See Poplar.

The Root has many thick Fibres, bound together; eſpecially if it grows in good Ground. It taſtes at firſt ſweet, but leaves an Acrimony and Bitterneſs on the Palate. It has a tender Stalk, about an Hand high, which ſuſtains one Leaf, that is Oyly, and without Nerves; ſometimes narrow and ſomewhat long, ſometimes broad ſomewhat round and erect; of a ſweetiſh and clammy taſte. A two-fork'd Tongue riſes from the Leaf where 'tis joyn'd to the Stalk, which grows ſharp by degrees, and is a little indented. 'Tis common in Meadows, and moiſt Paſtures. It ſprings in April, and fades in July.

'Tis an excellent Wound-Herb, either taken inwardly, or outwardly applied. For Ruptures, or Burſten Bellies, Take as much of the Powder of the dry'd Leaves as will lye on a Six-pence, or leſs, according to the Age of the Party, in two Ounces of Horſe-tail, or Oak-bud-water, ſweetned with Syrup of Quinces. Uſe it every Morning for the ſpace of fifteen Days. But before you enter upon the Uſe of this, or any other Medicine, the Gut, if it fall into the Cod, muſt be reduc'd by a Chirurgeon, and a Truſs muſt be worn to keep it up, and the Party muſt avoid all violent Motions, and lie as much as may be in Bed, or on a Couch. Fabritius Hildanus ſays, That ſome have been cured of great Ruptures by lying in Bed, when they could be cured no other way.

The Oyl of it, made in the following manner, is full as good for Wounds and Ulcers as that of St. John's-wort: Take one handful of the Leaves, pound them in a Stone-Mortar, and boil them in a Pint of Oyl of Olives 'till they are dry; ſtrain it, and keep it for uſe.

Moſt commonly it has but one Stalk, two or three Foot high, and ſometimes much higher. 'Tis round, hairy, full of Pith, ſurrounded with Leaves plac'd at a diſtance alternately, above an Hand in length. The Leaves conſiſt, for the moſt part, of four little Leaves, wing'd on both ſides, and much indented all about; they have Veins, and are hairy, but the Down is not very conſpicuous; they taſte a little acrid, and are ſomewhat ſtyptick. The Flowers ſmell ſweet; they grow alternately to the Shaft, in a long Series; and upon the Top-branches, like an Ear of Corn. They are of a Saffron-colour, and are compos'd of five Leaves; at the Baſis of every Leaf there are two Ears that embrace the Stalk. The Root is blackiſh, thick, and of an aſtringent Taſte.

It cleanſes and ſtrengthens the Blood, and opens Obſtructions of the Liver; wherefore 'tis good in Dropſies, for an ill Habit of Body, and the Jaundice. Let thoſe that are afflicted with theſe Diſeaſes uſe for their ordinary Drink, Ale or Beer wherein the Leaves of Agrimony have been infus'd. For inſtance; Put eight handfuls of the Leaves into a Veſſel containing four Gallons, drink of it when it is clear. 'Tis uſed outwardly in Baths and Lotions.

The Powder of the dried Leaves is much commended by Riverius to prevent involuntary Urine. Take of the Powder half a Dram, of Conſerve of Roſes a ſufficient quantity; make a Bolus to be taken at Bed-time, for the ſpace of three Weeks.

'Tis large, and ſpreads much if it like the place it grows in: The Bark is brown, and the Wood redder than Elm or Yew; the Branches are very eaſily broken; the Bark of the Branches is of a browniſh Colour and ſpotted, and yellowiſh within, and taſtes bitter and unpleaſant: The Wood is white, and full of Pith: The Leaves are broad, round, and nervous, and ſomewhat like the Leaves of the Haſel-tree; they are indented, green, ſhining, and clammy. It bears ſhort, brown Aglets, like the Beech or Birch-tree. It grows near Water.

The green Leaves of this Tree applied to Tumours, diſcuſſes them, and takes off Inflammations. Being put into Travellers Shooes, they eaſe Pain, and remove Wearineſs. A black Colour, like Ink, is made with the Bark of Alder, rubb'd off with a ruſty Iron, and infus'd in Water for ſome Days. Some uſe it to dye.

'Tis a ſmall Tree, which ſends forth many ſtreight Twigs from the Roots, about three Yards high, of the thickneſs of the Thumb, divided into tender Branches. The outward Bark is brown, but ſprinkled with Sky-colour'd Spots; which being taken off, another appears of a Saffron-colour. The Subſtance of the Wood is clear, and eaſily broken; nigh the middle 'tis browniſh, and has a great deal of Pith. The Leaves are ſomewhat round, and end in an obtuſe Point, and are of a ſhining dark-green Colour. The Flowers are ſmall and paliſh. The Berries are firſt green, then red, and at laſt black, and of an unpleaſant Taſte. 'Tis often found in moiſt, woody Places.

The yellow and middle Bark, beaten with Vinegar, cures the Itch in a few Days.

The inward Bark, eſpecially of the Root, purges Watery Humours; for which Reaſon 'tis good in a Dropſie: But it ought to be dried in the Shade, becauſe when it is green it occaſions Vomiting: And the Decoction of it ought to ſtand two or three Days before 'tis uſed.

It has a thick Root that is white within; it ſmells ſweet, and taſtes acrid, and ſomewhat bitter. The Stalk is above a Yard high, full, branchy, channell'd, and ſomewhat red. The Leaves are larger than the Leaves of Marſh-Smallage, and the Pieces rounder: They are of a deep Green; they taſte ſweetiſh, and like Garden-Smallage. It has Tufts or Umbels of white Flowers. The Seed is thick, black, and channell'd.

'Tis frequently uſed in Broths in the Spring-time, to cleanſe the Blood, and ſtrengthen the Stomach. The Root pickled is a good Sauce. Half a Dram of the Seeds powder'd, and taken in White-wine, provokes Urine.

The Herb it ſelf, but eſpecially the Root and Seed, are hot and dry. It opens and attenuates, and is Sudorifick and Vulnerary. It moves the Courſes, haſtens Delivery, is good for Mother-fits, and in malignant Diſeaſes, and for the Plague; and it expels Poiſon. The Root of it is allow'd by all Phyſicians to be very cordial and Alexipharmick.

For Preſervation againſt the Plague, the Root, infus'd in Vinegar, is to be held frequently to the Noſe, or chew'd in the Mouth: For the Cure, Take one Dram of the Powder of the Root alone, or half a Dram mix'd with a Dram of Venice-Treacle, every ſixth Hour, to provoke Sweat.

The Root or the Stalks candied, are reckon'd very good, being eaten in a Morning, to prevent Infection. They are alſo uſeful in cold Diſeaſes of the Lungs, and take off a ſtinking Breath.

The Engliſh Apples being accounted the beſt in Europe, I will mention particularly thoſe that are moſt eſteem'd amongſt us.

It has many fibrous Roots, it creeps awry in the Earth like Mint; the Stalks are a Foot or two Foot high, four-ſquare, and pretty large; but they are ſmaller near the Earth, and weak, ſo that they can ſcarce ſtand alone: They are empty, pretty hairy and branchy, and have a few Joints, and near the Earth ſeem of a Purple Colour when the Sun ſhines on them. The Leaves are plac'd by Pairs, oppoſite to one another, like Nettles; thoſe on the Bottom-ſtalks are plac'd on long Foot-ſtalks, thoſe on the Top-ſtalks on ſhort Foot-ſtalks, and have a ſhort ſoft Down. The Flowers encompaſs the Stalks at the Joints; they are white, large, and hooded, without rather pale than white. It flowers at the Latter End of April, or the Beginning of May.

One handful of the Herb, beaten up with Hog's Lard, and applied to King's-Evil-Swellings in the Neck or Throat, diſcuſſes them. A Conſerve of the Flowers is much commended in the Whites: But the Cure of them by the following Method is much ſafer and ſurer.

Bleed once, and purge thrice with two Scruples of Pill Coch. Major. Then take of Venice-Treacle one Ounce and an half, of the Conſerve of the yellow Pill of Oranges one Ounce, of Diaſcordium half an Ounce, of Candied Ginger and Nutmegs, each three Drams; of the Compound Powder of Crabs-eyes one Dram and an half; of the outward Bark of the Pomegranate, of the Root of Spaniſh Angelica, of Red Coral prepar'd, of the Trochiſc, de Terra Lemnia, each one Dram; of Bole-Armenick two Scruples, of Gum-Arabick half a Dram, with a ſufficient quantity of Syrup of dried Roſes: Make an Electuary. Take the quantity of a large Nutmeg in the Morning, at Five in the Afternoon, and at Bed-time; drinking upon it ſix Spoonfuls of the following Infuſion.

Take of the Roots Elecampane, Maſter-Wort, Angelica and Gentian, each half an Ounce; of the Leaves of Roman-Wormwood, of White Arch-Angel, and the leſſer Centory, and Calamint, each one handful; of Juniper-berries one Ounce: Cut them ſmall, and infuſe them in five Pints of Canary: Let them ſtand in Infuſion, and ſtrain it only as you uſe it.

'Tis eaſily known by its ſtinking Smell, which is exactly like Old Ling. It grows in Places where there is Rubbiſh, but it is not common. A Conſerve of the Leaves, or Syrup made of the Juice, is good for Mother-fits, and Women's Obſtructions, the quantity of a Nutmeg of the Conſerve being taken Morning and Evening, or two Spoonfuls of the Syrup at the ſame Times. But the following Plaſter muſt be applied to the Woman's Navel.

Take of Galbanum, diſſolv'd in Tincture of Caſtor, and ſtrain'd, three Drams; of Tacamahaca two Drams: Mingle them, and make a Plaſter, and ſpread it on Leather, having an Hole cut in the middle.

The Woman muſt be alſo purg'd three or four times with the Pill Coch. Major, viz. Take of the Pill Coch. Major two Scruples, of Caſtor powder'd two Grains, of the Peruvian Balſam four Drops: Make four Pills, to be taken at Five in the Morning, and let her ſleep after them.

After purging as above directed, let the Woman take of the Conſerve or Syrup, as before mentioned, thirty Days, drinking preſently after a Draught of Wormwood-Beer or Wine. Or, if ſhe do not like the Conſerve or Syrup, let her take the following Pills for the ſpace of a Month. Take of the Filings of Steel eight Grains, of Extract of Wormwood a ſufficient quantity: Make two Pills; let her take them in the Morning, and repeat them in the Evening; and ſo Morning and Evening, drinking a ſmall Draught of Wormwood-Beer preſently after.

It has a ſingle, ſmall, woody, white Root, with many Fibres. It has many Stalks, a Foot or two Foot high, ſolid, round and ſmooth, branchy and jointed: When the Sun ſhines on them they are of a reddiſh Colour, otherwiſe of a yellow Green. The Leaves embrace the Stalks at the Joints, and are plac'd on ſhort Foot-ſtalks: They are of a pale Green, not ſpotted, ſmooth: They are like Peach-leaves. The Flowers grow upon the upper Stalks and Branches, in ſpiky Heads, and are very ſmall. Some of them are uſeleſs, no Seed ſucceeding them; theſe conſiſt of four Leaves. Others are always ſhut, and contain a pretty large, three-ſquare, ſhining Seed that is black when 'tis ripe; and theſe are red without. This Plant has an acrid and biting Taſte: It grows in watry Places, and Ditches.

'Tis plainly hot and dry: 'Tis chiefly uſed outwardly in Wounds, hard Swellings, and old Sores.

The Water of Arſmart is of great uſe in the Stone of the Kidnies or Bladder, a Draught of it being taken every Morning for two or three Months together. A Country-Gentleman us'd a Load of this Herb in a Year to make the Water, wherewith he cured many of the Stone. The Root or Seed put into an aching hollow Tooth, takes off the Pain. There is ſcarce any thing more effectual to drive away Flies: For, whatever Wounds or Ulcers Cattel have, if they are anointed with the Juice of Arſmart, the Flies will not come near, tho it is the Heat of Summer.

The Germans and French eat the tender Stalks boyl'd, with Vinegar and Butter: And the Italians ſeldom boyl the Heads, but eat them raw, with Salt, Oyl and Pepper. They are ſaid to provoke Venery, to reſtore Nature, and ſtrengthen the Stomach. A Decoction of the Buds provokes Urine.

It has many Heads ſhooting from the Roots, whereon are many ſmooth Leaves, every one upon a Foot-ſtalk by it ſelf: They are rounder and bigger than the Leaves of Violets, and thicker; and of a darker green ſhining Colour on the upper ſide, and of a paler Green underneath. Among the Leaves near the Earth are ſix-angled purpliſh Husks, that are hairy, and plac'd on ſhort Foot-ſtalks; theſe contain the Seeds, that are like the Stones of Grapes. They have within a white Marrow, that taſtes ſomewhat acrid.

It purges violently, upwards and downwards, Flegm and Choler. 'Tis Diuretick alſo, and forces the Courſes: Wherefore Wenches uſe the Decoction of it too frequently, when they think they are with Child. 'Tis good in the Dropſie and Jaundice.

Take of the Leaves of Aſarabacca ſix, ſeven, eight, or nine; bruiſe them, and pour upon them three Ounces of White-wine; ſtrain it. Take it in the Morning, or at Four in the Afternoon: Drink large Draughts of Poſſet-drink after every time it vomits. Or,

Take of the Powder of the Root one Dram, or four Scruples; Oxymel of Squils one Ounce and an half; mingle them, and take it in a draught of Poſſet-drink. Uſe Poſſet-drink in the Working of it, as above-directed.

The Seed of the Aſh powder'd, and taken in Wine, forces Urine. The Juice of three or four Leaves taken every Morning, makes thoſe lean that are fat. The Bark and the Wood dry and attenuate, and are ſuppoſed to ſoften the hardneſs of the Spleen by a Specifick Quality. The Juice of the Leaves and tender Twigs, taken in the Morning daily, in a ſmall quantity, is ſaid to do good in Dropſies. One Dram of the Seeds powder'd, and taken in Wine, is alſo beneficial in the Dropſie. The Salt of it provokes Sweat and Urine.

The Root grows oblique, ſending down ſometimes thick Fibres into the Earth. 'Tis of an Aromatick taſte and Smell, like July-flowers. Several Stalks riſe from the ſame Root, two Foot high, or higher, round, hairy, ſmall, and full of Pith, garniſh'd with Leaves plac'd alternately; they are branchy at the top. The Leaves that come from the Root are hairy and winged, ſmall Wings being here and there joyned to the Middle-rib. The Extremity of the Leaf is cut in deep. The Leaves that are on the Stalks conſiſt of two Wings that are pretty large, which adhere to the Stalk at the Baſis of the Foot-ſtalk, as if they were Ears; and they have three Jags at the End, almoſt like a Bramble. The Flower does not come from the Boſom of the Leaf, but grows oppoſite to it, and has long Foot-ſtalks, and five yellow Leaves, like Tormentil. The Cup is compoſed of ten Leaves; five large, five ſmall. Many yellow Threads ſtand round the Head, which grows into a roundiſh Bur, compos'd of a great many Seeds, placed thick together; each of them has a Tail that turns back at the End, whereby they ſtick to Clothes. It grows in Hedges and Buſhes, and flowers in May or June.

'Tis ſomewhat aſtringent; it ſtrengthens, and diſcuſſes; 'tis Cephalick and Cordial, and reſiſts Poiſons. 'Tis chiefly uſed inwardly to cure Catarrhs, and for quickening the Blood when it is coagulated. Wine wherein the Root has been infus'd has a fine pleaſant Taſte and Smell: It chears the Heart, and opens Obſtructions. The Root infus'd in Beer is excellent for ſtrengthening the Joints and Bowels. Two Ounces of the Root, or an Handful of the Herb, boyl'd in a Quart of Water or Poſſet-drink, to the Conſumption of a fourth Part, has been us'd ſucceſsfully in curing Agues, eſpecially Tertians, being taken two Hours before the Fit, or in the Fit.

The Berries cool, and are aſtringent; they provoke Appetite, and ſtrengthen the Stomach; and therefore the Conſerve of them is frequently uſed in Fevers, a Looſneſs, and the Bloody Flux. The inward Bark of the Branches and Root, infus'd in Whitewine, is an excellent Remedy for the Jaundice. The Juice of the Berries, a Decoction of the Bark, or the Juice of the Leaves, mix'd with Vinegar, cure the Pain of the Teeth occaſioned by Fluxion. The Conſerve of it frequently taken, cures Inflammations of the Mouth and Throat; or the Mouth being gargled with ſome of the Conſerve, diſſolv'd in Water and Vinegar.

The French-Barley is much uſed in Fevers, and for Diſeaſes of the Breaſt, and for Heat of Urine. A Pultis of Barley-meal and Butter is very Anodine, and eaſes painful Tumours.

'Tis about nine Inches high, and has many four-ſquare Branches that are ſomewhat red, and a little hairy, The Leaves are like Pellitory-Leaves, they are ſmooth; ſome are indented, ſome not: They have a fragrant Smell, but do not taſte very well. The Flowers are white, or of a purpliſh Colour; they ſmell ſweet, and are plac'd on long Spikes, in Whirls. The Seed is ſmall, and black. The Root is woody, black and fibrous. It grows only in Gardens.

It comforts the Heart, and expels Melancholy: It cleanſes the Lungs, and moves the Courſes. 'Tis an Ingredient of three Compound-Waters in the London-Diſpenſatory, viz. Gilberts-water, Briony-water, and the Celeſtial-water.

It has but one thin Root, with but a few Fibres. The Stalks are one Hand high, hairy, red, four-ſquare, branchy, tho' near the Earth they ſeem round. There are two Leaves at each Joint, and their Foot-ſtalks are contrary one to another; they are like wild Thyme, but larger; they are indented about the Edges, are green above, underneath whitiſh: Their Nerves are conſpicuous, they are plac'd upon ſhort Foot-ſtalks. The Flowers are diſpos'd like a Whirl at the top of the Stalks and Branches, and ſhew themſelves of a purple Colour. The Cup is oblong, channell'd, big-bellied, but narrow at the Neck. It grows of its own accord upon chalky Hills, and on dry and gravelly Ground. It flowers in June.

The Virtue of it is not certainly known; and, indeed, one would judge by the Smell and Taſte, that it had no great Virtue, tho' Schwenckfeld ſays that 'tis hot and dry, and that it forces the Courſes, and the Birth, and removes Melancholy.

'Tis reckon'd among the Cordial-Herbs. It removes Melancholy, and cheers the Heart. 'Tis much commended for Fainting and Beating of the Heart, and for the Palſie and Falling-ſickneſs, and for other cold Diſeaſes of the Brain. Put the green Leaves into Canary-wine, and drink a Glaſs or two at Meals, it provokes the Courſes, and Child-bed-Purgations; and is good for Mother-fits, and cures a Stinking Breath. For Madneſs, Take one Handful of the Leaves, cut them ſmall, and infuſe them in four Ounces of Brandy; add of prepar'd Pearl half a Dram; the Doſe is two Spoonfuls Morning and Evening. This was counted a great Secret at Montpelier. For Melancholy, Take of the Conſerve of Balm one Ounce, of the Conſerve of Bugloſs and Borage-flowers, each half an Ounce; of Confection of Alkermes one Dram; make an Electuary with the Syrup of the five opening Roots: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening for the ſpace of a Month, being firſt purg'd once or twice. A Maid was cur'd of deep Melancholy, and the Green-ſickneſs, by the uſe of this Medicine. 'Tis us'd in Baths to comfort the Joints and Sinews; and for Diſeaſes of the Womb. It flowers in June, July and Auguſt.

A Decoction of the Bark, Berries and Leaves makes a good Bath for the Diſeaſes of the Womb and Bladder. The Berries are very effectual againſt all Poiſon of venomous Creatures, and the ſtinging of Waſps and Bees, and alſo in the Plague, and infectious Diſeaſes; and therefore are an Ingredient in the London-Treacle. They procure the Courſes; and 'tis ſaid that ſeven of the Berries taken inwardly, will haſten Delivery, and expel the After-Birth. Being made into an Electuary with Hony, they cure old Coughs, and Shortneſs of Breath, and ſtop Rheums; they expel Wind, and provoke Urine, and comfort the Stomach. The Oyl which is made of the Berries is very uſeful in cold Diſeaſes of the Joints and Nerves. The Electuary of it is frequently uſed in Clyſters, to expel Wind, and to eaſe the Pain of the Cholick. So do the Berries themſelves.

They are the chief Diet all the Summer-time in ſome Places, and are certainly very nouriſhing. A poor Country-man, when Corn was dear, dieted his Children only with Beans dried; and they were better colour'd, and fatter, than other Children.

The Diſtill'd Water of the Flowers provokes Urine; and is much uſed for beautifying the Face, and taking Spots from thence. For the Gravel, make a Lee of the Aſhes, ſtrain it, and ſweeten it with Sugar: Take ſix Ounces, with twenty Drops of Tincture of Cinnamon in it. One that voided Blood by Stool three or four Months, was cured by eating Red Beans boyl'd in Milk, Morning and Evening, when other Medicines would do no good. They provoke Venery; but they are windy, and occaſion troubleſom Dreams.

It grows only in Gardens. The Powder of the Leaves kills Worms in Children: But it is a churliſh Medicine.

The Leaves of the Beech-tree bruis'd, and applied to hot Swellings, diſcuſſes them. The Water contained in old and hollow Oaks and Beech-trees, cures the Itch in Men, and Cattel when they are mangy.

It has a woody Root, of the thickneſs of the Little Finger, pretty long, and white. The Leaves are of a light green Colour, thick, and ſucculent; of a nitrous Taſte. The Stalk is four Foot high, or higher, ſmall, and channell'd; and has many Wings, wherein are the little Flowers, in a long Series, conſiſting of yellow Tufts. The Seed is round, rough and brown.

'Tis like the White-Beet, but the Leaves are ſmaller and greener. They are plain and equal; and have ſometimes red Veins, and ſometimes not. The Stalk is alſo leſs. 'Tis common in ſalt Marſhes, and on the Sea-ſhore.

Beet is hot and dry, and looſens the Belly by reaſon of its Nitroſity. 'Tis an Errhine, eſpecially the Root; for the Juice of it, received into the Noſtrils, occaſions Neezing. The young Plants, with their Roots, gently boyled, and eaten with Vinegar, procure an Appetite, extinguiſh Thirſt, and ſuppreſs Choler in the Stomach. Beet, amongſt the Ancients, was much taken notice of for its inſipid Taſte, Martial reproaches it in the following Diſtick.

The Juice of this Herb, drawn up into the Noſtrils, powerfully evacuates Phlegmatick Humours from the Brain, and cures inveterate Head-aches. This is counted a great Secret by ſome.

This ſmall Buſh has many green, angled Sprigs, a Foot, or two Foot high, which are hard to break. They are divided into many Branches, whereon there are many tender, green Leaves; about an Inch long, and half an Inch broad. They are ſharp-pointed, ſmooth, and curiouſly indented about the Edges, They taſte partly acid, and partly harſh. The Flowers are placed, each on a Foot-ſtalk, among the Leaves: They are of a pale-red Colour, with a Saffron-colour'd Thread in the middle; and, in form, are like a Water-Pitcher. To each Flower ſucceeds one Berry, like to a Juniper-berry; which is rather of a Violet-colour when it is ripe, than black. At firſt taſting of the Berries they ſeem pleaſantly acid, but they leave ſomewhat that is nauſeous upon the Palate. It flowers in May: The Fruit is ripe in Auguſt, and ſometimes in July.

The Berries are cooling, and aſtringent. They are very agreeable to an hot Stomach, and quench Thirſt. They cure a Looſeneſs, and the Bloody-Flux, occaſioned by Choler: And are good in the Diſeaſe called Cholera morbus. They ſtop Vomiting, and take off Feveriſh Heats. A Syrup made of the Juice of the Berries, is moſt agreeable: viz. Take of the Juice ſtrain'd, one Pint; Fine Sugar, one Pound and an half: Boyl it to a Syrup with a gentle Fire. Take one Spoonful at a time, or mix it with three Ounces of ſome proper Water.

The Branches of this Tree are ſmall and flexible, and moſt of them hang downwards. The Bark is very various; when the Tree is young 'tis yellow, or brown; afterwards it grows lighter. It bears long Buds, like Long-Pepper. It grows frequently in cold and watery Places, and on moiſt Heaths. The ſlender Twigs of it were formerly uſed for the Magiſtrates Verge: Now they ſerve to diſcipline Boys, and to tame wild Horſes, and to make Brooms, and to catch Birds with Bird-Lime, and Bands for Fagots. Fiſhermen in Northumberland fiſh a-nights by the Light of this Bark: They put it into a cleft Stick, which ſerves for a Candle-ſtick▪ and ſo they ſee how to uſe their Three-teeth'd Spear for killing Fiſh. In Alſatia the beſt Hoops are made of Birch.

The Leaves are hot and dry, cleanſing, reſolving, opening, and bitter: For which Reaſon they are of no ſmall uſe in a Dropſie, and the Itch, and the like. The Bark is Bituminous, and is therefore mix'd with Perfumes that are to correct the Air. The Fungus of it has an aſtringent Quality; upon which Account it ſtops Blood miraculouſly.

This Tree, in the Beginning of Spring, before the Leaves come forth, being pierced, yields plentifully a ſweet and potulent Juice, which Shepherds, when they are thirſty, often drink in the Woods. Tragus, Helmont, Charleton, and others, commend the Virtue and Efficacy of this Liquor, and not undeſervedly for the Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder, for Bloody Urine and the Strangury. This Tree begins to yield its Juice about the Middle of February, and ſometimes not till the Beginning of March. Tragus alſo commends it for the Jaundice. Some waſh their Faces with it, to take off Spots, and to beautifie. Dr. Needham cured Scorbutick Conſumptions with it: He uſed to mix with it good Wine and Honey. Rennet infuſed in the Juice, preſerves the Cheeſe from Worms, ſays Tragus. The Juice of Birch cures Warts, and Pimples in the Face, if it be waſhed with it in the Day time, Morning and Evening, and permitted to dry on.

The Stalks are ſometimes more than two Foot high, ſmall, ſmooth, and jointed at the Top; whereon are Ears of Flowers of a Fleſh-colour; and being unfolded, they conſiſt of five ſmall Leaves, with Tufts of the ſame Colour in the middle. The Seed is brown, or almoſt black, and triangular. The Leaves are ſmaller than thoſe of ſharp-pointed Dock; above of a dark-green Colour, below gray. The Root repreſents a crooked Finger, is red, and very aſtringent. 'Tis common in the Meadows and Paſtures about Sheffeild in Yorkſhire, and in ſeveral other Places of that County. It grows alſo plentifully in ſome Meadows about Tamworth and Faſely in Warwickſhire.

It cools and dries. The Root of it is very aſtringent, harſh, alexipharmick, and Sudorifick. 'Tis chiefly uſed to take off Vomiting, and to prevent Abortion, and the like. The Powder of the Root, mixed with Conſerve of Roſes, does wonderfully ſtop Spitting of Blood, and the Bloody Flux, and other Fluxes. It ſtops the Courſes when they are immoderate. The Powder ſprinkled upon Wounds, ſtops the Blood.

Take of the Roots of Biſtort and Tormentil, each one Ounce; of the Leaves of Meadow-ſweet, Burnet, Wood-Sorrel, each one handful; of Burnt Harts-horn two Drams; of Shavings of Harts-horn and Ivory, each two Drams: Boyl them in three Pints of Fountain-water, to two; add towards the End three Ounces of Red Roſes; ſtrain them. The Doſe is ſix Spoonfuls often in a Day.

It has a red and ſingle Root, with ſome ſmall Fibres. It roots deep in the Earth if the Place be agreeable to it; otherwiſe it is fibrous. The Stalk is nine Inches high, channell'd, ſmooth, ſolid; ſending forth many Branches, near the Earth longer than the very Stalks. The Leaves are plac'd ſometimes oppoſite to one another, but oftner alternately. Their Foot-ſtalks are an Inch long, ſmooth, and not ſo frequent as in other Blites. The Leaves reſemble the Leaves of Wild-Marjoram, but they are ſomewhat bigger; from the Wings whereof, and from the Extremities of the Branches, come forth ſmall purple Flowers, in Cluſters. The Seed is ſmall, and black. It grows plentifully upon Dung-hills, in Hop-grounds, and upon fat Earth.

It mollifies, cools, and taſtes inſipid.

'Tis very cordial; and the Flower is one of the four Cordial-Flowers. The diſtill'd Water, and the Conſerve of the Flowers, comfort the Heart, relieve the Faint, chear the Melancholy, and purifie the Blood. This Herb is ſuppos'd to be Homer's Nepenthe; by the Juice whereof, mix'd with Wine, he was wont to expel Sorrow. The Water of it is good for Inflammations of the Eyes, and for all Fevers; as is alſo the Conſerve of the Flowers. The Conſerve of the Flowers mix'd with Wine, is ſaid to open Women's Obſtructions.

To chear the Heart, Take of the Conſerve of Borrage-Flowers one Ounce, of the Confection of Alkermes two Drams; mix them: The Doſe is the quantity of a Nutmeg▪ two Hours after Meals, drinking a Glaſs of Canary preſently after it.

This Tree is always green, and full of Branches. The Bark is white and rough. The Subſtance of it is very hard and yellow, and very heavy, and without Pith. It has many Leaves; they are ſmooth, more obtuſe than the Leaves of the Myrtle, firm, and ſometimes concave; and, which is worth Obſervation, they are double: They ſmell pretty well, but taſte ill. A great many of theſe Trees grow on Box-hill, near Darking in Surrey.

'Tis ſeldom uſed in Phyſick. The Oyl drawn from the Wood, is much commended for the Falling-Sickneſs, and Pains in the Teeth. 'Tis ſaid, the Decoction of the Wood cures the French-Pox, as well as Guiacum. 'Tis chiefly uſed by Turners.

For the Pain of the Teeth, drop two or three Drops of the Oyl upon a little Lint, and ſtop the hollow Tooth with it, and it will ſoon give Eaſe.

The Ancients attributed many Virtues to almoſt every part of this Plant. The Leaves, the Buds, the Flowers, and the Fruit are aſtringent; but the Fruit, before it is ripe, is very aſtringent; wherefore it is good for Vomiting, and all Fluxes. 'Tis good for Sore Mouths; and is commended by ſome for the Scurvy, and not without Reaſon; for, in quality and figure, 'tis like the Cloud-Berry of the Alps, which is a Specifick for this Diſeaſe; and therefore we need not charge Children ſo ſtrictly not to eat them. They do, indeed, occaſion Children's Heads to be ſcabby; but it is becauſe they eat immoderately of them: And ſo any other Fruit would produce the ſame Effect. A pleaſant and generous Wine may be made of the Juice of the Berries, preſs'd out, and fermented with a little Sugar. A Syrup made of the Juice, is very good for Heat of Urine.

'Tis moſt commonly preſcrib'd in Gargariſms to cure Sore Mouths: Take of Bramble-tops, of the Leaves of Columbine, Cyprus and Sage, each one Handful; boyl them in two Quarts of Water wherein Iron has been quench'd, till one is conſum'd: Add, Allum, one Dram and an half; Hony of Roſes, one Ounce: Make a Gargariſm, wherewith waſh the Mouth often in a Day.

It grows commonly in little Brooks.

It heats and moiſtens moderately. 'Tis chiefly uſed in the Scurvy; it powerfully expels the Stone of the Kidnies and Bladder; it provokes the Courſes, and expels a dead Child. Outwardly applied, it cures Inflam'd Tumours, and St. Anthony's Fire. 'Tis much of the ſame virtue with Watercreſſes, only not ſo ſtrong.

Country-people cure Wounds with Brook-lime, mix'd with a little Salt, and a Spider's Web, and applied to the Wound, wrapp'd about with a double Cloth.

Brook-lime boyld in Water, applied to blind Piles, has preſently eas'd the Pain, when other Medicines would do no good. Fabricius ſays, he knew a large Ulcer that poſſeſs'd almoſt the whole Leg, and reached almoſt to the Bone, was cured in a Scorbutical Perſon only with Brook-lime boyl'd in Beer, and applied twice a Day. But it is moſt commonly uſed inwardly to cure the Scurvy: Take of the Juice of Brook-lime, Water-creſſes and Scurvy-graſs, each half a Pint; of the Juice of Oranges, four Ounces; fine Sugar, two Pounds; make a Syrup over a gentle Fire: Take one Spoonful in your Beer every time you drink.

'Tis common in Sandy and barren Grounds. It flowers at the Latter End of April. 'Tis Splenetick, Nepthritick, and Hepatick. It expels the Stone, and purges Watery Humours upwards and downwards, by Stool and Urine: Wherefore it is of great uſe in Obſtructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Meſentery: And in the Dropſie and Catarrhs, the Flowers, the Seeds, and Tops are in uſe.

The Leaves, the Branches, and Tops, boyl'd in Wine or Water, or the Juice of them, are good in a Dropſie, and all Obſtructions of the Kidnies and Bladder; for they partly purge watery and ſuperflous Humours by Stool, and partly by Urine: One Dram of the Seed does the ſame. The Flowers, when they are green, are commonly pickled, and make an agreeable Sauce; for they provoke Appetite, and force Urine. The Aſhes are moſt in uſe, and frequently commended in the Dropſie: Take of the Aſhes of Broom one Pound, infuſe them cold in two Quarts of Rheniſh-Wine, adding to it half an Handful of Common Wormwood: Take four Ounces of the clear Liquor in the Morning, at Four in the Afternoon, and in the Evening, every Day.

'Tis two Foot high, or more; the Stalk is ſtreight, round and hairy, pale or yellowiſh, or browniſh; whereon are Leaves that are narrow and longiſh, if they may be called Leaves, for they ſeem rather the Beginning of Leaves: They ſoon fade, and Flowers ſucceed them, which are on a Spike, like the Flowers of Orchis, but at a greater diſtance; they are of a dull yellow Colour. The Root is round and ſcaly, and taſtes very bitter. The Flowers ſmell pretty well.

The Herb candied, or the Root, is of excellent uſe in Diſeaſes of the Spleen, and for Melancholy. An Ointment made of it, with Lard, is good to diſcuſs hard and Scirrhous Tumours.

This ſmall Tree is common in the Hedges in ſome places. The outward Bark is black; there are two within, one green, the other yellow: The Wood is pale, and hard. It has many Branches, that are plac'd moſt commonly oppoſite one to another; and it has hard, ridged and long Thorns plac'd among the Leaves, the Ends of the Branches being thorny alſo. The Leaves are like the Leaves of a Crab-tree, but ſmaller; they are pointed, of a dark Green, indented, and nervous, and have an aſtringent Taſte. It has many ſmall Flowers together, of a light green Colour; each conſiſts of four Leaves. The Berries ſucceed the Flowers: Great Numbers of them are plac'd at the Roots of the Thorns, upon pretty long Foot-ſtalks: When they are ripe they are black, and full of green Juice. They have three or four triangular Grains, which have a blackiſh Bark, and a white Marrow that does not taſte ill. The Taſte of the Berries is bitter, and aſtringent; and the Juice has a certain peculiar Taſte.

The Berry of this Shrub yields three ſorts of Colours. Thoſe that are gather'd in Harveſt-time, and dried, and powder'd, and infus'd with Water and Allum, make a yellow, or rather a Saffron-colour; and is now in uſe for painting of Playing-Cards and Leather. Thoſe that are gather'd in the Autumn, when they are ripe and black, being pounded, and kept in a Glaſs-Veſſel, afford a delicate Green, which is called Sap-Green, and is much uſed by Painters. Thoſe that remain on the Trees till the Feaſt of St. Martin make a red Colour. The Berries are purging, a Dram, or a Dram and an half of them being taken at a time. Some take fifteen or twenty of the Berries at a time: But they work ſo powerfully, that they are not to be given in Subſtance to weakly People. The Syrup is moſt in uſe: Take of the Juice of ripe and freſh Berries, gather'd in September, 2 Pounds, let it clear by ſtanding; then add of Cinnamon and Nutmegs, each three Drams; infuſe it in B. M. for the ſpace of a Day; then preſs them out, and add a Pound and an half of White Sugar, and make a Syrup in B. M.

The Stalk is fourſquare, empty, and hairy; an Hand, or half a Foot high. The Leaves are indented, like the Leaves of the greater Water-Brooklime; two are plac'd by Intervals, oppoſite one to another; of a Violet-colour, or purple, or green: They taſte at firſt ſweet, afterwards bitter and aſtringent. The Flowers come out of the Wings of the Leaves, in a ſhort hairy Cup, that is divided into five parts: They are of a Sky and changeable Colour, and of a ſweetiſh Taſte. The Root is ſmall and fibrous, and taſtes more aſtringent than the Leaves. 'Tis common in Woods, and moiſt Meadows; and flowers in May.

The Virtues are much the ſame with thoſe of Self-heal. 'Tis Vulnerary, either taken inwardly, or outwardly applied. 'Tis us'd in the Jaundice, in Obſtructions of the Liver, and for Stoppage of Urine. An Ointment made of the Leaves of Bugle, Scabious and Sanicle, bruis'd, and boyl'd in Lard till they are dry, and then preſs'd out, is of excellent uſe for all ſorts of Ulcers and Bruiſes, and to heal Wounds. 'Tis one of the Ingredients for the Wound-Drink of the London-Diſpenſatory, commonly called The Traumatick Decoction.

It has many Stalks coming from the ſame Root, about three or four Foot high, round and rough, with ridgid Hairs. 'Tis branchy at the top, whereon the Leaves grow without Foot-ſtalks: They are many, narrow, oblong, of a Sky-colour'd Green, not wrinkl'd, like Burrage; they end in a ſharp Point, and are hairy on both ſides, and equal about the Edges from the Wings of the Leaves; and ſometimes at their Sides, or lower, or a little higher, the Branches riſe. The Flowers come on the top of the Stalks and Branches, from a Cup compos'd of five oblong, norrow, ſharp, hairy pieces; the Flowers are leſs than thoſe of Borrage, and conſiſt of one Leaf, of a light purple Colour; an oblong Thread grows up from the bottom of the Cup, which is encompaſs'd with four Seeds that are of a ruſſet Colour and wrinkled when they are ripe. The Root lives many Years, is black without, and white within. It flowers in June and July, and the Summer after.

It has the ſame Virtues with Borrage. The Flowers are of great uſe in Melancholy and Hypochondriack Diſeaſes, and are reckon'd among the four Cordial Flowers. A Perſon was cured of the Falling-Sickneſs by the conſtant Uſe of the Flowers in Wine for half a Year. Take of the Leaves of Bugloſs, Borrage, Balm, Fumitory, Water-creſſes, and Brook-lime, each four Handfuls; of July-flowers, Marrigolds, Borrage-flowers and Cowſlips, each three handfuls; the outward Barks of ſix Oranges, and of four Limons: All being cut and bruis'd, pour upon them four Quarts of Poſſet-drink made with Cyder; diſtill them in a cold Still, and mingle all the Water. Take three Ounces Night and Morning.

It has a ſingle, thick Root, that grows deep in the Earth; without black, within white. The Leaves are plac'd upon long Foot-ſtalks; they are very large, green above, and hairy under; they have a thick, ſhort Down; they are not exactly round, but a little longiſh, and end in a ſharp Point; they have ſhort, ſmall Prickles about the Edges, that are ſcarce viſible. The Stalk is two Foot and an half high, or higher; thick, round and hairy, and of a purpliſh Colour, and full of Pith; the Leaves are plac'd on them alternately, at ſmall diſtances; they branch out almoſt from the bottom. The Flowers are plac'd on the top of the Stalks and Branches, and come out of rough Heads, or Burrs, with crooked Prickles; they are purpliſh; the Burs are apt to ſtick to Clothes. The Seed is pretty large, oblong, and of a brown Colour.

'Tis Drying, Pulmonick, Diuretick, Diaphoretick, Cleanſing, and ſomewhat Aſtringent. 'Tis good in an Aſthma, for the Stone, and Spitting of Blood; for old Sores, and Swellings of the Spleen, and of all other Parts in Gouty Diſeaſes, wherein it is peculiarly proper. The Seed is an excellent Lithontripick, being powder'd, and taken in Small Beer or Poſſet-drink. The Leaves are applied outwardly, to old Sores, and to Burns. The Seed powder'd, and taken forty Days together, cures the Hip-Gout. 'Tis ſaid, it provokes Venery.

Take of the Seeds of Bur-dock two Drams, of Wild-Carrot-Seeds one Dram, of Salt of Amber one Dram, of Oyl of Nutmegs half a Scruple, Balſamum Capivii a ſufficient quantity; make ſmall Pills, take four Morning and Evening. This is a good Diuretick Medicine. But the Root is chiefly us'd.

Take of the Roots of Bur-dock three Ounces, of Sarſaparilla ſix Ounces, of the Wood of Guaiacum three Ounces, of the Bark of the ſame one Ounce, of the Roots of Notty China three Ounces, of Saſſaphras one Ounce and an half, of Harts-horn and Ivory, raſp'd, each one Ounce; of Red and White Sanders, and of the ſweet-ſmelling Flag, each ſix Drams; of Raiſins of the Sun, ſton'd, one Handful; of the Seeds of Aniſe and Fennel, each half an Ounce: Infuſe them in eight Quarts of Fountain-water for twenty four Hours in B. M. and cover the Veſſel cloſe; then boyl it with a gentle Fire, till a third part of the Liquor is is conſum'd; towards the latter end of Boyling, add of the Tops of Eye-bright, Betony, dried Sage, and of the Cordial-Flowers, each one Pugil; of Woody Caſſia half an Ounce; of Nutmegs, number two; ſtrain it for uſe. Take half a Pint four times a Day.

It has a long, ſlender, brown Root, with ſome Fibres. The Stalks are a Foot, or two Foot high, angl'd, branchy, and of a light red Colour. At the top of the Branches are ſmall Heads, from whence ariſe ſmall purpliſh Flowers. The Seeds are ſhort, and four-ſquare. It has many long, wing'd Leaves, that lie on the Ground, which conſiſt of ſeveral ſmall, roundiſh Leaves, green above, and grayiſh underneath, finely indented about the edges, and ſet on each ſide of a Middle-rib. It grows commonly on chalky Ground, and in hilly Paſtures.

'Tis Cordial, and Alexipharmick. The green Herb is put into Wine, to chear the Heart; and it renders it very pleaſant, by imparting an Aromatick Smell and Taſte to it. 'Tis a good Preſervative againſt the Plague, and other contagious Diſeaſes. 'Tis alſo aſtringent: Of excellent uſe in immoderate Fluxes of the Courſes and Belly, and in all Hemorrhages, and to dry and heal Wounds and Ulcers, and the Biting of a Mad Dog. The following Water was much us'd in the laſt London-Plague: Take of the Tops of Burnet, Roſemary, Wormwood, Sun-Dew, Mugwort, Dragon's Scabious, Agrimony, Balm, Carduus, Betony, the Leſſer Centory, one Handful each; of the Roots of Tormentil, Angelica, Peony, Zedoary, Liquoriſh and Elecampane, each half an Ounce; of the Leaves of Sage, Celandine and Rue, of the Leaves and Flowers of Marigolds, each one Handful; cut them, and infuſe them three Days in four Quarts of the beſt Whitewine, then diſtil them carefully, and keep the Water for uſe. The Doſe was four Spoonfuls.

