ATLAS CAELESTIS Containing the Systems and Theoryes of the Planets, the Constellations of the starrs, and other Phenomina's of the Heavens, with Necessary tables relating thereto
Collected By John Seller.
A brief Description of the several Systems, Theories, Schemes, and Tables contained in this Book. Also, a Discourse of the Celestial Bodies, the Sun and Moon, and the rest of the Planets, Fiery-Meteors, Blazing-Stars, and other Phenomena's in the Heavens.
CHAP. I.
A Description of the System of Ptolomy.
THis Systeme of the Heavens, and the Motions of the Planets, is of greater antiquity than the other Palanetary Systems, either by Copernicus, or Tycho, and is supposed by some to be more consentaneous to the Letter of the Scripture then the rest. It was first invented by one Clandius Ptolomeus, a Native of Pelusium, in his [Page 2]time the Prince of Astronomers, Astrologers, and Geographers, who lived Anno Christi 135, and wrote several Books on these Subjects.
This Systeme supposeth the Earth to be fixed as the Center of the World, and that all the Celestial-Bodies move round the same, both in their Diurnal and Annual Revolutions.
The World is supposed to be divided principally in two parts, Elemental and Celestial: The Elemental admits of four divisions.
The first is the Earth.
The second is the Water, both which makes one intire Body or Globe, whereon we dwell.
The third is the Air, encompassing the Earth.
And the fourth is the Fire, which according to the opinion of ancient Philosophers, is contained in that space between the Air and the Sphere of the Moon.
These four Elements are subject to a continual change and alteration of one into another, according to the Proverb, Omnia sublunaria mutabilia.
The Celestial part is that which is without these elementary parts, void of all changes, and is by the ancient Astronomers divided into ten Parts or Heavens.
The first of which, next to the Region of Fire, is the Heaven or Orb of the Moon.
The second of Mercury.
The third of Venus.
The fourth of the Sun.
The fifth of Mars.
The sixth of Jupiter:
The seventh of Saturn.
The eighth of the Fixed-Stars.
The ninth is called the Cristalline-Heaven.
The tenth the Primum Mobile.
The magnitude of these Heavens is known by their Courses, which those great Bodies within them makes, round the Poles of the Zodiack.
The Moon runneth through the Heavens, by her natural course from West to East in 27 Days, and 8 Hours.
Mercury in 88 Days.
Venus in 225 Days.
And the Sun in a Year, or 365 Days and 6 Hours.
Mars in two Years.
Jupiter in 12 Years.
Saturn in 30 Years.
The eighth Heaven perfects its course according to the affirmation of Tycho Brahe, in 25400 Years.
These Heavens are turned round about upon the Axis of the World by the tenth Heaven, which is the Primum Mobile, or first Mover, by which motion is caused Day and Night, and the dayly rising and setting of the Heavenly Lights.
Of the Copernican System.
THis System was contrived by one Nicholas Copernicus, a Native of Thorne in Prussia, a Cannon of the Church of Frawenburgh, the Cathedral of Wamerlandt, Scholar to Dominicus Maria, of Ferrara, to whom he was Assistant in making his Astronomical Observations at Bologna, and Professor of the Mathematicks at Rome; and had the happiness to frame this Hypothesis, which hath the general approbation of the most Learned Astronomers and Mathematicians in Christendom. He lived about the Year Anno Christi 1536, whose System and Hypothesis is thus framed.
1. That the Sun is placed in the midst of the World in or about the Center of the Sphere of the fixed Stars, and hath no Circular motion, but Central only.
2. The Primary Planets are each of them in their proper Systems moved about the Sun, and do accomplish their Periodical Revolutions most exactly in their determinate and appointed times.
3. That the Earth is one of the Planets, and with her Annual motion about the Sun, describeth her Orb in the middle, between the Orbs of Mars and Venus.
4. That the secundary Planets are ordinarily moed about the primary Planets, respecting their Bodies for their common Nodes or Centers.
5. That the secundary Planet the Moon is moved about the Earth as her Center, where by reason of the Annual motion of the Earth she hath not only relation to the Earth, but by consequence to the Sun, as the other Planets have.
6. That as the primary Planet the Earth, is invironed with the Sphere of the Moon, so are some (if not all) the other primary Planets, who have in like manner their Moons or Concomitants encompassing them: As Jupiter his Satellities, or Circum-Jovials, and Saturn his Ring. With some other Stars lately observed by some of our vigilant and accurate Astronomers, both in England and elsewhere.
Polus Borea [...]
SPATIUM ETHEREUM
Solaris Aequator
SPATIUM ETHEREUM
Polus Aus [...]s
[...] Glob [...] [...] Aequator Solaris B. [...].C. Sp [...]t [...]m Solis boreale. H.G.I. Spac [...]m [...] Spacium Solis torridum A Pute [...] [...] L.M.N.O. etc. Evaporationes una et macularum Or [...]
The order and motion of the Planets in the Copernican System; wherein is shewed the proportion of the Planetary Orbs, according to the latest and most approved Experiments of Learned Astronomers, with some remarkable Observations of the most eminent Phenomena's in the Planetary motions happening therein.
Of the Sun.
THe Sun who is Fons lucis, oculus & anima Mundi, the Fountain of pure Light, the Eye and Soul of the World, is placed in the middle and center of the Planetary Systems, and is far greater than any of the Planets that move about him.
He performs a revolution upon his proper Axis, in 26 Days, or thereabouts, as Telescope-Observations testify by several remarkable spots that appear in his Body, by virtue whereof (saith the Learned Kepler) all the Planets are carried about the Sun in their several Orbs, and seems to be forced about by the Central motions of that great Body in the middle of their Vortex.
And hence it is, that according to the diversity and appearance of his rising and setting, and obliquation, he divideth the Seasons of the Year, and causeth an interchangeable course and vicissitude of Day and Night.
Of Mercury.
The first primary Planet above the Sun is Mercury, [Page 6]who performs his course in his Elipsis, in 88 Days.
His proper Diurnal motion is 4 Deg. 5 Min. 12 Seconds, the Circuit of his Sphere is 12059773 Miles; so that he wheels in a Day 137040 Miles, and in an Hour 5710 Miles, and in a Min. 91 Miles.
The Body of Mercury is less than the Earth 3000 times, his greatest elongation from the Sun in respect of the Earths position is sometimes but 17 Deg. and never fully 19 Deg. so that he is seldom seen of us.
Of Venus.
Next above Mercury is the Orb and glittering Star of Venus, who maketh her Periodical Revolution in her Elipsis about the Body of the Sun, in 224 Days.
It is from the Sun to the Sphere of Venus 3636104 Miles; hence the Circuit of her Sphere is 22855911 Miles.
Her mean Diurnal motion is 1 Deg. 36 Min. 8 Seconds; so that she moveth in a Day 101712 Miles, in an an Hour 4238 Miles, and in a Min. 70 Miles: She is lesser than the Earth 147 times, and yet in respect of her vicinity to the Earth (in the lower part of her Orb) she appears much brighter than any Star in the whole Firmament, the Sun and Moon excepted, insomuch that she hath been often seen in the day time, as at the Birth of His Majesty K. Charles the 2d. When she is a morning Star, rising before the Sun, she is called Lucifer, but when an evening Star, Vesperus.
Her greatest elongation from the Sun (as it is beheld from the Earth) is but 45 Deg. and never 48 Deg.
Of the Earth.
In the middle of all Planets is the Earth (which [Page 7]according to the System of Copernicus) being plac'd between the Orbs of Mars and Venus, accomplisheth her Revolution in 365 Days, 5 Hours, and 59 Min.
It is from the Sun to the Body of the Earth 5021896 Miles, the Circuit of her Sphere is 31560207 Miles, her Diurnal motion 39 Min. 8 Seconds.
Therefore the Center of the Earth is transferr'd in a Day 86418 Miles, in an hour 5600 Miles, and in a Min. 60 Miles.
The Body of the Earth is less than the Earth 333 times, and greater than the Moon 45 times. A Degree of a great Circle upon the Earths Superficies is commonly reputed 60 Miles, but by Mr. Norwood's Experiment is found to be 69 Miles.
And according to the first computation, the Diameter of the Earth is 6872 miles, its Semidiameter 3436 miles.
The circuit of compass of the Earth and Water containeth 21600 Miles.
In the Superficies of the Earth is contained 148490906 Square Miles.
The whole crassitude or Body of the Earth and Waters containeth 510131305785 Cubical Miles.
Of Mars.
Next above the Earth is the Planet Mars, who performs his Revolution about the Sun in one Year, 321 Days, 22 Hours, and 20 Min. It is from the Sun to the Body of Mars 7635292 Miles.
The Circuit of the Sphere of Mars, is 47993264 Miles, and his Diurnal motion 31 Min. 27 Seconds; so that he wheeleth in a Day 69842 Miles, in an Hour 2910 Miles, and in a Min. 48 Miles and a half.
The Body of Mars is less than the Earth 146 times, [Page 8] Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn (contrary to the inferior Planets) being placed without the Perimeter of the Earths Orb, are sometimes in Conjunction with the Sun, and sometimes in Quadtature and Opposition, which cannot be in Venus and Mercury, in regard their Orbs are included within the Earths Elipfis.
Of Jupiter.
Next above Mars is Jupiter, who runs his Course in 11 Aegyptian Years, 315 Days, 14 Hours, and 30 Min.
It is from the Sun to Jupiter 26179152 Miles. The Circuit of the Sphere of Jupiter is 164554670 Miles, and his Diurnal motion about the Sun is 4 Min. 59 s.
Hence he wheeleth every Day 17996 Miles, every Hour 1583 Miles, and every Min. 26 Miles. He is less than the Earth one time.
About his Body (respecting it as their Center) move four small bright Stars, call'd the Satellities, or Circum-Jovials, who continually move round his Body, and are seen only by a good Telescope.
Of Saturn.
Saturn is the highest Planet in the Planetary System, and slowest in motion, insomuch that he performeth but one Revolution about the Sun in 29 Aegyptian Years, 162 Days, 1 Hour, 58 Min.
It is from the Sun to Saturn 47833576 Miles. The Circuit of his Sphere is 300668192 Miles. His proper daily motion is a Min. o Seconds.
Therefore he wheeleth in a Day 15959 Miles, in an Hour 1498 Miles, and in a Min. 25 Miles.
CANCE. LEO. VIRGO. LIBRA. SCORP SAGIT: CAPRI. AQUAR. PISCIS. ARIE TAURU. GEMINI
He is once bigger than the Earth; about his Body is a bright flat Ring which encompasseth him about.
Of the Moon.
The Moon is a secondary Planet, and retains the Earth for her Center, about which she performs her Revolution in 27 Days, 7 Hours, 43 Min.
It is from the Center of the Earth to the Moon 203236 Miles.
The Circumference of her Sphere is 1277483 Miles, her Diurnal motion is 13 Deg. 10 Min. 35 Seconds.
So she wheeleth about in a Day 46757 Miles, in an Hour 1948 Miles, and in a Min. 30 Miles and a half.
She is less than the Sun 15924 times, and less than the Earth 45 times.
Of the Tychonean System.
THis System was invented by the Illustrious Tycho Brahe, a Nobleman of Denmark, Lord of Knudsthorp, in the Island of Schonen, not far from Elsenbourg, who was the most diligent and exquisive Observator in his time, who framed this Hypothesis, as a mean between Ptolemy and Copernicus. He made a happy beginning, and glorious progress in the restauration of Astronomy, wherein he did rectify the motions of the Sun, Moon, and the fixed Stars, which appeared in that Horizon wherein he lived. In his Hypothesis, he supposeth that Mercury, Venus, and all the other Planets (except the Moon) in their motion, respect the Sun as their Center; so that Saturn in opposition to the Sun is nearer to the Earth than Venus in Apogeon, and that Mars in opposition to the Sun is neater to the Earth than the Sun it self, [Page 10]as may appear by inspection from the Hypothesis it self.
CHAP. II. A Description of the several Natures, Qualities, and Substances of the Planets.
Of the Sun.
WHose nature and substance by a probable conjecture, is supposed to be no other than a formal fiery Body, consisting of a true proper elementary Fire, partly liquid, and partly solid: The liquid being an Ocean of Light, moving with fiery Billows, and flaming Ebullitions, as is manifest to those that look upon it through a Telescope: The solid parts being like our Terraqueous-Globe, divided into Continents, Islands, Mountains, Rocks, that thereby the vehement motion exestuating Solar-Ocean might be restrained, and therefore may probably conceive, that the Solar-Globe is as this Earth of ours, hollowed with vast Subterraneous Caverns, and Receptacles of Fire, which break forth of the Solar, Ignivomous Mountains, in the same manner as we find our Subterranean-Fires to break out of Aetna, Hecla, and Vesuvius; and it is in all appearance as probable, that the solid parts of the Sun, within which the fluid and liquid Fire is contained, are as Mettal in a Furnace. It is also evident, that the splendor as well of the fluid as the solid Fire of the Solar-Globe, is far more bright than our earthly Fire or Flame, as you may see in the Map.
The Maculae or Spots that are seen in the Body of the Sun, are certain cloudy obscurities appearing upon his Disque. Their shapes and figures are of unequal form, and most irregular, which argues them not to be Stars or Planets moving about his Body. They have a motion from the Oriental part of the Suns Disque, to the Occidental, which course they ordinarily finish within the space of 13 Days, more or less according to their greater or lesser Latitude: for they make their motion as it were in a Zodiack of about 60 Degrees broad, by the observation of which spots, it is found that the Sun hath a motion upon its own Axis from East to West, which conversion is finished in 27 Days, or thereabouts.
| The Suns true Diameter contains | Its Circumference contains | The Area of its greatest Circle contains | Its common Superficies contains | Its solidity contains |
| 5 ½ Simple Diameters of the Earth. | 17 2/7 Simple Diameters of the Earth. | 20 : 00 Square Diameters of the Earth. | 134 - 0 Square Diameters of the Earth. | 166 : [...] The solidity of the Earth. |
Of the Moon.
The Moon is the nearest to us of all the Planets in this our elementary Sphere, it being a dark and opacous Body, altogether deprived of innate or proper Light, evident in its total Eclipses, wherein she altogether loseth her lustre. Hence may be inferred, that she hath her light from the Sun, and as she is opacous, so she is a dense Body, apt to receive and reflect the Suns light.
The Body of the Moon appears to be full of Eminencies and Depressions, like our Hills and Valleys, apparent to the sence by the help of the Telescope, which spots and excressencies varying their scituation and magnitude, according to the divers access or recess of the Sun, to which their fite is always opposite thence, evidencing to be the shadows and elucidations of the most eminent parts of the Moons-Globe, resembling our Alps, Hills, and Mountains; from whence may be concluded, that the brighter and more splendid parts of the Moon to be those that are more dense, solid, and opacous, like our Earth, in regard they reflect a greater portion of light than the obscurer parts to reflect a less light, and therefore supposed to be pellucid, and diaphonous, agreeable to our Ocean, Seas, Lakes, and Rivers, from whence it may be inferred, that the Moon is composed of solid and liquid parts, as this our Terraqueous-Globe in which we inhabit; and therefore hath been conceived by most Astronomers, as well Ancient as Modern, that the Moon is as it were another Earth.
The spots that appear in the Body of the Moon are distinguish'd into ancient and new.
The ancient are those greater and larger spots, at [Page] [Page]
[Page] [Page 13]all times discernable, without the help of a Telescope, resembling large Seas, Lakes, and Bays.
