore [...]. Infinit. fore.

He rejoyceth.Ovat, Indic. Ovarent, Subj. ovandi, ovans.

To be given.
Daris vel dare, datus, dari, dandus. The first persons, Dor, and For▪ not being read.
To speak.
Faris vel fare, fatus, fari, fandus. The first persons, Dor, and For▪ not being read.

[Page 93]

Dic, duc, fer, fac, Imperatives of dico, duco, fere,I hate, I know, I remember, I begin. facio.

Odi, Novi, Memini, Caepi, are declined only in the tenses that come from them.

Imperat Memento, pl. mementote.Remember.

These are usual among Comick Poets.

Faxim, faxis, faxit. pl. faxint, for faciam vel fecerim. faxo for fecero, faxere for facturum esse.

Axim, axis, axit. pl. axint, for agam vel egerim.

Duim, duis, duit. pl. duint, for dem, des, det, dent.

Perdium, perduis, perduit. pl. perduint, for perdam, &c.

Creduim, creduis, creduit. pl. creduint, for credam, &c.

Siem, sies, siet, sient. for fim, fis, fit, fint.

Amasso is, it, pl. imus, itis, int. for Amavero.
Habesso, is, it, pl. imus, itis, int. for Habuero.
Prohibesso, is, it, pl. imus, itis, int. for Prohibuero.
Expetisso, is, it, pl. imus, itis, int. for Expetivero.

Amassere, expugnassere, prohibessere, &c. for amare, expugnare, prohibere.

Sis, for si vis.

Sultis, for si vultis.

Sodes for si audes.

[Page 94]Cavesis, for Cave, vide, cape, si vis.
Videsis for Cave, vide, cape, si vis.
Capsis, for Cave, vide, cape, si vis.

VErbs in respect of form are Primitive, a Lege I do reade.

All Meditatives are of the fourth Cenjugation.

Frequentatives, Diminutives, and Imitatives of the first. Inceptives of the third and are also called Augmentatives.
Or Derivative, which are
- Meditative, or Desiderative, as Lecturio I desire to reade.
- Frequentative, as Lectito I reade often, Loquitor I prate.
- Inceptive, as Calesco I wax hot, Ardesco I increase in heat.
- Diminutive, as Sorbillo I sip a little, Pitisso I drink a little.
- Imitative, as Patrisso I imitate the father, Platonisso I imitate Plato, Graecisso, or Graecor I imitate the Greek, Vulpinor I pray the Fox.

[Page 51]

Genera Nominum.

OMne genus sexum quem dat natura sequetur.Uti mur ma & faemina, ad distingendum Sexum in Epicaenis, ut Aquila mas. Passer faemina.

Vir, iri.	Mulier, eris.	Carolus, i.	Rex, regis.
Regina, ae.	Ʋxor, oris.	Frater, tris.	Equus, i.

ANgeli item fluvii Menses, & mascula venti.In nominibus fluviorum & urbium autores habnerunt rationem terminationis.

Gabriel, elis.

Auster, tri.

Aprilis, ilis.

Tibris, bris.

FAEmineis Regio parent Urbs Insula & Arbor.

Anglia, ae.

Carthago, ginis.

Mona, nae.

Cupressus, i.

Urbium pluralia nomina in i sunt masculina, in a faeminina, in a neutra. Parisii, Athenae, Hierosolyma, excipe Arborum, nomina in after, ut Pinaster, &c. m. g. Accr, Robur, n.g.

VM Et non solum nomina sed omnes dictiones vel literae materialiter & [...] positae ut velle suum, alpha est litera. neutrum ponas sic Nisi sint propria hominum. invariabile nomen.

Londinum, i.	Celum.	Barathrum.
Nihil.	Genu, per omnes casus.

OMnia faemineo gaudent monosyllaba caetu.

[Page 52]

Masculina excepta.

MAscula, praes, sol, ren, splen, lar, pes, glis, sal, & as dens;

Mos, flos, ros, grex, mons, pons, mus, grips, vas, (vadis) & fons.

Neutra excepta.

AES neutrum, rus, erus,

Vasa vasorum, pl.

vas vasis, os ossis & oris,

mel, far, cor, lac, fel, ver, thus, jus, postulat & pu [...]

Communia.

PRo Excipe mancipium & scortum quae licet utri (que) sexui conveniunt, sunt neutra ex terminatione ut supra. sexu genus admittit Commune duorum.

Infans atque parens, va [...]es, patruelis & haeres,
Bos, gen. Bovis, &c. p. Boves, Boum, Bobus, vel Bubus.
Bos, bubo, fur, sus, princeps, affinis & hospes,
Dux, juvenis, perdix, anas, exul, talpa, palumbes,
Grus, comes & conjux, canis, anguis, martyr & ales,
Dama, senex, judex,
Homo m.g. nunc usurpatur, & nemo, quasi ne homo.
homo, civis,
Homo m.g. nunc usurpatur, & nemo, quasi ne homo.
nemo, sacerdos.

Horum plaera (que) sunt m.g. & pendentab authoritate.Dubia.

SExus abest dubiis, generis (que) incerta vagantur.

[Page 55]

Calx pro cocto lapide f.g.Calx, specus atque dies in plurali, m.g. tantum. dies, sic torques, clunis & obex, margo, silex,Stirps pro prosapia, f.g. stirps, linter, onyx pro gemma, f.g. onix, cum cortice vepres.

Nomina prima Declinationis.

Faemineum latina genus dant nomina Primae.

Musa.

Gemma.

excipe Adria, m.g.

Nomina secundae Declinationis.

MAscula flexurae sunt nomina cuncta secundae.

Annus.

Liber, bri.

Faemineum colus est, domus, alvus, vannus, humus (que)

Da neutris virus, vulgus, sunt caetera graeca.

Golus.	Domus.	Alvus.
Vannus.	Humus.	Virus n. g.
Vulgus n.g. & m.g.

Nomina tertia Declinationis.

TErtia quale genus dat, triplex Regula monstrat.

Nomina quartae Declinationis.

MAscula sunt quartae, sed in [u] des omnia neutris

Gradus.

Genu.

[Page 56]

Excipiuntur faeminina.

POrticus at (que) tribus, manus, idus, ficus, acus (que)

Nomina quintae Declinationis.

Excipe Meridies, ici. m.g.FAEmineis numera quae sunt tibi nomina quintae.

Fides, ei.

Facies, iei.

Res, rei.

Prima Regula Specialis.

NOn crescens genito Nomen, genus est muliebre.

Nubes, is.

Caro, nis.

Vis caret Dativo.

Vis, vis.

Excipiuntur imasculina in [is] & [er.] MAscula in [is] quaedam, sed in [er] des cuncta virili.

Mensis.	Aqualis.	Axis.
Orbis.	Mugilis.	Amnis.
Crinis.	Cassis.	Ensis.
Follis.	Fustis.	Funis.
Ignis.	Piscis.	Vermis.
Torris.	Finis.	Ʋnguis.
Et caetera composita ab As. Centussis.	Imber, bris.	Ʋter, tris.
Collis.	Callis.	Caulis.
Fascis.	Postis.	Canalis.

Neutra in e. Nomen in [e] quaecunque cadunt neutralia dem [...].

Mare.

Rete.

[Page 59]

Secunda Regula specialis.

CRescens faemineum monstrat penultima longè.

Virtus, tutis.	Pietas, tatis.	Reluctatio, onis.
Ratio, onis.	Vibex, icis.	Fornax, acis.

Exceptio prima.

MAscula sunt torrens, oriens, vervex, adamas (que)

Torrens, entis.	Oriens.	Vervex, ecis.
Adamas, antis.	Phaenix, icis.	Tapes, etis.
Hidrops, opis.	Thorax, acis.	Rudens.
Bombyx, icis.	Bidens.	Et caeterae partes assis, uncia excepta. Quadrans.
Lebes.	Magnes.	Limax.

Exceptio secunda.

MAscula sunt & in [n] Polysyllaba qualia lichen.

Lichen, enis.

Delphin, inis.

Paean, anis.

Exceptio tertia & quarta.Quaedam Etymologa, quae sunt verbalium simillima, ut concio, rebellio, &c. sunt f.g. & ad secundam regulam specialem pertinent.

ET quod in [o] si non verbale sit ut leo sermo.

Masculain [er][or] & [os] ceu crater, sudor, honos (que)

Leo, onis.	Sermo.	Pugio.
Ligo.	Scepio.	Carbo.
Mucro	Pulmo.	Ʋdo.
Ʋmbo	Ʋnio.	Susurro.
Crater, eris.	Sudor, oris.	Honor, oris.

Exceptio quinta.

OMnia sunt & in [al] vel in [ar] Polysyllaba neutra.

Vectigall, alis.

Calcar, aris.

[Page 60]

Tertia Regula specialis.

Quorum sc. penultima Genitivi crescentis est quantitate brevis. QUae crescunt breviter Genitivo mascula dicas.

Sauguis, inis.

Pecten, inis.

Furfur, uris.

Fornix, icis.

Exceptio prima. FAEmineis da grando, teges, seges, arbor, hyems (que)

Grando, dinis.	Teges, etis.	Seges, etis.
Arbor, oris.	Hyems, emis.	Forceps, ipis.
Cassis, idis.	Icon, onis.	Forfex, icis.
Carex, icis.	Cuspis, idis.	Syndon, onis.
Haec pecus, est pecudis, pecus est pecoris tibi neutrum. Aedon, onis.	Filix, icis.	Bacchar, aris.
Suppellex, lectilis.	Appendix, icis.	Coxendix, icis.
Alcyon, onis.	Pecus, udis.

