ASTROLOGY FULLY Vindicated and Defended FROM ALL The Aspersions and Calumnies of the Antagonists thereof: As also its Legality and Verity proved, both by the Testimony of the Scriptures, Fathers, Antients, and the consession of Councels: With a clear Vindication of the Authors Lux Veritatis, from the vilifying Reproaches of Dr. Homes and his Second; and that the purity of the Science remaineth still untainted, notwithstanding all their Reply.
CHAP. I. Proving Astrology to be one of the Liberal Sciences.
WHen I first entred upon these my Labours, I thought by reason of the bulk, and for that it had been of late traduced by the ignorant, it would be very convenient to prefix some Discourse which might tend both to the vindication thereof, and the manifestation of its sublime excellency and verity; whereupon at my spare times, I entred upon this subsequent Discourse: upon my first conception thereof, I thought it would not have exceeded a short Preface; but being brought forth, I perceived both for the largeness of its bulk, and variety of discourse, it deserved rather the denomination of a Book, which I call A Vindication of Astrology. I shall not need to say any more thereof, only refer thee to its perusal, and here begin our matter, with the Answer of an Objection, the better to usher in our following intentions; which is,Object. That Astrology is none of the Liberal [Page 2]Sciences,Answ. but Astronomy is. The vanity of which Objection shall be cleared here beneath, it being indeed one and the same Art, though two distinct parts or properties. But first, least some may question whether it be an Art, for that, as they suppose, Aristotle in some parts of his Works seems to deny it; yet upon better consideration, there is no rational man but will soon finde that he is so far from denying any such thing, that he speaketh as much thereof as any Astrologer can.Aristotle maketh no difference between Astrology and Astronomy, but together wi [...]h Physicks acknowledgeth them all one and the same Art, though distinct parts. Look further, Aristotle Methaphys. 6. and 12. and 1. Polit. cap. 7. and several other places, too tedious to relate here. Also his 2. De Coelo text 17. and lib. de proprieta. element. and lib. de mundo cap. 9. and in the 4. de generatione animalium, cap. 10. for there is none that is well acquainted with his manner of Writing, but knows that he indifferently useth the Name of Astrologer and Astronomer for one and the same; and also in other places, Astrologer and Philosopher, as making no difference between them, which here to particularize were both tedious and superfluous in so clear a case; and in his Phys. lib. 2. cap. 2. he makes no more difference between Astrology, Astronomy and Physicks, then the particular names of the head, hand and foot, &c. do make that they are different things from the body, though distinct members, when all rational men know that notwithstanding they are several parts, yet they all conduce to the composition of one intire body.
Wherefore in my Lux veritatis or defence of Astrology, chap. 1. sect. 3. I bring Aristotle to affirm Astrology to be Scientia media, a Science between the Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy; wherefore those that finde not these very words, Scientia media, in the above said 2. of Phys. cap. 2. if they finde so much inferred, it is sufficient to evince such carpers at Truth, to be either void of matter of discourse, or envious, or both; when it is clear he makes no more distinction between the one and the other, then what you have but now heard.
I forbear here, to set down the testimony of Averroes in his Com. on the 12. of the Metaph. Text 44. and on the second Book of Phys. cap. 2. but refer you to the perusal of that 3. Sect. aforesaid, where you shall also finde that in his Comment 7. of the third of his Metaph. he affirmeth Astrology to be a Mathematical Art; and this is acknowledged by all the Judicious and learned; neither do any but Fools and Novices make it a distinct Art or Science of it self, but a part of Astronomy, Physicks and Natural Philosophy, which make up one intire Liberal Science;Astrology one of the Liberal Sciences. this is well known to the Learned; yet for the satisfaction of some weak headed Momuses have I thus plainly delivered my self, who carp and rail at what they are ignorant of.
Further Averroes, Text 44. of the 12. of the Metaph. (amongst many more, which to insert here would make my labours of too great a bulk) acknowledgeth Astrology to be an Art; but in this place, I say he hath these words, Ita autem ars propria est huic intentioni inter alias Mathematicas, quia considerat de substantiis aeternis sensibilibus; aliae autem Scientiae Mathematicae considerant de accidentibus, ut ars Arithmetica, & Geometria. And in his Comments on the 2. de Coelo, Text 58. he attributeth so much to the power of the Heavens over these inferior Bodies, that he confesseth one Star to have a greater power then another: and also in the 68. Text of the same Book, he acknowledgeth every star to have his own particular operation, &c.
Of the legality, great esteem and antiquity of Astrology standing firm and unshaken for ought all the envious carpers and Ignoramuses can say. How Astrology and Astronomy came separated. Astrology and Astronomy one and the same Science.As touching the legality and great esteem Astrology was in in former Ages, I shall here (for brevitie sake) refer thee to the perusal of the 4. Section of the 1. Chapter of my Lux veritatis, and for its Antiquity to the 5. Section of the same Chapter; for there is nothing more certain, then it hath been ever in most high esteem by all the more grave sort of Councels, States, Kingdoms and Empires; as also by the chiefest and wisest sort of men studied and maintained, it being the chiefest of all studies under the Sun, and among the Learned the most coveted after.
For though it hath been (by the malicious adversaries thereof) distinguished from Astronomy, yet (I say) by the Learned and Judicious never; for though they are distinct parts, yet are they one intire Science, and that, one of the seven Liberal Sciences, as you have heard; wherefore the simplicity and ignorance of some weak-braind men who make this distinction, ought not to be countenanced, staining and traducing thereby the chiefest of Sciences that was ever studied by men; for that they, and they only were the first that made them any wise reputed several, shall beneath appear; for since it comes here so opportunely in my way, I will give you (for the farther clearing of this point) [Page 3]the testimony of some former and authentick Writers, though were I not confined to somewhat a narrow bounds, I might insert most or all Writers that were any ways Judicious; but since, Verbum Sapienti sat est, and the case so clear and unquestioned amongst rational men, I shall (as brief as may be) give thee some, and then proceed, that I may hasten (as hath been said) to say somewhat of one that hath put forth a patcht pretended Reply to my Lux Veritatis in answer to Doctor Nathaniel Homes.
CHAP. II. That Astrology and Astronomy are one and the same Science, and that they were ever so received by the Ancients.
I Have already declared the testimony of Aristotle on this point, and if we peruse the works of Ptolomie, we shall finde also,Ptolomy maketh no difference between Astrologie and Astronomie. that he maketh no difference between the one and the other; and more particularly (not to insist long hereon) Lib. 1. cap. de Quadr. & cap. 3. de Quadr. he calleth there the Art of Astrology Astronomy, and the Predictions Astronomical; so confounding the distinction of the parts with the essential name of the Science. Wherefore though Ptolomie hath, by some brain-sick men, been brought to condemn Astrologie, The apparent folly of these men that produce Ptolomy against Astrology. we see thereby the folly of such envious and ignorant gain-sayers of what they are altogether unknown in: for it is very strange that he should be produced to condemn what he hath taught to the world in four Books in Folio; but such is the stupidity and perversness of the Antagonists thereof, that when Astrologers declare and shew manifestly the power and efficacy of the influence of the Stars, there they accuse them with impiety and illegal practices: and when they sincerely teach not to ascribe so much to the Stars, as to neglect these inferiour causes, but to joyn the consideration of the one with the other; here (not considering, nor indeed understanding the scope and intentions of their Writings) they pick out certain particular places of their works which they think makes for their idle conceits and cavils to the condemnation of Astrology, What the Antients deserve at our hands for their care & pains of us; for ingratitude is abominable. and the labours of those that herein have spent their whole lives for the benefit of these after Ages; who have by us small requital of their care and pains thus to traduce them, when they ought rather by us to be eternized with Statues of Gold, and whole volumes of praises in perpetuum.
Hermes Trismegistus also in his Centiloquium, calleth the Art no other then Astrology, Hermes. and the Students Astrologers.
And Tully also in all his Works calleth the Art no other then Astrologie, Tully. never so much as once mentioning Astronomy; for in Lib. 2. de Divinitat. he maketh predictions a part of Astrology, and not an Art of it self, when he testifieth of Cassander and Archelaus that they were excellent in other parts of Astrology, yet never used Predictions.
And Plinie lib. 7. cap. 37. witnesseth that Berosus, And Plinie. for his Divine Predictions in Astrology, had his Statue erected him with a golden tongue.
The Septuagints in the 47. of Isa. also make no difference of Astrology and Astronomy, nor Astrologers and Astronomers, The Septuagints also. comprehending them both under the name Astrologers, and the Art under the word Astrology.
Galen also, lib 3. cap. 6. & 12.Likewise Galen De diebus decret. contrariwise calleth the Egyptian Astrologers Astronomers.
And the same doth Cassiodorus, Plato, and Philo.And again Cassiodorus comprehendeth the works and effects of the Stars under the word Astronomy where he defines Astrology: so also Plato, Philo, and indeed all learned Writers; which, since to the Judicious this is so well known, I shall not need here longer to insist; only shall also add this, that Bonatus in his 11. ch. De confirm. Astrol. Scientiae, maketh Astrology as did Aristotle (as you have already heard) a part of Astronomy in these words, Astronomia est Sciencia per quam non solum praesentium, Bonatus consenteth to the same. verum etiam praeteritorum [Page 4]ac futurorum habetur cognitio. See also his 14 chap. where under the word Astronomy, as you may see in the Contents of the chapter he proveth Astrology to be one of the Liberal Sciences. Astronomie is a Science by which not onely present things but what is past and to come may be known. Here you see by these words he comprehendeth Astrology under the name and word Astronomie. And then as I have said in the following words, shews it is a part of the same Art; definitur etiam alio modo, viz. In duas partes sive species ipsius breviter, contemplativam scilicet & activam; quae sunt Astrologia & Astronomia. It is defined also another way, viz divided into two parts or kinds, to wit, contemplative and active, which are Astrologie and Astronomie.
Thus you see here what difference the Antients have made betwixt the one part and the other; and he in that same chapter further sheweth how they differ, where he saith, In quo differunt istae duae partes dicam tibi, in what these two parts differ I shall shew thee; and so forward; wherefore then this being apparently manifest, I shall not here spend more time or trouble thee, referring thee for further satisfaction to his twelfe chapter, where he sheweth cleerly both the parts and species of Astronomie; and I believe an artificer is best able to deliver a definition of his own Art, and rather to be believed then one altogether ignorant therein, which that man must needs be, that will be so peremptorily base and impudent, or rather imprudent, as to deny what is thus confessed by all Antient and Authentick writers of this heavenly and most delectable and admired Science; neither upon due consideration will any man finde the knowledge of the motions,Astronomy of no great use or validity without Astrology. which is one part of the Science, to be of much use or validity without the true understanding of their effects, &c.
And here also I may add one word to that fourth Section of my first chapter, I have referred thee to, that he also in his next chapter, viz, the thirteenth, witnesseth that Abraham taught the Egyptians his Art, and that Atlas who was afterwards so excellent therein that it was thought of him, he was a God, and therefore was supposed (through his excellency in his knowledge therein) to support thr Heavens on his shoulders.
CHAP. III. Containing the Excellency and Nobility of the Science of Astrology, as also its Antiquity, and the admirable power and vertue of the Heavens.
Astrology first revealed to the first man Adam by God himself; Not Diabolical or illegal, but most lawful and most to be desired of all other natural Sciences. A great means to draw us to God and acquaint us with his Divine incomprehensible self. Nota.LOok also into the Preface of Gerson his Trilogium Astrologiae Theologizatae (who reduces in that piece Astrology to Divinity) and you shall finde that he acknowledgeth it an admirable and Noble Science, revealed to Adam the first Patriark by God, and so to his posterity; Ergo, most lawful, and to be desired above all Sciences in the World, not being either Diabolicall, Illegal, opposite to trust or confidence of God, but indeed rather a great means to acquaint us with his Heavenly and incomprehensible divine selfe, when by the motions and constant influences of the Coelestial bodies, we know the corruption, generation and procreation of all things in this Elementary world, and so contemplate and talk or converse daily and hourly with him who is not to be beheld by fraile mortal eys, or flesh, nor to stand in the immediate presence of that dreadful omnipotent God, whose voice alone is a consuming fire, &c. Gersons words (I say) are Propterea non est hoc negandum de Astrologia, quam esse Scientiam Nobilem, & admirabilem, primo Patriarchae Adam, & sequacibus revelatam, Theologia non abnegat. Wherefore it is not to be denyed of Astrology, but to be a Noble and admirable Science, revealed first to Adam and his posterity, Divinity refuseth or denyeth not; for there is nothing more certain then that God hath in his secret wisdom so disposed of the constitution of the Coelestial bodies, that his Will by their operations and several influences is acted and performed thereby; so that to the end of the world it is fore-ordained and decreed by him to be so performed and accomplished by them, according to the opinion and excellent judgement of P. de Ariaco, who in his Concordance [Page 5]of Astrology with Divinity, proveth the Flood, Sects, Noahs flood, Sects, Schisms, and other accidents foreknown and signified by the Heavens. The Heavens is Gods instrument, by which he governeth and ruleth this Elementary world. The Heavens have many and divers vertues and obey the Commandment of God. Schisms and other most notable accidents to be signified in Heaven long before; and this is confirmed also by Gerson, who in his second Proposition, acknowledged Heaven to be (as indeed it is) the Instrument of God, whereby he governeth this corruptible and inferiour Elementary world. And further saith he, Erraverunt hic aliqui, dicentes coelum nihil agere, sed tantummodo signum esse, allegantes illud, & erunt in signa & tempora. They erre who think the Heavens do nothing, but are onely for signes, alleadging that, and they shall be for signes and seasons, &c. For he further in the third Proposition, saith and approveth it to be a probable and subtile opinion, that God foreknowing the chances of men, had described certain agreeable tokens in Heaven, concurring with the course of the world even to the day of judgement. By this I say is my words, and the opinion of P. de Ariaco confirmed; and in the fourth Proposition, he declareth that Heaven hath received many and divers vertues of God, according to the variety of the parts of the Stars, of the Planets and of the motions of them, though not comprehended by all men; and so forward he testifieth, that they obey the commandment of God. But this by the way; let us now proceed.
CHAP. IV. That the Heavens and Stars have influence on inferiour and Elementary things, Proved by Scripture or the word of God; And acknowledged by Philosophers, and the learned in former ages.
LEt us now then, (having cleered this Objection, viz. That Astronomie is an Art or one of the Liberal Sciences, but not Astrology, and proved that they are one and the same Science, though distinct parts, and that they were distinguished but of late times by ignorant cavillers against it,) prove that the Heavens have influence together with the Stars, on Elementary and sublunary things; being also by many unknown in the works of God, (not to use a harsher terme) denyed to have any.
The Heavens or influence of the stars cause of Fertility and Sterility. Of Sterility.That the Heavens have a great and strong influence on sublunary Elementary things, as touching sterility and fertility, which we shall here begin first with, there is none but who are most impious, will dare to deny, since the Word of God himselfe sheweth us the truth thereof: for first if you look into the 26 of Leviticus, ver. 19. you shall finde there, the Lord threatning his children with sterility for disobedience, saith, I will make your Heaven as Iron, and your Earth as Brass; viz. The Heavens shall not duly by their influence distill those comfortable showers of fertility, they shall be hard as Iron, and your earth as brass, that it shall not receive any impression there from, &c. And so likewise on the contrary, when of his infinite Goodness and Mercy he promiseth plenty, he sayeth, I will hear the Heavens, and the Heavens shall hear the earth, and the earth shall hear the corn, and the wine, and the oile, and they shall heare Jezreel, Hos. 2.21, 22.Of Fertility. So that hereby you see cleerly a dependency of the earth on the Heavens, and their influence; Jezreel the people of the Lord, when their ways shall please him, shall be heard by the corn, wine, and oile, viz. all sufficient necessaries, they being comprehended under these words; and these having their dependency as it were from the earth, as growing out of it, shall be heard or assisted by it, or furthered to its utmost ability; but all this will not do, without the Heavens hear or assist the earth with its sweet influence; nor, then, except God the disposer and orderer of all things, hear and give his blessing to the Heavens; so that hereby we see God most cleer in the order and disposal of nature,God is to be seen in the order of nature, and in his works. Nota. who is the first moving and efficient cause, to whom all causes are but subordinate; yet you see that next unto himself the Stars are secondary causes, and from him immediate causes of all our earthly enjoyments or afflictions; for what causeth that amongst corn, the ground being diligently tilled and painfully mannured by the Husband-man, and the Corn sowed herein being clean [Page 6]and pure, from other mixture of seeds; what causeth, I say, that yet notwithstanding, there will several flowers both blew, red, and purple, grow amongst it, also out of the same seed, Darnel, solders, and smutty geare? if this be not occasioned through and by the influence of the Heavens, it is occasioned by nothing in the whole fabrick of the world. But yet for further confirmation hereof, the 33 of Deut. v. 14. you see, doth manifestly make it apparent, where the whole influence of the Heavens, and the increase of all Vegetatives are attributed to the Sun and Moon, viz. For the precious fruits brought forth by the Sun, Nota. and for the precious things put or thrust forth by the Moon.