The new ones are those lesser spots, which are not discernable, but by the help of a Telescope, which are various, differing in magnitude, scituation, colour, &c. observed with exactness, described by sundry eminent, modern Astronomers, Hevelius, and Langrenus, &c. some of whom have imposed names and appellations upon the several eminencies that appear upon her Body, for the better knowledge of them, being of great use and advantage to all Students in Astronomy, and very necessary in the making of Observations: As also in Eclipses, for the better determining the quantity of an Eclipse of the Moon. And according to this forementioned Hypothesis, of the light parts representing the Land, and the darker parts the Seas, these two Maps in this Book are made both for its natural appearance, as well as the artificial representations, both taken from those of Hevelius's Observations; who hath also given names to the eminent parts of the Moon, having described and distinguished them by Geographical marks and denominations, tranferring to them names proper to our Terrestrial-Continents, Promontories, Mountains, Islands, Seas, Lakes, &c. as may be seen at large in his Book called, Selenography. And in the Sphere of Manilius, by Edward Sherborn Esquire.
| In Opposition or Conjunction | |||||
| Distance from the Center of the Earth. | Horizontal Parallax. | ||||
| Apog. | Med. | Perig. | Apog. | Med. | Perig. |
| 59::0 Semid. | 56:28 Semid. | 54:0 Semid. | 58′:22″ | 58′:16″ | 62′:20″ |
| In its Quadratures. | |||||
| Distance from the Center of the Earth. | Horizontal Parallax. | ||||
| Apog. | Med. | Perig. | Apog. | Med. | Perig. |
| 59-0 Semid. | 56.28 Semid. | 54 0 Semid. | 58′.22″ | 60′.53″ | 63′.41″ |
| In Opposition, Conjunction, or Quartile Aspect. | Apparent Diameters of the Moon. | |
| Apog. | Perig. | |
| In ☌ and ☍ | 30′—0″ | 34′—10″ |
| In □. | 32′—32″ | 36′—00″ |
| The true Diamers of the Sun, and Moon, unto that of the Earth, supposed to be 100. | The Solidity of the Moon to the | |||
| Sun | Earth | Moon | Earth | Sun |
| 25 7/16 | 100 | 1500 | as to 1.59 | as to 1.204671 |
Of Mercury.
The Figure of Mercury is orbicular, or round, not Mathematically, but Physically such, rising here and there with exuberating Hills, and Mountains; in the same manner as this earthly Globe of ours, being an opacous Body, and receiving its illumination from the Sun; whence at several times, it is seen under several faces and appearances. He appears in a figure like that of the New Moon when he is Retrograde and approaching to an Opposition to the Sun. There are likewise observed in him several spots, successively following one another, some light, some duskish, which light spots are by Kereherus conceived to be the said Terrestrial and Mountanous parts thereof, which by their successive motion, likewise evince, that he hath a Rotation upon his own Axis, determined within the space of 6 Hours, or thereabouts.
Of Venus.
The most illustrious of all the lesser Planets is Venus, and from the remarks made by the Ancients, [Page 16]these are some that follow. First, She is observed to precede the Sun rising in the Morning before him: sometimes to follow the Sun in setting after him; and sometimes in Conjunction with the Sun; and other times receding from him; and sometimes to differ in magnitude, being greater or lesser, whence they concluded her sometimes to approach nearer to the Earth, and to be in Perigeo, and other times to recede further from it, and to be in Apogeo.
Besides these Observations of the Ancients, Modern Astronomers, by the help of the Telescope, have noted several other signal Phenomena's, as that she is liable to the same variety of changes as the Moon, sometimes almost full, and at other times gibbous, and now and then horned, as well when she is Vepertine as Matutine. She is sometimes seen by day, as is before noted. Of the structure, nature, and substance of this Planet, from the forementioned Phenomena, it may be concluded to be an opacous Body, and hath its light from the Sun, that it is of a Spherical form, because spherically illummated. It is of a rough and uneven Superficies, as appears by Telescopical Observations. It is made up of solid and liquid matter, as our Terraqueous Globe, and is found to have a Rotation upon its own Axis and Center, which it compleats within the space of 14 Hours.
Of Mars.
Although this Planet of all the rest is the most inobservable, (as both Pliny and Kepler affirms) yet not been able to ly hid from the subtile discoveries of Astronomical Spies, as the ingenious Esq Sherborn says; He is observed to move in a large Orbit about the Sun, as the Center of its motion, within which [Page 17]Circle he includes the Earth with the Moon, Mercury, and Venus, and takes up a great part of the Solar Region; and when he is in Perigeum, he comes to the Earth, then the Sun and the notable increase of his light, by reason of which he is taken for a Comet or new Star.
As to his Figure, it is Spherical, and by some hath been observed with a black spot on the middle of his Body. Monsieur Hugens in the Year 1656, observed a broad obscure Zone or Belt to shadow half the Disque of the said Planet. His light is derived from the Sun, as that of the Moon, as to the structure and nature of his Globe composed of solid and liquid matter.
Of Jupiter.
The Planet Jupiter is one of the most noted and beneficent Planets, He is carried in an Orbit above Mars, as is manifest by the mutual Conjunctions of those Planets, at which time he is obscured and hidden from our sight by the interposition of Mars, as the Sun is by that of the Moons Body.
Ricciolus reports in the Year 1643, that be observed the edges and margins of his Globe to be rough and uneven, rising like Hills and Mountains, are discovered in his Body by help of an excellent Telescope, two small spots and two great ones, like hollow Caverns, one round, and the other oval. Hevelius also affirms, that the face of Jupiter is variegated with spots, in a manner like that of the Moon, but it is manifest by frequent Observations that there is a Belt (as it were) encompassing the Disque of the Planet; and this also admits of great varieties in appearance, this Belt not appearing always straight but bending, with its convexity upwards, and sometimes [Page 18]downwards, evident marks of the Motion and Rotation of the Planet upon its own Center. As to the structure of his Globe, it may be concluded as with the rest of the Planets, to be composed of solid and liquid parts; and although his Body is Physically round, yet it is full of uneven Asperities, having a motion upon its own Center finished in 11 Days, 20 Hours, 1 Min. 15 Seconds, and that its Zones or Belts are solid parts, less capable of receiving light than the rest of the solid or liquid parts are.
Of the Satellites of Jupiter.
The Satellites are four Stars so called, moving about the Body of Jupiter as his Guards, discovered first in Italy, by Galieleus, in the Year 1610. In Germany by Simon Marius, by means of a Telescope, without which, by reason of Jupiter's splendor, and their small distance from him (none of them receding above 12 Degrees from his Body) they are not to be discerned, and therefore altogether unknown to the Ancients. These by Galleleus (their first Dis [...]er) were called Sidera Medicaea. The first next J [...]piter [...]e call'd Cosmos minor; the next Cosmos m [...]yor; the third Maria Medicaea; the fourth Katherina Medicaea. Simon Marius giving to the innermost, the name of Jovial Mercury; the next Venus; to the third Jupiter; to the fourth Saturn. But Jo. Baptista Hodie [...]na, who first of all published Ephemerides of the motions of the said Stars, names the inmost (from the young Prince of Tuscany) Principharus; the second (from Victoria Dutchess to the Grand Duke) Victripharus; the third (from Cosmos the first Duke of Florence) Cosmipharus; the last (from Ferd [...]nand the late Duke) Fernandipharus.
The greatest Digressions from the Body of Jupiter, computed in Semidiameters of the same, are as followeth.
| Satellites. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 3.0 Sem. | 5.0 Sem. | 8.0 Sem. | 12.0 Sem. |
| Sat. | Days. | Hours | Min. | Sec. |
| 1 | 1 | 18 | 28 | 00 |
| 2 | 3 | 13 | 18 | 0 |
| 3 | 7 | 3 | 57 | 0 |
| 4 | 16 | 18 | 9 | 0 |
| 1 | Diurnal. | Horary. | ||||
| 1 | 203 Gr. | 25′ | 0″ | 8 Gr. | 28′ | 30″ |
| 2 | 101 Gr. | 17′ | 22″ | 4 Gr. | 13′ | 0″ |
| 3 | 50 Gr. | 14′ | 57″ | 2 Gr. | 6′ | 30″ |
| 4 | 21 Gr. | 28′ | 48″ | 0 Gr. | 53′ | 42″ |
Of Saturn.
The highest, and of all the Primary Planets (hitherto known) the most remote from the Earth, runs his course above all the rest, and beneath the fixed Stars, and hath little or no Parallax, nor are there any of the fixed Stars or Planets that afford to the observing Eye, by means of the Telescope, such strange and admirable Phenomena.
The chiefest, and most worthy of note, are three.
First, That he appears girdled about with a flat Ring of Light.
Secondly, That he hath several lesser Planets, like the Circum-Jovials, moving about his Body.
Thirdly, That his Figure appears variously and incredibly diversified, being sometimes beheld in a round form, at other times represented with two Rundles on each side, which at other times alter their Figure, and appear like certain Handles or Ears, like a two ear'd Porringer.
Monsieur Hugens, by his Observations of this Planet, hath noted, that the said Ring about the Body of Saturn is every way alike distant from it, the plane whereof always keeps in a certain and constant inclination to the Ecliptick, appearing according to its diversity of Aspect, as you may see more plainly in the System of Saturn in this Book.
There is also several other Stars, one discovered about his Body by Hevelius at Dantzack, by Sir Paul Neal, and Sir Christopher Wren, here in in England.
And two others discovered by Signior Cossini in the Royal Parisian Observatory, the one nearer to his Body than the Hugen [...]an, the other removed [Page] [Page]
☉
Maculae
☾
♄
A [...]s [...]
♄
Ans [...]
♃
Satelit [...]s
♂
♀
☿
[Page 21]further from him than that. The Revolution of which Interiour Planet he found to be compleated in four Days and a half, the Exterior in something more than 80 Days.
This Planet (as the rest) may be probably concluded to be composed of solid and liquid matter, of a Leaden temper and colour; that it is Spherical, but withall full of uneven Asperities, and that it is an opacous Body, and illuminated ab extra, and although the Suns light may approach it, yet it is not sufficient to give a requisite lustre to so great and so distant a Body, but must have doubtless the assistance of some light from some other Fountain. He hath a motion upon his own Center, performed in 29 days 10 hours, 1′ 16″.
| Names of the Planets. | Planets dist. from the Earth | Apparent Diameters. | True Diameters. | Circumf. of their Disque. |
| Sol | 5176 Sem. Ter. | 31 Min.: 54 Sec. | 41150 Mil. Ger. | 129300 Mil. Ger. |
| Luna | 59 Sem. Ter. | 30 Min.: 00 Sec. | 442 Mil. Ger. | 1389 Mil. Ger. |
| Saturnus | 49040 Sem. Ter. | 00 Min.: 16 Sec. | 3362 Mil. Ger. | 7945 Mil. Ger. |
| Jupiter | 26815 Sem. Ter. | 00 Min.: 18 Sec. | 2054 Mil. Ger. | 6455 Mil. Ger. |
| Mars | 7855 Sem. Ter. | 00 Min.: 05 Sec. | 160 Mil. Ger. | 503 Mil. Ger. |
| Venus | 5157 Sem. Ter. | 00 Min.: 17 Sec. | 360 Mil. Ger. | 1131 Mil. Ger. |
| Mercurius | 5157 Sem. Ter. | 00 Min.: 06 Sec. | 130 Mil. Ger. | 490 Mil. Ger. |
CHAP. III. A brief Description of Fiery-Meteors, and Comets.
AS for fiery-Meteors, their place and generation is in the upper, lower, and in the middle Region of the Air, and are Draco Volans, Ignis Fatuus, Ignis Lambens, Sidus Helenae, these have their birth in the lower Region: Those who are in the middle Region, are Stella Cadens, Lancea Ardens, Fulmen, &c. And in the upper Region of the Air, are reckoned Fax, Ignis Perpendicularis, Bolis, Capra Saltans, &c. all which arise from Vapours and Exhalations which the Earth continually expires and diffuses round about through its ambient Atmosphere.
Of Comets.
As concerning the matter, place, and efficient cause of Comets, Astronomers and Philosophers both Ancient and Modern, do much differ in their opinions, some will have them not to be any thing real or distinct from other pre-existant Celestial Bodies, but rather a meer appearance made by the reflection or refraction of the Suns Beams.
Others are of opinion that they are fiery-Meteors generated of copious e [...]halations from the Earth and Sea, and elevated to the supreme Region of the Air, and hurried about by the swift motion of the Primum [Page 23]Mobile, and take fire, and last as long as the sulphery, unctuous, fat matter of which they consist, affords them Fuel to burn or shine.
Others are of opinion, that Comets, if not all, yet for the most part are created by God of nothing, or at least formed of such matter as best pleaseth him, whether Celestial or Elementary, and of such shape and figure as may serve to terrifie or admonish Mankind, and presignify Calamities to ensue.
Of the Tail, Train, or Bush of the Comets.
Aristotle and his followers asserts the Bush or Train of a Comet to be an Exhalation set on fire, and diversified according to the divers disposition of the matter that feeds its flame.
Petrus Apianus makes the Bush of the Comet to be nothing else but the Rays of the Sun, transmitted through the semidiaphonous head thereof, as it were through a Globe of Glass.
Kepler is of opinion, that the Tail of a Comet is only enlightened by the Suns Beams passing through the Body of the Comet, which he imagins to be purely pellucid, vet dense withall.
Galleleus supposes the Tail of a Comet to be of its own nature, straight, as being produced by the Suns Beams, but appears to us to be crooked, when near the Horizon, and inclined thereunto, by reason of the refraction of the Species, or of the visual Rays made in the Spherical Superficies of the Air, which near the Earth, is filled with gross vapours.
Of the different shapes, and forms of Comets, and their Tails.
Some resembling the form of a round Dish, or Platter: Of this kind the chief is called Rosa, and is of a bright shining Silver colour, mixed with Gold or Amber; and some of this sort that are not perfectly round resembling the form of a Shield.
Others resembles the form of a Tun, of which there are of divers kinds; some of an Oval figure; some like a Barrel set on one end; fome inclining and cut short off.
Others resembles a Horses Main, not always of the same shape or figure. Of these Pliny saith, are very swift of motion, and turneth round about it self.
Others resembling burning Lamps or Torches, and are of several shapes; sometimes their flame or blaze carried upward like a Sword.
And some are formed like a Dart or Javelin.
And some like a Cimitar with a Hilt.
And some like a Lance, with its Stream of light, very long, thin, and pointed.
Others whose Heads are for the most part Quadrangular, having a long Train, very thick and uniform; all these will better appear by the several Schemes hereunto annexed, bearing these several Appellations, 1. Rosa. 2. Pitheus sive Doli-formis. 3. Hippeus seu Equinus. 4. Auricomus sive Argenticomus. 5. Hircus. 6. Lampadias. 7. Ceratia. 8. Ancontiae. 9. Xiphias. 10. Lonchites seu Hasti-formis. 11. Veruseu Pectica. 12. Trigonus se [...] Quadratus.
1 Solaris [...]ire Rosa | 2 [...]iformis | 3 Ch [...]ciformis | 4 Chy [...] ardr [...]. |
5 Do [...]formis [...]tu [...] | 6 D [...]lu [...]. | 7 Do [...]iformis candatus | |
8 E [...]quin [...]s barbatu [...] | 9 E [...]quin [...] qu [...] a [...]l [...] | 10 Eq [...] E [...] | |
11 L [...]diformis | 12 L [...]for [...] | 13 L [...]p [...]formis | |
14 H [...] [...] | 15 [...] | 16 Bar [...] | |
17 C [...]ifor [...] Lunat [...] | 18 C [...]r [...]formi [...] | ||
19 Cornatus [...]icu [...]datu [...] | |||
20 Curvatus Dir [...]catus | |||
21 Tubiformis | |||
22 Ia [...]uliformis Lunatus | |||
23 Iac [...] formis L [...]icus | |||
24 Iac [...] formis rotundu [...] | |||
25 E [...]ifor [...] | |||
26 En [...]iformis | |||
27 En [...]iformis | |||
28 En [...]iformis incuvatu [...] | |||
30 Ha [...]formi [...] | |||
20 En [...]iformi [...] | |||
31 Hastiformis | |||
32 V [...]r [...] | |||
33 T [...]ica bifurcata | |||
34 Cometa quadrat [...] | |||
35 Coniformi [...] | |||
30 Cometa T [...]yramidatu [...] | |||
37 Cometa [...] | |||
38 Cometa M [...]trif [...]r [...] | |||
30 Cometa M [...] | |||
An account of these splendid Enigma's (viz. the Comets) that have appeared to the World, since the Year of our Lord 1600, unto the Year 1679.
