GRAMMATICA Anglo-Latina. AN English and Latine GRAMMAR.

The RULES composed in English and Latine Verse: For the greater Delight and Benefit of the LEARNERS,

By James Shirley.

Avia Piëridum peragro loca.

Lucret.

LONDON, Printed for Richard Lowndes, at the Signe of the Unicorn on Ludgate-hill. 1651.

[...]

TO The Right Honourable, WILLIAM Lord HERBERT.

My Lord,

THis Book, which took first life from your Acceptance, having since received strength and or­nament from your influence, most hum­bly returneth to kisse your hand, and present the constant devotion of your Honourer.

It hath met no unhappy entertain­ment abroad, though some, swaid by their implicite faith, think all to be Heresie that retains not the old letter; like those Ilanders, who are so much in love with Antiquity, and the tract of their Predecessors, that they hold it impiety to sweep a Roome, that hath [Page] contracted the dust of foure Generati­ons in their Family. Others, for want of leisure to peruse, or judgement to examine, will not heare of the leas [...] change, though it bring with it a nearer path to profit or knowledge.

I am not so bold to call This a new way to Learning, since the Fundamentalls are no other then consist with the integrity of the best Grammars. B [...] where I could facilitate the Method [...] Rules, and in a hundred miles travel gain two parts of the way, I though I might do an acceptable service [...] young Scholars, whose memories have been so long in persecution; for the Nouns and Verbs made perfect, upon which we raise the safest Structure there are not so many lines to be committed to Memory, as are contained [...] those Latine Rules of Verbs, prescribed in the Ordinary Grammar.

But here some may object,

[Page]—Brevis esse laboro,
Obscurus fio—

Too frequent a consequence of Com­ [...]endiaries; It will not become the mo­desty I have hitherto retained; to mag­nifie my own, but I submit to the expe­rience of cleer and candid judgments, that small beame may be a conduct brough the whole edifice, though it [...]ould be guided by a common Disci­pline.

Next to the publike benefit, my [...]oughts are ambitious, that these may obtain your Lordships second [...]ile upon them, which will be an in­couragement to me, to improve the next Edition, with the accesse of that [...]oeticall Part, which concerneth Ver­ [...]s and their Composition.

Pardon, I beseech your Lordship, [...]is boldnesse of renewing my addres­ [...]s to your Honour, whilest I prophesie [...]om your early Dawne, the advance­ment [Page] of your Name to after ages, and in this, acknowledge it my happinesse, if under the shade of your Morning, I may live, and write my self

My Lord,
Your most humble, and faithfull Servant, James Shirley

THE RUDIMENTS.
Preface.

Letters 22. in Latine.
  • A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. X. Y. Z.
    Capitall.
  • a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. u. x. y. z.
    Small.
  • Letters are
    • Vowells, or
    • Consonants.

A Vowell is a letter,Latine Vowells five. which maketh a perfect sound of it self, a. e. i. o. u. and y. Greek.

Of Vowells put together are made Dipthongues,
  • ae as musae.
    ae and oe are pro­nounced like e.
  • oe as coelum.
  • au as audio.
  • ei as hei.
  • eu as euge.

A Consonant maketh a sound by the help of a Vowell, and they are,Conso­nants.

[Page] Mutes. Mutes, so called, because they make no sound of themselves, as b, c, d, f, g, h, p, q, t.

Liquids. Liquids, because they melt and lose their force, as l, m, n, r, s.

Double. Double, because they have the force of two Conso­nants,

as, z, x.

[z] As it were compounded of d and s.

[x] Of c and s, as ducs, or Dux ducis, or of g and s, as gregs, or grex gregis.

j. v.To the Consonants may be added j and v when they are set before themselves, or other Vowels, in the same Syllable, as Juno, Vultus, where j sounds like a melting G, and V like a dry F.

J [J] Between two Vowels hath the nature of a dou­ble Consonant, as in major, pejor, contracted from majior, pejior, &c.

U. [U] Are never used at the end of a word in La­tine.

h. [h] By some is rather held a note of asptration, or rough breathing, then any perfect letter; in Latine words h is put after c, and soundeth like k English, as charus.

c. [c] Before e or i, soundeth like an s, as in cedo, ci­tò, before other Vowels like the English k, as cado, colo, cuprum.

[Page]After [q] is always written u, as in qui, quondam, &c.q

Every proper name, the beginning of a sentence, and every verse is to begin with a Capitall.

When great or Capitall letters be placed alone, or but few, they signifie either names or number.

Names, as
  • A. Aulus,
  • C. Caius,
  • D. Decius,
  • L. Lucius,
  • M. Marcus,
  • P. Publius,
  • Q. Qutrites,
  • S. Senatus,
  • T. Titus.
  • C. M. Caesarea Majestas,
  • D. D. Dono dedit,
  • H S. Sestertius,
  • P. C. Patres conscripti,
  • R. P. Respublica,
  • S. C. Senatus consultum,
  • Cos. Consul,
  • S. P. D. Salutem plurimam dicit,
  • S. P. Q. R. Senatus populús (que) Romanus.
Number, as
  • I. one, unus,
  • IV. four, quatuor,
  • V. five, quinque,
  • IX. nine, novem,
  • X. ten, decem,
  • XL. forty, quadraginta,
  • L. fifty, quinquaginta,
  • LX. threescore, sexaginta,
  • XC. fourscore, octoginta,
  • C. a hundred, centum,
  • D. five hūdred, quingenti,
  • M.M. a thousād, mille.

Of Letters are made Syllables.

A Syllable is the comprehension of one Conso­nant, or more, with a Vowell pronounc'd with one breath; as, a-ve.

O-ti-um.

The Syllable [ti] when a Vowell immediately followeth, is pronounced like [si.]

Except,

  • 1. The word Tiara.
  • 2. When [s] cometh just before it, as justior.
  • For mitti.
    3. The Paragogicall Infinitive Mood, as mittier.
  • 4. In borrowed words, as politia.

Rules and Notes concerning division and di­stinction of Syllables.

1. A Consonant in words of many Syllables be­tween two Vowells, is joyned to the later; as

  • Do-mi-nus,
  • Dominus.

2. If a Consonant be doubled, the former be­longeth to the precedent Vowell, and the other to the following; as

  • an-nus,
  • er-ror.

3. Consonants which may be joyned in the begin­ning of a word, are not to be separated in the middle,St. Sc. Ps. Pr. &c. otherwise they are to be divided.

  • stu-prum,
  • tur-pis.

[Page 11]But in words compounded, the Cosonants go with their part; as in

  • ob-est,
  • dis-cors.

According to these Rules, if any word, at the end of a line, for want of room, or conveniency, must be divided, let it be done with this mark called Hyphen, - as,Hyphen.

  • —ux-orius, &c.

Somtimes a note or mark is set upon the end of a word, to difference it from another,Accentus gravis, ` that is written like it; as in multò the Adverb, to distinguish it from multo the Adjective; this is called a Grave, A grave accent. ` or sharp accent.

Somtimes another mark is used when the Syl­lable is to be pronounced long,Accentus acutus, ´ by reason of encly­ticall Conjunctions, que, ne, ve, or other encly­ticall words, sis nam, &c. this note is used at the end of a word,acute ac­cent. ´ and is called an Acute ac­cent; as,

  • itáne
  • adésdum.

Somtimes a note consisting of both these called a Circumflex, is placed over a Vowel,Circum­flexus, ^ to shew that it is long by nature, as amavêrunt, a circum­flex. or the contra­ction of two Vowells, as quîs for queis.

Somtimes two points are set over one Vowel be­fore another for difference, as aër, Diaeresis. ¨ being a word of two syllables, and this called a note of Diaeresis.

[Page]A note which sheweth a Vowell cut off at the end of a word, and marked thus, [’] is called Apo­strophus.

vidistin’, for vidistíne.

A Parenthesis is when a word or more (not of es­sence to the speech) are shut up in two semicircles. ( )

A note of Interrogation, or Question is marked thus, [?]

A note of exclamation, admiration, or sorrow, is marked thus, [!]

A note of a long quantitie, ¯

The note of a short quantitie, ˘

Comma is a note of pausing, or breathing, when we read, marked thus, [,]

A Semicolon is a note of longer pause, or stay, thus marked, [;]

A Colon doth note some perfect sense expres­sed, but yet somthing more to be expected, marked thus, [:]

A Period, or full point, declareth a finall per­fect sense, and concludeth with this mark, [.]

EIght Parts, two Numbers, Cases six, to these
Three Genders, five Declensions, three Degrees.
Pronouns nineteen, four kind of Verbs, and they
Three Persons through both Numbers do convey:
Four Conjugations perfect Verbs receive,
On which four Moods attend, and Tenses five.
From race of Verbs four Participles flow;
Three Gerunds we admit, and Supines two.
These things well laid, three Concords raise at la [...]
A structure, and the toile of Grammar's past.

An English and Latine GRAMMAR.

Grammar is the Art of spea­king rightly.

  • The Parts are,
    • Etymologie, and
    • Syntax.

ETymologie is that part of Grammar which teacheth [...] the Proprieties of severall words, especially in the [...]fference of Terminations; and considereth all [...]arts of speech.

Eight parts of speech.

EIght only Parts the wise Grammarians teach,
Because in them we comprehend all speech.
  • To all these parts belong Species which is form, and Figura fi­gure.
  • Noun, decli­ned.
  • Pronoun, decli­ned.
  • Verb, decli­ned.
  • Participle, decli­ned.
  • Adverb, unde­clined.
  • Conjunction, unde­clined.
  • Preposition, unde­clined.
  • Interjection, unde­clined.

Form is when a word is either originall, and called Primitive, [...]s Scio to know; or come from another, and called Deriva­ [...]ve, as Scientia knowledge, deriv'd from Scio. Figure is when [...] word is either simple, as justus just, or compounded, as in­ [...]ustus unjust, compounded of in and justus.

Two kinds of Nouns, Substantive or Adjective.

Nouns Proper are all Proper Names, and are referred to one, as Thamisis the Thames: Common are used to all of the same kind, Fluvius a river.
NOuns Substantives the names of things declare,
But Adjectives, what kind of things they are.
The Substantives are known by [a] or [the;]
The Adjectives alone imperfect be.

A House, Domus; an ancient House, antiqua D [...] mus.

Numbers Two.

Some Nouns in the Singu­lar may signify many, as Populus people, Grex a flock; these are called Collectives, and yet these are the Singular number, as being considered o [...] People, one Flock.
ONe is the Number Singular, but all
Above, we must the Plurall number call.

Homo a man; Homines men.

1 Nomi­native. 2 Geni­tive. 3 Dative. 4 Accusa­tive. 5 Voca­tive. 6 Abla­tive.Cases six.

THe Nominative before the Verb doth goe;
[Of] shews the Genitive; the Dative [to.]
The Accusative after the Verb is plac'd,
The Fift calls, Prepositions rule the last.

Genders three.

MAle, Female, Neuter, perfect Genders be:
All others are compounded of these three.

A Noun of the male or Masculine Gender,Gender is the diffe­rence of sex by na­ture, as they are male, or female; But by in­stitution and Art words may be of the male, or female [...]ender, and yet have no relation to sex, as Lapis a stone is m. Musa a song, is f. g. as Vir [...] man.

A Noun of the female or Feminine Gender, as Mulier a woman.

A Noun of the Neuter Gender, as Saxum a stone.

A Noun of the Common Gender, is male, and fe­male, and belongeth to both sexes, as Parens a fa­ther or mother.

A Noun of the Doubtfull Gender, is commonly Masculine or Feminine, as Dies a day; sometimes Masculine and Neuter, as Vulgus common people; and sometimes Feminine and Neuter, as Halec a [...]erring.

Declensions five.

HIs true Declension every Noun will give
From Termination of the Genitive.
1.2.3.4.5.
In ae.in i.in is.in us.in ei.
As musae.viri.crinis.manus.rei.

Musa is a Noun Substantive of the first Declensi­on, and Feminine Gender.

First Declension.

Singulariter.
  • Filia, and Nata a Daughter make the Dative, and Abla­tive Plu­rall in is or in abus. Dea a goddesse, Mula a mule, Equa a ma [...] Liberta a freed woman, in abus only.
    Nom. mus a.
  • Gen. mus ae.
  • Dat. mus ae.
  • Acc. mus am.
  • Voc. mus a.
  • Abl. mus â.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. mus ae.
  • Gen. mus arum.
  • Dat. mus is.
  • Acc. mus as.
  • Voc. mus ae.
  • Abl. mus is.
Singulariter.
  • Nom. Grammatica.
  • Gen. Grammaticae.
  • Dat. Grammaticae.
  • Acc. Grammaticam.
  • Voc. Grammatica.
  • Abl. Grammaticâ.
vel
  • Grammatice.
  • Grammatices.
  • Grammatice.
  • Grammatione.
  • Grammatice.
  • Grammatice.
Singulariter.
  • N. Thomas.
  • G. Thomae.
  • D. Thomae.
  • A. Thomam.
  • V. Thoma.
  • A. Thoma.
  • N. Anchises.
  • G. Anchisae.
  • D. Anchisae.
  • A. Anchisam, vel Anchisen
  • V. Anchisa.
  • A. Anchisa.

Second Declension.

Vir is a Noun Substantive of the second Declension, and Masculine Gender.

Singulariter.
  • Nom. Vir.
  • Gen. Vir i.
  • Dat. Vir o.
  • Acc. Vir um.
  • Voc. Vir.
  • Abl. Vir o.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Vir i.
  • Gen. Vir orum.
  • Dat. Vir is.
  • Acc. Vir os.
  • Voc. Vir i.
  • Abl. Vir is.
THe Nominative and Vocative agree,
But when the second changeth [us] to [e.]
Except Agnus a Lamb, Lucus a grove, Chorus a quire, Fluvius a river, [...]opulus a people, Vulgus common people, which make their Vocatives in us sometimes.
Singulariter.
  • Nom. Dominus.
  • Gen. Domini.
  • Dat. Domino.
  • Acc. Dominum.
  • Voc. Domin e.
  • Abl. Domino.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Domini
  • Gen. Dominorum.
  • Dat. Dominis.
  • Acc. Dominos.
  • Voc. Domini.
  • Abl. Dominis.
[...]
  • Nom. Deus.
  • Gen. Dei.
  • Dat. Deo.
  • Acc. Deum.
  • Voc. De us.
  • Abl. Deo.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Dii.
    Deus God. m.g.
  • Gen. Deorum.
  • Dat. Diis.
  • Acc. Deos.
  • Voc. Dii.
  • Abl. Diis.
[...]Rom proper names in [ius] if you take
The finall [us] their Vocatives you make.
[...]
  • Nom. Cornelius.
  • Gen. Cornelii.
  • Dat. Cornelio.
  • Acc. Cornelium.
  • Voc. Corneli.
  • Abl. Cornelio.
Singulariter.
  • Nom. Filius.
  • Gen. Filii.
    F son.
  • Dat. Filio.
  • Acc. Filium.
  • Voc. Fil i.
  • Abl. Filio.
[...]Ll Nouns which do the Neuter Gender claime,
Nom. Accus. Voc.
In the First, Fourth, and Fift Case are the same;
[...] you decline them in the plurall, they
[...]thout exception do all end in [a.]
Singulariter.
  • [Page 6]
    Speculum a looking glasse. n.g.
    Nom. Specul um.
  • Gen. speculi.
  • Dat. speculo.
  • Acc. specul um.
  • Voc. specl um.
  • Abl. speculo.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Specul a.
  • Gen. speculorum.
  • Dat. speculis.
  • Acc. specul a.
  • Voc. specul a.
  • Abl. speculis.
Singulariter.
  • Nom. Orpheus.
  • Gen. Orphei vel Orpheos.
  • Dat. Orpheo vel Orphei.
  • Acc. Orpheum, vel Orphea.
  • Voc. Orpheu.
  • Abl. Orpheo.

Third Declension.

Crinis Haire is a Noun Substantive of the third Declension and Masculine Gender.

Singulariter.
  • Some Nouns of the third, make their Ac­cusative in im, as vim, ravim, tussim, sitim, Charybdim & amussim, and these make their Ablative in i. So do all the names of months in is and er. Septembri, Aprili; to which adde pugili, and strigili. Neuters in [...] al, and ar, (except Gausape, praesepe, and proper names, as Pr [...] neste, &c. and far, hepar, jubar, nectar, make the Ablative in [...] Ignis, unguis, suppellex, anguis, vectis, rus, make the Ablative in e and i.
    Nom. Crinis
  • Gen. crin is.
  • Dat. crin i.
  • Acc. crin em.
  • Voc. crinis
  • Abl. crin e.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Crin es.
  • Gen. crin ium.
  • Dat. crin ibus.
  • Acc. crin es.
  • Voc. crin es.
  • Abl. crin ibus.
Singulariter.
  • [Page 7]Nom. Calcar.
  • Gen. calcâris.
  • Dat. calcari.
  • Acc. calcar.
  • Voc. calcar.
  • Abl. calcari.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Calcaria.
  • Gen. calcarium.
    Some Nouns make both em and im in Accusative, as febris, pelvis, buris, torquis, puppis, & securis. Turris, aqualis, navis, restis, bipennis, clavis; and these have e and i in the Ablative. Nouns which have the nature of Adjectives, as sodalis, annalis, rivalis, canalis, natalis, contubernalis, popu­laris, familiaris, iriremis, affini [...], aedilis, most commonly have i in the Ablative. Nouns whose Ablative is in i only, or e and i, and Nouns not encreasing in is and es, make īum in the Ge­nitive Plurall, except canis, [...]avis, vates, juvenis, volucris, opes, [...]pis, which make Canum, &c. When the Nominative singular [...]nds with two Consonants, their Genitive Plurall is in ïum, as urbs, urbium, &c. except hyemum, principum, forcipum, ino­pum, caelibum, aucupum, municipum, Arabum, Cyclopum.
  • Dat. calcaribus.
  • Acc. calcaria.
  • Voc. calcaria.
  • Abl. calcaribus.
[...]
  • Nom. Poema.
  • Gen. poematis.
  • Dat. poemati.
  • Acc. poema.
  • Vocc. poema.
  • Abl. poemate.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Poemata.
  • Gen. poematum.
    Neuters in ma make their Ge­nitive Plu­rall by [...]um, their Dative and Ablatives in is most usually, Neuters those Ablative ends in e, make the Nominative Plurall in a, [...]blatives in i make the Nominative Plurall in ïa.
  • Dat. poematis vel Poemati­bus.
  • Acc. poemata.
  • Voc. poemata.
  • Abl. poematis vel Poemati­bus.
[...]
  • Nom. Virtus.
  • Gen. virtutis.
  • Dat. virtuti.
  • Acc. virtutem.
  • Voc. virtus.
  • Abl. virtute.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Virtutes.
    Virtus vertue, Sermo ōnis speech Honor ōris honor.
  • Gen. virtutum.
  • Dat. virtutibus.
  • Acc. virtutes.
  • Voc. virtutes.
  • Abl. virtutibus.
Singulariter.
  • [Page 8]Nom. Aetas.
  • Gen. Aetatis.
  • Dat. Aetati.
  • Acc. Aetatem.
  • Voc. Aetas.
  • Abl. Aetate.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Aetates.
  • Gen. Aetatum.
  • Dat. Aetatibus.
  • Acc. Aetates.
  • Voc. Aetates.
  • Abl. Aetatibus.
Singulariter.
  • Silex īcis a flint. Onus ēris a burden. Crimen īnis a fault. Lapis a stone.
    Nom. Lapis.
  • Gen. Lapidis.
  • Dat. Lapidi.
  • Acc. Lapidem.
  • Voc. Lapi [...].
  • Abl. Lapide.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Lapides
  • Gen. Lapidum.
  • Dat. Lapidibus.
  • Acc. Lapides.
  • Voc. Lapides.
  • Abl. Lapidibus.
Singulariter.
  • Pixis a box.
    Nom. Pixis
  • Gen. Pixidis vel dos.
  • Dat. Pixidi
  • Acc. Pixidem vel da.
  • Voc. Pixis.
  • Abl. Pixide.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Pixides.
  • Gen. Pixidum.
  • Dat. Pixidibus.
  • Acc. Pixides vel da [...]
  • Voc. Pixides.
  • Abl. Pixidibus.

Fourth Declension.

Manus a Hand is a Noun Substantive of the fourth Declension and Feminine Gender.

Singulariter.
  • Motus mo­tion. Gradus a degree.
    Nom. Man us.
  • Gen. Man ûs.
  • Dat. Man ui.
  • Acc. Man um.
  • Voc. Man us.
  • Abl. Man u.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Man us.
  • Gen. Man uum.
  • Dat. Man ibus.
  • Acc. Man us.
  • Voc. Mqan us.
  • Abl. Man ibus.
Singulariter.
  • [Page 9]Nom. arcus.
  • Gen. arcus.
  • Dat. arcui.
  • Acc. arcum.
  • Voc. arcus.
  • Abl. arcu.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. arcus.
  • Gen. arcuum.
    Lacus a lake, Specus a den, Tribus a stock, Partus a birth, Portus a haven, Artus limbs, Acus a needle, Quer­tus an oake, Ficus a fig, and Veru in the Plurall Dative and Ab­lative, ubus.
  • Dat. arc ubus.
  • Acc. arcus.
  • Voc. arcus.
  • Abl. arc ubus.
Singulariter.
  • Nom. genu.
  • Gen. genu.
  • Dat. genu.
  • Acc. genu.
  • Voc. genu.
  • Abl. genu.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. genua.
  • Gen. genuum.
  • Dat. genibus.
  • Acc. genua.
  • Voc. genua.
  • Abl. genibus.

Fifth Declension.

Res is a Noun Substantive of the Fifth Declen­ [...]on and Masculine Gender.

[...]
  • Nom. R es.
  • Gen. R ei.
  • Dat. R ei.
  • Acc. R em.
  • Voc. R es.
  • Abl. R e.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. R es.
    Nouns of the third fourth and fifth De­clension have the Nomina­tive, Accusative and Vocative like in the Plurall; the Dative and Ablative Plurall are alike in the severall Declensions.
  • Gen. R erum.
  • Dat. R ebus.
  • Acc. R es.
  • Voc. R es.
  • Abl. R ebus.
Singulariter.
  • [Page 10]
    The anci­cents did make the Genitive of this De­clension in ii, es, and e. Pernicii causa Cic. munera laetitiamque dii, die, dei, and the Dative hath been anciently in e.
    Nom. Di es.
  • Gen. di eï.
  • Dat. di eï.
  • Acc. di em
  • Voc. di es.
  • Abl. di e.
Pluraliser.
  • Nom. Di es.
  • Gen. di erum
  • Dat. di ebus.
  • Acc. di es.
  • Voc. di es.
  • Abl. di ebus.

The Termination of Cases in every Declension.

1.2.3.4.5.
N.aus, r um us ues
G.aeiisuseï
D.aoiuïeï
A.amumem, imumem
V.musavircrinismanusres
A.âoe, iue

Pluraliter.
1.2.3.4.5.
aeiesuses
arumerumum, iumiiumerū
isisibusbusebus
asosesuses
aeiesuses
isisibusbusebus

Vetus old, ingens great, amans loving. When an Adjective hath but one en­ding in any Case, that word is of all Genders, as in felix, fe­licis, felici, &c.Felix [happy] is a Noun Adjective of one Ter­mination, and third Declension.

Singulariter.
  • Nom. Felix.
  • Gen. felicis.
  • Dat. felici.
  • Acc. felicem.
  • Voc. felix.
  • Abl. felice, vel felici.
Plurliter.
  • Nom. Felices, felicia.
  • Gen. felicium.
  • Dat. felicibus.
  • Acc. felices, felicia.
  • Voc. felices, felicia.
  • Abl. felicibus.

Tristis [sad] is a Noun Adjective of two Ter­minations, and third Declension.

Singulariter.
  • Nom. Tristis, triste.
  • Gen. tristis.
  • Dat. tristi.
  • Acc. tristem, triste.
  • Voc. tristis, triste.
  • Abl. tristi.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Tristes, tristia.
    Suavis pleasant, humilis humble. When the Adjective hath two endings in one case, the first is Masculine and Feminine, as [...]ristis, and the second Neuter, as triste.
  • Gen. tristium.
  • Dat. tristibus.
  • Acc. tristes, tristia.
  • Voc. tristes, tristia.
  • Abl. tristibus.

Bonus [good] is a Noun Adjective of three Terminations, of the second and first Declension.