Firſt it ſends forth a Stalk about nine Inches high, that is concave and downy, with narrow, ſharp Leaves on it. At the top is a long, ſpiked Head of Flowers, of a purpliſh Colour. When the Flowers fade, and the Stalks die, large Leaves ſucceed, like the Leaves of Colts-foot, but twice or thrice as large, or larger; hook'd near the Foot-ſtalk; they are almoſt round, and indented about the Edges. The Root is thick and bitter, and creeps much. It grows in moiſt places, and near the Banks of Rivers▪ the Spike and Flower flouriſh in April.

'Tis much us'd in Peſtilential Fevers. 'Tis alſo reckon'd good in Coughs, and for an Aſthma. It expels the broad Worms of the Belly, and provokes Urine and the Courſes. 'Tis outwardly applied to Bubo's, and Malignant Ulcers. 'Tis us'd alſo to provoke Sweat, and to expel Malignity: Take of the Root of Bur-dock, Virginian Snake-weed and Contrayerva, each one Dram; of Cochinell and Saffron, each half a Dram; make a Powder. The Doſe is half a Dram▪ to be taken in a proper Water.

The Root has ſome white Fibres, that are pretty large conſidering the ſmalneſs of the Plant. It does not grow deep. Six or ſeven of the Leaves lie on the Earth, and ſometimes more; of a pale yellow Green; they look greaſie, and ſhine as if they were beſmear'd; in length two Inches, and in breadth about one; they are ſomewhat blunt at the Ends, the Edges are ſmooth, the upper part of the Leaf is cover'd with a very ſhort Down, which is ſcarcely ſeen. Some Foot-ſtalks, about an Hand high, ariſe amongſt the Leaves; at the top of each is plac'd one purpliſh Flower, of one Leaf, divided into five parts. It grows in marſhy Places, and on moiſt Hills.

The Leaves bruis'd and applied, cure freſh Wounds. Country-People cure Chaps in Cows Dugs, and Chaps and Swellings on their Hands, by anointing them with the fat Juice of this Herb. The Welſh make a Syrup of it, wherewith they purge themſelves: They alſo boyl the Herb in Broth for the ſame purpoſe, for it purges Flegm very briskly: They alſo make an Ointment of it, which is of excellent uſe for Obſtruction of the Liver. The Leaves beat, and applied to Parts affected with Pain, eaſe the Pain. 'Tis reckon'd Vulnerary, and very good for Ruptures in Children.

Warts anointed with the Juice of it, are taken off in the ſpace of fourteen Days. The Leaves boil'd in Wine, and applied to Ulcers, and the Leproſie, do much good. And ſo great is the Virtue of it, that the Urine of thoſe that feed on it is very uſeful, and proper for curing the Fiſtula, Cancer, Tetters, and ſuch like Diſeaſes. At the Beginning of an Inflammation of the Jaws, (when we deſign to cool and repel) we make uſe of the Liquor of it. A Perſon ſo over-run with the Scurvy that he could ſcarce go or ſtand, and had Spots all over his Breaſt and Legs, was cured by drinking daily three Pints of Wine, wherein four handfuls of Red Cabbage had been infus'd, with half a Dram of Ginger, and two Drams of Cinnamon. For a Pain in the Side apply a Leaf of it, beſmear'd with Butter, hot, to the Part affected, having firſt ſprinkl'd Powder of Cumin-ſeed upon it. 'Tis ſaid, Cabbage prevents Drunkenneſs.

It grows every where, almoſt, on the Sea-ſhore, in England: Our People, in ſuch places, eat it; preferring it before Garden-Cabbage.

'Tis a very curious Plant, conſiſting of a ſmall, whitiſh Root. The Stalks are a Foot, or two Foot high, round, and hairy. The Leaves are plac'd alternately; they are ſomewhat red, and fat under, and taſte a little acrid and bitteriſh. The little Flowers come out of the Wings of the Leaves, and they are of two Colours, partly white, and partly purple; five or ſeven green, hairy Leaves encompaſs the bottom of them.

This Plant is ſeldom us'd in Phyſick, but is preſerv'd in Gardens for the Beauty of its Flower. Thoſe Things that are affirm'd of the Virtue of this Plant againſt Apparitions, Enchantments and Sorcery, are frivolous, ſuperſtitious, and wholly fabulous.

There is ſo much Camomile in Cornwall, that you ſcent it as you ride there on the Road.

It digeſts, looſneth, mollifies, eaſes Pain, provokes Urine and the Courſes; wherefore it is much us'd in the Cholick, and for Convulſions that proceed from Wind. Among▪ all the Plants that are us'd in Baths for the Stone, none is ſo effectual as the Flowers of Camomile. 'Tis outwardly us'd in Paregorick, Emollient and Suppurating Pulteſſes, and for Clyſters. The Oyl of Camomile ſoftens hard Swellings, and diſcuſſes them, and eaſes the Pain. Some drink a Decoction of it for the Stone. A Perſon that had the Stone, and had tried many Medicines to no purpoſe, was wonderfully releiv'd by the following Remedy. I took, ſays he, two Handfuls of the Flowers of the Common Camomile, which I infus'd in a Quart of Rheniſh-Wine, and digeſted them in hot Aſhes two Hours; then I ſtrain'd the Liquor, and added two Handfuls more of the Flowers, and digeſted them as before; and repeated the ſame a third time; but the laſt time it muſt be infus'd no longer time than Aſparagus or Fiſh are wont to be boyl'd in. It is to be noted, that this Decoction is render'd ſo ſalt, that one would think a good quantity of Salt had been diſſolv'd in it. I took two or three Spoonfuls of this Decoction in a ſmall Draught of hot Wine; and by the Ʋſe of this ſimple Medicine (God be prais'd) the dreadful Symptoms were mitigated, and the Ʋreters relaxed; ſo that ſome Stones came away by Ʋrine, without any great Pain. Afterwards I preſcrib'd the ſame for ſeveral Others that were ſo afflicted, who found alſo much Relief, eſpecially if they were plac'd in a Bath. The Saltneſs he mentions in this Infuſion, is very remarkable.

Two or three Spoonfuls of the Juice of Camomile, with a few Drops of Spirit of Vitriol, given in Broth before the Fit comes, generally cures Agues of all ſorts.

Oyl of Camomile is made the ſame way that Oyl of Roſes is.

It has a long, ſingle Root, as thick as the Thumb, or thicker, and white. The Bulk of it is increas'd by ſome Fibres that grow to it, which have an Aromatick Taſte, and are ſomewhat acrid. It has many Stalks three or four Foot high, channel'd, ſmooth, ſolid and jointed; and ſometimes divided into Branches. The Leaves have a long-Foot-ſtalk that is like the Keel of a Ship, but 'tis narrow; they grow partly from the Root, and partly from the Wings of the Branches; like Leaves of Wild-Carrot, but they bear their Wings at a greater diſtance. The Flowers are ſingle, ſmall, round, whitiſh, or reddiſh. The Seed is oblong, channel'd, and of an acrid and Aromatick Taſte. It grows frequently in fat, pleaſant and green Fields, and in Meadows that are ſometimes water'd.

The Seed is Stomachick, and Diuretick: It expels Wind, and helps Concoction; provokes Urine, and ſtrengthens the Brain▪ 'Tis of great Uſe in the Cholick, and for Giddineſs in the Head, and the like. 'Tis much us'd in the Kitchin; for it is baked in Bread, and mix'd with Cheeſe, and boyl'd in Broths. 'Tis ſold in the Shop Candied. The Root, when it is tender, is as effectual as the Seed, and eats more pleaſantly than Parſnips. Take of the Seeds of Caraways, Coriander and Sweet Fennel, each fifteen Grains; of White Amber one Dram; of the yellow Pill of Citron, of the Flowers of Roſemary, one Dram and an half; of Nutmeg half a Dram; of the fineſt Sugar three Ounces; make a groſs Powder of them all: Take half a Spoonful of it after Meals, to help Digeſtion.

'Tis Uterine and Diuretick: 'Tis chiefly us'd in Obſtructions of the Courſes, in a Suffocation, for the Pain of the Matrix, and for a Flatulent Cholick, the Hickop, Obſtruction of Urine, and an old Cough. The Seeds of it infus'd in Beer, and drunk, is much commended by ſome Modern Authors, eſpecially by Charlton, for the Strangury, and the Stone in the Kidnies. Two Drams of the Seed infus'd in White-wine, and drunk, is good for Mother-fits. The little purple Flower of it is counted a certain Remedy for the Falling-Sickneſs. Mr. Boyle, in his Book of the Ʋſefulneſs of Natural Philoſophy, ſays, That diſcourſing once with an eminently learned and experienc'd Phyſician of the Anti-nephritical Virtue of the Seed of this Carrot, fermented in Small Ale, he ſmilingly told him, That he found its Efficacy but too great; for, having preſcrib'd it to ſome of his rich Patients, who were wont frequently to have recourſe to him for the Stone; after the Ʋſe of this Drink for a pretty while, he ſeldom heard of them any more. Mr. Boyle preſcrib'd one Ounce and an half of this Seed to a Gallon of Ale.

It has divers tender, round, light-green Stalks, with greater Joints than ordinary in other Herbs; they are very brittle, branchy, and have large, tender, long Leaves, divided into many Parts, and each of them cut in the Edges; they are placed at the Joynts, on both ſides of the Branches, of a dark-bluiſh green Colour above, like Columbines, of a pale bluiſh Green underneath. They are full of yellow Sap, which is of a bitter Taſte, and ſtrong Smell. At the tops of their Branches, which are much divided, grow yellow Flowers, conſiſting of four Leaves: After which come ſmall, long Pods, with blackiſh Seeds therein. The Root is pretty large at the Head, ſhooting forth divers other long Roots, and ſmall Fibres; reddiſh on the outſide, and full of yellow Sap within.

'Tis hot and dry: It evacuates Choler by Urine and Stool, and clears the Sight. A Syrup made of the whole Herb is good in the Jaundice▪ for Obſtructions of the Liver, Spleen and Kidnies. It cures a Tetter (called in Latin Herpes Miliaris) effectually, it being anointed with the Juice. The Juice, or diſtill'd Water of it, outwardly applied, ſtrengthens the Eyes, and cures Ulcers: But becauſe the Juice is very acrid, it muſt be mix'd with thoſe things that will abate its Acrimony. A great quantity of the Juice is made uſe of in the Compoſition of Aqua Mirabilis, which is made in the following manner: Take of Cloves, Galangal, Cubeds▪ Mace, Cardamoms, Nutmeg, Ginger, each one Dram; of the Juice of Celendine half a Pint, of Brandy one Pint, of Whitewine three Pints; infuſe them twenty four Hours, and then diſtil a Quart in B. M. Celendine grows in ſhady and rough Places, and amongſt Rubbiſh.

'Tis a little Plant, about an Hand's breadth, which has yearly a new Root, Leaf and Flower. The Root is inſpid, and partly round, as an Onion, and partly conſiſting of many white Fibres; from whence ariſes a ſmall Stalk, near the Earth white, above of a light Purple; and at the bottom is a Joint, from whence ariſe two Leaves, oppoſite one to another, with long Stalks, that have a broad Beginning, and are of a fleſhy Colour, and end narrow and green: They are ſomewhat like Ivy-leaves, but ſofter, leſs and rounder; they ſhine, and are nervous, and have ſometimes white Spots; as alſo thoſe two that ariſe from the Root. The Leaves upon the Stalks are much indented, like the Leaves of Creeping-Ivy; and they are commonly plac'd alternately, and hang upon ſhort, green Foot-ſtalks. At the top of the Branches is plac'd one Flower, reſembling that of Crowfoot, conſiſting of eight or nine ſmall Leaves, of a Golden ſhining Colour. The Cup conſiſts of three little, ſhort Leaves, and has in the middle many yellow Threads. A little Head, cover'd with Pricks, ſucceeds the Flower, of a yellowiſh green Colour, compos'd of the Seeds. It flowers at the Latter End of March, or the Beginning of April; in May the Leaves and Flowers vaniſh; the Roots ſhoot forth the next Spring. It grows in Meadows, near Ditches, and chiefly in wet Grounds.

It cools and moiſtens, and is chiefly us'd for the Jaundice, Scurvy, and Bleeding of the Hemorrhoids. Outwardly applied, 'tis a Specifick for Excreſcencies in the Fundament; and is much commended for Cleanſing the Teeth, and for preſerving them from Putrefaction.

The Root is ſmall, white and woody, it creeps awry▪ 'tis full of Twigs, without Juice, and inſipid: It has moſt commonly but one Stalk, nine Inches or one Foot high, ſmooth and firm. Some of the Leaves lie on the Ground, others are plac'd on the Stalk by Pairs, one oppoſite to another, larger than the Leaves of St. John's-wort, ſmooth and green. They have three great Nerves, very conſpicuous, on the Underſide, running according to their Longitude. There are many Flowers joyn'd together at the top of the Stalk and Branches, but they have no Foot-ſtalk; they are expanded from a long Tube, into five ſharp pieces, reſembling ſo many Leaves, and they have five yellow Tops. The Cup of the Flower is compos'd of five narrow, acute, ſmall Leaves, Long, ſtarvling, little Heads ſucceed the Flowers, full of Seeds like Sand. It flowers in July, and is common in dry Paſtures.

Gallen, by reaſon of the wonderful and great Virtue of this Plant, wrote a whole Book of it. 'Tis Splenetick and Hepatick, bitter without Biting: 'tis Cleanſing, Opening and Vulnerary: 'Tis good in the Jaundice, in Suppreſſion of the Courſes, in the Gout, and for Worms; and is a Specifick for the Biting of a Mad Dog. The Decoction of it is us'd with Succeſs in Tertian-Agues; wherefore 'tis called by ſome the Febrifuge-Plant. 'Tis one of the Ingredients of the Bitter Drink, ſo much us'd by the London-Phyſicians; which is made in the following manner: Take of the Tops of the Leſſer Centory, of the Flowers of Camomile, each one Pugil; of the Roots of Gentian half a Scruple; of the Leaves of Sena, and Carduus-ſeed, each one Dram; of Salt of Worm-wood ten Grains; boyl them in a ſufficient quantity of Fountain-water, to four Ounces. A Decoction of the Tops of it takes off Pimples, Spots, Morphew, and other Diſeaſes of the Skin. A Lee made of it cleanſes the Hair, and makes it white. A Man almoſt deſtroy'd by the Jaundice, was cured by drinking every Morning a ſtrong Decoction of this Herb. It will not grow in Gardens.

It has a woody, ſingle, white Root, and very ſmall Fibres; 'tis as thick as the Little Finger. The Taſte of it is ſomewhat acrid. It has ſometimes one, ſometimes more Stalks. They are a Cubit and an half high, or higher, round, channel'd, ſmooth and empty, and knotted with joints, plac'd at a great diſtance; and they belly out under the Joints. The Branches come out alternately, at each Joint, from the Wings of the Leaves. This is one of the Plants that are called Umbelliferous. The Flowers are ſmall and white, and conſiſt of five Leaves, and ſo many white Threads. The Seeds are oblong, ſmooth and blackiſh when they are ripe, of a ſweet and Aromatick Taſte. The Leaves are ſofter, and cut ſharper than the Leaves of Parſly▪ of an Aromatick Smell and Taſte, and of a pale-green Colour, and ſometimes a little red. The Foot-ſtalks are often red, and ſomewhat hairy. Tho' we ſaid the Leaves grow alternately upon the Stalks, yet at the top they are plac'd by Pairs: And from the Wings of theſe two Branches riſe, which is common to moſt other Umbelliferous Plants. It flowers in May: Soon after the Seed is ripe it withers away. It ſprings again in the Autumn, and is green all the Winter.

Charvil (eſpecially that which grows in Gardens) is hot and dry, and Diuretick. It provokes the Courſes, and is Lithontriprick: It quickens the Blood, when coagulated; and diſpoſes to Sleep.

'Tis uſed outwardly with great Succeſs for the Cholick, and Obſtruction of Urine: Uſed in Caraplaſms, it diſcuſſes Tumours and Clodded Blood, like Solomon's-Seal. 'Tis chiefly us'd for Swellings, and Hardneſs of the Paps.

Take of the Roots of Charvil, Knee-holm, Polypody of the Oak, of each one Ounce; of the Leaves of Water-Hemp, Agrimony, of the Oak of Jeruſalem, of Maiden-hair, and Ground-Ivy, each one Handful; of the Seeds of Baſtard-Saffron one Ounce, of the Roots of Florentine-Flower-de-luce, half an Ounce, of the Seeds of Danewort five Drams, of the Root of the Sweet-ſmelling Flag half an Ounce; boyl them in two Quarts of Fountain-water, to the Conſumption of a third part; then ſtrain it, and add one Ounce and an half of Sena, and two Drams of Agarick; Mechoacan and Turbith, each half an Ounce; of Yellow-Sanders one Dram and an half, of the Roots of Leſſer Galanga one Dram; boyl them in a cloſe Veſſel two Hours, then ſtrain the Liquor, and add two Ounces of the beſt Hony, clarified with the White of an Egg; make a purging Mead: The Doſe is ſix or eight Ounces, twice or thrice a Week. This is proper in a Dropſie of the Breaſt.

Cherries, when they are freſh, looſen the Belly; but when dry, they bind: Thoſe that are ſweet, purge; but they are offenſive to the Stomach. Sharp and harſh Cherries are Binding. The diſtill'd Water of ſharp Cherries, and the Cherries themſelves extinguiſh Feveriſh Heats, and quench Thirſt, and create an Appetite: And, preſerv'd with Sugar, they are very grateful to the Stomach, and reckon'd by the Women the beſt Sweet-Meats; but, by reaſon of the Abundance of their Moiſture, they cannot be kept long.

The Decoction of dried Cherries is excellent in Hipocondriack Diſeaſes; and many have been cur'd by this Remedy alone. Sweet Cherries are peculiarly good for Diſeaſes in the Head, the Falling-ſickneſs, Apoplexy and Palſie. A Lord that was ſeiz'd with an Apoplexy, and was ſpeechleſs three Days, recover'd his Speech by takeing Spirit of Cherries. In Stammering, and other Vices of Speech, waſh the Mouth often with the Spirit of Black-Cherries; for they are very Cephalick, and do much ſtrengthen the Muſcles of the Tongue and the Spirits deſign'd for their Uſe. The diſtill'd Water of ſweet Black-Cherries is much commended, and us'd for Children's Convulſions. Take an equal quantity of this Water, and the Water of Lime-tree-flowers: The Doſe is, an Ounce, or two Ounces, according to the Age of the Child. Wines and Potions are prepar'd of Cherries ſeveral Ways; either by Diſtillation, or Infuſion, or by mixing Sugar with the Juice, and fermenting it. In Italy they prepare a Potion with freſh Cherries, which they call Maraſco; they drink it before it ferments: 'Tis ſold there in Taverns in the Summer-time, and is counted a good, cooling Liquor. The Oyl drawn from the Kernels, in a Preſs, is ſaid to take Spots and Pimples from the Skin, by anointing it: And 'tis reckon'd good for the Gout, and Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder. The Gum of Cherries, diluted with Wine, cures inveterate Coughs, quickens the Sight, and provokes Appetite: 'Tis counted alſo Lithontriptick, drunk in Wine. Some, when they eat great quantities of Cherries, ſwallow the Stones to prevent Surfeits, which is a vulgar Errour; for, many times they lie long in the Stomach, and do much hurt. The Livers of Sparrows grow very big at Cherry-time. The following Sorts of Cherries are much eſteem'd here in England, (viz.) The May-Cherry, the Duke-cherry, the Arch-Duke-Cherry, the Flanders-Cherry, the Red-Heart-Cherry, the Carnation and the Amber-Cherry, the Bleeding-heart and the Naples, the Purple-Cherry, the Black Orleance, and the common Black-Cherry, Luke Ward's Cherry, the Cluſter-Cherry, the Dwarf-Cherry, and the Morello-Cherry.

It is a great and ſtately Tree , as thick as an old Oak; ſo very large ſometimes, that three Men, with their Arms extended, can ſcarce encompaſs the Trunk of it. It has many Branches, the ſmall Twigs are of a Crimſon Colour. It has a ſmooth Bark, ſpotted, and blackiſh, and ſometimes of an Aſh-colour, but chiefly the Extremity of the Branches: And when the Tree is young, the Wood of it is ſtrong and laſting; but yet it bends with a Burthen, and cracks much in the Fire, and its Coals are ſoon extinguiſh'd. It has large Leaves, about two Inches broad, and in length about five; they are thin, wrinkly, and indented like a Saw, with many tranſverſe Veins ſticking on the Back, extended from the Middle-rib that is moſt remarkable. Long hanging Buds precede the Fruit, having yellow Tufts. The Cups are prickly, and like a Bur; within they are hairy, and as ſoft as Silk: They contain two or three Nuts, ſome but one, ending ſharp, from a broad Baſis; they are about an Inch long, flat on one ſide, and bellying out on the other, and are in ſhape ſomething like the Heart. The Nut is white, ſolid and hard, ſweet and palatable; eſpecially when it is roaſted. It chiefly grows on Mountains, and Riſing Grounds. There are Abundance of them in Italy, where the People that live on the Mountains eat little elſe. They bud at the Beginning of Spring; and ſoon after flower. The Fruit is ripe about the Latter End of September. The good Nuts are known from the bad, by putting them in Water; for, if they are ſound and good they ſink, but if otherwiſe they ſwim. We in England make of this Wood Bedſteads, Chairs, Tables, Cheſts, and other Furniture for Houſes. In ſome Places beyond Sea they make Bread and Frumenty of the Flower of the Nuts; but ſuch ſort of coarſe Diet is no way pleaſing to the Engliſh, who (God be thanked) have Plenty of wholſom Food, and great Abundance of all things neceſſary. They are either boyl'd whole in Water, or roaſted on the Fire, or fry'd. In Italy the Gentry and Citizens roaſt them under Aſhes, and, having pill'd them, mix a little Sugar and Juice of Oranges or Limons with them, and ſo eat them for a Second Courſe. But, which way ſoever they are prepar'd, they are windy, and injurious to the Stomach and Head, and to thoſe that are ſubject to Cholical Pains, and the Stone. The Nuts are aſtringent, and conſequently do good in Fluxes of the Belly, and for Spitting of Blood. They are ſaid to be good for Coughs, being eaten with Hony, faſting: As alſo is an Electuary prepar'd with the Flower of them and Hony. An Emulſion of Cheſnuts, made with the Decoction of Liquoriſh, and a few White Poppy-ſeeds, is good for Heat of Urine.

It cools and moiſtens moderately; upon which Account it is good for Inflammations, and againſt Heat, either taken inwardly, or outwardly applied, as Purſlan, and the Leſſer Houſe-leek. 'Tis counted good for ſuch as are in Conſumptions, and waſting Conditions. Birds that are kept in Cages are much refreſhed by this Herb, when they loath their Meat.

The Stalk is two Foot high, and higher, about the bigneſs of the Little Finger, fourſquare, ſtiff and hairy, and full of white Pith. The Leaves are large, hairy and whitiſh, very much wrinkled; from a large Baſis, they end by degrees in a blunt Point; they are ſomewhat indented about the Edges: They are plac'd on long Foot-ſtalks, eſpecially the lower, which come out of the Earth; thoſe of the Stalks are placed by Pairs, oppoſite to one another. The Flowers are ſet upon long Spikes, on the top of the Stalks and Branches; they are compos'd of many Whirls, they are of a light blue Colour. The Seed is pretty large, and ſmooth, and of a browniſh Colour. The Root is ſingle, and woody, and conſiſts of many Fibres. The Smell of the whole Plant is very ſtrong, the Taſte is bitter. It grows in Gardens: It flowers in June, or July.

Wine fermented with it is very agreeable to a cold Stomach. 'Tis alſo good for barren Women, and for thoſe that are troubl'd with the Whites. The Herb powder'd, and applied to the Noſtrils, provokes Sneazing, and cures a Catarrh, and purges the Head. A Decoction of it in Water provokes the Courſes, and expels the After-birth. Cakes made of it are reckon'd good to ſtrengthen the Reins, and to ſtimulate Venery. The Muſilage of the Seeds is proper for Diſeaſes of the Eyes. 'Tis alſo ſaid to be good for the Falling-ſickneſs, and Mother-fits. The Seed put into the Eyes, takes away Motes.

It riſes up with ſlender, browniſh Stalks, not a Foot high; ſet with four or five large Leaves, one above another, at ſeveral winged winged Joints, each of them divided into five parts, and each of them pretty much indented, and jagg'd, rough, and, as it were, crumpled: Each of them is plac'd on a long Foot-ſtalk, which at the Joints have two ſmall pieces, like Ears, ſet thereat. Every Stalk has one Flower ſet at the top of it, conſiſting of five roundiſh, pointed Leaves, of a dark purple Colour; after which follows a large Berry, like a Mulberry, of a reddiſh Colour when ripe, and is of a ſowriſh ſweet Taſte. The Root creeps much, and far, ſhooting forth ſmall Fibres at the knotty Joints, whereby it is faſtned in the Ground; and from thence divers new Stalks ſhoot. 'Tis ſaid, that in Norway they have ſo great an Opinion of the Virtues of Knot-berry, for curing the Scurvy, and ſuch like Diſeaſes, that they remove their Scorbutick People to a neighbouring Iſland, where only ſuch inhabit; and there they are forc'd to abide till they recover their Health; and having no other Proviſion allow'd them, they feed on theſe Berries, whereby they are infallibly cur'd within a few Days. But this ſort of Remedy can be only us'd in Summer-time.

It has a jointed, creeping Root; it bunches out. The Stalks are five or ſix Foot high, ſomewhat reddiſh, hairy, rough and four-ſquare, and empty. The Leaves are placed at the Joints, by Pairs, oppoſite to one another; they are ſharp, hairy, ſoft, except the Rib of the Under-ſide, which is reddiſh, and a little rough; they are indented about the Edges; they have a ſtrong Smell, and bitteriſh Taſte. The Flowers are ſpiked, and conſiſt of ſeveral Whirls; each of them is hooded, and purpliſh, The Lip is of ſeveral Colours in the Cup of the Flower, which is ſhort, and divided into five acute Pieces. The Seeds grow four by four, black, ſhining and triangular. It grows in watery Places, and near Rivers.

Our Gerard wonderfully extols the Efficacy of this Herb, in curing Wounds. He beats it up with Lard, and applies it to the freſh Wound. A Syrup made of it, is an excellent Remedy for Hoarſneſs.

This has the ſame Virtues with the Common Cabbage.

The Leaves are roundiſh, have many Angles, and are like Butter-Bur-leaves, but much leſſer; under whitiſh, above green; with a little Cotton upon them, which may be eaſily rub'd off with the Fingers: From the ſame come ſeveral Stalks, an Hand, and ſometimes nine Inches high, concave reddiſh, and have Cotton on them, and little Leaves, much unlike thoſe that come from the Root; namely, long, ſharp, thin, and without Foot-ſtalks; plac'd alternately, and preſs'd to the Stalk. Each of them ſuſtain a yellow Flower, conſiſting of abundance of ſmall Leaves. The Roots are ſmall, and white, and creep much. The Flowers and Stalks wither ſoon, (but not in a Day or two, as ſome have ſaid;) upon which Account, it has been ſuppoſed to have neither Flower, nor Cup. It grows in watery Places.

The freſh Leaves are applied outwardly to hot Ulcers, and Inflammations; but being dried, are pretty acrid, and hot. The Fume of them receiv'd into the Mouth, through a Tunnel, and ſwallow'd down, or ſmoak'd in a Tobacco-pipe, is good for a Cough, Difficulty of Breathing, and an Ulcer of the Lungs. A Syrup prepar'd of the Leaves, is good for the ſame Uſe. Mr. Boyle ſays, That the Leaves powder'd, with Saffron and Amber, and ſmoak'd in a Pipe, have cur'd a Conſumption. The whitiſh Down which grows to the Root, being cleans'd from it, and wrapped in a Rag, and boyl'd a little in Lee, adding a little Salt-Petre, and after dried in the Sun, makes the beſt Tinder. Take of the Leaves of Colts-foot, Ground-Ivy, Maiden-hair, Harts-horn raſp'd, Water-Hemp, Agrimony, of each one Handful; of the Roots of Charvil, and Butcher's Broom, each one Ounce; of the Seeds of Baſtard. Saffron, of Sweet Fennel-Seed, each half an Ounce; boyl them in three Quarts of Fountain-water, to the Conſumption of half; adding towards the End three Drams of Liquoriſh, and two Ounces of Raiſins of the Sun ſton'd, and ſix Jujubes, or three Ounces of the beſt Hony clarified: Make an Apozem. The Doſe is four Ounces, hot, twice or thrice in a Day. This is good for Coughs.

The Seed candied, is commended for Obſtructions of the Bowels, and for Giddineſs. One Dram of the Seed powder'd, and taken in Wine, with Saffron, cures the Jaundice, if the Sick keep in Bed, and ſweat. The diſtill'd Water of it diſcuſſes inward Tumours, expels Poiſon, and eaſes the Gripes. The Seed of it finely powder'd, and taken in Wine, helps Delivery: If the firſt Draught does not do the Buſineſs, repeat it. But it is moſt frequently us'd in Gargariſms, to cleanſe the Teeth, and to cure the Scurvy, and Ulcers of the Mouth and Jaws. Take of the Leaves of Columbine two Handfuls, of White-Pepper one Dram; boyl them in a Quart of Poſſet-drink till half is waſted: Make a Gargariſm.

'Tis one, two, or three Inches high, hoary, and of an Aſh-colour, ſometimes yellowiſh, reddiſh, or whitiſh. It has abundance of thin Branches, jointed ſometimes, with ſmall Twigs growing on the ſide. It ſmells like a Fiſh; the Taſte alſo is ſaltiſh, and unpleaſant: It cracks between the Teeth, like Sand; and is eaſily reduc'd to Powder, by rubbing it with the Fingers. It grows upon Rocks, and on Shells and Stones near the Sea-ſide.

'Tis not ſoft when under Water, as Caeſalpinus writes. Being groſly powder'd, it kills and expels Worms: Half a Dram is given to Boys, not Ten Years of Age; a Dram to grown People. This is much commended for the Worms: Take of Coralline and Calcin'd Hearts-horn, each half a Scruple; of Virginia-Snake-weed one Scruple; make a Powder: Let the Child take a third part of it, Morning and Evening, in a ſmall Draught of the white Decoction.

It grows commonly in Hedges. The Wood of it is ſo very hard, eſpecially when it is dry, that it can ſcarce be cut. Some People make Oyl of the Berries, for their Lamps.

The Roots grow oblique, like the Roots of Mint; they are round, and have many Fibres. The Stalks are two or three Foot high, channel'd, branchy, and of a pale-green Colour. The Leaves are like the Leaves of Pepperwort, and of the ſame Colour with the Stalks; indented about the Edges, but ſeldom jagged; it has a very ſtrong Scent, and a very bitter Taſte. On the top of the Branches are Umbles or Tufts of Golden yellow Flowers, ſomewhat like the Flowers of Tanſie. The Seeds are ſmall, oblong and flat. It grows in Gardens.

It cures the Crudities of the Stomach, Belchings, Vomitings, and a Stinking Breath; the Gripes, Heart-burning, and Pain in the Head, that is occaſion'd by Fumes from the Stomach: It opens Women's Obſtructions, and is good in the Stone. The Juice and the Seed kill Worms. 'Tis ſuppoſed to be peculiarly good againſt the Malignity of Opium, and other Poiſons. It cures Wounds preſently. An excellent Balſam for old Ulcers is prepar'd of this Herb and Adder's-tongue, boy'ld in Oyl of Olives; adding Wax and Rozen to bring it to a Conſiſtence.

'Tis common in Paſtures, and flowers in April.

The Leaves and Flowers are us'd amongſt Pot-herbs, and in Sallets; and are very agreeable to the Head and Nerves. They are us'd in Apoplexies, Palſies, and Pains in the Joints. The Juice of the Flowers takes off Spots and Wrinkles from the Face, and other Vices of the Skin. The Water of the Flowers, the Conſerve, and the Syrup are Anodine, and gently provoke Sleep; and are very proper Medicines for weakly People. The Juice of the Leaves and Flowers, mix'd with an equal quantity of Red-Cow's Milk, cured an inveterate Head-ach, when other Medicines would do no good. Take of Cowſlip-water two Ounces, of the Syrup of White Poppies one Ounce, of the Juice of Limons freſh drawn, two Spoonfuls; make a Draught. This is commonly uſed at Bedtime, to cauſe Sleep.

It flowers in May and June; and, when the ſeed is ripe, withers quite away.

The Herb, eſpecially the Seed, is acrid, and hot; for which Reaſon it opens, attenuates, and cleanſes. 'Tis chiefly uſed for the Swelling of the Spleen, for Obſtructions of the Courſes, and to expel a dead Child. It cuts the Tartareous Muſilage of the Lungs, and is good in the Scurvy. 'Tis outwardly uſed, beat up with Lard, to cure Scabs in the Head, and other Parts of the Body. 'Tis uſed every where in Sallets, with Lettice, and other Herbs: It qualifies the Coldneſs of the Lettice, and comforts the Stomach, and promotes Concoction by its Heat. For Lethargies, and ſleepy Diſeaſes, there is nothing better than Creſſes, either boyl'd, or eaten in Sallets. For Children's Scabs, or Scalded Heads, nothing is ſo effectual and quick a Remedy as Garden-Creſſes, beat up with Lard; for it makes the Scales fall in twenty four Hours, and perfectly cures them, if they continue the Uſe of it.

It grows frequently in Brooks, and watery Places. It flowers chiefly in July and Auguſt, and ſometimes before.

'Tis much us'd in the Spring-time, in Broths, to purifie the Blood. 'Tis good in the Stone; for it provokes Urine, it opens Women's Obſtructions, and relieves thoſe that are in Dropſies.

Spirit of Water-Creſſes: Take a large quantity of Water-Creſſes, beat them in a Marble Mortar, preſs out the Juice, diſſolve ſome Leaven with it; make an Heap, and beat them well with your Hands; then put them in a convenient Place for eight Days, afterwards diſtil the Spirit in B. M. The Doſe is one Spoonful, or two in Winter-time, for Scorbutical People. The Spirit of Celandine, Brooklime and Scurvy-graſs may be made the ſame Way. Take of Water-Creſſes and Brook-lime, each two handfuls; Wood-Sorrel one Handful; bruiſe them, and put the Juice into a Pint of White-wine; let it ſtand cloſe ſtop'd till the Wine is clear: Take two Spoonfuls of the clear Wine in your Beer, every time you drink; continue the Uſe of this for the ſpace of three Weeks. This is good for an hot Scurvy.

It grows up in ſquare, hairy, brown Stalks, about a Foot high; having four ſmall, broad, and pointed; hairy, yet ſmooth; yellowiſh green Leaves growing at every Joint, each againſt the other, croſs-wiſe. The Flowers are of a pale-yellow Colour. Its Seeds are ſmall, round and blackiſh; four, moſt commonly, in every Husk. The Root is very ſmall, and full of Fibres, or Threads, which ſpread much in the Ground, It grows amongſt Buſhes, and in Hedges.

It dries, is aſtringent, and one of the chief Vulneraries, inwardly taken, or outwardly applied. Drunk in Wine, it is good for Ruptures. It alſo expectorates Viſcous Humours.

The Root has many white Fibres. The Leaves are placed upon very long Foot-ſtalks, and have three Diviſions, and are moſt like the Leaves of Smallage; they are cut in deep, and indented about the Edges; hairy on both ſides, of a dark-green Colour, and ſometimes ſpotted with white. It has many ſmall Stalks, round, hairy and concave, that creep on the Ground, and ſend down Roots from the Joints, by Intervals. The Flowers are placed upon long Footſtalks; they have five Leaves, are yellow, and ſhine as if they were varniſh'd. Many Seeds ſucceed the Flowers; all joyn'd together, make a a Bur: They are black when they are ripe. It grows in moiſt Grounds.

This Sort is not at all acrid, and therefore may be applied to the Body without Danger. The German-Women eat them in April, when they are tender, with other Herbs.

The Leaves and Flowers are like the former: It differs from it in theſe ſix Things; 1. The Root is bulbous. 2. The Stalks are upright, and do not creep at all. 3. The Leaves upon the upper Stalks are cut into ſmaller and longer Jags. 4. The Leaves of the Cup, when the Flower opens, are turn'd back to the Foot-ſtalk. 5. It flowers earlier. Laſtly, The Heads of the Seeds are a little longer, and each Seed not prickly at the top, as is every Seed of the Creeping Crow-foot. There are other Differences, but theſe may ſuffice for the Diſtinction of them. This grows every where in Paſtures, and is too frequent there.

This is called Devil's Crow-foot by Tragus. Beggars make Soars upon their Fleſh with this Plant, to move Compaſſion. The Water of the Root, or the Infuſion made in Spirit of Wine, is praiſed in the Plague. The Root of it burns violently, and therefore muſt be uſed only externally. 'Tis of excellent Uſe for eating down, and drying up hard Tumours. It takes off long Warts, and the like. Camerarius ſays, That if the Root be kept dry a Month, it becomes ſweet. Nicholas Cheſneaw commends the Juice of Crowfoot (I ſuppoſe he means the Bulbous) in Head-aches, which (ſays he) wonderfully moves the Pain, when it poſſeſſes a little Space. Chuſe that Sort whoſe Leaves are like the Leaves of Anemony, and bites the Tongue when chewed; beat the Leaves of it in a Marble Mortar; and having applied a Plaſter with an Hole in it, as is made uſe of in the Application of a Cauſtick, put it on the pain'd Part, and apply the Leaves, beaten, with the Juice in them, in the Hole of the Plaſter; and then put another Plaſter over, to keep them in; and in the ſpaee of two Hours it will open the Skin, eſpecially if the Herb be gather'd in a Place where the Sun ſhines. Note, The Hair muſt be ſhaved, and you muſt take care not to apply it near the Eyes. He mentions many Obſervations of the Cure of the Head-ach by this Medicine. He uſed it in the Gout, with the ſame Succeſs. A Prieſt, ſays he, that had kept his Bed three Years with the Gout, and was not able to walk, was cured by applying Crowfoot to the Part moſt pained, after the Manner above-mention'd. One that was ſeized with the Plague, and was in great danger, was cured by two Iſſues made in the Groin with the Leaves of Crow-foot, he having a Bubo there.

The Stalks of it are round, ſolid, lie along, and are jointed; from the Joints whereof, the Plant ſpreads it ſelf much, by many white Fibres. The Leaves are placed at the Joints, with pretty long Foot-ſtalks; they are triangular, and ſomewhat like Ivy-leaves; they are ſmooth, ſhining, and ſometimes have a black Spot upon them. The Flowers grow on the Stalks, oppoſite to the Leaves; they are ſmall, and have five ſharp Leaves. The Cup is divided into five parts, and is white. An Head of Seeds ſucceed the Flowers, of the bigneſs of the common Vetch: The Seeds are not ſharp. It grows plentifully in Brooks, and Ditches that have Water in them; eſpecially on Sandy Ground.

The following Medicine is excellent for the Scurvy and Dropſie: Take of the Tops of Alder, Ivy-leav'd-Water-Crow-foot and Sage, each one Handful; infuſe them one Night in White-wine, and drink the Infuſion.

The Seed of it is one of the four greater cold Seeds. It cleanſes, opens, and provokes Urine. 'Tis frequently uſed in Emulſions for Pleuriſies, and the Stone in the Kidnies. The Flower of it is reckon'd good to clear the Skin. 'Tis generally reckon'd, that the Subſtance of Cucumber is cold and moiſt, and of an Excrementitious Juice; and therefore to be uſed only by thoſe, whoſe Stomachs are ſtrong: But I, ſays Schroder, tho' my Stomach is not very ſtrong, having liv'd a Sedentary Life, have eaten plentifully of Cucumbers, for many Years, as long as they are in Seaſon, and fit to eat; yet never received the leaſt Injury or Inconvenience by them, though I am now Sixty Years of Age. And when I was at Florence, and had a Fever there, an Engliſh Phyſician preſcribed the Pulp of Cucumber in Broth for me; whereby I was much refreſhed, and relieved. But when they are eaten raw, they muſt be cut into thin Slices, and ſprinkled with Salt, and beat betwixt two Diſhes, ſo that the Watery Humour may be drained from them: After add Vinegar, Pepper and Oyl to them: And being ſo order'd, they are very grateful to the Palate, and Stomach; and, undoubtedly, not unwholſom. The ſmall ones, pickled with Salt, Pepper and Vinegar, Dill and Cloves, are kept all the Year; and are very good to provoke Appetite, and cool an hot Stomach.

Elaterium is made of the Juice of it preſſed out, and inſpiſſated. It purges Flegm and Watery Humours, upwards and downwards. It moves the Courſes, and kills the Child in the Womb; wherefore it is ſeldom uſed; eſpecially, for that it is accompanied with Malignity. 'Tis the moſt durable of all Juices, for it is ſuppoſed to continue good above an hundred Years. A certain Emperick cured ſeveral People of Dropſies, by giving them two Pills, of the bigneſs of a Vetch, made of Wheaten Flower and this Juice: Afterwards he waſhed their Legs with a Lotion, made of the Stalks; and then he gave the Pills again, and ſo perfected the Cure.

Many ſmall Stalks ariſe from the ſame Root, about half a Foot, or nine Inches high, upright, hoary, downy, branchy at top. It has many Leaves, diſorderly placed, downy, narrow, and oblong, much leſs than the Leaves of Lavender, preſs'd to the Stalks for the moſt part, whereunto they grow without Foot-ſtalks. Among the Leaves grow ſmall Flowers, of a browniſh yellow Colour. After the Flowers, come ſmall Seeds, wrap'd in Down. It grows every where, in dry and barren Grounds.

The diſtill'd Water of it is of excellent uſe for Cancers, eſpecially of the Breaſt; for it hinders their Growth, and prevents their Breaking, Rags being dipped in it, and applied to them. But ſome dip the Leaves of Aſarabacca in the Water, and apply them to Cancers. 'Tis of a drying and aſtringent Nature. The Country-people in the Weſt of England uſe the Herb infus'd in Oyl, to take off Black and Blue Bruiſes and Stripes. It alſo ſtops the Courſes.

Currants are cold and moiſt, and provoke Appetite, allay the Heat of the Stomach, quench Thirſt; and therefore are good in Fevers. They temper the Heat of the Liver, and Choler; and reſiſt Putrefaction.

