ANd in the first place, to manifest that my Princely Traveller is of the old Count of Egmonds opinion, That there are no Arms more gaudy and inpertinent than those which many ignoble fantastick Me­chanicks do hold forth.

Secondly, That the true original of Arms was the Heroick Acts of a Nation, and Vi­ctory fought by them; when (to perpe­tuate the memory thereof) Trophes and Coats were made, representing the van­quish'd [Page 22] party; for if they (in the day of Battel) had covered their Heads with Lyons, Leopards, or Tygers skins, the Conqueror would Coat them as the most notorious marks to have vanquisht that party: What Coat of Arms Antraphel the first King (and Moses the first Duke) had, is not ascertained; some Heralds give to Joshua a Thunder-bolt, Gule; with wings Azur; and for Crest a Dragon Azur; to King David a Sling Azur, Field Argent, for Crest a Lions head, signifying his Vi­ctory on the Philistins by the Sling; and that against a Lion by the Crest.

Joseph's Brothers had no honorable nor civil cause to coat a bloody sprinckled Coat, which they shewed to their good old Father Jacob: Cain had less just honour­able cause than they to coat Abel's Altar, and pleasing Sacrifice to God.

The World, before its eighteen hundred years of age, knew of no pitch'd Battel fought.

The Romans (before Marius) did only pitch a bundle of Hay on the top of a Lance, to signifie thereby their Husband-like profession; they put likewise a bundle [Page 23] of green Leaves (as of a bunch of Turnips) on a like Standard; whereupon they fixt a Banner with the Letters, S. P. E. R. but they soon changed those homely signs into a commanding Hand; then to a Dragon, as a thing that could bite, and called the Standard-bearer Draconarius, which they seconded with inflamed Altars, and then with an Eagle, whereon Marius put a Crown; and doubtless their Rams heads in their Trophes (if they as Cromwel could have spoke) would have askt, and will you not Crown us also? since Leopards as well as Eagles have had that honour.

In the Arms of Merove (the first of the three sources of the French Kings) was put a Lion Gule, holding in his paw an Impe­rial Eagle, signifying that he had ceised on part of the Roman Empire; he Raigned ten years in Germany, and in Gaule, from whence the Romans could not force his re­treat.

The Fluer de Lis in the French King's Arms since Clovis and the Thoads, since Pharamond his predecessor (the first Chri­stian French King) had their original not from Fabels, who supposed the Fluer de Lis [Page 24] to be come down from Heaven (with the words, Ex omnibus floribus eligi mihi Lili­um; presented by an Angel and an Hermite of Jurnal) but from Fields wherein great number of them did grow, and wherein Clovis fought a Victory, in remembrance whereof he did Coat them, as on like oc­casion Pharamond did coat the Toades.

And this may serve for a Princely Tra­veller to discourse with the German Noble­men, concerning the first cause of Coating of Arms; And as for the Military profes­sion, full of craft, old as the Devil, who be­gan it to the general destruction of Man­kind: My Princely Traveller cannot do a­miss to Discourse on the Principles follow­ing concerning the same.

MArolois, Fritach, Errard, and de Ville, are four Authors, who have treated very pertinently (and Methodical­ly) on the Military Art, and maintained how Military-men are to be Armed, what [Page 25] spare Arms are requisite, what Ammuniti­ons of War, what provisions of Victuals; what care a Governor ought to have, both in regular and irregular places, how faults are to be mended, how to judge, wherein the perfection and imperfection of all For­tifications consists, to wit, That all the parts of a Forteress must be flanked: that is to say, seen side-wayes, which is mutually to be defended; and that defence is to be made by all such aims as may contribute to a de­fence at a distance, as by Canon or Musket; whence ariseth the question, Whether that part which is to be defended, ought to be either within Canon or Musket shot of that part which defends it? The most common (and best opinions) are, That it ought to be within Musket reach; which argueth, that all Fortresses must be so constructed, as that all their parts must be defended by or­dinary Muskets, which do carry one hun­dred and twenty paces, which is of the meaner sort.

Now as the said Defences may be form­ed several wayes (as by half Bastions and the like) the question may be, Which of all them is the best way of Fortification? which [Page 26] hath been generally resolved on as follow­eth, That such Bastions as are composed of Flanks, Gorges, Faces, and Angles, have pro­ved the best Fortresses, especially such as had a competent space left betwixt each Bastions, termed a Curtin, which is the determina­tion of all true Mathematicians in their constructions; but they never (as yet) a­greed how the quantities of the several parts were to be proportioned; and hence the several and various constructions of Fortresses do arise, and are become subject to the humours and conceits of the Artists, who (according to their several sancies) do augment or diminish the several proporti­ons.

But the indisputable perfection of Forti­sication consists in this, viz. That the place be well flanked by such bodies as are separated from each other, only at a certain distance, so as the remotest part (which is to be desended) be no farther distant from that which is to de­send it, than one hundred and fourscore paces; and the which must be divided into Courtines, Gorges, Flanks, and Faces, as above said.

To hit (as to say) the Bird in the eye, to wit, the attaining to this perfection, the [Page 27] Artist must make a diligent tryal of the di­visions which may best answer his purpose; not departing from the unmoveable ground work, That such places are most de­sencible as are best flanked, and to be flanked; which is the main scope in Fortifying, to wit, to flank and to be flanked. But as those things which have no settled determinati­on (and on which discourses may be grounded) are very hard to be resolved; suppose therefore what extent you will, ei­ther a great or a less may be said as good as the other; but a mean extent betwixt both, may prove the best, since a mean ex­tent squares best with all the parts of a For­tress, since when one intends to Fortifie the side of the Figure must be taken, for it can­not be otherwise, that when one is to for­tifie, he supposeth a subject to be fortified, and that to be a place, which must be sup­posed, and that place to have some figure, which figure is the thing to be fortified.

Now the method which some observe in Fortifying, by taking the distance from one point of the Bastion to the other, is ve­ry absurd, since thereby the Artist seems to suppose what should have been sought for, [Page 28] and seeketh what should have been sup­posed; which contradicts reason it self.

As for Example, One desires to fortifie an Exagone; and supposeth a line which is to be the distance from one point of a Bastion to the other; and that one may trace this line of a just and exact length, one must return backwards and have found out the line of defence, or the sides of the figure, which are the only measures requi­site, and by the which all the others must be traced, so that one must either have shortned or enlarged the said line, being the distance of the Bastions points, until such time as one hath found the line of defence, or the side of the figure, without having all that time had any regard unto the di­stance of the Musket shot.

Or otherwise, One must first have traced either the sides of the figure, or the line of defence, and so from thence have inferred the distance from one Bastion to another, and by this (as is most certain) the con­struction will be contrary to reason; for that one supposeth that which is sought for, and seeks that which is supposed; which is against all order and reason, serving only [Page 29] to confound a man's intellect, and to make Idiots the more admire this Science, by gi­ving credit to these seeming high imagina­tions, because they understand them not, nor will they take the pains to dive into the Mistery, and search whether the diffi­culties they meet with, proceed from the obscure Rules by some men set down, or from the thing it self; therefore it may be judiciously said, That all such Constructi­ons are naught, and like unto so many by­wayes, leading a man about, when at the very instant he may pitch on the thing it self, Which is to make a place that may be well flanked from all sides, and within Mus­ket shot, it being the main thing in all For­tresses.

