1. Imaginary Parts.

The Imaginary Parts are only supposed for the better understanding of this Science, divi­ded into 1. Poles, 2. Circles, 3. Zones, and, 4. Climes.

1. The Poles are the extreme points of the Axis, which is supposed to pass through the Centre of the Earth, and on which it is suppo­sed to move daily about. They are the furthest distant from the Aequator; in number two, viz. the Artick or North Pole, and the Antartick or South Pole.

[Page 3]2. The Circles are divided into the Greater and Lesser: the Greater divide the World into two equal parts; in number four, Viz. 1. The Aequator, compassing the Earth equally be­tween (and furthest from) the Poles: when the Sun is here, the days and nights are equal. 2. The Zodiack, in which is the Ecliptick cut­ting the Aequator obliquely, through which the Sun passes in a Year. These two are Immove­able. 3. The Horizon, dividing the Visible parts of the Heavens from the Invisible. 4. The Meridian, dividing the Horizon into two equal parts: when the Sun is here, it is Noon. These two are Moveable.

The Lesser Circles divide the World into two Unequal Parts; they are 1. The Tropicks, which terminate the Sun's distance from the Aequator, being 23 degr. and one half from it: when the Sun is in these, it is either Winter or Summer. They are two, viz. of Cancer on the North, and of Capricorn on the South side of the Aequator. 2. The Polar Circles, 66 degr. and one half of the Aequator, and 23 and one half of the Poles; they are called the Artick and Antartick Circles. 3. The Parallels, which are parallel to the Aequator, set in Maps to shew the Lati­tude, as the Meridian Lines are to shew the Longitude of Places. (Note, that Latitude is the distance from the Aequator, and Longitude from the first Meridian, made common­ly [Page 4] to pass through the Canary Islands.)

3. The Zones are certain spaces of Earth, included between two lesser Circles. In num­ber five; viz. one Torrid Zone, which lies between the Tropicks; two Temperate Zones, between the Tropicks and Polar Circles, and two Frigid Zones, between the Polar Circles and the Poles.

4. A Climate is a space of Earth between two Parallels, in which the longest day is in­creased half an hour: As for example, In the first Climate the longest Day is 12 Hours and a half, in the second Climate 13 Hours, in the third Climate 13 hours and a half, &c.

2. Real Parts.

The Real Parts of the Earth are such as have a real Existance upon the Superficies of the Earth. Didived into 1. Water, and 2. Land.

1. Water is divided into 1. Ocean, called a general Collection or Rendezvous of all Wa­ters, giving bounds to the four Regions of the Earth. 2. Sea, a part of the Ocean incom­passed with Earth, except and streight, such as the Mediterranian and Baltick. 3. Streight, a part of the Ocean, restrained into narrow bounds, opening the way to a Sea, as those of Magalanica and Gibralier. 4. Lake, a large [Page 5] space of Water wholly incompassed with Land, as Parima and Zaire. 5. Creek or Gulf, a crooked Shore, thrusting forth as it were two Arms to hold the Sea, as those of Venice and Lepanto; Rivers, Brooks, Fountains, &c. are well known.

2. Land, divided into 1. Continent, a vast Tract of Land, where many Nations are joyned together, as Europe, Asia, &c. 2. Island, a space of Land wholly incompassed with Sea, as Britain, Madagascar, Iapan, &c. 3. Penin­sula, a space of Land very nigh incompassed with Sea, as Malacca, Morea, &c. 4. Is [...] ­mus, is that space of Land which joyns a Pe­ninsula to a Continent. 5. Promontory, or Cape, or Mountain shooting it self into the Sea, as the Cape of Good Hope, Cape Verde, &c. Mountains, Forrests, Woods, &c. are well known.

3. Inhabitants.

The Earth is divided, in respect of the In­habitants, into the right hand and left. 1. To the Poets, the North was counted the right hand, and the South the left. 2. To Priests, the South is the right hand, and the North the left. 3. To Astronomers, the West is the right hand, and the East the left. And, 4. to Geogra­phers, the East is the right hand, and the West is the left.

[Page 6]The Inhabitants themselves are divided, 1. In respect of their Sight. 2. According to their Shadows. And, 3. according to their Countreys.

1. Those according to their Sight are divi­did into, 1. Antaeci, which live under the same Meridian and same Latitude, but on different sides of the Aequator. 2. Periaeci, which live on the same side of the Aequator and same Latitude, but on opposite sides of the Globe. 3. Antipodes, that live diametrically opposite to each other.

2. Those according to their Shadows, are divided into, 1. Amphiscii, which live in the Torrid Zone, whose shadows tend both ways. 2. Perisscii, which live in the Frigid Zones, whose shadows are on all sides of them. 3. He­terosscii, living in the Temperate Zones, whose shadows tend but one way.

3. Those according to their Countreys and Nations they live in, shall be spoken of after­wards.

4. National Parts.

The Earth, in respect, of its Countreys, is divided into four great parts, viz. 1. Europe, 2. Asia, 3 Africa, and, 4. America, to which are added, 5. Terra Borialis incognita, and, 6. Terra Australis incognita. These are divi­ded [Page 7] into Empires, Kingdoms, Regions, Coun­treys, Nations, &c. These again subdivided into Provinces, Governments, Prefectures, Cir­cles, Circuits, Captainships, Territories, Di­stricts, Counties, Sangiacks, &c.

The chief Empires are six, viz. Turky, Rus­sia, Persia, Tartary, India, and Abissina; to these may be added three others, viz. Germa­ny, Morocco, and Monopotapa. Kingdoms and other inferior Provinces shall be more par­ticularly treated of afterwards.

Countreys are mostly divided according to Princes Dominions (but not always so) se­perated from each other, 1. Sometimes by Sea, as Germany and Denmark from Sweed­land. 2. Sometimes by Rivers, as Natolia from Turcomania. 3. Sometimes by Moun­tains, as France from Spain. 4. Sometimes by Walls as China from Tartary. And, 5. some­times divided only according to the Towns and Forts of the Princes, as France from the Low-Countreys.

1. Spain.

THE Kingdom of Spain lies on the W. of Europe, and on the S. W. of France; in form of a Peninsula, being incompassed on three sides with Sea. Situated between the 7th and the 22 degr. of Lon. and between the 36th and the 44th of Lat. being in length from Cape Creus in Catalonia, to Cape Finestro in Gallicia 630 miles; and in breadth from Gibralter in Andaluzia, to Cape Pennas in A­sturia 480 miles. Together with Portugal, it made up the Roman Diocess of Spain, some­times called Iberia and Hesperia, and after­wards Mus Arabia, and now Spain; by the Natives, La Espanna; by the French, L'E­spagne; by the Italians, La Spagna; by the Polanders, Hispanska; by the Germans, Spanien; and by the Dutch, Spangien.

It was first conquered by the Carthaginians, [Page 11] then by the Romans, then by the Vandals, im­mediately after by the Goths, after that by the Saracens and Moors, and divided into several Kingdoms, till Anno 147 B. Ferdinand drove out the Moor [...] and erected a Monarchy, which still continues. So that the present Government is under its own King, who has many Domi­nions and more Titles, particularly that of the Catholick King. His Royal Seat is Ma­drid.

The Inhabitants descend from the Goths, Moors, Iews, and old Spaniards, all Roman Ca­tholicks. Their Language, the vulgar Spanish or Castilian; a manly Tongue, composed of French, Latine, Gothish, Arabick and old Spa­nish. In Biscay they speak the old Cantabrian, and the Arabick in some of the Mountains in Granada. Their chief Commodities are Sacks, Sugars, Oyl, Metals, Rice, Silk, Orenges, Rai­sins, Wool, Cork, Rosin and Lamb-skins. It contains 14 Provinces, which are as follow­ing.

• 1. Kingdom of Gallicia, but part of the old Gallicia, the most N. W. Province 170 m. l. and 140 br. ch. T. Compostella, Mondonedo, Co­ranna and Lugo.
• 2. Province of Asturia, part of the old Galli­cia; on the E. of Gallicia, 135 m. l. and 60 br. divided into two parts, viz. 1. Asturia de O­viedo, ch. T. Oviedo; and 2. Asturia de San­tillina, [Page 12] ch. T. Santillina. Oviedo is ch. T. of both.
• 3. Province of Biscay, and Cantabria, part of the old Tarraconensis; on the E. of Asturia 120 m. l. and 74 br. divided into three parts, viz. 1. Ipusco or Guipuscoa, ch. T. Placentia; 2. Biscay, ch. T. Bilbo; and 3. Alava, ch. T. Salvatierra. Bilbo is ch. T. of the whole.
• 4. Kingdom of Navarr, part of old Tarra­conensis, on the S. E. of Biscay; 96 m. l. & 88 br. ch. T. are Pampalune, Estella, Olita, and Tudela.
• 5. Kingdom of Aragon, part of Tarraconen­sis and Carthagenensis; on the S. E. of Navarr. 180 m. l. & 120 br. ch. T. are Saragossa, Iac­ca, Balbastro and Huesca.
• 6. Principality of Catalonia, part of old Tarraconensis, on the E. of Aragon; 180 m. l. & 130 br. ch. T. are Barcelona, Taragon, and Tortosa. In this is the Country of Rousillon, un­der the French; ch. T. Peripignan.
• 7. Kingdom of Valencia, part of old Car­thagenensis; on the S. W. of Catalonia; 178 m. l. and 70 br. ch. T. are Valencia, Alicant, Se­gorbe, and Origrella.
• 8. Kingdom of Murcia, part of old Car­thagenensis; on the S. W. of Valencia; 96 m. l. & 70 br. ch. T. are Murcia, Cartegena, and Lorca.
• [Page 13]9. New Castile, part of old Carthagenensis with a little of Lusitania; on the N. W. of Murcia 230 m. l. & 220 br. ch. T. are Ma­drid, Toledo, Alcala de Henares, Cuenca and Ci­vidad Real.
• 10. Old Castile, part of old Gallicia and Carthagenensis; on the N. of new Castile; 190 m. l. & 145 br. ch. T. are Burgos, Valadolid, and Segovia. In this lies the Province of Rioja; ch. T. Logronno.
• 11. Kingdom of Leon, part of old Gallicia and Lusitania; on the W. of old Castile; 165 m. l. & 110 br. ch. T. are Leon, Salamanca, Toro, and Astorga.
• 12. Extremadura part of old Lusitania and Betica; on the S. of Leon; 194 m. l. & 120 br. ch. T. are Placentia, Alcantra, Merida, and Coria. This Pr. by some is made in Leon, and by others in Castile.
• 13. Kingdom of Andalusia, or Vandalitia, part of old Betica, with some of Carthagenen­sis; on the S. of Extremadura and new Castile; 286 m l. 140 br. ch. T. Sevil, Cadis, Cordova, and Iaen.
• 14. Kingdom of Granada, part of old Be­tica; on the S. E. of Andalusia; 220 m. l. & 70 br. ch. T. are Granada, Guadix, and Ma­laga.

The Spanish Isles lie in the Mediterranian, on the S. of Catalonia; they are 1. Majorca, 2. Mi­norca, [Page 14] (these were the old Baleures) and 3. Yvi­ca. Ch. T. are the same again.

Rivers of chiefest note are five, viz. 1. Tego ▪ 2. Ebro, 3. Douro, 4. Guadiana, and 5. Gua­dalquiver.

Principal Mountains (besides the Pirenean Hills) are, 1. Siera Morina, and 2. Nevada.

Archbishopricks 8, Bishopricks 45, Universi­ties 16.

2. Portugal.

THE Kingdom of Portugal, properly a part of Spain, lying on the W. of Leon, Extre­madura, and Andalusia; and on the S. of Gal­licia. Situated between the 7th and 11th degr. and 10 min. of Lon. and between the 36 & 50 min. and the 46 & 20 min. of Lat. being in length from North to South 360 Miles, and in breadth from East to West 136 Miles. It contains a great part of the old Lusitania, with part of old Gallicia and Betica. It is by our modern Linguists falsly called Lusitania.

It was first conquered by the Romans, and run the same fortune with the rest of Spain, till Anno 1139. it had its own Kings, who were afterwards tributary to Spain, till Anno 1640. it revolted, and still remains indepen­dent [Page 15] under its own Kings, who has also con­siderable Dominions in Asia, Africa and Ame­rica. His Royal Seat is Lisbon.

The Inhabitants, as well as those of Spain, are all Roman Catholicks. Their Language is the vulgar Spanish, but has somewhat more of the French than that. Their chief Com­modities are Honey, Allom, Fish, Wine, Oyl, Fruits, white Marble and Salt. It contains six Provinces, which are as following.

• 1. Entre minho douro, part of the old Galli­cia; the most N. Province; 75 m. l. & 54 br. ch. T. are Braga, Porto and Barcelos.
• 2. Tralos montes, part of old Gallicia and Lusitania; on the E. of Entre minho douro; 120 m. l. & 100 br. ch. T. are Miranda, Bra­genza and Villa Real.
• 3. Beira, part of old Lusitania, on the S. of Trolos Montes, and Entre minho douro; 130 m. l. & 95 br. ch. T. are Coimbra, Viseu and Lamego.
• 4. Estremadura, part of old Lusitania; on the S. W. of Beira; 140 m. l. & 80 br. ch. T. are Lisbon, Leiria and Alangver.
• 5. Alentejo, or Entre tejo guadiana, part of old Lusitania and Betica; on the S. E. of Estre­madura; 165 m. l. & 98. br. ch. T. are E­vowra, Elvas and Beja.
• 6. Kingdom of Algarve, part of old Lusita­nia; on the S. of Alentejo; 86 m. l. & 35 br. [Page 16] since united to Portugal; ch. T. are Faro, Lagos and Silves.

Rivers of chiefest note are three, viz. 1. Te­go, 2. Douro, and 3. Guadiana. I find no Moun­tains.

Archbishopricks 3, Bishopricks 10, Univer­sities 2.

3. France.

THE Kingdom of France is a famous Coun­try, lying on the N. E. of Spain, and W. of Germany, and part of Italy, almost in form of a Square. Situated between the 13th and the 27th and 10 min. of Lon. and between the 42 and 15 min. and the 51 and 6 min. of Lat. being in length from the W. parts of Bretagne to the E. parts of Provence 650 miles; and the breadth from the borders of Biscay in Spain, to the N. E. parts of Lorrain 550 miles. It contains the greatest part of the old Gaul, (by some Galatia, and Celto Galatia) now called by the Italians, Franza; by the Portuguez, Franzam; by the Germans, Franckreich; by the Dutch, Vrancryck; and by the Polanders, Francukazemia.

It was first conquered by the Romans, after­wards by the Francks, Goths, and Burgun [...]ians; [Page 17] the chief were the Francks, who erected a Mo­narchy, which has continued in the succession of Kings of three several Races, which by little and little has made themselves as great as any in Christendom. So that it is now un­der its own King, who has the Title of Most Christian King. His Royal Seat is Paris.

The Inhabitants are for the most part Roman Catholicks; the rest are Protestants. Their Language is the vulgar French; a very soft Language, composed of old Gallick, German, and Latine. In some parts of Bretagne they use the old British or Welch. The chief Com­modities are Salt, Fish, Corn, Wines, Almonds, Coral, Canvas, Oade, Linnen, Paper, Wood, and Skins. It contains twelve Governments, besides the Conquests. They are as follow­ing.

