Dunginness.

FRom the South Foreland to Dunginness, the Course South west by south six Leagues. Dunginness is a low Beachy-point, on which is a Light-house; this place is very bold, you may keep within nine and ten [Page 2] Fathom of it close by the shoar. There is good Anchoring on the East side with a westerly wind, if the wind be contrary, and that you should turn to windward from Dover to the Ness, there lieth a Sand called the Riprap Riprap. in the Midway between Dover and the French shoar. The shoalest part of it beareth from Dover south, and south by east, and from Calis Cliffs west by south. It lyeth in length North east and south west, both ends pointing the English Coast in length about four Leagues, but very nar­row; there is on it at Low-water fifteen foot. There lieth another small Sand be­tween this and Dover, called the Gunman-Sand, where is but twelve foot at Low-water, and lieth from the South Foreland South about five or six miles, and is not above two miles over; it lieth North east and South west; you have five and six Fa­them close to it all round, and twenty Fa­thom between it and the Riprap.

Rye.

To the westward of Dunginness lieth Rye Harbour; it is a Bar-place, but the water riseth three and four Fathom. On the east side, going in, there are two white Beacons on the Beach, which you keep together till you bring the Leadings Marks together, then run in. When you are in the Harbour you will have no less than fifteen and sixteen foot at Low-water, as you may see in the Chart, Number 8. where the going in is so plainly demonstrated, that you need have no other Directions. As you Sail from Rye to Beachy, keep not near the shoar, when you come thwart of Pemsey; Pemsey Shoal. for there lieth a small Stone-bank on which is but eleven and twelve foot at Low-water. The Mark for it is Beachy North west, and Pemsey Castle North half east.

Beachy-Head.

From Dunginness to Beachy-Head the Course is West south west about nine Leagues. Beachy is a high steep white Chalk Cliff: To the westward of which lieth the seven white Chalkey Cliffs, called the Seven Cliffs, Seven Cliffs. and are very remarkable. Some say there lieth a Shoal right off of Beachy-Head, but I could not find it; however, it may be a small Spot, and hard to find, therefore the best way is not to come too near it.

Cuckmore Haven.

Cuckmore Haven lieth four miles to the westward of Beachy-Head, and is a Bar Har­bour, not having above six foot at Low-water, and thirteen and fourteen at High-water. When you are in, you lie dry at Low-water. This place sometimes by storms is stopt up with the Beach, and by great Land-floods is opened again.

New-Haven.

New-Haven is another small Bar-place, and lieth eight or nine miles to the westward of Beachy, only fit for small Vessels.

Shorum.

Shorum lieth between six and seven Leagues to the westward of Beachy, and is a Bar-place; but better than Cuckmore and New-Haven: The Bar often shifts. There are Beacons to run in by: when you are in, there is nine foot at Low-water. Here are many good Ships built.

Bright-Hempston.

Bright-Hempston is a Town that standeth by the Sea-side on a Beach. There are ma­ny Vessels belong to it, which they heap up with Crabs on the dry Beach. This place lieth four miles to the eastward of Shorum.

Arundel.

Arundel lieth ten Leagues to the west­ward of Beachy, and four short Leagues to the westward of Shorum, and is a Tide-Haven: where at High-water and Half-flood Ships go in, keeping the West-side aboard; and being in, may there ride afloat. I might have said more of these Bar-Harbours, but I leave it to Coasters, and do not recommend it to Strangers, they being Harbours of little Trade or Resort.

East-barrow-heads.

From Beachy to the Isle of Wight the Course is West south west eighteen Leagues. When you Sail from Beachy to the Isle of Wight, you must have a great care of the East-barrow-heads and the Owers; which lye seven Leagues to the Eastward of the Isle of Wight, and four Leagues from the shoar. The East barrow-head lieth from Arundel [Page 3] south by west four Leagues, on which is but ten foot at Low-water, and is about three miles in length south and north, and about two miles broad east and west. A mile north by east from this Bank lieth ano­ther shoal called the Little East-barrow-head, and is about two miles in length north and south, and a mile broad, having but nine foot at Low-water, and beareth north west from Chichester Church-Spire, and two miles to the northward of these lye a small parcel of Rocks, call'd Kingman-Rocks, and lye four miles south by west from the going into Arundel. You have five Fathom between them and the shoar.

Owers.

