IN the beginning did the Ever­lasting & almighty God, through his wisdom, create the whole world out of nothing; & joyned the Earth with the Sea together (as being the heaviest) in one round form, in the manner of a ball, & placed them in the center or midle point, as in the nether­most place; the heaven, as a tent, is with an un measurable breadth extended, over and about it, and adorned with many and glo­rious lights, as the Sunne, Moone, Planets, and other starres innu­merable. And that the earth minght be a fit habitation or dwel­ling for man and other terrestrial creatures, and through its plen­tiful fruit nourish and sustain them, hath God exalted it above the waters, and ordained unto the Zea its place in the depths on such a manner, that shee on every side comprehending the earth with its crookednes, doth distinguish and devide the same in three several pars of great continents, that is firm lands; over which the describers of the earth (as the Astronomers over heaven) place vijf circkels; as the Aequinoctial, so called, be­cause night and day are over the whole earth of one lenght whensoeuer the Son doth come in this circle, which happe­neth about the 21^th. of march and the 23^th of September. This circle is also called Aequator, to which when the Sunne com­meth, it maketh the dayes and the nights equal; the Marriners of the low countries doe call it the middle-line, because it doth devide the face of the earth in two equal parts, where of the one tendeth towards the north, and the other towards the south and so it is the very middle betwixt the Northern, and southern lines, or Poles. The other is called Tropicus Cancri, or the Sunne turning of the Crab, because the Sunne when it commeth to this circle about thay 21 thay of June, beginneth to turne to­wards the Aequator, and then it is the longest day to those who live in the north, and the shortest to those who live in the south from the Aequator: this circle is situated 23 degrees 32▪ minutes north ward from the middle-line. The third is tear­med Tropicus Capricorni, or a Sunne-turning of the heaven called Capricorne, because the Sunne, when it commeth to this circle, which is about the 23^th of December, beginneth to turne and to climb towards the Aequator; and then it is, contrary as before, the shortest day to those who live in the North, and the longest to those who live in the South of the mid-line: and this signe is situated 23 degrees, 31½ minuits in the South of the Aequinoctial. The 4^th is called Circulus Arcticus, the North­ern circle, and the 5^th Circulus Antarcticus, the Southern circle: these are situated 23 degrees 31½ minuits, the one from the Northern, and the other from the Southern pole or diame­ter of the world, and are through tbe circumrotation off the heaven described from the Pole of the Zodiak, or the course of the Sunne. The ancient and most skilful Astronomers under­stand by the Circulus Arcticus not onely this which is descri­bed; but such a circle whose half Diameter or line which goeth through the midle point, is even as much as the hight of the pole from every place, comprehending al wayes those starres which before the hight of every land never goe under; in which regard this circle in all countries which differ in breath, doth differ, as also from Antarcticus: but in the aforesayd de­scription wee followe the common manner of the describers of countries. The earth is also through the aforenamed 4 last cir­cles devided in 5 great regions, by the Greek called Zonas, or girdels, because that they in the form of girdels doe compasse the globe of the Earth. The first there of is environed or enclo­sed within the northern circle, and beareth the name of the Northern cold region. The second is called the Southern cold region, runing round about the Southern Pole within the Southern circle. The third, being the middlemost amongst them all, is called the barren and hot region, and is situated between the Circles of the Cancer or Crab and the signe of Ca­pricornus. The 4^h is situated betwixt the Northern Circle and the Circle of the Crab, and is called the tempeted Northern Region. The last, called the Southern temperate region, is situated betwixt the Circle of Capricornus and the Southern Circle. The old-Philosophers and Describers of countries did suppose that of these vive the two temperate alone where inhabited, and that of the other three, the two cold ones could not be inhabited, in regard of the great intolerable cold, and the barren hot region, in regard of the burning heat of the Sun But time inconclusion hath produced, the truth thereof: seing we have experienced about 150 years hence that they all are inhabited, but the cold least of all, as Greenland, Iceland, Lapland, the utmost parts of Norway, and such like countries. Experience likewise hath taught us that in the barren, hot re­gion the heat is not untolerable, neither doth it burn in such a manner as the Ancient conceived: sith there are found many excellent fruitful and populous Kingdoms, as Genee, Aethiope, Arabia, East-Indies, the famous Ilands Sumatra, Java, and Molucquen; as alsoo Bresil, Peru, New-Spain, and other such like countries.

