Of Spain.

THe most Western Countrey of the Continent of Europe, is Spain, invironed on all sides with the Sea, except toward France, from which it is separated by the natural strength of the Pyrenean Mountains, and the artificial Fortresses of Pampe­lune on the North-West, and Perpigna on the South-East.

Situation.The whole circuit of this Coun­trey is 1893 English miles. It is situate in the more Southerly part of the Nor­thern temperate Zone, and almost in the midst of the four and six Cli­mates; the longest day being fifteen hours in length.

Natures, and Man­ners of the People.They are a people much given to Women; impudent braggers; ex­treme [Page 4] proud, and in their gate ve­ry stately and majestical. But other­wise they are people very grave in their carriages, and in offices of pie­ty very devout; to their King very obedient; and of their civil duties to their betters, not unmindfull; of an unmoved patience in suffering adver­sities, accompanied with a setled re­solution to overcome them.

The Women are sober, loving their Husbands or Friends; wonder­full delicate; curious in painting, or perfuming.

Fertility.This Countrey is enriched with Sacks, Sugars, Oyl, Metals, Liquoras, Rice, Silk, Lamb-skins, Wool, Cork, Rosin, Steel, Oranges, Raisons, and fruit of the like nature, which owe most of their being to heat; but in Corn it is very defective, and recei­veth from Italy, France, and Sicily. Diet.The Cattel hereof are neither fair, nor many; so that their fare for the most part is on Sallets, and Fruits of the earth; every Gentleman being limited what flesh he shall buy for himself and his family.

[Page 5] Division.This Kingdome is divided into twelve Provinces, which were anci­ently Kingdomes, (viz.) 1. Leon, and Oniedo. 2. Navarr. 3. Corduba. 4. Gallicia 5. Biscay. 6. Tolledo. 7. Murcia. 8. Castile. 9. Portugal. 10. Valentia. 11. Catelogue; and 12. Aragon. Of which in order.

Leon Oni­edo.This Kingdome hath on the East and South, Biscay and Castile; North, the Ocean; and West, Gal­licia. The chief Towns of it are, 1. Aviles. 2. Palenza. 3. Oniedo. 4. Astorga. 5. Leon.

Navarr.This is the second Kingdome for antiquity in Spain. It hath on the East, the Pyrenean Mountains; West, Iberus; North, Biscay; and South, Aragon. It is a woodless Champain Countrey, or Field, naturally fen­ced about with Trees. The chief Cities of this Kingdome are, 1. Vi­ctoria. 2. Viana. 3. Sanguessa. 4. Pampelune; the strength of which City is made use of by the Spaniard, as a Bulwark against France, whose King hath the title, though not the possession of it.

[Page 6] Corduba.This Kingdome comprehendeth Andaluzia, the Countreys of Gra­nada, and Estremedura.

This is the most rich and fertil Countrey in all Spain; the chief City is Corduba: Hence comes our true Cordovan-Leather, made of the skin of a Sardinian Beast; and near unto this City is a Wood of thirty miles in length. 2. Xeres, whence cometh our Sherry Sack. 3. Sevil, the fair­est City in all Spain; it is in compass six miles, invironed with beautifull Walls, and adorned with magnificent and stately Buildings: Hence come our Sevil-Oranges. 4. Granada, from whence come our true Granada Stockings. 5. Mallaca, from hence come our Mallaca Sacks. 6. Almeria, a great Haven Town. 7. Guadalcanal, famous for her Mines of gold & silver.

Gallicia. Gallicia hath on the East, Astu­ria; West and North, the Sea; and South, the River Nimius. This Countrey is very mountainous, and al­most inaccessible. The chief Cities are, Compostella, the Seat of an Arch­bishop, called St. Jago in honour of [Page 7] St. James, who lyeth buried here. 2. Baionna. 3. Coronna.

Biscay. Biscay is betwixt Navarr, East; old Castile, South; Leon, West; and the Cantabrean Ocean, North. The chief Cities are, 1. Tholosa. 2. St. Sebastians. 3. Fonterabia. 4. Bilbo, from whence come our best Blades, called Bilbo Blades. It is a Town of great traffick, and great riches; the Countrey is mountainous and woody, out of whose Hills arise 150 Rivers, of which Iberus and Duerus are chief.

Tolledo. Tolledo is now accounted part of new Castile, and extendeth over the South-East of Castile, now call'd Campo de Calatrava, and so down­ward toward Murcia. The chief Cities of it are, 1. Tolledo, seated on the River Tagus, is passing well inhabited, as well of Noblemen, who reside there for pleasure, as of Merchants, who resort thither for Commodity. It is now the Seat of an Archbishop, who are the chief Prelates of Spain, their revenue a­mounting to 300000 Crowns year­ly. The second is Calatrava, seated [Page 8] on the River Ava. The third is Talboia, seated on Tagus, a very neat Town.

Murcia. Murcia is invironed with Tolledo, West; Granada, South; Valentia, North, and the Mediterranean Sea. The chief Towns are, 1. A­licante, from whence comes our true Alicante Wines, made of the juice of Mulberries. 2. Murcia, on the River Segourg. 3. Nova-Car­thago.

Castile. Castile is bounded on the East with Navarr, Aragon, and Tolledo; West, with Portugal; North, with Astu­ria; and South, with Andaluzia. It is divided into the old and new.

Old Castile.The old Castile is situate on the North of the new. The chief Cities are, 1. Soria. 2. Segovia, a Town famous for Cloathing. 3. Valadolis; here is a Colledge for the education of young English Fugitives. 4. Sala­manca, the famousest Academy of this Countrey.

New Ca­stile.It is on the South of the old. The chief Cities are, 1. Madrid, the Kings Seat. 2. Alcala. 3. Alcantara.

[Page 9] Portugal.This Kingdome is about 320 miles long, and 60 broad; the Air is very healthfull; the Countrey for the most part hilly, and bare of Corn, which defect is recompenced with abundance of Honey, Wine, Oyl, Allum, Fruits, Fish, white Mar­ble, Salt. Note, that Portugal is at present under a King of their own. The chief Cities are, 1. Lisbon, upon Tagus, a famous Ci­ty for traffick; it is in compass seven miles, and contains 20000 Houses, all of neat and elegant building. 2. Miranda. 3. Braga, the Metro­polis of Portugal. 4. Conimbra, Porto, or Portus Galloram.

Valentia. Valentia is invironed with Ara­gon, Castile, Murcia, and the Sea. The chief Cities are, Valentia, gi­ving name to the whole Countrey. 2. Cullera, a Sea-Town standing at the mouth of the River Kucar. 3. Segorbe.

Catelogne. Catelogne is between Iberus, South; Aragon, West; the Sea, East; and Pyrenean Mountains, North. The chief Cities of it are, Tyronne, the title of the Aragonian Prince, seated on the River Betulus; and 2. Barcelone.

[Page 10] Aragon. Aragon hath on the East, Catte; West, Castile; North, Navarr; and South, Valentia. The River Iberus runneth through the middle of the Countrey. The chief Cities of it are, 1. Lerida, seated on the River Cinga. 2. Moson. 3. Torde­sillo; and 4. Saragossa.

The Pyre­nean Hills.Betwixt Spain and France are the Mountains call'd Pyrenei, and are that neck of Land which tyeth Spain to the Continent, the highest part whereof is Mount Canus, whereon if one stand in a clear day, he may see both the Seas. The French side of these Hills is naked and barren; the Spanish very fertil, and adorned with Trees. On this side standeth the Roncevals, so famous for the Battel betwixt the French-men and the Moors, in which 20000 of the French were put to rout, together with Rowland, Cousin to Charles the Great.

France.

The Alpes.

THe natural bounds betwixt Germany, France, and Italy, are the Alpes, Mountains which re­quire 5 dayes to be ascended.

There are 5 passages out of these hills into Italy, viz. 3 out of France, and 2 out of Germany. The 1. from France is through Provence, and so close upon the Tyrhenean Seas, through Liguria, which is the easi­est. The 2. is through the hill call'd Geneara, into the Marquisate of Sa­luzzes, and so to Lombardy. The 3. is over Mount Cenis, and through the County of Turin▪ [...]he 1. way out of Germany into Italy is through the Countrey of the Grissons, by the Countrey of Valtolin▪ The other way is through Tyrolis, by the Towns of Inspruch and Trent.

Italy.

Netherland.

Germany.

GErmany is bounded on the West, with France and Belgium; on the North, with Denmark, and her Seas; on the East, with Prussia, Poland and Hungaria; and on the South, with the Alpes.

The compass of this spatious Coun­trey is 2600 English miles: the fi­gure of it is almost an exact square, each side containing 650 miles.

Situation.It is situate in the Northern tem­perate Zone, under the 7 and 11 Climates; the longest day being 17 hours and an half.

Of all Europe this is the greatest Countrey, and beautified with the best and richest store of Cities, Towns and Castles, and Religious places.

Fertility.It also doth abound with many things necessary for life, and many things to be transported. They [Page 65] have Corn sufficient, and for Cat­tle they want not of all kinds, but they are commonly lean and little: so are their Horses many in number, but little in stature.

Commo­dity.The Commodities wherewith it is inriched, are Mines of silver, and other inferior Metals: Wines, which they transport into other Countreys, together with fresh Fish, Linnen, Quick-silver, Allum, Armors.

Natures of the peo­ple.The Inhabitants for honesty of conversation, probity of manners, assurance of loyalty, and confi­dence of disposition, setting aside their imperfect customes of drinking, excelling all people.

Upper Ger­many, con­taining Swizzer­land. Germany is divided into the higher, and lower; the upper lying on the Alpes is subdivided into Austria, Ba­varia, Suevia, Helvetia, (or Swiz­zerland,) and Alsatiae.

Austria. Austria: This is a goodly and rich Countrey, yea the best of all Ger­many, both for Corn, Cattel, Wine, and Fish. It is separated on the East, from Hungaria, by the River Leire; West, from Bavaria, by the [Page 66] Ems; North, from Moravia, by the Tems; and South, from Styria, by the Muer.

The chief Cities of it are, 1. Wi­en, or Vienna, a famous Fort against the Turk. The City is of a round form; the Streets are narrow, but the Buildings are stately of free-stone; two Towers of the Church is curi­ously engraven, the like whereof is not in Germany, except Strasburg. 2. Emps, so call'd on the River Ems, on whose Banks it is seated. 3. S. Leopold. 4. Neustat. 5. Hamburg. 6. Crems.

It containeth the Provinces of Sty­ria, Carinthia, Tyrolis, and Car­niola.

Styria. Styria is a small Region in the midst of the Alpes. The chief Ci­ties are, 1. Marpurg. 2. Hall. 3. Greits, the chief City.

Carinthia. Carinthia: this Countrey is 75 miles in length, and 5 in breadth. The chief Towns are, 1. Vellach. 2. Spittal. 3. Veit, the Metropolis of this Countrey.

Tyrolis. Tyrolis: this Countrey is 72 [Page 67] miles in length, and as many in breadth. It hath on the bast, Ca­rinthia; West, the Grisons; North, Schwaben; and South, Marea Tre­vigiana. The Soyl of this Countrey is very good, and full of silver Mines. The chief Towns are, [...]. Inspruch. 2. Tyrol. 3. Trent, on the River O­defis.

Carniola. Carniola: this Countrey is 150 miles long, 45 broad; it is environ­ed with Sclavonia, East; Italy, West; Carinthia, North; and I­stria, South The chief Cities are, 1. Newmarcht. 2. Esting, upon the Sanus.

Bavaria. Bavaria: this Dukedom hath on the East. Austria and Styria; West, the Leike; North, Danubius, and part of Franconia; and South, Ty­rolis and Carinthia. This is a large, rich, and goodly Countrey, lying in great length on both sides the Danu­bius. The chief Cities are, 1. Mun­chen, upon the River Aser, the Dukes Seat. 2. Ingulstad, on Danu­bius, an University. 3. Ratisbone, seated on the Donaw. 4. Passaw. [Page 68] 5. Saltzbourg; it is seated on the Ri­ver Saltzech▪ This City is honour­ed with a Bishoprick, [...] [...]ve­nue is the greatest in Germany. 6. Frising. The whole number of Cities in Bavaria are 34. besides 46 great walled Towns, the Soyl about which is sufficiently fruitfull in all things, saving Wines, with which they are supplyed from Austria.