[...]
  • N. bonus, bona, bonū.
  • G. boni, bonae, boni.
  • D. bono, bonae, bono.
  • A. bonū, bonā, bonū.
  • V. bono, bona, bonū.
  • A. bono, bonâ, bono.
Pluraliter.
  • N. boni, bonae, bona.
    When the Adjective hath three divers en­dings, the first is Masculine [...]s Bonus, the second Feminine, as Bona, the third Neuter as [...]onum, &c.
  • G. bonorū, bonarū, bo­norū.
  • D. bonis.
  • A. bonos, bonas, bona.
  • V. boni, bonae, bona.
  • A. bonis.
[...]
  • unus, one.
  • N. unus, una, unum.
  • G. unius.
  • D. uni.
  • A. unum, unā, unū.
  • V. une, una, unum.
  • A. uno, unâ, uno.
Pluraliter.
  • alter, another, or either.
    So totus whole, so­lus alone, ullus any, uter whe­ther, neu­ter nei­ther. Ʋnus [...]anteth the Plurall unlesse it be joined with a word that wan­ [...]th the Singular.
  • N. alter, altera, alterum.
  • G. alterīus.
  • D. alteri.
  • A. alterū, alterā, alterū.
  • V. caret.
  • A. altero, alterâ, altero.
Singularire.
  • [Page 12]Alius another.
  • N. alius, alia, aliud.
  • G. alîus.
  • D. alii.
  • A. aliū, aliā, aliud.
  • V. caret.
  • A. alio, aliâ, alio.
Pluraliter.
  • N. alii, aliae, alia.
  • G. aliorū, aliarū, aliorū
  • D. aliis.
  • A. alios, alias, alia.
  • V. caret.
  • A. aliis.
Pluraliter.
  • Duo and ambo are sometimes used for duos and ambos.
    Duo two.
  • N. duo, duae, duo.
  • G. duorū, duarū, du­orum.
  • D. duobus, duabus, duobus.
  • A. duos, duas, duo
  • V. duo, duae, duo.
  • A. duobus, duabus, duobus.
Pluraliter.
  • Ambo both.
  • N. ambo, ambae, ambo.
  • G. amborū, ambarum, amborum.
  • D. ambobus, ambabus, ambobus.
  • A. ambos, ambas, amb [...]
  • V. ambo, ambae, ambo.
  • A. ambobus, ambabus, ambobus.
Pluraliter.
  • Tres three
  • Nom. tres, tria.
  • Gen. trium.
  • Dat. tribus.
  • Acc. tres, tria.
  • Voc. tres, trio.
  • Abl. tribus.
Pluraliter.
  • Quatuor foure.
  • Nom. quatuor.
  • Gen. quatuor.
  • Dat. quatuor.
  • Acc. quatuor.
  • Voc. quatuor.
  • Abl. quatuor.

So Celer Silvester Pedester Campester Equester Paluster Ʋolucer Celeber Saluber Alacer. Acer [sharp] is a Noun Adjective of three Terminations, of the third Declension.

Singulariter.
  • Nom. acer, acris. acre.
  • Gen. acris.
  • Dat. acri.
  • Acc. acrem, acre.
  • Voc. acer, acris, acre.
  • Abl. acri.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. acres, acria.
  • Gen. acrium.
  • Dat. acribus.
  • Acc. acres, acria.
  • Voc. acres, acria.
  • Abl. acribus.

Three degrees of Comparisons.The Posi­tives and Superla­tives are declined like Bonus. The Com­parative and Su­perlative are for­med of the first case of their Positive in [i] as from duri the Genitive of durus by adding [or] and [us] are made the Com­parative durior and Durius, and by adding s, and simus, duris­simus the Superlative.

THe Positive declares without excesse;
With the signe [more] Comparatives increase;
By [most] the bold Superlatives are known,
Beyond which there is no Comparison.

P. Durus hard.

C. Durior more hard.

S. Durissimus most hard.

An Adjective of the Comparative degree.

Singulariter.
  • N. Tristior, tristius.
  • G. tristioris.
  • D. tristiori.
  • A. tristiorem tristius.
  • V. tristior, tristius.
  • A. tristiore vel tristiori.
Pluraliter.
  • N. tristiores, tristiora
  • G. tristiorum.
    Tristior more sad. Dulcior, sweeter.
  • D. tristioribus.
  • A. tristiores, tristiora
  • V. tristiores, tristiora
  • A. tristioribus.

Comparisons irregular,

TO Adjectives in [er,] we may contrive
By adding [rimus] their Superlative.

Pulcher, faire, pulcherior more faire, pulcherrimus most faire.

IF before finall [us] a vowell be,
Compare with [magis] and with [maximè.]

Pius godly, magis pius, more godly, maximè pius, most godly.

FRom facio, dico, loquor, volo, frame
Comparisons, as if from [ens] they came.
  • Maledicus, an evil spea­ker.
    Maledi­cens. Benevolens.
  • Maledicentior.
  • Maledicentissimus.
  • Benevolus, kind.
  • Benevolentior.
  • Benevolentissimus.
  • Munifi­cens. Magnilo­quens.
    Munificus, bountifull.
  • Munificentior.
  • Munificentissimus.
  • Magniloquus, a great t [...] ker.
  • Magniloquentior.
  • Magniloquentissimus.

Comparisons defective. These want the Positive.

  • Prior, the former.
  • Ocyor, swift.
  • Deterior, worse.
  • Penitior more inward.
  • Primus, the first.
  • Ocyssimus, most swift.
  • Deterrimus, worst.
  • Penitissimus, most inwar [...]

These want the Comparative.

  • Novus, new.
  • Invitus, unwilling.
  • Inclytus, famous.
  • Diversus, different.
  • Meritus, deserving.
  • Sacer, holy.
  • Falsus, false.
  • Fidus, faithfull.
  • Nuperus, late.
  • Novissimus, newest or l [...]
  • Invitissimus, most.
  • Inclytissimus, most.
  • Diversissimus, most.
  • Meritissimus, most.
  • Sacerrimus, most.
  • Falsissimus, most.
  • Fidissimus, most.
  • Nuperrimus, most.

These want the Superlative.

  • [...]exter, lucky.
  • [...]nister, unlucky.
  • [...]mus, fat.
  • [...]veni, young.
  • [...]nex, old.
  • [...]clivis, steep.
  • [...]nginquus, far.
  • [...]lutaris, healthfull.
  • [...]pinus, careles.
  • Dexterior, more.
  • Sinisterior, more.
  • Opinior, more.
  • Junior, the younger.
  • Senior, the elder.
  • Declivior, more.
  • Longinquior, more.
  • Salutarior, more.
  • Supinior, more.

Some Adverbs, and Praepositions Compared.

  • [...]pe, often.
  • [...]ius, more often.
  • [...]issime, most often.
  • Diu, long.
  • diutius, longer.
  • diutissimè, most long.
  • [...]ra, above.
  • [...]erior, more above.
  • [...]upremus the highest.
  • Ultra, beyond.
    Vel sum­mus.
  • ulterior, more.
  • ultimus, the last.
  • [...]ra, on this side.
  • [...]rior, more.
  • [...]mus, most.
  • Prope, neer.
  • propior, more.
  • Thene [...] Proximio
    proximus, neerest.
[...]us, good.melior, better.optimus, best.
[...]lus, evill.pejor, worse.pessimus, worst.
[...]gnus, great.major, greater.maximus, grea.
[...]vus, little.minor, lesse.minimus, least.
[...]uam wicked.nequior.nequissimus.
[...]es, rich.ditior.ditissimus.
[...]terus, outwardexterior.extremus, furthest
[...]erus, below.inferior.infimus.
[Page 16] Superus, above.superior.supremus.
Posterus, late.posterior.postremus.
Facilis, easie.facilior.facillimus.
Gracilis, small.gracilior.gracillimus.
Humilis, humble.humilior.humillimus.
Multi in the Plu­rall many.
Similis, like.		similior.simillimus.
Agilis, nimble.agilior.agillimus.
Multus, much.plus, more.plurimus.

A Type of the degrees regular.

 Sing.Plu.
N.
  • durus
  • dura
  • urum
  • durior
  • durius
  • durissimus
  • durissima
  • durissimum
  • duri
  • durae
  • dura
  • duriores
  • duriora
  • durissimi
  • durissima
  • durissim [...]
G.
  • ri
  • [...] ae
  • dur
durioris
  • durissimi
  • durissimae
  • durissimi
  • durorū
  • durarū
  • durorū
duriorū
  • durissim [...]
  • durissim [...]
  • durissim [...]
D.
  • ro
  • durae
  • duro
duriori
  • durissimo
  • durissimae
  • durissimo
durisdurioribusdurissim [...]
A.
  • durum
  • duram
  • durum
  • duriorem
  • durius
  • durissimum
  • durissimam
  • durissimum
  • duros
  • duras
  • dura
  • duriores
  • duriora
  • durissim [...]
  • durissim [...]
  • durissim [...]
V.
  • dure
  • dura
  • durum
  • durior
  • durius
  • durissime
  • durissima
  • durissimum
  • duri
  • durae
  • dura
  • duriores
  • duriora
  • durissimi
  • durissim [...]
  • durissim [...]
A.
  • duro
  • dura
  • duro
  • duriore vel
  • duriori
  • durissimo
  • durissima
  • durissimo
durisdurioribusdurissim [...]

Pronouns nineteen.

[...]Ronouns are words,
Some are called De­monstra­tives, as Ego, tu, sui. Some Pos­sessives, as meus, tuus [...]s, noster, vester. Relative qui. Interrogatives, as cujas, cujus, quis.
that do supply the place
Of Nouns, and have their Gender, Number Case.

[...]o, tu, sui, ille, ipse, is,

[...]c, iste, meus, tuus, suus, quis,

[...]ui, noster, vester, nostras, vestras, some

[...] Cujas adde cujus, cuja, cujum.

Ego is a Pronoune of the first person.

[...]
  • Nom. Ego I.
  • Gen. mei of me.
  • Dat. mihi.
  • Acc. me.
  • Voc. caret.
  • Abl. me.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Nos we.
  • Gen. nostrum vel nostri us.
    Egomet, &c.
  • Dat. nobis.
  • Acc. nos.
  • Voc. caret.
  • Abl. nobis.

[...]u is a Pronoun of the second person, and spea­ [...]n to one.

[...]
  • N. Tu, you or thou.
  • Gen. tui of thee.
  • Dat. tibi.
  • Acc. te.
  • Voc. tu.
  • Abl. te.
Pluraliter.
  • Nom. Vos ye.
    Tuimet, &c. Every Vocative case is of the second person.
  • Gen. vestrum vel vestri.
  • Dat. vobis.
  • Acc. vos.
  • Voc. vos.
  • Abl. vobis.

[Page 18] Ille is a Pronoun of the third person.

Singulariter.
  • All other Pronouns, and also Nouns are of the third Per­son, unles they be joined to ego, or tu.
    He, she, that.
  • Nom. Ille, illa, illud.
  • G. illius of him or her.
  • Dat. illi.
  • Acc. illum, illam, illud.
  • Voc. caret.
  • Abl. illo, illa, illo.
Pluraliter.
  • They, thos [...]
  • Nom. Illi, illae, i [...]
  • G. illorū, illarū, il [...] rum of them.
  • D. illis to them.
  • Acc. illos, illas, ill [...]
  • Voc. caret.
  • Abl. illis.
Singulariter
  • Ipse he. Ellum.
    Nom. Ipse, ipsa, ipsum.
  • Gen. ipsius.
  • Dat. ipsi, &c.
Singulariter.
  • Acc. Ellum, ellam, ellum
Pluraliter.
  • Acc. ellos, ellas.
Sui is a Pronoun reciprocal, that is it relateth to the per­son or thing that went last before. So Suus.
Singulariter. and Pluraliter.
  • Nom. caret.
  • Gen. sui of him or themselves.
  • Dat. sibi.
  • Acc. se.
  • Voc. caret.
  • Abl. se.
Singulariter.
  • This.
  • Nomina­tive Istic, istaec, istoc. Accusa­tive istunc, istanc, istoc. Ablative istoc. Accusative Plurall isthaec. So Illic. Nominative Hicc [...] haeccine, hoccine. Accusative hunccine, hanccine, hoccine. Ab [...] hoccine, haccine, hoccine. Accusative Plurall haeccine.
    Nom. Hic, haec, hoc.
  • Gen. hujus.
  • Dat. huic.
  • Acc. hunc, hanc, hoc.
  • Voc. caret.
  • Abl. hoc, hac, hoc.
Pluraliter.
  • These.
  • Nom. Hi, hae, hae [...]
  • G. horum, harū, ho [...]
  • D. his.
  • Acc. hos, has, haec.
  • Voc. caret.
  • Abl. his.
[...]
  • [Page 19]He, she, that.
  • Nom. is, ea, id.
  • Gen. ejus, his, hers.
  • Dat. ei.
  • Acc. eum, eam, id.
  • Voc. caret.
  • Abl. eo, eâ, eo.
Pluraliter.
  • These.
  • Nom. ii, eae, ea.
    The same, Nomina­tive Idem eadem, i­dem. Ge­nitive e­jusdem, &c. [...]ehold him, or her, Accusative Eccum, eccam. Accusative Plura­ [...]ter eccos, eccas.
  • G. eorum, earū, eorum their.
  • D. iis, vel eis.
  • Acc. eos, eas, ea.
  • Voc. caret.
  • Abl. iis vel eis.
[...]
  • Which.
  • N. Qui, quae, quod.
  • G. cujus whose.
  • D. cui.
  • A. quem, quā, quod. whom.
  • V. caret.
  • A. quo, quâ, quo, vel quî.
Pluraliter.
  • N. Qui, quae, quae.
    So, quili­bet every one, quivis any one, quicunque whoso ever, qui­dam a cer­taine.
  • G. quorum, quarum, quorum.
  • D. quibus, vel queis.
  • A quos, quas, quae.
  • V. caret.
  • A. quibus, vel queis.
[...]
  • Who, what.
  • N. quis, quae, quid
  • G. cujus, whose.
  • D. cui.
  • A. quē, quā, quid.
  • V. caret.
  • A. quo, quâ, quo.
Pluraliter.
  • N. qui, quae, quae.
    So, Ecquis who, but the other com­pounds make qua, quid, as si­ [...]s if any, siqua, siquid; aliquis, aliqua, aliquid, vel aliquod. Quis­ [...]m any, quisnam who, quisquam any one, quisque every one, [...] declined like quis.
  • G. quorū, quarū, quorū.
  • D. quibus.
  • A. quos, quas, quae.
  • V. caret.
  • A. quibus.
Singulariter.
  • [Page 20]Whosoever, whatsoever.
  • N. Quisquis, quicquid.
  • G. cujuscujus.
  • D. cuicui.
  • A. quemquē, quicquid.
  • V. caret.
  • A. quequo.
Pluraliter.
  • N. Quiqui.
  • G. quorumquorum.
  • D. quibusquibus.
  • A. quosquos.
  • V. caret.
  • A. quibusquibus.

Meus my, tuus thine, suus his or their, noster our vester your, cujus whose, are declined like bonus except that meus in the vocative is mi, mea, meum.

Nostras our countreyman, or one of our side, v [...] stras your, &c. and cujas whose, &c. are decline like felix.

Of Verbs Personall, four kinds; Active Passive, Neuter, Deponent.

Verbs are called Personall, because they are declined with three persons in both numbers.
VErbes have their Mood, and Tense, and signify,
Either to do, to suffer, or to be.

Amare to love, amari to be loved, esse to be.

Except sum and his com­pounds. Actives may take r, to be made Passive Personals, Verbs Neuter cannot; some Neuters signifie Passively, and are called Neuter Passives, as vapulo I am whipt.
THe Active Verb doth signify to doe
So many the Neuter, both must end in [o.]

Amo I love. Curro I run.

IN [or] both Passive and Deponent run;
To doe deponent, Passive to be done.

Amor I am loved. Loquor I doe speake.

Persons three.

WIth Verbs three Persons in both numbers may
Joine and agree, I, Thou, He, We, Ye, They.
Singul.
  • Ego amo I love.
  • tu amas thou lovest,
  • ille amat he loveth.
Plural.
  • nos amamus we love
  • vos amatis ye love.
  • illi amant they love

Moods four.

[...]Ndicatives doe aske or plainly shew
Without a sign, a reason false or true.

Amat he loveth, amas tu dost thou love?

[...]Mperatives we cleerly understand
Receive both name, and nature from command.
Impera­tives want the first persons.

Ama love thou, monete vos doe yee advise.

MAy, might, would, should, make the Subjunctive known,
Sometimes an Adverb or Conjunction.

Si faciam if I doe, ut videam that I may see, or let me see.

[...]Nfinitives which [to] before them use
Number and Person in their Mood refuse.

Amare to love, possum facere I can doe, or I am able to doe.

Gerunds three, Supines two.

IN di, do, dum, the Gerunds chime, and close:
[um] the first Supine [u] the latter shews.

Amandi of loving, amando in loving, amandum to love.

Monitum to advise, monitu to be advised.

Tenses five.

Active signs, Doe. Did. Have. Had. Shall or will.
FIve Tenses which their signs discover still,
I doe, I did, I have, had, shall or will.

Present tense amo I doe love.

Preter-Imperfect amabam I did love.

Preter-Perfect amavi I have loved.

Preter-Pluperfect amaveram I had loved.

Future tense amabo I shall or will love

But if these signs come not before Verbs, they are Verbs of themselves, as

  • I doe facio, I did faciebam or feci, &c.
  • I have habeo, I had habui.
  • I will volo, I would velim, vellem, &c.
  • I will not nolo, nolim; I would not nollem.
  • I can possum, I could potui, &c. I might possem.
  • I ought debeo, debui, deberem, &c.

Passive signs, P. Am, art, is, are. I. Was, were, wert P. Have been. Pl. Had been. F. Shall or will be.So likewise the signs Passive.

Am, art, is, are, was, were, wert, Have been, Had been, Shall or will be.

I am sum, sim. I was eram, essem. I have been fui.

I had been fueram, fuissem. I shall or will be ero, fuero.

Conjugations foure.

THe first hath [a] long before [re] and [ris,]

  • as amāre
  • amaris.

[...]e] long the second Conjugation is,

  • as monērê
  • moneris.

[...]e] short is of the third a perfect signe,

  • as legēre
  • legēris.

[...]ut with [i] long [io] the fourth decline.

  • as audīre
  • audiris.

Verbs in O, of the foure Con­jugations, are declined after these examples.

AMo, amas, amavi, amāre, amandi, do, dum, amatum, amatu, amans, amaturus, to love.

[...]oneo, mones, monui, monēre, monendi, do, dum, mo­nitum, monitu, monens, moniturus, to advise.

[...]ego, legis, legi, legēre, legendi, do, dum, lectum, lectu, legens, lecturus, to reade.

[...]udio, audis, audivi, audíre, audiendi, do, dum, au­um, auditu, audiens, auditurus, to heare.

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.
Singulari.
  • I doe, thou dost, he doth.
  • Am o, as, at.
  • Mon eo, es, et.
  • Leg o, is, it.
  • Aud io, is, it.
Plural.
  • We doe, ye doe, they doe.
  • amus, atis, ant.
  • emus, etis, ent.
  • īmus, ītis, unt.
  • īmus, ītis, iunt.
Preterimperfect tense
Singular.
  • I did, thou didst, he did.
  • Am abam, abas, abat.
  • Mon ebam, ebas, ebat.
  • Leg ebam, ebas, ebat.
  • Aud iebam, iebas, iebat.
Plural.
  • We did, ye did, they did.
  • abamus, abatis, abant.
  • ebamus, ebatis, ebant.
  • iebamus, iebatis, iebant.
Preterperfect tense.
Singular.
  • I have, thou hast, he hath. We have, ye have, they have.
  • Amav i, isti, it. Plu. īmus, istis, êrunt vel êre.
  • Monu i, isti, it. Plu. īmus, istis, êrunt vel êre.
  • Leg i, isti, it. Plu. īmus, istis, êrunt vel êre.
  • Audiv i, isti, it. Plu. īmus, istis, êrunt vel êre.
Preterpluperfect tense.
Singular.
  • I had, thou hadst, he had. We had, ye had, they had.
  • Amave ram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
  • Monue ram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
  • Lege ram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
  • Audive. ram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
Future tense.
Singular.
  • I will, thou wilt, he will. We, ye, they.
  • Am abo bis, bit. Plu. bimus. bitis, bunt.
  • Mon ebo bis, bit. Plu. bimus. bitis, bunt.
  • Leg am es, et. Plu. emus, etis, ent.
  • Aud iam es, et. Plu. emus, etis, ent.

The second person of this tense is used for the Imperative.

Imperative Mood.

Present tense.
Singular.
Love thou,let him
Am a, ātotuatoille
Mon e, ētoeto
Leg e, ītoito
Aud i, ītoito

Plural.
love ye,let them.
ate, atotevosantoilli
ete, etoteento
īie, itoteunto
īte, itoteiunto

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.
Singular.
  • [...] may, thou mayst, he may. We, ye, they.
  • Am em, es, et. Plu. emus, etis, ent.
  • Mon eam as, at. Plu. amus, atis, ant.
  • Leg am as, at. Plu. amus, atis, ant.
  • Aud iam as, at. Plu. amus, atis, ant.

This tense supplies the first persons of the Imperative Mood, [...]nd may be generally used for it, with the Conjunction ut, [...]s ut videam let me see, cures have you a care, fiat let it bee [...]one, faciamus let us make, sitis be ye, valeant let them goe▪ [...]ere may be understood, velim, jubeo, fac, ut, &c.

Preterimperfect tense.
[...]
  • [...] would or should.
  • Am arem res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.
  • Mon ērem res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.
  • Leg ērem res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.
  • Aud irem res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.
Preterperfect tense.
[...]
  • [...] have.
  • Amave rim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
  • Monue rim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
  • Lege rim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
  • Audive rim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
Preterpluperfect tense.
Singular.
  • I had.
  • Amavis sem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.
  • Monuis sem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.
  • Legis sem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.
  • Audivis sem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.
Future tense.
Singular.
  • I shall.
  • Amave ro, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.
  • Monue ro, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.
  • Lege ro, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.
  • Audive ro, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.

This tense is also used Imperatively.

Infinitive Mood.

Present tense and Imperfect tense.
Amāretolove.
Monēreadvise
Legērereade.
Audireheare.
Preterperfect and Preterpluperfect tense.
Amavisseto have or hadloved.
Monuadvised.
Legread.
Audioheard.
Future tense.
Amaturum esse vel foretolovehereafter.
Monituadvise
Lectureade
Audituheare

Although the Infinitives in rum, and tum, were anciently used, when they answered without altering their termination, to every number and gender, as Credo inimicos meos dicturum, I beleeve that my enemies will say, yet they are not now in [Page 27] [...]se with the best Authors, who supply this tense, by the Par­ticiples in rus, and tus, alterable in gender and number (of which Infinitive verbs are not capable,) as when we would say, [...] promise that I will satisfy, instead of saying promitto quod ego [...]tisfaciam, (by plaine concord) we say elegantly promitto me [...]tisfacturum, and so in the plurall, nos vos aut illos satisfactu­ [...]s esse pollicemur, we promise that we, ye, or they shall satisfie; [...]ae dixerunt se empturas, the women said they would buy; and [...] in the neuter, by altering the gender, and number, to agree with the Substantive.

Gerunds.

Of lovingin lovingto love.
[...]hese Ge­runds are [...]dom [...]ed in the [...]ssive English.
Am andi		andoandum
Mon endiendoendum
Leg endiendoendum
Aud iendiiendoiendum.

Supines.

[...]atum.toloveamatu.to beloved:
[...]nitadviseMoniadvised.
[...]treadeLectread.
[...]ditheareAuditheard.

Participles.

Present tenseFuture tense.
[...]anslovingamaturusto, or about tolove.
[...]nensadvisingmonitadvise.
[...]readinglectureade.
[...]dienshearingauditheare.

[Page 28] Sum, es, fui, esse, futurus to be.

So are the com­pounds of Sum de­clined, but prosum, where a vowell follows pro, takes [d] as prodes, prodest. Adsum make ades in the Imperative Mood.Indicative Mood.

Present tense.
Singu.
  • Sum I am.
  • E [...] thou art.
  • Est he is.
Plural.
  • Sumus we are.
  • Estis ye are.
  • Sunt they are.
Imperfect tense.
Singu.
  • Eram I was.
  • Eras thou wert.
  • Erat he was.
Plural.
  • Eramus we were.
  • Eratis ye were.
  • Erant they were.
Preterperfect tense.
Singu.
  • Fui, I have been.
  • Fuisti thou hast been.
  • Fuit he hath been.
Plural.
  • Fuimus we have been.
  • Fuistis ye have been.
  • fuêrunt vel fuêre they have been
Preterpluperfect tense.
Singu.
  • Fueram I had been.
  • Fueras thou hadst been.
  • Fuerat he had been.
Plural.
  • Fueramus we had been.
  • Fueratis ye had been.
  • Fuerant they had been.
Future tense.
Singu.
  • Ero I shall or will be.
  • Eris thou shalt or wilt be.
  • Erit he shall or will be.
Plural.
  • Erimus we shall.
  • Eritis ye shall.
  • Erunt they shall or wi [...] be

Imperative Mood.

Present tense.
Sin.
  • Esto tu be thou.
  • Esto ille let him be.
Plu.
  • Estote vos be ye.
  • Sunto illi let them be.

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.
[...]
  • Sim I may be.
  • Sis thou maist be.
  • Sit he may be.
Plural.
  • Simus we may be.
  • Sitis ye may be.
  • Sint they may be.
Imperfect tense.
[...]
  • Essem I was, would or should be.
  • Esses thou wert.
  • Esset he was.
Plural.
  • Essemus we were.
  • Essetis ye were.
  • Essent they.
Preterperfect tense.
[...]
  • Fuerim I have been.
  • Fueris thou hast.
  • Fuerit he hath.
Plural.
  • Fuerimus we have been.
  • Fueritis ye have been.
  • Fuerint they have been.
Preterpluperfect tense.
[...]
  • Fuissem I had been.
  • Fuisses thou hadst.
  • Fuisset he had.
Plural.
  • Fuissemus we had.
  • Fuissetis ye had.
  • Fuissent they had.
Future tense.
[...]
  • Fuero I shall or will be.
  • Fueris thou shalt.
  • Fuerit he shall.
Plural.
  • Fuerîmus we shall.
  • Fuerîtis ye shall.
  • Fuerint they shall.

Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterimperfect tense esse to be.

Perfect and Preterpluperfect Fuisse to have or had been.

Future tense Fore vel futurm esse to be hereafter.

Participle Future.

Futurus to be, or, about, or ready to be.

Verbs Passive of the foure Conjugations.

AMor, amāris vel amāre, [Amatus sum vel fui] Amari, amandus, to be loved.

Moneor, monēris vel monēre, [Monitus sum vel fui] Moneri, monendus, to be advised.

Legor, lēgeris vel lēgere, [lectus sum vel fui] legi legendus, to be read.

Audier, audīris vel audīre, [auditus sum vel fui] audri, audiendus, to be heard.

Indicative Mood.

Present tense.
Singular.
  • I am, thou art, he is.
  • Am or, āris vel āre, ātur.
  • Mon eor, ēris vel ēre, ētur.
  • Leg or, ēris vel ēre, ītur.
  • Aud ior, iris vel ire, itur.
Plural.
  • We are, ye are, they are.
  • āmur, amini, antur.
  • ēmur, emini, entur.
  • īmur, imini, untur.
  • īmur, imini, iuntur.
Preterimperfect tense.
Singulariter.Pluraliter.
I was, thou wert, he was.We were.
Am abar, abaris vel abare, abatur.bamur, bamini, bantur.
  • Mon
  • Leg
ebar, ebaris vel ebare, ebatur		bamur, bamini, bantur.
Aud iebar, iebaris vel iebare, iebaturiebamur, bamini, bantur.

Verbs in [or] have properly no Preterperfect tenses no Preterpluperfect tenses, nor Future tense in the Subjunctive Mood, but these are supplied by the Nominative cases of the Participles of the Preter tense, (which have their several genders) and the tenses of the verb Sum; as when you would say I have been loved, it is circumlocuted by sum or fui I have been, and amatus loved.

Preterperfect tense supplied.
  • [...] have been, thou hast been, he hath been▪
  • [...]matus Singu. sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit. Plura. ti, sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuêre.
  • [...]onitus Singu. sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit. Plura. ti, sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuêre.
  • [...]ectus Singu. sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit. Plura. ti, sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuêre.
  • [...]uditus Singu. sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit. Plura. ti, sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuêre.
Preterpluperfect tense.
  • had been, thou hadst been, he had been.
  • [...]matus Singu. eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat. Plura. ti, eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.
  • [...]onitus Singu. eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat. Plura. ti, eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.
  • [...]ectus Singu. eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat. Plura. ti, eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.
  • [...]uditus Singu. eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat. Plura. ti, eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.
Future tense.
  • shall or will be.
  • Am abor bēris, vel bēre, bītur. Plu. bīmur, bimini, buntur
  • Mon ebor bēris, vel bēre, bītur. Plu. bīmur, bimini, buntur
  • Leg ar ēris vel ēre, ētur. Plu. ēmur, emini, entur.
  • Aud iar ēris vel ēre, ētur. Plu. ēmur, emini, entur.

Imperative Mood.

Present tense.
[...]ngulariter.Pluraliter.
[...] thou.       
[...] āre, ātortuātorilleaminivosantorilli
[...]n ēre, ētoretoreminientor
[...] ēre, ītoritoriminiuntor
[...]d īre, ītoritoriminiiuntor

Subjunctive Mood.

Present tense.
Singular.
  • I may be.
  • Am er, ēris vel ēre, ētur. Plu. ēmur, emini, entur.
  • Mon ear āris vel āre, ātur. Plu. āmur, amini, antur.
  • Leg ar āris vel āre, ātur. Plu. āmur, amini, antur.
  • Aud iar āris vel āre, ātur. Plu. āmur, amini, antur.
Preterimperfect tense.
Singular.
  • I was, would, or should be.
  • Am arer reris vel rere, retur. Plu. remur, remini, rentur.
  • Mon ērer reris vel rere, retur. Plu. remur, remini, rentur.
  • Leg ērer reris vel rere, retur. Plu. remur, remini, rentur.
  • Aud irer reris vel rere, retur. Plu. remur, remini, rentur.
Preterperfect tense supplied.
  • I have been.
  • Amatus Sing. sim vel fuerim, fis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.
  • Monitus Sing. sim vel fuerim, fis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.
  • Lectus Sing. sim vel fuerim, fis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.
  • Auditus Sing. sim vel fuerim, fis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.
Preterpluperfect tense supplied.
  • I had been.
  • Amatus Sing. essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset. Plu. ti, essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent ve [...] fuisse [...]
  • Monitus Sing. essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset. Plu. ti, essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent ve [...] fuisse [...]
  • Lectus Sing. essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset. Plu. ti, essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent ve [...] fuisse [...]
  • Auditus Sing. essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset. Plu. ti, essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent ve [...] fuisse [...]
Future tense supplied.
  • I shall or will be.
  • Amatus Sing. ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, erimus vel fuerîmus, eriti vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fueri [...]
  • Monitus Sing. ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, erimus vel fuerîmus, eriti vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fueri [...]
  • Lectus Sing. ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, erimus vel fuerîmus, eriti vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fueri [...]
  • Auditus Sing. ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit. Plu. ti, erimus vel fuerîmus, eriti vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fueri [...]

Infinitive Mood.

Present tense and Preterimperfect tense.
Am arito beloved.
Mon eriadvised.
Leg iread.
Aud iriheard.

The Preterperfect, and Preterpluperfect tense is supplied by the Accusative cases of the Participle of the Preter tense, before the verbe Infinitive esse or fuisse.

Perfect and Pluperfect tense supplied.
Amatumesse vel fuisseto have or had beenloved.
Monitumadvised.
Lectumread.
Auditumheard.

The Future tense is supplied by the Participle of the Preter tense before the Infinitive Passive iri, and this tense is resol­ved by the Accusative of the Participle in dus, amandum, [...]m, um, esse. Plu. amandos, as, a.

Future tense supplied.
Amatumirito belovedhereafter.
Monitumadvised
[...]ectumread
[...]uditumheard.
Participles.
[...]reter tense.Future tense.
[...]matusloved.Amandusto beloved.
Monitusadvised.Monendusadvised.
[...]ectusread.Legendusread.
[...]uditusheard.Audiendusheard.

Deponents are declined with the Gerunds, and Active Participles, first Supine.

Partici­ples of the Preter tense in Verbs de­ponents have Active and Passive signification, because the [...] Verbs were anciently held common. Their participles in d [...] alwaies signifie passively. In Verbs deponents we may fant [...] a regular Active, to form the Perfect tense, as declining Hort [...] hortas, hortavi, &c. and from Hortatu to form Hortatus by adding s.HOrtor, hortaris vel hortare, Hortatus sum ve [...] fui, Hortari, Hortandi, do, dum, Hortatum Hortans, Hortaturus, Hortandus to exhort.

Formation of Tenses.

THe Present and Preterperfect tense are the t [...] principall tenses, from which the rest are forme [...]

Presens cum prole.The Preterimperfect tense is formed of the Present tense.

  • Indic.
    Amabam of amo, by changing O into abam.
  • Monebam of moneo by changing O into ebam.
  • Legebam of lego by changing O into ebam.
  • Audiebam of audio by changing O into ebam.

The Future tense is formed of the Present tense

  • Amabo of Amo by changing O into abo.
  • Monebo of Moneo by changing O into ebo.
  • Legam of Lego by changing O into am.
  • Audiam of Audio by changing O into am.

[Page 35] [...]mper.The Imperative Mood is formed of the second person of the present tense, in three Conjugations.

  • Ama from Amas by taking away s.
  • Mone from Mones by taking away s.
  • Audi from Audis by taking away s.
  • Lege from legis by changing is into e.

[...]bj.The Subjunctive Present tense is formed of the Indicative Present tense.

  • Amem of Amo, by changing O into em.
  • Moneam of Moneo by changing O into am.
  • Legam of Lego by changing O into am.
  • Audiam of Audio by changing O into am.

The Subjunctive Imperfect tense is formed of the Imperative Mood.

  • Amarem of Ama by putting to rem.
  • Monerem of Mone by putting to rem.
  • Legerem of Lege by putting to rem.
  • Audirem of Audi by putting to rem.

Infinitive Present and Imperfect tense is for­med of the Subjunctive Imperfect tense.

  • Amare from Amarem by taking away m.
  • Monere from Monerem by taking away m.
  • Legere from Legerem by taking away m.
  • Audire from Audirem by taking away m.

From the Preterperfect tense of the Indicative Mood in every Conjugation active are formed the other tenses; [...]fectum [...] prole. as from Amavi, by changing i into eram, erim, issem, ero, isse, are made,

Pluperfect. Indic.Amaveram.
Perfect. Subj.Amaverim.
Pluperf.Amavissem.
FutureAmavero.
Inf. Per. & Plu.Amavisse.

Passives formed.

  • Indic.
    Amor from Amo by adding [r.]
  • Amabar from Amabam by changing [m] to [ [...]]
  • Amabor from Amabo by taking [r.]
  • Imper.
    Amare from Ama by adding re.
  • Subj.
    Amer from Amem by changing [m] into [ [...]]
  • Amarer from Amarem by changing [m] into [ [...]]
  • Infinit.
    1 Amari from Amare by changing e into [...]
  • 2 Moneri from Monere by changing e into [...]
  • 4 Audiri from Audire by changing e into [...]
  • 3 Legi from legere by changing ere into i.

Anomalies.

Eo, to goe.

Queo I can, Ne­queo I can­not, are declined like Eo, but that they want the Impe­rative Mood, Gerunds, and present Participle.Eo, is, ivi, ire, eundi, do, dum, itum, iens, itum

Indicative Mood.
Present tense.
Singu.
  • Eo I goe.
  • Is thou goest.
  • It he goeth.
Plura.
  • Imus we goe.
  • Itis ye goe.
  • eunt they goe.
Preterimperfect tense.
Singu.
  • Ibam I did goe, or went.
  • Ibas thou didst.
  • Ibat he did.
Plura.
  • Ibamus we did.
  • Ibatis ye did.
  • Ibant they did.
Preterperfect tense.
Singu.
  • Ivi I have gone, or went.
  • Ivisti thou hast.
  • Ivit he hath.
Plura.
  • Ivimus we have.
  • Ivistis ye have.
  • Ivêrunt vel ivêre o [...] ha [...]
Preterpluperfect tense.
[...]
  • Iveram I had gone.
  • Iveras thou hadst.
  • Iverat he had.
Plura.
  • Iveramus we had.
  • Iveratis ye had.
  • Iverant they had gone.
Future tense.
[...]
  • Ibo I shall, or will go.
  • Ibis thou shalt, or wilt.
  • Ibit he shall, or will.
Plura.
  • Ibimus we shall, or will.
  • Ibitis ye shall, or will.
  • Ibunt they shall, or wil
Imperative Mood.
[...]
  • I, vel ito tu goe you.
  • Ito ille let him goe.
Plu.
  • Ite vel Itote vos goe you.
  • Eunto illi let them goe.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present tense.
[...]
  • Eam I goe, or may goe.
  • Eas thou goest.
  • Eat he goeth.
Plura.
  • Eamus we goe.
  • Eatis ye goe.
  • Eant they goe.
Preterimperfect tense.
[...]
  • Irem I did, would or should goe.
  • Ires thou didst.
  • Iret he did.
Plura.
  • Iremus we did.
  • Iretis ye did.
  • Irent they did.
Preterperfect tense.
[...]
  • Iverim I have gone.
  • Iveris thou hast.
  • Iverit he hath.
Plura.
  • Iverimus we have.
  • Iveritis ye have.
  • Iverint they have.
Preterpluperfect tense
[...]
  • Ivissem I had gone.
  • Ivisses thou hadst gone.
  • Ivisset he had.
Plura.
  • Ivissemus we had.
  • Ivissetis ye had.
  • Ivissent they had.
Future tense.
[...]
  • Ivero I shal, or will.
  • Iveris thou shalt.
  • Iverit he shall.
Plura.
  • Iverimus we shall.
  • Iveritis ye shall.
  • Iverint they shall.
Infinitive Mood.

Present and Preterimperfect tense, Ire to goe.

Perfect and Pluperfect tense, Ivisse to have had gone.

Future tense, Iturum esse to goe hereafter.

Gerunds.

Eundi of going, Eundo in going, Eundum to goe.

Supine. Itum to goe.

The Ge­nitive is euntis, and so in the Compounds.Participles.
  • Present, Iens going.
  • Future, Iturus to goe.

Of Potis and sum. POssum, potes, potui, posse, to may or can, or be able.

Volo, vis, volui, velle, volendi, do, dum, Supi [...] caret, volens, to will, or to be willing.

Ex non & Volo. Nolo, nonvis, nolui, nolle, nolendi, do, dum, Supi [...] caret, nolens, to will not, or to be unwilling.

Ex magis & Volo. Malo, mavis, malui, malle, malendi, do, dum, Supi [...] caret, malens, to had rather, to wish rather, or pre [...].

Fero bor­rows a Preter­perfect tense from an old Verb Tulo, and may be of the third Conjugation, admitting the Figure Syncope, in some tenses; Fers, fert, fertis, ferto, ferte, ferrem, ferre, for feris, ferit, fer [...] ferito, ferite, fererem ferere, and so in the Passive. Fio is a N [...] ter Passive, and borrows the Preterperfect tense supplie [...] Factus sum vel fui, the last Supine Factu, and the Participle [...] dus, Faciendus, from the old Passive Facior, of Facio. Fero, fers, tuli, ferre, ferendi, do, dum, latum, l [...] Ferens, laturus, to beare, to bring, or report.

Fio, fis, [factus sum vel fui,] fieri, factu, faciend [...] to be made or done.

Indicative Mood.
Present tense.
Singu.
  • Possum I can, or may.
  • Potes you may, or thou canst.
  • Potest he may.
Plura.
  • Possumus we can.
  • Potestis ye can.
  • Possunt they can.
Imperfect tense.
  • I could.
  • Sing. Poteram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
Perfect tense.
  • [...] could.
  • Sing. Potui, isti, it. Plu. Potuimus, istis, êrunt vel êre.
Pluperfect tense.
  • [...] had been able.
  • Sing. Potueram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
Future tense.
  • [...] shall be able.
  • Sing. Potero, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present tense.
  • [...] may, or can.
  • Sing. Possim, sis, sit. Plu. símus, sítis, sint.
Preterimperfect tense.
  • I could, or might.
  • Sing. Possem, ses, set. Plu. sēmus, sētis, sent.
Preterperfect tense.
  • [...] could.
  • Sing. Potuerim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
Pluperfect tense.
  • I had been able.
  • Potuissem, ses, set.
  • Potuissemus, setis, sent.
Future tense.
  • I shall be able.
  • Sing. Potuero, ris, rit.
  • Plu. rímus, rîtis, rint.
Infinitive Mood.
Present tense and Imperfect.

Sing. Posse to can or be able.

Perfect and Pluperf.

Plu. Potuisse to have or had been.

Indicative Mood.
Present tense.
Singu.
  • I will thou wilt he will.
  • Volo, vis, vult.
  • Nolo, nonvis, nonvult.
  • Malo, mavis, mavult.
Plura.
  • we will ye will they will.
  • Volums, vultis, volunt.
  • Nolumus, nonvultis, nolunt.
  • Malumus, mavultis, malunt.
Imperfect tense.
Singu.
  • I would.
  • Volebam bas, bat. Plu. bamus, batis, bant.
  • Nolebam bas, bat. Plu. bamus, batis, bant.
  • Malebam bas, bat. Plu. bamus, batis, bant.
Preterperfect tense.
Singu.
  • I would.
  • Volui isti, it. Plu. imus, istis, êrunt vel êre.
  • Nolui isti, it. Plu. imus, istis, êrunt vel êre.
  • Malui isti, it. Plu. imus, istis, êrunt vel êre.
Preterpluperfect tense.
Singu.
  • I had been willing.
  • Volueram ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
  • Nolueram ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
  • Malueram ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
Future tense.
Singu.
  • I will.
  • Volam es, et. Plu. emus, etis, ent.
  • Nolam es, et. Plu. emus, etis, ent.
  • Malam es, et. Plu. emus, etis, ent.
Imperative Mood.
  • Sing. Noli nolito doe not thou
  • Plu. nolite nolitote, do not ye.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present tense.
Singu.
  • I will.
  • Velim lis, lit. Plu. limus, litis, lint.
  • Nolim lis, lit. Plu. limus, litis, lint.
  • Malim lis, lit. Plu. limus, litis, lint.
Preterimperfect tense.
Singu.
  • I would.
  • Vellem les, let. Plu. lemus, letis, lent.
  • Nollem les, let. Plu. lemus, letis, lent.
  • Mallem les, let. Plu. lemus, letis, lent.
Preterperfect tense.
Singu.
  • [...] would.
  • Voluerim ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
  • Noluerim ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
  • Maluerim ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
Preterpluperfect tense.
Singu.
  • [...] had been willing.
  • Voluissem ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.
  • Noluissem ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.
  • Maluissem ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.
Future tense.
Singu.
  • [...] will.
  • Voluero ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
  • Noluero ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
  • Maluero ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
Infinitive Mood.
Present and Imperf.
  • Velle to will.
  • Nolle to will not.
  • Malle to have rather.
Perfect and Pluperf.
  • Voluisse to have been willing.
  • Noluisse to have been unwilling.
  • Maluisse to have been more will.
Participles.
Present tense.
  • Volens willing.
  • Nolens unwilling.
  • Malens more willing.
Indicative Mood.
Present tense.
Singu.
  • Fero I beare.
  • Fers thou bearest.
  • Fert he beareth.
Plura.
  • Ferimus we beare.
  • Fertis ye beare.
  • Ferunt they beare.
Imperfect tense.
  • I did beare.
  • Sing. Ferebam, bas, bat. Plu. bamus, batis, bant.
Preterperfect tense.
  • I have borne.
  • Sing. Tuli, listi, lit. Plu. limus, listis, lêrunt vel lêre.
Preterpluperfect tense.
  • I had.
  • Sing. Tuleram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
Future tense.
  • I will.
  • Sing. Feram, res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.
Imperative Mood.
Sin.
  • Fer, ferto, beare thou.
  • Ferto ille let him beare.
Plu.
  • Ferte, fertote vos, beare ye.
  • Ferunto illi let them beare.
Subjunctive Mood.
Present tense.
  • I may.
  • Sing. Feram, ras, rat. Plu. ramus, ratis, rant.
Imperfect tense.
  • I would.
  • Sing. Ferrem, res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.
Perfect tense.
  • I have borne.
  • Sing. Tulerim, ris, rit. Plu. rimus, ritis, rint.
Pluperfect tense.
  • I had.
  • Sing. Tulissem, ses, set. Plu. semus, setis, sent.
Future tense.
  • I will.
  • Sing. Tulero, ris, rit. Plu. rîmus, rîtis, rint.
Infinitive Mood.
Present tense and Imperfect.

Ferre to beare.

Perfect and Pluperfect.

Tulisse to have, or had borne.

Supines.
  • Latum to beare.
  • Latu to be borne.
Participles.
Pres. tense.

Ferens bearing.

Future tense.

Laturus about to beare.

Indicative Mood.
Present tense.
Singu.
  • Fio I am made.
  • Fis thou art made.
  • Fit he is made.
Plura.
  • Fimus we are made.
  • Fitis ye are made.
  • Fiunt they are made.
Imperfect tense.
  • I was made.
  • Sing. Fiebam, bas, bat.
  • Plu. Fiebamus, batis, bant.
Perfect tense supplied.
  • Sing. Factus sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit.
  • Plu. Facti sumus vel fuimus, estis vel fuistis, sunt fuêrunt vel fuerê.
Pluperfect tense supplied.
  • I had been.
  • Sing. Factus eram vel fueram, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat.
  • Plu. Facti eramus vel fueramus, eratis vel fueratis, erant vel fuerant.
Future tense.
  • I shall be.
  • Sing. Fiam, fies, et. Plu. emus, etis, ent.
Imperative Mood.
Sin.
  • Fito tu be thou made.
  • Fito ille let him be made.
Plu.
  • Fitote vos be ye made.
  • Fiūto illi let them be made
Subjunctive Mood.
Present tense.
  • I may be.
  • Sing. Fiam, as, at. Plu. amus, atis, ant.
Imperfect tense.
  • I would or should be.
  • Sing. Fierem, res, ret. Plu. remus, retis, rent.
Preterperfect tense supplied.
  • I have been.
  • Sing. Factus sim vel fuerim, sis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit.
  • Plu. Facti simus vel fuerimus, sitis vel fueritis, sint vel fuerint.
Preterpluperfect tense.
  • I had been.
  • Sing. Factus essem vel fuissem, esses vel fuisses, esset vel fuisset.
  • Pl. Facti essemus vel fuissemus, essetis vel fuissetis, essent vel fuissent.
Future tense.
  • I shall be.
  • Sing. Factus ero vel fuero, eris vel fueris, erit vel fuerit.
  • Plu. Facti erimus vel fuerîmus, eritis vel fuerîtis, erunt vel fuerint.
Infinitive Mood.
Pres. and Imperfect.

Fieri to be made.

Perf. et Pluperfect supplied.

Factum esse vel fuisse to have or had been made.

Future tense supplied.
  • Factum iri vel to be made hereafter.
  • faciendum esse to be made hereafter.
Participles.
Preter tense.

Factus made.

Future tense.

Faciendus to be made.

Imperso­nals have commonly the sign [it] before their Eng­lish.Impersonall Verbs.

IMpers'nall through all Tenses you will find,
Like a Third person singular declin'd.
Placet it pleaseth.

Indic. Placet, placebat, placuit, placuerat, placebit.

The Par­ticiple joined with the anxiliar Verb est in the Im­personall Passives is alwaies u­sed Neuter. Verbs Neuter may be Impersonal Passive, and answer to all persons by understanding an Ablative with a Preposition, as itur a me, te, illo, id est, Eo, is, it, it is gone by me, thee, him, that is, I goe, thou goest, he goeth, &c. When a deed is signified to be done by many, the Neuter Impersonall is e­legant, as curritur i.e. omnes concurrunt, they all run. Sub. Placeat, placeret, placuerit, placuisset, placuerit.

Inf. Placere, placuisse.

Passive Impersonall Itur.

Indic. Itur, ibatur, itum est vel fuit, itum erat vel fu­erat, ibitur.

Sub. Eatur, iretur, itum sit vel fuerit, itum esset vel fuisset, itum erit vel fuerit.

Inf. Iri.

Participles four.

Partici­ples are so called of taking part of a Noun, and part of a Verb. They differ not from Ad­jectives in nature, but that they signify with time, as amans loving, hath relation to the present time or tense, &c.
DEriv'd from Verbs, declin'd like Nouns are all
Those parts of speech we Participles call.
Partici­ples of the Present [...]ense are declined like Felix. If the word in [ing] have [a] or [...]he] before it, it is a Noun Substantive, as Lectio a reading.
A Participle of the Present tense
Hath [ing] in english, latine [ans] or [ens].
Partici­ples in [us] [...]re de­clin'd like [...]onus.
BY d, t, n, the Perfect tense is known,
In tus, sus, xus, all the Latines run.
  • Loved, seen, knit.
  • Amatus, visus, nexus.
TO doe the Future signifies in [rus]
And to be done the Future tense in [dus.]
  • Amaturus to love.
  • Amandus to be loved.
Participles formed.
  • The Par­ticiple of the Pre­ [...]ent tense.
    Amans from Amabam by changing [bam] into [ [...]s.]
  • Monens from Monebam by changing [bam] into [ [...]s.]
  • Legens from Legebam by changing [bam] into [ [...]s.]
  • Audiens from Audiebam by changing [bam] into [ [...]s.]
  • Amaturus from Amatu by adding [rus.]
  • Future [...]ctive.
    Moniturus from Monitu by adding [rus.]
  • Lecturus from Lectu by adding [rus.]
  • Auditurus from Auditu by adding [rus.]
  • [...]reter [...]ense Par­ticiple.
    Amatus from Amatu by adding [s.]
  • Monitus from Monitu by adding [s.]
  • Lectus from Lectu by adding [s.]
  • Auditus from Auditu by adding [s.]
  • [...]uture [...]assive.
    Amandus from Amans by changing [s] into [dus.]
  • Monendus from Monens by changing [s] into [dus.]
  • Legendus from Legens by changing [s] into [dus.]
  • Audiendus from Audiens by changing [s] into [dus.]

Adverbs.