For to have the right understanding of the situation of coun­tries, wee must know that the describers of the earth calculate the same according to the degrees of length and breadth. The breadth of places (which is alwayes alike at the height of the Pole) is accounted from the midle line to be twofold, Northward or Southward to the number of ninety. The length is accounted from te Meridian-line, which runneth over de Pico de Tayda in the Iland Teneriffa, along the midle-line towards the East, to the number of 360, as for example, Amsterdam is situated 52½ from the midle-line towards the North, which is the breadth or the Poles higth of the fame city, and in the length 23 degrees, because the same doth agree with such a de­gree of the Aequinoctial, calculating from the aforesaid Meri­dian. De Cabo de Bona Esperanca is situated on the breath Southward from 34½ degrees, and in the length from 42 degrees. The countries or cities situated under the same length haue al­wayes at one time and moment alike midday, and alike hour of the day: as when it is noon at Amsterdam then it is also noon at Bergen in Norway, at Lions in France, at Algiers in Barbary, and such like places situated in one lenght. But those which are situated under severall degrees of length, differ likewise in the calculation of houres; so that when it is midday in the forenamed places, then it is at Bantam in the Iland Java 7 houres and 12 minutes in the afternoon, because the same city is situated 108 degrees in the length toward the East, for it differs every 15 degrees one hour: but in the city Lima, laying in Peru, it is 6 houres in the fore-noon, becausse the same city is situated in the length about 90 degrees towards the West, as Amsterdam. Those also which are situated under the like breath or higth of the Pole, have alwayes alike length of dayes and nights: this is also to be understord, that those who live on the southside of the midle-line have the shortest day, when we have the longest: as they have the Winter when we have the Sommer, and we the Winter, when they have the Sommer. But they which are situated under an unequal breadth or hight of the Pole, have also unequal length of dayes and nights: for the frarther à place is situated from the midleline, how the longest day is greater there, and the shortest les. As for ex­ample they who live under the Aequinoctial line, have day and night thorough the whole year alike long, without change. They who live on the breadth of 30 degrees, have the longest day, almost of 14 houres: on the breadth of 50 degrees, the longest day hath stifly 16 houres. Under the Northern Circle, which wee call Circules Arcticus, doth not the Sunne on the [Page] longest day set or goe under the Horizon. On the breadth of 70 degrees doth not the Sunne set in 64 dayes: and so following the longed dayes encreasse till under the Pole, where in the whole year not more is then one day and one night, each con­tinuing one half year.

Further more the Earth is devided at this day in two great firm lands and parts, in Antiquam or old and Novam or new America, called the New World. The first called the Old World, because it was onely known to the Ancient, have the ancient Describers of the Earth devided again in three parts, towit, in Europa; Asia, and Africa.

EUROPE, hath in length 1200, and in bredth 675 Ger­man miles.

ASIA, contains in lenght 1800, and in bredth 1275 Ger­man miles.

AFRICA extendeth in length 1200, and in bredth 1050 German miles.

AMERICA is in length 1950, and in Bredth 1200 Ger­man miles.

Now we are to shew further what Kingdoms and countries there are in them, and what manner of commodities may be carried from the one to the other.

Europe possesseth these Realms, the state of the church, under the Pope of Rome, and further whole Italy; High-Germany, under the Emperour at vienna; Spain, France, England, Scot­land, Ireland, Island, Norway, Denmark, Swethland, Po­land, and Moscovy, together with the Republick of venice, Swisserland, and the Netherlands; as yet Hungary, Walachia, Moldavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Dalmatia, Croatia, Greece, together with the Islands Majorca, Minorca, Ivica, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and Candia

Italy hath the Republick of Genoua, the Dukedom Mantoua, the state of the church, the Republick of venice, the Kingdom of Naples, with the Islands Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: and afford Silk, Camlet, Stammel, Fustian, Gold-and Silver-wire, Arms, Rice, Alum, Gall-nuts, Oil, Glas, and looking-glasses.