Rhetia. Rhetia, or the Countrey of the Grissons, hath on the East, Tyrolis; West, Swizzerland, North, Sue­via; and South, Millain. This Countrey is half in Germany, and half in Italy, so that they use both Languages. The chief Towns are, 1. Coyra, the Metropolis of the Gris­sons, seated about half an hours jour­ney from the Rhene. For form it is triangular; the Houses indifferent handsome, but not uniform, one within another. 2. Musocco. 3. Bor­mia. In this Countrey they have free use of Religion, both they of the Romish, and they of the Reformed Churches.

Suevia. Suevia, or Schwaben, hath on [Page 69] the East, Bavaria; West, Danubius; North, Franconia; and South, Tyrolis, and the Grissons. The chief Towns are, 1. Ʋlm, so call'd from the company of Elms which inviron it. 2. Lindair: this is a free City, and it is almost an Island, seated in the Lake called Acronius. 3. Auspurg: this is a stately City, the beauty whereof lyeth on the West-side; the Houses being built upon a Hill, are of free-Stone, six or seven roofs high. Also there be many Palaces built of the Fugares, and other Citizens; but in other places it is more poorly built. 4. Norlingen. 5. Wherlingen. 6. Ra­vensperg, all Imperi [...]l Towns.

Helvetia. Helvetia, (or Swizzerland) is almost situate among the Alpes, and therefore supposed to be the highest Region in Europe; and the rather, because the most famous Rivers in those parts of the world, (viz.) Rone, Rhodan, and Po, falling from those high plac [...]s, disperse their chan­nels through Christendome▪ It is bounded on the East, with Tyrolis; North, with Lorrain; West, with [Page 70] France; and South, with Italy. The length of it is 240 and the breadth 180 miles. The chief Ci­ties are, 1. Zurich: this City is one of the Cantons of Swizzerland, and is divided in the midst by the Lake Zurechsea, having three Bridges for p [...]ssage the greater whereof the Merchants use for [...]heir meetings. The Streets are narrow, and the Houses built of timber and clay, and the City it self is seated upon and be­tween Hills. 2. Basil, now one of the Swizzers Cantons. Herein was that famous Council held by Euge­nius the Pope, in the year 1431. 3. Constance, seated on the Bodeuse, over against Lindaw It is within the Confines of Swizzerland, but be­longeth to the House of Austria. This Town is famous by a Council held there, where John Hus was con­demned of Heresie, and burned. Near unto the City in a fair Meadow, is the Stone to which he was bound when he was burnt; where also his fellow, Jerom of Prague, was burnt in September the year following. [Page 71] 4. Berne: this City is built upon a Mountain, yet it seems to be seated on a Valley, because it is compassed with Mountains. The Houses are uniformly and fairly built of free-Stone; and round about this Moun­tain the Citizens have their Gardens, so that it is a most fair and pleasant City. 5. Baden, seated in the midst of the Countrey, and is for that cause the place of meeting for the Councel of Estate. Near unto this City are the famous hot Bathes, be­ing 30 in number.

Alsatia. Alsatia hath West, Lorrain; South, Helvetia; East, the Rhene; and North, the Palatinate. The chief City is Strasburg: this City is in circuit three hours walking; the Buildings and Churches are fair and high, of free-stone; most of the Streets are narrow, but those divi­ded by the water are broader. Ma­ny things in this City are remarkable, but especially the Steeple of the Ca­thedral Church, which is counted one of the 7 miracles of the world: the Clock hereof is of all other the [Page 72] most famous. 2. Psaltburg. 3. We­senberg.

The Pro­vinces of Lower Ger­many, a­mong which Bo­hemia is reckoned.The Lower Germany is divided in­to Franconia, Bohemia, and its terri­tories; the three Electorates of the Palatinate, Brandenburg, and Saxo­ny, with its members; Pomerania, Medenburg, Brunswick, Luneberg, Hassia, East-Friezeland, Westphalia, Cleveland, and Veteravia, or Wete­raw.

Franconia. Franconia is an ancient and noble Nation; it is bounded on the East, with Bohemia and Saxony; West, with Elsas; North, with Hassia; and South, with Bavaria.

This Province hath many ancient and fair Cities, as namely, Bam­berg, a Bishops Seat: Weirztberg, and Mentz, or Metz, both Bishops Seats; the latter whereof is the Seat of the chief Elector Bishop, and is a fair City, and well fortified: it is seated on a Hill, and in a fertil Soyl, fruitfull of Corn. The free Cities in this Province that belong to the Em­perour, are 1. Norimberg: this Ci­ty is seated in a barren sandy ground, [Page 73] yet is very rich by the Citizens indu­stry. This is a most stately City; the Buildings whereof are of free-Stone, six or seven roofs high. In this City is a Granary, which is so large, as divers years provision may be laid up therein. It hath also ten Churches, whereof only four are used for Prayer and Preaching. 2. Rottenberg, a very fair City. 3. Francford: this City is famous for the Electors meeting here to choose the Emperour, and for two yearly Fairs. It is compassed strong­ly with a double Wall; upon the East-side the Jewes have a Street, who are permitted to dwell in this fa­mous Mart-Town. This City is of a round form, seated in a large plain; the Streets are narrow, and the Hou­ses being built of Timber and Clay, the foundation of some being laid of free-Stone. All the Province (ex­cepting the free Cities, and the three Cities belonging to the Bishops) is subject to the Marquess of Branden­burg.

Bohemia.The Kingdom of Bohemia con­taineth [Page 74] Bohemia, the Dukedom of Silesia, the Marquisates of Lusatia, and Moravia. It is in a manner round, and incompassed with great Mountains. It contains in circuit 550 English miles; in which compass are comprehended 780 Cities, wal­led Towns, and Castles, and 32000 Villages.

Fertility.The Soil is pleasant and fruitfull, abounding with Corn, Wood, Wine, and Grapes, and affords Gold and Silver, Copper, Iron, Tin, and Lead, great quantity.

Natures of the peo­ple.The people for the most part live in great plenty and delicacy, much resembling the English. The Wo­men be very beautifull, but some­what luxurious, and that with con­sent of their Husbands.

The chief Cities are, 1. Prage, the Metropolis of Bohemia, seated on the River Mulda. It is a very great City, as being three Towns in one, each divided from other by the River Mulda, and all three conjoyn'd to­gether by a wooden Bridge of 24 Arches. The Streets of this City are [Page 75] filthy; there be divers Market-pla­ces; the Buildings of some Houses are of free-Stone, but the most part of Timber and Clay, and are built with little beauty or art. The se­cond Town of note is Egra, and the third is Budweis.

Silesia. Silesia is in length 240, and in breadth 80 miles. It is a most deli­cate and plentifull Countrey, divi­ded in the midst by the River Oder. The chief Cities are, 1. Breslaw, a Bishoprick. 2. Jagendorf. 3. Glo­gaw.

Lusatia. Lusatia: this Countrey although but little, to arm 20000 Foot as good as any in Germany. The chief Cities are, Gorlitz and Trabell, on the River Nisse.

Moravia. Moravia: this Countrey is the most fertil in Corn in all Germany; it aboundeth also with good and pleasant Wine; besides it hath also no small store of Myrrh and Frankin­cence. The chief Towns are, 1. Brinne, the seat of the Marquess. 2. Almutz, an University. This Countrey is very mountainous and [Page 76] woody; the people are very war­like and fierce, especially the Moun­tainers.

The Ele­ctorate of the Pala­tinate. The Electorate of the Palatinate: His Dominion contains the upper and lower; the lower being the chief of the two, as being both rich­er and larger, and the Seat of the Elector. It is called the lower, to distinguish it from the upper. This Palatinate is said to be the most plea­sing and delicious part in all Germa­ny, stored with all Fruits and Metals, abounding with those Wines which with us are called, Rhenish Wines

It is adorned with many gallant Towns; the chief whereof is, 1. Heidleberg, the Seat of the Pals­grave It is incompassed with high Mountains on the South, East, and North sides; but towards the West it hath its Suburbs, being longer than the City. 2. Openheim. 3. Crutz­nach. 4. Frankendate. On the East­side of this Countrey standeth Win­heim and Lauden; on the West-side are the Towns of Newstat and Kei­fers.

[Page 77] Upper Pa­latinate. Ʋpper Palatinate: this Countrey lyeth East and North of Bohemia. The chief Towns of it are, 1. Am­berg, the birth-place of the present Elector, whose silver Mines yield yearly unto the Prince's Coffers 60000 Crowns. 2. Newberg. 3. Ca­stel, where the Palatinates of the Rhene when they journey in this Countrey, use to keep their Court.

The Ele­ctorate of Saxony. Saxony is bounded on the East, with Lusatia; West, with Hassia; North, with Brunswick; and South, with Franconia and Bohemia. It containeth the Countreys of Turin­gia, Misnia, Voitland, and Saxony. Turingia is invironed with Hassia, Franconia, Misnia, and Saxony. The chief City is, 1. Erdford, the Dukes Seat. This City is large and ancient, and one of the free Cities of the Em­pire. 2. Jene, an University of Phy­sitians. Misnia is invironed with Bohemia, Voitland, Thuringia, and Saxony. The chief Towns are, 1. Dresden, seated on the Albis. This City is very fair, and strongly forti­fied, in which the Elector keeps his [Page 78] Court. It is of a round form, seat­ed in a plain, running between two Mountains, but somewhat distant; and the Houses are fair built of free-Stone, four or five roofs high, where­of the highest roof after the Italian fashion, is little raised in steepness. 2. Leipzich, a famous University for Philosophers and Physitians. It is seated in a plain of most fruitfull Corn-ground; the Streets are fair; the Market-place large and stately; and such are the chief Houses, built of free-Stone, four roofs high. 3. R [...]lits. 4. Mis [...]n; and 5 Wit­tenberg, seated in a plain sandy ground: one Street lyes the whole length of the Town, being all the beauty thereof. Voitland is a little Countrey, South of Misnia; whose chief Cities are, 1. Olnitz. 2 Werda. This Dukedom is seated almost in the midst of Germany; all of it together is imagined to be about the bigness of a third part of England.

The Ele­ctorate of Brandenburg. The Electorate of Brandenburg: this Marquisate is limited on the East, with Poland; West, with Saxony; [Page 79] North, with Pomerania; and South, with Lusatia. It is in circuit 520 miles; in which are contained 50 Cities, and 64 walled Towns. The chief is, 1. Brandenburg. 2. Franc­fort and Oderam. It is an University, and situate in a Soyl most plentifully stored with Corn and Wines It is most famous for the Mart here kept. 3. Berlin, the Prince's Seat; it is si­tuate on the River Spre. 4. Havel­bourg, the Seat of a Bishop. This Marquisate is divided into the new and old; the River Odera watering the last; the Albis the first.

Pomerania. Pomerania hath on the East, the River Vistuta; West, Meclenburg; North, the Baltick Ocean; and South, Brandenburg. The chief Towns are, 1. Stetin, the Prince's Seat, and the Metropolis of the Countrey. 2. Wolgast. 3. Wallin, once a famous Town, and flourish­ed in traffick, but now decay'd. 4 Gripswald. 5. Newtrepon, a Sea-Town.

To this Province belong three I­slands, Rugia, Wisedonia, and Voli­nia.

[Page 80] Me [...]en­bourgh. Meclenbourg is on the West-part of Pomeren. The chief Towns of it are, 1. Malchaw. 2. Sternberg. 3. Wismar. 4. Rostock, an Univer­sity.

Brunswick. Lunebourg. Brunswick, Lunebourg: these two Dukedomes are bounded on the East, with Brandenburg; West, with Westphalen; North, with Denmark; and South, with Saxony and Hassia. The chief Cities are, 1. Brunswick. It is a free City of the Empire, strongly fortified, and not any way subject to the Emperour. 2. Wolfe­haiten, where the Duke keeps his Court. 3. Halberstad, a Bishops See. 4. Lunebourg. 5. Cella, the Seat of the Duke of Lunebourg.

Hassia. Hassia: this Lantgravedom is in­vironed on the East, with Saxony; South, with Franconia; and West, and North, with Westphalen.

The chief Towns are, 1. Dorm­stad, the Seat and Inheritance of the youngest House of the Lantgraves. 2. Marpurg, an University, and the Seat of the second House of the Lant­graves. 3. Dryes. 4. Frankenburg; [Page 81] and 5. Cassels, three Towns belong­ing to the elder House of the Lant­graves, whereof Cassels is chief, as being the Seat of their residence. This City is seated in a fruitfull Coun­trey, and is well fortified with strong earthen Walls, and deep Ditches; yet are the Houses of no great beau­ty, being composed for the most part of Wood, Thatch, and Clay. Unto this Province belongeth the County of Waldeck and Corbach.