Exceptio secunda, terria.

EXcipe faemineum quod [do] vel terminat in [go.]

Graecula in [as] vel in [is] finita, ut lampis, iaspis.

Dulce do, dinis.	Compago, ginis.	Chlamys, idis.
Lampus, adis.	Iaspis, idis.

Quarta.

ESt neutrale genus signans rem non animatam.

Nomen in [a] vel in [r] vel in [us] vel in [ur] vel in [en] [ut.]

Problema, atis.	Jubar, aris.	Omen, inis.
Vel jecinoris ab antiquo jeciner. Quinta Jecur, oris.	Pondus, eris.	Caput, itis.

SUnt & in [er] quaedam, sed in [or] tria neurta supersunt.

Cadaver, eris.	Ʋber, eris.	Iter, itineris.
Siser	Suber.	Gingiber.
Laser.	Cicer.	Piper.
Papaver.	Spinter.	Pro Arbore f.g. pro fructu m.g. Tuber.
Siler.
Aequor, oris.	Marmor.	Ador.

[Page 63]

Appendix de Heteroclytis.

MUtant deficiunt superantve heteroclyta flexu.

Variantia.

NEutra ex faemineis, neutris muliebria fiunt.

Pergamus.	Supellex.	Carbasus Pergamae ôrum. pl. Nundina ârum. pl.
Nundinum.	Epulum.	Delicium.
Hierosolyma.	Balneum.

MAscula plurali sunt quae neutralia primo.

Caelum.	Argos.	Elisium, pl. i.
Cicer.	Sicer, pl. es.

MAscula sunt primo quaedam, sed neutra secundo.

Avernus.	Pangaeus.	Massicus. Et omnes numeri a quatour ad centum inclusive. Mille adjectivum plurale, item est mille Substantivum singulare, quod in plurali, Millia, Millium, Millibus, &c.
Taenarus.	Tartarus.

Daefectiva.

QUae casum nullum variant Aptota vocantur.

Quatuor.	Quinque.	Sex.
Tot.	Totidem.	Quot.
Mille.	Nihil.	Fas.
Nequam.	Frugi.	Gornu.
Gummi.	Sinapi.	Gaepe.
[Page 64]Instar.	Et opus adjectivum pro necessarius. Opus.	Alpha.
Septem.	Aliquot.	Nefas.
Necesse.	In utro (que) numero. Pondo.	Tempe.

ESto Monoptoton casu quod flectitur uno.

Natu.	Noctu.	Promptu.
Jussu.	Permissu	Ingratiis.
Eo inficias. Inficias. Ac pl.	Injussu.	Ambage.

CAsibus & tantum gaudent Diptota duobus.

No. & Vo. ita Jupiter. Macte No. & Voc. utrius (que) numeri retinet, S. Macte. Pl. Macti. Expes.	Vesper, re.	Spontis, te.
Jugeris, re.	Verberis, re.	Tabi, tabo.

ATque tribus flectunt tantum Triprota Latini.

N.	Tantundem	G.	Tantidem	Ac.	Tantundi.
N.	Plus.	G.	Pluris.	Ac.	Plus.
G	Plus, vicis, &c. integre flectuntur in plurali. Plures & Plura, Plurium, &c. Vicis.	Ac.	Viecm.	A	Vice.
	Opis.		Opem.		Ope.
	Precis.		Precem.		Prece.
	Dapis.		Dapem.		Dape.
	Sordis.		Sordem.		Sorde.

TEtraptota vocant casus quae quatuor optant.

G.	D.	Acc.	Ab.
				Jovis.	Jovi.	Jovem.	Jove.
				Jupiter. Ditionis.	Ditioni.	onem.	one.
				Frugis.	Frugi.	Fruge	Fruge.
				Huc referri possunt Partitiva, ut quidam, &c. Interogativa, ut quis, qualis, uter, Relativa, ut qui. Negativa, ut nullus, nemo. Pronomina omnia praeter tu, meus, noster, nostras, quae carent Vocutivo. Proceris.	ceri.	cerem.	cere.
N. Nemo.	Nemini.	Nemine.	Nemine.

[Page 67]

PEntaptota quibus tibi casus quinque supersunt.

Ego.

Ille.

Ecquis.

Vis

Omnis.

Vis caret Dativo singulare.

1 PRopria, 2 Virtutes, 3 Herbae, 4 Frumenta, 6 Metalla,

8 Humores, 11 Vitia, 7 Aetates, 9 & Aromata, 5 Pensa,

10 Uda queant numerum vix de clinare secundum.

1 Jacobus.	2 Charitas.	3 Apium.
4 Triticum.	5 Linum.	6 Aurum.
Argentum.	Stannum.	Ferrum.
Plumbum.	Cuprum.	7 Pueritia.
Infantia.	Juventus.	Senectus.
8 Cholera.	Pituîta.	Melancholia.
Sanguis.	9 Piper.	Crocus.
Cynamonum.	Saccarum.	10 Vinum.
Oleum.	Acetum.	Cerevisia.
11 Ira.	Avaritia.

TRes in plurali casus

Genitivos, Dativos, & Ablativos.

haec neutra recusant,

Hos ita flexurae pluralia nomina

Excipe Res & Dies.

quintae.

Hordeum.	Far.	Mel.
Thus.	Aes.	Rus.
Pernicies.	Fides, &c.

MAscula sunt numero quaedam contenta priori,

Hesperus.	Vesper.	Fimus.
Limus.	Aether.	Nemo.
Meridies.	Pontus.	Aër.
Viscus.

MAsculasunt numero tantum usurpanda secundo.

[Page 68]

Manes.	Majores.	Cancelli.
Liberi.	Lemures.	Fasti.
Natales.	Artus.	Penates.
Codicilli.	Fori.	Superi.
Inferi,	Posteri.	Gemini.
Fasces.	Pugillares.	Ludi.
Parisii.	Aborigenes.

PLurall nullos clamant muliebria casus.

Pubes.	Salus.	Talio.
Pix.	Indoles.	Tussis.
Humus.	Lues.	Mors.
Sitis.	Fames.	Requies.
Tellus.	Fama.	Plebs.
Proles.	Labes.	Soboles.
Lux.	Pax.

Faemineum sortita genus, pluralia solum.

Exuviae.	Grates.	Dirae.
Induciae.	Phalerae.	Insidiae.
Nugae.	Quisquiliae.	Non absolute praeda sed pecunia ex venditione praedae contracta. Maunbiae.
Cunae.	Feriae.	Excubiae.
Idus.	Primitiae.	Plagae.
Valvae.	Calendae.	Divitiae.
Nuptiae.	Literae.	Exequiae.
Tenebrae.	Antiae.	Thermae.
Nonae.	Illecebrae.	Reliquiae.
Tricae.	Minae.	Compedes.
Vindiciae.	Praestigiae.	Clitellae.
Scopae.	Caulae.	Fores.
Salinae.	Ineptiae.	Fortunae.
Bigae.	Venetiae.	Athenae.

[Page 71]

SUnt quae non flexum neutris pluraliter optant,

Justitium.	Ver.	Lac.
Jubar.	Nectar.	Gluten.
Gelu.	Lethum.	Nihilum.
Senium.	Solium.	Fel.
Coenum.	Salum.	Halec.
Vulgus.	Ebur.	Callum.
Solum.	Virus.	Lutum.
Aevum.	Pelagus.	Sevum.
Foenum.

ET sunt plurali quae tantum neutra moventur.

Maenia.	Tesqua.	Praecordia.
Lustra.	Castra.	Arma.
Rostra.	Crepundia.	Cunabula.
Exta.	Compita.	Natalitia.
Adversaria.	Pascua.	Comitia.
Logica.	Libri Philosophici sic Bucolica, Georgica. Physica.	Hierosolyma.

ADjectiva carent neutris pluralia quaedam.

Pauper.	Degener.	Ʋber.
Dives.	Locuples.	Inops.
Sospes.	Comes.	Superstes.
Cempos.	Impos.	Memor, &c.

[Page 72]

Redundantia.

Haec quartum flexum, simul ac tenuere secundum

Nom Laurus, Gen. lauri vel laurus, Ab. lauro & lauru. Ac. pl. lauros & laurus caeteri casus tertiae decl. Quercus, G. querci & quercus. pl. quercorum vel quercuum, caet. quartae. Colus, Gen. coli & colus, Ab. colo, colu, caet. secundae. Nom. Domus, Ge. domi at home, domus of the house, Dat. domui, Accusativo domum, Voc. domus, Abl. domo, pl. Nom. domus, Gen. domorum & domuum, Dat. domibus, Ac. domos & domus, Voc. domus, Abl. dornibus. Pinus & Cornus quartam magis quam secundam sequuntur. Penus & specus, Ablat. Penu, Specu, quae suut etiam tertiae decl. & neutra, Gen. Penoris, & specoris. Ficus pro fructu & arbore quartae, pro morbo secundae tantum. Laurus.	Ficus.	Quercus.
Colus.	Pinus.	Specus.
Domus.

QUae maribus tantum, vel neutris singula dantur,

Nominibus dabit his numerus genus alter utrum (que)

Sibilus.	Locus.	Jocus. pl. i. vel a.
Fraenum.	Rastrum.	Capistrum.
Filum.

PRaeterita, & supina verborum.

FOrmabunt eadem simplex & Compositivum.