IN the Year 1607 appeared a Comet on the 26 Day of September, and lasted until the 5th of November, seen in the Evening about seven of the Clock, and from thence all night. It appeared under the Great Bear, a little higher than the Star which is toward the Square, in the 30 Degree of Leo, and 36 Deg. of North Latitude, its Parallax not exceeding 3 Deg. and consequent its place was in the highest Heaven or Aether. It moved in direct motion from the former Foot of the Great Bear under its Belly, passing by the midst of Bootes, and struck the Serpent coming under the Hand of Ophucus, arrived at his foremost Foot, and stayed in his Leg. The Orbit in which it was carried, seemed to be a greater Circle, at last bowed toward the Ecliptick.
Its Head was not of an equal roundness, but here and there exuberating. Its apparent magnitude greater than any of the fixed Stars, or Jupiter. Its light was pale, and waterish, like that of the Moon. Its Tail was somewhat long and thick, projected with some little deviation against that part of the Heaven opposite to the Sun. It appeared like a flaming Lance or Sword, 7 Degrees in length.
The Effects that followed this Comet. The Duke of Lorrain died. A great War between the Swedes and Danes.
In the Year 1618, the 25th of August appeared a Comet, and lasted until the 24th of January next following, in all 60 Days, appearing about three of the Clock before Sun rising, a little beneath the left Fore-foot of Ʋrsa major, inclining toward the Head of Leo, in the 10 Deg. of the said Sign, and in 22 Deg. of North Latitude. It appeared (by the help of the Telescope) to be Hairy, its light not clear, shining but duskish, its magnitude like that of Venus, its colour palish. It run from Scorpio to the middle of Cancer, above one third part of the Heavens, at first Southern, at last Northern. Its Tail was like that of an Estridge bowed, in length 45 Degrees. In Persia it was observed to be like a Cemitar. Its apparent, as well as its true magnitude, was various and unconstant.
The Effects that followed this Comet, was, The death of the Emperor Matthias. Ann Queen of England died, and the Empress of Germany also about this time. Many eminent mutations in all parts of Europe succeeded this Comet.
In the Year 1647, there appeared a Comet on the 29th of November, lasted but two Days, seen in the Evening at half an Hour past eight, in the Constellation of Coma Berenices, not quite 5 Degrees from the left Leg of Bootes, about 10 Deg. from Arcturus, in the eighth Degree of Libra, in 26 Deg. of North Latitude. Its motion contrary to the Series of Signs, viz. From the Head of Bootes toward the Ecliptick, and Spica Virginis. It was something less in appearance than Arcturus, but sufficiently bright and splendid. Its Tail was erected upwards towards the Zenith, in length 12 Degrees, like to a Broom.
In the Year 1652, there appeared a Comet on the 20th of December, it lasted while the 10th of January, appearing about 6 of the Clock in the Evening, in 9 Deg. of Gemini, and 31 Deg. of South Latitude, not far from Rigal, in the left Foot of Orian. Its motion was constantly Retrograde from South to North, by the Hare, foot of Orion, to the Pleiades, and from thence as for as Ferseus. Its Head was round, and little less than the Moon; its light pale and dull, overcast by a thin Cloud; its magnitude was not always the same. Its Tail at first appeared Eastward opposite from the Sun, resembling a sharp-pointed Cone, in length 7 Degrees, of a whitish but obscure colour. About the 7th of January it quite lost its thin Rays, like Hairs; its Tail increased, being at first 3440, at last 165000 German Miles.
In the Year 1661, there appeared a Comet on the third of February, it lasted 53 Days, seen in the Morning 47 Min. after 5 of the Clock, Eastward beneath the Dolphin, between the Eagles-Head and that of the lesser Horse in 10 Deg. of Aquarius, 22 Deg. of North Latitude, in the very Aether or highest Heaven, at first two thousand, at last 9000 Semidiameters of the Earth distant from it, and consequently according to the opinion of Hevelius higher than the Sun it self. Its course was from East to West by the Head, Neck, and nether Wing of Aquila, in a Line almost parallel to the Ecliptick. Its Head was round, and of a yellowish colour, clear and conspicuous. Its Tail extended about 6 Degrees in length toward the Dolphin, narrower where it joined to the Head, pointing to that part of Heaven opposite to the Sun, but with some kind of deflection.
In the Year 1664, there appeared a Comet on the 14th of December, it lasted about three Months, seen at first in the Morning about five of the Clock, afterwards in the Evening, near the Beak of the Crow, in 8 Deg. or Libra, and 22 Deg. of South Latitude. In the highest Aether its Parallax at the beginning 59″, in the middle 4′, and in the end 16″, so that at first it was 3500, then 1000, and at least 120000 Semidiameters of the Earth distant from the Terrestrial Globe, and higher than Mars. Its motion was Retrograde from Corvus by Hydra, Argus, Canis major, Hare, Eridanus, and Whales-Head unto Aries, its course somewhat deflecting from a great Circle, it ran through more than five Signs of the Zodiack, viz. Libra, Virgo, Leo, Cancer, Gemini, Taurus, even unto Aries, and in its Progress ran 154 Degrees. Its Head was very conspicuous, somewhat yellow, in the midst thereof was discern'd a clear light surrounded with another more obscure. Its Tail extended 14 Deg. in length, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter, always extended to that part of Heaven opposite to the Sun, yet with some deviation, sometimes Northward, sometimes Southward. Towards its end it was sometimes quite lost, and then again recovered.
In the Year 1665, there appeared a Comet on the sixth of April, lasted 14 Days, seen in the Morning half an hour after one, in the Breast of Pegasus, in 15 Deg. of Pisces, and 27 Deg. of North Latitude; Its Parallax at the beginning was found to be 69″, which decreased successive to 41″, whence its distance from the Earth then 3000 Semidiameters of the same, towards the end 5000, consequently 60 times higher [Page] [Page]
Cometa 1577 Dic 13. Nov a Ty [...]ho [...]e Observ:
Cometa 1590
Cometa 1607
Cometa 1618 Dic. 1 Dec
Cometa 1647
Cometa 1652
Cometa 1672
Cometa 1661
Cometa 1664. 1665.
Cometa 1677
[Page] [Page 29]than the Moon at first, and at last equal to the height of the Sun it self. Its progress was by Pegasus, under the Head of Andromeda, by the Northern Fish, as far as unto Aries, in a motion continually direct. At the beginning it ran through in one Day, 4 Deg. 6 Minutes, and at last 2 Deg. 23 Minutes. Its Head was round of a yellowish colour, it's light, quick, and bright; in the very middle was a Nocleus of a conspicuous magnitude, of a Gold colour, encompassed equally about with another thinner kind of matter. The apparent Diameter of the Head, wa s 6 Min. Its Tail at the beginning extended almost 17 Deg. in length, projected between the Mouth and the foremost Foot of Pegasus Westward: Where it issued from the Head it was thick and lucid, and of the same dense matter with that of the Head, but toward the end or Cuspis more thin and dilute. It stretched sometimes in length to 25 Deg. streaming to the part opposed to the Sun, yet with some little deviation Southward.
In the Year 1668, there appeared a Comet the 5th and 10th of March, observed by Signtor Cassini, at Bologna. About the first Hour of the Night (after the Italian Computation) the Head or Body was not seen, being hid under the Horizon. The Tail was of a stupendious length, being extended (as it appeared at Lisbon in Portugal) over almost the fourth part of the Visible Heaven from West to East, from the Whale through Eridanus to the Star that precedes the Ear of Lupus.
In the Year 1672, there appeared a Comet on the second of March, lasted till about the end of April, (as Signtor Cassins computed) seen both Mornings [Page 30]and Evenings, at first between the Head of Medusa and the Pleiades, aftewards having continued its course towards the Root of the Southern-Horn of Taurus, and having passed the Ecliptick, went on above the top of Orion's Head to the Milky way. Its greatest declination from the Equator Northward, was 38 Deg. and a half. He made 2 Deg. 32 of motion in one Day. In the great Circle of its apparent motion, its Head appeared in the Telescope almost round. The Tail was almost imperceptible, and appeared of the length of two Diameters of the Head, or thereabouts, not above 3 or 4 Min. of a Degree.
In the Year 1677, there appeared a Comet, which rose on the 21 of April, about 2 in the Morning, near N. E. by N. It had a short bushy Tail about 5 Degrees in length, (to appearance about 2. Yards) pointing towards the right Foot of Andromeda. The Head of the Comet was of a pale colour, as big as a Star of the first Magnitude, and was in the Longitude of 11o of Taurus, and in the Latitude 18 Deg. No. On the 23 of April the same Comet rose after 2 in the Morning, the Tail streaming towards the Star, in the Knee of Cassiopaea, and being in Longitude 15 Degrees of Taurus, and in Latitude 17 Degrees Notherly.
Of the fixed Stars.
THese Stars are said to be fixed, because they always keep (at least seemingly) the same invariable distance from one another, and from the Ecliptick, as if they were so many Studs of Gold [Page] [Page]
Iaunuary February March April May Iune Iuly August September October November December
Cepheus
Cassiopeia
Perseus
Aur [...]a
Ʋrsa Major
Ʋrsa Minor
Draco
[Page] [Page 31]fixed in the Crystal Firmament, and for this reason Ricciolus conceives, the multitude of the fixed Stars (as it were an Army drawn up in Battel Array) mightfitly be called the Militia of Heaven, and the enquiries touching these glorious and splendid Bodies under these following Heads,
- First, Their Substance.
- Secondly, Their Light, Colour, and Scintillation.
- Thirdly, Their Number.
- Fourthly, Their Figure.
- Fifthly, Their Magnitude.
- Sixthly, Their Place and Distance from the Earth, or rather the Sun.
Of their Substance.
As to their Substance, the opinions of the Ancients are various: Some hold them to be of a fiery nature, others hold them to be Earthly, yet withall fiery; others conceive them to be composed of the same matter as Exhalations and Vapours, and consequently to consist of a substance, partly Aqueous, partly Aireal. But according to the Sentiments of divers Eminent Modern Philosophers and Astronomers, supposeth that their Bodies are compound and not simple, made up of Elementary matter, formed into fiery Globes, and consisting of matter both solid and liquid, as this Terraqueous-Globe of ours, and consequently subject to corruption and alteration.
Of their Light.
As to their Light, that which is to be considered is, [Page 32]whether it be innate or borrowed of the Sun: the latter of which is maintained by Albitegnius, and by divers other Philosophers and Astronomers, and may reasonably be supposed that each of the fixed Stars to be a head or distinct part of the Mundan-system; and as the Sun hath several Planets constituted and carried about him, so likewise every one of the fixed Stars hath other Mundan-Bodies, like Planets, disposed and moving about them, though not to be discerned by us, by reason of their great distance from our Earthly habitation.
Of their Colour.
The colour is visibly various according to the difference of their light, tempered by the divers constitutions of their matter or substance, some appearing of a ruddy, others of a Gold Colour; some of a Silver white, some pallid, others of a Leaden hue; whence some have made an estimate of their natures, and ranged them under the several Planets, of whose qualities they conceived them to participate according to proportion they carry of the resemblance of their Colours.
Of their Scintillation.
In this they are particularly distinguished from the Planets, for the Planets have no such twinkling or glimmering light, but generally all the fixed Stars, more or less, and at sometimes more than at others, especially when the Wind blows Easterly. The cause of this their Scintillation is variously discoursed of by Philosophers and Anstronomers. Aristotle among the Ancients assigns the cause thereof to their remeteness [Page 33]from our sight, by which they are weakly, and as it were by a trembling weariness reached. But others assign the cause thereof only to Refraction; and therefore (say they) Syrius and Procyon twinkle or glimmer more than any of the rest, because they never ascend above 45 Deg. above the Horizon. Gassendus more probably conceives this twinkling of the fixed Stars from that native light they are endued with, like that of the Sun, sparkling and casting forth such quick darted Rays, as our weaker sight cannot behold without that trembling passion. To which may be added the quick and swift motion of theirs about their own Axis, by that means making a more sudden variation in those radiant Objects than the Eye can pursue: But Hevelius rather imputes their twinkling to a constant Eribration of lucid matter, or a continual Exspiration of fiery Vapours or Effluvia from their Celestial Bodies, in the same manner as the Fulgorations and Ebulitions in the Body of the Sun.
Of their Number.
As to their number, if we consider them, which are most notable and visible, as being reduced to the six vulgar degrees of Magnitude, we shall find them (according to Ptolomy's computation) to amount to but 1022. And Pliny reckons them to 1600. But if we reflect upon the absolute number of all the Stars in the Firmament, we may conclude them to be innumerable, at least by Humane calculation, either lookt upon by the bare Eye only, or by the help of a Telescope, by the means of which last, Gallileus reports that he discovered in the Asterism of the Pleiades above 40 Stars, in the space between the Girdle and Sword of Orion no fewer than 80, and in little [Page 34]more than one Degree's space in the constellation of Orion above 500 Stars. Another great Astronomer affirms, that in the same Constellation, he observed above 2000 Stars. And according to the proportion of Gallileo's Observation, there would be found at least 62500 Stars, whereas look'd upon by the bare Eye only, there appears not above 63: According to the same proportion, if the rest of the Constellations were examin'd, the difference computed of the number of the Stars, appearing by the Telescope over and above those discovered by the bare Eye, there might be reckoned above 1000000 Stars.
Of their Figures.
As to their Figure, they are apparently spherical or round. But Kepler describes them like so many lucid points or sparks, casting forth every way their Rays of Light, so that we may apprehend them to be only Physically round, not Mathematically such, their Superficies are found to be uneven, and to consist of many angles and sides.
Of their Magnitude.
As to their Magnitude, These following Tables will give account thereof, according to the divers Calculations made by several eminent Astronomers.
| Their several Magnitudes. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| According to Tycho, Longo, Blanc. | 2′.0″ | 1′.30″ | 1′.5″ | 0′.45″ | 0′.30″ | 0′.20″ |
| Their several Magnitudes. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| According to Tycho. | 4. 1⅓ | 3. 1/18 | 2. ⅓ | 1. 19/36 | 1. 1/48 | 0. ⅔ |
| Their several Magnitudes. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| According to Tycho, Boyer. | as to 68.1 | as to 28½ [...] | as to 11.1 | as to 41.1 | as to 1. 1/16 | as to ⅓. 1 |
| Degreees of Magnitude. | Names of the Stars of their several Degrees of Magnitude. | Apparent Diameter. | The greatest Distance of 210000 Semidiameters of the Earth. | The least Distance of 100000 Semidiameters of the Earth. | ||
| True Diam. contains the Earths Diam. | The Body contains the Earths Body. | True Diam. contains the Earths Diam. | The Body contains the Earths Body. | |||
| 1 | Arcturus | 16″.42‴ | 16 | 3932 | 8.0 | 512 |
| 2 | Aquila | 11″.00‴ | 11.0 | 1120 | 5.7/25 | 137 |
| 3 | Algol | 7″.3‴ | 7.3 | 260 | 3.2/ [...] | 34 |
| 4 | Propus | 6″.10‴ | 6.10 | 216 | 2 9/10 | 26 |
| 5 | Pleias | 4″ ⅘‴ | 4.⅘ | 92 | 2 7/10 | 18 |
| 6 | Alcor | 4″ 0‴ | 4.0 | 64 | 2.25/100 | 9 |
But seeing the Astronomers of the Copernican opinion, maintain the Magnitudes of the fixed Stars to be far greater than the former Table shews them to be, it will not be amiss to annex this following Table.
| The distances to be asserted in Semidiameters of the Earth | The true Magnitude of Sirius. | The true Diameter of Alcor. | ||
| The Diam. of Sirius contains Diam. of the Earth. | The Body of Sirius contains the Earths Body. | The Diam. of Alcor contains Diam of the Earth. | Its Body contains the Earths Body. | |
| 142.746.428 | 12550 | 1967656731000 | 6000 | 216000000000 |
These Magnitudes may seem by some to be exorbitant, but in the opinion of the Judicious, do appear to be rational.