• 1. Government of Picardy, part of old Bel­gica secunda, the most N. Province; 130 m. l. & 36 br. divided into, 1. Higher Picardy, containing four Counties; ch. T. are Amiens, and St. Quinten; and, 2. Lower Picardy, con­taining four Counties; ch. T. are Abbeville, Calais, and Boulogne; Amiens is ch. T. of both.
• 2. Government of Champagne, part of Bel­gica 2, and Lugdunensis 1, & 4; on the S. E. of Picardy, 160 m. l. & 130 br. ch. T. are Reims, Troyes, Chalon and Sens. To this is joyn­ed [Page 18] the D. of Barrois, sometimes part of Lorrain; ch. T. Barleduc.
• 3. Government of the Isle of France, part of Belgica Secunda and Lugdunensis 4. on the W. of Champagne 160 m. l. & 115 br. ch. T. is Paris. In this are included, 1. D. of Valois; ch. T. Senlis. 2. Pro. of Gastenois; ch. T. Montargis: And, 3. Pro. of Brie; ch. T. Meaux.
• 4. Government and Dukedom of Norman­dy an. Nestria, and Lugdunensis secunda; on the W. of the Isle of France, and S. W. of Picardy; 175 m. l. & 80 br. divided into the Higher and Lower, and those again into twelve Counties. Ch. T. are Roven, Caen, Alen­con and Coutance.
• 5. Government and Dukedom of Bretagne an. Armorica, part of Lugdunensis tertia; on the S. W. of Normandy, being the most W. part of all France; 180 m. l. & 110 br. divi­ded into Counties. Ch. T. are Rennes, Nants, Brest and Blavet.
• 6. Government of Orleanois, part old Lug. 3 & 4, and Aquitain; on the E. of Bre­tagne; 210 m. l. & 200 br. It contains 13 Provinces: viz. 1. Earl. of Main; ch. T. Mans. 2. Earl. of Perch; ch. T. Nogen. 3. Beauce; ch. T. Chartres. 4. D. of Orleanois; ch. T. Orleans. 5. D. of Nivernois; ch. T. Nevers. 6. D. of Berry; ch. T. Bourges ▪ [Page 19] 7. Blaisois; ch. T. Blois. 8. D. of Vendos­mois; ch. T. Vendosme. 9. D. of Tourain; ch. T. Tours. 10. D. of Anjou; ch. T. An­gers. 11. Earl of Poictu; ch. T. Poictiers. 12. D. of Angoumois; ch. T. Angoumois: And, 13. Aunis; ch. T. Rochelle. Orleans is ch. T. of the whole.
• 7. Government of Burgundy, part of old Lugdunensis prima; on the E. of Orleanois; 180 m. l. & 130 br. It contains four Parts; viz. 1. D. of Burgundy, the greatest part; ch. T. Dyon and Autun. 2. Bress; ch. T. Bourg. 3. Challonois; ch. T. Challon. And, 4. Dombres; ch. T. Trevoux. Dyon is ch. T. of the whole.
• 8. Government of Lionois, part of old A­quitain and Lugdunensis prima; on the S. W. of Burgundy; 208 m. l. & 138 br. It contains seven Provinces, viz. D. of La Marche; ch. T. Gueret. 2. D. of Bourbon; ch. T. Moulins and Bourbon. 3. Low Auvergne; ch. T. Cler­mont. 4. High Auvergne; ch. T. St. Flour. 5. Forest; ch. T. Roanne. 6. Bar. of Beau­ [...]alvis; ch. T. Beaujeu: And, 7. Leonois ch. T. Lions, the chief of the whole.
• 9. Government of Guienne and Gascony, the greatest part of old Aquitain with a little of Narbonensis; on the S. W. of Lionois; 270 m. l. & 230 br. First, Guienne contains nine Provinces, viz. 1. Earl. of Saintogne; ch. T. [Page 20] Saintes. 2. Perigort; ch. T. Perigeux. 3. Li­mosin; ch. T. Limoges. 4. Quercy; ch. T. Ca­hors. 5. Rovergue; ch. T. Rhodes. 6. Age­nois; ch T. Agen. 7. Bazadois; ch. T. Ba­zas. 8. Guienne; ch. T. Bourdeaux: And, 9. Condonois; ch. T. Condom. Secondly, Gasco­ny contains twelve Provinces, viz. 1. Les Lan­des; ch. T. Dax. 2. D. of Albert; ch. T. Al­bert. 3. Gascony; ch. T. Aire. 4. Armanack; ch. T. Aux. 5. Gavre; ch. T. Verdun. 6. Co­minges; ch. T. Lombes. 7. Conserans; ch. T. Bertrant. 8. Prin. of Bearn; ch. T. Pan. 9. Bigorre; ch. T. Tarbe. 10. Soule; ch. T. Mauleon. 11. Base Navarr; ch. T. St. Palais. And, 12. La Bour; ch. T. Bayonne. Bourdeaux is ch. T. of the whole.
• 10. Government of Languedoc, part of old Narbonensis with a little of Aquitain; on the E. of Guienne and Gascony; 238 m. l. & 148 br. It contains three Provinces, viz. 1. Higher Languedoc; ch. T. Thoulousse: in this are in­cluded two others, viz. Albigois, ch. T. Alby; and the Earl of Foix, ch. T. Foix. 2. Lower, Languedoc; ch. T. Mompelier and Nismes: And 3. Serennes, which contains three Provinces, viz. Givandan, ch. T. Mende; Velay, ch. T. La Puy; and Viviers, ch. T. Viviers. The ch. T. of the whole is Thoulousse.
• 11. Government of Dauphine, part of old Narbonensis, afterwards part of Vianensis pri­ma; [Page 21] on the E. of Languedoc; 150 m. l. & 110 br. divided into, 1. Higher Dauphine; ch. T. Ambrun and Pignerol: And, 2. Lower Dau­phine; ch. T. Grenoble and Vienna. Grenoble is chief of both.
• 12. Government of Provence, part of old Narbonensis, afterwards part of Vianensis tertia and prima; on the S. of Dauphine, 160 m. l. and 98 br. ch. T. are Aix, Arles, Marselles, and Toulon. Here is also the County of Venas­cin, (under the Pope) ch. T. Avignon; in which lies the Prin. of Orenge; ch. T. Orenge, by right belonging to our King.
• 13. To these are added two others, viz. the Dukedom of Lorrain, part of old Belgica prima, now under the French. It lies on the E. of Champagne, 128 m. l. & 98 br. divided into three Baliwicks, viz. Nancy, Vandrevauge, and Vauge; ch. T. are Nancy, Me [...]z, Toul, and Verdun. Here is also the Prin. of Salm; ch. T. Salm.
• 14. Franche Comte, or the County of Bur­gundy, part of old Lugdunensis quinta, former­ly under Spain. It lies on the S. of Lorrain, 135 m. l. & 84 br. divided into three Coun­ties, viz. Amoul, Dole, and Aval; ch. T. Be­sanson, Dole, and Salms. Here is also the County of Mombeliart; ch. T. Mombeliart. This and the D. of Burgundy make up one of the 10 Circles of Germany. The Conquests in [Page 22] the Low Countrys and Alsatia shall be treated of afterwards.

Rivers of principal note are four, viz. 1. Loyre, 2. Seyne, 3. Garond, and 4. Rhosne.

Chief Mountains (besides the Pirenean hills) are those called Sevennes in Languedoc.

Archbishopricks 18. Bishopricks 106. Uni­versities 20.

4. Italy.

ITtaly, one of the most famous Countrys in Europe, lies on the S. E. of France, and S. of Germany, incompassed on three sides with Sea. Situated between the 25th and the 40th, and 40 min. of Lon. and between the 37th and 36 min. and the 46th and 10 min. of Lat. It is almost in form of a mans leg, being in length from Geneva to Otranto 760 miles; in breadth from Nizza to Trieste 380, from An­cona to Civita Vechia 134, and from Polica­stro to Barletta but 75 miles. In this extent were comprehended the old Diocess of Rome, the greatest part of that of Italy, and part of Gaul. It was anciently called Ausonia, La­tium, Hesperia, Saturnia, and Oenotria; now, by the Germans, Welschlandt; by the Danes, Valland; by the Turks, Talia; by the Poles, [Page 23] Wolskazemia; and by the Sclavonians, Vloska.

It anciently had several Governments, till conquered by the Romans, who had their Em­perours till conquered by the Goths, and soon after by the Longobards, and after that by the French and Germans, till the Imperial Power failing, it was reduced to several petty Govern­ments; so that it is at present ruled by the King of Spain, the Pope, five Dukes of the greater sort, four of the less, three Common­wealths, with some other small Governments. The chief City is Rome.

The Inhabitants are Roman Catholicks, with some few Protestants in the N. W. parts. Their Language, the vulgar Italian, very courtly and fluent, composed of Latine and old Italian, with some Lombardian in the North, some Go­thish in the middle, and a little Greek in the S. East; but in Savoy they speak the French. Their chief Commodities are Corn, Wine, Oyl, Fruits, Rice, Silks, Velvits, Taffaties, Gro­grams, Sattins, Fustians, Allom and Glasses. It contains 12 Provinces, besides the Isles, which are as following.

• 1. Dukedom of Savoy, part of old Gallia Nor­bonensis; the most N. W. Province bordering on France, 90 m. l. & 60. br. it contains seven parts, viz. 1. The Commonwealth of Geneva, (free) ch. T. Geneva. 2. County of Geneva; ch. T. Annecy. 3. Proper Savoy; ch. T. Cham­bery. [Page 24] 4. Morienne; ch. T. St. Iean. 5. Ta­rentess; ch. T. Moustiers. 6. Fossigny; ch. T. Cluse: And, 7. D. of Chablais; ch. T. Tho­non. Chambery is ch. T. of the whole. It is under its own independent Dukes, except the State of Geneva.
• 2. Principality of Piedmont, part of old Narbonensis, with a little of Liguria; on the S. E. of Savoy, 140 m. l. & 104 br. It con­tains nine Provinces, viz. 1. D. of Aoust; ch. T. Aoust. 2. Signeuri of Vercelli; ch. T. Vercels. In this is the Prin. of Masserino (un­der its own Princes) ch. T. Masserino. 3. Mar. of Susa; ch. T. Susa (under the French). 4. Prendi; ch. T. Turin. 5. Mar. of Iurea; ch. T. Iurea. 6. Proper Piedmont; ch. T. Conio. 7. Asti; ch. T. Asti. 8. Mar. of Sa­luzzo; ch. T. Saluzzo. 9. Nizza; ch. T. Niz­za. Turin is ch. T. of the whole. It is un­der Savoy, except Masserino and Susa.
• 3. Dukedom of Montferret, that part of old Liguria that was called Cisapennina; on the E. of Piedmont, 65 m. l. & 45. br. it compre­hends the Ter▪ of Laughe, and is partly under the Duke of Savoy, and partly under the Duke of Mantua; ch. T. under Mantua, are Casale and Acqui; ch. T. under Savoy, are Alba and Trino. Casale is chief of all.
• 4. The State of Genoa, part of old Liguria, an independent Commonwealth, on the S. of [Page 25] Montferret and E. of Piedmont, 155 m. l. & 30 br. ch T. are Genoa, Savona, Albenga and Noli. In the bounds of this Province lies, 1. The Prin. of Onegla, ch. T. Onegla (under Sa­voy). 2. Mar. of Finale, (under Spain) ch. T. Finale. 3. Town and Mar. of Torreglia, under its own Prince: And, 4. Prince of Mo­naco, under France.
• 5. Dukedom of Milan, the greatest part of old Gallia Transpadana, with some of Liguria; on the N. of Genoa, and E. of Montferret and Piedmont, 155 m. l. & 115 br. It contains eight parts, viz. 1. Milaness, ch. T. Milan. 2. Novare, ch. T. Novara. 3. Lanmellina, ch. T. Lanmellina. 4. Alessandrino, ch. T. Ales­sandria. 5. Tortonese, ch. T. Tortona. 6. Pa­vese, ch. T. Pavia. 7. Lodigiano, ch. T. Lo­di: And, 8. Cremonese, ch. T. Cremona. It is now under the King of Spain.
• 6. Dukedom of Parma, part of the old Gallia Cispadana, on the S. E. of Milan, and N. E. of Genoa, 60 m. l. & 55 br. It is divided into three parts, viz. 1. D. of Parma it self, ch. T. Parma. 2. D. of Piecenza, ch. T. Piecenza: And, 3. Ter. of Busetto, ch. T. Busetto. All under the D. of Parma.
• 7. Dukedom of Modena, part of old Gallia Cispadana; on the E. of Parma, 84 m. l. & 46 br. ch. T. are Modena and Regio. In the bounds of this Dukedom are four other small [Page 26] Provinces, viz. 1. Ter. of Carpi, ch. T. Carpi. 2. Ter. of Corregio, ch. T. Corregio. These two are under the Duke of Modena. 3. D. of Mirandula, ch. T. Mirandula. And, 4. Prin. of Novellara, ch. T. Novellara. These two are under their own Princes.
• 8. Dukedom of Mantua, part of the old Cenomani; on the N. of Modena, 68 m. l. & 38 br. ch. T. Mantua. In the bounds of this Dukedom are four other Soveraignties, (be­sides the Prin. of Bozolo, under the D. of Man­tua,) viz. 1. D. of Sabionetta, ch. T. Sabionet­ta. 2. D. of Guastilla, ch. T. Guastilla. 3. Prin. of Castiglione, ch. T. Castillon: And 4. Prin. of Solfare. These are under their several Princes.

• 9. Commonwealth of Venice, on the N. E. of Mantua, 260 m. l. & 114 br. It contains the old Venetia, Carnia, Istria, and part of Cenomani; now divided into 14 Provinces, viz. 1. B [...]rgamasco, ch. T. Bergamo. 2. Cre­mense, ch. T. Crema. 3. Bressciano, ch. T. Bresscia. 4. Veronez, ch. T. Verona. 5. Vi­centino, ch. T. Vicenza. 6. Paduano, ch. T. Padua. 7. Rovigino, ch. T. Rovigo. 8. Do­gato, ch. T. Venice. 9. Marca Trevigiano, ch. T. Trevigio. 10. Feltrino, ch. T. Feltri. 11. Belluness, ch. T. Belluno. 12. Cadorino, ch. T. Cadore. 13. Friuli, ch. T. Vdine: And, 14. Istria, ch. T. Cabo d' Istria.

  [Page 27]These nine Provinces commonly go under the general name of Lumbardy.

• 10. The State of the Church or the Pope­dom under the Pope, on the S. of Venice, 260 m. l. & 130 br. It contains the old Pro. of Vmbria, Picenum, Sabina, greatest part of La­tium, with part of Gal. Cispadana and Hetru­ria, now divided into 12 Provinces, viz. 1. D. of Ferrara, ch. T. Ferrara. 2. Bologness, ch. T. Bologna. 3. Romagna, ch. T. Ravenna. In this is the Town and Soveraign Mar. of Meldola. 4. D. of Vrbine, ch. T. Vrbine. In this are the County of Citta de Castello; Ter. of Fano; and the Commonwealth of St. Ma­rino, (independent) ch. T. are the same. 5. Mar. of Ancona, ch. T. Ancona. 6. D. of Spoletto or Vmbria, ch. T. Spoletto. 7. Peru­giano, ch. T. Perugia. 8. Orviatano, ch. T. Orvieto. 9. D. of Castro, (under the D. of Parma) ch. T. Castro. 10. St. Peter's Patri­mony; ch. T. Viterbo. In this are the D. of Bra­ciano (under its own D.) County of Ronciglia­no; and that of Citta de Castillana, ch. T. are the same. 11. Sabina, ch. T. Magliano. 12. Campagna di Roma, ch. T. Rome.
• 11. Great Dukedom of Tuscany, but a part of the old Tuscia or Hetruria; on the S. W. of the Popedom, 170 m. l. & 120 br. It contains, 1. The Dukedom of Florence, ch. T. Florence. 2. Ter. of Sienna, ch. T. Sienna. 3. Ter [Page 28] of Pisa, ch T. Pisa and Leghorn. These are under the Duke of Tuscany. 4. Common­wealth of Luca, (independent) ch. T. Luca. 5. The State of Presidii, (under Spain) ch. T. Orbitello. 6. Duke of Carrara and Massa (un­der its own Duke). 7. Prin. of Piombino, ch. T. Piombino: Its Prince is under the protection of Spain. Florence is ch. T. of the whole.
• 12. Kingdom of Naples, on the S. E. of the Popedom, 340 m. l. & 120 br. It contains the old Pro. of Samnum, Campania, Apulia, Messapia, Lucania, Brutium, with a little of Latium; now divided into twelve Provinces, viz. 1. Abruzzo the further, ch. T. Aquila. 2. Abruzzo the nigher, ch. T. Lanciano and Civita di Chie. 3. Molissa, ch. T. Molise. 4. Terra di Lavoro, ch. T. Naples, and Capua. 5. Further Principate, ch. T. Benevento. 6. Nigher Principate, ch. T. Salerno. 7. Basili­cate, ch. T. Cirenza. 8. Capitinate, or Pug­lia, ch. T. Manfredonia. 9. Terra di Bari, ch. T. Bari. 10. Terra di Otranto, ch. T. Otran­to. 11. Calabria the Nigher, ch. T. Cosenze, and Rossano. 12. Calabria the Further, ch. T. Re­gio and St. Severino. It is under the K. of Spain.

The Italian Isles are chiefly three; which are,

• 1. Kingdom of Sicily, on the S. W. of Na­ples, 200 m. l. & 148 br. under the K. of [Page 29] Spain. Divided into three Provinces, viz. 1. Val di Demona, ch. T. Messina and Catana. 2. Val di Noto, ch. T. Siracossa and Noto: And, 3. Val di Mazera, ch. T. Palermo and Mon­treal. Palermo is ch. of all.
• 2. Kingdom of Sardinia an. Ichusua and Sandaliotes, on the N. W. of Sicily, 160 m. l. 94 br. ch. T. are Cagliari, Crestagni and Sas­sari. It is under the K. of Spain.
• 3. Island of Corsica, under the Common­wealth of Genoa, on the N. of Sardinia, 115 m. l. & 55 br. ch. T. are Bastia, Corte, St. Flo­rence, and Boniface.

