IT was never made a Question, (unless perhaps by such through whose ignorance True Phy­sick is disgraced; or that can­not distinguish the true Science of Physick from the Emperical curing of Diseases (that Ana­tomy is very useful and necessary, as well for all [Page 2] Physitians as Chyrurgians; and that real Phy­sick without it's Knowledge cannot stand, or be in force; which is wont to be called Dogmatical and Rational.

Seeing it is so, their Ingenuity and Study de­serves Praise, who endeavour to arrive to a greater degree of Perfection in the Knowledge of Anatomy, by making a narrow search into the Secrets of Nature, and communicating those things which they have found out to o­thers.

And amongst those who have given themselves up to this Work; neither frighted with it's dif­ficulties, have had laudible success therein: Gaspar Ase [...]ius the Anatomist, comes not far behind, who, when he had met with the Venae Lacteae, in the Year 1622. in a Dog which he undertook to open alive, he wholly gave him­self to the further Discovery thereof; so that no Week passed without one or other Dissecti­on; not only of Dogs, but other living Crea­tures also, as Cats, Lambs, Hogs, Cows, and also Horses, as you may see in that Book of his published after his Death. But dying young, he could not make a further progress in many o­ther things, tending to this business exactly to explain them, and communicate them to the Learned World: Concerning their site and office, many Controversies, and Disputes have arisen amongst Anatomists; for they who im­magined that all the Chyle ascended by the Me­seraick Veins (in order to it's Sanguification by the Liver) did stiffly affirm, that these Milky [Page 3] Vessels went to the Liver; but others describ­ed their course another way.

And this matter remained in Doubt until the Year 1651. that the Ductus Thoracicus was found out by that most ingenious Anatomist, John Pequet, a French-Man, to which it is evi­dent to all men, the Vessels discovered by Asel­lius do tend, and there lay down the humour, or matter by them contained.

And that we may not only speak of trifles, we cannot pass by with silence the famous In­vention of the Bloods circulation by the incom­parable William Harvey, chief Physitian to the King of England, discovered in the Year 1628. which although at the first found many Oppo­sers, (to whom it seemed strange, that they being old, should lay aside their old Doctrines, and be taught anew what younger men did most certainly affirm) nevertheless, this Pillar of Truth remained unshaken against the most furi­ous Assaults, and that so stedfastly, that not long after many Learned men were found, who considering the solid sayings of the Ancients, after this new Invention was found out, that it might be explained after a far better, and easier manner; plainly made it appear by the wright­ings of Hyppocrates, that he understood this cir­cular Motion of the Blood, to whom they judge there were nothing in the Art of Physick lay hid.

Yea, the matter is come so far, that you shall scarcely find any Physician of note, who doubts of the Bloods Circulation. So it re­quires [Page 4] some time to disperse the mists of mens contradicting any good, and new Inven­tions.

Many famous men both in Judgment and Pra­ctise, were stired up by the Examples of wor­thy and excellent Anatomists, by whose Dili­gence about the same time, viz. 1650. and 51. in divers Countries it was discovered by Olaus Rudbechius, a Swede, and Thomas Bartholinus, a Dane, both famous in Anatomy; that the Lym­phatick Vessels were distributed through the whole Body.

Also the Ductus's were observed in, or about the Year 1656. (by Thomas Wharton an English man) tending from the lower Maxillary Glan­dule by a straight passage to the Nipples; which are found also at the fleshly Ligature of the Tongue, near the Teeth: Through which see­ing the Salival Humidity continually floweth to the Mouth for the moistning thereof, they are called Salivales, and also Inferiores: To distin­guish them from the superiour Salival Ducts, which running from the upper Maxillary Glan­dules, by a direct passage about the Cheek-Muscle to the former part of the Mouth by the region of the upper Eye-teeth, lay down their Spittle.

Which Invention we owe to Nicholas Stenonis a Dane, who discovered them in the Year 1661. in his little Book for publick good. Also by his Industry were found out many other Vessels pas­sing into the Nostrils and Mouth. We follow­ing his Example, some years since have obser­ved, [Page 5] that the Glaudulous part of the Jaw being prest, a thick and viscous Humour came forth by the general opening of the Pores; from which time we thought that that viscous Mat­ter which appears by Spitting, or other com­pression of the Jaws, did in an especial manner proceed from those Duct:

Jo. George Wirsungus of Bavaria, is not si­lently to be passed by (who can all to mind all Inventions) who was very excellent in the Study of Anatomy; in the Year 1642. at Padua, first found out the Ductus Pancreaticus, which for the general good of Physicians, he caused to be Engraven in Copper, from whom we might have expected more, had he not been wick­edly Pistol'd by envious persons in his own House. Seeing therefore this famous man could not so successively find out the Use of this Duct by his own Study, others, that they might be serviceable to the Physical Republick, persisted in the fame Labour, and with so much the more Earnestness, in regard daily, there were more sharp Disputes concerning it's true Office, and that especially in the University of Leyden in Holland; the most famous and inde­satigable Franciscus de le Boe Sylvius leading the way; who when he had understood the various Experiments which we had successfully made, by the dissecting of divers Kinds of Animals, very often, as well in private as in publick, advised us, that we would commit to Writing these things which we had observed worthy of Note concerning this matter.

[Page 6] We distrusting our own Industry, (and con­sidering that there are found some (gluttons of Books, as they may be termed) who being stimulated with the desire of Vain Glory, spare not to assault all with their scribling Pen, and scurrilous Language;) were almost afraid to enter upon this work.

Yet consisidering that for the publick good, any thing was to be born with a Couragious mind; we at last put a helping hand to this Labour, and withal, have polisht our Endeavours, which so took with this worthy man, that he more urged their publication than before; as certain that we should have the favour of all Learned Men, for doing a thing of so great moment to the Pub­lick Good: and often said, That we should not fear to publish these things which are clearly de­monstrated to our Eyes.

We being perswaded by the Council of him, and other learned men, thought it worthy our Labour, the description of the Part being pre­fixt; afterwards the Judgments, and Opinions of others being explained, concerning this Juice, as we find it in every respect, to make it plain to all, and after to find out its true Use.

The lower part of the Belly being opened, & the Intestines, with the Venticle removed, the Pancreas or Sweet-bread presently appears; con­cerning which, as we shall find occasion to speak more, in the following pages, we will spend a little time in the exact Delineation thereof

The Word Pancreas is Compounded of [...] [Page 7] and [...], as if they would say that this viscous Part were all Flesh, which Apellation, notwith­standing is no way fit; but may be used as Mo­ny to pass from one to another Asellius and some others of his Followers, particularly no­ting the middle-most glandule of the Mesentery, gave the first Occasion of understanding all its Parts, by one and the same name.

The Substanee of the Pancreas (or Sweet-Bread, if you except its Membranes and ves­sels), is wholly Glandulous; made up of many small Glandules; all which have so great a hard­ness, and Strength, that being separated from each other do still retain their proper form; and being put together, by reason of their loose joyn­ing, make a soft Body: so that, not without Reason, they have called the Pancreas a loose and soft Glandule. Moreover, each Glandules, constituting the Pancreas, have their propper Membranes; and all being joyned together, are encompassed about with a Coat of sufficient Strength arising from the Peritonaeum; by the benefit of which, they are strongly kept, with their little Vessels, in their own place.

Its Scituation, in a man, is under the hind­most part, of the Ventricle, about the upper­most Vertebra of the Loynes, where it is firmly connected to the Peritonaeum. And it is exten­ded from the Cavity of the Liver, viz. from the Entrance of the Venaporta, to the Region of the Spleen; by which means it is Trans­versly Scituated, and not exactly in the mid­dle of the Body; seing that the greatest part [Page 6] [...] [Page 7] [...] [Page 8] thereof, is placed in the left Hypocondrium.

If you consider its Colour, it is pale, being al­together Glandulous; for the Blood gives little or no Colour to the Pancreas.

Its Figure is oblong, and broader, and thicker, towards the Intestinum Duodenum, and to­wards the Spleen narrower and thinner; never­theless it is differently constituted in diverse A­nimals; for in Dogs; Cats, Apes, Ottars, and o­thers of the like Nature, it is Bipartite: So that one part ascendeth towards the Stomach, and the other descendeth by the Membrane of the Mesenterium, (according to the passage of the Intestine) to the which, it is on every side firm­ly knit.

In Fishes and Fowls, for the most part it is long and single.

The Magnitude of the Pancreas in Healthful bodies is small, and compared with the other Bowels, comes short of most, yet in men of full growth, considered with the other Glandules it exceeds them all.

It's Longitude is usually eight or ten Fingers breadth, which it seldom exceeds in men of perfect health. It's Latitude is ordinarily two Fingers broad, or two and a half. It's Thickness, for as much as we could observe in dead Bodies by us Dissected, is a Fingers breadth. Finally, the weight is various, according to the diverse Magnitude of the Animal in which it exists: We have with the most curious VVharton, often observed it in Men to be four or five Ounces, and in Horses about eleven. The Vessels of the [Page 9] Pancreas, by the most accurate Searchers of Nature, are referred only to four Kinds, viz. Ar­teries, Veins, Nerves, and it's own proper Ductus. The Arteries borrow their Original from the Caeliaca, the Veins from the Ramus Splenicus; the Nerves from the sixth pair of Nerves, and the Ductus Pancreaticus seems to be derived from the Parenchyma of the Pancreas. For as much as each Glandules constituting the Pancreas, send forth small Vessels, which meeting in the middle thereof, make up this large Ductus.

This Vessel which hath been before exposed to curious Eyes, in all appearance is Membra­nous; and although it be small, nevertheless it is sufficiently strong. It's bigness near the In­testinum Duodenum, is about the quantity of a small sized Quill, called a Pinion; but in it's progress towards the greater Lateral branches, and also to the lesser, running to all the Glandu­les of the Pancreas, it is divided, and gradually lessened; wherefore by how much the more it approacheth the Spleen, by so much it is the less, and sends forth smaller branches

This Ductus, or passage for the most part, is wont in men to shew it's greatest branch in the lower part thereof, next to the Intestinum Duo­denum, which hath more little branches than a­ny other proceeding from the great Ductus, as appears by the following Table.

• [Page 10]AAA. The Ductus, or Trunck, of the new Vessel stretched forth according to the Longi­tude of the Pancreas.
• BBB. The lateral Ducts, or small branches, arising on each side from the great Trunk, and dispersed into the substance of the Pancreas.
• C. The Conjunction of the new Vessel with the Ductus Biliarius, or Choler-pas­sage.
• DD. The Cholar-passage freed from the Pan­creas, by which it is hid.
• E. The Common Ductus of the Pancreas and Cholar-passage, ending in the Intestinum Duodenum, about four Fingers breadth under the Pylorus.
• FFF. The inner part of the Pancreas, admit­ting the Lateral branches.
• G. Part of the Pancreas separated from the Ductus Biliarius, which it did cover.
• HH. The inferiour part of the Ventricle drawn upwards.
• I. The Pylorus.
• K. The first of the small Gutts, which is cal­led the Duodenum.
• L. Part of the Duodenum lying under the Mesenterium.
• MM. Part of the same Duodenum rising a­gain in the left Hypocondrium.
• NN. The Mesenterium freed from the Gutts.

  [Page]

  Tab. I.

• [Page] [Page 11] O. The Meseraick Vein.
• P. The meseraick Arterie.
• Q. The Ductus Cysticus.
• R. The Ductus Hepaticus.
• S. The Intestinum Duodenum opened.

We think it to be worth our while to ex­amine that in many and different Animals, which belongs to the Insertion of the Ductus Pancre­aticus; seeing that Nature oftentimes in one is more depressed and obscure, in another, more clearly manifested; so that none can truly determine concerning the Use, and Office of any part, which hath not diligently ex­amined the Fabrick, and Scituation, the Ves­sels annexed, and other accidents in divers Ani­mals.

For which Cause, we will briefly insert below the Differences, which we have observed in se­veral kinds of living Creatures; as well that which belongs to the Ductus, as that which per­tains to it's Insertion, that all may be able the better to judge of it's use. There are some A­nimals which have only one single Pancreatick Duct. Others there are which have it double, and lastly, some have three, when the Ductus is single; sometimes it enters with the Ductus Biliarius into the Intestinum Duodenum, and sometimes a part. When the Ductus is du­plicate, sometimes one, sometimes both meet together with the Ductus Biliarius in the Inte­stine. But when the Ductus is threefold, some­times one only, sometimes two, and sometimes [Page 12] all three enter into the Intestine by the same passage, and also therein lay down a contained Humour. And if you consider the place of In­sertion, it very much differs in divers living Creatures; for some are found in which the Ducts do disburden themselves into the Inte­stines, and also others in which they are discharg­ed into the Ventricle.

The single Ductus for the most part is found in Man, Calves, Hogs, Hares, Conies, Cats, Dogs, Pikes, Carps, Eells, Barbils, &c. as we have formerly asserted; for in Men and Dogs we find it sometimes double, yet so as the second is less than the former, viz. then that which passeth into the Duodenum with the Ductus Biliarius.

As often as these two Ducts happen in the Animals but now cited, for the most part they are conjoyned in the Pancreas; so that the one being blown up, the other will swell; yet we find them so constituted in Man, that they are not joyned together, although both be extend­ed to the extremity of the Pancreas almost in the same Longitude and Magnitude. A two­fold Ductus is commonly found in Pheasants, Peacocks, Geese, Ducks, and other Animals, especially of the number of Fowls.

The threefold Ductus, for the most part is in Cocks, Hens, Pigeons and Magpyes, &c. When the Ductus Pancreaticus is single, it is com­monly joyned with the Ductus Biliarius about it's Insertion into the Intestinum, Duodenum, in Men and Fishes, as we have above declared; [Page 13] as also in Cats, in which once we found by the side of the Gall-bladder, another little whitish Vessel towards which the Pancreas in an extra­ordinary manner extending it self, which being lightly compressed, there flowed a certain Mat­ter into the Ductus Pancreaticus, like to the Juyce thereof, both in colour and substance: But the Bile in the same Cat retained both it's natural substance and colour, so that nothing seem'd to be changed which related to it's natu­ral Constitution.

The Ductus Pancreaticus, and the Ductus Biliarius are not joyned together, but enter the Intestine in divers places in Hogs, Calves, Co­nies, and Hares, &c.

When the Ductus Pancreaticus is twofold, or threefold, sometimes only one of them is joyned with the Ductus Biliarius, as is evident in Pyes, and some other Birds, Sometimes two, as appears in Peacocks, Geese, Ducks, Phea­sants; and Pigeons, in which now and then on­ly one is joyned to the Ductus Biliarius: Some­times all three being joyned therewith do pass into the Intestine, as we have sometimes obser­ved in Hens▪

Seeing we have already sufficiently spoken of it's Insertion into the Intestine, it also remains for us to speak something concerning the place of Insertion, as more nearly appertaining to our business. The Pancreatick Juyce doth imme­diately discharge it self into the Stomach in Barbils and Carps; but in other Creatures (for as much as we have observed) it dischargeth [Page 14] it self into the Intestines, and that in divers places; for in Men it is performed about four Fingers breadth, under the Pylorus, and in Birds about eight Fingers breadth, but in Hares and Conies, the breadth of fifteen or sixteen Fingers below the Pylorus.

Here we would diligently note, that as often as we name the Ductus Biliarius, we always thereby understand the Cysticus and Hepaticus; because these two are always joyned together about the end, only in Pigeons excepted, which want the Gall-bladder, and furthermore, are said to have no Gall; nevertheless, they have usually a threefold Ductus Biliarius, one of which enters immediately under the Pylorus, the other two make their entrance into the In­testine at a lower distance. Where those Ducts enter the Intestines or the Ventricle, the inner Tunicle of that part buncheth out, being wrinckled like a Navel; for which cause it more difficultly admits the Stile then the Ductus Biliarius, which is broader and not so lax.

There is no value found throughout the Ductus Pancreaticus, nor in it's Insertion to the Ductus Biliarius, as is rashly and falsly af­firmed by some. And these few Observations may be sufficient as concerning the Systeme of the Pancreas; and no man ought to think, who hath observed so great a variety in it, and so many notable sports of Nature about it, that the Pancreas is slightly made; for the Liver, the Spleen, and several other Entrails of Ani­mals, [Page 15] also highly necessary, being different in themselves are found out by such, who diligent­ly apply themselves to the Dissecting of sundry living Creatures; neither will they easily say it is unprofitable, who have observed it to be found in all kinds of Animals.

AS concerning the use of the Pancreas, it was not so much accounted of in former dayes as now it is; for Hyppocrates, the reverend light and deity of some Physicians gave the Pancreas no Name, concerning which now a dayes, so many Opinions are seen in Authors: For some think it only to serve as a Pillow placed underneath the Ventricle, or Stomach, and for the distribution of the Vessels. Others that it received the Chyle from the Intestines: Others imagined that it purged the Excrement of the Chyle: Others that it were as the Bilar­vesicle of the Spleen: Others, that the thicker and more unapt purgations of the Blood, were purged into it by the ordinary course of Na­ture: Others, that this part was made for the Reception of the Excrement of the Nerves. [Page 16] Finally, others have publickly taught, that the Humour in the Pancreas was not only useful, but highly necessary to be understood.

The first Opinion may be ascribed to the Ancients, that this part is as a pillow under the Stomach, and serveth to distribute the Veins and Arteries; as Vesalius, the most ingenious Anatomist of his time sufficiently affirmes, who broke forth into these words about the Fabrick of Mans body, Lib. 5. cap. 4. De omento. ‘This body in Man (speaking of the Pancreas) is more white than red, every where attended by the branches of the Vena porta, Arteries and Nerves, that their Complications may be the more firm, being only supported by the lower Membrane of the Omentum; that it may be placed under the Stomach like a prop, or pillow.’

But this Opinion is no way probable; seeing then the Pancreas in Birds, Fishes, and many other living Creatures, in which it is otherwise scituate then in Men would be useless; because in those it is in no wise found to be so placed un­der the Ventricle, neither doth it admit a pas­sage to the Vessels, unless in a very few. But because the Ancients never had a true knowledge of the Glandules, we must not blame them for not delivering to us the true Use of the Pan­creas.

The second Opinion is attributed to Baccius and Folius, both which sharply maintained, that the Chylus passeth from the Intestines to the Li­ver and Spleen, through the Ductus Pancreati­cus: [Page 17] The contrary of which is as clear as the Meridian Sun: Seeing that nothing is recei­ved from the Gutts into this Ductus, but on­ly the Juyce sent forth by it self to the Inte­stines.

The third Opinion is ascribed to Johan. Veslingius; because in his Systeme of Anatomy, chap. 4. he thus speaketh of the Pancreas: ‘The use of this Ductus is not obscure, for seeing it hath acertain Juyce not much unlike to the Bile, it is manifest that such an Excrement is separated from the Chylus by a further Con­coction, and being conveyed into this Vessel, is thence emitted into the Duodenum.’ Asellius, Riolanus and others favour this Opinion; but Experience contradicts it, and manifestly sheweth, that the Humour contained in the Pancreas is never really in it self bitter, and therefore in no wise to be compared with the Bile.

If at any time it happens that the Probe be­ing put into this Ductus be yellow, every one will easily believe, that this is not occasioned by the Humour contained in the Pancreas, but from the Bile, as well flowing from the Ductus Cysticus, as the Hepaticus immediately into the Intestine; especially if he consider that the Stylus is spotted by the Bile, before it passeth from the Intestine to the Ductus Pancreaticus; and again, that it passeth through the Bile whilst it is drawn out: For the Ductus Pancrea­ticus, and the Ductus Biliarius in Men perforate the Intestine in the same place.

[Page 18] And although the most famous D. Van. Horne, in a Bilious Diarhaea saw that Vessel full of Cho­ler, we say it was Preternatural, in as much as the Bile, which Copiously adhered to the end of the Ductus (as is wont to happen in a Diar­haea) was thrown into the Cavity thereof, by the Agitation of that dead Body: Also that the excrement of the further Elaboration or Con­coction of the Chylus, is not sent into this pas­sage, is manifest, in regard the same is witnessed by Occular Inspection. In some Animals, that Glandulous Body doth not at all touch the Milky Vessels; and in others it only passeth o­ver, and in no wise enters their Substance; as also because they are easily separated from the Pancreas, without the Effusion of any Chyle, as we have formerly demonstrated in Dogs, Cats, and other Animals.

Therefore we do not see upon what ground they might maintain the further Concoction of the Chylus to be celebrated in it, unless they following the Opinion of Asellius, would take this Glandulous body for the Middle Glandule of the Mefentery, into which the Ve­nae Lacteae are altogether immersed. The fourth Opinion is of Bartholinus, as is manifest­ly apparent from his Anatomy Chap. 13. De Pancreate; where he thinks the Bile to be purged Naturally by its Ductus, and will have it to be the Bilar-Vesicle or Gall-Bladder of the Spleen; so that the same use which the other affords to the Liver, he believes that this af­fords to the Spleen: Which Opinion (by the [Page 19] leave of so great a man) Anatomy in our Judg­ment seems to confute: Seeing the Ductus Pancreaticus passeth not to the Spleen; neither are there any other Vessels, which do convey any thing from the Spleen to it: For, there are found only two kinds of Vessels, which carry any thing back from the Spleen, viz. The Veines and Lymphatick Ves­sels: But the Veines carry back the Blood to the Liver, and the Complication of the Lym­phaticks carrying from the Spleen, do not in like manner go to the Pancreas, but to the great Receptacle of the Chyle; so that nothing can be discharged out of the Spleen to the Pancre­as, as our tryal in France hath sufficiently ma­nifested, for their sakes, who judging this to be the best Opinion of most Authors, rejected ours. We tyed a Dog upon a Table, as is De­monstrated by the first Figure of the third Table; and when we had made a little Hole in the left Hypocondrium, with our two fore-Fingers we pull'd out the Spleen, whose Bloody Ves­sels we tyed with two or three several Liga­tures, and afterwards we cut the same in sun­der between the Spleen and the Bonds; and when we had quite taken away the Spleen, we drew together the Lips of the Wound with small threds in three or four several places, whereby this Dog, in ashort time, being well cured, was returned to us, (at which we did not at all wonder, because we once had a Bitch, which brought forth three or four Puppies af­ter the Extirpation of her Spleen); and two [Page 20] Mouths after the loss of the Spleen in the same Dog, we collected a notable quantity of the Pancreatick Juice, which the Professors of An­degave, the Doctors of Ʋtrecht, D. Haverloo, and D. de Maets, judged to be acidly Salt: which being true, none as we think free from Prejudice, will maintain that the Succus Pan­creaticus proceeds from the Spleen.