There is likewise another troublesome Construction depending on the Diametor of the Figure, whereon some Artists will give no other reason than that there must be a Line of Defence; Ergo, a Line of De­fence ought first to have been traced, since all depends of it. Others suppose that the first to be begun is the faces of their Basti­ons, and to compute the proportions there­of with the remainder of the Line of De­fence, [Page 30] when as this would prove the worst of all, since it would follow that all the rest of the measures in the Fortress must be conformable to the faces of the Bastions, when as the line is the least considerable, and the last in all order of constructions, as being the weakest part, for that it al­wayes suffers, because its continually flank­ed, and the face of a Bastion is that which is alwayes attach'd.

Thus much I thought fit to note on For­tisication, as being one of the prime Sub­jects whereon a Germane Cavallier will discourse: I have not over-pestered the same with its common rudiments, which properly do belong to a large Treaty.

I shall only note, That the strongest and most seeming impregnable Fortification cannot resist want of Victuals, or any other thing (as the French say) Qui auroit pence à cela: an Ass loaden with Gold will enter any Fortress; as the Poets fain their Jupiter to have made his way to the strait­est passage Danae had by a golden shoar; against which, the Dodecagone (with twelve Bastions with Cavalliers (were they as high as the Puenean Hills) must yield, [Page 31] as the Endecagone with Horn-works, the Decagone, Enneagone, Octogone, Eptagone, Exagone, Pentagone, as the Tetragone: For as Henry the Fourth of France said, C'est le dernier Escu qui gaine la bataille; So Maurice, Prince of Orange, was used to say, C'est le dernier pani qui gaigne la place.

The first in English, Its the last Crown that gets the battel: The second, Its the last Bread which gets the place.

As for point of Honour, it can be maintained that there is no employment in the Warlike profession, wherein more cre­dit can be had, than in a besieged place; since in Combats Fortune hath the greatest share; Parties are oft equal; the courses are not regular; as likewise the besieger hath a devided Command; divers on-sets are made by sundry Commanders; as it is presupposed that the besieger comes with Forces sufficient to take the place; and finaly, that all besieged places must be taken; and that he who takes it not, must suffer in his credit; that the one is directly contra­ry to what was expected, and supposed to be a default.

[Page 32] The other is as a thing which was cer­tain to be.

But he who defends a place, is alone, and all what he doth is attributed directly unto him, be it well or ill done; the de­fence depends of him and his carriage, and very little of Fortune.

If he defends himself so well, as that he constrains an enemy to raise the Siege, is it not a wonder, and against the opinion of all men, even to hold out longer than was imagined he could do?

And all this is attributed to the Person that Commanded in the place: Finally, it may wel be thought, that he who causeth a Siege to be raised, gets more honour than he who gains a Battel; for that by his long holding out, he destroyes an Army, saves his Men, the Place, and State.

The Marshal Turenne said of the Prince de Conde, to have found him in all the parts of the Army; so may it be said of a place well defended, That the Governour must be met in all nooks, corners, and flanks there­of.

Now (my Princely Traveller) give me leave to note somewhat, which my Age, [Page 33] my Travels, and the Christian profession more particularly requires: That if the defence of a place needs such great cares, those who may resolve to expose their per­sons to the wild world, what care will there not be requisite for the defence of that which will as long as it is the commander of a dungeon (or fortin, called the body of man) be assaulted by legions who are never tired, who needs not to borrow nor buy Victuals, nor Ammunltions, who have millions of Petards which they can fix to the Gates of such a Fort, without running any hazard of Mines, nor Casa-mats, but who can also deceive the Sentinels eyes with illusions, who can steer their darts point-blank to the eyes, or the heart of a man?

What honour will it not be to a Travel­ler, to cause such Enemies to raise the siege and to retire, as it was the Prayer of King David, the man according unto the heart of the Lord of Hosts?

If now the German Nobleman shall have heard a Princely Traveller speak to the pur­pose on the Military Art, and be desirous to discourse on the Orders of Chevaldry, since [Page 34] the beginning of them, he may make use of the following Recital and Annotations of all the most known Orders of Knight-hood which have been from the beginning, and of such as are in esse at this present time.

THe House of Momorancy in France, in­stituted the Order of the Greyhound, which is still the Crest of their Arms; the collor of the Order are enterlaced Stags­heads: the said House did likewise instituto the Order of the Cock, as a Simbol of He­roick disposition.

Charles Martell (the valiant) instituted the Order of the Gennet, after the Name of his wife Johanna: but the institution was in remembrance of a defeat which he had given to his En [...]mies in Spain, in a place where great numbers of Weesels were slain.

The third Order was of the Star, or of the blessed Virgin; in remembrance of the Star which did conduct the three wise­men: [Page 35] This Order was instituted by John de Valois, a French King, in Anno 1351. the motto, Monstrant Regibus Astra viam.

The fourth Order was of the Pork-espi, instituted by the Duke of Orleance; the motto was, Comminus & eminus: But the Duke being deceased, Lewis the twelfth, his Heir, put in stead of those words, Ultus avos Troia; the simbol, that as the Hedge-Hog defends it self against Dogs, so he would against all assaults, misfortunes, and the envy of his Enemies.

SINCE the time the Empire of the French hath been Establisht, that Crown hath been in three Lines: the First that of the Meroviens, of King Merove, who suc­ceeded collaterally King Clodion, Son to Pharamond: The second was that of the Charliens, so called from Charles Martell: the Third of Hugh Capet.

Chiflesius pretends that both the Houses of France and Spaine, are come from one source, Viz. from Ersewaldus Maire of the Palais, and of King d'Agobert, the first Prince of the said House, that out of those two Houses, are Issued the Counts of Al­corf, the Capets, and the Counts of Habs­bourgh, and from this last the Emperours of Austria. Bucelinus 2 volum.

As for Pharamond, some pretend him the Author of the Salicke Law, because he de­ceased [Page 77] in the yeare 426, which was 350 years before the time that the French did find themselves in possession on the other side of the River Sala, which was in Anno 805; but as there are no proofs against the opinion concerning the names of the Kings since the time of Francion (second Son to Hector) untill Pharamond, it may not be thought unfit to be of the Opinion of the most curious observators of the Royall de­scents of the French, that since the establish­ment of that Empire, it hath been in those three Lines as aforesaid; so the Line of Hugh Capet, hath Reigned above six hun­dred and 20 years. The well affected to the Illustrious descent of the French say, that the Francks having conquered the Gaules, called the Country France, and made a Monarchie of it, though it was sometimes divided among Sons of Kings, the Eldest whereof, was as the Master and Soveraigne to the others: their Armes have been so different as that untill they were quartered with Fleur de Lis, they have been very uncertain.