Rivers of chiefest note are four, viz. 1. Po, 2. Adige, 3. Tiber, and 4. Arno.

Mountains of greatest note, are the Alps and Apennine.

Chief Lakes are eight, viz. 1. Garda, 2. Co­mo, 3. Magjore, 4. Iseo, 5. Lugato, 6. Perugia, 7. Celano, and 8. Bolseno.

Patriarchs three, viz. Rome, Venice, and A­quileja.

Archbishopricks 78, Bishopricks 278, Uni­versities 17.

5. British Isles.

THE British Isles, or the English Domi­nions lie in the Western Ocean, on the N. of France, and W. of Denmark and the Low Countries. Situated between the 8th and the 20th, & 55 min. of Lon. and between the 50 and 59th degr. of Lat. Under this Name are comprehended, 1. England, 2. Wales, 3. Scotland, and 4. Ireland.

6. Low Countries.

THE Low-Countries, a knot of Provinces right against England, on the N. of France, and W. of Germany. Situated between the 49th and 16 min. and the 53 and 37 min. of Lat. and between the 21st and the 26th and 28 min. of Lon. being in length from the N. parts of Groningen, to the S. parts of Luxem­burg 264 miles, and in breadth from the W. parts of Artois, to the E. parts of Luxemburg 192 miles; containing about half of the an­cient Belgium, with some of old Germany. Some­times at present called Belgium, and the Lower [Page 39] Germany, and also the 17 Provinces; by the Dutch, Nederland.

It was first conquered by the Romans, after­wards by the French, then divided into several Governments, till Anno 1309, reduced to one by Philip D. of Burgundy, till Anno 1581, some of the Provinces revolted, declaring themselves free; and since the French have gained several conquests: So that the present Government is under the Hollanders, Spanish, French, and the B. of Liege. The ch. T. of the Vnited Provinces is Amsterdam, and that of the Spanish Provinces is Antwerp.

The Inhabitants of the Spanish Provinces are mostly Papists; in the Vnited Provinces all Re­ligions are suffered, but most are Calvinists. Their Language is the Flemmish, or Low Dutch, a Dialect of the German. In Hainault, Artois, and French Flanders, they use the Wal­loon, or a corrupted French. The chief Com­modities are Linnen, Scarlet, Silks, Velvits, Ar­mours, Ropes, Cables, Butter, Cheese, prepa­red Buff, Ox-hides, Spanish Leather, &c. It contains 17 Provinces, which are,

• 1. Barony of Groningen, the most Northern Province, 45 m. l. & 30 br. containing six little parts, viz. Hunsingo, Westerquarter, Fivelin­go, Goorecht, Oldeamten, and Westerwolt; ch. T. are Groningen, Dam, and Winschoten.
• 2. Barony of West-Friesland, on the W. of Groningen, 36 m. l. & 32 br. containing three [Page 40] small parts, viz. Oostergoe, Westergoe, and Se­venwolden: ch. T. are Lewarden, and Frana­ker.
• 3. Barony of Overyssel, on the S. E. of West-Friesland, and S. of Groningen, 62 m. l. & 46 br. It contains three little parts, viz. Drente, Sallandt, and Twenthe: ch. T. are Daventer, Swoll, and Campen.
• 4. Earldom of Zutphen, on the S. of Over­yssel, 32 m. l. & 26 br. ch. T. Zutphen and Grol. To which is united all the D. of Gelder­land that is under the Hollanders, 56 m. l. & 36 br. ch. T. are Nimmegen and Arnhem.
• 5. Barony of Vtrecht, on the W. of Gel­derland and Zutphen; 42 m. l. & 20 br. ch. T. are Vtrecht, Amersfort, and Duer­stede.
• 6. Earldom of Holland, on the W. of Vtrecht, 70 m. l. & 46 br. (besides the Islands) divided into, 1. North-Holland, ch. T. Amsterdam, Harlem, and Alcamaer; and, 2. South-Holland, ch. T. Rotterdam, Hague, and Leiden.

• 7. Earldom of Zeland, on the S. of Holland; containing seven Islands, viz. Schwoen, D [...]ve­land, Tolen, N. Beverland, S. Beverland, Wolfer­dicke, and Walcheran: ch. T. are Middleburg, and Flussing.

  These are called the Seven Vnited Provinces, one of the most considerable Commonwealths in the World; they contain a part of old Ger­many, [Page 41] some of them being then a part of an­cient Saxony.

• 8. Earldom of Flanders, on the S. W. of Ze­land, 86 m. l. & 65 br. subject to the Spa­niards, French, and Hollanders: ch. T. of the Spaniards, are Ghent and Bruges; of the French, are Dunkirk and Lille; of the Hollanders, are Sluys and Hulst.
• 9. Earldom of Artois, on the S. W. of Flan­ders, 70 m. l. & 65 br. wholly under the French: ch. T. are Arras and St. Omers. To this may be joyned the B. of Cambray: ch. T. Cambray, also under the French.
• 10. Earldom of Hainault, on the E. of Ar­t [...]is, 68 m. l. & 60 br. It belongs mostly to the French. Ch. T. of the Spaniards, are Mons and Aeth; of the French, are Valenciennes and Maubeuge. Mons is ch. T. of both.
• 11. Earldom of Namur, on the E. of Hai­nault, 34 m. l. & 30 br. ch. T. are Namur, Char­lemont, and Charleroy. A little part of it is un­der the French.
• 12. Dukedom of Brabant, on the N. of Namur, 90 m. l. & 72 br. partly under the Hollanders. Ch. T. of the Spaniards, are Brus­sels and Lovain; ch. T. of the Hollanders, are Breda and Boisleduc.
• 13. The Marquisate of the Holy Empire, a small Province in the bounds of Brabant, yet makes one of the 17 Provinces: ch. T. is Ant­werp. So is also,
• [Page 42]14. The Signeury of Mechlin, or Malines, another little Province in Brabant; ch. T. is Mechlin.
• 15. Bishoprick of Liege, on the E. of Bra­bant, 74 m. l. & 35 br. ch. T. Liege and Mae­stricht (under Holland). It is under its own Bish. who is Elec. of Cologn, and is part of the Westphalian Circle in Germany.
• 16. Dukedom of Limburg, also a part of the Westphalian Circle; on the E. of Liege, 38 m. l. & 30 br. ch T. is Limburg. It includes the Ter. of Valkenburg (under the Hollanders) ch. T. Valkenburg.
• 17. Dukedom of Luxumburg, on the S. of Limburg, 82 m. l. & 72 br. partly under the French. Ch. T. of the Spaniards, are Luxum­burg and Bastoigne; ch. of the French, are Thionville and Monmedy. Here is also the D. of Buillon and Ter. of St. Hubert, both under the B. of Liege.

These ten Provinces are called the Spanish or Catholick Provinces, tho' at present not all under Spain. The Inhabitants under Spain, are called Flemmings, and those under France, Wal­loons. They contain part of the old Belgica pri­ma and secunda, with all Germania secunda.

Rivers of principal note are three, viz. 1. Rhine, 2. Maes, and 3. Schold.

Mountains I find not.

Archbishopricks 3, Bishopricks 18, Univer­sities 9.

7. Germany.

THE Empire of Germany lies on the E. of the Low-Countries and France; on the N. of Italy; and on the W. of Poland and Tur­ky, in form of a Square. Situated between the 25th and the 39th and 30 min. of Lon. and between the 45th and 12 min. and the 54 and 50 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Pomerania, to the S. parts of Trent a­bout 640 miles, and in breadth from the W. parts of Triers to the E. parts of Silesia about 550 miles. In these bounds are contained but a part of old Germany, with part of Gaul, Il­lyricum, and some of old Italy, now called by the Inhabitants, Teutschlandt, or Teitschlandt; by the French, Almagne; by the Spaniards, Al­mesia, by the Italians, la Germania, or l' Alle­magnia; by the Dutch, Duistlandt; by the Poles, Nicmieczka; by the Hungarians, Ne­mes: and by the Greeks, Elmagi.

It was a good part co [...]quered by the Ro­mans; after they left it, it was divided among several Nations, till Anno 801 the French con­quered it, and erected an Empire, which still continues, but a great part was soon after dis­membred into many petty Governments; so [Page 44] that it is now under the Government of the Emperour, the K. of Sweedland, K. of France, K. of Denmark; six Soveraign Dukes; three great Bishops; one great Palatine; one Lant­grave; with a great many inf [...]rior Dukes, Earls, Bishops, as also many Imperial Cities and Hance Towns, so that there are above 300 Soveraignties in Germany. The Imperial Seat is Vienna.

The Inhabitants are both Papists and Pro­testants, the later Lutherans and Calvinists. Their Language is the High Dutch, an origi­nal Tongue very harsh. In Bohemia they speak the Sclavonian; the Italian in Tirol and part of Switzerland; the French in part of Alsa­tia and Wallisland; and the Cauchian (among themselves) in Emden. Their chief Commo­dities are Corn, Metals, Allom, Salt, Wine, Flesh, Linnen, Quicksilver, Saffron, Armour, and Iron-works. This Empire is divided into ten Circles, besides other Provinces in these bounds. They are,

• 1. Circle of the Upper Saxony, but a small part of the old Saxony, the most N. E. Pro­vince 380 m. l. & 210 br. It contains three Parts, viz. First, the D. of Pomerania, divi­ded into, 1. Ducal (under the D. of Brand.) ch. T. Camin and Colberg. 2. Royal (under the K. of Sweden.) ch. T. Stetin and Stralsund: To these may be added the Isle and Prin. of [Page 45] Rugen, ch. T. Bergen; and the Isles of Wolin and Wedom, ch. T. the same. Secondly, the Marq. of Brandenburg, divided into, 1. Alt­mark, ch. T. Stendal; 2. Middlemark, ch. T. Berlin; and 3. Newmark, ch. T. Lansperg. Thirdly, the States of Saxony, divided into six Parts, viz. 1. D. of Saxony (under its own D. and Elector) ch. T. Wittenburg. 2. Prin. of Anhalt (under several little Princes) ch. T. Bernburg. 3. Earl of Mansfield (sequestred to the Elec. of Sax.) ch. T. Mansfield. 4. Lan­gravedom of Thuringia, ch. T. Erfurt (under Mentz.) Here is also another Ter. under Mentz and the D. of Hall, Weimar, Gotha, and Eisenach; the Earl of Hoensten, Schwartz­burg, Stolberg, and Beichlingen, ch. T. the same; all under their own Princes of the House of Saxony. 5. Mar. of Misnia, ch. T. Dresden (under the Elec. of Sax.) In the bounds of these Pro. are the D. of Osterland or Altem­burg, with the B. of Mersburg and Naumburg, under their several Princes of the House of Saxony. 6. Voitland, ch. T. Plaven, this is un­der the Elector of Saxony. Ch. T. of the whole Circle is Berlin.
• 2. Circle of the Lower Saxony, part of the old Saxony, on the W. of Upper Saxony, 240 m. l. & 220 br. It contains seven Parts, viz. 1. D. of Holstein, which shall be spoken of in Denmark. 2. D. of Mecklenburg (subject to [Page 46] the two D. of Gustrow and Swerin) ch. T. Wismar. 3. D. of Lawenburg (belonging to Saxony) ch. T. Lawenburg. 4. D. of Breme (subject to the Sweeds) ch. T. Breme; to which is joyned the Prin. of Verdun, ch. T. Verdun. 5. D. of Lunenburg (under its own Dukes) ch. T. Zell and Lunenburg. 6. D. of Bruns­wick, divided into two branches, viz. Wolfen­buttel Brunswick (under its own D.) ch. T. Brunswick, and Wolfenbuttel; and Hanover Brunswick, containing the Ter. of Calenbury, ch. T. Hanover; D. of Grupenhagen, ch. T. Grupenhagen, with the Ter. of Gottingen and Hamelin, all subject to the Prince of Hanover. Within the bounds of this D. are the Bish. of Hildersheim (under its own B.) ch. T. Hil­dersheim; and the Prin. of Halberstat, (sub­ject to the D. of Bran.) ch. T. Halberstat. 7. D. of Magdeburg (under the D. of Bran.) ch. T. Magdeburg, chief of this Circle.
• 3. Circle of Westphalia, on the W. of Lower Saxony, a great part of it was part of the old Saxony, 220 m. l. & 156 br. Setting aside Limburg and Liege, it contains about 31 Pro­vinces, viz. four Dukedoms. 1. Westphalia (under the Arch. of Cologne) ch. T. Arensberg. 2. Berg, (subject to the D. of Bran. ch. T. Dusseldorp. 3. Cleves (under the D. of Bran.) ch. T. Cleves. 4. Iuliers (subject to the D. of Newburg) ch. T. Iuliers. One Principality. [Page 47] 5. Minden (under the D. of Brandenburg) ch. T. Minden. Three Bishopricks. 6. Mun­ster. 7. Paderbone (both under the B. of Mun­ster) 8. Osnaburg (under the D. of Bruns­wick) ch. T. of these are the same. Twenty two Counties. 9. Mark, ch. T. Ham. 10. Ra­vensburg (both under Bran.) 11. Oldenburg, under the K. of Denmark ▪ 12. Piremont, un­der the B. of Munster. 13. Schwaenburg, un­der the Count of Lippe. 14. Hoya, under Lunenburg and Hassia. 15. Diepholt, under Lunenburg. 16. Ritburg, under Munster. 17. Linge, under the Prince of Orange. 18. Em­den, partly under the Hollanders. 19. Lippe. 20. Bentheim. 21. Borchstenfort. 22. Rheda. 23. Tecklenburg. 24. Vlots. 25. Suga. 26. Vir­nenberg. 27. Mandoscheid. 28. Wied and Runckel. 29. Branckhorst or Gronsfeld. And 30. Dilleborg, these twelve are under their own Counts, ch. T. the same. 31. Abbacy of Corbey, ch. T. Corbey, under its own Abbots. Ch. T. of this Circle is Munster.
• 4. Circle of the Upper Rhine, on the S. of Westphalia, containing some part of Old Bel­gium and Franconia; now may be divided in­to five Parts, viz. 1. The Lantgravedom of Hassia (under its own Prince) ch. T. Cassel. In the bounds of this lies the County of Wal­dick, ch. T. Waldick; and the Abbacy of Fuld, ch. T. Fuld, both under their own Princes. [Page 48] 2. The Confederation of Weteraw, which are Weteraw, ch. T. Dillenburg; Nassaw, (under the Prince of Orange) ch. T. Nassaw; Solms, Hanaw, Eysenberg, Sayn, Witgenstein, &c. ch. T. the same; all under their own Counts. 3. County of Erpach, by some put in Franconia, (under its own Count) ch. T. Erpach, ad­joyning to this is the Lan. of Darmstat or Gere­war, ch. T. Darmstat; its Prince is of the Fa­mily of Hassia. 4. Bish. of Spires, in the bounds of the Palatinate, but of this Circle, (under its own B) ch. T. Spires (free). 5. Lan. of Alsatia, (under the French) divided into three parts, viz. Lower Alsatia, ch. T. Strasburg; Higher Alsatia, ch. T. Colmar; and Suntgow, ch. T. Mulhausen. Strasburg is ch. T. of this Circle.
• 5. Circle of the Lower Rhine, divides the Upper Rhine into two parts, being 180 m. l. & 145 br. It contains part of old Belgium, and some of Franconia. Now divided into four parts, viz. 1. Arch. of Cologne, ch. T. Co­logn, and Bonn. In the bounds of this lies the County of Meurs (under the Prince of Orange) ch. T. Meurs. 2. Arch. of Triers, ch. T. Tri­ers and Coblentz. 3. Arch. of Mentz, ch. T. Mentz. In the bounds of this lies the Ter. of Francford, usually set in Franconia, ch. T. Francford (free). 4. Palatinate of the Rhine, divided into thirteen Baliwicks, ch. T. Hidelberg. [Page 49] In the bounds of this lies the Bish. of Worms, (under its own B) ch. T. Worms (free). To these we may add the D. Zweybruken, or Deux Points (under the French) ch. T. Zweybruck. These four Provinces are all under their own Princes, who are Electors; but the French have still some of the Western parts. Cologne is ch. T. of the Circle.
• 6. As for the Circle of Burgandy, which lies next, has been already spoken on in France, and now has no Votes in the Diets, therefore I shall pass on to the next.
• 7. Circle of Suabia, or Schwaben, an. Suevia, on the S. E. of the Circles of the Rhine, 148 m. l. and as many br. Some of it was part of the old Vindilicia. It contains about eighteen parts, viz. one Dukedom, 1. of Wirtemburg, ch. T. Stugart; two Bishopricks, viz: 2. Con­stance, (under the Emperour) ch. T. Constance. 3. Ausburg, ch. T. Ausburg; three Marqui­sates. 4. Baden, ch. T. Baden. 5. Burgaw, ch. T. Burgaw. 6. Ortnaw, ch. T. Offenburg, (these two are under the Emperour) two Prin­cipalities. 7. Furstemburg, ch. T. Furstem­burg. 8. Hoen Zollern, ch. T. Hoen Zollern. Three Counties. 9. Oeting, ch. T. Oeting. 10. Rechberg, ch. T. Gemund. 11. Konig­seck, ch. T. Konigseck. Three Baronies. 12. Waldburg, ch. T. Waldburg. 13. Limpu [...]g, ch. T. Limpu [...]g. 14. Iustingen, ch. T. Iustin­gen. [Page 50] 15. State of the Fuggers, ch. T. Ba­benhausen. 16. State of Vlm, ch. T. Vlm. 17. Abbacy of Kempten, ch. T. Kempten. These, besides some before excepted, are un­der their own Princes. Here is also, 18. the Ter. of Brisgow, ch. T. Friburg, with several other nameless Territories under the Emperour, and also about 35 free Towns. The ch. T. of this Circle is Ausburg.
• 8. Circle of Franconia, or Franckenland, but a part of the old Franconia; on the N. E. of Suabia, 134 m. l. and as many br. It con­tains about sixteen parts, viz. three Bishop­ricks, 1. Wurtzburg, ch. T. Wurtzburg. 2. Bamberg, ch. T. Bamberg. 3. A [...]chstat, ch. T. Aichstat, all under their own Bishops. One Dukedom of, 4. Coburg, (under the House of Saxony) ch. T. Coburg. One Principality, 5. Henneberg, ch. T. Smalkaden, part under the House of Saxony, and part under Hussia. Two Marquisates, 6. Culemba [...]h, (under the D. of Bran.) ch. T. Culembach. 7. Onspach, ch. T. Onspach. The Prince is a branch of the House of Brandenburg. Six Counties, 8. Wertheim, ch. T. Wertheim. 9. Holach, ch. T. Oringen. 10. Papenheim, ch. T. Papenheim. 11. Rei­neck, ch. T. Reineck. 12. Schwartzenberg, ch. T. Schwartzenberg. 13. Castel, ch. T. Castel, all under their own Counts. 14. Bar. of Sensheim, ch. T. Sensheim, under its own [Page 51] Prince. 15. State of Nurenburg, ch. T. Nu­renburg. 16. State of the great Master of the Tutonick Order, ch. T. Margentheim. Here are also about six free Towns. The ch. T. of the whole Circle is Nurenburg.
• 9. Circle of Bavaria, on the S. E. of Fran­conia, containing part of the old Vindilitia and Noricum, with some of old Franconia. It is 215 m. l. & 154 br. and contains three parts, viz. 1. Nortgow, or the Palatinate of Bavaria; in which is the Lantgravedom of Leutchtenberg, ch▪ T. Leutchtenberg; and the Ter. of Amberg, ch. T. Amberg, both under the D. of Bavaria. 2. Dukedom of Bavaria, (under its own D. and Ele­ctor) ch. T. Munchen. In this are the Bish. of Ra­tisbone, Passaw, and Freysingen; and the Abba­eies of Waldhfassen, St. Haimeran and Keys­sheim, ch. T. the same; all under their own Princes. 3. Archbish. of Saltzburg, (under its own Arch.) ch. T. Saltzburg. Beside these, in­termixed with Nortgow and the D. of Bava­ria, lies the D. of Newburg, ch. T. Newburg. The Duke is also Elector Palatine of the Rhine. Ch. T. of this Circle is Munchen.
• 10. Circle of Austria, on the S. E. of Ba­varia, 335 m. l. & 216 br. It contains part of the ancient Noricum and Panonia, with some of Rhaetia, now belonging wholly to the Em­perour, as being of the House of Austria. It contains six Provinces, viz. 1. The Archduke­dom [Page 52] of Austria, divided into the Lower, ch. T. Krems; and the Higher, ch. T. Vienna and Lintz. 2. Duke of Stiria, ch. T. Gratz. 3. C [...]unty of Cilley, ch. T. Cilley. 4. D. of Cara [...]la, ch. T. Laubach; in this are included the [...] of Windishmark, ch. T. Metling; and the County of Goritia, ch. T. Goritz. 5. D of Carinthia, ch. T. Clagenfurt. 6. Coun­ty of Tirol, ch. T. Inspruck, in which are in­cluded the Bish. of Trent, (in some measure un­der its own B.) ch. T. Trent; and the B. of Brixen, ch. T. Brixen; and also the County of Bregentz, ch. T. Bregentz. Vienna is ch. T. of this Circle.
• 11. To these Circles may be added the Kingdom of Bohemia, or B [...]hemerland, on the N. of Austria. It is (taking it in the largest extent) 275 m. l. & 226 br. the Seat of the old Bojemi, Marcomanni, and Quadi; now for the most part subject to the House of Austria. Under this name are comprehended four Pro­vinces, viz. 1. Bohemia it self, ch. T. Prage, Kuttenberg and Egra. 2. Mar. of Lusatia, (under the Elec. of Sax.) divided into the Low­er, ch. T. Soraw; and the Higher, ch. T. Paut­zen and Zittaw. 3. Duke of Silesia, divided into the Higher, ch. T. Troppaw; and the Lower, ch. T. Breslaw and Glogaw, with the D. of Crossen, (under the D. of Bran.) ch. T. Crossen. 4. Mar. of Misnia, ch. T. [Page 53] Olmuntz and Brin. The ch. T. of the whole is Prage.
• 12. Also in the bounds of Germany lies Swit­zerland, a great Commonwealth made up of many small ones, containing the ancient Helve­tia, part of Rhaetia, Gal. Narbonensis, and Tran­spadana. It lies on the S. of Suabia, 220 m. l. & 140 br. consisting of three parts, viz. 1. The Cantons, which are thirteen, viz. Zurick, Bern, Basil, Lucern, Soluthern, Freiberg, Schaf­hausen, Switz, Zug, Appenzel, Glaritz, Vnder­walden, (ch. T. Stantz) and Vri (ch. T. Altorf) ch. T. of the rest are the same. 2. The States Confederate, which are six, (besides Gene­va, Mulhausen and Rotweil) viz. The Grisons, ch. T. Coire; Wall [...]sland, ch. T. Sion; Va­latoline, ch. T. Sundrio; Bish▪ of Basil with the Ter. of Biel, ch. T. Biel; Ter. of St. Gall, ch. T. St. Gall; Ter. of Neuenburg, ch. T. Neuenburg. 3. The Praefectures, which are the Towns and Countries of Baden, Bremgar­ten, Mellingen, Rapesvila, Wagenthal, Tergow, Sangans, and Walenstat; the Vallies of Locarn, Lugan▪ Mend [...]isi, and Madia; the Bali [...]ges of Belinzona, [...]asteren, Vlzenach, Granson, Morat, Orbe, and Schwarzimburg; and the Count Ver­demburg. Basil is ch. T. of all.