Of the place and distance of the Stars from the Earth, (or rather the Sun,) seems to be a question of that difficulty, that Pliny pronounced the investigation thereof to be no less than a piece of madness: Therefore Riccolus treating upon this subject, [Page 38]thought fit in the Front of his Discourse to prefix this Theorem, as a most certain truth, Parallaxis & distantia fixarum non potest certa & evidenta observatione humanitus comprehends.
For it is not known whether the Stars are all in the same Spherical Superficies, equally distant from the Center of the World, or whether they are placed at unequal distances, some higher, and some lower. This latter was the sentiment of the Ancient Stoical Philosophers, who conceived the difference of their lustre and apparent Magnitudes, to proceed from their diversity of scituation, as more or less removed from our sight.
Of this opinion was Manilius, long since, declated, speaking of some Stars in Orion, appearing more obscure than the rest. He gives the reason of that Phenomenon to be, Non quod clara minus, sed quod magis alta recedunt. This Hypothesis so seemingly rational, that the famous Tycho, Gallileo, and Kepler have readily imbraced the same, and therefore it may reasonably be supposed, that their distances are as divers as those of the Planets. Ricciolus reckons up five manner of ways of attaining in some probability the knowledge of their immense distances, according to his computation the least distance that may be assigned, is found to amount to 210000 Semidiameters of the Earth, the greatest being altogether uncertain by reason the crassitude or profundity of their Heaven is not to be determined. The Horizontal Parallax of the fixed Stars according to their least distances, is but 1″.
The distance of the fixed Stars asserted by the Copernicans.
| Authors. | Semidiameters of the Earth. | The greatest Parallax of the fixed Stars made from the Annual motion of the Earth. | |
| The half from the Semidiameter. | The whole from the Diameter of the Annual Orb | ||
| Copernicus | Indefinite | * * | * * |
| Gallileus | 13.046.400 | 0′ 20″ | 0′ 40″ |
The distance of the fixed Stars, supposing the Earths Annual motion, and Copernicans distance of the Earth from the Sun, according to the calculations of Tycho and Maginus, 7850,000 Semidiamiters of the Earth, and the total Parallax of the fixed Stars 1′—00″.
The distance of the fixed Stars from the Earth, supposing the Earths motion and the greatest Parallax of the fixed Stars to be 10″. The distance of the Stars from the Earth in Semidiameters of the Earth, according to Copernicus, is 47.439.800; and the distance of the Sun from the Earth, is 1150 Semidiameters of the Earth.
Of the proper motion of the fixed Stars.
THe motion of the fixed Stars is twofold:
First, Their Circumrotation about their own Centers, termed Motus Vertigenis, in which they are carried about with extraordinary celerity; whence the reason in part is the cause of their Scintillation.
The second is, Their motion of Revolution from West to East, in which they are observed to move but very slowly. Touching this, it will not be amiss to insert the three following Conclusions of Ricciolus in his Astronom. Reformat. pag. 259, quoted by Esquire Sherborn, in the Sphere of Manilius.
1. That the motion of the fixed Stars is equal and uniform.
2. That their Annual motion is not less than 49″, not greater than 51″.
3. That it seems most probable that their Annual motion is 50′—40″.
From the supposition of their Annual motion of 50′—40″, it follows that they compleat not one Degree in the Ecliptick sooner than in 71 Years, and 16/104, or 19 Days, and 12 Hours in a manner; but the whole Circle of 360 Degrees, they run not through in less than 25579 Sidereal Years, which is the Annus Magnus Platonicus, (though by the Ancients computed to extend to no less than 36000 Years.) But this will be clearly manifested by this following Table.
| Years. | ′ | ″ | ‴ | |
| 1 | 0 | 50 | 40 | |
| 10 | 8 | 26 | 40 | |
| 20 | 16 | 53 | 20 | |
| 30 | 25 | 20 | 00 | |
| 40 | 33 | 46 | 40 | |
| 50 | 42 | 13 | 20 | |
| 60 | 50 | 40 | 00 | |
| Gr. | ′ | ″ | ‴ | |
| 70 | 0 | 59 | 06 | 40 |
| 80 | 1 | 07 | 33 | 20 |
| 90 | 1 | 16 | 00 | 00 |
| 100 | 1 | 24 | 26 | 40 |
| 1000 | 14 | 04 | 26 | 40 |
| 10000 | 140 | 44 | 26 | 40 |
| 25000 | 360 | 00 | 00 | 00 |
Of the two Hemispheres of the Heavens.
THe one shews the Constellations of the Northern, and the other of the Southern Hemispheres of the Heavens: Wherein may be seen the right Ascension and Declination of any of the Stars in either Hemisphere, by which any Star may be easily found, and the way or course of a new Star or Comet may be traced in its way or Orbit, with several other uses, &c.
The names of each Constellation, and the number of the Stars in each of them that are observed by the bare Eye, without the help of a Telescope, according to Bayerus, and others.
- 1 Aries 29
- 2 Taurus 48
- 3 Gemini 31
- 4 Cancer 35
- 5 Leo 43
- 6 Virgo 42
- 7 Libra 15
- 8 Scorpio 29
- 9 Sagittarius 31
- 10 Capricornus 29
- 11 Aquarius 41
- 12 Pisces. 37
ARIES. TAURUS GEMINI. CANCER. LEO. VIRGO.
Pisces Cancer Leo Virgo Bootes Androm | Aquarius Libra Corvuis Crater Hydra Cetus Phaenix |
LIBRA SCORPIO. SAGITTAR: CAPRICO: AQUARI: PISCES.
♂ ♀ ☿ ♃ ♄
♄ ♃ ♀ ♂ ♀
- 1 Ursa minor 8
- 2 Ursa major 32
- 3 Draco 33
- 4 Cepheus 17
- 5 Bootes 34
- 6 Corona 20
- 7 Hercules 48
- 8 Lyra 13
- 9 Cygnus 35
- 10 Cassiopea 25
- 11 Perseus 38
- 12 Auriga 32
- 13 Ophuchus 30
- 14 Serpens 37
- 15 Sagitta 8
- 16 Aquila 32
- 17 Antinous 7
- 18 Delphinus 10
- 19 Equiculus 4
- 20 Pegasus 20
- 21 Andromeda 26
- 22 Triangulum 5
- 23 Coma Berenic. 14
- 1 Cetus 27
- 2 Orion 49
- 3 Eridanus 42
- 4 Lepus 13
- 5 Canis major 19
- 6 Canis minor 8
- 7 Argo Navis 63
- 8 Centaurus 40
- 9 Lupus 20
- 10 Hydra 29
- 11 Crater 11
- 12 Corvus 7
- 13 Ara 8
- 14 Corona Austr. 13
- 15 Pisces Notius 12
- 16 Grus 13
- 17 Phenix 14
- 18 Indus 12
- 19 Pavo 16
- 20 Apus 12
- 21 Apis 4
- 22 Cameleon 8
- 23 Triangul. Aust. 5
- 24 Piscis volans 7
- 25 Dorado 7
- 26 Toucan 8
- 27 Hydrus 15
- 28 Robur Carol. 12
| 1 | 17 |
| 2 | 63 |
| 3 | 196 |
| 4 | 415 |
| 5 | 348 |
| 6 | 341 |
| Obscure and Nebulous. | 3 |
| Informe or Sporades. in the Zodiack. | 45 |
| Northern | 200 |
| Southern | 93 |
| 1802 |
Of the System of the Ancients.
THe Ancient Philosophers (especially these of Democritus School) and most of the Mathematicians of those times, asserted the Universe to be Infinite, and to be divided into two chief Portions: whereof they held one to be the World or Worlds finite as to bulk and dimensions, but infinite as to number. The other part or portion they extended beyond the Worlds, which they fancied to be a Congeries of Infinite A [...]oms, out of which, not only the Worlds already made received their sustenance, but [Page] [Page]
CHAOS INFINITVM EX ATOMIS
Coelum Stellatum
Planetarum [...]errae [...]e [...]ocus
[Page] [Page 45]new ones were produced: Which Cosmical System imagined by the Ancients, is thus described, as may be seen in the said System. First, The place of the Planets and the Earth: Then the Starry Firmament, marked A, B, C, D, imbracing within its Circumserence the Planetary and Elementary System, beyond which a certain infinite Chaos of Atoms, in which this World of ours is supposed to float, which Scheme is taken from Scheinerus.
A Description of the Material Sphere.
The Poles of the World are two fixed Points in the Heavens, Diametrically opposite to one another; the one visible in our Hemifphere called the Artick Pole; the other not seen of us, being in the lower Hemiiphere, called the South or Antartick Pole.
The Axis of the World is an imaginary Line drawn from Pole to Pole, about which the Diurnal motion is performed from East to West.
The Meridians are great Circles, concurring and intersecting one another in the Poles of the World.
The Equinoctial is a great Circle, 90 Degrees distant from the Poles of the World, cutting the Meridians at right Angles, and dividing the World into two equal parts, called the North and South Hemisphere.
The Zodiack is a Zone, having eight Degrees on either side of the Ecliptick, in which space the Planets make their Revolutions, divided and distinguished into 12 Signs, 30 Degrees to each Sign; as, Aries Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Lee, Virgo, which are called the Northern Signs. Libra, Scorpio, Sagittatius, Aquarius, Pisces, called the Southern Signs.
The Ecliptick is a Circle in the midst of the Zodiack, touching the Equinoctial in two opposite points of Aries and Libra.
The Colures are two Meridians dividing the Equinoctial and Ecliptick into two equal parts; one of these passes the Equinoctial points of Aries and Libra, and is called the Equinoctial Colure; the other by Cancer and Capricorn, called the Solstitial Colure.
The Poles of the Ecliptick are two points 23 Deg. 30 Min. distant from the Poles of the World.
The Tropicks are two small Circles parallel to the Equinoctial, and distant therefrom 23 Deg. 30 Min. limiting the Suns greatest Declination.
The Northern Tropick is call'd the Tropick of Cancer, the Southern the Tropick of Capricorn.
The Polar Circles are two small Circles, parallel to the Equinoctial, and are distant from the Pole of the World 23 Deg. 30 Min.
That which is adjacent is called the Artick Circle, and the other the Antartick Circle.
The Zenith and Nadir are two Points Diametrically opposite.
The Zenith is the vertical Point, or the Point right over our heads.
The Nadir is directly opposite thereto.
The Horizon is a great Circle, 90 Deg. distant from the Zenith and Nadir, dividing the World into two equal parts, the upper and visible Hemisphere, and the lower and invisible.
Astronomical Definitions.
The Meridian of a place, is that which passeth by the Zenith and Nadir of the place.
Azimuths or Vertical Circles are great Circles of the Sphere, concurring and intersecting each other in the Zenith and Nadir.
Almicanters or Parallels of Latitude, are small Circles parallel to the Horizon, imagined to pass through every Degree and Minute of the Meridian, between the Zenith and Horizon.
Parallels of Latitude or Declination, are small Circles parallels to the Equinoctial, they are called Parallels of Declination, in respect of the Sun or Stars in the Heavens, and Parallels of Latitude, in respect of any place upon the Earth.
The Latitude of a place is the height of the Pole above the Horizon, or the distance between the Zenith and Equinoctial.
The Latitude of a Star is the Arch of a Circle, contained between the Center of a Star and the Ecliptick Line, making right Angles with the Ecliptick, and is counted either Northward or Southward, according to the scituation of the Star.
Longitude on the Earth, is measured by an Arch of the Equinoctial, contained between the Primary Meridian (or Meridian of that place where the Longitude is assigned to begin,) and the Meridian of any other place counted always Easterly.
The Longitude of a Star, is that part of the Ecliptick, which is contained between the Stars place in the Ecliptick and the beginning of Aries, counting them according to the succession of the Signs.
Altitude of the Sun or Stars is the Arch of an Azimuth, contained betwixt the Horizon and Center of the Sun or Star.
Ascension is the rising of any Star or any part of the Equinoctial above the Horizon.
Descension is the setting thereof.
Right Ascension is the number of Degrees and Minutes of the Equinoctial (counted from the beginning of Aries,) which cometh to the Meridian with the Sun or Stars, or with any portion of the Ecliptick.
Oblique Ascension is an Arch of the Equinoctial, between the beginning of Aries and that part of the Equinoctial that riseth with the Center of a Star, or with any portion of the Ecliptick in an Oblique Sphere.
Oblique Descension, is that part of the Equinoctial which setteth therewith.
Ascensional Difference is an Arch of the Equinoctial, being the difference between the right and oblique Ascension.
The Amplitude of the Sun or Star is an Arch of the Horizon, intercepted between the rising or setting of the Sun or Star, and the East or West point of the Hozizon.
The Parallax is the difference between the true and apparent place of the Sun or Star.
Refraction is caused by the Atmosphere, or vaporous thickness of the Air, near the Earths Superficies, whereby the Sun and Stars seem always to rise sooner and set later, than in reality they do.
The Ʋse of the Table of New and Full Moons.
On the left side of the Table you have each Month in the Year; and on the head of the Table you have the Years of our Lord, and the Characters of the New and Full Moons; the New Moon is thus exprest ●, the Full Moon thus ❍. The Use of which Table will appear plainly by this Example.