The Root is bulbous, compoſed of many Coats of a moderate Bigneſs; it taſtes and feels clammy, 'tis ſweetiſh, but leaves behind it ſome Bitterneſs. The Leaves are long▪ of a Light-green. The Stalk is an Hand or nine Inches high, channel'd, and hollow; upon the top of which is one Flower, bending downward, about two Inches long, conſiſting of ſix pale Leaves. The Seed is at firſt broadiſh, and afterwards round. It grows in ſeveral Places near Hedges, eſpecially in moiſt Ground, and in Woods.

The Root is Vomitive. The Leaves bruiſed, are proper in an Eriſipelas.

The Root is fibrous, and creeping, of an acrid Taſte; ſending forth many Stalks, nine Inches high, or higher, five-angled, ſolid, branching; and it has many oblong, fat and indented Leaves, with obtuſe Points. The Flowers caſt forth Beams of Brightneſs; they are white in the Circumference, in the middle yellow, and large; compoſed of many ſmall, yellow Flowers, divided into five little Pieces, with a ſmall Pillar in the middle of each. The Leaves of the Cups have a blackiſh Fringe. It flowers in May and June. It grows frequently in Paſtures.

The whole Herb, Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, boyl'd in Poſſet-drink, and drunk, is accounted an excellent Remedy for an Aſthma, Conſumption, and Difficulty of Breathing. 'Tis very good in Wounds and Ulcers, taken inwardly, or outwardly applied. A Decoction of the Herb cures all Diſeaſes that are occaſion'd by drinking cold Beer when the Body is hot.

It has many long Leaves, much jagged, lying on the Ground; the Middle-rib is white, and full of bitter Milk. The Root is as thick as a Little Finger, and is full of Milk. The Stalks are naked, and empty, and ſometimes hairy: Each of them bears, at the top, a large, yellow Flower. The Down at the top is as round as a Ball, and is ſoon blown away by the Wind, or Breath. It grows commonly in Gardens, Courts and Meadows.

'Tis Epatick, and much of the ſame Virtue with Endive; and is alſo Diuretick. Take of freſh Horſe-dung four Ounces, of Carduus-water one Pint and an half; make an Infuſion over a gentle Fire, in a cloſe Veſſel, two Hours; then ſtrain the Liquor, and add to it two Ounces of the Syrup of Dandalyon, and a Dram of the Spirit of Sal-Almoniack: The Doſe is five or ſix Spoonfuls, three or four times a Day. This is very good in Pleuriſies, and other Diſeaſes that proceed from the Clammineſs of the Blood, and from its being coagulated.

'Tis neither Tree, nor Shrub, but rather an Herb; but it is ſo like Elder, that it is called Dwarf-Elder. 'Tis ſeldom ſo high as a Man, but moſt-commonly three Foot high, and no higher. The Stalk is green, and channel'd, and full of Pith, like Elder; which withers in Winter. The Leaves are whiter and greater than thoſe of the common Elder, long, and broad, and cut in the Edges like a Saw. The Leaves are placed by Couples, and ſmell ſtrong. The Flowers are white, tip'd with red; and grow at the top of the Stalks, in Tufts. The Berries are black. The Root is long, and of the thickneſs of a Finger, not woody. It ſpreads much, and grows commonly near High-ways, and Ditches, and Church-yards. It flowers in June, or July; and the Betries are ripe in Auguſt and September.

'Tis ſaid to have the ſame Virtues with Elder, but they are ſtronger. The Bark and Seeds purge Water; wherefore they are good in Dropſies, and other Diſeaſes ariſing from watery Humours. The Root likewiſe purges very ſtrongly. The Leaves of it, as well as thoſe of Elder, applied to Burns, cure them. In Diſeaſes of the Spleen, Take four Ounces of the diſtill'd Waters of the Roots, for the ſpace of ten or twelve Days, faſting. Take of the Roots of Dwarf-Elder, of our Flower-de-luce, each one Ounce and an half; of the Leaves of Soldanella, and Hedge-Hyſſop, each one Handful; of the Roots of Aſarabacca and Wild Cucumbers, each two Ounces; of the Leſſer Galangal ſix Drams, of choice Jalap half an Ounce, of Elaterium three Drams, of Cubebs two Drams; ſlice and bruiſe them, and pour upon them three Pints of ſmall Spirit of Wine Tartariz'd; digeſt them in a cloſe Veſſel, in a Sand-Furnace, two Days; ſtrain it, and let it ſtand till it is clear: Take two or three Spoonfuls, in a proper Vehicle. This is an excellent Purge in a Dropſie.

The Root is very fibrous. The Straws are two or three Foot high, like the Wheat-ſtraw, but a little leſs. They have four or five Knots, at each whereof are the Leaves; they are narrower and greener than the Blade of Wheat; they ſhine, and are ſmooth, fat, channel'd, and are ſpiky. The Grain is leſs than Wheat, and is included in a ſingle, brown Husk. It grows too much amongſt Wheat.

'Tis hot and dry: It attenuates, reſolves and cleanſes. Being mix'd with Malt, it makes the Beer heady: And mix'd with Bread, it occaſions great Dulneſs. It offends the Eyes, by ſending ill Vapours into the Head. The Flower of it, mix'd with other Medicines, is commended by the Ancients for putrid Ulcers, the Itch, the Leproſie, the King's Evil, Gangreens, and the Hip-Gout.

'Tis very like Fennel, yet it differs from it in many things: The Root is annual; the Stalk is leſs, and and lower, for it is rarely three Foot high; the Leaves are lighter colour'd, and ſmell ſtronger, and not ſo pleaſant; the Seed is broader, of an acrid Taſte, and not ſo pleaſant as that of Fennel; the Tufts of Flowers are yellow, but not ſo large. It grows in Gardens, and ſprings yearly from its Seed: But it grows no where ſpontaneouſly in England, as I know of.

The Herb, but eſpecially the Seed, digeſts, diſcuſſes and ripens Tumours, increaſes Milk, diſpoſes to Sleep, leſſens Venery, cures Vomiting, and the Hickops. 'Tis ſaid to be offenſive to the Eyes; which ſeems ſtrange to me, for that it is very like Fennel, both in Quality, and outward Appearance; and it expels alſo Wind: And Fennel is allow'd by all to be good for the Eyes. The tender Tops, and the Root, when freſh, provoke Urine, and ſo very good for thoſe that are afflicted with the Stone.

Our People are wont to put the Seeds and Leaves into Pickle of Cucumbers, to better the Taſte and Smell, and to correct the Coldneſs. Take of the Oyl of the Seeds of Dill four Drops, of Oyl of Almonds half an Ounce; mingle them for a Draught. This is excellent for the Hickops, when they proceed from a cold Cauſe.

The Root is of a Finger's thickneſs, and thicker, white, of an acrid and hot Taſte, which ſoon vaniſhes. It creeps in the Earth. It has many Stalks four Foot high, ſound, ſmooth, and full of Pith; branchy, leſs than the Little Finger, and cover'd with Sky-colour'd Duſt, which may be eaſily wiped off. The Leaves are long and broad, but end ſharp; they are ſmooth, fat, of a dull green Colour, and plac'd alternately; they are indented about the Edges: Thoſe which come from the Root, and are on the bottom of the Stalk, are prop'd by long Foot-ſtalks. The little Flowers are plac'd on the top of the Stalks and Branches; they conſiſt of three white Leaves; there are many of them. The ſmall Seed-veſſels ſucceed the Flowers; they are fat, and pointed. Gardiners diſlike it, becauſe it ſpreads ſo much.

The Women in Suffolk boyl it in Beer, to facilitate Delivery. The Herb is acrid. The Root eaſes the Pain of the Teeth.

The Root is ſingle, and has ſometimes Sprigs; it grows deep in the Earth; without brown, and within yellow. The Leaves are narrow and long, and of a dull colour, curl'd, and crooked about the Edges, eſpecially near the Foot-ſtalks. The Flowers are ſmall, hanging down upon long Foot-ſtalks, and many Whirls. The Seed is of a Cheſnut-colour. It grows on untill'd Grounds, and in Courts; eſpecially in moiſt Places.

The Leaves are ſhorter than the former; the Lower grow narrow by degrees, from a broad Beginning, and are leſs than the other. The Stalk is ſmall, ſtiff, and ſometimes crooked. The Whirls of the Flowers are not ſo thick; the Flowers are ſmaller, and the Seeds not half ſo large. It grows in moiſt Places, and near Water; and commonly in Ditches, and Hedges.

The Root of Sharppointed Dock is much commended for the Itch: And, infus'd in Beer, is excellent for the Scurvy, and the Jaundice. The Powder of the Seeds ſtrengthen the Liver, and ſtop all Fluxes of the Belly.

Provide four Gallons of Small Ale; inſtead of Hops, boyl in it three Handfuls of the Tops of Pines, or Firr; after it has done Working in the Veſſel, put into a Canvas-bag three Handfuls of Scurvy-graſs, four Ounces of the Root of Sharp-pointed Dock prepar'd, and the Peels of four Oranges; hang the Bag in the Veſſel, with ſomething to ſink the Bag: After it has ſtood a Week, and is clear, drink of it for your ordinary Drink. This is frequently uſed for the Scurvy, and is an excellent Diet-drink.

'Tis ſometimes as high as a Man. The Stalk is channel'd, and reddiſh; above it is divided into many Sprigs. The Leaves are a Foot, or a Foot and an half broad, and pointed; of a dull green Colour. The Root is thick, long, and has many Fibres, and of a Saffron-colour. The Leaves come out in March, and it flowers about June.

The Root purges Choler, and watery-Humours. Take of the dried Root one Dram, of Ginger one Scruple: Thoſe that uſe it for Rubarb take a double quantity. The Root expels Gravel: Take Dock-roots prepar'd and Polypody, each one Ounce; Sena ten Drams, Rubarb ſix Drams, Monks-Rubarb five Drams, Yellow Sanders two Drams, Salt of Wormwood, and Scurvy-graſs, each one Dram; cut and bruiſe them, and put them into a Glaſs, with Snail-water and White-wine, each one Pint and an half; ſtop the Glaſs, and ſet it in a Cellar twenty four Hours: Take ſix Ounces of it, or more, according as it works, every Morning. This is good for the Itch.

This fawning Paraſite, and ungrateful Gueſt▪ hugs the Herb it hangs upon, with its long Threads, and reddiſh Twigs; and ſo cloſely embraces it, that at length it defrauds the hoſpitable Herb of its Nouriſhment, and deſtroys it by its treacherous Embraces. It has no Leaves. The Flowers are placed thick, at ſeveral Diſtances, or Intervals: Each of them conſiſts of four ſmall, acute Leaves, that are thick, and full of Juice. This Plant has no need of a large Deſcription; for it is diſtinguiſh'd from all other Plants, by having no Leaves, nor Root, when it is grown up; conſiſting only of long Threads, by which it encompaſſes the neighbouring Plants, and ſucks away their Nouriſhment. Upon which Account the Country-people in Suſſex call it Hell-weed, or The Devil's Guts. And ſo much for the Vices of this Plant.

'Tis ſuppos'd to participate of the Plant it adheres to: So that which grows to Broom is reckon'd Diuretick; that is counted moiſt, which ſticks to Flax; that aſtringent, which climbs Madder; that which grows on Nettles, is very Diuretick. 'Tis hot, dry, and cleanſing: It opens Obſtructions, and purges Melancholy; is of good uſe in the Itch, for the Black Jaundice, and Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen. But that which grows on Nettles is prefer'd before all the other in Phyſick. Take of Dodder of Thime, and of Rubarb, each one Dram and an half; of Sena three Drams, of Yellow Sanders half a Dram, of Coriander-ſeeds two Scruples, of Salt of Wormwood half a Dram, of Celtick Spike one Scruple; infuſe them in a cloſe Veſſel all Night, in four Ounces of White-wine, and Water of Apples: To five Ounces of the ſtrain'd Liquor, add ſix Drams of Syrup of Dodder of Thyme, and two Drams of Aqua-mirabilis; mingle them, and make a Potion: For thoſe that are difficult to purge, add a Dram, or two Drams, of the Fibres of Black Hellebore, infus'd in Vinegar. This is an excellent Purge for melancholy People.

It has many Roots; black without, and white within. The Fibres of it are bulbous. It has many Leaves at the Roots; they are long, wing'd, and indented almoſt like Burnet-Saxifrage. The Stalk is moſt commonly ſingle, upright, nine Inches or a Foot high, or higher, channell'd branchy, with a few Leaves on it. The Flowers are placed on the top of the Stalk, in a Tuft; they ſmell ſweet, and are white; they conſiſt of ſeven Leaves. Eleven or twelve Seeds, more or leſs, are placed in the form of a Star. It grows in Meadows, and Hilly Paſtures.

The Root attenuates, and is ſomewhat aſtringent. A Decoction of it provokes Urine, and expels Gravel: It cures the Heat of Urine, and takes off the Difficulty of it. The Powder of the Root, and the Juice of it, is commended by ſome, in the Falling-Sickneſs: 'Tis excellent for the Whites, and the immoderate Flux of the Child-bed-Purgations: The Doſe is, one Dram of the Root in Wine. It alſo cures the Bloody Flux, and Ruptures.

It has ſeveral ſmall, round, pale-green Leaves, cut in about the Edges, like Mallows: They are placed upon long, reddiſh, hairy Stalks, lying on the Ground; among which riſe up two or three, or more, reddiſh, jointed, ſlender, weak and hairy Stalks, with ſome ſuch like Leaves thereon, but ſmaller, and more cut in. It has many very ſmall, bright, red Flowers, of five Leaves a-piece; after which follow ſmall Heads, with ſmall, ſhort Beaks, pointing forth, as all other Sorts of this Kind of Herbs have.

'Tis very Vulnerary, either outwardly applied, or taken inwardly. It ſtops a Flux of Blood, and reſolves coagulated Blood: It cleanſes Wounds and Ulcers: It expels Gravel; and eaſes the Pain of the Cholick. The Powder of the Root and Leaves taken, in Wine, is very effectual for curing Ruptures.

'Tis eaſily known, being ſpeckl'd like a Snake. It flowers in July.

'Tis hot and dry, aſtringent, and of an acrid Taſte. 'Tis ſomething of the Nature of Cuckow-pint. 'Tis good in Coughs, Catarrhs, and Convulſions. The Leaves are good for Ulcers, and Venomous Bitings. The diſtill'd Water is good in the Plague, and Peſtilential Fevers. Take of Dragon-water, and Wood-Sorrel-water, each four Ounces; of Compound-Scordium-water two Ounces; of Treacle-water, and Bezoartick-water, each one Ounce; of Prepar'd Pearl one Dram, of Syrup of Gillyflowers two Ounces, of Spirit of Vitriol twelve Drops; make a Julep: The Doſe is three Ounces often in a Day. This is uſed in the Plague.

This grows in Standing-waters, and is full of ſhining, round Leaves, green above, and black below. They are joyn'd together with white, ſmall Threads. It often covers all the Water it grows in.

'Tis Cooling, and good in Inflammations. It alſo cures Children's Ruptures. An Infuſion of it in Whitewine cures the Jaundice infallibly, ſix Ounces of it being taken every Morning, for nine Days, Ducks feed upon it very much.

The Root is Tuberous, white, and ſolid; with ſmall Fibres at the Bottom and Sides: It has a ſweetiſh and pleaſant Taſte: It grows deep in the Ground. The Leaves are cut more ſharp than the Leaves of Parſley. The Stalk is ſingle, round, channel'd, with one Leaf growing to it: Moſt commonly, before it divides it ſelf into Branches, at every Diviſion of the Stalk a Leaf is plac'd, much more cut than thoſe that riſe from the Root. The Flowers are white, and very ſmall. This is one of the Umbeliferous Plants; ſo called, becauſe they ſuſtain their Flowers by long Foot-ſtalks, in a Circle. The Seeds are ſmall, and ſomewhat long, of a Cheſnut-colour. It flowers at the Latter End of May, or Beginning of June; and grows frequently in Sandy and Gravelly Paſtures. When the Seed is ripe, the Superficies withers immediately, the Root remaining in the Ground.

Our Country-people eat the Root raw; but when it is pill'd, and boyl'd in freſh Broth, with a little Peper, it is pleaſant Food, and very nouriſhing, and ſtimulates Venery. Being mix'd with Medicines, it helps thoſe that ſpit Blood, and void a Bloody Urine.

It needs no Deſcription, its curious Smell will not let it be unknown.

The Virtues of the Flowers are much the ſame with Garden-Roſes, but more aſtringent; wherefore they are of excellent uſe in Fluxes of the Womb. The Fruit of it is much commended for its Lithontriptick Virtue. The Heads, when they are ripe, contain a Pulp of a pleaſant, acid Taſte, which, without doubt, is very uſeful in Fevers, and to provoke Appetite. The Conſerve of it is commonly kept in the Shops, and is very good for the hot Scurvy, and for Spitting of Blood. The Root is good for the Biting of a Mad Dog, a ſort of a Sponge grows from the Branches when they are broken or hurt, which is of a reddiſh Colour; which laid on the Pillow, diſpoſes to Sleep. The Aſhes of it cure the Heat of Urine, and kill Worms. Take of the Conſerve of Hips, and Wood-Sorrel, each one Ounce; Conſerve of Berberies half an Ounce, Cream of Tartar one Dram; make an Electuary, with a ſufficient quantity of Syrup of Limons: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg thrice a Day. This is good in Fevers.

Many Leaves, long and broad, come from the Root, and bend towards the Earth; they are acute at both Ends, above of a pale Green, under hoary, indented about the Edges. They have ſhort Foot-ſtalks, from the Centre whereof the Stalks riſe, ſometimes one, ſometimes more; they are ſtreight, hairy and reddiſh, five or ſix Foot high, with ſome Leaves thereon, compaſſing them about at the Lower Ends; they are branched towards the tops, and bear great, large Flowers, like thoſe of our Marigold, of a Golden Colour. The Root is very thick, without brown, within white, and of an Aromatick Taſte, and ſmells ſweet and pleaſantly, eſpecially when dried. It grows in moiſt Meadows, and Paſtures; but it is not common. It flowers in June and July.

The freſh Root being candied, or dried, and powder'd, mix'd with Hony or Sugar, is very good in a Difficulty of Breathing, an Aſthma, and an old Cough. Being taken after Supper, it helps Concoction. It is alſo commended as an excellent Preſervative againſt the Plague. Being taken in the Morning, it forces Urine, and the Courſes. Half a Pint of White-wine, wherein the ſlic'd Roots have been infus'd three Days, taken in the Morning faſting, cures the Green-ſickneſs. A Decoction of the Root, taken inwardly, or outwardly applied, is commended by ſome for Convulſions, Contuſions, and the Hip-Gout. The Roots boyl'd in Wine, or the freſh Juice infus'd in it, and drunk, kills and expels Worms. Wine that is every where prepar'd with this Root in Germany, and often drunk, wonderfully quickens the Sight. Elecampane diſtill'd in common Water, yields a Volatile Salt, that ſmells, and has the ſame Virtue with Salt of Hartſ-horn. Take of the Roots of Elecampane, well cleans'd from the Fibres, as much as you pleaſe; boyl them in Water till they are ſalt, and pulp them through a Sieve; whereof take one Part, and of Hony two Parts; boyl them to the Conſumption of the Moiſture. This is a Preſervative againſt the Plague. Take of the Roots of Elecampane, Oris and Liquoriſh, each one Dram; of the Flowers of Sulphure two Drams, Hony a ſufficient quantity to make an Electuary, Oyl of Sulphure ten Drops; make a Linctus. This is good for an inveterate Cough.

The Leaves, the Branches, and the Bark, are aſtringent. The Leaves cure Wounds. And, rub'd with Vinegar, they are good for a Leproſie. The Bark boiled in Fountain-water, almoſt to the Conſiſtence of a Syrup, and the third part of Aquavitae mix'd with it, is an excellent Remedy for the Hip-Gout, if the Part affected be fomented with it before the Fire. The Water in the Bladders upon the Leaves clears the Skin, it being waſh'd with it; and it betters the Complexion. It helps Burſtenneſs in Children, Clothes being wet in the Water, and applied; but a Truſs muſt be kept on alſo. Take of the Bark of Elm ſix Drams, of the Root of Liquoriſh half a Dram, of Raiſins of the Sun ſton'd number twenty, of Red Roſes two Pugils; boyl them in a ſufficient quantity of Water, to a Pint and an half; diſſolve in it of Hony of Roſes, and Simple Oxymel, each two Ounces; make a Gargariſm.

The Root is fibrous, and full of Milk. The long, broad Leaves like on the Earth, they are like the Leaves of Lettice; ſometimes indented about the Edges. The Stalk is two or three Foot high, ſmooth, channel'd, empty, and has many Branches, and is crooked; being cut, it yields a Milk. The Flowers come from the Wings of the Leaves; they are Sky-colour'd, and like the Leaves of Wild-Succory. It grows in Gardens.

'Tis Cooling, and the Water of it is uſed in Fevers and Inflammations.

The Roots are very long, and ſpread much; they have an Aromatick Taſte. The Leaves are placed upon long Foot-ſtalks; they are almoſt round, yet they are broader than they are long, ſometimes an Hand's breadth, and more; they are thick, whitiſh, or gray, as is the whole Plant. The Leaves are ſharp and prickly. The Stalk is two Foot high, and very branchy. The Heads are placed amongſt the prickly Leaves, at the Extremities of the Branches. The Flowers are white. It has two broad Seeds joyn'd together, which are encompaſs'd by Prickles on every ſide.

Eringo is Epatick, Nephretick, and Alexipharmick. It forces Urine, and the Courſes: It expels Wind, and eaſes Gripes, and cures the Jaundico. The Roots of it candied are accounted excellent Sweet-meats, and are Provocatives to Venery, and are good Preſervatives againſt the Plague, and the Contagion of the Air; and are good for Conſumptive People. The Root candied, cures a Gonorrhea, and is uſeful in the French Pox. And, uſed in the form of a Cataplaſm, and applied to the Belly, it prevents Abortion.

'Tis a ſmall Plant, an Hand and an half high. The Root is ſingle, and crooked; it has a few large Fibres; 'tis woody, and white. The Stalks are roundiſh, hairy, and, where the Sun ſhines, purpliſh. They have many Branches, which come from the Wings of the Leaves, that are longer ſometimes than the middle Stalk. The Leaves are placed by Pairs, on the Stalk, oppoſite to one another, without Foot-ſtalks, and are like the Leaves of Chick-weed; they are of a deep Green, they ſhine, are wrinkly, indented, and hairy under, and of a fat and bitteriſh Taſte. The little Flowers come from the Wings of the Leaves; they are white, ſtreak'd within with purple Lines, and a yellow Spot is in the middle. The Seeds are oblong, and of an Aſh-colour. It grows commonly in barren Paſtures, and flowers about the middle of Summer.

Eye-bright, which Way ſoever it is taken, either in a Powder by it ſelf, or in White-wine, or the Juice, or the diſtill'd Water, wonderfully ſtrengthens the Eyes, and repairs a weak Sight. 'Tis applied outwardly, being bruis'd, for Inflammations, and Dimneſs of Sight: Or the Juice is drop'd into the Eye: But eſpecially the Water. Take of Eye-bright two Ounces, Mace half an Ounce; make a fine Powder: Some add to it Fennel-ſeed and Sugar. This is good for Dimneſs of Sight: Take one Dram of it Night and Morning; but the Body muſt be firſt well purg'd. Fabritius Hildanus, who is an Author of the firſt Rank, ſays, That the Virtues of Eye-bright are ſo effectual in Weakneſs of Sight, that he had obſerv'd ſome of Seventy Years of Age to have recover'd their Sight (which they had loſt by long Watchings, and much Study) by the Uſe of it. The Oculiſts in England, and Beyond-Sea, uſe the Herb in Sallets, in Broths, in Bread, and in Table-Beer; and apply it outwardly in Fomentations, and other External Medicines for the Eyes. Take of Water of Eye-bright, and Fennel, each one Ounce and an half; of White Roſe-water one Ounce, Prepar'd Tutty two Drams, Camphire two Grains; mix them, drop two or three Drops into the Eye, warm, thrice a Day. This is good when the Eye is much bruis'd.

The Root is thick, 'tis cover'd with a black Bark, the Subſtance of it is green: If it be cut, the Juice that comes out ſmells ſtrong, like Pitch. The Stalk is three or four Foot high, or higher; 'tis branchy. The Umbels, or Tufts, are very large. The Flowers are yellow, and have yellow Threads. The Leaves are large, and divided into three Parts; and each Diviſion is again divided into three other Parts. The Seeds are thin, flat and yellowiſh, and taſte acrid, and bitteriſh. It grows in Marſhy Ditches, near Shorcham in Suſſex, and near the Thames, plentifully.

It expectorates and expels Choler. 'Tis chiefly uſed in Diſeaſes of the Breaſt, for Coughs, Wind, and Obſtructions of the Liver, Spleen and Reins. It forces Urine, and does good in the Stone. 'Tis uſed outwardly in Headaches. The Ancients reckon'd it was good for all nervous Diſeaſes; as, Lethargy, frenzy, Falling-ſickneſs, Giddineſs, Palſie, and the like. The Conſerve of it is an excellent Hiſterick and Pectoral Medicine.

It has one thin, green, hollow Stalk, divided into Wings and Branches, not above a Foot high. The Leaves are like the Leaves of Meadow-Tree-foil, but they are rounder, and ſmaller; above they are green, below of an Aſh-colour. The Flowers come from the Wings of the Leaves, and are like thoſe of Lupines, and are whitiſh. It has Pods an Hand, or an Hand and an half long, that are plac'd upon very ſhort Foot-ſtalks; they are thin, narrow, and flat; in which is contain'd the Seed, which is oblong, and almoſt fourſquare, and of a yellowiſh Colour, and ſmells ſweet. The Root is ſmall, white, ſingle, and woody. 'Tis ſown in many Places: I never found it grow Spontaneouſly.

The Flower of the Seed, which is only in uſe, mollifies, digeſts, ripens and diſcuſſes; and is Anodine: And the Uſe of it is ſo very frequent, that there is ſcarce a Chirurgeon makes a Poulteſs without it, or its Mucilage. 'Tis alſo often uſed in Emollient Clyſters; for the Muſilaginous Subſtance blunts the Acrimony of the Humours, and keeps the Guts from Eroſion. Take of the Seeds of Fenugreek as much as you pleaſe, boyl them in Water and Hony till they are ſoft; then beat them, and boyl them again with Hony: Spread it on a Cloth, and apply it for the Hip-Gout; it preſently gives Eaſe. 'Tis very good alſo for the Eyes. Take of the Pulp of Sweet Apples, boyl'd to the Conſiſtence of a Poultis, in a ſufficient quantity of Fennel and Vervain-water; ſtrain it through a Sieve, then add of the Muſilage of Fenugreek-ſeeds, extracted in Roſe-water, of the Blood-ſtone finely powder'd, each one Dram; of Camphire, and Prepar'd Tutty, one Scruple; of Bole-Almoniack a little, of Roſe-water a ſufficient quantity: Make an Epithem for the Eyes. For Cold Swellings of the Paps, apply the Flower of Fenugreek-ſeed, mix'd with Juice of Smallage. Take of Flax and Fenugreek-ſeeds, beaten, each one Ounce; of ordinary Barley one Pugil, of the Flowers of Camomile and Melilot, each one Pugil; of Rye-Bran two Pugils; Make a Decoction of all in Water, to half a Pint; in the ſtrain'd Liquor diſſolve the Yolks of two Eggs, Hony of Roſes three Ounces, Brown Sugar two Ounces; mix them, and make a Clyſter. This is good in the Bloody-Flux.

It grows every where near Hedges, and in ſhady Places.

The Root is reckon'd injurious to Women, and occaſions Barrenneſs, hinders Conception, and cauſes Abortion. 'Tis peculiarly good for the Rickets.

It grows every where on barren Grounds. 'Tis the largeſt of all that grows in England. The Root is branchy, and creeping. 'Tis very injurious to Husbandmen.

Of the Aſhes of this, and the Male-Fern, are made, with Water, Balls, eſpecially in Warwickſhire and Staffordſhire; and being dried in the Sun, they waſh their Clothes with them, inſtead of Soap: But before they uſe them, they put them into a light Fire, till they are red hot; and then they will eaſily powder. This Fern is uſed in Suſſex to burn Lime; for the Flame of it is very violent, and therefore very fit for that Uſe. The Root of it reduc'd into Powder, and one Dram of it taken in Water and Hony, kills the broad and long Worms of the Belly. Mounte-banks keep this as a great Secret, and uſe it to kill Worms. The Juice of the Root is good for Burns. Some poor People have been forc'd (in great Scarcity of Corn) to make Bread of this Root. The Aſhes caſt upon Stones, inſtead of Nitre, make Glaſs of a green Colour.

It ſhoots forth, in the Spring, divers rough, hard Stalks, half round, and hollowiſh, flat on the other ſide, two Foot high; having ſeveral Branches of winged, yellowiſh green Leaves on all ſides, ſomewhat like the Leaves of Polypody. From the top of ſome of the Stalks grows a long Buſh of ſmall, green, ſcaly Aglets, which are counted the Flowers and Seeds. The Root is rough, thick and ſcaly, with a white Pith. It grows in Marſhy Places, and amongſt Woods, in many Parts of England.

The Root cures Burſten Bellies, and Ulcers. It does good in the Cholick, and Diſeaſes of the Spleen. The whitiſh part of the Root is very effectual for Bruiſes, and thoſe that are wounded, it being boyl'd in ſome Liquor. 'Tis excellent in the Rickets, a Conſerve being made of the tender Buds of it, and of Aſparagus. Spleen-wort and Hartſ-tongue.

Freſh Figs, if they are ripe, are very ſoon concocted. Galen eat no other Fruit, after Twenty eight Years of Age, than Figs and Raiſins. They are Pectoral, and are uſed by Phyſicians in Diſeaſes of the Lungs. Some Women eat them to facilitate Delivery: And Brandy burnt on Figs, is freqently uſed to cure a Cough. Figs, outwardly applied, ripen, mollifie, and attract. Being beat with Leaven and Salt, they break Peſtilential Buboes, and other Tumours, in a few Days. King Hezekiah uſed the ſame Medicine, with Advice of the Prophet, 2 King. 20. 7. 'Tis ſaid that Figs, frequently eaten, breed Lice. The Juice of the Fig-tree is very biting, and may be reckon'd amongſt the Cauſticks; and may be uſed to cure Warts, and other ſordid Excreſcencies of the Skin. Take of Raiſins of the Sun ſtoned, one Ounce; of Sebeſtens and Jujubes, each fifteen, Dates ſix, fat Figs eight, French-Barley one Ounce, Liquoriſh half an Ounce, of the Leaves of Maiden-hair, Hyſſop, Seabious and Colt's-foot, each one Handful; boyl them in three Pints of Fountain-water, till a third part be conſumed: The Doſe is eight Spoonfuls thrice a Day. This is the Pectoral Decoction of the London-Diſpenſatory.

It has a ſtinking Smell, like Elder. The Root creeps awry, is white, and pretty thick, and branches out unequally. The Stalk is firm, ſtreight, four-ſquare, hollow and Purpliſh, about four Foot high, and is divided into Wings. The Leaf is large, ſharp, indented, and of a dark-green Colour. The Flowers are placed on hairy Foot-ſtalks, in a Five-leav'd Cup, and they are of a purple Colour. It grows in Hedges, and amongſt Buſhes frequently.

This, and ſome other Herbs, do good in the King's-Evil; but nothing has been found ſo effectual, as Touching: And he that, on Trial, ſhall find the Contumaciouſneſs of this Diſeaſe, which frequently deludes the beſt Care and Induſtry, will find Reaſon of Acknowledging the Goodneſs of God, who has dealt ſo bountifully with this Nation, in giving the Kings of it, at leaſt, from Edward the Confeſſor, downwards, if not for a longer Time, an extraordinary Power in the miraculous Cures thereof. This our Chronicle has all along teſtified; and the Perſonal Experience of many Thouſands, now living, can witneſs the ſame. 'Tis alſo uſeful in Cancers, and Eating Ulcers. The Powder of the dried Root, applied to the Piles, dries them up. A Dram of it taken inwardly, expels Worms. The Water diſtill'd from the Root, cures a Red Face. An excellent Ointment is made of this Herb, for curing the Itch: It is compoſed as follows; In May take the Herb, with the Root, and, well waſh'd and cleans'd, beat them in a Mortar; keep the Juice in a Glaſs, well ſtop'd, for a Year; and when you would prepare the Ointment, take of the Juice of Wax, and Oyl, equal parts, and boyl them to an Ointment. For the King's-Evil make the following Plaſter: Take one Pound of Lard, melted over a moderate Fire; then take of the Leaves of Fig-wort, Hound's-tongue, the Flowers of White Arch-Angel, and Fox-glove; cut them ſmall, and boyl them in the Lard: Do the ſame three or four times, till the Ointment be of a deep green Colour; then add two Ounces of Turpentine, and an Ounce of Verdigreaſe, and a ſufficient quantity of Wax and Roſin; ſtrain it, and make a Plaſter, ſpread on Leather, and apply it to the Part affected.

The Nut is very pleaſant; but if many of them are eaten, they occaſion the Head-ach, Wind in the Stomach, Looſneſs, and the Bloody-Flux. Hoops are made of the Branches: And Painters uſe the Coal of it, to delineate. Gun-powder was made of the Coals, before the Coals of Alder were found more commodious for that Uſe.

It was firſt obſerv'd by Doctor Thomas Brown, in the River Yare, near Norwich. It grows alſo ſpontaneouſly in other Parts of England, (viz.) near Hedley in Surrey, and in Cheſhire. 'Tis eaſily known by its ſweet Smell.

'Tis hot and dry. 'Tis chiefly uſed in Obſtructions of the Courſes, Liver and Spleen, and in the Cholick; it alſo provokes Urine. The Root of it candied, taſtes very pleaſantly, and is grateful to the Stomach. The Turks uſually chew it in a Morning, to prevent Contagion of corrupted Air. The Tartars carry it about with them, and will not drink Water, unleſs this Root has been infus'd in it.

It has a ſmall, white, woody Root, and ſome Fibres. It ſends forth little Stalks, that creep a little, and then riſe an Hand high, or higher; they are ſmall, jointed and reddiſh, branchy at the top, and bending downward. The lower Leaves are roundiſh, and have an obtuſe Point; the upper, on the Stalks, are plac'd by Pairs, oppoſite to one another; there are many of them, they are ſmall, and half an Inch long; ſmooth, and without Foot-ſtalks. The Flowers have five white Leaves, and are placed on ſmall Foot-ſtalks. The Taſte of the whole Plant is bitter, and nauſeous. It flowers at the Beginning of June. It grows commonly in dry and hilly Paſtures.

The whole Herb infus'd in Whitewine, for a whole Night, over hot Aſhes, purges ſtrongly Watery Humours. Take of Purging-Flax one Handful, of Sweet-Fennel-ſeeds two Drams; boyl them in a ſufficient quantity of Fountain-water, to ſix Ounces; add two Ounces of Whitewine: make a purging Potion.

The Root is thick, and ſpreads much; ſending forth hollow and creſted Stalks, three Foot high, with many Joints and Branches, bearing two long Leaves at each Joint, which are indented about the Edges; green on the upper ſide, and grey or woolly underneath. At the tops of the Stalks and Branches ſtand many ſmall, yellow Flowers together, like thoſe of Rag-wort. The Seeds, when ripe, fly away with the Wind. It grows in the Fen-ditches, and on the Banks, in the Iſle of Ely; but not very common. It grows chiefly near Stretbam-Ferry.

The Herb being ſpread under-foot, or burnt, in any Place, will, as it is believ'd, drive away venomous Creatures and Fleas and kill Gnats; wherefore 'tis called Flea-bane. Some prepare an Ointment of the Root and Leaves for the Itch.

It is two or three Foot high. It has many hard, woody Branches; they are round, and a little hairy. The Leaves are cut ſmall, like Roman-Wormwood; it taſtes ſomewhat acrid. The Flowers are many, ſmall, and yellowiſh. The Pods ſucceed the Flower; they are about an Inch long, and very ſmall. The Seed is very ſmall, and brown. The Root is white. It grows in ſtony and gravelly Places, and on Stone-Walls, and in untill'd Grounds.

A Dram of the Seed is very good for a Looſneſs: And not only the Seed, but the whole Herb, is commended for the Fluxes of the Belly, and the Bloody Flux. 'Tis uſed in Plaſters for Wounds, and ſordid Ulcers. In Yorkſhire they uſe the Seed to expel Gravel, with good Succeſs.

It grows almoſt every where, in Marſhy Places, and upon the Banks of Rivers.

Whether it be hot, or cold, Botaniſts do not agree; but almoſt all allow it very aſtringent, and the Taſte of it confirms as much; wherefore it is commended for the Bloody-Flux, and other Fluxes of the Belly and Womb: And it ſtops Blood, and therefore is uſeful to prevent the Bloody-Flux, and Bleeding: The Sick muſt have it hang'd about him▪ So that it is plain that the Apothecaries were in a great Errour formerly, when they uſed this Root (which has quite contrary Faculties) for the Root of the Sweet-ſmelling Flag. The Highlanders in Scotland make excellent Ink with this Root, infus'd, or a little boyl'd in Water twenty four Hours, by rubbing a white, rough Stone upon a Knife, or a piece of good Steel in it, for ſome Hours.

It creeps with Twigs on the Superficies of the Ear • h, and ſends down Roots from the Joints. Theſe little Stalks, or Twigs, are ſmall, round, long, hairy, and jointed. The Leaves are placed by Pairs, one oppoſite to another, at the Joints; they are hairy, and indented about the Edges; they taſte bitter, and acrid. The Flowers come forth ſpiked from the Wings of the Leaves, compos'd of four ſmall Leaves of a deep Sky-colour, with Threads of the ſame Colour in the middle. The Seeds are contain'd in ſmall Receptacles, like Shepherd's-purſe. The Flowers conſiſt really of one Leaf only; for, tho' they ſeem ſeveral, yet they are all entire at the bottom. It grows plentifully on dry Places, and on Heaths, in Gravelly, Sandy and Sunny Places.

A large quantity of the Decoction of it, uſed for ſome Time, cured a Woman of the Stone in the Kidnies; which ſhe had been troubled with ſixteen Years.

The Root grows awry, and is fibrous. The Stalk is upright, ſometimes four Inches, ſometimes a Foot, ſometimes two Foot high, or higher. Thoſe Leaves that are placed at the Joints are narrow and ſharp, hairy and a little indented; they are larger at the Root. The Stalk ends in a long Spike, full of Sky-colour'd Flowers, flowering by degrees, firſt the Lower, then thoſe that are at top; when they are faded, little, long Threads remain.

'Tis Vulnerary, and Sudoriſick. 'Tis chiefly uſed in Eroſions, and Obſtructions of the Lungs, and Spleen; in the Cholick, and Conſumption; for the Plague, and the Itch. 'Tis of excellent uſe in Cleanſing Wounds, being outwardly applied; and for hard Swellings of the Spleen.

'Tis ſometimes four Foot high. The Stalk is as thick as the Thumb, angled, hairy, reddiſh, and concave. The Root is fibrous, and bitter. The Flowers are placed on a long Spike; they are placed on ſhort, hairy Foot-ſtalks, and hang downwards; each of them has a little, ſharp Leaf joyn'd to it; they are like a Taylor's Thimble; without they are of a Crimſon Colour, except in the lower Part, which, by the mixture of ſome White, is of a Fleſh-colour; they are purple alſo within, but in the lower Part they have ſome white Spots. To the Baſis of the Flowers grow white or purple Threads. The Leaf is oblong, and ends ſharp; hairy, and indented about the Edges; above of a dark Green, below hoary: Thoſe that are at the Root are placed on long Foot-ſtalks, thoſe on the Stalks are ſet diſorderly, and there are many of them. The Cup of the Flower conſiſts moſt commonly of five Leaves: The Margin of the Flower is divided into five pieces. It delights in Sandy Ground. It varies the Flower, and is ſometimes white, but very rarely.

'Tis Vomitive. The Country-people in Somerſetſhire purge and vomit the Sick in Fevers with it. 'Tis very good in the Falling-ſickneſs, if you take two Handfuls of it, with four Ounces of Polypody of the Oak, and boyl them in Beer, and then drink it: For ſome have been cured by this Decoction that have had the Falling-ſickneſs above twenty Years, and that uſe to have two or three Fits every Month. But this Medicine muſt be given only to ſtrong People, for it purges and vomits violently. Being bruiſed, and applied to the King's-Evil, or the Juice of it made into an Ointment, does much good. Some confide very much in the Flowers, in King's-Evil-Swellings: They put a great many into May-Butter, and ſet them in the Sun: Others mingle them with Lard, and put them under Ground for forty Days; they ſpread the Ointment on a Cloth, and apply them to the Swellings, and purge every ſixth Day; and, in the mean while, uſe continually a Decoction of the Herb Robert: With the thinner part of the Ointment they anoint the Red Part of the Swelling; the thicker they uſe on Cloth. A large quantity of this Ointment ought to be provided, for ſometimes it is a Year, and more, before the Cure is perfected. Tho' the Ulcers ſhould grow larger at firſt, you need not be diſcourag'd; for when the Ointment has dried up all the Humour, the Ulcers will heal and skin. This Ointment is chiefly of uſe in moiſt Ulcers of the King's-Evil.

It purges Choler, and purifies the Blood, and is much uſed for a Leproſie, the Itch, and other Diſeaſes of the Skin. 'Tis likewiſe commended for the French-Pox. It opens Obſtructions of the Liver, and cures the Jaundice. It is much uſed in Whey, in the Spring-time. 'Tis alſo good for the Scurvy. The Juice or Water of it, dropped into the Eyes, cures Dimneſs of Sight. Being mix'd with Treacle, it is good for the Plague. An Ointment made of the Juice of Fumetory, and of ſharp-pointed Dock, and a little Vinegar and Hony, cures the Itch. Take of the Conſerve of Fumetory, and Wormwood, each one Ounce; of the Conſerve of the yellow Peel of Oranges and Limons, each two Ounces; of the ſimple Powder of the Root of Wake-Robin, of Yellow Sanders, of Alloes-wood, of the Root of Capers, each one Dram and an half; of Crabs-eyes one Dram, of Salt of Wormwood two Drams, of Syrup of Fumetory a ſufficient quantity; make an Electuary: The Doſe is, the quantity of a Walnut, twice a Day. This is good for the Scurvy.