Also, it is worthy to be noted, That those Dogs did no less greedily desire, or better di­gest, their Food after the Extirpation of the Spleen, than before; from whence we, receding from the Common Opinion, judge that no Fer­mentitious Matter or Humour is sent from the Spleen to the Stomach.

The Fifth Opinion is attributed to the most Famous Lindanus, seeing that in his Medic-Physiol. c. 5. Art. 5. pag. 114. he saith, ‘When I consider what appertains to the Ʋse, besides the structure of the Pancreas; how many Diseases Practise takes notiee of in it, I cannot doubt but that the thicker, and more useless Purgations of the Blood, are thrown out into it, by the Ordina­ry Law of Nature; so as they may be corrected by the Spleen: and also by an Extraordinary: all the Melancholy which either an Intemperate Diet, or Disease hath bred. The Ductus it self gives us cause to believe, That they are both car­ryed to the Intestines; and Curation teacheth the same by the Medicines often required.’ And this Opinion seems also to us to be contrary to the Truth, seeing that the Pancreatick Juice, as often as it hath been truly collected by us, al­wayes appeared Limpid like Wine.

[Page 21] But what we shall say concerning the Excre­mentitious Humour, will sufficiently appear by the following Article, and also by those things which shall be spoken of presently after. The Sixth Opinion is manifest enough from Whar­ton's Treatise of the Glandules, Chap. XIII. whilst he writes. ‘Therefore I think that this Glandule (as likewise all others) do minister to the Nerves, and that it receives some of the Super­fluities of the Nerves, of the Sixth Paire, with the little Branches of the Spinal Marrow, in the grea­ter folding of the Ʋnitings; and by its own Pro­per Vessel carries it to the Intestines.’

But seeing that the Nerves are designed to carry Animal Spirits, we do not understand up­on what ground the industrious Anatomist will hold, that the Excrementitious humour is carryed through them, and wherefore he will affirm that it is rather carryed into the Pancreas than into the Spleen, or other parts of the Bo­dy, to which Nerves of the same Original do be­long.

Truly the Pancreas is too far from the Brain to receive its Excrement; moreover, the Nerves abhor all acrimony, so as to receive any sharper Juice: For which cause, we judge this Opinion to stand upon too slight a Foun­dation to be admitted for Truth; and so much the less, seeing we could never perceive any Cavity or Liquour in the Nerves, notwith­standing all the diligence we could use to this purpose, the most accurate Microscopes have been of no use to us, for the discovery of the [Page 22] least pores in them: We do not here speak of the distances which are like Pores, seen be­tween the small Conveyances of the Nerves; but of the Cavity it self, of the little Pipes, by which these Excrements ought to pass. Furthermore, it is proved by Ligatures that no remarkable quantity of Humour is carryed by the Nerves, in which there is not the least Swelling, of ei­ther side the Ligature which we have obser­served, nor yet by any other that we read of.

That which Chyrurgions cry out of the dropping of the Nerves, we rather ascribe to the hurt of the Lymphatick Vessels, being nigh to the Nerves, than the hurt of the Nerves themselves; for which reason, that we might have a more certain information, we have sometimes in Dogs, laid bare that notable Nerve in the hinder-most part of the Legs, and cut it cross through the middle, and have put it into a Vial, being freed from the Lymphatick Ves­sels (as we use to do in collecting of the Pan­creatick Juice), the neck of which was so straightned for this purpose, as that the Nerves being cut asunder, the Orifice might be well closed by its thickness, that Spirits, or what­soever subtile Matter passeth through the Nerves, might not vanish into the Aire. We fixed this Vial to the skin with the Nerve hang­ing down into its Hollowness, hoping that if any Liquor did pass through the Nerves, we should by that means attain it, but in vain: For, in the space of four or five hours, we got [Page 23] not the least drop; nor did we observe that the Animal Spirits did adhere by Condensation to the sides of the Glass.

Such Birds are to be catcht with more subtile nets; which after they are taken, we will pre­pare to break-fast withal. Seeing therefore little or no visible matter is carried through the Nerves, we pray the Propugners of this Opi­nion to tell us, Why Nature in the Pancreas (as they will have it) hath only formed a Du­ctus to receive the Excrements of the Nerves, which sometimes exceed in Magnitude the Re­current Nerves themselves, whose small Branches often touch the Pancreas. What ap­pertains to the word Excrement, whereby they point out our Juice, we think it not con­venient for it, if they understand whatsoever is separated from the Blood, whether good or evil; but it is in no respect agreeable to the Pancreatick Juice, if by the word Excrement they understand whatsoever is carryed from the Blood to be unprofitable, for Reasons hereafter to be declared.

The Seventh Opinion is assigned to the most Famous Franciscus de la Boe-sylvius; who thinks nothing is carryed from the Intestines to the Pancreas, by this Ductus; nor any secret un­profitable Excrement by the same to the Inte­stines; but a commendable Humour prepared therein of Blood, and Animal Spirits; and so conveyed to the Intestine, and permixed with the Alement.

[Page 24] And in regard he knew that nothing was car­ryed to the Intestines, but what was first swal­lowed into the Stomach, and by that driven out again through the Pilorus, or is sent through the Bilar, or Pancreatick Ductus; and he moreover considering, not only in intermitting Feavours, that the sick were alwayes troubled with various pains in their Loynes, by Cold, Heat, Yawnings, Reachings, and Vomitings, as well of insipid Phlegm, and sometimes acid, as of Choler; sometimes bitter, sometimes acid and bitter, &c. but also in other diseases proceeding from hence to the Hypocondriack Affection. As for example, in the Scurvey, the Disease called the Suffocation of the Womb, the Chollerico Passio, pains of the Bel­ly, and consequently from hence in the Ulce­rated Mouths, or Thrushes of Children, &c. Belchings, and Acid Humours do arise, he concluded (although he never saw the Pan­creatick Juice, as he ingenuously confesseth, Thes. 37. of the use of the Spleen and Glan­dules) that the Pancreatick Juice, in its own Nature was Subacid, in an especial manner tempered by the animal Spirits.

For, he judged that the Bile which is bitter and contrary to Acidity, could not be the cause of an acid Humour; and therefore he deter­mines that Spittle, alwayes insipid in sound men; and oftentimes so acid, and remarka­bly sharp in the sick, came not from the Pancrea­tick Juice.

[Page 25] And because we heard that most Learned man often teaching these and the like things, and did see the same confirm'd by a happy practise in the Hospital; his opinion so pleased us, that we never frequented his Meetings, whe­ther publick or private, without great satis­faction of mind; in which, being excited to find out the further truth of the matter, by the same worthy person and his Disciples, we have undertook the work; and although we could not once despair of a happy success; in process of time, God favouring our Enterprize and Desires, in the Year 1662. found out the way of Collecting the Pancreatick Juice; which, by way of History, as it shall conveni­ently occur in the Work, we will set down: In which our Thoughts shipwrackt themselves from those scruples, by which they may be pre­cautioned, who will follow our foot-steps to ex­amine it.

THE First Experiment by which we un­dertook to collect the Pancreatick Juice in a living Dog, was a Ligature with which we tied the upper-part of the Pancreas, together with the thin Gut; for, by that means, we hoped that after some Hours we should have found the Pancreatick Duct swell'd with Juice, but in vain: which seemed to our Judgment to happen by reason that the Motion of the Blood being hindered to the Pancreas, the se­paration of the Juice from it was prevented al­so.

The Second Experiment was also by a Liga­ture made about the Insertion of the Ductus into the Intestinum Duodenum, but also in vain. The Reason perhaps was the Glandules of the Pancreas being hurt, by whose Ductus all the Pancreatick Juice might the more easilier have flown out, by reason that neither in the great Ductus nor in the lateral branches is there any values found.

The Third Experiment was by two boards or planks, higher in the middle, than at the ends, applyed and straightly bound to the Duode­num, [Page 27] at the ingress of the Pancreatick Du­ctus; from whence, after some hours, the Ab­domen being opened again, which before had been lightly stitched up, we found the Pancrea­tick Ductus swelled with a clear and limpid Juice; nevertheless, we could not conveniently either take it out, or tast it. By which success we being animated the more, resolved a fourth Tryal, by opening the Intestinum Duodenum, according to the Longitude thereof; and pre­sently applying a little vessel to the Orifice of the Ductus Pancreaticus, as the first Figure of the following Table A. demonstrates; after­wards by straightly tying the said Intestine a­bout the neck of the vessel: so that its Orifice was diametrically opposite to the end of the Ductus Pancreaticus, not doubting but by this means we should gather a rare quantity of the Pancreatick Juice; but this also in vain: with­out doubt, because the air included within the vessel, denyed entrance to the Pancreatick Juice, lightly touching it. Therefore we resolved to try a Fifth Experiment, with a little vessel smal­ly perforated, as the first Figure of the Se­cond Table shews under the letter B. By which advantage, in the space of five hours, we col­lected so great a quantity of Liquor, that the vessel was almost half full; whose contained Liquor was of a bitter relish, and of a yellow­ish colour; which we judged to happen, because the bile, (by reason the Intestine was not first cleansed) was intermixed with the Succus Pancreaticus. Wherefore, after many [Page 28] and tiresome vexations of mind, we came to a Sixth Experiment; which seeing it in all re­spects sufficiently answered our Expectations; here wee will add its exact description for the sake of the Curious, that they may give cre­dit to their proper senses, which in others words most easily lessen the Credit.

A little Vessel, with a longer neck, was ta­ken, as the II. Table under the letter A. re­presents; in the upper part of whose Belly a little hole was pierced B.; by which the air included in it, gave way to the Pancreatick Juice.

Let the neck of the Vessel be encompassed with a little cord C.; and severall Rings of Iron, thereunto affixed, or any other conveni­ent thing; by the advantage of which, the Intestine may the more easily be stretched up.

Furthermore, you must take a wild Ducks quill D. because that kind of bird hath longer and thinner than all others, which must be so ob­volved about the larger part thereof with Paper, a little besmeared with boiled Starch, that the Orifice of the vessel H. whilst it is included in it, may be most exactly closed: lest either the Bile or Blood, penetrating by the sides of the quill, defile the Juice collected, or to be col­lected in the Vessel.

This quill is affixed to the Vessel, by rea­son of the straightness of the Pancreatick Duct, which will not admit the neck of the Vessel. Presently you must take a little tap or stop­ple [Page 29] made of soft Wood, and of such thickness that it may fill up the narrower Orifice G. which with the Alligated thred K. by the help of the Style may be so far protruded through the larger part of the quill F. that a little there­of may remain in the larger part of the quill G. and there may stick so fast, that it may not re­turn of its own accord into the Ductus Pan­creaticus: because then the Pituitous or Ver­miculous crusted matter, of the Intestines, con­tinually adhering about the end of the Ductus being moved, would easily cause it to be ob­structed; which need not be feared, if the stopple remain in the quill.

But the Tap is not so strongly to be forced into the Quill, but that by the help of the thred it may easily be retracted. You have all these things set forth in the Second Figure of the Second Table.

• Fig. I. Sheweth all things necessary for the preparing of the Vessel.
  • A. The Glass Vessel.
  • B. A small hole in the upper part of the Vessel.
  • C. A little String adorned with Iron Rings.
  • D. A long and slender Quill of a Wild Duck.
  • E. The Paper with which the Quill is en­enwrapped.
  • [Page 30] F. The larger part of the Quill.
  • G. the more slender part of the Quill.
  • H. The Mouth of the Glass Vessel.
  • I. The wooden Tap or Stopple.
  • K. The thred annexed to the Tap.
• Fig. II. Doth exhibit the Vessel as it ought to be furnished with all its Requisites.
• Fig. III. Denotes the parts of the Instrument, by which the lower end of the Ductus Pancreati­cus may be closed.
  • AA. Two Tables made of Ivory.
  • BBBB. Four little Holes made in the ends of the Tables.
  • CC. Two Cylinders.
  • DD. Two Scrues turn'd about the Cylinders.

All the Instruments aforesaid being prepared and fitted, a Dog to is be taken; to whom, for the space of some hours, no food hath been given: But, a young Mastive is to be prefer­red; because he, of all other Dogs, of the same Magnitude, hath larger Bowels, and by reason of the Humidity predominating in him, yeildeth more Pancreatick Juice, and also long­er Life, and moreover less trouble in diffecting. We say that a fasting Dog is to be taken, lest that the Intestines, with the Ventricle waxing bigger by aliment, the Closure of the Abdo­men, after the Application of the Glass, be impedited; or also, the mouth of the Quill, by the two much Compression of the Bowels, be shut up.

[Page]

[Page] [Page 31] Having got such a Dog, after his Mouth in strictly bound that he may not bite; and ha­ving tyed his extended Legs, upon a Table, let the Style be thrust under the Larynx, the long Muscles being first removed, bending his neck; which done, let there be made a little hole in that part thereof, which is most promi­nent, by cutting the Particles of the two Car­tilages; that by the same Hole, his trouble­some cry, to the standers by, being removed, a Respiration be procured. In such sort as is shewed, Tab. III. Fig. I. These things pre­mized, you must open the Abdomen with one incission, according to the White line from the sword-like Cartilage, unto the Region of the Pubes; then presently draw the Gut through the Wound, and make a Ligature a­bout it three or four fingers breadth below the Pylorus, as also under the end of the Ductus Pancreaticus, lest the Aliments sliding from the Ventricle, or those things contained in the Guts, by their Peristaltick Motion, against things thrust forward, should disturb or hinder this our VVork.

Then between both Ligatures, let the Inte­stine be cut open in its Anteriour Part, being first freed from the Mesentery; by and by the Bile, with the Phleme, and other matter found therein, being cleansed away by a Sponge, the Ductus Pancreaticus may be observed; the which, with almost two Fingers breadth be­neath the end of the Ductus Biliarius, and well nigh the same space above the Connexion of [Page 32] the Intestine, with the descending part of the Pancreas, into Ductus of the narrower Ori­fice is gently to be immitted, the end of the Quill shut up with its Spout or stopper, with the Glass vessel on the other part fastned to it; which, by the mediation of the little Cord, containing the Rings C. it is sewed to the In­testine with a double thred; so that, the ex­tremity of the quill G. may remain in the Du­ctus Pancreaticus; nor the Vessel recede from the Intestine. VVhich things rightly perform­ed, the Abdomen is to be sewed together with a thick thred, that the Vessel may hang forth without the Cavity thereof, as is to be seen Fig. II. Tab. III. To which, now part of an Exsiccated Bladder N. is to be so bound with a string about the neck of the Vessel, that it may on every side cover the Vessel; lest the blood or bile flowing by the hole of the Vessel B. might enter into it. These things so done, the Tap or Stopple I. by the help of the thred K. is to be drawn through the hole B. This In­strument will alwayes be sufficient where the Ductus Pancreaticus hath only one passage in­to the Intestine; but if besides this ordinary Ductus, there be yet another passage, as in like manner we have sometimes found; there is another Instrument required, by which that also may be closed. The which Instrument in the end we thought upon, as being more a­greeable to this matter, then that of which we have already discoursed in the third Experi­ment, and it is noted, Tab. II. Fig. III.

[Page 33] It hath two Tables made of Ivory AA In the extremity of which are four holes BBBB. These Tables may be so applyed between the Ventricle and the Vessel, affixed to both sides of the Intestine; and the intermediate Intestine may be somewhat compressed with the hand, till the acute Style, and the Clynders CC. be transmitted through the holes, and through the Scrues DD.

The intermediate Intestine may be so straightned, that nothing from these Seconda­ry Ducts (which we have alwayes found to be present in the Superiour place) may flow out; by which means all the Juice flowing through that Ductus, in which the Quill is immit­ted may be received by the affixed Ves­sell.

• Fig. I. Exhibiteth a Dog, in which is shew­ed the manner how, and place where, the In­struments noted Tab. II. are to be affix­ed.
  • A. The Glass Viall.
  • B. The Needle.
  • M. The Pylorus.
  • N. The Intestinum Duode­num.
  • O. the Pancreas.
  • P. The Presse.
  • Q. The little Hole cut in the Larynx.
• Fig. II. Represents a Dog, whose Abdomen, after the Application of the instruments is sewed together.
  • [Page 34] AA. Two Glass Vials to collect the Succus Pancreaticus, and the Spittle.
  • N. A part of the Bladder, where-with the Glass is covered, lest the Blood entring through the hole thereof should defile the Pancreatick Juice.

HAving related the Instruments with their manner of applying, there is none but may see that we may easily come to a more intimate knowledge of the Pancreatick Juice, by observing not only the qualities thereof, but also the Quantity which at all hours do flow to the Intestinum Duodenum.

The Qualities of the Pancreatick Juice so collected, both Visible and Tactable, such as we have frequently observed them, we shall here set down for the sake of those who desire to be informed.

[Page 35] As often as we have rightly collected the Pancreatick Juice, we have found it like clear Fountain Water, with some-thing of Viscidi­ty, but not without the associating of Dissi­pated Spirits. The Qualities thereof are per­ceptible to the tast; not alwayes in the same manner in themselves, which denote those Functions depending upon it, not seldome to be vitiated, and the same is evinced by our Experience; For, we sometimes have found it most gratefully acid, sometimes almost insi­pid, sometimes austere, often times salt, but most often acidly salt.

Of this our Experience, we cite an appro­ved Witness, the most excellent D. Vander Sprongh, with the most famous Professor Syl­vius, as also many others who have sometimes been Fellowes of our practical Colledge, who in their presence judged with us, that in such a Collection it were both of an austere, and acidly Salt Sapor.

The notable Effect of the Austerity thereof, then also observed, we will hereafter declare. Now having found out the Pancreatick Juice, that we may clearly and distinctly subject the Generation thereof to your Eyes, we will propose a description of all the Glandules, by distinguishing them with the Famous D. Syl­vius into Conglobated and Conglomerated. We call them conglobated, which are Consti­tuted, as it were, from one continued Substance, having an equal Superifices; such as in the Me­sentery, Neck, Shares, and other parts of the Body, many are found.

[Page 36] But we call those Conglomerated, which rise from many lesser Glandules joyn'd toge­ther; such are the Pancreas, Salival Ducts, and many others in the Fauces, Nostrils; yea they constitute the Thyme it self, or Glandule, under the Channel bone, concerning which we are willing here to say somewhat of what we have some years since observed, whilst we were Conversant about the dissecting of Calves (in which this Glandule was found very great, and that which is most worthy of note, no less in Calves, than in other Animals, That it is sen­sibly diminished after the Birth) that this no­table Ductus was found repleat with a Lim­pid humor, which we sometime prosecuted; but because, upon the laying open thereof, the Liquor did continually Flow out, the intire Ductus vanished away before we could enter its end: For which reason, we were constrained to defer its further Enquiry till another occasi­on.

That this Distinction of the Glandules is not Fained but Real, the following Experiment doth prove. As well the Conglomerated as the Conglobated are cloathed with a Coat or Membrane; which being taken away, and a certain Liquor immitted, as well through the Ductus Pancreaticus, as through the Sa­livales; also by the Arteries of all the Glan­dules, by the help of a Syringe with divers little pipes fastned to the same, contrived by us, and proposed in our Treatise concerning the Organs of men; as subservient to many [Page 37] things in Generation; and there will be obser­ved by a most Elegant Spectacle Conglome­rated Glandules, receding or parting by course from themselves; especially if from hence the little Membranes, whereby they are connex­ed, be cut with a Knife: Which, in no wise, is to be expected from the Conglobated Glan­dules, notwithstanding the greatest dili­gence.

Besides the Glandules differ among them­selves, in relation to their Substance: Be­cause in the ordinary course of Nature, we have found a Cavity in the middle of the Con­globated Glandules; but not in the Conglo­merated; which, by that great Expounder of Nature, and by an indissoluble bond of Friendship endeared to us, Nicholas Stenon, we have seen noted; and observed; who in his Anatomical Observations concerning the Con­globated Glandules, saith:

Their Substances differ not only among themselves by way of Connexion, as they are Conglobated and Conglomerated, but also in the peculiar Vessels; for, the Conglobated are given to the Lymphatick Vessels, which to­wards, and at the Common Ductus Thoraci­cus, or the Superior Folding thereof, especi­ally [Page 38] Conspicuous in Dogs, drive out a Liquor prepared in themselves, or received from ano­ther. But the Conglomerated dispose their Liquour into peculiar Cavities, as the Saliva­les into the Mouth, the Pancreas into the Duo­denum, and so of others.

That the Motion of the Lympha is such, as we have even now asserted, and not from the Centre to the Circumference, is proved by the Values in the Lymphatick Vessels, eve­ry-where existing, as may be seen in a little Treatise, concerning the Values of the Lym­phatick Vessels, by the most Famous, and our entire Friend, Dr. Raysch, Anatomyst of Am­sterdam, Printed Anno 1665. by whose Inde­fatigable Dilligence, at the same time, was dis­covered that Vessel which he calleth the Bronchi­al Artery, by reason that it accompanyeth the Widenings of the Branches of the sharp Ar­tery through the whole Substance of the Lungs; as may be seen by the Figure there­of, inserted into his little Book, aforementio­ned, and worthily Communicated to us.