Again we see cleerly in many places of Scripture, the stars are called the Hoasts of Heaven, Further that the stars have influence. which certainly would never have been thus named, were they of no force and efficacy, the word hosts intimating their power and strength; see 2 King. chap. 17. ver. 16. and chap. 21. ver. 3.5. and chap. 23. ver. 4, 5, &c. So likewise God himselfe expressing his omnipotent and irresistible power and force, he is called the Lord of Hosts, Isa. 24. v. 23. Is. 23.9. and chap. 22. v. 5.12.14, 15, 25, and many several other places which are worth the while to peruse.
But further to put this matter quite out of doubt, viz. That the stars have their influence on Elementary bodies, see Deut 4.19. where you see cleerly they are for the use of man divided or imparted unto all Nations under the Sun, by which if any man shall conclude and affirm is meant their light,Object. or that distinction which they cause between day and night,Answ. and of seasons; I must needs tell him his conclusion is very weak, since we have so small use of their light either in the day or night, that it may very well be counted none at all; and as touching that distinction of days and seasons, the Sun and Moon would be sufficient for that matter without those innumerable Hoasts of Heaven the starres: Nota. therefore the use of the stars must in this place have a further constrution.
The influence of the stars extends to the temperature of men, as we see in Lunatick. To the success of mens affairs also, though denyed by some. The influence of the stars acknowledged by Philosophers.Moreover that their influences have power and extend to the temperature of men, appeareth Matth. 17.14. where the lunatick is offered unto Christ to be healed, whose distemper, as experience and common example sheweth, followeth the course of the Moon, and to the success of mens affairs, doth yet further appeare by Judg. 5.20. where it is recorded that the stars in their courses fought against Sisera, of the which more anon, as also that passage in the 38 of Job, and the 19 Psal. as touching the Pleiades and Orion, and that the Heavens declare the glory of God, their voice or language of the stars being gone through the whole earth, &c.
Thus have we cleerly seen the influence of the stars proved by the Word of God; how they were esteemed in former ages by all Philosophers, Emperours, Kings, and the nobler spirited people you may see if you will have regard to the 4 Sec. chap. 1. of my Lux Veritatis, where you may see not onely the great esteem the Art was in amongst all wise and learned men in former ages, but also the names of the chiefest Patriarchs, Fathers, Philosophers, Emperours, and Kings that were students herein; which notwithstanding the pretended arguments of the envious against it, stands unshaken, as will appeare to any that shall peruse it, comparing it with the pretended Replyers discourse; therefore here I shall refer thee thereunto, being desirous to be as short as possibly I can.
CHAP. V. Shewing that observation may be made of the Stars motions, in answer to those that hold it impossible for any man in his days to observe the particular configurations of every Planet, with the fixed Stars, and with one another; as also that thereby we may discern their influence if we have any capacity.
Observation teacheth us the stars influence.I Shall here therefore now shew, that observation will clearly evince us that the Stars have admirable influence on these inferiour and elementary things; for though it be most certain that the Heavens make not their Revolution under 36000. years, yet is its variation so slow, as that it dependeth upon the motion of the fixed Stars; so that before there can be any great difference worth speaking of, the same constellations may be often observed in particular, though not in the whole; for the fixed Stars according to the neerest account of our late Writers, or the sphear in which they are, move not above one degree, which is 60. minutes in 72. years, in which time there is none, but who are altogether ignorant, that cannot make sufficient observation of every constellation worth noting for the confirmation of their influence; for though they move from East to West once in 24. hours, so making this Diurne Revolution 366. times in a year, yet since in respect of the motion of this Sphear from West to East these 366. Revolutions causeth not a minutes difference; it must needs follow that the very same fixed stars do rise, culminate, set,That the true nature of the Stars may be known and how. and lie in the same Circle of position, and also may be in configuration of the Sun, and any of the other Planets, and that so exactly in one and the same place or part of Heaven, that it is impossible with any instrument to discern any variation either in the longitude, latitude, declination, right or oblique ascention thereof; so that hereby it is clear the nature of any star may be found out, and be exactly known.
The power of the Planets.But now as touching the Planets; first, we attribute, as is clear to every vulgar notion most power and efficacy to the Sun, next to the Moon, then to Venus, and so to Mercury, and next to Jupiter and Saturn, and lastly to Mars; this (I mean) in relation to their motion with the Sun; for by how much the light of the Planets to us is greater and their motion swifter, by so much are their operations necessarily the more apparent and manifest to us or our sense: we prefer Venus before Mercury, for that though he be swifter, yet is she the greater, and so consequently of more efficacy: and the reason why Mars is of least note, or most obscure unto us is, for that he is lesse then Saturn and Jupiter, who are preferred before him, and moveth in so large and great an Epicycle, that he seldomest rancounters with the Sun.
The significations of the influence of the Stars are soon found out in relation to their configurations with the Moon, with the Sun, Venus and Mercury. In relation to the configurations of Saturn, Jupiter and Mars with them.And we know that the Moon (as I have said in chap 4. of my Lux Veritatis, sect. 2.) finisheth her course through the Zodiack every 28. days and some odd hours, viz. twelve times in a year; by which we may, and do plainly perceive her configurations, viz. Conjunction, Sextile, Trine, Square and Opposition with every Star in the whole Heavens, both fixed and errant, and thereby their nature and mixture often to be known and discerned, and that very certainly.
The Sun, Venus and Mercury also, do every year once finish their course, so that also hereby every year we may, and do plainly see and finde out their own specifical nature, and the properties of the other Stars, viz. fixed, as also their mixtures, and that before any sensible errour can be made by the motion of the Starry Sphear.
Again, Saturn, Jupiter and Mars, although they are (by reason of their superiority) of flower motion, yet doth it neither any ways hinder, but that their effects may easily and soon (as also their mixtures among themselves and the fixed stars) be known; for though Saturn be 29. years, some odd moneths and days, making his revolution, or running [Page 8]his course through the twelve Signs of the Zodiack, Jupiter twelve years, Mars three years; yet by reason of their long continuance in every sign, as also by their retrogradations, stations and directions coming often to the conjunction of the Stars in the Sign wherein they are, and to the Aspects of others in other Signs, we cannot but often and plainly be taught to perceive the several influence of every star in the whole Zodiack without the least sense of errour, especially since the Luminaries also, the Sun and Moon in the mean time come to them, and so make commixture of their influence, yearly and monethly.
The Influence of the Stars taught at large by former Astrologers.Of all which the Student in Astrologie cannot be ignorant, if he but warily observe his Authors, who have sufficiently and largely declared them all unto him, as they by observation, and frequent practice have both been found out and approved by them to be most effectually true from Age to Age; yet if thou beest so curious (as I could wish thou wert, and all other ingenious souls) as that thou wilt make particular observation thereof thy self,Nota. thou mayest see that before the Starry Heaven moveth a degree, Saturn, who is the very slowest of the Planets, finisheth his course, and cometh to Conjunction, Sextile, Square, Trine or Opposition of every particular Star, of every particular magnitude, in every particular of the twelve Signs of the Zodiack twice; and Jupiter six times, Mars 24. times; the Sun, Venus, and Mercury 72. times, and the Moon 864. times or thereabouts; but oftner and more frequently they meet with one another (I mean the Planets) as the great Conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter happeneth once in twenty years; of Saturn and Mars once in two years, &c. So that particular observation of their effects may easily, and that in a mans life be both observed and known distinctly, I say, if any be thus curious.
Thus far chiefly, to clear the point I intend here next to insist upon, viz. That the Stars and their influence have power over all sublunary things; least some should (as of late they have) render themselves ridiculous to posterity, in denying both their effects and power, or at least, in affirming man (if they have any) is not able to comprehend the depth thereof, &c.
CHAP. VI. That the variation of the Heavens from their places wherein they were in Ptolomies time, or at the first Creation, causeth no erring in Astrological Iudgements.
Object. ANd first, since it is objected by some, That the true effects of the stars cannot be known by us, for that Ptolomie, whom we account as a chief Doctor amongst us in the delivering the mysteries and instructions of this Art, writ so long since, that the Heavens are gone some whole degrees from their places, they were in at his time, and therefore the same Rules will not now hold which he delivered.
Answ. For the answering of this Objection, I should do well to say no more then this, that it is altogether weak, and occasioned through ignorance, &c. and not trouble my self further to answer what needs no answer;The motion of the Heavens since Ptolomies time, nor indeed since the first Creatlon, is any cause of errour in Astrologers judgements in this our Age. but least those for whom I have undertaken these my labours, should then, for that they are not well grounded in the Art, think this Goliah to be more then it is; I shall say thus much, that Ptolomie tyed us not by his Writings to be confined to use his Rules for those places the Signs were in at that time; but thus, Saturn in Aries signifieth so and so, where ever Aries be removed; for it is the nature of the Sign the Planet is in, that causeth him to have such and such a signification, not the place where the Sign is, in respect of the Revolution of the Starry Sphear; for then we (making no such observation for the direction of our Judgements) should never be able to predict any thing of certainty; besides if this had been necessary, Ptolomy [Page 9]would have taught us accordingly, and also have directed the precepts of the Art to have dependency on the place of the Heavens at the Creation, which were as far removed before his time as they have been since ; so that since the first Creation of all things, Aries the first sign (and so consequently uniformly all the rest in that Starry Sphear) is removed and revolved in the course of its motion neer upon three whole signs, according to Ticho his Account, which if this were of any, or the least moment (as I have said) we should never possibly be able (having no regard thereunto) to foretell any thing with certainty; But our Rules run on another strain (as hath been said) viz. a Planet in such a Sign, signifieth so and so, let it be by its revolution where it will, &c. But this we finde daily certain, and the other consequently then of no efficacy; as for example.
We see clearly, and that to be testified by every vulgar notion, that when the Sun comes into the Equinoctial point of Aries, the Spring forthwith begins to shew it self;The aforesaid objection cleared by example. every thing by its humidity and temperate heat, being thereby made to flourish, and as it were to rise again from the dead, which have by the tedious blasts of the Hyemnal Ayr been kept in obscurity; and this without respect to the place where Aries was in Ptolomies time, or at the first Creation; which neither then at that time had any other but the same efficacy now they have, though they may be intended or remitted by the conjunctions and configurations of the Planets, or by the variation of their declination, as they dart their beams more or less down perpendicularly upon us, and so work more or less powerfully at one time then another in the same place.
So likewise when he enters into the first Solstice, or the Tropick of Cancer (he being then neerest our Zenith) causeth Summer; in the second Equinoctial, Libra, Autumn; in the last Trophick, Capricorn, Winter, &c.
But to put this matter quite out of doubt, let us but observe when the Sun comes into the Sign Taurus, and stirreth up the vertue of the Pleiades and Hyades in that sign,Manifested by common experience. and the Hoedi to the North thereof, and Orion to the South, as also Arcturus then setting; and we shall see these Constellations (being naturally violent and tempestuous) do raise Southern and moist winds for certain days together, watring the earth, and causing those seeds and vegetables (not before to be discerned) to spring forth and appear; and this hath not only been delivered unto us from Antiquity, but we every year (towards the latter end of that moneth, we vulgarly call April) finde it by experience most true: Hence that old English Proverb, even amongst the illiterate that know nothing of the cause, April showers, bring May flowers.
Farther yet manifest.Again when the Sun riseth with the Dog-star, we see it causeth many infirmities, and vehemency of heat, so that Hipoc. Aphor. 4, 5. saith, Medicines are hard, or obnoxious that are administred under the Dog-star; likewise we see Dogs at this time apt to run mad, the Sea to be troubled, and all Creatures whatsoever in one sort or other perplexed; and this is known commonly to all the vulgar, as well as the learned, and therefore needs not farther to be amplified: yet in some Summers,Why the Dog-Days are not all years alike contagious. this time is not so contagious as again in other years, which happens according to the places and configurations of the Luminaries with the other Planets and fixed Stars, according to their intentions and remissions, neither cold nor heat proceeding from the absence or presence of the Sun, as some weakly conceive; for then all Summers would be alike hot, as also all Winters alike cold, since the Sun keeps his constant motion, and is never more elongated nor appropriated, one year then another: And this we see also every year when the Sun comes near the 18. Degree of Cancer, wherein the little or lesser Dog is, notwithstanding the Revolution of the Starry sphear; for otherwise it would be about the time he is in the 27. Degree of Gemini, which is about the latter end of that moneth we commonly term May.
A third manifestation thereof.Lastly, and with this I shall conclude as touching this point, and then proceed: There is no man that hath any knowledge in Astrologie, but can affirm, that the Weather will be tempestuous, stormy and turbulent, Saturn going out of one Sign into another, according to Hermes, Centil. 33. and other sayings of the Ancients, which if to be observed as they were just at the time Ptolomie writ, or at the first Creation, it will now be when he is in the middle, or towards the latter end of a sign, as the signs are now; for that Aries is now in our times very far in Taurus, or where Taurus was in Ptolomies time; but this hindreth or varieth no more the Influence of the Heavens from their [Page 10]natural properties and inclinations, then to affirm a Faggot or any other combustible thing will not burn, although it be put into the fire, because it is not in a Chimney, or any such whimsical assertion, &c. wherefore let us now shew the power of their Influence, and so discharge our former promise, since it here so fitly offereth it self.
The Stars causes next under God the first moving cause. By the study of the Stars we see God in his works.What hath been already said is sufficient to satisfie any man who is not disposed, or given over to obstinacy, of the verity and certainty of Astrology: but for farther satisfaction, I think good yet to proceed to some particular effects of the Stars, that God may be glorified in his Works, being himself the first moving cause of all their wonderfull operations, that we may (according to the Apostle) see him in his Works, though not worthy to behold him as he is in himself, nor indeed able, so long as we carry this earthy Tabernacle about us unchanged and unglorified.
First then, because we are to hasten to say somewhat to a pretended reply to my Lux Veritatis, least this first Book swell to a bigger bulk then I would willingly have it: I shall briefly speak of the Planets first, and then of the fixed Stars, or as they are both joyned together, and so hasten to a conclusion.
CHAP. VII. Shewing the powerful influence of the Stars and Planets, and how far we are to have regard to the fixed Stars.
MOreover, having then seriously considered what hath been said, it is clear to every capacity, that by consequence, according to the account of Ticho, the annual motion of the stars, not being above 58. seconds, and 58. thirds; it is most palpably clear, that all that while, they rise with the same degree of the Zodiack unto which the Sun yearly coming, at times prefixed and known, further by their presence the work and effects of the Sun, after one and the same manner, and so do not of themselves at all betoken plenty or scarcity more in one year then another;The fixed stars no cause of plenty, or scarcity of themselves: but the Planets by reason of their various motions are. Dearth, plenty, drought, plagues, alterations of the ayr; the course of Navigation and Husbandry, also the rule and sole government of the earth, as all accidents therein, ascribed to the influence of the Planets. but this variety and change (as also the generation and corruption of all things) is to be referred to those stars that have divers motions, viz. the Planets, and this there is none that is Compos mentis will shew themselves so ridiculous as to deny; for by means of their various motions, they being particular Agents, apply their vertue and influence diversly on these inferiour bodies; causing thereby the difference of the plenty of one year over another, &c. So that hereby the weakest Judgement may soon discern that the diversity of plenty and scarcity between one year and another, dependeth not on the rising or setting of the fixed Stars, but on the commixture of the Influence of the Planets with them; wherefore we see Clem. Alex. in his Eglogues doth not only make the Stars signs, foretelling the changes of the ayr, and plenty, dearth, plagues, drought, &c. and in his Strom. lib. 6. necessaries to direct the course of Husbandry and Navigation, but also in the same sixth Book a little further, in his discourse of the seven Planets, he ascribeth the Rule and Government of the Globe of the earth thereunto, testifying farther that the Chaldeans by them▪ did judge of the future events of all things appertaining to this frail life; and also of Accidents to come. Look more Ptol. lib. 1. cap. 2. de Quadrip. where may be seen the several operations of the Planets and fixed stars in and over all Nations, Countreys and People, and the reason of their several Customs, Laws, Manners, and Inclinations.
Thus much for the general, since you have already heard that their force and power may be and is known by observation; wherefore to descend to particulars.
That the Sun hath influence.If we have regard first to the Sun, we shall finde that the power of the Sun, and the quality of the Heavens cause the inhabitants of the Torrid Zone, to be black; such are they which we call vulgarly Blackmoors, or Negroes, and causeth them also to be of constitution Cholerick, their hair curled, of mean stature by reason of the temperature of their bodies, which is hot and dry; Look Ptol. lib. 2. cap. 2. de quadripar. We further know [Page 11]the Sun doth also tan even us in this our climate; and is the cause also of Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter, day and night; and the chief cause of the generation of all living creatures, but more especially those which proceed from putrefaction, &c. (every one knows) bringeth also to maturity all the fruits of the earth, and extimulateth all creatures to the act of generation for the procreation of their several kinds. But to be short, that 33. of Deut. ver. 14. before mentioned, and the testimony of Moses, Gen. 1.14. (of which anon) that the Sun and the Moon were constituted for signs and seasons, as well as other stars, is cleer. We know also he is of a drying and attractive Nature. That Chronick diseases follow his course, as acute and sharp the course of the Moon, cum multis aliis; but here I shall pass them by, since there is no Peasant but can acquaint us with some one effect or other of this clearly, by experience known unto him.