The first of the Francks are said to come from Francion as before said, second Son [Page 78] to Hector, though the Francks of Greece make no mention of it.

The Francks built a Towne called Si­cambe, the name of an Aunt to Francion.

After the destruction of Troy, a fabulous Heroe (followed by a great People) called part thereof France, and the other Sicam­bre, his Armes were a Lion gul. in a chacie field Or.

The Francks having been worsted by the Slytes, retired to the Rhyne, stopping for a while at the mouth of the Danow, where under the Emperour Valentinian (440 years after our Saviour Christ) Marcomir (their King) builded severall Townes; he had a Vision, the shape was the under part of a Man, the upper thereof, that of a Crowned Eagle: the right shoulder an Ea­gle, the left a Toade, it told him all his fate, and taught him his course, which succee­ded accordingly, and therefore was moved to Coate his Armes with the apparition.

Anseno (son to Marcomir) did Coate the Dragon-Lyon of Troy, and three Crownes in his Banner. Helenus the 4th, did Coat a Pallas Argent, and a Dragon in his Stan­dard, on his Crest a Serpent with an Issant [Page 79] gul: this Helenns was son to Diocles.

Those who note the Counts of Habsbourg to descend their Armes from the French Coate, to witt, those of Priam a Lyon Or. Field sable. Diocles (Nephew to Priam) Lion argent Field sinoble. Helenus, Lion azur, field or. Clodomir (Nephew to He­lenus) Lion gul, Field argent. Nicanor (son to Clodomir) Field sinoble, Lion or. Mar­comir Lion or, Field uncertain. Clodius (kill'd by the Romans) Lion sable, Field or. Clodomir (Nephew to Clodius, son of An­tenor) Lion sinoble, Field argent. Maro­dac Lion argent, Field sable. Cassander Lion or, Field gul. Francius the 2d Ne­phew to Cassander, Lion argent, Field a­zur. Clodius the 2d Lion argent, Field gul. Richimus Lion argent, Field sinoble. He­rimerus Lion sinoble, Field or. Marcomir Lion or, Field uncertain. Anthenor the 4th Lion sable, Field argent. Odemar Li­on azur, Field argent. Of all these Coates, Historians are to seek in their relations, they say that Baranus (the 5th King of the Sicambres, was the first that put three Toads Or in his Armes, and of sable, in a Field argent: he did governe in France 284 [Page 80] years before the birth of our Saviour Jesus Christ; these Toads were attributed to the morish continent wherein the Francks did live, and that Marcomir (King of the Wal­loons) did Coate them quartered with a Lyon rampant gul, Field Or, the Toads sa­ble.

The 16th King (after the Transmigrati­on) was Anthiacus, who having protected the Gaules against Julius Caesar, and stood out against him, did Coate a Trophee with this motto, In spite of Caesar, and in his Banner a Croissant Argent Field gul.

His successor was Francus the 2^d, who (as the Germans say) gave that name of Franc, and for a signe of Liberty, did coate an unbridled Horse argent, Field gul; and in his Banner foure Croissants argent, to sig­nify the encrease of the Empire of the French.

Marcomir the 4th married with Atyldae of Bretaini daughter to Marius.

Farabert chased away the Romans from Germany, and did coate a Lyon gul, hol­ding a black Eagle in his paws, which like­wise denotes (as beforesaid) the originall of Coats of Armes on the spoyles of the victo­rious.

[Page 81] Sunno succeeded him whose Victories have been written by the Philosopher Hilde­gate.

Then Hildebert, who lost the conquest of Gaule, and to his successors the Em­pire.

Then Baterius, who did ransack part of Italy, and his Sonne past through Gaule, destroyed Tarascone in Spaine.

Clodius was very often defeated by the Romans.

Gualterus dyed Anno 305.

Dagobert was the last who called himselfe King of the Francks, and since his decease there were but Dukes untill Pharamond, who was one of the Dukes.

Clodion (which Reigned so short a time as that he was scarce in the lift of Kings) was slaine by the Romans.

Clodomir gave to his brother halfe of the Empire of the Francks, and kept the other; this younger brother of the three was Ge­nebaldus, who was Duke of Franconie.

Dagobert his sonne (who could not suc­cour his Uncle) defeated by the Romans, to be revenged past the Rhyne, coted a ship which Paris hath yet on its Seale.

[Page 82] Marcomir (said the Great Duke of the Francks) did conquer many Territories in Gaule, did Coate a Lyon gule, holding an Eagle and a Toade in his paws, which de­notes, that the Toade was the French Armes and not of the Francks.

Pharamond (as in the first digression) did Coate the three Toades.

Clodian his son, did not Coat them but three Crownes.

Merovee seased on the Crowne, made peace with Cetius chiefe of the Romans, defeated Antila King of the Hunns, and called the Neighbourhood of Paris France: which gave the name of all that Empire: and (as in the first digression) his successors took the name of Meroviens, the line where­of hath continued untill Pepin.

Clovis (son to Chilperic) being Christe­ned, was that Clovis who did Coate the Flower de Lis, which were at first in great number, but were reduced to three, by Charles the 6th, the 54th French King, and so did all the Princes of the Blood: It was by perswasion of his Heraold at Armes, who said, Qui plus a moins porte, and these Armes have been continued by the French [Page 83] Kings untill this present time in the Line of Boucley. The Kingdome of France, (as the French will have it) falls not to the distaf [Lilia non nent] though Julius Caesar said of them, that though in their first heat, they seem to be more then Men, but afterwards to be lesse then woman. They are the most courteous of all Nations, but more unconstant then any, therefore one to whom a notable person of them was high­ly extold for setlednesse, being said to have well an Ounce of Lead in his head, reply­ed, the Man ought to be much valued, for that all France had not one pound.

The French do generally love their King: they are accustomed to a liberty, which takes not with all Nations, they are much addicted to change, which seems to be their life and element: but as they are prompt to commit faults, they are as quick to repaire them: they love and esteem strangers, hear their profers with attention; they are libe­rall in bestowing great charges of trust on them, though different of Religion, for example, the Duke de la Force, Marshall de Chastillon, Torras, Turien, Gassion, Ransoro, Balthazar, and many others I shall not [Page 84] overburden this with the list of the great and mighty Cities, whereof there are 53 as Metropolitans; their nine Parliament Citties in respective shires; where they are Courts of Justice. Neither shall I spend time with such minutes, as mentioned in o­ther copious recitalls, to wit, the difference between the proceeding of Spanish and French in their dressing of themselves, which signify nothing to a Traveller, though I shall note for the observation of all Travellers, certain precise Civilities which the well bred French will observe, and doe look for from all Travellers.

First they confine salutations to Ladies within the bounds of arrivall and depar­ture, the Familiarity of Kisses being thought an uncivill boldnesse at any other time, and were become troublesome, especially from snottinose, young striplings who had lear­ned no other quality. It is not permitted to any Gentleman who visits a Lady, to lay downe Cloake or Hat, except in such pla­ces that can endure Doublet and Breeches to keep the Cloake and Hat company. A Gentleman who hath the honour to Usher a Princesse, must not yeeld her hand to a­ny [Page 85] man, except to a Prince, or a Marshall of France.