'Tis hot and dry, and Alexipharmick. 'Tis uſed outwardly, and inwardly, in the Flatulent Cholick, the Worms, for the Plague with Vinegar, and for the Stone, and for the Cough. The Common People uſe it frequently, boyl'd in Milk; and therefore 'tis called their Treacle: But the often uſe of it is injurious, partly by reaſon of the intollerable Stink; but eſpecially, becauſe it occaſions the Head-ach, and Drought; and for that it hurts the Eyes, and the Organs of all the the Senſes. Zacutus Luſitanus relates an Obſervation of an Old Man, who, travelling a long Way in the Snow, was taken deſperately ill; the innate Heat of his Stomach being, in a manner, extinguiſh'd: And when Zacutus had tried all hot Remedies to no purpoſe, he at length, according to Avicen's Directions, gave him Dried Garlick, mix'd with Hony; and when he had uſed this four Days, the Man found himſelf better; and was quite recover'd by uſing it a Month. And Experience teaches the Northern People the Uſe of this Root; for which Reaſon they eat it often. Garlick beat with Lard, and applied to the Soles of the Feet, in the manner of an Ointment, opens the Stoppages of the Lungs. If Garlick be applied to the Soles of the Feet, the Breath will ſtink of it; but the Vapours penetrating the Habit of the Body, do not occaſion that Stink; but Particles of the Garlick are mix'd with the Blood, and, together with it, are brought to the Lungs, and ſo are emitted by Expiration, with the Sooty Effluvia of the Blood. Take Cloves of Garlick pill'd, four Ounces, boyl them till they are ſoft, change the Water twice, pour the Water off, and put the Garlick into a Veſſel; to which put Syrup of Vinegar half a pound; ſtop it up cloſe, and ſet it in a Skillet with Water, put Hay under the Veſſel, and boyl it for half an Hour: Take four or five of the Cloves every Day, and a Spoonful or two of the Syrup. This is much commended for Coughs, and the Worms.

'Tis rooted with a great many Fibres. The Branches bending to the Earth, ſometimes turn to Roots; and ſo by creeping it increaſes. The Stalks are ſometimes two Foot high, downy, round, ſmall, and weak; to which the Leaves grow by Intervals, oppoſite to one another, without Foot-ſtalks; they are indented, hairy, very green, and wrinkly; from a large Baſis, they grow by degrees pointed, but not very ſharp. The Flowers come from the Wings of the Leaves, and grow like an Ear, and ſeem as if they had four Leaves, tho' they have really but one, for they are entire at bottom: They are of a pleaſant Sky-colour, and ſhine, and are ſtreak'd with deep colour'd Lines, and white in the Middle, where is a very ſmall Violet-Pillar, with two Threads, ſuſtaining the white Tufts. The Cup of the Flower has four Leaves. The Flowers are placed upon ſhort Foot-ſtalks, coming from the Boſom of a ſmall Leaf. The Seed-veſſels are flat, and Twins, like thoſe of Speed-well.

'Tis hot and dry, and ſomewhat bitter. 'Tis good for a Cough, at the Beginning of a Dropſie, for an ill Habit of Body, the Green-ſickneſs, an hard Spleen, the Strangury, and Obſtructions of the Bowels. The Garden-Germander provokes Urine and Sweat powerfully; upon which Account it is good in Fevers, for the Scurvy, and for the Blood when coagulated; but eſpecially for the Gout, the Jaundice, and Suppreſſion of Urine. It was commended to the Emperor Charles V. as an Arcanum for the Gout. 'Tis outwardly uſed for Eating Ulcers, for the Piles, the Itch, and to dry Catarrhs. 'Tis frequently uſed in a Decoction to open Women's Obſtructions. 'Tis called in Cambridgeſhire Engliſh-Treacle. Take of the dried Leaves of Germander, Ground-Ivy, and White Hoar-hound, each one Handful; of the Roots of Elecampane, and Florentine-Flower-de-luce, each one Ounce and an half; of Anniſeeds bruis'd two Ounces, of Liquoriſh one Ounce and an half, of Raiſins of the Sun three Ounces; hang all theſe in a Bag, in a Glaſs that has a large Mouth, and put three Quarts of Lime-water to it; ſtop it cloſe, and ſet it in a cold Place; pour out the Liquor as you uſe it: The Doſe is four Ounces thrice a Day. This is good for Catarrhs, and Ulcers of the Lungs.

Any part of this Plant being cut, yields a white Milk, which ſoon turns yellow, and clammy. The Root is ſtreight, about the bigneſs of a Finger. The Stalks are empty, and branchy; larger and ſtronger-than thoſe of Scorzonera. It has many Leaves, that are like the Leaves of Leeks, which are ſometimes very broad, ſometimes long, narrow, and ſharp. The Flowers are placed on the top of the Stalks and Branches, and conſiſt of eight, nine, or ten green Leaves; they are long and ſharp, above three Inches long, of a deep purple or Sky-colour, and at laſt turn into a ſoft Down, to which the Seed adheres; 'tis two Inches long, round, ſtreak'd and rough, and black when ripe.

The Root boyl'd is reckon'd delicate Food; 'tis alſo uſed raw in Sallets. It nouriſhes much, and therefore good for Conſumptive People. 'Tis uſed in Diſeaſes of the Breaſt, and for a Cough, and Difficulty of Breathing. 'Tis ſuppoſed to expel the Stone, and to force Urine. The Juice of the Root, and the diſtill'd Water of it, do the ſame.

It ſpreads a ſmall, white Root in the Earth. The Stalks are four Foot high, or higher, channell'd, empty, and has many Branches. The Leaves are like the Leaves of a Vetch, they have a ſoft, little Thorn at the end of them. The Flowers are placed upon peculiar Twigs, ariſing from the Wings of the Leaves; they grow one above another, like the many flower'd Vetch, and are of a whitiſh Colour. The Pods are round, ſmall, long, and upright, wherein is contain'd the Seed.

'Tis Alexipharmick, and Sudorifick. It expels Poyſon, and cures the Plague. 'Tis uſed in Children's Convulſions; a Spoonful of the Juice may be given at a time. 'Tis good for the Worms, and for the Biting of Serpents. The raw Herb, or when it is boyl'd, is alſo eaten in theſe Caſes. The diſtill'd Water of it is uſed to expel Contagion, and in Children's Convulſions. The Honourable Mr. Boyle commends it much, from his own Experience, in curing Peſtilential and Malignant Diſeaſes. 'Tis one of the Ingredients in the London-Plague-Water. Take of the Roots of Angelica, Maſter-wort, Butter-bur, and Peony, each half a Pound; of Athamantick Spikenard, and of Scorzonera, each four Ounces; of Virginian Snake-weed two Ounces; of the Leaves of Rue, Roſemary, Balm, Carduus Benedictus, Scordium, Marigolds and their Flowers, Dragons, Goat's Rue, and Mint, each four Handfuls; pour upon them four Gallons of the beſt Brandy, let them infuſe gently in B. M. (the Veſſel being cloſe ſtop'd) for three Days; draw off four Gallons, wherein hang in a Bag half an Ounce of Saffron; to every Pint of this, add an Ounce and an half of Fine Sugar.

The Root is brown, and has many whitiſh Fibres, and is jointed, and grows awry. The Stalks are ſtiff, upright, five or ſix Foot high, channell'd, a little hairy, and full of a fungous Pith. The Leaves that come from the Roots, and thoſe that grow on the Stalks, are placed alternately, on long Foot-ſtalks; and ſometimes they have none at all, or very ſhort ones: Thoſe that are at bottom are almoſt an Hand's breadth, and about twice as long; but here in England they are not ſo long, nor ſo broad: The uppermoſt are of a dark-Green, hairy on both ſides, and indented about the edges. The Flowers are many, and grow on the tops of the Stalks, and on peculiar Foot-ſtalks ariſing from the Wings of the Leaves; they are yellow, and at laſt turn into a kind of Down. It grows commonly upon Heaths, and in Hilly Woods and Groves. It flowers in Auguſt. The Flowers ſometimes vary.

'Tis an excellent Wound-herb, either taken inwardly, or outwardly applied. 'Tis Lithontriptick, and Diuretick. Two Drams of the Powder being taken in White-wine, hot, every Morning. 'Tis very cleanſing, and drying. 'Tis good in the Obſtructions of the Bowels, and for thoſe that are inclin'd to a Dropſie, and for ſtopping all Fluxes of the Womb or Belly, and inward Bleedings.

The Root is about the thickneſs of the Thumb, woody and Perennial, and has ſome Fibres on the Sides. It has many Stalks two or three Foot high, ſtreight, firm, round, rough and branchy. It has many Leaves, plac'd diſorderly; they are long, narrow, and end in a ſharp Point, and have no Foot-ſtalks: Thoſe that are at the top of the Stalks and Branches are broader, and ſhorter, and of a deeper Green. The little Flowers are placed on ſhort Foot-ſtalks, and come from the Wings of the Leaves; they are white, and conſiſt of one Leaf, divided into five blunt pieces. The Cup is hairy, and conſiſts of five narrow Jags. Four Seeds ſucceed each Flower; they are of an Aſh-colour, very hard, and look as if they were poliſh'd. It grows near Hedges in dry Grounds, near High-ways, and in Buſhes. It flowers in May and June.

The Seed of it cleanſes the Reins, and provokes Urine; breaks the Stone, and expels it. Two Drams of the Seed, or more, may be given at a time. Matthiolus preſcribes it for Women in Labour, in a Woman's Milk.

'Tis a ſmall Plant, of the breadth of an Hand, and rarely above an Inch, or two Inches high. The Root is long, woody, and ſingle. The little Stalk is round, hairy, and ſomewhat red near the Earth; in other Places green, inclining to a yellow; as alſo are the Leaves, which are placed at ſmall Diſtances, at the Knots, by Pairs, oppoſite to one another; they are hairy, and reſemble the Claws of a ſmall Bird; they taſte and ſmell like Pitch and Roſin. The Flowers proceed from the Wings of the Leaves, are yellow, and have a broad Lip, divided into two parts, the Upper has red Spots inſtead of an Hood; they have Threads of a light Purple. The Seeds are placed in little Cups, four and four in a Rank; and they are three-ſquare. The Tube of the Flower bellies out, and ſerves inſtead of a Seed-veſſel. It grows in Till'd Grounds, but is rare in England.

It ſtrengthens the Nerves; incides, opens, and is Diuretick, and provokes the Courſes. It expels a dead Child, and the After-birth; and works ſo powerfully, that Women with Child are wholly forbid the uſe of it, becauſe it occaſions Miſcarriage. Boyl'd in Wine, or powder'd, and made into Pills, with Hermodactyls and Venice-Turpentine, does much Good in a Dropſie. Outwardly uſed, it cures Ulcers, by cleanſing them, and taking off the Hardneſs. Take of Ground-pine and Worm-wood, each two Handfuls; of Scurvy-graſs ten Handfuls, of Mountain-Sage ſix Handfuls, ſix Oranges ſliced; put all into a Pye, made of two parts of Barly-meal, and one of Rye; bake it, and after ſhred it all ſmall; then put it into a Bag, and hang it in five Gallons of Midling Ale: After ſix Days, drink of it for your ordinary Drink. This was uſed, with excellent Succeſs, to a Perſon that was afflicted with the Gout and Scurvy.

This grows every where in the Fields, and Gardens, and in Courts, too frequently, all the Year.

The Juice of the Herb taken in Beer, or a Decoction of it with Hony, vomits gently. Outwardly applied, it is good for the Inflammations of the Paps, and for the King's-Evil. 'Tis very probable that it may be uſeful againſt Worms, for Farriers uſe it as a preſent Remedy for the Botts.

'Tis very cold, and ſuppoſed to be poyſonous; yet it is frequently uſed now-a-days for Tumours and Inflammations of the Spleen. Some Phyſicians ſay, it is hot. Outwardly uſed, it is Anodine. A Cataplaſm, or the Plaſter of Hemlock, with Ammoniacum, diſcuſſes powerfully hard Swellings, and a Ganglion. Twenty Grains of the Powder of the Root is an excellent Diaphoretick in Malignant Fevers.

The Root grows awry, and has large, whitiſh Fibres. The Stalk is five or ſix Foot high, ſtreight, round, has Cotton on it, and is purpliſh, and full of white Pith; it has an Aromatick Smell when it is cut, and has many Wings. There are many Leaves upon the Stalks, three upon one Foot-ſtalk, ſomething like the Leaves of Hemp, oblong, pointed, and indented about the Edges, and of a bitter Taſte. The Flowers are placed on tufts, compos'd of five or ſix ſmall purple Flowers. The Seeds, when ripe, fly away with the Down. It grows on the Banks of Rivers and Brooks, and near Standing-waters. It flowers in July.

'Tis Epatick and Vulnerary. 'Tis chiefly uſed for an ill Habit of Body; for Catarrhs, and Coughs; for Obſtructions of Urine, and the Courſes. It cures the Jaundice. Take of the Leaves of Hemp, Agrimony, Hart's-tongue, Speed-well, Colt's-foot, Mouſe-ear, and Sanicle, each one Handful; of the Roots of Madder and Charvil, each one Ounce; of Barley half an Ounce, of Red Vetches half an Ounce, of Raiſins of the Sun one Ounce and an half; boyl them in two Quarts of Fountain-water, till half is conſum'd; ſweeten it with Hony. This is uſed in an Empyema.

It grows commonly in Hedges. It has a ſmall Root. The Stalks are ſometimes nine Inches, ſometimes two Foot high; they are hairy, knotted, reddiſh, eſpecially about the Joints; they branch out. The Leaves come partly from the Root, and partly from the Joints; they are hairy, and are plac'd on reddiſh, hairy Foot-ſtalks, and are divided almoſt like the Leaves of Feverfew; they ſmell like Parſnips when they are rub'd, and taſte aſtringent. The Flowers are purple, and conſiſt of five Leaves; they come from a Cup that is hairy, of a deep red Colour, and divided into five Parts. The Beaks are ſharp-pointed.

'Tis Vulnerary. Inwardly taken, or outwardly applied, it ſtops Fluxes of Blood, and reſolves coagulated Blood. It cleanſes Wounds and Ulcers. It expels Gravel, and cures Cholical Pains. 'Tis alſo commended for Ruptures. 'Tis uſed outwardly in an Eriſipelas, and for Ulcers of the Mouth and Paps. Country-people make a Decoction of it for Cattle, when they void Blood by Urine.

The Berries are uſeful in the Cholick, for they purge groſs and pituitous Humours by Stool, ten or twelve being▪ taken at a time. This Tree is fitteſt to make Arbours, in the Northern Parts eſpecially; for it will endure Cold very well, it continues always green, is very pleaſant to the Sight, and will bear Sheering: It grows very ſlowly, ſo that it will not be injurious to a Garden, either by reaſon of its Luxuriant Branches, or ſpreading Roots.

It heats and dries much: 'Tis Splenatick, and very Diuretick. 'Tis chiefly uſed in an Aſthma, and for a Cough. It dries moiſt and ſordid Ulcers. It cures Scabs, and other Diſeaſes of the Skin. It helps Difficulty of Breathing, and haſtens Delivery, and expels Gravel. The diſtill'd Water, and the Juice of it, is in uſe. The Leaves alſo are frequently uſed in Gargariſms; but ſome think they are too hot and acrid for ſuch an Uſe.

They preſerve Beer, and make it more wholſom, and better taſted; and render it Diuretick. Beer purges the Blood, is good in the Jaundice, and for Hypochondriack Diſeaſes: But whether it expels Gravel, or generates it, is much diſputed by ſome: They that commend it for the Stone, argue from its being hot and Diuretick: They that condemn the uſe of it in the Stone, ſay, that it makes the Fits worſe; and that Ale, on the contrary, mitigates the Pain. Beſides, they ſay that the Stone is much increas'd in England ſince the uſe of Hops. But I agree with thoſe that approve and commend the uſe of it in Beer; for the Beer is thereby render'd more agreeable to the Stomach, and promotes the Concoction of the Meat the better. Nor does it avail any thing, that Phyſicians forbid the uſe of Beer in the Stone, and preſcribe Ale; for they do ſo only to leſſen the Pain; for which Intention Ale is very proper, by reaſon of its Smoothneſs; but it does no way conduce towards the Eradicating the Diſeaſe, or Removing the Cauſe; but rather promotes the Growth of it, by its being clammy, and apt to ſtick to it: And it plainly appears by Mr. Graunt's Obſervations on the Bills of Mortality, that fewer die of the Stone, in London, ſince Hops were ſo much uſed, than before. The Buds of Hops, eaten in the Spring-time, being firſt boyl'd and butter'd, purge the Blood, and looſen the Belly, and open Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen.

Take of Black-Soap, and freſh Hops, each two Handfuls; of Blue-Currants a quarter of a Pound; beat them, and mix them, and apply them to the Wriſts, to cure a Quotidian-Ague.

It has a ſingle, woody Root, with many Fibres. It has many Stalks, a Foot high, or higher; they are downy, four-ſquare, branchy, and have many Leaves on them, two oppoſite to one another, at each Joint; they are roundiſh, wrinkly, and indented, and are placed on pretty long Foot-ſtalks. The Flowers are whitiſh, and very ſmall; they encompaſs the Stalk at the Joints, and have ſhort Foot-ſtalks, or none at all. Four Seeds, joyn'd together, ſucceed each Flower. The Smell of the whole Herb is ſtrong, and ſomewhat offenſive. It grows near High-ways, and amongſt Rubbiſh.

The Juice of it mix'd with Hony, is good for thoſe that have Coughs, and are Conſumptive. The Powder of it kills Worms. Take of the Syrup of White Hore-hound two Ounces, of Oyl of Tartar per deliquium one Scruple; mix them: Let the Sick take often of it, a Spoonful at a time. This is excellent in the Jaundice. The Tops of it infus'd in Wine, and drunk three Mornings, is good to provoke the Courſes, and to expel the Secundine, and to ſtrengthen the Stomach, and to cure an ill Habit of Body. A Conſerve of the Flowers, made with Hony, and an Ounce of it taken in the Morning, for forty Days, cured a Nobleman of a Scirrhus in his Liver, when Chalybeats, and other Medicines, would do no good.

The Root is ſmall, black, jointed, and creeping, and has many ſmall Fibres ariſing from the Joints. It ſprings up with Heads ſomewhat like Aſparagus, which grow into hard, rough, hollow Stalks, joynted at many places, one within another. At every Joint grows a Buſh of ruſty, hard Leaves, reſembling an Horſe-tail. At the Tops of the Stalks come forth ſmall Catkins, like thoſe of Trees.

'Tis very aſtringent, and therefore is uſed to cure the Whites, and Fluxes of Blood; one Dram of the Powder of it, or four Ounces of the Decoction of it in Wine, being taken Night and Morning. Three Spoonfuls of the diſtill'd Water, taken two or three Mornings, cures Bleeding, and Ulcers of the Reins and Kidnies. Outwardly applied, it cures Wounds, even when the Nerves are cut. For Ulcers of the Lungs, drink three Ounces of the Decoction made in Water, or two Ounces of the Juice, Morning and Evening. A Dram of the Powder taken in three Ounces of Plantane-water, Morning and Evening, for ſome Days, is commended for a Conſumption.

The Root is thick, black without, white within; it ſmells worſe than it taſtes, it has an odd, ſweet Taſte. The Stalks are about three or four Foot high; they are divided into many Branches. The firſt Year the Leaves are long, and ſomewhat broad: The ſecond Year, when it bears a Stalk, they are ſharp and pointed, hoary, ſoft, and downy, and ſtink. The Flowers are of a ſordid red Colour, divided, for ſome time, into five pieces; the Flowers and Seeds moſt commonly bend to one part, and each is placed on a Foot-ſtalk an Inch long, which has no Leaf. The Leaves grow alternately to the Stalks, without Foot-ſtalks. It grows commonly amongſt Rubbiſh, and in Fields not cultivated. It flowers in June.

It cools, and dries. 'Tis uſed to ſtop Blood, a Looſneſs, a Gonorrhaea, and Catarrhs. An Ointment made of the Juice, with Hony and Turpentine, is much commended for old Fiſtulous Ulcers. The Pill made of Hound's-tongue is compounded in the following manner: Take of the Roots of Hound's-tongue dried, of the Seeds of White Hen-bane, and of Opium prepar'd, each half an Ounce; of Mirrh ſix Drams, of Olibanum five Drams, of Saffron, Caſtor, and Storax Calamite, each one Dram and an half: The Roots of Hound's-tongue, the Seeds of Hen-bane, and the Caſtor muſt be all powder'd together; but the Myrrh, the Saffron, and the Olibanum muſt be powder'd a-part; the Opium muſt be ſliced ſmall, and diſſolv'd in Roſe-water; afterwards you muſt add the Powders, and with Syrup de Stecade make a Maſs: The Doſe is one Scruple. 'Tis frequently uſed in Catarrhs, and to cauſe Reſt.

It does not grow ſpontaneouſly in England, but it is commonly ſown on Houſes.

'Tis very Cooling, and Aſtringent. 'Tis uſed inwardly in Bilious Fevers, for it quenches Thirſt, and moderates the Heat, the Juice of it being mix'd with Sugar. Rags dip'd in the Juice, or diſtill'd Water of it, and applied to any Inflammation of the Body, eſpecially in the Frenzy, are very beneficial. The Juice of it cures Corns and Warts. For Ulcers of the Matrix, and Urinary Paſſage, take of the Juice four Ounces, and one Ounce of Litharge, and the Yolks of two Eggs; rub them a long time in a Leaden Mortar; then make Application. In Fevers, when the Tongue is dry, and chap'd, dip a Leaf of it in Roſe-water, and apply it to the Tongue, and repeat it often. Take of the Juice one Spoonful, of White-wine two Spoonfuls; mix them together; drop one or two Drops into the Eyes, and apply a double Linnen Rag, dipped in the ſame. This is good for an hot Diſtillation on the Eyes.

'Tis hot, and acrid: It attenuates, opens, and cleanſes. 'Tis chiefly uſed in Diſeaſes of the Lungs. 'Tis frequently applied outwardly to remove Blood that is ſetled in the Eyes. A Bunch of it being boyl'd in Water, and applied hot to the Eye, is alſo very good for Bruiſes.

It ſends forth Stalks, round, channel'd and ſolid; ſmall, and ſomewhat hairy; three or four Foot high. The Root is ſmall, woody and white; and ſtinks like Garlick. The Leaves are firſt round, like Ground-Ivy, but much larger; but ſoon afterwards they are a little pointed, and indented about the Edges; they are of a pale Green, and ſmooth, and ſet on large Foot-ſtalks; the Smell and Taſte of them is not ſo ſtrong as Garlick; they are placed at a great diſtance upon the Stalks. Diſorderly, upon the tops of the Stalks and Branches, are many whitiſh, ſmall Flowers, conſiſting of four ſmall Leaves, upon very ſhort Foot-ſtalks; in the midſt whereof are Tufts, of a Colour betwixt Yellow and Green. The oblong and blackiſh Seed is contain'd in long Cods, that are angl'd, and divided by a Membrane that has two Valves. It grows in Hedges and Ditches.

Country-people uſe it in Sauces. When it is green, it provokes Urine; when dry, it expels Poyſon. Being boyl'd in Wine, or mix'd with Hony, it cures old Coughs. 'Tis excellent for reſiſting Putrefaction: Upon which Account, the Herb it ſelf, beat up with Hony, and the Juice boyl'd till it is thick, are put into Cataplaſms for Gangreens, and other putrid and malignant Ulcers. The Seed applied to the Bottom of the Belly, cures Mother-fits. The Seeds rub'd, and put into the Noſe, provokes Sneezing, and purges the Head. The Herb boyl'd in Oyl and Water, and taken inwardly, relieves Aſthmaticks. Some boyl the Leaves in Clyſters for the Cholick. Nephritick Pains, and the Stone. 'Tis like true Scordium in Virtue and Smell. Fabricius Hildanus ſays, he often found the Juice very good for Gangreens, And none need wonder why the Ancients, eſpecially the Arabians, ſubſtituted this Herb for Scordium; not for that Scordium was unknown to them, but becauſe they found, in a manner, the ſame Virtues in this Plant. Beſides, Scordium does not grow in many Regions, and ſo it muſt be had dry and obſolete; whereas this Herb grows almoſt every where.

It grows to the Trunk of the Eldertree.

Being dried, it will keep good a Year. Boyl'd in Milk, or infus'd in Vinegar, 'tis good to gargle the Mouth or Throat in Quinſies, and other Inflammations of the Mouth and Throat. And being infus'd in ſome proper Water, it is good in Diſeaſes of the Eyes.

They are Cephalick and Cordial. The Syrup is chiefly uſed, and is made in the following manner: Take of fragrant July-flowers, the White being cut off, one Pound; pour on them a Quart of Spring-water, and let them ſtand all Night; then ſtrain the Liquor, and, being gently warm'd, diſſolve therein four Pounds of the whiteſt Sugar, without boiling it; and make a Syrup.

It ſpreads it ſelf near the Ground. The Leaves are like the Leaves of Furze, but not ſo large, nor ſo prickly; they are always green; they are ſtiff, and ſmooth above; they are ſeldom an Inch long, and are very narrow. The Branches are divided into many Twigs. The Berries are many, round, and twice as large as Pepper; when they are ripe they are blackiſh; they taſte acrid and reſinous, with a ſort of Sweetneſs.

The Wood being burnt, perfumes the Air. The Berries are good for a cold Stomach, and are good againſt Wind and Gripes: They provoke Urine, and expel Poyſon, and are good in Diſeaſes of the Head and Nerves. The Oyl of Juniper is much in uſe; it helps the Tooth-ach, and is good in the Cholick, and againſt Gravel: The Doſe is five or ſix Drops, in a proper Vehicle.

'Tis frequently uſed outwardly, upon Iſſues, and for Pains in the Ears proceeding from Matter contain'd within. The Ancients boyl'd the Leaves in Wine, and applied them to Burns, and malignant Ulcers. Some that are afflicted with the Gout apply the green Leaves to the pain'd Parts. A Pugil of the dried Flowers, taken in Wine, cures the Bloody Flux. A large quantity of the Powder of the ripe Berries taken in Wine, is an excellent Remedy for the Plague. A Dram of the Stones taken in Wine, provokes Urine, and expels Gravel. Three of the Stones powder'd, and taken, with a little Saffron, in Penny-royal-water, for ſome Days, in the Morning, ſcarce ever fails to move the Courſes: It muſt be taken hot.

The Berries purge upwards and downwards. The Oyl of the Berries, drawn by Diſtillation, is very good for cold Diſeaſes of the Joints: It provokes the Courſes, expels Gravel, and cures ſordid Ulcers. Take one Dram of the ripe Berries, dried in the Shade, and powder'd, in a Glaſs of White-wine: This is very Sudorifick, and is good in the Plague, and for Pains of the Stomach.

'Tis Vulnerary, either outwardly applied, or taken inwardly. 'Tis alſo Diuretick, and moves the Courſes. 'Tis frequently uſed for Diſeaſes of the Lungs, for Obſtructions of the Kidnies, and the Jaundice, and in Clyſters for the Cholick. The People in the North put it into their Beer, to clear it; and therefore it is call'd Alehoof. The Juice of it drawn up into the Noſtrils, cures inveterate and violent Head-aches. A Tincture of the Leaves, made in Nantz-Brandy, is excellent in the Cholick. Take of the Conſerve of Red Roſes four Ounces, of Flowers of Sulphure four Scruples, of pure Oyl of Turpentine one Dram, of the Species of the Lungs of a Fox three Drams, of Syrup of Ground-Ivy a ſufficient quantity; make a Linctus: Lick of it often in a Day, with a Liquoriſhſtick. This is proper to ſtop a Tickling Cough.

They provoke Urine, and are good in the Stone, a Dram of the Powder of them being taken in White-wine. They are of eaſie Digeſtion, and excite Venery.

The Root is hard, woody, and ſingle, and has many Fibres, and is of an aſtringent Taſte. It has many Stalks; they are ſometimes upright, but they oftner bend towards the Earth, or lie on it; they are above two Foot long; they are ſmall, round, ſolid and ſmooth. The Leaves are placed alternately; they are oblong, narrow, and ſmooth, and are placed on very ſhort Foot-ſtalks. From the Wings of the lower Leaves, at the Knots of the Stalks, come forth ſmall Branches: And from the Wings of the Upper, two or three ſmall Flowers together, on ſhort Foot-ſtalks; they conſiſt of five Leaves, and are of a light purple Colour. The Seeds are pretty large, triangular, and of a dark Cheſnut-colour.

'Tis Vulnerary, Drying, and Aſtringent. 'Tis chiefly uſed for ſtopping all Fluxes. Outwardly 'tis uſed for Wounds and Ulcers, and for Inflammations of the Eyes. A certain Nobleman that vomited Blood, and had uſed other Medicines in vain, was much reliev'd by the Juice of this, in a little Styptick Wine.

This Ladies-bed-ſtraw riſes up with ſeveral ſmall, brown and ſquare, upright Stalks, a Yard high, or more; ſometimes branch'd forth into many Parts, full of Joints, and with ſeveral very ſmall, fine Leaves at every one of them, little, or not at all rough. At the Tops of the Branches grow many long Tufts, or Branches of yellow Flowers, ſet very thick together, one above another; they ſmell pretty ſtrong and reſinous. The Seed is ſmall, and black; and two, for the moſt part, joyn'd together. The Root is reddiſh, and has many ſmall Fibres.

The Tops of it turn Milk, like Rennet. The Herb, or the Powder of it, ſtops Bleeding; and is commended for Cancerous Ulcers.

'Tis Cephalick, and good for the Nerves; and is much of the ſame Virtue with Staechas. 'Tis chiefly uſed in Catarrhs for Palſies, Convulſions, Giddineſs, Lethargy, and the like. It provokes Urine, and the Courſes, and haſtens Delivery: And it is uſed for Flatulent Gripes. 'Tis uſed outwardly in Fomentations. The diſtill'd Water, the Conſerve, and the Oyl are in uſe. The following Medicine is counted excellent to haſten Delivery: Take of the Seeds of Lavender half a Dram, of the Seeds of Plantane and Endive, each two Scruples; make a Powder: Take it in the Waters of Endive and Holly, each three Ounces. The Oyl of it kills Lice in Children's Heads, their Heads being anointed with it. The Spirit of it is moſt in uſe, and is, indeed, an excellent Medicine. 'Tis made in the following manner: Take of the Flowers of Lavender one Gallon, pour on them three Gallons of the beſt Brandy, and ſtop the Veſſel cloſe; let them infuſe in the Sun for the ſpace of ſix Days, then diſtil them in an Alembeck. Take of the Flowers of Sage, Roſemary and Betony, each one Handful; of Borrage, Bugloſs, Lilly of the Vallies, and Cowſlips, each two Handfuls; infuſe all theſe Flowers, gather'd in Seaſon, in a Gallon of the beſt Brandy, and mingle it with the Spirit of Lavender above-mention'd, adding of the Leaves of Balm, Feverfew, Oranges, and Lawrel-berries, each one Ounce: After ſufficient Digeſtion, diſtil them again; and at length add of Orange and Citron-Peel, and the Seed of Peony, each ſix Drams; Cinnamon, Nurmegs, Mace, Cardamoms, Cubebs, and Yellow-Sanders, of each half an Ounce; of the Wood of Aloes one Dram; digeſt them twenty four Hours, ſtrain them, then add of prepar'd Pearl two Drams; of Amber-greaſe, Musk and Saffron, each half a Scruple; of dried Roſes, and Red-Sanders, each half an Ounce; of Yellow-Sanders, and the Bark of dried Citron, each two Drams; hang the Species in a Rag, in the Spirit above-mention'd.

The Root is thick, hard and woody. The Twigs are above two Foot high; they are woody, tender, and white with Down, and are divided into many Branches, and are encompaſs'd by the Leaves, which are about an Inch long, and a little indented; they have a Phyſical Smell, and a bitter and acrid Taſte.

'Tis chiefly uſed in Obſtructions of the Liver and Kidnies, and to cure the Jaundice. It kills Worms. And the dried Leaves do good for the Whites.

'Tis about four Foot high, or higher. The Stalk is ſometimes ſingle, and ſometimes divided into Branches. The Bark is whitiſh. The Stalk bends eaſily, but is hard to break. The Leaves are placed at the top of the Stalk; they are like Laurel-leaves. The whole Plant taſtes hot.

Being chew'd, it inflames the Jaws. Taken inwardly, it provokes Vomiting; and hurts and burns the Stomach, and inward Parts; and therefore, by reaſon of its great Acrimony, 'tis ſeldom preſcrib'd by Phyſicians. The Powder of it infus'd in Vinegar, and ſprinkled upon Cancers, does good before they are ulcer'd.

They have the ſame Virtue with Onions.

It has a ſmall, white, fibrous Root. The Stalk is angular, and about an Hand high. The Leaves are like the Leaves of the ſmalleſt Water-Plantane. It has ſmall, white Bell-Flowers, of a pleaſant Smell.

The Flowers and Leave are counted good in Apoplexies, Palſies, for the Falling-ſickneſs, and Giddineſs, and other cold Diſeaſes of the Head. Take of Conſerve of Lilly of the Vallies ſix Ounces, of the Powder of the Root of Male-Peony half an Ounce, of Humane-skull prepar'd three Drams, of the Seeds and Flowers of Male-Peony powder'd, each two Drams; of Red Coral prepar'd, of Pearl, and the whiteſt Amber, each one Dram; of Salt of Coral four Scruples, of the Syrup of the Flowers of Male-Peony a ſufficient quantity; make an Electuary: The Doſe is two Drams, Morning and Evening. This is commended in an Apoplexy.

The Roots, the Leaves, the Flowers, and Seeds of the Yellow and White Water-Lilly are uſed in Fluxes; eſpecially for a Gonorrhaea, and nocturnal Pollutions. They are ſaid to leſſen Venery. The Root of the White Water-Lilly moderates the Flux of the Courſes. Take of the Waters of Purſlane, Lettice, Roſes and Water-Lillies, each one Ounce; of Syrup of Violets, and of Water-Lillies, each ſix Drams; of Sal prunella one Dram: Take this often, and it will cure the Heat of Urine.

The diſtill'd Water of it is given to Women that have hard Labours, and to expel the After-birth. The Root is commonly uſed in Cataplaſms to aſſwage Pain, and to ripen Tumours. The Oyl of Lillies ſerves for the ſame purpoſe. 'Tis ſaid, many People in Dropſies have been cured with the Juice mix'd with Barly-flower, and made into Bread; which Bread they muſt uſe only for the ſpace of a Month, or ſix Weeks.

The Bark and the Leaves repel, and dry, and provoke Urine, and the Courſes. A Mucilage of the Bark does much Good in Burns and Wounds. The Leaves rub'd, and ſprinkl'd with Water, diſcuſs Swellings of the Feet. The Flowers are Cephalick, and ſmell ſweet. The diſtill'd Water of them is frequently uſed for the Falling-ſickneſs, Giddineſs, and Apoplexies: The Doſe is one Ounce, or one Ounce and an half. Women uſe it to beautifie their Faces: And ſome take it for the Gripes. The Berries powder'd, are much commended for the Bloody-Flux, and other Fluxes of the Belly. Being rub'd with Vinegar, and put up the Noſtrils, they ſtop Bleeding at the Noſe: And ſome of them taken inwardly, do the ſame.

'Tis good for the Lungs, and the Reins. It mitigates Acrimony, and helps Expectoration, and gently looſens Children's Bellies. 'Tis chiefly uſed for Coughs, Hoarſneſs, Conſumption, Pleuriſie, Eroſions of the Bladder, and Sharpneſs of Urine. Syrup of Liquoriſh is made in the following manner: Take of Green Liquoriſh, cleanſed and bruis'd, two Ounces; of White Maiden-hair one Ounce, of Hyſſop half an Ounce; pour on them three Pints of hot Fountain-water, let them ſtand in Infuſion twenty four Hours; ſtrain it, and clarifie it; and with the beſt Hony, and Fine Sugar, each ten Ounces, make a Syrup, according to Art.

The Root of it is as fine as Silk. The Leaves are a Fingers-breadth, and twice as long, or longer; above they are green, or a little yellowiſh; they are ſcaly, like the Skin of a Serpent; they have no Flowers. The Stalk is white, firm and juicy, and about four Inches long; upon which there is, as it were, a ſmall Fungus. It grows in ſhady, wet places, among Stones. It taſtes a little bitteriſh, and aſtringent.

'Tis chiefly uſed in Obſtructions of the Liver and Bladder. 'Tis good in the Jaundice, for the Itch, and a Gonorrhaea. Outwardly applied, it ſtops Blood in Wounds.

The Stalk is as high as a Man, thick-jointed, hollow, and channel'd. The Leaves are large, and divided into Wings; they are of a ſhining Green, and of a ſtrong Smell. At the top of the Stalks and Branches are large Tufts of yellow Flowers. The Seed is pretty large, and flat. The Root is thick, and woody.

'Tis Alexipharmick, Diuretick, and Vulnerary. It ſtrengthens the Stomach, and does good in an Aſthma. It forces the Courſes, and the Monthly Purgations; and expels a dead Child. It opens Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen; and cures the Jaundice. 'Tis uſed outwardly, in Baths, and Cataplaſms for the Womb. The Virtues of it are much the ſame with Angelica, and Maſter-wort. Half a Dram of the Seed provokes the Courſes. The Juice of the Leaves expels the After-birth.

It grows on old Oaks and Beeches, in dark, ſhady, old Woods. It has broad, grayiſh, rough Leaves, variouſly folded, crumpl'd and gaſh'd on the edges, and ſometimes ſpotted on the upper ſide. It bears no Stalk, nor Flower.

'Tis Drying, and Aſtringent. It ſtops Bleeding, and cures freſh Wounds. It ſtops the Courſes, and the Flux of the Belly. The Powder, the Syrup, and the diſtill'd Water of it are commonly uſed for Diſeaſes of the Lungs; as, Coughs, Short Breath, Conſumptions, and the like. That which grows on an Oak is excellent in curing the Jaundice: Take one Handful of it, and boyl it in a Pint of Small Beer, in a Pot well ſtopped, till half is conſum'd: Take thirteen Spoonfuls of it warm, Morning and Evening.

Inwardly taken, it kills Worms. But it is chiefly uſed outwardly, in Cataplaſms for Gangreens, and malignant Ulcers, and the like.

'Tis uſed in Vulnerary Potions; but whether it is Aſtringent, or Opening, is diſputed. They that count it Aſtringent, preſcribe it for the Bloody-Flux, the Flux of the Courſes, and of the Hemorrhoids. They that ſuppoſe it is Opening, uſe it in the Jaundice, for the Dropſie, and Obſtruction of Urine. And perhaps it partakes of both Qualities, firſt Opening, and then Binding, as is the Nature of Rubarb.

'The Root is very ſmall, conſiſting of very ſmall, black Fibres. It grows upon old Walls. It has many Foot-ſtalks, that are ſmall, and about half an Hand high, and blackiſh about the Roots, or brown; they are elſewhere green, and ſomewhat divided at top. From the Extremities and Sides of theſe the Leaves grow; they are channel'd, and ſomewhat ſtiff, and indented about the Edges; the upper Part is green, the Under ſprinkled with red or brown Powder, that ſeems fine, and taſtes ſomewhat ſowre and aſtringent, with a little mixture of Sweetneſs. It grows in Cambridgſhire, on the Walls of Cherry-Hinton-Church.

It removes the Tartareous and Viſcous Mucilage that is contain'd in the Lungs; and therefore it is good for thoſe that have Coughs, and Short Breath; and for others that have Pains in the Side, or in the Kidnies or Bladder. It gently provokes Urine, and expels Stones and Gravel; and is of great uſe in Children's Ruptures, the Powder of it being given four Days together. Take of Syrup of Maiden-hair, and of Jujubes, each three Ounces; of Oyl of Flax freſh drawn two Ounces, of Fine Sugar two Drams; mingle them, make a Lohoch: Take half a Spoonful every other Hour. This is good for Coughs, and Pains of the Sides.

It mollifies, eaſes Pain, looſens the Belly, mitigates Sharpneſs of Urine. 'Tis uſed outwardly, in Cataplaſms, and Fomentations, to ripen Tumours, and to eaſe Pain; and in Clyſters, to looſen the Belly in Nephritick Pains. Three Ounces of the Decoction of the Leaves, or the diſtill'd Water of them, with one Ounce and an half of Syrup of Violets, cure Heat of Urine preſently.

The Flowers are Cordial, Hepatick, and Alexipharmick; and provoke Sweat, and the Courſes, and haſten Delivery. The diſtill'd Water drop'd into the Eyes, or Rags wet in it, and applied to them, cures the Redneſs and Inflammation of them. Take of Conſerve of Marigold-flowers two Ounces, Confection of Alkermes, and of Hyacinth, each two Drams; of Pearl powder'd one Ounce, of Syrup of the Juice of Citron a ſufficient quantity; make a Confection: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Night and Morning. This is very Cordial, and refreſhes the Spirits.

It digeſts, and attenuates. 'Tis good in cold Diſeaſes of the Head, taken any way. The Powder of the dried Herb drawn up into the Noſtrils, provokes Sneezing. Take of the Leaves of Marjoram, Roſemary and Sage, each half a Dram; of Tobacco one Dram, of White Hellebore and Ginger, each one Scruple; of Musk two Grains; make a Sneezing-powder.

'Tis Alexipharmick, and Sudorifick. It expels Wind, and is excellent in the Cholick. 'Tis chiefly uſed for the Biting of venomous Creatures, and malignant Diſeaſes. It helps Expectoration, and cures a Stinking Breath, and is good for Flegmatick Diſeaſes of the Head, a Palſie, Apoplexy, and the like. Half a Spoonful of the Powder of it, taken in Wine, an Hour before the Fit comes, is ſaid to cure a Quartan-Ague. 'Tis alſo counted very good for the Dropſie, and long Fevers. A piece of the Root put into an hollow Tooth, eaſes the Pain. 'Tis, in Shape and Virtue, much like Angelica.

It agrees in Virtue and Temperament with Coſtmary.

The Root is ſingle, white, and has many Fibres. It has ſometimes but one Stalk, ſometimes more; they are a Foot high, round, and ſmooth, or with a ſhort Down; they are full of Branches, which come from the Wings of the Leaves, and grow higher than the Stalks. The Leaves are placed alternately; they are cut into narrow and ſharp Jags, and are of a pale-green Colour; they ſtink. Upon the top of the Stalks and Branches grow pretty large Flowers; they are placed upon long Foot-ſtalks, their Leaves are white, the Diſh or Bottom is yellow; when the Flowers fade, the Diſh grows round. It grows commonly amongſt Corn, and in Till'd Grounds.

The Decoction of this Herb is uſed by ſome ſucceſsfully for the King's-Evil.

Medlars ſtop Vomiting, and all Fluxes of the Belly.

The Root is white, ſmall, clammy, and has ſhort Fibres. It has many Stalks, two or three Foot high, or higher, ſmooth, round, channel'd, empty, weak and branchy. The Leaves are placed alternately, by Intervals, three on one Foot-ſtalk, about an Inch and an half long: The Leaves are oblong, ſmooth, indented, and moſt times gnaw'd about the edges, and of a dull green Colour. The Flowers are placed on long Spikes, that come from the Wings of the Leaves; they are ſmall, and yellow. Short, hanging, wrinkl'd Cods ſucceed them, that are black when they are ripe. The Seed is yellowiſh. It flowers in June and July, and grows amongſt Buſhes, and ſometimes with Corn.