Voco vocavi, vocatum.

Provoco, avi, atum.

PRaeteriti verbis rara, est geminatio Excipiuntur composita a Do, sto, disco, posco, quae retinent geminationem. natis.

Respondeo, respondi,

Nulla fit geminatioin supinis.

responsū.

à spondeo, spospondi, sponsum.

AS avi format perfecto atum (que) supino.

ES formabit uï sed itum breve redde supinis.

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FInibus ex variis flexum tibi tertia monstrat.

FOrmat io quartis, ivi descendit in itum.

Primae Conjugationis verba.

Amo, avi, atum.	Composita Necui, nectum. Neco, avi, atū.
Gaeno, avi, atum.	Juro, avi, atum.	Poto, avi, atum. Caenatus, juratus, potus.
Plico, cavi, catū, & plicui, plicitū.

Excipe.

Lavo, vi, vatū.	Cubo, uï, itum.	Domo, uï, itum. Et lotum.
Sono, nuï, itum.	Tono, uï, itum.	Veto, uï, itum.
Grepo, uï Increpavi, atum. itum.	Frico, uï, ctum.	Seco, uï, ctum.
Do, dedi, datum.	Circundo, di, datū.	Sto, steti, statum.
Gircūsto, steti, Caetera composita a sto faciunt stiti, statum & stitum. statū.	Praesto, stiti, stitum & statum.
Adjuvo, adjuvi, adjutum Juvo, juvi.	Dimico, avi, & ui, atum. Mico, micui.	Labo.

Verba secundae Conjugationis.

ES formabit uï, sed itum breve redde supinis.

Et composita ab oleo, quae non mutant significationem.Oleo, olui, olitum.

Excipe.

Aboleo, levi, letū.	Adoleo, levi, ultū.
Exoleo, levi, letū.	Obsoleo, levi, letū.	Inoleo, levi, letum.
Jubeo, jussi, jussū.	Sorbeo, uï, psi, ptū	Misceo, scui, stum.
Doceo, uî, ctum.	Mulceo, si, sum.	Suadeo, si, sum.
Sedeo, sedi, sessū.	Rideo, risi, risum.	Ardeo, arsi, arsū.
Frendeo, di, fressū.	Video, vidi, visū.	Et Pransus Prandeo, di, sū.
Mordeo, Momordi, Pependi, Totondi, Spospondi. di, sum.	Pendeo, pendi, sū.	Tondeo, Toton. sū.
Spondeo, spos. sū.	Haereo, haesi, sum.	Teneo, ui, tum.
Censeo, sui, sū.	Fleo, flevi, ctum.	Deleo, levi, letum.
Augeo, xi, ctum.	Mulgeo, xi, ctum.	Lugeo, xi, ctum.
[Page 76]Torreo, ruï, stum.	Cieo, civi, citum.	Vieo, vievi, vietū
Pateo, uï, sum.	Impleo, evi, etum.	Praemineo, Emineo, Promineo, Immineo, nui, sine sup. Maneo, si, sum.
Torque, si, tum.	Tergeo, tersi, sum.	Indulgeo, si, ultum
Careo, uï, Et Caritum cassū.

Fulgeo, fu, lsi	Timeo, timui.	Turgeo, tursi.
Algeo, alsi,	Strideo, Stridi.	Ʋrgeo, ursi.
Langueo, langui.	Luceo, luxi.	Frigeo, frixi.
Neo, nevi.	Composita ercitum. Exerceo, ui, ercitum. Arceo, arcui.
Nideo.	Polleo.	Clueo.

EX veo fit vi tum. Caveo, cavi, cautum.

Excipe,

Niveo, vi & nixi.	Paveo, pavi.	Ferveo, vi & bui
Flaveo.	Liveo.	Aveo.

CUm dat uï neutrum raro fluit, inde supinum.

Abstineo, abstinui.	Pertineo, pertinuï	Attineo, attinuïi.
Displiceo, displicui	Conticeo, conticui.	Deliteo, delitui.
Niteo, nitui.	Sileo, silui.	Sordeo, sordui.
Surdeo, Surdui.	Splendeo, splendui.	Madeo, madui.
Candeo, candui.	Egeo, egui.	Calleo, callui.
Palleo, pallui.

Neutro passiva.

Gaudeo, gavisus.

Audeo, ausus.

Soleo, solitus.

Deponentia.

Reor, ratus.	Misereor, sertus.	Fateor, fassus.
Tueor, itus tutus.	Mereor, Et merui. meritus.	Medeor.

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Impersonalia.

Libet, libuit, tum.	Licet, licuit, itū.	Piget, piguit, itū.
Pudet, uït, itum.	Placet, uit, itum.	Miseret, uït, tum.
Pertaedet, uît, aesū	Liquet.

Tertia Conjugatio.

FInibus ex variis flexum tibi tertia monstrat.

BO bi, dat itum. Bibo, bibi, bibitum.

Excipe.

Scribo, psi, ptum.	Nubo, psi, ptum.	Cumbo, uï, itum.
Lambo, lambi.	Scabo, scabi.

CO, ci, tum, format, Vinco, vici, victum.

Excipe.

Dico, dixi, dictū.

Duco, duxi, ctum.

Parco, peperci, & parsi, citū, & sū.

DO, di, sum, format. Edo, Verbum Edo mutuatur personas & tempora a verbo sum. edi, esum, estum.

Comedo, di, sum.	Scando, di, sum.	Fundo, fudi, sum.
Findo, fidi, fissum.	Scindi, scidi, ssum.	Cado, cecidi, casū.
Cetera composita carent supinis. Occido, cidi, casū.	Recido, recidi, sū.	Caedo, cecidi, caesū.
Tundo, tutudi, sū,	& Composita a rundo tusum. Sic applaudo, si, sum, sedcomplodo, explodo, supplodo, composita mutant dipthongum in o. Tusum.	Pando, di, passum.
Rudo, rudi.	Strido, stridi.	Sido.

Excipe.

Cedo, cessi, cessum.	Vado, vasi, vasū.	Claudo, si, sum.
Plaudo, di, sum.	Rodo, rosi, rosum.	Rado, rasi, rasum.
Laedo, laesi, laesum.	Ludo, lusi, lusum.	Trudo, trusi, sum.
Divido, divisi, sū.	Pedo, pepedi, ditū.	Fido, fisus.

[Page 80]

A Do, didi, ditum, habet natum, si tertia flectat.

Addo didi, ditum.	Edo, edidi, editū.	Perdo, didi, ditū.
Sic Abdo.	Obdo.	Condo.
Indo.	Trado.	Vendo.
Prodo.	Credo.	Dedo.
Reddo.	Abscondo, Abscondo, abscondi, potius. didi, ditum.

GO & guo, xi, & format ctum, Iungo, junxi, junctū.

Extinguo, xi, ctū.	Surgo, rexi, ctum.	Pergo, rexi, ctum.
Fingo, finxi, ctum.	Mingo, xi, ctum.	Stringo, xi, ctum.
Pingo, xi, ctum.	Ringo, rinxi, ctum.	Frigo, frixi, ctū.
Pango, xi, ctum.	Pungo, xi, ctum.	Et repupugi. Repungo, punxi.

Sugo, suxi.	Ango, anxi.	Clango, clanxi.
Ningo ninxi.	Lingo, linxi.

Excipe.

Lego, legi, lectum.	Ago, egi, actum.	Frango, fregi, actū.
Tango, tetigi, actū	Mergo, merfi, sum.	Tergo, tersi, tersū.
Figo, fixi, fixum.	Spargo, sparsi, sū.	Pango, pepegi, pegi, pactum.
Satago, sategi.	Dego, degi.	Prodigo, prodegi.
Ambigo.	Vergo.

HO, xi, ctum format, Traho, traxi, tractum.

LO dat uï, dat itum, Molo, moluï, molitum.

Excipe.

Colo, coluï, cultū.	Occulo, culuï, tū.	Sallo, salli, sals [...]
Consulo, suluï, tū.	Alo, aluï, Et alitum. altum.	Pello, puli, pulsū.
[Page 83]Vello, velli, sum.	Fallo, fefelli, falsū	Excello, ui, celsu.
Tollo, sustuli, sublatū	Extollo, tuli, elatū
Refello, felli,	Psallo, psalli.	Attollo.

MO dat ui, dat itum. Gemo, gemui, gemitum.

Excipe.

Emo, emi, emptū.	Demo, psi, ptum.	Como, psi, ptum.
Promo, psi, ptum.	Sumo, psi. ptum.	Premo, pressi, sum.
Tremo, tremui.

NO, vi, tum format. Sino, sivi, situm.

Sperno, sprevi, tū.	Sterno, stravi, tū.	Lino, levi, litum. Lini & liv [...]
Cerno, crevi, tum.	Decerno, vi, tum.

Excipe.

Contemno, psi, ptū.	Gigno, genui, itū.	Pono, posui, itum.
Composita a cano, faciunt cinui, centum, a Carpo, cerptum. Cano, cecini, cantum.	Concino, ui, centum.

PO, psi, ptum, format. ut Carpo, carpsi, carptum.

Discerpo, discerpsi, discerptum.

Excipe.

Rumpo, rupi, ruptum.

Strepo, strepui, strepitum.

QƲo qui, ctum, format. Linquo, liqui, lictum.

Excipe.

Coquo, coxi, coctum.

[Page 84]

RO, vi, tum, format. Composita a sero, saevi, dant situm.Sero, sevi, satum.