Never refuse but take as a particular Ho­nour, the accepting to present to a Prince or Princesse the cup or glasse, which by that Prince or Princesse domestick servant may be brought.

Its not the custome when a Prince doth Sneese, to say as to other persons (and the old civility was) Dieu vous ayde, God help you, but only to make a Low reverence.

Though a French Prince should to a stander by at his Table, present something which may be eaten, yet must he not tast thereof, except the Prince commands it, and it is the like with any Fruit presented between Meales.

If a Gentleman be admitted to a Prince his Table, he is not to drinke before the Prince had his Glasse. No Broth is to be taken out of a Dish, but first laid on the trencher.

No yolk of Eggs sipped out of the shell, but taken out with a spoone. Nor any blowing of hot Broth in a spoon, which little nicities, must be observed by any man [Page 86] that will passe for a Gentleman among the Nobility of France: and are here recited only in reference, and for the observation of those who have the honour to accom­pany a Prince in his Travell. A Princely Traveller curious to know all the ancient and Moderne affairs of France, will do well to visit the Library of Mons du Puy, who hath a collection of above a hundred Vo­lumes of Manuscripts; as also visit the Li­brary of the Count de Brienne, for he hath 120 Volumes of Manuscripts, containing the Treaties and Alliances made with For­raigne Princes, and all the rare pieces of State since Lewis the XI. and among them to take particular notice of the Memorialls of Mr de Villeroy and President Genin, who were Great men in King Henry the 4th his time. As for publick visits, a Princely Tra­veller (who knoweth what the publick Ac­cademies for exercises, and for the know­ledge of the Mathematicks are) shall not need to spend time with Academies, but call upon Masters of Ceremonies, to accom­pany him for the first time, and afterwards (untill departure) use the liberty of France in visits, not in Italy, nor Spaine, where the [Page 87] day and hower for visits must be deman­ded.

Hee shall not use any complement in the retreat from a conversation, for it is the manner to depart without any ceremony; except the company be all gone.

As for the visiting of Embassadors, it is most fit to consult their leasure, as well in France as in other parts, for it is with them as it was with him who had written on his dore, Whosoever hath knockt twice and is not opened may be gone, for I am not, cannot, or will not be at home.

Embassadors are as publick Sentinells, they have their set time of guard, and no conversation then to be had with them.

It is fit for a Princely Traveller to visit them, to entertaine amity with those Sove­raignes, whom they represent, and to know the continuall case of their affaires and in­triques: and to that purpose, to visit al­so those Ladies where the publick Ministers do frequent, where a Traveller will heare (as from Parrets when their cage is in the Sun) all what occurres.

France is represented by a Woman all deckt with Eyes and Tongues, and if none [Page 88] could speake loud enough, she hath a Trumpet.

NOW for Italy: and if by Savoy, men who affect Relicks, may take notice of a Saints Sudari at Turin.

And as for the Prime of men, let them take notice on the successors of the great Emanuel of Savoy, and never be wrought upon, by what the Cardinall d'Ossat in his passion wrote against that Great Duke of Savoy, by Birth King of Cypres, of the old Saxon, Imperiall, Spanish and French Roy­all blood; most magnanimous in all his proceedings; more rich in Jewells then any other Prince in Europe; attended by a great number of Nobles, and in as much Pompe as any Christian Soveraigne Prince can be, a Nobility extreme Generous and Gentile, the Ladies so Beautifull, as that they are called (all Italy over) the Faire Piedmontese.

[Page 89] The liberty of the Court of Savoy is mo­derated between France and Italy.

The first considerable object a Traveller shall meet with in Savoy, is the fortresse of Mount-Milan, which withstood a yeare and above, all the French Kings Army, when King Lewis the 15th had set upon it all the courage of the Nation, and all what could be attempted by Jupiter-like flames, and Vulcan like forgery, to blow up the For­tresse, to which, the French King had invi­ted all the adjacent Nobility to be specta­tors, but the successe proved a forced re­treat of the French Army.

Chambray (the first Metropolitan of Sa­voy, seated as a center to the Hills, as if those whereon the Tempter set the King of Kings) may be the first nights lodging to a Traveller, who will see there that most magnificent Stable, built by the late Prince Thomas of Savoy; all of white Marble with­in; the Post, the Manger, and the Racks of massy Copper, to entertaine one hundred great saddle Horses.

Susa is the next great Fortresse. The next place of note is Rivoly (14 Italian miles from Turin.) Rivoly is a place with [Page 90] variety of rich furniture, the gardins Eden like, as in that at Turin, 85 Brazen metall Vases, 8 foot high, all imbossed by the fa­mous John de Bologne, cast so as the like of them is not to be seen in Europe, except in a Dorade within the Kingdome of the A­merican Guiana, where such (and other or­naments) are of massie Gold.

The rare Palaces and Seats without Tu­rin, are first, that of the Capuchins built by the Duke, as the Rotonde at Rome, all of Marble, and to serve also in time of Warre for a Fortresse of defence.

The next is the Palace of the late Cardi­nall Maurice, Uncle to the present Duke of Savoy.

That of Valentin neer the River Po, a mile from Turin, and is as Noble as any can be seen in all Italy. Three mile farther is that called Mile Fiori, (a thousand flow­ers) and may it raise the Savoyards and Pie­montesis thoughts to that Bower whereof the Imperialls, and the choice Anemones are Sunne, Moone, and Starres, whereon Con­stantine made his Victorious conclusion, as is seen neerer to the Equinoctiall then Eng­land is to the cape of good hope. May none [Page 91] of the Nation misse that marke.

Padua may prove the first place which a Traveller will call upon in his repaire to Venice, where if among the disereet he be pleased to speake in sober termes of St An­thonio (as at Milan of St Carlo di Boromeo) he will never be dislikt of; for an Italian will converse with a discreet stranger with­out questioning his particular profession, it being granted among them, that all Tra­montany (all men beyond the Hills) may be Hereticks; yet giving no offence in their Churches (where no man is compelled to go) lesse to their beds, a man (never so much Tramontany) may live Methusalems days among them, without any troubles at all, except how to drink drunk, for its not in practise among them; revengefull they are against their own Countrymen: they hold it to be an honour, and an imitation of the Poets thundering Jupiter, who hath reserved the sweetest to himselfe, to wit, Vengeance. They make (as before said) a great distinction between Strangers and their Natives, who they would on all occa­sions, have to proceed as by Mathematick rules, and even on the least, as in going to a [Page 92] House of a stranger or Neighbour, or par­ticular friend, the Italian will not enter, though the dore be open, except one can tell him whether the Master may possibly be within.

Their leisure must be consulted as if they were all Embassadors, or prime Ministers of state; few words must serve turne with them, and some discourses answered with a shrug or nodding of the head; Oathes mixt with other words are not credited, they affect few examples to support truth.