ADverbs are parts of speech which must be joind
In construing next to Verbs to shew their mind.
A Longè
A Far of.
Abhinc
from hence.
abunde
sufficiently.
adco
so.
actutùm
presently.
adversum
against.
adhuc
as yet.
ad summùm
at the most.
aedipot
truly.
aegre
very hardly.
aeque ac
as well as.
affatim
plentifully.
age
goe to.
aliò
to another place.
alià
another way.
aliorsum
somewhere else.
aliquando
sometimes.
alias
at another time.
aliter
otherwise.
aliquà
any way.
alibi
else where.
aliquò
any whether.
aliunde
from another place.
aliquoties
at some time.
aliquanto
a little more.
alioquin
otherwise.
aliquousque
part of the way.
amabò
I prethee.
anglicè
in english.
auspicatim
luckily.
ad postremùm.
at last.
B.
BEne
WEll.
Bis
twice.
[...]ifariam
two wayes.
C.
CAsù
BY accident.
Cariùs
dearer.
[...]nties
an hundred times.
[...]elitus
from heaven.
[...]ò
quickly.
[...]anculum
privily.
[...]nsunctim
jointly.
[...]minus
near hand.
[...]as
to morrow.
[...]r
why.
[...]festim
presently.
[...]cum, circa
round about.
[...]tatim
contentiously.
D.
DEorsum
DOwnward.
deinde
after that, then.
[...]inc
from hence.
[...]ique
finally.
[...]num
at last.
[...]uper
from above.
[...]ies
ten times.
[...]ctrorsum
on the right hand.
[...]
a long time.
[...]tius
longer.
[...]ec
untill, while.
[...]dum
a while agoe.
[...]mmodo
so that.
[...]oliciter
doubly.
E.
EContrariò
ON the other side.
ecastor
verily.
ecce
behold.
eminus
a far off.
ehodum
harke.
elonginquò
a great way off.
eodem
to the same place.
et caetera
and so forth.
eò
thither.
estò
suppose it be so.
extempore
without study.
extrinsecus
within.
extemplo
immediatly.
F.
FOras
ABroad.
foris
from abroad.
funditus
utterly.
frustra
in vaine.
fortè, forsan
happily, by chance.
furtìm
by theft.
G.
GRegatim
BY flocks.
graviter
grievously.
gnaviter
diligently.
H.
HIc
HEre.
hàc
this way.
haud
not.
heri
yesterday.
hinc
from hence.
huc, hucusque
hither, hitherto.
hodie
to day.
horsum
to this point.
[Page 51] [...]ectenus
thus far.
[...]rcle
truly.
I.
[...]Am
NOw, already, a while since.
Jampridem
long since.
[...]ndiu
heretofore.
[...]mdudum
there.
[...]
thereabout.
[...]c
thither.
[...]c.
that way.
[...]c
within.
[...]rò
also.
[...]n
againe.
[...]um
in the meane time.
[...]trea, interim
yea, nay, rather.
[...]
sometime.
[...]rdum
first of all.
[...]rimis
by turnes.
[...]icem
earnestly.
[...]nsè
in the same place.
[...]em
within.
[...]es
below.
[...]rnè
from thence.
[...], illinc
from the same place.
[...]dem
from day to day.
[...]es
in the day time.
[...]diu
divers times.
[...]tidem
in like manner.
[...]em
in vaine.
[...]ssum
scotfree.
[...]ne
within.
[...]nsecus
in jeast.
L.
LAtinè
IN Latine.
latè
largely.
levorsum
on the left hand.
leviuscule
slightly.
licitò
lawfully.
licenter
over freely.
libenter
willingly.
M.
MAnè
IN the morning.
magis
more.
maximè
especially, yes.
medius fidius
ile be sworn.
memoriter
by hart.
minimè
no, least of all.
minus
lesse.
millies
a thousand times
multò, multùm
much.
modò
only, so that.
multifariam.
many manner of wa [...]
N.
NAE
TRuly.
necubi, nullibi
none here.
neutrò
on neither side.
nequo
no whither.
nequaquam
not, by no means.
neutiquam, non
not at all, not.
nequando
lest at any time.
nempe
to wit.
nec non
and.
nimis nimiùm
too much.
nimirum
indeed, that is.
novissimè
lastly, newly.
nominatim
by name.
nondum
not yet.
[Page 53] [...]vies
nine times.
[...]diustertius
tother day.
[...]squam
no where.
[...]per
of late.
[...]nquam
never.
[...]m, numquid
what.
O.
OSi
OH that.
octies
eight times.
[...]im
once upon a time.
[...]mifariam
every way.
[...]osè
at leisure.
[...]nino
wholly.
[...]iatim
from dore to dore.
[...]pidatim
from town to town.
P.
[...]Arum parumper
A Little.
[...]ssim
every where.
[...]riter
equally alike.
[...]lam
openly.
[...]culatim
by little and little.
[...]ssum
underfoot.
[...]trendie
two days hence.
[...]culisper
a little while.
[...]detentim
by steps.
[...]ne
almost.
[...]erinde ac
as well as.
[...]e [...]egre
to, or from a far country.
[...]erquam
very.
[...]enitus
deeply.
[...]erunque
for the most part.
[...]otissimum
especially.
[...]ostridie
the day after.
[...]lus minus
more or lesse.
[Page 54]plurimùm
very much.
plus satis
more than need.
porro
moreover.
posthaec
after this.
pol
indeed.
potius
rather.
prohè
very honestly.
pridem
a while since.
pridie
the day before.
prorsus
altogether.
profectò
truly.
propemodum
willingly.
praesertim
chiefely.
praestò
at hand.
procul dubiò
doubtlesse.
protinus
forthwith.
procul
far of.
prout
according to
praeterea
beside.
propterea
therefore.
priusquam
before that.
punctim
punctually.
praecipitanter
headlongly.
Q.
QUà
WHich way.
quasi
as if, as it were.
quamdiu
how long, as long as.
quampridem
how long since.
quare
wherefore.
quam òbrem
for what reason
quàm
as, then.
quamdudum
how long agoe.
quamprimum
as soon as.
quando
when.
quantùm
how much, as much as.
quaquà
which way soever.
[Page 55] [...]uandoque
sometimes.
[...]ualiter
after what manner.
[...]uater
foure times.
[...]uemadmodum
as.
[...]uin
but.
[...]uidni
why not.
[...]uò
whither.
[...]uovìs
where you will.
[...]uoquo versum
which way soever.
[...]uoties
as often as.
[...]uotannis
every yeer.
[...]uodammodo
after a sort.
[...]uousque
how far? untill.
[...]uotidie
daily.
[...]uorsum
to what purpose.
[...]uomodo
how?
[...]uinimo
nay rather.
[...]uinquies
five times.
[...]uoliescunque
as often as.
[...]uoquam
wheresoever.
R.
RArò
SEldome.
radicitus
by the root.
[...]aptim
hastily.
[...]epente
suddenly.
[...]etrorsum
backwards.
[...]ecens
fresh, new.
S.
SAt, satis
ENough, sufficiently.
satiùs
better.
[...]aepe
often.
[...]ecundò
the second time.
[...]erò
late.
[...]ensim
by degrees.
[...]exties
six times.
[Page 56]semel
once.
seorsim
aside, privatly.
seriò
in earnest.
secùs
otherwise.
semel atque iterum
once or twice.
septies
seaven times.
semper
always.
saepenumero
oftentimes.
siquà
if any way.
simul
together.
simulac
also, as.
sigillatim
one by one.
sicut
as.
sicubi
if any where.
sinistrorsum
on the left hand.
scilicet
that is to say.
solùm
only.
sodes
insooth.
susque deque
hand over head.
supernè
from above.
subinde
now and then.
spontè
voluntarily.
T.
TAm
AS, as well.
tantisper
so long.
tantùm
only.
tantundem
so much.
tandem aliquando
at length.
tanquam
as.
tantidem
just so much.
ter
three times.
totiès
so often.
U.
UBi
WHere.
ubicunque [...]bi ubi
wheresoever.
[...]bivis
where you will.
[...]esperi
in the evening.
[...]idelicet
that is.
[...]squam
any where.
[...]ndelibet
from whence you will.
[...]sque adeo
untill unto.
[...]nà
together.
[...]inam
I would to God.
[...]niversim
generally.
[...]nquam
ever, at any time.
[...]ltro
freely.
[...]nde
from whence.
[...]troquè, utrobique
on both sides.
[...]ltro citroque
to and agen.
[...]icissim
in like manner.
[...]x
scarce.
[...]iritim
man by man.
[...]icies
twenty times.

Conjunctions.

COnjunctions may be cal'd the chains of sense;
And some doe couple Cases, Moods, and Tense.

Copulative.

ATque, ac, et, que
ANd.
[...]an
or.
[...]am
then.
[...]m, tum
both, also.
[...]am, item, quoque
also.
[...]si
unlesse.
[...]ut, ve, vel, seu, sive
or either.
[...]aeterquam
except.
[...]c, neque
nor neither.

Enclyticall.

Such as are alwaies joined to the end of other words.

que
and.
ne
not.
ve.
or.
attamen, tamen
but, neverthelesse.
alioquin
otherwise.
an, anne
whether.
autem, ast, atqui, sed
but.
cùm
when.
caeterùm
but.
enimvero
truly.
etsi, etiamsi, quanquam
although.
enim, namque
for.
eatenus
so far.
insuper
over and above.
ideo, igitur, itaque
therefore.
licèt
although.
necne
whether or no.
ni
unlesse.
quòd
that, because.
quatenus
so farforth as.
quia, quippe, quoniam
because.
quandoquidem
since that.
saltem
at least.
siquidem
if so be.
tunc
then.
tum
then.
utrum
whether.
ut
as, that.
ut cunque
howsoever.

Prepositions.

Some Pre­positions are often put after their cases by Anastrophe, cum, versus, penes, temes.
ALL Prepositions have their naturall place
Before, and must be construed with their case.

These governe the Accusative.

AD
TO, at, neer.
ante
before
apud
at, according to which.
aversus, adversùm
against.
Cis
on this side.
citra
without.
circum, circa
about.
circiter
about, neer.
Extra
without.
ergà
toward.
Intrà
within.
infra
beneath.
inter
between.
juxta
neer, according to
in
into, upon, against, for, until.
Ob
by reason of, for.
Per
by or through.
ponè
behind.
penes
in the power of.
praeter
beside.
propter
for.
prope
nigh.
post
after.
Supra
above.
sub
before, about.
super
beyond, above.
secundùm
after, next to.
[Page 60]secus
by.
trans
over, beyond.
versus
towards.
usque
untill, to.
ultra
beyond.

These governe the Ablative.

A, Ab, abs
FRom, after, since.
absque
without.
coram
before, in presence of.
cum
with.
de, e, ex
concerning, of, from.
in
among, in.
pro
for, instead of.
prae
above, by reason of.
sine
without.
sub
under, in, at.
super
of, upon, touching.
tenus
up to, even to.

These governe Accusative and Ablative.

Clam
privatly.
Subter
under.

Interjections.

IMperfect voices Interjections are,
Which suddain passions of the mind declare.
A Page
Hence, begon.
at at
ha.
ab abime
alas, ah me!
au
peace, hist.
cheu, lui
alas.
euge, eja
well done.
[Page 61]eho, heus
hark.
ehem, hem
here. hum!
evax, ïo
heida.
oh, ohe, proh
oh, alas.
malùm
with a mischief.
vah, hui, phy
pish, fie.
vae
alack, woe to.

Concords Three.

1.

Whatso­ever an­swers to the que­stion who or what is the Nomi­native Case to the Verb, the Substantive to the Adjective, and Antecedent to the Re­lative; and if be not one casuall word, it is declined like the Noun Invariable Genu, Neuter.
VErbs with their Nominatives true Concord make,
When they the same Number, and Person take.

God blesseth

Vertue is commended.

2.

THe Adjective and Substantive embrace,
Confind to equall Gender, Number, Case.

A modest young man.

A rowling stone.

3.

The Re­lative doth not agree in Case, which either commeth before the Verb immdiately, or if any word come between, it is ruled like another Noun, saving that it keepeth his own place, and is governed of the word which followeth it.
THe Antecedent and the Relative,
Must the same Gender, Number, Person give.

The man which worketh, deserves a reward.

They are not your friends, whom you love.

4.

THe Case and Tense, which doth the question frame,
In every answer ought to be the same▪
Q.Quod est tibi nomen?RJacobusWhat is your name?Ja.
Q.Cujus nominis es?RJacobiOf what n. are you?Ja.
Q.Cui nomini respondes?RJacoboTo what n. answer you?Ja.
Q.Quod nomen habes?RJacobūWhat n. have you?Ja.
Q.Quo nomine appellaris?RJacobo.By what n. are you cal­led.Ja.
Q. Quot annos natus es?
How old are you?
R. Quindecim, viginti.
Fifteen, twenty.
Q. Quotum annum agis?
What yeer doe you goe upon?
R. Nonum, decimum, &c.
The Ninth, tenth, &c.
Q. Quam scholam adis?
What School doe you goe to?
R. Paulinam, Westmonasterien­sem, Scholam Domini S.
Paules School, Westminster, Mr. S. School.
Q. Qua Scholâ versaris?
In what School doe you con­verse.
R. Scholâ Westmonasteriensi Scholâ D. S.
Westminster School, in the School of Mr. S.
Q. Quem librum legis?
What book doe you reade;
R. Grammaticam, Erasmum, Fabulas, Aesopi, Virgilium:
Grammar, Erasmus, Esops Fables, Virgil.
Q. Quota est hora?
What hour is it?
R. Prima, secunda, &c.
The first, second, &c.
Q. Cujas es?
What Countryman are you?
R. Anglus, Gallus, Cambro-Britannus, vestras.
An Englishman, a French­man, a Welshman, your Countryman.

Here I thought fit to adde the questions and answers that may enable young Scholars to answer in La­tine when they are examined in their Lessons.

Q. Quae pars Orationis est ()?
What part of speech is ()?
R. Est Nomen Substantivum, Proprium, Commune.
It is a Noun Substantive,
[Page 63] Q. Cujus Declinationis?
Proper, Common.
R. Primae Declinationis.
Of the first Declension.
R. Secundae Declinationis.
Second Declension.
R. Tertiae Declinationis.
Third Declension.
R. Quartae Declinationis.
Fourth Declension.
R. Quintae Declinationis.
Fifth Declension.
Q. Quomodo inflectis? Cujus Generis?
How doe you decline it? Of what Gender?
R. Masculini Generis.
Of the Masculine Gender.
R. Foeminini Generis.
Feminine Gender.
R. Neutrius Generis.
Neuter Gender.
R. Communis Generis.
Common Gender.
R. Dubii Generis.
Doubtfull Gender.
Q. Quale Proprium?
What Proper name?
R. Est proprium nomen.
It is the proper name.
R. Viri.
Of a man.
R. Foeminae.
Woman.
R. U [...]bis.
Citie.
R. Regionis.
Kingdome.
R. Insulae.
Iland.
R. Fluminis.
River.
R. Venti.
Wind.
R. Arboris.
Tree.
R. Mensis.
Month.
Q. Cujus Casus, Numeri & Per­sonae?
Of what Case, Number and Person.
R. Nominativi Casus.
Of the Nominative Case.
R. Genitivi Casus.
Genitive Case.
R. Dativi Casus.
Dative Case.
R. Accusativi Casus.
Accusative Case.
R. Vocativi Casus.
Vocative Case.
R. Ablativi Casus.
Ablative Case.
R. Singularis Numeri.
Of the Singular Number.
R. Pluralis Numeri.
Plurall Number.
R. Primae Personae.
Of the First person.
R. Secundae Personae.
Second person.
R. [...]ertiae Personae.
Third person.
[Page 64] Q. Quare?
Why?
R. Praecedit verbum.
It comes before the Verb.
R. Sequitur verbum.
It followeth the Verb.
R. Regitur a Verbo, Adjectivo.
It is governed of the Verb, ad­jective
R. Est Posterius duorum Sub­stantivorum.
It is the latter of two Substan­tives.
R. Diversae ejusdem significationis.
Of a divers the same significa­tion.
R. Significat spacium loci.
It signifies the space of place.
R. Est proprium loci in quo
It is the pro­per name of a place. In or at which.
R. Est proprium loci ad quem
It is the pro­per name of a place. To which.
R. Est proprium loci a quo
It is the pro­per name of a place. From which.
R. Est proprium loci per quem.
It is the pro­per name of a place. By which.
R. Significat speciem spacium tem­poris.
It signifies the kind, part or space. of time.
R. Significat membrum in quo Passio.
It signifies the member where in is a passion.
R. Significat laudem Rei.
It signi­fies. Praise. of a thing
R. Significat vituperiū Rei.
It signi­fies. Dispraise. of a thing
R. Significat instrumentum
It signifies the Instrument
R. Significat causam
It signifies the Cause.
R. Significat modum rei.
It signifies the Manner.
R. Ponitur absolutè in Abla­tivo.
It is put in the Ablative absolute.
R. Est nomen precii.
It is the word of price.
Q. Per quam regulam?
By what rule?
R. Est Adjectivum unius ter­minationis.
It is an Adjective of one termination.
R. Duarum terminationum.
Of two terminations
R. Trium terminationum.
Of three terminations
R. Coheret cum Substativo.
It agrees with the Substantive
R. Ponitur Substantivè.
It is put Substantively.
Q. Cujus gradus Comparati­onis?
Of what degree of Comparison?
[Page 65] R. Positivi Gradus.
Of the Positive degree
R. Comparativi Gradus.
Comparative degree
R. Superlativi Gradus.
Superlative degree
Q. Quomodo comparatur?
How is it compared?
R. Est verbum Personale
It is a Verb Personall.
R. Est verbum Impersonale
It is a Verb Impersonall.
R. Est verbum Activum
It is a Verb Active.
R. Est verbum Neutrum
It is a Verb Neuter.
R. Est verbum Passivum
It is a Verb Passive.
R. Est verbum Neutro Passi­vum.
It is a Verb Neuter Passive.
R. Est verbum Deponens
It is a Verb Deponent.
R. Est verbum Anomalum
It is a Verb Irregular.
R. Est verbum Defect vum
It is a Verb Defective.
R. Conjugationis Primae
Of the First Conjuga­tion.
R. Conjugationis Secundae
Of the Second Conjuga­tion.
R. Conjugationis Tertiae
Of the Third Conjuga­tion.
R. Conjugationis Quartae.
Of the Fourth Conjuga­tion.
Q. Cujus Modi, Temporis, Numeri, & Personae?
Of what Mood, Tense, Number and Person?
R. Indicativi Modi.
Of the Indicative Mood
R. Imperativi Modi.
Of the Imperative Mood
R. Subjunctivi Modi.
Of the Subjunctive Mood
R. Infinitivi Modi.
Of the Infinitive. Mood
R. [...]raesentis Temporis.
Of the Present Tense.
R. [...]mperfecti Temporis.
Of the [...]mperfect Tense.
R. [...]erfecti Temporis.
Of the Perfect Tense.
R. [...]lusquam perfecti Temporis.
Of the Pluperfect Tense.
R. [...]uturi Temporis.
Of the Future Tense.
R. [...]oheret cum Nominativo.
It agrees with the Nomi­native.
R. [...]st posterius duorum Verborum.
It is the latter of two Verbs.
Q. Quae sunt?
Which are?
R. [...]rimae Per­sonae
The First Per­sons
R. [...]ecundae Per­sonae
The Second Per­sons
R. [...]ertiae Per­sonae
The Third Per­sons
R. Per­sonae Singulares.
Sing. Per­sons
R. Per­sonae Plurales.
Plur. Per­sons
[Page 66] R. Imperativus deest.
The Imperative is wanting.
R. Imperativus caret prima Per­sonâ.
The Imperative wants the first Person.
R. Caret praeterito.
It wants the Preterperfect tense
R. Caret Supinis.
It wants the Supines.
R. Caetera desunt.
The rest are wanting.
Q. Unde formatur?
Whence is it formed?
Q. Unde derivatur?
Whence is it derived?
Q. Unde componitur?
Of what is it compounded?
Q. Quare mutatur Consonan?
Why is the Consonant chan­ged?
Q. Quare mutatur Vocalis?
Why is the Vowell chan­ged?
R. Euphoniae gratia.
For the sweeter sound.
R. Est Pro­nomen Primitivum.
It is a Pro­noune. Primitive.
R. Est Pro­nomen Possessivum.
It is a Pro­noune. Possessive.
R. Est Pro­nomen Relativum.
It is a Pro­noune. Relative.
Q. Quodnam est ejus Antece­dens?
What is the Antecedent?
R. Cohaeret cum Antecedente.
It agrees with the Antecedent
R. Est Parti­cipium Activum.
It is a Par­ticiple Active.
R. Est Parti­cipium Passivum.
It is a Par­ticiple Passive.
R. Est Prius Supinum.
It is the First Supine.
R. Est Posterius Supinum.
It is the First Latter Supine.
R. Est Adver­ [...]ium Temporis.
It is an Ad­verb of Time.
R. Est Adver­ [...]ium Loci.
It is an Ad­verb of Place.
R. Est Adver­ [...]ium Quantitatis.
It is an Ad­verb of Quantity.
R. Est Adver­ [...]ium Numeri.
It is an Ad­verb of Number.
R. Est Con­junctio Enclytica.
It is a Conjunction Enclyticall.
R. Est Con­junctio Copulativa.
It is a Conjunction Copulative.
R. Copulat similes Casus.
It Couples like Cases.
R. Copulat similes Modos.
It Couples like Moods.
R. Copulat similes Tempora.
It Couples like Tenses.
R. Est Prepositio
It is a Preposition.
R. Est Interjectio
It is a Interjection.
[Page 67] R. Servi­ens Nominativo Casui.
Serving to the Nominative Case
R. Servi­ens Genitivo Casui.
Serving to the Genitive Case
R. Servi­ens Dativo Casui.
Serving to the Dative Case
R. Servi­ens Accusativo Casui.
Serving to the Accusative Case
R. Servi­ens Vocativo Casui.
Serving to the Vocative Case
R. Servi­ens Ablativo Casui.
Serving to the Ablative Case
Est figurata Constructio.
It is a figurative Constru­ction.
Est Graecismus.
It is a Graecisme.
Est Archaismus.
It is an Archasme.
Est Error Typographi
It is the fault of the Printer.

Partes Hominis.
Corpus.

CAlva. Caput. Cerebrum. Crinis. Frons. Tempora. Barba.
Os. Oculus. Facies, Labrum. Dens. Nasus & Auri.
Lingua. Supercilium. Gena. Nares. Vena. Palatum.
Gurgulio. Mammilla. Pori. Praecordia. Renes.
Mentum. Palma. Manus. Digitus. Cor. Palpebra. Collu [...].
Nervus. Spina. Sinus. Tergum. Pes. Tibia. Poples.
Sura. Genu. Talus. Pectus. Cavo. Spiritus. Unguis.
Splen. Gula. Costa. Latus. Venter. Vesica. Papilla.
Calx.
Dyasta­les licen­tia.
Umbilicus. Cubitus. Faux. Brachia. Guttur.
Corpus. Pulmo. Jecur. Pugnus. Gingiva. Medulla.
Articulus. Femur. Clunis. Fel. Viscera. Teste [...].
Ala. Humerus. Stomachus. Lumbus. Cutis. Ilia. Sangui
Anima.

The parts of Man.
The Body.

THe scull.The head.The braine.The haire.
The foreheadThe temples.The beard.The mouth or bone
The eye.The face.The lip.The tooth.
The nose.The eare.The tongue.The eye brow.
The cheek.The nostrills.The veine.The palat.
The wind pipe.The teate.The pores.The heart strings
The reins.The chin.The palme.The hand.
The finger or toeThe heart.The eyelid.The neck.
The sinew.The back boneThe bosome.The back.
The foot.The leg.The ham.The calf.
The knee.The anckle.The breast.The flesh.
The breath.The naile.The spleen.The gullet.
The rib.The side.The belly.The bladder.
The nipple.The heele.The navell.The elbow.
The jaw.The armes.The throat.The wrist.
The lungs.The liver.The fist.The gum.
The marrow.The joint.The thigh.The buttock.
The Gall.The entrals.The stones.The armepit.
The shoulder.The stomack.The Loine.The skin.
The small guts.The blood.

The Soule.

Genera Nominum. THE GENDERS OF NOVNES.

Regulae Generalissimae.

Excipiun­tur Epi­coena, ut Passer, ēris, Bom­byx, īcis, Limax, āc [...]s, Cetus, i, &c. his adde Phoenix, phoenīcis, m.g. Vulpes, is. Talpa, ae. Aquila, ae. F.G. In Epicoenis utimur Mas & Foemina ad distinguendum sexum, ut Aquila mas. Passer Foemina, a Hac vocantur Patronimyca, quae vel a Patre, vel aliâ Fa­miliae persona derivantur. OMne Genus sexum, quem dat natura sequetur.

Vir viri.Mulier ēris.Carolus, i.
Uxor, ōris,Frater, tris.Equus, i.
a Priamides.Nerine.Menelais.

ANgeli, erunt In nomi­nibus Flu­viorum & Urbium, autores habuerunt rationem Declinations & terminationis, Sequana, Sabrina, f.g. Fluvii, Menses & Mascula Venti.

Gabriel ēlis.Auster, tri.Aprilis, ilis.
Adria, ae.  

FÆmineis Regio parent Sulmo, ōnis, Parsii, orum, m. g. &c. Preneste, is, Zeugma ā [...]is. n. g. &c. Urbs, Insula, & Arbo­rum no­mina in [after] sunt m. g P [...]naster, tri. acer, ēris, robur, ōris, n.g. Arbor

Anglia ae.Carthago.Mona.
Cupressus i.  

[Page 75] Manci­ [...]ium, [...]cortum, [...]r opudi­ [...]m, sili­ [...]ernium, [...]uc referri possunt, quia propriè & primò sexum non signi­ [...]icabant. UM Neuro flectes, sic invariabile nomen.

Londinum, i.Coelum.Barathrum, i.
Nihil.Genu. 

Monosyllaba.

PLurima Foemineo gaudent Monosyllaba coetu.