Insero, in sevi, situm.

Quaero, sivi, tum.

Tero, trivi, tum.

Excipe.

Gero, gessi, gestum.	Verro, verri, sum.	Ʋro, ussi, ustum.
Fero, tuli, latum.	Sero, serui, sertū.	Furo.
Praecurro, praecurri, & praecucurri. Curro, cucuri, cursum.

SO dat sivi, situm. Lacesso, lacessivi, lacessitum.

Excipe.

Viso, visi, visū.	Pinso, sui, Plusitum & pinsum. pistū.	Depso, depsui, psitum.
Incesso, incessi.	Facesso, facessi.

Omnia incaeptiva in sco carent praeteritis & S.S.SCo, vi, tum, format. Nosco, vi, tum. Pernosco, vi, tū.

Cognosco, cognovi, cognitum.

Agnosco, agnovi, agnitū.

Excipe.

Posco, poposci.	Disco, didici.	Quinisco, quexi.
Glisco.	Fatisco.

TO, ti, tum format. Composita a sisto neutra faciunt stiti, stitum, consisto, &c. sicut composita a sto. Sisto, stiti, statum.

Consto, constiti, constitum.

Consisto, constiti, constitum.

Excipe.

Verto, verti, sum.	Mitto, misi, issum.	Peto, petivi. tum.
Meto, essui, essum.	Flecto, flexi, xum.	Necto, nexi, xum.
Plecto, plexi, xū.	Pecto, pexi, pexu.	Sterto, stertui.

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VO, vi, tum, format. Volvo, volvi, volutum.

Excipe.

Vivo, vixi, victum.

XO, uī, tum, format. Texo, texui, textum.

CIo, ci, tum format. Composita a facio, & jacio, jectū, & jectum insupinis.Facio, feci, factum.

Jacio, jeci, jactum.

Excipe.

Lacio, lexi, lectum.

Specio, spexi, spectum.

DIo, di, sum format. Fodio, fodi, fossum.

GIo, gi, tum, format. Fugio, fugi, fugitū.Composita a Capio, ceptum.

PIo, pi, tum, format. Capio, cepi, captum.

Excipe.

Composita a Rapio, reptum.

Rapio, rapui, raptū.

Cupio, ivi, cupitū.

Sapio, sapui.

RIo, ri, tum format. Pario, peperi, Ab antiquo paritum, pariturus venit. partum.

TIo, ssi, sum format. Quatio, quassi, quassū.

UO, uī, utum, format. Tribuo, tribui, tributū.

Excipe.

Composita a ruo faciunt rutum. Ruo. rui, ruitū.	Luo, lui, luitum.	Fluo, fluxi, xum.
Struo, xi, ctum.	Pluo, plui, pluvi.
Sic abnuo, innuo, &c. Renuo, renui.	Ingruo, ingrui.	Congruo, congrui.
Respuo, respui,	Metuo, metui.

[Page 88]

Deponentia notanda.

Labor, lapsus, labi.	Adipiscor, deptus.	Cōminiscor, entus.
Expergisco [...]ectus	Irascor, iratus.	Nasciturus. Nascor, natus.
Nanciscor, nactus.	Obliviscor, litus.	Paciscor, pactus.
Fungor, functus.	Proficiscor, fectus.	Ʋlciscor, ultus,
Fatiscor, fessus.	Fruor, ctas, itus.	Loquor, locutus.
Sequor, secutus.	Queror, questus.	Amplector, plexus.
Nitor, nisus nixus.	Ʋtor, usus.	Moriturus in participio &c iturus i Orto [...] alias habet votes tertiae conjugationis, alias quartae, ut etiam potior, poti [...]us, at infinitivus est semper quartae oriri, potiri. Morior, ortuus.
Patior, passus.	Gradior, gressus.
Orior, ortus, riri	Liquor.	Reminiscor.
Vescor.

Quarto Coniugatio.

FOrmat io, quartis ivi descendit in itum.

Partio, tivi, titū.	Cjo, civi, cjtum.	Parturio, ivi, itū.
Esurio, rivi, Caetera mectirativa carent Supinis. ritū.	Salio, salivi, litū.	Eo, ivi, itum.

Excipe

A pario, perui, pertum, dant omnia quartae Excipe Comperio, comperi. Reperio, reperi, pertum. Reperio, peri, tū.	Comperio, ri, pertū	Venio, veni, tum.
Sentio, sensi, sum.	Vincio, xi, ctum.	Fulsio, fulsi, tum.
Hairio, si, haustū.	Sartio, sarsi, tum.	Fartio, farsi, tum.
Raucio, rausi, sū.	Sepio, sepsi, septū.	Sancio, xi, Et Sancitum. ctū.
Composita a Salio, sultum. Insilio, insilui insultum. Salio, salui, tum.	Amicio, xi, ctum.	Sepelio, livi, ultū.
Singultio, vi, tū.	Cambio, psi, psum.
Gestio, gestivi.	Veneo ex adverbio venum & co, sicut ex pessum, fit pessundo. Veneo, venii.	Ferie.
Experior, pertus.	Opperior, pertus.	Metior, mensus.
Assentior, sensus.	Ordior, orsus.

HAEc in e dant primum si componantur ubsque.

[Page 91]Damno, lacto, sacro, fallo, arceo, tracto, fatiscor,
Partio, carpo, patro, scando, spargo, pario (que)
Farcio, sic pasco, gradior.

HIc ita compositis fit in i mutatio primae.

Tango, habeo, lateo, salio, statuo, eado, laedo,
Et placeo, maneo, quaero, sapio, cano, caedo,
Sic egeo, leneo, taceo, rapio.

HAEc primas tantum praesentis in i sibi mutant.

Ʋt facio, jacio, specio, capio, lego, premo,
Pango, ago, emo, lacio, fateor, sedeo, rego, frango.

HAEc claudo, causo, quatio, lavo, rejiciunt a.

SI companantur calco, salto, a per e mutant.

[Page 95]

Syntaxis.

[Page 96]

Syntaxis.

SYntaxis est debita ordinatio, & connexio partium orationis inter se juxta usum probatissimorum authorum.

Partes sunt duae,

Concordantia &
Regimen.

Concordantia est Convenientia,

Inter
- Nominativum & Verbum.
- Substantivum & Adjectivum.
- Antecedens & Relativum.

[Page 97]

Concordantia prima.In his, tonat, pluit, fulminat, sulgurat, nimgit gelat, vesperascit, lucescit, &c. Subintelligitur aut deus, natura, coelum, [...]er, nox, dies, &c.

IMpertire solet verbo duo munera Rectus,

Personam, & Numerum, quae conformantur utri (que)

Scientia inflat.

Oportet Nomnativus eleganter in Accusativum vertitur ante verbum infinitum, cum potest resolvi per [quod] vel [ut] oportet mendacem esse memorem. ut Mendax sit memor.

Concordantia secunda.

SUnt numero, genere, & casu conformia Fixum,

At (que) Adjectivum, triplici nectente catena.

Summum jus injur ia est summa.

Concordantia tertia.

OMne Relativum cum

Antececedente.

praecedente cohaeret.

In quibus aequivalent Numerus, Persona, Genus (que)

Vir sapit, qui pauca loquitur.

Faenoramus ea, quae collocamus in Pauperes.

SUppositum

Suppositum dicitur Nomnativus, Substantivum Antecedens, Appositum contra sc. Verbum, Adjectivum, aut Relativum

tribus est, quicquid respondeat apte,

si nomen non sit, velut invariabile flectes.

Aliud Cras.

Est quaedam flere voluptas.

[Page 98]

SUppositum includit vox possessiva fepultum.

Exaudi vocem meam clamantis ad te, vel mei.

Miror stultitiam vestram Nostros vidisti flentis ocellos enallage numeri, nostri pro mei. qui Aethiopem lavatis. vel vestri.

QUum numero absimili Rectis intervenit ipsum,

Verbum, vel generis diversi si foret inter,

Supposita appositum, postremo saepe quadrabit.

Conscientia mille sunt testes.

Non omnis error stultitia est dicenda.

Nemo tollat saxum, qui limes ponitur.

Nomen singulare multitudinis aequivalet plufali synthes. [Cum] habet vim conjunctionis, Remus cum fatre, i. e. Remus & frater.

SIngula conjunctim valeant pluraliter, horum

Personam, Appositum, genus induit, & mage dignum.

Amicus & aurum ignibus sunt probandi.

Ego & res mea valemus.

Aqua & ignis sunt Prima persona dignior est quam secunda, secunda dignior quam tertia. Masculínum genus dignius est faeminino, sed neutrum muliebri praefertur, praecipue cum de rebus inanimatis sermo est, aqua & ignis, &c. inexorabilia.

Gerundia, Supina, Participia, adverbia, &c.Regimen.

NAta a liunde suae casus & originis optant.

[Page 101]

Equi molam trahentes, multum ambulant, parum promovent.

Prudentis est obviam ire periculis.

Constructio Substantivorum.

SI duo concurrunt, patrio compone

Genitivus hic saepe variatur per possessivum, Heri filius, herilis fillus.

secundum,

Posterius simul ac dandi dignabere casu.

Quum duo idem spirant, casu nectantur eodem.

Anicularum delīramenta.

Omne solum, forti patria est.

Homo bulla! quid superbis?

DEdecoris genito, aut sexto des nomina laudis.

Odi pueros praecoci sapientia.

Homo emunctae, vel obesae naris.

GAudet Opus sexto fixum, sic postulat Ʋsus.