I would know the time of the New and Full Moon; [Page] [Page]
| 1678 | 1679 | 1680 | 1681 | 1682 | 1683 | 1684 | 1685 | 1686 | 1687 | 1688 | 1689 | 1690 | 1691 | 1692 | ||||||||||||||||
| ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | ● | ❍ | |
| Ianu | 12 | 27 | 2 | 10 | 21 | 5 | 9 | 23 | 28 | 13 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 22 | 24 | 10 | 13 | 29 | 3 | 18 | 22 | 7 | 11 | 25 | 30 | 14 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 23 |
| Feb | 11 | 26 | 0 | 15 | 19 | 4 | 8 | 2 [...] | 27 | 11 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 20 | 2 [...] | 9 | 12 | 23 | 2 | 1 [...] | 21 | [...] | 9 | 24 | 2 [...] | 13 | 1 [...] | 2 | 7 | 21 |
| Mar | 12 | 28 | 23 | 17 | 20 | 5 | 9 | 24 | 28 | 15 | 18 | 2 | [...] | 21 | 24 | 10 | 14 | 29 | 3 | 18 | 21 | 7 | 11 | 26 | 30 | 14 | 1 [...] | 4 | 7 | 22 |
| Apr | 11 | 26 | 20 | 15 | 18 | 3 | 8 | 22 | 27 | 11 | 16 | 30 | 4 | 19 | 2 [...] | 9 | 12 | 28 | 2 | 17 | 20 | 5 | [...] | 24 | 2 [...] | 14 | 1 [...] | 2 | 6 | 20 |
| May | 1 | 26 | 20 | 15 | 18 | 3 | [...] | 22 | 26 | 11 | 16 | 30 | 4 | 18 | 23 | 8 | 12 | 27 | 30 | 17 | 10 | 5 | [...] | 24 | 2 [...] | 13 | 17 | [...] | 6 | 20 |
| June | [...] | 24 | 27 | 14 | 16 | 2 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 14 | 28 | [...] | 17 | 21 | 6 | 10 | 25 | 29 | 15 | 1 [...] | 3 | 7 | 22 | 26 | 11 | 16 | 30 | 4 | 18 | |
| Iuly | 8 | 23 | 27 | 13 | 15 | 31 | [...] | 19 | 24 | 9 | 14 | 28 | 2 | 16 | 21 | 6 | 1 [...] | 24 | 2 [...] | 14 | 1 [...] | 5 | 6 | 22 | 25 | 11 | 1 [...] | 30 | 4 | 18 |
| Aug | 7 | 22 | 26 | 11 | 14 | 2 [...] | 3 | 19 | 22 | 8 | 12 | 26 | [...]0 | 14 | 10 | [...] | 9 | 23 | 27 | 13 | 15 | 31 | 5 | 2 [...] | 24 | 9 | 1 [...] | 2 [...] | [...] | 1 [...] |
| Sept | 5 | 20 | 24 | 10 | 12 | 27 | 2 | 17 | 21 | 10 | 23 | 28 | 13 | 18 | 2 | 7 | 21 | 26 | 11 | 14 | 20 | 3 | 1 [...] | 22 | 8 | 12 | 27 | 30 | 5 | |
| Octo | 5 | 10 | 2 [...] | 1 [...] | 27 | [...]1 | 17 | 2 [...] | 6 | 10 | 2 [...] | 28 | 13 | 17 | 2 | 7 | 21 | 25 | 10 | 14 | 2 [...] | 5 | 18 | 22 | 8 | 11 | 26 | 29 | 15 | |
| Nove | 4 | 18 | 23 | 7 | 1 [...] | 2 [...] | [...] | 15 | 1 [...] | 5 | 8 | 24 | 26 | 12 | 16 | [...] | 5 | 1 [...] | 24 | 9 | 12 | 27 | 1 | 16 | 20 | 6 | 9 | 25 | 27 | 13 |
| Decem | 3 | 17 | 22 | [...] | 11 | 25 | 20 | 45 | 18 | 4 | 3 | 23 | 26 | 11 | 15 | 30 | 5 | 19 | 24 | 8 | 12 | 26 | 131 | 16 | 2 [...] | 6 | 9 | 25 | 27 | 13 |
| YEARS OF OUR LORD | 1676 | 1677 | 1678 | 1679 | 1680 | 1681 | 1682 | 1683 | 1684 | 1685 | 1686 | 1687 | 1688 | 1689 | 1690 | 1691 | 1692 | 1693 | 1694 | 1695 | 1696 | 1697 | 1698 | 1699 | 1700 | 1701 | 1702 | 1703 |
| 1704 | 1705 | 1706 | 1707 | 1708 | 1709 | 1710 | 1711 | 1712 | 1713 | 1714 | 1715 | 1716 | 1717 | 1718 | 1719 | 1720 | 1721 | 1722 | 1723 | 1724 | 1725 | 1726 | 1727 | 1728 | 1729 | 1730 | 1731 | |
| Dom Lett. | BA | G | F | E | DC | B | A | G | FE | D | C | B | AG | F | E | D | CB | A | G | F | ED | C | B | A | GF | E | D | C |
| Cycle of ye Sun | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| YEARS OF OUR LORD | 1676 | 1677 | 1678 | 1679 | 1680 | 1681 | 1682 | 1683 | 1684 | 1685 | 1686 | 1687 | 1688 | 1689 | 1690 | 1691 | 1692 | 1693 | 1694 |
| 1695 | 1696 | 1697 | 1698 | 1699 | 1700 | 1701 | 1702 | 1703 | 1704 | 1705 | 1706 | 1707 | 1708 | 1709 | 1710 | 1711 | 1712 | 1713 | |
| Epact | 25 | 6 | 17 | 28 | 9 | 20 | 1 | 12 | 23 | 4 | 15 | 26 | 7 | 18 | 29 | 11 | 22 | 3 | 14 |
| Gold. Number | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
[Page] [Page 49]for the Year 1680, therefore look at the head of the Table, and on the left fide for the Month of May, and in the common Angle of meeting you will find that is New Moon the 18th Day, and Full Moon the 31 Day; so from the Full and Change you may compute any other Day of her Age. And if you would know the time of High Water at London, (or any other place contained in the Table) then look the day of her Age on the left side of the Table, (as you are before directed) and right against it you will find the time of High Water.
The Ʋse of the Circular Table, marked at the Corner with the Figure 1.
This Table sheweth the Dominical Letter, Cycle of the Sun, Epact, and Golden Number, for 56 Years, from the Year 1676.
For finding the Dominical Letter, and Cycle of the Sun, you are first to seek the Year of the Lord in the two outermost Circles; and in the two next Circles within those Circles, you have the Dominical Letter, and the number of the Suns Cycle.
For Example.
If you would know, in the Years 1700, and 1728, what the Dominical Letter, and Cycle of the Sun is; you will find the Dominical Letter to be GF, which doth denote it to be Leap-Year, and the Cycle of the Sun to be 1. And if you would find the Epact, and Golden Number, for any Year contained in the Table, then find the Years required in the 5th and 6th Circle, and in the Innermost Circles you will have your desire; as for the Years 1681, and 1700, you will find the Epact to be 2, and the Golden Number to be 10.
And here I think it necessary to shew the natural reason of these Numbers and Letters.
Of the Prime, or Golden Number.
The Prime, or Golden Number, is a Circle, or Revolution of 19 Years; in which space of time it was supposed by the Ancients, that all the Lunations and Aspects between the Sun and Moon, did return to the same place they were 19 Years before: It is chiefly to find the Change, Full, and Quarters of the Moon.
Of the Cycle of the Sun, and Dominical Letter.
The Cycle, or Circle of the Sun, is a Revolutional Number of 28 Years; in which space of time there is a perfect change of all the Sunday Letters for every Year, and maketh its Periodical Revolution in 28 Years. By help of which is known the true order of the Sunday Letter, A, being placed against the first day of January, and the rest in their order to the Years end: And every Month beginneth the first Letter of each word in this short Distich;
Of the Epact.
The Epact is a Number not exceeding 30, because the Moon, between Change and Change, never exceeds 30 Days; and thereby the common Lunar Year, consisting of 12 Months, is less than the Solar Year by 11 Days; for to every Lunar Month is accounted [Page 51]but 29 Days and a half, so that a Lunar Year contains 354 Days, and the Solar Year consists of 365 Days; the disserence is 11 Days, which is called the Epact.
Short Rules to find the Golden Number, Dominical Letter, Epact, &c. in short Distichs.
To know if it be Leap-Year, or what Year past.
Example.
Anno 1680, divide only the latter part of this Number, which is 80, by 4, and there remains 0, which shews it to be Leap-Year.
To find the Dominical, or Sunday Letter.
Example.
| The Year of our Lord | 1680 |
| Its fourth | 420 |
| To both which, add | 4 |
| 7)2104(3 | |
| 21 | |
| 04 |
Being divided by 7, the remainder is 4; and according to the order of the standing of the Letters, it [Page 52]shews it to be D, which is the first of the Dominical Letters for that Year, (which is Leap-Year) which continues until the 24th of February, (St. Matthias day) and the other Letter is C, which serves all the Year after, accounting the Letters backward.
To find the Golden Number, Cycle of the Sun, and Indiction.
Example.
To 1680 add 1, which is 1681: divide that by 19, and there remains 9, which is the Golden Number for that Year. Again to 1680 add 9, and the Sum is 1689; divide by 28, the residue is 9, the Cycle of the Sun for that Year. Lastly, To 1680 add 3, the Sum is 1683; which being divided by 15, the remainder is 3, which is the Indiction for the same Year.
The Prime and Golden Number being given, to find the Epact.
Example.
Anno 1680 the Golden Number is 9, which divide by 3, and there remains 0; therefore ten times 0 is 0, which added to 9, the Epact for the Year 1680.
By the 19 Epacts, to find the day of Easter-Limit from the beginning of March inclusively.
Example.
Anno 1680 the Epact being 9, subtract it from 47, there remains 38, which is Easter-Limit for the same Year; which reckoned from the beginning of March inclusively, it will fall on April the 7th.
But when the Epact is 28, or 29, it must be substracted from 77, that so the Limit may remain, and the next following Sunday after the Limit is always Easter day.
Easter-Limit, and the Dominical Letter being given; to find Easter-day.
Or thus; Take the Number of the given Letter more by 4 from the given Limit, and the residue from the greatest Sum of sevens, the last remainder added to the Limit (the Sum) or its excess above 31, is Easter-day in March or April.
Example.
Anno 1680, the Letter C, which is 3, more by 4, is 7; which taken from the Limit 38, the resid [...]e is 31; this taken from the nearest greater Sum of sevens in the Limit, viz. 35, there remains 4; which added to the Limit 38, the Sum is 42; the excess of which [Page 54]above 31 is 11; Therefore the 11th of April, Anno 1680, is Easter-day.
For the Days of the Months on which the Sun entereth the 12 Signs.
♈. ♉ ♊ ♋ ♌ ♍ ♎ ♏ ♐ ♑ ♒ ♓ Mar. Apr. Ma. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. 9. 9. 10. 10. 12. 12. 12. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8.
For the Degree of the Sun's Place on any day.
From the day of the Month on which the Suns Place is required, if you may, or else from the Sum of that and 30, substract the day of his entrance into the Sign of that Month, the remainder shall be the Degree of his place, in that or the next preceding Sign.
Example.
Suppose the 6th day of March 1680, I would know in what Degree of the Sign the Sun is in: Therefore according to the Rule, put 30 to it, then is it 36; from which if you take 9, the day of the Suns entrance into the Sign of that Month, there remains 27, which shews the Sun is in 27 Degrees, in the Sign preceding, which is ♈.
To find the Age of the Moon, or the Day of Her Change.
When the Epact is added to any of these Numbers, the Sum, if it be less than 30, or the Excess above 30, added to the day of the given Month, (rejecting, if need be) gives the Age of the Moon that day; but substracted from 30, leaves the day of the Change in (or from the beginning of) that Month.
For the day of the Full Moon, add or substract 15 to or from the day of the Change.
Example.
(1.) For the Age of the Moon on the 11th of May 1680, the Number of the Month is 3, added to the Epact 9, makes 12; which added to 10, makes 22, the Age of the Moon required.
(2.) For the day of the Change, (or New Moon) in May 1680, the Epact 9, with the Figure 3, makes 12, (as before); which substracted from 30, there rests 18, on which day is the Moons Change, (or the New Moon) in May 1680.
(3.) For the day of the Full Moon, take 15 from 18, there remains 3, which is the day of the Full Moon in that Month.
To find the Hour of the Moons coming to South, and High-Water at London.
Example.
If on the 10th of May 1680, the Moon is 10 days old; which being multiplied by 4, makes 40, and divided by 5, the Quotient is 8, which is the time of the Moons southing in the Morning, because the Moon is past the Full; to which if you add 3, makes 11, which shews the time of High-Water at London.
The use of the Almanack in Lines, Entituled, (An Almanack shewing the Day of the Month, Suns Place, Right Ascension and Declination for ever.)
THe Margin on the left side sheweth the Suns Declination for every day in the Year, directing your Eye from any of the Month required.
As for Example.
If it should be required to know what Declination the Sun hath on the 25th day of October; which day you will find in the second Column, and right against the 15th day, the Declination to be about 15 Degrees; and you may well determine it to be South Declination,
| Ianuary | Februar | March | April | May | Iune |
| At | Dover | Dwells | George | Browne | Esquire |
| Good | Christoph | Finch | And | David | Fryer |
| Iuly | August | Septem | October | Novem: | Decemb |
| C 1 | E 1 | G 1 | B 1 | D 1 | F 1 | A 1 |
| B 2 | D 2 | F 2 | A 2 | C 2 | E 2 | G 2 |
| A 3 | C 3 | E 3 | G 3 | B 3 | D 3 | F 3 |
| GF | BA | DC | FE | AG | CB | ED |
| 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | 1600 | 1100 | 1300 | 1500 |
| [...] | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 |
| 44 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 |
| 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 |
| 1700 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 |
| 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 44 | 48 | 52 |
| 2400 | 1900 | 2100 | 2300 | 1800 | 2000 | 2200 |
| High water Lond bridge | Moons age | The Moons southing. | Moons age for her [...] |
| 3 — 48 | 1 — 16 | 0 — 48 | 1 — 29 |
| 4 — 36 | 2 — 17 | 1 — 36 | 2 — 28 |
| 5 — 24 | 3 — 18 | 2 — 24 | 3 — 27 |
| 6 — 12 | 4 — 19 | 3 — 12 | 4 — 20 |
| 7 — 0 | 5 — 20 | 4 — 00 | 5 — 25 |
| 7 — 48 | 6 — 21 | 4 — 48 | 6 — 24 |
| 8 — 36 | 7 — 22 | 5 — 36 | 7 — 23 |
| 9 — 24 | 8 — 23 | 6 — 24 | 8 — 22 |
| 10 — 12 | 9 — 24 | 7 — 12 | 9 — 21 |
| 11 — [...]0 | 10 — 25 | 8 — 00 | 10 — 20 |
| 11 — 48 | 11 — 26 | 8 — 48 | 11 — 19 |
| 12 — 36 | 12 — 27 | 9 — 30 | 12 — 18 |
| 1 — 24 | 13 — 26 | 10 — 24 | 13 — 17 |
| 2 — 12 | 14 — 20 | 11 — 12 | 14 — 16 |
| 3 — 0 | 15 — 30 | 12 — 00 | 15 |
| 1 | 8 | 15 | 22 | 29 |
| 2 | 9 | 16 | 23 | 30 |
| 3 | 10 | 17 | 24 | 31 |
| 4 | 11 | 18 | 23 | |
| 5 | 12 | 19 | 26 | |
| 6 | 13 | 20 | 27 | |
| 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 |
because the Sun is then to the southward of the Equinoctial, being after the 13th day of September; from which time, to the 10th of March following, the Sun hath all that time South Declination. And if you would know the Suns Place for the same day, observe this lirection following.
To find the Sun's Place.
Suppose the Sun's Place were required on the aforesaid day, viz. the 25th of October: direct your Eye from the said day, to the next Column on the right hand, and you will find the Sun's Place to be in 12 Degrees of Scorpio. And if you would know the Suns Right Ascension that day, in time observe these following Directions.
To find the Suns Right Ascension in Hours.
Suppose it were required to find the Suns Right Ascension (converted into Hours) for the aforesaid 25th of October; which in the 4th Column you will find, right against the said day, to be 15 hours.
The same way and order is to be observed in all the rest of the Months for any of the forementioned Requisites.
The Ʋse of the Perpetual Almanack,
THis Almanack is contained in this short Distich;
By which Verse, with the help of the Dominical Letter, [Page 58]you may find the day of the Mouth, for any time past, present, or to come; the use of which Tables and Verse are here-under shewed.
The Ʋse of the Tables of the Dominical Letters, and their Application, for finding the day of the Month by the help of the aforesaid Distich.
First therefore observe, That all those Years exprest in the Tables, are all Leap-Years; as the Years 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, &c. and so of the rest, which are all Leap-Years, and have each of them two Dominical Letters, as you may see in their respective Columns over their heads; as for the Year 1000, the Dominical Letters were GF, and so of the rest. The other Figures also, as 20, 24, 28, 32, &c. are all Leap-Years; the use of which are thus explained.
First, Suppose the Dominical Letter is required for the Year 1632; look for 1600 in one of the Columns, and in another Column for 32; and on the head of the said Column, you will find it is Leap-Year, and the Dominical Letters to be A G.