Cos, cotis.Vis, vis.Laus, laudis.

Excep.MAscula sunt quaedam, quaedam Monosyllaba Neutra.

Masculina.

Praes, praedis.Dens, dentis.Gryps, gryphis.
Lar, laris.Grex, gregis.Splen, splenis.
Calx pro [...]octo la­ [...]ide est, [...].g. ita [...]tirps pro [...]rosapia.
As, assis.		Mus, muris.Sal, salis.
Ros, roris.Stirps, stirpis.Flos, floris.
Fons, fontis.Ren, renis.Pons, pontis.
Calx, calcis,Glis, gliris.Vas, vadis.
Sol, solis.Mos, moris. 
Pes, pedis.Mons, montis. 

Neutra.

Aes, aeris.Pu [...], puris.Cor, cordis.
Jus, juris.Far, farris.Os, ossis.
Mel, mellis.Ver, veris.Thus, thuris.
Fel, fellis.Crus, cruris.Os, oris.
Rus, ruris.Vas, vasis,Lac, lactis.

Communia.

PRo sexu genus admittit Commune duorum.

Infans, antis.Parens, entis.Advena, ae.
Haeres, edis.Gygas, antis.Dama.
Princeps, cipis.Comes, ītis.Bos, bovis.
Hofpes, ītis.Civis, is.Senex, senis.
Canis, is.Perdix, īcis.Sacerdos, dotis.
Martyr, yris.Sus, suis.Vates, tis.
Fur, furis.Anguis, is.Conjux, jūgis.
Judex, icis.Nemo, Nemini.Homo, īnis.

Dubia.

Dies in Plurali est tantum m.g. SExus abest Dubiis, generis (que) incerta vagantur.

Clunis, is.Adeps īpis.Specus, us,
Dies, iēi.Cortex, icis.Torques, is.
Silex, īcis.  

Regulae minus Generales.

Graeca Graeco­rum fere sequuntur formam. Planeta, Cometa, Alaba­strites, m. g.Nomina Primae Declinationis.

FÆmineum Latina genus dant Nomina Primae.

Culpa.Gemma.Pharetra.

Nomina Secundae Declinationis.

MAscula flexurae sunt nomina cuncta Secundae.

Annus.Liber, libri.Puer, ēri.
Exceptio.
FÆmineum colus est domus, alvus, vannus, humus (que)
Est virus Neutrum, quaedam Muliebria
Papyrus, methodus, dialectus, diame­ [...]rus, cri­stallus, [...]ctus, pe­ [...]iodus, synodus, dipthongus, abyssus, carbasus, hysopus, nar­ [...]us, eremus, &c. graeca sunt f. g. Pelagus n. g.
graeca.
Colus.Domus i, & us.Alvus, i.
Vannus, i.Humus, f.g. 
Virus, n.g.  

Nomina Tertiae Declinationis referun­tur ad tres Regulas speciales.

Nomina Quartae Declinationis.
MAscula sunt Quartae, sex si muliebria demas.
Porticus at (que) tribus, manus, Idus, ficus, acus (que).
Gradus. [...]ructus.Genu.
Nomina Quintae Declinationis.

Excipe Meridies. m. g.FÆmineis numera, quae sunt tibi nomina Quintae

Fides, ēi.Facies, iēi.Res, rei.
Tres Regulae speciales. Prima.

NOn crescens genito nomen, genus est muliebre

Nubes, is.Caro, carnis.Vulpes, is.
Except.Exceptio Prima.

MAscula in [is] quaedā sed in [er] des cuncta Viril.

Aqualis.Fustis.Imber, bris.
Cassis.Mensis.Crinis.
Canalis.Panis.Caulis.
Et caetera composi­ta ab As, m. g. Decussis centussis, &c.
Follis.		Torris.Funis.
Mugilis.Amnis.Ignis.
Postis.Callis.Piscis.
Semissis.Finis.Sentis.
Vermis.Fascis.Vectis.
Axis.Orbis.Ʋter, tris.
Collis.Penis. 
Ensis.Ʋnguis. 
Secunda Exceptio.

Excep. 2.NOmina in [e] quaecun (que) cadunt Neutralia den [...]

Mare, ris.rete, tis.cubile, īlis.
Secunda Regula Specialis.

CRescens Foemineum monstrat Penultima lo [...]

Virtus, tūtis.Pietas, tātis.Fornax, ācis.
Ratio, ōnis.Vibex, icis. 
Masculina Excepta.

HÆc maribus misce, quorum penultima longa

Torrens, entis.Orien [...].Bidens.
Rudens.
Et caererae partes as­sis praeter unciam ut triens Decunx Seprunx, Dodrans, m.g.
Quadrans, antis.		Adamas, an [...]
Tapes, ētis.Hydrops, dropis.Thorax āci [...]
Lebes.Magnes. 
ET quod in
Quae­dam Ety­mologa, Verbali­um simil­lima sunt f.g. ut con­cio rebel­lio.
[o] si non Verbale fit, ut ligo, se [...]
Mascula in [er][or] & [os] & in [n] polysyll [...] sunto.
Ligo, ōnis.Sermo.Pugio.
Scipio.Pulmo.Carbo.
Umbo.Umo.Mucro.
Cr [...]ter, ēris.Sudor, ōris.Honos, ōris.
Lichen, ēnis.Delphin īnis.Paean ānis.
Neutra Excepta.

OMnia sunt & in [al] vel in [ar] polysyllaba neutra.

Vectigal ālis.Calcar, āris.
Tertia Regula specialis.

QUae crescunt breviter Gentitivo Mascula dicas.

Sanguis, īnis.Pecten, īnis.Fursur, ūris.Fornix, īcis.
Foeminina Excepta.

PLaeraque Foemineum breviter crescentia, sumunt. Excep. 1.

Grando, īnis.Carex, īcis.Suppellex, ectilis.
Hyems, ēmis.Syndon, ōnis.Arbor, ōris.
Forfex, icis.
Haec Pe­cus est Pecudis Pecus est Pecoris tibi Neu­trum.
Pecus, udis.		Icon, inis.
Cuspis, idis.Seges, itis.Filex, īcis.
Alcyon, ōnis.Cassis, idis.Appendix, īcis.
Teges. ētis.Coxēdia, īcis.Bacchar, äris.
Forceps, cipis.Aedon, ōnis. 
EXcipe Faemineum quod [do] vel terminat in [go]
Excep. 2.
Graecula in [as] vel in [is] finita, ut lampas, Iaspis.
Dulcedo, dīnis.Compago, gīnis.Clamys idis.
Lampas, ädis.Iaspis, idis. 
Excep. 3.Neutra Excepta.
ESt Neutrale genus signans rem non animatam
Nomen in [a] vel in [ar] vel in [us] vel in [ur] vel in [en] [ut.]
Prohlema, ātis.Jubar, āris.Omen, īris.
Vel je­cur jeci­noris ab antiquo jeciner.
Jecur, ōris.		Pondus, ēris.Caput. ītis.

Excep. 4. SUut & in [er] quaed [...]m, sed in [or] tria Neutra su­persunt.

Cadaver, eris.Siser.Suber.
Laser.Siser.Papaver.
Spinter.Piper.Gingiber.
Vber.Iter, itineris.
Tuber pro Arbore f.g. pro Fructu, m.g. pro Fungo & Tumore, n.g.
Tuber.
Cicer.  
Aequor, ōris.Marmar.Ador.

Heteroclyta.

MUtant, deficiunt, superant Heteroclyta flexu.

Variantia.

NEutra ex Foemineis, Neutris Muliebria fiunt.

Pergamus.Supellex.Carbasus.
Nundinum.Epulum.Delicium.
Balneum.Pl [...]ae. 

MAscula Plurali sunt, quae Neutralia Primo.

Coelum.Argos.Elisium.

[Page 89]MAscula sunt primo quaedam, sed neutra secundo

Avernus.Pangaeus.Mossieus.
Taenarus.Gargarus.Tartarus, Pl. a.
Defectiva.

Aptota. QUae casum nullum variant Aptota vocantur.

Quatuor.Fas.Gummi.
quot.Cornu.Alpha.
Nihil.
Opus Adjecti­ [...]um pro necessa­ [...]ius.
Opus.		Tot.
Instar.Tempe.Frugi.
In utro­que nu­mero.
Pondo.
Mille Adjectivum, mille Substantivum, P. Millia milliū, millibus, &c.
Mille.		Sinapi.
Centum.Necesse. 
Nequam.Nefas. 

ESto Monoptoton casu quod flectitur uno.

Abl. Natu.Noctu.Promptu.
Insussu.Perm [...]ssu.Jussu.
Ambage.Ac. Pl. Inficias.Ingratiis.

Plus inte­ [...]re infle­ [...]titur in­ [...]plurali. N. Plures [...]lura. G. Plurium. D. Pluribus, &c. CAsibus & tantum variant Diptota duobus.

Verberis, re.Spontis, te.Plus, pluris.
Vesper, re.Impetis, te. 
Tabi, tabo.Jugeris, re. 

[Page 90] FLecte tribus Primo, quaedam Triptota Secundo.

G.
Vicis & caetera in­tegre in Plurali flectuntur. Mella, Vina, Ae­ra, Hor­dea, Farra, Rura, Thura, mulsa, sunt Triptota Pluraliter Sic Soboles, Labes, & omnia Quintae, praeter Res, Species Facies, Acies, Dies.
Vicis.		Ac.Vicem.Ab.Vice.
Opis.Opem.Ope.
Precis.Precem.Prece.
Dapis.Dapem.Dape.
Sordis.Sordem.Sorde.

TEtraptota vocant casus quae Quatuor optant.

G.D.Ac.A.
Jupiter usurpatur pro No­minativo & Voca­tivo.
Jovis.		Jovi.Jovem.Jove.
Ditionis.Ditioni.Ditionem.Ditione.
Frugis.Frugi.Frugem.Fruge.
Proceris.Proceri.Procerem.Procere.
N. NemoNemini.Neminem.Nemine.

Vis caret Dativo, caetera Vocativo. PEntaptota quibus tibi casus Quinque supersun [...]

Vis.Ego.Quis.Omnis.

[Page 93] Vitu­ [...]. Vitia. Herbae. Fru­ [...]enta. Metalla. 6 Aromata. 7 Liquores. 8 Pensa. 9 Aetates. 10 Hu­ [...]ores. 11 Propr. a nomina. PLurali careant, quibus est natura coercens.

1 Charitas.2 Ebrietas.3 Apium.4 Triticum
5 Aurum.6 Piper.7 Oleum.8 Linum.
9 Juventus.10 Melācholia.11 Jacobus.12 Lōdinū.
Hujus Generis sunt
Masculina.Foeminina.Neutra.
[...]ac raro [...]mittunt [...]gnifica­ [...]onem [...]ralem.
Vesper.		Pubes.Ver.
Fimus.Salus.Lac.
Limus.Pix.Nectar.
Aether.Iudoles.Gluten.
Meridies.Humus.Solium.
Aer.Lues.Coenum.
Viscus.Mo [...]s.Ebur, oris.
Penus.Sitis.Solum.
Sanguis.Famet.Virus.
Pontus.Requies.Ae [...]um.
Nemo.Tellus.Saevum.
Hesperus.Pax.Faenum.

DUm quaedam flecti tantum Pluraliter optant.

Masculina.Foeminina.Neutra.
Manes.Grates.Maenia.
Majores.Phalerae.Tesqua.
Cancelli.Quisquiliae.Praecordia.
Liberi.Manubiae.Lustra.
Lemures.F [...]riae.Castra.
[Page 94]Penates.Excubiae.Arma.
Fori.Idus.Crepundia.
Gemini.Primitiae.Exta.
Superi.Divitiae.Compita.
Inferi.Exequiae.Mapalia.
Posteri.Compedes.Bellaria.

Pluralia.PLura tamen, tibi rem quae signant saepius u [...]

His con­traria sunt col­lectiva, ut Populus, Plebs, Vulgus, &c.
Masculina.		Faeminina.Neutra.
Ludi.Induciae.Rostra.
Pugillares.Cunae.Cunabula.
Parisii.Calendae.Natalitia.
Natales.Nuptiae.Comitia.
Fasti.Literae.Logica.
Codicilli.Tenebrae.Hierosolyma.
Gabri.Fores.Adversaria.
Fasces.Venetiae.Sponsalia.

ADjectiva carent Neutris communia flexu.

Pauper.Degener.Uber.
Dives.Locuples.Inops.
Sospes.Comes.Superstes.
Compos.Impos.Memor.
Redundantia.

Haec Quartum flexum, simul ac tenuêre Secundū.

Laurus, G. lauti vel laurus, Ab. lauro vel lauru, Ac. pl. lau­ros & lau­rus, caeteri casus se­cundae decl. G. Quer­ci & quer­ [...]us. pl. quercorum & quercuum, caet. quartae. G. Coli & colus, [...]b. colo & colu, caet. secundae. G. domi at home, domus of the [...]ouse, D. domui, Ac. domum, V. domus, Ab. domo. Pl. N. [...]omus, G. domorum & domuum, D. domibus, Ac. domos & [...]omus, Voc. domus, Ab. domibus Cornus Quartam magis [...]uam Secundam sequitur, sic Spinus, Penus & Specus, Ab. Pe­ [...]u & Specu, quae sunt etiam tertiae decl. & n. g. Gen. Peno­ [...], specoris. Ficus pro fructu & arbore, Quartae, pro morbo Se­ [...]ndae tantum.
Laurus.		Ficus.Quercus.
Colus.Pinus.Specus.
Domus.Penus. 
QUae maribus tantū, vel neutris singula dantur,
Nominibus dabit his numerus genus, alter utrum (que)
Sibilus.Locus.Jocus. pl. i. vel a.
Fraenum.Rastrum.Capistrum.
Filum.p.l i. vel a. 

[...]ulgus hic & hoc est, neutrum Halec & muliebre.

Rules most Generall.

All Hees are Mas­culine, & [...]hees Fe­minine, Except Epicenes which are the Names of wild Beasts, reptiles (that is small creeping creatures) Fishes and Birds, whose Sexes because not easily discerned, were both under one Gender, which Gender is to be learned commonly from the rules of Declension and Ter­mination.
ALL Nouns the Male, or Female Gender have,
As Nature first to things the Sexes gave.
A Man.A Woman.Charles.
A Wife.A Brother.A Horse.
The son ofThe Daughter ofThe Wife of
Priamus.Nercus.Menelaus.
Some Names of [...]ivers and Ci­ties take [...]ender like common names from the Declension and Termi­nation.
THe Proper Names of Angels, every Wind,
Of Months and Rivers, are like Males declin'd.
Gabriel.The South-wind.April.
The Gulf of Venice.  
Except [...]ees [...]hose La­ [...]ne ends [...] aster, [...]asculine, as Pinaster a wild pine, &c. acer a maple, robur an [...]ke, neuter Gender.
TRees, Countries, Cities, Ilands, as they were
Of Woman-race, the Female Gender beare.
England.Carthage.Ile of Man.
A Cypresse tree.  
ALL Nouns that end in
Except the Pro­per names of Men and Wo­men.
[um] with Neuters place,
And Substantives, that
a Noun invariable or Aptote hath all the cases, but changed not termination, as genu in the rudiments; and not only case all Nouns, but all letters and words that supply the place of Nouns, and answer to the question made by the Verb, the Ad­jective or Relative, may be declined (in that relation) inva­riably.
vary in no Case.
LondonHeavenHell.
Nothing.A Knee. 

Monosyllables.

WOrds of one Syllable we entertaine
More constantly under the Female traine.
A Whetstone.Force.Praise.

Excep­tion.SOme Masculine, and Neuters, some remaine.

Masculine.

A Surety.A Tooth.A Griphen.
A House.A Flock.The spleen.
A Pound.A Mouse.Salt.
Dew.A Stumpe.A Flower.
A Fountaine.The Kidney.A Bridge.
A Heele.A Dormouse.A Surety.
The Sun.A Manner. 
A Foot.A Mountain. 

Neuters.

Brasse.Snot.The Hart.
Law or right.Bread-CorneA Bone.
Honey.The Spring.Frankinsence.
Gall.A Thigh.A Mouth.
The Country.A Vessell.Milk.

Every Noun that may bee applied to both sexes, may have both Genders.Common.

COmmon of two, as we their sexes find,
To Male or Female Adjectives are joind.
An Infant.A Parent.A stranger.
An Heire.A Gyant.A Buck or Doe.
Prince.A Companion.An Oxe or Cow.
Guest.A Citizen.An old Man or Woman.
A dog or bitch.A Partridge.A Priest or Priestesse.
A Martyr.A Hog or Sow.A Prophet or Poet.
A Thiefe.A Snake.A Husband or Wife.
A Judge.No body.A Man or Woman.

Doubtfull.

DOubtfull want sexe, which at your choice decline,
Either with Male or Gender Feminine.
A Buttock.Fatte.A Cave or den.
A Day.Bark of tree.A Chaine.
A Flint.  

Rules lesse Generall.

A Planet, a Comet, Alabaster.Nouns of the First Declension.

ALL of the First Declension that do spring
From Latine root, the Female Gender bring.
A fault.A jewell.A quiver.

Nouns of the Second Declension.

ALL Nouns that by the Second we decline
In [us] and [r] be counted Masculine.
A yeer.A brook.A boy.
Exception.
Paper, a method, a dialect, a diameter, cristall, the North, a full point, an assembly of Divines, a dipthong, a bottomles pit, a saile, hysop, a sweet ointment, a wildernes, the sea.
FIve Nouns in [us] the Female Gender seek:
One Neuter is, some Feminines are Greek.
A Distaffe.A House.A Panch.
A Van.The Ground. 
Poison.  

Nouns of the Third Declension are re­ferred to the Three speciall Rules.A porch, a tribe, a hand, I­des of a month, a fig, a needle.

Nouns of the Fourth Declension.
NOuns of the Fourth all Masculine we find
Excepting six to Feminines assignd.
A Degree.Fruit.A Knee.
Nouns of the fift Declension.
ALL of the Fifth do end in [es] and render
Themselves obedient to the Female Gender.
Faith.A face.A thing.
Three speciall Rules.
The first [...]peciall Rule.
NOuns that increase not in the Second Case,
By the First Rule doe Feminine embrace.
A Cloud.Flesh.A Foxe.
First Exception.
EXcept some few in [is] but all refer
Ʋnto the Masculine that end in [er.]
An Ewer.A Club.A Shower.
A Net.A Month.Haire.
A Channell.Bread.A Stalk.
A Bellows.A firebrand.A Rope.
A Mullet.A River.Fire.
A Post.A Path.A Fish.
Half a pound.An End.A Thorne.
A Worme.A Bundle.A Bar.
An Axletree.The World.A Bottel.
A Hill.The Yard. 
A Sword.A Naile. 
[...]
Second Exception.
FRom the First speciall Rule excepted be,
All Neuters that do terminate in [e.]
The Sea.A Net.A Bed.
The Second speciall Rule.
FEminines by the Second Rule are known,
When they encrease long in the last but one.
Vertue.Godlinesse.A furnace.
Reason.The Marke of a stripe. 
Masculines excepted.
SOme Nouns you must observe, whose Second Case
Increaseth long, yet Masculines embrace.
A Brook.The East.A Fork.
A Gable Rope.A fourth part.A Diamond.
Tapestry.The Dropsie.A Doublet.
A Caldron.A Load stone, 
IN [o] if it no Verball be, and those
Are Male that end in [er] [or] [n] and [os.]
A Spade.A Speech.A Dagger.
A Cudgell.The Lungs.A Dead coale.
A Bosse.A precious stone.A weapons point.
A Goblet.Sweat.Honour.
A Tetter.A Dolphin.A Song to Apollo.
Neuters excepted.
ALL words above one syllable, that end
In [al] and [ar] the Neuter doth attend.
Tribute.A Spur.
The third speciall Rule.
NOuns that do short encrease when you decline,
By order troop among the Masculine.
Blood.A Comb.Bran.An Arch.
Feminines excepted.
THere are some Nouns increasing short we may
Excep. 1.
Observe, doe still the Feminines obey.
Haile.Sedge.Houshold stuffe.
Winter.Fine linnen.A Tree.
Sizzers.Cattle.An Image.
A spears point.Standing Corn.Forne.
A Sea-bird.A helmet.An Addition.
A covering.A hip-bone.An Herb.
Tongs.A nightingale. 
ABove two syllables in [do] and [go]
Greeks Nouns in [as] and [is] are female too.
Sweetnes.A joint.A Mantle.
A Lampe.A Jasper stone. 
Neuters excepted.
THe names of Li [...]eles things are Neuters,
Excep. 3.
when
They end in (a) (ar) (us) (ur) (ut) and (en.)
A Probleme.A Sun-beame.A sign of luck.
The Liver.A Weight.A Head.
IN (er) some Nouns encreasing short,
Excep. 4.
and three
That end in (or) the Neuter Gender be.
A Carcase.An Osiar.Cork.
A Gum.A Parsnip.Poppy.
A Claspe.Pepper.Ginger.
A Dug.A journey.A toad-stool
A Pease.  
The Sea.Marble.Fine Wheat.

Heteroclyts.

WE call those Heteroclyts which are sound
To change, to be defective, or abound.
Nouns that vary or change.
SOme Feminines turne Neuter, Neuters some
When they are Plurall Feminines become.
The City Pergamus.Houshold-stuffe.A Saile.
A Faire.A Banquet.Delight.
A Bath.  
SOme Neuters when you Plurall them decline,
Ʋnto the Masculine themselves confine.
Heaven.The City Argos.Elisium.
SOme Masculine in the First number beare,
But in the Plurall only Neuters are.
A Lake so called.Pangeus.Massicus.
Tenarus.Gargarus.Tartarus or dungeon.
Defectives.
All Nouns of number from three to an hun­dred in­clusively are ap­totes, and vary in no case.
NOuns which doe change no case at all
Some undeclin'd or Aptotes call.
Foure.Right.Gum.
How many.A horne.The letter (a)
Nothing.Need.So many.
Like.Fair fields.Thriftie.
A pound.A thousand.Mustard.
A hundred.Needfull. 
Wicked.Wrong. 

SOme Nouns but one case doe allow.

By Birth.By night.In readinesse.
Without leave.By allowance.By the cōmand.
By circumstanceDeniall.Without thanks.

ANd others are decli [...]d with two.

A stripe.Freewill.More.
The evening.Force. 
Blackblood.An acre. 

[Page 91] [...]me are [...]ptotes [...]ly in [...]e Plu­rall num­ber, as [...]lla Vi­ [...] Aera, [...]rdea, [...]ra, Rura, Thura, Mulsa, Soboles, Labes, and all Nouns of [...]e fift Declension, except Res, Species, Facies, Acies, Dies. WE limit some to cases three.

  • A Chance or turne.
  • Help.
  • Prayer.
  • Dainty fare.
  • Filth.

ANd some to four confined be.

  • Jove or Jupiter.
  • Government.
  • Thrift or profit.
  • A Nobleman.
  • No body.
[...]hose [...]ouns to which we cannot di­rect our [...]peech want the Vocative case, and such are Partitives as [...]uidam, Iterrogatives as Quis, qualis, uter; Negatives as [...]allus, Relatives, as Qui, and all Pronouns, except Tu, Me­ [...], Noster and Nostras.
OThers of the defective race
Are Nouns that only want one case.
Force.I.Who.Every one or all.
[...]
SOme Nouns
As the names of virtues, and vices, herbs, graine, metalls, spices, liquors, yarn, the ages of man, the humors of the natural body, and proper names, yet these last may have the Plurall when either many of the same name are signified, or they be understood appellatively, as Demeae, Clouns.
by nature are confin'd,
And never Plurally declind.
Charity.Drunkennes.Parsly.Wheat.
Gold.Pepper.Oile.Flax.
Youth.Melancholy.James.London
Of this nature are these.
Masculines.Feminines.Neuters.
The Evening.Ripenesse of age.The spring.
Mud.Health.Milk.
Dung.Pitch.Heavenly drink
The skie.Towardlinesse.Gsew.
Noon.The Ground.A throne.
The Aire.The Murren.Dirt.
Birdlime.Death.Ivory.
Provision.Thirst.The soile.
Blood.Hunger.Poison.
Sea.Rest.An age.
No body.The earth.Sewit.
Evening-Star.Peace.Hay.
WHilst others Singular doe wave,
And only Plurall number have.
Masculines.Feminines.Neuters.
Ghosts.Thanks.Wals.
Ancestors.Horsetrappings.Rough places.
Limits.Sweepings.Hartstrings.
Children.Spoils of War.Dens.
Gublins.Playdayes.Tents.
[Page 95]House Gods.Watches.Weapons.
Hatches.Ides of a month.Rattles.
Twins.First fruits.Enttalls.
Gods or Saints.Riches.Publick places.
Devills.Funerall rites.Cottages.
Posterity.Fetters.Juncates.
SOme declind only Plurall be,
And yet doe one thing signifie.
Masculines.Feminines.Neuters.
A Play.Truce.A Pulpic.
A Table book.A cradle.A Cradle.
The City Paris.The 1. day of a m.A Birth day.
A stock or kindred.A Marriage.A Sessions.
A Calendar.Learning.Logique.
A Packet.Darknesse.Hierusalem.
The City Gabii.A Doore.A note book.
Authority.The City Venice.A contract.
SOme Adjectives do make complaint
They Neuter Terminations want.
Poore.Degenerate.Fruitfull.
Rich.Wealthy.Wanting.
Safe.Gentle.Surviving
One enjoying.One not enjoying.Mindfull.
Redundants.
THese Nouns abound, and in some cases doe
The Second and the Fourth Declension show.
A Bay tree.A Fig.An Oak.
A Distasse.A Pine.A Den.
A House.Provision. 
SOme Singulars by Male or Neuter known,
Both Male, and Neuter, in the Plurall own.
A Hissing.A Place.A jeast.
A Bridle.A Rake.A Halter.
A Thread.  