Rivers of principal note are five, viz. 1. Rhine, 2. Danow, 3. Elbe, 4. Oder, and 5. We­ser.

[Page 54]Mountains of greatest note are, 1. Fichtel­berg, incircling Bohemia, and 2. Schwartzwald in Suabia.

Archbishopricks 7. Bishopricks 43. Univer­sities 30.

8. Denmark.

THE Kingdom of Denmark lies on the N. of Germany (and setting aside Norway and the Isles) is that Peninsula which was anciently called Cimbricus Chersonesus. It is situated be­tween the 27th and 5 min. and the 31st and 8 min. of Lon. and between the 53d and 52 min. and the 58th degr. of Lat. being in length from Hamburg to Scagen about 250 miles, and in breadth 90, but in some places but 25 miles. Sometimes reckoned a part of old Germany; now called by the Natives, Denemark; by the Italians and Spaniards, Danamarca; and by the Poles, Dunska.

How it was governed anciently it is uncer­tain, but it has had its own Kings ever since Anno 797, and in the Year 1379 Norway (which before had also its own Kings) was u­nited to it. So that the Government at pre­sent is under its own hereditary King, whose Royal Seat is at Copenhagen.

[Page 55]The Inhabitants are Protestants, and for the most part Lutherans. Their Language a Dia­lect of the German; but in Norway they speak it with more difference. Their chief Commo­dities are Fish, Tallow, Furniture for Ships, Armours, Oxhides, Buckskins, Firwood, and Wainscoat. Under this name are compre­hended six parts; the three first are in the Pe­ninsula.

• 1. North Iuitland, the most N. Pr. in the Peninsula, 134 m. l. & 90 br. It contains four Diocesses or Provinces, viz. 1. Aalborg, or Burglave, ch. T. Aalborg. 2. Wiborg, ch. T. Wiborg. 3. Arhusen, ch. T. Arhusen. 4. Ri­pen, ch. T. Frederickstat and Ripen. Ch. T. of the whole is Wiborg.
• 2. Dukedom of Sleswick, or South Iuit­land, by the Inhabitants, Hertzogthumb Sles­wick; on the S. of North Iuitland, 80. m. l. & 48 br. It belongs to the Duke of Holstein, though not absolutely. Ch. T. are Sleswick, Tonningen, and Flensburg.
• 3. Dukedom of Holstein, on the S. of Sles­wick, part of the Circle of the Lower Saxony, 90 m. l. & 52 br. partly under its own Duke. It contains four Provinces, viz. 1. Ditmarch, ch. T. Meldorp. 2. Proper Holstein, ch. T. Kiel. 3. Stormaria, ch. T. Geluckstat. 4. Wagerland. ch. T. Lubeck. To these is added the Ter. of Hamburg, ch. T. Hamburg; free.
• [Page 56]4. The Islands in the Baltick Sea, lie on the E. of Iuitland; they are chiefly two, viz. 1. Zeland, ch. T. Copenhagen and Roschild. 2. Fu­nen, ch. T. Odense and Middlefurt. Here are also some others, as Bornholm, Falster, Laland, Langland, Alsen, Femeren, Mone, Aar, &c.
• 5. Kingdom of Norway, or Norrick, on the N. of Iuitland, part of the old Scandinaria, 1200 m. l. & 240 br. It contains five Govern­ments, viz. 1. Bahus (under the Swedes) ch. T. Bahus and Marstrand. 2. Aggerhus, ch. T. Agger and Opslo. 3. Bergerhus, ch. T. Ber­gen. 4. Dronthemus ▪ ch. T. Dronthem, 5. Werd­hus, the same with Finmark, (partly under the Swedes) ch. T. Werdhus. Ch. T. of the whole is Bergen.
• 6. The Islands in the Frozen Ocean are chiefly these, 1. Iseland, a considerable Isle, 400 m. l. & 180 br. ch. T. are Skalholt and Hola. 2. Fresland, ch. T. Fresland. 3. Groen­land, ch. T. Bearford. 4. Isles of Fero, ch. T. Strom.

Chief Rivers are Trave and Stoer.

I find no Mountains.

Archbishopricks 2. Bishopricks 13. Univer­sities 2.

9. Swedeland.

THE Kingdom of Swedeland lies on the W. of Russia, and E of Norway. Situated between the 30th and 30 min. and the 60th and 50 min. of Lon. and between the 55th and 50 min. and the 68th and 52 min. of Lat. being in length from Gottenburg in Gothland, to the E. parts of Finland about 900 miles; and in breadth from Vsted in Scania, to the N. parts of Lapland (in Swedeland) about 820 miles. Not so large as it seems, by reason of the Botner Sea, which divides it in the middle. It contains the greatest part of old Scandinavia, with part of Sarmatia. Now called by the Inhabitants, Swerie, Swedenrick and Sweriesryck; by the Germans, Schweden; by the French, Swede; and by the Poles, Szwecya and Szwed­zka Ziemia.

It was anciently sometimes under the Danes and sometimes under the Norwegians, but it has had its own Kings ever since Anno 800; they were sometimes Kings of Denmark also. So it is at present governed by its own hereditary Kings, who have many Dominions in Germany, Poland and other places. His Royal Seat is at Stockholm.

[Page 58]The Inhabitants are Protestants, and those chiefly Lutherans; in Livonia they are both Protestants and Papists. Their Language is a corrupt Dialect of the German or High Dutch; but in Lapland and Finland they use the old Finnick; and the Estones in Livonia have a pe­culiar Tongue. Their chief Commodities are Metals, Ox-hides, Goat-skins, Buck-skins, and costly Furs; Pine-trees, Fir, Oaks, Tallow, Tar, Honey, &c. It is divided into seven Provin­ces, which are,

• 1. The Coast of Schonen, or Scania, some­times South Gothland; the most S. W. Pro­vince, 160 m. l. & 70 br. by most Geogra­phers set in Denmark, but now a part of Swede­land. It is divided into three parts, viz. 1. Halland, ch. T. Helmstat and Laholm. 2. D. of Schonen, ch. T. Lunden and Malmogen: And 3. Bleking, ch. T. Christianstadt and Ahus. Ch. T. of the whole is Lunden.
• 2. Gothland, on the N. of Schonen, 240 m. l. & 200 br. divided into two parts, 1. East Got­land, containing two Provinces, viz. Ostrogoth, ch. T. Linkoping; and Smalland, ch. T. Cal­mar. To this may be added two Isles in the Baltick, viz. Oeland, ch. T. Borkholm; and Gothland, ch. T. Wisby. 2. West Gothland, containing three Provinces, viz. Westrogoth, ch. T. Gottenburg; Dalia, ch. T. Daleborg; and Vermland, ch. T. Carolstadt. Ch. T. of the whole is Calmar.
• [Page 59]3. Kingdom of Sweden, on the N. of Goth­land, 360 m. l. & 250 br. divided into ten Provinces, viz. 1. Sudermania, ch. T. Niko­ping. 2. Nericia, ch. T. Orebro. 3. West­mania, ch. T. Arosia. 4. Vpland, ch. T. Stock­holm and Vpsale. 5. Gestricia, ch. T. Gevelia. 6. Dalecarle, ch. T. Hedemore. 7. Helsingia, ch. T. Hadswickwalt. 8. Medalpadia, ch. T. Selanger. 9. Iemterland, ch. T. Alsne. 10. An­germanland, ch. T. Hernosand. Ch. T. of the whole is Stockholm.

• 4. Lapland (that is that part which is sub­ject to Swedeland) lies on the N. E. of Sweden, 500 m. l. & 240 br. It is divided into five Provinces, viz. 1. Vma, ch. T. Vma. 2. Pi­tha, ch. T. Pitha. 3. Lula, ch. T. Lula. 4. Tornia, ch. T. Tornia: And, 5. Kimi, ch. T. Kimi. Tornia is reckoned the ch. T. of the whole.

  These four Provinces, together with Nor­way, make up the ancient Scandia or Scandina­via.

• 5. Dukedom of Finland, on the S. E. of Lapland, 520 m. l. & 380 br. divided into eight Provinces, viz. 1. Cajania, or Bothnia, ch. T. Cajaneburg. 2. Kexholm, ch. T. Kex­holm. 3. Savolaxia, ch. T. Nyslot. 4. Tava­stia, ch. T. Tavastia or Croneborg. 5. N. Fin­land, ch. T. Orneburg. 6. S. Finland, ch. T. Abo. 7. Nyland, ch. T. Borgo. 8. D. of [Page 60] Carelia, ch. T. Wiborg. Abo is ch. T. of the whole.
• 6. Lordship of Ingria, on the S. of Finland, 140 m. l. & 100 br. once part of Russia, but now under Swedeland, ch. T. are Notteborg, Iuanograd and Coporio.
• 7. Livonia, or Lifeland, on the S. W. of In­gria, once part of Poland, 240 m. l. & 200 br. divided into two parts, viz. 1. Estland, ch. T. Narva and Revel; and, 2. Lettenland, ch. T. Riga and Walmar. To this are added two Isles, viz. Oesel, ch. T. Ausburg; and Dagho, ch. T. Dagewoort.

These three last Provinces were anciently a part of Sarmatia Europea.

Rivers of chiefest note are four, viz. 1. Me­ler, 2. Dalacarle, 3. Torne, and 4. Angerma­nia.

Mountains of greatest note are the Dofrine­hills, parting Sweden from Norway.

Principal Lakes are four, viz. 1. Ladoga, 2. Wener, 3. Weter, and 4. Iende.

Archbishopricks 3, Bishopricks 15, Univer­sities 2.

10. Russia.

THE Empire of Russia is a vast Country, bordering on Tartary, and lying on the E. of Swedeland and Poland. Situated between the 48th and the 102d degree of Lon. (accord­ing to F. de wit) and between the 45th and the 71st degr. of Lat. being in length from the S. parts of Astracan, to the month of the Riv. Oby about 1660 miles, and in breadth from the borders of Livonia to Oby at the same Lat. a­bout 1530 miles. It contains the greatest part of the ancient Sarmatia Europea, called some­times Russia, Alba, and Muscovy; by the Inha­bitants, Rusz; by the Germans, Rustandt; by the Poles, Moskwa and Russenlandt; and by the Turks, Russ.