It digeſts, mollifies, and eaſes Pain; for which purpoſes it is commonly uſed in Plaſters and Cataplaſms. To eaſe the Pain in a Pleurifie, the following Fomentation has been uſed with good Succeſs: Take of the Herb Melilot, and true Pellitory, each two Handfuls; of Betony one Handful; make a Decoction, and apply it to the Breaſt often.

They are cold and moiſt, and apt to putrifie in the Stomach, and to occaſion Fevers and Gripes. The Seed is one of the Great Cold Seeds. Take of Seeds of Melons and Pumpions, each half an Ounce; of the Seeds of White-Poppy two Drams, eight Sweet Almonds blanch'd; beat them in a Marble-Mortar, and pour on them gradually a Pint and an half of Barly-water; ſtrain it, and ſweeten it with Fine Sugar; make an Emulſion. This is uſed to cure Heat of Urine.

The Root is thick, and yellowiſh, and has ſome Fibres; 'tis acrid, and bitter. It ſends forth many Stalks that are channel'd, partly erect, and partly ſupine; they have a ſmall Down on them, and are a Foot, or two Foot high. The Leaves are triangular, like Orache, or Cuckow-pint; above they are ſmooth, under ſprinkl'd with fine Flower; they are placed upon long Foot-ſtalks, joyn'd alternately to the Stalks; they taſte ſomewhat nitrous. The little Flowers are placed on the Top-branches, in Cluſters, on an Ear; they are yellow, and have Threads; the come out of a five-leav'd Cup; they are ſo very ſmall, that the Parts of them can ſcarce be diſcern'd. The Seeds are ſmall, and black when they are ripe, and in Figure like a Kidny; they are either included in Membranaceous Bladders, or in the Flowers. It grows in Courts, and Croſs-ways, and amongſt Rubbiſh, and alſo frequently with Pot-herbs. It flowers in April and May.

'Tis excellent for cleanſing and healing ſordid Ulcers. The Leaves boyl'd with Pot-herbs, and eaten, render the Body looſe. It kills the Worms that are in the putrid Ulcers of Four-footed Beaſts, being bruiſed, and applied to the Ulcers. The whole Herb, uſed in form of a Cataplaſm, mitigates the Pain of the Gout; and there is no Danger to be fear'd from the Uſe of it in this Caſe; for it does not repel, but diſcuſſes, and digeſts; and beſides, is Anodine: Which Qualities are rarely found in one Simple. Take of Common Engliſh Mercury, green, without the Flowers, four Handfuls; of Camomile and Elder-flowers dried, two Handfuls; beat them groſly, and boyl them in a ſufficient quantity of Elder-water, till they are very tender; then mix with them of Gum-Caranna and Camphor, each half an Ounce; make a Cataplaſm for the Gout. Take of the Leaves of Mercury, Marſh-mallows, and Pellitory, each one Handful; of the Flowers of Camomile one Pugil; of Carraway, Cumin-ſeeds, and Laurel-berries, each one Ounce; boyl them in clear Poſſet-drink; to twelve Ounces of the ſtrain'd Liquor, add three Ounces of Hony of Mercury, and two Drams of Hierapicra; mingle them, and make a Carminative Clyſter. This is uſeful in the Cholick.

The Stalks are ſometimes two Foot high, and higher; they are ſmall, ſtiff, round, channel'd, hairy, and full of Pith, and divided at top into Twigs. Many long Leaves lie on the Ground, which are finely cut into many ſmall Parts, finer than Tanſie; they are a little indented about the edges: The Leaves on the Stalks are ſmaller and finer near the tops, where ſtand Tufts of ſmall, white Flowers, with a yellowiſh Thrum in the middle; of a ſtrong Smell, but not unpleaſant. The Root is woody, fibrous and blackiſh.

It ſtops Blood. 'Tis uſed for Bleeding at the Noſe, and for all Fluxes. 'Tis outwardly applied for Bleeding at the Noſe, and for the Head-ach; and to heal Wounds and Ruptures.

The Root is woody, white, of a bitteriſh Taſte, and ſomewhat Aromatick. It has many Stalks; ſome upright, and ſome creeping; they are about an Hand in length, and ſomewhat reddiſh. It has many Leaves, that grow alternately. The little Flowers are placed on a Spike, and are of a Sky-colour; and ſometimes white, and of other Colours. The Leaves that grow on the Stalks are oblong, and ſharp; thoſe that lie on the Ground are roundiſh. It grows commonly in dry Paſtures.

An Handful of it infus'd in Wine all Night, purges Choler by Stool very much.

It ſtrengthens the Stomach, takes off Crudities, and the Hickops, ſtops Vomiting, and expels Wind. Two Ounces of the Water taken often ſtops Vomiting. Outwardly applied, it takes off the Hardneſs of the Breaſts, and diſſolves Curdl'd Milk, and prevents the Breeding of it. The diſtill'd Water cures the Gripes in Children. The Smell of it ſtrengthens the Brain, and preſerves the Memory.

Take of Black-Cherry-water, and Balm-water, each three Ounces; Dr. Stephens's Water one Ounce and an half, Spirit of Mint three Drams, Confection of Alkermes two Drams, of Syrup of Mint a ſufficient quantity; make a Julep: The Doſe is five Spoonfuls. This is good for Pains of the Stomach, and for Fainting.

It grows on Apple-trees, Pear-trees and Crab-trees; on Aſhes and Oaks; that which grows on the Oaks is moſt eſteem'd. It grows alſo on the Barberry-tree, and the Haſel.

Bird-lime is made of the Berries. The Wood is chiefly uſed for the Falling-ſickneſs, and is counted a Specifick for it. 'Tis alſo uſed for Apoplexies and Giddineſs: 'Tis taken inwardly, or hang'd about the Neck. In all which Diſeaſes 'tis reckon'd very prevalent by Ancient and Modern Phyſicians. The Powder of it alſo cures a Pleuriſie, and forces the Courſes. Some think that the Miſleto that grows on the Haſel-tree is better for the Falling-ſickneſs, and other Diſeaſes of the Head, than that which grows on the Oak. Henricus ab Steers thinks it does not grow on Haſel-trees till they are about an Hundred Years old. A young Lady having been long troubled with an almoſt hereditary Falling-Sickneſs, and after having been wearied by Courſes of Phyſick preſcrib'd her by the famouſeſt Doctors that could be procured, without at all mending, but rather growing worſe; ſo that ſometimes ſhe would have, in one Day, eight or ten diſmal Fits, was cured only by the Powder of true Miſleto, given, as much as would lie on a Six-pence, early in the Morning, in Black-Cherry-water, or in Beer, for ſome Days, near the Full-Moon.

It has many long, ſlender Branches, that creep on the Ground, with two Leaves at each Joint, oppoſite to one another; they are almoſt as round as a Penny, but that they are pointed a little at the Ends; they are ſmooth, and of a yellowiſh green Colour; they taſte dry, and aſtringent. From the Wings of the Leaves come forth large, yellow Flowers, two moſt commonly at every Joint; they conſiſt of five ſharp Leaves. The Seed is very ſmall, and ſcarce viſible.

'Tis dry, aſtringent and vulnerary. The Flowers and Leaves beat, and applied to Wounds and Ulcers, cure them. Taken in Wine, they cure Dyſenteries, and other Fluxes, and the Whites, and inward Wounds and Ulcers, eſpecially of the Lungs. But it is moſt of all commended for Ruptures in Children, the Powder of it being taken inwardly, or the Herb being outwardly applied.

It ſprings up with one dark-green, thick, fat Leaf, ſtanding upon a ſmall Foot-ſtalk, about an Inch high: But when it is in Flower it has a ſmall, tender Stalk, about three Inches high. The upper part of it, on each Side, is divided into five or ſeven Parts, and ſometimes more, reſembling an Half-moon. On the top of the Stalk are many Branches of ſmall, long Tongues, much like the ſpiky Head of Adder's-tongue, of a browniſh Colour. The Root is ſmall, and fibrous.

The Ointment of it, uſed to the Region of the Reins, is counted a certain Cure in the Bloody-Flux.

'Tis of an Aſh-colour, and like a Cup.

The Powder of it given in Poſſet-drink, or Small Beer, cures the Hooping-Cough by a Specifick Quality: A Scruple of it muſt be given Night and Morning. Or, Take an Ounce of the Moſs, boyl it in a Quart of ſome Pectoral Water, till half is conſumed; then ſtrain it, and make a Syrup with Sugar-Candy: 'Tis good for the ſame.

Moſs of a dead Man's Scull. It being put up the Noſtrils, ſtops Bleeding. 'Tis common in Ireland. The Honourable Mr. Boyle was cured of a violent Hemorrhage by the uſe of it.

'Tis commended by ſome for Diſeaſes of the Heart; but it is peculiarly good for Hypochondriack Diſeaſes. It provokes the Courſes and Urine, and cleanſes the Breaſt of Flegm, and kills Worms. A Spoonful of the Powder of it taken in Wine, haſtens Delivery wonderfully. A Decoction of it, or the Powder mix'd with Sugar, is very good in a Palpitation of the Heart, and for Hyſterick and Hypochondriack Diſeaſes. Farriers uſe it, with good Succeſs, in Diſeaſes of Horſes, and other Cattel.

The Root is about the bigneſs of a Finger, and creeps awry, ſending down ſometimes large, white Fibres, of an Aromatick Taſte, and ſomewhat ſweet. The Stalks are four or five Foot high, of the thickneſs of a Finger, round, channel'd, ſtrong, and ſtiff, of a purple Colour, and with ſhort Down on them, and full of Pith. They have many Leaves, placed alternately; at the tops they are branchy; the Leaves have an Aromatick Smell, ſomewhat like Lavender; they are jagged, white above, hoary underneath. The Flowers are yellowiſh. The Seeds are ſmall, and incloſed in round Heads.

'Tis frequently uſed by Women, inwardly and outwardly, in all the Diſeaſes peculiar to them. Three Drams of the Powder of the dried Herb taken in Wine, is an excellent Remedy for the Hip-Gout. The green Herb, or the Juice of it, taken in ſome convenient Liquor, is of great uſe for thoſe that have taken too much Opium. The Syrup of Mug-wort is made in the following manner: Take of Mug-wort two Handfuls, of Penny-royal, Calamint, Wild-Marjoram, Balm, Unſpotted Ar • mat, Cretick, Dittany, Savine, Marjoram, Ground-pine, Germander, St. John's▪ wort, Feverfew with the Flowers, the Leſſer Centaury, Rue, Betony, Vipers, Bugloſs, each one Handful; the Roots of Fennel, Smallage, Parſly, Aſparagus, Knee-holm, Saxifrage, Elecampane, Cyperuſ-graſs, Madder, Flower-de-luce, and Peony, of each one Ounce; of Juniper-berries, of the Seeds of Lovage, Parſly, Smallage, Anniſe, Nigella, of Cubebs of the true Coſtus, Woody-Caſia, the Sweet-ſmelling Flag, the Roots of Aſarabacca, Pyrethrum and Valerian, each half an Ounce; having cleans'd, cut and beat theſe things, infuſe them twenty four Hours in twelve Pints of clear Water; diſtil them in B. M. and draw off eight Pints of Water; put what remains in the Still into a Preſs, and ſtrain it; boyl ſix Pounds of White Sugar in a ſufficient quantity of the ſtrain'd Liquor, clarified with the White of an Egg, to the Conſiſtence of Tablets; then add the Water before diſtill'd, and make a Syrup according to Art, and Aromatiſe it with Cinnamon and Spikenard.

It has many large, woolly Leaves at the Root. It has moſt commonly but one Stalk, four or five Foot high, round, hairy, ſtiff, and full of Pith. The Flower has but one Leaf, divided into five obtuſe Jags; they ſtand in a long Spike, and are commonly of a yellow Colour. The Seed is ſmall, and browniſh. The Root is white, ſingle, woody, and ſends forth ſome large Fibres from the Sides.

'Tis uſed for Diſeaſes of the Breaſt, for a Cough, and Spitting of Blood, and for the Gripes. Outwardly the Leaves and Flowers are uſed for eaſing Pain, eſpecially of the Piles. The Leaves applied to the Soles of the Feet a few Days before the uſual Time of Purgation, gently provokes the Courſes. The following Drink was preſcrib'd by a learned Phyſician, for a Lady that was afflicted with the King's-Evil. Take of Mullein, St. John's-wort, Agrimony, and Betony, each three Handfuls; Shavings of Firr ſix Handfuls; boyl them in ſix Gallons of Ale. She drank of it conſtantly.

The Duſt is very drying, and aſtringent. It ſtops Blood in Wounds, and dries old Ulcers, and ſtops the Flux of the Hemorrhoids. It certainly cures Chilblains when they are broken: The Sore being dried with a Rag, apply the duſty Side, and let it lie on till they are well; if it chance to rub off, apply it again. This I have often uſed, and it never fail'd me. The Duſt is very prejudicial to the Eyes.

It provokes Appetite; is good for Mother-fits, the Falling-ſickneſs, Lethargy, Palſie, and all other Diſeaſes of the Head, being put up the Noſtrils, or applied in the manner of a Clyſter. It provokes Urine, and the Courſes; and is an Incentive to Venery. It cures Catarrhs, and removes Hoarſneſs. It looſens the Belly, and diſcuſſes Tumours. The Seed of it beat in a Mortar, and mix'd with White-wine, preſerv'd the Lives of many Hundreds that were highly Scorbutical, and in a languiſhing Condition, in a certain Town that was long beſieg'd, and reduc'd to ſo great Want, that the Inhabitants were forc'd to eat naſty and unwholſom Things, whereby they became diſeaſed; and many died before they thought of Muſtard, which grew plentifully in the Town-Ditch; which being uſed as above-ſaid, recover'd them all. Take of Muſtard-ſeed bruis'd two Drams, of the Roots of Garlick one Ounce, of Black-Soap two Ounces, of Black-Salt one Ounce; make a Cataplaſm to be applied to the Soles of the Feet. This is uſeful in Fevers, to draw the Humours from the Head.

'Tis aſtringent. The Leaves and Berries are ſeldom uſed inwardly now-a-days; yet they may be uſed for a Looſneſs, and Spitting of Blood. The diſtill'd Water of the Flowers has a delicate Scent. The Syrup of Myrtles is made in the following manner: Take of the Berries two Ounces and an half, of White and Red Sanders of Sumach, Balauſtians of Haw-thorn-berries, and Red Roſes, each one Ounce and an half; Medlars ſliced half a Pound; beat them, and boyl them in eight Pints of clear Water till half is conſum'd; ſtrain it, and add of the Juice of Quinces, and acid Pomegranates, each ſix Ounces; then make a Syrup with four Pounds of Sugar; the Juices muſt be put in at laſt. Take of Plantane-water, and Cinnamon-water, hordeated, each four Ounces; of diſtill'd Vinegar half an Ounce; of true Bole and Dragon's-blood, each half a Dram; of London-Laudanum three Grains, of Syrup of Myrtles one Ounce and an half; mingle them, and make a Julep: Take five or ſix Spoonfuls every Night, at Bed-time. This is commended for Bleeding at the Noſe.

It has a tuberous Root, and ſmall Fibres. The Leaves are fat, thick and round, and full of Juice, and taſte clammy. It has two or three Stalks that are half a Foot high, or higher. The Tops ſometimes divide themſelves into Branches. It has Flowers almoſt from Bottom to Top; they are hollow, like a Bell, and of a whitiſh Colour. The Seeds are ſmall, like the Seeds of Purſlain. It grows commonly on old Walls.

'Tis cold and moiſt, and ſomewhat aſtringent. 'Tis good for Inflammations, and St. Anthony's Fire. The Leaves and Roots eaten, are ſuppoſed to be good in the Stone, and to force Urine. 'Tis alſo good for the King's-Evil, Kibes and Chilblains, being uſed in an Ointment.

'Tis Diuretick, and Lithontriptick. Eaten with Pot-herbs, it looſens the Belly, expels Gravel, and promotes Expectoration. The Buds are uſed in Broths, in the Sprin-time, to purifie the Blood. The bruis'd Herb, or the Juice, put up the Noſtrils, ſtops Bleeding at the Noſe. It does good in Putrid and Malignant Ulcers, and diſcuſſes h •• d Swellings. The Seed is Diuretick, and provokes V • n •• y, and is uſed in Diſeaſes of the Lungs. Take of the clarified Juices of Nettles and Plantain, each ſix Ounces; of Aqua lactis Alexiteria four Ounces, of Cinnamon-water hordeated three Ounces, of White Sugar a ſufficient quantity; mingle them, make a Julep: Take four Ounces Morning and Evening, daily, for three Days. This is commended for Bleeding at the Noſe. Oyl of Roſes, or Juice of Nettles, cures the Stings of Nettles preſently.

It ſends forth ſmall, woody, brittle Twigs, five or ſix Foot long▪ that encompaſs any thing that is near; others lie on the Ground. The Bark of the young Twigs is green; but the Bark of that which is old is rough and whitiſh without, within it is very green, having a Pith in the middle. The Leaves are placed alternately; they are ſomewhat broad, long, and pointed; with two ſmall Leaves, or rather pieces of Leaves, at the bottom of moſt of them. At the Tops and Sides of the Branches come forth many Flowers; they conſiſt of fine, narrow and long Violet-purple colour'd Leaves. The Berries are red when they are ripe, ſoft, and full of Juice; of a bitter, unpleaſant Taſte. The Root is fibrous. It grows in Hedges, near Water commonly.

'Tis ſaid to provoke Urine, and to be good in a Dropſie, and for the Jaundice. The Juice of the Leaves, ſays Parkinſon, purges much. The Leaves are uſed outwardly, with good Succeſs, in Inflammations, and itching Tumours of the Hands and Feet. Take four Handfuls of the Leaves cut, and four Ounces of Flax-ſeed powder'd; make a Cataplaſm with Lard; apply it hot. This aſſwages Tumours, and cures great Contuſions.

It has a white▪ ſingle Root, with Twigs and Fibres. The Stalk is two or three Foot high, or higher, round, hairy, reddiſh, concave and branchy. The Leaf is like the Leaf of South-thiſtle. The Flowers are ſmall, and yellow. The Seed is oblong, blackiſh, and a little crooked. The whole Plant being cut, yields a bitter Milk. It flowers in June and July, and grows frequently in Gardens.

'Tis reckon'd good for the Nipples, when they are ſore.

The whole Oak is aſtringent, but eſpecially the Bark. A Decoction of it is given for the Bloody-Flux, and for Spitting of Blood. The Acorns are Diuretick. The Water diſtill'd from the Leaves of a young Oak, cures the Whites. Thoſe that Cut for the Stone uſe a Bath made of the Bark, to heal the Wound. Galls grow on Oaks, but not in England. The beſt Ink is made in the following manner: Take of Galls four Ounces, of Copperas two Ounces, of Gum-Arabeck one Ounce; beat the Galls to a groſs Powder, and infuſe them nine Days in a Quart of Claret, ſet it near the Fire, and ſtir it daily; then put in the Copperas and the Gum, and when it has ſtood a Day the Ink will be fit for uſe. Take of the Water of Oak-buds and Plantain, each three Ounces; of Cinnamon-water hordeated, and Syrup of dried Roſes, each one Ounce; Spirit of Vitriol a ſufficient quantity to make it pleaſantly ſharp: Take ſix Spoonfuls Morning and Evening. This is good for an immoderate Flux of the Courſes.

They dry, and are ſomewhat aſtringent. When Corn is dear, poor People live chiefly on Water-gruel: And it is, indeed, very proper Diet for Sick and Well, and yields a good Nouriſhment. The Common-people in the North, and in Wales, make Bread of Oats, and eat no other; and no People in the World enjoy more Health, nor live longer: And, without doubt, this ſort of Bread is moſt wholſom, tho' it is not pleaſant. Beer is alſo made of it. Flummery is made of Oat-meal, boyl'd in Water to a Gelly: 'Tis eaten hot, being cut into Slices, and put into Milk or Beer, or into White-wine, and ſweeten'd with Sugar. 'Tis an excellent Diet for weakly People. Our Phyſicians ſcarce order any Diet but Water-Gruel in Acute Diſeaſes. The Meal is uſed outwardly in Cataplaſms, for it dries and digeſts moderately. In the Cholick, Oats fried with a little Salt, and applied hot, in a Bag, to the Belly, gives great Eaſe, if the Gutts are not ſtuffed with Excrements; if they are, a Clyſter muſt firſt be given. A Bath made of Malt-flower, Hops and Oat-ſtraw, is much commended for thoſe that are afflicted with the Stone; for it wonderfully mitigates the Pain, and forces away Urine, and many times the Stone too.

Onions are hot and flatulent: They are proper for thoſe that abound with cold, viſcid Humours; in whom they procure Sleep, help Concoction, and prevent ſowre Belchings. They open Obſtructions, force the Courſes and Urine, and promote inſenſible Tranſpiration. But they injure thoſe that are Cholerick; they eſpecially diſturb their Heads, and cauſe troubleſom Dreams, and offend their Eyes. Old Women cut a raw Onion, and infuſe it in Water all Night; and the next Morning give the Water to Children, to kill the Worms, with good Succeſs. A large Onion hollow'd, and fill'd with Venice-Treacle, and cover'd, and then roaſted under hot Aſhes, and applied (the outward Skin being pull'd off) in the manner of a Cataplaſm, mollifies effectually hard Swellings, and opens them. A raw Onion pilled, and applied preſently, with a little Salt, cures Burns, if the outward Skin is not ulcer'd; for it draws out the Fire, and prevents Bliſters.

'Tis Vulnerary, and Aſtringent. 'Tis chiefly uſed for healing Ulcers of the Bowels, occaſion'd by the Bloody-Flux; for Ruptures, and Burns. 'Tis excellent for Eaſing Pain, both in freſh Wounds, and old Ulcers. The Herb roaſted under Aſhes, and mix'd with Lard, cures Fellons.

The Root is ſmall, knotted, and creeping. The Stalk is pretty thick, round and ſolid, and about half a Foot high, reddiſh near the Earth, green above. It has four Leaves, ſet directly one againſt another; they ſhine under, above they do not; they are ſomewhat like the Leaf of Night-ſhade, but broader. It has one Flower, like a Star, compos'd of four ſmall, narrow, long, pointed Leaves, of a yellowiſh green Colour, having four other leſſer Leaves lying between them. The Berry is of a black, purpliſh Colour, full of Juice, and of the bigneſs of a Grape; having within many white Seeds.

The Berries and Leaves are Cooling, and Drying. The Berries are uſed inwardly in the Plague, and Malignant Diſeaſes, and upon being poyſon'd. The Leaves are uſed outwardly in Peſtilential Buboes, and other hot Tumours, and in old Ulcers.

The Root and Herb expel Wind, provoke Urine and the Courſes, and open Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen, and are good in the Dropſie and Jaundice. The Seed is good for the ſame Diſeaſes, and for an old Cough, and againſt Poyſon. The whole Herb, outwardly applied, diſſolves hard Tumours; and dries away Milk, being applied to the Breaſts. Take of Parſly-ſeeds three Drams, of Winter-Cherry-berries N. vi. boyl them in a Pint of Milk, and make Poſſet-drink: Take ſix Ounces at a time, ſweeten'd with an Ounce of Syrup of Marſhmallows. This is good in the Stone.

The Root is woody, ſmall, and has a few ſmall Fibres. It has many ſmall, round, hairy Stalks, about an Hand high. The Leaves are roundiſh, divided into three Parts, and are deeply jagged, ſomewhat like Dove's-foot, tho' leſs, and hairy; they are placed alternately; the lower Leaves have Foot-ſtalks, the upper have none at all, or thoſe that are, are very ſhort; above they are of a light Green, below they are whitiſh. The Flowers are ſo ſmall, they can ſcarce be ſeen: And the Seed is very ſmall. It delights in Sandy and Fallow Grounds, and amongſt Corn.

It forces Urine violently, and expels Gravel, a Dram of the dried Herb being taken in White-wine. It may be alſo eaten raw, as a Sallet; or pickled, and eaten in Winter, for Sauce.

The Root is white, and ſingle, and grows deep in the Earth; of a ſweet Taſte, and ſomewhat acrid. It has a great Nerve within. The Leaves that come from the Root are placed on long, hairy Foot-ſtalks; they are long and large, and deeply cut about the Edges. The Stalk is ſingle, round, channel'd, and about four Foot high. The Flowers grow in Tufts; they are white, and conſiſt of five Leaves. It grows in moiſt Paſtures, and near Hedges.

The Root is Emollient, and aſſwages Tumours. The Seed is excellent for Hyſterick Fits.

The Fruit has a ſweet and pleaſant Smell, and refreſhes the Spirits. The Leaves boyled in Beer or Milk, kill Worms, and expel them. The Water of the Flowers takes Spots from the Face. The Syrup is a very proper Purge for Children; and is made in the following manner: Take of the freſh Flowers one Pound, infuſe them a whole Day in three Pints of warm Water, then preſs them out; add the ſame quantity of Flowers five times to the ſame Liquor, and infuſe them as before; then add two Pounds and an half of Fine Sugar, and boyl it to a Syrup.

All ſorts of Peaſe are windy, and therefore are injurious to all that have windy Stomachs, and are troubled with Spleen-wind. Raw Green Peaſe are good for the Scurvy.

It cleanſes and cools. 'Tis uſed for the Stone, and Difficulty of Urine, and for Coughs; and in Clyſters, for Pains in the Belly, Womb and Reins. 'Tis outwardly uſed for Tumours, St. Anthony's-fire, and for Burns. Take of the Juice of Pellitory three Ounces, of the Juice of Limons, and Oyl of Almonds, each half an Ounce; mingle them: Take it Morning and Evening for two Days. This is good for the Stone in the Kidnies.

The Roots and Seeds of Male-Peony are much uſed in Phyſick: They are uſed for Diſeaſes of the Head, and for Obſtructions of the Courſes, and Child-bed-Purgations, and to eaſe the After-pains. The Roots are hang'd round the Neck, to cure the Falling-ſickneſs. The Compounded Peony-water, and the Syrup of it, are much in uſe. The Compounded Water is made in the following manner: Take of the Leaves of Lillies of the Valley, freſh, one Pound; infuſe them in four Gallons of Spaniſh Wine: Take of the Flowers of the Lime-tree half a Pound, of Peony-flowers four Ounces; infuſe them two Days, then diſtil them till they are dry in B. M. in the diſtil'd Water infuſe two Ounces and an half of the Roots of Male-Peony; of White Dittany, and Long Birth-wort, each half an Ounce; of the Leaves of Miſleto of the Oak, and Rue, each two Handfuls; of the Seeds of Peony ten Drams, of Rue three Drams and an half, of Caſtor two Scruples of Cubebs and Mace, each two Drams; of Cinnamon one Ounce and an half, of Prepar'd Squills three Drams, of Roſemary-flowers ſix Pugils, of Stechas and Lavender, each four Pugils; of Betony, July-flowers and Cowſlips, each eight Pugils; add four Quarts of the Juice of Black-Cherries, and diſtil them in a Glaſs. The Syrup is made in the following manner: Take of the freſh Roots of both Peonies, at Full Moon, each one Ounce and an half; ſlice them, and infuſe them in white-wine for the ſpace of a Day; of Contrayerra half an Ounce, of Sermountain ſix Drams, of Elk-hoof one Ounce, of Roſemary with the Flowers one Handful, of Betony, Hyſſop, Wild-Marjoram, of Ground-pine and Rue, each three Drams; of the Wood of Aloes, of Cloves, of the Seeds of the Leſſer Cardamoms, each two Drams; of Ginger and Spikenard, each one Dram; of Stechas and Nutmegs, each two Drams and an half; infuſe them warm, a Day, in three Quarts of the diſtill'd Water of the Roots of Peony; boyl them to four Quarts; ſtrain it, and add four Pounds and an half of Fine Sugar, and boyl it to a Syrup.

It ſpreads it ſelf much by its Twigs, that creep on the Ground. The Root is fibrous; many ſmall, round, green, and jointed Twigs root again by Fibres that come from the Joints. The Leaves grow out of the Joints by Pairs oppoſite to one another, like the Leaves of Lawrel, but much leſs; they are ſharp, ſtiff and ſmooth, and hang on ſhort Foot-ſtalks; above they ſhine, and are of a deep green Colour; they taſte aſtringent, and bitteriſh; below they are of a lighter Colour. The Flower is placed on a Foot-ſtalk that comes from the Joints, two Inches long, one Flower on one Foot-ſtalk: 'Tis like the Jeſſamine-flower in ſhape, and is of a Violet-colour. A Milky Line runs from Bottom to Top, through all the Jags. A forked Cod ſucceeds the Flower, and contains oblong Seeds. It grows in Hedges and Ditches.

'Tis a famous Vulnerary. 'Tis uſed in Fluxes of the Belly, for Dyſenteries, the Piles, Bleeding at Noſe, and for Wounds with Fluxion. 'Tis uſed outwardly for Overſlowing of the Courſes, for Looſneſs and Pains of the Teeth. The Leaves of this Herb put upon Paper that will eaſily receive Moiſture, and ſowed to it, with fine Flax betwixt, and perfum'd with Frankincenſe, cured a Scrophulous Tumour in a ſhort time, which continued obſtinate under the Uſe of other Remedies, for the ſpace of a whole Year.

It has a white, ſingle Root, with ſmall Fibres. The Stalks are an Hand, or half an Hind high, four-ſquare, ſmooth, encompaſs'd by two Leaves oppoſite to one another; they are placed by Intervals, and without Foot-ſtalks; the Underſide of the Leaf is ſpotted with many dark-brown Specks. The Flowers come out ſingly from the Wings of the Leaves, and are placed upon oblong Foot-ſtalks, and are divided, almoſt to the bottom, into five ſharp Pieces, reſembling ſo many Leaves. The Cup is alſo compounded of five acute Pieces. The Seminal Veſſels are almoſt ſpherically round; they are pretty large, and full of Seeds. The whole Plant has an acrid Taſte. It grows in Gardens and Fields. It flowers late, about the midſt of Summer.

'Tis moderately hot and dry: 'Tis counted Vulnerary, and is uſed inwardly and outwardly. It does much good in the Plague, being boyl'd in Wine: But the Sick muſt go to bed, and muſt be well cover'd, as ſoon as he has drank a moderate Draught of it, that he may ſweat. A Woman cured many that were troubl'd with a Pin and Web in their Eyes with the diſtill'd Water of it. In a Conſumption, and for Purulent Spitting, let the Sick drink every Day, Morning and Evening, twelve Spoonfuls of the diſtill'd Water, mix'd with an equal quantity of Red Cows Milk, and ſweeten'd with Fine Sugar: This is an approv'd Remedy. 'Tis frequently uſed for the Gripes of New-born Children. It alſo moves the Courſes. Willis commends the Decoction of it as a Specifick for Madneſs.

'Tis a Vulnerary Herb. 'Tis uſed in Fluxes of the Belly, for Spitting of Blood, Running of the Reins, involuntary Urine, and for immoderate Fluxes of the Courſes. 'Tis outwardly uſed to cleanſe and heal Wounds and Ulcers. The Juice by it ſelf, or mix'd with the Juice of Limon, is an excellent Diuretick. Half a Dram of the Seeds taken daily in Broth, or in an Egg, is good to prevent Miſcarriage. Take twelve Handfuls of Plantain-leaves, ſix Ounces of the freſh Roots of Comfrey; preſs out the Juice of the Leaves, and beat the Roots in a Stone-Mortar; mix the Roots and the Juice, and with a ſufficient quantity of Sugar make an Electuary: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Night and Morning, This is an excellent Remedy for Spitting and Vomiting Blood. Take of Plantain-water two Ounces, of Rubarb powder'd two Scruples, of yellow Myrobalans powder'd one Scruple, Syrup of dried Roſes half an Ounce; mix them, and give it in the Morning; two Hours after let ſome Broth be taken. This is excellent for an immoderate Flux of the Courſes.

There are ſeveral Kinds of them; the Sowre bind, the Sweet move the Belly. The Electuary of Plums, called Electuarium Diaprunum, is made of Damaſcenes, in the following manner: Take of freſh and ripe Damaſcenes, one Hundred, boyl them in a ſufficient quantity of Water till they are ſoft, then pulp them through a Sieve, boyl an Ounce of Violet-flowers in the Liquor gently; then ſtrain it, and add two Pounds of Sugar, and boyl it to a Syrup; then add a Pound and an half of the Pulp above-mention'd, of the Pulp of Caſſia and Tamarinds ſtrain'd, and diſſolv'd in a ſmall quantity of the Liquor, each one Ounce; boyl it again, ſtir it continually, adding the following Powders; Sanders, Red and White, Rubarb, of each three Drams; of Red Roſes, Violets, of the Seeds of Purſlain, of Endive and Barberries, of Gum-Tragacanth, and the Juice of Liquoriſh, each two Drams; of the Greater Cold Seeds, each one Dram: Make an Electuary according to Art. This Medicine is cold and moiſtening, and good in Fevers.

The Root is reckon'd among Purging Medicines; but it purges very gently. 'Tis very proper in Obſtructions of the Meſentery, Liver and Spleen; for the Scurvy, and Hypochondriack Diſeaſes. 'Tis generally uſed in Decoctions, with other purging Medicines. Take of the Root of Polypody of the Oak half an Ounce, of Dodder of Thyme three Drams, of Sena half an Ounce, of Tamarinds ſix Drams, of Coriander-ſeeds three Drams, of Yellow Sanders two Drams; boyl them in fourteen Ounces of Fountain-water till four Ounces are conſum'd; add two Drams of Agarick, and one Dram and an half of Rubarb; ſtrain it, and clarifie it, and add two Ounces of the purging Syrup of Apples: Take ſix Ounces once in three or four Days. This is proper for Melancholy People. Take of the Roots of Polypody, Bugloſs, Scorzonera, Bark of Tamaris, and Roots of Cappars, each half an Ounce; of Spleen-wort one Handful and an half; of Agrimony, Maiden-hair, Balm, Dodder, and Tops of Hops, each half an Handful; of Flowers of Broom and Borage, each two Pugils; the Parings of four Pippins; boyl them, with a Chicken, in Spring-water, for thin Broth: Take a good Draught Morning and Evening, with fifteen Grains of Cream of Tartar diſſolv'd in it, and faſt two Hours after. This is good in Hypochondriack Diſeaſes.

The Bark of Poplar, eſpecially of the White Poplar, or Abele-tree, is uſed inwardly and outwardly for the Hip-Gout, for the Strangury, and Burns. Women uſe the Buds of Black Poplar to beautifie and thicken their Hair: They are good alſo to eaſe Pain. The Ointment is good for hot Swellings, to eaſe the Pain of them: And being applied to the Noſtrils and Temples, it diſpoſes to Sleep. 'Tis made in the following manner: Take of the freſh Buds of the Black Poplar a Pound and an half, of the Leaves of Violets and Navelwort, each three Ounces; of new and unſalted Lard, clear'd from the Skin, and waſh'd, two Pounds; beat them, and mingle them, and infuſe them together in May; add the following Herbs bruis'd, of the tender Tops of Brambles, of the Leaves of Black Poppy, Mandrake, Hen-bane, Night-ſhade, Lettice, Houſeleek Greater and Leſſer, Bur-dock, each three Ounces; after the Tenth Day pour on them a Pint of Roſe-water, boyl them over a gentle Fire, ſtirring them continually, till all the ſuperfluous Moiſture is conſum'd, then ſtrain it, and keep it for uſe.

The Flowers cool, and aſſwage Pain, and diſpoſe to Sleep. They are chiefly uſed in Fevers, for Pleuriſies and Quinſies, and other Diſeaſes (eſpecially of the Breaſt) that need Cooling Medicines. And for immoderate Fluxes of the Courſes, the Powder, the diſtill'd Water, the Syrup▪ and the Conſerve of them, are in uſe; but the Syrup is moſt in uſe, and is made in the following manner: Take of the freſh Flowers of Red Poppies two Pounds, pour upon them two Quarts of hot Fountain-water; preſs them out the next Day, and infuſe the ſame quantity of Flowers in the Liquor as before, ſtrain it, and with a quantity of Sugar equal in weight to the Liquor, make a Syrup according to Art. Surfeit-water is made in the following manner: Take what quantity of Brandy you pleaſe, ſteep a good quantity of Red Poppies therein, the black Bottoms being firſt cut off; when the Colour is extracted preſs them out, and put in freſh, and ſo do till the Brandy has a very deep Tincture; then put in Nutmegs, Cloves, Ginger and Cinnamon, of each two Drams to a Quart of the Brandy; you may add ſome Fine Sugar if you think fit: Keep it cloſe ſtop'd. 'Tis good for Surfeits, for Wind, or Illneſs of the Stomach.

'Tis hot and dry, and of an aſtringent Taſte. 'Tis very good for Flegmatick and Melancholy Diſeaſes, and for Fluxes of the Belly, and to ſtrengthen the Stomach.

The White and Black are Cooling and Aſtringent: They are good for Fluxes of the Belly. The Flowers are Cathartick. The Gum diſſolv'd in Vinegar, cures Tetters. Ropy Wine is cured in the following manner: Take the Fruit, beat and dry it in the Air; put more or leſs of it into the Veſſel, according to the quantity of Wine; it muſt be well ſtirr'd about, and then the Veſſel muſt be ſtop'd up for eight or ten Days, and you will find it ſoon recover'd. The following Plums are moſt eſteem'd: The Red, Blue and Amber Primordian; the Violet-Plum, Red, Blue and Amber, the Matchleſs, the Black and Green Damaſcene, the Morocco, the Barbary, the Myrobolane-Plum, the Apricock-Plum, the Cinnamon-Plum, the Great Mogul and Tawny-Plum, the White, Red and Black Pear-Plum, the Green Oſterly-Plum, the Muſcle-Plum, the Catalonia-Plum, the White and Black Prunella, the Bonum Magnum, the Wheaten-Plum, the Cluſter-Plum, the Queen-Mother-Plum, the Maiple-Plum, the Imperial-Plum, the Peach-Plum, the Peaſe-Cod-Plum, the Date-Plum, White, Yellow and Red; the Nutmeg-Plum, the Turky-Plum, the Prince-Plum, ripe laſt; the Lammas-Plum, the White Pear-Plum, and Damaſcens.

'Tis cold and moiſt. It provokes Appetite. It cures Heat of Urine, and Running of the Reins. The Juice mix'd with Oyl of Roſes, cures Burns and Inflammations. 'Tis good for Coughs, and Shortneſs of Breath.

The Fruit is very agreeable to the Stomach. 'Tis aſtringent, and cures Spitting of Blood, the Bloody-Flux, and all other Fluxes. The Mucilage of the Seeds extracted with Spawn of Frog's-water, is an excellent Gargariſm in Fevers. The Syrup of Quinces is made in the following manner: Take of the Juice ſix Pints, boyl half away, add three Pounds of Sugar, and make a Syrup: The Doſe is one Ounce in ſome proper Water. Marmalade of Quinces is made in the following manner: Pare the Quinces, cut them, and take out the Core; weigh them, and put them into cold Water; take the ſame quantity of Sugar, and diſſolve it with a little Water; boyl it, and take off the Scum; then put in the Quinces, and ſet them on a gentle Fire, cloſe cover'd, till they are of a good Colour, then uncover them; then increaſe the Fire, and boyl them to a Jelly.

'Tis oftner uſed in the Kitchin than for Medicine; but it is good for the Stone, and to force Urine. It ſtrengthens the Stomach, and helps Concoction.

It provokes Appetite, but it hurts the Head. It expels Gravel, and forces Urine, and is commended for Coughs; and is reckon'd a Specifick in the Scurvy. The Compounded Water of it is much in uſe, and is made in the following manner: Take of the Leaves of Garden and Sea-Scurvy-graſs, gather'd in the Spring-time, each ſix Pounds; beat them, and preſs out the Juice; mingle with it the Juice of Water-creſſes and Brook-lime, each a Pint and an half; of the beſt White-wine four Quarts, twelve Limons ſliced, of the freſh Roots of Briony four Pounds, of Horſe-Radiſh-roots two Pounds, of Wake-Robin-roots half an Ounce, of Winteran Bark, and Nutmegs, each four Ounces; infuſe them three Days, and then diſtil them: The Doſe is two Ounces. Take one Spoonful of the Shavings of Horſe-Radiſh-roots, twelve Leaves of Scurvy-graſs, twenty Raiſins of the Sun ſtoned, put them into a Quart of Beer; let them ſtand cloſe ſtop'd all Night, drink of it the next Day, at Meals, and at any other time. This has done much good in the Scurvy.

The Root has many large, white Fibres, that ſtick faſt in the Ground. It has many times ſeveral Stalks, and ſometimes but one; they are round, channel'd, ſometimes ſmooth, ſometimes downy, three Foot high, and ſometimes higher, divided at the top into Branches. It has many long and large green Leaves, lying on the Ground, of a dark-green Colour, rent and torn in the Sides into many Pieces: The Leaves on the Stalks are the ſame. The Flowers are yellow, and conſiſt of many Leaves; when they are ripe they turn into Down. The Seed is very ſmall.

It cures Ulcers, Inflammations, and a Fiſtula. Being applied hot to the Belly, in form of a Cataplaſm, it cures the Gripes.

It ſpreads its Root far and near; they are white, and hard to break. The Stalks are woody, and three or four Foot high, round, hairy, and reddiſh; ſometimes it has Prickles, and ſometimes not. The Flowers grow at the top, like Peaſe-bloſſoms. Small, round Cods contain the Seeds.

The Bark of the Root, and the Root it ſelf, provokes Urine, and expels Gravel, and eaſes the Pain of the Teeth, and opens Obſtructions of the Liver, being infus'd in Wine, or boyl'd in Poſſet-drink, and taken inwardly for ſome time.

'Tis the next Corn in goodneſs to Wheat. Bread made of it is black and heavy, and hard to digeſt; and it purges and gripes thoſe that are not uſed to it; but it keeps moiſt longer than Wheaten Bread. The courſe Flower of it put into a Cloth, and applied to the Head, cures inveterate Head-aches; and ſo applied, is good for Mad People.

It has an oblong, white, thick, Perennial Root, of an acrid Taſte. The Stalks are a Cubit high, channel'd, ſtrong, and full of Pith; with many Wings, wherein the Leaves are; leſſer than thoſe of Radiſh, and reſembling the Leaf of Creſſes at the Extremity of it, by extream Jags; they are of a dark-green Colour, and ſhine; they do not taſte ſo quick as the Root. From the Wings of the Leaves, towards the Top-ſtalks, come many ſmall Branches, whereon, as alſo on the Top-ſtalk, ſmall yellow Flowers, conſiſting of four Leaves, run up into long Ears. The Cods are ſmall, round, and about an Inch long, preſſed to the Stalks, wherein are ſmall Seeds, of a brown Colour. The whole Plant is ſmooth. The Flowers are placed on ſhort Foot-ſtalks. It grows near Ditches, and Rivers, and Running-waters; and ſometimes alſo on plow'd Grounds. It flowers in May and June.