Seeing that the Duct's, and also the Sub­stances of the Glandules are diverse, it is worthy our enquiry, Whether the Humour, observed in all the Glandules, be of the same, or a different Quality? But we shall answer, That the same, or like Humour is separated in all the Glandules, of a diverse Species; for one Liquor is deposed in the Conglobated, and ano­ther in the Conglomerated: For, that which is se­parated in the Conglobated is all of the same [Page 39] Nature: which is proved, not only by the Substance of the same Glandules, every where Consimilar, but also by the wayes by which they are all distburdened; for as much, as further ap­pears to us, ending in the Ductus Thoracicus. Moreover, it is further Demonstrable, by the Liquor of the Conglobated Glandules, ordi­narily found more Saltish, and less Acid in them, than in the Conglomerated Glan­dules of the Pancreas; nevertheless more of Acidity, and Salsitude, than that of the Conglomerated Salivales. From whence it is manifest, that a Liquor is separated from the Conglomerated Glandules of the Salivales, and Pancreas not alike in all its Qualities, as we have asserted even now to be done in the Congloba­ted; in which matter, that we might be more certain, at the same time, and to the same Animal, we applyed the Instrument depicted Tab. II. Fig. II. both to the Ductus Pancreaticus, and to the upper Salivary Duct, as is exhibited Tab. III. Fig. II. But we found a notable di­versity of the aforesaid Liquors; For, the Salival is either Temperate or Insipid; but the Succus Pancreaticus is acidly Salt, or such like, for the most part, as we have described it in the former Chapter.

Seeing there is a diverse Juice of diverse Glandules, it deserves our enquiry, What use every one may have, and whether it be prosi­table or unnecessary? That is, Whether it bringeth any Commodity to the Body? Or, Whether it be such as is in no wise Subservi­ent [Page 40] to the Oeconomy of the Humane Fabrick? It will not be hard to satisfie this difficulty, e­specially if we make a more exact Scrutiny in­to the Motion of those Liquors; for seeing that all the Liquor of the Conglobated Glan­dules, is inserted into the Ductus Thoracicus, and there permixed with the Chyle, the chief part of Aliments, and with the same may pro­ceed, and be purged into the Jugular Veine, or left Subclavian Vessel; from whence, being confused with the descending Blood, necessari­ly passeth through the right Ear of the Heart, into its right Ventricle. We do not see by what name it may be called Excrementitious and unprofitable; because the Excrementiti­ous Humours are separated from the Blood: so that, according to the Order of Nature, they may not any more be commixed therewith; but are wholly separated from the Body; which is clearly seen in the Urine; the which, being separated from the masse of Blood in the Reines, and thence deduced through the Ureters into the Bladder: from whence, after some stay, according to the Dictate of the Will, by the Urinary passage it is excluded from the Body; so that it can never again return.

So, the Juice of the Conglomerated Glan­dules, is effused through particular Ducts, in­to divers Cavities of the Body, where it may be mingled with other Humours necessary for Nourishment, and is least of all to be esteemed for Excrementitious, or Unprofitable. Which that it may likewise, be made known, in like [Page 41] manner, as we have prosecuted the Liquor of the Conglobated Glandules; so also, we shall follow that of the Conglomerated flowing from the Salivales, and the Pancreas.

The Spittle is separated from the Blood, in the Maxillary Glandules, as well the Superiour as the Inferiour, and is carryed by the said Sa­lival Ducts, into the Cavity of the Mouth; where it may be mixed with the assumed Ali­ment, or out of the time of the Aliments As­sumption, is continually swallowed; the which we never better consider, than whilst we hold somthing in our Mouth; the which, because of the cleanness of the place, in which we are, we will not spit out, neither dare we swallow it down; for the Mouth is very quickly fill'd with Spittle.

Therefore the Spittle, although without our knowledge, is continually swallowed, and mingled, and confused in the stomack with the Aliment, which truly would be very in­decent, if the same were unprofitable and ex­crementitious.

The Pancreatick Juice is e [...]used in the glan­dules of the pancreas, after the same manner as the Spittle in the salivales, being continu­ally separated in a Man about the breadth of four fingers under the Pylorus into the in­testinum duodenum, and there is mixed with the Aliments already passed the fermentation of the stomack, and with the same is driven downwards by the peristaltick motion of the Gutts; in which propulsion the greatest part thereof, together with the more pure and [Page 42] liquid part of the Aliment is carried to the venae Lacteae, and thence to the Cistern; from thence it penetrates through the Ductus Tho­racicus to the subclavian Vein, and so for­ward to the right Ventricle of the Heart; which indeed would happen against reason, if the said humours were Excrementitious, and unprofitable to the oeconomy of the body of Man.

To this Opinion, besides Sylvius, agrees Godofri­dus Moebius, who in his Physiological foundations of Medicine, c. 12. concerning the use of the Inte­stines, thus speaketh: ‘But this Juice (namely the Pancreatick) seeing that it may be admixed with the Chyle, together with the Bile in the Duodenum, without all doubt it further helps and promotes its Fermentation: For, if the pure purged Excrement should be of no use, Nature would have derived that Channel to the lower Intestines, wherein hard and un­profitable Excrements are lodged, not to the Superiour, where the Chyle begun in the Stomach, ought to be perfected.’

Seeing than that by Reasons and Experi­ments, already sufficiently inferd, it is mani­fest, That the Humours, as well of the Con­globated, as the Conglomerated Glandules, are not Excrementitious. We think fit, before we proceed any further, to propose their Way or Mode of Generation.

It hath been, in times past, believed by the Antients, (to say nothing concerning Faulties, and other their Figments) that the Glandules [Page 43] did imbile Superfluous Humidities, like unto Sponges. But to the Neotericks, it seemed af­ter a more attentive Examination of their Structure, that this Simillitude was greatly wide of the Truth; by reason the Glandules are not every where open to the Pores, but are sufficiently cloathed on all sides with a strong Membrane; & therefore they think that nothing entreth into the Glandules, unless it be thither propelled by the Arteries and Nerves.

But the Arteries carry the Humours of every kind to the Glandules, under the Colour of Blood; every of which, by reason of a cer­tain Disposition of the Pores, even as Seives do admit such Particles of the Humours, which in respect of their Magnitude, and Figure, have the greatest Analogy, with the little Pores; in the mean while excluding others, which have with them a lesser Simillitude; which therefore by the name of Blood, are constrained to return to the Heart; from whence, being more exalted in their passage, they are presently driven indiscriminately, by the Pulsifick force thereof, to the Glandules, and other parts of the Body; but, notwith­standing the Particles fitted to the Generation of the Pancreatick Juice, are no where more easily separated than in the Pancreas, no where more serous than in the Reins, no where more commodiously Bilious than in the Liver; & so of the rest: Because there are some parts of the Body which do more commodiously receive this or that Humour into the Pores than others.

[Page 44] Nature hath therefore invented a singular Artifice, whereby it doth so happily absolve so diverse a work, in diverse parts of Animals; which they do less admire, who diligently con­sider with themselves, that the like thing doth necessarily happen in Plants: For, we see va­rious Plants, posited in the same Sand, each to admit a peculiar Juice; which, nevertheless, is so Homo-geneous, that it may contain in it self diverse Particles, as we see in Trees, where­on, by the Industry of Gardeners, divers Fruits do grow; whereas also divers Branch­es or Twigs are grafted into the same Stock; which by reason of the different Constituti­on of their Pores, they admit this, and not that part of the Liquor or Sap, others being excluded, which have a lesser Affinity with their Pores.

The which things being equally gran­ted, we may inferre, that the matter fitted to the generation of the Pancreatick Juice, is separated from the Blood by a certain dispo­sition of the Pancreas; yet not so exactly, but that it may bring divers other Particles with it; as occular Inspection doth ascertain us to hap­pen in the Reins; in which indeed primarily the more Serous Particles of the blood, after the man­ner of Transcolation, are separated from its in­tire Masse; yet, nevertheless, we note those many Saline, Bilious, and other Humours; which are, as it were, snatcht away therewith, by reason of them or those Particles largely abounding in the Body; in like manner as Chy­mistry [Page 45] doth Demonstrate all these things to our Eyes, as clear as the Meridian Light.

The Animal Spirits joyne themselves to the Succus Pancreaticus by a continual Circula­tion, continually separated from the Blood, with which, being joyn'd together by an Ami­cable Connexion, they run into the Intestinum Duodenum. From whence it is Conspicu­ous, that our Pancreatick Juice is not sim­ple, but compounded of divers; this especially, Acid, Aqueous, Saline, and other Particles therein found, adjoyned to the Animal Spi­rits; by whose Volatile Sweetnesse the force of Acids is restrained; whence it happens, that the Pancreatick Juice is Naturally Acidly-Tem­perate.

Some may say, after what manner may the Pancreatick Juice be Acidly Temperate, seeing that in the Precedent Chapter we have said, that it is very often Acidly-salt, and naturally may be said to be such as alwayes, or for the most part, it hap­peneth to be? But, we shall Answer, That perhaps it so happeneth in Dogs onely; because they ought to digest Bones, and other things of a harder Concoction, but in Men we judge there is no such Salsitude existant or required; Because, in Men, that which is Vomited, is either Insipid, or Bitter, or Acid, very rarely, and perhaps never Acid­ly Salt; the which undoubtedly would happen [Page 46] if their Pancreatick Juice were Naturally such.

But being granted, that in men, likewise as in Dogs, it may naturally be Acidly Salt, Whether then will our Hypothesis run? No­whither: Because a Salsitude joyned to it, as hereafter shall be declared, doth no way im­pede its primary Operation.

ALL these things premised, deservedly, who can ask what the Juyce of the Glandules may perform in the bodies of Animals? To whom we shall answer, that the juyce of all the Conglobated is subservient to Sanguification, but the liquor of the Conglomerated is ordain­ed to other uses: For that which is generated in the Maxillary Glandules, and other of the Con­glomerated, placed about the cavity of the mouth, for the most part absolveth the Fermen­tation of Aliments in the Stomach: And that li­quor which is generated or separated in the Conglomerated Glandules of the Pancreas, [Page 47] seems to us to perform far more: Seeing that Nature for the most part so wisely disposeth matters, that one and the same thing may be ac­commodated to many.

But seeing the use thereof is not yet sufficient­ly known, we shall examine what is first effused from it into the thin Intertine, and also happe­neth in the same.

There is a sufficiently large quantity of this Pancreatick juice continually brought to the thin Gut (we remember there hath been col­lected from one Dog, in the space of seven or eight hours, two Drachms, half an Ounce, and from a Mastive an intire Ounce) that it may be continually lifted up, and fermented with the Bile flowing from the ducts of the Liver, to a double or tripple quantity (for as much as we could observe by the benefit of an instrument applied to their passage in­to the intestine in Doggs) being therein car­ried with a certain strugling motion.

That this Effervescency is excited from the acidity of the Pancreatick Juice, and the con­course of the Bile abounding with a fixed and volatile salt, we dare the more freely assert; because hitherto we have seen no example of an acid spirit concurring with a lixiviate salt to happen without an effeverscency sufficiently manifest, so that all impediments were taken away. That both salts are found in the Bile, Chymistry that most excellent and famous Medical instrument of truth doth prove; by the benefit of which we can separate a vola­tile [Page 48] salt effervescing with an acid spirit, and lixivious salt more manifestly absolving the same work. But that the Pancreatick Juice containeth in it self an acidity is manifest by an experiment above-recited; the which, for their sakes who are lovers of truth, and whose belief derogates not from their proper Senses, as in the Academies of diverse Regions, we have performed both publickly and privately, we have declared, not again to be repeated: and it is notably confirmed by an experiment which the most accurate searcher of nature, Floventius Schuyl, in his written Tractate for an­tient Medicine pag. 94. described in these Words:

Also, pag. 157. Writing concerning the Pellicle or Bilar Pore of Horses; ‘I, (saith he) by a double Experience, have found that Pellicle, first of all to be Replenished with a Humour Sub­acid, [Page 49] then with a Bilious Humour, with a Tem­perate Acidity; into which, in like manner, a Humour, a little Sourish, did flow from the Pan­creas, and from thence into the Intestinum Duo­denum.’

It is likewise concluded, That the Pancrea­tick Juice, in Men, hath an Acidity in it, not onely from the like nature of all the Bowels and Contents in Brutes and Men, but dedu­ced also from other Experiments: To wit, by sowr Belchings, without the Assumption of sowr and acid things into the Stomach; and in the Hypoconders forthwith stretched out, or after Rumbling and Noise, first observed in the Belly, presently again breaking out through the Mouth.

Hither also belong those wonderful, and al­most inexplicable Motions, and Agitations per­ceived by the Sick; first of all about the Regi­on of the Loynes, especially after any heavy Affliction of the mind, as anger, terror, Fears, occasioned by the acidity of the Pancreatick Juice, flowing into the thin Gut.

If any one object in the Cases now mentio­ed, that the Pancreatick Juice is evilly dispo­sed, but that naturally in it self it containeth no Acidity, let him declare: Dr. Paisenius, a man joyn'd to us in peculiar Friendship, saith, in his Disputation concerning the Vices of Hu­mours, ‘How may that Juice Preternaturally wax foure, if in the same, the Seeds of Acidity, as we may so call them, were not Prae-existent.’ If we stand by Authorities, no doubt but the Cause [Page 50] will fall: For, Hippocrates de Veteri Med. §. XXIV. against those, openly teacheth, That there is not only in man an Acidity, and that mixed with other things, and therewith so at­tempered, that it is neither Conspicuous nor Hurtful to a man; but also subjoyneth §. XXV. But where the Acidity shall be divi­ded, then it is Conspicuous and Hurtful to man. Hippocrates doth not say, That it is a­risen, but separated: Therefore it is present in the Natural State, although Inconspicu­ous.

Besides Galen teacheth that Melancholy is so made of the Blood, as Must is made of Wine.

But now with what Probabillity may we say, That in Wine, Ale, Milk, and the like Liquors, which left to themselves, without the Addition of any other matter, do grow soure; that the acid parts were not before Existent? What hinders, but that the same thing may also happen in men?

Besides the Reasons and Authorities already brought, we will add the following Experi­ment, which after a wonderful manner doth confirm the natural acidity of the Pancreatick Juice in Men. In the Year 1666. whilst we were resident in the Academy of Andegave, a Shipman, about thirty years of Age; a man of a good Habit of Body, and for as much as we could understand by the Standers by, very Healthful; in his little Vessel, endeavouring to passe under an old Bridge, standing upon the [Page 51] River Moene, with his Mast erected, was by the Bridge, unhappily thrown down, which, falling upon the man, killed him; whose dead Body was immediately brought to the Hospital, where the same being as yet warm, was open­ed by Dr. Crosnier, the Chyrurgion of the same Hospital, and our self; in which we collected the Succus Pancreaticus, which we exhibited to diverse curious Tasts, who judg­ed it to be acid; and for our own part we freely profess never to have found it more gratefully acid in Dogs.

Who is he, these things being rightly conside­red, that doubteth of the Effervescency happening between the Pancreatick Juice, and the Bile rightly Constituted? Yet, lest it should in a­ny part seem deficient, we will set down, in few words, those Primary Objections and Difficulties, both here and in other Countries proposed to us against this Effervescency; the which being cast off, doubts of lesser mo­ment will be ready to fall of their own ac­cord.

The first Difficulty is, That the Pancreatick Juice, as often as it hath been found by us In­sipid, hath not in the least been able to raise an Effervescency with the Bile in the thin Gut. To this Objection we answer, That it doth not follow, that the Pancreatick Juice, sometimes found by us Insipid, should, at that time, have in it no Acidity. Concerning which mat­ter, let them consult Galen De Simp. Med. Fac. Lib. 3. Cap. 13, 14, 15. as also Hippo­crates, [Page 52] in that place before alledged, saying, That in many mixed things, there are Substances of various Qualities by Act, in which, nevertheless, those Substances are not sound. The same is con­firmed by daily Experience, whereby it is evi­dent that diverse Liquors are rendered insipid, whose Effects we allow to consist, partly in a­cid, partly in Lixivious parts; for example, the Spirit of Salt, which is most sharp, may be so dulcified with Spirit of Wine, that no acidity may be perceived in it; yet notwith­standing it failes not to Effervesce, if it be permixed with a Lixivious Salt; so also, in in­finite other things, which appear not acid, by reason of the Acid Particles which are in them, do excite Perceptible Effervescencies both to the Sight and Touch. But we do not abso­lutely deny, but that the Pancreatick Juice may be sometimes generated so Sluggish, as that it may scarcely, indeed not at all ferment with the Bile; but we then judge it to be distempe­red or Sick. Yea, that those Animals in whom it so happens, do sometimes dye by reason of the Non-contingent Effervescency: But this doth not destroy the Natural Efferves­cency.

The Second Difficulty which hath been pro­posed to me, is, that seeing our Bile and Pan­creatick Juice is diluted with the Chyle, they cannot Effervesce: But to this Objection we shall answer; That Oyle of Vitriol, being mingled with Pure water, doth stir up a greater Effervescency with the fileings of Steele, than [Page 53] if it were mingled therwith alone without Water; and which is yet more, if after the said Effervescency hath ceased, if fresh Water be added to it, the Oyle of Vitriol, with the Steele Dust, will ferment again afresh. But that we might have an Experiment which might come nearer to our business, we have taken Cows Milk, as having a very great Affinity with the Chyle, and have poured to it Spirit of Vitriol, mingled with the Lixivious Salt of Tartar, and the Effervescency was presently excited, which continued a great deal longer, than if the Oyle of Vitriol, and Oyle of Tartar per Deliquium, had been mingled without the Milk.

We judge that the long continuance of the Effervescency, ought to be ascribed to the Vis­cidity of the Milk, seeing that daily Experi­ence teacheth us, that Milk, Honey, and o­ther things, may be more, and longer rari­fied, whilst boyling, than Distilled Waters, Spirits, and other the like things, not having a Viscidity.

According to which, in the said Experiment, it is worthy of note, That the Effervescency (perhaps by reason of the Coagulation of the Milk) doth not so well happen, if the Spi­rit of Vitriol be put to the Milk, before the Oyle of Tartar per Deliquium: Hence (with the safe Opinion of the more Learned) a Reason seems to us to be sought into; why commonly, in all Animals, the Ductus Biliari­us, either first, or with the Ductus Pancreaticus, do enter into the Intestine.

[Page 54] From hence may be answered their Difficul­ty, who say, That in some Animals the Di­stance between the Ductus Pancreaticus, and the Ductus Biliatius is too great: It is not ne­cessary, that this Effervescency should al­wayes happen immediately under the Pylorus; but the Matter may be carryed some fingers breadths further, where at length it may fer­ment; namely, when the Pancreatick Juice, with the Diluted Bile, is mixed with the Chyle: because those Animals, in whom so notable a Distance is found, have alwayes (for as much as we have happened to see) very long Intestines; as may be seen in Coines, Hares, and very many other Animals. More­over, neither need it be feared, that our deter­mined Effervescency, by which the profitable parts of the Aliment, are separated from the unprofitable, should happen too slowly; seeing that in those Animals some one Passage or Channel of the Intestines, may be over and a­bove, sufficient to receive the profitable Particles of the Chyle.

The third Thing which we have observed is, That the natural heat of our Hand would more increase that Effervescency, than the artificial Heat of Fire. After the same manner we read in Chymical Books, That the Heat of Horse dung performs many things, which could not be expected from our Artificial Fires, but with the greatest Difficulty.

Which seeing it is so, no man ought to ad­mire, that we are not able to Demonstrate the [Page 55] Effervescency, between the Bile and the Pan­creatick Juice, without our Body, whilst they remain in their Temperate and Natural Estate; because neither artificial Fire, nor the natural heat of our Hand, can stir up such a heat as we know to be excited in the Small Gut, by reason of the Circumjacent Bowels, which are most hot.

But some perhaps, being little content with these Reasons, will say, That to see that natu­rally Effervescency, it behoveth to open a li­ving Dog, seeing that as yet in him the natu­ral Heat is in its Vigour: the which seems to carry something of force with it, with those who consider not that in a Preternatural Dispo­sition of the Body, we cannot know its natu­ral Operation; as also with those who have never moved their Hand to the Work; be­cause those things which happen in the Inte­stines, cannot be seen, unless they be opened, and many Vessels must necessarily be dissected when they are opened, out of which flow such an abundance of Blood, that it is impos­sible (as we have often experienced) to see the desired Effervescency.

Add, that the Succus Pancreaticus cannot af­ter the manner of a rushing Torrent hasten it self into the thin Intestine, because this River flowing as it were from so many Springs and Rivolets, as the Pancreas is environed with Glandules and little branches, doth by a plea­sing course continually slide into its own Chan­nel: So that the cleansed juyce being now ef­fused [Page 56] with the blood, you cannot without a very tedious delay collect a sufficient quantity of the Pancreatick Juyce to be fermented, and which in the mean time will be so altered by the cold Air, that it will be in vain to expect an Effer­vescency perceptible to the sight.

‘For it very much agrees with Vulgar Ob­servation (saith the most learned Willis, Exer­citat. Medico-Physic. de sanguinis incalescen­tia, Fol. 85.) That fermentible Liquors when closed more strickly in the vessel, do most ferment, and presently cease from their Fer­mentation, if the Air be admitted through an opened Hole:’ More-over, Boyles Experi­ments, Experiment. Physico-Mechanicor. 41. 42. 43. do most clearly shew Effervescencies to be excited from the Ebullition of dissimilar par­ticles, or by Corrosion; also the Ebullition of Hot water in a glass Sphere to be wonderfully augmented after the Air is sucked out, and that there are some things which in a space of time, are intended in the Air to a great Vacuity, whose action after the air is drawn out, is pre­sently extinguished: So that without reason they desire that the Effervescency between the Bile, and the Pancreatick Juyce should be mani­fested to the Eye without the Body: For it is plainly ridiculous to be willing to see the Ef­fervescency of those Humours, and to impede the Humours by which they are performed; or not to admit of the preturnal constitution of the Animal, and willing to see those things [Page 57] which are performed in the Bowels of Ani­mals.

If their Pancreatick Juyce who desire this thing, were endued with such an Acrimony as nevertheless being destitute of Natural helps, might ferment with the Bile to the Eye without the Body; with how great pains would not their bowels be tormented, if being helpt by those aids in the body, the Effervescency should be performed; doubtless they would not desire such an aciditie, before they would subscribe to our so often commemorated Fermentation, but in short, would wish for themselves such a Pancreatick Juyce, as we have above deem­ed to raise up therein a Natural Efferves­cency.