Some doe adde other kind of Redundants, [...] such Nouns that have divers Terminations in o [...] case, as Honor and Honos in the Nominative, Ti [...] nus and Tignum, &c. but these are more conveniently to be referred to reading and observation.

PRAETERITA ET SUPINA VERBORƲM.

Conjugatio Prima.

AS avi format Perfecto, atúm (que) Supino.

Amo, avi, atum.
Compo­sita â neco dant necui nectum.
Neco, avi, atū.		Plico, avi, atū, & plicui plicitum.
Caeno, ju­ro, poto, passivè formant praeteritū caenatus, juratus, potus.
Caeno, avi, atū.
Caeno, ju­ro, poto, passivè formant praeteritū caenatus, juratus, potus.
Juro avi atū.
Caeno, ju­ro, poto, passivè formant praeteritū caenatus, juratus, potus.
Poto, avi, atum
Labo—  

Conjugatio Secunda.

ES formabit ui, sed itum breve redde supinis.

Compo­sita ab o­leo, quae non mu­tant signi­ficationē dant uï, i­tum.
Moneo, monui, monitū.		Timeo, timui.Arceo, arcui
Oleo, olui, olitum.Careo, ui, itū.Clueo.
Nideo.Polleo.Aveo.
Flaveo.Liveo. 

Conjugatio tertia.

FInibus ex variis flexum tibi tertia monstrat.

BO, bi, dat itum, ut Bibo, bibi, bibitum.

  • Lambo lambi—
  • Scabo scabi—

CO ci tum format, ut Vinco vici victum.

DO di sum format, ut Edo mu­tuatur personas & tempo­ra à verbo sum, quo­ties prima incipit cum [es] es, est, estis, esto, este, estote, essem, esse.Edo edi esum estum.

Scindo scidi scissū.Caedo cecidi
Com­posita à cado carent Supinis, praeter occido & recido.
sū.		Fūdo fudi sū.
Caedo cecīdi caesum.Recido di casū.Findo fidissū.
Occido cidi cisum.Tūdo tutudi sū.Pādo di passū
Rudo rudi—Strido stridi—Sido—

ADo didi ditum habet natum, si tertia flectat.

Addo didi ditū.Perdo didi ditū.Cōdo didi ditū.

GO Guo xi ctum format, ut Jungo junxi junctum.Tria tan­tùm com­posita à lego faci­unt xi in praeteri­to, Intelli­go, diligo, negligo, xi ctum caetera dant gi, ut lego legi, perlego perlegi, &c.

Intelligo exi ctū.Diligo exi ctū.Negligo exi ctū.
Surgo rexi rectū.Pergo exi ctū.Extinguo xi ctū.
Fingo finxi fictū.Mingo xi ctum.Stringo xi ictū.
Pingo inxi ictū.Ringo xi ctum.Frigo frixi ictū.
Pango xi actum.Pungo xi ctum.Repūgo
Et Repupugi.
xi ctū.
Sugo suxi—Ango; anxi—Clango clauxi—
Mingo xi—Lingo linxi—Ambigo—
Vergo—  

[Page 102]HO, xi, tum format. Traho, traxi, tractum.

LO, dat uï, itum. Molo, moluï, molitum.

Attollo—

MO, dat uï itum. ut Gemo, gemui, gemitum.

Tremo, tremuï—

NO, vi, tum format, ut, Sino, fivi, fitum.

Sperno, sprevi, spretum.Sterno, stravi, stratum.
Lino,
Lini & livi.
levi, litum.		Cerno, crevi, cretum.

PO, psi, tum, format, ut, Carpo, carpsi, carptum.

QUo, qui, ctum, format, ut, Linquo, liqui, lictum.

RO, vi, tum format, ut, Scro, sevi, satum.

Insero, sevi, situm.Quaero, sivi, situm.
Tero, trivi, tritum.Furo—

SO, dat sivi, & situm. Lacesso, sivi, situm.

Omnia Inceptiva in sco ca­rent Prae­teritis & Supinis.SCo, vi, tum, format. Nosco, novi, notum.

Cognosco, novi, nitum.Agnosco, novi, nitum.
Glisco—Fatisco—

TO, ti, tum format, ut, Compo­sita à fisto faciunt stiti & stitum.Sisto, stiti, statum.

VO, vi, tum format, ut, Volvo, volvi, volutum.

XO, uï, xum format, ut, Nexo, nexuï, nexum.

CIo, ci, ctum format, Facio, feci, factum.

Jacio, jeci, jactum.

DIo, di, sum, Fedio, fodi, fossum.

[Page 105]GIo, gi, tum. Fugio fugi fugitum.

PIo, pi, tum. Capio cepi captum.

RIo, ri, tum. Pario peperi partum, & paritum.

TIo ssi, sum. Quatio quassi quassum.

UO, uï, utum. Tríbuo tribui tributum.

Renuo renui.Abnuo abnui.Respuo respui.
Ingrue ingrui.Congruo congrui.Metuo metui.

Quarta Conjugatio.

FOrmat ï [...] quartis ivi, descendit in itum.

Audio ivi itum.Cio civi citū.
Caetera meditativa carent SS.
Parturio ivi itū.
Partio ivi itum.Salio livi litum. 
Esurio ivi tum.Gestio gestivi—Ferio—

Haec in [e] dant Primam si componantur ubi (que)

Damno.Patropasco.
Arceo.Farciofallo.
Carpo.Saecropartio.
Pario.Fatiscer.spargo.
Lacto.Scando.gradior.
Tracto.  

HIs ita compositis fit in [i] mutatio primae.

Tango.Habeo.Lateo.salio.
Statuo.Cado.Laedo.placeo.
Maneo.Quaero.Sapio.cano.
Caedo.Egeo.Teneo.taceo.
Rapio.   

[Page 106] HÆc primas tantum Praesentis, in [i] sibi mutât.

Facio.jacio.Speciocapio.
Lego.premo.pango.ago.
Emo.lacio.fateor.sedeo.
Rego.frango.  

Concludo, Accuso, Pereutio, Diluo, Conculco, Insulto. HÆc claudo, causo, quatio, lavo rejiciunt [a.]

SI componantur calco, salto [a] per [u] mutant.

FOrmabunt eadem Simplex & Compositivum.

Caetera composita à sto faci­unt stiti & stitum, a­liquando statum.
Sto, steti, statum.		Circumsto, steti, statum.

PRaeteriti Verbis rara est geminatio natis.

  • Pario, peperi, partum.
  • Comperio peri,
    A pario peruï, per­tum dant caetera quartae.
    pertum.
  • Reperio peri,
    A pario peruï, per­tum dant caetera quartae.
    pertum.

CUm dat uï Neutrum, rarò fluit inde Supinum.

Abstineo,Abstinui—

A A scro, sevi. sero dant composta situm; à salio, tibi sultum.

A ruo nata, rutum; sed tusum à tundo requirūt.

In com­positivo­rum Supi­nis. Partio, carpo, cano, spargo, rapio, a per e mutāt.

The Preterperfect Tenses AND SVPINES OF VERBS.

The first Conjugation.

AS in the first avi, and atum makes.

To love.To kill.To fold.
To sup.To swear.To drink.
To fall, or to be feeble.  

The second Conjugation.

ES uï forms, whose Supine itum takes.

To advise.To fear.To drive.
To savour.To want.To be, or be call'd.
To be fair.To be able.To desire.
To be yellow.To be blew. 

The Third Conjugation.

VErbs of the Third their various ending shew.

BO makes bi tum. To drink.

To lick.To scratch.

CO ci tum. To overcome

DO di sum. To eat.

To cut.To fall.To poure.
To wound.To fall back.To cleave.
To kill.To bruise.To open.
To bray.To make noise.To sink.
COmpounds of do, didi and ditum make,
When the First Conjugation they forsake.
To adde.To loose.To frame

GUo Go xi ctum. To joyn.

To understand.To love.To neglect.
To rise.To go forward.To extinguish.
To feign.To pisse.To strain.
To paint.To grin.To fry.
To sing.To prick.To prick again.
To suck.To vex.To trumpet.
To snow.To lick.To doubt.
To decline.  

[Page 103] HO makes xi and ctum. To draw.

LO make uï itum. To grind.

MO make uï itum. To sob.

To tremble.

NO makes vi and tum. to suffer.

To despise.to destroy.
To daub.to see.

PO makes psi and ptum. to take or crop

QUo makes qui and ctum. to leave.

RO makes vi and tum. to sow.

To plant.to seek.
To wear out.to rage.

SO makes sivi and situm. to provoke.

SCo makes vi and tum. to know.

To understand.to acknowledge.
To desire.to be weary.

TO makes ti and tum. to stop.

VO makes vi and tum. to roule.

XO makes uï and Xum. to knit.

CIo makes ci and ctum. to do or make.

to cast.

DIo makes di and sum. to digge.

[Page 104] GIo gi tum. to fly.

PIo pi tum. to take.

RIo ri tum. to bring forth.

TIo, ssi, sum. to shake.

UO uï utum. to give.

To refuse.to deny.to refuse.
To invade.to agree.to feare.

Fourth Conjugation.

FRom the Fourth, ïo, ivi, itum flow.

To hear.to stir.to bring forth.
To divide.to salt.to smite
To be hungry.to use gesture. 
THere are some Verbs when they compounded be
Do alter their first vowell into [e.]
To condemn.to commit.to feed.
To drive.to stuffe.to deceive.
To crop.to consecrate.to divide.
To bring forth.to be weary.to sprinkle.
To give suck.to climb.to go.
To handle.  
THese in their composition generally
Do their precedent vowell change to [i.]
To touch.to have.to lie hid.to leap.
To appoint.to fall.to hurt.to please.
to stay.to seek.to be wise.to sing.
To kill.to want.to hold.to be silent.
To snatch.   
THese change for [i] their first, but not dispence
With alteration in the Perfect Tense.
To make.to cast.to see.to take.
To read.to presse.to joyne:to doe.
To buy.to allure.to confesse.to sit.
To rule.to break.  

FOur Verbs lose [a] in Composition. Two

To shut.to causeto shake.to wash.

CAlco and Salto turn their [a] to [u.]

To kick,to leap.
THe Compound Perfect Tense and Supines are
The same which in the simple Verbs they were.
To stand.to stand round.
IN Composition rarely Verbs dispence
With gemination in the Perfect Tense.
To find.to bring forth
THose Neuters which their Perfect Tenses make
In [ut] Supines commonly forsake.

To abstain.

[...]

[Page 108] All Me­ditatives are of the fourth Conjuga­tion, Frequen­tatives, Dimi­nutives, Imita­tives of the first, Incep­tives of the third Conjuga­tion.VErbs in respect of form are

Prìmitive, as Lego, I do read.

  • Or Deri­vative, which are
    • Meditative or Desiderative, as Le­cturio, I desire to read.
    • Frequentative, as Lectito, I read of­ten; Loquitor, I prate.
    • Inceptive or Augmentative, as Ca­lesco, I wax hot; Ardesco, I in­crease in heat.
    • Diminutive, as Sorbillo, I sip; Pi­tisso, I drink a little,
    • Imitative, as Patrisso, I imitate the father; Platonisso, I imitate Plato; Graecisso or Graecor, I imi­tate the Greek; Vulpinor, I play the Fox.

Verbs which forme not their Preterperfect Tense and Supines according to the ge­nerall Rules.

 Con. 
ABoleo abolevi abole­tum.2To abolish.
Adoleo adolevi adultum.2to grow.
Ardeo arsi arsum.2to burn within.
Augeo auxi auctum.2to increase.
Algeo alsi.2to be chill.
Ago egi actum.3to do or act.
[...]lo alui
Et A­litum.
altum.		3to nourish.
[...]dipiscor adeptus. dep.3to obtaine.
[...]mplector, amplexus. dep.3to imbrace.
[...]micio amicui amictum.4to cloath.
[...]ssentior assensus. dep.4to consent to.
CUbo cubui cubitum. n.1to lie down.
Crepo crepui crepitū. n1to crack.
[...]ircundo dedi datum.1to compasse,
[...]ircumsto steti starum.1to stand about.
[...]enseo censui censum.2to think.
[...]ieo civi citum.2to stir.
[...]umbo cubui cubitum. n.3to lie downe.
[...]edo, cessi, cessum. n.3to depart.
[...]laudo clausi clausum.3to shut.
[...]aveo cavi cautum.2to beware.
[...]olo colui cultum.3to till.
[Page 111]Consulo, sului, sultum.3to ask, or give counsell.
Como, compsi, comptum.3to kemb.
Contemno, tempsi, temptū3to despise.
Cano, cecini, cantum.3to sing.
Concino, cinui, centum.3to sing together.
Coquo, coxi, coctum.3to seeth or boyle.
Curro, cucurri, cursum. n.3to run.
Cupio, cupivi, cupitum.3to desire.
Cōminiscor, cōmentus. dep.3to feigne.
Comperio, peri, pertum.4to find.
Cambio, campsi, campsum.4to exchange.
DOmo domui domitū.1to tame.
Do dedi datum.1to give.
Doceo docui doctum.2to teach.
Abanti­quo [leo.]
Deleo delevi deletum.		2to blot out.
Dico dixi dictum.3to say.
Duco duxi ductum.3to lead.
Divido divifi divisum.3to divid.
Dego degi3to live.
Demo dempsi demptum.3to take away.
Depso depsui depsitum.3to knead.
Disco didici.3to leasn.
Dimico, dimicavi, & uï atū.1to skirmish.
EXoleo, olevi, oletum. n.2to be out of use.
Excello cellui celsum.3to excell.
Extollo extuli elatum. to lift up.
Experior expertus. dep.4to try.
Elicio elicui elicitum.3to draw out.
[Page 110]FRendeo, frendi, fressū, n.2to grin.
Fleo, flevi, fletum. n.2to weep.
Fulgeo, fulsi, n.2to shine.
Frigeo, frixi. n.2to be cold.
Ferveo fervi & ferbui. n.2to be warm.
Fateor fassus. dep.2to confesse.
Fido fisus. n.3to trust.
Frango fregi fractum.3to break.
Figo fixi fixum.3to fasten.
Fallo fefelli falsum.3to deceive.
Fero tuli latum. to bring.
Facesso facessi. n.3to doe.
Flecto flexi flexum.3to bend.
Fluo fluxi fluxum. n.3to flow.
Fungor functus. dep.3to execute.
Fatiscor fessus. dep.3to be weary.
Fruor fructus & fruitus. de.3to injoy.
Fulcio fulsi fultum.4to prop.
Farcio, farsi, fartum.4to stuffe.
GAudeo gavisus. n. p.2to rejoyce.
Gigno genui genitum.3to beget.
Gero gessi gestum.3to beare.
Gradior gressus. dep.3to go.
HÆreo haesi haesum. n.2to stick.
Haurio hausi haustum.4to draw.
[Page 112]
Ad juvo juvi ju­tum.
IUvo juvi.		1to help.
Inoleo inolevi inoletū. n.2to wax great.
Jubeo jussi jussum.2to command.
Indulgeo indulsi indultum.2to pamper.
Incesso incessi.3to assault.
Irascor iratus. dep.3to be angry.
Impleo impleri impletum.
Ab an­tiquo Pleo.
2to fill.
LAvo lavi lavatum.1to wash.
Lugeo luxi luctum.2to lament.
Langueo langui. n.2to languish.
Luceo luxi. n.2to shine.
Libet libuit & libitum.2it liketh.
Licet licuit & licitum.2it is lawfull.
Liquet. n.2it appeareth.
Lego legi lectum.3to read.
Lacio lexi lectum.3to intice.
Laedo laesi laesum.3to hurt.
Ludo lusi lusum.3to play.
Luo lui luitum.3to suffer.
Labor lapsus. dep.3to slide.
Loquor locutus. dep.3to speak.
Liquor. dep.3to melt.
Dimico, dimicavi & dimi­cui, ut su­pra in D.
MIco micui. n.		1to shine.
Miscco miscui mistū.2to mingle.
Mulceo mulsi mulsum.2to aswage.
Mordeo momordi morsum.2to bite.
Mulgeo mulxi mulctum.2to milke.
Maneo mansi mansum. n.2to stay.
Misereor misertus. dep.2to pity.
Mereor meritus & merui. dep.2to deserve.
[Page 113]Medeor. dep.2to cure.
Miseret miseruit & misertū.2it pitieth.
Mergo mersi mersum.3to drown.
Mittto misi missum.3to send.
Meto messui messum.3to mow.
Merior mortuus.
Moritu­rus in par­ticipio.
dep.		3to die.
Metior mensus. dep.4to measure.
NEo nevi.2to spin.
Niveo nivi & nixi.2to wink.
Nubo nupsi nuptum. n.3to be married.
Necto nexi nexum.3to knit or joyn.
Nascor natus.
Nascitu­rus. fut. par.
dep.		3to be borne.
Nauciscor nactus. dep.3to get.
Nitor nisus & nixus. d.3to indeavour.
OBsoleo obsolevi tū. n.2to wax old.
Occulo, culuï cultum.3to hide.
Obliviscor oblitus. d.3to forget.
Orior ortus.
Orior a­lias habet voces ter­tiae Con­jugationis alias quar­tae, ut eti­am potior potitus. ut Infini­vo semper oriri po­tiri.
dep.		3to rise.
Operior operrus. d.4to cover.
Ordior orsus. d.4to begin.
PRaesto praestiti prestitū.1to perform or excel.
Prandeo prandi
Et pran­sus.
sū. n.		2to dine.
Pendeo pependi pensum:2to hang.
Paveo pavi. n.2to be afraid.
Piget piguit pigitum.2it grieveth.
Pudet puduit puditum.2it shameth.
Placet placuit & placitum.2it pleaseth.
Pertaedet taeduit pertaesum.2it wearieth.
Parco peperci & parci per­citum & parsum.3to spare.
Plaudo plausi plausum.3to applaud.
Plodo plosi plosum.3to explode.
[Page 114]Pedo pepedi peditum. n.3to break wind.
Pango pepigi & pegi pactū.3to joyn or bargain.
Prodigo prodegi.3to spend.
Pleo plevi pletum.2to fili.
Pello pepuli pulsum.3to drive.
Psallo psalli.3to sing.
Promo promsi promptum.3to draw.
Premo pressi pressum.3to presse.
Pono posui positum.3to put.
Pinsitum & pinsum.
Pinso pinsui pistum.		3to bake.
Posco poposci.3to ask.
Peto petivi petitum.3to ask, fetch or go.
Plecto plexi plexum.3to plat.
Pecto pexi pexum.3to kemb.
Pluo plui & pluvi. n.3to rain.
Paciscor pactus. dep.3to bargain.
Proficiscor profectus. d.3to take a journey.
Patior passus. dep.3to suffer.
Percello perculi perculsum.3to strike.
QUinisco quexi. n.3to nod.
Queror questus. dep.3to complain.
RIdeo risi risum.2to laugh.
Reor ratus. dep.2to suppose.
Rodo rosi rosum.3to gnaw.
Rado rasi rasum.3to shave.
Refello refelli.3to confute.
Rumpo rupi ruptum.3to break.
Rapio rapui raptum.3to snatch.
Ruo rui ruitum. n.3to rush.
Reperio reperi repertum.4to find.
Raucio rausi rausum. n.4to be hoarse.
[Page 115]SOno sonui sonitum.1to sound.
Seco secui sectam.1to cut.
[...]to steti statum.1to stand.
[...]isto stiti statum.3to stop.
[...]orbeo sorbui sorptum.2to suck up.
[...]uadeo suasi suasum.2to perswade.
[...]edeo sedi sessum. n.2to sit.
[...]pondeo spospondi sponsū.2to promise.
[...]trideo stridi. n.2to make a noise
[...]oleo slitus. n.2to be wont or use.
[...]cribo scripsi scriptum.3to write.
[...]pargo sparsi sparsum.3to sprinkle:
[...]tago sategi. n.3to be busie upon.
[...]allo salli salsum.3to season.
[...]umo sumpsi sumptum.3to take.
[...]repo strepui strepitum. n.3to make noise.
[...]ero serui sertum.3to put in order.
[...]erto stertui. n.3to snore
[...]pecio spexi spectum.3to behold.
[...]apui sapui. n.3to be wise.
[...]ruo struxi structum.3to frame.
[...]entio sensi sensum.4to feel.
[...]arcio sarsi sartum.4to patch.
[...]epio sepsi septum.4to hedge.
[...]ancio sanxi sanctum & sancitum.4to establish.
[...]alio saluï saltum. n.4to leap.
[...]epelio sepelivi sepultum.4to bury.
[...]ingultio fingultivi singul­tum. n4to sob.
TOno tonuï tonitum. n.1to thunder.
Tondeo totondi tonsū.2to clip or shave.
Teneo tenuï tentum.2to hold.
[Page 116]Torreo torruï tostum.2to roast.
Torqueo torsi tortum.2to wrest.
Tergeo tersi tersum.2to wipe.
Turgeo tursi. n.2to swell.
Tueor tutus & tuitus. dep.2to see or defend.
Trudo trusi2to thrust.
Tango tetigi tactum.3to touch.
Tergo tersi tersum.3to wipe.
Tollo sustuli sublatum.3to take up or away.
Texo texui textum.3to weave.
VEto vetuï vetitum.1to forbid.
Video vidi visum.2to see.
Vieo vievi vietum.2to bind.
Urgeo ursi.2to urge.
Vado vasi vasum3to go.
Vello velli & vulsi vulsum.3to pluck.
Verro verri versum.3to brush.
Uro ussi ustum.3to burn.
Viso visi visum.3to visit.
Verto verti Versum.3to turn or transla [...]
Vivo vixi victum. n.3to live.
Ulciscor ultus. dep.3to revenge.
Utor usus. dep.3to use.
Vescor. dep.3to feed upon.
Venio veni ventum.4to come.
Vincio vinxi vinctum.4to bind.
Veneo venii venum.4to be sold.

Verbs defective.

INdic. Aio, ais, ait, pl. aiunt. Imperfect. aiebam,Aio, I say aiebas, aiebat. pl. aiebamus, aiebatis, aiebant. Imper. Ai. Sub. Aias aiat. pl. aiamus, aiant. Part. Aiens.

Imperat. Ave. pl. avete. Infin. avere.Ave, hail.

Indic. Fut. Salvebis. Imper Salve,Salve, God save you. salveto. pl. Sal­vete, Salvetote. Infin. Salvere.

Indic. Inquio vel inquam, inquis,Inquio, I say. inquit. pl. inqui­mus, inquitis, inquiunt. Perf. inquisti, inquit. fut. inquies, inquiet. Imper. inque. pl. inquite. Sub. inquias, inquiat. Particip. inquiens.

Infit for Caepit.He began.

Desit for d [...]est. Fut. desiet. Sub. desiat.Is want­ing. Infin. desieri.

Indic. Quaeso. Pl. Quaesumus.I pray.

Sub. Imperf. Forem, fores, foret. pl forent. Infi. fore.I may, or should be. He rejoy­ceth. To be gi­ven. To speak.

Ovat. Sub. Ovarent, ovandi, ovans.

Daris vel dare, datus, dari, dandus. The first Persons Dor and For, not being read.

Faris vel fare, fatus, fari, fandus. The first Persons Dor and For, not being read.

Dic, duc, fer, fac. Imp. pro dice duce fere face.

I hate, I know, I begin I remem­ber.Odi, Novi, Caepi, Memini, are declined only in the Tences that come from them.

[Page 118] Remem­ber. Imper. Memento. pl. Mementote.

These are usuall among the Comick Poets.

Faxim, faxis, faxit. pl. faxint, for faciam vel fecerim faxo for fecero, faxere for facturum esse.

Axim, axis, axit. pl. axint, for agam vel egerim.

Duim, duis, duit. pl. duint, for dem, des, det, den [...]

Perduim, perduis, perduit. pl. perduint, for perdā, &c

Creduim, creduis, creduit pl. creduint, for credā, & [...]

Siem, sies, siet. pl. sient, for sim, sis, sit, pl. sint.

Amasso, is, it, pl. imus itis int, for Amavero.

Habesso, is, it, pl. imus itis int, for Habuero.

Prohibesso, is, it, pl. imus itis int, for Prohibuero.

Expetisso. is, it, pl. imus itis int, for Expetivero.

Amassere, expugnassere, prohibessere, for amare expugnare, prohibere.

Sis for si vis.

Sultis for si vultis.

Sodes for si audes.

Cavesis, for cave, vide, cape, si vis.

Videsis, for cave, vide, cape, si vis.

Capsis. for cave, vide, cape, si vis.

Syntaxis.

Syntax.

SYntax is the due order and connexion of the Parts of Speech among themselves, according to the best Authors.

  • The Parts are
    • Concord and
    • Government.

Concord is an Agreement,

  • 1. Between the Nominative case and the Verb
  • 2. Between the Substantive and Adjective.
  • 3. Between the Antecedent and Relative.