Germany, Comprehendeth first three parts; as, that of se­ven Prince Electours, of Mentz, Treves, Collen, Branden­burg, Heidelburg, Saxony, Bavaria, besides the Kingdom of Bohemia; secondly the Spiritual, and Worldly Princes, and thirdly the free Imperial-touns of the H. Romish Empire: besi­des these three parts, there are yet to Kreitsen. De City of Spi­ra hath the highest Court of justice. The wares of this country are Gold, Silver, Copper, Tin, Lead, Alum, Quick-silver, Dying stufs, Wine, Wool, Ribband, Fustian and several sorts of Arms

Spain hath these Kingdoms; viz. Castile, Portugal, Al­garve, Andaluzia, Granada, Murcia, Valentia, Catalogne, Arragon, Naverre, Biscaie, and Galicia; and they yeeld Wine, Oil, Rice, Limons, Oranges, Pomegranates, Licorish, Silk, Wool, Cork, Rosin, Steel, Iron and Arms. In Spain are several Archbishopricks, Bishhopricks, and 22 universities.

France, contained these Countries; Brittain, Normandy, Picardy, Champagne, la France, Beauce, Berry, Blaisois, Vendosme, Perche, Hastinois, Senonois, Valois, le Maine, Touraine, Anjou, Poictou, Xantonge, Pirogort, Limosin, Bourbonnois, Lionnois, Forest, Beaujolois, Auvergne, An­goulesme, Auxerre, Nevers, Burgondy, Quercy, Gascoin, Languedock, Province, Daulphine, Bern, Lorain, Orange, Avignon, Savoy, &c. And there is abundance of wheat, Rye, Oxen, Hogs, Salt, Oil, Wine, Chesnuts, Almonds, Plumbs, Beads, Hemp, and Hides. In the same are several Archbishopricks and Bishopricks, seven Parliaments, and 21 Universities.

England consisteth in 39 Counties, to which come out of Wales 13 more to it; viz. Northumberland, Cumberland, Durham, Westmorland, Lancaster, Chester, Carnarvonshire, Dengibensershire, Filint, Merionethshire, Montgomeryshire, Salop, Cardiganshire, Radnor, Vigorny, Cornwal, Devon­shire, Somersethshire, Dorseth, Wiltshire, Glocester, Mon­mouth, Glamorgan, Carmarthen, Pembrook, Brecknock Hereford, York, Lincoln, Darby, Stafford Nottingham, Leicester, Rutland, Northfolk, Warnixshire, Northamtonshire, Huntinton, Cambridge, Suffolk, Oxford, Buckingham, Bedford­shire Herefordshire, Essex, Berks, Middlesex, Southamton, Surry and Sussex. It hath clothes, Stammel, Wheat, Saffran, Tin, Lead, Barly, Panick, Beer, Redharring and Coals.

Scotland is devided in South or high, and North or low Scot­land, and separated from England by the river Tweed; and there are two Archbishopricks, and eleven Bishopricks: it yeel­deth Kersy, Perpetuanas, Wool, Barly, Panick and Hides.

Ireland consisteth in 5 Regions; viz. Langenia, Connacia, Ultonia, Mormonia, and Media: it hath 30 Earls, 4 Arch­bishops, and 29 Bishops, and yeeldeth Corn, Hides, and But­ter, &c.

Island is devided in Austlendiga Fiordung, Westlendiga Fior­dung, Northlendiga Fiordung, and Southlendiga Fiordung. This most Northerly Island hath one Governour, apointed by the King of Denmark, and exporteth Stockfish, Stockins, Brimstone and Corn.

Norway is devided in Scandia and Scandinovia. The City Anslo in Norway is the place of the Bishop; Bergen is a reno­uned mart-town. This Realm produceth Deal-boards, Sparres, Mastes, Wood for Fewel and Hides.