Secondly, Suppose you would know the Dominical Letter for the Year 1681: Look in the Table for 81, which you find not there; Therefore look for the Year before, which is 80, and that is Leap-Year, and the Dominical Letters are D C. Now C being the Dominical Letter for the latter part of the Year 1680. The next Letter before it, in the Alphabetical order is B, which is the Dominical Letter for the next Year 1681, Which Letter you will find on the top of the next Column, where you will find the Lerter [Page 59]B, with the Figure of 1 by it, which informs you that it is the first after Leap-Year. And so for the Year 1682, the Dominical Letter is A, and the second after Leap-Year; the same is to be understood of the rest. Thus having found the Dominical Letter, the day of the Month may be found by these following Directions.
To find the Day of the Month of the fore-mentioned Distich, with the help of the Dominical Letters found in the Table.
For the finding the day of the Month by that short Verse, you are to take notice, That the first Letter in each word, is the same Week day Letter that always beginneth the Month: as A always beginneth January, and so of the rest, as you may see in any Almanack, according to that order as you see in the Distich: All which will be sufficiently explained in this
Example.
The first Sunday in June, in the Year 1681, I would know what day of the Month it is for that Year; I find B is the Domical Letter, and by the Distich you find the Letter E begins the Month of June; therefore count on in the natural order of the Alphabet, from E until you come to B, which is Sunday, thus, E one, F two, G three, A four, B five, which is Sunday, and the 15th day of the Month.
Example 2.
I would know what day of the Month the first Thursday of July is in the Year 1681, the Dominical Letter being B. I find by the Verse that July begins the Month with G; therefore I say, Gone, A two, [Page 60]B three, (which is Sunday) C therefore is Monday, D Tussday, E Wednesday, F Thursday, which is seven in number from G, (including it) and therefore is the 7th day of the Month on which the first Thursday falls on. The Month begins with a Friday, and so you may cast your Eye down to a small Table on the bottom of the said Aimanack, and there you may take notice, that the first row of Figures on the head of the Table, is 1.8.15.22.29; which you may reckon to be always the same days of the Week that the Month begins with; as if the Months which begin with a Sunday, then the first row are all Sundays, and the second row all Mondays, the third row all Tuesdays, and so on. As for instance, The Month of July, in the Year 1681, begins on a Friday, so then the upper row are all Fridays, and the second row Saturdays, &c. So also you may say, Friday and Friday is 8, and Friday is 15, and Friday is 22, and Friday is 29, &c. So after these Rules and Directions, you may always find the day of the Mouth at any time, both past, present, and to come.
Upon the same Print of the Perpetual Almanack, you have also some other small Tables; one shewing the time of High-Water at London-Bridge any day of the Moons Age. Another sheweth the Moons coming to the South at any day of her Age; by help of which you may know the time of High-Water at London or elsewhere, where the time of Flowing is known, at the Full and Change days. The fourth Table sheweth the Moons Age for her shining. The Use of each Table shall be explained in these following Directions.
| Year. | Moneth. | D. | H. | M. | Lun. | Dig. | Min. |
| 1677 | May. | 6 | 15 | 25 | ☽ | 8 | 15 |
| 1678 | October. | 19 | 8 | 17 | ☽ | 22 | 18 |
| 1681 | August. | 18 | 14 | 22 | ☽ | 10 | 35 |
| 1682 | August. | 7 | 17 | 56 | ☽ | 18 | 50 |
| 1682 | Tebruary. | 11 | 11 | 28 | ☽ | 19 | 48 |
| 1683 | January. | 17 | 4 | 27 | ☉ | 10 | 30 |
| 1684 | June. | 16 | 14 | 17 | ☽ | 1 | 35 |
| 1684 | July. | 2 | 3 | 10 | ☉ | 8 | 0 |
| 1685 | November. | 30 | 10 | 26 | ☽ | 21 | 45 |
| 1686 | November. | 19 | 11 | 22 | ☽ | 7 | 35 |
| 1687 | May. | 1 | 1 | 25 | ☉ | 4 | 40 |
| 1688 | April. | 5 | 6 | 4 | ☽ | 6 | 49 |
| 16 [...] | March. | 25 | 0 | 41 | ☽ | 21 | 19 |
| 16 [...] | September | 18 | 14 | 46 | ☽ | 20 | 39 |
| 1690 | March. | 24 | 10 | 14 | ☽ | 5 | 53 |
| 1692 | July. | 17 | 15 | 9 | ☽ | 22 | 28 |
| 1693 | Tebruary. | 11 | 16 | 24 | ☽ | 29 | 32 |
| 1693 | June | 23 | 0 | 6 | ☉ | 2 | 34 |
| 1694 | June. | 26 | 12 | 50 | ☽ | 6 | 47 |
| 1695 | November | 10 | 7 | 0 | ☽ | 6 | 55 |
| 1696 | May. | 6 | 11 | 45 | ☽ | 21 | 48 |
| 1696 | October. | 20 | 16 | 30 | ☽ | 21 | 45 |
| 1697 | October. | 10 | 7 | 44 | ☽ | 8 | 54 |
| 1699 | March. | 5 | 7 | 14 | ☽ | 9 | 5 |
| 1699 | September | 12 | 21 | 30 | ☉ | 10 | 0 |
By having the Moons Age, to find the time of High Water at London-Bridge.
The Moons Age must be first known from some other Tables in the Book, or else-where; which being known, find the day thereof in the fore-mentioned small Table, and right against it, on the left hand, you will find the time of High-Water at London-Bridge.
As for Example.
If the Moon be six days old, I would know when it is High-Water at London-Bridge. Therefore first seek the Moons Age 6 in its proper Table, and right against it you will find 7.48. which shews that it is High-Water at 72 Clock and 48 Minutes past.
To find the Moons Southing any day of her Age.
First you must look the Age of the Moon as before, and then seek the same in the Table of her Age, and right against it, in the Table on the right hand, under the title of Moons Southing, you will have your desire. And here note. That from the New to the Full, the Moon cometh to South in the Afternoon; but from the Full to the New in the Morning.
As for Example.
When the Moon is six days old, I would know the time of her coming to South. Therefore if you cast your Eye on the Table of the Moons Southing, you will find 4 48. which shews that the Moon cometh to South at 4 a Clock and 48 Minutes past.
The Ʋse of these Tables for finding the time of the Moons Shining.
To know how long the Moon shineth, enter the Column of the Moons Age for her shining, and against it on the left hand you have the time of her shining: which all the time of her Encrease being added to the hour of Suns Rising, gives the time of her Rising; but if added to the time of Suns Setting, gives the time of her Setting; but after the Full, the time of her shining from the Suns Rising, and it gives her Rising; and then take the same from the Suns Setting, and it gives the time of her Setting.
Example.
In the Year 1680 October the 5th, the Moon is 22 days old. Which number find in the Table, and you will see that right against it there is 6 Hours 24 Min. for the time of her shining: which being added to the Suns rising of the same day, which is 6 Hours 46 Minutes, makes 13 Hours 32 Minutes; from which take 12, and there rests 1 Hour 32 Minutes, which is the time of the Moons Rising the next Morning.
Again, to the same 6 Hours 24 Minutes, add 5 Hours 14 Minutes (the Suns Setting) and it gives 11 Hours 38 Minutes for the time of her Setting the next day a little before Noon.
To find the Hour of the Night by the shadow of the Moon upon a Sun-Dial, by the help of the Table of the Moons Southing.
Observe on a Sun-Dial what hour the shadow of [Page 63]the Moon falls upon, and take notice how much the shadow doth either lack or is past the Hour of 12 upon the Dial, for so much it doth want of, or is past the time of the Moons coming to South.
Example.
Suppose the Moon were ten days old; you find (by the Table) that the Moon cometh to South at 9 of the Clock. Now suppose the shadow of the Moon should fall on the Hour of 10, this wants 2 Hours of 12, and therefore it wants two Hours of eight, which is 6 of the Clock in the Evening.
But if the shadow of the Moon had been at 2 upon the Dial, then you must have added 2 Hours to the Moons coming to South, then would it be 10 of the Clock at Night.
And Note; When the Moon is in the Full, then the shadow of the Moon shews the true Hour of the Night, as the shadow of the Sun doth by Day.
The Ʋse of the Table of the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon.
This Table is sufficiently plain of it self by inspection only; but however I shall give one Example.
In the Year 1681, the 28 of August, you will find the Moon will be Eclipsed at 14 Hours 22 Minutes, which is 22 Minutes past two of the Clock next Morning, and the quantity eclipsed will be 10 Digits 35 Minutes.
The Ʋse of the Perpetual Table for finding the Break of Day, Suns Rising, Planetary Hours, both by Night and Day in the Latitude of London, every 10th Day in the Month.
In the first Column you have the 12 Months of the Year; in the second, 1, 11, and 22 Days of the Month; in the third the Break of Day, which on the 11th of February is at 5 of the Clock; in the fourth is the time of Twilight, which against the said 11th of February, is at 7 of the Clock, which is the time of the ending of Twilight in the Evening; in the 5th and 6th Columns, the Rising and Setting of the Sun; in the 7th and 8th Columns, the length of the Day and Night; and in the 9th and 10th Columns, the length of the Planetary Hours both by Night and Day.
The Ʋse of the Table of the Essential Dignities of the Planets.
Every Planet hath two Signs for his Houses, except ☉ and ☽, they have but one apiece; ♄ hath ♑ and ♒; ♃ hath ♐ and ♓; ♂ hath ♈ and ♏ ☉ hath ♌; ☽ hath ♋, &c. One of these Houses is called Diurnal, noted with the letter D; the other is Nocturnal, noted by the letter N. In these Signs the Planets have their Exaltations, which are noted in the third Column; as the ☉ in the 19 ♈. ☽ in the 3 ♉. ♌ in ♊ 3 Degrees, &c. are exalted.
These 12 Signs are divided into four Triplicities; the 4th Column tells you what Planet, or Planets, both Night and Day governs each Triplicity; as over
| Ho. before n | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | |
| Ho. after noon | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||
| Iune. 11 | Iun [...] [...]1 | 5 b | 6 | 7 b | 9 c | 13 b | 19 a | 30 | 57 a |
| Iune. 1 | Iun [...] 21 | 5 b | 6 | 7 b | 10 | 13 c | 19 b | 30 b | 59 |
| May 21 | Iuly 2 | 5 c | 6 b | 7 c | 10 a | 14 | 40 [...] | 32 | 65 a |
| May 11 | Iuly 13 | 6 a | 6 c | 8 a | 10 c | 14 c | 21 [...] | 35 | 78 b |
| April 30 | Iuly 23 | 7 | 7 b | 9 | 11 b | 16 | 23 | 40 | 108 |
| April 20 | August 2 | 7 c | 8 a | 10 | 12 c | 17 b | 26 b | 48 | 196 |
| April 9 | August 13 | 8 c | 9 d | 11 | 14 | 19 b | 30 | 62 a | |
| March; 30 | August 23 | 10 | 10 b | 12 a | 15 c | 22 a | 36 b | 92 a | |
| March 20 | Septemb. 2 | 11a | 12 | 14 | 18 | 26 | 46 | 182 | |
| March 10 | Septemb. 13 | 13 | 13 c | 16 | 21 | 31 a | 62 [...] | ||
| Febr 28 | Septemb. 22 | 15 | 16 | 18 c | 24 c | 39 | 97 a | ||
| Febr 18 | Octob. [...] | 17 b | 18 b | 22 | 20 c | 51 | 210 | ||
| Febr 8 | Octob. [...]3 | 20 b | 21 c | 26 | [...]6 | 70 c | |||
| Ian. 29 | Octob. 23 | 24 | 25b | 31 | [...]6 | 110 | |||
| Ian. 19 | Nov. 2 | 28 | 29 | 37 | [...]9 | 208 | |||
| Ian. 9 | Nov. 11 | 32 | 34 | 44 | [...]6 | 829 | |||
| Decemb. 30 | Nov. 21 | 36 | 39 | 51 | [...]7 | ||||
| Decemb. 21 | Dec. [...] | 39 | 42 | 56b | [...]7 | ||||
| Decemb. 11 | Dec. [...]1 | 40 | 43c | 59 | 26 | ||||
Note that a stands for a quarter of a part. b for half a part and c for three quarters.
To find the hour of the day by this Table. Take a Staff of what length you please, and (with a Pair of Compasses) divide it into to equal parts, marking them upon the Staff: then in some plain level place, where the Sun doth shine, set it upright, and mark where the end of the shadow thereof salls, which done, measure with your Staff the length of the shadow and note the parts it contains, which find out in this Table, against the day of the Month. and over head, you have the true hour of the day.
Suppose the 9 of April or 13 of August. I should find the shadow of the Staff to be 30 partes and a quarter (that is three Staff length and quater) therefore seeking in the Table against the said dayes I see over-head, that it is then either 7 a clock in the morning or 5 in the afternoon so that if your observation was in the morning it was 7 but if in the after noon 5 a clock.
By this Example, you may see the ease and excellent use of the Table which is as ready as any movable Sun-Dyal; so that wheresoever you are or travell, you may having this Book about you [...]speedly known the true hour [...].