And who is so ignorant but knoweth that the Moon hath a great influence on the ebbing and flowing of the Sea? which every waterman on the Thames can justifie;The Moon. Object. Answ. Why there is no Tides, or such as can hardly be discerned in the Atlantick seas. Why there is no Tides in fresh waters, and why in some places there are no Tides. but if some urge, that in the Atlantick sea there is no Tides, and so think by this their ignorance, to make ought against this most heavenly Art, they are mistaken; for as touching this their idle and vain conceit, I shall not need for the answering thereof, use many words, but let them know, that by reason of the profundity and vast wideness of those seas, I must confess, little or no Tide can be discerned; yet is it most probable, there is an increase and decrease of that current, as I shall appeal to all the learned in Navigation; for by reason of the indisposition of the subject, the influence (I must confess) of the Moon is not so much discerned as in other things, as all moist and watery bodies; that she wholly, rules as in fresh waters, by reason of the rarity and subtilty thereof, she not having that fit subject to work on, which is requisite, causeth no Tide there; also expert Navigators can testifie, that in some places of the Ocean, Tides are letted by the strength of a contrary Current, &c. But there is no female of twenty one yeers of age, though some at sixteen, nay sooner, but can testifie its effects on their bodies, by causing their menstrues once a moneth; this they finde by experience, though perhaps all know not the cause or reason thereof; you have already heard her influence on lunaticks, causing their fits sometimes to be more grievous then again at other times; wherefore then if we further look to shell-fish, we shall see cleerly that they are made by her divers illuminations of or with the Sun▪ both to increase and decrease (this there is no Oyster-wench but knows) the same effect she hath in the humours of all bodies sublunary. And there is none so ignorant but knoweth also, that those who sleep in the open fields in Moon-light-nights, she filleth them with dulness and heavy drowsiness, and their heads with moisture; moreover flesh newly slain, being hung forth in moon-light-nights, doth soon putrifie; and Pease sown in the increase of the Moon, never leave blooming and blossoming; and that she is the cause of critical days, and also judicial, you have had shewn you in my Lux Veritatis; wherefore here I shall not insist thereon, but refer you thereunto; and to Galen de diebus decretoriis; and you shall there finde what admirable vertue and power he assigns her over all alterations of ayr and other inferiour Elementary things, as well as over diseases, especially acute, &c. And not only shell-fish and the humours in men and women do increase and decrease according to her increase and wane, but also the Brain of man and other living creatures.
Again, there is no Sow-gelder but can justifie he observes the age and configurations of the Moon with the Sun, for gelding of Cattle; and every husband-man or Peasant knoweth that it is very useful for him to observe a time of the Moon to put his cattle to ingender; and as it is reported by Gesner in his 300 page of beasts, Democritus affirmeth that if a Horse cover a Mare the third day before the full Moon, the Mare shall conceive a male foal; if the third day after the Full, a female;If a Horse cover a Mare the third day before the Full Moon, a male Foal will be conceived. and also in his 207 page testifieth that Pliny (knowing the strange secret operation of the Moon in Elephants) doth as it were ascribe a kinde of Religion in this creature; for from the Change of the Moon till the prime and appearance thereof, they take boughs from off the Trees, and first look or lift them up to Heaven, and then look upon, or towards the Moon, which they many times together do as it were in a supplication or adoration thereof. He further relateth of the Baboon, who by the influence of the Sun and Moon on him in the equinoctial times of the yeer, barks every hour once; viz. twelve times a day,The third day after the Full Moon a female. and as often pisseth; and at the Change of the Moon, the male Baboon will neither look up, or [Page 12]eat, but in a forlorn condition (through the sence of that conjunction of the Luminaries) goes up and down; and the female purging her self of abundance of blood: But this is further handled in the fourth chapter of the second Book of this Volumn, viz. That which we call the Introduction; wherefore here I shall hasten to proceed.
Those born at the time of an Eclipse, or Change of the Moon, live not long, and why.Again, we see that those that are born at the time of an Eclipse of either of the Luminaries, or at the Change of the Moon, cannot live long; for the Sun or Moon being eclipsed, he being fons vitae, and she the mother (as it were) of moisture, the native then by this defect must be deprived (in the eclipse of the Sun) of natural heat and nourishment, he being deprived of his light; and in the defect of the Moon, of convenient moisture to mitigate and to temper the heat, and so also in her Change, &c.
Moreover, there is no Hearb nor fruit, that is either set or sown in the wane of the Moon, but the taste thereof is neither so good as naturally the fruit is, nor so kindely, except Pease only, (which you have already heard) being set or sown in the increase of the Moon, will still bloom and blossome.
So also that Vines may not spread and grow too fast, and be too forward, they are pruned and cut in the Wane; and such Timber or Wood which we desire to keep long un-worm-eaten, we cut in the wane, for that then the Moons light being abated, so is the sap and humidity of the Tree, which causeth corruption being once lopt; thus much concerning what we would not have grow; but as touching such Vegetables as we would have increase, it is but observing the Moon contrariwise, and we shall soon accomplish our desires therein; as if we be desired any thing should grow up in heighth, we take care she be at the time of setting or sowing thereof increasing in light and motion, and in an aiëry sign; but contrariwise, if to take deep root and to grow downwards, we place her in an earthy sign,A remarkable thing of the Pomegranate. &c. And it is reported of the Pomegranate (which is a thing worthy the noting) that it will not grow longer then so many years as the Moon was days old when it was first set; and this is most credibly reported by Lucius Bellantius in that Treatise of his in answer to Picus Mirandula. But Pliny and others will at large testifie of the admirable power and influence of the Planets and stars over Vegetables; wherefore what hath been already said is sufficient to evince any man (who hath not wholly given himself over to obstinacy) of the verity and certainty thereof; for since you have already heard how evident and clear it is, that the Heavens have Dominion of, and shew their effects on sensitive things, I suppose there it none will render themselves so weak and ignorant (after a serious consideration thereof) as to deny (contrary to the opinions and testimonies of all learned Philosophers) the Heavens and Planets to have influence over Herbs, Corn, Plants, and all Vegetables; for if the vegetative faculty be comprehended and included in the sensitive; (as there is none so stupid as to deny) then as a Triangle is contained in a quadrangle, so is this most certain and consequently an assured truth.
And thus much shall suffice at this time for the manifestation and clearing, that the Moon hath influence over as well men, bruit-beasts, sensitives, and vegetables, plants, herbs, &c. as over things without life; viz. of the sea, causing (as hath been said) its ebbing and flowing, humours in men and women, diseases, critical-days, &c. I might here, but for tediousness, deliver unto you the fivefold government of the moneth by the Moon, viz. of the latitude of the Moon, apparition, synodical, periodical and medicinal; but of these (God willing) I may hereafter say somewhat, and that at large, God sparing me life and opportunity, &c. In the interim, I say, let what hath been said suffice as to the proving the influence of the Sun and Moon, and now let us hear what we are taught by Saturn.
The influence of Saturn proved.Not to insist long then on the Planets, since their influence is not (by the rational) in the least denyed, and we are anon to handle their effects at large, we shall therefore be as brief as with convenience may be; in my Lux Veritatis, chap. 1. Sect. 6. P. 35. I have declared how that Climacterical yeers happen,The cause of Climacterical yeers. and are caused by the profection of the Planets, and first house to the Square and Opposition of their places in Nativities, being more especially occasioned by the motion of Saturn, he having as much power in the decree several of yeers,The power of Saturn in diseases. as the Sun hath in moneths, or the Moon in days; he coming every seven yeers, to the Square or Opposition of his place in the Radix of any mans Nativity. Again, there is no skilfull Physitian that is acquainted and verst throughly in [Page 13]his Art (as Galen and Hippocrates say none are, but who are skilled and acquainted with and in Astrology) but knows that he after the Revolution of the Sun be cometh chief ruler and orderer of the Disease and critical days; and many times by his configurations with the Moon hinders the Crisis in acute and sharp Diseases; and, observation as hath been said, and the manner taught, will cleerly evince all the ignorant, that Saturn is cold and Melancholy, as the Sun is hot and inclining to mirth; for as he is opposite to the Sun in nature, so is he opposite in relation to the signs and mansions of the Heaven he rules, and therefore inclines always to cold, as the ☉ doth to heat; whence the ☉ in ♒ being the house of ♄ and opposite to ♌ his own house; the weather inclines more to cold. And by reason the light, and so consequently the influence of the Sun and the Moon is most manifest and apparent unto our sense: yet I say, though the other stars by reason of their obscurity and remote distance from us cannot so easily be discerned, a short time spent in the observation thereof will soon cleer the truth of their several influences and inclinations. But to speak more plainly, and home to the matter,Nota. do we not at every Conjunction, Square and Opposition of the Luminaries with him, finde all inclination of the ayr to moisture and cold? and that it never fails, but at the Square, Opposition or Conjunction of the Sun and him (except the body of Jupiter or Mars interpose or some of their Aspects;) cold ayr and wet weather is thereby produced, according to the season of the yeer, notwithstanding the natural inclination of the Sun to heat and dryness: and this since so manifest, and that even in the heat of Summer, we may well conclude he is of a cold nature, especially since by often experience we so finde its effects.
The inclination of any one who hath in their Nativity Saturn Signifitor.Moreover there is none born that hath either the Sun, Moon, Mercury, or the Lord of the Ascendant disposed of by Saturn, and he located in the ascendant, or in square or opposition thereunto, or to Sol, Luna, or Mercury; or the Lord of the Ascendant (as hath been said) but the native will be much addicted to melancholy, and surly chumpish dispositions; and in configuration of Mercury (as I can justifie by many testimonies for truth) the native shall be of slow and ill utterance, of a dull and hard wit and capacity.
And thus much of Saturn; and we are next in order to descend to Jupiter, and so hasten to proceed, since this point is so cleer; viz. That the Planets have influence on sublunary and elementary bodies and things: The Authors appeal to what he himself hath delivered in his Vox Stellarum, for the justification of the validity and certainty of Astrology, and for the proving the Stars and Planets to have influence over sublunary bodies. and that by our monthly and yeerly prognostication made apparent to every vulgar notion and capacity; so that for the further justification and confirmation thereof, I shall not need to desire any better testimony then my Vox Stellarum and the writings of some of those seen in this heavenly Art, published for the last yeer, and the two ensuing yeers, viz. till the latter end of 1654, provided they are guided by the rules of Art.
For instance, since as touching my Vox Stellarum, now I have so fit an opportunity, First, from page 19, to 21, and from page 105 to 107, you may see I positively concluded we should have war the yeer 1652, and yet by all judicious men it seemed very improbable both at the time of my penning and publishing that book, it being wrote in August 1651, and Printed in October following, at which time we were in a very seeming setled condition; yet we can all now experimentally testifie, that by the time the Summer quarter was well began, we were at slashing and pelting with the Hollanders, and they with us, and at swords drawing in the Spring quarter.
Secondly, in the thirty third page (though I durst not speak plain English then, yet I hope it will be no offence now it is past to mention it) I declared in Latin that those signified by the sign wherein Saturn was, should have the better; Saturn was then in Cancer, under which sign is Holland and Scotland; and I need not ask either our Army in the one, and Fleet against the other, of the verity thereof; and it is further to be noted, that both these were acted about one and the same time.
Thirdly, in the 134 page, I shewed the inclination of those in Authority to Taxations; and what man is there that looks into his purse, but can aver that in that very Winter-quarter, the Tax was raised 30000. l per mensem, above what it was before?
Fourthly, in the 103 page you may see I mentioned mischief to men by Thunder and Lightning; and how fatal this proved, even to the astonishment of us all, is well known to all England, especially to those in Leiton in Cheshire, in which Town on the 20 of June 1652 being Sunday, there was in the Sermon time eleven slain in the Church by Thunder and Lightning, and many hurt.
To be short, let the Merchants, and such as make long Voyages (hinted at in the 16. and 17. pages, and other places of my Book) testifie, whether they have not received many crosses, losses and miseries, and the people in general; and whether many have not sustained losses by thieves, and hurts or wounds the year 1652. Also whether there was not an unusual dryness in the Summer, a scarcity of Fruits, insolency in the Commons, fraud and deceit amongst most men, treachery and such like evils, abundantly mentioned in many places of that Treatise; and many more, which at this time I forbear to particularize.
Only for a farther testimony of the verity and admirable excellency of this Science, let me intreat thee to make particular observation of what I have predicted by the Eclipse of the 29. of March, 1652. treated of also in that same Vox Stellarum, and Lux Veritatis, whose effects will operate till towards the latter end of the year 1654. and tell me then what you think thereof, when you shall see what is here mentioned come so punctually true; as also, excess of heat in Summer, and divers maladies and infirmities, afflicting men in general.
Wherefore let the weakest capacity judge then, what reason or sense there is in such men as shall traduce so worthy and incomparable an Art as this, which they never broke sleep to understand, but content themselves (being altogether ignorant) with a bold facing down the unspeakable validity, worth and excellency thereof, which of all Arts and Sciences is both the most noble (and so deserving the study of the more refined and heavenly Spirits) and also the chief and most delectable of all the liberal Sciences.
Wherefore what hath been said, shall suffice at this time, for the confirmation of the influence of Jupiter and the rest, since I desire not to be more tedious then I needs must; and since this will be cleared more fully anon when we come to treat of Eclipses, Comets, Great Conjunctions and Blazing-stars, where we shall shew and teach their nature and influence over all earthly things whatsoever; I shall for this consideration, as also for that we are here in this place still to treat of the influence of the Heavens, and then to speak a word or two of that Discourse late published in pretence of a Reply to my Lux Veritatis, least this Treatise grow too big, crave your pardon till anon.
CHAP. VIII. Shewing the Influence of the Heavens on Inferiour and Elementary Bodies.
All general accidents whatsoever, are and may be known by revolutions of the World, Eclipses, Comets, great Conjunctions, and Blazing-Stars, in a natural way. IN this place then we are to treat of the Influence of the Heavens; you have already heard how for matter of plenty or scarcity they are the immediate causes next under God, and that proved and warranted both by Scripture and the Learned in former Ages; for, then that Eclipses, Revolutions of the World, Comets, Blazing-stars, and great Conjunctions treate of the Accidents general of all Nations, Kingdoms and Languages, there is nothing more true; viz. plenty, scarcity, health, plague, wars, peace, alteration of ayr, and mutations in the Laws, Customs, Rights and Priviledges of Nations, and to be short, of things appertaining to the life of man in a Natural way, &c.
And if we have regard to Ptolomy, lib. 2. cap. 2. & 3. de Quadr. we shall finde that he doth not only refer the Nature and Custom of Nations unto the general Inclination and Nature of the Triplicity they are under, but the inclinations of their minde particularly, as well as the shape and form of their bodies; as also their manners and kinde of life; as those who are inhabitants of the Torrid Zone (as hath been said) are black,Of those that live in the Torrid Zone. having also black and crisped hair, of a mean stature, and of a hot constitution, and of a fierce and cruel spirit, propter longam & assiduam solis moram in eorum regionibus, by reason of [Page 15]the long and constant stay of the Sun in that Region or Climate: & nigra sunt corpora eorum quia Sol per Zenith suorum capitum currit eosque comburit; they are black over all their body, by reason the Sun constantly transites their Zenith, and so scorcheth them, that they are of that hue.
Of the inhabitants of the South.And these Inhabitants of the South to be of a better and quicker wit, and more ingenious and apter to learning, especially the study of the Stars, Propter circuli signorum & stellarum erraticarum loco Zenith eorum capitum propinquitatem, because their vertigal point is neer the Zodiack in which the signs are, and under which the Planets move. He also farther teacheth,Of the Inhabitants of the North. that those that live further North are of stronger body, but of ruder manners and conditions, because their vertigal point being far removed from the Suns course, they more abound in cold and moisture, which for that it yieldeth plenty of nourishment, is not by the heat of those places at all exhausted, or but very little: from whence it followeth, that they are of complexion fair, long and smooth hair, their stature tall, and manners fierce and rude.