The old Inhabitants were the Sarmatians, first conquered by the Rossi, afterwards by the Tartars, till at last they shook off their Yoak, and erected a Monarchy, which still continues. So that it is at present governed by its own Emperors, commonly called the Great Tzar or Duke of Muscovy, the most absolute of any Prince in Christendom. His Seat is at Mos­cow.

[Page 62]The Inhabitants are chiefly of the Greek Church, but differing in many Points, and some of the North parts are Idolaters. Their Language a Dialect of the Solavonian, but much corrupted and mixt with others. In In­horski they use a corrupt Hungarian, and in Petzora, P [...]rmski, and Czeremissans, they have one by themselves. Their Commodities are Furs, Sables, Martins, Wax, Honey, Tallow, Train-Oyl, Cavier, Hemp, Flax, Iron, Slad, Salt-Petre, Brimstone, &c. It is divided into 37 Provinces, which are as following.

• 1. Republick of Lapland, the most N. W. Province, 440 m. l. & 240 br. divided into Tenskoy, Mouramanskoy, and Bellamores; ch. T. are Kola, Warsiga, and Kandolax.
• 2. Province of Kargapol, on the S. E. of Lap­land, 320 m. l. & 210 br. ch. T. is Karga­pol.
• 3. Province of Divina, on the N. E. of Kar­gapol, 370 m. l. & 220 br. ch. T. are Archangel and Divina.
• 4. Dukedom of Cordora, on the E. of Divi­na, 280 m. l. & 260. br. ch. T. is Wircha­touria.
• 5. Dukedom of Inhorski, on the N. of Con­dora; ch. T. —
• 6. Province of Petzora, on the E. of In­horski, 330 m. l. & 120 br. ch. T. is Pet­zora.
• [Page 63]7. Republick of Samoedes, on the N. E. of Petzora; ch. T. —
• 8. Dukedom of Obdora, on the E. of Samoe­des; ch. T. is Berezow.
• 9. Kingdom of Siberia, on the S. of Obdora and Petzora; ch. T. is Tobalska.
• 10. Dukedom of Wiathka, on the W. of Siberia, 420 m. l. & 310 br. ch. T. is Oor­loff.
• 11. Dukedom of Permski, on the N. W. of Wiathka, 280 m. l. & 190 br. ch. T. is Per­maveleck.
• 12. Province of Vstinga, on the W. of Permski, 330 m. l. & 240 br. ch. T. is V­stinga.
• 13. Dukedom of Wologda, on the S. W. of Vstringa, 300 m. l. & 190 br. ch. T. is Wo­logda.
• 14. Dukedom of Novogrod Weliki, on the W. of Wologda, 340 m. l. & 240 br. ch. T. is Novogrod Weliki.
• 15. Dukedom of Belejezoro, between Novo­grod and Wologda, 140 m. l. & 90 br. ch. T. Belejesoro.
• 16. Principality of Pleskow, on the W. of Novogrod Weliki, 160 m. l. & 110 br. ch. T. is Pleskow.
• 17. Dukedom of Rescow, on the S. E. of Pleskow, 220 m. l. & 70 br. ch. T. is Res­cow.
• [Page 64]18. Principality of Bielski, on the S. of Rescow, 90 m. l. & 45 br. ch. T. Biel­ski.
• 19. Dukedom of Smolensko, on the S. of Bielski and Resco, 230 m. l. & 80 br. ch. T. Smolensko and Mosaiske.
• 20. Dukedom of Moscow, on the N. E. of Smolensko, 200 m. l. & 140 br. ch. T. Moscow and Olesko.
• 21. Dukedom of Twer, on the N. W. of Moscow, 120 m. l. & 75. br. ch. T. is Twer.
• 22. Dukedom of Rostow, on the E. of Twer and N. of Moscow, 175 m. l. & 90 br. ch. T. is Rostow.
• 23. Dukedom of Ieroslow, on the N. of Rostow, 150 m. l. & 80 br. ch. T. is Iero­slow.
• 24. Dukedom of Susdal, on the E. of Ie­roslow and Rostow, 210 m. l. & 145 br. ch. T. is Susdal.
• 25. Dukedom of Wolidimer, on the S. of Susdal, 140 m. l. & 85 br. ch. T. is Wolidi­mer.
• 26. Dukedom of Nisi Novogrod, on the E. of Susdal and Wolidimer, 320 m. l. & 200 br. ch. T. is Nisi Novogrod.
• 27. Republick of Czeremissi Lognoisenne, with Czeremissi Nagornoi, on the E. of Nisi No­vogrod; ch. T. —
• [Page 65]28. Kingdom of Cazan, on the E. of the Czeremissi, 340 m. l. & 320 br. once part of Tartary; ch. T. Cazan.
• 29. D. of Bulgar with Pascater and Besegert, on the S. E. of Cazan, 550 m. l. & 210 br. ta­ken from the Tartars; ch. T. is Bulgar.
• 30. Kingdom of Astracan, on the S. of Bul­gar, 540 m. l. & 320 br. also taken out of Tar­tary; ch. T. Astracan.
• 31. Prov. of Pole, on the N. W. of Astracan; ch. T. is Icoritz.
• 32. Prov. of Okraina, on the W. of Pole; ch. T. Biellogrod.
• 33. Tartars of Mordwits, on the N. E. of O­kraina; ch. T. Moruma.
• 34. Dukedom of Rezan, on the W. of the Mordwitz and N. of Okraina, 300 m. l. & 95 br. ch. T. Rezan.
• 35. Duke. of Worotin or Severia, on the W. of Rezan and Okrainia, 300 m. l. and 160 br. ch. T. is Worotin.
• 36. D. of Novogrod Sewarski, on the W. of Worotin, once part of Poland, 160 m. l. & 110 br. ch. T. Novogrod Sewarski.
• 37. D. of Czernihow, on the W. of Novogrod Sewarski, also once part of Poland; ch. T. is Czernihow.

Rivers of principal note are four, viz. 1. Wolga, 2. Dwina, 3. Tanais, or Don, and 4. part of Oby.

[Page 66]Mountains of greatest note are those which were called the Hyperborean and Riphean Moun­tains.

Lakes of chiefest note are, 1. Belejezor [...], and 2. Ilmen, with part of Ladoga and One­ga.

Here is one Patriarch, viz. Moscow, 4 Arch­bishopricks, 18 Bishopricks, and no Univer­sity.

11. Poland.

THE, Kingdom of Poland lies on the W. of Russia, on the E. of Germany, and N. of Turky in Europe; situated between the 35th and 40 min. and the 58th and 28 min. of Lon and between the 57th and 25 min. and the 47th and 30 min. of Lat. being in length from the borders of Brandenburg, to the E. parts of Vkrane about 880 miles; the breadth from the N. parts of Curland to the S. parts of Rus­sia Rubra about 580 miles. It was part of the ancient Sarmatia Europea, and part of the old Germany, sometimes called Weonodland, now Poland by the Natives, Poloska; by the Ger­mans, Die Polen; and by the French, Po­logne.

[Page 67]It was anciently governed by Dukes for a­bout 400 years, and then by their Kings, which Government still continues. At present it is an aggregate Body of several Provinces united into one Estate; the King is elective, and must be of the Roman Catholick Reli­gion. Part of this Country is under the K. of Sweden, D. of Brandenburg, and D. of Cur­land, (who is tributary) and some parts of V­krane is in a manner free. The King's Seat is at Warsaw, but the ch. T. is Cracow.

The Inhabitants tolerate all Religions, but the Roman Catholick is most predominant, next that of the Greek Church. Their Lan­guage is a Dialect of the Sclavonian or Sarma­tian, yet it differs much from it; in some of the S. E. parts they speak the Cosack or Tarta­rian. Their chief Commodities are Wax, Lin­nen, Boards, Masts for Ships, Pitch, rich Furs, Salt, Amber, Ashes, Soap, Corn, Milk, Butter, Cheese, Rozin, &c. It is divided into twelve great Provinces, which are,

• 1. Dukedom of Curland, the most N. Pr. including the Pr. of Semigellin, 220 m. l. & 90 br. ch. T. are Mittaw and Godlingen, reckoned by some a part of Livonia; now under its own (almost) independent Dukes.
• 2. Province of Samogitia, on the S. of Cur­land, sometimes (as were several of these Pro­vinces) a part of Russia, 195 m. l. & 120 br. [Page 68] divided into three Counties; ch. T. are Ros­sienne and Schovenden.
• 3. Dukedom of Lithuania, on the S. E. of Samogitia, 440 m. l. & 280 br. It contains eleven Provinces, the eight first being Palati­nares. 1. Polockzkien, 2. Braslawen, 3. Wilna, 4. Troki, 5. Novogrod, 6. Minskien, 7. Witep­skien, 8. Mscislawen, 9. Ter. of Rzeczyca, 10. D. of Sluczk, 11. Ter. of Rohaczow; ch. T. are the same. Wilna is ch. T. of the whole.
• 4. Dukedom of Prussia, on the N. of Li­thuania, 250 m. l. & 108 br. divided into, viz. 1. Royal Prussia, including Pomerellia, sub­ject to the Swedes; ch. T. are Dantzick, (free) Marienburg and Culm. 2. Ducal Prussia, un­der the D. of Brandenburg; ch. T. Konings­berg, Elbing and Memel. Ch. T. of the whole is Dantzick.
• 5. Province of Poland, part of old Germany, on the S. of Prussia, 320 m. l. & 270 br. di­vided into two parts, viz. 1. Great Poland, containing nine Palatinates, viz. Posna, Kalish, Wladislaw, Dobrzin, Plocksko, Brzestye or Cuja­via, Rava, Lancicia, and Siradia; ch. T. the same. 2. Little Poland, containing three Pa­latinates, viz. Lublin, Sandomir and Cra­cow; ch. T. the same. Cracow is ch. T. of the whole.
• 6. Dukedom of Massovia, or the Palatinate of Czersko, on the E. of Poland and S. of Prus­sia, [Page 69] some of it was part of the old Germany. It is 140 m. l. 114 br. ch. T. are Warsaw, Czer­sko and Blonicz.
• 7. Polachia, on the E. of Massovia and W. of Lithuania, including the Palatinate of Biel­skien, 135 m. l. & 48 br. ch. T. are Bielsko and Augustow.
• 8. Polesia, or the Palatinate of Bresisi, on the E. of Polachia and S. W. of Lithuania, 240 m. l. & 86 br. ch. T. are Breste and O­lewsko.
• 9. Russia Rubra, on the S. W. of Polesia, 226 m. l. & 175. br. It contains three Palatinates, viz. 1. Chelm, ch. T. Chelm. 2. Belz, ch. T. Belz: And, 3. Lemburg, (in which is the Pro. of Pokatia, ch. T. Halicz) ch. T. Lemburg or Lwow, the ch. of the whole.
• 10. Volhinia Superior, or the Palatinate of Luceoria, on the E. of Russia Rubra and S. of Polesia, 280 m. l. & 115 br. ch. T. are Lucko and Wlozimirz.
• 11. Vkrane or Volhinia Inferior, or the Pa­latinate of Kiow, on the E. of Volhinia Superior, partly under Russia, 280 m. l. & 180 br. ch. T. are Kiow and Czirkassi. In this Province are the Cossacks in a manner free.
• 12. Podolia, on the S. of both Volhinias, 350 m. l. & 112 br. containing, 1. The Higher, or the Pal. of Kaminieck; ch. T. Kaminieck and Bar. 2. The Lower, or the Pal. of Bra­claw, [Page 70] ch. T. Braclaw and Brailaw: ch. T. of both is Kaminieck.

Rivers of principal note are four, viz. 1. Nieper, 2. Wiessel, 3. Niester, and 4. Divina the less.

Chief Mountains are those called the Carpe­thian Hills, dividing this Country from Turky in Europe.

Chief Lakes are, 1. Beybas, 2. Briale, and 3. Goldo.

Archbishopricks 4, Bishopricks 24, Univer­sities 5.

12. Turky in Europe.

UNder this Name I comprehend (for Me­thods sake) all those Provinces which lie between Poland, Germany, the Euxine, Arche­pelago and Gulf of Venice. Situated between the 36th and 56th degr. of Lon. and between the 34th and 30 min. and the 49th and 20 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Hungary to Cape Matapan in Morea about 1000 miles; and in breadth from the W. parts of Croatia to Oczacow in Bessarabia about 840 miles, comprehending the Roman Diocesses of Macedonia, Dacia, Thrace, with most of Illi­ricum.

[Page 71]It was anciently some part of the Macedo­nian Empire, afterwards all under the Roman; then a great part of it was overrun by the Goths, Sclaves, Huns, and Bulgarians; about Anno 1450. the Turks, driving out the Eastern Emperours, became Masters of a great part of it. The rest is for the most part under the Emperour, as of the House of Austria and the Venetians, and some parts are free. The Im­perial Seat is at Constantinople.

The Inhabitants are both Christians and Ma­homitans; the former divided into Papists, Protestants, and Greek Church. Their Lan­guage chiefly the Sclavonian, or old Sarmatian, and Turkish. Besides these are the Epirotick, Hungarian, Illirian, and Iazygian Tongues spoken in many of the less conquered places, and in several places a corrupt Greek. The chief Commodities of these parts are Metals, Sulphur, Vitriol, Wines, Oyl, Velvits, Da­masks, Turky Grograms, &c. It contains eighteen Provinces, the twelve first make the Upper and the six last the Lower Turky.

Those parts that belong absolutely to the Turks, are divided into four Governments or Beglerbegships, viz. 1. Romellia, containing Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Albania, Ca­nina, Ianna Livadia, and (not long since) Mo­rea. 2. Bosnia, containing all Bosnia, and part of Sclavonia, Croatia, Dalmatia, and Ser­via. [Page 72] 3. Buda (now much less than formerly) containing the rest of Servia, with part of Hun­gary and Sclavonia. 4. Temeswar, containing only three or four Counties in the Upper Hun­gary. The eighteen Provinces are,

• 1. Kingdom of Hungary, the most N. W. Province, containing part of ancient Panonia, with some of Sarmatia and Dacia Ripensis; 330 m. l. & 200 br. mostly under the Em­perour. Divided into, 1. Upper, containing thirty three Counties; ch. T. are Presburg and Cascaw, (under the Em.) Temeswar and Wara­den (under the Turks). 2. Lower, containing fourteen Counties, on the S. side of the Danow, ch. T. Buda and Gran (under the Em.) Alba Regalis and Sigeth, (under the Turks). Buda is ch. of both.
• 2. Sclavonia or Windishland, anciently Sa­via, on the S. of Hungary, by some reckoned a part thereof. It is 225 m. l. & 52 br. It part­ly belongs to the Emperour, and contains four Counties, viz. Zagrab, Posega, Valpon, and Szrem. Ch. T. of the Turks are Gradisca and Sirmium; ch. T. of the Emperour are Posega and Zagrab. Posega is ch. T. of all.
• 3. Croatia, or Crabaten, anciently Liburnia, on the South of Sclavonia, part of the old Dal­matia; 120 m. l. & 80 br. The greatest part belongs to the Emperour. Ch. T. of the Em. are Carolstat and Esseck; ch. T. of the Turks [Page 73] are Wihitz and Dubits. Here is also the Pro­vince of Morlakia; ch. T. Zeng. Wihitz is ch. T. of all.
• 4. Kingdom of Bosnia, or Bossen, on the E. of Croatia, and S. of Sclavonia, part of the old Dalmatia, 120 m. l. & 70 br. ch. T. are Iaic­za and Bagmaluck. It is but part of the Tur­kish Government of Bosnia.

• 5. Dalmatia, on the S. of Bosnia, greatest part of old Illiris, part of old Dalmatia, 240 m. l. & 60 br. partly under the Venetians. Ch. T. of the Turks are Scardona and Dulcigno; ch. T. of the Venetians are Zara and Sebenico. Here is also the Commonwealth of Ragusa; ch. T. Ra­gusa, tributary to both Turks and Venetians.

  These four last named Provinces, with part of Hungary and Germany, and a little of Servia and Albania, made up the Roman Diocess of Il­lyricum.