Non opus est illo cïve, qui parere nescit.

ADiectiva suis stant viribus, atque sequenti

Neutra dabunt patrium, fixi sub nominis umbra.

Justus, justa diligit.

Multum condimenti, parum opsonii.

[Page 102]

Constructio Adjectivorum.

ADiectiva petunt patrium Excipe verbalia in bilis, quae cum passivo significant, dativum regunt for [...] na telis inviolabiles, sunt deorum filii. verbalia casum.

Omnium formarum capax.

Natura amans est sobolis.

ILla quibus

Solicitus, securus, &c. usurpantur cum praepositione. Conscius semper regit dativum personae.

studium est, oblivio, cura reatus,

Cognitio, timor, & contra, meruere secundos.

Animalia lucis timida.

Cupidus imperii miser.

Virtus repulsae nescia sordidae.

COpia

Liber, vacuus, inanis, purus, nudus, inops, orbis, &c. variant casum per praepositionem, a liber, a metu.

nominibus, vel Verbis si sit egestas,

Haec rapiunt sextum, saepe Adiectiva secundum.

Homo rimarum plenus.

Vinum caret clavo.

PArtitiva

Partitiva, sunt quae partem multitudinis significant, vel sigillatim multa, ut aliquis, alius, alter, uter, neuter, uter (que), nullus, solus, ullus, quis (que), quid [...]m, quilibet, quicun (que), u [...]nsquis (que), pauci, omnes, nemo, pro nullus.

regunt genitos, numeralia, nomen

Omne Rogativum, medius gradus, at (que)supremus,

Unde

Nonnulla conveniunt cum supposito, leo animalium fortissimus pro fortissimum.

genus sibimet poterunt dignoscere certum.

Omnium ne (que) primus, ne (que) pessimus.

Calvitium uni tantum animalium, homini est.

[Page 105]

Adject. quae regunt Dativum.

ADjectiva quibus favor est, aut grata voluptas

Obsequium, vel contra imponunt fraena Dativo.

Aurora musis amica.

Quis (que) malus sibi inimicus.

UTile

plaera (que) commodi & aptitudinis efferuntur cum praepositione ad, pronus ad iram. Necessaria ad victum. Natus ad lepores. sic facilis, intentus, aptus, commodus, habilis, promptus, oportunus, proclivis, utilis, assuetus, appositus, &c.

longinquum cum significabitur aptum,

Difficile aut contra, dandi substernito casum.

Invia virtuti nulla est via.

Statio malefida carinis.

Flamma fumo proxima.

DIssimile, Sic proprius, communis, superstes, obnoxius, immunis, dativo vel genitivo. & contra, terno, patrio (que) fruatur.

Qui affines sunt culpae sint participes paenae.

Nulli veterum pietate secundus.

Adjectiva quae regunt Accusativum.

IN quarto, sextove, rei Post Adjectiva & verba. mensura quiescit.

Muri Babylonis Ducentos pedes alti.

A bona conscientia ne latum unguem recedas.

Sesquipede longum.

[Page 106]

Adjectiva quae regunt Ablativum.

QUam, Magis habet rationem Adjectivi compara [...]ivi, item malo, ex magis & volo, ut malim granum hordei omnibus gemmis. post Collativa solent exponere sexto.

Corvi lusciniis sunt honoratiores, vel quam lusciniae.

Dimidium plus toto.

FRetus amat sexum, Dignus (que) Indignus dignus admittunt rarius genitivum, Indignus avorum, supple [nomine] vel [fama.] indignus eundem.

Dignum patellâ operculum.

Vestra fretus patientia.

Constructio Verborum.

QUae

Item eluto vel cluo, audio pro habeor. Horum infinita habent utrin (que) cosdem easus. Malo esse dives malo me esse divitem. Mediocribus esse poetis, non homines, non dii, non concessere columnae.

substant, passiva vocandi, verba (que) gestus,

Si vel idem spectant, recti comitentur utrin (que)

Mulier domus salus est, & calamitas.

Nemo nascitur artifex.

Pulmonem aiunt spirandi esse officinam.

Verba quae regunt Genitivum.

ESt genitum, quoties possessio significatur,

Aut si proprietas aliquod, vel munus habetur.

Pauperis est Munns, officium aut proprium sub intelligitur, ideo non respondetur mei, tui, sui, &c. sed meum, tuum, suum, nostium, vestium. est numerare pecus.

Non sentire mala, non est hominis.

Non ferre non est viri.

[Page 109]

VOx patrium, aut sextum paenae vel criminis optat.

Damnatus laebae Hic [u [...] mine] aut [arimius] possunt intelligi. Majestatis.

Accusabo eodem ego te crimine.

VUlt genitum satago

Misereor tui, (i.e.) vicem tui. Miseror cum accusativo.

misereri, sic miseresco,

Paenitet at (que) piget, taedet, miseret (que) pudet (que)

Post quartum patrios cupiunt adsciscere casus.

Rerum suarum satagit.

Quem facti paenitet, fere est innocens.

GIgnendi casum, aut quartum Reminiscor habebit,

Obliviscor item

Non me, te, se, post, memini & oblitus, sed mei, tui, sui.

Memini, verbum (que) Recordor.

Natalium tuorum reminiscere.

INtererit Refert

Adjiciuntur genitivi, tanti, quanti, magni, parvi, plurimi, adverbialiter.

genito, pronomina demas.

Faemineis sextis quae possessiva fruuntor.

Cujus (que) interest.

Mea Refert, (i.e.) ex mea parte.Mea, tua, sua, nostra, vestra, cuja, quidam Accusativos esse contendunt. & subintelligi officia vel munera.

Verba quae regunt Dativum.Quaedam ferunturin accusativo, cum praepositione ad, post, voco, &c. Respondeo tam dativo, quam accusativo.

PErsonae atque rei [cui quid] concede Dativum.

Rete non milvo tenditur.

Aureos mihi montes pollicetur.

[Page 110]

Pro obedit anti (que)

QUod credit, prodest, placet, [...]dit.

Vel

Excipe juvo, laedo, offendo, quae accusativum regunt, & doleo, accusat. rei, ut tua, damna, dole.

contra, dandi poterit con [...]g [...] casum.

Satius est mederi initiis quam fini.

Desperant fortunis suis.

Tempero moderor aliquando accusativo leguntur, jubeo rarius dativo

SI venia, imperium, seu disignabitur illis

sra, vel eventus, sequeretur verba Dativus.

Animum natalibus aeques.

SapiensDominari in suos. dominabitur astris.

Ignoscas aliis multa, tibi nihil.

QUae tollunt, arceat, & quae

Verba comparandi admittunt ad vel cum, ad noctuam, vel cum noctua comparas.

conferre notantur,

Dissidium quibus est, aliqua aut distantia, casum

Ternum optant, sexto quem mutant praepositurae.

Superbia Deum, invidia proximum, ira meipsum mihi aufert, vel a me.

Aquilam noctuae comparas.

Celata virtus paulum distat inertiae, vel ab inertia.

MUtatum Agentis. sexto cupiunt passiva Dativum.

Ʋltima dies semper expectetur homini, vel ab homine.

[Page 113]

SƲm cum progenie, nisi possum, fige dativis.

Est mihi curta supellex, (i.e.) habeo curtam supellectilem.

Luxuriae multa, avaritiae desunt omnia.

VErba regunt dandi casum, fi

Allatro, antecedo, antecello, anteco, antesto, antevenio, anteverto, attendo, condono, illudo, incesso, insulto, occumbo, praecedo, praecinro, Praeco, praesto, praestolor, &c. eadem significatione dativum, vel accusativum regunt. Confeto, conduco, accedo, incumbo, applico, &c. dativum vel accusativum cum Praepositione ad. Interdico saepius cum dativo, & ablativo.

particula ob, con,

Ante, sub, inter, ad, in, prae, post, super, additur illis

Deus Cogitationibus intervenit.

Vitia obrepunt nobis, sub nomine virtutum.

SƲm gaudet duplici, sic plurima Do, duco, verto, tribuo, habco, do tibi hoc laudi, pignori▪ dono, faenori. verba dativo.

Longo itineri, etiam palea oneri est.

Verba quae regunt Accusativum.

QUorum Verba ad sensus pervinentia, saepe pro activis sumuntur, olet, sapit, sonat, spirat, vivit, (i.e.) odore, sapore, sono, spiritu vita exprimit. transit opus, post, sumunt omnia quartos.

Habet & musca splenem.

Clavum extorquere Herculi.

Olet Hircum.

COgnati quartum sermonis

Verba neutra intransitiva sunt quorum vis, & significatio imma net, curro▪ vivo.

neutra tenebun [...],

Hanc ablativo ponit variatio vocem.

Eandem canit cantilenam.

Morte obiit repentinâ.

[Page 114]

OPtarunt quartos gemino sibi sumere nexu.

Sive

Hic variatio fit per praepositio nes crudiit t [...] leges, (i. e.) juxta leges; cogit haec me, heri immodestía, (i. e.) ad haec.

docent aliquid, vel signant verba precari.

Temperantiam multos docuit penuria.

Precare deum veniam, vel a deo.

Verba quae regunt Ablativum.

GAudent causa, rei modus, instrumenta (que) sexto.

Suo more ad vomitum redibit canis.

Voluptas assiduitate fastidium parit.

Generosus equus, vel virgae umbra regitur.