East-Friezeland. East-Friezeland hath on the West, the Ems; East, the Weser; South, Westphalia; and North, the Sea. The chief Towns are, 1. Emden. This City lyes in the utmost borders of the Empire, and is only divided by the River Ems, from the United Province of the Netherland.

This City is fairly built of Brick, and is almost of a round form. It is an Earldom of it self. 2. Oldenburg, which hath an Earl of its own.

Westphalia. Westphalia is bounded on the East, with Brunswick; West, with Belgi­um; North, with the Sea; and South, with Hassia.

[Page 82]The Northern part of this Coun­trey is called Bremen, from the chief City Brem, the Bishop whereof is Lord of this Tract. The next part belongeth to the Duke of Saxony. The chief Cities of which are, Clap­penburg, Exenberg, and Alsdrop. The other parts belong to the Bishopricks of Cullen, Munster, and Triers.

1. The Bishoprick of Cullen con­taineth a great part of Westphalia. The chief City is, 1. Collen; the Archbishop whereof is said to be the second special Elector of the Empire, and Chancellour of Italy. 2. Er­nace, or Andernach. 3. Lints. 4. Bon­na, where the Bishop hath a Palace, esteemed to be one of the fairest Houses of Germany.

The chief Towns under the Bishop of Munster are, 1. Warendorp. 2 Munster, seated on the Ems.

The chief Towns belonging to the Bishop of Triers are, 1. Bopport, seated on the Moselle. 2 Engers. 3. Coblents. 4. Triers.

This is the Seat of the Chancellour of France, and third spiritual Elector; it is built on the Moselle.

[Page 83] Cleveland. Cleveland: this Dutchy contain­eth Cleve, Gulick, Berge. The Dutchy of Cleve conjoyneth to Guel­derland. The chief Cities are, 1. Cleve. 2. Calker. 3. Wesel. 4. Em­merick.

2. The Dutchy of Gulick: The chief Cities are, Aken, where the Emperour after his election is invest­ed with a silver Crown.

The Dutchy of Berge or Monte, is in compass 130 miles. The chief Towns are, 1. Duseldorp. 2. Hat­tingen; and 3. Arusberg.

Veteravia Veteravia: On the South-West of Hassia is the Countrey of Vetera­via, or Weteraw containing among others the County of Nassaw, Han­naw, and the free City of Friberg, situate in the midst of most pleasant and delicious Corn-Fields. The City Hannaw is distant from Franc­ford and Moenum ten miles, and is a County of it self. The next Town of note to it is Windeck

As for the County of Nas­saw, it hath in it many prime Towns; as 1. Dillinbourg, the [Page 84] principal. 2. Nassaw. 3. Cat­zenelbogen, an Earldom of it self; and 4. Hebron.

Denmark.

Norwey.

NOrwey on the East, respecteth Denmark; on the West, it is bounded with the Ocean; on the South, lyeth Suevia; and on the North, it is separated from Lap­land.

Fertility.The Land of it self is not sufficient­ly fruitfull, and toward the North yieldeth no sort of Corn, therefore the Inhabitants instead of Bread eat dryed Fish, called by us, Stock-Fish, which is transported through Europe, in exchange of Corn.

Commo­dity.The Countrey, especially the Southern part, transports rich Furrs, Tallow, Butter, Tann'd-Leather, Train-Oyl, Pitch, Clap-boards, all sorts of Timber-Works, and Masts, Firr-wood, and that with great ease and little charge.

Natures of the people.Their Buildings are base and poor; the Inhabitants honest; lovers of [Page 92] Strangers; liberal of gift; and most serviceable. Amongst them are nei­ther [...]ilchers, Thieves, nor Pirats. Their chief Towns are, 1. Nidrosia, the See of an Archbishop, who is Metropolitan of Norwey. 2. Bergen, one of the four ancient Mart Towns of Europe. 3. Ansloyn, a Bishops See.

Swedeland.

Swedeland is bounded on the East, with Moscovy; on the West, with the Dofrine Hills; on the North, with the frozen Seas; and on the South, with the Baltick Seas. This Countrey alone without the ad­jacent provinces of Lappia, Scricfinia, and Biarmia, is little less than Italy, and France, joyned together; and with the additions of the said Nati­ons, is bigger by a tract of 900 miles.

Fertility.The Soyl is so fertil, that to see a Beggar is a difficult matter; and the Air is so healthfull, that it is ordina­ry to see Men of an 130 or 140 years of age. Commo­dity.It aboundeth with Mines of Lead, Copper, and Silver, which are transported into other Nations; together with Hides of Bucks, Goats, and Oxen, Tallow, Tare, Barley, Malt.

[Page 94] Natures of the peo­ple.The People participate much in nature with the Norweians, hospita­ble and valiant as they.

It containeth the Provinces of Lapland, Finland, Gothland, and Sweden.

Lappia. Lappia is the most Northern part of all Scandia, and is divided into the Eastern, containing Biarmia and Co­relia, which belongeth unto the Duke of Russia; and the Eastern comprehending Lappia and Scricfi­nia, which are under the King of Sweden.

These two Provinces use to give worship and divine honour to that living creature, what ere it be, which they see at their first going out of their doors in the morning; and are so poor, that they pay unto the King of Sweden for tribute, rich Skins and Furrs.

Finland. Finland is situate between the Baltick Sea, and the Finland Bay. The chief Towns are, 1. Abo, a Bi­shops Seat. 2. Narve, a place of great strength; Rangina and Augo, both famous Mart-Towns; Vames, [Page 95] Viburg, and Casteholme, places of good strength.

Gothland. Gothland is the best and richest Province of the North. It is divided into Island and Continent; the I­sland is seated in the Baltick Seas, being in length 18 miles, and 5 in breadth. The Continent of Gothia, is the hithermost part of Scandia, next to Denmark. The chief Cities are, 1. Stockholme, seated after the manner of Venice. 2. Lodufia, a Town of great traffick. 3. Wald­bourge, a well fortified piece; and 4. Colmar, famous for its impregna­ble Castle.

Sweden. Sweden is situate on the South of Gothland. The Countrey is very fruitfull and delicious, unless in some places, where the cragginess of the Mountains maketh it more barren, and less pleasant. The chief Cities of it are, 1. Ʋpsal, a famous Bi­shoprick. 2. Nicopia, a Sea-Town of good strength. 3. Copperdell, fa­mous for its abundance of Brass. There is also Finmach, bordering on the Northern Ocean, whose Inhabi­tants [Page 96] be Witches, and Idolaters; they use to sell windes to Mer­chants, to carry their Ship to any Port. Bodia is also under his Dominion; whose chief Town is Helsinga, honoured with the title of a Dukedom.

Moscovy.

MOscovy is bounded on the East, with Tartary; on the West, with Lyvonia, Lituania, and part of Sweden; on the North, with the Frozen Ocean; and on the South, with Mare Caspium, the Turks, and Palus maeotis. This Countrey containeth in length from East to West 3300 miles, and in breadth 3065 miles.

Situation.It is situate partly in Europe, part­ly in Asia, which separation is cau­sed by the River of Tanais, bounder of Asia, and running through the middle of the Countrey.

The People are for the most part of a square proportion; broad, short, and thick; gray-ey'd, and bro [...]d-be [...]rded; the Commons live in miserable subjection to the No­bles, and they again in as great sla­very to the Duke or Emperour. [Page 98] Natures of the peopleThey are persidious, unnatural, and malicious; altogether unlearned; even the Priests themselves are mean­ly indoctrinated; it being cautiona­ted by the great Duke that there be no Schools, lest there should be any Scholars besides himself. The Wo­men are private, fearfull to offend, but once lascivious, intolerably wanton. It is the fashion of those Women to love that Husband best which beateth them most, and to think themselves neither loved nor regarded, unless they be soundly swadled two or three times a day.

Cities.The chief City of this Kingdome is Mosco, where both the Emperour and Patriarch resideth. Roscovia and Novogrod are the Seats of Arch­bishops; the latter of these two con­taineth about 20000 Housholds, and was one of the four ancient Mart-Towns of Europe. Vologda, Smo­lensko, and Plescovia, the only walled Town in Muscovy; Mosayco, St. Nicholas, Sugana, Ʋstium, Gargapo­lia, are Bishopricks.

The Soyl, and Cli­mate.The Soyl of this Countrey is of a [Page 99] slight, sandy mould, yet very much different one place from another, for such things as grow out of the earth. Northwards towards the parts of St. Nicholas, and Chola; and North-Eastward towards Siberia, it is bar­ren, and full of desart Woods, by reason of the Climate, and extremi­ty of cold. So likewise along the River Volga, betwixt the Countreys of Casan and Astrachan, notwith­standing the Soyl be fruitfull, it is ill inhabited, saving that upon the West-side the Emperour hath some few Castles and Garrisons in them. From Vologda, that lyeth almost 1700 versts from the Port of St. Ni­cholas down towards Mosco, and so towards the South-part that border on the Crim, containing the like space of 1700 versts, it is a very pleasant and fruitfull Countrey, yielding pa­sture and Corn, with Wood, and Water, in great store and plenty. The like is between Rezan, (lying South-East from Mosco) to Novo­grode and Vobsco, that reacheth far­thest towards the North-West. So [Page 100] betwixt Mosco and Smolensko, (that lyeth South-West towards Lituania) is a very fruitfull and pleasant Soyl.

For the most part it is covered with Woods and Lakes. Here grow the goodliest and tallest Trees of the world; an unspeakable deal of Rozin distilleth from them. Here is the never-wasting Fountain of Wax and Honey; for without the industry of Man, the Bees make their Hives in the barks and hollows of trees. Here is also plenty of Cattel and wilde Beasts, as Bears, Mastins, Wolves, and black Foxes, whose skins do bear high prices.

Riches and Com­modities.The native Commodities are, Furrs, Wax, Honey, Tallow, Hides, Train-Oyl, Cavear, Hemp, Flax, Tar, Slad, Salt-peter, Brimstone, and Iron. These Wares they barter for Cloth, and divers other Commodities, which the Armenians bring to Astra­chan by the Caspian Sea, and the English to St. Nicholas, by the Bay of Graduicam. They will not suffer any Stranger to enter into their Countrey, further than the necessity [Page 101] of venting their Commodities, and taking in of forreign doth inforce them.

Govern­ment.This Government is more tyran­nical than any other Prince in the world; for he is absolute Lord and disposer both of the bodies and goods of his Subjects.

In matter of Ceremony they fol­low the Greek Church. The Priests marry, and maintain adoration of Images; fast, and compell to Con­fession.

Poland.

POland is limited on the East, with Boristhenes, which part­eth it from Moscovy; on the West, with Vistula, which parteth it from Germany; on the North, with the Baltick Sea, and Sinus Finnicus; and on the South, with Hungary.

Sit [...]ation.In general, Poland is subject to as great cold as the lower part of Ger­many, lying under the same parallel; and the Countreys as they lye more Northerly, so they suffer more cold. They use stones heated with earthen Ovens, for remedy against the cold, as the Germans do.

Fertility. Poland aboundeth with Beasts, as well wilde as tame, and yieldeth excellent Horses, not great, but quick and stirring; neither do the Gentlemen more delight in any thing than in their Horses, so as they hang gold Chains and Jewels at their [Page 103] ears, and paint them half over with exquisite colours. It likewise a­boundeth with Flesh, Whit-meat, Birds, fresh-water Fish, (it being far within Land) and all kind of Pulse, as pease, and the like. It hath some Mines of gold and silver, to­wards the Carpatian Mountains of Hungary.

The na­tural Com­modities.The chief Commodities that go from hence are, Wax, Flax, Linnen Cloathes made thereof, Hemp, Pitch, Masts for Ships, Boards, and Timber, rich Furrs, Salt digged out of Pits, Amber, Sope-ashes, and all kind of Grain, especially Rye, which hath made Dantsick famous for relie­ving all Nations there with in time of dearth.

Natures of the people.The People are very industrious and studious of all Languages, espe­cially the Latin, in which they are so devoted, that you shall hardly find a mean Man which is not able in some measure to express himself in that tongue. They are according to their abilities rather prodigal than truely liberal; and are generally [Page 104] good Souldiers. The Gentlemen free; the Peasants in miserable sub­jection to their Lords; proud they are, and impatient; delicious in Diet, and costly in their attire.