The next delightfull Progresse will be for Venice, that microcosme of all the Ci­ties which do represent the reliques of a de­loge, the River Brenta will appear as the best in Eden might have been, if the first Landlord had not been drove out of it, there being such ravishing Palaces, and Gar­dens planted on both sides: as for Venice it selfe, (that Metropolitan Ark made of stone) there is in it (as the Italian saith) molto bene & molto male, a Prince may live therein, with a couple of Gundoliers, and a couple of Men, one for his Kitching, the other for his bedchamber, so he shun the Horentin horrid Vice, to save Pasquin the [Page 93] providing of a shield on his back part.

And if a man speaks but with civill re­spect of the Old Madona of Loretta, he needs not to trouble himselfe with his pro­fession of Faith, they are free Blades, who when King Francis the first of France had threatned Italy, and them in particular, were not affrighted nor moved from their Arsenao, nor Concilio di dieci, by Francis the first his merry reply to his Jester, who after he had askt of the French King, whe­ther the men of his Great Councell had thought on a way of retreat, as well as to enter the State of Venice, replyed, The Se­nate had wise heads, but he would put so ma­ny young French fools upon them, as might be able to disturbe their set day of Councell: But thousands of the young fools, their bones (as yet to be seen about Pavia) could not returne into France.

To Florence by Millain or by Bologne, a Princely. Traveller may steer, and he shall find all Ambergris or Jasemin like: in the State of Milan, and in Tuscany, Modana and Parma.

But as for Romania and Rome it selfe, though this speaks Roma fuit (and where­on [Page 94] the French Poet St Amant hath vented this point of spirit)

What remains of old Rome (besides the Tiber) are broken marble Columns, the Pantheon, some Triumphall Arches, and Amphitheaters, and that which at Rome, as among all other Nations, will stick more close then pitch to cloth, is wilfull prating Pasquin, and Morforius: Rome is called la Sancta, Milano la grande, Bologna la Superba, Padua la docta, Venetia la rica, Fiorentia la bella, Napoli la gentilla; yet doth it not prove a receptacle of as much Impie­ty and dissolutenes as Paris in France, may not London make up the number of three; on which if Pasquino be let alone, he will prate loud at his returne from Hell, for the Italians have printed again his work stiled Pasquino in estasi nuovo é molto viaggio de l' inferno.

[Page 95] All Travellers will do well to observe in Rome, Fide sed cui vide: yet be Amicus uni­us, inimicus nullius.

It will prove a good maxime in them with that Nation, (which hath nothing more rife on its tongue, then No ti fidare, not to trust) as to fix their speculations on that which (without any offence or perill of tell-tales) may please their sight, to wit, the rare carved Statues and Pictures, placed in and about the well built Palaces, and Churches: First as for Pictures (to view them in order) those of Perin del Vago in Castel St Angelo, then proceed towards the plaine (on the which the famous St Peters Church is built) observe there the great Piramide on the left side of that plain, and in the Church, the Pictures of the Ca­valier Balioni, Pormarancio, Passignani, Del Castello. The Pieté (in Marble) of Michael Angelo, the day of Judgement by the same Angelo, painted in the Popes Chappel, the Altar and Sepulcher of St Sicilia, all of Jaspis, and other rare stone; in the Popes Chambers the matchles pictures of Rapha­el d' Urbin, thence make towards A Bel Vidor, there see the Lauconte, the Apollo, [Page 96] Cleopatra, Lantino, and a Marble called el Toiso. Then making his circuit to go out of the great St Spirito repaire to St Pietro Monto [...], there see the Picture on the great Altar painted by Raphael d'Urbin, and the Figure of Christ in the pillar drawn by Frar Bastiano, a picture of Georgio Vassari, in the Sacresti one of Michael Angelo.

Then go to the Capitol, there see Marc Aurelius on Horse-back.

In the great room of the Capitol, the Battail painted in Fresco by Josepin.

Then to Monte Cavalo there see the two Alexanders with the Bucephalus, one made by Phidias, the other by Parxitiles.

Then to Porta-pia, there see the Tombe of Bacchus of Porphyr stone of an extreme bignes and entire peece.

Then repaire to the Toure of Dioclesian. To the vigna of Cardinal del Monte, see there a great number of Statues, Pictures and Limnings of Don Julio Clovio.

Then go to see il Col [...]sso and the Trium­phal Arch of Constantin.

The Theater of Marcel, at the Cardi­nal-Saveli The Palace of Farnese; see there the rare Statues called the Hercules, the [Page 97] Gladiator, the Flora, the ancient Torro, with divers figures in one piece: in the Gallery (above staires) the rare painting in white and black of Hannibal Carasa, and diverse rarities in the Cabinet, a most rare book limned by Don Giulio Clovio. Thence go to Piazza Colonia, see the Colomn of An­thonio Pio: thence in the palace called Pietro see there the Colomne of Trajan the Em­perour, all graven with figures about it, then see the famous Pantheca of Marc A­grippa; the great Market place called Navo­na, see there the Church called Minerva, and therein the figure of Christ carved by Michael Angelo, then go to the place Fia­metta, there see a Pallace with rare pictures of Polydor; thence to the Palace of Cardi­nall Bourgesi, to see a great number of Sta­tues and pictures, as also very rare draughts, then to Cardinal Oldebrandini, where there are likewise an infinite number of Statues and pictures, then crosse over the way to the Palace of Guisi, there see the rare pi­ctures of Raphael, then to Monte Giordano, to the Ursins, and see there the works o Bronsino, and many other rarities, then go to Cardinal Cresentio, where are many rare [Page 98] works of Holbein and Michael Angelo, then the Garden of pleasure of the Cardinal Borgesi, all beset with rare antick statues, and within garnisht with many rare pi­ctures. You shall see in the prime Churches first in that of Scala, a very rare picture of Gerardo: of Pomerantio, in the Church la Consolation, pictures of Durante, del Bor­gio, and Tadeo Sucari; in that of St Lauren­zo in Domo the picture of St Laurence, of Frederico Sucaro, of Grosepi, in the Church of St Silvester (on Monte Cavalo) one of Palma, in the Church called la Madona del Populo two pictures of Michael Angelo Car­ravagio, of Hannibal and Frobastian del Piombo, in the Church la Trinita di monti, two rare pictures of Daniel di Voltera, some pictures in Fresco on the Walls of Perin del Vago, and Tadeo, in the Chesa nova of Be­rossi, of Giosepino, of Scipion Gaetano, the Figure of Christ of Michael Angelo, of St Marco of Frederigo, and of Raphael da Re­gio, in St Gregorio martyro di Sancti of Gui­rlo Ren, at St Giovane di fiorentino, of Pa­signani. In the Roman Colledge, an An­nunciation in fresco of Frederigo Sucari, in the Church called de Lanema of Julio Ro­mano, [Page 99] and Carlo Venetian, at the Church la Place, the Sybills of Raphael, of Baldesar di Siena an Anunciation, of Marcelo, Giose­pino, Mutiano, Albano, the Cieling of Fra­brastiano, at Sancta Elizabetha of Guido, at the Madona de la consolation of Pomerantio, at St Augustin a Virgin Mary with two Pil­grims, of Michel Angelo di Caravagio, a St Augustin of Raphael &c. And let not my Princely Traveller think it strange, that the Italians will extoll these Statues and Pi­ctures, and so affect them as if nothing more glorious and more worth of admira­tion; the first reason is, that as the Roman Church makes it a Church policy; the se­cond, that those Statues and Pictures be­fore mentioned, have been made by the ra­rest hands of men, as ever lived since the memory of Bezaleel of the Tribe of Juda, and Alolia of the Tribe of Dan, as also Hi­ram of the Tribe of N [...]phtali to work in Sculpture in Solomons Temple, by what spi­rit these Romans wrought since the Gospel was preached, I do leave to those whose vocation it is to treat of hidden Mysteries, only I shall make bold to say, that if my Princely Traveller observes the day of [Page 100] Judgement painted against the Cieling of the Cathedral at Munster, he will see the Divell represented in a red velvet Chaire with a Crown on his head, and a Scepter in his hand, whom the Painter (sitting one day on his sc [...]ffold alone busy painting the Divell) was (as the story runs) constrained to paint in that manner, being otherwise threatned to have his neck broak: and that thereon it may be thought, the pain­ter was not inspired with the spirit of God, except the said representation was to serve for an Embleme, that the black spirit hath an Empire over Legions of men.