• 6. Kingdom of Servia on the E. of Dalmatia, containing the old Maesia Superior Dardania and part of old Dalmatia, 290 m. l. & 148 br. divi­ded into, 1. Rascia, ch. T. Belgrade and Widen; and 2. Hersegovina, ch. T. Vscopia and Nissa▪ Belgrade is ch. T. of both.
• 7. Principality of Walachia, on the N. E. of Servia, part of the old Dacia Ripensis and Al­pestris, 260 m. l. & 130 br. Ruled by its own Prince, but tributary to the Turks; ch. T. Tar­govisco, Bucherest, and Brascow.
• [Page 74]8. Principality of Transilvania, on the N. W. of Walachia, anciently called Dacia Mediter­ranea, 180 m. l. & 165 br. partly tributary to the Turks; ch. T. are Hermanstat, Wiessem­burg, and Clausemburg. Here are a People cal­led Zecklers there; ch. T. is Newmark.
• 9. Principality of Moldavia, on the E. of Transilvania and Walachia, part of old Dacia Alpestris and Sarmatia: 260 m. l. & 168 br. Ruled by it's own Prince. Tributary to the Turks. Ch. T. are Iazy, Soczow and Targorod.
• 10. Bessarabia, on the E. of Moldavia, 200 m. l. & 100 br. reckoned part of Moldavia; inhabited much by Tartars. Divided into, 1. Oczacow, ch. T. Oczacow: And, 2. Budziack, ch. T. Bialogrod. Ch. T. of both.

• 11. Bulgaria, anciently called Maesia Infe­rior, on the S. of Bessarabia, Moldavia and Walachia, and E. of Servia; 340 m. l. & 144 br. Ch. T. are Sophia, Silistra, and Nigepoli.

  These five last named Provinces, with the greatest part of Servia and some of Hungary, made the Roman Diocess of Dacia.

• 12. Romania, anciently called Thrace, now by the Turks, Romeli. It lies on the S. E. of Bulgaria, 290 m. l. & 116 br. Ch. T. are Constantinople or Stamboul, Andrianople and Gallipoli. This was a Roman Diocess.
• 13. Macedonia, but a part of the old Ma­cedonia, on the S. W. of Romania, 240 m. l. & [Page 75] 140 br. Divided into three Parts, viz. 1. Iam­boli, (an. Migdonia) ch. T. Salonichi; 2. Pro­per Macedon, ch. T. Emboli; 3. Comenolitari, ch. T. Vodena. Ch. T. of the whole is Saloni­chi.
• 14. Kingdom of Albania, the rest of the old Macedonia with part of Illiris; on the W. of Macedonia; 190 m. l. & 100 br. a little of it is under the Venetians. Ch. T. of the Turks are Scutari and Croia; ch. T. of the Venetians is Va [...]ona.
• 15. Canina, anciently called Epirus, now sometimes the Lower Albania. It lies on the S. of Albania; 160 m. l. & 68 br. partly un­der the Venetians. Ch. T. of the Turks are Larta and Bastia; ch. T. of the Venetians are Prevesa and Butrino. Ch. T. of all is Prevesa.
• 16. Ianna, anciently called Thessaly, on the E. of Canina, and S. of Macidonia, of which it has sometimes been reckoned a part; 168 m. l. & 100 br. Ch. T. are Armiro and La­rissa.
• 17. Livadia, on the S. of Ianna and Cani­na; 235 m. l. & 56 br. anciently called A­chaia; then divided into Attica, Megaris, Bo [...]o­tia, Phocis, Locris, Doris, and Aetolia; now a little under the Venetians. Ch. T. of the Turks are Setines (an. Athens) and Livadia; ch. T. of the Venetians is Lepanto.
• [Page 76]18. Morea, anciently called Peloponessus, on the S. of Livadia, a Peninsula; 195 m. l. & 190 br. wholly under the Venetians. Divided into four Provinces, viz. 1. D. of Clarentia, (an. Achaia Propria and Syconia) ch. T. Patras. 2. Sacconia, (an. Corinthia and Argos) ch. T. Napoli. 3. Tzaconia, (an. Arcadia and Laco­nia) ch. T. Misisthra. 4. Belvidera, (an. Elis and Messenia) ch. T. Coron. Misistthra is ch. T. of the whole.

These six last Provinces anciently made up that famous and renowned Country of Greece, sometimes the Roman Diocess of Macedonia, and now the greatest part of the Government of Romellia.

To these are added the Islands. The Prin­cipal are, 1. Candia, (an. Crete) 140 m. l. & 60 br. containing four Provinces, viz. Setia, Retimo, Canea, and Candia; ch. T. the same. 2. Negropont, 120 m. l. & 28 br. ch. T. Ne­gropont. 3. Stalamine. 4. Nicsia. These, with a great many others of less note, are sub­ject to the Turks. The Venetians have, 1. Ce­felonia, 2. Corfu, 3. Zant, 4. Cerigo, &c. Ch. T. are the same.

Under the Name of Turky in Europe, I also comprehend Crim Tartary, sometimes Taurica Chersonessus part of old Sarmatia. Now ruled by its own Prince, called the Great Cham, but tributary to the Turks. It lies on the S. of Rus­sia, [Page 77] being about 600 m. l. & 300 br. Ch. T. in the Peninsula are Kaffa and Baccassarium; in the Midlands are Azoph and Nigropoli.

Rivers of chiefest note are five, viz. 1. Da­now. 2. Niester. 3. Drave. 4. Save: And, 5. Tyssa.

Principal Lakes are, 1. Balaton; and, 2. Newfidlersee, both in Hungary.

Chief Mountains are, 1. Haemus, now Bal­kan; 2. Athos, now Holy Mount; and, 3. O­lympus, now Lacha.

Here is one Patriarch, viz. Constantinople; and I find the Names of 38 Archbishopricks, and 57 Bishopricks.

1. Turky in Asia.

TVrky in Asia contains all the Western Parts of Asia, lying on the W. of Persia, be­tween Georgia and Arabia, situated (not ta­king in any part of Arabia) between the 53d and 15 min. and 81st and 35 min. of Lon. and between the 29th and 40th min. and the 45th degr. of Lat. being in length from the Darda­nels to the E. parts of Yerack about 1530 miles, and in breadth from Trebizond in Natolia to Natolia to the S. parts of the Holy Land about 780 miles; containing all those Countries which were anciently called Asia Minor, Syria, Pale­stine, Armenia, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, with part of Assyria and Media.

The Turks use the Mahomitan Religion, which is composed of Christian Iewish and Pagan Religions, with some new Fopperies of their own added. The vulgar Turkish Language (for the better sort speak the Sclavonian) is ori­ginally Tartarian, intermixed with many Per­sian, Arabick, Grecian and Italian words. The Persian and Arabick Tongues are also in much esteem among them.

It is governed by nineteen Beglerbegs under the Grand Seignor, viz. six which are in Na­tolia; [Page 81] Natolia, Caramania, Tarsus, Maras, Suwas, and Trebizond; three in Syria, viz. Aleppo, Tri­poli, and Damas; four in Turcomania, viz. Chi­sari or Kars, Arzerum, Tchildir, and Van; and six in Diarbeck, viz. Dierbikir or Caramitz, Rixa, Mosul, Bagdad, Schehereful, and Balsora. They have under them about 198 Sangiacks, or Provinces, and 102 Castles. Ch. T. of the whole is Aleppo. Divided into four parts, viz. 1. Natolia, 2. Syria, 3. Turcomania, and 4. Dierbeck.

2. Georgia.

UNder the name of Georgia is comprehend­ed all that Tract of Land which lies be­tween the Palus Meotis or the Sea of Zabache, and the Caspian Sea or the Sea of Bachu, and between the River Don and Turcomania. Si­tuated between the 63d and the 80th degr. of Lon. and between the 42 and 40 min. and the 51st degr. of Lat. being in length from the Streights of Kaffa to the Caspian Sea about 650 miles; and in breadth from the River Don or Tanais to the Borders of Turcomania a­bout 480 miles. In this extent are compre­hended the ancient Countries of Colchis, Ibe­ria, Albania, with part of Asiatick Sarma­tia.

It was partly conquered by the Romans, and ever since had many several Governments, till of late the Turks and Persians have got some footing amongst them. So that the present Go­vernment is under several small Princes, some of which are tributary to the Turks, some to the Persians and others are free. The ch. T. is Teffles.

The Inhabitants are chiefly Christians of the Greek Church, with some Mahomitans; the [Page 89] former in practice little differ from Pagans. Their Language is in many places a kind of a Sclavonian, in some places the Turkish and Tar­tarian, and in Mengralia they have one pecu­liar. Their chief Commodities are Honey, Wax, Leather, Furs, Silk, Linnen Thred, Mar­tins, Beavers, Box and Slaves. It contains four Provinces, which are,

• 1. Comania or Circassia, (under the first F. de Wit comprehends all Georgia and Crim Tarta­ry) is the most N. Province, by some made part of Tartary, by others part of Russia, being partly subject to it. In it are comprehended the Provinces of Petigori, Sonska, and Nagais­ki or proper Circassia; as also the Alanes, Sua­nes, Gigves, and Caracherks or Black Circassians. The ch. T. is Temruck.
• 2. Mengralia, on the S. of Comania; 300 m. l. & 170 br. It contains four Provinces, viz. 1. Abassa or Avogassa; ch. T. St. Sophia. 2. K. of Mengralia or Odischi; ch. T. Zugdidi. These two Provinces make up the old Country of Col­chis. 3. K. of Guriel; ch. T. Varsti. 4. K. of Imerete; ch. T. Colalach. These Kingdoms are tributary to the Turks.
• 3. Gurgistan, on the E. of Mengralia and S. of Comania; 260 m. l. & 175 br. It contains three Provinces, viz. 1. K. of Balatralu; ch. T. Cori or Gorede. 2. K. of Curduel; ch. T. Teffles. 3. K. of Kacheti; ch. T. Zagain. [Page 90] These Provinces make up the ancient Iberia, and are for the most part under the Per­sians.
• 4. Zuiria, on the E. of Gurgistan and S. of Comania; 240 m. l. & 180 br. It contains all the ancient Albania. Divided into two parts, viz. 1. Nagaiski, reckoned by some a part of Comania; ch. T. Terki. 2. Dagestan; ch. T. Zittach, the ch. T. of both. This Province is under several independent Lords.

Rivers of Principal note are three, viz. 1. Kurr, 2. Faze, and, 3. Terka.

Chief Mountains are several branches of Taurus.

3. Arabia.

ARabia is a very large Country, lying on the S. of Turky in Asia, incompassed on three sides with the Sea. Situated between the 62d and the 94th and 40 min. of Lon. and be­tween the 12th and the 34th and 30 min. of Lat. being in length from Sues in Egypt, to the most E. point in Oman about 1700 miles, and in breadth from the mouth of the Per­sian Gulf, to the mouth of the Red Sea, a­bout 1200 miles: called by the Turks Arabi­stan.

[Page 91]Part of it was subject to the Assyrian and Babylonian Empires; then to the Macedonians; then to the Roman [...]; after that it was wholly under its own Emperours; then ruled by the Babylonian Caliphs; after that it was free, till at last the Turks conquered part of it; so that the present Government is partly under the Turks; the rest under several Princes. The ch. T. is Medina.

The Inhabitants are all Mahomitans, except some few Christians in Arabia Petrea. Their Language is wholly the Arabick, a very famous Language, partly derived from the Hebrew; naturally spoke in many other Countries. The chief Commodities are Gold, Precious Stones, Balsam, Myrrh, abundance of Frankincense▪ Cassia, Cinnamon, Manna, Benjamin, and such like. It contains three great parts, which are,

• 1. Beriara, the most N. Province, 500 m. l. & 320 br. anciently called Arabia Deserta and Chus (translated Aethiopia) ch. T. are Anna and Hit; chiefly under the Government of the Turks: some parts are free, which are scarce worth looking after.
• 2. Barraab, sometimes Dase-lick Arabistan, on the W. of Beriara; 400 m. l. & 230 br. anciently called Arabia Petrea, where the Chil­dren of Israel wandred forty Years. Ch. T. are Herat and Aylan. This Province is for [Page 92] the most part under the Turks, but very incon­siderable.
• 3. Ayaman, anciently Arabia Foelix, on the S. of Barraab and Beriara; 1590 m. l. & 1000 br. It contains seven Provinces, viz. 1. Ha­gia (in which are the Benduins) ch. T. Medi­na and Mecca. It is under the Turkish Cheris of Mecca. 2. Iamama (in which are the Ben­gebres) ch. T. Iamama. 3. Baharaim, or the Government of Labsa, under the Turks; ch. T. Elkatif and Labsa. 4. Oman, containing three Kingdoms, viz. Mascate, Mascalat and Aman­zirieden; ch. T. the same: all under their own Kings. 5. Seger, containing two King­doms, under their own Kings, viz. Alibinali, and Gubelhaman; ch. T. the same. 6. Ha­dramut, or the Government of Yeman; ch. T. Aden and Zibit, mostly under the Turks; it also includes the two Kingdoms of Fartach and Caxem, under their own Kings. 7. Tehama, ch. T. Dhafar, chiefly under its own King, and partly under the Turks.

Rivers of principal note are four, viz. 1. Prim. 2. Chibar. 3. Astan; and, 4. Na­geran.

Chief Mountains (besides those mentioned in the Scriptures) are Sciobam and Ghazuan.

3. Persia.

THE Empire of Persia is a very large and famous Country, lying between India and Turky E. and W. and between Tartary and the Ocean N. and S. Situated between the 78th and 10 min. and the 118th and 15th min. of Lon. and between the 24th and 35 min. and the 43d and 20 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. W. parts of Servan to the borders of In­dia in Makrun about 1620 miles, and in breadth from the River Gehun or Crus to the Southern Ocean 1070 miles. It contains the greatest part of the ancient Persia with some of Assyria. It was first called Elam, and some­times Achamenides, now Persia by the Euro­peans, but by the Inhabitants Far or Far­sistan.

It was first under the Assyrian Empire for about 1300 Years; then revolted and go­verned by its own Kings; then by its Empe­rours; after that conquered by the Macedo­nians; soon after by the Parthians; after that by the Saracens; then by the Turks; then by Tartars; and lastly, had its own Emperours, which still remain. He is called the great So­phy of Persia, and has an Absolute Power, yet [Page 94] the Government is less Tyrannical than any o­ther of the Mahomitan Kings. His Imperial Seat is at Hispaam.

The Inhabitants are Mahomitans, but dif­fering in some points from the Turks; here are also Iesuits and Nestorians, with several Iews. Their Language is the Persian, very ancient, but have some mixture of Arabick, Greek and Tartarian words, very soft and sweet; spoken in the Eastern Country as the Latine in the Western; it has 29 Letters in the Alphabet: The Turkish Language is also very much used here. The chief Commodities are curious Silks, Carpets, Tissues, Manufactures of Gold, Silk and Silver, Seal-skins, Goat-skins, Alaba­ster, all sorts of Metals, Myrrh, Fruits, &c. It contains twelve Provinces, which are,

• 1. Servan, or Schirwan, the most N. W. Pro­vince, bordering on Turky; 330 m. l. & 170 br. containing a great part of the ancient Me­dia; ch. T. are Tauris, Servan and Ardevil.
• 2. Gilan, or Hirach, on the E. of Servan; 460 m. l. & 340 br. anciently called Hyrca­nia. It contains four Provinces, viz. 1. Dile [...]mon; ch. T. Dilemon. 2. Mezandran; ch. T▪ Mezandran. 3. Rescht; ch. T. Rescht; And 4. Keskar; ch. T. Keskar. Gilan is ch. T. [...] the whole.
• 3. Taberistan, or Tocheristan, on the E. of Gilan; 470 m. l. & 340 br. anciently called [Page 95] Margiana; ch. T. Amoul or Taberistan, and Asterebad. It contains two other Pr. viz. 1. Kuoemus; ch. T. Ferawar: and, 2. Gorgian; ch. T. Gorgian.
• 4. Corassan, on the E. of Taberestan; 760 m. l. & 540. br. anciently called Bactria; ch. T. Herat. In this are comprehended three o­thers, viz. 1. Heri; ch. T. Heri. 2. Cho­rassan; ch. T. Ariander: And, 3. Cohasan; ch. T. Caim.
• 5. Airach, or Yerack Agemi, on the W. of Corassan; 700 m. l. and 460 br. anci­ently called Parthia; ch. T. are Hispaam, Casbin and Nehawant.
• 6. Churdestan, on the W. of Airach and S. of Servan; 280 m. l. & 160 br. It con­tains a good part of the ancient Assyria and part of old Media; ch. T. are Salmas and Cor.
• 7. Chusistan, or Elveran on the S. of Airach; 400 m. l. & 320 br. anciently Susiana; ch. T. Souster.
• 8. Fars, on the E. of Chusistan; 460 m. l. & 310 br. anciently called Persis; ch. T. are Schiras or Shiras, and Lar.
• 9. Kirman, or Cherman, on the E. of Fars; 600 m. l. & 510 br. anciently called Carma­nia; ch. T. is Cherman.
• 10. Sablestan, or Calchestan, on the N. of Kirman; 390 m. l. & 160 br. anciently called Parapamisus; ch. T. is Bost.
• [Page 96]11. Sigistan, or Sitzistan, on the S. E. of Sablestan; 470 m. l. & 240 br. anciently cal­led Drangiana; ch. T. is Sigistan.
• 12. Makran, on the S. of Sigistan 500 m. l. & 250 br. ch. T. Malran. This includes the two Provinces of, 1. Circan, (an. Gedrosia) ch. T. Gest; and, 2. Patan, ch. T.—

Rivers of chief note are four, viz. 1. Gelum, or Albius, (an. Oxus) 2. Ilment, 3. Tiritiri, and, 4. Bendimir.