Lastly, The third difficulty which hath been proposed to us against the Effervescency be­tween the Bile and the Pancreatick Juyce, is, that the Pancreatick Juyce being acidly salt (as it is ordinarily found in Dogs) ought not to fer­ment with the Bile: Seeing that the acidite thereof, by reason of the Salt therein contain­ed, helping the innervated Liquor will be sub­dued.

But we may easily answer this Objection al­so, by distinguishing Sea-Salts, Fossile-Salts, and others compounded of a Lixiviate-Salt, and Acid-Spirit, from the pure Lixiviate Salts. No man will ever deny, but that the last of Acids doth lose its Force and Energy, and con­sequently hinders its Effervescency. But that which appertaineth to the first, of whose Na­ture [Page 58] we esteem that to be which is in the Suc­cus Pancreaticus; (forasmuch as we can per­ceive by the Tast:) All men will easily grant that that in no wise hindereth the Efferves­cency, of those things, especially, which have an acid Spirit; as for example, that of Vitri­ol, in which was dissolved Sea-Salt, mixed with the Lixivious Salt of Tartar, or Oyle of Tartar per Deliquium.

Yea it is so far from diminishing the Effer­vescency, that it exciteth a greater than other­wise would happen; as Sal Armoniack dis­solved in Oyle of Vitriol, so highly accuates it, that it dissolveth Gold, the which without it could not be done. Hence perhaps it com­meth to pass, that Dogs, which devour Bones, and other Aliments, of difficult Concoction; which cannot be dissolved by an acid Spirit a­lone; for, the most part have their Pancreatick Juice acidly-Salt.

Among those things which we have asserted, concerning the Pancreatick Juice insipid, acid, salt, &c. it is sufficiently manifest, that the diversity observed therein, excludes not the A­cidity thereof; neither destroyes its Efferves­cency, which we have taught to be made in the Thin Gut, without any Interruption.

But we have sometimes observed a pleasant Effervescency of the Bile, with an acid, in the Bile of a Dog, closed up in a Glass Viall, af­ter having poured on about a third part of Spirit of Niter, and keeping it a while in the warme Rayes of the Sun.

[Page 59] But that we may come nearer to the matter, we will declare the Experiments brought by Dr. Schuylius, to demonstrate the Efferves­cency betwen the Bile, and the Pancreatick Juice, in the presence of many Students; in his Treatise Pro Veteri Med. pag. 88.

SEeing then that it is more than sufficiently e­vinced, and granted by Reasons and Ex­periments, that there is an Effervescency be­tween the Bile and the Pancreatick Juice, in the Thin Gutt, and that continually, we will further enquire, what it is in the Sick, what in the Sound, and what Utility it bringeth to Humane Bodies.

In the Sick, we often observe, That this Effervescency, either by its Fretting, and Tor­menting Paines, or else by Heat or Cold, is very troublesome, as some Years since, we knew in our dear Kinsman; who sometimes, for a whole week together, came himself to us, to perceive a cold Ebullition in his Right side, and that in the place where the Intesti­num Duodenum is seated; and the Bile runs together with the Pancreatick Juice; and that afterwards, by the meanes of Medicaments, meanly hot, to be changed into most hot, conti­nuing a Fortnight, and longer.

[Page 62] That both these Effervescencies, viz. Cold and Hot, may be excited, is proved by the Thermometry, most ingenuously contrived by the Learned Swammerdammius, and depicted in his Treatise of Respiration, Page 108. In the depressed part of which Supream Sphear A. if you mingle together Salt of Tartar, and Spi­rit of Vitriol, an Effervescency will presently be excited; and such indeed as will so con­dense, or thicken the Air contained in that Spheare, that the Water, contained in the lower part of this Instrument B, may ascend upward: being a manifest Experiment of Cold, produced by that Effervescency. But, on the contrary, if you mingle Spirit of Tartar with the Spirit of Vitriol, you shall observe, by the Effervescency excited between them, that the Water is depressed; and the more if with those Spirits, you conjyne the Oyle of Turpentine; from whence no man, who is endowed with the lightest Tincture of Philosophy, but will judge, that to proceed from the hot Ef­fervescency, rarifying the Air contained in that Sphear.

Therefore we judge, that in the Sound, that Effervescency happens after a gentle manner, because then there is no Sence thereof: The same thing is to be said concerning the Motion of the Heart, and beating of the Arteries; the which, although they are Continual, are not perceived by those in Health; but when we are evilly disposed, they sometimes manifest them­selves in diverse parts of the Body, especially [Page 63] in Temples, the Pulsation of the Arteries is so manifestly molested, as if they were contused by some hard body. By the same Reason the Moti­on of the Heart, is sometime so vehement, that as it hath been observed by Practitioners, it might in a manner be heard to their Neighbour Houses;Surely this is an Hyperbole. yea it hath sometimes broke the Ribs; as in like manner, we have seen at Leyden, in a Baker's Son, dwelling in the Fish-Market; whose Ribs, by the Vehement Pal­pitation of the Heart, or rather the Convul­sive Motion thereof, were Conspicuously dri­ven outwards; from which Vehement Palpi­pation, it was freed in a short time with Me­dicaments, prescribed by Dr. Sylvius; yet not so, but that the Ribs still remained driven outwards.

But now if any ask unto what end and use this Effervescency between the Bile and the Pan­creatick Juyce, being naturally excited, doth happen? We answer first of all, that it serves to cut, and attenuate the over viscous pituity adhering to the sides of the Gutts, left they being stufft up, the pores of the Venae Lactea should be obstructed, or a passage be denied to the Pancreatick Juyce, and the Bile continual­ly sliding into the Intestinum Duodenum, or also, lest by the too great abundance of Phlegme, the sence of the Intestines might be obtunded, and their peristaltick Motion either be diminish­ed, or abolisht, by help whereof, not only the passages of the parts necessary for the nourish­ing [Page 64] of the body may be facillitated, but also the more grosser Foecies and unprofitable Excre­ments may the more commodiously be separa­ted; which use Gallen hath ascribed to the Bile alone, as not knowing the Pancreatick Juyce, first by us discovered, nor the Effervescency excited between it and the Bile: Therefore he saith in Lib. 5. De usu partium, cap. 4.

The same Office is no less to be ascribed to the Pancreatick Juyce, then to the Bile hereafter to be made conspicuous by the Description of its acid Qualities. Before we go any further in declaring the Effects arising from this Efferves­cency, we will premise some Fermentations, that these things being with all possibility in­spected, it may become the more obvious, what benefit the Intestinal Effervescency bring­eth to the Aliments after their propulsion to the Gutts.

As many as have mingled filings of Steel with Oyl of Sulpher, prepared Per Campanum, or Spirit of Vitriol, having added a sufficient quantity of water, they might observe an Ef­fervescency to be excited after a certain manner by the concourse of those contraries; by help whereof, the laudable parts of the Steel are joyned to the acid Spirits, whilst the rest count­ed as refuse, do partly go to the bottome, and partly like Froth swim or flote upon the Li­quor.

But I think that the more purer parts of the Steel, and those most exactly mixed, are there­fore joyned to the acid Liquor, because they have therewith a more greater affinity, because [Page 66] of which they suffer themselves to be dissolved; but not the other more Impure and less mixed a­mong them, whether they be more Terrene, and therefore seek the bottome, or whether they they be more Oleus, and therefore Superna­tant.

The same, greater or lesser, Affinity of A­cids, with the dissolved Matter, doth further appear, if in the same Liquor more Mettals be successively immitted; First, those which have a lesse; afterwards, those which have a greater Affinity with it: So, when Silver is put into Aqua-Fortis, and so long detained there­in, till it be all dissolved; which Effervescen­cy, is absolved with its Coagent: hence let Copper be put to the afore-said Solution, the Aqua-Fortis will leave the Silver, and begin a new Effervescency with the Copper, whilst that the Silver, being gradually neglected by the Aqua-Fortis, gets to the bottome; which Mutation, by the Chymists, is called by the name of Precipitation.

But if afterwards, you cast Iron to this Solu­tion of Copper, the same thing will again come to pass, and by degrees the Copper will be precipitated to the bottom. Which if again, to the Solution of the Iron, you affuse some Lixivium of Calcind Tartar, Vine Ashes, or the like, the Acid Spirit will joyne it self more strictly to the Solution of that, than of the other Mettalick bodies, and will scarcely suffer it self to be separated from the same.

[Page 67] The Reason of this more straight Union is to be required from the more pure Acid Spi­rit, that is less mixed, and therefore more nar­rowly joynes it self with the said Lixiviate fixed Salt, hitherto also more pure and less mixed, than with the same Salt; but less pure, that is more mixed: So that, here the purity of the contrary Parts ought to be understood by their Affinity.

By reason of this greater Affinity, the Oyle of Tartar prepared per Deliquium, (which is nothing else but the Salt of Tartar, dissolved by the Humidity of Air) when it is in like man­ner poured with the Vitriol into Water, it joy­neth it self to the acid Spirit, existing in the Vitriol, whilst its Sulphureous part, as ha­ving a lesser Affinity with Acidity, by little and little departs, and gets to the bot­tom.

Which being permised we will consider, what things may happen in the Aliments in the Stomach by its Fermentation, and what also befalleth the same; (after the aforementioned Fermentation) in the thin Gut especially, that we may conclude something more certain, and more probable than usual. First, The Stomach, being opened, together with the Guts, seeing that the Aliments, by an absolute Fermentati­on, are wont to be driven from the Stomach to the Intestines, we have observed a notable Change between that which is contained in the Stomach, and that in the Guts: For, that in the Stomach hath had a more grosser, and Vis­cid [Page 68] Consistence, and by the Diversity of the Aliments, and other things assumed, a diverse Colour, and oftentimes less White.

Certainly, this Mutation cannot be derived from any other thing than from the Bile, and Pancreatick Juice: Because those Humours on­ly flow in a large Quantity to the Superiour part of the small Gut, and are admixed with the Aliments.

The Examen of both the afore-said Liquors, doth confirm this our Opinion: For, the Bile, abounding with a Volatile Salt and Oyle, hath a force of Inciding, Attenuating, and making Fluid most things where-with it is permixed, especially such as are pituitous; as Galen also teacheth, Lib. V. De usu Part. Cap. IV. as by the place above quoted may be seen, to which Platerus subscribes, Cap. VIII. concerning the Defect of Hearing by the Repletion of the Eares, whilst he breakth out into these Words:

But the Succus Pancreaticus, being pregnant with a Subacid Spirit, as appeareth by the Precedent Reasons, and Experiments, doth in like manner augment the Viscidity of the [Page 69] Aliments by the Solution of their Fluidi­ty; the which being so as it is more than sufficiently known, we will not delay time, by further proofs concerning the Manner, wherby Acids in the thin Gut, do return to a Liquid, and Fluxile Motion, or other-wise to an Ine [...]t and Pituitous Viscidity; we shall only say that in our Judgement it so happeneth; for as much, as by the Tenuity, and Sharpness of the Parts, stirred up by the Effervescency, the Phlegme is thereby as with Swords, incided, and attenuated into very Minute Parts. That which attaineth a Whitish Colour, then ob­servable in the more Fluid part of the Ali­ments, we think it deducible from the Acidity of the Pancreatick Juice; because we may note, that many other things, abounding with a Lixivious Salt and Oyle, do wax White upon the affusion of Acids: So, that Vinegar or Sharp Wine, being poured upon common Sul­pher, dissolved with any Lixivium, and grown Red, that Reddish Colour is so changed, that it is made almost like to Milk: Wherefore also it is called by the Chymists Lac Sulphuris. The same is apparent in the Resinious Extracts of Vegitables, as also in Spirit of Hart's Horne or Soot, being Replete with much Volatile Salt; with which an Acid Spirit being mixed, acquires a Milky Colour. All those things being rightly considered, we judge, Secondly, That the Effervescency, in the thin Gut is ex­ceeding necessary for the right Separation of the profitable Parts from the unprofitable. But [Page 70] perhaps some, who are altogether wedded to Antiquity, admitting nothing which to them is Novel, because they have read or understood nothing, in the Antients, concerning this our ex­pected Secretion, by Fermentation, will not think that such a preparation is required to se­parate the profitable parts of the Aliment from the unprofitable; but that the alteration which is performed in the Stomach, is sufficient to this purpose; in which, if any thing be wan­ting, it may be Consummated by the Peri­staltick Motion of the Guts; by the help whereof its more Fluid parts are thrust for­ward into the Milky Veines, the Foeces, with the remaining thicker and lesser profitable parts, passing away by the Channel of the Inte­stines.

To the which we deny not, but that some­thing is contributed to this matter both by the said Fermentation and the Peristaltick Mo­tion of the Guts; nevertheless we do not think that any Physitian, unless a Slave to the Antients, amongst all those things which are daily observed in the dissecting of Brute A­nimals, and Medical Practiss; or at least-wise may be observed, will reject this cause proposed by us; If, first of all, he diligently consider, that in the Coeliack Flux the Aliments, sometimes viscid like a Pultiss, and every where alike, and sometimes mixed with a whitish Liquor are purged out.

But this Diversity of Colour happens, by a Contingent, or Non-contingent, Secretion of [Page 71] profitable parts from the unprofitable, by the said Effervescency; which, who can but in vain, At­tribute to expression alone.

Yet we deny not, that by the Fermentation of Aliments alone, rightly performed in the Ven­tricle, something Fluid may, Spontaneously, pass away from the rest of the Aliments more Pul­tatious; nevertheless that is but little, if it be compared with the large quantity of noble Chyle, which is continually strained through the Venae-lacteae, or also from thence swim­ming up in the Caeliack Flux; so that, then the more watery part of the Chyle, freely go­ing forth by the Compression of the Bowels a­lone, is more without Effervescency, than the other which is more white, or, as we may say, more Milky.

In that Spontaneous Separation of the parts wont to happen through Fermentation, the Spiri­tuous indeed first go forth with the Watery, ne­cessary for the Reparation of the Animal spirits: We have an example in the Fermentation of Plants, & other things, abounding with a Volatile Spirit, in which the Spirituous Particles, alwayes expanded, and endeavouring to flee through the Pores of the Stomach and Guts, being loos­ed from their Fetters, rush through the Pores: From whence we are fully perswaded, that af­ter the Assumption of the most Spirituous Ali­ments, a suddain strength is found in men; and although it be Inconspicuous to our Bodily Eyes, that the Spirits, by the same reason, are diffused through the Pores of the Body; ne­vertheless, [Page 72] after a manner, we understand it with the Eyes of our Mind, whilst we see a Stupendious Vertue in some Medicaments ex­ternally applyed: The same thing is often ob­served by Anatomists, when after the Incision of the Peritonaeum, they receive the Foetid Fla­tulencies passing through the Tunicles of the Guts to the Nostrils.

But because the Spirituous and Volatile parts are not sufficient to sustain Life; but, More­over, Acid, Oleous, and Salt parts, are also required; therefore there is need of a new Alteration of things assumed, that those parts, by a decent Copiousness, might be separated from the Superfluous and Unprofitable: Which alteration we call Effervescency, and by help of which, we judge (with our sometimes Fa­mous Professor Francis. de le Boe-Sylvius, from whose Lectures, as well publick as private, we do not deny to have drawn many Fundamentals of this Doctrine) that Secretion to be accom­plished.

We do not only judge by that Effervescency▪ mediateing the more Subtile and Fluid parts of Aliments, but also the Pituity by the help there­of dissolved in the thin Gut, part of which is carryed together, with the better Portion of the Bile, and Succus Pancreaticus, through the Vermiculous crust of the Intestines into the Milky Veines; from hence to the Cisterne or Common Receptacle of the Chyle, and Lym­pha, placed in the Region of the Loynes un­der the Appendices of the Diaphragma; and [Page 73] from thence ascends through the Chyliferus, or more rightly the Lymphatick Ductus, Thoraci­cus, (because it continually carryeth the Lym­pha, and the Chyle, only by Intervals) to the Subclavian, or left Jugular Veine, that from thence it may descend, with the Blood, through the Superiour Trunck of the Vena Cava, de­scending into the right Eare of the Heart, and the right Ventricle thereof. And in the right Ear, and right Ventricle of the Heart, it is confused both with the ascending and descend­ing Blood, and also impregnated with the Pan­creatick Juice, the Bile, Phlegme, and Lym­pha; from whence it acquires a requisite Con­sistency of Blood.

This confirms what we have said; That any thing acid Coagulates all Fatness and Oyle.

But because, on the other side, the afore­said humours have in themselves a force of attempering, we need not fear too great a Consistency of the Blood; so long, as at least they remain in a Laudable and Natural E­state.

But seeing that the more fluid and more pro­fitable parts, as well of the Aliments assumed, as of the three nominated Humours, do go to the Heart; the rest more gross, and less pro­fitable, by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts, gradually without Sense, are driven forwards to the thick Guts, where they are distinguished by the name of Alvinary Foeces. Whether al­so the Exhalations, excited by this Effer­vescency, [Page 74] or even the Juice it self may not af­ford a natural Fermentation in the Stomach, we dare not as yet assert; although some Ani­mals seem to perswade it to us, of both whose Ducts, to wit, the Pancreatick and Bilar, Nature hath determined a passage into the Stomach. We judge this Pancreatick Juice is not onely Subservient to the Functions, already declared, but also by the Sub-acid Spirit with which it is impregnated by the most wise God, we think it to be ordained after a certain manner, to Incrassate, and Inspifate the more fluid Bile, and also to temper its too much Acrimo­ny; This thing is manifest in the Bile by af­fusing any acid Spirits thereto, which present­ly, either more or less, will be thickned, and its more gross part precipitated to the bottom, whilst its Thinner part floats on the top like Phlegme. Hence peradventure Hippocrates, Lib. De Victu Accutorum, Text 29. 8. 9. teach­eth that bitter things are dissolved, and pass in­to Phlegme, that is, They become sluggish whiles they are spread or mixed with an acid, which is not only confirmed by the Authority of the Divine old Gentleman, but also by a daily Ef­fervescency; whereby it is evident that Acids, and Salts, being put into a Conflict amongst themselves, do so infringe their sharp Particles, that they become almost temperate: Wherefore not without Reason Hipp. Aph. I. Sect. VI. hath taught us in the daily Levities of the In­testines, That if an Acid belching should su­pervene, which had not been before, we ought [Page 75] to hope well: For it is a signe that the Pancrea­tick Juice, by its acidy, will, in a short time, at­temper the Acrimony of the Bile.

We have said that the Pancreatick Juice is ordained by Nature, after a sort to incrassate the more Fluid Bile; but it may also so happen that the Bile, by its Acidity, may be rendered more Fluid, viz. when the Viscidity of the Bile dependeth upon the Viscidity of Phlegme; therefore in one respect Acids may render the bile more gross, but in another more Fluid; for Acids do incrassate Fats, and Lixivious Salts.

Among those things which we have now re­cited, it is sufficiently evident, in the Humours naturally constituted in the small Gut, and the Friendly Effervescency of Nature from thence occurring, that many Functions in the Body are rightly performed; which by the said Efferves­cency evilly happening, are wasted, and become Vitious. The verity of which thing, that we may make it more clearly appear, we shall, first of all, declare some Vices which happen in the Substance of the Pancreas. Secondly, We shall adjoyne those things which may befall the Juice thereof.

CErtainly not a few, to whom the Pancrea­tick Juice hath been unknown, have ne­vertheless believed that the Causes of many grievous Diseases lay hid. For, Schenkius in his Exer [...]itatione, Anat VI. Lib. I. Sect. II. Cap. XXI. saith, ‘And there are the Seats (mean­ing the Pancreas, and the Mesentery) of in­numerable and wonderful Diseases; for the searching of which, the age of one man is not suffici­ent. Which thing, being the Scorne of Physitians, also casteth those which are most exercised into a Blushing hue.’

Fernelius also Lib. VI. Pathol. Cap. VII. speaking concerning the Diseases of the Pan­creas and Mesentery, doth affirm and pro­fess, ‘That he hath thought for the most part, these to be the Seats of Choler, Melancholy, Diar­haea, Disenteria, Cachexia, Atrophia, of Lan­guishing, of Light, and Erratick Feavers: Last­ly, the Causes of hidden Diseases; by the driving a­way of which, Health might be restored to the Afflicted.’

[Page 77] And Riolanus, that Egregious Ornament of the University of Lovaine. V. F. Plempius, with other Famous men, also Conversant in Practise, do also think that the cause of inter­mitting Feavers, of Hypocondriack Melan­choly, and other Chronick Diseases, do lurk, or lye hid in the Pancreas. But this business, without all doubt, had been more successfully treated of both by these, and other men of no small Merit in Medicine, had the Pancreatick Juice, with its Generation and Nature, been known to them: Wherefore we shall endea­vour, being excited by their Commendable Examples, to produce something to the Lear­ned World for the Common good, by conside­ring first, By what Diseases the Substance of the Pancreas may be infested. Secondly, By declaring the Primary Vices, which may hap­pen to its Juice. Thirdly, By searching in­to the Functions, which are hurt by its evil Disposition. Fourthly, By investigating the Dis­eases which follow those Functions hurt. Fifthly, and lastly, By delivering the Reme­dies wherewith all of them may be amended. The Diseases wherewith the Substance of the Pancreas is wont to be molested, are Ob­structions, and those which follow them, Tu­mours, Schirous's, Abscess's, Stones, &c. Obstructions may happen to the Pancreas two wayes: First, In the Ductus, when the Pan­creatick Juice cannot freely pass through it, into the Intestines, even as we shall more clear­ly Demonstrate to happen when we shall dis­course [Page 78] of Intermitting Feavers. Secondly, In the Substance of the Pancreas it self, when by any cause, either Internal or External, the Circulation of the Blood through it, is hinde­red; from whence the Parenchyma, by the continual appulse of blood, is puffed up, and swells, unless it be indurated, or by a previous Inflamation goes into an Absees­sus.