The first Concord.

VErbs with their Nom'natives true Concord make,
Nomina­tive Cases are often under­stood, but especially, ego, tu, ille, nos, vos, illi, when there is no distinction, or emphaticall signification intended. If you leave out the Con­junction that, which in Latin is called [quod] or [ut,] The Nominative is elegantly turned into the Accusative, and the Verb into the Infinitive Mood. Note. A Verb between two Nominative Cases of divers numbers, may sometimes agree with the Nominative Case that followeth it. Conscience is a thousand witnesses.
When they the same Number, and Person take.

While the Cat sleeps, the mice dance.

It is necessary that a lyer be mindfull.

The second Concord.

THe Adjective, and Substantive imbrace;
An Adje­ctive or Relative between two Sub­stantives of divers genders, is sometime found to agree with the latter. All errour is not to be called folly. Let no man take away the stone, which is called a Boundary.
Confin'd to the same Gender, Number, Case.

Human things are in a good condition, because no man is miserable, but by his own fault.

The Third Concord.

When the english [that] may be turned in­to (which) it is a Re­lative, qui, &c. The first thing to be observed in the Relative is his Case, wherein it agreeth not with the Antecedent (but by a Grecisme.) When there cometh no Nominative case between the Relative and the Verb, the Relative must be the very Nominative case to the Verb, by the first Concord; but if any other word come be­tween the Verb and the Relative, the Relative is govern'd of the Verb following, or of some other word in the sentence.
THe Antecedent, and the Relative,
Must the same Person, Gender, Number, give.

He that makes too much hast, finisheth the more late.

We put those things to use, which we place upon the poor.

Adorn that Sparta [or province] which thou hast got.

Figurative Concord.

ENAL­LAGE.
THe guiding part in every Concord's that
Which answers to the question, who, or what▪
This somtimes proves to be no word of Case,
But is an Aptote, and supplies the Place.

To weep is a certain pleasure.

Another to morrow. A. is a letter.

His proper will is to every man.

NOuns singular conjoyn'd,
SYLLEP­SIS.
when they precede
Ʋerbs, Adjectives, or Relatives, may plead
A Plurall nature, and these three surrender
[...]hemselves to the most worthy Person, Gender.
The Mas­culine gen­der is more worthy than the [...]eminine, and the Feminine than the Neuter; but when things [...]e in mention without life the Neuter is most worthy. Fire and water are not to be intreated, or things, not to be intreated. Aqua & ignis sunt inexorabilia.

A friend, and gold are to be tried in the fire.

I and my businesse are well.

He with his brother are safe.

NOuns Collective, though Singular they be,
SYNTHE­SIS.
With Plurall Ʋerbs and Adjectives
In sence, not in concord of Num­ber or Gender. A collective, is a Noun which signifies ma­ [...]r in the Singular, and is equivalent to a Noun Plurall. Of [...]is nature is a Noun Partitive, which signifies either a part of [...] multitude, or many severally.
agree.

A company rush in. Some of you open the door.

An Elephant great with young.

Part of the men drowned, held by the ship.

Government, or Construction.Every word is common­ [...] governed of that which goeth next before in orderly constru­ [...]g, except the Relative which is to be governed of that which [...]lloweth. So likewise are the oblique cases of quis, qualis, [...]uot, quotus, uter, which follow the course of the Relative both [...]or Concord and Government. One Verb may govern many [...]ases, for severall reasons, and by severall rules.
[Page 128]Construction of Substantives.

WHen two concurre, the latter Substantive
With the sign [of] assumes the Genitive,
With [to] the Dative, if they both declare,
The same thing then their cases equall are.

Old wives tales. Carmen Ʋirgilii, Virgills Verse, or the verse of Virgill; this may (not ine­legantly) be made in Latin by the Ad­jective Possessive, Carmen Virgilianum, a Virgilian verse. Ʋirgills verse.

Every soil is a native Countrey to a valiant man

Oh man! a bubble? why art thou proud.

With the latter Sub­stantive of praise or dispraise is joyned an Adjective signifying the quality.
BƲt in the Second case or Sixt we place
The Noun of Commendation or disgrace.

I mislike children of too early wisdome.

A man of a clear nostrill.

Be of a present mind.

Opus the Adjective signifieth needfull, the thing wanted af­ter Opus is put in the Ablative, the person is alwaies the Dative.
OPus and Usus when they need betray
Their want into an Ablative convey.

There is no need of that Citizen that know not how to obey.

Good wine needs no bush.

LIke fixed Nouns, some Adjectives do stand,
And Neuters may their Genitives command.
When [man] cometh af­ter an Ad­jective, the Adjective may be put alone Masculine, as justus, a just man. When [thing] is exprest, the Adjective may be put alone Neuter; and Adje­ctives may govern a Genitive, specially if they signifie quantity.

Evill men are to be punished, that good men may not be hurt.

Many things happen, which we would not.

Much sawce, little meat.

Adjectives which govern a Genitive Case.

SOme that from Verbs Originall derive,
Verball Adjectives in [bilis] when they signifie passive, govern a Dative Case. The sons of the Gods are not to be wounded with the weapons of Fortune.
And Participialls claim a Genitive.

He is capable of all formes.

Nature is a lover of her issue.

Most desirous of your friendship.

THe second case, all Adjectives do bind,
That signifie Desire, Fear, Guilt of mind,
These Ad­jectives have the signe [of] after them, and some are varied by Prepositions, as De verbis sollicitus, carefull of words, or concerning words.
Care, Knowledge or Oblivion; or what may,
Answer their sense in the contrary way.

Creatures fearfull of the light.

A man desirous of Empire is miserable.

He was scarcely master of his wits.

Some Ad­jectives, as liber, va­cuus, &c. have their Cases va­ried by Prepositi­ons; liber à metu, free from fear.
IF want or plenty Nouns or Verbs conspire,
They Genitives, or Ablatives require.

A man full of chinks.

Wine wanteth a rudder.

Thou a Phisician to others, art thy self f [...] of ulcers.

NOuns
Or parti­tively put, that is such as have the signes [Of] or [among] after the [...] the Case after these may be varied with Prepositions, e. de. [...] inter, antc. Omnium primus. ì.e. primus inter omnes, fort [...] simum animalium. i.e. fortissimum inter animalia, vel ex a [...] malibus.
Partitive, and such as Numerall ar [...]
Nouns Interrogative, and which compare
Or are Superlative, may justly clame
A Genitive, whence they their Gender name.

Neither the first, nor the worst of all.

The fairest Ape is deformed.

The Lion is the strongest of beasts.

Adjectives which govern a Dativ [...]

A Dative doth most properly relate,
These have com­monly the sign [to] after them.
To Adjectives that carry love or hate,
Pleasure or sorrow, or whose english sence,
Is opposition or obedience.

The morning is kind to the Muses.

His proper Countrey is most pleasant to eve [...] one.

TO those which Profit, Likenesse signifie,
Aptnesse, or Distance, or the contrary,
Very ma­ny signify­ing profit, and apti­tude, are varied ele­gantly with the Preposition [ad] Prone to anger, Pronus ad iram. Some Adjectives of likenesse may also govern a Genitive case. Like this man, Par hujus.
The Dative Cases most agreeing be.

Modesty is unprofitable to a begger.

Lettice like lips.

Flame is next to smoak.

IMmunis, alienus, and these three,
Communis, proprius and superstes,
Immunis and alie­nus are varied with Pre­positions.
be
To Genitive or Dative Cases free.

Common to thee and me.

Common with the Stoicks,

Adjectives which govern the Accusative Case.

LEngth, bredth, height, thickness, depth, & space of place,
We measure in the fourth, o [...] the sixt Case.
This Rule concern­eth also the case after Verbs.

The wals of Babylon were two hundred foot high, and fifty foot broad.

Depart not a nails bredth from a good consci­ence.

One foot and a half long.

When [then] is not made in Latine by quam, ac, atque, for these cause the Noune to be in the same Case which goes be­fore. Corvi sunt honoratiores quam lusciniae, Dimidium est plus quam totum.Adjectives which governe an Ablative.

COmparatives with the sign [then] do give,
Unto the following word an Ablative.

Crowes are more honorable then Nightingales

Halfe is more then all.

The smoak of a native Countrey is brighter then another's fire.

Some to these adde contentus, praeditus, affectus.
DIgnus, indignus, fretus, will have none
But the Sixt Case in true construction.

A Cover worthy of the Cup.

Bold upon your patience.

The Infi­nitives of these Verbs will have such Cases af­ter them as before, whether a Nomina­tive, Ac­cusative, or Dative.Construction of Verbs which go­vern a Nominative.

VErbs that do [being] signifie, and some,
Passives that Call, or neer their nature come,
With Verbs of Gesture, equally esteem
A Nominative before, and after them.

A woman is the safety or calamity of a house.

Thou wilt be made ill, by the company of ill men.

No man is born an Artist.

Verbs which govern a Genitive case.

A Genitive next [est] doth signifie,
Possession, Office, or Propriety.

It is the part of a poor man to number his Cat­tell.

Not to be sensible of evill, is not the part of a mā.

Not to bear, is not the part of a gallant man.

THe
These Verbs have the signe [of] after their English, and may be varied by the Ab­lative, with or without the Prepo­sition [de]
Crime, or Pain we in the second use,
Or six [...], when we condemn, quit, warn, accuse.

All men wish old age, but having gotten it, they accuse it of trouble.

I will accuse thee of the same fault.

Adversity doth mind us of our duty.

MIsereor, miseresco,
Misereor and mis­resco have somtime a Dative.
satago
Do after them a Genitive allow.

He is busie about another mans affair.

I pity thee.

Paenitet, taedet, piget, miseret,
And Pudet the Accusative admit.
Next, which a Genitive they also take,
Of that, which doth the shame, grief, pity make.

He that repents of his deed is almost innocent.

REcordor, obliviscor, memini,
And Reminiscor Verbs indifferent be,
Whether next them you in Construction place,
The Genitive, or the Accusing Case.

Remember your Stock.

An ingratefull man forgets benefits.

Call to mind the last things.

REfert and Interest Genitives design,
But Ablatives from Pronouns Feminine.

It behoveth every man.

It concernes me or mine.

Verbs which govern a Dative.

This [to] is made by [ad] with an Accu­sative after voco, pro­voco, incendo, loquor, hortor, invito, incito, excito, accerso, attinet, pertinet, spectat, and Verbs of motion.
WHen [to] or [for] come after Verbs, we may
A Dative to the following Noun convey.

The Net is not spread for the Kite.

He promiseth golden mountains to me.

Except juvo, laedo, offendo, which go­vern Ac­cusative.
TO trust, to profit, aid, obey and please,
Have Datives, so the contrary to these.

It is better to cure the beginning, then the end.

They despair of their fortunes.

The wolfe watcheth the sheepfold.

VErbs that imply command, contingence, ire,
Or pardon, Datives after them require.

Humble your mind to your fortune.

A wise man shall govern the Starres.

Pardon many things to others, nothing to thy self.

TO Ʋerbs that take, or drive away, compare,
That difference shew, or distance, Datives are.
Which chang'd to Ablative, obey the stream
Of Prepositions, that do carry them.

Pride takes God from me, envy my neigh­bour, and anger me from my selfe.

Thou comparest an Eagle to an Owl.

PAssives a Dative of the agent take,
Or Ablative, which Prepositions make.
This Pas­sive may be resol­ved into an Active, Let every man expect his last day. Ʋnusquisque expectet ul­timam diem. Literae ornant Nobilitatem.

Let the last day be expected by every man.

Nobility is honoured by learning.

SUm with his compounds, Datives may admit,
Possum the only Ʋerb forbidden it.
This is better ren­dred in English, I have a short hous­hold-stuff. I have leisure, &c. The Verb [est] with the Dative [mihi] made elegantly for habeo: as instead of habeo curtam supelle­ctilem, is used Est mihi curta supellex: the Accusative turn'd into the Nominative, and that which was the Nominative, made the Dative. So est tibi, illi, nobis, vobis, illis, for habes, habet, habemus, habetis, habent: Where the thing had is sin­gular. But if that be plurall, it is but changing the number, as Sunt mihi divitiae, I have riches. So deest mihi, tibi, illi, no­bis argentum. I, thou, he, we want money. Desunt nobis ne­cessaria, we want necessaries, or necessaries are wanting to us.

A short houshold stuff is to me. Leisure is to me.

Holy daies are alwaies to idle boies.

Many things are wanting to luxury, to cove­tousnesse all.

Some Verbs in the same significa­tion go­vern a Da­tive and Accusa­tive; as Allatro, antecedo, antecello, anteco, antesto, antevenio, ante­verto, attendo, condono, illudo, incesso, insulto, occumbo, praece­do, praecurro, praeeo, praesto, praestolor, &c. Some may change their Dative into an Accusative with the Praeposition [ad] confero, conduco, accedo, incumbo, applico, confert sanitati vel ad sanitatem. Interdico, is most often read with a Dative and Ablative.
THere be some Verbs, whose Preposition
Prae, ad, sub, ante, inter, post, with Con,
Ob, in, and super, have immediate sway,
O'r Datives, and compell them to obey.

A fair day shine upon you.

Vices creep upon us, under the notion of Ver­tues.

When Verbs have after them a Nomina­tive and a Dative, the Nominative may be also turned into the Dative; as palea est onus longo itineri, or palea est oneri longo itineri.
THis sum, with many other Verbs we see
Have of two Datives a capacitie.

Chaffe is even a burthen to a long journey.

He imputed this a fault to me.

Verbs which govern the Accusative.

Verbs transitives are, whose actions or force passeth into a Noune. Verbs Neuters belonging to sense, have the Cases of Actives.
VErbs Transitives the Fourth Case rule of that
Which answereth to the question, who, or what?

Even the flie hath a spleen.

You hold an Eele by the tail.

He savors of the Goat.

SOme
Verbs Transitive or absolute Neuters whose a­ction re­maineth in the Verb, and can govern no Case of the word that answereth to the question [whom] or [what] unless it be of its own signification; as, Canit cantilenam, he sings a song: Currit cursum, he runs a race: Vivit vitam, he lives a life. This Ac­cusative is elegantly made Ablative, if an Adjective be joyned with it; as, Ibat rectâ viâ, he went a streight way: He died a sudden death, Morte obiit repentinâ.
the Fourth Case, or Ablative admit
Of their own English sense, or kin to it.

He sings the same song.

He died a sudden death.

TO Verbs that Ask, or Teach,
The secōd Accusative may be va­ried by Prepositi­ons, per, juxta, secundum, in, circa, ad. After Verbs of asking turn the Accusative of the person, into an Ablative, with the Prepositi­ons, à, ab, de, è, or ex; as, Precare veniam à Deo, ask pardon from God. To these Verbs may be added induo, celo.
old custome gives
A double chain to bind Accusatives.

Want hath taught many men temperance.

Ask God pardon.

Verbs which govern an Ablative.

POtior, fruor, utor, fungor,
Potior is read with a genitive; as, Potiri rerum, to enjoy things: Where may be understood imperio.
give
An entertainment to an Ablative.

Use the world, enjoy God.

He performs his duty.

THe Manner, Cause, and Instrument we place,
Next the Signs [by] or [with] in the Sixth case.

The Dog will return to his vomit after his old manner.

Pleasure begets distaste by continuance.

The generous horse, is guided even with the the shadow of a rod.

IN Ablatives we put the word of Price.
So the affected part where passion lies.

It cost a great price.

That which is not necessary, is dear of a half-peny.

He halts of both feet.

AN Ablative put Absolute is that
Here is al­ways a Par­ticiple ex­prest, or under­stood; when there are two Substan­tives, a Preposition may be understood, as Sub fortuna duce, which may be varied either by a Participle, Fortuna ducente, fortune guiding me, or by Conjunctions, dum, cum, si, quando, postquam, ubi; as dejecta arbore, i.e. ubi arbor dejicitur, or quan­do arbor dejecta est, when the tree is, or shal be cast, Fortuna du­ce, i.e. Dum fortuna ducat.
On which a Participle still doth wait
With the Signe [being,] it depends on none;
But is made plain by some Conjunction.

The Tree being thrown down, they gather wood.

Fortune being my leader.

Infinitives.

INfinitives we clearly apprehend,
Do upon Ʋerbs and Adjectives depend.

It is expedient to be old, only in Sparta

Bold, to endure all things.

Gerunds.The Ge­rund in [Di] is englished somtimes like a Par­ticiple of the present, and somtimes like the Infinitive active, and follow the Sub­stantives or Adjectives that govern a Genitive case. Gerunds when they govern cases may elegantly be made Adjectives, and put in the cases of the Substantives, as ratio scribendi literas, is changed into ratio scribendarum literarum. Which Genitive is somtimes retained after the Gerunds in [Di] for the avoid­ing of many like sounds.

GErunds in [Di] like Genitives do stand,
When Substantives or Adjectives command.

Nature hath given us here an Inne to rest.

Expert in fighting.

The way of writing letters.

GErunds in [Do] like Ablatives are known.

à, ab, de, è, ex, cum, in, pro.

Gerunds in [Do] & [Dum] may also be turned into Adjectives, and agree with the Substantive which is governed of the Preposition, as paratus in numerandâ pecuniâ. Praeceps ad loquendas fabulas.

By Prepositions, or else plac'd alone.

There is safety in being silent.

Truth is lost by too much disputing.

Quick in telling money

When a necessity is exprest by [must] or [ought] in english, it may be made in latine by the Gerund in [Dum] with the Verb Est, and the Nominative turned into the Dative, as Serendum est nobis, we must sow. Some will not have this called a Gerund, but the Participle in [Dus] substantively put in the Neuter Gender, It is to be sown by us, Et post malam segetem serendum est nobis. These may be varied by debeo, or oportet? as debemus serere, oportet nos serere, we ought to sow.
GErunds in [Dum] such cases imitate,
As ob, ad, propter, inter, ante, waite.

At a feast let men be Consonants, women Vowels, and maids Mutes.

Be not over hasty to speak fables.

Supines.

The first Supine is used for the Infinitive Mood a­ctive, after Verbs of Motion, as Veniunt spectatum, for Veniunt spectare, They come to see.
FIrst Supines Active are, and Verbs do trace
That signifie some moving to a place.

Why dost thou go to lose thy selfe.

It is a part of folly to bring unwilling dogs to hunt.

The latter for the In­finitive Passive, Turpedictu, for Turpe dici, it is base to be spoken.
LAst Supines we from Passive Verbs derive,
Which still are govern'd by an Adjective.

Meat easie to be digested.

No ware is harder to be known than a womā.

WOrds that do come from Ʋerbs, or Nouns,
Participles Gerunds, Supines, Adverbs, do some­time go­vern those Cases which their Verbs did govern.
arrest
Those Cases, which their Primitives possest.

Horses drawing the Mill, walk much, but gain litle ground.

Wee are all held with a desire of hearing news.

They are gone to enquire of the Oracles.

It is the part of a wise man to meet dangers.

Of Time.

THe Term of Time that doth to [when] reply,
Somtimes these Cases are used with Pre­positions, in, de, per, ante, ad, &c. In horas, every hour.
In the Ablative is used properly.

The moments of things are turned in a point of time.

No man is wise at all hours.

THe Space of time that to [how long] doth make
Ad multam noctem, till late at night; in diem, for a day; de die, in diem, from day to day; in posterum, hereafter; jam multos annos est, it is now many years ago; understand [ante.]
An answer, the Accusative may take.

No man is so old, but he thinks he may live one year.

He hath been conversant seven years in the University.

Of Place.

Where?
VVHen [in] or [at] a place is meant, the name,
If Proper, in the Genitive we frame.
But if it Plurall be, or you decline it
After the third, to Ablative confine it.

Archytas made at Tarentum a flying dove of wood.

The Oracles cease at Delphos.

Whither? From whence? Which way?
PLaces [to which] in the Fourth Case delight.
[From] or [by which] the Ablatives invite.

He carries Owles to Athens.

It happens not to every one to go to Corinth.

He went from Cambridge.

He is to go by Rome.

Domus and Rus, in the same Equipage,
The Ge­nitive Do­mi will a­gree with no Adje­ctive but meae, tuae, suae, nostrae, vestrae, alienae. Domi meae, at my house; for if you use other Adjectives, you must use other Cases, as vescor domo amplâ, I feed in a great house, not amplae domi.
Like Proper Names, their severall Case engage.
  • Things are narrow at home.
  • Go home.
  • Return'd from home.
  • In the Country.
  • Go to the Country.
  • From the Country.

Adverbs.

THe First or Fourth, next En and Ecce place:
Or the Fourth only, where you mean disgrace.

Behold the man. See the impudence!

ADverbs of Quantity, of Time, of Place,
Instar and Ergo rule the Second Case.
Instar is a Noun Substan­tive invari­able, and signifies likenesse, or to the proportion, or comparison, Instar montis Equum aedificant, They make a horse, as great, or to the proporti­on of a mountain, here [ad] may be understood.

Faith is certain in no place. Plenty of tales.

In stead of all. For his sake.

Conjunctions.These, nam, at, ast, ac, atque, et, aut, vel, nec, neque, si, quin, qua­tenus, sin seu, sive, ni, nisi sed, verum, begin a sentence, or are to be placed first; quidem, quoque, autem, verò, enim, are construed first, placed second; ergo, igitur, itaque, equidem, are placed first or second.

COnjunctions do like Case and Tenses bind;
And Moods are often by their power confin'd.

I had rather find good men, than make them.

Lose not thy spirit.

Prepositions.

TWice sixteen Prepositions stand prepar'd,
In Front of the Accusatives a Guard.

At the Greek Calends, i.e. never.

Before the eyes.

a, abs, sine, absque, co­ram, cum, de, è, ex, pro, prae, tenus.At Supper.

TWelve Prepositions, like a Jury give
Their verdict only for the Ablative.

He is Officers are ele­gantly ex­prest in la­tine by the Preposition [a] with the Verb [est] and a Dative of the Possessour, or Master, Est regi à consiliis, a Counseller to the King, or one of his Counsell; à pedibus, a foot man. Cup-bearer to the King.

According to my strength.

Face to face. Up to the hilt.

Am, di, dis, re, se, con, are onely read in compositi­on.
FIve Prepositions equally imbrace
The Ablative, and the Accusing Case.

In the open air.

We bend to that which is forbidden.

SOme Prepositions their own Cases meet
When they Compound, and some themselves repeat.

Thou shalt passe by none unsaluted.

Come to the sire.

Interjections.

VOcatives follow Interjections, when
They have pretence to speak to things, or men.

Well done faithfull servant.

Heark, Good Sir.

BUt breaking forth in Exclamation, they
Make the First, Fourth, and the Fifth Case obey.
  • Ah me wretched!
  • O boy like to be learned!
  • O most sad nights!
BUt Hei and Vae like twins of griefe imbrace,
Concluding sorrow with the Dative Case.
  • Alas for me miserable!
  • Wo to you!

Syntaxis.

SYntaxis est debita ordinatio, & connexio Par­tium Orationis inter se, juxta usum Autorum probatissimorum.

  • Partes sunt
    • Concordantia &
    • Regimen.

Concordantia est Convenientia,

  • 1. Inter Nominativum & Verbum.
  • 2. Inter Substantivum & Adjectivum.
  • 3. Inter Antecedens & Relativum.

Prima Concordannia directa.

In his, to­nat, pluit, fulminat, fulgurat, ningit, ge­lat, vespe­rascit, lucescit, &c. subintelligitur Deus, natura, caelum, aër, nox, dies, &c.PErsonâ, & Numero, Rectis sua Verba cohaerent.

Dum felis dormit saliunt mures.

Oportet Nominativus eleganter in Accusativum ver­titur ante Verbum infinitum, cùm porest resolvi per [quod] vel [ut] Oportet mendacem esse memorem. Nota. Verbum inter duos Nominativos absimili numero, cùm posteriore ali­quando convenit; ut, Conscientiâ mille sunt testes. ut Mendax sit memor.

Concordantia Secunda.

Nota. Adjectiva & Relati­va inter duo Sub­stantiva diversi generis cùm posteriore supposito, in genere & numero, aliquando conveniunt; ut, Non omnis error stultitia est di­cenda. Nemo tollit saxum qui limes ponitur.SUnt Numero Genere & Casu conformia Fixis Adjectiva

Bono loco res humanae sunt, quod nemo nisi suo vitio miser.

Concordantia Tertia.

OMne Relativum cum
Antece­dente.
praecedente quadrabit
In quibus est idē Numerus, Persona, Genus (que)

Personae nulla ha­bitur ratio nisi Rela­tivum immediatè praecedat Verbum. Ille subintelligitur. Nota. Convenientia Sunstantivi & Antecedentis petenda est quando (que) ex possessivo, ut exaudi vocem meam clamantis ad te, pro vocem mei clamantis, hear my voice, or the voice of me; Miror stultitiam vestram qui Aethiopem lavatis, pro stultitiā vestri, I wonder at your folly who wash an Aethiop, or the folly of you which, &c. Nostros vidisti flentis ocellos. Enal­lage numeri nostri pro mei. Qui nimium properat, seriùs absolvit.

Faenoramus ea quae collocamus in pauperes.

Spartam quam nactus es, hanc orna.

Figurata Concordantia.Supposi­tum dici­tur Nomi­nativus Substanti­vum vel Antece­dens. ENAL­LAGE.

SUppositum tribus est quicquid respondeat aptè,
Si nomen non sit, velut invariabile fl [...]ctes.