Chief Mountains are Taurus, which pass through the length of this Country, and go by several names.

5. Tartary.

TArtary is the greatest Country in the World, lying on the E. of Russia and N. of Persia, India and China. Situated between the 83d and the 180th degr. of Lon. and be­tween the 39th and the 72d degr. of Lat. be­ing in length from the borders of Astracan to the E. parts of Cathay about 4000 miles, and the breadth from the S. parts of Mawrinalra to the most N. parts of Tartaria Deserta, is about 2000 miles; containing the ancient Provinces of Scythia, Sacae, Sogdania, and the greatest part of Sarmatia Asiatica ▪ with a little of old Persia.

[Page]

[Page] [Page 97]It has remained unconquered under several Governments, till Anno 1162, the Tartars, an obscure People, over-ran this Country, and e­rected a Monarchy, which still remains, but a good part of it is fallen away. The Emperour is called, The Great Cham of Tartary; who has also the famous Country of China. Some part of it is under the Russians; the rest under se­veral independent Princes. The imperial Seat is at Chambalu, as it is supposed.

The Inhabitants are both Mahomitans and Pagans; in some places all Mahomitans, in o­thers all Pagans, which seems to be in most esteem. Here are also some Christians of the Nestorian Sect. Their Language is the Tar­tarian, very boisterous and clamerous, almost the same with the Turkish, having some mix­ture of Persian and Scithian words. In some places they use the Persian Tongue. The chief Commodities are Sable, Martins, and other Furs, Silks, Camlets, Flax, great store of Rhu­barb, Musk, Cinnamon, &c. It is divided in­to five great parts, viz.

• 1. Tartaria Deserta, the most W. Province. bordering on Russia; about 1700 m. l. & 960 br. Divided into, 1. Kalmuki-Buchar, or Ol­garia, ch. T. Yem. In this are included Ba [...]gle [...] ­tan, Gazitae-Chanaaket, with the N [...]garian Tar­tars. 2. Chabzag, or the K. of Kasg [...]ar, ch. T. Kasghar. 3. Karakathay, or Chaulachitae, [Page 98] ch. T. are Charcan and Cumbalick. In this are included Samarique and Al-Aazas. Here are also Molgamazia, Tingves, and Lucumorio. Ch. T. of the whole is Charcan. This Province con­tains the greatest part of old Sarmatia Asiatica. Now chiefly under the Russians.
• 2. Mawrinalra, Vsbeck or Zagathay, on the S. of Tartaria Deserta; about 1200 m. l. & 840 br. containing the old Provinces of Sacae, Sogdania, and part of Scythia and old Persia. It is chiefly under its peculiar Chams. Ch. T. are Samarchand, Bokora, and Istigias. In this are the Provinces of Belch, Alsoyd, Crowarezem, Al­shash, and Targana.
• 3. Turchestan, part of the ancient Scythia, on the E. of Mawrinalra, about 1400 m. l. & 850 br. Ch. T. are Thibit, Cascar, and Cho­tan. It contains many Kingdoms, as Cascar, Chialis or Turphan, Chiartiam, Cotam, Thibit, Ca­mul, Lop, Tainfu, Caindu, &c.
• 4. Mongul or Magog, the true old Tartary, on the N. of Turchestan; about 1800 m. l. & 950 br. Ch. T. are Mongul, and Tenduc. It contains many Provinces, as Sumogul or Tar­tar, Tenduc or Mekrat, Bargu or Mekrit, Iek­mogul, Carli, &c.
• 5. Cathay or Kin-Tartary, on the S. E. of Mongul, about 1650 m. l. & 1100 br. It con­tains four great Provinces, viz. 1. Cathay or Naimens; ch. T. Cambalu or Arab-Chan-Be­lich. [Page 99] 3. Niuche or Tenduc: And, 4. Yupi. It contains the ancient Serica and part of Scy­thia.

Mountains of greatest note are those an­ciently called Imaus, dividing Tartary in the middle.

Rivers of principal note are four, viz. 1. Oby, 2. Ochanda, 3. Chesel, (an. Iaxertes) and 4. Polisanga.

Most considerable Lakes are four, viz. 1. Kithay, 2. Kithaiska, 3. Coras, and, 4. Amu.

There is very much uncertainty of this Country.

6. Mogul's Empire.

THE Empire of the great Mogul lies on the S. of Tartary and E. of Persia, situa­ted between the 104th and the 139th degr. of Lon. and between the 18th and the 41st degr. of Lat. being in length from the W. parts of Candabor, to the E. parts of Kanduana, about 1750 miles; and in breadth from the N. parts of Cabul to the S. parts of Guzarat 1240 miles. It contains the greatest part of the East-Indies, with some of old Persia; now often cal­led by the name of Indostan.

[Page 100]It was first conquered by Bacchus, after­wards by Alexander the great. We hear scarce any thing of it till of later Ages it was con­quered by the Tartars, who then erected that Monarchy, which still continues. So that it is now governed by its own Emperours or Mo­guls, who are absolute and have vast Revenues, exceeding the Persian and Turk together. His Imperial Seat is at Agra.

The Inhabitants are many of them Maho­mitans of the Turkish Sect, above two thirds are Gentiles, Banians or Persees; and here are also some Christians, called Christians of St. Tho­mas, and several Jews and Jesuits. Their Lan­guage a kind of Tartarian, and has a great mixture of the Persian. In Guzarate and Ben­gala they speak the Guzarate Tongue; the Persian is also in much use. The chief Com­modities are all sorts of Spices, Aloes, Musk, Rhubarb, Wormseeds, Civits, Indigo, Lacque, Borax, Ogium, Amber, Myraboles, Sal-Ar­moniack, Silk, Cottons, Calicoes, Sattins, Taf­faties, Velvets, Carpets, Metals, Pocelline Earth, &c. It is divided into 38 Kingdoms, which are,

• 1. Candahor, the most W. Province, part of the old Arachosa in Persia; 300 m. l. & 220 br. ch. T. is Candahor.
• 2. Cabul, on the N. E. of Candahor, the rest of old Arachosa; 350 m. l. & 190 br. ch. T. are Cabul and Parna.
• [Page 101]3. Attock, on the S. E. of Cabul; 300 m. l. & 130 br. ch. T. Attock.
• 4. Kachemire, on the E. of Attock; 210 m. l. 150 br. ch. T. Kachemire.
• 5. Bankisk, on the E. of Kachemire; 190 m. l. & 150 br. ch. T. Beishar.
• 6. Kakares, on the N. E. of Bankisk; 580 m. l. & 150 br. ch. T. Dankalor and Pur­hola.
• 7. Naugracut, on the S. of Kakares and E. of Bankisk; 300 m. l. & 110 br. ch. T. Nau­gracut.
• 8. Siba, on the E. of Naugracut and S. of Kakares; 340 m. l. & 180 br. ch. T. Hardware and Serenegar.
• 9. Pitan, on the S. of Siba, including Rahia-Radorou and Rahia-Mug; 270 m. l. & 260 br. ch. T. Pitan.
• 10. Gor, on the E. of Pitan; 390 m. l. & 170 br. ch. T. Gor.
• 11. Kanduana, on the S. of Gor, 320 m. l. & 130 br. ch. T. Kanduana.
• 12. Vdessa, on the S. of Kanduana; 240 m. l. & 160 br. ch. T. Iehenat.
• 13. Mevat, on the S. of Vdessa; 270 m. l. & 150 br. ch. T. Mevat.
• 14. Iesuel, on the N. of Mevat; 200 m. l. & 120 br. ch. T. Rejapore.
• 15. Patna, on the N. of Iesuel; 330 m. l. & 180 br. ch. T. Patna.
• [Page 102]16. Iamba, on the W. of Patna, including Rahia-Decamperga; 240 m. l. & 170 br. ch. T. Iamba.
• 17. Bakar, on the S. of Iamba; 220 m. l. & 120 br. ch. T. Bicanor.
• 18. Sambal, on the S. of Bakan; ch. T. Sambal.
• 19. Narvar, on the S. of Sambal; 270 m. l. & 150 br. ch. T. are Gehud and Ou­den.
• 20. Gualeo, on the W. of Narvar; 160 m. l. & 90 br. ch. T. Gualeo.
• 21. Agra, on the N. W. of Gualeo; 340 m. l. & 170 br. ch. T. are Agra and Feta­pore.
• 22. Delly, on the N. W. of Agra; 360 m. l. and 120 br. ch. T. Delly.
• 23. Ienupar, on the N. W. of Delly; 300 m. l. & 90 br. ch. T. Ienupar.
• 24. Pengab or Lahor, on the N. of Ienu­par; 390 m. l. & and 130 br. ch. T. La­hor.
• 25. Multan, on the W. of Pengab; 220 m. l. & 150 br. ch. T. Multan.
• 26. Hajacan, on the W. of Multan; 300 m. l. & 120 br. ch. T. are Ch [...]zan and V­che.
• 27. Bukar, on the S. W. H [...]jacan; 340 m. l. & 220 br. ch. T. Bukar.
• 28. Hendown, on the E. of Bukar; 240 m. l. & 160 br. ch. T. Hendown.
• [Page 103]29. Bando or Asmire, on the S. E. of Hen­down; 240 m. l. and 170 br. ch. T. are Bando and Asmire.
• 30. Ieselmere, on the W. of Bando; 300 m. l. & 220 br. ch. T. Ieselmere.
• 31. Tatta, on the W. of Ieselmere; 260 m. l. & 160 br. ch. T. Tatta.
• 32. Soret, on the E. of Tatta, and S. W. of Ieselmere; 160 m. l. & 156 br. ch. T. are Ia­nagar and Pache.
• 33. Guzarat, on the S. of Soret and Iesel­mere, along the Ocean; 530 m. l. & 350 br. ch. T. are Cambay and Surat.
• 34. Chitor, on the N. W. of Guzarat; 260 m. l. & 160 br. ch. T. Chitor. To this is join­ed Rahia-Ranas, ch. T. Gurchitto.
• 35. Malvay, on the E. of Chitor; 300 m. l▪ & 110 br. ch. T. Sarampore.
• 36. Candis, on the S. of Malvay; 190 m. l. & 170 br. ch. T. Mandave.
• 37. Berar, on the N. E. of Candis; 250 m. l. & 120 br. ch. T. Shapor.
• 38. Bengala, on the N. E. of Berar; 660 m. l. & 450 br. ch. T. Bengala. In this extent are the Pr. of Patenaw, Elebus and Prurop.

Rivers of principal note are two, viz. 1. Indus or Pengab, and, 2. Ganges, both very famous.

Chief Mountains are, 1. Imaus or Bittigo, and, 2. Sardonix.

7. India int. Gangem.

INdia intra Gangem, or the Peninsula on this side the River Ganges, lies on the S. of the Mogul's Empire; situated between the 112th and 45 min. and the 120th degr. of Lon. and be­tween the 7th and 40 min. and the 23d degr. of Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Orixa in Golconda, to Cape Comeri in Malabar, about 1000 miles; in breadth from Narsinga­patan to Dabul 490 miles.

We can find but little how it was anciently Governed; but it is at present under the Go­vernment of about fifty several Kings, of which three or four are greater than the rest, and some parts are under the Europeans, as the Portu­guez, Dutch, and English. The ch. T. of the whole is Goa, under the Portugals.

The Inhabitants are of several Nations be­sides the Natives; they are both Pagans and Mahomitans, with some Christians of St. Tho­mas, besides the Europeans. Their Language is that called Talenga, in Golconda; the Guza­rate, in Bisnagar; and the Malabar, with the Bagadan, Tamul and Grandonique in Malabar: The Portugal is also in much use in some parts. Chief Commodities are Metals, Silks, Cottons, [Page 105] Pearls, Drugs, Ginger, Cinnamon, Cassia, &c. It contains four parts, viz.

• 1. Kingdom of Golconda, the most N. E. Province; 420 m. l. & 210 br. ch. T. Gol­conda or Bagnagar. In this extent are com­prehended also the Provinces of Orixa, ch. T. Orixa; and Talengand, ch. T. Dalacata. It is under its own King, but tributary to the great Mogul.
• 2. Kingdom of Decan, on the W. of Gol­conda; 380 m. l. & 280 br. It contains three Provinces, viz. 1. Decan, ch. T. Kerky. 2. Bal­gate, ch. T. Bender: And, 3. Cuncan, ch. T. Goa, and Visapor. These are chiefly the Portu­guez and King of Visapor.
• 3. Kingdom of Bisnagar, on the S. E. of De­can; 570 m. l. & 330 br. It contains six Pro­vinces, viz. 1. Bisnagar or Narsinga, ch. T. Bisnagar. 2. Coromandel, ch. T. Maliapour, (under its own Prince.) 3. Canara, ch. T. St. Omar. 4. Gingi, ch. T. Gingi. 5. Tanjanor, ch. T. Tanjanor. 6. Madure, (in which is the Pro. of Coru) ch. T. Madure. It is chie­fly under its own K. and others tributary to him.
• 4. Malabar, on the E. of Bisnagar; 320 m. l. & 120 br. It contains the Kingdoms of, 1. Calicute, ch. T. Calicute. 2. Cananor, ch. T. Cananor. 3. Tanor, ch. T. Tanor. 4. Cran­ganor, ch. T. Cranganor. 5. Cochin, ch. T. Co­chin. [Page 106] 6. Coulan, ch. T. Coulan. 7. Traven­cor, ch. T. Travencor. All under their own Naiques or Kings, except some places possessed by the Dutch, Portuguez and English. Calicute is the ch. T. of the whole.

Rivers of chief note are, 1. Guengua, and, 2. Mudora.

Chief Mountains are those called Bala­gatta.

8. India ex. Gangem.

INdia beyond the River Ganges, is a knot of Kingdoms lying between the Mogul's Em­pire and China; between the 133d and the 151st degr. of Lon. and between the first and the 34th degr. of Lat. being in length from the S. parts of Malacca to the borders of Tar­tary about 2000 miles; and the breadth from Bengala to the borders of Quantung in China a­bout 900 miles: by this account it contains some of the old Sina.

As for the ancient Government, we can give no certain account; at the present it is a bar­barous Country, dismembred into a great ma­ny Estates under their own Kings and Gover­nours, of which four or five are of considerable note. Besides these the Portuguez and Dutch [Page 107] have several places on the Coasts. The ch. T. of all is Pegu.

The Inhabitants are chiefly Idolaters; here are also some Mahomitans on the Coasts, and some Christians converted by the Jesuits. Their Language in Siam and Malacca is the Malaize, in some places the Chinean, in other places they have many different Tongues little known to us. Their chief Commodities are Gold, Sil­ver, Precious Stones, Silks, Porcelline Earth, Aloes, Musk, Rhubarb, Alabaster, &c. Di­vided into six great parts, which are,

• 1. Kingdom of Barma or Brema, contain­ing all the N. parts of this Country; ch. T. are Brema and Ava. It contains many small Kingdoms tributary to the King of Barma, as, 1. Prom, 2. Calam, 3. Melinta, 4. Sirole, 5. Ba­can, 6. Miranda, 7. Circangre, 8. Brema, 9. Caor, 10. Ava, and 11. Tangu. Of these there is little certainty.
• 2. Kingdom of Pegu, on the S. of Barma; 600 m. l. & 350 br. It contains three Pro­vinces, viz. 1. Kingdom of Arrachan, (under the great Mogul) ch. T. Arrachan. 2. Pegu, under its own King; ch. T. Pegu. 3. Laos, under its own King; in which are the Pro­vinces of Iangoma, Curroy, and Leveu.
• 3. Kingdom of Tunquin (in which is com­prehended the Pro. of Ciracan) on the E. of Pegu and S. of China; 540 m. l. & 300 br. [Page 108] under its own King. Ch. T. is Tunquin. Here are said to be the Kingdoms of Ciucange or Caubang, Bao, and Lao, and the People called Maug, Timocoves, and Gueys, nigh China.
• 4. Kingdom of Cochin China, on the S. of Tunquin; 500 m. l. & 210 br. Ch. T. are Tu­ron and Haeso. It is partly under its own King and partly under the Portuguez. Here is also a Province called the Lays; ch. T. —
• 5. Kingdom of Camboje or Cambodia, on the S. W. of Cochin China, about 510 m. l. & 210 br. ch. T. is Camboje; Ruled by its own King. Here lies also the Kingdom of Chiam­pa, said to be independent; ch. T. Puto-Ca­ceim.
• 6. Kingdom of Siam, on the E. of Pegu, 1080 m. l. & 340 br. It contains three Kingdoms, viz. 1. Martaban, ch. T. Martaban. 2. Siam, ch. T. Siam. 3. Malacca, (anciently Aurea Chersonessus) containing Malacca, Ienasseri, Iuncalaon, Quedda, Pera, Ihor, Puhang, Patane, Ligor, and Burdelong; ch. T. the same. All under the King of Siam, Por­tuguez and Dutch. Siam is ch. T. of the whole.