IN sexto Hi Genitivi adverbiascunt solitarii, tanti, quanti, huius, magni, plures, minoris, plurimi, parvi, minimi, his addunt beni, & Substantiva flocci, nauci, nihili, pili, as [...]s, T [...]runtis: quibus subintelligi potest, preci [...]. Pars sive membrum in Genitivo aliquando ponitur discrucior animi, poetice in accusativo, ossa fremit, intellige quoad, vel secundum, ut Graecis [...]. precium, sic, quo fit passio membrum.

Quod non opus est, asse carum est.

Ʋlro (que) pede claudicat.

NOmen erit sexto, proprio

Hic Adjectum est semper participium vel intelligigitur fictum [ense] vel [existente.] Portuna existente duce.

moderamine junctum

Participi, donec sua conjunctura resolvat.

Dejectâ arbore ligna colligunt.

Fortuna duce.

[Page 117]

HAEc sextum Pot iti terum supple imperio. potior, fruor, utor, fungor, amabun [...].

Ʋtere mundo, fruere Deo.

Infinitiva.

INfinita tenent post mobile, verba, sequelam.

In solâ Sparta expedit senescere.

Gerundia.

DI finita jube comitare Gerundia nomen.

Natura hic commorandi nobis diversorium dedit.

Ratio scribendi Accusatitivus pluralis aliquando vertitur in Genitivum. Ratio scribendarum literarum vel scribendi literatum. literas.

Athenas erudiendi Gerundia in di, quando (que) passive significant. gratia missus.

QUae sextum ante eunt, in do

Gerundia in de passive significantia, dativi constructionem, subeuntper ellipsim. sc. pur habilis ido neus, aptus, bonus, &c. non sum solvendo.

finita praeibunt

Particulas, modo grassantur sine praeposituris.

In numerando pecuniā paratus vel numerandâ pecunia

Memoria augetur exercendo.

DUm Cum necessitas significatur gerundium in dum, ponitur absolute cum verbo [est] & nominativus in dativum veritur, quîdam hoc fieri contendunt per participium in [du [...]] ut, & post malar [...] fegetem serendum nobis, We must lowe after an ill bar vest. finita loco quarti praepos'ta gubernant.

Ne sis praeceps ad loquendum fabulas vel loquendas fabulas.

Ad intelligendum difficile.

Inter convivandum sint viri consonantes, mulieres vocales, puellae muta.

[Page 118]

Supina.

ACtivum prius est, & motus verba sequetur.

Cur te is Tripliciter variari potest, cur is ad te perdendum? cur is ut te perdar? cur is te perditurus? perditum?

Stultitiae est venatum ducere invitos canes.

MObilibus subsunt bene posteriora supina.

Cibus Vel ad concoquendum. concoctu facius.

De Tempore.

QƲando] quid est, sextus tibi casus temporis ad sit.

Puncto temporis rerum momenta vertuntur.

Postero die quam illa acta erant.

QƲamdiu] amat quartum, quando (que) reponere sextum.

Nemo tam senex, quin se annum putet posse vivere.

Ubi?De Loco.

IN [quo] pone loci proprium primaeve, secundae

flexurae patrio, sexto sed nomina Ternae,

Propria item sexto si sint pluralia tantum.

Tarenti fecit Archytas ligneam columbam volatilem.

Delphis Oracula cessant.

Serpit humi Sic usurpantur humi, militia, belli, caetera apellativa & nomina Regionum Provincīarum, & Insula. rum sequunim praepositiones. tutus nimiùm.

[Page 121]

Quo?

quos] disce locos proprios componere quarto

Unde?

quibus] aut [per

Qua? poetice, sc clamor caelo.

quae] loca ponas propria sextis.

Noctuas Athenas portat.

Rectâ Oxoniam.

Discessit Cantabrigia.Vel per Romam.

Româ profecturus est.

RUs tamen atque Domus propriorum castra sequuntur.

Res angusta Domi non alius patitur genitivos quam mea, tua, sua, nostra, vestrae, aliona, Si alia adjectiva adduntur, aliis casibus utendum, ut versor domo ampla, non amplae. domi —ruri.

Ite domum —rus.

Reversus domo —rure.

Adverbia.

EN] primo & quarto quibus oblectaverit Ecce. Instar potius Substantivum invariabile & similitudinem significat, vel ad similitudinem. Habet enim vim praepositionis ad, in sc.

Ecce homo.

En impudentiam.

TEmporis atque loci, quanti (que) adverbia quaedam

Arrident patrio, sic utimur [instar] & [ergô.]

Nusquam loci tuta fides.

Instar omnium.

Illius ergô.

[Page 122]

Conjunctiones.

DIsjungens, similes nectunt, & Copula casus.

Quam, nisi, praeterquam, an, talem, servare catenam.

Mallem invenire bonos quam facere.

Praepositiones.

ISta Satellitii glomerabunt agmina quartis.

Circiter, adversum, cis, citra, adversus, & extra,

Erga, apud, ante, secus, trans, supra, versus, ad, infra,

Ʋltra, post, praeter, propter prope, pone, secundum,

Per, circum, circa, contra, juxta, inter, ob, intra, usque, penes.

Ad graecas Calendas. Ob oculos.

SUnt Ablativo bis sex sua vota A, abs, sine, abs (que) coram, cum, de, e, ex, pro, prae, Tenus. ferentes.

Est regi a poculis.

Pro virili.

Ore Tenus aliquando regit genitivum pluralem, cum de duobus sermo est, ut aurium tenus. tenus. Capulo tenus.

QUin (que) dabunt sexto aut quarto sua vincula In, sub, super, subter, etam. partes

Sub dio.

Nitimur in vetitum.

[Page 125]

JUnctae aliis casum retinent, aliquando redundant.

Medios intercinit actus.

Accede ad ignem.

Interjectiones.

ALloquitur quoties, feret interjectio quintum.

Euge serve fidelis.

Heus bone vir.

CLamantes recto quarto, quintove praeibunt.

Ah me miserum!
ô festus dies!

COncludunt Hei, vae, cruciatibus, atque Dativis.

Hei mihi!
Vae misero tibi!

FINIS.

[Page 95]

Syntax.

SYntax is the due order and connexion of the parts of Speech among themselves, according to the practise of the best Authors.

The parts are

Concord and
Government.

Corcord is an Agreement,

Between the
- Nominative case and the Verb.
- Substantive and Adiective.
- Antecedent and Relative.

[Page 96]

The first Concord.

Nominative Cases are often understood, but especially ego, ru, ille, nos, vos, illi, when there is no distinction, or emphatical signification intended.

VErbs personall in Concord do receive

Number and Person from their Nominative.

Knowledge puffeth.

It is fit If you leave out the Conjunction [that] which in latine is called quod or ut, the Nominative is elegantly turned into the Accusative, and the Verb into the Infinitive Mood. that a Liar be mindfull.

The second Concord.

THe Adjective and Substantive imbrace

In their particular Gender, Number, Case.

Extream right (or Law) is extream wrong.

The third Concord.

ALL Antecedents their own number give

Person and gender to their Relative.

The man is wise When the English [that] may be turned into [which] it is a Relative. that speaketh few words.

We put those things to use, which When there comes no Nominative case between the Relative and Verb, the Relative may be the Nominative Case, otherwise it is Governed like a noun Substantive. we place upon the poor.

THe guiding part in every Concord's that,

Which answereth to the question [who] or [what,]

This sometimes proves to be no word of Case,

But is an Aptote, and supplies the place.

An other to morrow.

It is a kinde of pleasure to weep.

[Page 99]

THe Antecedent and the Substantive

Are sometime buried in the Possessive.

Hear The Prayer of me. my prayer calling to thee.

I wonder at The folly of ye. your folly which wash an Ethiop.

VErbs may between two Nominatives, that be

Of divers numbers, with the last agree:

Thus Adjectives, or Relatives, when plac'd

Betwixt two different genders, chuse the last.

Conscience is a thousand witnesses.

All error is not to be called folly.

Let no man take away the stone, which is called a Bounder.

NOuns singular conjoynd, when they precede

Verbs, Adjectives, or Relatives may plead

The first person is more worthy then the second, the second more worthy then the third. The masculine gender is more worthy then the feminine, but the neuter is before the feminine, when the things mentioned are without life. Aqua & ignis sunt inexorebilia.

A plurall nature, and these three surrender

Themselves to the most worthy person, Gender.

A Friend and Gold are to be tried in the Fire.

I and my businesse are well.

Water and fire are not to be intreated.

Every word is Governed of that which goes next before in orderly construing, except the Relative, which is governed of that which followes. Interrogatives and Indefinites follow the Rule of the Relative.Government.

VVOrds that descend from Verbs or Nouns, arrest

Those Cases which their Primitives possest.

[Page 100]

Horses drawing the mill walk much, advance little.

It is a wise mans part to meet danger.

Construction of Substantives.

VVHen two concur, the latter Substantive

With the sign [of] assumes the Genitive,

With [to] the Dative, if they both declare

The same thing, then their cases equal are.

Old wives tales.

Every soil is native to a valiant man.

Oh man! a Buble, why art thou proud?

BƲt in the second case, or sixt we place

The noun of

With this Substantive is alwayes an Adjective signifying quality.

Commendation or disgrace.

I mislike children of too early wisdom.

A man of a cleer, or a thick nostril.

OPus and Usus when they need betray

Their

The thing wanted.

want, into the Ablative convey.

There is no need of that Citizen, that knows not how to obey.