Est quaedam slere voluptas.

Aliud cras, Alpha est litera.

Velle suum cuique est.

SIngula conjunctim valiant Pluraliter, horum
Personam,
Apposi­tum dici­tur Ver­bum, Ad­jectivū & Relativū. SYLLEP­SIS.
Appositum genus induit, & mage dignum▪

Amicus & aurum ignibus sunt probandi.

Ego & res mea valemus.

Masculinum genus dignius est quàm Faemininum, & Faemi­ninum quàm Neutrum, sed Neutrum praefertur utri (que) cùm de inanimatis est sermo, aqua & ignis sunt inexerabilia. Prima persona dignior est quàm secunda, secunda quàm tertia. [Cum] habet vim Conjunctionis.Ille cùm fratre salvi sunt.

PLuribus aequivalet vox Colle­ctivum est quod plura in singulari continet, & aequivalet plurali. Hujus naturae est partitivum, quod vel partem multitudinis significat, vel multa sigillatim; ut, aliquis, alius, alter, uter, neuter, uter (que) nullus, solus, ullus, quis (que) quisquis, quidam, quilibet, quicunq, unusquis (que) pauci, omnes, nemo, pro [nullus.] Synthesis fit tri­pliciter, Numero, ut turba ruunt. Genere, ut Eliphantus gra­vida. Numero & genere simul, ut Pars mersi. Collectiva Sc. nu­mero. Priori.

SYNTHE­SIS.Turba ruunt. Aperite aliquis ostium.

Elephantus gravida.

Pars mersi tenuêre ratem.

Unaquae­que Pars ocationis regitur à proximê antecedenti, in constructione naturali & or­dinata, praeter Relativum, quod regitur à sequenti Verbo vel vocabulo. Sicut, otiam, aequis, qualis, quot, quotus, uter. Eidem Verbo, diversi casus, diversae rationis apponi possunt. Nota. Quorum significatio est eadem, eadem est constructio.Regimen, sive Constructio.
[Page 129]Constructio Substantivorum.Genitivus in adjecti­vum pos­sessivum mutatur; Carmen Virgilia­num.

SI duo concurrunt Patrio compone secundum,
Posterius simul ac Dandi dignabere casu:
Quum duo idem spirant, casu nectantur eodem.

Anicularum deliramenta. Carmen Virgilii.

Omne solum forti patria est.

Appo­sitio.Homo, Bulla, quid superbis?

DEdecoris Genito aut Sexto, fic nomina laudis.

Odi puerulos praecoci sapientiâ.

Vir emunctae naris.

Esto Hic po­test subin­telligi Substanti­vum Vir, puer, &c. praesenti animo.

GAudet Opus Sexto fixum, quem postulat Usus.

Non opus est illo cive, qui parere nescit.

Vino vendibili non opus est hederà suspensâ.

Masculi­num soli­tariè poni­tur cùm homo sub­intelligi­tur, ut ju­stus, i.e. justus homo.
ADjectiva suis stant viribus, atque sequenti
Neutra dabūt patriū, fixi sub Nominis umbrà

Mali puniendi, ut non laedantur boni.

Eveniunt multaMulta, pro multae res., quae non volumus.

Multum condimenti, parum obsonii.

Adjectiva quae regunt Genitivum.

Excipe Verbalia in [bilis] quae passi­vè signifi­cantia Da­tivum re­gunt; ut fortunae telis inviolabiles sunt Deorum filii.ADjectiva petunt patrium Verbalia casum.

Omnium formarum est capax.

Natura amans est sobolis.

Cupientissimus tuae amicitiae.

Solicitus, securus, anxius, curiosus, incautus, usurpan­tur & cum Praepositione, ut de verbis sollicitus.
ILla quibus Studium est, Oblivio, Cura, Reatu [...]
Cognitio, Timor, aut contrà, meruêre secundo

Animalia lucis timida.

Cupidus imperii miser est.

Vix compos mentis fui.

NOmine, vel Verbo si copia sit, vel egestas,
Adjectiva variant casus per Praepositi­ones ali­quando; Liber à metu.
His Genitū aut Sextū fas est adjungere casum.

Homo rimatum plenus.

Vinum caret clavo.

Aliorum medicus ipse ulceribus scates.

PArtitiva

Vel par­titive posi­ta.

Quis ju­dex? Quis judicum? Quis inter judices? vel ex judicibus?

regunt Genites, Numeralia, Nomen
Omne Rogativum,
Comparativum ad duo, Superlativum ad plura refertur.
medius gradus, at (que) supremus,
Unde genus sibimet poterunt dignoscere certum.

Omnium neque primus, neque pessimus.

Simiarum pulcherrima est deformis.

Leo animalium Nonnulla conveniunt cum supposito Priore, ut leo animalium fortissimus. Rosa omnium florum pulcherrima, pro pulcherrimus. fortissimum.

Adjectiva quae regunt Dativum.

ADjectiva quibus Favor est, aut grata voluptas,
Obsequium, vel contra, imponunt fraena Dativo.

Aurora musis amica,

Sua Patriae cuique est jucundissima.

UTile, longinquum, cùm significabitur aptum,
Plaeraque commodi & aptitu­dinis effe­runtur & cum Prae­positione [ad,] pronus ad iram, necessaria ad victum, natus ad lepores. Sic facilis, intentus, aptus, commodus, habilis, prom­ptus, opportunus, proclivis, utilis, assuetus, appositus. Reperire est similitudinis Adjectiva aliquando cum Genitivis. Par hujus.
Aequale, aut contra, Dandi substernito casum.

Pudor mendico inutilis.

Similis lactuca labris.

Fumo flamma proxima.

PRoprius,
Immunis & alienus variantur quando (que) per Prae­positiones, Immunes ab illis malis su­mus.
immunis, alienus [junge] superstes;
Communis, Terno casu, patrió (que) fruantur.

Commune mihi tecum.

Commune Stoicorum.

Adjectiva quae regunt Accusativum.

IN quarto sextóve, rei mensura quiescit,
Longus, latus, altus, crassus, profun­dus, &c. quandoque, sed rariùs Genitivo.
At (que) loci spacium, post Verba & Nomina, Casu.

Muri Babylonic ducentos ped [...]s alti, lati quin­quaginta.

A rectâ conscientiâ nè latum unguem recedas.

Sesquipede longum.

Adjectiva quae regunt Ablativum.

QUam post Compa­rativa. Magis ha­bet ratio­nem Ad­jectivi Compa­rativi, i­tem malo ex magis & volo; ut malim granum hordei omnibus gemmis. Collativa solent exponere Sexto.

Corvi lusciniis sunt honorationes.

Dimidium plus toto.

Patriae fumus alieno igne luculentior.

FRetus amat Sextū, Dignus, & Indig­nus, ad­mittunt rariùs Ge­nitivum. Indignus avorum. supple no­mine vel fama. Sum, fo­rem, sio, existo, clu­co vel cluo, audio pro habeor, Appelior, dicor, vocor, videor, nuncupor, habeor, existimor, judicor, nas­cor, al [...]aque fere omnia passiva; Incedo, eo, venio, cubo, sedeo, evado, somnio, dormio, manco; Horum Infinitiva habent u­trinque eosdem casus: Malo esse dives, malo me esse divitem. Mediocribus esse poetis. Non homines, non Dii, non concessere Columnae. Dignus (que) Indignus eundē.

Dignum patella operculum.

Vestrâ fretus patientiâ.

Constructio Verborum quae regunt Nominativum.

QUae Substant, Passiva Vocandi, verb [...] (que) Gestus
Cum spectant eadem, Recti comitentur utrin (que)

Mulier domus salus est aut calamitas

Fies malus contubernio malorum.

Nemo nascitur artifex.

Verba quae regunt Genitivum.

Munus, officium vel propri­um subin­telligitur, ideo non responde­tur mei, tui, sui, &c. sed meum, tuum, suum, nostrum, vestrum.
ESt Genitum, quoties possessio significatur,
Aut si proprietas, aliquod vel munus habetur.

Pauperis est numerare pecus.

Non sentire mala non est hominis.

Non ferre, non est viri.

VOx Patriū, aut sextū Poenae vel Criminis optat.

Senectutem omnes ut adipiscantur optant, e­andem molestiae accusant adepti.

Condemnabo eodem ego te crimine.

Res adversae nos commonefaciunt officii.

VUlt Genitum satago, misereri, sic miseresco.

Alterius rei satagit.

Misereor Vel mi­sereor vi­cem tui. tui.

PŒnitet at (que) piget, taedet, miserét (que) pudét (que)
Post quartum patrios cupiunt adsciscere Casus.

Quem facti poenitet, ferè est innocens.

GIgnendi casū, aut quartū Reminiscor habebit,
Non me, ne, se, post memini & oblitus, sed mei, tui, sui.
Obliviscor, item memini, verbum (que) recordor.

Natalium tuorum reminiscere.

Ingratus beneficiorum obliviscitur.

Recordare novissima.

INtererit, Refert, Genito,
Adjiciun­tur Geni­tivi, tanti, quanti, magni, parvi, plu­rimi, ad verbialiter. Mea, tua, sua, nostra, vestra, quidam Accusa­tivos esse contendunt, & subintelligi officia vel munera.
Pronomina demas
Foemineis Sextis quae Possessiva fruuntur.

Cujus (que) interest.

Meâ refert.

Verba quae regunt Dativum. Quaedam feruntur in Accusa­tivo cum Praepositi­one [ad] ut voco, incendo, &c. & Verba motus. Respondeo tam Dativo quàm Accusativo.

PErsonae, at (que) Rei [cui quid] concede Dativum.

Rete non milvo tenditur.

Aureos mihi montes pollicetur.

QUod credit, prodest, placet, auxiliatur, obaudit,
Vel contra, Dandi poterit constringere Casum.
Excipe ju­vo, laedo, offendo, quae Ac­cusativum regunt, & doleo, Accusativum rei, ut tua damna dole.

Satius est mederi initiis quam fini.

Desperant fortunis suis.

Lupus insidiatur ovili.

SI Venia, Imperium, seu designabitur illis
Ira, vel Eventus, sequeretur Verba Dativus.
Tempero, moderor, aliquando Accusati­vo legun­tur, jub [...] rariùs Dativo. Dominari in suos.

Animum natalibus aeques,

Sapiens dominabitur astris.

Ignoscas aliis multa, tibi nihil.

QUae tollunt, arcent, & quae conferre notantur,
Dissidium quibus est, aliqua aut distantia, casū
Ternum optant, Sexto quem mutant praepositurae.

Superbia Deum, Invidia proximum, Ira me­ipsum Vel à me. mihi aufert.

Aquilam noctuae comparasVerba compa­randi ad­mittunt [ad] vel cum. Aquilam comparas ad noctuam, vel cum noctua.

MUtandum Sexto cupiunt Passiva Dativum.

Ʋltima dies semper expectetur Hìc Da­tivus ver­titur in Ablati­vum cum Praepositione [à] vel [ab] ut Ʋltima dies semper expectetur ab homine. Literae ornant Nobilitatem.homini.

Nobilitas ornatur literis.

Est cum Dativo [mihi] po­nitur pro habeo. Est tibi, est il­li, est no­bis, &c. pro habeo, habes, habet, habemus, &c. Sic Deest mi­hi, tibi, illi argentum, &c. Desunt nobis libri. Desunt illis ne­cessaria, (i. e.) Non habemus libros. Non habent necessaria.SUm cum progenie, nisi possum, fige Dativis.

Est mihi curta supellex, Otium est mihi, (i.e.) Vacat mihi: In quibus significatio est eadem, constructio est eadem. Otium est mihi.

Ignavis pueris semper feriae sunt.

Luxuriae desunt multa, avaritiae omnia.

VErba regunt Dandi casū, si particula, Ob, Con,
Ante, Sub, Inter, Ad, In, Prae, Post, Super, addi­tur illis.

Candidus tibi i.e. Pre­cor ut can­didus dies illucescat. Allatro, antecedo, antecello, [...]nteeo, antesto, antevenio, anteverto, attendo, condono, illudo, incesso, [...]nsulto, occumbo, praecedo, praecurro, praeco, praesto, praestolor, &c. [...]udem significatione Dativum vel Accusativum regunt. Con­fero, conduco, accedo, incumbo, applico, &c. Dativum vel Accu­sativum cum Praepositione [ad]. Interdico saepiùs cum Dati­vo & Ablativo; Interdico tibi aquâ & igni. Aspicio, invenio, [...]deo, admiror, alloquor, adjuvo, invado, praeverto, subeo, obeo, ad­ [...]ro, Accusativum planè regunt illucescat dies.

Vitia obrepunt nobis sub nomine virtutum.

SUm gaudet duplici, sic plurima Verba, Dativo.Do, duco, verto, tri­buo, ha­beo: Do tibi laudi, pignori, do­no, fenori.

Longo itineri etiam palea oneri est.

Hoc mihi vitio dedit.

Verba quae regunt Accusativum.

QUorū Verba vocantur transitiva qourum a­ctio trans­it. transit opus, post, sumunt omnia Quar­tos.

Habet & musca splenem.

Cauda anguillam tenes.

Verba ad sensus pertinentia saepè pro activis sumuntur; olet, sapit, so­nat, spirat; i.e. odore, sapore, sono, spiritu exprimit.Olet Hircum.

Verba Neutrain­transitiva sunt quo­rum vis & significa­catio immanet; ut in curro, vivo.
COgnati Quartum sermonis Neutra tenebunt,
Hanc Ablativo ponit variatio vocem.

Eandem canit cantilenam.

Morte obiit repentinâ.

Hic vari­atio po­test fieri per Prae­positiones; Erudiit te leges, id est, juxta leges: Coegit me haec heri immodestia, id est ad haec.
OPtabunt Quartos, gemino sibi sumere nexu
Sive docent aliquid, vel signant verba precar [...]

Temperantiam multos docuit penuria.

Precare à Deo. Deum veniam.

Verba quae regunt Ablativum.

HÆc Sextum, potior, fruor, utor, fungor, amabun [...]

Utere mundo, fruere Deo.

Officio suo fungitur.

[Page 149]GAudent Causa-Rei Modus, Instrumentáque Sexto.Ad Modū referri po­test adjun­ctum; ad Causam materia; sed intellecta Praepositione.

Canis redibit ad vomitum suo more,

Voluptas assiduitate fastidium parit.

Generosus equus vel umbrâ virgae regitur.

IN Sexto Precium, sic, quo fit passio membrum.Hi Geni­tivi adver­biascunt solitarii, tanti, quan­ti, hujus, magni, plu­ [...]is, minoris, plurimi, parvi, minimi; his addunt boni, & Sub­stantiva flocci, nauci, nihili, pili, assis, teruntii: quibus subintel­ [...]igi potest precio. Pars sive membrum in Genitivo aliquando [...]onitur, Discrucior animi: poëticè in Accusativo, Ossa fremit, [...]ntellige quoad, vel secundùm, ut Graecis [...]. Valeo interdum [...]dmittit Accusativum.

Magno constitit.

Quod non opus est, asse carum est.

Utroque pede claudicat.

NOmen erit Sexto,
Hìc adje­ctum est semper Participi­um, vel in­telligitur fictum [ente] vel [existente,] Fortunâ existente duce, vel du­cente: et resolvitur per Praepositiones dum, cum, si, quando, post­quam, ubi; ut, Dejectâ arbore, i.e. ubi arbor dejicitur, vel, quan­do dejecta erit arbor: Fortunâ duce, i.e. si fortuna ducat, vel, quando dux fuerit; vel hìc intelligi potest Praepositio, sub for­tuna duce.
proprio moderamine junctū
Participi, donec sua conjunctura resolvat.

Dejectâ arbore, ligna colligunt.

Fortunâ duce.

Infinitiva Verba.

Imperso­nale [est] pro licet, fieri potest, vel fas est, Infinitivum praecedit; ut Cernere erat.MObile, vel Verbum solet Infinita praeire.

In sola Sparta expedit senescere.

Audax omnia perpeti.

Gerundia.

Gerundi­um in Di ponitur lo­co Geni­tivi, post Substanti­va vel Ad­jectiva. Accusativus pluralis aliquando vertitur in Geniti­vum, cùm Gerundium mutatur in Adjectivum; ut, pro Rati [...] scribendarum literarum, dicitur, Ratio scribendi literarum, nec invenustè. Quandoque Gerundia significant passivè; A­thenas erudiendi gratiâ missus.DI finita jube comitare Gerundia nomen.

Natura hîc commorandi nobis diversorium dedit.

Gnarus bellandi.

Ratio scribendi literas.

QUae Sexto praesunt in Do finita praeibunt
Particulae, modo grassantur sine praeposituris.

In silendo securitas.

Nimium altercando veritas amittitur.

In numerando Vel in numeranda pecunia pa­ratus. Gerundia in Do pas­sivè signi­ficantia Dativi constructionem subeunt per Elipsin, sc. par, habilis, idoneus, aptus, bonus, &c. Non sum solvendo. pecuniam paratus.

[Page 153]DUm finita, loco Quarti, Praepos'ta gubernant.Cùm si­gnificatur necessitas, Gerundiū in [dum] ut quidam volunt, po­nitur absolutè cum Verbo [est], & Nominativus in Accusa­tivum vertitur. Alii hoc fieri contendunt per Participium in [dus]; ut, Et post malam segetem serendum est nobis: vel,

Inter convivandum sint viri consonantes, mu­lieres vocales, puellae mutae.

Ne sis praeceps ad loquendum ad loquendas fabulas. fabulas.

Supina.

ACtivum Prius est, & motus Verba sequetur.

Cur te is Variari potest per Gerundi­um: Cur is ad per­dendum te? per Participium, Cur is te perditurus? per Modum Subjun­ctivum, Cur is ut te perdas? perditum?

Stultitiae est ducere venatum invitos canes.

MObilibus subsunt bene Posteriora Supina.

Cibus concoctu facilis.

Nulla merx difficilior cognitu quàm foemina.

[Page 154] Participia, Gerundia, Supina, Adverbia regunt ali­quando Casus eo­rum à qui­bus deri­vantur.DErivata regunt Casus quos Prima tulêrunt.

Equi molam trahentes multum ambulant, parum promovent.

Omnes desiderio tenemur audiendi nova.

Scitatum oracula profecti sunt.

Prudentis est obviam ire periculis

De Tempore.

Aliquan­do & Ac­cusativus legitur interdum Praepositi­ones usur­pantur. [QUando] quid est, Sextus tibi Casus Temporis ad sit.

Puncto temporis rerum momenta vertuntur.

Nemo omnibus horis sapit.

[QUamdiu] amat Quartos, aliquando assumere Sextos.

Nemo tam senex, quin se annum putet posse vivere.

Septem annos in Academia versatus est.

De Loco. [Ubi.]

[IN quo] pone loci proprium, Primaeve,
Ubi? Sic usur­pantur hu­mi, militiae, belli: Ser­pit humi ni­mium tu­tus: caetera appellativa, & Nomina majorum locorum, sequuntur Praepo­sitiones. Vivit in Anglia, Ad Templum ivit.
Secundae
Flexurae Patrio, Sexto sed nomina Ternae.
Propria item Sextis, si sint pluralia tantum.

Tarenti fecit Archytas ligneam Columbam volatilem.

Delphis Oracula cessant.

[AD quos] disce locos proprios componere Quar­tis.
Quò? Unde? Quà?
[A quibus] aut [per quae] loca ponas propria Sextis.

Noctuas Athenas portat.

Non cuivis contingit adire Corinthum.

Discessit Cantabrigiâ.

vel per Romam.Româ, profecturus est.

[RUs] tamen atque [Domus] propriorum ca­stra sequuntur.

  • Res angusta
    Domi non alios pati­tur geniti­vos quam meae, tuae, suae, nostrae, vestrae, ali­enae: Si alia Adjectiva addantur, aliis utendum Casibus, ut Vescor domo ampla, non amplae.
    Domi.
  • Ite Domum.
  • Reversus Domo.
  • ruri.
  • rus.
  • rure.

Adverbia.

[EN] Primo aut Quarto, quibus oblectaverit [Ecce.]

Ecce homo! En impudentiam!

Instar po­tiùs est Substan­tivum in­variabile, & signifi­cat Simili­tudinem, vel, ad similitudinem;
TEmporis at (que) loci, quantí (que) Adverbia quaedam
Arrident Patrio, sic utimur [instar] & [ergô.]

Nusquam loci tuta fides. Abunde fabu­larum.

Instar omnium. Illius ergôIllius causâ.

Conjunctiones.

Conjun­ctiones quaedam, etsi ali­quando vi­dentur se­parare, di­ctiones tamen ex sua natura conjungant: aut, ve, vel, seu, sive.COgit saepè Modos, ligat et Conjunctio Casus.

Mallem invenire bonos, quàm facere.

Ne perdas animum.

Praepositiones.Praepositio nes quae­dam post­ponuntur, figurativè, sed hae sae­pius. mecum. coelum us­que. collo tenus. scholam versus. te penes.

ISta satellitii glomerabunt agmina Quartis:
Circiter, adversum, cis, citra, adversus & extra,
Erga, apud, ante, secus, trans, supra, versus, ad, infra,
Ultra, post, praeter, propter, prope, pone, secundùm,
Per, circum, circa, contra, juxta, inter, ob, intra, usque, penes.

Ad Graecas Calendas.

Ob oculos.

Inter coenam.

SUnt Ablativo bis Sex sua vota ferentes.à, abs, sine, absque, co­ram, cum, de, è, ex, pro, prae, tenus. Tenus aliquando regit Genitivum Pluralem, cum de duobus sermo est, ut, aurium tenus.

Est Regi à poculis.

pro viribus.

ore tenus. capulo tenus.

QUinque dabunt Sexto, aut Quarto,In, sub, super, sub­ter, clam. sua vincula partes.

Sub dio.

nitimur in vetitum.

JUnctae aliis casū retinent, aliquando redundant.

Neminem praeteribis insalutatus.

Accede ad ignem.

Interjectiones.

ALloquitur quoties, fert Interjectio Quintum.

Euge Serve fidelis.

Heus bone vir.

CLamantes Recto, Quarto, Quinto (que) praeibunt.

  • Ah me miserum!
  • O puer future doctus!
  • O tristissimae noctes!

COncludunt Hei, Vae, cruciatibus atque Dativis.

  • Hei misero mihi!
  • Vae vobis!

FIGURAE aliquot usita­tiores Etymologiae & Syntaxeos.

Has (va­riis ronti­bus ex­promptas) propter concinni­tatem hic discant pu­eri; Cae­terae Rhe­toricam spectant, Vel Poeti­cen, de quâ fusius a­getur, nisi quae facta sunt, futu­ris typis malè omi­nentur. gnatus, pro natus. Prothesis apponit capiti, quod tetuli, pro tuli. Aphaeresis aufert.

jusso, pro jussero. SYncope de medio tollit, quod relligio, pro religio. Epenthesis infert.

ingeni, pro ingenii.A Pocope sinem tollit, quem dat dicier, pro dici. Paragoge.

LIterulae olli, pro illi. faciundum, pro faciendum. Antistechon erit mutatio justae.

SI sedem mutant Elementa, Thymber, pro Thymbre. Metathesis esto.

VErba secans aliud solet interponere quae mihi cunque, pro quaecunque mihi. Imesis.

SI Persona minor, genus aut indignius ullum
Concipitur digno magis, haec
ego & tu sumus. Rex & Regina mortui.
Syllepsis habetur.
Suppositis multis si Verbum serviat unum,
Aut Adjectivū, Schema istud
Hic illius arma, hic currus fuit. hircus tibi salvus, & haedi.
Zeugma vocatur.

PArtibus & supplet quod erat generale Alter in alterius jactantes lumina vultus. Prolepfis.

aperite aliquis. pars maxima caesi. Synthesis est sermo sensu, non voce cohaerens.

SI modus, aut tempus, numerus, persona, genúsve,
Vel partes ipsae mutentur,
spargere, pro spargebat.
Enallage fertur.

SI desunt aliquae voces, non est solvendo. ubi ad Dianae veneris. Ellipsis habetur.Supple idoneus vel habilis. Supple Templum Dianae.

VOcibus exuperat hisce oculis vidi. Pleonasmus, & Emphasm auget.

DIgna praeire, solet postponere mecum. transtra per. Anastrophe ver­ba.cum me, per tran­stra.

pateris libamus & auro, pro aureis pateris. HEndiadis liquefit quoties in mobile fixum.

ORdine converso submutat videt hos ortus, pro hi vident ortum. Hypallage verba.

postquam tetigit fluctus, & ad aequora venit. Hysteron est Proteron rerum praepostera sedes.Postquam venit ad [...] aequora & tetigit slu­ctus.

[Page 166] aetas, ingenium, vires, generatque, fo­vetque, necatque. Dialyton tollit nexus, Polysyndeton auget.

vel vestra est urbs, quam urbem statuo. urbem quam statuo est vestra, pro urbs quam, &c. ANtiptofis amat pro Casu ponere Casum.

abstinet irarum. Hellenismus erit cum graeca imitatio fiat.

apud vete­res verbalia in [io] re­gebant ca­sus verbo­rum.DIcitur pictaï pro pictae. Quid tibi curatio est hanc rem. Archaïsmus vox, aut constructio prisca.

Vocis & Orationis vitia.

BArbarismus erit si vox corrumpitur una:
Esto Solaecismus vitiosa oratio quaevis.
FINIS.

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