| Break of day | Twilight | sun rise | sun set | leng day | leng night | Pl H by D. | Pl H by N | ||||||||||
| h | m | h | m | h | m | h | m | h | m | h | m | h | m | h | m | ||
| Ianu | 1 | 5 | 54 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 58 | 7 | 56 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 40 | 1 | 20 |
| 11 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 18 | 7 | 49 | 4 | 11 | 8 | 22 | 15 | 38 | 0 | 42 | 1 | 18 | |
| 21 | 5 | 35 | 6 | 25 | 7 | 34 | 4 | 26 | 8 | 52 | 15 | 8 | 0 | 44 | 1 | 16 | |
| Feber | 1 | 5 | 17 | 6 | 13 | 7 | 17 | 4 | 43 | 9 | 26 | 14 | 34 | 0 | 47 | 1 | 13 |
| 11 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 59 | 5 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 13 | 58 | 0 | 50 | 1 | 10 | |
| 21 | 4 | 45 | 7 | 15 | 6 | 42 | 5 | 18 | 10 | 36 | 13 | 24 | 0 | 54 | 1 | 6 | |
| M [...] | 1 | 4 | 20 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 23 | 5 | 37 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 46 | 0 | 56 | 1 | 4 |
| 11 | 3 | 59 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| 21 | 3 | 34 | 8 | 23 | 5 | 42 | 6 | 18 | 12 | 36 | 11 | 24 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 57 | |
| April | 1 | 3 | 33 | 8 | 55 | 5 | 30 | 6 | 40 | 13 | 20 | 10 | 40 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 55 |
| 11 | 2 | 38 | 9 | 22 | 4 | 58 | 7 | 2 | 14 | 4 | 9 | 56 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 50 | |
| 21 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 58 | 4 | 40 | 7 | 20 | 21 | 40 | 9 | 20 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 47 | |
| May | 1 | 1 | 30 | 1 | 30 | 4 | 22 | 7 | 38 | 25 | 10 | 8 | 44 | 1 | 16 | 0 | 44 |
| 11 | [...] | 30 | 11 | 30 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 51 | 15 | 42 | 8 | 18 | 1 | 18 | 0 | 42 | |
| 21 | [...]d day and no [...] Night | N [...] night but Twilight | 3 | 55 | 8 | 5 | 16 | 10 | 7 | 50 | 1 | 20 | 0 | 40 | |||
| Iune | 1 | 3 | 50 | 8 | 10 | 16 | 20 | 7 | 40 | 1 | 21 | 0 | 39 | ||||
| 11 | 3 | 57 | 8 | 3 | 16 | 26 | 7 | 34 | 1 | 21 | 0 | 39 | |||||
| 21 | 3 | 50 | 8 | 10 | 16 | 20 | 7 | 40 | 1 | 22 | 0 | 38 | |||||
| Iuly | 1 | 3 | 50 | 8 | 3 | 16 | 6 | 7 | 54 | 1 | 20 | 0 | 40 | ||||
| 11 | 0 | [...]2 | 11 | 18 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 51 | 15 | 42 | 8 | 18 | 1 | 18 | 0 | 4 | |
| 21 | 1 | 22 | 10 | 38 | 4 | 22 | 7 | 39 | 15 | 18 | 8 | 42 | 1 | 16 | 0 | 44 | |
| August | 1 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 59 | 7 | 21 | 14 | 42 | 6 | 18 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 46 |
| 11 | 2 | 21 | 9 | 39 | 4 | 58 | 7 | 2 | 14 | 4 | 6 | 56 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 50 | |
| 21 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 5 | 16 | 6 | 44 | 13 | 28 | 10 | 32 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 53 | |
| Septem | 1 | 3 | 30 | 8 | 30 | 5 | 35 | 6 | 25 | 12 | 46 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 57 |
| 11 | 3 | 59 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 56 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 8 | 11 | 52 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| 21 | 4 | 19 | 7 | 41 | 6 | 16 | 5 | 44 | 11 | 28 | 12 | 32 | 1 | 57 | 1 | 3 | |
| Octobe | 1 | 4 | 48 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 36 | 5 | 24 | 10 | 48 | 13 | 12 | 0 | 54 | 1 | 6 |
| 11 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 6 | 56 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 13 | 32 | 0 | 50 | 1 | 10 | |
| 21 | 5 | 18 | 6 | 42 | 7 | 15 | 4 | 46 | 9 | 50 | 14 | 30 | 0 | 47 | 1 | 13 | |
| Novem | 1 | 5 | 37 | 6 | 27 | 7 | 34 | 4 | 26 | 8 | 52 | 15 | 8 | 0 | 44 | 1 | 26 |
| 11 | 5 | 45 | 6 | 17 | 7 | 49 | 4 | 11 | 8 | 22 | 15 | 38 | 0 | 42 | 1 | 18 | |
| 21 | 5 | 54 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 59 | 7 | 58 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 40 | 1 | 20 | |
| Decem | 1 | 5 | 57 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 3 | 50 | 7 | 40 | 16 | 20 | 0 | 39 | 1 | 21 |
| 11 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 13 | 3 | 47 | 7 | 34 | 16 | 26 | 0 | 38 | 1 | 22 | |
| 21 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 52 | 7 | 44 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 39 | 1 | 21 | |
| the hours of ye Day. | the hours of ye Night. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
| Sund | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♃ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ |
| Mond | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☉ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ |
| Tuesd | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ |
| Wednes | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ |
| Thursd | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ |
| Fryd | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ |
| Saturd | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ | ☉ | ♀ | ☿ | ☽ | ♄ | ♃ | ♂ |
Note that to [...]v [...]y day in the week there is appropriated a several Planets as ☉ to Sunday ☽ to Monda [...] ♂ Teusd: &c. & therefore each planet ye [...] this Table you may perceiue that ye sun governs ye first hour after sun [...] on sund▪ ♀ [...] second▪ ☿ [...] ▪ ye Moon governs ye fourth planetary hour & so on▪ ♃ governs [...] plan. hour [...] Night that is after sun set) ♂ ye 2. ☉ ye 3. [...]s you may [...] ye rest.
| Signes. | Houses: Diurn: Noct: | Exaltation | [...] the Planets | The Terms of the Planets. | The faces of the Planets. | [...] | [...] | |||||||
| D: | Noc | |||||||||||||
| ♈ | ♂ D | ☉ 10 | ☉ | ♃ | ♃ . 6 | ♀ . 14 | ☿ . 22 | ♂ . 26 | ♄ . | ♂ . 10 | ☉ . 20 | ♀ . 30 | ♀ | ♄ |
| ♉ | ♀ N | ☽ 3 | ♀ | ☽ | ♀ . 8 | ☿ . 15 | ♃ . 22 | ♄ . 26 | ♂ . 30 | ♀ . 10 | ☽ . 20 | ♄ . 30 | ♂ | |
| ♊ | ♀ D | ☊ 3 | ♄ | ❍ | ♀ . 7 | ♃ . 1 | ♀ . 21 | ♄ . 25 | ♂ . 30 | ♃ . 10 | ♂ . 20 | ☉ . 30 | ♃ | |
| ♋ | ☽ N / D | ♃ 15 | ♂ | ♂ | ♂ . 6 | ♃ . 13 | ☿ . 20 | ♀ . 27 | ♄ . 30 | ♀ . 10 | ♀ . 20 | ☽ . 30 | ♄ | ♂ |
| ♌ | ❍ N / D | ☉ | ♃ | ♄ . 6 | ☿ . 13 | ♀ . 19 | ♃ . 25 | ♂ . 30 | ♄ . 10 | ♃ . 20 | ♂ . 30 | ♄ | ||
| ♍ | ♀ N | ☿ 15 | ♀ | ☽ | ☿ . 7 | ♀ . 13 | ♃ . 18 | ♄ . 24 | ♂ . 30 | ☉ . 10 | ♀ . 20 | ☿ . 30 | ♃ | ♀ |
| ♎ | ♀ D | ♄ 2 | ♄ | ☿ | ♄ . 6 | ♀ . 11 | ♃ . 10 | ☿ . 24 | ♂ . 30 | ☽ . 10 | ♄ . 20 | ♃ . 30 | ♂ | ❍ |
| ♏ | ♂ N | ♂ | ♂ | ♂ . 6 | ♃ . 14 | ♀ . 21 | ☿ . 27 | ♄ . 30 | ♂ . 10 | ☉ . 20 | ♀ . 30 | ♀ | ☽ | |
| ♐ | ♃ D | ♌ 3 | ☉ | ♃ | ♃ . 8 | ☿ . 14 | ☿ . 19 | ♄ . 25 | ♂ . 30 | ☿ . 10 | ☽ . 20 | ♄ . 30 | ☿ | |
| ♑ | ♄ N | ♂ 28 | ♀ | ☽ | ♀ . 6 | ☿ . 12 | ♃ . 19 | ♂ . 25 | ♄ . 30 | ♃ . 30 | ♂ . 20 | ☉ . 30 | ☽ | ♃ |
| ♒ | ♄ D | ♄ | ☿ | ♄ . 6 | ☿ . 12 | ♀ . 20 | ♃ . 25 | ♂ . 30 | ♀ . 10 | ☿ . 20 | . 30 | ☉ | ||
| ♓ | ♃ N | ♀ 27 | ♂ | ♂ | ♀ . ♂ | ♃ . 14 | ☿ . 20 | ♂ . 20 | ♄ . 30 | ♄ . 10 | ♃ . 20 | ♂ . 30 | 0 | ☿ |
against ♈. ♌. ♐. you find ☉. ♃ viz. ☉ governeth by Day in that Triplicity. Over against ♉ ♍. ♑. you find ♀ and ☽; viz. that ♀ hath domination by Day, and ☽ by Night, in that Triplicity. Over against ♊. ♎ ♒. you find ♄. ☿. which rule as aforesaid. Over against ♋. ♏. ♓. you find ♂. which (according to Ptolomy) ruleth only that Triplicity both Day and Night. Overagainst ♈, in the 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Columns, you find ♃ 6. ♀ 14. which tells you the first 6 Degrees of ♈ are the terms of ♃. from 6 to 14 the terms of ♀, &c.
Overagainst ♈, in the 10, 11, 12, Columns, you find ♂ 10. ☉ 20. ♀ 30. viz. the first 10 Degrees of ♈ are the Face of ♂; from 10 to 20, the Face of ☉; from 20 to 30, the Face of ♀, &c.
Overagainst ♈, in the 13 Column, you find ♀ detriment; viz. ♀ being in ♈, is in a Sign opposite to one of her Houses, and so is said to be in her Detriment.
Overagainst ♈ in the 14 Column, you find ♄, and over his head fall; that is, ♄ when he is in ♈, opposite to ♎ (his Exaltation) and so is infortunate, &c.
A Planet dignified as above-said, is said to be in his Essential Dignity. Accidental Dignities are, when Planets are casually in an Angle or succedent House, direct free from combustion.
A Planet in his House or Exaltation, being significant of any Person, denotes him to be in a happy and prosperous Condition, not wanting for the Goods of this Life.
A Planet debilitated, as being in detriment, or fall, and afflicted, denotes the Querent to be in a very low and mean Condition, much dejected and disconsolate.
The Ʋse of the Table of the Planetary or Ʋnequal Hours for every Night and Day in the Year.
To find what Planetary Hour it is, and also what Planet reigneth that Hour.
You must learn at what Hour and Minute the Sun doth rise upon the day proposed; which you may find in each page of the Almanack, and also the true Hour of the Day at any time proposed: Then observe how many Hours and Minutes the said time is after Sun rising; the number of which Hours multiply by 60, and to the Product add the odd Minutes, (if there be any) then the Aggregate divided by the number of minutes that a Planet reigneth, the Quotient will shew the number of a Planetary Hour.
Example.
Suppose that when the Sun riseth at 8 of the Clock, as upon Saturday the 8th of January 1681 it doth, and it be required to know what Planetary Hour it is at 11 a Clock before noon the same day; therefore because 11 a Clock is 3 hours after 8, the Suns rising, multiply 3 by 60, and the Product is 180; which being divided by 40, (for so many minutes are in a Planetary Hour that day) the Quotient is 4 hours 30 minutes: Therefore you may conclude that there are 30 minutes spent of the Planetary Hour.
Having found what Planetary Hour it is, and would know what Planet doth reign that hour, do thus;
Seek the day of the Week in the precedent Table, and the hour of the day on the top of the Table, and [Page 67]in the common Angle of Meeting you will find the Planet that governeth that hour: And in the other precedent Table on the right hand, which is for the Night, is the Planet that governeth the same Hour by Night.
Example.
Upon the aforesaid day, (the 8th of January 1681) it is required to find what Planet reigneth at 11 a Clock before Noon the same day; Therefore according to the aforesaid Rule, you may find there are 30 minutes spent of the fourth Planetary Hour; therefore first find Monday on the side of the said precedent Table, then look for 4 in the head of the Table, and in the common Angle of Metting you will find ♂ to be the Governor that rules the 4th Hour of the same day.
Of the Properties and Natural Effects of the Seven Planets.
Having now shewed what Planet rules each Hour, it will be necessary to shew the Natures, Qualities, and Dispositions of them.
♄ denotes in general, Lands, Houses, Tenements, Country-men, Ancient People, &c.
♃ signifies Judges, Senators, Divines, Riches, Law, Religion, &c.
♂ signifies Souldiers, Physicians, War, Strife and Debate, Theft, and all manner of Cruelty, &c.
☉ signifies Honour, Greatness, noble Persons of all degrees.
♀ denotes Women, Pleasure, Pastimes. all kinds of Delights, Mirth, sweet Odours, &c.
☿ denotes all kinds of Scribes or Secretaries, Mathematicians, Servants, &c.
☽ signifies Women in general, all common and vulgar Persons.
The Ʋse of the Table that sheweth the Altitude of the Sun every hour of the Day, and each day of the Year; with the Rising and Setting of the Sun.
The Description of the Table.
The Months are on the head of the Table, each Month noted with the proper Letter belonging to the Month, as J for January, F for February, M for March, &c.
The Hour-lines that bend downward, are the Summer-hours, those that bend upward are the Winterhours; the small Lines that fall perpendicularly are the Parallel Lines of the days of the Year.
Those that run thwart them at right Angles with these, are the Parallels of the Suns Altitude, proceeding from the Tangent-Line on the right side of the Table.
The lower Line of the top Margent of the Months, represents the Horizon, where you are to find the rising and setting of the Sun.
The Ʋses follow.
To find the Altitude of the Sun on any Hour and Day in the Year.
I would know what Altitude the Sun will have the 10th of May, at 9 of the Clock in the Forenoon, or at 3 in the Afternoon, which is all one.
Therefore find the 10th of May in the Margent of the Months on the top of the Table; then find the hour of 9 on the right hand of the Table, and note the Hour-Line which passes from 8 on the right side, (which are Morning hours) to 3 on the left side (which are the Afternoon hours); then direct your eye down from the 10th of May, in one of the nearest lines that proceeds down-right, until it meets and intersects the said Hour-line; then direct your eye from that Intersection, to one of the thwart Lines that proceeds from the Hour-line, and where that Line meets with the Tangent-Line (on the right side of the Table) to 43, which is the Altitude of the Sun at that day and hour aforesaid: the same is to be understood also of the Winter-Hours.
To find the Rising and Setting of the Sun by the same Table.
The aforesaid 10th of May, note what Hour-Line toucheth the lower Line of the Margent of Months, and there you will see that the hour of 4, which proceeds from the Morning Hour Lines, and you may see that the end of the 4 a Clock Line, doth come [Page 68] [...] [Page 69] [...] [Page 70]short of the said 10th day of May; which shews that the Sun rises a little after 4 of the Clock; and so much after 4 as the rising of the Sun is, so much doth the Sun set before 8 at Night.
The Explanation and Ʋse of the Tables of the Suns Right Ascension; and of the Table of the Stars Right Ascension and Declination.
The Explanation of the Tables.
In the Table of the Suns Right Ascension, the first Page contains the first six Months of the Year, and the next Page the other six Months.
In the first Column towards the left hand, are the days of the month, and in the other Columns is the Suns Right Ascension in Hours and Minutes.
In the Table of the Stars Right Ascension, there are six Columns; in the first, towards the left hand, are the names of the Stars; in the second are the Stars Magnitudes; in the third, the Right Ascension of the Stars in degrees and minutes; in the fourth, the Declination in degrees and minutes; in the fifth, the Right Ascension in hours and minutes; and in the sixth, the Denomination of the Declination, whether North or South.
The Ʋse of the Tables.
First, To find the time of the Stars coming upon the Meridian.
The Rule.
When you have found the Right Ascension of the [Page 71]Sun and Stars for any day proposed; then substract the Right Ascension of the Sun from the Right Ascension of the Star: but if the Stars Right Ascension be less than that of the Sun, add thereto 24 hours, and then substract one from the other; the remainder after substraction is the time of the Stars coming upon the Meridian from Noon: and if the remainder exceed 12 hours, substract 12 hours therefrom, and then the remainder is the time from Midnight.
Example 1.
Suppose the time that the middle of the Pleiades comes on the Meridian, were required to the 5th day of November 1680.
I find the Stars Right Ascension to be 3 hours 26 minutes, and the Suns Right Ascension to be 15 hours 23 minutes.
Now because the Suns Right Ascension is more than the Stars, therefore add to the Stars Right Ascension 24 hours, which makes 27 hours 26 min. from which substracting the Suns Right Ascension, there remains 12 hours 3 minutes; from which substracting 12 hours, there remains 3 minutes: which is the time of the Pleiades coming to the Meridian after Midnight, which was required.
Example 2.
Suppose the time of Pegasus lower Wing coming upon the Meridian on the said 5th of November 1680.
I find in the Table the Stars Right Ascension to be 23 hours 55 minutes, and the Suns Right Ascension to be as before, 15 hours 23 minutes; which being substracted from the Stars Right Ascension, leaves 8 hours 32 minutes, the true time of the Stars coming to the Meridian Afternoon.
Secondly, The time being given, to find what Star will come to the Meridian about the said time.
The Rule.
To the Suns Right Ascension add the time from Noon, at which the Stars coming to the Meridian is required, the sum is the Right Ascension of the Star that will come to the Meridian at that time; with which enter the Table, and look what Stars Right Ascension agrees with the Right Ascension before found, or nearest thereto, and that is the Star sought for.