Denmark embraceth, Jutland, Funen, Sealand and Scho­nen or Sconia, besides the Islands laying here about; and it yeeldeth Oxen, Barly, French-wheat, Stockfish, Tallow, Oker-nuts, Hides, Buck-skins, Mastes, Timber, Fir-wood, Salt, Pitch, Tar, Brimstone, &c.

Swethland is properly devided in the Gothlands Provinces, viz. Fastgothia, Westgothia, Southgothia, or Smaland, Tuis­cia, verendia, Meringia and Oeland. The other Swethish Pro­vinces are upland Westmannia, Eastdalia, Solicisdalia, War­meland, Gestrica, Helsingia, Middle-padia, Nordangerman­nia, Nordbotnia, Scrienfinia, Lapland, Biarmia, Finland, Carelia and Ingria: the Commodities of it are Iron, Copper, Lead, Hides, Elks and Buck-skins, Tallow, Pitch, French-wheat, Barly, &c.

Poland is distinguished in great and little Poland. The chief Cities in great Poland are, Posna, Gnesna, Siradia, Uladislavia, Brescia, Crusphicia, Ploczso, Dobrinia; in little Poland, Cra­cow, Sandomir, and Lublin It produced Rye, Wheat, Wax, Honey, Metheglin, Hides, Flax, Hemp, Pitch, Tar, Pot­ashes, Timber, Spruce-beer, &c.

Muscovy is devided in Black and white Russia; the head City of it is Musco: there is aboundance of Rye, Wheat, Wax, Hony, Tallow, Suet, Harts-skins, Russia-leather, Flax, Hemp, &c.

The Common-wealth of Venice hath 3 whole Countrits; viz. Marca Tarvi [...]na, Friuli, Histrica, besides a part of Lombardia, laying on the river Po, viz. Brescia, Bergomo, and verona, with the jurisdiction of Cremana. Their wares are Silks, Corn, Wine, and Glass.

Switserland is devided in four parts, viz. Zurichgow, Wip­flis, Burgergow, Argergow, and Turgergow: The Country consisteth in three parts; the first containeth 13 Villages, Called Cantons, the second the confederated, viz. The Abot with the City S. Gall; the Third the Majoralities, which the Swit­zers have got. The fruits are Corn, Iron, and Wine.

All the Netherlands are devided in 10 Royal Provinces; viz. Artois, an Earldom, hath 10 Cities, and 754 Villages. 2 Hai­nalt, an Earldom, 24 Towns, and 950 Villages. 3. Namure, an Earldom, 4 Towns, 184 Villages. 4▪ Luxemburg, a Dukedom, 23 Towns, and 1168 Villages. 5. Limburg, a Dukedom, 23 Towns, 123 Villages. 6. Flanders, an Earldom, 30 Towns, 1154 Villages. 7. Brabant, a Dukedom, 26 Towns, 70 [...] Villa­ges. 8. Gelderland, a Dukedom, 22 Towns, 300 Villages. 9. Mechlin, a Barony, 1 Town, 9 Villages. 10. Antwerp, a Marquisate, hath only one Town.

In the 7 Provinces under the States General, and his High­ness the Prince of Orange, are 1. Gelderland, a Dukedom, with the Earldom Zutphen, have Towns and Villages as above.

2. The Earldom of Holland, hath 29. Towns, and 400 Villages.

3. The Earldom of Sealand, hath 9. Towns, and 105 Villages.

4. The Barony of Utrecht, hath 5. Towns, and 70 Villages.

5. The Barony of Friesland, hath 11. Towns, and 409 Villages.

6. The Barony of Over-yssel, hath 11. Towns, and 101 Villages.

7. The Barony of Groning, hath 1. Town, and 145 Villages.

These Netherlands being the common Storehouse, receive all the said Commodities out of the above mentioned Realms, and deliver the same again to everyone by there renowned Naviga­tion over the seas. Otherwise these countries give many sorts of corn out of there Bosom, Butter, Cheese, Flax Hemp, and more other wares.

As for Hungaria, Walachia, Moldavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Dalmatia, Greece, we pass by for brevity.