But with what spirit the Painters of our age, do represent at the belly of a Lyon Rampant (which as the Unicorne is one of the supporters of the Kings Armes) a red thing exposed to the full view of many Vir­gins, and chast mothers of Children, who cannot well behold such an aspect without a blush, I leave to loose Christians to ex­pound, I wish others would commānd (I mean the Church wardens) the painter to spare his red colour, and forbeare the fore­stalling that offensive needles distinction of male and female in such a place, wherein [Page 101] those who by the Anglican Church are called Idolatrous, do not put any thing but what may move the people to a devotion.

The Italians indeed excell in the adorn­ing of their Churches, and say that the Nation is so much given to their saying No ti sidare, as that they are in Church policy, bound to have those old represen­tations exposed to the publike view, for that the Italians are promot to reply to the best Orators Non ti sidare, they say words are but copies, and shadows of those Originall objects. Printing was but in pra­ctise since later Ages, old Manuscripts to be but for the I earned in the Hebrew, Greek, Syriack and Caldean tongues; Ima­ges and pictures to be the Books of the most Ignorant, and the quality of Quakers not known among them. The more licen­tious Writers, mentioned in the Epistle to the Reader, will tell you, that Srrangers must not expect from the Roman Prelats, the Hospitality of Old England; Cardinals to have Porta d' intrata e non d' [...]scita; the Neopolitan to be Largo di b ca e streeto de mano: But I must not omit to note, that as for Ceremonies and Civilities, there are [Page 102] none so formall and neat, as those of the Romans; who would teach any other Na­tion their good behaviour, and especially English men on the High way when the King happens to pas, for it would be taken as a monstrous disrespect, for men to re­main in their Coach, or on Horseback, at the Kings coming neer; but answerable to duty, to go forth the Coach, light from the Horse, and bow to him who is the head of a Nation.

As for Cavalier-like Civilities, the Gal­lantry of the Napolitans, deserves the visit­ing them; as also the Antiquities of Puteoli, where the Apostle St Paul was, where the Inhabitants profer his Medall to Travellers.

There is to be observed in the first place, Mont Cenere, a Hill of Ashes, which did rise in the space of 48 howers: Secondly la Sol­fatera, (as the Cave out of which Mount Cenere did rise) whereof the perpetuall noyse (proceeding from the Sulphureous exhalations) is heard many miles from that place, as the discharge of Chambres on the Kings Coronation day, in that Solfatara a world of Sulphur is made. Then see la Crota del Canic, the Grotto of dogs, wherein [Page 103] is such an infectious exhalation, as kills a Dog outright if thrust therein, but if im­mediatly (after he seems to be sta [...]k dead blew and black) thrown into the Lake (which is neer) comes to himselfe againe; thence see la Pessina admirabile, which is a most vast building under ground, as big as half Pauls Church, and was to keep water for the military Cohortes, thence see le Cente Camere, la Sepulture de lei Nobili Romani, the receptacle of the Noble Ro­mans ashes; being a room, the walls whereof within, set with ancient Urnes, wherein the Ashes were put; thence go io la Grota Leone, and to the Elyzian fields, the Baths of Cicero, his Villa, the ruins of the stone Bridge built by Caligula, who riding over the same to crosse the bay, vaunted to have Triumpht over Neptune, and brav'd that God, whereon may be said that Reli­gion makes not a man more honest. Then see Grotto of the Sibilla Cumana, wherin as yet her resting place, is seen with a gil­ded arched vault in Mosaick work.

Then returne to Naples, see Gaieta, and on its Gate the Tombe of Bourbon, who did scale Rome; read the inscription, and [Page 104] you shall find, Francia mi da la Vita, Spa­nia la Forca é la Ventura, Roma la Morte, Gaieta la Sepultura. France gave me life, Spaine force and adventure, Rome my death, Gaieta a Sepulcher.

And being satisfied of those parts return­ing by Loretta, see a Chappell more consi­derable to the Romans, then the Stable wherein the Saviour of the World was Borne, since this was never said to have been built but by some Mason or Carpen­ter, that by the hands of Angels, who are said to have brought it where it stands, garnisht within, not with Hay and Cob­webbs (as many Stables in ordinary Innes are) but with unestimable treasures, Pas­quin excuseth this to Morphorius, that it is a custome for Women to part from their Children in a mock, but when they appear with the Baby (as in Holland in the prank­ing room) then all is glistering trickt up and fine.

And let my Princely Traveller but re­member, passing the Gulfe of Leon, and at his arrivall into Spaine, to speak in termes of respect of la Madona de Loretta, he will be said to be a muy buon Catholico Romano, [Page 105] and not be questioned by the Dons.

LEt not a Princely Traveller suffer him­selfe to be surprised with a prepossest opinion against the Dons, nor that conti­nent though with craggy Hills on the one part, yet so fruitfull on the other, as that nothing can be better, the which moved a Traveller (who had not converst with the best of the Dons) to say, that all was good there except what could speake.

But as for the mighty Pireneans, they are of more consequence then the wall of China was, for Tartars cannot break through them. It pleased providence for the good of Spaine and France, to place the Pirenean Hills between those two great continents, and to strengthen that: body of Spaine by Rivers of living waters., which for comparison, may be applyed to the blood which runs all along the King of Spaines vaines, that of Austria, besides the Banks of Silver and Gold from Potosi in [Page 106] the American continent, whereby Spaine is enabled to vvage Warr in divers parts.