Object. Answ. But it may be some cavillers and envious carpers at the truth, will object and say, That custom and good discipline, we see, doth alter this general inclination. But I answer, That though oftentimes, through the force of good discipline and custom (which is according to the opinion of Philosophers, secunda Natura, a second Nature) I must confess this is, or may be much altered; yet we see it hardly so removed, but that some, and those most evident marks thereof, will still remain in force; and this is evident in most or all Nations under the Sun, which might, but for brevities sake, be at large proved and cleared; but we shall here content our selves with the testimony of Bodin, who in his 5. Book of his Method of Histories, chap. 5. (though I might shew you what Galen, Hippocrates, Tacitus, Arist [...]tle and others hereon say) saith, and reporteth of the Germans, An example in the Germa [...]s. that in Religion they might equal or compare with the Hebrews; in Astrologie, to match the Chaldeans; in Philosophy, to strive with the Grecians; in Geometry, to equal the Egyptians; and in Arithmetick, to exceed the very Phoenitians themselves: and yet there is no Historiographer worth a pins-head, but knows they formerly were a most savage and rude people, without either civility or humanity (as a man may say) so that they did far, in savage and rude behaviour, pass our wilde Irish: and if we farther look to their ingenuity and sharpness of wit, what Nation is there under the Sun, to be found able to match them in Handicraft and Mechanick Arts?
Yet, I say, notwithstanding all this, we shall finde, that neither time, custom, nor education hath been able to extinguish their old and ancient fashions, which is by the genius and nature of their Country hereditary unto them; if we but look into their form and stature of body, their immoderate inclination to tipling and homely diet, their continency, simplicity, severity, exercises and aptness to War; for notwithstanding all their other excellent indowments, we shall still finde in them a smack of these, which is unto them Natural.
There is no man that ever dived into the cause of mens inclinations and dispositions, especially of the several customs and manners of Nations (which is the main scope of Philosophers labours; who are never contented to know this thing is of such and such an inclination, temper and nature, but the reason thereof) but knows the truth of this point: wherefore I shall render my self most weak longer hereon to insist, since not only the Learned, but also every ordinary Reader of Histories (if with diligence he hath observed what he hath read) can testifie the same.
I might also here shew you what the same Ptolomie saith of the Inhabitants of the East and West, but then I fear I should too much transgress my bounds; as also how the whole earth is divided into parts, and how governed by the fiëry, earthy, aiëry, and watry triplicities; and the reasons of the several inclinations, customs, laws, manners, and tempers of all Nations, Kingdoms, Countreys and Provinces; but I shall here, for brevities sake, refer thee to the aforesaid second and third chapter of his second Book of his Quadripartite.
Of the Inhabitants of Europe, or those under the fiery Trigon.For there he doth not only shew thee under what sign of the Zodiack every Nation and Countrey is: but also, that those who are under the fiery triplicity, viz. Europe, are (by reason of the triplicity they are under, being in the North-west part of the earth, and by reason of the Planets ruling the triplicity) of magnanimous spirits, given to exploits [Page 16]and feats of War (and truly no disparagement to other Nations, this our Iland of Britany may compare with the greatest Conquerors, if not far transcend them) Anglia Ariete & Marte assimulantur, ideoque bellicosi: England is under Aries and Mars, and therefore are the Inhabitants and Natives thereof addicted to be expert in War or feats of Arms. I omit here to insist on every particular Region in this part of the world, as he there declareth it, particularly naming every Region under each sign of the Zodiack, but refer you thereunto; only in this place we desire but to satisfie our Reader with some particulars, that he may be assured of the verity of the strong influences and manifest operations of the Celestial Signs, Stars and Planets over all Kingdoms, Nations, &c.
Of the inhabitants of Asia the greater, and the reason of their several inclinations.Again, in the second part of the World, viz. Southern, which he nominates to be Asia the greater, being under the earthy triplicity, he sheweth that (among the rest of the Regions and places subject to that triplicity) those who are governed by Taurus (being the house of Venus) are generally effeminate and delicate; given to their pleasure, especially to the games and sports of Venus; wherefore they go still open breasted: likewise those under the sign Virgo (being the house, exaltation and joy of Mercury) are exquisite in all kinds of good learning, and observers of the motions of the Stars: and those ruled by Capricorn (being the proper house of Saturn) are of form and shape commonly deformed, of condition sordid, and of inclination fierce; but this I conceive, by reason it is the exaltation of Mars.
And if we have regard to the third part of the World, viz. Northern, or betwixt the North and East, assigned to the Aiery Triplicity; as also to that part under the watry; we shall abundantly be satisfied of the undeniable truth of the influence of the Coelestial Planets and Constellations in the signs; wherefore in this place, because (as I have often said) I desire not to be too tedious, I shall refer thee to that learned Ptolomie himself, and now proceed.
CHAP. IX. Shewing that the Influences of the Heavens and predominancy of the stars in every Climate, is the cause of the several Laws and Customs of the People therein.
Object. VAin and weak then are they who object and imagine (since it is clear that the stars have influence, and that as well general as particular) that Countreys and Kingdoms and Nations are ruled by Laws and Customs only, and not by the power of the influence of the triangle or triplicity they are under, which Ptolomy, in the aforesaid place,Answ. abundantly sheweth to the contrary, and also confirmeth by reason; look Ptol. lib. 2. cap. 3. whither I shall (at this time) refer thee; since natural reason will shew us, that through diversity of Manners, which is caused through the diversity of situations of the places or parts of the World, divers Laws and Customs according to the Natural inclination of the Constellations they are under, are apparent in each Nation, being far different from others; otherways I would fain know, why all Nations do not, or cannot subject themselves to one Law or manner of Custom. I could out of Livie, Plinie and others, shew thee the Authority of some Nations in these matters; but for that I desire to draw to an end, I shall here content my self with this one testimony of Bodin (before mentioned) who in his fifth Book de Repub. affirmeth, that the Low-Countreys shook off the Government of the King of Spain, by reason their manners are so far different from theirs, insomuch that hardly can there be any thing more; for Laws, all Rational men know, ought to be agreeable, and be applyed to the manners of a Nation, and not the inclinations and manners to the Laws; for what is repugnant to [Page 17]the Natural inclination of the People, cannot be of any long continuance.
The English have shaken off the Monarchical government by reason of the natural antipathy between their inclinations and the Scots, and the reason of their contrariety in Nature.And here I may also affirm, that by reason of the Antipathy between the signe ruling England, and that under which Scotland is, the English out of this consideration, together with some others, as &c. have shaken off the Government of Monarchy, being before under Scottish Kings for above forty yeers; the reason is, because Aries (the proper Ascendant of England) is hot and dry, and Cancer (the Ascendant of Scotland) is cold and moist; again Aries is a fiery sign, and of the fiery trigon; Cancer is a sign watry, and of the watry trigon: so that since there is as much difference between the natural inclinations of those two, as there is between fire and water; so is it as much impossible to unite them and make them of one inclination and minde, as to make the water and fire so agree, as that the one being thrown into the other, they shall so unite, as not to make a noise or thundring bustle; for they are Nations that do naturally abhor and detest each other; and this I can aver, by what I have by observation found in their inclinations &c.
But if any say, this is not the reason, and affirm that the English do absolutely detest the Monarchical Government, and therefore have setled another kinde of rule; I answer, that for the removing this Objection, I shall not say any thing but this,Object. that the stars Agunt sed non cogunt, they incline, but compel not, as to inforce the will of man, (this is more cleared anon;) besides, all rational and knowing men can tell,Answ. that a desperate disease must have a desperate cure; verbum sapienti sat est, or erit, since I am not permitted to speak all I either could or would; but thus much I shall affirm, that the natural inclination of the people of England, (according to the influences of the Heavens and constellations they are under,) are inclined to be subject to Monarchy; from whence I do positively affirm, that before many yeers be expired, there will be a Catastrophe mundi; we must be content, and not repine at the hand and will of God; who (according to his divine pleasure,) hath ordered all things, so as to work according to his will, even from the first creation, till the subversion of all Kingdoms and Nations, and the earth it self, nay and those coelestial constellations who then shall fall from heaven, as being longer of no use.
Wherefore, I say that not onely vain and silly are they who object and talk of the custome of Countries, and yet refer all things to mans own Consultation and opinion.Nota. but also most weak and childish; as if any Discipline, Law or Custom were sufficient, without respect to the natural disposition of the people depending on the constellation of the Heaven under which they live, or that (since they would have it to depend on their own inclination) any people will constitute Laws contrary to their own nature; for we have Laws here against Adultery and Incest; and Diodorus and others testifie that the Persians and the rulers of Africa do not onely maintain Incest, but also whole Legions of Concubines:That laws are ordered and constituted according to the inclinations of the people that makes them, is hereby furtherd proved. it had been most preposterous therefore for these people to have created laws against what they are so naturally inclined to. The reason why they are so addicted to Venery, Ptolomie in the aforesaid 2. de Quadri. cap. 3. will shew thee who saith, in coeundo superabundant, ita quòd eorum conjugia fiunt vi at (que) rapina; multoties etiam eorum rex cum alienis sponsis, priusquam earum sponsi, venereos actus exercet; & quorundam eorum sunt uxores communes inter ipsos; ipsi quoque picturas & ornatus concupiscunt, & se more foeminino adornant propter Venerem. They exceed and abound in venery, so that their marriages are by force, and their Kings use oftener to accompany, or covet more other mens wives then their own; many have their wives common for one another, and for the most part they delight in pictures, and go drest much after the fashion of women; and all this by reason they are ruled and governed by Venus.
This point might be further amplified by many more examples; but since to the judicious and rational it is so cleer, it were vain longer to insist thereon. Thus then have you heard how the Heavens are rulers and disposers of Kingdoms, Nations, and Countries; and that by their influence, they do differ from each other, both in nature and temper; Nota. and so consequently the inhabitants, as much vary in their natural inclinations and conditions, Laws, Customs and manners, as each Climate doth in its hearbs, beasts, and Birds; wherefore now it resteth, that we shew you the influence of the Heavens on the earth, causing health, sicknesses, plagues, plenty, scarcity, mutations of the ayre, innundations, wars, peace and all general and particular accidents in the whole world; but since we shall [Page 18]have occasion to treate of this more anon, when we come to handle the rules of the Antients touching the judgements of Eclipses, Comets, Blazing-Stars, Revolutions, and great Conjunctions in the fourth book, I shall here desist; since by all the learned it is an approved truth,The stars have influence over all things in the world. The Heavens compared to a Book. that by the divers motions, aspects, and conjunctions of the stars and Planets, all particular and general events are signified and known; which caused Origen and all other good and learned writers, who have anywise had occasion in their works to speak of them, to compare the Heavens to a book in which God hath as it were writ all that should according to his pleasure come to pass in this world, even to the subversion thereof as also the actions of men, though some have exempted that; wherefore Origen for the confirmation thereof alleadgeth the Narration of Joseph, which was in his time extant and in great esteem; affirming therein, that Jacob told his sons, the twelve Patriarks, that he had read in the Tables of Heaven whatsoever should for the future befall them and their children: Nota. and there is none I am certain so stupid as to deny that the Sun is the cause of generation, life, motion, nutrition, growing and perfection of all visible and sensible bodies. Nihil enim visibile est, quod ille non penetret excellenti lucis suae magnitudine: sed ad ipsam quo (que) generationem sensibilem corporum confert, ipse (que) ad vitam movet, & nutrit, & agit, & perficit, purgat (que) & renovat.
And now this doth give me here a fit opporrunity to prove unto thee by the sacred word of God that the stars are both signs and causes: but (as hath been already said) since we are anon to cleer that, when we come to answer what the pretended Replyer to my Lux veritatis, hath or can say against it, we shall not in this place touch thereon; but refer thee thereunto.
Wherefore now all this being considered which hath been said, let the most malicious against Astrology stand up and say if the study of the stars be unlawful,Astrology lawful and the best of studies. or anywise in the least derogating from the Word of God or Religion; nay whether it be not a great means of drawing men to acknowledge a God, who if they saw him not in his creatures, perhaps would deny him; for what hindreth but a man may as safely study the natural influences and motions of the stars without offence to God as the use of Herbs, Drugs, and Minerals for Physick, or the cure of such and such diseases, which at the first was by the influence of the Coelestial bodies (by which they are ruled) found out; for if it be a sin to study and know nature, there is no study lawful; and if not, Astrology must then not onely be accounted lawful and good, but the most beneficiall and best of all studies.
Yet doth the rashness and ignorance of some men so abound, that they are not only (contrary to any sense or reason) averse thereunto, but also together with Sextus Empericus, Heminga, and others, not knowing what to say against it, or what it is indeed they so desire to cry down, they raise idle and foolish questions, making Objections more worthy the laughing at then the answering, or rehearsing; yet by reason of late, some of the same have been by the Ignorant objected to me, I shall in this place touch or hint at one or two of them for the satisfaction of the well-willers to Astrology, that they may not by the idle and shallow brains of these men be discouraged from their study in this most divine and heavenly Science.
CHAP. X. Containing the resolution of the main Objections against this divine Science.
DO we but seriously consider the vanity of these Objections, it will be sufficient to testifie unto us they have no reason for their high words.
Object. First then they object, that a man and beast being born at the same time, must according to the judgement of Astrologers, have one and the same fortune. But [Page 19]who knoweth not that of all Objections, this is the most weak? since as the influence of the stars comes to us by many means, so they reject not other causes and circumstances;Answ. for there is none acquainted with learning, but knows that a man and a beast are more then membra dividentia, in that they differ the whole kinde: and since we are taught by God himself in his holy Word, that he created every thing in his own kinde, and indued man with a rational soul, thereby to bear rule and dominion over all creatures who are not reasonable creatures: wherefore these objectors and cavillers do render themselves most ignorant and impious, endeavouring thus by their envy to Astrology, to take away Gods Ordinance in the generation and conservation of all creatures here beneath, by the subtile vertue of his second causes; viz. those heavenly lights the stars. I would have no man be so ridiculous as to mistake me in this matter, in catching before they read to a full stop, as of late the ignorant hath done, and so rendred himself a dolt to posterity. Quest. Answ. The Objection touching the various ends of Chickings, Dogs, and the like; unfitly brought to gain say the validity of Astrology. Yet if one were disposed to be as ridiculous in answering, as some men are in questioning, it might be averred for ought they can say to the contrary, that the good constellations at the entrance of some horses into the world, maketh them to be tended, rubbed, kept well and delicately with little or no toil, and labour, or stripes; and again, the malevolent constellations do cause some again to be kept in perpetual slavery hard usage and stripes; but thus to compare horses with men, is but to render our selves worse then Asses, or the brutest of creatures; since you see they were from the first creation; destined to the use of man, and to be subordinate to his dominion, and will which is indeterminate, and so consequently out of the verge of Astrology, as you may see at the latter end of this Treatise.
Again, some demand whether or no Dogs, Chickens, and such like, must needs have one and the same end and life, or whether otherways Astrology be of any validity or certainty, &c. Truly I fear I do toy in recording these vain Objections, and answering thereunto digress more from the ordinary bounds of Reason, then the Authors thereof; when still what hath been said in the former objection, may and is sufficient to refell this also; besides it remains, that these Objectors prove all the Chickens they speak of, to be hatcht at one and the same moment of time, and the Dogs to be all whelped together (which is impossible) or else they render themselves very currish and snappish against Astrology. But whoso desires to be further satisfied, because I hold it not either credit or discretion to insist long hereon, let him peruse Peucerus his Tract of Astrological Predictions, and he shall amongst others there find the vanity and childeshness of these foolish cavils silenced, by the example of three whelps (not being worthy to be refuted by learned reasons) which being whelped in an Eclipse of the lesser Luminary, being grown to some bigness, fullfilled the effects and significations of the eclipse by their several deaths; one of them being torn in pieces with Hounds; the second, first by a fall from an high place broke his Thighes, and then the second time his Neck; and the third was burnt.
A third kinde of cavillers we are now to speak of, who not observing and warily searching into the order of causes in Nature, nor the government thereof, are dazled and puzled with the contemplation of the marvellous and admirable works of God, and so by reason of the diversity and dissimilitude of events and effects in divers matters and subjects, rashly and most inconsiderately deny the powers and vertues of the causes themselves.
Object. Their cavil is, that we see many born at one and the same time, and in one and the same latitude, and the one perhaps is a King, and the other a beggar, the third a Gentleman and the like. But this, (were I disposed to vindicate Nativities,) I might say, is the gross mistake and ignorance of these Carpers at what they know not,Answ. that causeth them thus to render themselves ridiculous; for there is no Astrologer but doth especially regard in any mans Nativity, the time, place. Parents, and the seed, for the better inabling him in his judgement therein: for he is most shallow and weak, that thinketh it not material to consider whether the Native be born the child of a King,The quality of the Native, constitution of the Climate, Laws, Customs, and other causes necessary to be observed in every mans Nativity. or of a poor and mean parentage: or that it importeth not whether all the causes (the presence of whose help is necessary to the constitution of an effect) do concur: or that some onely be present, or that knoweth not that the force of the general doth prevail over the particular: and of those that are universal, that the first cause doth excel the rest, which it sustaineth. I say he that thinketh not these things to be most material, and worthy the consideration, is not onely shallow and weak, but most ignorant in the Art, or at least willfully obstinate. For there is nothing more certain then that Astrologers which are true Artists indeed, do [Page 20]warily consider these inferiour causes, according as their Rules in Art do prescribe, and admonish to have respect (as I have but now said) to the situation of the Climate or Place, Parents, Laws and Customs, &c.