The Women are for the most part indifferently fair, and rather witty, than well-spoken.

The chief Provinces of this King­dome are, 1. Livonia. 2. Lituania. 3. Volinia. 4. Samogitia. 5. Podolia. 6. Russia Nigra. 7. Mazovia. 8. Prussia. 9. Podlassia; and 10. Po­land.

Livonia. Livonia hath on the East, Mosco­vy; on the West, the Baltick Sea; North, Finland; and South, Litua­nia. It is in length 500, in breadth 160 miles, and is a Countrey ex­ceeding mountainous and fenny, yet withall so abundantly fruitfull, that no small store of provision is sent hence into other Countreys. The chief Towns are, 1. Riga, an Arch­bishops See. 2 Derpt, a Town of great commerce. 3. Rivallia, a strong Fort in the hands of the Swedelander; so also is Narve.

[Page 105] Lituania. Lituania is a most large Province, fenny and woody, so as in summer­time there is no passage into it; but in the winter when the Fens are fro­zen, Merchants trade with the Inha­bitants. The chief Cities are, 1. Vil­na, the Metropolitan City, the Seat of a Bishop, and an University. 2. Vilcomire 3. Brestia. They have plenty of Honey, Wax, wilde Beasts, and rich Furrs, but they scarce know the use of money.

Volinia. Volinia is invironed with Lituania, Podolia, and Russia; the People are strong and warlike. The chief Towns are, Kiovia, and Circassia, on the Banks of the River Neiper; it is a small woody Province, but ve­ry fertil.

Samogitia. Samogitia, whose Inhabitants are most [...]dolaters. It hath no wal­led Town, but the People live in Cot­tages, being rude, and of great stature. It is a Northern Region, having Livonia, North; and the Baltick Sea, West. It is very woody, and in the midst of the trees is found excellent Honey.

[Page 106] Podolia. Podolia aboundeth with excellent pastures, and the ground is so fertil, that of one sowing they have three harvests. The chief Cities are, 1. Camienza, seated on a rock. 2. Orkzacow. 3 Winiecza.

Russia ni­gra. Russia nigra hath on the East, Po­dolia; West, Poland; North and South, Hungary. The chief Towns are, 1. Leopolis, or Lemburg. 2. Gro­deck. 3. Luckzo. It is a very fruit­full Countrey, well stored with fair Houses, and numerous herds of Cattel.

Prussia. Prussia, or Borussia hath South, Mazovia; North, the Baltick Sea; East, Lituania; and West, the River Vistula. This Countrey yieldeth abundance of Amber. The chief Cities are, 1. Dantzick, where are daily sold 1000 measures of Wheat; it is sited in Pomerania, but subject unto the Polonian. This is a very fair City; the Houses for the most part are built of Stone or Brick, six or seven roofs high. The Garners for laying up of Corn are very fair, and very many lying together, in [Page 107] which the Citizens lay up Corn, brought out of Poland, and accor­ding to the wants of Europe, carry it into many Kingdoms. 2. Mons Re­gius, call'd by the Germans, Konings­berg, and by us, Regimount. It is the most famous University in these parts. 3. Holsperg. 4. Mancburg; and 5. Culme.

Podlassia. Podlassia hath East, Lituania; and West, Mazovia. The chief Towns are, 1. Tycockzin, a Fort well fur­nished with Munition, as being the place wherein the Kings treasure is reserved. 2. Biesco. 3. Knissen, where the Kings of Poland have a fine retiring House, as being well furnished with fishing-Ponds, and Parks abundantly stored with Game.

Mazovia. Mazovia lyeth West of Podlas­sia. The chief City is Warsaw, where the Parliaments of this King­dom are held.

Poland. Poland hath on the East, Lituania; West, Germany; North, Mazovia; and South, Podolia. The Metropolis is, Cracovia, seated on the Banks of [Page 108] Vistula; here the King and Coun­cel reside. The Buildings are very fair, of free-Stone, four roofs high, but covered with tiles of wood for the most part. It is of a round form, but somewhat longer from the East to the West. In the midst of the Ci­ty is a large Market-place, wherein is a Cathedral Church; and in the midst of the Market-place is the Se­nate-house for the City, about which are many Shops of Merchants▪ 2. Lublin. 3. Guisna, an Arch­bishoprick. 4. Bosnau; and 5. La­disiavia, seated on the River Vistula.

Hungary.

HƲngary is bounded on the East, with Transilvania and Walla­chia; on the West, with Austria; North, with Poland; and South, with Sclavonia.

It was formerly called Panonia In­ferior, to distinguish it from Austria, which was called, Panonia Supe­rior.

Situation.It is situate in the Northern tem­perate Zone, under the seven and nine Climates.

Fertility.The Soyl is wonderfull fruitfull, yielding Corn there thrice in a year; the Grass in some places (as in the Island of Comera) exceeding the height of a Man, which doth feed such a number of Cattel, that this Countrey alone is thought to be able to feed all Europe with Flesh. Al­so they have Deer, Partridge, Phea­sant, in such abundance, that any [Page 110] Man that will may kill them; which in other places is prohibited, these creatures being reserved as Game for Gentlemen.

The other Commodities which are transported, are Gold, Silver, Fish, Copper, Wine.

Turk.This Kingdom now standeth di­vided betwixt the Turk and Hunga­rian; the former having 1. Buda, once the Metropolis of the Coun­trey, and Court of the Kings. 2 Gyu­la, a strong Town in the Confines of Transilvania. 3. Pest, over against Buda. 4 Alba Regalis, call'd by the Germans, Weisenberg. 5. Quinque Ecclesie; and 6. Jaurinum, or Rab.

Emperour.In the Emperours part the chief Towns are, 1 Presberg, seated hard upon the edge of Austria; it hath been the Metropolis of Hungary, since the taking of Buda by the Turks. 2. Strigonium, or Gran. 3. A­graria. 4. Comora, in an Isle so cal­led. 5. Tectax. 6 Camsta. 7. Al­kenbourg. 8. Neuheusel.

Transilvania.

THis Countrey hath nature it self both fortified and honoured; for the Woods and Hercynian Moun­tains do round about inviron it. The length of it is 225 English miles, and the breadth 200.

It is bounded on the North, with the Carpathian Hills; on the South, with Wallachia; on the West, with Hungaria; and on the East, with Moldavia.

Their chief Towns are, 1. Weisen­berg. 2. Clausenberg. The whole Count ey is fruitfull in one Commo­dity or other; Corn, Beeves, Fish, and Mutton, they have great plenty, and very cheap. It is very rich in Salt-pits, Stone-quarries, and Mines both of gold and silver, Iron, Quick­silver, and other Metals.

Sclavonia.

SClavonia hath on the East, the River Drinus; and a line drawn from thence to the Sea, on the West­part of Italy; on the North, Hun­gary; and on the South, the Adri­atick Sea.

Situation.It is in length 480 miles, and 120 in breadth. It is situated under the six and seven Climates; the longest day being fifteen hours and an half.

Fertility.This Countrey is more fit for gra­zing than for harvesting; for the Sheep and other Cattel bring forth young twice a year, and are shorn four times.

The People are couragious, proud, and stubborn, and use their own Scl [...]vonian tongue. They are of the Christian Faith, and follow the Greek Church. It is divided into Illiris, Dalmatia, and Croatia.

Illiris. Illiris was once the name of the [Page 113] whole Province, but it is now ac­commodated to one part. It hath on the East, Danubius; West, Car­niola; North, with Dravus; and South, with Savus. The chief Ci­ties are, 1. Zatha, on Danubius. 2. Zakaocz. 3. Windishgretz, on Dravus; and 4. Sagonna, nigh unto Savus. This is now a member of the Kingdom of Hungary.

Dalmatia. Dalmatia hath on the East, Dri­nus; West, Croatia; North, Sa­vus; and South, the Adriatick Sea. The chief Cities are, 1. Ragusi, situ­ate on the Adriatick Sea; a City of great traffick and riches; it is tribu­tary to the Turks. 2. Sebenicum, or Sicum, standing on the Sea-shore. 3 Zara, or Jadera, on the same shore. 4. Scodra, or Scrutary; and 6. Lis­sa. It is now divided betwixt the Venetians, (who keep the greatest part) and the Turk

Croatia. Croatia, called by the Ancients Liburnia, and Valeria, hath on the East and South, Dalmatia; North, Savus; and West, Istria, and Car­niola. The chief Towns are, 1. Gar­diska, [Page 114] situate on Savus. 2. Bruman. 3. Novigrod, situate on the Savus al­so, hard upon Germany; and 4. Sis­seghk.

The Croatians are generally called Crabats. Their Countrey hath the title of a Dukedom, and is subject partly to the Austrian, and partly to the Venetian.

Turky.

THe great Turk, commonly cal­led the Gran Seigneur, for wealth, territory, and command of Souldiery, all other Princes come short of him; witness the Countreys which he possesseth: His Coun­treys in Europe.In Europe he possesseth all Dacia, Grecia, all the Aegean Isles, and the Taurica Cher­sonesus.

In Asia.In Asia he possesseth wholly Asia minor, now Natolia; with all the Regions within the Propontis and Hellespont, as Phrygia, Galatia, Bi­thinia, Pontus, Lydia, Caria, Paphla­gonia, Lycia, Magness, Capadocia, and Comogena. Near the Caspian he hath Georgia Menteglia, and Arme­nia; next hath he Assyria, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia, Judea, the three Arabies: to which if you adde the Empire of Trebisond, you shall find him great Controller of the [Page 119] black Sea. Likewise all the Islands of the Archipelago, except Candie, and some few others, are under his subjection.

In Africk.In Africk he possesseth Aegypt, and the Kingdoms of Tunis and Al­giers, and whatsoever he hath taken from Prester John.

Fertility.The fertility of the Soyl generally through this vast Empire, is excee­ding great, yet have they less plenty of all things than Europe; for they very sparingly, and only to serve ne­cessity, set, plant, or sow, by reason they have no free fruition of their own Goods, in the great tyranny under which they live, as well of the Emperour, as under-Governours, and the general rapacity and licenti­ousness of the Souldiers.

They have divers kinds of Grain, as Wheat, the Grain call'd Milet, B [...]y, Oats, Rye, Pease, and all k [...]s of Pulse, which for the kinds are like those of [...]urope, but for the bigness [...] preferred befor [...] [...] [Page 120] the Fields. They have good plenty of all kinds of Cattel, yet are they no more industrious in gra [...]ing and feed­ing, than in sowing and planting. They have Hens, Ryce, Honey, Fruits, and Bread, for daily food: they desire no other dainties, nor greater riches, since they can neither enjoy their Goods while they live, nor yet bequeath them at death; and nothing is more dangerous than to be accounted rich.

Natures of the peo­ple.The Turks are generally well com­plexioned; of good stature; propor­tionably compacted; no idle talkers; no doers of things superfluous; hot and venerious; servile to their Em­perour; and zealous in Religion. They nourish no Hair on their Heads, and therefore keep on of all sides, counting it an opprobrious thing to see any uncover their Head. In their familiar salutations they use to lay their Hands on their Bosome, and a little decline their bodies; but when they accost a Person of Rank, they bow almost down to the ground, and kiss the hem of his Garment. [Page 121] They prefer as they pass the Streets th [...] [...]eft hand before the right, as be­ing master of his Sword with whom they walk.

The Women are small of stature; for the most part ruddy, clear, and smooth, as never ruffled with the weather; and often frequenting the Baths: they seldome go abroad, and then masked; lascivious; with­in doors pleasing in matters of incon­tinency; and they are accounted most beautifull, which have the greatest Eyes, and are of the blackest hue. These Women live in great awe and respect of their Husbands, never sitting with him at the table, but waiting till he hath done, and then withdrawing into some by­room.

Diet.In their Diet they are very spa­ring, and negligent, not using any pomp or magnificence. The richer sort sit like Taylors (bending with their knees) upon Carpets, or on the Grass; and their table is so low, that they may well reach it sitting on the ground: they use no Knives, [Page 122] but seethe their Meat untill it be very tender, that they may break it with their fingers; neither have they va­riety of Dishes, but one, all sitting in a round circle, fall upon one Dish, and talk not whilst they eat, but silently fall hard to work.