A Princely Traveller will certainly meet with a Nobility, who puts its own stamp on their forehead, who need not (as Scho­lars) go to read the saying on the Temple of Apollo in Delphos, they teach it to their striplings, of whom rhey make men from their Adolescency, by infusing Valour into them, and warning them never to fight, so as that when past in the bed of Mars, there may no wound be seen in their back. Their common motto is Mas moros mas ganancia, the more Moores the more is the gain, mea­ning Enemies. On towards Madrid with this assurance, that whosoever trusts in an old Castilsan, shall ever find him a friend.

If to my Princely Traveller, the Escuriall be on his roade, he will see therein a most glorious Pantheon, the receptacle of sacred Ashes of Kings and Queenes of Spaine, it is built under the great Altar, the dores thereof are of copper mixt with ornaments in moldings of massy Gold, the staires of polisht Jas [...]is, the inside walls of White and Green polisht Marble, the Sepulchers of white Marble, placed as the Urnes of the [Page 107] Noble Romans in the side walls, there are three on the left hand, the First that of the Emperour Charles the 5th, the 2d of King Philip the 2d, the 3d that of King Philip the 3d, that for Philip the 4th is ready pre­pared; on the right side are the Tombes of 4 Queenes, whereof Elizabeth of Bourbon is one; On the Altar is a great Cross the height of a man, enricht with massy gold, in the midst of this Pantheon, hangs a great branched Candlestick of Gold and Copper to hold 24 Wax lights, on the gate two great figures in the shape of Angells of cop­per and Gold, holding two Scroules, wherein is carved the words Natura me Oc­cidit, Spes me Elevat. There is a vaulted place in the coming forth of this Panthe­on, wherein are the Tombes of the Prin­ces and Princesses of Spaine, covered with red Velvet, richly embroydered with gold and Silver.

There are 36 Altars in the Church, to which appertains all the Ornaments of change for every day in the yeare.

There are many pictures of an inestima­ble value, a true originall of King David. There are 36 crosses of Gold, set with pre­cious [Page 108] stones, and an infinite number of Sil­ver Lamps and Candlesticks, there are in the main body of the Escuriall twelve thou­sand Windows and Dores, the least of the Dores having cost one hundred pound sterling.

There are 17 Cloisters, and 17 Courts, and 85 Fountains, there are 300 Religious men of the Order of St Jerome, all Gentle­men, the Annuall Revenue is foure hun­dred thousand Crownes: There is in the Escuriall, one of the Earthen vessels, where­in (as the Spaniards say) was the miracu­lous Wine of the Wedding in Cana. As for Madrid it hath ever since the Court of the former Kings was kept at Valledolit bin the place of the King of Spaine his constant a­boade.

The great Feast and Sport of the Torros is that which the Spaniard affects so much as he cannot leave it for the Popes Excom­munication against such as may come to a fatall end in that sport.

The Pompe of the Roman Catholick Church, sheweth it selfe very much in that of la Madona de la Totche, wherein the Do­minicans have an Altar of Massie Silver, of [Page 109] an extraordinary bignes, with a Madona of Silver fix foot high, with a Sun of Massie Gold about the head, set with precious stones, the Railes about the Chappell of Massie Silver, there are one hundred Silver Lamps, the least whereof cost 400 Crowns, some cost 12 thousand Crowns.

That of Toledo is of the forme of St Pe­ter in Rome, the Bishop hath 400 thousand Crownes revenue per annum, the Treasure of that Church is of an unestimable value.

At the Pardo some miles distant from Madrid, there is in a massy Silver Tombe, a Figure representing Christ, for the which King Philip the 2d did pay one hundred thousand Crownes, it is of wood, but so rarely carved, as never Eyes beheld the like.

I have begun with Sepulchers, procee­ded with Churches, Monasteries, and de­scribed their riches, more facil to the King of Spaine to compasse, since he possesseth the Gold and silver Mynes, and hath in his Dominions, all the most pretious producti­ons of Nature.

As for Madrid, it is situated under a most pure Clime.

[Page 110] The greatest Palace would not yeeld so much Chimney mony, as a little House of ten pound per annum in England, since by the number of seaven Chimneys, the grea­test Palace of Madrid is wont to be descri­bed, they use Silver Brazeros in all their romes of State, and Bedchambers. That which is remarkable in the King of Spaines Court, is the attendance to his prime Mini­ster of State now the Duke Medina de las Torros, successor to Don Louis d' Arro, who succeeded the Conde Duca d' Oliva­res, prime Minister of State when Charles Prince of Great Britain was in that Court Anno 1625.

The Nobles affect no other clothes then Black Freize all Winter long, plain Taffaty in the Summer time.

The Ladies at Court, admit Audiences when demanded, it is in the presence of the King and Queene. The Ladies stand on a row, if the Cavalleros (who have deman­ded Audience of them) are Grandees, they cover themselves.

The late Duke of Buckingham (the Match les of all the Subjects in the World, and who attended the Prince of Great Pri­tain) [Page 111] had particular Audiences with the Conde Duca d' Olivares his Lady, on the score of his being Embassador Extraordi­nary, (the Plenipotentiary for the Treaty of the Match) and her being Camarera-Major, with whom it was necessary to con­fer during the Treaty of an intended Match by King James of Blessed memory, and the Prince with the Infanta Maria sister to King Philip the 4th. But very loose imper­tinent, and ill grounded discourses have been made in England, concerning the Duke of Buckinghams correspondency with the said Countes, as if she had been a strum­pet of Greece, and of those young sil­ly Court sooles, who are charmed by kind words, who see Babies in all mens Eyes, that look on them, and perswade themselves, that they must not resist those first glowings of Cypres coles, except they would smother those Babies in their tem­porary Lovers eyes, and loose their Maiden head in a dreame for nothing, when as they pretend by answering their palpable Narcis­sus to have something more then imagina­tion in the Bargain.

The Duke of Buckingham had other [Page 112] Fish to Frie, then to make Love to him­selfe with an old Woman; the good suc­cesse of a Treatie for an intended Match (by which Gondomar had promised the re­restitution of a Palatinate) was the golden fleece for which this Matchlesse Jason ex­posed himselfe (I do not say among Mon­sters of Africa) but among Juglers, Inter­lopers, and no lesse then such Embassadors, who with the Character of honest men, do but too often Lye abroad to make good State Policy; exposed himselfe into the at­tendance of that Matchlesse Prince, in whose preservation three Great Nations besides all his friends abroad were interessed. And when the Duke of Buckingham did find where the Remora was fixt, partly in the calot humour of the Sexe, which is the most tardy to admit reason, because the Sex is the most passionate, and that after long parleys with the slow resolving Spa­nish Councils of State, the Match was still in statu quo, it was then time as the French say, either Faire bonne mine en manvais jeu, put a good Face on an ill businesse: or to try the uttermost a Camarero Major could or would do (laying aside words Bull­begger [Page 113] like damned Hereticks, whereby the zelot Romans, do distinguish the true Chri­stian Catholicks & others, in the Match of Matchlesse most precious Infanta Maria, who certainly was a Princesse fit to be an Empresse of all the World, as Shee after­wards became the Empresse of Germany.