Which, that it may be made known to all, we will bring upon the Stage the Observations of several Phisitians, and Anatomists. Riolanus, Anthropog. Lib. 2. Cap. 10. writeth, that he had observed in many people, who were of a Melancholy Nature, and Habit of Body, that the Pancreas equalled the weight of the Liver; and also confirms the same, by the Example of the most Illustrious Augustinus Thuanus; ‘Who, by the Melancholy Habit of Body, did complain for four Years together of a Collick Pain, about the Region of the Colon, with a Sense of a Bur­den, or Weight, at his Stomach, while he stood upright, or walked: But his Hypoconders did not swell: At length being taken with an un­lookt-for Gangreen, from his right Foot sud­dainly to the Superiour parts with Horrible and Direful Pains, in the space of Six Hours ex­pired. His Body being opened, and the Liver taken out, was round like to a Sphare, stuffe with Fat, and trans-fixed with a certain pitui­tous hardned Matter like to Mortar: But the Pancreas, by its Amplitude and Weight, did e­qualize the Liver, wholly Schirhous with many [Page 79] little Knobs, which were filled with the Species of a Pigeons Egg; the Spleen was so wasted that it scarce weighed an Ounce.’

For which reason, some have called the Pan­creas, the Vicar or Supply of the Spleen; not considering that this Diversity might happen to other parts also; and likewise in Doggs, after the Extirpation of the Spleen, the Substance of the Pancreas did in no wise grow into a grea­ter weight; which, according to them, ought to happen, if the Pancreas supplyed the Office of the Spleen.

Aubertus relates a story of an Abscessus Pro­gym. ad lib. abdit. Fernelij Exercit. 44. of a certain Merchant of Lyons, which could never sleep, and when he endeavoured to sleep, he fell into a Lipothymie, and cold sweat of the whole Body, till at length he dyed. His Body being opened there was only found a putrid Abscessus in the Pancreas; the Stomach and o­ther principal parts being safe. Guilh. Fabric. Hildanus. Cent. 1. Observ. 71. also relates, that he, in a certain Carpenter, who for the space of two years, by Intervals, was griev­ed with divers Diseases, laboured under Ob­structions, and Cachexy: Found in his dead Body, among other things, a Schirhous Tu­mour, suppurated like unto a Collection of Fat, under the skin, about the bigness of two Fists; having its rise from the Inferiour part of the Pancreas, which inclosed the Intesti­num Duodenum; so that, being covered with the Peritonaeum, it also resembled another Ven­tricle.

[Page 80] You may read of a Cancerous Ulcer of the Pancreas, most worthy of note, in the Curi­ous Miscellanies Medico-phys, of the Germans, (which as in the year 1670. by great Dilli­gence, they began to bring to Light: So we altogether desire that the great God, for Com­mon benefit, may prosper their Endeavours:) Observ. 99. where Dr. J. Fera. Hert. à Tot­tenfeld adjoyns these following things, which they found in the Cavity of the Thorax in a certain Chyrurgion after Death.

We add more-over, that which the most Fa­mous Highmore, Corp. Hum. Disq. Anat. lib. I. part II. writeth that he observed, ‘In a Noble Woman, which being Antient, laboured with Convulsions, Epilepsie, and the Hysterick Passion; and at length, after Exquisite Paines [Page 81] and Torments, changed Life with Death; in whose dead Body, being opened, we found the Pancreas onely evilly affected and exulcera­ted.’

They which desire more Examples of Exul­ceration, let them read Barthol. Hist. Johan. Dan. Horstij Observ. Anatom Salmuth, Tulpi­um, Blasij Comm. in Synt. Anat. Vesting▪ and others. That this Pancreas had obtained a stony hardness, in an Antient Roman. Wo­man, is witnessed by Dr. Panarol; as is like­wise to be seen in Dr. Blasius, in his Com­mentaries, even now cited page 40. In like manner, in the Year 1667. the following Hi­story was Communicated to us at Paris, Bona fide, by Dr. Gajen, a Chyrurgion, and Fa­mous Anatomist, by him before observed:

A Noble Man, aged about thirty, being Melancholy, was Obnoxious to Catthars, by the intemperate use of Wine, and Fruits; con­tinually assumed, fell into a Vomiting, and Di­arhaea, whereby after some space, there fol­lowed a Flux of Blood; from whence, more and more failing in Strength, the Tenth day he Changed Life with Death. His body be­ing opened, he found in the Pancreas, about the end of the Ductus Pancreaticus going into the Intestines, seven or eight Stones, having the bigness of the largest Pease; some of which being given us by himself, we keep among our Rarities.

Nevertheless, this Observation to us, seem­ed not so wonderful, who believe that Stones [Page 82] are generated in all the Glandules of the Body, especially in the pineal Glandule: because in it we have more than twenty times observed Stones in men, extinguished either by a gentle Disease, or a violent Death; which thing happens more frequently in France, than in Holland; a more profitable account whereof, we do not see, than that the Anima of the French, as by Nature more Volatile, may be bound to a more firm Residence in their Bo­dies.

We have also found in a certain Dog, in that part of the Ductus Pancreaticus, where the Ascending concurs with the Descending, and is only simple; a Cartilagineous Excres­cency, about the Ductus and its end, which like a Nipple, did hang out into the Intestine, to the bigness of a Finger, in the middle where­of a sufficient passage was afforded to the slid­ing Pancreatick Juice. Riolanus l. c. found the whole Pancreas hardned like a Carti­lage.

We might be able to inferr many Diseases of the Pancreas, were it not already sufficiently evident by what hath been said, That the Pancre­as also may be afflicted with common Diseases; neither that its evil Constitution followeth the affections of the Liver or Spleen: For, some­times the other Bowels being unhurt, the Pancreas alone, hath been the cause of Death, for Reasons (already) sufficiently alleadg­ed.

[Page 83] For which reason, it is manifest that the Pan­creas is necessary to Life, which is also con­firmed by an Experiment made by us at Paris, in the Year 1667. when in the House of Dr. Bourdelot, where, every Monday, the most Curious of Physitians and Phylosophers did meet, we had for three Months together ex­posed this little Book, in the French Tongue, to publick Examination, some being led by Spe­culation alone, asserted that▪ Animals might live no less without the Pancreas, than the Spleen: For which cause, before all that Com­pany, we extirpated the Spleen, and also most exactly the Pancreas, of a certain Dog: The Abdomen again being closed, Dr. Bourde­lot commanded his Servants to keep the Dog most diligently, who, notwithstanding all their Dilligence, in a short time Dy­ed.

Those Vices being declared, which some­times befall the Substance of the Pancreas, we shall proceed to those things which may hap­pen to its juice; from whence, not a few Na­tural Functions depending upon its Natural Disposition, are wasted and hurt. First of all; The Pancreatick Juice offendeth when it is more sparingly effused into the thin Gut, which sometimes comes to pass by the more sparing Generation, or Separation thereof in the Pancreas; or when there is an Obstruction in one or more of its lateral Branches; because, for a time the Juice is therein stagnated, till at length the Obstruction is opened.

[Page 84] It is more sparingly generated, when the Matter thereof is more or less deficient in the blood, and not being restored with conve­nient Aliments; or when the same is carryed off another way; or when it is more strictly conjoyned with the blood, that it cannot be suf­ficiently separated from it. One or more of the Ducts of the Pancreas are obstructed by a pituitous, and viscid Matter, together with the Matter of the Pancreatick Juice, separated in the Pancreas, and translated into, and detained in those Ducts.

Secondly, The Pancreatick Juyce doth also offend, when it is carryed into the Intestines in greater plenty, whether it be generated more Copiously, or for a time being de­tained by Stagnation, in one or more of the Laterall Ducts, is then more plentifully Effused, when the Obstruction is Dissol­ved.

It is generated more plentifully by reason of the Liberal use of acid Aliments, or at least of Condited Acids; for example, soure Wine, Vinegar, Pomecitrons, &c. as also, by reason of some Vice of the Glandules, by which the Separation of that juice, from the blood is promoted; as also, sometimes perhaps, be­cause of more larger Vessels tending into the Pancreas, and as is usual, affording a larger Matter to the juyce.

Thirdly, When it flows inequally into the thin Gut, that is, at one time more abundantly, at another more sparingly: Which, first of all, [Page 85] pens by an Obstruction of one or more of the Lateral Ducts, which continuing, nothing floweth out from them; and therefore a more sparing juyce is then effused into the whole:

By the said Obstruction, any way removed, presently that which was stagnant in the middle Duct, together with the rest of the juice, is effused into the thin Gut; from whence, on the contrary, the Excretion of the Pancreatick juice is then more plentiful.

That such an Obstruction may sometimes hap­pen in the Lateral Ducts of the Pancreas, Rea­son doth perswade, and Experience it self con­firmeth, even as we shall more clearly evince in the following Discourse of Intermitting Fea­vours.

Fourthly, It offendeth when it is more Fluid and Liquid, than Natural: which happeneth by reason of such blood, or animal Spirits, more Copiously mixed there-with.

Fifthly, It offendeth, when on the contrary it is more Viscid; by reason of the Blood, likewise Viscid, and abounding with much pi­tuity.

Sixthly, The said Pancreatick juyce of­fends; when the Natural Relish thereof is changed:

Whence it is one while less acid, another while more acid; one while salt, another while austere; sometimes of a simple Tast, or else Compounded of those before-named.

[Page 86] The Nominated Juice is less acid, either be­beause of the animal Spirits, more plentifully carried to the Pancreas, or for want of acidity in the Blood; whether it may come to pass, by reason of assuming things unfit to repair the a­cidity taken away, or by the use of such things as infringe, concentrate, obtund, or extinguish acidity.

The acidity of the Pancreatick Juice aug­mented, for the most part, is to be ascribed to the Redundancy of acid Humours in the Body; sometimes to the Impedited Afflux of the Animal Spirits to the Pancreas; at least-wise, to that part of the Juyce which is stagnant in the Lateral Ducts; or other-wise, perhaps, by reason of the Animal Spirits, be­ing Exhausted. An acid Humour is wont to abound in the Body, for the most part, from assumed Aliments, Sauces, or Medicaments, which are sharp, with sharp Wines, such as for the most part is Renish, Mosellanous, &c. as also, because of a more Cold Air, and North Wind, Sorrow of Mind though not over much, &c. The motion of the Animal Spirits, to the Pancreas, is impedited, when the Animal Spirits are defective; or being more dull or slow throughout the whole Body; also, when the Nerves are obstructed, dissecated, or com­pressed.

The Succus Pancreaticus is made Salt by a Marine, or Fossile Salsitude, in like manner, because of the Serosity of the Blood likewise Salt; perhaps by a like Fault of the Glandules [Page 87] concurring; for which reason, the Secretion of the Saline parts from the Acid, cannot be absolved: For, our common Salt consisteth of two parts, to wit, a Lixivious Salt, and an A­cid Spirit joyned together. The austerity of the Pancreatick Juice seemeth to us, to be de­duced from the more gross, or Terrene Par­ticles, with which its acid Particles are invol­ved; which appeareth, not only in Fruits, be­ing first soure, afterwards, when by the gentle Heat of the Sun, they are Ripened, they are made a little more acid; and at length, when the more gross Particles thereof, by the Agita­tion of Heat, are more exalted, they become Sweet.

But moreover it is manifest, that those things which are sower, it is by their Syncrisis and Diacrisis: So D. Paisenus hath noted in Thesi. XXI. C. that the juyce of Ribes, being powred to Coral of a grateful acid, becomes austere. Vitriol and Allum distilled, yield an acid Spirit: Likewise an acid Spirit may be di­stilled from sealed Earths, Bole Armeniack, and the like; but how Bole Armen. may by the help of Nitre and other things, be made more astrin­gent, is to be seen in Le Febre, in his French Edi­tion. Page 649.

HAving declared the more grievous Vices wherewith the Pancreas and its Juyce are wont to be affected, every man may see, that from that Fountain very many Incommodities to Mortals do proceed; all which things, seeing we have proposed to handle them in order, we shall first judge of those which pro­ceed from the Pancreas it self, by subjoyn­ing those things which are wont to flow from its juyce.

If the Pancreas acquire a Schirrous substance resembling Stones, and also weighty in the place where it should defend the Sanguinous Vessels, as some would have it, lest they should be hurt by the Vertaebrae, or other parts, it will greatly afflict them by Compression, and will hinder the circular motion of the Blood, from whence divers Distentions, Inflammations, Ob­structions, and other things arise, and spring up, fit to impedite the Common use of the Bowels. Besides also by its weight, it will not a little hinder the Stomach from performing its Office by compressing it; but when it is inflam­ed, [Page 89] or Aposthumated, for the most part it will cause the same Incommodities with the other Bowels, being afflicted with the same Vice. But some may say, if such grievous Effects happen to the Pancreas, how can the use there­of be so necessary, and how do we hitherto live so long with them? Then may we also demand how those men may live, to whose Brain, Heart, Liver, and other bowels necessary to Life, the same, or the like things happen, and we shall further enquire of them, by what rea­son such may live well or ill? The Histories a­bove do certainly testifie, that such live a mi­serable life, and when the Evil shall be in­creased, those also for no other Cause have changed Life for Death: So that from that part can nothing be infer'd against our Hypo­thesis.

Having unfolded the Incommodities arising from the Parenchyma of the Pancreas it self, it remaineth, that we also run through the fun­ctious Hurt, which the evil Qualities, or Vi­ces of the Pancreatick Juyce, or other Hu­mours existing in the thin Gutt, do draw after them.

Therefore the Pancreatick Juyce being dri­ven to the Intestines in a lesser quantity, will not sufficiently free the Gutts from the superflu­ous Humidity in them, and so will occasion ma­ny Obstructions, as the Learned R. Lower, who judgeth this juyce to be ordained by Na­ture to cleanse the Chyle; he writeth in his Treatise of the Heart, Chap. 5. page 215. that [Page 90] by the defect thereof, he hath observed Ob­structions of the Venae Lacteae, in these very words.

Neither also will it sufficiently promote the Natural, and due Separation of the Chyle from the Excrements, and that especially if the Ali­ments be more dry, or of a more difficult Fer­mentation: Hence necessarily follows a dimini­shed Nutrition of the whole body, as also a uni­versal Languishing; so that, such may rather be said to draw Life, than to live. But the Pan­creatick Juice, being separated in a larger quantity; and brought to the Intestines, will, as it were, pare off, not only their superfluous Pituity, but also that necessary part which should defend them from Injuries like a Curry-Comb; and besides, it will separate more than it ought, from the assumed Aliments, so [Page 91] that, sometimes the unprofitable, and excre­mentitious parts, together with the profitable, may be conveyed to the Mass of Blood; some­times only the profitable Parts, but in a larger quantity than they should, may be carryed by the same wayes: From whence, if here we say a Pethora will happen, and thence a Caco­chymy, Who can overthrow our Assertions? More-over, we think that the Lancionations, in the left Hypocondria, first molested by courses, do proceed from too great a quantity of the Bile and Pancreatick Juyce, separated from the Blood, by a more vehement Motion of the Body, and the stirring up a greater Efferves­cency.

For, it is most certain, that Running, or any other vehement Exercise of the Body, doth accelerate the Motion of the Blood, through the whole Body; which, seeing it is the cause of the Separation of these or other Humours, then it is also necessary, that those Humours be deposited into the Guts in a greater plenty; which, being separated in a Natural Quantity, and Quality, if, as we have already proved, they may excite a natural and friendly Effer­vescency to Nature, may not the contrary hap­pen when they are otherwise disposed by exci­ting an Effervescency, greater, and trouble­some to Nature? After a wonderful manner doth that place confirm this our Opinion, in which those paines are perceived by course, and very ordinarily, though unjustly, are ascribed to the Spleen; because the Spleen is not in that [Page 92] place, where those pains do in us excite a Mo­lestation, but hath its seat more down-wards; because in that place those paines do manifest themselves in the Anteriour part of the Hy­pocondria, where the thin Gut M, emerging under the Mesentery N, doth lye by the Peri­tonaeum, as is to be seen in the first Table, where we have Delineated to the Life the Sci­tuation of that Intestine.

The inequal separation of the Succus Pan­creaticus, and propulsion thereof, to the In­testines, produceth various Mutations in the Guts, and else-where, concerning the suddain Happening of which, no man will ever assigne a fit Reason, who will not give heed to those things. Hence we think to be deduced the suddain Deliquiums of the Wind sometimes advening, erratick Feavers, intermitious of Pul­ses, &c.

The Pancreatick Juice being more fluid, will more dilute the Pituity of the Guts, and per­haps sometimes occasion the Flux of the Belly; especially if it be conjoyned with a Salsitude, by whose acrimony the Guts are provoked to their Contraction; and unless that Flux of the Belly follow the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts, it will necessarily express a greater Quantity of Chyle into the Venae Lacteae, from whence the same incommodities will arise, which we have deduced from the Pancrea­tick Juyce, separated in too large a Quan­tity.

[Page 93] The more Viscid Pancreatick Juice concre­ting by the least external Cold, will occasion Obstructions, as also intermitting Feavers, and likewise astringe the Belly. Concerning the sensible Qualities, and first of the Rellish, there is sometimes produced a Pancreatick juyce less acid; from whence there is nei­ther a due Effervescency in the Duodenum, and therefore not a necessary Separation of the profitable parts from the unprofitable, nor a desired Consistency bestowed on the Blood: and therefore they, in whom such Blood is, have been less able to resist Pestilential Venom, than those in whom, by the laudable Acidity of their Pancreatick Juice, have also a more Laudable and greater Consistency of their Blood. Hence the reason is also clear, Why Melancholly Men are less afflicted with the Plague, than those who are endued with a Bili­ous blood.

For we think that no man may be infected with the Plague, so long as the Natural con­sistency of his blood is preserved: We assert this the more freely, because we see the blood in all persons infected with the Plague to be al­tered, and obtain a far more fluid consistency: So that if sometimes by chance, Negligence, Ignorance, or any other urging Cause; as for example, too great a Plethory, spitting of blood bringing a present danger to Life, let a Vein be opened, the blood flowing out although refrigerated; nevertheless, is in no wise coagu­lated, neither can it acquire a due consistency, [Page 94] even as sometimes is wont to happen to the ani­mal Spirits, being loosed from their Fetters, and dissipated from the acidity existing in the blood, wherefore also such a blood by divers Practitio­ners is called putrid.

We commonly say, because it may so happen, that the whole Mass of blood, not as yet equally infected, the laudible part of the blood in the cutting of a Vein, may only flow out, the blood remaining in the body being depraved; the which thing Practitioners daily observe to hap­pen in Venae-Section; we do not only think with other Practitioners, that the blood remains fluid, without the bodies of those who are in­fected with the Plague; but do also affirm the like fluidity in the bodies of those extinguished by the Pest, as we have learned by Experience, which perhaps may seem strange to those who know not the Nature of volatile Salts, but not so to us, who have very often mingled it with the blood, and the blood always remained fluid, the which cannot be certainly expected from the commixture of any other thing, with the blood, then volatile Salts.

But on the contrary, if you mingle any acid Spirit with the Blood Dictum Factum, the Blood will be more or less Coagulated, ac­cording as that Spirit shall be more or less A­cid; as for example, if to try the Experi­ment, we take Oyle of Vitriol, Oyle of Sul­phur per Campanum, Aqua Fortis, Aqua Re­gia, &c. Besides, that the Blood will present­ly be Coagulated by them, it also acquires a [Page 95] Ches-Nut Colour. But if we take the Dul­cid Spirit of Salt, Juice of Lammons, Distil­led Vinegar or the like, whose acid Spirit is more Temperate, the Blood will only acquire the Consistency of a grosser Syrup, with its red Colour remaining unhurt.

From whence it is evident, the use of Acids may preserve men from the Plague, not, as ac­cording to the Opinion of many Authors, that they cut and attenuate; but as they preserve the natural Consistency of the Blood, and do hinder its being infected, with a more sharp Volatile Salt, which we, together with the Air, suck into our Bodies: For this cause, the most Famous Dr. Sylvius, who likewise hath Constituted the Venom of the Plague, in a more sharp Volatile Salt; when, some Years since, in the great Plague at Amsterdam, which he fore-saw, he took a Crust of Bread, imbrued with white-Wine-Vinegar, in which Mary-Golds had likewise been steeped; by which Alexipharmack he so well preserved him­self, that he never was infected with the Pe­stilential Venome. But when, through too much hast, he omitted the said Alexipharmack, as soon as he entred into an infected House, he was infected with a pain in the Head; from which, at other times, he was free.

Which things being rightly considered, eve­ry one may see that the Pestilent Venome is not indued with any force of Coagulating, as the most Learned Willis hath stated it, in his Trea­tise of Feavers, C. 13. But seeing that Dr. De­la-Font [Page 96] hath sufficiently cleared this to all Op­posers, in his Discourse concerning the Pesti­lent Venome, Chap. VIII.

We shall not spend any more time, either to the Reader, or our selves, but wave the fur­ther Disquisition of those things; because it is (besides) our purpose in this Treatise, accu­rately, to describe the Pestilence: Wherefore we will leave the rest to a further Occasion, seeing it is time that we return to the Incommo­dities flowing from the more Acid Pancreatick Juyce.

The Pancreatick Juyce, being more sharp, is the cause, first, of every Internal Cold, be­ing first of all felt in the Region of the Loyns, and afterwards dispersed into the whole Body; as for the most part, we observe in the begin­ning of the Fits of Agues, or Intermitting Fea­vers. Secondly, Of all Cutting paines, as well in the Hypocondria's, and whole Belly, as in other parts of the Body. Thirdly, Of all manifest paines in the Belly, from whence the Sick is sometimes tormented after a won­derful manner. Wherefore we deduce all the black and aeruginous Bile from the same, more Acid, Pancreatick Juyce: Because sometimes being put into a Pewter Chamber Pot, or Brass Bason, they Corrode the same, and send forth a sharp Savour; and also excite a mani­fest Effervescency; which every man, who hath saluted but the threshold of Chymistry, knows, cannot happen from any thing but A­cids: From whence, they may be compelled to [Page 97] confess their Errour; who affirm, That all black Choler, proceeding from Vomit­ting, or Dejection of the Belly, comes from the Follicles of the Gall, or the Spleen.