When man cometh after an Adjective, the Adjective may be put alone Masculine. When thing is expresse^d, the Adjective may be put alone Neuter.

LIke fixed Nouns some Adjectives do stand,

And Neuter, may their genitives command.

A Just man loveth Just things.

Much sauce, little meat.

[Page 103]

The construction of Adjectives.

SOme that from Verbs

Verbal Adjectives in bilis, when they signifie passively, Govern a Dative.

Original derive,

And Participials claim a Genitive.

Capable of all forms.

Nature is a lover of her issue.

THe second Case all

These Adjectives have the sign [of] after them, and some are varied by prepositions.

Adjectives do binde,

That signifie Desire, Fear, guilt of minde,

Care, knowledge, or Oblivion, or what may

Answer their sense, the clean contrary way.

Creatures fearful of the light.

A man desirous of Empire is miserable.

Vertue is ignorant of a base repulse.

Some Adjectives, as liber, vacuus, &c. have their cases varied by prepositions.

want, or plenty Nouns or

Verbs have commonly an Ablative.

Verbs conspire.

They Genitives or Ablatives require.

A man full of chinks.

Wine Partitives signifie part of a multitude, or many in the singular, and the case after these may be varied by prepositions E, De, Ex, Inter, Ante, Omnium primus (i.e.) primus ante omnes, &c. wanteth a Rudder.

NOuns partitive, and such as numeral are,

Nouns interrogative, and which compare,

Or are superlative, may justly claim

A Genitive, whence they their gender name.

Neither the first, nor the worst of all.

Baldnesse is to man only of living creatures.

[Page 104]

Adjectives which govern a Dative.

A Dative doth most properly relate

These have commonly the sign [to] after them.

Adjectives that carry love or hate,

Pleasure, or Sorrow, or whose English sense,

Is Opposition, or Obedience.

The morning is kinde to the Muses.

Every wicked man is an enemy to himself.

Very many signifying profit and aptitude, are varied elegantly with the preposition ad, as prone to anger, necessary to Food, Born to wit, &c.

Profitable, easie, apt, or neer,

Or contrary, the Dative will adheer.

No Path is out of the way to vertue.

A Bay trecherous to ships.

Flame is next to smoak.

LIke or unlike in any Adjective,

Govern a

So Proprius proper, Communis common, Superstes surviver, obnoxiut lyable, immunis free, alienus strange, these two last may be varied with prepositions, immunes ab illis malis, free from those evils, &c.

Dative, or a Genitive.

They who are kindred in fact, must be allied in the punishment.

Second to none of the Antients in Vertue.

Adjectives which Govern an Accusative.

LEngth, bredth, height, thickness, depth, and space of place,

We measure in the fourth, or the sixt case.

The wals of Babylon were two hundred foot high.

Depart not a nails bredth from a good conscience.

A foot and a half long.

[Page 107]

Adjectives which Govern an Ablative.

COmparatives with the sign [then] do bring

When [then] is not made in Latine by quam, ac, or atque.

An Ablative to the exceeded thing.

Crows are more Honourable then Nightingales.

Half is more then all.

DIgnus, indignus, fretus, will have none,

But the sixt case in cleer construction.

A Cover worthy of the Cup.

Bold upon your patience.

Construction of Verbs.

VErbs, that do beeing signifie,

The Infinitives of these, will have such cases after them as before, whether a Nomnative, Accusative, or Dative.

and some

Passives, which call, and neer their nature come,

With Verbs of gesture, equally esteem

A nominative before, and after them.

A woman is the safety and Calamity of a house.

No man is born an Artist.

They say the Lungs is the office of breathing.

Verbs which Govern a Genitive.

A Genitive next [est] doth signifie

Possession, Office, or Propriety.

It is the part of a poor man to number his Cattel.

Not to be sensible of evil, is not the part of a man.

Not to bear, is not the part of a valiant man.

[Page 108]

THe crime or pain, we in the second use,

Or fourth, when we

These Verbs have the sign [of] after their English, and may be varied by the Ablative, with, or without the preposition [de.]

condemn, quit, warn, accuse.

Condemned of high Treason.

I will accuse thee of the same Crime.

MIsereor,

Misereor and miseresco have sometimes a Dative.

miseresco, satago,

Do after them a Genitive allow,

Paenitet, Taedet, Piget, Miseret,

And Pudet the Accusative admit,

Next which, a Genitive they also take,

Of that, which doth their shame, grief, pity make.

He is busie about his own affairs.

He that repents of his deed, is almost innocent.

REcordor, obliviscor, memini,

And Reminiscor Verbs indifferent be,

Whether next them, you in construction place

the Genitive, or the Accusing case.

Remember your stock.

REfert and Interest Genitives design,

But Ablatives from pronouns feminine.

It behoveth every man.

It concerns me, or mine.

Verbs which Govern a Dative.

WHen [

This [to] is made by [a [...]] with an Accusative after voco, provoce, incando, loquor, hortor, invito, excito, accerso, attinet, pertinet, spectat, and Verbs of motion.

to] or [for] come after Verbs, we may

A Dative to the following nouns convey.

The net is not spread for the Kite.

He promiseth me (or to me) golden mountains.

[Page 111]

TO trust, to profit, aid, obey and please,

Have Datives, so the

Except juvo, lado, offendo, which govern Accusatives.

contrary to these.

It is better to cure the beginning, then the end.

They dispair of their fortunes.

VErbs that imply Command, Contingence, Ire,

Or pardon, Datives after them require.

Bring down your minde to your fortune.

A wise man shall govern the Stars.

Pardon many things to others, nothing to thy self.

TO verbs that take, or drive away, compare,

That difference shew, or distance, Datives are;

Which chang'd to Ablative, obey the stream

Of Prepositions that do carry them.

Pride takes God from me; envy my neighbor; anger me from my self.

Thou comparest an Eagle to an Owl.

Conceal'd vertue differs little from sloth.

PAssives a Dative of the Agent take,

Or Ablatives, which Prepositions make.

Let the last day be expected alwayes by every man.

[Page 112]

SUm, with his Compounds, datives may admit,

Possum the only Verb forbidden it.

A short houshold-stuff is to me; Est serves to any person in the Dative, and may in Latine express the verb Habeo, Est mihi, I have, Est tibi, thou hast, Est illi, he hath, Est nobis argentum, we have money, so deest, mihi, tibi, illi, nobis, I, thou, he, we have not, or want, desunt nobis Libri, we want books.I have a short houshold stuff.

Luxury wants many things, covetousness all.

There be some Verbs, whose

Some verbs in the same signification have also the Accusative, as allatro. Some may have a Dative, or vary their case into the Accusative, by ad, Confert sanitati, vel ad sanitatem, it conduceth to health.

Preposition

Prae, ad, sub, ante, inter, post, with Con,

Ob, in, and super have immediate sway

O're Datives, and compel them to obey.

God cometh between our thoughts.

Vices creep upon us, under the name of vertues.

THis Sum, and many other verbs we see,

Have of two

When Verbs have after them a Nominative, and a Dative, the Nominative may be also turned into the Dative, as Rex pius est ornamentum respublica, vel ornamente.

Datives a Capacity.

Chaff is even a burden to a long journey.

He is counted a mockery to all.

Verbs which govern an Accusative.

VErbs

Verbs neuters belonging to sense, have the cases of actives. Verbs transitives are, whose signification seemeth to pass from the Verb into the noun.

Transitives the fourth case rule of that,

Which answereth to the question [whom] or [what]

Even the Fly hath a spleen.

To wrest the Club from Hercules.

He smels of a Goat.

SOme

In transitive, or absolute neuters, whose action remaineth in the verbs.

the fourth case, or Ablative admit

Of their own English sense, or kin to it.

He sings the same song.

He died a suddain death.

[Page 115]

TO Verbs that ask, or teach, old custom gives

A double chain to binde

The second Accusative may be varied by prepositions per, juxta, secuudum, in, circa, ad. Verbs of asking vary their last Accusative, into the Ablative, with a preposition. To these verbs may be added induo, celo,

Accusatives,

Want hath taught many men Temperance.

Ask God pardon, or pardon from God.

Verbs which Govern an Ablative.

THe manner, cause, and instruments we place

Next the signs [by] or [with] in the sixth Case.

The Dog will return to his vomit after his old maner.

Pleasure begets dislike by continuance.

The generous horse is guided by the shadow of a Rod.

IN Ablatives we put the word of

These Genitives are used adverbially, So much, how much, thus much, much, more, lesse, very much, little, least, a lock of Wool, a Nut, Nothing, a Hair, a Peny, a Parthing.

price,

So the affected

The Member, or part is sometimes put in the Genitive, as discrucior animi, I am vext in minde, for anime.

part, where passion lies.

That which is not needful, is dear of a peny.

He is lame of both feet.

AN Ablative put

Here is alwayes a participle expressed, or understood, When there are two substantives, a preposition▪ may be understood, as Sub fortuna duce, which may be varied, first, by a Participle fortuna ducente, secondly, by Conjunctions, Dum, cum, si, quando, postquam, ubi, as dejecta arbore, i.e. ubi arbor dejiceretur, or quando deiecta erit arbor, When the Tree is cast, &c. dum fortuna comitetur.

absolute, is that

On which a participle still doth wait,

With the sign [being] it depends on none,

But is made plain by some Conjunction.

The Tree being thrown down, they gather sticks.

Fortune being my guide, i. e. while, or so long as fortune is my guide.