Nota. The instance of a Kings son and a Beggars both born at one very minute (if such were known) of no validity against Astrologie.For it were a vain thing for any man to pronounce that such a constellation as giveth beauty here in England, should have the same effect in Ethiopia; or that he that is the son of a beggar, should (because born at the same time the son of the King was) be a a King, or the like; but he the beggars son shall as far transcend the degree of his Parents at that time the Kings Son doth come to the Crown of his Fathers, or inlarge his Territories (which is the only way a King can be honoured or raised to dignity) as the Kings son doth his (they being both born under one and the same fortunate constellation;) and thus is the beggars son extolled and raised, in comparison of his degree, as much as the Kings son in relation to his; he being perhaps made some Tradesman, or one in good repute, and well to live among his Neighbours, which his Predecessors were not able to do; For you must know that the general fate doth over-rule the particular; for it is neither agreeable to reason or policy that two Kings or more should be in one Countrey, &c. This, I say, were I disposed to vindicate the practise of some men in judging of Nativities, I might speak in their behalf, and to the silence of the Objectors, who know not how in the least to reply.
Moreover, others I have heard also question, nay affirm positively, (and those too which seemed to be of some judgement in other matters; but truly in this rendred themselves the most void thereof that can be imagined) that a figure of Heaven, which Astrologers do use to set for the goundwork of their business, is Conjuration, and illegal, nay Diabolical;What a figure of heaven is. When at the worst it is but thus, The form and shape of the Heavens, or rather the picture thereof, by which the Astrologer is made acquainted with the positions and several situations of the Pianets and Stars in every sign in the Heavens, as we see in a Map the several situations of Countreys, Provinces and Cities: and if it be illegal, diabolical and a Magical trick to set or make such a figure of the Heavens in a piece of Paper, I know not what is lawfull; but this may suffice for the silencing of such simpletons; for let them be demanded what a figure is they thus condemn, and you shall soon finde they have not a word to answer, nor cannot tell how to give any definition thereof, which is sufficient then to satisfie any rational man of their stupidity, who thus rashly and ignorantly go about to condemn that as illegal and Diabolical,That there is no harm in setting of a Figure of heaven, is manifest. which they are ignorant of, and is no more hurt, then to draw a mans figure or picture; for knew they what it were, they would never thus falsely conclude, having no ground for their words but ridiculous tradition: for indeed, it was a most rare and fine invention, and of great use; for I can shew any man thereby, the whole use of the Globe, and the rising, setting and culminating of every Star and Planet in the whole Heavens. So then you clearly see the harmlesness of setting a Figure of Heaven, and the envy of the Antagonists; as also their extream ignorance, thus to traduce so noble, so worthy, so excellent, so delectable, so satisfying, so lawfull, so true, so transcendent, and so incomparable and innocent an Art.
I, but say they again (or others) though the Art in it self be lawfull, being a contemplation only and study of Nature and its causes; and though the setting of a Figure of Heaven be so far from any illegal or diabolical practise, as that nothing can be more innocent, yet is the study unlawfull,Object. by reason the Devil oft times brings things to pass in a secret way, according to the prognostications of the Astrologer, on purpose to cause the heart to be assured of the inevitable truth thereof; and so bringeth, by degrees, the Student into the labyrinth of believing a fatality, and so consequently, to deny or distrust the Providence of God.
Answer in part. It is confessed by all but Atheists, that God the first and chief cause of all causes can alter and frustrate the power of the stars.But as touching this confidence, there is none that knoweth that God is the first cause of all causes, (to whom all other must, and do give obedience, and art subordinate) but knoweth there is no fatality on any inevitable decree in the Heavens; but that He the God of all the whole Universe that created them all, can, and may according to his good pleasure alter their several decrees; this there is no Christian, or any who is not indeed an absolute Atheist, but will acknowledge: but this is sufficiently cleared by what hath been already, and what is anon to be said.
Now say some again, If it be so, there is no verity or validity in Astrologie, worthy any [Page 21]mans trust or belief; Object. and therefore not fitting for any man to spend his pretions time on such trifles, which when they are attained, are but a bundle of uncertainties.
Answ. To answer this vain Objection, I shall not need long to insist in this place, since all rational men know,Though God can alter and annihilate the effects of the Stars, it followeth not that he doth, or that therefore the Art is uncertain. that though God the omnipotent Creator of those glorious Creatures the stars, can at his good pleasure alter, divert, prevent and annihilate whatsoever is effected by them: yet hereupon it followeth not that he doth so; for God worketh ordinately, and not preposterously; for as he hath made the Heavens for the ordinary administration of Nature, so he can whensoever it is his good pleasure, as in the days of Joshuah, Hezekiah, and at the death of our Saviour Jesus Christ, alter their course; but since these were miracles, and thus to do were miraculous, and that we read but of these three times he thus did work since the Creation; it is not therefore to be ordinarily or frequently seen, neither ought it then to be objected, since as long as God doth continue the order of Nature, it must needs follow that the effects of the Stars, by which nature is upheld, have very much of certainty and truth, and so consequently the study thereof, and that more then any other study whatsoever, and that for the most part they never fail; but if at any time the Artists fail, it is their ignorance; and likewise theirs that conclude thereupon that the Art is faulty.
Answ. to the full.Thus far then to clear the latter part of this grand Objection, and the dangers supposed to be brought or caused thereby; but as touching the Objection it self, viz. That the Devil bringeth the predictions of Astrologers to pass, &c. The vanity of this objection. Now it is evident that the Devil knoweth not things to come, and therefore is not able to bring these things about according to his pleasure, ergo; to be confessed he cannot thus delude the Astrologer, and cause his heart so to erre, as to run himself over head and ears into the belief of a fatality, and so consequently, not caused thereby to deny the providence of God, which is the main thing these punie Adversaries drive at in this their cavil.
That the Devil knoweth not future events, is clear. For if the Devil knew things to come, he had never tempted and egged on the Jews to crucifie our Saviour, when his death was the utter confusion of his Diabolical Kingdom and Government; neither had he attempted to tempt our Saviour in the wilderness, had he known he should have had such a repulse: or would he be so busie about the elect in their temptations, did he assuredly know that they would not be subordinate to his will. Wherefore then since this Devil, they talk of, is such a simple fool,The Devil a fool in comparison of what some would make him. who indeed for knowledge of future events they may well shake hands with, it is evident their cavill is alike weak, if not most ridiculous. For if we will admit that the Devil do know assuredly things to come, what difference is there between the Angels that are not fallen and them? besides, there is no man will be so vain as to imagine the Devil knows any mans thoughts or heart, and therefore cannot tell whether his bringing a purpose to pass will a whit advantage his desire, by making the Astrologer believe a fatality. But this is so clear, that I will not dwell longer hereon, but now proceed, &c.
Again, others have this fling at this most heavenly study of the stars, Object. and the Students thereof; that the Art is illegal, and the practice thereof altogether to be shunned, because Astrologers therein do busie themselves, and pry into the secrets of God, &c.
Answ. To which there needs no more answer then this, that they are most falsly and scandalously abused, I mean Astrologers, when thus impeached, since the very word of God doth testifie, that the secrets of the Almighty are past finding out: thus much for the clearing of the Students thereof, whose practise and study is altogether legal, being only natural: for how is it possible that that study should be so illegal and diabolical (as they call it) that extends it self to nature only, and the causes thereof?
That the study of the stars or Astrologie, medleth not with the secrets of God.And as touching the Art it self, you have it defined here beneath, whither at this time I shall refer thee; for the study thereof is meerly natural; and if to know that, be to search into Gods hidden secrets, let the weakest capacity judge; when that is only to be accounted a secret, which immediatly dependeth on the secret will of the Almighty; wherefore what is manifest and clear to us in nature then, must consequently be no such thing; for there is none, I am confident, that hath any reason or understanding, and is compos mentis, that will say it is a diving and searching into the secrets of God, and so consequently illegal, to foretell any mutation of the ayr, or other accident by the causes thereof, which is manifest by the stars to our sense; when the word of God telleth us, that our Saviour himself confesseth, the Pharisees were able to discern the weather by [Page 22]the face of the Skie: and since you have already heard that the Heavens are the secondary causes of all generation and corruption, and cause of all mutations on and in Elementarie bodies, causing health, sickness, plenty, scarcity, wars, peace, &c. If any Astrological Philosopher (which of all Philosophers is the chiefest) do foretell any or all of these a thousand years to come, as plain as if they were to happen to morrow, or were present, which they may do, if God so long continue the ordinary course of Nature, shall any one render himself so ridiculous, as to imagine this man to pry and dive into the secrets of God, when he seeth plainly the events by the causes? truly if there be any such, they should be by my consent begged for—.
The influences of the heavens take not away Gods government.So that then hereby thou dost clearly see that the influences of the stars do not according to the vain opinions of some weak heads, take away Gods Government; for if we will believe that God worketh daily new things according as we see them procreated, and brought forth by Nature, we shall run our selves into a gross errour; when we are taught that he finished his work in six days, Gen. 1. Exod 20.11. Ergo, he worketh now no more, but (according to his inevitable decree by his Providence) upholdeth all things by the same power of his word by which they were first made, and leaveth the effecting of all things to the influence of the Heavens and Stars, which you have already heard, by the word of God hath been proved to be next under him the sole cause of all mutations and blessings here on earth, and in elementary bodies.
What shall I say then, for the farther clearing of this point? I shall not say much more, since who so desires to be further satisfied how far casual events may be referred to the influences of the stars, and yet the government of God and Angels no wise diminished or denyed, let him peruse Lucius Bellatius his answer to Picus Mirandula, lib. 4. cap. 2. & 3. Yet one thing as touching Nativities I must here needs clear, which oftentimes the Artist may be deceived in, if he have not special respect to the general fate of the place, occasioned by the general influence of Eclipses, Comets, Blazing-stars, great Conjunctions, and Revolutions of the World, &c. For ofttimes though the Nativity of any man promise health or long life, yet by reason of the affinity he hath with the place of his birth his health may be much impaired, and life shortened, by wars, general diseases and the like; but more especially if the Topical stars of that place be in the Horoscope or medium Coeli, viz. the ascendant or first house or tenth or mid-heaven in the Nativity; and if so, this doth rather give him a fate still subject to general accidents. There are many other ways which may alter the Nativity of any person, but they would be here too tedious to relate, since I have an earnest desire to be no tediouser then I needs must, and for that I fear before I have delivered what I am yet to say, I shall far exceed my bounds; yet are not these so intricate, but by a skilfull and ingenious Artist they may be found out &c.
Object. But here, it may be, some will say, that I do attribute too much to the influence of the stars and Celestial bodies; Answ. wherefore I think good for the clearing of all what hath been already said (least some may be stumbled thereat) to deliver my minde as touching their influence thus.
How far the Author holdeth of casual events.That who so thinks by what in any point or part of what hath been already said or to be said, I do detract from the Government of God or Angels, in my tenets and scope, is altogether mistaken; for I do not so attribute all the actions of men to the Heavens as they consist of Bodies elementary, and so subject them to the heavenly influences; but I acknowledge them also subject to Angels rule and government, as being indued with understanding; and to the Government of God, as using will; Astra igitur nisi agunt, the Heavens but incline; and we (being induced by passion) incline either to anger, love, pleasure or the like: but in these the Angels may so illuminate the understanding of our minds, that by some intelligible consideration we are therefrom delivered; and God directs the will far beyond that wherewith we are inclined to by the Heavens or disposed to by the Angels; for by how much God and Angels exceed the Heavens, being of a Corporal essence, and they of a Spiritual, by so much the more doth that whereunto we are carried by the illumination of Angels, and the direction of God, exceed those inclinations, to which we are by the influence of the Heavens and Stars disposed. Let men therefore apply their study to the knowledge of the chief part of the Art; viz. that which teacheth general accidents; for all this being considered, the judging of the fate of [Page 23]any man by the time of his birth must needs be uncertain, and therefore not maintained by me, being not of very much moment.
Ignorance the only cause of mens ill conceit of this most lawful & heavenly Art. Wherefore then, let not ignorance and stupidity carry thee beyond the bounds of reason and discretion, to condemn or censure what thou understandest not; for it is naught but ignorance which is the cause of all those open mouths which have of late so furiously barked at this most heavenly, dilectable, and most lawfull study; for did they understand it, they would be more hot against the gainsayers thereof, then Astrologers are with them, or they with the Art; for you shall finde their discourses fraught with naught but ignorant mistakes, as to think the Art Witchcraft, Diabolical, Illegal, and the like, barely because thereby we declare things to come, not considering that we do it by no other means then the influence of the Heavens, which is altogether natural: when they might even as well say, it is Witchcraft for any man to say or affirm; that such an herb,Astrology as lawfull, as the use of herbs, or any other thing. drug, or composition is good and available to the expelling of such or such an infirmity, before he applyeth the medicine, when all knowing men know such imaginers to be most ridiculous, since they are infallibly known to be of such and such a nature and temper, and so consequently available for such and such infirmities or diseases; for no more then this,More to be desired by Physitians then any other study. is Astrologie unlawfull; nay, it is more then this to be esteemed, and to be allowed of and desired, since without it, the other is of no use or certainty; for Hippocrates, Galen, Avicen and Paracelsus, the main pillars on which the fabrick of Physick Medicinal is built, found out the uses of herbs, drugs, minerals, stones, and other medicines, by the influences of the Heavens, as they were known and found by them to be under such and such a constellation, and so concluded by them to be of such and such a nature, and then consequently a remedy for such and such a disease. Hence it was that Hippocrates said, that that Physitian which is ignorant in Astrology, cannot perfectly be knowing in his Art, being never able without Astrologie to give Physick safely, viz. when to purge by evacuation, or vomit, or phlebotomie, or for what humours, or in what quantity,Look my Iux Veritatis, ch. 1. Sect. 6. p. 32. neither can he know or come to the true understanding of the chief pillar of his Art, viz. the true cause of the malady, without it; neither with it (if well learned therein) can he erre. And Galen accounteth that man rather a fool then a Physitian, that is not an Astrologer; and he farther saith, that Physick given at unseasonable times, doth not only little avail or help, but oftentimes prove very hurtfull, even to the indangering of the life of the Patient; and that these times are only to be known and judged by the stars.
CHAP. XI. Containing an Introduction to the Vindication of my Lux Veritatis, from the aspersions of Doctor Homes and his second, with the first Reason why I account neither of them worthy of my notice.
EVen amongst us, notwithstanding all this, there are some that labour all they can to eclipse the radiant splendor of this most heavenly Science, being blinded with ignorance and malice, as hath been said; for Ars non habet inimicum praeter ignorantem, Art hath no enemy but an ignorant man; Ignorance converteth all the desires and inclinations of a man to wretchedness,The wretched estate of an ignorant man. and taketh away the sight of the minde and intellect, that he is herein as blinde as a man is externally that hath lost his eyes, of which the former is a great deal the greater curse: for knowledge doth distinguish us from bruit beasts; and by how much we excell in knowledge and understanding, by so much we transcend the inferiour Creatures;What distinguisheth us from bruit beasts. for it is (in my opinion) better not to live, then to live in ignorance; for an ignorant man is not indeed worthy to live, or the earth to bear him; the consideration [Page 24]of which, caused the Antients to say, That every ignorant man was evil, &c.
Wherefore then since it is so, of necessity there must much inconveniency and mischief come thereby, both to the ignorant themselves and others; I forbear here (for brevitie sake) to shew you the prodigious and wofull effects of ignorance in some of former ages as well as in this wherein we live; this is already clear to all judicious and ingenious souls: wherefore to our purpose, I say there are in this perverse age, many sticklers (or so in pretence) against this Liberal and most divine Science, one whereof (for the undeceiving of my Reader, having published a pretended Reply to my Answer to Doctor Homes) I shall (craving pardon for my tediousness) here take notice of, although he be not worthy of the same, as you your self shall judge, when you have perused what follows; for, both his quality, andFor I am informed he is an Hay-maker, Plaster maker, Chyrurgion, Quack-salver, and Tub Preacher, or at least after he hath been all these, he ayms at the Preaching of the Gospel; but I will advise him first to get a good and true tongue in in his head. variety of professions, as also rural behaviour and disposition, in whose name it is published, speaketh him not worthy the naming or answering, as I would have done had it been otherwise and better fathered, that the errours and absurdities of that railing Pamphlet might have been divulged to the world. This may be the first reason why the Author holds not the pretended Reply to his defence of Astrology worthy the answering.
CHAP. XII. Comprehending three Reasons more why that Rabble of theirs was not worthy the answering.