All these things are not a little confirmed, by the following Experiment, sometimes made by us in a Dog; in the Section of whom, be­ing alive, having opened the Duodenum, we found a greenish Liquor among the black, such as the Antients have depicted to us for Atrabi­lis: that we might pursue a more Intimate cognition thereof, we examined diligently all the wayes through which any thing might be trans­fer'd to that Intestine; and seeing that besides the Bilar Duct, the Pancreatick, and the Ventrile, there was no way perceptible to the sight, through which any notable Quantity of Humors might be afforded to the Intestines; we judge therefore, that in one of those, the matter thereof must be obscured: Wherefore we exa­mined all those wayes; in the first whereof, we found the Bile, naturally Constituted, that waxing Yellow from a Green: In the second we found the Pancreatick Juyce most limpid, like to Distilled Water: In the third we found the Aliments half crude, having the Colour of White Ashes.

Seeing therefore that neither the Liver, nor the Pancreas, nor also the Stomach, carryed that Atrabilis to the Intestine, we began to sus­pect whether that Atrabilis might not emerge by the Union of two or three of those Hu­mours, being mingled together by course: [Page 98] Concerning which thing, that we might attain to a greater Certainty, we affused Spirit of Vitriol to the Bile, drawn forth from its Ve­sicle, and placed it in the heat of the Sun; from whence there was commonly excited from the Black, a Greenish Liquor, such as we first found in the Duodenum: Hence we con­cluded the said Humour, called Atrabilis, not to flow from this, or that part, but to be ge­nerated in the Duodenum. Namely, as the Natural Colour of the Bile hath been transmitted into Black, and Green, by the Concourse of the more Acid Pancreatick Juyce.

Seeing that the Pancreatick Juyce, by the ordinary Law of Nature, may continually be mingled with the Bile, and the Intestinal Pi­tuity, we will a little propose the same, as joyn'd with those Humours. If it chanceth that the more sluggish Pancreatick Juyce, bounds with a sharper Bile, and the Intestinal Pituity rightly Constituted, the strength of the Pancreatick Juyce, in that Concourse, will be altogether infringed; and the Exhalations, which are excited by the Effervescency of those Humours, will ascend, not so much with Acid, as Lixivious Particles; which, when they reach to the Stomach, by infringing its Fermenta­tion, they will hinder the Concoction of the Aliment, and destroy the Appetite: but if it happen that those Exhalations ascend to the Jaws, there, amongst other Incommodities, they will induce a Dryness of the Mouth, espe­cially [Page 99] if they infect the Spittle with their Salsi­tude: But if they proceed further, through the Milky Veines to the Heart, from whence, with the blood, they may pass through the o­ther parts of the body, they will also produce a Heat in those, as at first in the Intestines; and there more troublesome, where those Exhalati­ons are most sharp.

If a more sharp Pancreatick Juyce concurreth with a sharper Bile, there will presently be a mighty Effervescency excited in the Duodenum, whereby the Intestines are sometimes so di­stended, that they threaten a Ruption; which thing we have very often observed, whilst we applyed our selves to our Study in Leyden, whilst we mixed together divers Liquors sit for Fer­mentation in two little Vessels, in part of the Intestine intercepted by Ligatures, (even as D. Schuyl hath expressed it, Fig. B. in his Treatise, De veteri Medicina) wherefore we judge, in the first instant Emission of those sharp Exhalations which way soever turn'd about, that, that Effer­vescency will excite very many grievous Incom­modities; many whereof will also presently cease by the Dissipation of those Exhalations, because either Humour being enervated after that Intestinal Conflict layes down its force, and ceaseth from further contention; for in such an Effervescency the acid Particles are so joyned with the Saline, that without great difficulty they are never to be separated; wherefore as unworthy they are expelled from the body for Atra-bilis, if the acid over-grow the Salt, and [Page 100] get Dominion; in the mean time, they most miserably afflict the body, no otherwise than as Hostile Souldiers, the place through which they pass, by Eroding, and Ulcerating, &c. From whence Fluxes of the belly, Vomitings, Te­nesmus, Dysenteries, and six Hundred other Incommodities springing from the Atra-bilis will proceed, and those the more grievous, or more gentle, as the acidity of the Pancreatick juyce shall remain more or less, intemperate af­ter the said Conflict.

If besides the Bile, and the Pancreatick juyce offending even now spoken of, much Phlegme sticks in the Gutts, and if the same phlegme be viscous, by reason of the Incommodities already declared, there will happen Flatulencies, the force and energy of which, whereby they are obnoxious to men, he that desireth to be in­formed, let him read J. Fiennus, and others, who have professedly Written of Flatulen­cies.

If a sharper Pancreatick Juyce concurs with a more sluggish Bile, it will not excite so mani­fest an Effervescency, but by its Acrimony will stir up wringings of the Gutts, Erosions, &c. but if being more intemperate, passing through the little Channels of the Lactean Veins, it toucheth the first and last residence of life, it will produce the Auxiety of the Heart, Syn­cope, and many other Incommodities hereafter recited, whose symptoms will be of larger con­tinuance than those which we have deemed to arise from Exhalations, and from thence a grea­ter [Page 101] Intemperance of the Pancreatick Juyce may be feared, when the Bile, wherewith it is wont to be attempred, is sluggish and insipid, as the most learned Glisson, amongst other things writ­eth, that he hath observed in his Anatomy of the Liver, at the end of the 39. Chapter, where he saith: ‘There was with us a Woman Cachectick, in whose Biliar Vesicle we found a serous Humour a little pale, little bitter, or rather insipid, but next to a sweetness.’

The like to which we have also observed in the Icterick, or those Afflicted with the Jaun­dies, in the Year 1664. being Dissected by the famous Sylvius, in the Hospital of Leyden, whose Bile, whilst we more accurately examin­ed, in the House of D. Elsner, in the presence of D. Kohnius, we found it plainly serous, and so little indued with a Yellow colour, that a Linnen Rag being put into it, would scarcely be tinged with any Yellowness, and to the Tongue exhibited little or nothing of Amari­tude.

EVen as from the Vitiation of the Pancrea­tick Juyce, we have shewed that divers Functions are hurt; so from the same Fountain do we judge that various Effects may be deri­ved: Amongst which we shall deservedly assigne the first and chiefest place to all Agues, and in­termitting Feavours, because we judge the Ac­cesses thereof to be ascribed to the Pancreatick Juyce, being stagnant in one or more of the la­teral Ducts, by reason of an Obstruction made by Phlegme, and by reason of the force of the Acrimony increased, one while sooner, another while later, prepareth a passage for it self through the obstructing Pituity, then causing a vicious Effervescency in the Duodenum, and being translated to the Heart, produceth a pre­ternatural pulse.

Which Opinion, seeing that hitherto it hath been known to few, to avoid confusion in the end of this little Book, we have set a part an entire Chapter, wherein we will treat of inter­mitting Feavers, to which we send the Reader, whilst in the mean time, we go forward to the o­ther [Page 103] Diseases, springing from this more intem­perate juyce.

It seems probable to us, that the cause of the Arthritis (or Gout) derives its original from the said acid Pancreatick Juyce; namely, when its ele­vated acidity, either with Phlegme, or the Serum of the blood is carried to the joynts, and lyeth in them; the symptoms also concurring, seems to perswade the same thing to us; for those pains for the most part are wont both to invade, and be exasperated with a Paroxysme of a Feaver, but according to the diverse man­ner, wherewith the Bile and the intestinal Pituity are affected; so those paines of the Joynts do also manifest themselves after a di­verse Mode, with the rest of the concomitant Symptoms.

The same thing is testified by the Urine, which once for curiosity sake, we tasted with Doctor Roosendael, in which we found a notable Acidi­ty. We have also observed (which seems not a little to confirm this our Opinion) in these Regions, that Wine, especially Renish, is exceedingly adverse to those who are ob­noxious to this Distemper; the which we judge to happen from the same, because that Wine contains in it a greater acidity than other Wines.

That this more acid Pancreatick Juyce doth increase Hunger, and stir up and insatiable, and Dog-like Appetite; few hereafter will doubt, who have considered diligently, that the Pan­creatick Juyce, and the sharp Exhalations [Page 104] thereof do ascend even into the Stomach, as is manifest by the Sower Belchings, vio­lently breaking forth, and sometimes by the Vomiting forth of Humours, more or less acid.

If they say that that juyce which is effused into the Intestine, the breadth of four Fingers below the Pylorus, cannot ascend through the Pylorus into the Stomach, it being naturally shut; we may also ask how the Bile (which by all is granted) may ascend to the Stomach, which issueth into the Intestine by the same pas­sage: If they say it comes to pass by the in verted peristaltick Motion of the Intestines, we then say, that by the same Motion, the Pancreatick Juyce may also ascend, to which we shall adde that Exhalations do far more easily ascend into the Stomach than the Hu­mours.

More acid Exhalations being excited, from the Pancreatick Juyce, through its Efferves­cency, and altogether with Flatulencies, car­ryed through the Venae Lactae to the Heart, and from thence to the Lungs, and there sticking, do not only cause a difficult Respiration, but also a dry Cough; the Confirmation of which, we have not only seen in the Hospital of Ley­den, but else-where: For, in the diffecting of Dead Bodies, we have often found the Paren­chyma of the Lungs, and its Vessels, as yet di­stended with Wind. If a Viscid Pituity ac­companies those Windy Exhalations, and be detained in the Lungs, what doth it then pro­duce [Page 105] but the Species of an Asthma? But if those Exhalations, and Flatulencies, do tend further to the Head, the paines thereof will produce Alienation of the Mind, and some­times infinite other Discommodities; every man may believe, That the Epileptick Invasions of Children, which they call Stuy­piens, i. e. the Dutch. doth proceed from the said, more Acid, Pancreatick Juyce, who hath accurately attended to those In­vasions, and the Symptomes accompanying them, and the way of Cure: For, besides that Acidity, which doth very often breath through the Mouth, they suffer the Gripings of the Belly; the Milk may likewise be perceived to be concreted, both upwards, and down­wards; the Excrements of the belly are more Green, and give forth a sharp Odour: they are also cured by the tempering of Acidity: as for Example, with Aqua Feniculi, Aqua Lilliorū Conuallium, Spir. Salis Armoniaci, &c.

The same, more Acid, Pancratick Juyce, car­ryed to the blood, through the Lactean Veines, will give it a greater Consistency; whence the Blood, less Rarifying, will produce a lesser Pulse: From which, Vice highly exceeding, we judge a Syncope, sometimes to be produced, which is not a little confirmed by that Example which Lazarus Riverius relates in Lib. VIII. Fol. 358. of his Practice concerning that Syn­cope, which P. Salius, as he reports, Lib. De Afect. Practic. Cap. IV. observed in a Girle [Page 106] of 14 Years of Age: Who, after a dayes suffering of Heaviness of the Head, Vertigo, and grievous Anxieties, the day following sud­dainly dyed: Afterwards her Body being dif­fected, the whole blood in the great Artery and the Vena Cava appeared to be Concreted, and so changed that it might intirely be drawn out from the Vein, and Artery, even as a Sword out of its Scabbard.

Concerning which thing, if any doubt, either by ours, or others Examples, let him take an acid Liquor, and pour it, by degrees, into the Vein of any Living Dog, and he shall not on­ly observe the Blood, therein, to be so Coa­gulated, and Concreted, that the greater bloody Vessels may be transversly cut, without the Effusion of the blood; but also when the acid Liquor shall come, in a notable Quantity, to the right Ventricle of the Heart, that it will pre­sently extinguish, and kill the Dog. Also, no man will deny, that Convulsions, for the most part, proceed from an Internal Cause, from the Acrimony of Humours, irritating the Nerves, and causing, by a greater Influx of the animal Spirits, into the Muscles, Involuntary, and also Violent Motions: But when there is a two fold Acrimony of Humours, viz. Acid, and Salt, some perhaps may doubt, which of these do most frequently produce those Con­vulsive Motions: But, for as much as we can observe, they rather proceed from an acid A­crimony, than a Salt: because we see that A­romatick Medicaments, and those abounding [Page 107] with a Volatile Salt, do very much conduce to their Cure; which would never come to pass, if they drew their Original from a Sa­line Acrimony. Besides, they are accompany­ed with such Symptomes, which are wont to be the Concomitants of Diseases, arising from an acid Acrimony: Yea, the Effects of Acids are allowed to be far more powerful, as is to be seen in Helmont De Lithiasi. Cap. 9. Pag. 725. §. 71. where he relates, that he saw a Chymist, which, after he had been much Con­versant about making of Aqua Regia, he fell into the Palpitation of the Heart, Convulsi­ons, and many other Incredible Dolours, by reason of the acid Exhalations, which mingled themselves with his Blood. From the same Acidity we stedfastly believe, That the Stran­gury is very often produced, seeing that, to­gether with other Students, we have some­times found the Urines of such as have labou­red under the Strangury, in the Hospital of Leyden, to be Acid; and also seen the same Per­sons cured with such Medicines, as temper A­cidity.

The which if you are minded to try, saith Helmont, De Pleura Furente §. 14. ‘Whether or no the Strangury may not proceed from Acidi­ty, mix some Drops at least of sharp Wine, with the Ʋrine, lately sent forth without pain, and inject it again by a Syringe, and you shall find, to your Pain, that what I say, is true.’ Also, that from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce, Ulcers do sometimes break forth in the Skin, corroding the [Page 108] same, as also producing very great paines, they will not deny, who, following the Opinions of the Antients, determine them to arise from the Atra-Bilis; seeing that the Atra-Bilis of the Antients (as we have above Demonstrated) hath its Original from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce.

We are like-wise plainly perswaded, that the more acid Pancreatick Juyce, especially if it hath any Austerity conjoyned with it, produceth a greater astringency of the Bel­ly.

For, if the Bile, by its Acrimony irrita­ting the Guts (as is granted) may excite the Flux of the Belly, why may not that, which is contrary to such a Bile, produce a contrary Effect? Notwithstanding, if the belly be bound by a Viscid Matter, then we think, likewise, that a Flux may happen from the sharper Pan­creatick Juyce, as it hath a power of inciding, and attenuating, the Viscid Pituity: From which it is manifest, that the Pancreatick Juyce, according to the Diversity of Humours, concurring with it, doth very often produce a diverse and contrary Effect; which thing we would have well noted, lest we should seem to contradict our self, in explicating the Effects of this juyce.

As yet we think, even as we seem to have already said, that the Atra and Eruginous Bile is excited from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce, and a certain sharp Bile concurring; and consequently all Diseases, which Authors [Page 109] deduce from them; and therefore they are not cured by other Medicaments, than those which are fit to correct the more acid Pancreatick Juyce: Which, as it is Consonant with Reason; so it will not appear Incredible to those, who will consider the things above spoken by us, with a more attentive Mind.

But perhaps some will say, after what manner doth the Pancreatick Juyce produce the A­tra-Bilis, seeing that we have ascribed the Whitishness of the Chyle, after the Efferves­cency, in the thin Gut, to the acidity of the Pancreatick Juyce? To which we answer, That Acids, according to the Diversity of the matter where-with they are mixed, do also produce a divers Colour; for example, pour an acid Spirit to common Sulphur, dissolved in a Lixivium, and its red Colour will be chang­ed into white. Antimony Calcind, with Nitre or Chalk, being boyl'd in Fountain-Water, and any acid thing, being affused to its clear Colature, will presently acquire a Saffron Co­lour.

A clear Infusion of Galls, mixed with the Solu­tion of Vitriol, maketh Ink, to which, if you add the acid Spirit of Vitriol, that Ink will lose all its blackness, and become clear, like to Fountain-Water. The Blew Tincture of Violets, being mixed with Oyle of Vitriol, will wax into a Purple. The Wood Acanthus brought from Brasile, being infused in Com­mon Water, doth freely yeild a red Tincture, [Page 110] which put to Distilled Vinegar, acquires a Colour like to White-Wine. A Knife, after it, hath cut a Pomecitron, in the Middle, un­less it be wiped, and cleansed, from the Soure Juyce of the Citron, in a short time will be reduced to a nigrous Colour. And why from the same acidity too much exalted in Ulcers, the Cyrurgions Probe may not be stained with a certain Blackness, (as we have very often ob­served) and such Ulcers be happily cured by Temperating of the acidity, (as Helmont admo­nisheth De Blase humano, §. 53. we leave to the judgment of others?

It may here suffice for us to have proved, that from one and the same acid, permixed with di­verse things; one while a White, another a Black, another a Yellow, another a Purple, and so moreover other Colours may arise. He which desireth to excite many Colours in the Solution of Minerals and Vegitables endued with no Colour, let him go to that most curious Treatise which D. Willis hath written, concern­ing Fermentation, where pag. 88. Edit. Ang. he may find very many Mutations of Colours not unprofitable; and being about to assigne the Reason thereof, he saith in the following page: ‘If the reason of this Phaeno-mena be enquired, it ought altogether to be deduced from those minute particles within the pores of every contained Li­quor; which according to the scituation and positi­on, being after a divers manner altered by the Infu­sion of another Liquor, do diversly transmit the beams of the light, and manifoldly break, or [Page 111] reflect it, and so cause the divers appearances of Colours, &c.’

Having now unfolded the Diseases risen from the more acid Pancreatick Juyce, we seem in our selves to hear some in short to ask the Que­stion, from whence the acid Humour in the body may proceed, if we do not use any acid things? To which we answer, that we can in no wise want those things which abound with an acidity. For there is an acidity in the air, which appear­eth, if the Caput Mortuum of Vitriol be ex­posed to the air, which from the same eliciteth a new acidity. Also, that the air is full of Ni­trous particles, Gassendus, Entius, Digbaeus, and others, which professedly, or otherwise ingeniously treat of this Matter, have proved: But no man is ignorant, that Nitre containeth in it self an acidity. There is also an acidity inherent in Aliments: For in Kitchings, if flesh, or other Aliments, begin to corrupt, their Broth doth wax sower; yea, we have collected an acid Spirit in quantity sufficiently large, from the sweetest of Condiments, to wit, Sugar, by chymical Art.

There is also an acidity inherent in Drink; for Beer, or Ale, as also Wine, being left to themselves, without the addition of any other thing, do wax Soure: From whence, it is no wonder, as Hippocrates witnesseth, Lib. De Vet. Med. Text. 24 that there should be an Acidity in Men. But, it being granted, that there is an acid Humour in our Bodies, some one, more desirous of Truth, may ask, How it [Page 112] comes to pass, that it doth not only corrode the parts of our Bodies, but also Copper, and Tinn, as we have shewed above? To this we shall also answer, That the Fermentations, continually happening in our Bodies, is suffici­cient for this thing: For, we daily see that by their help, many things are very sharp, which before were sweet, or at least Temperate: VVhether now this may happen by the Dissi­pation of the animal Spirits, or by reason of any other inward Cause, we leave to the Judg­ment of others. Likewise, Experience testifies, that Men, feeding upon a cold Diet, do some­times, for the same Reason, and Cause, fall into burning Feavers.

We have also deservedly ascribed the Uterine Suffocation, or Mother-fits, so called, to the Pancreatick juyce divers ways vitiated, but e­specially the Austere: The following Observati­on seems to give us no small light into the Truth of this Matter, which our Friend Elsnerus, in the Year 1667. sent to us from Paris to Ande­gave: ‘We opened (saith he) a Maid, extinguish­ed by the Suffocation of the Womb, in whose dead body we found nothing at all, to which death might be ascribed, but the blood coagulated in the Ven­tricles of the Heart, beyond the order of Nature.’ Which too much coagulation of the blood may not be deduced from any other cause, than from an acid Juyce, as we have sufficiently proved.

But the reason why we judge that this Effect is not produced by the Pancreatick Juyce, be­ing [Page 113] simply acid, is, that all women which have a sharp Pancreatick Juyce, are not affected with that Disease: And therefore we do the more easily believe, that there is an austerity, or harsh Sowerness present with it; because we have known almost the like Disease excited from the Pancreatick Juyce, being austere, in a certain Bitch, as also in a Famous Man, the truth of which the following Testimony freely exhibiteth to us; done in the Year 1663. as it was communicated to me by the most expert Dr. Sylvius: ‘I tested the Pancreatick Juyce, and found it (first) as it were Saltish; but af­terward, the Relish being some-what changed, it seemed then to be Sub-acid, with a light Auste­rity; There was such a Stink produced in my Mouth, that two of my Acquaintance, which were with us, admonished me concerning it: The Stink was like to that which riseth from Muddy, and strinking Water. My Mouth, and Jaws, were not only exsiccated, or dried, but also so con­stringed, that I seemed to be suffoccated; which like thing, I suffer by a Disease familiar to me: And all these things vanished not suddainly, but remained, and endured for a while, till they left me by Degrees, and of their own Ac­cord.’

The Bitch's Juyce was brought to the Fa­mous Dr. Sylvius, and exhibited to his Tast, in our presence. From this, and the like Ob­servations, it seemeth not absurd to assert, That Men may some-time be affected with a like Hysterick Suffocation; especially, when [Page 114] its nearest Cause happens, not from the VVomb, but from the small Gut; in which, by reason of the Vitious Effervescency of concurring Humours excited, Exhalations, and austere Flatulencies are stirred up; which, as often as they arise through the Oesephagus, or Gullet, and come to the Arte­ria-Asperia, or Wind-Pipe, they so constringe those parts, that the Sick think themselves to be in the peril of Strangulation, or Choak­ing.

That divers Species of the Hypocondriack Affection may be produced by the said Pancre­atick juyce divers ways vitiated, the Books of Practical Physitians do testifie, and the symptoms confirme. But that we stay no longer upon the more acid, and austere Pancreatick juyce, and the effects from them arising; we think fit to deduce at least one effect from the said juyce more Salt, imagine a serous Diarrhaea, which by its saline Acrimony, produceth a more vio­lent, and more frequent peristaltick Motion of the Gutts.