As for visits to the Spanish, it is not their custome to exchange words or comple­ments before parties are set in Chaires with Armes. They leave the visitor in possession of their House when the conversation is ended, and for that, go before attending him in his Coach, they are succinct and grave in their Complements, use to speak Proverbs, if to passe Complements on great Holy-dayes (as Christmas and Easter) they only say three words, Las buenas Pas­quas: they are very carefull to send com­plements to those of their friends and ac­quaintances who have been let blood, and ever accompany their complement with a present, which they call la Sangria.

They endeavour as much as they can, to send their present by a Servant of their Friend, to prevent presents which their own servants might receive, whereby their [Page 114] present should become chargeable unto the friend to whom it's sent. As for Titles (which prove troublesome punctillos a­mong many) King Philip the 2d perceiving that the Nobility of Burgondy, and of the Catholike Netherland Provinces would quarrell about them, did publish in Print, a Formulary whereby to a Duke, Prime Minister of State, Vice-Roy, and Generall of an Army, is given no more then Excel­lence. So to their Ladies, and no such a­buse among them as in other parts, where every thing (crept out of Broome-staffs and Cole-mongers Bushels) will be called Ma­dam, though but striplings, and no such as Earles Daughters. The French call good Rich Merchants Wives Madam, but they joyne to it their Surname; others they call Dame Anne, without the Ma.

To Men they give Sir Pierce, or Sir John: To the King Sir as a substantive. they call all men Monsieur with the Adje­ctive of their Sir name, the Kings Brother Monsieur without any addition: they give no Highnesse but to the Princes of the Blood: no Damoiselle but to the Kings el­dest Daughter, all others called Damoiselle [Page 115] is with the addition of their Sirname, and that is more then Madame Marie a Citi­zens Wife: the Madame without any addi­tion are Dame Damee, beginning from the Presidents Ladies, vous is spoken (in English you) to all men, and women, the Sove­raign and the Princes of the Blood excep­ted; and yet sometimes (as the Marshalling of words will require) a Vous is used to King and Queene, in Spaine never, the Vos being only for Inferiours, vostra Merced to equalls and betters, except to those whom (as before said) Excellency belongs unto.

The King of Spaine (Philip the 2d) ne­ver heard Vos to him, save from the proud cruell Tyrant Due d' Alua, who being on his Death-bed, visited by the King, said, I go where thou wilt come, the King going out of the roome said no more, then I thought I should not escape without a Vos.

As for the old Castillan Maxime of State, it is to stick to old pretences, and though an Age was elaps'd, if occasion did profer, they were wont to begin a new on the Old score.

I shall not overburthen these Notations with the severall names of Kingdoms, as [Page 116] Castill, Leon, Aragon, Valentia, &c. Nor with the Names of Cities, among which the maine ones are Valledolid, Salamanca, Sigotia, (where the Mint, and staple of Cloath is) Sivill the great and Rich Mer­chant Towne. There are matters of lesse note which some Travelers observe, as Steeples and Sun Dyalls, as that of Stratsbourgh in Germany, while those cu­rious Table-book men do omit the main end of Travell, the Interest of his Native Country, in his improvement, in the open­ing the Secrets of State, to Ballance them, dive into their Maximes, their Strength or Weaknesse, and having maintained the Inte­rest of his Patria, returne (well fraughted) with necessaries as m [...]y serve to Postetity.

It's what the Venetians do mind by their Embassages; yet is it not their Maxime, to keep an Embassador above three years in one place, for fear of Naturalization.

By Visits made to them, it will be easy to come to the knowledge of all passages, for they keep certain enterlopers, who find out any thing, though but too much Im­portune, and Impertinent, in their questi­oning what the Councill of the King, and [Page 117] what His Majesty doth. The Polans well accustomed to Pump those forraigne Inqui­sitors, by setting close mouthed (but all Eare and Memory) Masters of Ceremonies on them, such as are not given to scrape Trenchers at the Embassadors Table, men that can handsomely afford matter of dis­course, and as the Scripture saith; Sermo vester semper cum gratia sit, sale conditus, ut sciatis quomodo oporteat vos unicuique re­spondere, Col. 4. v. 6. The Polans were wont to keep off Embassadors, so many dayes, as might serve to discover (by the Master of the Ceremonies) the particular humour and drifts of the Embassador; as during the time of the King of Blessed me­mory, by the keeping of Sir Peter Rubens, and the Portugal Embassadors, there was gotten this advantage, that His Majesty was ascertained that the Infanta Isabella the Arch. Dutchesse of Brabant her Letter to the Queene was as it ought to be, and the Por­tugall Embassador, had time to get the King his Masters signature altered, for the Letter of Credence was signed Yo el Rey, as if written to a Subject, the Embassador did put to it de Portugal, which made all good.

[Page 118] Soveraigne Princes are best served by such Embassadors that can (in case of ne­cessity) hit the mark; that do not on all oc­casions draw the string of their Bowe to the uttermost, and overdoe their part, as some overpassionate Actors on a stage when they represent a King, Princes (whose heart the Soveraigne of Heaven and Earth doth steere besides their Magnanimous inclinati­ons) take seldome things as the French say a la pointe de l'espeé, as some Embassadors on the score of their being a Royall Repre­sentative, which in a Comedy of Viriona­ries by the French is notably Acted, by one who perswades himselfe to be an Alexan­der. The example of the Marquis de Senne­terr, during his being Extraordinary Em­bassador to King Charles the First of Bles­sed memory, may serve to prove the perni­cious consequence of violent proceedings, for that it did cause a rupture between the two Crownes of England and France, the Embassador who was lodged in Durrham House, caused his Bravos to accompany the English Roman Catholicks (who had been at the Masse) with swords drawn from the House to the street, to expostula [...]e with the [Page 119] Church wardens and Constables, who during the Parliament time, were ordered to keep the Multitude from giving Scandall, when as the Embassadors men offered vio­lence to the Officers and beat them, and all this on the pretence of the Embassadors standing on the too much stretch Le Roy mon Maistre, who then was at Paris, and not at Durham House. So is it a great Im­pertinency in Embassadors, to make their Domicilium a Sanctuary but to their dome­sticks, there being great difference between them and the subjects of a Soveraigne who is Master in his own Land, and whose Laws are to be observed. To conclude this Treaty concerning Travellers, it is certain that whether men Travell or Travell not, whether they satisfy their curiosity or not, whether they follow the Apostles prescrip­tion to try all or not; they must all dye, as well as the old man of Verona, who did never go out of the sight of the smoak of his Chimney, and so must the Baboons, the Apes, the Parrats, the Crocodiles, and an infinite number of Bruits, for the which many hundred of Leagues of good fruitfull Land in America was not made, nor those [Page 120] various gifts wherewith it is indued. The Gold and Silver Mines, the Womb for the production of Pearles fixt in that part of Gods Earth, all Aromatick drugs to grow, not for the Nostrils of Sea Divells (so call­ed by the Americans) but for the use of Rationalls, and that the best use made thereof, might tend to the Glory of the Creator, and the good of Man.