All the Turkish Houshold-stuff consists in one poor Pot to seethe Meat in; one Spoon of wood; one Cup of leather or wood, to drink in; a poor Bed or Mattress; yea often a single Coverled, and the Earth, serves them for Bedstead, Ta­ble, and Stools.

Of those Countreys which the Turks term Romania, anciently known by the Names of Greece and Dacia.

China.

CHina hath on the North, Catay, and the Tartars; on the South, Cauchin-China; on the East, the Sea; and on the West, Brama. It reacheth from 17 Degrees to 42 of Northerly Latitude, and lyeth after their own description almost four­square. On the West it is separated and secure from unneighbourly Na­tions, by a Sandy Wilderness. On the North, by a Wall, which Nature hath framed partly of high Moun­tains, and Art hath supplyed with the nature and industry of men.

Natures of the people.The people are in composition of their body, short nosed, and small black eyes; their beards are thin, not having above twenty hairs: They are white, but not so much as in Europe; the men as well as the women suffer their hair to grow long, colour it, and gather it into a [Page 207] Net or Cawl on the top of their head; those which are unmarried, wear their hair curled on the top of their foreheads. They are for the most part an ingenuous and politick people, much delighting in the exer­cise of manual Arts. The air is very temperate, the soyl pleasant andFertili [...]y. fertil; they have two, and some­where three Harvests in a year. It aboundeth likewise in Rice, Wool, Cotton, Olives, Vines, Flax, Silk, all kinds of Metal, Fruits, Cattel, Sugar, Honey, Rheubarb, Porcelyne Dishes, Camphir, Ginger, all kinds of Spices, Wood, Musk, and Salt.

The Countrey is for the most part plain, in so much that they have Coaches and Carts driven ordina­rily with Sails; few Mountains, but plains of an hundred miles compass. Diet.They eat thrice in a day, but spa­ringly, not touching their meat with their hands, but with two sticks of Ivory, Ebony, and the like.

Provinces. China is of wonderfull bigness, well-nigh equalizing all Europe; it is said to be 3000 leagues in com­pass, [Page 208] and 1800 leagues in length. As for the name of China, it is only used by us, the Inhabitants calling themselves Tamans, and Tabencos. It is divided into 15 Provinces, to the least of which our European Countreys cannot admit comparison. Six of these border on the Sea, Cantan, Foquien, Chequiam, Nan­quin, Xantam, Paquin; the other nine be In-land, Quiansi, Huquam, Honan, Xiensi, Xansi, Suchnon, Queichen, Junan, Coansi; some reckon these names somewhat diffe­rently. The King holdeth his Court in Naquin; his Predecessors before the Tartarian Conquest, are said to have resided in Nanquin, or as some say in Quinsay. They have 244 Cities, of name dignified by the title Fu; and as many smaller Cities, entituled Cheu, with their several Jurisdictions: and a third sort called Hieu, as big as the meaner Cities of Spain, above 1120. Two sorts of Castles, both for Fortification and Habitation, with priviledges also of Markets; the greater sort named [Page 209] Huy, 293: the less of greater num­ber, 2593: their Villages are in­numerable.

The Cities generally are like one another, except in greatness; the Streets are strait, yielding prospect from one Gate to the other. Canton is accounted the least of the Metro­politan Cities, yet the Walls of it have 83 Bulwarks; the Streets so broad, that ten men may ride in front, and paved and adorned with many triumphant Arches and Shops on both sides; the Bridges here and elsewhere are many, of large Free-Stones, very costly; the High-wayes which lead to the Cities, very state­ly; and the Kings Houses for the publick Officers, very magnificent, after their manner.

Nanquin is some eight or ten leagues from the Sea, with a River leading thither. It hath three fair brick-walls, with large and stately Gates; the Streets are of two leagues, or of two and a half in length, wide, and paved; the compass is at least eleven or twelve leagues, and [Page 210] containeth by conjecture 200000 houses. It equals or exceeds four of the fairest Cities in Europe; there are divers other Cities within a dayes journey hereof, which are great and famous for Traffick, of which Han­cheum and Sucheum are chief, which are of the Chinians called Paradise, for the plenty of all things. Sucheum is seated as Venice is, having her Streets part by water, and part on land; so rich in Traffick, that 12 millions of Revenue do accrue from hence to the King yearly.

Quinsay, heretofore the Royal Seat of the Kings of Mangi; the situation of it is in the midst of China, and near the Sea; but now this famous City, containing here­tofore 100 miles in compass, having 12000 Bridges, and 1600000 Hous­holds, hath bequeathed her Land and greatness unto Nanquin, and her Sea-treasures unto Sucheum, both succeeding, but not together equalling this great and famous City.

These Cities of China want that [Page 211] elegance and magnificence, which stately Temples and sumptuous build­ings do afford to our Cities of Eu­rope: Their Houses are low, without the ornament of Porches, Galleries, Windows, and prospect into the Streets: besides these habitations, there are many which dwell on Land, but in their Ships; for their Shipping is of two sorts, one for sail, and ano­ther for habitation also: these also meaner or fairer, according to the wealth of the Owner: In the one side they carry their Families, in the other their Passengers. Many Barks are as Victualling-houses by the way, and likewise as Shops of Merchan­dize. They buy and sell not with Gold, but Silver, and that not coyn­ed, but every one hath his Scales with him to the Market, to weigh his Silver; and they are subtle and deceitfull, if men be not wary. Things are there exceeding cheap, a hundred pound of Sugar may be bought there for nine or ten six­pences, and other things propor­tionable.

[Page 212] Tamen.This Kingdom is called Tamen, and the Inhabitants Tamegines; China is a meer stranger in China. Revenue.The King is absolute Monarch, and in Revenue exceedeth all the Princes in Europe and Africk together; his whole Revenue being reckoned, ari­seth together to 150 millions: His expences are exceeding great, all the Mandarines, Eunuchs or Courtiers, Souldiers, Hospitals, and Priests, re­ceiving Stipends out of his Exche­quer. The King hath one Wife, but many Concubines, whose Children inherit if the lawfull Wife be barren. These women are not suffered to go abroad, nor likewise to speak unto their Kinsfolks. His Courtiers are Eunuchs, whom their poor Parents have gelded in their youth, in hope of Courtly preferment; of these there are supposed to be in the Court some 16000.

Burials.When any of these Chinoys dye, they clothe him in his best Apparel, set him in his best Chair, and there all his hindred kneel before him, and take their leave with tears; when he [Page 213] is Coffined, they place him in a room richly furnished, and set by him a Table full of Viands and good chear, with Candles continually burning; and when he hath layn thus 15 dayes, he is carried forth to his Funeral, where they burn his Body, Men, Cattle, and Provision for his attendance and sustenance.

Barbary.

ALl the Tract of Land between Atlas and the Sea, (stretch­ing in length from Egypt to the Straights) is called Barbaria. It comprehendeth both Mauritanias, Africa minor, Lybia exterior; be­sides Cyreniaca, and Marma­rica.

Division.It is bounded on the East, with Cyreniaca; West, with the Atlan­tick Ocean; North, the Mediterra­nean; and South, the Hill Atlas.

It is divided into four Kingdoms, Tunis, Algier, Fez, and Morocco; all which are of the like fertility, and peopled with the like Inhabitants; on­ly the Cities speak the Arabick, but not pure, and the Countrey use the old African tongue.

Fertility.The fertility consists in Fruits, Figs, Olives, Dates, Sugar, and Horses of excellent beauty, strength, and service.

[Page 217] Natures of the People.The Men are of a duskish colour; comely of body; stately of gate; implacable in hatred; constant in af­fection; laborious, and treache­rous. The Women are sumptuous in Jewels; beautifull in blackness; having delicate soft skins.

Tunis. Tunis: the Kingdom of Tunis containeth all that which the Anci­ents called Africa propria, or minor, and Numidia antiqua.

The Soyl is healthfull, especially the West-part; the Inhabitants are sound and healthfull; seldom vexed with any sickness: hereof are reckoned five parts, Bugia, Con­stantia, Tunis, Tripolis, and Ezab; this Ezab is the most Easterly-part, having many Towns and Regions, amongst which some account Mesra­ta: from these parts unto Capes is the Tripolitan Region. The chief Town is Tripolis, where the Turk hath his Bassa, or Viceroy, a recep­tacle of the Pirates which rove and rob in those Seas. This Region was named so of three Cities, whose Co­lonies planted it, Abrotonum, To­phia, [Page 218] and Leptis; from Capes to Guadilbarbar is the Tunetan Terri­tory. The chief City is Tunis; it is a great City since the ruines of Car­thage, near unto which it standeth. It hath in it about 10000 Housholds; it hath many Temples, especially one of singular beauty and greatness.

Bizerta is also an ancient City, supposed by some to be Ʋtica, where Cato slew himself; from thence unto the Mountain of Con­stantia, is that Region hereof bearing name. Constantia is the chief City; it is an ancient City, containing 8000 Families, and many sumptu­ous Buildings, a great Temple, two Colledges, and three or four Mona­steries, much resorted to by Mer­chants; every Trade having their peculiar Streets. In this Region is situate Bona, someime called Hippo, where St. Austin was Bishop. Bu­gia, so called of Bugia the principal City, extends it self 150 miles: this Bugia was once adorned with Tem­ples, Monasteries, Hospitals, and Col­ledges of Students in the Mahume­tan [Page 219] Law. Ezab is the most Easter­ly part of the Tunetan Kingdom; the chief Province whereof is Mes­rata. The Inhabitants are rich, and pay no tribute: there grow Dates and Olives; and they traffick with the Numidians, to whom they carry the Wares which they buy of the Venetians.

The Great Turk swayeth with his Ottoman Scepter at this present the Kingdom of Tunis, and all Africa, from Bellis de Gomora to the Red Sea, (except that little which the Spaniard hath.)

Algier and Telensin. Algier and Telensin: these King­doms were of old called Maurita­nica. The Kingdom of Telensin con­taineth in length from East to West 380 miles, in breadth not above 25. It hath two frequented Haven-Towns, Oram and Mersalcabir, both taken and holden by the Spani­ards. Oran is a fair City, having in it about 10000 Families.

Algier is subject to the Turks: here is the Seat of a Turkish Viceroy or Beglerbeg, and of Turkish Ro­vers. [Page 220] It containeth about 4000 Fa­milies; the Buildings very sumptu­ous; Inns, Bath-stones, and Tem­ples, very beautifull; every Occu­pation hath a several place by it self. It hath adjoyning Plains very pleasant and fertil one whereof is 45 miles long, and 30 broad; it was some­time subject to the Kingdom of Te­lensin. Within these Kingdoms standeth the Desart of Angad, where­in are store of Roes, Deer, and Ostriches, Arabian Thieves, and Lyons. Guaguido and Tegdemit are two Cities belonging to this King­dom.

Fez. Fez: this Kingdom of Fez stretch­eth from Azamor to Tangier; and from the Atlantick Ocean to Muldia. This River is the Eastern Border; on the North, it is washed with the Sea; on the South, is the Kingdom of Mo­rocco; and on the West, the River Ommicabili: the Rivers Sube, Luccus, and others water it; therein are numbred seven Provinces, Temesna, the Territory of Fez, Azgar, Elha­bet, Errif, Garet, and Chaus; every of [Page 221] which had in old times their several Governours. The City of Fez is now the Royal Seat; it hath this golden title given it, because the first day of the foundation of it, there was found some quantity of Gold. This City is now both great and strong; and for the sweet situation of it, both Nature and Art have played their parts; for it is watered with a deli­cate River, which disperseth it self by manifold channels into every Street and corner of the City, and by Conduit-Pipes closely visiting every Temple, Colledge, Inn, Hospital, yea and almost every private House, from whence with an officious ser­vice it carryeth away the filth. Their Buildings are stately, to admi­ration; the roofs of their Houses are adorned with Gold and Azure, and other excellent colours; they are made flat for the Inhabitants use and p [...]easure, whose Houses are richly furnished within; besides the ex­quisiteness of the Portals, Pillars, Cisterns, and other parts of this Ci­ties furniture, there are above [Page 222] 700 Moschees, Temples, and smal­ler Chappels within this City, which are adorned with Marble Pillars, and other ornaments; the Chapters thereof wrought with Mosiaque and carved work; every one hath his foundation of Marble, or of other Stones; the Floors are covered with Mats, as are the Walls, a Mans height, lyned therewith. There is one principal or Cathedral Church, called the Temple of Carven, con­taining about a mile and half in cir­cuit; it hath 31 Gates, great and high; the roof is 150 yards long, and little less than 80 broad; the roof hereof is exceeding high, sup­ported with 38 Arches in length, and 20 in breadth; round about are certain Porches on the East, West, and North, in length 40 yards, and in breadth 30, under which are Store-houses, wherein are kept Lamps, Oyl, Mats, and other necessa­ries. Every night are lighted 900 Lamps, for every Arch hath his Lamp. About the Walls are Pul­pits of divers sorts, wherein the [Page 223] Masters teach to the people such things as pertain to their Faith. The Revenues of this Temple are 200 Duckats a day. In this City are two principal and stately Colledges of Scholars, adorn'd with Mosiaque and carved works; one of which is most beautifull, adorned with a goodly Fountain of Marble, and a stream continually running; the Gates of the Colledge are of brass, fairly wrought; in the great Hall where they say their prayers, is a Pul­pit, which hath Stairs all of Ivory and Ebony. All the Colledges in Fez have some resemblance to this; and in every of them are Readers, and Professors of divers Sciences. There are many Hospitals in Fez, not inferiour to the Colledges, where Learned Men and Gentlemen receive entertainment, and poor Men relief. There is another Hos­pital for diseased Strangers, which have their Diet, but not their Phy­sick. Inns here are almost 200, built three stories high, and have 120 Chambers a piece; but here is no [Page 224] provision of Bed nor Board for Stran­gers. These Inn-keepers are so odi­ous, that (unless base fellows) none of the better sort will speak to them. Each Trade in Fez hath his Street alotted thereto.