'Tis acrid and hot, and much of the ſame Virtue with Creſſes. 'Tis mix'd with Sallets, eſpecially in the Winter-time, when Creſſes are ſcarce; wherefore 'tis called Winter-Creſs. 'Tis good in the Scurvy. The Juice of it is mix'd with Ointments, to cleanſe ſordid and impure Ulcers. The Seed is Lithontriptick, and Diuretick.

The Root is white, thick and long, and has many Stalks, with many Wings; they are channel'd, and a little hairy. The Leaves are cut in like Dandelion; they are ſmooth, and of a deep green Colour, and taſte hot. The Flowers are yellow. It has long, angled, upright Cods. The Seeds are like the Seeds of Wild Muſtard; they are acrid, and bitteriſh. It grows upon and about Walls, and among Rubbiſh.

'Tis hot and dry. 'Tis chiefly uſed to ſtimulate Venery, and for Preſervation againſt Apoplexies. Outwardly applied, it extracts Splinters of Bones.

There are ſeveral ſorts of Roſes: The Red Roſe, the Damask-Roſe, the Damask-Province-Roſe, the Dog-Roſe, the Pimpernel-Roſe, the Greater Apple-Roſe, the Single Cinnamon-Roſe, the Double Cinnamon-Roſe, the Wild Briar, or Muſcovy, the Virginian Briar-Roſe, the White Roſe, the Musk-Roſe, the Ever-green Roſe, the Single Yellow Roſe, the Double Yellow Roſe, the Monthly Roſe, the Monday-Roſe, the Franc-fort-Roſe, the Hungarian Roſe, the York and Lancaſter.

The Red Roſe is aſtringent, and bitter: It comforts the Heart, and ſtrengthens the Stomach. It cures the Whites, and an immoderate Flux of the Courſes. It ſtops Eruptitions of the Blood, and Fluxes of the Belly. A Decoction of it is uſed for the Head-ach, and Pains in the Eyes, Ears, Throat and Gums. The diſtill'd Water of it is Cordial, and refreſhes the Spirits. The following Medicines are made of Red Roſes: 1. The Vinegar of Roſes, which, mix'd with the diſtill'd Water, is good for Redneſs or Inflammations of the Eyes; and is uſed to bathe the Temples in the Head-ach, and to procure Sleep. 2. Aromaticum Roſatum; which is Cordial. 3. Conſerve of Roſes; which is much in uſe for ſtopping Catarrhs, and Running of the Reins, and Fluxes of the Belly. 'Tis made in the following manner: Take of Red Roſes one Pound; they muſt be gather'd in a dry Seaſon, before they are quite ſpread; clip off the yellow Bottoms, beat them well in a Stone-Mortar, till they come to a Maſs, like a Pulp; then add two Pounds of White Sugar, beat it with the Roſes till it is well mix'd; then put it into a Pot, cover'd only with a Paper, and let it ſtand in the Sun a Fortnight or three Weeks, ſtirring it once or twice a Week. Take of Conſerve of Red Roſes Vitriolated four Ounces, of the Electuary of Saſſafras one Ounce, of Olibanum powder'd one Dram, of Diacodium a ſufficient quantity; make an Electuary: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening. This is excellent for ſtopping Tickling Coughs. 4. The Tincture of Roſes, made in the following manner, is commended for a Rheumatiſm: Take of dried Red Roſes one Ounce, of warm Water three Pints, of Spirit of Sulphure, or Vitriol, one Dram and an half; infuſe them ſix Hours; to the ſtrain'd Liquor add half a Pound of White Sugar: Take a Draught twice or thrice a Day. 5. Strain'd Hony of Roſes; which is good to waſh the Mouth and Throat when they are ſore, or any other Part. 6. Sugar of Roſes; which is good for Coughs. 7. Syrup of dried Roſes; which is much in uſe, and is, indeed, an excellent Medicine: It comforts the Heart, re •••• s Putrefaction and ſtops Fluxes of all ſorts. 'Tis made in the following manner: Take two Quarts of hot Water, infuſe in it half a Pound of Red Roſes, dried in the Sun; the next Day preſs it out, and with two Pounds of Sugar make a Syrup. 8. Oyl of Roſes. 9. Electuary of Roſes. 10. Ointment of Roſes. Of Damask-Roſes are made Syrup of Roſes Solutive, a diſtill'd Water, Aloes Roſat, and Hony of Roſes Solutive. The Syrup is much in uſe, and is made in the following manner: Take of hot Fountain-water two Quarts, of freſh Damask-Roſes as many as the Water will contain; infuſe them in a cloſe Veſſel twelve Hours, then preſs it out, and heat the Liquor again, and put the Roſes in as before, and infuſe them again; and ſo do three or four times, increaſing the Quantity of Roſes as the Liquor increaſes; then add to ſix Parts of the Liquor, four Parts of Sugar, and make a Syrup according to Art. It purges gently: It may be taken, from one Ounce to four. Hony of Roſes Solutive is alſo Purging and Opening, and is often given in Clyſters; and ſo is the Syrup. See Eglantine, or Sweet-Briar.

The Leaves, the Flowers and Seeds are in uſe: They are Cephalick, Uterine, and proper for the Nerves. They are chiefly uſed for Diſeaſes of the Head and Nerves; for Apoplexies, Palſies, Falling-ſickneſs, and Giddineſs. They quicken the Sight, and help the Memory, and cure a Stinking Breath. They are uſed for the Whites, and Jaundice. And they comfort the Heart, and open Obſtructions of the Liver, Spleen and Womb. The Herb burnt, corrects the Air, and renders it wholeſom in the time of a Plague. A Decoction of it in Water, taken before Exerciſe, cures the Jaundice. The Seed taken in Wine, does the ſame. The Tops of it infus'd in Wine or Beer, and taken daily, cure the Palſie, and other Diſeaſes of the Nerves. The Flowers dried, and taken in a Pipe, like Tobacco, are good for a Cough and Conſumption. The Chymical Oyl of it, taken in a proper Decoction, has cured many Tertian Agues: Four or ſix Drops are the Doſe. A deſperate and long Diarrhaea has been cured with Roſemary-wine. The Queen of Hungary's Water is made of Flowers infus'd in Spirit of Wine.

It digeſts and cuts clammy and groſs Humours. It expels Wind, and is a Preſervative againſt the Plague, and other Malignant Diſeaſes. It quickens the Sight, and ſuppreſſes Venery. It does good in a Pleuriſie. It ſtrengthens the Stomach, and cures the Cholick, and the Biting of a Mad Dog. It alſo provokes the Courſes, and Urine. 'Tis uſed outwardly for the Biting of Serpents, for Carbuncles, and to drive away the Fits of Fevers. For an Epilepſie, take of the Juice of Rue one Ounce and an half, an Ounce of Oxymel of Squills mix'd. The diſtill'd Water of it is much in uſe for Hyſterick Fits, and Uterine Diſeaſes.

'Tis excellent for Diſeaſes of the Spleen. A Decoction of the Bark ſtops the Courſes, and an immoderate Flux of the Hemorrhoids: It ſettles the Teeth when they are looſe, and eaſes the Pain of them; and is good for Ulcers of the Mouth, for the Leproſie, Itch, and other Ulcers; for Melancholy, the Black-Jaundice, and a Dropſie, occaſion'd by an hard and obſtructed Spleen. Take of Steel one Ounce, of the Middle-bark of the Aſh, Tamarisk, Roots of Capers, each half an Ounce; of Saſſafras, and Juniper, each ſix Drams, of the Roots of Elecampane, Angelica, Galangal, Sweet-ſmelling Flag, each two Drams; Shavings of Hartshorn, Ivory, Yellow Sanders, each▪ three Drams; the Leaves of Wormwood, Ground-pine, Spleen-wort, Dodder, Balm, Germander, each two Pugils; the Flowers of Bugloſs, Borage, Scabious, Broom, each one Pugil; of Cinnamon half an Ounce; Cloves, Ginger, Mace, Nutmegs, each two Drams; beat them groſly, and pour on them two Quarts of White-wine, and infuſe them in a Glaſs well ſtopped, in B. M. three or four Days; ſtrain it, and take four Spoonfuls every Morning. This is good for Melancholy, and Pains in the Stomach.

'Tis uſed frequently in Sallets, to correct cold Herbs, and the Crudities of them. 'Tis good for thoſe that have cold Stomachs. It procures Appetite, and expels Wind. It provokes Urine, and the Courſes, and opens Obſtructions. Being chew'd, it evacuates Flegm, and ſo eaſes the Pain of the Teeth. 'Tis alſo Sudorifick.

The Roots of it boyl'd in Wine, cure Ulcers of the Fundament, called Rhagades, and Warts. The Water that is receiv'd in the hollowneſs of the Leaves, is good for Inflammations of the Eyes: It alſo takes off Spots from the Face, and beautifies it. Boyl'd in Wine, it purges by Urine. But Cloth-workers uſe it chiefly.

The Leaves lie on the Ground, in a Circle; they are of a green Colour, and very prickly; they are cut in deep, and are hairy; they have either no Stalks at all, or but one, an Inch, or an Inch and an half high. The little Heads are oblong, and not at all prickly. The Flowers are purple. The Root is as long as the Little Finger, and has ſome thickiſh Fibres, and grows awry: 'Tis of a reddiſh Colour, eſpecially within, and taſtes ſomewhat Aromatick. It grows commonly on Hills, and in dry Places, and on Stony Grounds, on the Downs in Suſſex.

'Tis Alexipharmick, and Sudorifick. It prevents and cures the Plague, if it be taken in time. 'Tis Diuretick, and good in a Dropſie. Philip Melancton, when he was afflicted with Hypochondriack Pains, uſed this Herb, and commended it much.

The Leaves have white Spots; they are long, and broad, and very prickly. The Stalk is channel'd, downy, and five or ſix Foot high; and is divided into many Branches. The Bruſh is ſo prickly, that it cannot be handled. The Root is long, and thick. It grows frequently in Hedges and Ditches.

'Tis ſuppoſed to have the ſame Virtue with the Bleſſed Thiſtle, called commonly Carduus. But it is oftner uſed in the Kitchin, than for Medicine. The Decoction of it is uſed with good Succeſs, in Obſtructions of the Liver, of the Bowels, and of Urine; wherefore it is good in the Jaundice, for the Dropſie, and the Stone in the Kidnies. The diſtill'd Water of it cures the Diſeaſes of the Sides. 'Tis chiefly uſed outwardly, in Eating Ulcers, Rags being dip'd in the Water, and applied to the Sores. The Seed is frequently uſed in Emulſions, with other Seeds, for a Pleuriſie. The tender Leaves, the Prickles being cut off, are boyl'd with Pot-herbs, and eat very well. 'Tis kept in Gardens, and is uſed in Sallets, and the like. Take of the Water of Ladies-Thiſtle ten Ounces, of Eratick Poppy-water three Ounces, of the Syrup of the ſame one Ounce, of Prepar'd Pearl one Dram; mix them: Take ſix Spoonfuls every fourth Hour. This Julap is uſed in a Peripneumonia, or Inflammation of the Lungs.

An Ointment made of the Juice of the Leaves, and Lard, is very good for Burns and Scalds. The Seed powder'd, and taken in Beer, occaſions Madneſs for twenty four Hours. Thieves give it to thoſe they intend to rob. And Wenches give half a Dram of it to their Lovers, in Beer or Wine. Some are ſo well skill'd in Doſing of it, that they can make Men mad for as many Hours as they pleaſe.

The Root is white, and ſweet. The Stalks are three or four Foot high, or higher, about the thickneſs of the Little Finger; they are channel'd, hairy, and purpliſh. The Leaves are placed alternately on the Stalks; they are hairy, and like the Leaves of Nettles; the Under are placed on long Foot-ſtalks, the Upper on ſhort ones. The Flowers are like a Bell, and of a bluiſh Colour.

The whole Plant, eſpecially the Root, is aſtringent, and drying; and therefore the Decoction of it is good to be uſed at the Beginning of Ulcers and Inflammations of the Mouth, and Tonſils; and for other Diſeaſes that require aſtringent Remedies.

It grows on Hills, and dry Grounds.

'Tis hot and dry. It forces the Courſes, and Urine. 'Tis Cephalick, Uterine, and Stomachick. 'Tis good for Spitting of Blood, and Convulſions, and for Gripes. Outwardly applied, it cures Head-aches, and Giddineſs; and diſpoſes to Sleep.

It reſiſts Putrefaction, provokes Sneezing; is Anodyne, Vulnerary, and vomits. Being ſmoak'd, it ſtops Catarrhs, diſpoſes to Reſt, takes off Wearineſs, and ſuppreſſes Mother-fits, and is a good Preſervative againſt the Plague. A Gargariſm of it cures the Tooth-ach, and diſſolves Tumours of the Uvula. A Bath of it, or the green Leaves applied, cure a Leproſie, the Itch, and Lice: It heals Wounds, and cleanſes Ulcers, and cures Burns. The Smoaking of Tobacco ſtrengthens the Stomach, helps Concoction, and gently moves the Belly: But it is not good for People of an hot Conſtitution. The Pain of the Teeth is cured, by ſtopping thoſe that are hollow with Calcin'd Tobacco. For the Palſie, Take the green Leaves, and infuſe them in Malaga-Wine, and rub the Parts well with it after Sweating. This is the beſt outward Remedy for a Palſie. A Nobleman that was extreamly fat, was reduc'd to an ordinary Size, by chewing Tobacco; which alſo does good in an Aſthma. 'Tis of great uſe in Camps, where there is, many times, Scarcity of Victuals; and Cholicks, and the like. The Fume of Tobacco blown up into the Bowels, is a moſt effectual Clyſter in the Cholick. It alſo cures Mother-fits, and Fainting, being blown upon the Matrix.

The Root is ſoft, white, and juicy, and conſiſts of many Scales. The Stalk is about as thick as the Little Finger, nine Inches high, or higher, round, and juicy, eaſily broken, cover'd with a thin Membrane, and full of a juicy Pulp. It has ſome Membranaceous Ears, like Leaves, placed by Intervals. It has many gaping, light, purpliſh Flowers, that hang on ſhort Foot-ſtalks. The Seed is round.

'Tis excellent for Ruptures, for inward Wounds, and for Diſeaſes riſing from Defluxions, two Drams of the Powder being taken in Broth for forty Days together.

The Root is ſometimes as thick as the Thumb; ſometimes it grows ſtreight, ſometimes awry; it has reddiſh Fibres, and is of an aſtringent Taſte. The Stalks lie on the Ground, having many ſhort Leaves; ſometimes they grow upright, and are two Foot high; they are ſmall, hairy, and reddiſh. The Flowers are ſmall, and yellowiſh, and conſiſt of four Leaves. Note, the Leaves are like the Leaves of Cinquefoil, but longer, and leſs dented.

It dries, and is very aſtringent; wherefore there is no Remedy more proper for Fluxes of the Belly and Womb, than the Roots of Tormentil. Beſides, they are Diaphoretick, and Alexipharmick; wherefore they are uſed in all Medicines for the Plague, and Malignant Diſeaſes, eſpecially when Fluxes of the Belly accompany them. Moreover, they are mix'd with Vulnerary Potions, Ointments, and Plaſters; for they cure old and putrid Ulcers. Half a Dram, or a Dram of the Extract of Tormentil is much commended for curing an Epidemick Dyſentery; Rubarb being uſed before, if there be occaſion. A Woman that was wont to miſcarry after the Second Month, was cured in the following manner: She was purg'd, and took Sage with her Meat and Drink, and as much of the following Powder as would lie on a Groat was given at a time: Take of Cochinele, Prepar'd Pearl, and Tormentil-roots, each one Dram; of Maſtick half a Dram; mingle them, and make a Powder. The following Plaſter was applied to the Loins, and the Os ſacrum: Take of the pureſt Labdanum one Ounce and an half; of Galls, Oak-Moſs, Bole-Armoniack, Cypreſs-Nuts, Seal'd-Earth, Mirtles, Red Roſes, Dragon's-blood, and Balauſtians, each half an Ounce; of Ship-Pitch two Ounces, of Turpentine ſix Ounces; make a Plaſter. After the uſe of theſe things, ſhe went out her Time, and had a luſty Child; and after that more.

It grows commonly in Mariſhes, and watery Places; and is much commended in the Scurvy, and for Pains in the Limbs. The Leaves are boyl'd in Beer, and it is taken twice or thrice a Day; but becauſe it is very bitter, 'tis beſt taken in a Syrup.

It forces Urine, and is a Provocative to Venery. The Juice and Broth wherein they are boyl'd cure Quartan-Agues. Raw Turneps cure the Scurvy-Roaſted under Aſhes, and applied behind the Ears, they cure the Head-ach, and the Pain of the Teeth. They are applied to Ulcers of the Legs, and to Swellings of the Breaſt, and for Scrophulous and Scorbutick Tumours, with good Succeſs. The Broth of them makes a good Gargariſm for Sore Mouths. Half a Dram of the Seed is uſed at a time to excite Venery; and in Malignant Diſeaſes, to expel Venom. Take of ſliced Turneps, and of White Sugar, each half a Pound; put them into an Earthen Pot, making a Lay of one, and a Lay of the other; cover it with Paper, and bake it with Bread; when it is drawn preſs out the Juice, and keep it for uſe: Take a Spoonful Morning and Evening. This is good for Coughs, and at the Beginning of Conſumptions.

The Root is thick, woody, reddiſh, and has long Fibres. The Stalks are woody, three or four Foot high, round, reddiſh, ſmooth, and creſted. They have two large Leaves at every Joint, green above, whitiſh below. The Flowers are yellow, and conſiſt of five Leaves; they are placed on long Foot-ſtalks. After the Flowers, come Heads of Seeds, firſt greeniſh, then reddiſh, and laſt of a purple Colour. The Juice is reddiſh.

It ſtops Blood, and is an excellent Vulnerary Plant, taken inwardly, or outwardly applied.

The Root and Herb are very Diuretick. Half a Spoonful of the Powder of the Root, before the Stalk ſprings, taken once or twice, in Wine, Water, or Milk, relieves thoſe that are ſeiz'd with the Falling-ſickneſs. And Sylvius reckons it more effectual in this Caſe, than the Roots of Male-Peony. The Leaves bruis'd, are commonly applied to ſlight Wounds; upon which Account it is called Cut-finger. It purges upwards and downwards.

So many Virtues are attributed by Authors, to this Plant, that it would tire one to reckon them up. 'Tis Cephalick, and Vulnerary. 'Tis uſed for Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen, and in the Stone; for Diſeaſes of the Eyes, and Breaſt; for the Gripes, the Bloody-Flux, a Tertian Ague, to heal Wounds, and to haſten Delivery. 'Tis outwardly uſed for the Head-ach, Pain of the Teeth, Redneſs and Weakneſs of the Eyes, for a Quinſie, and for Swellings of the Glandules of the Jaws, for the Falling of the Fundament, for cleanſing Ulcers, and for Pains of the Spleen, 'Tis reckon'd a Specifick for Pains of the Head, from whatever Cauſe they proceed. The diſtill'd Water is applied outwardly to the Head; and four Ounces are taken inwardly, with four Drops of Spirit of Salt. Foreſtus ſays, he knew Two who were cured of the Head-ach, only by hanging the green Herb about their Necks, when many other Medicines were uſed to no purpoſe.

The Leaves are cooling. The Flowers moiſten, cool and mollifie. They are reckon'd among the Cordial-Flowers. They are chiefly uſed in Fevers, to abate the Heat, and to eaſe the Pain of the Head occaſion'd by it; and for Coughs and Pleuriſes. The Seed is Lithontriptick. The Syrup is moſt in uſe, and is made in the following manner: Take of the Flowers of freſh Violets one Pound, of clear, hot Water two Pints and an half; keep it cloſe cover'd, in an Earthen Glaz'd Pot, a Day; then preſs it out, and add to two Pints of the ſtrain'd Liquor, four Pounds of Sugar; take off the Scum as it riſes, and make a Syrup without boyling.

It grows every where on Walls.

The Flowers are cordial, and good for the Nerves: They eaſe Pain, provoke the Courſes, expel the Secundine, and a dead Child. The Conſerve of the Flowers, the diſtil'd Water, and the Oyl made of the Flowers by Infuſion, are in uſe for Apoplexies, and Palſies. The Oyl is very Anodine in Wounds, and Inflammations of the Nervous Parts.

It ſometimes ſpreads much, tho' it is not high. The Wood of it is fungous and pithy. The Branches are about a Finger thick, and four Foot long, or longer. The Bark is of a dark-gray Colour; but the Bark of the Branches is whitiſh. The Leaves are ſomewhat like the Leaves of the Alder; they are broad, longiſh and thickiſh, and indented about the Edges; they are hairy and white, like Meal, eſpecially below. The Flowers are placed in Umbels, and ſmell like the Flowers of Elder; they are white, and conſiſt of five Leaves. The Berries are firſt green, then red, and laſtly black; they are ſweet, and clammy. Some Country-people eat them. It grows commonly in Hedges.

The Leaves and Berries are dry, and aſtringent. They are uſed for Inflammations of the Throat and Almonds, and for the Relaxation of the Ʋvula, and to ſettle the Teeth when they are looſe, and alſo for Fluxes of the Belly. A Decoction of the Leaves makes the Hairs black, and prevents their falling.

The Juice of it is good to take off Spots. The Flower mix'd with Bean-ſhell-water, takes out Wrinkles from the Face. A Cataplaſm made with Water and Oyl, and the Flower, takes off the Hardneſs of the Breaſt, and ripens Swellings. The Bran cleanſes the Hands, and makes them ſoft and white.

It has a ſmall, fibrous Root, and many Leaves, that lie on the Ground; they are ſcarce an Inch long; they are pointed, hairy, ſometimes green, ſometimes reddiſh, and a little indented; and taſte ſomewhat aſtringent at firſt, afterwards acrid. It has ſometimes one, ſometimes two or three Stalks, or more; they are round, and about an Hand high, and ſometimes not ſo much; they have no Leaves on them, but they have many little, white Flowers, which conſiſt of four Leaves; they have ſmall, flat Pouches. It grows on Walls and Houſes.

Rue Whitlow-graſs, infus'd in Small Beer, and drank for ſome Days, cures King's-Evil-Swellings, without any ſenſible Evacuation. See Mr. Boyl, of Specifick Remedies, pag. 155. Take of Whitlow-graſs half an Handful, fry it with Flower, and an Egg: Take it in a Morning faſting, for two Days. This cures the Whites.

'Tis divided into many Joints. The Root is ſmall, and creeps on the top of the Earth, ſending down Capillary Fibres. The Stalks are ſmall, fourſquare, an Hand or nine Inches high. The Leaves are placed on the Joints, like thoſe of Madder; they are larger than Cleaver-leaves, and of a lighter Green; they ſhine a little, and are a little hairy. The Stalk is divided at the top into two or three Branches, upon which the Foot-ſtalks ſuſtain the little Flowers, that ſmell ſweet, and are compos'd of four ſmall Leaves. The Seeds are ſmall, and very hairy, and in ſhape like a Kidny; they ſtick to the Clothes, as the Seeds of Clevers do. It grows in hilly Woods, and among Buſhes. It flowers in May.

'Tis uſed for Obſtructions of the Liver, and Gall-bladder; and to cool an hot Liver. It procures Mirth, as they ſay, being put into Wine, and gives it a pleaſant Taſte; for which Reaſon 'tis frequently uſed among the Germans.

It grows in Egypt.

The Juice of it preſs'd from the Cods, before they are ripe, or from the Flowers or Leaves, is uſed to ſtrengthen the Eyes, and to take off the Inflammation of them; and to cure Ulcers of the Mouth and Ears; and for Chaps of the Lips. The Juice reduc'd to a Powder, after it has been waſh'd in a Decoction made with the Juice, or the Leaves or Flowers, and ſprinkl'd on the Gums, and rub'd on the Teeth, fixes the Teeth when they are looſe. A Dram of it diſſolv'd in ſome Liquor, and taken every morning, ſtops all Fluxes of Blood. Many Women that have been almoſt deſtroy'd by an immoderate Flux of their Courſes, have been cured by it. Clyſters made of the Decoction of the Leaves and Flowers, and injected into the Womb, are uſed for the ſame purpoſe: As is alſo the Juice powder'd, and diſſolv'd in Decoctions, and uſed in the ſame manner. In Fluxes of the Belly are often uſed Clyſters, made in the ſame manner: And the Juice is frequently taken inwardly. A Decoction made of the Leaves and Flowers, and the Juice diſſolv'd in it, is excellent for the Falling of the Womb, and Anus. A Fomentation made of the Juice, Leaves and Flowers, is very good for Weakneſs of the Limbs, and for Fluxions Swellings and Inflammations of the Joints. Some make a Liniment of Vinegar and the Juice of it, which ſtrengthens wonderfully the Joints when they are weak. The Juice powder'd, and well waſh'd with Water, cures obſtinate Ulcers of the Privy Parts, and of other weak Parts. The Decoction is alſo uſed to dry Pocky Puſtules; but then Guiacum is mix'd with it. The Powder and Decoction of it are uſed for the Breaking out of Children's Heads. Ancient and Modern Phyſicians all agree, that Acacia is very aſtringent; and by that Means it does what it does.

'Tis a white Fungous, or Muſhroom, that grows on the Larix-tree. The White, Light, and Brittle is the beſt.

It purges Flegm and Choler. 'Tis uſed for the Jaundice, and for thoſe that are Short-breath'd; and alſo in the Stone of the Kidnies, in Difficulty of Urine, and for Mother-fits; the Falling-ſickneſs, and for the Hip-Gout. It alſo provokes the Courſes; wherefore Women with Child ought not to take it. 'Tis given in Subſtance, from one Dram, to two Drams; and in Infuſion, from two Drams to five. But the Troches of it are moſt commonly uſed, and are made in the following manner: Take of Agarick powder'd and ſifted three Ounces; infuſe it with two Drams of Ginger, in a ſufficient quantity of White-wine; and make Troches: The Doſe is one Dram. The Pills, in the London-Diſpenſatory, of Agarick, are made in the following manner: Take of Agarick three Drams; of our Sky-colour'd Orris-roots, Maſtick, Hore-hound, each one Dram; Turbith five Drams, Species Hiera Picra half an Ounce, Coloquintida and Sarcocol, of each two Drams; Myrrh one Dram, of Sapa as much as is ſufficient to make a Maſs.

Note, Sapa is Wine boyl'd till two Thirds of it are conſum'd. Half a Dram of this Pill is a ſufficient Doſe: 'Tis uſed to purge the Breaſt, and to carry off Flegm. The Pill De Hiera cum Agarico is made in the following manner: Take of the Species of Hiera Picra, and of Agarick, each half an Ounce; of the beſt Aloes half an Ounce; of Hony of Roſes a ſufficient quantity to make a Maſs: A Scruple, or a Scruple and an half may be taken at a time, made into four or ſix Pills. 'Tis good for Shortneſs of Breath, and Obſtructions of the Lungs, and to provoke the Courſes, and for Mother-fits, and in Melancholy Diſeaſes, and to purge Flegm and Choler, and to open Obſtructions of the Liver or Spleen, and for Diſeaſes of the Head; but the uſe of them muſt be continu'd for the ſpace of eight or ten Days. You may take them at Bed-time, if you eat no Supper. They are eaſie in their Operation. Agarick is either Male, or Female; the Male is not uſed. It comes from Agaria, a Region of Sarmatia; and from thence it takes its Name. It grows alſo in Dauphiné in France; but the beſt comes from the Tridentine Woods. It grows in many other places.

The Athenian Matrons, when they attended on the Divine Myſteries of Ceres, uſed to lie on the Leaves of this Tree, to keep them chaſte. The Seed of it, by reaſon of the Likeneſs, is called by ſome Eunuch's-Pepper. It ſuppreſſes Nocturnal Imaginations of Venery, and cures the Incontinency of Seed. The Fruit of it relieves thoſe that are bitten by Serpents; and is good for thoſe that are troubled with the Spleen and Dropſie. It increaſes Milk, and provokes Urine, and the Courſes. Take of the Conſerve of Agnus Caſtus, of the Flowers of Water-Lilly and Violets, each half an Ounce; of Conſerve of Red Roſes half an Ounce, of the Stalks of Lettice candied one Ounce, of Prepar'd Coral two Drams; with Syrup of Violets, and of Water-Lillies, make an Opiat. This is uſed in the Uterine Fury. Give the quantity of a Nutmeg, Morning and Evening.

Every pure Salt is ſo called, that is without an Acid. 'Tis drawn from the Aſhes, or the Calx of any Matter extracted by a Lee. 'Tis proper to all things, liquid and ſolid. The Word is deriv'd from Kaly, the Name of a Plant, with which Glaſs is made. It eaſily ferments with an Acid; and, together, they are the Cauſe of all Inteſtine Motion: Nothing grows, or increaſes, without theſe two. Alcali is Three-fold; viz. Volatile Alcali, which is made of Animals, viz. of Hartshorns, of Urine, and the like. Fix'd, which is extracted from the Aſhes of Plants; as, from Wormwood, Tartar, and the like. Metallick and Stony; for Metals and Stones ferment with an Acid Menſtruum. Mix'd Alcalies are added to theſe; as, Nitre, Alum, the ſeveral ſorts of Vitriol, Foſſile, and Sea-Sealt, and the like; which participate of Alcali, and Acid.

There are many ſorts of Almonds; but in Practice they are diſtinguiſh'd only into Bitter and Sweet. The Jordan-Almonds are moſt eſteem'd amongſt us; which are larger, longer and narrower, rounder and thicker, than the Valentian; and of a better Taſte.

Sweet Almonds nouriſh much, and make the Body fat. They mitigate the Acrimony of the Humours, and increaſe Seed. They are good for Lean People, and for ſuch as are Conſumptive. But they are chiefly uſed in Emulſions. Take of Sweet Almonds blanch'd number Three, of the Seeds of Melon, Lettice and White Poppies, each one Dram; of the Pulp of Barly three Drams; beat them in a Marble-Mortar, and pour on them a ſufficient quantity of Barly-water; to ſeven Ounces of the ſtrain'd Liquor add five Drams of Diacodium; mingle them, and make an Emulſion. This is good in the Stone, and for Heat of Urine. Take of Sweet Almonds prepar'd, and infus'd in Roſe-water, two Ounces; of the four Greater Cold Seeds, of Plantain and Purſlain-ſeeds, each one Dram; of the Seeds of Marſh-mallows and White Poppies, each one Scruple; beat them according to Art, and pour on them a ſufficient quantity of a Decoction of Barly and Liquoriſh; make an Emulſion for two Doſes; add to each an Ounce of Syrup of Water-Lillies, of Sal Prunellae half a Dram. This is good for Pleuriſies, and Heat of Urine, and the like. Oyl of Almonds is good for Hoarſneſs, and Coughs: Take of Oyl of Almonds freſh drawn, of Syrup of Maiden-hair, each one Ounce and an half; of Sugar-candy two Drams; mix them in a Glaſs-Mortar: Make a Linctus, to be taken often with a Liquoriſh-ſtick. Oyl of Almonds is good in the Cholick: Take two Ounces of Oyl of Almonds, and one Ounce and an half of Manna, mix'd together in fat Chicken-broth. This reliev'd a Perſon that had the Cholick, after he had taken thirty Clyſters to no purpoſe. Oyl of Almonds is very good for the Stone in the Kidnies: Take of White-wine, and Compound-water of Horſe-Radiſh, each one Ounce and an half; of the Juice of Limon one Spoonful and an half, of Tartar vitriolated one Scruple, of Oyl of Sweet Almonds one Ounce, of Syrup of Marſh-mallows two Ounces, of Nutmeg powder'd one Scruple; make a Draught to be taken hot. For the Gripes of Infants, the following Medicine was preſcrib'd by Dr. Lower: Take of Manna two Drams, diſſolv'd in two Ounces of the Aqua lactis alexiter; ſtrain it, and add three Drams of Oyl of Almonds: Give half in the Morning, and the reſt three Hours after, if it do not work. Bitter Almonds are hot and dry; they attenuate, open and cleanſe; they are Diuretick; they open the Obſtructions of the Liver, Spleen, Meſentery and Womb. Outwardly uſed, they take off Freckles. The Oyl of Bitter Almonds is more agreeable to the Ears, than any other Oyl. The Italians eat Almonds whole, before the Stones are hard, for Second Courſe; and they taſte very pleaſantly, and are very agreeable to the Stomach. They grow in Germany, Italy, and France.

There are three ſorts of it, viz. Succotrine, Hepatick, and Caballine. Succotrine is ſo called, from the Iſland Succotra in India. This ſort is the beſt of all; 'tis clear and tranſparent, and colour'd ſomewhat like the Liver. It has an Aromatick Smell, like Myrrh; upon which Account it was formerly mix'd with Perfumes. It has a bitter, an Aromatick, and an aſtringent Taſte. 'Tis light, and yet the Subſtance of it is compact. Being handled in the Sun, or near the Fire, it grows ſoft; and when it is cold it breaks eaſily: Which are the Signs of the beſt Aloes. The Hepatick is ſo called, it being like the Liver in Colour and Conſiſtence. 'Tis not ſo pure as the former, it is not tranſparent, it ſmells ſtronger, and taſtes more bitter, and is more aſtringent. The Caballina is more impure, ſandy, and filthy; and fit only for Horſes.

Aloes, beſides its Purgative Virtue, is hot and drying, and opens Obſtructions: It purges Choler and Flegm. Aloes, contrary almoſt to all other Purging Medicines, ſtrengthens the Stomach. But it is to be noted, That the frequent uſe of Aloes opens the Haemorrhoidal Veins; and, to be ſure, it has a Faculty of opening the Orifices of the Veins: Wherefore thoſe that are ſubject to Haemorrhages muſt not uſe it. Bartholinus mentions an Obſervation of one that render'd a Bloody Urine, by taking Aloes too often. But, outwardly applied, it is very aſtringent. Aloes kill and expel Worms: Being mix'd with Vinegar, and the Gall of an Ox, and applied to the Navel, it does the ſame. It cures the Jaundice, and prevents Putrefaction. And, mix'd with Myrrh, it preſerves dead Bodies a long time from Corruption. Some think the Virtue of Mummy proceeds wholly from the Aloes, wherewith Bodies were wont to be embalm'd. The Powder of Aloes, uſed outwardly, ſtops the Flux of the Haemorrhoidal Veins. Diſſolv'd in Wine, it prevents the Falling of the Hair. Mix'd with Medicines for the Eyes, called Collyria, it quickens the Sight. Mix'd with Hony, it cures Ulcers of the Privy Parts, and a Fiſtula, and Sore Mouths and a Stinking Breath. It ſhuts the Orifices of the Veins, and ſo ſtops Bleeding. Outwardly applied, it thickens and dries; and the Powder of it conglutinates freſh Wounds, and skins them ſoon. In preſcribing Aloes, the following Cautions are to be obſerv'd. Firſt, It is not to be given to thoſe, whoſe Diſeaſes proceed only from a ſimple Intemperies, without Matter; for ſuch do not want Evacuation, nor a Medicine that is ſo drying; for, inſtead of Evacuation, it occaſions a Conſumption in ſuch: But, on the contrary; 'tis uſed with very good Succeſs in thoſe that are of a cold and moiſt Conſtitution. Secondly, It ought not to be preſcrib'd to Old People. Thirdly: It ought not to be uſed too frequently; eſpecially, not daily, as ſome order it. And Fourthly, Women with Child muſt not take it; for it provokes the Courſes powerfully. Thoſe things which are added for the Correction of it are, Mace, Nutmegs, Cloves, Cinnamon, Spikenard, Sweet-ſmelling Flag, Saffron, and the like. The Operation of it is quicken'd by waſhing it in a Decoction of Rhubarb, or in an Infuſion of Roſes. 'Tis ſaid, that Maſtick, Tragacanth, Bdellium, and the like, mix'd with it, prevents its opening the Orifices of the Veins: Or, if it be waſh'd in Endive, or Succory-water, the ſame may be prevented. Many excellent Medicines of the London-Diſpenſatory are compounded of Aloes. The Pills called Pilulae Aggregativae are made in the following manner: Take of Citron, Myrobolans, and Rhubarb, each half an Ounce; Juice of Agrimony, and Wormwood thicken'd, each two Drams; Diagridium five Drams; Agarick, Coloquintida and Polypodium, of each two Drams; Turbith and Aloes, of each ſix Drams; Maſtick, Red Roſes, Sal Gemmae, Epithimum, Anniſe, Ginger, of each a Dram; with Syrup of Damask-Roſes, make a Maſs for Pills: They purge Flegm, Choler and Melancholy; they are good for a foul Stomach: The Doſe is half a Dram. Pilulae Aloephanginae are made in the following manner: Take of Cinnamon, Cloves, Cardamoms the Leſſer, Nutmegs, Mace, Sweet-ſmelling Flag, Carpo-balſamum, or Juniper-berries, Squinanth, Wood of Aloes, Yellow Sanders, Red Roſes dried, Wormwood, of each half an Ounce; draw a Tincture from theſe, in Spirit of Wine, they being firſt groſly powder'd: In three Pints of this Tincture ſtrain'd, diſſolve a Pound of Aloes; then add of Maſtich and Myrrh powder'd; each half an Ounce; Saffron two Drams, of Balſam of Peru one Dram; bring it to a Maſs for Pills, by evaporating the ſuperfluous Moiſture over Aſhes, or in a Bath. Theſe Pills are good for the Head-ach, and Giddineſs of the Head: They ſtrengthen the Brain and Stomach. Half a Dram, or a Dram, may be taken at a time. Pilulae de Aloe lota are made in the following manner: Take of Aloes, diſſolv'd in the Juice of Red Roſes, and boyl'd up again, one Ounce; of Agarick trochiſcated three Drams, of Maſtick two Drams, of the Species of Sweet Diamosk half a Dram; with Syrup of Pale Roſes make a Maſs for Pills. Pilulae Aloe Roſata is made in the following manner: Take of Succotrine-Aloes powder'd four Ounces, of the Juice of Damask-Roſes clarified, one Pint; mingle them, digeſt them in the Sun, or in a Bath, till the ſuperfluous Moiſture is exhal'd; repeat the Digeſtion and Evaporation four times; make a Maſs for Pills. This purges gently, cleanſes the Stomach, opens Obſtructions, and cures the Jaundice. Half a Dram of it may be taken at Bed-time. Pilulae Cochiae minores are made in the following manner: Take of clear Aloes, of pure Scammony, and of the Pulp of Colaquintida, each one Ounce; powder them, and make a Maſs with equal parts of Syrup of Wormwood and Syrup of Buckthorn; adding to it two Scruples of Oyl of Cloves. Theſe Pills purge much: The Doſe is a Scruple, or half a Dram. Pilulae Faetidae are made in the following manner: Take of Aloes, Troches of Alhandel, Opopanax, Ammoniacum, Sagapenum, Myrrh, Seeds of Rue, Dodder, of each five Drams; Scammony three Drams, of the Roots of Turbith half an Ounce, of the Leſſer Spurge prepar'd, and Hermodactyls, each two Drams; of Ginger one Dram and an half, Spikenard, Cinnamon, Saffron and Caſtor, each one Dram; of Euphorbium prepar'd one Scruple, of Oyl of Amber rectified half a Dram; diſſolve the Gums in Juice of Leeks, ſtrain them, then add the Powders, and mix them well; make a Maſs with a Syrup made of the Juice of Leeks and Sugar. Theſe Pills are of excellent uſe in Women's Obſtructions. Pilulae de Gutta Gamandra are made in the following manner: Take of the beſt Aloes two Drams and an half, of the Reſm of Gutta Germandra a Dram and an half, of Scammony one Dram, of Gummoniacum one Dram and an half, of Tartar Vitriolated half a Dram; with Syrup of Roſes Solutive make a Maſs. Pilulae de Hermodactylis are made in the following manner: Take of Sagapenum ſix Drams, of Opopanax three Drams; melt them in a ſufficient quantity of the Juice of Coleworts, ſtrain them, and boyl them preſently, to a moderate Conſiſtence; then take of Hermodactyls, Aloes, Yellow Myrobalans, Turbith, Troches of Alhandel, of ſoft and freſh Bdellium, each ſix Drams; of Euphorbium Prepar'd one Dram; of the Seeds of Rue and Smallage, of Caſtor and Scarcocol, each three Drams; of Saffron one Dram and an half; with the Syrup of the Juice of Coleworts, made with Hony, make a Maſs. They are uſed in the Gout, and in cold Diſeaſes of the Joints. Two Scruples, or a Dram, may be taken at a time. Pilulae Imperiales are made in the following manner: Take of Aloes two Ounces, of Rhubarb one Ounce and an half, of Agarick, and the Leaves of Sena cleanſed, each one Ounce; of Cinnamon three Drams, of Ginger two Drams; of Nutmegs, Cloves, Spikenard, and Maſtich, each one Dram; with Syrup of Violets, make a Maſs. They ſtrengthen the Stomach and Bowels; and are good for ſuch as are of a cold Conſtitution. Pilulae Macri are made in the following manner: Take of the beſt Aloes two Ounces, of Maſtich half an Ounce, of the Leaves of dried Marjoram two Drams, of Salt of Wormwood one Dram; powder them all, and make a Maſs with a ſufficient quantity of the Juice of Coleworts, ſweeten'd with Sugar. It ſtrengthens the Stomach, Brains, and the Nerves; and opens Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen. Half a Dram of them may be taken at a time. Pilulae Maſtichichinae are made in the following manner: Take of Maſtich two Ounces, of Aloes four Ounces, of Agarick trochiſcated, of the Species Hierae Picrae ſimple, each one Ounce and an half; with Syrup of Wormwood make a Maſs according to Art. They purge gently, and ſtrengthen the Head and Reins. Half a Dram may be taken at a time. Pilulae de Opopanace are made in the following manner: Take of Opopanax, Sagapenum, Bdellium, Ammoniacum, Hermodactyls, and Coloquintida, each five Drams; Saffron, Caſtor, Myrrh, Ginger, Woody-Caſſia, White Pepper, and Yellow Myrobalans, each one Dram; Scammony two Drams, Turbith half an Ounce, clear Aloes an Ounce and an half; diſſolve the Gums in clarified Juice of Coleworts, and make a Maſs with Syrup of Juice of Coleworts. 'Tis good for Palſies, and Diſeaſes of the Joints. The Doſe is half a Dram: They work ſtrongly. Pilulae Rudii, or Extractum Rudii, are made in the following manner: Take of Coloquintida ſix Drams; Agarick, Scammony, the Roots of Black Hellebore, Turbith, of each half an Ounce; of Succotrine-Aloes one Ounce; of Cinnamon, Mace, and Cloves, each two Scruples; having cleans'd the Coloquintida from its Seeds, cut it ſmall, grate the Agarick, powder the Hellebore, the Turbith, and the Spices groſly, and infuſe them four Days in a gentle Heat, in a ſufficient quantity of the beſt Spirit of Wine, ſo as it may riſe five Fingers breadth above the Ingredients; then ſtrain it, preſſing it out hard, and diſſolve in it the Scammony, and the Aloes; then pour the Liquor into a Glaſs-Alimbeck, diſtil it till that which remains in the Alimbeck is as thick as Hony; afterwards pour it out, and evaporate it till it come to a Maſs fit for Pills. It purges Choler, Flegm and Melancholy. Half a Dram is a ſufficient Doſe for a ſtrong Man, for it works violently. Pilulae Ruffi are made in the following manner: Take of Aloes two Ounces, of choice Myrrh one Ounce, of Saffron half an Ounce; make them up into a Maſs, with Syrup of Wormwood. They cleanſe the Stomach, and are good after Surfeits, and Exceſſive Drinking, A Scruple, or half a Dram, or more, according to the Strength of the Patient, may be given. Pilulae ſine quibus are made in the following manner: Take of Aloes diſſolv'd in the Juice of Roſes, and then dried again, fourteen Drams: of Prepar'd Scammony ſix Drams; of Agarick, Rhubarb, of the Leaves of Sena cleanſed, each half an Ounce; of Wormwood, Red Roſes exungulated, Violets▪ Dodder, and Maſtick, each one Dram; of Salt of Wormwood half a Dram; powder the Scammony, the Aloes, the Agarick, and the Maſtich a-part; add the other things, and make a Maſs with a Syrup made of the Juice of Fennel and Hony. Pilulae Stomachicae cum Gummi are made in the following manner: Take of the pureſt Aloes one Ounce, of the Leaves of Sena cleans'd five Drams, of Gum Ammoniack, diſſolv'd in Vinegar of Elder, half an Ounce; of Maſtich and Myrrh, each one Dram and an half; of Saffron and Salt of Wormwood, each half a Dram; make a Maſs with Syrup of Buck-thorn. They are good to cleanſe the Stomach. Doſe is half a Dram. Pilulae de Succino are made in the following manner: Take of White Amber and Maſtich, each two Drams; of the beſt Aloes five Drams, of Agarick trochiſcated half a Dram, of Long Birth-wort, and Calcin'd Hart's-horn, each half a Dram; Nutmegs half a Scruple; with a ſufficient quantity of Syrup of Wormwood make a Maſs. They are chiefly uſed for Diſeaſes of the Head. Half a Dram, or more, may be taken at a time, according to the Strength of the Perſon. Hyera Picra Simple is made in the following manner: Take of Cinnamon, Mace, the Roots of Aſarabacca, Spikenard, Saffron, Maſtick, each ten Drams; of Aloes waſh'd twelve Ounces and an half, of Clarified Hony four Pounds three Ounces; make an Electuary according to Art. The Species are alſo kept a-part in the Shops. Tinctura Sacra is made in the following manner: Take of the Species of Hyera Picra one Ounce, of Canary-wine one Pint; keep them cloſe ſtopped in a Glaſs, and ſhake it every Day, till it is deeply tinctur'd; let it ſtand till it is clear. Four or five Spoonfuls, more or leſs, may be taken at a time, according to the Strength of the Body. It ſtrengthens the Stomach, quickens the Appetite, opens Obſtructions, and purges Choler, Flegm, and Melancholy. Pulvis Thuraloes is made in the following manner: Take of Frankincenſe one Dram, of Aloes half a Dram; make it of the Conſiſtence of Hony, with the White of an Egg, when you uſe it; mix with it Hare-down, apply it to the Wound, and bind it on. This is frequently uſed to ſtop Bleeding.