ASIA Comprehendeth these following Realms: viz. Tar­taria, Natolia, Syria, Armenia, Arabia, Media, Assyria, [Page] Persia, Parthia, Sigistan, Corasan, Chirman, India Gusaratte, China, Bengala, Malacco, &c. Besides these there are yet in­numerable Islands, of which the chifest are Japon, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Gilolo, Mindanao, Luconia, Ceilon, and Formosa.

The Commodities which are transported out of Asia in other Countries, are Pepper, Cloves, Nutmegs. Mace, Balm-oil, Fran­kincense, Rhobarb, Musk, Amber-grease, Bezar-stone, Silk, Porcelain, Pearls, Diamants, Rubies, Ciment or Plaister, Sealing wax, and Rice.

These following Island produce ivery one by them self, as fol­loweth; Java much Pepper; Banda Nutmegs and Mace, the nixt to them, viz. Motir, Machian, Bachian, Tidor, Amboina, Nutmegs; there are also Paradise-birds.

AFRICA is now adayes distinguished in four parts; viz. in Barbary, Numidia, Lybia, and Aethiopia.

Under Barbary are these Realms; viz. Marocco, Fez. Tele­zin, and Tunis.

Uunder Numidia are comprehended, Gualata, Zanhaga, Zuenziga, Terga, Berdoä, Goöga, and Borno.

Under Lybia are Genehoa, Caniva, Tombuta, Agades, Ghur, Cono, Cassena, Guangara, and Nubia.

Under Aethiopia are these Kingdoms, Milli, Maloguta, Man­dinga, Caragotes, Bengama, Dauma, Zegzeg, Benin Zanfara, Biafara, Medra, Tigrai, Ambian, Cantiva, Vangue, Danute, Gojame, Congo, Agiscumba, Malemba, Matama, Bagame, Coveo, Butua, Maitachasi, Canur, Mosambique, Gasabela, Quiloa, Quara, Melind, Olabi, Magadoxa, Doara, Dangari, Lacca, Barnagasso, Dafilla, Ganfila, Cossin, Bello, Guengari, Tigremahon, Angota, Beluguanze, Xoa, Cafates, and Fungi. Cape de Bona Esperanza is the most southern point of Africa.

Out of all these Realms Comes forth Gold, Silver, Elephants-teeth, Wheat, Plaister, Salt, Crocodiles.

AMERICA, the fourth and last part of the World, first known by Christoffel Columbes since the year 1492. is devided of the West-Indies in North-and South-America.

The Realms or Countries in the Northern-America are, New-north-wales New-south-wales, New-Britain, Terra Laborador, Terra Corteralis, Terraneuf, Canada, New-France, New-Netherland, Verginia, Florida, Calicuas, Capaschi, Cossa, Tagil, Marata, California, Astatlan, Mechi, Culiacona, New-Galitea, Panuco, Tutepeque, Tabasco, Yucatan, Honduras and veragua; item the Islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, and Jamaica, besides the other little Islands there about.

The realms and Countries in the Southern-America are, S. Martha, New-Andalusia, Guajana, Caribana, Arowacas, Epuremei, Brasilia, Xarayes, Moxos, Tucuman, China, Chili, Chicas, Valey de Xuxui, Peru, and the country of Patagones.

The wares of America are, Gold, Silver, Gems, Bezoar­stone, Sugar, Brasily-wood, Salsa-parilla, Cement or Plaister, Bevers-skins Plums of fethers, Apes, divers Gums, Indian Balm, &c.

In these said four parts of the Earth are also many sorts of Birds, Beastes, Trees, and Plants: and under the earth diverse Metals, Gems, Salt, Brimstone, Salpeter, Funtain-waters, as also diverse Fires, through the Mountains vomited out by nature.

Now we are to treat of the Seas, there names lengthes and bredthes and what in their bowels and Grounds is to be got.

The German-or North-sea, laying next to us, containeth in length from Dovers and Cales (laying in the heads) to Hitland, 200, and its bredth 120 German miles.

The Baltick-or east-sea, is long 300, and broad 135. German miles.

The Ice-sea, from Hitland to Greenland, is long 150. and broad 1200. German miles.