In the Suburbs of Fez are 150 Caves, hewn out of excellent Mar­ble, the least of which will hold 1000 measures of Corn: this is the sink of Fez, where every one may be a Vintner, and a Bawd. Another Suburb hath 200 Families of Lepers, which are there provided for. In New Fez the Jews have a Street, wherein they have their Houses, Shops, and Synagogues.

The other Cities of this Kingdom, Septa, now in the hands of the King of Spain, Tangier, and Alguer, nigh unto which the three Kings, Sebasti­an King of Portugal, Mahomet, and Abdelmelech, Competitors for this Kingdom, were slain in one day.

Mo [...]occo. Morocco: this Kingdom is divided into seven Provinces, Hea, Sus, the Region of Morocco, Gazzula, Ducca­la, H [...]scora, and Tedles. Morocco is [Page 225] the chief City, and was once the Metropolis of Barbary, as contain­ing 100000 Housholds, but now in­feriour unto Fez for populousness, spaciousness, and beauty. The chief Buildings hereof are the Church and the Castle; the Church is big­ger, though not so beautifull as that at Fez, and hath a Tower so high, that the Hills of Azafi being 120 miles distant, may be thence easily discerned. The Castle is very large, and on a Tower thereof stands three Globes made of pure gold, weighing 130000 Barbary Duckats; divers Kings have gone about to take them down, but have desisted, by reason of some misfortune or other that have befallen them.

The other Towns of note are Ton­govista, Fisedet, and Massa, abound­ing in Amber.

Revenue.The Revenue of the Xeriffs are ve­ry great, which they levy out of the tenth of their Subjects gains; be­sides a Duckat for every Pole, male and female, above 15 years of age. In Merchandize of a Citizen he re­ceives [Page 226] two in the hundred; of a Stranger, ten; Church and Col­ledge-Lands are escheated to him.

Numidia and Lybia.

BEfore we come to Numidia, we must pass over Mount Atlas, (now called Anchisae, or Montes Clari) a Hill of that height, that the top of it cannot be seen.

It is bounded on the East, with Egypt; West, with the Atlantick Ocean; North, Atlas; and South, Lybia.

Natures of the People.The people to this day spend their lives in Hunting, and stay but three or four dayes in a place, as long as the Grass will serve their Camels. This is the cause the Countrey is so ill peopled, the Towns so small in them­selves, and so remote from others; for Teffet, a great City in their esteem, contains but 400 Housholds, and hath no Neighbours within 300 miles of it.

Fertility.This Countrey aboundeth with Dates, which is the chief Diet of [Page 228] the people; but this sweet meat hath sowr sauce, for it commonly rotteth their teeth betimes. The air is of that nature, that if any one be trou­bled with the French Disease, he shall here find remedy.

Peoples.Of the Numidians and Lybians are five peoples, Zenaga, Guenzaga, Terga, Lemta, and Berdeua, and live all after the same manner and order, that is, without order or man­ners at all.

Apparel.Their Garments are of base Colth, scarce covering half their bodies: The Gentlemen to be distinguished from the rest, wear a Blue Jacket with wide sleeves: their Steeds are Camels, which they ride without saddle or bridle: their Beds are Mats made of Rushes, and their Food is oft-times Patience with an empty belly. This Countrey aboundeth with Serpents and Scorpions, so that daily some are found dead by their venomous biting.

Their chief Cities are Staphilet, Dansen, Dara, and Techoret, a Town very courteous to Strangers.

[Page 229] Lybia. Lybia hath on the East, Nilus; West, the Atlantick Ocean; North, Numidia; and South, the Land of the Negros.

This Countrey is a Desart, dry and sandy, utterly void of Springs and Ri­vers, so that a man may travel eight dayes or more without finding water. The Desarts are of divers shapes, some covered with Gravel, others with Sand, both without water; here and there is a Lake, sometimes a shrub, or a little Grass. The Mer­chants that travel to Tombuto, or other places this way, carry water with them on Camels; and if water fail, they kill their Camels and drink the water which they wring out of their guts. They live without form of Law, in manner of brute Beasts; they are most notorious Thieves, and very dangerous to Merchants; yet there live among them many Afri­cans, civil, courteous entertainers of Strangers.

Of the Land of Negros.

NIgrarum Terrae, or the Land of the Negros, either is so called of the River Niger, or of the black colour of the Inhabitants. It hath on the East, Ethiopia Superior; West, the Atlantick Ocean; North, Lybia; and South, the Kingdom of Mani­congo in Ethiopia Inferior.

Natures of the People.The Inhabitants at most want the use of reason; most alienate from dexterity of wit, and all Arts and Sciences; prone to luxury, and are for the greater part Idolaters. Riches.The Countrey is abundantly stored with Gold and Silver, very fine and pure. The River Niger here, as the River Nilus in Egypt, overfloweth the adjacent Fields for the space of 40 dayes, and in so many more re­collects his waters into his proper Channels.

The chief Provinces or Kingdoms [Page 231] (of which here are 25) are,

Kingdoms or Pro­vinces. Gualata; this Province was sub­dued by the King of Tombuto; a beggarly, thievish, lying Countrey, as any is in the World; they anoint their hair every day with the fat of Fish, for great gallantry, whereof they stink exceedingly. The women esteem it their chiefest parts of goodly feature, to have large breasts, which by art and stretching some have them hanging to their Navel.

Guinea confineth with Gualata; here there is neither Town nor Ca­stle, but Mina, built and fortified by the Portugal, for their better trading here. They have some Snakes here of 30 foot long; Spi­ders as big as the palm of ones hand; slore of Camelions, blue Parrots, and many sorts of Apes. They esteem it a great part of beauty to have a flat Nose.

Tombutum: this is the richest Prince in all this part of Africk, keeping a Royal Palace; he hath some Scepters that weigh 13000 pound weight a piece: The King [Page 232] will admit no Jews into the City, he hateth them so, yet he loveth and maintaineth a great number of learn­ed men.

Melli, a Countrey of 300 miles in length, hath the richest, civilest, and industriousest Inhabitants of any amongst these Negrites.

Cano is a Countrey abounding in Lemmons and Pomegranates.

Gialofi; the people hereof are of that admirable nimbleness, that they will leap on a Horse when he gallop­eth, and stand upright when he runs fastest.

Benin; here the people go naked untill they are married, and then are clothed from the wast to the knees: the King hereof hath 600 Wives, with all which twice a year he goeth in pomp; the Gentlemen have some 80, some 90, the meanest 1 [...]: Men and Women pinck their bodies, put­ting thereon grease mixed with co­lour; here they offer their Wives to Strangers.

Nubia stretcheth from Gaoga un­to Nilus, having the Egyptian con­fines [Page 233] on the North, and the Desarts of Goran on the South: Dangala is their chief Town, and hath 10000 Families; but ill built, their Houses being Chalk and Straw: the Inha­bitants with their Traffick to Cairo become rich; there is in this King­dom great store of Corn, Sugar, Civet, Sandal, and Ivory. They have a strong poyson here, the tenth part of a Grain whereof will kill a man in a quarter of an hour; one Ounce is sold for 100 Ducats.

Bornum; here the people have neither Children, Wives, nor Names, but are distinguished by some exter­nal accident.

Gaoga; this Kingdom hath nei­ther civility, letters, nor Govern­ment. The chief Towns of these Provinces are Tombutum, Genni, Agadez, Guangara, Songum, and Choninam, the third City in estima­tion of all Africk.

Ethiopia Superior, or the Empire of Prester John.

THis is the greatest and power­fullest Prince in all Africk; his Dominion begins at the entrance of the Red Sea, and stretcheth to the entrance of the Island of Seine, North; East, on Egypt, and the Desarts of Nubia; and on the South­side, on Monemugi. It contains in compass 4000 Italian miles. Fertility.The Region is scarce in Wheat, but plenty in Rice, Barley, Pease, and Beans: They have abundance of Sugar, Mi­nerals of all sorts, and infinite Herds of Oxen and Sheep; they have no coyn of Gold or Silver, Salt is the most currant money. The Moun­tains and Woods are full of Bassill, and other odoriferous Plants: Natures of the People.The people are much inclined to Barba­rism, destitute of learning, not to be credited, unless they swear by the [Page 235] life of their Prince: they hate a Smith equally with the Devil; their colour is generally Olive-tawny.

Rivers.Their chief Rivers are Abas, Totcasis, and Nilus.

There are in this Empire 70 tri­butary Kingdoms, the chief whereof are,

Barnagasso; this Kingdom is si­tuate upon the Red Sea; it stretch­eth from Suachen almost to the mouth of the Streits; it hath no other Port on the Red Sea but Erocco, neither hath the Prester any other Port in all his Dominion but this; and of late the Turk hath taken this, with that of Suachen, and forced the Governour of this Pro­vince to compound for the yearly sum of 1000 ounces of Gold.

Tigramahon; this Kingdom ly­eth between Nilus, Marabo, An­gote, and the Sea. It hath in it Ca­zunio, supposed to be the Royal Seat of that Queen that visited Solomon.

Angote is between Tigramahon and Amare; in this Kingdom Iron and Salt is currant money.

[Page 236] The Hill Amarah. Amara is situate in the midst of the Countrey; here is a steep Hill dilating it self in a round form, many dayes journey in compass. It is si­tuate in a Plain, extending it self every way without other Hill in the same, for the space of [...]0 leagues; the form is round; the height is such, that it is a dayes work to ascend from the bottom to the top; the air above is wholesome and delectable, and they live there very long without sickness; there are 34 Palaces on the top, spacious, sumptuous, and beau­tifull, where the Princes of the Royal blood have their abode, with their Families.

Xoa; this Kingdom hath store of Corn and Cattle.

Goyame; this Kingdom hath plenty of Gold; here only, and in the Hills of the Moon, is found the Unicorn, which is seldom seen, only the Horn is found, which he casteth in manner of the Hart.

Fatigar; in Fatigar is a Lake on the top of a high Mountain, 12 miles in compass, stored with Fish; and [Page 237] thence run many Rivers stored with the same Fish.

Guegere was sometime called Me­ro; the Inhabitants are confederate with the Turks and Moors against the Abassines: it is an Island situate in the Rive [...] Nilus.

The chief Cities of this Kingdom are Saba and Zambra; besides these two there is none have above 3000 Houses in them, but these are populous and magnificent, with Towers, Temples, triumphant Arches, Obelisks, Pyramides, and the like tokens of Industry, Antiquity, and Majesty.

Saba was founded by the Queen which visited Solomon, and was the Mother-City of the Empire. It hath 5000 Houses, great and sumptu­ous; the Streets spacious, with Por­tals and Pent-houses; it hath four choice Gates, all Alablaster and Jasper, wrought with antique works; the great doors of Cedar, curiously carved; the wayes that lead to these Gates for the space of two leagues, are set with Palms, [Page 238] Planes, Oranges, Cedars, Cypress, and other Trees, on both sides, for shade and fruit. Near to this City are Mines of Gold, Gardens, and other places of pleasure and profit.