These things being rightly considered, we doubt not but that by a diligent tract of time, by the Observation of those who happen to be conversant about the Sick, many effects will be made more manifest: And if there be more of Art in knowing than in curing Diseases, who sees not that this Pancreatick juyce being alto­gether known, the cure of many Diseases may be performed more easily, more speedily, and [Page 115] more profitably. First of all in this Treatise, we have described the Diseases taking their O­riginal from a more acid Pancreatick juyce, be­cause they more often occur, and produce greater trouble, than those which derive their Original from this juyce by any other way vitiated, for the acid Humour excelling the rest, Witness Hippoc. lib. de Vet. Med. Text. 42. 14. of all others is the most Incommodi­ous.

SEeing that it is not sufficient to have said in what manner the Pancreatick Juyce may offend, Namely, by exercising too great an Acidity, Salsitude, and Amaritude; we have not restored it, saith Hyppocrates, before that the same be purged, and overthrown by the admixing of other things, Lib. de vet. Med. Text 34.

But with what Medicaments the Vices of the Pancreatick Juyce, above declared, may more easily be tempered, or evacuated we shall now handle in brief.

The more sparing Separation, or Excretion, of the Pancreatick Juyce, happening by rea­son of Viscidity, will be cured by Medicines, correcting any Viscidity; such are Volatile Acids, as also Salts, as well Volatile as Fixt; especially the Volatile Salt of Amber seems to agree with our business; which, besides the Volatile Salt, also containes certain Acid Par­ticles: But, as often as the Pancreatick Juyce is thought to be less acid, then use pure Acids, on the contrary, as often as the Acidity there­of exceeds, then Salts are most conducible. [Page 117] When the Excretion of the Pancreatick Juyce is more sparing, by reason of an Obstruction happening in one or more of the Lateral Ducts, the Medicines, but now spoken of, are also profitable; for, except they loosen, cleanse, and cast forth the Obstructing Pituity, or Remedy the Viscous Crudity of the Blood, they will certainly profit nothing, as we shall endeavour, more largely, to explain the same in the subsequent Chapter, when we shall treat of intermitting Feavers.

The more Copious Increase of the Pancrea­tick Juyce, will be Cured, as well by abstain­ing from much Drink, especially such as is sharp; also by using such Medicaments as may expel it from the body by the belly; as al­so Sweats, and Urines. But, among such Me­dicaments, as educe it by the Belly, such as Purge-Water, are convenient above others; by help whereof, the Serous Humours are pur­ged, more than the Bilious: which, some years since, we have observed in not a few Dogs, to whom we exhibited, as well Hy­dragogues as Cholagues; and, seeing that they excellently deponed the belly, we suddenly opened the Abdomen, at the very time of pur­gation; the Dog's as yet living; which done, we could observe, although difficulty, in those to whom we had given a Cholagogue, viz. one Dram of Diagredium, that the Bile did flow in a far greater Quantity, from the Intestinal biliar Duct; but in another, to whom we had ex­hibited a Hydragogue, namely, of Powder [Page 118] of Jallap two Drams, we observed that the Pan­creatick Juyce did break forth in a large Quan­tity, from its Ductus into the Intestines, although then the Bile also did issue forth in a great Quantity; and in another, to whom we had given a Cholagogue, the Pancreatick Juyce did also flow forth in a greater Quantity, than usuall; nevertheless we are able to collect, that the Bile is far more Copiously purged by Cholagogues, and the Pancreatick Juyce by Hydragogues.

In these Experiments, performed other things, did yet occur, worthy of note; for first of all, at the very time of purgation, there was nothing deposited through the Meseraick Arteries into the Cavity of the Intestines; but what so ever of a Liquid matter remained in them, after expression, was sucked up by the Venae Lacteae, or Meseraick Veines. Secondly, That those Ducts, in whom the Lactean Veines appeared not: After 3. or 4. Hours Exhibition of Aliment, we cut the Abdomen in them; neither the Bile, nor the Pancreatick Juyce, was carryed to the Intestine, in a more than usual Quantity. Concerning which, see­ing that other things, as yet remain to be spo­ken to, we shall defer it to another occasion, untill by many Experiments, more surely made, we shall more perfectly (also) under­stand the force of other Medicaments. The Pancreatick Juyce, over Fluid, will be cor­rected by the prudent assumption of Vis­cid Aliments; such are Pills of Hound's [Page 119] Tongue, and other things which incras­sate.

In reference to the Qualities of the Pancrea­tick Juyce, perceptible to the tast, if it offends by too much Acidity, Austerity, or Salsity, it will be cured, First, With altering Medicines, as Hippocrates hath rightly taught us, De Vet. Med. Tex. 31. 20. where he saith: And I perceive all other Fluxes, which happen by reason of the Acrimony, and Intemperances of Humours, are restored by their tempering and Cocting. But that will easily be absolved by the Admini­stration of the Medicines, even now spoken of.

The more Acid Pancreatick Juyce will be cu­red, First, With a pure Volatile Salt, as an A­romatick, by tempering the same.

Secondly, It will be cured with a Lixivious Salt, as well fixed as Volatile, by infringing its Power.

Thirdly, It will be cured by Crabs Eyes, Coralls, Chalk, Shells, especially being Cal­cined, fileings of Steel, and the like, by con­centrating it.

Fourthly, It will be cured, by Oleous Emul­sions, as also, by diverse Oyles, made as well by expression, as Distillation, as it were Wrap­ping about it, and Blunting the Edge thereof. [I know not how to render Obvoluo and Ob­tundo better].

Fifthly. It will be cured with water, & wate­ry things, washing and weakning it. But here no Purges are to be exhibited; because, hither­to, [Page 120] none are known; which, without great difficulty, do educe the Acid Humours, not tempered; so that, Aphorisme of Hippoc. 22. Sect. 11. which saith, Things cocted not crude, being brought forth by a Purging Medi­cine, are not crude in their beginning, unless they swell: But many do not swell; doth right­ly here take place. The austere Pancreatick Juyce will be cured by Volatile Salts, as first, by the Distilled Spirit of Salt Ammoniac, after the addition of Salt of Tartar, and Water; to which also, may be referred Castor, and its Tincture.

The Salt Pancreatick Juyce, and a Diarhaea, from thence arising, may be cured by the Dias­cordium of Fracastorius, Pills of Hound's Tongue, Coralls, burnt Hart's-horn, Bezoar-Stone, and other things Incrassating, and also Concentrating Salsitude.

BEcause we have before promised, in the Nineth Chapter, that we would, in this place, demonstrate, that Intermitting Feavers have their Original from the Preternatural Dis­position of the said Pancreatick Juyce, we cannot but annex their History; not because, the difficulty of Explicating these Feavers, is obscure to us, nor shunneth none of the most Expert Physitians; So as, hither-to, they have not satisfied the Curious in their Explicati­ons: So that, being by most passed over with a dry Foot, they have left behind them a Se­ries of innumerable Difficulties; but, because we judge it to be a thing of so great moment, that as many as hither-to have given themselves to the search of Intermitting Feavers, have still desired to this Labour, the further Indu­stry of other Learned Men: For, very many Diseases do every day occur in our Practice, wherein that Feaver either proceedeth, is concomitant, or doth follow; So that, some­times it requireth an intire Method of Curation, for it self.

[Page 122] Which, seeing it is so, we think our Cogi­tations, and Experiments, not to be ingrate­ful to the Curious Searchers of Nature, espe­cially if we hold their minds not long in sus­pence, by rehearsing the Sentenses and Opini­ons of many Authors, as they ordinarily have done, who have gone before us, in the same kind of Study: or retain those things, by shew­ing an intire Series of Questions, relating more to Curiosity, than to the necessity of the thing to be known; but we shall presently ex­pound, in a few words, as much as is possible, those things which we judge concerning this matter.

Seeing that Aristotle hath rightly said, Lib. 2. Physic. Cap. 13. ‘That there can be a sure Knowledge of nothing, the Cause, or Original whereof, is not known:’ We, contrary to the Common Order, shall endeavour to pursue the Nature of Intermitting Feavers, by searching out their Signes and Causes.

Seeing that all Physitians, which have hi­ther-to written of Intermitting Feavers, cry out that their Pathognomick Signe is a more Frequent, and Preternatural Pulse; to know the Nature, altogether of Intermitting Fea­vers, by searching into the Causes of the Pulse, we judge with the never sufficiently praised Fran. de le Boe-Sylvius, that the Cause of a more Preternatural Pulse, is either (first) the too much, and Permanent Rare-faction of the Blood, arising from a more Potent Fire, breaking forth from the Effervescency of both [Page 123] Bloods. Or, Secondly, because of any sharp­ness, being at one time Acid, at another Lixi­vious, another while brinishly Salt, driven through the Veines, with the Blood, to the Heart, and Internally gnawing the Parenchy­ma of the Heart. Or, Thirdly, something halituously Flatulent, and like-wise carried with the Blood to the Heart, or excited, by the Effervescency, in the Heart; and increa­sing the Explication of the Ventricles of the Heart. Or, Fourthly, something sharp, or hard, either in the Peri-cardium, or else-where existing, and externally gnawing, or pricking the Heart.

These few things being premised, there is none but may see, that the cause of continu­all Feavers, is continually carryed to the Heart, but the cause of Intermittents by Inter­vals. It is not our purpose here to speak of Continual Feavers, those that are desirous of searching out, and knowing of the Nature of those, we recommend them to the Practice of Dr. Sylvius, where, amongst other things, ac­curately delivered, they may find the exact Description of those Feavers, Chap. 29. Pag. 407. And we, in the mean-time, being a­bout to deliver the Description of Intermit­ting Feavers, shall say, That such a Focus, or Minera, of Intermitting Feavers, is required, which is apt to transmit the cause of a more frequent, and Preternatural Pulse, by Inter­vals, to the Heart.

[Page 124] Sundry men have sought this Minera, in diverse parts of the Body; some have imma­gined they have found it in the Mass of Blood, which, to some others seemed less true, to whom the Continual Motion of the Blood, was known; because the Circulation of the Blood is performed once, twice, or four times a day: For, the most accurate Dr. Lower, in his Treatife of the Heart, Fol. 156. proveth, ‘That the Blood of a Man, well disposed, circu­lateth through the Heart, in the space of one Hour, thirty times:’ But being granted, (which in no wise, may be denyed) that the Mass of Blood, of the whole body at least, some­times in a Day, doth flow back to the Heart; part of which, if evilly affected, as often as it transiteth the Heart, would produce a Fit of a Feaver; and so, from the Blood natural­ly following, neither a Tertian, or a Quartan Feaver may be deduced, unless they say that the Blood doth absolve this Tragedy, being preternaturally detained in any part of the bo­dy; which like-wise, doth not alike appear to those, to whom it is known, how easily the Volatile Spirits exhale, by the Detention of the blood, and the remaining Particles of the blood being made more sharp, do suddenly excite, mutually, among themselves, a Heat and Inflamation of the Part; to which, if an Aposteme be subjoyned that will affect the Blood, passing through its Circuits continu­ally, and not by Intervals: Whence if a Feaver follows, it ought not to be cal­led [Page 125] an Intermitting, but a Continuall Fea­ver.

If they say that the obstruction is not ex­pected to the generation of intermitting Fea­vers, but to furnish the phlegme which is of that nature that daily, the yellow Bile w^ch. every third day, and the Atra-bile which every fourth day may produce a certain ebullition: many of a higher ingenuity, may ask first whether or no those humours such as they are described in the Schools can be Demonstrated to be in the mass of Blood, seeing it is evident by what is already said the Atrabilis derives its origi­nal from the yellow Bile, and more acid pan­creatick Juyce. Secondly, how doth that seem probable that a humour more cold, tenatious, and unapt for motion, as phlegme, daily, and a hot humour being more fluid and being fit for motion as yellow Choler, should every other day onely excite a feaverish Ebullition in the Blood; Thirdly, how intermitting Feavers may be changed from quotidians into tertrans, quar­tans, and the contrary. Fourthly, to what humours they can ascribe Quintans, sextans, or those which have more seldome periods (of which Fernelius lib. 4. cap. 14.) if they determine that each Feavour draws its Original from a certain peculiar Humour.

But they which have held the minera of in­termitting Feavers to be latent in some part of the Body, have most of them sought it in the Abdomen; for nauceousness, loathing of Food, Torments, Colds, Horrors, Rigors, and other [Page 126] preludiums of the fits conspicuous to none but such as are more attentively disposed, do shew the Abdomen to be evilly habited. A vomi­ting excited either by Nature or Art, and ve­ry often, presently asswageing the fierceness of the fits, sheweth the principal ways or passa­ges thereof to be evilly habited. The Cure it self of the Abdomen also in the beginning of the access declareth the same according to Fernelius de sede intermittentium lib. 4. cap. 10. for Fo­mentations applied to the Hypocondriaes pro­cure a remission of horror, rigor, and other Symptomes.

But what part of the Abdomen in these Fea­vers is evilly affected, hath wearied the brains of many; for so confusedly have they sought their minera, that nothing of certainty can be concluded from their writings or opinions; for some have sought it in the meseraick Veines, some in the Branches of the vena porta between the Liver and the Spleen, some in other Vessels, yea also in the great Colon, the duplicature of the Omentum which is under the ventricle, and in innumerable other things have they determined the focus of intermitting Fea­vours, whose Clouds of falsity in these our more happy times the sun of Truth hath so dis­cussed and dissipated, that they want not our improvement. Therefore least we consume our own, and the Readers time, by writing more things obvious as well in the Books of the An­cients as in the Moderns, we shall willingly pass them by: Seeing that the cause of all intermit­ting [Page 127] Feavours seemes to us to be contained in the pancreas alone.

The reason of this Opinion is this, that ha­ving considered the parts of the whole Body of man, which by intervals only may transmit the Cause of these Feavers to the heart, none can be found in the whole body to which not only the Focus of intermitting Feavers, but also the causes of all their symptomes may be imputed besides the Pancreas.

But some perhaps may say, that heat, thirst, ulcers, breaking forth in the lips of the Fea­verish, bitter Vomitings, Cholerick Excre­ments, and other symtomes wont to accompa­ny tertain Feavers do declare the bile to be pri­marily offended, wherefore the Cause of all intermitting Feavers ought not to be ascribed to the pancreas alone.

But truly this objection will fall of its own accord, those things being known which we shall speak of in the following Discourse concerning the Reasons of divers Symptomes; for we know that in tertians the bile is very often pre­dominant, but it is to be noted that its abun­dance doth not cause an intermitting Feaver; because that is perceived after it hath excited a vitious Effervesency by intervals with the pan­creatick Juice, in which if the bile gets Domi­nion, the signs thereof even now declared do somtimes manifest themselves; but because this Effervescency proceeds from the pancrea­tick Juice preternaturally disposed, that Feaver is not ascribed to the Bile, but to the Pancrea­tick [Page 128] Juyce, as, by the Sequel, shall more plain­ly appear. We judge the cause of Inter­mitting Feavers to be an Obstruction, made in one or more of the Lateral Ducts; because of Pituity, carryed thither in too large a quan­tity, and there detained: VVhich thing seems to us to happen for the following Reason; to wit, For as much, as the Pituity, of the thin Guts, especially that sticking to the sides, lest they should be hurt by the abounding Hu­mours, being in too great a quantity, by rea­son of the immoderate Exercises of the Body, and perhaps by an over-much use of hot Ali­ments, or by some Error, committed in the six Non-Naturals, is dissolved, and with other Humours, carryed to the Heart, by the Mil­ky Veines: From whence, by the Order of Cir­culation, this Phlegmatick Matter, together with the rest of the Blood, is driven to the Pancreas; and being separated in its Glandules, with the Pancreatick Juyce, it enters the Lateral Ducts of the Pancreas; in which, either by the Ex­ternal Cold, or of that Bowel it concreteth, and is Coagulated; by which reason, it ob­structeth either one or more of the Laterall Ducts.

VVe think the accesses of intermitting Fea­vers, ought to be ascribed to the Pancreatick Juyce, stagnant in one or more of the Lateral Ducts, by reason of an Obstruction; and one while sooner, another while later, preparing a way for it self, through the Obstructing Phlegme, by its Acrimony increased; and not [Page 129] only causing a Vitious Effervescency in the small Gut; but being every way carryed, espe­cially to the Heart, produceth a more frequent, and preternatural Pulse.

Which, that it may more clearly appear, we shall spend a little time in the unfolding there­of.

That Coagulation, which we have menti­oned to happen in the Pancreatick Juyce, we have some-time observed in a Dog, whose Juyce we endeavoured to collect in the Win­ter time; which, by the cold of the Ambient Air, was so thickned, that only a little would flow forth, and of a gross Consistency, untill the Dog, being placed before the Fire, between two Pillows began to grow hot; from whence the Pancreatick Juyce did flow more Fluid, and more Copiously. We have obser­ved, that the Coagulation of the Pancreatick Juyce hath excited Obstructions, in the Late­ral Ducts, of the Pancreas, as in the Year 1663, with the Famous Dr. Sylvius, in a cer­tain Woman, labouring under an intermitting Feaver, into whose Ductus Pancreaticus, af­ter Death, we injected, by a Syringe, a very Volatile blewish Liquor; which, out of the great Duct, into which it was cast, did pene­trate into most of the Lateral Ducts, whilst in a few, although more near to the Intesti­nal great Duct, by reason of an Obstruction, it was stopped: From whence, by the said Colour, the Substance of the Pancreas it self, was tinged in one place, and not in another.

[Page 130] The Pancreatick Juyce, being stagnant in one or more of the Lateral Ducts, by reason of an Obstruction, by its delay becometh more sharp, and at length, perforating the Obstructing Phlegme, prepareth it self a pas­sage, through the Obstruction, into the com­mon or middle Duct, until all the detained Juyce, being effused, the Phlegme as yet ad­hereing to the sides of the Duct, grows toge­ther again, and by its mutual Reunion, re­news the Obstruction: Whence at length, the Pancreatick Juyce is Collected for the follow­ing Fit; which again, by its delay, being made more sharp, doth again perforate the Obstructing Pituity, and produceth a new Pa­roxysme; which Fits, return alwayes at the same time, as often as the Pituity, causing the Obstruction, doth occur, in the same Quan­tity, and Viscidity, with the Pancreatick Juyce, of the same Acidity, and Acrimo­ny.

The Pancreatick Juyce is made more sharp by Stagnation, in as much, as the Animal Spi­rits do not so straightly embrace it, but leave it obstructing: Hence therefore, by the dissi­pated Spirits, wont to attemper it, there re­dounds a greater Acidity of the Pancreatick Juyce. Would you have a Simillitude? We will grant it: New Ale, included in Hogs­heads, Whether or no, by a certain delay, it doth not lose its Sweetness? Consider, that all Wine turns to Vinegar, the Spirits being dis­sipated; also that Vinegar it self, by delay, is made more sharp.

[Page 131] For, every heat, dissipating the Animal Spi­rits, causeth every sharp thing to be more sharp: So that, it ought to seem strange to none, if we say, that the Pancreatick Juyce, by stagnation, deserteth its genuine Disposi­tion, and passeth into a more acid Acrimony. But the Pancreatick Juyce, being made more sharp by stagnation, and effused into the thin Gut, with the Flegmme and Bile, stirs up a vitious Effervescency; and indeed, by reason of such a Pancreatick Juyce, stretchings, yawnings, and horrors are produced, and every-where a sence of Cold, especially in the Region of the Loynes, in which the Fit begins. Neither is that first called a Feaver, which either the Pan­creatick Juyce, it self, vitiously Effervescing in the small Gut; or at least, Exhalations from thence arising, and at length, carryed to the right Ventricle of the Heart; and, after a cer­tain manner, irritating it to a more frequent Contraction of it self. But we judge that the Pancreatick Juyce, by its acid Acrimony, per­forms this thing; although nothing hinders, but that something of a Saline Acrimony, arising from the Bile may concur: because we daily observe, that Exhalations do ascend in the Ef­fervescency, between Acids and Salts; which, being moved to the Nose, by its Acrimony, causeth Offence. Intermitting Feavers by the reason already given, proceeding from the Pan­creatick Juyce, are divided into Simple, and Compound; the Simple, by reason of their Fits, returning at divers times, are distingui­shed [Page 132] into Quotidians which daily, Tertians which every other day, & Quartans which on the fourth day, Quintans which on the fifth, &c. do return.

Those are called Compound which excite di­vers fits in one and the same sick person, and they are either of the same Species: as double quotidians, double or treble tertians, double or treble quartans, &c. Or they are of a divers Species, as a Quotidian with a Tertian, a Terti­an with a Quartan, &c. We shall say nothing in this place concerning those Feavers which are compounded of intermittents and continual, tho we know they are daily to be observed by pra­ctitioners; for he which hath known & inspect­ed the Nature of intermitting and continual Feavers, may consider that this complication carryes nothing of difficulty to our Opinion, which is clearer than the Meridian Light. They are also distinguished by reason of an urgent cold, and heat into cold, and burning Feavers; although for the most part the cold is wont to go before, and the heat to follow, Vanhelmont in his Treatise of Feavers Chap. 1. §. 5. Writes that the sick are sometimes troubled with cold alone, and experience also witnesseth the same.

Hence unless we be egregiously Deceived, we may infer with the surest Foundation, that the essence of Feavers consists not in heat (as many lead by speculation, more than by the verity of the matter, do boldly maintain) be­cause then heat would be allways present with the Feaver: neither could the Feaver be existent without heat, which nevertheless, [Page 133] they do, or may observe daily, who least of all attend to the practise of Physick, do but visit the sick: I say they may observe in the begin­ning of most intermitting Feavers, when the bodies of the sick are terrified and shaken with cold, that cold alone is troublesome. Never­theless, lest it should seem a new and unheard of thing, which we speak, that the Essence of Feavers doth not consist in heat, besides experi­ence, we shall bring the Authority of Hypo­crates which seems to teach the same thing lib. De Vet. Med. Text. 30. 7. where he saith:

But if any one notwithstanding be so captiva­ted to his prejudices, that he denies a trem­bling and a horrour to be the beginning of in­termitting Feavers, let him also perswade him­self, as he must, that those who at the time of that cold do die (as others have often seen, and our self also within this eight days) expire without a feaver; which nevertheless to men conversant in Physick, will seem no less false than ridiculous.