THus have you one reason whereby I am induced to slight it, yet have I these five more for my further inducement thereunto; first for that there is nothing in it but what hath been long since answered by Bellantius, Goclenius, Marasealertes, Pirovanus, and Sir Christopher Heyden, though in the Title page there be sophistically promised an answer thereunto; which the penner thereof is as much able to do, as to remove St. Pauls Church.
The second reason. The third reason. Secondly, for that by the Author himself it was not thought worthy of his name in the Frontispiece thereof, or else his name was not worth the inserting.
Thirdly, for that it was not worthy of the Authors owning, or else he was ashamed of it, or he had never sent it abroad in another mans name; for let whose name will be at the end of the Epistle to the Reader, it is well known by Mr Daniel the Printer in Paternoster-row, and the then Composers and Presse-men, that Doctor Homes was the Author of it, and not onely payed for the printing, but also Corrected every day at the Press; and let him deny if he can his peevishness with the Presse-men, when they were angry he came not to Correct, and made them all that afternoon stand idle. For it is not likely that a Hay-maker (as it is very well known the owner thereof, or he under whose name it was published, was but two or three yeers since) should be able to hold an Argument against one of the Liberal Sciences, although his ignorance might condemn it.
But truly I cannot but commend the policy of the Doctor herein, who knowing the insufficiency of his brat to refell the Arguments in my Answer to his first discourse, being loth to be seen bafled the second time in Print, for a piece of mony knew how to make another father it; and truly therein he also did a very charitable deed; for of all sneaks that ever I saw in my life (that pretended to any thing) was this poor fellow he got to be the father of this Rable; for hearing he lay at the Bell in Carter-lane, I went purposely to confer with him touching some passages of that book which went under his name, but could not meet with him, whereupon I left a note, desiring him to do me the favour if it were he that owned such a book (for I was unacquainted with him) to let me know, (or whether it might be some other of his name) and he should oblige me therein, and for an answer thereunto, I would be there again the next day at eleven of the clock, &c.
To this purpose (I say) I writ a note and left it with the Chamberlain of the aforesaid Inn, and desired that he would importune him for an answer; he promised me he would, and so for that time I departed, came the next day according to promise, inquired for the Chamberlain, demanded an answer, who had no more for me then this, that he had delivered my note, and importuned an answer, but could receive none; then I acquainted the Chamberlain with the business, that there was a Book published in the name of such a one, and being informed it was him that lay there, that owned it, and therefore I desired him in my note to let me receive that favour from him to know whether he was the man, or some other of his name, and so wished him to acquaint him again with my being there at the time appointed, and wondred he would refuse to do so small a favour as to resolve me in such a question, I or no; which he again promised me he would.
But what courtesie could I expect from so mean a spirit, which was never either acquainted with courtersie, civility, or manners, who would refuse to answer me, who wrote unto him in so indifferent a ma [...]r? for had I known it had been him, which at last I found it was, I should have saved that pains I put my self to, and had never expected other then I found at his hand. For what can one have of a beggar but a louse? but thinking it might be some other of his name, was the cause of this my oversight; but to return again to our business, I told the Chamberlain (after he had promised me (I say) to acquaint him with my further desire) I would call again the next day at two of the clock in the afternoon, and if he were the man, I should be very glad to converse with him, if his occasions could permit; but when I came at the aforesaid hour, his answer was, he acquainted him to the full with all my desire, but could not perswade him to stay within to speak with me, but bid him tell me, he scorned to deny any thing he owned; whereupon I answered, I did no wise question that, if he were a man that had any spark of honour dwelling in his brest, and this was all I could understand.
The which rugged, preposterous and uncivil answer, caused me presently to believe him to be whom I found him at the last; for I knew one of that name and no other, but could never imagine it was he that should shew himself to be Author of such a Discourse, though for the simplicity thereof he might very fitly have served: so then I inquired of the Chamberlain what manner of a man he was, and upon his ill-favoured description, I immediately resolved my selfe of my former question; and then I was very urgent to know when I might meet with him; he told me about noon any day, but he knew he was resolved not to speak with me, and so indeed I perceived by a friend of mine, as soon as I was parted from thence, whom I met, and in some discourse, I acquainting him with what I had been about, he told me that the other day he was chid by this [...]ral Rufus Rolandus, or Orlando Furioso; Perswading him that he and none other had acquainted me with his lodging; and then also I was assured and confirmed, that it was him of that name which I knew, that was the Author (or at least so in pretence) of that Pamphlet.
After this, being very desirous to meet with him, that I might shew him some of his absurdities and abuses towards me, whom for matter of acquaintance he was a stranger to, I went twice or thrice about noon, thinking I might meet with him, but could not; till the 22 day of January 1651. I accidentally rancountred him; it were here both superfluous, and too tedious to relate what discourse we had, he not being able to speak one word without anger and choler, as if his heart were also on fire as well as his head, but amongst other passages, I fell into a very great laughter, the which he not seeming to take notice of, I asked him if he wondred not at this my suddain passion, who answered, yes; I told him then; I could not possibly forbear laughing to see so young a man as he was, pretend to be the Author of that Book wherein I am termed but a boy, and he not above three or four yeers (at the most) older then my self, and therefore I told him I rather expected to see some grave fellow, whose Beard was at least as long as his waste, and not one whose Beard was hardly so long as his teeth.
But both he and the Antient Doctor his Master, and Author of that wise word (who confessed (to a friend of mine) nothing vexed him, but that he was answered by so young a man) must know that neither wisdom, learning, knowledge, nor grace is to be measured by the Beard or age, and therefore but a most weak evasion in his Arguments, of the validity and verity of Astrology; neither is it any extraordinary witty quibble, [Page 26]since he cannot as yet confute with all his manhood, what a boy hath affirmed; and if he thought I would take acceptions at this, with the rest of his silly jeers and affronts, railings and abuses, wherewith his Pamphlet is fraught, and therefore thought it fit to make it proceed from one so neer my own age, he must needs think it worthy of much more notice, to procure laughter onely, but no otherwise; perhaps out of a tender respect to my health he did it, knowing me to be a melancholy man: for I know he is also a Doctor of Physick; testis Bredstreet; nihil amplius dico; for the which good receit, before the closure of this Book, (if I forget not) I shall requite him with a double Fee, for I abhor to be in his debt; but therein he did very ill to send me this medicine by so unworthy an Apothecaries boy, or man (I crave your pardon) if he intended I should ever have taken notice of it; otherwise he had been repayed long ere now; I must confess I am not able to compare Beards with the Doctor; for mine is not by at least two inches so long as a Goats, yet it was full as long as his (though not so hoary) the Sunday after the Eclipse of the Sun in March last, when he beat down Astrology which Phreneticus, and such like Phrensies; and therefore in this he shall ha [...]e the prehemiency for senex bis puer, and so being now in his dotage, I will give him [...]eave to reckon up as many Boys of 26 yeers of age as he pleases, and make himself more ridiculous then already if possible, it being no unusual thing with him to speak repugnancies to both Reason and Sense, as will appeare to any that shall peruse his Book, and therefore I shall not need here further to inlarge.
CHAP. XIII. Containing the fourth Reason, and a Vindication from some of their abuses, and untruths.
HAving thus entred, let us proceed to a fourth Reason.
Fourthly, for that it is a discourse patcht up with nothing but evasions, as not disputing ad idem, and scurrillous railing language and abuses towards me; amongst hundreds of which, I shall here-onely trouble thee with these three.
1 First, that a godly scholler reported unto him, I was assisted in the penning of my defence of Astrology, Page 33 of his discourse; the which he heathenishly, simply, and ignorantly (I will not say foolishly) termeth unchristianlike; I would he had not been thus hypocritical, but had named his godly schollars name (if any such there were) and not have left his Reader and indifferent men thus in doubt; nor so diabolically wicked as thus to invent untruths, rather then he will not disgrace and disparage me, which I shall prove; and also that he is as I here term him, and so consequently not worthy the taking notice of, crediting, and that first affirmatively and then negatively.
That he is most diabolically wicked, and inventer of untruths.First affirmatively, that since it is granted that no godly man will lye, he could not by any one be informed of any such thing, since I never in the least was assisted, or inlightned in any part of the Art, by any man or party living or dead, much less in penning of that Book, which none ever saw till it was finished and brought to be Licenced; besides, I do here declare to all the world, I am not familiarly acquainted with any man living upon the face of the earth, that is a student in this most Noble Science, and therefore defie that man whosoever he be, that shall herein so grosly abuse me; for I desire any one (be it whom it will) that can herein disprove me, to publish it to the world, and I shall be content to subscribe my selfe no other (and then I am sure I shall be bad enough) then this most malicious and unworthy Orlando would perswade the world of me.
But he had done well for the prevention of this my Answer, to have acquainted his Reader (as I have said) both with the name of his godly schollar, and the names of those that I borrowed aid of; wherefore to any rational man, what hath been already said, is sufficient to conclude him not worthy my Answer to every particular of his Rabble, and that he is as I have affirmed him. And therefore I refer him to Rev. 21.8. to receive his portion with such as are there exprest.
That he is not godly or religious.Secondly negatively, that he is neither Godly nor Religious; for since there is nothing more certain, then that a godly man will not lye: so (by the rule of contraries) is there any thing more affirmative, then that that man that doth lye, is nowise godly or religious; & that he erred in this particular is cleer; Ergo, Not Religious nor godly himself,Upon the cleering of his words, the Author promiseth him that honor, as to answer him, which otherwise he holds him not wo [...]thy of. although such a pretender. And for the assurance therof, let him but make it yet appear to the world that he was by any (whether godly or no) informed of any such matter, and the names of those should give me any assistance, that there be any in the world that will justifie it, and I do here promise (though if I overcome, I shall gain thereby no credit) I will honour him so far, as to let posterity know he was worthy of RAMESEYS Answer.
And such is his malice, he cannot be content with this, but upon my expression of the Blessed stone of the Philosophers which was but brought in by the way, he quibbles on it, (leaving the matter still in question, and his Reader unsatisfied) and that with invective, malicious, slanderous speeches against my father, inferring by his rabble in the 39 page thereof, that my father was not onely ruined by his study in that matter, but also lay in prison thereby, which is most notoriously false, as all that are of his acquaintance can justifie, for that he neither is in prison or ever was upon any such score; there is nothing more certain. It is true, much he hath expended in trying conclusions that way, but I defie any man living to say he put him to a peny charges therein; but so intolerable is his further abuse herein, that I cannot but deliver it to the world, both for the clearing of my father and manifesting this Furioso's maliciousness; in the same place he hath these words, persisting thus in his wicked standers; and truly for this had he his due, his ears should be cropt to teach him to keep his tongue within compass; after he had mentioned most falsly and unworthily, he was in prison thereby, he saith, though the late King bore with his defeating him of his expectations, and of scores of pounds, yet other men will not, cannot bear such wrongs; intimating as will soon appear to the judicious Reader, that he had mony from the King for his charges in those works, but to his great dammage brought naught to pass, which of all mischiefs and envies, is the greatest; for there is none who had any acquaintance with the King, but can acquaint the world, he was ever averse to such a belief, and had many times disswaded him from such expensive courses (this truly is a pretty world when such fellows as he shall speak of kings actions and expectations) and so far was he from lending him mony, that he owed him in arrear when he died, 5500. l. as is testified under the hands of Sir Robert Pye, Sir William Vuidale, Sir David Cunningham, Cap. Falkonbridge, Auditor Collins and others; but certainly he that will presume in print thus to affirm untruths, and those so scandalous, will not stick to say any thing, right or wrong, so he may but advantage himself sixpence.
Wherefore what he saith in derision of that most sublime Revelation and heavenly secret, which men vulgarly call the Philosophers Stone, but in effect the soul of the world, and that whereby all things both Coelestial and Terrestial that are creatures, subsist, increase, and next under God himselfe, have their being; I say whatever he or any such Animal to whom God hath not bestowed so much mercy, as to believe such a thing to be in rerum natura, or in posse, saith against it, is not much material; for my part, if I should see such kind of creatures believe and discourse thereon, I should (had I never before heard thereof) have concluded it to be meer foolery, and madness, as these mad kind of people do;A good jest, were it not too tedious to relate. but if I should ask him what he thinks of Coining, I believe he would conclude that a great deal the better Trade; but I shall pass by that, for he knows well enough what I mean, Ile warrant you, he thinks his a more blessed thing a great deal.
Again secondly, in his 43 page he saith, I was set on by my Brethren the Astrologers (being one of the silly weak ones) to confute Doctor Homes; and in divers places he informs and assures his Reader, I study and practice the Art in a mercenary way, and gain mony by resolving questions; whereby you may plainly see how his envy runs him into an absurdity, and instead of speaking sense, he committeth nonsense, and rendreth himself ridiculous [Page 28]by this his Bull, that I being one of the silliest & weakest Students in Astrologie was chosen out of all the other to confute the Doctor and vindicate the Art; Ha, ha, he! by this, the Doctor and he are both very much credited that their strong Arguments should be refelled by the weakest Astrologer, and that all that they can do cannot silence him, nor vindicate themselves in the least point, save with railing, quibling, and evading with quillets nothing appertaining to the business in hand; for if high words and abuses are of sufficient force to maintain an Argument, I will get an Oyster-Belins-gate-wench shall confute them both in any Argument they dare mention; and as touching my practising Astrologie in a mercenary way, I shall appeal to all my acquaintance; for I practise no such thing; my practise publikely is Physick, and with it I privately consult with Astrologie, and all such Sciences as conduce to the knowledge of Nature, of which I prefer Astrology; for without it (as you have sufficiently heard before) there is no Physitian able to be perfect in this Art, let them say what they will, and colour their ignorance over as they please; I have both Hippocrates, Galen, Avicen and Paracelsus for it, which I am sure were better and more expert Physitians then any now adays which are against it.
Thirdly, whereas he saith, and that most impiously and falsly, that I hold and maintain a necessity and fatality in the stars,3 both that very Lux Veritatis, which these malicious wretches so indeavor to rail down, and my Vox stellarum will witness for me; and as for my Vox stellarum, there is hardly three leaves can be read together, wherein a clear manifestation of my denying fatality may not be had; therefore I shall not need to particularize any part thereof, only refer thee to the perusal at thy best leisure; but as concerning my Lux Veritatis, which they so pleno ore endeavour to cry down, it being thus under the censure, I shall here give you its language.
First, In the Epistle to the Reader it hath these words, Astrologie, or the influence of the stars hath no fatality, except some contingency be mixt therewith; for this were to deny the Providence of God: and again, in the 97. page of the Book (being the first Sect. of the 4. chap.) it saith thus (and so forward) Sapiens dominabitur astris, a wise man may rule the stars (but this isThe Religious, and such as are throughly regenerate and born again by water and fire: on such must confess, none but the Son of righteteousness, and the lesser stars of his graces and blessings have influence or power; but so long as they continue to be born only according to the flesh, and the natural course and order of the world, Astra regunt homines, &c. Solomons wise man that is here understood) and Astra regunt homines, sed regit astra Deus, the stars rule men, but God rules the stars; not meaning when we say, Astra regunt homines, any fatal necessity to be attributed to the influence of those heavenly bodies, nor to have power over men farther then such men are guided only by sense as bruit beasts, and not by reason, and farther that they Agunt, non cogunt, they act or incline, but no wise compel; but where grace or reason supports a man, there, or on such a man the stars have no power: And in the 52. page thereof, thus, The stars of their own wills (as if they were living souls) decree not future events, nor necessarily usurp power over our minds, but only to signifie the inclinations of the elements, and of all things compounded of them.
All this thou mayest clearly see in my Lux Veritatis; and but for tediousness, I might rehearse yet some other passages in Page 65. line 15. pag 70. l. 17. p. 75. l. 11. p. 85. l. 17. p. 97. l. 28. p. 94. p. 90. l. 29. &c. But by what hath been already said, thou mayst see their palpable malice and envy, as also their intolerable abuses and untruths; for you see they care not what they say or affirm, so it may be but to their advantage, or what they rail out so to the disparagement of those that please them not.
Both the Dr. and his man by their own words convinced of the badness of their cause, and therefore other testimonies are needless, &c.Wherefore now Reader do thou judge, and tell me (all this being considered) whether by their own words (It is to prudent men the sign of a bad cause, that needs to be defended by bad words) their cause be to be judged or accounted good, who have so often been guilty thereof, and that most maliciously, in both inventing and affirming detracting and most abusive speeches and stories: and whether their cause then be not only bad, but the baddest and worst of causes, who in all that rabble of their pretended Reply have hardly one page wherein there is not some abuse, foul language or an untruth.
Now as touching their evasions, I shall briefly run over two or three of them that so they may be known for Sophisters, and then proceed; for it would be folly in me to take notice of more. In the first page of my discourse I shew the Reader, the Doctor in all his Book declares not what Astrologie is he so strives to beat down; and therefore for their better understanding of what we so pro and con maintain, I there delivered a definition thereof, which I gathered from the 1. chap. and 1. book of Ptolomies Quadripartite, the which, say they, is not in that place, nor any other set down by him, after they had as [Page 29]you have heard, gone on in their invective railings and abuses to make me odious, and then by this their weak evasion they indeavour to give an inlet to all their absurdities, which indeed must needs consequently follow, if this be admitted.