Zambra is greater, containing 30000 Houses, and innumerable concourse of people. It stands in the Kingdom of Caffates, and near the great Lake, called hereof Zambra, where the Emperour leaving his wonted manner of removing up and down in Tents, hath fixed his Court-Royal; and yet without the City are many Tents belonging to the Court. The other Cities are Cossonum, Za­meta, Aruma, Eranco, and Suachen; besides the Kings Court, which is as a wandring City; for with his Tents and Pavilions belonging to him, he covereth no less than ten miles.

Buildings.Their Houses in Ethiopia are for the most part round; all of Earth; flat-roofed; covered with Thatch; compassed with Yards. They sleep on Ox-Hides; they have neither Table nor Table-Clothes, but have their Meat served in on wooden [Page 239] Platters; some eat Flesh raw; others broyl it.

The Person of this Emperour is very much honoured; nay adored by the common People, to whom he sheweth himself but thrice a year, (viz.) Christmas, Easter, and Holy-Rood.

Of Ethiopia Exterior.

EThiopia Inferior, called also Ex­terior, hath on the East, the Red Sea; West, the Aethiopian Ocean; North, Terra Nigrarum; and South, the Southern Ocean.

Division.The usual division of this Region is into five parts, (viz.) Aian, Benomotapa, Zanzibar, Cafaria, and Congo.

Aian. Aian after the Arabian account, containeth all that Region that lyeth between the mouth of the Red Sea, and Quilimanci, being for the most part on the Sea-coast inhabited by the said Arabians; but in the In­land-part thereof are People of a black heathenish Nation.

It comprehendeth two Kingdoms, Adel and Adea; the former of which extendeth it self from the mouth of the Red Sea, to the Cape Guardasu, South and West; it bordereth on [Page 241] the Dominion of Prester John, about the Kingdom of Fatigar.

Fertility.It aboundeth with Flesh, Honey, Wax, Corn, Gold, Ivory. The chief City is Arar; Zeila also and Barbo­ra pertain to this [...]ingdom, Cities without the Streit on the Sea, much frequented by Merchants. It is sto­red with variety of Merchandize, and yieldeth some representation of Antiquity in building thereof, con­sisting of Lime and Stone.

Adea is situate between Adel, Abassia, and the Sea, to which last it is tributary. The chief Towns are Brava, Pate, and Gogia; these two last belong to the Portugal.

Zanzibar. Zanzibar extendeth from the Ri­ver Quilimanci to Benomotape: It is a low, fenny, woody Countrey, with many Rivers, which by the ex­tremity of moisture causes the Air to be intemperate. From the Waste upward they go naked.

Herein are contained the Territo­ries of Melinde, Mombara, Quiloa, Mozambique, and others.

Melinde is the name of a King­dom, [Page 242] and of the chief City thereof. The Inhabitants near the Sea are Moors, and build their Houses after the manner of Europe.

Quiloa is the name of a City and Island, which is a Kingdom of the Moors, and extendeth her Domini­on far in the Coast. The People of this Island use when they have fe­male-Children born, to sew up the private passages of nature, leaving only a small passage for the Urine; and if they want this sign of their Vir­ginity when they are married, they are disgracefully sent home to their Parents, and by them as opprobi­ously received.

Here are divers other Kingdoms also, as Mombara, Mozimba, Ma­cuas, Embeve; and against them the Promontory Prassum.

Mozambique; by this name is signified a Kingdom in the Continent and Island, also with a safe harbour. Mozambique Island is inhabited by Portugals, which have there a strong Castle. Here the Portugal Ships winter; they have Trade in the Con­tinent, [Page 243] in Sena, Macura, Sofala, and Cuama.

Sofala is a rich Kingdom, and abounds in Gold and Ivory; it lyeth between Cuama and Magnice, two Rivers. Here the Portugals have on a little Island a Port and Factory of very rich Trade, the People bring­ing great quantity of Gold for their Cloth and other Commodities; it is supposed that it amounteth to two millions yearly. Orfe is of opinion that this Sofala is that which in Solo­mon's time was called Ophir.

Besides these Kingdoms before­mentioned, here are Gorova, Colta, Norzuge, Moneulo, Baduis, and Mo­noemagi, which is rich in Gold.

Benomotopa Benomotopa is almost invironed round with Waters, having on the West and South, the River call [...]d Rio D'Infanto; on the East, the Ocean; and on the North, the Ri­ver Quama.

This Countrey is in compass 450 miles, and aboundeth with such store of Elephants, that no less than 5000 are yearly killed for their Teeths [Page 244] sake. Here are said to be 3000 Mines of Gold; the chief being Manica, Boro, and Quitiani. The Mines nearest to Sofala are those of Manica, which are in wide Cham­paignes, compassed with Mountains, 90 miles in circuit.

The places where the Gold is, ap­pear and are known by the dryness and barrenness of the Soyl.

In the Mines of Boro and Quiticui, and in the Rivers, is found Gold, but not so pure.

The chief Provinces are Motana, Tocoa, Melchucha, Quinibebe, Ber­faca, and Banagall.

The chief Cities are Benomotopa, Zimbas, and Tongum, the Kings Seat.

Natures of the Peo­ple.All the People of this Region are of curled Hair, and are more inge­nious than those which are against Mozambique, Quiloa, and Melinde; among whom are many that eat Mans Flesh, and let their Kine blood to satisfie their thirst. They punish nothing more than Witch-craft, Adultery, and Theft.

[Page 245] Cafraria. Cafraria hath on the East, Rio D'Infanto; West and South, the Ocean; and North, Lune Montes. The People live like Beasts, and are as black as Pitch. Here are in this Countrey besides great herds of Oxen and Sheep, abundance of Deer, Antilopes, Baboons, Foxes, Hares, Ostriches, Cranes, Pelicans, Herons, Geese, Ducks, Phesants, Partridges. In this Countrey near the Cape of good Hope, the People esteem so much of Brass or Iron, and other trifles, that they would exchange their Cowes and Sheep for a piece of old Iron scarce worth four pence.

Congo. Congo hath on the East, Aubassia; West, the Ethiopian Ocean; North, the Land of Negros; and South, the Hills called Lune Montes.

The Provinces of this Kingdom are, 1. Matama: this is a King­dom great and mighty; the Air thereof is wholsome; Fertility.the Earth out­wardly furnished with store of Fruits; inwardly with Mines of Christal, and other Metals.

Angola was sometime a Province [Page 246] of this Kingdom, but it is now a Kingdom of it self, and very popu­lous. Here are Mines of Silver, and most excellent Copper. They have many Kine, but love Dogs better than any other Flesh, and fat them to the Shambles.

These Countreys are very popu­lous, insomuch that they sell to the Portugals yearly 28000 Slaves. The chief Towns are, 1. Benza, call'd by the Portugals S. Savours. 2. S. Pall, lying on the Sea-shore. It is the principal Haven in these parts.

Egypt.

THis Kingdom is confined on the East, with the Arabian De­sarts; those of Bara, Lybia, and Numidia, West; South, it is divi­ded from Ethiopia by the great Ca­taract; and North, with the Egyp­tian Sea, being part of the Medi­terranean. A Coast dangerous and unhospitable, full of flats, having no Haven but that of Alexandria, which is by a Desart divided from the rest of the habitable Countrey; so that it is neither by Sea nor Land to be in­vaded, but with much difficulty. It is said to extend from North to South, 560 miles, and in breadth from Rosetta to Damietta, 140.

Fertility.The wonderfull fertility of this Soyl, is rather to be admired than expressed; in times past reputed the Granary of the whole World. A­mongst other Commodities which [Page 248] this Earth doth yield, and are fetched hence by Foreigners, are Riches.Sugar, Flax, Rice, all manner of Grain, Linnen Cloth, Hides, Salt; Butargio and Cassia being now the principal.

Nilus.The fertility of this Countrey pro­ceeds from the Inundation of Nilus, which from the 15. of June, over­floweth the Countrey for the space of 40 dayes, and in as many more gathers his waters again; if it flow not the height of 15 Cubits, then is the Earth deficient of her abundance of encrease, for want of moisture; and if above 17, it cannot produce its natural operation: but if the mean be granted, there is no Coun­trey can brag of such abundance; the Corn being all inned before the first of May: During this Inunda­tion the Cattle lye on Hills and in the Towns, to which they are driven before hand; as for the Towns and Villages, they stand all on the tops of Hills; Commerce and entercourse is not a jot diminished, for Skiffs and like Boats supply the places of Horses and Camels.

[Page 249]The chief Cities of this Kingdom are, 1. Alexandria, once the Me­tropolis of Africa, but now hath nothing left her but her ruines, and those ill witnesses of her perished beauties; only the Walls remain, one within another imbattled, and garnished with 68 Turrets, rather stately than strong. The buildings as they are now, are mean and few, erected on the ruines of the former; that part that lyeth along the shore inhabited only, the rest desolate; the Walls almost quadrangular, on each side a Gate; one opens to­wards Nilus, another regards Ma­riotis, a third the Desarts of Bracha, and the fourth the Haven.

Inhabited it is by Moors, Turks, Jews, Christians, Heathens, and Gre­cians, more in regard of Merchan­dize, (for Alexandria is a free Port both for friend or enemy) than for the conveniency of the place, being seated where they have neither Til­lage nor Pasturage. They keep good store of Goats, with ears hanging to the ground, which feed amongst the [Page 250] ruines. In the Isle of Pharos stands a Castle, which defends the entrance of the Haven; ten in the hundred is to be paid for all the Commodities that is there brought a shore, only Moneys pay but one and a half; whereof they take an exact account, that thereby they may aim at the value of the returned Commodities, then paying eleven in the hundred even for such Commodities as are in value unaltered; at so high a rate is this free Traffick purchased, the Mahumetan paying as much as the Christian; the Jews pay unto the Bassa for Custom 20000 Maidens a day; but the Traffick of the Por­tugal, English, and Dutch hither, is not discontinued, they bringing such Wares to their several homes by the back-side of Africk.

2. Rosetta is another City stand­ing on a branch of the River Nile; the Houses here are all Brick, flat roofed, as they are generally in those hotter Countreys, for the Moors use much to lye on the tops of their Houses: Raw-hides are here an ex­cellent [Page 251] Commodity, from hence transported into Italy.

3. Cairo, a City of marvelous strength, seated on the East-side of the River, at the foot of the Rocky Mountain Muccat; it is in compass about 8 miles: the Streets narrow, the Houses high, built all of Stone almost to the top; at the end of each Street is a Gate, making the Streets as defensive as a Castle: The Houses are more beautified without, than commodious within, being ill contrived, with cumber­some passages; they are flat, and plastered; above the wall surmount­ing the roof commonly of single brick; their Locks and Keys be of Wood, even to doors that are pla­ted with Iron; their Mosques ex­ceed in magnificency, of which there are a great number in this City; here are also divers goodly Hospi­tals, both for building, revenue, and attendance; the next to these in beauty, are the Great Mens Se­raglios, by which if a Christian ride, they pull him from his Ass with [Page 252] indignation and contumely. The Streets are unpaved, and exceed­ing dirty after rain, which seldom happens here. In the heart of the Town stands a spacious Cane, which they call a Besestan, in which are sold all kind of Wares of the finer sort. Three principal Gates there be in this City, Beb Anfre, toward the Red Sea; Beb Zueila, leading to Nilus, and the old Town; and Bebell Futuly, on the North of the City, opening toward the Lake Esbiky.

This City is inhabited by Moors, Turks, Negroes, Jews, Copties, Greeks, and Armenians, who are here the poorest, and every where the honestest; most of the Inhabi­tants consist of Merchants and Ar­tificers, and though they frequent no Foreign Marts, yet they have great Commerce with divers other Nations, for Silks, Fruits, Wax, and the soveraign Balsamo good for all sorts; besides many other Commodities of Cotton, Wool, rich Stuffs, of Cloth of Gold and [Page 235] Silver, and the best Sattins, Damasks, Taffaties, and Grograms, that are in the whole World: But the main Commodity which comes hither, is brought over-land by Caravans from Mecha, as precious Stones, Spices, Stuffs of India, Indico, Gums, Amber, all sorts of Perfumes; our English have but ill utterance for their Cloths in these hot Countreys. Some four miles from this great City stand the Pyramids surnamed the Worlds Wonder.