Rivers of principal note are four, viz. 1. Me­nin, 2. Ava, 3. Cosmite, and, 4. Caor.

Here is the famous Lake of Chiamay.

Principal Mountains that I find here are those called Kemois and Rumoy.

9. China.

CHina, lies on the E. of the Indies, and on the S. of Tartary; situated between the 141st and the 165th degr. of Lon. and between the 20th and the 41st and 40 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. E. parts of Leaotong, to the S.W. parts of Iunnan about 1560 miles, and in breadth from the N. W. parts of Xensi to the S. E. parts of Chekiang about 1300 miles, con­taining the greatest part of old Sina, now cal­led by some Mangi; by the Arabians, Tzinin; by the neighbouring Countries, Sanglai; by the Natives, Taine, and Taibinco; and the In­habitants, Tanges.

It had its own King for many Ages, (some say above 3000 years) till conquered by the Tartars; then again it had its own Kings, till of late again conquered by the Tartars, who still have it; under which are 32 Princes, or petty Kings. There are also several Princes (saith Gabriel Magailans) which own no Supe­rior. It is (if we may credit the Jesuits Rela­tions) the most famous Country in the World. The ch. T. is Peking.

The Inhabitants are Gentiles for the most part. Here are also some few Christians, con­verted [Page 110] by the Jesuits, but hardly suffered. Their Language differs from all others, having but 300 Words, and above 50000 Letters; by which they express their minds with much vi­vacity and efficacy: they write right down from the top to the bottom. Their chief Com­modities are Gold, Silver, Precious Stones, Quick-silver, Porcelline Dishes, Silks, Cottons, Rhu­barb, Sugar, Camphire, Civet, Musk, Ginger, China-wood, &c. It contains 15 Provinces, which are,

• 1. Pecheli, or Peking, the most N. Province, bordering on Tartary; 320 m. l. & 240 br. ch. T. is Peking, or Xuntien. It is divided into 8 Countries, and has 131 Cities.
• 2. Xantung, on the S. E. of Pecheli; 330 m. l. & 180 br. ch. T. are Cinan and Cungoha [...]d. It is divided into 6 Countries, and has 51 Ci­ties.
• 3. Honans, on the S. W. of Xantung; 320 m. l. & 270 br. ch. T. are Caifung and Honan. It is divided into 9 Countries, and has 108 Ci­ties.
• 4. Xansi, on the N. of Honan; 360 m. l. & 190 br. ch. T. are Taiyven and Fuencheu. It is divided into 5 Countries, and has 86 Cities.
• 5. Xensi, on the W. of Xansi and Honan; 580 m. l. & 480 br. ch. T. are Sigan and So­cheu. It is divided into 8 Countries, and has 180 Cities.
• [Page 111]6. Suchven, on the S. of Xensi; 580 m. l. & 380 br. ch. T. are Chingtu and Queicheu. It is divided into 8 Countries, and has 150 Cities.
• 7. Huquang, on the E. of Suchven; 550 m. l. & 320 br. ch. T. are Vnchang and Kiang. It is divided into 15 Countries, and has 100 Cities.
• 8. Nanking, on the E. of Huquang; 390 m. l. & 360 br. ch. T. are Kiangning and Sucheu. It is divided into 14 Countries, and has 110 Cities.
• 9. Chekiang, on the S. E. of Nanking; 280 m. l. & 260 br. ch. T. are Hangcheu and Ning­po. It is divided into 11 Countries, and has 33 Cities.
• 10. Kiangsi, on the W. of Chekiang, and E. of Huquang; 350 m. l. & 260 br. ch. T. are Kienchang and Nauchang. It is divided into 13 Countries, and has 67 Cities.
• 11. Fokien, on the S. E. of Kiangsi; 350 m. l. & 300 br. ch. T. are Foken, Hingko and Xu. It is divided into 8 Countries, and has 60 Cities.
• 12. Quantung, on the S. E. of Fokien; 600 m. l. & 210 br. ch. T. are Quangcheu, and Chao­king. It is divided into 10 Countries, (the Isle Ha [...]an being one) and has 80 Cities.
• 13. Quangsi, on the N. W. of Quantung; 400 m. l. & 250 br. ch. T. is Queilin. It is divided into 11 Countries, and has 98 Cities.
• 14. Queicheu, on the N. W. of Quangsi; 310 m. l. & 200 br. ch. T. is Queiyang. It is divided into 8 Countries, and has 81 Cities.
• [Page 112]15. Iunnan, on the W. of Queicheu and Quangsi; 400 m. l. and 220 br. ch. T. is Iun­nan. It is divided into 12 Countries, and has 87 Cities.

Besides these, here are the Territories of Leao­tong, on the E. of Pecheli, ch. T. Leaotong; and the Peninsula of Coreo, ch. T. Kiangyvan.

Rivers of principal note are three, viz. 1. Ki­ang, 2. Croceus, and, 3. Ta.

10. Oriental Islands.

THE Oriental Islands are a vast number of Isles of all sorts, (some say 150000 in num­ber) lying on the E. and S. E. parts of Asia. The Inhabitants are for the most part Gentiles. The Language in Iapan is one of its own; in Suma­tra, Iava, and Moluccoes, they speak the Ma­laize. Here are also several other Tongues little known to us. They are under a great many of their own Kings and Princes: Also the English, Dutch, Portuguez, Spaniards, and French, have considerable shares in those parts. They may be divided into,

• 1. Iapan, on the E. of China, distant from it 210 miles, being 710 m. l. & 200 br. It con­tains five Provinces, viz. 1. Iamaysoit, ch. T. Naugalo. 2. Ietzengo, ch. T. Meaco. 3. Iet­zegen, [Page 113] ch. T. Cauga. 4. Quanta, ch. T. Iedo. And, 5. Ocliva, ch. T. Ximosin. Meaco is ch. T. of the whole. It is governed by its own King, who is a very great and potent Prince. Here are also many other lesser Isles which belong to Iapan; as, 1. Ximo, ch. T. Figen. 2. Xi­coum, ch. T. Xiowith; and others of less note.
• 2. Philippine Islands, which are a great knot of Isles lying on the S. W. of Iapan, right a­against India extra Gangem. The chief of them are, 1. Luconia, 480 m. l. & 180 br. ch. T. are Manilla and Luconia. 2. Mindanao, 420 m. l. & 150 br. ch. T. is Mindanao. Others are, 3. Paragoa, 4. Mindora, 5. Tandaya, 6. Ivan, with a great number of lesser not worth na­ming. These belong chiefly to the Spaniards.
• 3. Molucca Islands, another knot of Islands on the S. of the Philippine Islands. The chief are, 1. Celebes, 580 m. l. & 260 br. ch. T. are Celebes and Macascar. 2. Gilolo, ch. T. Gilolo. 3. Ceram. 4. Timor. 5. Flores. 6. The Isles of Banda. 7. Proper Moluccas. 8. Amboyna. These are subject to the Dutch, English, and se­veral other Princes that are Natives.
• 4. Borneo, a large Island, on the W. of Cele­bes, of a round form, being about 650 m. l. & 600 br. ch. T. are Borneo, Laus and Bender­massin. It is divided chiefly between the two Kings of Laus and Borneo.
• [Page 114]5. Iava, on the S. W. of Borneo, 600 m. l. & 120 br. ch. T. are Materan, Batavia, and Ban­r [...]m. It is under several Kings, as Materan, Bantam, Iapore, Tuban, Iottan, Panarucan, and Palambuam, most Homagers to the K. of Ma­teran.
• 6. Sumatra, on the N. W. of Iava, under the Aequator, as is Borneo; 900 m. l. & 200 br. ch. T. is Achem. It is ruled by five or six as Achem, Camper▪ Iambi, Menacabo, and Palim­ban. Achem is the principal.
• 7. Ceilon, on the borders of India intra Gan­gem, of a roundish form, 250 m. l. & 170 br. ch. T. are Candea and Chilao. Divided between the Dutch and several little Kings, of which he of Candea is chief.
• 8. The Maldives, a vast number of very small Islands on the S. W. of Ceilon, chief of which is Male. They are dispersed into thirteen Provinces, or Atollons, under its own King.

1. Egypt.

EGypt is the most N. E. Country in Africa, bordering on Asia, and lying between Bar­bary, Biledulgerid, and the Red Sea; situated between the 59th and 20 min. and the 67th and 30 min. of Lon. and between the 21st and 30 min. and the 31st and 50 min. of Lat. being in length from Alexandra to Buge about 730 miles, and the breadth from the borders of Biledulgerid to Zibeth about 380 miles. It was anciently called by the names of Miseraim, the Land of Ham, Aeria, Potamia, Ogygia, Melam­podus and Osyria; now by the Turks, Miser and El-kebit; by the Arabians, Mesra and Bardamasser; by the Inhabitants, Chebili; and by the Italians and Spaniards, l' Egitto.

It first had its own Kings; conquered by the Persians; soon after by the Macedonians; then again it had its own Kings; then conquered by the Romans; afterwards by the Saracens; then it had its own Princes again, till at last wholly conquered by the Turks, who still have it. Governed by a Beglerbog, residing at Cai­ro. [Page 118] This, together with the greatest part of Barca, make up that part of the Turkish Em­pire which is called the Government of Miser or Cairo.

The Inhabitants are Copti, Moors, Arabians, Turks, Iews and Greeks, and are chiefly Maho­mitans. Here are also some Christians, called Copti, Iacobites in Sect, but differing from them and all others in many Points. Their Language is chiefly Arabick and Turkish, and in some places the Egyptian or Coptick, whose Writing is little different from the ancient Greek. Their chief Commodities are Sugar, Flax, Rice, all sorts of Grains and Fruits, Lin­nen Cloth, Salt, Balsom, Butargio, Senna, Cas­sia, &c. It is divided into four parts, which are,

• 1. Erif, or the Lower Egypt, the most N. Province, containing the old Proper Egypt and Augusticana. Divided into four Caciefs or Go­vernments; viz. 1. Caliobeck; ch. T. Alexan­dria. 2. Menofia; ch. T. Rosetta. 3. Garbia, ch. T. Dametta: And, 4. Mansouria; ch. T. Mansouria. The ch. T. of the whole is Alexan­dria.
• 2. Bechria, Demisor, or Middle Egypt, on the S. of Erif, or Lower Eg [...]pt, containing the greatest part of the ancient Arcadia; ch. T. are Cairo and Sues. In this is included the Ca­cief of Vium; ch. T. Vium.
• [Page 119]3. Sahid, or Upper Egypt, on the S. of Be­chria, part of old Thebais. Divided into [...]ive Caciefs; viz. 1. Benesuef; ch. T. Benesuef. 2. Cherkeffi; ch. T. Mansloth. 3. Manfelout; ch. T. Manfelout. 4. Girgio, or Sahid; ch. T. Sahid, and Asna. 5. Minio; ch. T. Minio. Ch. T. of all is Sahid.
• 4. Coast of the Red Sea, that part which borders on the Red Sea, on the E. of Sahid, containing part of ancient Thebais and Arca­dia; ch. T. are Cossir, Zibith, and Buge.

The only River of note is Nile, dividing this Country in two, the most famous River in the World.

Chief Mountains are those which were an­ciently called Montes Lybici.

Principal Lakes are two; viz. 1. Mareo­tis, now Antacon. 2. Meeris, now Buchia­rea.

2. Barbary.

BArbary is the most considerable Country in Africa, lying on the W. of Egypt along the Mediterranian Sea, and together with it, con­tains all the N. parts of Africa. Situated be­tween the 8th and the 60th degr. of Lon. and between the 28 and 25 min. and the 35th and 30 min. of Lat. being in length from the W. parts of Morocco to the E. parts of Barca about 2760 miles, and in breadth in the widest parts not 300 miles, and in several places but 60 miles. It was sometimes called Africa, and contains those Provinces which the Romans called Mauritania, Numedia, Africa Propria, Byzacenia, Tripolitana, Cyrenaica, and Marma­rica.

It was anciently a great part of it under the State of Carthage, till conquered by the Ro­mans; afterwards by the Vandals; then again by the Emperours, till conquered by the Sa­razens; after that divided into several King­doms, till at last the Turk conquered part of it; so that it is under several; the Xeriffs or Em­perours of Morocco have the Western parts; the Turks the Eastern; the Spaniards and Por­tuguez several Towns on the Coasts; and [Page 121] some keep their freedom. The ch. T. of all is Fez.

The Inhabitants are all Mahomitans (except the Europeans) and very zealous in their Re­ligion. Their Language is for the most part the Arabick, but in Fez and Morocco, and in some few other places they use that called A­quil-amerig or the Noble Language, the same with the Punick or old African, intermixed with some Arabick words. The chief Com­modities are Honey, Wax, Oyl, Sugar, Flax, Hemp, Hides, Marokins or Cordavans, Dates, Almonds, Mantles, Alheicks, &c. It is divided into six parts, which are,

• 1. Kingdom of Morocco, the most W. Pro­vince, 340 m. l. & 200 br. anciently called Mauritania Sitisensis. It contains seven Pro­vinces, viz. 1. Sus, ch. T. Taradant. 2. Gu­zula, ch. T. Guzula. 3. Morocco, ch. T. Mo­rocco. 4. Hea, ch. T. Tednest. 5. Hascora, ch. T. Elmadin [...]. 6. Tedles, ch. T. Tefza. 7. Ducala, ch. T. Azamin. Ch. T. of all is Mo­rocco.

• 2. Kingdom of Fez, on the N. E. of Mo­rocco, 360 m. l. & 230 br. anciently called Mauritania Tingitana. It contains seven Pro­vinces, viz. 1. Temefs [...]e, ch. T. Rabat. 2. Fez, ch. T. Fez and Salla. 3. Asgar, ch. T. La­rache and Cascar Elkabes. 4. Habat, ch. T. Tanger, Arzilla and Ceuta. 5. Errif, ch. T. [Page 122] Iasaon. 6. Garret, ch. T. Melilla: And, 7. Chaus, ch. T. Tezza. Ch. T. of all is Fez.

  These two Kingdoms are under the Xeriffs of Morocco, except the Coasts which are chiefly subject to the Spaniards and Portuguez.

• 3. Kingdom of Algiers, on the E. of Fez, 690 m. l. & 260 br. anciently called Maurita­nia Caesariensis, partly under the Turks. It con­tains five Provinces, viz. 1. Telensin or Tremi­sen, ch. T. Tremisen and Oran. 2. Tenes, ch. T. Tenes. 3. Algiers, ch. T. Algiers. In this lies the Kingdom of Couco, a seperate K. ch. T. Couco. 4. Bugia, ch. T. Bugia. In this is Lu­bez, a seperate Estate, ch. T. Calar. 5. Con­stantina, an independent Kingdom, containing three parts, viz. Constantina, ch. T. Constan­tina; Tebessa, ch. T. Tebessa; and Bona, ch. T. Bona. Constantina and Bugia made the Roman Numidia.
• 4. Kingdom of Tunis, on the E. of Algiers, 300 m. l. & 200 br. anciently called Africa Propria (in which was the famous City of Carthage). It contains six Provinces, viz. 1. Biserta, ch. T. Biserta. 2. Goletta, ch. T. Tunis and Goletta. 3. Sousa, ch. T. Sousa. 4. Elmadia, ch. T. Elmadine. 5. Beija, ch. T. Beija: And, 6. Cairoan, ch. T. Cairoan. This Province is under the Turks.
• 5. Kingdom of Tripoli, on the E. of Tunis, 690 m. l. & 150 br. anciently called Tripoli­tana, [Page 123] ch. T. are Tripoli, Lebada and Capis. In this is included the Province of Ezzaab, which contains another called Mesurata, ch. T. Mesu­rata. This Province is also under the Turks; who have but little benefit as from Algiers and Tunis.
• 6. Kingdom of Barca, on the E. of Tripoli, 700 m. l. & 150 br. It contains all the an­cient Cyranaica and Lybia Marmarica, ch. T. are Barca, Cairoan and Tolomesa. Part of it is now joyned with Egypt, which together (as I said before) make up the Government of Mi­ser or Cairo.