Perhaps no man will deny that in some fea­vers, tertains especially, no Cold being percei­ved, and by reason of heat alone continually urging at the time of the fits, they may be cal­led [Page 134] burning feavers, and although any through a desire of Contradiction should deny that bur­ning, such feavers will not therefore cease to be observed.

Forasmuch as no feaver makes its progress alone, but for the most part is accompanied with divers symptomes, some of which do torment the sick no less than the feaver it self, they are distinguished, or at leastwise may be according to the diversity of symptomes manifesting them­selves with each fit into Syncopals, Hystericks, Colical, Raving, Greedy, Astmatical, Arthritical, Catharral, Emeticks, Catharticks, Salivals, &c. If any demand a Reason, why the fits return one while daily, another every third day, another every fourth or fifth day, and that so certain as the hand of a Dial goes not more exactly? We shall say that all the diversity depends, partly upon the diversity of obstructing phlegm, partly that of the stagnant Pancreatick Juice, for as there is found in the lateral Duct obstructed more or less pituity, and as it is more or less viscid, and the Pancreatick Juice more or less sharp, so the pituity causing the obstruction, will sooner or later be perforated by the Pan­cratick juice being made sharp by stagnati­on.

And although the beginnings of fits mutually following one another, are not always distant 24. 48. or 72. houres; but sometimes 18, sometimes 24, sometimes 30, sometimes 36, and 40 Houres, &c. Nevertheless Phisi­tians are wont to distinguish the fits according [Page 135] to daies; so that by quotidians they intend not only those which return every 24. houres, but these also which make their accesses in 18. yea, 30 houres; the former of which they call Anti­ponents or going before, the later post-ponents. [which word is generally understood] So those fits which return every 48. houres are truly e­steemed for tertians, but not those only; for they also which are returned every 36. or 40. houres are called tertians, but anteponents, as also those which are repeated every 50. 55. or 60. houres are called Tertians, and likewise Post-ponents.

The Cause of this inequallity of the fits, seems to us to proceed from the obstructing phlegme being more or less viscid, or the whole Pancreatick Juice more or less sharp, and that by reason of the diverse use of the six Non-natu­rals.

By this reason it is not difficult to us to unfold how Quotidian feavers are changed into Tertians, and Tertians into Quartans, Quar­tans into Quintans, and the contrary; which thing they find very difficult, who determine that Quotidians arise from Phlegme, Ter­tians from Yellow Choler, and Quartans from Melancholy.

The Fits return so long, as the obstructing Pituity is not totally removed from the Duct, but remaining therein is again compelled to renew the Obstruction; But when the Viscid Phlegme, either of its own accord, or by art, is so evacuated, that nothing thereof remains, [Page 136] which may be joyned together, whereby the obstruction may be renewed; then also the Fea­vers are Cured. But as often as only one of the Lateral Ducts is obstructed, so often is one, and indeed a simple Feaver, produced. But as often, as many of the Lateral Ducts are ob­structed together, so often are many and ma­nifold Compound Feavers produced; which are either of the same, or of a diverse Spe­cies: Obstructions are of the same Species, when they are of the same Nature, and Perti­nancy, in diverse Ducts of the same Magni­tude. Obstructions are of a diverse Species, when they are of a diverse Nature, and Perti­nancy, in diverse Ducts, in like manner diffe­ring from one another in Magnitude. We say in diverse Ducts of the same, or a diverse Mag­nitude, seeing that as often as the Obstructi­on ariseth from a like Pituity, in diverse Ducts, of the same Magnitude, and Amplitude: So often the Pancreatick Juyce, being made sharp by stagnation, will, in an equal space of time, perforate the obstructing Pituity; and also, in an equal space of time, will produce the Fit: But as often as Ducts, of a different Magni­tude, and Amplitude, are equally obstructed by a Viscid Phlegme, so often shall we see a Diversity in the Fits; in as much, as it may sooner, and more amply, wax sharp, in one Duct, and thence the Fit may sooner return, and more grievously afflict than in another; or as often as obstructions do happen in Ducts, of the same Magnitude, from a Pituity, not [Page 137] alike Viscid; so often, like-wise, may the Fits invade the Sick at divers times; for as much as the Pancreatick Juyce, equally waxing sharp, will sooner perforate the less viscid pitui­ty, than that which hath a greater Viscidi­ty.

From those things, which we have now pro­pounded, it will not be difficult to explain, How in a double Tertian, or other Compound Feavers, one Fit may, unexpectedly, come in an Hour or two, after another: For, the ob­structions may happen in Ducts of the same Magnitude, from a Pituity alike Viscid; so that, one obstruction may be excited the first Hour, and another the fourth Hour; the which, if in Tertians, (unless some fault, as we have said, be committed in the six Non naturals) the first will again return on the third day, the first hour, and the second at the fourth Hour, &c. Which, in our judgement, affords no small difficulty to those who hold, that Inter­mitting Feavers, are brought to a Turgescency, by Congestion, from an evil habit of the Blood, or of the Alimentary Juyce, depra­ved: as for example, seeing that the Alimen­tary Juyce, depraved, doth excite, by its Tur­gescency, a feaverish Effervescency in the Blood, in the first Hour, Why may not that Quan­tity of the (depraved) Alimentary Juyce, serving to produce another Fit, which like-wise begins to swell, in the same Blood, being in the same Effervescency, be enkindled, and consu­med? Truly, we favour not that Opinion; [Page 138] neither also, can wee conceive how, in those which are fasting, the Feaverish Fits so often, beyond measure, could be returned at the same time.

From what hath been said, the reason is al­so manifest, wherefore in a double Tertian, or Quartane, &c. the fit doth precisely antici­pate, or succeed, an Hour; no other-wise, than as they arise from one, and the same, La­teral Duct: For, as the whole Pancreatick Juyce, and the obstructing Pituity of both, grows more or less sharp; also, the Pituity of both, more or less Viscid: the Fits of both do equally return sooner or later. There are Feavers, whose Species by some, are difficult­ly distinguished; as for example, a Quo­tidian, from a double Tertian, or Triple Quar­tan; for, of those three Feavers, each dai­ly excite one Fit; which distinction, never­theless creates no trouble to such as are atten­tive to the matter: For, a Quotidian doth ordi­narily invade the Sick, either at one Hour, or equally sooner, or later. The double Tertian, for the most part, so hath its Fits, that the first access answers to the third, and the se­cond to the fourth, &c. But in a Triple Quartan, the first Fit answereth to the fourth, and the second to the fifth, &c.

Which things being rightly Considered, eve­ry one may easily distinguish these Feavers, mu­tually from one another, unless some external fault disturb the order or frame of the Body, [Page 139] either in whole or in part. The diversity of those Symptomes so variously occurring, doth not overthrow those things which we have pro­pounded concerning intermitting Feavers, e­specially of heat and cold seeing that diversity dependeth upon a diverse Constitution, of the rest of the Humours existent in the Body. For otherwise a fit of a tertian Feaver, happening to a Body replenished with much Bile, and that sufficiently sharp, would last far longer than a fit happening to that Body where but little bile, and that as yet temperate is remaining. Also a greater or lesser quantity of phlegme, as like­wise plenty of other humours abounding in the body, may not a little augment this diversi­ty.

But because it may not suffice to have said, that the primary Symptomes of intermitting Feavers are heat and cold, it behoveth that we here also, annex our Opinion concerning their Cause and Original We Judge that the cold of intermitting Feavers, draws its Original from the more acid Pancreatick Juice, and heat especially from a more acrimonions Bile; the former is evinced by the assumption of acid things, as Galen proveth in a thousand places from things helping and hurting, that acids are cold, and do produce cold, and that not only in the sick, but also in the sound; in which sometimes we see alike Cold to have been excited, as those which are feaverish are wont to suffer, and any one may observe, if acids be taken by those which are feaverish in the time of the cold fit, [Page 140] that the feaverish cold will be encreased after a wonderful manner. He that refuseth to be­lieve these our observations, let him read Galen De Simp. Med. Facult, where he saith: ‘Every Acid, as it is only acid, is plainly cold; whe­ther it be a Pear or an Apple, the Juice of Grapes or Rasberies, or Mulberies, punick Apples, or a­ny other Fruit, or Juice, or Plants, as sharp poin­ted Dock or Sorrel; for that it appears to the tast that there is a vehement Acidity inherent in it, neither may any thing be prefer'd before it; for its Acrimony, you shall find this Juice alto­gether cooling, &c.’ as also in the same Book Cap. 7. and in infinite other places he teacheth, that Acids are cold, and produce cold in our Bo­dies.

That the qualities of Humours are to be known by their effects, Hyppocrates Lib. De Vet. Med. Text. 39. 5. doth diligently incul­cate: Know that the chief Forces of Humours is in their acid Faculty; which likewise in the 23. of the same, from manifest things which behoveth to be Learned without the Body, he manifestly teacheth. Moreover, Lib. de Locis in Homine Text 56. 10. He saith, that Acids are also pituitous, which in Lib. de Natura Huma­na Text. 12. 2. He manifestly declares to be most cold of all things existing in the Bodie: The which, unless it were true, untowardly would Galen in his whole Book concerning Food in acute Diseases, and those who are his diligent followers, prescribe an acid medica­mentous Diet, in acute Feavers.

[Page 141] Although no man perhaps can easily deny, heat to proceed from the Bile, in regard we see that our natural heat is much augmented by the assumption of bitter, and aromatick Aliments and Sauces, augmenting Choler and making it more sharp. Besides, both is proved by the Remedies exhibited, diminishing or taking away those Symptomes; For we see clearly, that by medicines infringing the Aci­dity, the Cold is attempered and taken away; and we likewise observe that by medicines tem­pering the Bile, especially Acids, the heat is lessened, as we shall presently in many things further Demonstrate.

From whence every one may easily imagine the Reason, why for the most part the fits of intermitting Feavers, are begun with a sence of Cold, and terminated with heat: For the Pan­creatick Juice being made more sharp by stagna­tion in one or more of the lateral Ducts; after which flowing into the thin Gut, there exci­teth such an effervescency with the Bile, wherein the Succus Pancreaticus by its predo­minant Acidity every way emits or sends forth acid Exhalations, affected with a sense of Cold; which when they touch the Gall-bladder by their acrimony provoke it to its Contracti­on, from whence the Bile breaking forth into the Intestine, in a more than usual quantity o­verwhelmes the Pancreatick Juice, and raiseth therewith such an Effervescency, in which the Bile predominating Excites heat, by sending every way its exhalations or Emissaries.

[Page 142] This our Opinion, is in a wonderful man­ner confirmed by the Vomitings, which very often happen to the Sick, at one time so cold and Acid, that bringeth a stupor to the Teeth; and again on the contrary, another while so hot and bitter, that they believe they Vo­mit nothing but pure Choler.

But some perhaps may ask, why we de­duce Vomitings and acid belchings, rather from the Pancreas, than from the Stomach? We answer, because it is agreeable to experi­ence, that the Pancreatick Juice is Acid, and seeing that the searchers of Nature, do as yet dispute concerning the ferment of the Stomach and its Generation, we judged that it ought to be determined, rather from a certain than an uncertain Cause: And if it shall be evinced by further search in the sto­mach of Men (we speak not of Birds who require a stronger fermentation to digest Stones and other things of a hard consistency for the Generation of Shells) that any other ferment is generated, besides the Spittle conti­nually swallowed, and that to be Acid, then shall we be so much the better able to prove an Effer­vescency to be excited in the thin Gut, between the Bile, and the Pancreatick Juice: Seeing that the Temperate, or Natural Acidity of the Pan­creatick Juyce, would be helped by the acid Ferment of the Stomach; and from thence, the Effervescency would be the more powerfully performed.

[Page 143] It is further proved, that the Acidity, cast forth by Vomitting, doth not proceed from the Stomach, but from the Intestines, by Vo­mitories, exhibited out of the time of the Fit; by the help whereof, first an insipid Matter, afterwards, by further straining, an Acid, and Bilious Matter, is vomitted up; the contra­ry of which would happen, if the Soure, and Cholerick Matter, did proceed from the Sto­mach. Concerning the manner by which Acids may get to the Stomach, no man, of a sound mind, will doubt, who determines the Bile, ejected by Vomiting, to proceed from the In­testines: Seeing that the Pancreatick Juyce may, and ought to be driven through the same wayes, as the Bile, flowing to the Intestines, by their inverted Peristaltick Motion, with the same ease to the Ventricle, as we have above demonstrated.

Neither doth the place a little confirm this our Opinion, in which, a Feaverish fit begin­ning, is for the most part perceived Cold, then Hot; as also, a most fierce pain: We understand the Region of the Loynes, in which the first part of the thin Gut lies, under the Mesentery, as is to be seen Tab. I, wherein the Confsux and Effervescency of the Bile, and the Pancreatick Juyce, is Celebrated; from which, the Particles of those Humours, be­ing agitated upon the Ligaments of the Mesen­tery, and other Nervous, and Membranous parts, they dash against them, with an Impetuous force: So that, that Effervescency may some­times [Page 144] be perceived by the Touch in the Sick, as we have above demonstrated. Nor does the Pancreatick Juyce, being made sharp by stagnation, only exercise a tyranny, in the Re­gion of the Loynes; but also sends forth its acid Exhalations, both upwards and down­wards; Who doubteth that from the one the Torments of the Belly, and from the other Acid belchings, do proceed? But if those Exhala­tions penetrate through the Venae Lacteae, to the Heart, by Incrassating the Blood, gives an occasion of a lesser Pulse; which, never­theless, by its corroding Acrimony, produceth one more frequent. The Acid Exhalations, being subdued in manner afore-said, Salt and Bilious Exhalations do follow; which again, by attenuating the Blood, do no less excite a great, and sometimes also, a more frequent Pulse, by irritating the Heart; and that so long till their Acrimony being spent, they can no longer irritate, or provoke the Heart: Which done, the Vigour and Natural pulse of the Heart is returned: So that, very often the most skilful can hardly judge, whether they have a Feaver or no.

We will not here speak (lest this Chapter should swell too much, with that which we purposed to finish in few Words) concerning six Hundred other Symptomes, which are wont to accompany Intermitting Feavers; seeing we are perswaded there are none, at least, of those who with an attent mind, have conside­red, that the Juyce, or its Emissaries, after a [Page 145] diverse manner disposed, doth perambulate the whole Body, and may produce diverse Symptomes; but may, from these things, de­duce them by their own proper Industry.

Which seeing it is so, we leaving those small Circumstances, shall rightly pass on to the Cure of intermitting Feavers, which as it Prima­rily consisteth in taking away Obstructions, and correcting the Pancreatick Juice, and other Humours if they be Vitious; so it may be most succesfully performed, first by Medicines inciding and attenuating tough Phlegme, and sometimes expelling it from the Body.

Secondly, By adhibiting Remedies, which are indued with a force of correcting and tem­perating the Pancreatick Juice, offending by its Acrimony.

Thirdly, By correcting other Humours in the Body, this or that way so peccant that they may Cherish the Vicious Ef­fervescency excited in the thin Gut between the Bile and the Pancreatick Juice. For the ta­king away the Obstruction, temperating the more acid Pancreatick Juyce, and the dimi­nishing the Cold, from thence proceeding, these following Medicines do much conduce, viz. Water of Parsly, Fennel, Baume, Simple Treacle-Water, Salt of Worm-wood, of Cen­tary, the lesser, Syrup of Carduus Benedict­tus, or the five opening Roots, and the like, being mixed according to Art, especially if ta­ken halfe an hour before the feaverish Cold invades the Sick, who ought to be kept in his bed, or other warm place, that Sweat may [Page 146] be a little promoted, or at leastwise that the operation of the Medicine may not be hinde­red.

We say half an hour before the feaverish Cold invade the Sick, because Reason teach­eth, and Experience proveth, that cutting and attenuating, as unobstructing Medicaments do then with a far more happy Success ab­solve that for which they are Administred, than if they were exhibited at any other time; the Reason of which seemes to us, because those Medicines begin to operate at that time, wherein the Pancreatick Juice by its Acrimony doth molifie the Obstruction, and so by a united force, may more strongly and more happily dissolve the Obstruction, than if either of those only were opperating: Moreover, It very much diminisheth the Feave­rish Cold, which as yet would be perfor­med with greater success, if to the mixture even now described, you shall add a drop or two of Oyl of Cloves, because as yet we see no medicament that doth more power­fully take away Cold than that Oyle.

If a great Heat follow the feaverish Cold, to attemper that Medicines called Refrige­raters, among which aqueous things diluting the Bile seems to us most agreeable, but especially Acids with which the acrimony and volatillity of the saline Bile exceeding, produ­cing Heat and burning is best infringed. For as Doctor Minrotus saith pag. 36. in his Treatise of Malignant Feavers, Acids do [Page 147] repress the inflamabillity of a Sulphurous Mat­ter without the Body, so also within the Body they bridle the inflaming Bile.

So Hippocrates, De Victu Acutor. Text. 29. 9. manifestly Teacheth that Acids do infringe and mitigate the Bile. And this is the Reason, why the most skilfullest Physitians do daily prescribe Acid Julips for the temperating of that feverish Heat; as for Example, by the Decoction of Barley, or coolling distilled Waters with Syrup of Limmons, Mulberies, or Barberies, &c. By adding Spirit of Vitriol, Oyl of Sulpher per Capanum, or other Acid Spi­rits in a sufficient quantity to give it a grate­ful Acidity. For the same end they also sometimes prescribe Apozems of the ope­ning Roots, the Herb Sorrel, Lettice, the greater Housleek, Tamarinds, &c. by adding af­ter the boyling, some Acid Syrrups, and an acid Spirit sufficient for a grateful Acidity, that the sick may now and then take a small Draught thereof to temperate the Heat.

If a great Thirst afflict the Feaverish at the time of Heat, half a Dram of Lap. Prunella may be conveniently dissolved in the afore­said Apozeme, or in small Ale, or in a con­venient Julip, for it excellently extingui­sheth Thirst; and therefore those to whom Drink is hurtful, may dissolve the same Me­dicament in Water, but in a greater quan­tity, to wash the Mouth. Here it is well to be noted, that at the time of the Heat, it is not necessary that the Sick should ab­stain [Page 148] from moderate Drinking, which at the time of Cold is altogether required; be­cause we daily see, that if Drink be assumed at the time of the Cold fit, that it is augmented, and the Sick more troubled.

If the Medicaments, even now mentioned for Example, do not take away the Feaver, in the Intervals wherein they are not vexed with the Feaver, this following mixture will much avail. R. Fennel Water three Ounces, Sim­ple Treacle Water six Drams, distilled Vine­gar three Drams, Crabs Eyes prepared half a Dram, Syrup of the five opening Roots, half an Ounce mixt. Of which most simple mix­ture, let one spoonful be taken every two houres; for altering Medicines do operate far better if they be taken by Intervals, then if they be taken abundantly together and at once. If vehement Paines and Watchings do accompany the Feaver, Mixtures are to be used in the Intervals, to which is added, one Grain of Laudanum Opiatum, which Me­dicament we do believe hath also a force of temperating the accimony of the Humours, because we see that Paines arising from the Acrimony of Humours, remain not after Sleep procured by the prudent assumption of Lau­danum Opiat; which in our Opinion could not happen, if that Laudanum had not a force of temperating sharp Humours.

If a pain of the Head accompany the Fea­ver, in stead of fennel water, that of betto­ny, or burrage, may be substituted; and in [Page 149] place of the Syrup of the five Roots, Syrup of Diacodium, or white Poppies. But if the Stomach be evilly affected, Water of Mint or of Carduus Benedictus will be used with better success. If the menses flow not, Water of Peniroyal, Syrup of Mugwort, &c. may be exhibited. If a suffocation of the Womb be present, in stead of those, may be added Spirit of Sal Ammoniack, Tinct of Castor, &c. if the Sick be tormented with flatulencies, Spirit of Nitre may be added; which reme­dy doth greatly help those which are trou­bled with a collick Passion, or any other flatulent Diseases; especially if some Drops thereof be prudently mixed with some Ar­romatick Waters, and the aforesaid Carmi­natives. If the Appetite be prostrate by Reason of too great a quantity of Bile car­ried to the Stomach, which will be known by the Appetite suddenly Destroyed, by bitter Belchings and Cholerick Vomitings, two Scru­ples of Elixir Proprietatis Paracelsi may be added to the last mixture. But if the said evil proceedeth from a vicid pituity detained in the Stomach, which will be known by an aggravated pain in the Stomach, half a Dram of the dulcid Spirit of Salt instead of Elix­ir Proprietatis will be more Conducent if it be mixed with the foresaid mixture.

To the same intent may be directed also divers Apozemes, and other medicate Wines, Powders, Pills, and medicaments against the said Obstructions: Nevertheless you must di­ligently [Page 150] diligently Note, that Apozemes and other Medicaments especially refrigerating which promiscuously they daily compel the Sick to swallow down in a great Dose, sometimes so debillitate their Stomacks that the Appetite is thereby not only Destroyed, but some­times fall into a disdain or Loathing of Ali­ments, from whence a new Affliction is ad­ded to the Sick, and the latter Errour is all­so very often worse than the first. But if notwithstanding before the Physician hath at­tained his desired end, he thinketh some o­ther Humour doth offend by too much plen­ty, that may be diminished with convenient medicines.

The Diet according to the diversity of in­termitting Feavers, must sometimes be chan­ged, because Tertian Feavers accompanied with the greatest Heat, do require a Diet more Cooling than Quartans which very of­ten afflict the Sick with intollerable Cold and Trembling: For we see the moderate use of French Wine, which we are wont to for­bid in all Tertians, somtimes to be granted in Quartans. But such a Diet as may be a­greeable to all intermitting Feavers, every one may gather from what we have already spoken.

We would have further propounded some other Remedies as well accomodated to inter­mitting Feavers as to their Symptomes, had not the most Famous Doctor Sylvius in the [Page 151] first Part of his Praxis already Printed, proposed many, and the most excellent of them.

From my Study, Feb. 2d. 167 5/6. at the Signe of the Globe, and Chymical Furnaces, in the Postern, near Moor-Gate, London.