But admit that definition was never recorded by him or any other Astrologer, yet are they never the neerer to their purpose; for, if I may (that am to vindicate the Art) have liberty to tell them what it is that I stand for and maintain, since they have not, nor cannot shew what it is they condemn; why then, I say, I define Astrologie to be that Art, which by the constant motions, configurations, and Influences of the Stars and Planets, The definition of Astrologie. teacheth how to judge of the Natural effects and mutations to come in elements, and in and on elementary bodies; the which I say again, although not in ipsissimis verbis, is to be found in the aforesaid place; yet would rational men have found the same in effect, which might and doth very well serve turn, which they know well enough, though they endeavour by this their weak assertion to evade, giving any answer thereunto, which indeed they are not able to do otherwise; wherefore what in all this their Galimaufry they condemn and argue against, deviating from this my definition, they neither speak nor argue to what I have said; Ergo, against what they know not, nor are capable, in saying they write against Astrology; for what is more then I have here expressed, I deny to be Astrology in its purity; but if they will not admit me to tell them what it is I hold to be lawfull or maintain, I must confess they may easily convince me; but to this definition I stand, upon which as I in the 100. page of that Book in answer to the Doctor say, so here again I dare undertake the vindication of the validity and legality of the Art, against not only what he hath said, but all the Divines and men in the World put together in one can or will say against it: for I am certain he that can finde fault herewith, is not Compos mentis; and therefore I shall appeal to the learned and indifferent Judges that are judicious, whether my Arguments, that are grounded hereon, are not in full force, and remain as yet by them unshaken, notwithstanding all their simple querks, whimsical tricks and quillets, and ridiculous quibles like themselves, which soon vanish, not being worthy of any wise mans notice, they no wise disputing ad idem.
But this is not all; Who so shall but take the pains to compare my discourse with their pretended Reply (although they pretend to the Reader they set down my chapters and sections verbatim) will soon finde their Sophistical juggles, and the Reader deceived; for they not only omit here and there somewhat, which maketh absolutely against them, but also in most sections and chapters there is some very considerable points escaped their notice, for that they had disparaged themselves to have expressed them, knowing they could not give any solid or sober Reply thereunto, I shall here only mention one whole section they have omitted, referring the rest to your own search at your leisure; for it were an intricate and too tedious a thing in this Book to particularize every one, and the reasons why they omitted them; since, I say they have been herein so generally guilty, and not only so, but also in many places of what they have set down thou wilt finde they have clearly wrested the sense and meaning of my words, and made them conformable to their own intentions, the better to have liberty for their bald jeers, abuses and sophistications: wherefore should I take notice of such shufflers so as to trouble my self to return them an answer, according to that of the wise man, Prov. 26.4. I should render my self more ridiculous (if possible) then they are already.
But (as I said) if you have regard to the 104. page of their ridiculous pamphlet, you will soon finde (not knowing how to give any satisfactory Reply) they have omitted my whole 6. Section of my 3. Chapter, being an answer to the 2. of Da [...]. the 1, 2, 3, 4. and 5. verses, alledged by Doctor Homes to condemn Astrologie; pretending to their Reader there is nothing therein contained, but what was left to me by Sir Christopher Heydon, and therefore not worthy the setting down; and this the impudent Penner indeavours to prove by these words, As I dare be judged by the learned in his own judgement; and if so, I am sure he will be condemned both for his false assertion and his impudence thus to appeal to the Learned, in my judgement, in so untrue a thing, which his own conscience accuseth him of, and must needs flie in his face for this, as for many other his abuses and untruths; for Sir Christopher in no part of his Discourse so much as mentioneth that passage; for indeed, it came not at all in his way, not being alledged by Mr. Chambers whom he wrote against; and therefore, before a friend of the pretended Replyers in the [Page 30]aforesaid Inn where he lodged, the 22. day of Jan. 1651. I offered him 10. l. to shew me any one passage in all that Section in Sir Christopher Heydon, or so much as that passage of Scripture mentioned by Mr. Chambers: wherefore what reason the Reader hath to credit him in his other assertions and allegations through out all that Book, that dare thus peremptorily say and affirm any thing, though never so false, let him judge; but the truth is, he could not (though he stood upon Doctor Homes his shoulder, who had formerly wrested that text, thinking no body understood the Scripture but himself, because he is a time-serving Divine) answer, or give any sufficient reply to my Arguments in that sixth Section, and therefore omits it, that his Reader might not know what was therein, and so comes sneakingly off, with telling him it was not worth the setting down, being left to me from Sir Christopher Heydon; the which if it had been true, being a passage of Scripture, and brought by the Doctor to condemn Astrologie, and again his affirmation refelled, it had not only been worth the setting down, but also answering (if he had been able) had he had any desire to give his Reader any satisfaction in the thing in question.
But alas poor fellow, he never looks to that, knowing he cannot well lose his credit more then he hath already; so he might have money for the fathering of it, what cared he what was in it, good or bad, sense or nonsense, tis all alike to him. And thus much shall suffice for my fourth Reason, why I hold not that pretended Reply worthy my Answer.
CHAP. XIV. Containing the Authors fourth Reason, and the Scripture proofs alledged for Astrologie in his Lux Veritatis, proved to remain unshaken.
Reason 5 REason 5. Fifthly, For that it is not an answer to my Discourse, which the learned and judicious will soon find; I mean the Penners thereof have no ways answered to those passages of mine they have exprest and pretend to refell. I might here set down many passages of that rabbling Discourse for the manifestation thereof; but least I should make this Book too large, and trouble thee with the rehearsal of such unworthy stuff, I shall here only clear some places of mine, wherein I shew Astrology not impugned by Scripture, but rather upheld thereby and allowed by that Divine Writ, and that thereby also the Stars are proved both signs and causes, notwithstanding what these Punies have or can say against it; now these being the considerablest points, and all others depending thereon, we shall in this place touch on no other: but for your farther satisfaction, refer you to the discourse it self.
In my 2. Section and 1. Chapter, being about to undeceive my Reader, that the Divine Writ allowed not of Astrologie, and that it was not everywhere therein condemned, as was wisely affirmed by Doctor Homes, who when all came to all could produce but six places against it, and those but imaginary neither, as may appear by the third chapter of my Lux Veritatis; I use these words, being penned by that glorious King David, who was a great Prophet,That the stars have influence, is here proved by the Divine Scripture. and had a large measure of the Spirit of God, being a man after Gods own heart: The heavens declare the glory of God, Psal. 19.1. The language of the stars is heard over all the earth, or the uttermost parts thereof, Psal. 19.3. As if he had said (say I there) there is no part free from the power of their influences; for their power hath a general extent over all Nations, Kingdoms, Countries, Provinces and Languages; I pray who can restrain the sweet Influences of the Pleiades? Job 38.31. And did [Page 31]not the stars in their courses fight against Sisera? Judg. 5.20. One of these places had been enough to have convinced him of great wickedness, in denying the Scripture doth anywhere allow of Astrologie, &c.
To all which they reply thus. To that of Psal. 19.1. they say those words shew only that the Heavens were framed by the Word and power of God the Creator, which if no other meaning were in these words to be understood, the Prophet might as well have said, a Dog, Cat, or any other Creature declares the wonderfull works and glory of the Almighty; but the meaning thereof is, that he effecteth thereby and worketh, and herein are his wonderfull works the more manifest, and to be admired. I thought the Doctor and the other now of late pretending to be aBut some of his other old Trades do better become him: for neither his humour, nor natural inclination do anywise suit with it. Minister of the word, had been better versed in the sense and meaning of that Scripture; but this by the way.
And as touching Psal. 19.3. in their 22. page, where they should have proved it no ways available to my Argument or purpose, disputants like, alas, they tell their Reader, my interpretation must give place to the Apostles, Rom. 10.18. viz. preaching of the Gospel, not of Astrologie; and for the Pleiades in Job, say they, they are answered after; and for the fighting of the stars against Sisera, compare Josh. 10.11. Exod 9.23. but name the words of none of these places; for that would discover their wickedness in wresting the Scripture by affirming what is not; as also their ignorance and weakness in not knowing how otherwise to answer the business, but by quoting the like number of Texts, and pretending to their Reader, therein he shall receive clear satisfaction, never regarding whether they were any thing or not to the purpose.
But since ye are so cunning, I will be as cunning as you; and since the point is so considerable, as that the legality of the Art, and the warrant thereof from Divine Scripture dependeth thereon, I shall shew you (because you have thus played the Sophisters with your Reader in this as in all other) what those passages you quote speak, and then let any that hath but half an eye to discern between light and darkness, good and bad, truth and falshood, judge of the business.
But first, let me shew you what they have unawares confessed touching that of Judges, thinking it will confirm that ridiculous assertion of theirs, That the meaning of that Text is, the storms, Tempests, winde and rain fought against Sisera: Ha, ha, he! I never knew in my life (nor (I am confident) the antientest and wisest Philosopher that ever was) any star that had the name of storm, tempest, wind, rain or hail; the Divine Writ expresly telleth us, that the stars in their courses fought, &c. and yet these —, what shall I call them, render it storms, tempests, wind, &c. and therein themselves both envious and ridiculous, having no better a come off; if all their learning cannot distinguish betwixt stars and storms, they are not so fit to hold or maintain an Argument, as to go to school to learn to spell better; for although they are so antient, nunquam sera est, &c. for (no disparagement to them) I have known wiser, nay and far more solid and discreet at 18. yeers of age; but perhaps this their errour proceeded not from any defect of Judgement, but of old Age and wanting their spectacles mistook & read storms for stars, as their quondam brother read green-bay-horse for bay-tree; wherefore since they are in their dotage, or at least since these and such like mistakes are usual with them, I shall not farther take notice of such animals; but return to shew you what a rod they have given me to whip themselves, which they had very well deserved, had they been thus tardy at School.
That the stars have influence, is clear from their own Arguments and words.In the same 22. page of their Pamphlet, they confess (but certainly unawares, as I said before) that those storms, tempests, winds, &c. were accounted by Junius to be caused by the Influence of the stars and heavenly bodies; whereby you may clearly see how much they know what they write against, when the influence of the stars is confessed by them to be the cause of those storms, tempests, &c. that discomfited Siseras Army (this is as much as I desire) and yet in their very next words they deny that that passage of Scripture maketh any thing for Astrologie; wherefore since you have at large already heard, and now here again by their own Arguments and words I have fully proved and warranted that the stars have influence on elementary things, I need not here spend time to shew you farther what might be understood, and is indeed to be collected affirmatively out of that text for this our purpose; but hasten to shew that (notwithstanding what they have said) the stars are by the same testimony, viz. the word of God, proved to be both signs and causes; yet first let me shew you their impudence, wresting of Scriptures, and concealedness, touching whom the wisest of men, (Solomon) Prov. 26 12. testifyeth.
CHAP. XV. Shewing that the Text in Psal. 19. v. 3. alledged by the Author to prove the stars have influence, is no wise refelled.
Their reply to Psal. 19.3. proved insufficient and weak for their purpose.AS touching the first, viz. Rom. 10.18. which they say is rather to be taken then my interpretation, meerly hereby to deceive their Reader, not being indeed able otherwise to give any solid answer thereunto (as hath been said.) The words are (the Apostle having before spoken of the difference of that righteousness which cometh of the Law, and that of Faith in the foregoing verse, Faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the Word of God, and then he saith) but have they not heard? (meaning the People or Nations) yes verily; their sound went into all the earth, and their words unto the end of the world; being about to shew that both Iews and Gentiles shall hear the word preached unto them; but hereby they prove not (to any rational man) that because these Texts agree and come neer to one another in words, therefore they are one and the same in sense; for that were to render themselves both void of sense and reason; for we see clearly the Apostle here promiseth in a Prophetick way the Universal preaching of the word, or at least that it should shine in the dark corners of the Gentiles, who were then unbelievers; but not one word or mention either in this Text, or to be gathered out of all the Chapter, of the stars or their influence: but in that 19. Psalm and the third verse we see clearly, there is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard; meaning the voice of the stars, viz. their influence; having (as you have heard) in the preceding words said, The Heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament sheweth his handy work, and in the subsequent words, viz. vers. 4, 5, 6. their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world: in them hath he set a Tabernacle for the Sun, which as a Bridegroom cometh out of his chamber, and rejoyceth as a strong man to run a race; his going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it, and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof; By which you may plainly see that David there speaketh of all the Heavens in general; the heavens declare, &c. and stars therein, when he mentions their voice, and particularly the Zodiack, which he calls a Tabernacle for the Sun; moreover, you are quite put out of doubt, that he before spake of all these, and the influence of the stars by his mentioning this more particularly, the Sun, Qui est Rex astrorum, and his heat, and so comprehending all under him being the chief of them; intimating also that his influence is universal throughout the whole earth from the East unto the West, the which course he rejoyceth to run as a strong man to run a race; so that from hence here can nothing in the least be gathered for the uniting those two Texts in sense being as different as the North is from the South, or as Heaven is from Earth, and altogether as impossible to be united, as it is to joyn the East with the West, or the Pole Artick with the Antartick; for it was meerly the marginal notes in some of our Bibles, which led these two learned Teachers of the Word of God out of the way, and into this weak business, serving no whit at all to their purpose; which they knew well enough; and therefore it was they delivered not the words of the Text they quoted, perswading themselves that their telling the Reader it was St. Pauls interpretation of the Psalm agreeing somewhat in words, would be sufficient; and truly so it is for the making them ridiculous, but for nothing else; for sure I am St. Paul, never made either an interpretation or exposition of the Psalms, or the marginal Notes in our Bibles; but me thinks they should have taken the 4, 5, and 6. verses before mentioned with them, and have made all concur, they depending so unanimously one upon the other: but this is clear, let us now to their answer to that in Iob by me alledged, and so proceed.
CHAP. XVI. Proving their Reply to Job 38.31. shewing the stars to have influence to be frivolous and of no effect.
MArk how as touching this point, they tell their Reader it is answered after, Their Reply to Iob. 38.31. but they tell him not in what manner; for if they had, they had been unwise; for all the answer that I could find in all their Galimaufry was only this, that what I said was false, according to the old saying, in a word thou lyest; a pure way to confute an Argument, and very easie! But whoso shall peruse St. Augustine upon Iob, which here would be too tedious to discuss, and in a manner (being so clear, and that by the testimony of so good an Author) superfluous; I say no more on this matter, only desiring thee also to peruse but the preceding and subsequent words of that passage of St. Augustine which they bring, seeming to make for them, and thou shalt finde therein also their jugling tricks to deceive their Reader: just as they brought Ptolomie to condemn Astrologie, which I hinted at in the beginning of this Book; for it is very strange that Ptolomie should speak against that which he taught to the World in four Books in Folio; but if the sense and meaning of the Author be not regarded, it is an easie matter even in the best of Writings to finde out some seeming contradictions.
But I dare positively affirm and maintain that St. Augustine doth in no place of all his works condemn, and positively dis-allow of Christian Iudicial Astrologie in its purity, and not abused; and this may sufficiently be manifested by those five opinions I have set down in my Lux Veritatis, chap. 2. sect. 3. which he recordeth in libro de Civitate Dei, lib. 5. cap. 1. for though the superstitious abuses thereof be by him condemned, it argueth not therefore the natural uses are to be abolished; and therefore though before his conversion he followed the Heresies of the Manichees, Lib. 5. cap. 4. and lib. 20. cap. 6. contra Faustum Manicheum. who maintained the stars to be adored and prayed unto, and afterwards wrote against them, yet can it not be made apparent, that he utterly condemned this liberal Science, as will appear by these words of his in libro 5. cap. 6. de Civitate Dei; Non usque quaque absurde dici possit ad solas corporum differentias, afflatus quosdam valere sidereos, sient in solaribus accessibus, & recessibus; videmus etiam ipsius anni tempera variari, & lunaribus incrementis & decrementis angeri & minni quaedam genera rerum, sicut echinos & conchas, & mirabiles aestus oceani, non autem & animi voluntates positionibus syderum subdi: whereby we see nothing exempted from subjection to the stars that is bodily, but only our spiritual part; neither doth he ascribe this power to the stars in general, as that their specifical vertues are not possible to be known by man; for in his Book De gen. lib. 2. cap 5. he agreeth with Astrologers that Saturn is cold.
Again shall we admit that St. Augustine, and with him all the Fathers unanimously are against Astrologie; yet may we not hence make our selves so ridiculous as to conclude Astrologie of no validity or efficacy, they being but men, and therefore subject to error; and since it is nowise condemned by the word of God (which should be the touchstone of all mens writings) further then that men should not give the power of the Creator to the creature, nor impose a fatal necessity and trust therein; and therefore St. Augustine in the aforesaid fifth Book, and first chap. of his City of God, delivering five opinions (as I said) concerning destiny, in his first sheweth, that by destiny is understood The providence, will, and power of God; and therefore he warneth Astrologers, that they continue their opinions, but correct their tongues; for that through custom of speech the vulgar commonly understood nothing by the word fate, or destiny, but the inevitable power of the stars; and so becomes a means to draw them from a true trust and confidence in God and his word.