The white sea between Labland and Moscovy, is long 150. and Broad 30. German miles.

The Atlantick-sea, or Great north-sea Containeth in its length from Island to the un known Southland 1800. and in bredth 150. German miles.

The Mediterranean or Midland sea is in length 745. and in bredth 150 German miles.

The Adriatick or Gulf of venice is long 120. and broad 35. Germam miles.

The Euxin or black sea by Constantinopol hath in length 210. and in bredth 120 German miles.

The Persian sea is long 225. and broad 105. German miles.

The Indian sea from the cape of good Hope, to the Islands de las veles, is long 1875. and broad from the city Ormus in Persia to the unknown Southland 1200. German miles.

The red sea is long 30. and broad 45. German miles.

The Persian Inham about Ormus is in length 240. and in bredth 90. German miles.

Mare del zur, or the Peaceable sea, (greatest of all) is long from the Islands de las veles to the city Arica in Peru 2100. and broad from the cape Hondo in the northern America to the Southlands 1500. German miles.

The Tartarian sea hath in its length 750. and in its bredth 45 German miles.

The fruits of the seas are also many sorts, as one may see by the grounds of the same, viz. Red, White, and black; Coral, Pearls, Oisters, Mossels, Sea-scum, Little horns, Shels. In the sea they find all kind of fishes, and in many parts like to the creatures, of the land.

Some folks were used to call for a fifth part of the World, Terra Australis, or Magellanica, the countries Southward of the Strait Magellanes; but being the navigation of the Hollan­ders is known but few years in those Countries, whereas they have fond most Islands, and no Continent that deserveth such a name, so think it suficient only to hint at it, unless they would reckon for Terra Australis, the countries at the south of Nova Guinea, most found in the year 1644. and are called in our Dutch Maps Hollandia, and Zelandia-Nova.

The Royal and Princely chief cities in the countries and King­doms, where the soverains of the World have their seats, are these:

The chief city in Italy is Rome, there the Pope hath his see.

Vienna or wien in Austria, above Germany, is the Keeper of the Imperial Crown and Scepter.

The city Madrid in Spain, viz. in the old Kingdom of Castilia, hath within its wals the Palace of the King of Spain. Because the Kingdom of Portugal hath formerly revolted, and chosen a King for it self, and the court Keeping of it is within the citty Lissebon in Portugal, on the river Tagus.

The great city of Paris, in l'isle de France in the Kingdom of France, hath the Palace de Louvre for a dweling of the King.

London in England, laying in the Earldom of Middlesex, hath also the Kings Palace for his Court-keeping in Westminster.

Edenburg in Scotland hath been also formerly the seat of the Scotish Kings.

Dublin in Ireland hath the seat of the viceroy of that Kingdom.

Coppenhagen, a City in Denmark, laying on the Island Ze­land, embraceth also the Royal Palace.

Stockholm in Swethland is exalted, by the Palace (of the same Kingdom) being covered with Copper, laying in Upland.

Warsaw, a city in Poland, laying in the Dukedom Warsaw, is also exalted by the court-keeping of the King.

The city Mosco hath the mighty Palace and Courtkeeping of the Great-Lords or caars of Moscovy, in the great Dukedom of Moscovy.

For to behold right in a Map of the World the Earth and the seas, we are to observe, that the Middleline going right East and West, is called the Aequinoctial Line, the crooked Circle going through the middle of it, the Zodiack, or the way of the Bon, the other circles going all East and west are called Parallel or even going circles, but the Circles going towards the north and the south, Meridian-circles: by these they measure the bredth of the Countries, and seas, as well at the north, as at the south of the Equinox, and by those of the said Parallel-Circles the length of the countries and seas, all which is to be seen in the Map of the world.

The Earth in its four parts reckoned together cometh to 10350 German miles; and the seas all together comprehendeth in 14 seas, come to 15695. German miles.

All this we have Jugded useful to shew here to the good Rea­der, hoping to give him here by yet some satisfaction, which we entreat that our zeal to serve him, may be acceptablely ta­ken. Farewell.

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