Example.
Suppose April the 1st, I desire to know what Star will come upon the Meridian at 3 hours after Midnight.
The Suns Right Ascension that day is, 1 hour 21 min. the time from Noon is 15 hours; which added to the Suns Right Ascension makes 16 hours 21 min. the nearest in the Table is the Scorpions Heart, whose Right Ascension is 16 hours 9 min. and comes to the Meridian 12 min. after 4; and Hercules Head, whose Right Ascension is 16 hours 50 min. from which take 16 hours 21 min. and there rests 29 min. after 4 of the Clock, which is the time of Hercules Head coming upon the Meridian. Note, That 16 hours from Noon, is 4 of the Clock next Morning.
| Days | Janua: | Febr. | March | April. | Mar. | June. | July. | August. | Septem. | Octo: | Novem. | Decem. |
| ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | ☉ Right Ascen: | |
| H . M | H . M | H . M | H . M | H . M | H . M | H . M | H . M | H . M | H . M | H . M | H . M | |
| 1 | 19.35 | 21.42 | 23.28 | 01.22 | 03.14 | 05.10 | 07.23 | 09.25 | 11.19 | 13.08 | 15.05 | 17.15 |
| 2 | 19.39 | 21.46 | 23.32 | 01.25 | 03.18 | 05.23 | 07.27 | 09.29 | 11.25 | 13.12 | 15.11 | 17.20 |
| 3 | 19.43 | 21.50 | 23.30 | 01.29 | 03.22 | 05.25 | 07.31 | 09.33 | 11.26 | 13.15 | 15.15 | 17.25 |
| 4 | 19.47 | 21.54 | 23.30 | 01.33 | 03.26 | 05.31 | 07.35 | 09.37 | 11.30 | 13.19 | 15.19 | 17.29 |
| 5 | 19.51 | 21.58 | 23.43 | 01.36 | 03.30 | 05.36 | 07.39 | 09.40 | 11.33 | 13.22 | 15.23 | 17.34 |
| 6 | 19.56 | 22.02 | 23.40 | 01.40 | 03.34 | 05.40 | 07.43 | 09.44 | 11.37 | 13.26 | 15.27 | 17.38 |
| 7 | 20.00 | 22.06 | 23.50 | 01.44 | 03.38 | 05.44 | 07.47 | 09.48 | 11.41 | 13.30 | 15.31 | 17.42 |
| 8 | 20.04 | 22.10 | 23.53 | 01.47 | 03.42 | 05.48 | 07.51 | 09.51 | 11.47 | 13.34 | 15.36 | 17.47 |
| 9 | 20.09 | 22.14 | 23.57 | 01.51 | 03.46 | 05.52 | 07.55 | 09.55 | 11.48 | 13.38 | 15.40 | 17.51 |
| 10 | 20.13 | 22.17 | 00.01 | 01.54 | 03.50 | 05.56 | 07.59 | 09.58 | 11.51 | 13.41 | 15.45 | 17.56 |
| 11 | 20.17 | 22.21 | 00.05 | 01.58 | 03.54 | 06.0 [...] | 08.03 | 10.02 | 11.53 | 13.45 | 15.49 | 18.00 |
| 12 | 20.22 | 22.25 | 00.08 | 02.02 | 03.58 | 06.04 | 08.07 | 10.06 | 11.5 [...] | 13.49 | 15.53 | 18.05 |
| 13 | 20.26 | 22.29 | 00.12 | 02.06 | 04.02 | 06.08 | 08.11 | 10.10 | 12.0 [...] | 13.53 | 15.58 | 18.09 |
| 14 | 20.30 | 22.33 | 00.15 | 02.10 | 04.06 | 06.1 [...] | 08.15 | 10.14 | 12.06 | 13.57 | 16.02 | 18.14 |
| 15 | 20.34 | 22.36 | 00.10 | 02.13 | 04.10 | 06.1 [...] | 08.19 | 10.17 | 12.09 | 14.00 | 16.07 | 18.19 |
| 16 | 20.38 | 22.40 | 00.23 | 02.15 | 04.14 | 06.21 | 08.23 | 10.21 | 12.13 | 14.04 | 16.11 | 18.24 |
| 17 | 20.42 | 22.4 [...] | 00.26 | 02.21 | 04.18 | 06.25 | 08.27 | 10.25 | 12.17 | 14.08 | 16.15 | 18.28 |
| 18 | 20.46 | 22.4 [...] | 00.30 | 02.25 | 04.22 | 06.29 | 08.31 | 10.28 | 12.20 | 14.12 | 16.19 | 18.33 |
| 19 | 20.50 | 22.5 [...] | 00.33 | 02.29 | 04.26 | 06.33 | 08.35 | 10.32 | 12.24 | 14.16 | 16.23 | 18.37 |
| 20 | 20.54 | 22.55 | 00.37 | 02.32 | 04.30 | 06.38 | 08.39 | 10.35 | 12.27 | 14.20 | 16.28 | 18.41 |
| 21 | 20.38 | 22.59 | 00.41 | 02.36 | 04.34 | 06.42 | 08.43 | 10.39 | 12.31 | 14.24 | 16.32 | 18.45 |
| 22 | 21.03 | 23.03 | 00.44 | 02.40 | 04.38 | 06.46 | 08.47 | 10.43 | 12.35 | 14.28 | 16.36 | 18.49 |
| 23 | 21.07 | 23.06 | 00.48 | 02.44 | 04.42 | 06.50 | 08.51 | 10.46 | 12.38 | 14.32 | 16.40 | 18.54 |
| 24 | 21.11 | 23.10 | 00.52 | 02.48 | 04.46 | 06.54 | 08.55 | 10.50 | 12.42 | 14.36 | 16.44 | 18.58 |
| 25 | 21.15 | 23.13 | 00.55 | 02.51 | 04.50 | 06.58 | 08.58 | 10.53 | 12.43 | 14.39 | 16.49 | 19.03 |
| 26 | 21.19 | 23.17 | 00.59 | 02.55 | 04.54 | 07.02 | 09.02 | 10.57 | 12.49 | 14.43 | 16.53 | 19.07 |
| 27 | 21.23 | 23.21 | 01.03 | 02.59 | 04.58 | 07.06 | 09.06 | 11.01 | 12.53 | 14.47 | 16.57 | 19.11 |
| 28 | 21.27 | 23.25 | 01.06 | 03.03 | 05.02 | 07.10 | 09.10 | 11.04 | 12.57 | 14.51 | 17.02 | 19.16 |
| 29 | 21.2 [...] | 01.10 | 03.07 | 05.06 | 07.14 | 09.14 | 11.08 | 13.01 | 14.55 | 17.06 | 19.20 | |
| 30 | 21.35 | 01.14 | 03.10 | 05.11 | 07.19 | 09.17 | 11.11 | 13.04 | 14.59 | 17.11 | 19.25 | |
| 31 | 21.3 [...] | 01.17 | 05.15 | 09.21 | 11.15 | 15.03 | 19.30 |
| Names of ye Stars. | M | R Asc | Decli | R Asc | N / S | |||
| D | M | D | M | H | M | |||
| Pole Star or last in ye [...] | 2 | 7 | 53 | [...]7 | 33 | 0 | 32 | N |
| Anchemidas Candle | 2 | 12 | 31 | [...]3 | 56 | 0 | 50 | N |
| Medusaes head | 3 | 41 | 27 | [...]0 | 35 | 2 | 46 | N |
| Perseus right side | 2 | 44 | 30 | [...]8 | 33 | 2 | 58 | N |
| Middle of the Ple [...]des | 3 | 51 | 22 | [...]3 | 06 | 3 | 26 | N |
| Bulls eye. | 1 | 64 | 0 | 45 | 48 | 4 | 16 | N |
| Hercus or Geat. | 1 | 72 | 44 | 45 | 36 | 4 | 51 | N |
| Ortons lost foot | 1 | 74 | 30 | 8 | 38 | 4 | 58 | S |
| Midshar [...]m Orrons Girdle. | 2 | 79 | 45 | 1 | 28 | 5 | 19 | S |
| Orions [...]ght shoulder. | 2 | 64 | 5 | 7 | 18 | 5 | 36 | N |
| Aurion or Waggoner. | 2 | 64 | 45 | 44 | 36 | 5 | 39 | N |
| Great Dog | 1 | 97 | 24 | 16 | 13 | 6 | 30 | N |
| C [...]ylor or Apollo | 2 | 108 | 00 | 32 | 30 | 7 | 12 | N |
| Linle dog | 1 | 110 | 20 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 41 | N |
| Poullux or Hercules | 2 | 110 | 25 | 28 | 48 | 7 | 22 | N |
| Hydraes heart. | 1 | 137 | 36 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 10 | S |
| Lyons heart | 1 | 147 | 30 | 13 | 30 | 9 | 50 | N |
| Great Pears fore guard | 2 | 160 | 48 | 63 | 32 | 10 | 43 | N |
| Lyons Ruel | 1 | 172 | 45 | 10 | 32 | 11 | 31 | N |
| Virgins Spike. | 1 | 100 | 43 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 07 | N |
| Last in Great Bears tayl. | 2 | 203 | 36 | 51 | 5 | 13 | 34 | N |
| Architius | 1 | 209 | 56 | 21 | 4 | 14 | 00 | N |
| Little Bears fore guard | 2 | 222 | 46 | 75 | 36 | 14 | 52 | N |
| Hightest m ye Crown | 3 | 231 | 00 | 27 | 43 | 15 | 24 | N |
| Scriptions heart | 1 | 242 | 23 | 25 | 37 | 10 | 09 | S |
| [...] head | 3 | 254 | 40 | 14 | 51 | 16 | 59 | N |
| L [...]ra [...] or harp | 1 | 276 | 17 | 38 | 30 | 18 | 25 | N |
| Eagle or Vullure | 1 | 293 | 28 | 8 | 1 | 19 | 35 | N |
| Swans tayl | 2 | 307 | 30 | 44 | 3 | 20 | 30 | N |
| Dolphins head | 3 | 307 | 53 | 15 | 0 | 20 | 32 | N |
| Peoassus month | 1 | 321 | 50 | 8 | 19 | 21 | 27 | N |
| Pomahant | 3 | 339 | 30 | 31 | 12 | 22 | 38 | S |
| Pegassus lower wing | 2 | 358 | 50 | 13 | 22 | 23 | 55 | N |
| ENGLAND | ° | ′ |
| Arundel | 51 | 00 |
| Barwick | 55 | 54 |
| Bedford | 52 | 53 |
| Br [...]tol | 51 | 55 |
| Buckingham | 52 | 10 |
| Cambridg | 52 | 12 |
| Canterbury | 51 | 25 |
| Carlisle | 55 | 20 |
| Chester | 53 | 20 |
| Chickester | 50 | 48 |
| Colchester | 52 | 08 |
| Dover | 51 | 40 |
| Derby | 53 | 00 |
| Dorchster | 50 | 50 |
| Durham | 55 | 00 |
| Exeter | 50 | 50 |
| Falmouth | 50 | 22 |
| Guilford | 51 | 12 |
| Glocester | 52 | 00 |
| Hartford | 51 | 50 |
| Hereford | 52 | 07 |
| Huntington | 52 | 30 |
| Ipswich | 52 | 20 |
| Kendall | 54 | 24 |
| Lancaster | 54 | 15 |
| Leicester | 52 | 45 |
| Lincoln | 53 | 20 |
| London | 51 | 32 |
| Northampton | 52 | 24 |
| Norwich | 52 | 45 |
| Newcastle | 55 | 12 |
| Nottingham | 53 | 00 |
| Oxford | 51 | 43 |
| Portsmouth | 51 | 08 |
| P [...]mouth | 50 | 36 |
| Readina | 51 | 40 |
| Salisbury | 51 | 12 |
| Stafford | 52 | 50 |
| Shrewsbury | 52 | 50 |
| Stamford | 54 | 44 |
| Truro | 50 | 30 |
| Warwick | 52 | 30 |
| Winchester | 50 | 20 |
| Worcester | 52 | 25 |
| York | 54 | 00 |
| WALES | ° | ′ |
| Analesey | 53 | 28 |
| Brecknock | 52 | 10 |
| Cardigan | 52 | 12 |
| Carmarthen | 51 | 58 |
| Car [...]narvan | 53 | 18 |
| Denbigh | 53 | 17 |
| Flint | 33 | 18 |
| Landaire | 51 | 36 |
| Mo [...]outh | 51 | 51 |
| Mongomery | 51 | 56 |
| P [...]mbroke | 51 | 26 |
| Redner | 52 | 20 |
| St. Da [...]ds | 53 | 00 |
| ISLANDS | ||
| Gar [...] | 40 | 30 |
| Iarses | 40 | 12 |
| Lundy | 51 | 22 |
| Man | 53 | 24 |
| Portland | 50 | 30 |
| W [...]h [...] | 50 | 39 |
| SCOTLAND | ||
| Aberdin [...] | 57 | 32 |
| Du [...]blain | 56 | 41 |
| Dundec | 56 | 30 |
| Dunkel | 56 | 48 |
| Edenburgh | 56 | 00 |
| Glascow | 55 | 50 |
| Orkney | 60 | 06 |
| St. Andrews | 56 | 39 |
| Starlings | 56 | 12 |
| IRELAND | ||
| Ant [...]m | 54 | 30 |
| Argl [...]s | 54 | 10 |
| Armagh | 54 | 14 |
| Clare | 52 | 34 |
| Cork | 51 | 53 |
| Dred [...]h | 53 | 38 |
| Dublin | 54 | 27 |
| Dundall | 55 | 54 |
| G [...]a [...]loway | 55 | 02 |
| Kildare | 53 | 00 |
| Kno [...]kferans | 54 | 37 |
| Kinsale | 51 | 41 |
| Lainer [...]ck | 52 | 30 |
| Waterford | 52 | 00 |
| Wexford | 52 | 18 |
Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn Aquarius Pisces Virgo Leo Cancer Gemini Tavrus Aries
Microcosmus
Pi [...]ita
Sanguis
Cholera
Cor Caroli
Ursa major
Tropicus Cancri
Corona Borealis
Arturus
Boots
Coma Berenices
Cor Caroli
Linea Aequinoctalis
Linea Eclipticus
Sarpentarius
Linea Aequi
Tropi Cancri
Pegasus
Piscis Aust
Cygnus
Lyra
Cepheus
Draco
Tropicus Cancri
Corona Borealis
Hercules
Lyra
Tropicus Cancri
Linea Aequinoctialis
Delphinus
Antinous
Aquila
Cassiopea
Triangulum
Tropicus Cancri
Andromeda
Pisces Bor.
Auriga
Capella
Perseus
Caput Medusae
Aries
Taurus
Aldebar [...]n
Gemini
Cancer
[...] [...]is
Leo
Cor Leonis
Virgo
Libra
Scorpius
Sagittarius
Capricornus
Aquarius
Piscis Austrinus
Piscis Bor.
Linum Piscium
Piscis Aust
Magnitudines Stellarum 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ara
Linea Eclipticus
Linea Equinoctia [...]lis
Cetus
Tropicus Capricorni
Tropicus Cancri
Eridanus
Tropicus Capricorni
Canis major
Syrius
Argo
Columba Noachi
Lupus
Centaurus
Pe [...] Centaur
Crosiers
Linea Aequinoctialis
Procyon
Canicula
Eclipticus
Spica
Tropicus Capricorni.
Corvus
Crater
Hydra
Orion
Linea Aequinoctialis
Syrius
Regeli
Aldebaran
Acarnar
Phoenix
Hydrus
Toucan
Grus
Indus
Pavo
Triangulum
Apus
Chamaeleon
Musca
Robar. Carolinum
Pisces volans
Xiphias