The other Cities of note in this Kingdom are, Sues a Haven-Town, standing on the North end of the Red Sea▪ Damietta, a Port-Town. There stand also the two antient fa­mous Cities of Thebes and Memphis, now known only in their ruines.

On the East-side of Egypt stand­eth the Red Sea, so called of the co­lour of the Sand. It is fam [...] for the passage of the Israelites through it.

Cyrene. Cyrene, and the Isle Pharos, are reckoned as parts of this Kingdom: Cyrene hath East, Egypt; West, the Kingdom of Tunis; North, the [Page 254] Mediterranean; and South, the Hill Atlas. In this Countrey stood the Oracle of Jupiter Ammon, whither when Alexander travelled he saw for four dayes space neither Man, Beast, Bird, Tree, nor River. The chief Cities are Cyrene, Arsinoa, and Ba­ria; the Soyl is barren of water and Fruits; the people are uncivil, and Theftuous.

Isle Pharos. Pharos is a little Island over against Alexandria, in which for the benefit of Sailors was built a Watch-Tower, reckoned one of the seven Wonders of the World.

Revenues.The Revenue which the Turk re­ceiveth hence, is three millions year­ly, two of which is distributed to sup­port the charge of his Vicegerent Bashaw, and presidary Souldiers.

Mexicana.

Provinces. MExicana containeth the Nor­thern Tract, and compre­hendeth the distinct Provinces of Mexico, Quivira, Nocaragua, Incu­tan, Florida, Virginia, Norumbega, Nova Francia, Corterialis, and Esto­tilandia.

Mexico. Mexico giving name to half Ame­rica, is now called Nova Hispania. In this Countrey is that excellent Tree called Mett, which hath forty kinds of Leaves, which serve for ma­ny uses.

Riches.It aboundeth with golden-sanded Rivers, and is very much furnished with Gold, and glorieth in the Mountain Propochampeche, which is [Page 257] of the same nature as Aetna and Ve­savius.

It hath on the East, Incutan; West, Calformio; South, Peruana; the Northern bounds are unknown. It is divided into four parts:

The first part is Gallicia Nova; the principal Cities whereof are, Xalis, Guadaliara, New Mexico, Coanum, Compostella, S. Esprit, S. Mi­chael, where is a Colony of Spani­ards; stony it is, and rough, yet yieldeth Mines good plenty.

2. Mechuachan, containing in circuit 80 leagues, is one of the best Countreys in New Spain, abound­ing in Mulberry-Trees, Silk, Honey, Wax, black Amber. The Men are tall, strong and active, and some to be of a good wit. The chief Towns are, Smsoige, Pascuar, Colima, and Valedolit. The chief Havens are St. Anthonies, and St. James, or St. Jago.

3. Guastachan, which is most poor in the natural Commodity. The chief City is Tlascalan, the chief City in all these parts next to [Page 258] Mexico. 2. Villeriche, a Port-Town very wealthy, because all the traffick of old and new Spain do pass through it. The Spanish have in it two Colonies.

4. Tremistatan, or Mexico; this is the greatest and noblest of all these four: In it are the Cities of 1. Villa­rucha. 2. Antithero. 3. Meccioca. 4. Ottopan; and 5. Mexico, the Seat of an Archbishop, and of the Spanish Viceroy. It is in compass six miles, and contains 6000 Houses of Spaniards, and 60000 of Indians. The People are witty and industri­ous; good hardy craftsmen; and rich Merchants.

Quivira. Quivira is seated on the most Western part of America, over against Tartary. It is full of Her­bage, and enjoyeth a temperate Air. The People hereof are desirous of Glass more than of Gold: the chief Riches of this Countrey are their Kine, which to them are both Meat, Drink, and Cloth. Her Provinces are Cibola, and Nova Albion.

1. Cibola lyeth on the East-side, [Page 259] and taketh its name from the chief City; the next is Tetontoa.

2. Nova Albion lyeth on the West towards Tartary. It was dis­covered by Sr. Francis Drake, and by him called Nova Albion. The Countrey is aboundant in fruit; the People are given to hospitality, but withall to Witch-craft, and adorati­on of Devils. The chief City is No­va Albion.

Nicaragua. Nicaragua is South-East from Mexico, with whom it agreeth in nature both in Soyl and Inhabitants.

The Countrey is pleasing to the eye, and abounding in all things ne­cessary: it is as plentifull in Parrots, as England is of Crowes. The chief Cities are, 1. New Granada. 2. Leo, a Bishops See.

Incutan. Incutan; this Countrey of Incu­tan is 900 miles in circuit, and is a Peninsula: it is situate over against the Isle Cuba, and is divided into three parts. Incutan: Cities of greatest worth are, 1. Campechium, Sida Lancum. 2. Guatimala; whose chief Towns are Guatimala, [Page 260] Cassuca, and Giapa. 3. Acasamill, vulgarly called Santa Cruza. The chief Town whereof is Santa Cruza.

Florida. Florida hath on the East, Mare del Nort; West, Mexico; North, Nova Francia; and Sourh, Virgi­nia. This Countrey aboundeth in Fruits, and hath good quantity of gold and silver. Emeralds are also found here; and here are Tur­quoypes and Pearls. The principal Cities are Arx, Carolina, St. Helens, St. Matthews. Here are also three strong Ports held by the Spaniard, viz. St. James, St. Phillip, and St. Austin.

Virginia. Virginia hath on the East, Mar [...] el Noort; North, Norumbega; South, Floridia; and West, we know not what limit. It is so fruit­full, that two Acres of Land will return 400 Bushels of Corn. There is said to be rich Veins of Allum, Pitch, Tar, Rosin, Turpentine, store of Cedar, Grapes, Oyl, plenty of sweet Gums, Dies, Timber-trees, Mines of Iron and Copper, and abundance of [Page 261] Fruit, Fishes, Beasts, Fowl, and of that Herb or Grain which they call Maize. The chief Towns are, 1. Requoghton. 2. James-Town. 3. Dalefegilift.

New-Eng­land.The Northern part of this Virginia is called New-England, full of good Towns and Forts, and is like to prove the greatest, best, and happiest Plan­tation of all this Western Conti­nent.

Norum­bega. Norumbega hath on the North, Nova Francia; and South, Virginia; the air is of a good temper, the soyl fruitfull, and the people indifferent civil; the chief Town is called Norumbega, and is possessed by the French.

Nova Francia. Nova Francia hath on the North, Terra Cortelialis; and South, No­rumbega; the earth is barren, the people barbarous: it is inhabited, besides the Natives, with some few Frenchmen: The chief Towns are Canada, Sangunai, and Hochelagi.

Terra Cor­telialis. Terra Cortelialis, or di Laboro­dora, hath on the North, Estoitland; and South, the River Canada: the [Page 262] men are barbarous, of colour brown, swift of foot; the chief of their Vil­lages are Breste, Cabo Marzo, and Santa Maria.

Estoitland. Estoitland hath on the South, Terra Cortelialis: the Soyl is enriched with natural endowments; the Inhabi­tants are endowed with a greater readiness of wit, and soundness of judgement, than the other Ameri­cans. This Province is called by us English, the New-Found-Land.

Peruana.

PEruana containeth the Southern part of America; it is tyed to Mexicana by the Isthmus or Streight of Darien, being no more than 17 miles broad; others make it but 12 only: It comprehendeth Castella Aurea, Guiana, Peru, Brasile, and Chile.

Castella Aurea. Castella Aurea, so called for the abundance of Gold, containeth the Northern part of Peruana, and part of the Isthmus: It is admirably sto­red with Silver, Spices, Pearls, and Medicinal Herbs; and is divided into four Provinces, (viz.) Castella del Oro, Nova Andaluzia, Nova Granada, and Cartegana.

Castella del Oro, is situate in the very Isthmus. It is not very popu­lous, by reason of the unhealthfulness of the air, and the noysomness of the standing Pools. The chief Cities are, [Page 264] Nombre de Dios, on the East; and Pa­nama, on the West; through these Towns cometh all the Traffick that cometh between Spain and Peru.

Nova Andaluzia hath on the North, Castello del Oro; and on the South, Peru. The best Cities are Toccio, now St. Margarets, and Santa Estritta.

Nova Granada is situate on the South-side of Cartegana. The chief Cities are Fungia, Tochannum, Po­paian, S. Foye, Palma, and Merida. This Countrey is very strong, by reason of the situation amongst stony Rocks which environ it. It yieldeth much Fruit, and hath some Mines of Gold and Silver.

Cartegana hath a fruitfull Soyl, in which groweth a Tree which if any one touch, he will hardly escape poysoning. The chief Cities are Cartegana, S. Martha, and Ven­zuela, built on a plain Rock, in the waters of a Lake.

Guiana. Guiana hath East and South, the River Maragnon, called also Ama­zon; and West, the Mountain of [Page 265] Peru: this Countrey is the fruit­fullest part in all Peruana; the In­habitants in Winter dwell in Trees, for fear of Inundations, making on them many artificial Villages, and ranges of buildings. The like they have in Brasile, and the Golden Castle. The chief Towns are, Marequito, a safe Harbour; Wini­capora, nigh unto it is reported that there is a Mountain of Chrystal; Manoa, called also Eldorado, the greatest City of America, situate on a Lake of Salt-water 200 leagues in length; and is by the Spaniards cal­led Eldorado, or the Guilded City, from the abundance of Gold, both in Coyn, I late, Armour, and other Furniture, which Diego Ordas saw there; the other City of note is S. Thome.

Peru. Peru hath on the East, the Peruian Mountains; West, Mare Pacificum, or del Zur; North, Castella Aurea; and South, Chile.

The Soyl is luxuriant in all man­ner of Grain, fortunate in the civility of her Inhabitants, and salubrity of [Page 266] Air; here is great store of Tobacco. The People hold opinion, that Men after they are dead and buried, eat, drink, and wantonnize with Women; and therefore commonly at the death of any, they kill some of his ser­vants.

This Province above any other in America is aboundant in gold and silver; the Mines whereof in silver; the Mines whereof in divers places yield more of this Metal than of Earth: by which abundance, not Spain only, but all Europe, is stored with more pure and fine Gold, than former­ly it was.

The chief Cities of Peru are, 1. St. Michael. 2. Arequipa, seated on the River Plata, and the Haven-Town to Cusco. 3. Li­ma, distant about two leagues from the Sea; the Port that serveth it being called Collao. It is an Archbishops See, and resi­dence of the Peruvian Viceroy. 4. Cusca, the Seat of the anci­ent Kings of this Nation. 5. Gia­cha. 6. Portoneio. 7. Tomobam­ba, [Page 267] glorying in her fair Palaces; and 8. Caxemalcha.

Brasile. Brasile hath on the North, Guiana; on the South, Rio de la plate, and Chile; on the East, the Virginian Ocean; and on the West, the Mountains of Pe­ru, called the Anadees. These Hills are high, craggy, and very barren; full of ravenous Beasts, and poysonous Serpents. Here also live a Mountain-People, be­ing hairy all over, going al­together naked, and live with­out Houses, or Bedding.

The Air here is of a healthfull tem­per; the Earth fat, and alwayes flourishing; great store of Sugars, and wonderfull rich Mines, are the sinews of this Region. Hence com­eth our red Wood, which we use in dyeing of Cloathes, called Brasile; the Trees of which are of that big­ness, that whole Families live in the Arms of one; every Tree being as populous as many of our Villages: for which purpose the Cities here are neither many, fair, nor populous, [Page 268] The chief are S. Anna, Equitum As­censio, Pernambucco, from whence comes that Brasile-Wood, which with us is call'd Fernanbuck-Wood, which they use in dyeing of red Cloathes. The People of this Coun­trey have two ill qualities, as being mindfull of injuries, and forgetfull of benefits; the Men cruel without measure, and the Women infinite laseivious.

Chile. Chile hath East, the Virginian Ocean; West, Mare dell Zur; North, Peru; and South, the Streights of Magellanus. It taketh its denomination from the vehemen­cy of the cold here. The Countrey toward the mid-land is mountainous, and unfruitfull; toward the shore le­vel, fruitfull, and watered with divers Rivers. The Spaniards find here good plenty of Gold, abundance of Honey, store of Cattel, and Wine enough for their own use. The People are very warlike, and of a Giant-like stature, as being (some of them) 11 foot high. The chief Towns are Arequipoum, St. James, [Page 269] built by the Spaniard; Cocim­bam, Villadives, and the Impe­rial.