And truly were it not for fear of making this Treatise too great, I could shew you that every part of Astrologie, nay even monethly Prognostications (which some men think are condemned by the word of God) being grounded upon observation deduced from [Page 34]causes in nature, have ever been permitted and suffered in all well ordered and Christian Common-wealths; and that not only the Fathers and latter Divines, but even Mr. Calvin himself in his admonition, with others (that attribute as little to this Art as they may) do allow thereof, so far forth as it extends to the state of the weather, of health, sickness, plenty, dearth, and to the direction of the Physitian when to purge by Pill, when by Potion, when by letting of blood; this being as far as I maintain the Art, and make my study therein proceed, as shall be cleared before the closure of this Treatise; but let us here proceed.
CHAP. XVII. Proving their Reply to Judges 5.20. weak, and nowise available to their intent or purpose.
ENter we now on the last Text, viz. That in Iudges, with which they bid us compare Josh. 10.11. Exod 9 23. the which you shall see maketh altogether as little for their turn as all the rest have in the other, and therefore it was they durst not deliver the words, which are these, Iosh. 10.11. And it came to pass as they fled from before Israel (meaning the hosts of the 5. Kings) and were in the going down to Bethoren, that the Lord cast down great stones from Heaven upon them unto Azekah; they were more which died with hale-stones, then they which the children of Israel slew with the sword: in all which, we see only the vengeance of God executed on those people that Ioshuah was ordained to drive out from before the children of Israel: how doth this prove that the stars in their courses fought not against Sisera, in the fifth of Iudges? or that they did not indeee fight also against these 5. Kings? for by their own confession, the storms, hale, wind, and tempests that discomfited Siseras Army, were occasioned by the influence of the stars; and therefore I know no reason to the contrary, but that they were also occasioners of these hale-stones, so that they have gained little by this their first place to be therewith compared.
As touching the second, it is this, Exod. 9.23. The words are, And Moses stretched forth his Rod towards Heaven, and the Lord sent thunder and hale, and the fire run along upon the ground, and the Lord rained hale upon the Land of Egypt; a strong argument truly, that the stars in their courses fought not against Sisera! what would they have it to be, or their Reader to understand by these their weak come-offs? would they have it the hand of God? I say the same; would they have it hale-storms? I say so to; what would they have it to be? Can they shew me in either, or both these their texts, that the stars in their courses fought not against Sisera? or can they shew that thereby we are taught and shewn to read that place otherwise? but they must know this, that though in neither of them there is a word to be found or mention made of any stars, yet in that of Judges there is both mention of them, and express testimony they fought against Sisera, The stars in their courses fought against Sisera.
So that you see clearly my Arguments, proving Astrologie to be warranted by the word of God, do remain yet unshaken, and that notwithstanding all that they have or can say; no solid Reply can be by them produced to the contrary; wherefore it mattereth not (should we make no more words) what either of them both or all the men in the World that are either ignorantly or obstinatly or traditionally against it, do say against it; for as I end that 2. sect of my 2. chap. where I prove the stars to be both signs and causes, I may here, you see, again triumphantly sing, Et si Scriptura, & ipse Deus nobiscum quis contra nos? If the Scripture and God himself be with us, who can be against us?
Wherefore you see now what great cause the Penner of that rabble had to say after these evasions and juggles, Thus with a touch it appears that Mr. Ramesey is deceived in his conclusion to the said proofs, that one of them were enough to convince any man the stars have influence; for, nor one, nor all, nor an hundred such, are in any shew sufficient to convince a prudent man of this, &c.
Thus you see he denies the very testimonny of the word of God, nay although it were affirmed by an hundred places, and yet with all his wit he cannot refell the least of these, save with his facing down with a bold forehead, which to the judicious will be but a laughing stock; for now it is most manifest, that whereas he said, I was then in a dream, he is in such a dream that he knoweth not where he is, nor how to beturn or betake himself for refuge, but by railing and spitting his venome Viper-like against me and that wherewith I have wounded him to the quick; for it is most apparent, that (although he saith thus with a touch, &c.) he hath so slightly touched my Arguments that they yet stand unshaken; and had he not said thus with a touch, we had not known whether he had touched them or no. Wherefore now lets see how my Arguments also by the word of God that the stars are both signs and causes, are still left also unrefelled, and so hasten to a conclusion.
CHAP. XVIII. That the stars are proved both signs and causes by the word of God; and the Art lawful, notwithstanding all their malice.
That the stars are both signs and causes, proved and cleared.SO in my Lux Veritatis, chap. 2. Sect. 2. From these Texts you will finde I prove that the stars are both signs and causes, Gen. 1.14. Hos. 2.21. and Deut. 33.14. the which because it would here be too tedious to rehearse, I refer unto thee to peruse at thy own leisure; to all which thou shalt finde no other reply returned then this at the latter end of the 73. page. The Doctor denies not that the stars are causes, and this I believe is granted me, because they knew no other reply, without rendring themselves ridiculous to the World; but if so▪ and (as it is farther granted) that he alloweth of Natural Astrology, and so consequently that the stars are also signs; let me ask any rational man what they argue against then, if the stars be confessed signs and causes of wind, hale, storms, tempests and alteration of weather? or how is it then unlawfull, Diabolical, or a doctrine of Devils, to practise or prognosticate thereby of these accidents? as Doctor Homes most wisely and discreetly termeth it: And thus hast thou briefly been shewn the utmost of that discourse for the refelling of mine, by which you see, notwithstanding, Astrologie to remain in full force; that the stars have influence, and are both signs and causes warranted by the Divine Word of God. It resteth therefore now, I only add this one place more in the 4. sect. of the 1. chap. of my Discourse, wherein I prove that the Art of Astrologie is not prohibited by the word of God, nor the study thereof by God himself, but rather by him allowed, and then shall conclude with a Relation of the power and subject of Astrologie, and how far it is by me defended or maintained, and pass over all the residue of that rabbling, railing reply as not worthy my notice.
[...]n th t fourth Sect. (I say) proving the legality of Astrologie, and that God doth not proh [...]ite the study thereof, as is clear by that testimony of the Holy Ghost by St. Stephen in the 7. of the Acts ver. 22. speaking in the commendation of Moses, he giveth him over and above the commendation aforesaid in that same 7. chap. this praise, That he was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and deeds, which (I say in that place) is clear to any rational man, ‘That if it had been anywise sinfull, Diabolical or odious in the sight of God, Moses would not have applyed his study thereunto, or at least it would never have been recorded in his praise: I might instance here Daniel, Solomon and others; but this is so clear that to insist longer hereon, were but vain; thus far I insisted in that place above quoted.’
Now as touching a Reply thereunto, they have none in the world, but a bold Assertion of an untruth in these words, pag. 38. of that Pamphlet, The Doctor hath fully answered that these Saints were not judicial Astrologers. But in what place, the Reader is left to [Page 36]to seek, which right Disputants are never guilty of; but catch either the Doctor or this Rufus, without an evasion or juggle, and — you may do what you will with them.
So also when I prove further, that Astrology is a lawful Art, being not prohibited by the Word of God, their Reply is, it is onely my passing my word for it; but I would fain see them pass any sound word or Argument against it, and not content themselves with these silly and weak come-offs.
Again, in that 4. Sect. I come further to shew that, ‘We see by experience, that God doth (so far is he from disallowing and prohibiting the practice of Astrology) absolutely allow of both the Art and Artists, in his shewing of blazing-stars to them onely that study Astrology (not to the vulgar and proficient in other Arts) to forewarn his people of the danger and punishment to come; and if it were not so, he might as well shew signes of his future pleasure to the Illiterate by common vulgar things, as in heaven, to the learned Astrologer who can onely judge of their effects.’
Now but warily observe their Reply, and thou wilt have fit matter of laughter; for in the 38 page, they say that my alleadging that God shews blazing-stars onely to Astrologers, is a grot [...] untruth, Confessed by thousands of the vulgar yet alive in England, who saw the blazing-star many nights that appeared afore the Swedish wars in Germany; for what hinders but shepherds, saylers, watch-men, and Illiterates should perceive that which is obvious to the common eys of man-kind, and distinguish a Comet from a star by his neerness, moti n, and his feather or long taile?
And truly herein they have told us a long tale to no purpose; for should I deny that such things can be discerned that are obvious to the common sense of seeing, I should indeed render my selfe as ridiculous as they have in not apprehending my words, who deny not in the least, but that they may plainly be seen of Sailers, Watchmen, Shepheards, illiterate Hay-makers, also dolts and Asses if they be not blind or asleep, which is nothing at all to my Argument; for I was to let my Reader know that God more especially (allowing of the study and contemplation of his heavenly creatures in his servants) sheweth such things as are Comets and Blazing-stars to Astrologers onely; I say because they onely of all other men, are the ablest to judge of their effects and portences, that the people might be forewarned of their misery and the like; for otherwise he might shew his wonders in common vulgar things.
Neither the Doctor nor Rusus understand English or Sense.But if we observe, it is wonderful to see how learnedly these zealous blades by this their Reply prove that God (contrary to what I have alleadged) doth not in the least allow of Astrology, or the Students thereof, by this his shewing of Comets or Blazing-stars; and that this my Argument conduced not to the validity of the Art or Artists, and not to come off so blewly to argue on what was never affirmed; but poor men they are to be excused come once to talk to them of Comets and Blazing-stars, and you put them quite out of their sphear: therefore I shall onely propound this question to them, and look for an Answer when they are able to understand English; they say I am shamefully out in my Latin, because I interpret not the words of the Bachharen Councell verbatim, but deliver the sense of them. I thought I had writ to men, which would have been content with the sense, and not to children that must have it word by word expounded; but however, this must needs be a Bull to affirm that therefore I was out in my Latin, but they cannot deny they are in this place out in their English, which is a far greater fault, and deserves both the ferula and flagellum, and therefore I say I shall onely ask them this question▪ because they understand neither English, sense nor honesty, for perhaps thereby they may come to understand what I said; viz. whether it was the Astrologer I spake of, or the Shepheard, Sailer, Watchmen, and Illiterates they speak of, that told them the Comet in 1618. foreshewed the Swedish wars in Germany, that they talk of?
CHAP. XIX. Proving Astrology to be warranted by Councels, in spight of their Rabble.
EVen in that same 4. Sect. having thus (as you have heard) shewed the legality of Astrology, and validity of the study thereof, not being prohibited by God, &c. I conclude then, that whatever Doctor Homes alledgeth was the Law of the Romans against it, was of no validity; since of necessity (if warranted by the Word of God) it must be allowed by the Councels, especially the godlier sort of Conncels, whose Acts and determinations will be grounded on piety and the Word of God; and if otherwise, I value not what their censure is; for they are but men and (guided by their own reasons and opinions) fraile, subject to infirmities and errours; [...]umanum est errare.
To which in their 39 pag. they Reply, that as I prove Astrology not to be condemned by the Word of God, just so (and no wiselier) do I prove it not impugned by Councels, namely by bare facing it down with a bold forehead.
Now I desire no better proof that it is not condemned by Councels then this; for if their wisdomes will admit this to be proved as wisely, and just as I have the other, which all their wit you see, could not in the least and weakest point silence, my Argument will be good and firm enough, and evident to the Reader, that they remain as yet by them unshaken, and that they have no other refuge but barely to face it down with a bold and impudent forehead, especially being in the former so shamefully bafled.
Wherefore now it resteth I snew you the full power and subject of Astrology, and how far I maintain or allow of the Art, and here desist, referring you for further satisfaction to that discourse of mine, which is able to justifie these my words, since for all that the Replyers thereunto can say, the Art remains still unshaken, and it unanswered; wherefore they had but small reason to title that weak piece, Judicial Astrology Judicially condemned, when alas there is hardly a judicious sentence to be found between the beginning and end thereof, unless borrowed of some other Author, neither are they or it able to shew their faces before the judicious and impartial Judges of the matter, without suffering condign condemnation themselves.
CHAP. XX. Containing the power and subject of Astrology, and how far the Author vindicateth it.
YOu are now to receive ‘The power and subject of Astrology, which by all what you have heard,How the Author sets down the power and subject of Astrology. dealeth with such things as are performed by Art and Nature, with the will of man indirectly and accidentally, and his inclinations temperature, and dispositions; as also with his affections and body, and with natural and secondary causes, and general accidents and contingencies: But not with rare contingencies or such as have an indifferent respect to the opposites, as depending upon unknown and indeterminate causes, which may happen one way or other: neither with mans will doth Astrology meddle, but accidentally, so far as the Soul with the faculties thereof follows the temperature of the body; neither with the Providence of God or shew a cause of miracles; or with the secrets of God; for they are (saith the Scripture) past finding out. Ergo, Astrologers, that are men that contemplate but natural causes, are falsly and most scandalously [Page 38]abused when thus impeached, neither hath the influence of the stars any fatality as inevitable, except some contigency be mixed therewith; for this were to deny the Providence of God.’
How far the Author maintaineth or justifieth Astrology.Now as touching the parts of Astrology, I shall here according to Ptolomy, in the beginning of his second Book of his Quadripartite, chap. 1. divide into two, the first and chief part being general, as having relation to Countries, Kingdoms, Provinces, and Cities, alterations of Kingdoms, Laws, Customs, death, plenty, wars, peace, health, sickness, and mutations in the Air, &c. The second particular, viz. To mens Nativities, as to know the particular constitution, temperature and natural inclination of any man or woman, but not other accidents, as whether a man shall live long, the time when he shall die, and what manner of death, whether he shall be rich, and how attain it, &c. which are, as also Horary questions depending thereon, not certain.
The first is judged by the position of the Heavens and the Planets, and their Natures and significations at the time of any Revolution of the yeers of the world, the appearance of Eclipses, Comets, Blazing-stars, or great Conjunctions; The latter, at the time of the parties birth: and so far and no farther do I any wise allow of the Art; for, what is called Astrology more then this, is not ASTROLOGY, but the meer abuse of the Art; I meand Charactery-Astrology, and other superstitions of the Arabians, and Chaldeans, also horary questions, and elections, if not depending or grounded on the Radix of the parties Nativitie, or rather on that part which teacheth of the general accidents of the world, are neither countenanced or vidicated by me in the least; for I have studied and know sufficiently the experience thereof, neither do I wholly relie on the setting of any mans Nativity, though it hath been approved of by some of the learned;The Authors opinion touchiug Nativities. fer, since the stars have no power on such as are ruled either by Reason or Grace, (as you have heard where I say, Astra agunt, not cogunt, are sapiens dominabitur astris) to what end then is it for a man to busie his head about such uncertainties, when except the native be a man meerly natural, no Prediction shall fall out true, as to accidents and disposition? sure is worse then madness then, to spend time on this part of the Art.
Touching Horary questions, and Elections.Wherefore it must needs follow then, that the resolutions of questions and elections thereon depending, are more uncertain; yet I must confess the Astrologer may undertake in some sense to answer the demands of the Querent by his Art, without regard to the Radix or ought else, since he may be confidently assured that such inquirers are nowise either rational or religious, and so consequently are easily carried on to the temptations and delusions of the devil, or according to the natural inclination and influence of the Heavens.
Yet know, that Elections touching the administration of Physicke, Phlebotomy, using of Husbandry and Navigation, I do allow of, as also all other elections if they depend on this matter; but what is more then this, doth (in my opinion) subject mans will to the power of the stars, and all his voluntary actions; which to affirm, were most ridiculous.
Needs must he be most impious and ignorant that traduceth Astrology.And thus far is the glory of God made cleerly manifest in his creatures; and to deny this which is indeed the pure Art of Astrology, is to deny the most heavenly and chiefest study (next to Divinity) under the Sun, and also that which of all studies else most conduceth to the praise and glory of the omnipotent and omniscient creator, for which they and all things else were first created; and then consequently must the treducers thereof be most impious and ignorant.
Reader, I shall here for conclusion say no more then this, that thou first seek thy Creator and serve him, before thou apply thy minde unto this subsequent or any other study, for that so thou shalt be made the more excellent and perfect therein; yet particularly as for this heavenly contemplation, let me tell thee, wert thou an Heathen before thou wert seen therein, yet wilt thou cleerly be made thereby (when thou art acquainted therewith) to see thy Creator and his unspeakable wisdom thereinErgo, far from making men Athiests (as some have affirmed) except they believe a fatality, which in this study is to be wholly denyed, and by me ever was.; wherefore in all thy study give him the whole praise and glory, who hath disposed and ordered all things according to his divine will, and inevitable decree; and that thou mayest be the better inabled thereunto, thou shalt never want my prayers nor service.
Die ♄ 31. Januarii 1651.