It heats, dries, and is aſtringent. It diſpoſes to Reſt, takes off Pain. Being applied to the Fore-head, it concocts and diſcuſſes Inflammations, and the Tumour called Meliceres. Mix'd with Baſil, and applied, it relieves thoſe that are bitten by Vipers; it caſes thoſe that have the Gout; it takes off Inflammations of the Eyes. The Decoction of it is alſo good in the Stone of the Kidnies, and the Gout. 'Tis mix'd with Antidotes, and Precious Ointments; and that was the chief Uſe the Ancients made of it. Take of the Seeds of Angelica skin'd one Pound and an half; of Sweet Fennel and Liquoriſh, each four Ounces; of Raiſins ſton'd one Pound; of the Leaves of Mugwort and Balm, each four Handfuls; of Carduus and Penny-royal, each two Handfuls; of the Seed of Amomum four Ounces, of Milk and Wine ſix Quarts; diſtil them according to Art. This is a Prolifick Water.

'Tis called by ſome Cajou, or Caſſu-tree. From the Fruit of it is preſs'd out a Liquor, which being duly fermented, becomes Vinous, and Intoxicating. The Fruit roaſted, is much better than Cheſnuts, and taſtes as pleaſantly as Almonds. When it is raw it cannot be eaten ſafely; for it takes off the Skin of the Mouth, and occaſions great Pain, it being very acrid and rough: But when Water or Wine, with a little Salt, is mix'd with it, the Acrimony is much abated, and it becomes very palatable. It ſtrengthens the Stomach, and helps Fermentation, and takes off Vomiting and Nauſeouſneſs. The Indians uſe them, being a little toaſted, to provoke Venery. The Juice of it ſtops a Looſneſs, and cures a Diabetes. The Oyl of it is much uſed by Painters, and makes a very laſting Black. It alſo cures the Itch, and other Vices of the Skin. It grows plentifully in Malabar.

The Arabians ſay, that Anacardiums are hot and dry to the fourth Degree; and that they are of a Cauſtick Nature, and will exulcerate the Skin, and take off Warts: But Experience contradicts them. They ſtrengthen the Brain, and Animal Spirits; and dry and heat gently. They comfort the Stomach. They are counted by all an excellent Medicine to quicken the Memory. It groweth in many Parts of India.

'Tis two-fold, Oriental and Occidental: The Occidental is the Tears, or White Reſin of a Tree growing in New-Spain. 'Tis ſomewhat like Frankincenſe; it has a pleaſant and ſweet Smell: 'Tis not ſo clear and ſhining as the Oriental.

The chief uſe of Anime Gummi is External, in cold and painful Diſeaſes of the Head and Nerves; for Catarrhs, and Flatulent Diſeaſes; alſo for Diſeaſes of the Joints, the Palſie, Contuſions, and the like. 'Tis mix'd with Plaſters for the ſame uſe.

The Seed is chiefly uſed; the Herb it ſelf but rarely; and the Root of it never. It heats, dries, is Cephalick, Epatick, Pneumonick and Stomachick. 'Tis uſed for Wind in the Stomach, a Cough, and the like. 'Tis more agreeable to the Stomach, than any other Medicine that is uſed to expel Wind; it has leſs Acrimony, and is ſweeter. The Ancients extoll'd it wonderfully for a cold and moiſt Stomach; wherefore they uſed it in Pains of the Head proceeding from the Stomach, for Watchings, and a Looſneſs occaſion'd by Crudities. It provokes Urine, and ſtimulates Venery. 'Tis baked with Bread, and candied, and ſo uſed. It expels Wind, and cures a Stinking Breath. The Oyl of it is uſed againſt Wind, and for a Cough proceeding from a cold Cauſe. Aniſe-ſeed-water is good for thoſe that are Short-breath'd, and that are troubled with Heart-burning. Heurnius ſays, That the Powder or Decoction of it is better in the Cholick, and Difficulty of Urine, than the Oyl; which they are to take notice of, that value nothing but Chimical Preparations. A Scruple of the Seed, powder'd groſly, is good for the Gripes in Children. In Flatulent Hickups let the Sick always chew the Seed. The ſame is good for the Cholick. Take of the double Flowers of Camomile thirty Handfuls, cut them, and beat them, and infuſe them in five Quarts of Camomile-water, and eight Quarts of Spaniſh Wine mix'd, twenty four Hours; preſs them out, and infuſe again twenty Handfuls of the Flowers, as before; preſs them out, infuſe again, a third time, twelve Handfuls of the Flowers; add two Ounces of the yellow Pill of freſh Oranges, two Ounces and an half of the Leaves of Roman Wormwood, Centory, Penny-royal, Wild Marjoram; of the Seeds of Dill two Ounces; of the Seeds of Anniſe, Fennel, Caraways, Cummin, Bleſſed Thiſtle, Mary's Thiſtle, each one Ounce and an half; of the Berries of Lawrel and Juniper, each half an Ounce; of Nutmegs three Ounces; having digeſted them a ſufficient time, diſtil them according to Art: Two or three Spoonfuls of this Water may be taken at a time, for the Cholick, and Wind in the Stomach. Take of the Flowers of Brimſtone one Part, of Oyl of Anniſe-ſeeds four parts; digeſt them till the Brimſtone is diſſolv'd, and till the Balſam is red. This is called Balſam of Sulphure anniſated. 'Tis good for Coughs, and Obſtructions of the Lungs, and Conſumptions. If the Sick hath not a Fever, five or ſix Drops may be taken at a time, mix'd with Sugar. The following Electuary was frequently uſed by Dr. Coiſh, who was an excellent Practitioner, and a Man of good Reputation in London: Take of Anniſe-ſeeds finely powder'd, of the Powder of Liquoriſh each three Drams; of the Flower of Sulphure one Dram and an half; with two Ounces and an half of the beſt Hony make an Electuary; to which add fifteen Drops of Balſam of Sulphure, and ten Drops of Oyl of Anniſe-ſeeds. This is excellent for Coughs, and at the Beginning of Conſumptions: Take two Drams of it in the Morning, and at Bed-time. Balls for Colds in Horſes are made in the following manner: Take of the Powders of the Seeds or Fenugreek, Anniſe, Cummin, Baſtard-Saffron, Elecampane, of the Leaves of Colt's foot, and Flower of Sulphure, each two Ounces; of Juice of Liquoriſh (diſſolv'd in half a Pint of White-wine) one Ounce; of Oyl of Olives and Hony, each eight Ounces; of Januen's Treacle twelve Ounces, of Oyl of Anniſe-ſeeds one Ounce; mingle them all together, and with a Pound and an half of Wheaten Flower, or as much as will ſuffice make Balls.

No Simple Medicine is ſo much in uſe all over India, as Aſa Foetida, for Medicines, and for Sauſe for Meat; and they uſually mix it with their Broths. They uſe it as a Medicine to quicken the Appetite, to ſtrengthen the Stomach, to diſcuſs Wind, and to excite Venery: But in Europe 'tis chiefly uſed inwardly, for Mother-ſits, a Peripneumonia, and for Wounds. 'Tis uſed outwardly for Swellings of the Spleen, Mother-fits, and the like. If any one is ſubject to the Falling-ſickneſs, let Aſa Foetida be held to his Noſe as ſoon as the Fit comes. Take of Aſa Foetida one Ounce, of the Leaves of Rue one Handful, of the beſt Vinegar one Pint; boyl them in a Veſſel of a narrow Mouth: Let thoſe that are ſubject to Vapours and Mother-fits receive the hot Vapour of it into their Mouths and Noſtrils often in a Day. Take of Aſa Foetida, Caſtor, and Myrrh, each one Scruple; of the Faecula, or Lees of Briony half a Scruple; of the Seeds of Rue, and of Saffron, each eight Grains; with Syrup of Mugwort make twelve Pills: Three or four may be taken at a time. But if the Patient cannot take Pills, they may be diſſolv'd in Mugwort-water. Theſe Pills are very good in Hyſterical Diſeaſes, and for Mother-fits. But when the Fits are very violent, the following Pills are uſed very ſucceſsfully, and do moſt commonly take them off: Take of Aſa Foetida one Scruple, of Caſtor ſix Grains, of Laudanum three Grains; make three or four Pills, let the Patient take them preſently. The Fetid Pills, tho' they are Purging, may be conveniently given in the Fit, for they do not uſe to work till the Fit is over. The Doſe is half a Dram. The Plant, whereof Aſa Foetida is the Juice, (for it is preſs'd out of a Root) grows in the Perſian Empire.

The Balſam of it, called Opobalſamum, has been famous in all Ages for curing of Wounds: And ſo effectual has it been accounted, that other Vulnerary Oyls and Ointments have taken their Names from it: And therefore Quacks and Mountebanks grace their Medicines with the Name of Balſam, to make them more acceptable to the People. There are many Obſervations of dangerous Wounds that have been cured in a ſhort time by the uſe of this Balſam. It cleanſeth ſordid Ulcers. It doth much good in the Bitings of Serpents and Scorpions, inwardly taken, or outwardly applied. Half a Dram of it taken every Morning, is good in the Plague, and a good Preſervative againſt it. Two Scruples, or a Dram of it is very good in Chronical Fevers, occaſion'd by crude and cold Humours, or by Obſtructions of the Bowels. It clears the Sight, and is good in Diſeaſes of the Ears. Beſides, 'tis uſeful in Convulſions that proceed from Cold and Moiſture; alſo for Giddineſs, Falling-ſickneſs, Palfies, and the like; for Coughs that proceed from a cold Humour; for Difficulty of Breathing, and Catarrhs; for Crudities, and Wind in the Stomach; for a moiſt and cold Intemperies of the Womb; for Barrenneſs, the Whites, Difficulty of Urine, occaſion'd either by Wind or Gravel. Women alſo make uſe of it to beautifie the Face. Lobelius wrote a whole Book of the Virtue of it. It grows only in the Land of Judea.

'Tis of great Virtue in outward and inward Diſeaſes. 'Tis hot and dry. It diſſolves, digeſts, and diſcuſſes. Some Drops of it taken in a Morning faſting, is good in an Aſthma. 'Tis good for the Intemperies of the Stomach, and Weakneſs of the Bowels. It opens Obſtructions, and takes off the Chilneſs of the Breaſt, and Hypochondra's, being anointed with a warm Hand. By rubbing of it on the Head, it ſtrengthens the Brain, and prevents Convulſions, and the Palſie, and ſtrengthens all the Nerves. When a Nerve is prick'd, it takes off the Acrimony of the Sanies, from whence proceed Pains and Convulſions. When Animals are wounded, or bit by Venomous Creatures, by Inſtinct of Nature they rub themſelves on the Bark of this Tree, and ſo are preſently reliev'd. 'Tis commonly uſed by Dr. Willis, and others, in making of Purging Pills. It comes from Peru and New-Spain, in Earthen Jars. 'Tis of a very dark Colour, and of a fragrant Smell.

'Tis of the Conſiſtence and Smell of diſtill'd Oyl of Turpentine. The Bark being cut at Full-Moon, it diſtils in ſuch a quantity, that in the ſpace of three Hours it drops ſix Quarts. 'Tis not only excellent for healing and cleanſing Wounds, eſpecially of the Nerves, and for curing the Biting of Serpents; but it is alſo very beneficial taken inwardly: For three or four Drops taken in an Egg, twice or thrice in a Morning, cures a Dyſentery, and other Fluxes of the Belly, the Whites, and a Gonorrhaea. The Jews experience the Salutary Virtue of it in Circumciſion; for they ſtop the Blood, flowing from that cruel Wound, with it, which before was deadly to many of them. This Tree is wont to be much rub'd by Animals that are bit by Serpents, or hurt by Wild Beaſts; to which they run for Cure by natural Inſtinct. It grows plentifully in the Iſland called Maranhow.

They are the Flowers of the Wild Pomegranate; ſome of them are as big as a Damask-Roſe, others much leſs. They corroborate the Stomach; are drying, binding, cooling, and aſtringent. They ſtop Catarrhs, a Looſneſs, the Bloody-Flux, a Gonorrhaea, and the like. They ſettle the Teeth when they are looſe, and cure Burſten Bellies. They are brought from Turky, and Spain, and ſome other Places. Take of the Roots of Biſtort, Tormentil, of Pomegranate-peel, each one Ounce; of the Leaves of Plantane, Knot-graſs, Shepherd's-purſe, and Horſe-tail, each one Handful, of Cypreſs-Nuts, Balauſtians, Pomegranate, Myrtle, and Shumach, each one Ounce; boyl them in Smith's Water, and rough Wine; ſtrain it, and make a Fomentation. This is a good aſtringent Fomentation. Balauſtians are alſo an Ingredient of the Syrup of Myrtles in the London-Diſpenſatory.

It mollifies, diſcuſſes, opens, and cleanſes. But it is to be noted, when it is freſh, it mollifies moſt powerfully; when it is old, it diſcuſſes and cleanſes beſt. 'Tis chiefly uſed inwardly, for a Cough, and an Ulcer of the Lungs, and to expel Gravel, and to provoke Urine, and the like. Outwardly uſed, it diſcuſſes Hardneſs and Knots of the Nerves. Take of Bdellium, Gum-Ammoniacum, and Opoponax, each two Drams; diſſolve them in White-wine, ſtrain them, and boyl them; then add of the Confection of Hamech and Diaphoenicon, each two Ounces; of the Catholicon Duplicatum half an Ounce, of Faetid Pill two Drams; make an Opiat; of which take half an Ounce, adding to it twenty Grains of Mercurius dulcis: Continue the uſe of it ſeveral Days together, and it will take off the Hardneſs and Swelling of the Spleen.

It attenuates: 'Tis hot and dry. 'Tis uſed for Coughs, Rheums, and Obſtructions of the Lungs. It comes from Sumatra, Surat, and ſeveral other Places. Flowers and the Oyl of Benjamin are made in the following manner: Take an Earthen Pot, high and narrow, with a little Border round it; put into it three or four Ounces of clear Benjamin, groſly powder'd; cover the Pot with a Coffin of Paper, and tye it round about, under the Border; ſet the Pot into hot Aſhes, and when the Benjamin is heated, the Flowers will ſublime; take off the Coffin every two Hours, and fix another in its place; ſtop up quickly, in a Glaſs, the Flowers you find in the Coffins; and when thoſe which afterwards ſublime do begin to appear Oyly, take the Pot off the Fire, put that which remains into a little Glaſs Retort; and fitting a Receiver to it, diſtil in a Sand-heat a thick and fragrant Oyl, until no more comes forth; and there will remain in the Retort nothing but a very ſpungy Earth. The Flowers are good for Aſthmatical Perſons, and to fortifie the Stomach. The Doſe is, from two Grains to five, in an Egg, or in Lozenges. The Oyl is a Balſam for Wounds and Ulcers. Tincture of Benjamin is made in the following manner: Take three Ounces of Benjamin, and half an Ounce of Storax; powder them groſly, and put them into a Pottle-Matraſs, half empty; pour upon them a Pint of Spirit of Wine; ſtop your Veſſel cloſe, and ſet it in warm Horſe-dung; leave it in Digeſtion for a Fortnight; after which, filtrate the Liquor, and keep it in a Veſſel well ſtop'd. Some do add to it five or ſix Drops of Balſam of Peru, to give it a better Smell. 'Tis good to take away Spots in the Face. A Dram of it is put into four Ounces of Water, and it whitens like Milk: This Water ſerves for a Waſh, and is called Virgin's Milk. Take of Fat Ammoniacum, diſſolv'd in Vinegar of Squills, one Ounce; of Extract of Aloes half an Ounce, of Cryſtal of Tartar one Dram, of Myrrh, and Saffron, each half a Dram; of Maſtich, Benjamin, and Salt of Aſh-tree and Wormwood, each one Scruple; with Oxymel of Squills make a Maſs for Pills. The Doſe is, half a Dram, twice a Week; Purging being uſed betwixt whiles. Theſe Pills are good for a Scirrhus of the Spleen.

Diſcorides, and others of the Ancients, attribute many Virtues to it. It purges upward and downward, and evacuates Choler and Flegm. It has an Acrid Moiſture, whereby it ſubverts the Stomach, occaſions Nauſeouſneſs, and moves the Belly. It purges groſs and clammy Flegm by Vomit and Stool; wherefore it is good for a Flegmatick Cholick. Mixed with Hony, it reſolves hard Swellings, and the King's-Evil. Made up into a Pultis with Barly-Meal and Hony, it doth good in cold Diſeaſes of the Nerves. Mix'd with Meal of Lupines, it takes off Obſtructions and Hardneſs of the Liver and Spleen. The Oyl drop'd into the Ear, cures Deafneſs, and the Noiſes of it. It cleanſes the Skin from Spots. That which is old is better for inward uſe than the freſh, becauſe by Time the Moiſture is evaporated, which ſo much diſturbs the Body. The like may by obſerv'd in the Roots and Leaves of Aſarabacka; which purge violently upward and downward when they are green, by reaſon of ſuch an Acrid Moiſture; for when they are dry they loſe that malignant and violent force. The ſame is alſo to be obſerv'd in Orris; which, when green, burns and pricks violently; but when it is dry it doth not do ſo. The ſame is to be obſerv'd in the Roots of Wake-Robin, which loſe their Acrimony when they are dry. Take Bdellium, Ammoniacum, and Galbanum, of each equal parts; beat them in a Mortar, with the Oyl of Ben and Lillies; then add the like quantity of the Mucilage of the Seeds of Fenugreek, and Figs: Make an Ointment. 'Tis of great uſe in the Scirrhus.

The Root is hot and dry. Both diſcuſs, attenuate, open, and cleanſe: But the Round is of finer parts, the long of groſſer: Both are Cephalick, Epatick, and Pulmonick. They are good to open the Obſtructions of the Lungs, to provoke the Courſes, to break inward Tumors, and to expel Poiſon. The Infuſion of the long Root is frequently uſed to cure the Itch, and to cleanſe Wounds. 'Tis good for Pains in the Stomach, and for the Hickups. But the chief uſe of both is, to purge the Womb after Child-birth, and to force the Courſes. Take of the Roots of Round Birth-wort half a Dram, of the Leaves of dried Savin one Dram and an half, of Dittany of Crete, of the Troches of Myrrh, of Aſa Foetida, each one Dram; of choice Cinnamon two Drams, of White Sugar two Ounces; make a fine Powder of them all: Take two Drams in the Morning, for ſome Days, in the Broth of Red Vetches, wherein two Drams of Cinnamon and half a Dram of Saffron have been boyl'd. Birth-wort grows every where in the Hedges, in Italy, France and Spain.

'Tis a large and vaſt Tree; and ſo very thick ſometimes, that three Men, with their Arms extended, can ſcarce compaſs it. The Wood is cold and dry; it mitigates Fevers; 'tis Binding, and Strengthening. Infus'd in the Cold, with Eye-water, it cures Inflammations of the Eyes. The Wood is much uſed for making Handles for Knives and Swords, and Drum-ſticks. 'Tis very denſe and ponderous, and may be poliſh'd. Take of Sarſaperilla, of Crude Antimony, and of the Shells of Nuts, each ſix Ounces; of the Roots of China one Ounce, of Brazile-wood a little, of Water nine Pints; boyl half away; the Antimony, and the Shells powder'd, muſt be hang'd in a Rag, ſo that they may not touch the bottom of the Veſſel; ſtrain it: Take a large Draught in the Morning, three Hours before Dinner; and in the Afternoon, four Hours after Dinner; and three Hours after Supper, for fifteen Days; Bleeding and Purging being firſt uſed. This is commended in the Gout.

'Tis aſtringent, and is uſed for Fluxes of the Belly, and the Whites. It ſtops Bleeding, and cures Wounds. The Freſh are more aſtringent than the Dry, but they occaſion the Head-ach; and if many of them are eaten they intoxicate when they are dry. They ſtop Spitting of Blood, and are good for the Bloody-Flux. A Decoction of them is a very aſtringent Gargariſm. Boyl'd in Wine, they take off Proud Fleſh, and Cicatris'd Ulcers. A Decoction of it makes the Hair black. And being taken inwardly, it cures Diſeaſes of the Reins and Bladder. When they are ripe they are good for an Hoarſneſs and Coughs, Difficulty of Breathing, a Pleuriſie, and a Peripneumonia. They are an Ingredient of the Pectoral Decoction of the London-Diſpenſatory. Take of Dates cleanſed number Ten, of Raiſins of the Sun three Ounces; boyl them in Oxycrate, afterwards beat them, and add, of Camomile-flowers, and of the Flowers of Melilot and Red Roſes, each one Pugil; of Spikenard and Camel's-Hay, each one Dram; of the Seed of Smallage and Parſly, each half a Dram; of Endive and Purſlain, each one Dram and an half; of the Oyl of Wormwood and Roſes, each one Ounce; of Barly-meal two Ounces; make a Pultis. This is uſed for Inflammations and Ulcers of the Liver.

The Wood is as black as Pitch, and as ſmooth as poliſh'd Ivory. 'Tis good for the Diſeaſes of the Eyes. Many ſorts of things are made of it; as, Caſes, Cheſts, Combs, Frames for Pictures and Looking-glaſſes, and the like. An Engliſh Man that was frequently ſeiz'd with Flatulent Convulſions, was cured by uſing a Decoction of Ebony for the ſpace of forty Days; whereby he did ſweat much.

The Root of White Hellebore, which is only in uſe in Phyſick, purges very violently upward and downward; yet it may be uſed, ſays Tragus, being infus'd twenty four Hours in Wine or Oxymel, and afterwards dried: Half a Dram of it, ſo prepar'd, may be given in Wine to Mad and Melancholy People. But either of the Hellebores, ſays Geſn • r, may be uſed inoffenſively, being boyl'd to a Syrup with Hony and Vinegar; and are very uſeful for many Flegmatick Diſeaſes, eſpecially of the Breaſt and Head; as, an Aſthma, Difficulty of Breathing, and the Falling-ſickneſs. They wonderfully purge the Belly, the Urine, and all the Paſſages. In the Uſe of White Hellebore two Things are chiefly to be minded: Firſt, That the Diſeaſes are very obſtinate: And Secondly, That the Patient hath ſufficient Strength to bear the Operation. Wherefore the Root ought not to be given to Old Men, Women, or Children, or to ſuch as are weakly, and coſtive in the Body: And the Hellebore ought to be well prepar'd. The old Way of giving of it was, with Horſe-Radiſh, which they uſed three Ways; for, either they ſtuck the Roots into Horſe-Radiſh, and continu'd them in it twenty four Hours; and afterwards, the Roots being taken out, they gave the Horſe-Radiſh: Or they infus'd the Horſe-Radiſh, ſtuck with the Roots, in Oxymel, in B. M. and gave only the Oxymel: Or, they left the Horſe-Radiſh ſo prepar'd all Night, and in the Morning infus'd it in Oxymel, having firſt caſt away the Hellebore; and then they gave the Oxymel. But Parkinſon ſays, the beſt Way of preparing it is, to infuſe it in the Juice of Quinces; or to roaſt it under Aſhes, in a Quince. If, upon taking Hellebore, there is danger of Suffocation, the eating of Quinces, or the taking the Juice or Syrup of it, is a preſent Remedy. The Root boyl'd in Vinegar, and retain'd a while in the Mouth, takes off the Pain of the Teeth. A Decoction of it made in Lee kills Lice, aad cleanſes the Head from Scurf, it being waſh'd with it: And mix'd with ſome Ointment, it does the ſame, and cures the Itch, and other Vices of the Skin. Made up into a Paſte, it kills ſeveral Animals; as, Moles, Mice, Weaſlles, Birds, and the like. The Powder of it blown up into the Noſtrils, occaſions Sneezing; wherefore it is called in Engliſh Sneez-wort. Parkinſon ſays, the Spaniards make a Poyſon of the Juice of the Root, being fermented in an Earthen Pot; wherewith they anoint their Arrows, that the Wounds inflicted by them may be render'd incurable. 'Tis very ſtrange that this Poyſon taken into the Body ſhould not be deadly, and yet that the Wound touch'd with it ſhould be ſo. But the ſame may be ſaid of the Poyſon of Vipers; which being taken inwardly, occaſions no deadly Symptoms; but being mix'd with the Blood▪ through the Orifice of a Wound, or Puncture, ſoon kills, unleſs the Party is immediately reliev'd by proper Remedies. To conclude, both Hellebores were formerly uſed for Melancholy and Mad People, and now they are only uſed in great Diſeaſes; as, for the Falling-ſickneſs, Giddineſs, Madneſs, Dropſie, Hip Gout, Convulſions, and the like. The Extract of Hellebore of the London-Diſpenſatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Roots of White Hellebore cut one Pound, of Fountain-water ſix Quarts; infuſe them three Days, then boyl it half away, and preſs it out ſtrongly; to the ſtrain'd Liquor add three Pounds of Hony, and boyl it to the Conſiſtence of Hony, and keep it in a Glaſs for uſe. It grows in hilly and rough Grounds, not only in Greece, and Italy, and other hot Countries, but alſo in Germany.

It purges ſtrongly melancholy Humours, and therefore conſequently is a good Medicine for all thoſe Diſeaſes which take their Riſe from thence; as, Madneſs, Hypochondriacal Paſſion, and Elephantiaſis, Herpes, Cancers, Giddineſs, Falling-ſickneſs, Apoplexy, and the Itch. But it is to be noted, that it ought to be given only to ſtrong People. There is leſs danger in the Decoction of it. 'Tis corrected with Maſtich, Cinnamon, Anniſe-ſeeds, Fennel-ſeeds, and the like. Some ſay, that Black Hellebore, rightly prepar'd, is a very innocent Medicine; and that it may be given to Women and Children, and to weakly People. The Doſe of it, in ſubſtance, is, from fifteen Grains to half a Dram, or two Scruples: Thoſe that are very ſtrong may take a Dram. 'Tis given in Infuſion, or Decoction, from a Dram to two Drams. When it is taken in ſubſtance, the form of it is a Powder; as, Take of Black Hellebore two Scruples; of Ginger, Maſtich, Red Roſes, Cinnamon, and Anniſe-ſeeds, each four Grains; mingle them in Broth: Children may take a Scruple. 'Tis alſo made up into Pills, with ſome convenient Syrup. The Virtue of the Root is wholly in the Fibres, and the Bark. 'Tis beſt corrected with Cloves. Hartman commends, for an immoderate Flux of the Courſes, a Girdle made with the freſh Leaves of Black Hellebore, and worn about the Loins. Take of Black Hellebore two Scruples, infuſe them in a ſufficient quantity of Roſe-Vinegar, or in Whey, for twenty four Hours, then dry it, and reduce it to a Powder, and add to it of Anniſe-ſeeds and Cinnamon, each half a Scruple; mingle them, and make a Powder. This is commended by Margravius, as a fit Purge for melancholy People.

'Tis a concreted Juice, that is very acrid. You muſt chuſe that which is pure, yellow, and acrid; which being juſt touch'd by the Tongue, heats the Mouth a long while after; but it grows milder by Time; and therefore, when it is freſh, it ought to be uſed with great Caution. It wonderfully purges Watery Humours from the whole Body: But it is a churliſh Medicine; for, beſides the malignant Propriety of its Subſtance, it has an inflaming Faculty. Take of Euphorbium diſſolv'd in Vinegar, and thicken'd again, eight Grains; of the Seeds of Purſlain fifteen Grains: Make Pills with Roſe-Vinegar. Or, Take of Euphorbium infus'd in Oyl of Almonds for the ſpace of a Night, and afterwards roaſted under Aſhes, in a Citron, ten Grains; of the Seeds of Lettice one Scruple: Make Pills with the Juice of Citron. Or, Take of Euphorbium prepar'd four Grains, of Caſſia freſh drawn half an Ounce; with Sugar make a Bolus. Theſe Preparations of Euphorbium, Maggravius reckons up amongſt his Flegmagoges. But Hoffmannus is of the Opinion, that Euphorbium ought not to be taken inwardly. 'Tis much uſed for the Caries of the Bones, and for Wounds: See our Wiſeman, and Fabricius Hildanus. But Care muſt be taken that it be not ſprinkled upon Ulcers of the Jaws, Noſtrils, Palate and Tongue; or upon thoſe Places where Tendons or Nerves are expos'd naked; leſt by velicating and biting them, it ſhould occaſion dangerous Symptoms.

They are very grateful to the Stomach, whether they are eaten, or drunk in Wine. They do good for the Biting of Creeping Beaſts. They are bitteriſh. They open Obſtructions, eſpecially of the Liver; and alſo of the Breaſt and Lungs. They are reckon'd very Nutritive, and Provocatives to Venery; for which Reaſon they are frequently uſed, with other Reſtauratives, by the Spaniſh, Italian and French Phyſicians: And they ſo much depend upon them, that they ſcarce make any ſtrengthening Medicine without them. Oyl of Piſtachio-nuts eaſes inward Pains that proceed from Viſcid Flegm and Wind. 'Tis alſo uſeful in Convulſions, and for the Palſie.

The Root, which, in a manner, is only uſed, is Cardiack, and Alexipharmick. 'Tis a good Preſervative againſt the Plague, taken any way; and is reckon'd good againſt Poyſon, and the Biting of Venomous Creatures. It kills Worms, a Dram of it being taken at a time. 'Tis uſed in cold Diſeaſes of the Womb, and to force the Courſes and Urine. It haſtens Delivery, expels the Secundine, and a dead Child, two Drams of it being taken in Wine. 'Tis alſo good for the Gripes, and Gravel. 'Tis alſo mix'd with Vulnerary Potions; and is uſed in the Falling-ſickneſs, and for Diſeaſes of the Head. The Roman Women make a Coſmetick of the diſtill'd Water; and they alſo uſe it for Inflammations of the Eyes. The Cods and Flowers being touch'd, occaſion Itching; and in hot Countries, burn the Skin. Take of the Roots of Fraxinella, Biſtort, Tormentil, Maſter-wort, Gentian, Carline-Thiſtle, of both the Birth-worts, of Pentaphyllum, Zedoary, of the Greater Valerian, Contrayerva, Angelica, Elecampane, Virginian Snake-weed, of the Leaves of Carduus Benedictus, Scabious, Meadowſweet, Rue, Savin, Pennyroyal, Scordium, St. John's wort, of the Bark of Citron, Oranges, Cinnamon, of the Berries of Laurel, Juniper, of the Fleſh of Toads, each two Ounces; of Viper's Fleſh four Ounces, of the beſt Saffron half an Ounce; make of all a Powder; to which add, of the Extract of Juniper-berries made in White-wine, and evaporated to the Conſiſtence of Hony, a ſufficient quantity to make a Confection; to which add Oyl of Rue, Amber, Cloves, Juniper, mix'd with Sugar, each two Scruples; mingle them all according to Art, and then add to each Pound of this Confection two Ounces of Venice-Treacle and Mithridate. This is the Orvictan, ſo much cried up by ſome.

The Root of it is good in all Caſes wherein Ginger is uſed; and it is wont to be candied like Ginger. It provokes Appetite, as Capers and Olives do. The freſh Root of either of them, cut into Slices, is boyl'd with Fleſh and Fiſh for the ſame purpoſe. 'Tis alſo eaten raw, with Oyl, Salt and Vinegar, with Fiſh and Fleſh, to help Concoction. 'Tis uſed in the cold Diſeaſes of Men and Beaſts. 'Tis Cephalick, Cardiack, and Stomachick. It ſtrengthens the Stomach, and takes off Sowr Belching. Being chew'd in the Mouth, it diſcuſſes Wind, and cures a Stinking Breath. It does good in the Cholick, heats the Reins, and provokes Venery. Candied with Sugar, it is good for cold Diſeaſes of the Head and Nerves. It cures the Head-ach, and eaſes the Pain of the Limbs. 'Tis good for the Palpitation of the Heart, uſed with the Juice of Plantane. The Powder of it taken in good Wine, or Balm-water, or in the Juice of Borrage, cures Fainting, proceeding from a cold Cauſe. The Germans uſe to give it to thoſe that are about to be Let Blood, to chew it in their Mouths, to prevent Fainting. It grows ſpontaneouſly in Malabar and Java.

'Tis a fat Juice, but cannot be diſſolv'd with Oyl; in Water it may. 'Tis of a middle Nature, betwixt a Gum and a Reſin; for it will burn like Reſin, and diſſolve in Water like a Gum. 'Tis of a yellow Colour, and of a ſoft Subſtance, like Wax. It taſtes bitteriſh and acrid, and ſmells very ſtrong. The chief uſe of it is, to mollifie and digeſt. 'Tis uſed inwardly to provoke the Courſes, to haſten Delivery, to expel the Secundine, and a dead Child. 'Tis alſo outwardly uſed in Child-bearing, for the Courſes, for Mother-fits, and for Giddineſs. The Fume of it is good in the Falling-ſickneſs, for Mother-fits, and for Fainting, and the like. 'Tis ſaid by ſome of the Ancients, that he that waſhes his Hands with a Solution of it, may ſafely handle Serpents: But the Truth of it may be well doubted. Take of Galbanum, and choice Myrrh, each one Dram and an half; of Caſtor ſixteen Grains; with a ſufficient quantity of the Balſam of Peru: Make twelve Pills of each Dram: Give three at Bed-time, drinking upon them three or four Spoonfuls of Compound-Briony-water: Continue the uſe of theſe Pills thirty Days. Theſe Pills are very proper in Hyſterick Diſeaſes. Take of Galbanum diſſolv'd in Tincture of Caſtor, and ſtrain'd, three Drams; Tacamahaca two Drams; mingle them; make a Plaſter to be applied to the Navel. This Plaſter is very proper in Hyſterick Diſeaſes. 'Tis an Ingredient of ſeveral Plaſters of the London-Diſpenſatory; as, of the Plaſter of Ammoniacum, Barbarum Magnum; of the Plaſter of Cinnabar, and of the Compound Diachylon; of the Plaſter of Mucilages, of the Divine Plaſter, and ſome others. The way to purifie it is, to diſſolve it in Vinegar; then paſſing it through a Cloth, all the Moiſture is to be evaporated away over the Fire. By this means it is cleans'd, indeed, from Straws, and ſome other Impurities that are contain'd in it: But then, part of its Volatile Spirits is evaporated at the ſame time, and in them conſiſts its greateſt Virtue; while ſome others are fix'd by the Acid, which always hinders the Motion of Volatiles. Wherefore I would never adviſe this Purification: I had rather, after chuſing it as clean as may be, only powder it in a Mortar, to mix it with what may be thought fit; for, tho' there ſhould be ſome little Straws in it, they would never be able to alter the nature of the Remedy, or diminiſh its Virtue ſo much, as does the Deſtruction of its Volatile Salts by the Vinegar. But becauſe it is too moiſt to be powder'd, you muſt firſt cut it into little Slices, and dry it in the Sun. 'Tis a Tear of the Herb called Faerula.

The Root of it, which is chiefly uſed, is Alexipharmick. 'Tis uſed in the Plague, and other Contagious Diſeaſes; for Obſtructions of the Liver and Spleen, and the like. 'Tis good for a Dropſie, Mother-fits, Weakneſs of the Stomach, the Worms, Agues, and for the Biting of a Mad Dog. 'Tis frequently uſed outwardly to dilate Ulcers, and to make Iſſues run. The Compound-water of Gentian of the London-Diſpenſatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Roots of Gentian cut one Pound and an half, of the Leaves and Flowers of the Leſſer Centory, each four Ounces; infuſe them for the ſpace of eight Days, in ſix Quarts of White-wine, and then diſtil them in B. M. This Water is a good Preſervative againſt Ill Air, and and Contagious Diſeaſes. It opens Obſtructions of the Liver, ſtrengthens the Stomach, creates an Appetite, and helps Digeſtion. 'Tis good for the Jaundice, and opens Women's Obſtructions. The Extract of Gentian is alſo much in uſe. The Root powder'd, and made into an Electuary, with Conſerve of Orange-peels, and Conſerve of Hips, ſtrengthens the Stomach, creates an Appetite, and expels Wind, and helps Concoction.

It grows in all the Provinces of India. 'Tis candied green in India, and is good for Old People, and ſuch as are cold and flegmatick, and for ſuch whoſe Stomachs do not concoct well; eſpecially, when it is freſh candied. 'Tis alſo good for Viſcid Flegm of the Lungs. The Indians uſe the Leaves of Ginger in Broths, and for the Kitchin. They alſo uſe the Roots of it green, with Oyl and Salt, mix'd with other Herbs. Freſh Ginger is reckon'd by them an excellent Remedy for Cholical Pains, and for the Caeliack and Lientaerick Paſſions. 'Tis alſo good for long Diarrhaea's, proceeding from Cold; and alſo for Wind, and the Gripes, and the like. But it is to be noted, that they who are of a hot Conſtitution ought not to uſe it, whether they are ſick or well; for it inflames the Blood, and opens the Orifices of the Veins. But Ginger and Pepper are more uſed in the Kitchin, than in Phyſick. 'Tis mix'd with purging Medicines that are ſtrong, to correct them. It cleanſes the Lungs and Stomach, ſtrengthens the Brain, and clears the Sight when it is dulled by moiſture. It ſtrengthens the Stomach, and is mix'd with Antidotes. 'Tis an Ingredient in the Cardiack Syrup, of the Cardiack Julep of the London-Diſpenſatory.

It quenches Thirſt, provokes Urine, leſſens Seed, and extinguiſhes Venery. 'Tis uſed in Meats, prepar'd in the following manner: They boyl the inner and white Subſtance, with the unripe and ſoft Seeds; afterwards they cut them ſmall, with Onions, and boyl them with Salt and Butter; and then they are much like Headed Cabbage cut and boyl'd: They are very good for lean People. The Italians cut it into pieces, and boyl it in Broth. It taſtes well, and yields a laudable Juice, and we ſuppoſe it is a convenient Diet for Feveriſh People; for it cools and mollifies. 'Tis much of the ſame Virtue with Cucumber. The freſh Leaves applied to the Breaſts of Women in Child-bed, leſſens the Milk. The Seeds are reckon'd among the four Greater Cold Seeds. For Redneſs of the Face, Take of the Kernels of Peaches four Ounces, of the Seeds of Goards two Ounces; make an Oyl of them by Expreſſion, wherewith anoint the Face. Menſtruous Women, by only looking on young Goards, kill them: But this ſeems fabulous.

It grows as well in Spain and France, as in the Canaries. The Seed, and the Juice of the Herb, and the Leaves, taken inwardly, are commended for Pains in the Bladder.

'Tis a tall Graſs, ſometimes four or five Foot high. It expels Gravel. Silvius ſays, that Sheep and Oxen that are troubled with the Stone in the Winter-time, are freed from it in the Spring by eating Graſs.

It grows in marſhy and watery places, and is eaſily known by the Cotton on it. 'Tis very aſtringent; and is uſed for making Candles, and the like.

'Tis found in May, in the Hedges, and narrow Ways. Tragus ſays, a Decoction of it in White-wine, uſed for ſome Days, is an excellent Remedy for the Worms in Children.