[Page 116]

POtior,

Potior is [...]ead with a Genitive, as potiri acrum, to enjoy things, where may be understood imperio.

fruor, utor, fungor give

Their entertainment to an Ablative.

Use the world, Obey God.

Infinitives.

INfinitives

The impersonal, (est] for licet fieri potest vel fas est, it is lawful, it may be, may cause the Infinitive Mood after, as cernere erat, i. e. licebat, one might see.

we cleerly apprehend,

Do upon nouns, and former verbs depend.

It is expedient to be old only in Sparta.

Gerunds.

GErunds

Gerunds when they govern cases, may elegantly be made Adjectives, and put into the cases of the Substantives, as Raetio scribenda epistola, for scribendi epistolam.

in [di] like Genitives do stand,

When Substantives or Adjectives Command.

Nature hath given us here an Inn to rest.

The way of writing Letters.

Sent to Athens to be instructed.

GErunds in [do] like Ablatives are known

By Prepositions, or else plac'd alone.

He is ready at telling money.

Memory is increased by practise.

GErunds in

When a necessity is exprest by [must] or [ought] in English, it may be made in Latine by the Gerund in [dum,] with the Verb [Est,] and the Nominative turned into the Dative, as serandum est nobis, we must sowe, yet some will not have this a Gerund, but the Participle in [dus.] These may be varied by debco, or oportet, as debemus serere, oportet nos serere.

[dum] such cases imitate,

Which ad, ob, propter, inter, ante, wait.

Be not overhasty to speak fables.

Hard to be understood.

At a Feast let men be consonants, the women vowels, and the maids mutes.

[Page 119]

Supines.

FIrst Supines active are, and Verbs do trace,

That signifie some moving to a place.

Why dost thou go to loose thy self?

It is a folly to bring unwilling dogs to hunt.

LAst Supine we from passive verbs derive,

Which still is Govern'd by a Genitive.

Meat easie to be digested.

Of Time.

THe

Sometimes these cases are varied by prepositions, in, de, per, ad, ante, &c. ad multam nostem, late at night, in diem, for a day, in horas, every houre, de die in diem, from day to day, in posterum, hereafter. Iam multos annos est, It is now many years ago, understand [ante.]

term of time, that doth to [when] reply,

In the Ablative is used properly.

The moments of things are turned in a point of time.

The day after those things were done.

THe space of time that to [how long] doth make

An answer, the accusative may take.

No man is so old, but he thinks he may live a yeer.

Of Place.

VVHen [in] or [at a place] is meant, the name,

If proper, in the

So are used numi on the ground, militia belli, at War. The names of great places are sometimes used with prepositions, but appeliatives alwayes.

Genitive we frame.

But if it plurall be, and you decline it,

After the third, to Ablative confine it.

Archytas made at Tarentum, a flying Dove of wood

The Oracles cease at Delphos.

He creeps upon the ground too safe.

[Page 120]

PLaces [to which] in the fourth case delight,

[From] or [by]

Unlesse [by] be made by [per] in Latine.

which, the Ablatives invite.

He carries Owls to Athens.

Strait to Oxford.

He departed from Cambridge.

He is gone by Rome.

DOmus

The Genitive Domi, will agree with no other adjectives but mea, tua, sua, nostra, vestra, aliena, for if you use other Adjectives, you must use another case, as vescor domo ampla, I feed in a large house, not ampla domi.

and Rus in the same equipage,

like proper names their several case ingage.

Things are narrow at home— in the Countrey.

Go home — to the Countrey.

Returned from home — from the Countrey.

Adverbs.

The first or fourth next En, and Ecce place,

But the fourth only, where they mean disgrace.

Behold the man.

See the impudence.

ADverbs which place, time, quantity respect,

Instar and ergo genitives affect.

Faith is certain in no place.

As it were, or instead of all.

For his sake.

[Page 123]

Conjuctions.

COnjunctions

Aut, ac, at (que), at, aest, vel, nec, ne (que), si, nisi, sen, sive, begin a sentence. Quidem, quo (que), autem, vero, enim, are construed first, but place second. Ergo, igitur, ita (que), equidem, are placed first, or second.

that in nature signifie

To joyn, and others that disjunctive be,

With four, quam, nisi, praeterquam, and an,

Tie Cases, Moods, and Tenses, with their chain.

I had rather finde good men, then make them.

Prepositions.

TWice sixteen Prepositions stand prepar'd

In front of the Accusatives a guard.

At the Greek Calends, i.e. never.

Before the eyes.

TWelve Prepositions like a Jury, give

Their verdict only for the Ablative.

He is Officers are elegantly exprest in Latine by the preposition [a] with the Verb [est] and a Dative of the possessor or master, as Est Regi a consiliis, a Counsellor to the King, or one of his counsel, a pedibus a foot man. Cup-bearer to the King.

According to my strength.

Face to face. Up to the Hilt.

FIve Prepositions equally imbrace

Am, di, dis, re, se, con, are only read in composition.

The Ablative, and the accusing case.

In the open air, or without covert.

We incline to that which is forbidden.

[Page 124]

SOme Prepositions their own cases meet

While they compound, and some themselves repeat.

He sings between the Acts.

Come to the fire.

Interjections.

VOcatives follow Interjections, when

They have pretence to speak to things, or men.

Well done faithful servant.

Hark good Sir.

But breaking forth in exclamation, they

Make the first, fourth, and the fift case obey.

Ah me wretched!
Oh holy day!

BƲt Hei and vae like twins of grief embrace,

Concluding sorrow with a Dative case.

Alas for me!
We to thee!

FINIS.

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Via ad latinam linguam complanata The way made plain to the latine tongue : the rules composed in English and Latine verse, for the greater delight and benefit of learners / by Jam. Shirley ...

Author: Shirley, James, 1596-1666.1649

Eight parts of speech.

Nouns are Substantive, or Adjective.

Numbers, two.

Nomina­tive. Genitive. Dative. Accusative. Vocative. Ablative.Cases, six.

Gender is the diffe­rence of sex by nature: but by insti­tution and Art, words may be of the male, or female gen. & yet have no relation to sex.Genders, three.

Declensions five.

Examples of the first Declension.

Examples of the second Declension

Examples of the third Declension.

Examples of the fourth.

Examples of the fifth.

A Noun Adjective of one termination is declined after the third Declension.

An Adjective of tvvo terminations.When the Adj. hath 2 endings in one case, the first is Mas. & Fem. as Tristis: and the second Neut. as Trists,

When the Adj. hath 3 divers end­ings, the first is Mas. as bonus, the second fem. as bona, the third neuter as bonum, &c.An Adjective of three terminations.

unus, one.

alter, another, or either.

duo, two.

ambo, both.

Three degrees of Comparison.

An Adjective of the Comparative degree.

Comparisons defective. These want the Positive.

These want the Comparative.

These want the Superlative.

Adverbs and Prepositions compared.

Adjectives irregular.

Pronouns, nineteen.Some are demonstra­tives, as Ego tu, sui. Some pos­sessive, as meus, tuus, suus, &c. Relat. qui. Interrogat. as cujas, cu­jus, quis.

he. she. that.

they. those.Sing. Accu. Ellum be­hold him, illam her. Plural. Acc. Ellos, ellas [...] But ipse is declined ip­se, ipsa, ipsū, in the rest like ille.

this.

these.

Nom. idem, the same, eadem, idem. Gen. ejus­dem, &c. Sing. Acc. eccum, be­hold him, eccam, her. Plur. Acc. eccos, them, eccas.he, she, that.

their.

which.

who. what.

Persons, three.

Moods, four.

Gerunds, three. Supines, tvvo.

Tenses, five.

Conjugations, four.

Indicative Mood Active of the first Conjugation.

Present tense.

Preterimperfect tense.

Preterperfect tense.

Prterpluperfect tense.

Future tense.

Imperative Mood.

Present tense.

Subjunctive Mood, ut that, si if.

Present tense.

Preterimperfect tense.

Preterperfect tense.

Preterpluperfect tense.

Future tense.

Infinitive Mood.

Gerunds.

First Supine.

Participles.

The first Conjugation Passive.

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.

Preterimperfect tense

Future tense.

Imperative Mood.

Present tense.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.

Preterimperfect tense.

Infinite Mood.

Last Supine.

Participles.

The second Conjugation Active.Inidicative Mood.

Present tense.

Preterimperfect tense.

Preterperfect tense.

Preterpluperfect tense.

Future tense.

Imperative Mood.

Subjunctive Mood.

Nominative. Genitive. Dative. Accusative. Vocative. Ablative.Cases, six.

Gender is the difference of sex by nature: but by institution and Art, words may be of the male, or female gen. & yet have no relation to sex.Genders, three.

When the Adj. hath 3 divers endings, the first is Mas. as bonus, the second fem. as bona, the third neuter as bonum, &c.An Adjective of three terminations.

Pronouns, nineteen.Some are demonstratives, as Ego tu, sui. Some possessive, as meus, tuus, suus, &c. Relat. qui. Interrogat. as cujas, cujus, quis.

they. those.Sing. Accu. Ellum behold him, illam her. Plural. Acc. Ellos, ellas [...] But ipse is declined ipse, ipsa, ipsū, in the rest like ille.

Nom. idem, the same, eadem, idem. Gen. ejusdem, &c. Sing. Acc. eccum, behold him, eccam, her. Plur. Acc. eccos, them, eccas.he, she, that.

The second Conjugation Active.
Inidicative Mood.

The third Conjugation Active.
Indicative Mood.

The fourth Conjugation Active.
Indicative Mood.