In curing the French-Pox there is no Medicine better or ſurer than the Decoction of Guaiacum; for, if the Cure be manag'd as it ought, and the Decoction be taken in due time, 'tis a certain Cure for this Diſeaſe. 'Tis alſo good in a Dropſie, for an Aſthma, the Falling-ſickneſs, for Diſeaſes of the Bladder and Reins, and for Pains in the Joints, and for all Diſeaſes proceeding from cold Tumors and Wind. The Spaniards learnt the uſe of it from the Indians: For, a certain Spaniard having taken the Diſeaſe from an Indian Woman, was much afflicted with Venereal Pains; and having an Indian Servant who practis'd Phyſick in that Province, he gave his Maſter the Decoction of it, whereby his Pains were eaſed, and his Health reſtored: And by his Example, many other Sapniards were cured. So that, in a ſhort time, this way of Cure was known all over Spain; and ſoon after, every where elſe. The Pox, that is the Diſeaſe of the Weſt-Indians, ininfected the Europeans in the following manner: In the Year 1493. in that War of the Spaniards at Naples, with the French, Columbus return'd from his firſt Voyage which he had undertaken for the Diſcovery of the New World; and having found ſome Iſlands, he brought thence Men and Women to Naples, where His Catholick Majeſty was. Having then made Peace with the French King, both the Armies having free Intercourſe, and Ingreſs, and Egreſs, at pleaſure, the Spaniards had firſt Converſation with the Indian Women, and the Indian Men with the Spaniſh Women: And then it crept afterwards into Italy and Germany, and laſtly into France, and ſo over all the World. At firſt it had many Names: The Spaniards thinking they were infected by the French, called it the French-Pox: The French ſuppoſing they got it at Naples, called it the Neopolitan Diſeaſe: And the Germans thinking they receiv'd it from the Spaniards, called it the Spaniſh Diſeaſe: But others more properly termed it the Indian Malady; for from thence it firſt came. The Way of preparing this Decoction, together with the Method of taking it, is as follows: Take of the Wood cut ſmall twelve Ounces, of the Bark of it beaten two Ounces; infuſe it in ſix Sextaries of Water, in a large Earthen Pot, twenty four Hours; the Pot muſt be cloſe ſtop'd; boyl it with a gentle Fire, to the Conſumption of four Sextaries of the Water; when it is cold ſtrain it, then put upon the ſame Wood eight Sextaries of Water, and boyl it to the Conſumption of two: Keep it a-part. The Way of giving it is as follows: The Sick being purged according as his Phyſician ſhall think fit, he muſt be put into a warm Chamber, and let him go to bed in the Morning, and take ten Ounces of the firſt Water hot; and being well cover'd, he muſt ſweat two Hours; then, being well rub'd, let him change his Linnen, and put on his Clothes well warm'd; four Hours after give him Raiſins and Almonds, with Bread twice baked, whereof let him eat moderately, and drink as much as is ſufficient of the Second Water: Eight Hours after he hath eaten, let him take again ten Ounces of the firſt Water hot, and let him ſweat two Hours, and be cleanſed from his Sweat as before; an Hour after the Sweat, give him the Almonds and Raiſins, and the Bread twice bak'd for his Supper, and let him drink of the Second Water. Let him obſerve this Method for the firſt fifteen Days, unleſs his Strength be much impair'd; for if ſo, he muſt be allow'd a roaſted Chicken, beſides the things above-mention'd: Thoſe that are weakly, and cannot bear ſo ſtrict a Diet, muſt be allow'd alſo a roaſted Chicken after nine Days: But if the Sick be ſo very weakly that he cannot bear at all the fore-mention'd Diet, he muſt eat Chicken ſparingly at the Beginning, increaſing his Meals by degrees. After fifteen or ſixteen Days, purge with ten Drams of the Pulp of Caſſia, or ſome ſuch Medicine, and on the ſame Day let him drink of the Second Decoction: On the Seventeenth Day let him return to the Method above deſcrib'd; let him take, Morning and Evening, the Water of the Firſt Decoction, ſweat, and be dieted as before; only, inſtead of a Chicken, let him eat half a Pullet; and towards the End, ſomewhat more: Let him continue the ſame Diet to the Twentieth Day, at which time, being well cloath'd, let him walk about his Chamber; afterwards purge him again, and let him continue the uſe of the Decoction forty Days more, and let him obſerve an orderly Diet, and abſtain from Women and Wine: But if he nauſeate the Decoction, let him drink Water wherein Anniſe and Fennel have been boyl'd; let him eat a ſmall Supper, and, to be ſure, let him forbear Fleſh then. This Method, ſome think, will eradicate the worſt ſort of Pox: But others hold, there is no other Way of curing it, when it is deeply rooted, than by the uſe of Mercury. The incomparable Chyrurgeon, Mr. Wiſeman, mentions it frequently in his excellent Treatiſe of the French-Pox. Take of Guaiacum four Ounces, of the Bark of the ſame two Ounces, of Sarſaparilla eight Ounces, of the Wood of Saxifrage one Ounce and an half, of the Shavings of Hart's-horn and Ivory, each ſix Drams; infuſe them all Night in ten Quarts of Fountain-water, then boyl them in a Veſſel cloſe ſtop'd, to the Conſumption of a third part; add at the End, of the Leaves and Roots of Soap-wort two Handfuls, of the Leaves of Agrimony, and both the Speed-wells, each one Handful; of Raiſins ſtoned ſix Ounces; of the Seeds of Sweet Fennel and Coriander, each ſix Drams; of Spaniſh Liquoriſh two Ounces; ſtrain the Liquor, and aromatize it with a little Cinnamon, and keep it for uſe: The Patient commonly takes a Quart, or more, of this Drink in a Day. Take of the Leaves of Sena four Ounces, of Gummy Turbith and Hermodactyls, each two Ounces; of Black Hellebore, and the Pulp of Colloquintida, each ſix Drams; of Guaicum and Saxifrage raſp'd, each one Ounce; of the Bark of Guaiacum, and the freſh Berries of Juniper, and the outward Bark of Citrons, each half an Ounce; of Cinnamon and Cloves, each two Drams; infuſe them in equal Parts of the Waters of Balm, Meadow-ſweet, and Carduus Benedictus, for the ſpace of forty eight Hours; then boyl them gently, and ſtrain out the Liquor; diſſolve in it, of Aloes-Roſat two Ounces, Diagridium one Ounce; bring it to the Conſiſtence of an Extract, and keep it for uſe: The Doſe is, from half a Dram to one Dram. This is a proper Purge in the French Diſeaſe. Or, Take of the Extract above deſcrib'd two Drams, of the Gum of Guaiacum half a Scruple, of Mercurius dulcis one Scruple; make Pills with the Syrup of Buck-thorn: Theſe Pills are alſo uſed for the ſame Diſeaſe. Diſtillation of Guaiacum is perform'd in the following manner: Take the Shavings of Guaiacum, fill a large Retort with them, three quarters full; place it in a Rever-beratory Furnace, and joyn to it a great capacious Receiver; begin the Diſtillation with a Fire of the Firſt Degree, to warm the Retort gently, and to diſtil the Water which is called Flegm; continue it in this condition until there come no more Drops, which is a Sign that all the Flegm is come; throw away that which you find in the Receiver, and fitting it again to the Neck of the Retort, lute well the Junctures; you muſt afterwards increaſe the Fire by degrees, and the Spirits and Oyl will come forth in white Clouds; continue the Fire until there comes no more; let the Veſſels cool, and unlute them; pour that which is in the Receiver into a Tunnel lined with Brown Paper, and, ſet upon a Bottle, or ſome other Veſſel; the Spirit will paſs through, and leave the black, thick, and very fettid Oyl in the Tunnel; pour it into a Viol, and keep it for uſe. 'Tis an excellent Remedy for Rottenneſs of the Bones, for the Tooth-ach, and to cleanſe old Ulcers. It may be rectified, and may be uſed inwardly for the Falling-ſickneſs and Palſie, and to drive forth the Afterbirth: The Doſe is, from two Drops to ſix, in ſome convenient Liquor. The Spirit of Guaicum may be rectified in a Limbeck, to ſeparate the Impurity that paſſes with it: It works by Perſpiration, and by Urine: The Doſe is, from half a Dram to a Dram and an half. 'Tis likewiſe uſed, mix'd with Water of Hony, to cleanſe Inveterate Ulcers. You will find in the Retort the Coals of Guaiacum, which you may turn into Aſhes by putting Fire to them: Calcine theſe Aſhes ſome Hours in a Potter's Furnace, then make a Lee of them with Water, filtrate it, and evaporate it in a Glaſs, or Earthen Veſſel, in Sand, there will remain the Salt of Guaiacum; which you may make white by calcining it in a Crucible, in a ſtrong Fire. This Salt is Aperitive, and Sudorifick; it may ſerve, as all other Alkalies, to draw the Tinctures of Vegetables: The Doſe is, from ten Grains to half a Dram, in ſome convenient Liquor. During the Diſtillation you muſt not make the Fire too ſtrong; for the Spirits coming forth with a great deal of Violence, will be apt to break either the Retort or the Receiver. Tho' Guaiacum be a very dry Body, yet abundance of Liquor is drawn from it; for, if you put into the Retort four Pounds of this Wood, ſixteen Ounces to the Pound, you will draw thirty nine Ounces of Spirit and Flegm, and five Ounces and an half of Oyl; there will remain in the Retort nineteen Ounces of Coals, from which you may draw half an Ounce, or ſix Drams of an Alkali-Salt. The Oyl of Guaiacum is Acrimonious, by reaſon of the Salts it has carried along with it; and it is the Gravity of the Salts that does precipitate it to the bottom of the Water. This Oyl does good for the Tooth-ach, becauſe it ſtops the Nerves with its Ramous Parts; hindring thereby the Air from entring. Moreover, by means of the Acrimonious Salts which they contain, they do diſſipate a Flegm, which uſes to get within the Gum, and cauſes Pain. Take of Guaiacum, cut into ſmall pieces, eight Ounces; of Sarſaparilla ſix Ounces, of the Bark of Walnut-tree, of the Roots of Fig-wort, and of Saxifrage, each two Ounces; Herb Robert three Handfuls, of Raiſins of the Sun ſtoned, and of Live Millepedes, each one Pound; make a Bag for four Gallons of New Beer. This is a Diet-drink for the King's Evil. Guaiacum grows in Hiſpaniola, Jamaica, and ſome other Places.

Chuſe that which is without Sand, that is pure, yellow without, and clear within; which burns clear when it is fired, and ſoftens, and ſticks to the Hands when handled, and flies into many ſhining pieces when it is knock'd with an Hammer: It will diſſolve in Water; it ſmells ſtronger than Galbanum, and hath a bitteriſh Taſte. It attenuates, and reſolves, and draws violently, and moves the Belly. 'Tis chiefly uſed for Pains of the Gout, to reſolve the viſcid and thick Mucilage of the Lungs, and Meſentery; and for obſtinate Obſtructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Womb; and for the Stone. 'Tis uſed outwardly for a Scirrhus, for the King's-Evil, and to diſſolve other hard Swellings. Gum-Ammoniack is diſtill'd in the following manner: Put a Pound of Gum-Ammoniack into an Earthen Retort, or a Glaſs one, luted, big enough for two thirds to remain empty; place this Retort in a Reverberatory Furnace, and fitting to it a Receiver, begin the Diſtillation with a very little Fire, to warm gently the Retort, and drive forth, Drop by Drop, a little Flegmatick Water; when the Vapours begin to appear, throw out that which is in the Receiver; and re-fitting it, and luting cloſe the Joints, increaſe the Fire by degrees, and continue it until all is come forth; then let the Veſſels cool, and unlute them; pour out that which is in the Receiver, into a Tunnel lined with Brown Paper; the Spirit will paſs through, and leave the thick, black Oyl in the Filter: Keep it in a Viol. 'Tis good for the Palſie, and Hyſterical Diſeaſes; the diſeas'd Parts are rub'd with it: And it is given Women to ſmell to. Put the Spirit into a Glaſs-Limbeck, and rectifie it by diſtilling it in Sand: 'Tis a good Remedy againſt the Plague, and all ſorts of Malignant Diſeaſes. 'Tis uſed in the Scurvy, and all manner of Obſtructions. The Doſe is, from eight to ſixteen Drops. The Spirit of all other Gums may be drawn after the ſame manner. The Plaſter of Ammoniacum of the London-Diſpenſatory is made in the following manner: Take of Ammoniacum, of Bran well ſifted, each one Ounce; Ointment of Marſh-mallows, Compound Mellilot-Plaſter, Roots of Briony and Orris powder'd, of each half an Ounce; Geeſe, Ducks and Hens Fat, of each three Drams; of Bdellium, and Galbanum, each one Dram and an half; Reſin of the Pine, and yellow Wax, of each five Ounces; Oyl of Orris and Turpentine, of each an Ounce and an half; boyl the Fats and Oyl, with Mucilage of Linſeed and Fenugreek, each three Ounces, to the Conſumption of the Mucilage; ſtrain it, and add the Wax, Reſin and Turpentine, the Ointment of Marſh-mallows, with the Plaſter of Melilot; when it begins to be cold, put in the Ammoniacum diſſolv'd in Vinegar, then the Bdellium powder'd, with the reſt of the Powders, and ſo make a Plaſter according to Art. It aſſwages and mollifies hard Swellings, and diſcuſſes the Peccant Humour: It ſoftens the Spleen when hard, and eaſes the Pain of it. The Plaſter of Hemlock, with Ammoniacum, of the London-Diſpenſatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Juice of the Leaves of Hemlock four Ounces, of Vinegar of Squils, and of Gum-Ammoniacum, each eight Ounces; after due Infuſion, ſtrain it, and reduce it to the Conſiſtence of a Plaſter, according to Art: It eaſes Pain, and allays Inflammations. Ammoniacum is alſo uſed in ſome other Plaſters of the London-Diſpenſatory: Take of Gum-Ammoniacum diſſolv'd in Vinegar one Ounce; of Ladanum and Maſtich, each two Drams; of Oyl of Wormwood, and of Wax, each a ſufficient quantity: This is uſed for an Inflammation and Abſceſs of the Liver. Syrup of Ammoniacum of the London-Diſpenſatory is made in the following manner: Take of Maudlin and Cetrach, each four Handfuls; of Common Wormwood one Ounce; of the Roots of Succory and Aſparagus, and of the Bark of the Roots of Capers, each two Ounces; make an Infuſion of them for twenty four Hours: After due Preparation, in three Ounces of White-wine, and of Simple Radiſh-water, and Fumatory-water, each two Pints; boyl them to a Pint and an half, let the ſtrain'd Liquor ſtand till it is clear; diſſolve a-part, in four Ounces of the ſtrain'd Liquor, when it is warm, two Ounces of Gum-Ammoniacum, diſſolv'd firſt in the ſharpeſt White-wine-Vinegar; boyl the reſt to a Syrup, with a Pound and an half of Fine Sugar, adding the Diſſolution of the Gum towards the End. This Syrup opens Obſtructions, and is good for Diſeaſes of the Skin: An Ounce of it, or ſomewhat more, may be taken at a time.

The Indians uſe it for Tumors, and all ſorts of Pain. 'Tis commended for thoſe Diſeaſes which Tacamahaca is wont to cure; but it is more effectual than that. 'Tis brought from Carthage. Take of Gum-Elemi and Turpentine, each half an Ounce; of Olibanum, Maſtich and Gum-Tragacanth, each three Drams; of Bole▪ Armoniack one Ounce and an half; of the Seeds of Nigella, Myrtle and Balauſtians, each one Dram; of Euphorbium one Scruple, of Amber two Drams, of Burgundy-Pitch eight Ounces, of Gum-Caranna ten Drams, of Oyl of Cloves, and Peruvian Balſam, each ſix Grains; mingle them, and make a Plaſter according to Art, to be applied to the Neck.

'Tis very clear, and tranſparent. The Indians uſe it in their Sacrifices, for Perfumes: And their Prieſts uſe it ſo frequently in their Temples, that when the Spaniards came into thoſe Parts firſt, they ſmelt it. 'Tis good for cold Diſeaſes of the Head; and may ſerve inſtead of Frankincenſe, and Gum-Anime. 'Tis alalſo very good for freſh Wounds. It comes from the Weſt-Indies.

Tis of the Colour and Conſiſtence of Wax; it taſtes ſomewhat bitteriſh, and ſmells like Fennel. It diſcuſſes Tumors, cleanſes Sordid Ulcers, and Cicatriſes them. 'Tis of excellent Virtue in Wounds of the Head, and therefore Practitioners always uſe it in Plaſters and Ointments for Fractures of the Scull, and Wounds of the Head. The Plaſter of Gum-Elemi of the London-Diſpenſatory is made in the following manner: Take of Gum-Elemi four Ounces, of Reſin of the Pine, and pure Wax, and Ammoniacum, each two Ounces; of Turpentine three Ounces and an half, of Malaga-Sack a ſufficient quantity; boyl them to the Conſumption of the Wine, then add the Ammoniacum diſſolv'd in Vinegar, and make a Plaſter. Ointment or Liniment of Gum-Elemi of the London-Diſpenſatory is made in the following manner: Take of Gum-Elemi, of Turpentine of the Firr-tree, each one Ounce and an half; of Old Sheep's-Suet cleans'd two Ounces, of Old Hog's-Greaſe, one Ounce; make an Ointment. 'Tis uſed chiefly for Wounds and Ulcers of the Head; but it is alſo good for Ulcers in any Part of the Body. It cleanſes, and incarns, and is very agreeable to the Body.

'Tis a concreted Juice, of a yellow Colour; and if it be moiſten'd with Spittle, it becomes more yellow. What Plant it comes from is uncertain; but it is a great Commodity in the Eaſt-Indies. Take of Gum-Gotta eight Grains, of Conſerve of Roſes three Drams, of Oyl of Mace one Drop: Or, Take of Gum-Gotta ſix Grains, diſſolve it in a ſufficient quantity of freſh Broth. It purges Watery Humours.

'Tis a Juice of an Indian Tree, called Malus Indica Luſitanis. 'Tis not certainly known how it is made; for, what Garcias ſays, of its being made by winged Ants, as Bees make Hony, does not ſeem probable; but it rather ſweats out of the very Tree, or from the Branches of it, at ſet Times, and grows to the Form we ſee it with the Heat of the Sun. The beſt comes from Pegu and Martaban. 'Tis Twofold; namely, Seed-lac, or Shel-lac: 'Tis alſo Factitious. It attenuates, and opens, and purifies the Blood, and provokes Sweat, and is Diuretick. 'Tis chiefly uſed in Obſtructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Gall-Bladder. 'Tis good in a Dropſie, for the Jaundice, an Aſthma, and Impoſt-humes of the Lungs; to expel Malignity, and to force the Courſes. The Species called Dialacca is much commended by moſt Phyſicians, and is made in the following manner: Take of Gum-Lac prepared, and of the Roots of Rhaponticum, each three Drams; of Schaen • nth, Indian Spikenard, Maſtich, of the Juice of Wormwood and Agrimony thicken'd, of the Seed of Smallage, Biſhop's-weed, Fennel, Anniſe, Savine, Bitter Almonds, Cleands, Myrrh, Zedoary, the Roots of Madder, Aſarabacca, of Birth-wort Long and Round, and of Gentian, of Saffron, Cinnamon, dried Hyſop, Woody-Caſſia, and Bdellium, of each one Dram and an half; of Black Pepper and Ginger, each one Dram; make a Powder according to Art. Sealing-wax is made of Gum-Lac: The fine, hard Sealing-wax is made of fine Gum-Lac, melted in an Earthen Veſſel, into which a ſufficient quantity of the colour is put, and mix'd well together; then take it off the Fire, and make it up into Rolls, or Sticks. Red Wax is colour'd with choice Vermillion; Blue Wax with Blue Bice, Smalt, or Ultramarine; Green Wax with Green Bice, Verdigreaſe, or the like; Black Wax with Ivory, or Cherry-ſtone-Black; Purple Wax, with Red Lake, and the like, Coarſe▪ hard Sealing-wax is made in the following manner: Take of Shel-lac twelve Ounces; of Reſin and choice Vermillion, each ſix Ounces; melt them, and mix them together; and when they are of a due Heat make them into Sticks. You may ſet a Gloſs upon them, by gently heating them in a naked Charcoal-fire, and rubbing them with a Cloth till they are cold.

It heats, dries, and is ſomewhat aſtringent. 'Tis chiefly uſed inwardly, for Diſeaſes of the Head and Breaſt, and for Fluxes of the Belly and Womb, and for a Cough, and Spitting of Blood. But the Internal Uſe of it is much diſliked by ſome; for they ſay it occaſions Madneſs. 'Tis uſed outwardly for • umes to ſtrengthen the Head, and to ſtop Catarrhs. It incarns Ulcers, and cures Wounds. Mix'd with Lard, it cures Chilblains. It eaſes the Pain of Ulcers of the fundament, powder'd, and mix'd with Milk. 'Tis mingled with Plaſters, Ointments and Balſams, to cleanſe and incarn Ulcers and Wounds. But the chief uſe of it is in Fractures of the Scull; being powder'd, and mix'd with the White of an Egg, and applied to the Temples, it does good for an Hemicrania, and the Head-ach. Infus'd in ſweet Wine, and drop'd hot into the Ears, it eaſes the Pain of them, and cures Ulcers in them. The Bark of Frankincenſe is more effectual than the Frankincenſe it ſelf, and is more aſtringent. The Smoke of Frankincenſe was formerly uſed to take off Inflammations of the Eyes, and to ſtop Fluxes: But it is not uſed now-a-days. But the moſt ancient and remarkable uſe of it was in holy Things; for they ſacrificed and perfum'd their Temples with it: And the ſame uſe is made of it now-a-days in Chriſtian Churches. It has been alſo uſed, which is very ſtrange, in all Ages, and in all Nations, and by People of all ſorts of Religions, to purifie the Bodies of the Dead. It was called Olibanum by the Greeks, from an Aſſyrian Youth of that Name; who, as it is fabulouſly reported, being maliciouſly ſlain for his pious Behaviour towards the Gods, was turn'd into this Shrub, called Arbor Thurifera. Upon which Account they affirm, that nothing is more pleaſing to the Gods than the Smell of Frankincenſe.

See Panax Herculis.

The Plant, whoſe Juice it is, is unknown. It opens diſcuſſes, attenuates and cleanſes. 'Tis uſed for Pains of the Side and Breaſt, and for Ruptures. It cleanſes the Lungs of thick Matter that ſticks to them. 'Tis uſed in the Falling-ſickneſs, and for Diſeaſes of the Spleen, and the Palſie. It provokes the Courſes; and, taken in Wine, it cures thoſe that are bit by Venomous Creatures. It takes off Mother-fits, being held to the Noſtrils with Vinegar. 'Tis reckon'd amongſt the ſtrongeſt Purgers; but Meſue ſays, it hurts the Stomach and Liver. It may be corrected with ſuch Things as are aſtringent, and preſerve the Tone; as, with Maſtick, Spike, and the like. Schroder reckons the Virtues, in ſhort, thus: 'Tis very drawing: It purges clammy, groſs and watery Humours from the Stomach, Guts, Womb, Reins, Brain, Nerves, Joints, and Breaſt; wherefore it is good for Dropſies, Old Coughs, an Aſthma, the Head-ach, Convulſions, Falling-ſickneſs, Palſie, Obſtructions and Tumors of the Spleen, for the Cholick, to provoke the Courſes and the Urine: But it is not to be uſed to Women with Child, for it kills the Child. 'Tis good outwardly for a Pleuriſie, and other Tumors; for it reſolves and eaſes Pain. The Fume of it takes off a Fit of the Falling-ſickneſs; and cures the little Excreſcencies on the Eye-lids, called Hordeola. Take of Gum-Sagapenum and Ammoniacum, each half a Dram; of Diagridium ſix Grains, of the Troches of Alhandal four Grains; make Pills with Syrup of Betony.

'Tis ſo called becauſe it agglutinates Fleſh. 'Tis beſt when it is freſh, and of a paliſh Colour; for, when it is old it grows reddiſh. It has a bitter Taſte, and is of a porous Subſtance, and eaſily diſſolves in Water. It heats and dries, and is aſtringent. It conſolidates, glutinates, ripens and concocts. 'Tis chiefly uſed for Cicatrizing and healing Wounds. 'Tis excellent for Fluxeons, for the Albugo and Nubeculae of the Eyes, being infus'd in Woman's or Aſſes Milk, and mix'd with Roſe-water.

'Tis much uſed by the Indians, in Tumors of all kinds, in any part of the Body. It wonderfully reſolves, ripens, and diſcuſſes. It takes away all Pains proceeding from Cold and Flegmatick Humours. The Fume of of it takes off Mother-fits. 'Tis commonly applied, in the form of a Plaſter, to the Navel in Hyſterick Diſeaſes. It ſtops all Defluxions from the Head, being wrap'd in a Cloth, and applied behind the Ears. Being applied in the form of a Plaſter to the Temples, it diverts Defluxions on the Eyes, and other parts of the Face. It cures the Tooth-ach, the Hollow Tooth being ſtop'd with it. An excellent Stomach-Plaſter is made of it, and a third part of Storax, and a little Amber-greaſe; for it ſtrengthens the Stomach, provokes Appetite, and helps Concoction, and expels Wind. 'Tis of excellent Virtue in Pains of the Hips, and for Diſeaſes of the Joints, proceeding from cold Humours. Monardes adds a third part of Wax, to make it ſtick the better. This Plaſter is very good for Swellings and Hardneſs of the Spleen.

It flows from the Root, being cut. That which is brought to us is glutinous, white, or yellow, and of a ſweetiſh Taſte. The Water wherein it is infus'd becomes clammy and mucilaginous. It opens Obſtructions, and attemperates Acrimony. It is uſed in Medicines for the Eyes, and for Coughs and Hoarſneſs, and Diſtillations in a Linctus with Hony. A Dram of it being diſſolv'd, and taken in a proper Liquor, mix'd with Burnt Hart's-horn and a little Allum, eaſes the Pain of the Kidnies, and Eroſions of the Bladder. 'Tis good for the Bloody-Flux▪ in Clyſters. And diſſolv'd in Milk or Roſe-water, it takes off Redneſs of the Eyes, and ſtops ſharp Diſtillations on them. A Mucilage is made of it in Water, to form other Medicines; for inſtance, Troches. 'Tis an Ingredient of the Syrup of Hyſop of the London-Diſpenſatory, which is made in the following manner: Take of the Roots of Smallage, Parſly, Fennel, Liquoriſh cut, each ten Drams; of Jujebs and Sebeſtians, each fifteen pair; of Raiſins cleans'd one Ounce and an half; Figs, and fat Dates, of each number Ten; of the Seeds of Mallows, Quinces, and of Gum-Tragacanth, tied up in a Rag, each three Drams; of Hyſop moderately dried ten Drams, of Maiden-hair ſix Drams; all being prepar'd, infuſe them twenty four Hours in eight Pints of Barly-water, then boyl them in B. M. and ſtrain them out hard; to the clear Liquor add ſix Pounds and an half of Fine Sugar, make a Syrup in B. M. It corroborates the Breaſt and Lungs, and is excellent for Coughs.

The Herb cures Warts, being rub'd upon them. 'Tis very effectual in a Carcionoma, and for Gangrenous Ulcers, and King's-Evil-Swellings. The Leaves ſprinkled with Roſe-water, and applied to the Head, eaſe the Pain of it. A Decoction made of the Leaves and Cummin, expels Gravel, and kills Worms.

It grows from the Roots of all the Sorts of Ciſtus. 'Tis very effectual for all Fluxes; as, of Blood, the Fluxes of Women, and for Celiack and Dyſenterick Diſeaſes. 'Tis alſo good to ſtrengthen any Part. 'Tis now-a-days prepar'd in the following manner: They beat the freſh Flowers, and preſs out the Juice, and thicken it in the Sun, and keep it for uſe. Take of Conſerve of Roſes, and of the Roots of the Greater Comfrey, each two Ounces; of Seal'd Earth, Bole-Armoniack, Dragon's-Blood, Red Coral, of the Lapis Hematites, and Troches de Carrabe, of each one Dram; of Hypociſtis, the Grains of Kermes, and the Seeds of Plantane, each one Scruple; with equal parts of Syrup of Poppies and Myrtles make an Opiate; of which, take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening, drinking upon it a little Plantane-water. This is uſed for Voiding of Blood by Urine.

The Root of it is like Mechoacan, but it is cover'd with a black Bark, and is browniſh within. It comes to us ſliced from India. It taſtes gummy, but not unpleaſant. 'Tis ſtronger than the common White Mechoacan, for it purges Watery Humours better. A Dram of the Powder of it may be given at a time. The Purgative Quality reſides in the Reſin. Reſin, or Magiſtery of Jalap is made in the following manner: Put a Pound of Jalap, groſly powder'd, into a large Matraſs; pour upon it Spirit of Wine Alcoholiz'd, until it be four Fingers above the Matter; ſtop the Matras with another, whoſe Neck enters into it; and luting the Junctures with a wet Bladder, digeſt it three Days in a Sand-heat; the Spirit of Wine will receive a red Tincture, decant it, and then pour more upon the Jalap, proceed as before; and mixing your Diſſolutions, filtrate them through Brown Paper; put that which you have filtrated into a Glaſs-Cucurbite, and diſtil in a Vaporous Bath two thirds of the Spirit of Wine, which may ſerve you another time for the ſame Operation; pour that which remains at the Bottom of the Cucurbite, into a large Earthen Pan, fill'd with Water, and it will turn into a Milk, which you muſt leave a Day to ſettle, and then ſeparate the Water by Inclination; you will find the Reſin at bottom, like unto Turpentine; waſh it ſeveral times with Water, and dry it in the Sun, it will grow hard, like common Reſin; powder it fine, and it will become white; keep it in a Viol. It purges Seroſities: 'Tis given in Dropſies, and for all Obſtructions. The Doſe is, from four to twelve Grains, mix'd in an Electuary, or elſe in Pills. The Reſins of Turbith, Scammony and Benjamin may be drawn after the ſame manner. If you uſe ſixteen Ounces of Jalap, you will draw an Ounce and ſix Drams of Reſin. You muſt obſerve to give the Reſin of Jalap always mix'd with ſomething elſe, that may ſeparate its Parts; for if it be taken alone, it will be apt to adhere to the Membrane of the Inteſtines▪ and ſo cauſe Ulcers by its Acrimonious Quality. Moreover, Apothecaries ſhould obſerve to mix it in a little Yolk of an Egg, when they would diſſolve it in a Potion; for it ſticks to the Mortar, like Turpentine, when it is moiſten'd with any Aqueous Liquor. It may be likewiſe incorporated with ſome Electuary, and then it eaſily diſſolves. Twelve Grains of this Reſin work as much as a Dram of Jalap in ſubſtance: But I have always obſerv'd in my Practice, that the Powder of Jalap works better and ſurer than the Reſin. Take of Lenetive Electuary two Drams, of the Cream of Tartar half a Dram, of Powder of Jalap two Scruples; make a Bolus with a ſufficient quantity of Syrup of Buck-thorn; add three Drops of Oyl of Juniper. This purges ſtrongly Watery Humours. For weakly People uſe the following Medicine: Take of Lenitive Electuary one Dram, of Cream of Tartar half a Dram, of Powder of Jalap one Scruple, of Rubarb powder'd ten Grains; with a ſufficient quantity of Syrup of Roſes Solutive, and three Drops of Oyl of Juniper' make a Bolus.

It frequently grows in Gardens here in England. The Root of it taſtes well, and is eaten with Butter and Ginger, and ſometimes baked in a Pye: But however it be dreſs'd, it is windy, and offenſive to the Stomach.

A noted Merchant, and an honeſt Man, who liv'd many Years in Peru, and publiſh'd an Account of this Tree, written in Italian, ſays, it grows in Regno Quitenſi, in a peculiar Place; which the Indians call Loca, or Loia. The Powder of the Bark, given in a due quantity, is the moſt certain and ſafe Remedy for the Cure of an Ague. The incomparable Phyſician, Dr. Thomas Sydenham called it the only Specifick for Agues: Says he, (treating of the Cure of Agues) When I had found the Inconveniences that proceed from Evacuations, and well weighing the Matter, I ſuppos'd that Jeſuit's-Powder would be the most certain Cure. And, indeed, I can truly affirm, notwithſtanding the Prejudice of the Common People, and of ſome few of the Learned, that I never found any Injury by the uſe of it, nor can imagine any; only they that have uſed it a long time, are ſeiz'd ſometimes with a Scorbutick Rheumatiſm, but this happens rarely; and when it does, 'tis eaſily cured by the following Medicines: Take of Conſerve of freſh Garden-Scurvy-graſs two Ounces, of Wood-Sorrel one Ounce, of the Compound-water of Wake-Robin ſix Drams; with a ſufficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges, make an Electuary: Take two Drams of it three times a Day, for the ſpace of a Month; drinking upon it ſix Spoonfuls of the following Water: Take of Garden-Scurvy-graſs eight Handfuls; of Water-creſſes, Brook-lime, Sage and Mint, each four Handfuls; the Bark of ſix Oranges, of bruiſed Nutmeg half an Ounce; infuſe them in ſix Quarts of Brunſwick-Mum, diſtil them in a common Still, and draw off three Quarts of Water. Being called to a Patient that has a Quartan-Ague, ſuppoſe, for Inſtance, on a Monday; and if the Fit be to come that Day, I do then nothing; only, to encourage the Patient, I tell him he will have no more Fits than that. To which End, I give the Bark in the following manner, on Tueſday and Wedneſday: Take of Jeſuit's-powder one Ounce, make an Electuary with a ſufficient quantity of Syrup of July-flowers, or of dried Roſes, to be divided into twelve Parts; whereof, let him take one every fourth Hour, beginning preſently after the Fit is off, drinking upon it a Draught of any Wine. But if the Patient can take Pills beſt, Take of the Jeſuit's-powder one Ounce, with a ſufficient quantity of Syrup of July-flowers, make Pills of a moderate bigneſs; whereof, let him take ſix every fourth Hour. But it is leſs troubleſome, and full as good, that an Ounce of this Powder be mingled with a Quart of Claret, and that eight or nine Spoonfuls of it be taken at the ſame times above-mention'd. On Thurſday, which is the Fit-day, I order nothing; becauſe, moſt commonly, no Fit comes then; the Relicks of the Feveriſh Matter being put off by the uſual Sweats which come towards the End of the preceding Fit, carry it off; and the Proviſion for a new Fit being intercepted by the repeated Juice of the Powder, on the Days betwixt the Fits. But▪ leſt the Ague ſhould return again, eight Days exactly from the time wherein the Sick took the laſt Doſe, I give the ſame quantity of the Powder; namely, an Ounce, divided into twelve Parts, according to the Method above-deſcrib'd. But tho' the Repetition of it once does very often cure the Diſeaſe, yet the Sick is not wholly out of Danger, unleſs his Phyſician repeat it the third or the fourth time, at the ſame diſtances above-mention'd; eſpecially if the Blood has been weaken'd by fore-going Evacuations, or if the Patient has unwarily expos'd himſelf to the cold Air. But, tho' this Remedy has no Purgative Quality in it, yet, by reaſon of the peculiar Temper of ſome Bodies, it often happens, that the Sick is as violently purg'd by the uſe of it, as if he had taken ſome ſtrong Purge: In this Caſe it is neceſſary to give Laudanum with it; and therefore I order ten Drops of Laudanum to be put into Wine, and to be taken after every other Doſe of the Powder, if the Looſneſs continues. The above-mention'd Method cures alſo Quotidian and Tertian-Agues. But tho' Tertian and Quotidian-Agues ſeem wholly to intermit after a Fit or two, yet many times they appear like Continual Fevers; and there is only Remiſſion of the Fever on the Days the Fit ſhould intermit; eſpecially when the Sick hath been kept abed altogether, or has been puniſh'd with an hot Method and Medicines, that are deſign'd to drive out the Fever by Sweat. In this Caſe we muſt lay hold of the leaſt Remiſſion, and give the Powder every fourth Hour; left, whilſt we attend on the Fit, there ſhould not be time enough for the Powder to work upon the Blood. But ſeeing there are ſome that cannot take the Bark, neither in the form of a Powder, nor of an Electuary, or Pills, I give to theſe an Infuſion of it made in the Cold: I infuſe for ſome time two Ounces of the Bark, groſly powder'd, in a Quart of Rheniſh-wine; and four Ounces of the ſaid Infuſion ſeems to contain the Virtue of one Dram of the Powder; and becauſe it is not unpleaſant, nor does oppreſs the Stomach, it may be taken as often again as any other Form of this Medicine; namely, till it has cured the Ague. Sometimes it happens, that before this Diſeaſe forms it ſelf into Regular Fits, the Sick, by reaſon of continual Vomiting, cannot contain the Bark in the Stomach, in what Form ſoever it is taken. In this Caſe, the Vomiting muſt be firſt ſtopped, before the Bark is given: To which End I order, that ſix or eight times, in the ſpace of two Hours, the Sick take one Scruple of Salt of Wormwood, in one Spoonful of the Juice of Limons freſh preſs'd out; afterwards ſixteen Drops of Liquid Laudanum, in a Spoonful of ſtrong Cinnamon-water; and ſoon after, if the Vomiting be ſtop'd, let him take the Jeſuit's-powder. For Infants, whoſe tender Age can ſcarce bear this Remedy in any other Form, at leaſt, ſo much of it as may be ſufficient to cure the Diſeaſe, I preſcribe the following Julap: Take of Black-Cherry-water and Rheniſh-wine, each two Ounces; of the Jeſuit's-powder three Drams, of Syrup of July-flowers one Ounce; mingle them, and make a Julap; give a Spoonful or two, according to the Age of the Child, every fourth Hour, till the Diſeaſe is cured; dropping into every other Doſe, if there be a Looſneſs, a Drop or two of Liquid Laudanum. As to Diet, let the Sick eat and drink what his Stomach craves, Summer-Fruits and cold Liquors only excepted; and let him drink Wine moderately, for his ordinary Drink; by which alone I have recover'd ſome, whoſe Bodies, by reaſon of the frequent Returns of the Ague, have always eluded the Salutiferous Virtue of the Bark. The Diſeaſe being taken off, all manner of Evacuations are carefully to be avoided; for the gentleſt Purge, nay, a Clyſter only of Milk and Sugar, will be apt to occaſion a Relapſe. But this excellent Bark does not only cure Agues, 'tis alſo frequently uſed, by the beſt Phyſicians, for Continual Fevers, in the Gout, and for Hyſterick Diſeaſes, and the Fever that accompanies Conſumptions, commonly called the Hectick Fever, the Bark being given in Infuſion, and ſweeten'd with Syrup of Rasberries. But if, with an Hectick Fever, the Conſumptive Patient be alſo afflicted with a Looſneſs, which commonly ends the Tragedy, the following Pills are of excellent uſe: Take of the Lemnian Earth half a Scruple, of Bole-Armoniack twelve Grains, of the Pill de Stirace one Dram and an half, of the Jeſuit's-powder half an Ounce, of Syrup of July-flowers a ſufficient quantity; make fourſcore Pills; let him take five every ſix Hours, during the Looſneſs; dringing upon them ſeven Spoonfuls of the following Julap: Take of the Aqua-lactis Alexiteria twelve Ounces, of Cinnamon-water hordeated three Ounces, of Dr. Stephens's Water, and Epidemick-water, each two Ounces; of Diacodium three Ounces. The following Medicine is commended for a Conſumption: Take of the Peruvian Bark one Ounce, of the Balſam of Tolu three Drams, of Cochinel one Scruple; boyl them in a Pint of Carduus Benedictus-water; ſtrain it, and add of Syrup of Rasberries and Epidemick-water, each two Ounces: Take four Spoonfuls twice a Day. Some adp to the Infuſion of this Bark, the Leſſer Centory, Wormwood, Charvil, Juniper-berries, the Bark of the Alder-tree, Saxifrage, Salt of Tartar, and divers other Ingredients; but the Baſis of all is the Peruvian Bark, the reſt of the Ingredients do no great Good. Tincture of the Peruvian Bark is made in the following manner: Put into a Bolt-head four Ounces of good Bark, groſly powder'd; pour upon it Spirit of Wine, four Fingers high above the Matter; fit to it another Matraſs, in order to make a double Veſſel; lute well the Junctures, and place your Veſſel to digeſt in Horſe-dung, or in a Vaporous Bath, four Days; ſtir it from time to time, the Spirit of Wine will load it ſelf with a Red Colour; unlute the Veſſels, filtrate the Tincture through Brown Paper, and keep it in a Viol well ſtopped. 'Tis a Febrifuge to be given in Agues, three or four times a Day, after the Fit; and to be continued for a Fortnight: The Doſe is, from ten Drops to a Dram, in ſome proper Liquor; as, in Centory-water, Juniper, Wormwood-Water or Wine. If you put new Spirit of Wine to the Matter which remains in the Matraſs, and ſet it in Digeſtion, as before, you will draw more Tincture, but it will not be ſo ſtrong as the other; wherefore you muſt give it in a larger Doſe. Extract of Peruvian Bark is made in the following manner: Put to infuſe warm twenty four Hours eight Ounces of Peruvian Bark, in a ſufficient quantity of diſtill'd Water of Nuts; afterwards boyl the Infuſion gently, and ſtrain it, make a ſtrong Expreſſion of the Reſidence, put it to infuſe in new Water of Nuts, boyl it and ſtrain it as before; mix together what you have ſtrain'd, let them ſettle, and decant the clear Liquor, and evaporate it in a Glaſs, or Earthen Veſſel, ſet in a Sandheat, unto the Conſiſtence of thick Hony: It has the ſame Virtues as the former. The Doſe is, from twelve Grains to half a Dram, in Pills, or diſſolv'd in Wine. Sir Robert Tabar was the firſt that found out the true Doſe or Quantity of it for curing Agues; for he did not ſtand upon Scruples, but gave Drams and Ounces of it; and ſo it anſwer'd his End, and render'd him and the Bark famous. Being once requir'd by ſome Phyſicians to deſine what an Ague was, he anſwer'd, That an Ague was a Diſeaſe that he could cure, and they could not. 'Tis to be noted, that the Bark, when it is old, is as effectual to cure Agues, as when it is freſh; and, in one reſpect, much better; for the Purgative Quality, which is obſerv'd to be in the freſh Bark, goes off in time. Spon. in his Book of Obſervations, Sur les Fievres, & les Febrifuges, ſays, That by diligent Search he had found, that the Peruvian Bark did not come from the Trunk or Branches, but from the Root; for he had tried ſome of the Bark of the Trunk and Branches, that was ſent to him, and it was not at all bitter. Which Obſervation may be of ſome uſe to thoſe in our World, who endeavour to find a Succedaneum for it. I, ſays he, have made ſome Trials in this Matter: The Bark of the Root of the Peach-tree is very rough, and a little bitter; upon which Account it is, undoubtedly, very proper for a Looſneſs, The Bark of the Roots of the Aſh is alſo rough, and pungently acrid, by reaſon of abundance of Salt contain'd in it, which gives it its Febrifuge Virtue. Laſtly, The Bark of the Roots of the Black-Cherry-tree is rough, and bitter; and therefore the Powder of it given in a Quartan-Ague, leſſens the Fits, but does not quite take them off: Yet, ſays he, I do not queſtion but that it will cure Fevers, being given orderly, and in a due quantity.