The Owers lye south south east from Chi­chester Spire, and four Leagues from the shoar, and about four long Leagues or five Leagues east from Bendridge Point on the Isle of Wight; there length is north east and south west, about three Leagues, and about three miles broad in the middle, and narrow at each end, and dry at Low-water. There lieth another shoal on the inside of this, the north end of it dries at Low-water: Be­tween which and the shoar is another Shoal lying in length as the Owers do, called the Mixens, and lieth from Selsey Point about two miles south. There is a Channel between the Owers and the Mixens, but it being of no use but to those that are very well ac­quainted, I will not give any Directions to Sail through them, nor within them. There lye some other Banks within them, which I forbear to speak of them. The only and chief end of my business is to give good Directions how to avoid these shoals, that have proved so fatal to many Ships. There are very good Marks to avoid them, if you keep Dunnose west, you run a good brith without them; there is twelve Fathom wa­ter close to them; keep in eighteen Fathom and you will not be in any danger of them.How Ships are lost on the Ow­ers. The great reason why so many Ships have fallen in on these Shoals, is the great In­draught of the Tide setting strong into St. Helens eight hours or more; the latter part of the Flood sets into St. Helens. My ad­vice is, That when you are near this place in the night time, or thick weather, to be very careful, and keep your Lead well: In little Wind or Calms you shall be drawn in here to admiration, by the strong In­draught, which if you find, Anchor in time.

Chichester.

To the eastward of the Owers is the going into Chichester, and very difficult; therefore I advise none but them that are acquainted to go in there without a Pilot.

Nomans Land.

The Thwart-Mark for the Spit of Nomans Land, Nomans Land. is to bring the Wind-mill on the Isle of Wight between the south west and the south west by west, then will the said Mill be just over a square Field by the Water-side; which said Mill, if you keep sight of it, will carry you clear of Nomans Land; but if the Mill is hid by the Land, then will you run aground on the said Spit. This Mark will carry you up into Cowes Road: But for Anchoring in Stoaks-Bay, going up into Hamton water, or to Sail up to Yarmouth, I refer you to the Chart, which is so plain, that there needs no Directions. If you have occasion to turn from St. Helens Whento turn in­to St. He­lens. into the Spithead, have a care of Nomans Land, which is steep too; you will have twelve Fathom, and next Cast a shoar; but on the Horse you may stand into eight or nine Fathom, and turn the Church a little open of each side of Gilkicker. There are several other Marks in the Chart, which I refer you to, that I will not mention, as being needless. All within the Isle of Wight is good safe Anchoring.

Being in Yarmouth Road, and that you would Sail out of the Needles, How to Sail out of the Needles. steer away for Hurst Castle, which place is very steep; being past the Castle, steer away for the Needles, which are sharp white Rocks; gi­ving a birth to some Rocks that lye off from the Island side, in the fair way between the Castle and the Needles, you must keep close to the Needles. The Tyde of Ebb setteth on the Shingles, which are hard Stones. The Flood setteth on the Needles.

To Sail into the Needles; How to Sail into the Nee­dles. you will know the going in by the high white Land which is the west end of the Isle of Wight; run boldly in with the Land, till you see the Needle You may Sail with­in a Ships length of the Nee­dles. Rocks, and then keep close to them, observing the Tydes, as in the Directions coming out. Note, that there is a strong Indraught that sets in at the Needles, Indraught into the Needles. and into Pool; which Indraught hath hauld ma­ny Ships into Fresh-water Bay. But I think it, and I am very sure, that no Ship can run ashoar in Fresh-water Bay, if they did but mind the Lead; the neglect of which hath been the loss of many Ship. Keep in five and twenty and thirty Fathom water, and you need not fear the Indraught of the Wight.

Christ-Church.

Christ-Church Christ Church. is a Bar-place, where small Vessels run in at High-water. This place lieth seven miles to the westward of Hurst Castle.

Pool.

Pool Pool. is a Bar-Haven, and lyeth five Leagues to the westward of the Needles, or Isle of Wight, where Ships Sail in with a High-tyde. There is good Anchoring in Studland-Bay, Studland Bay. which lieth between the En­trance of Pool Haven and Studland Point; and Sandwich-Bay lyeth between Studland Point and Peverly Point, where is good Anchoring for westerly Winds. I have not as yet survey'd Pool Harbour, but 'tis intend­ed God-willing.

From Peverly Point to the westward the Land is high, and is called the High-land of St. Albans. About two Leagues or more to the westward of Peverly PointFoul Ground & Shoal-water between Peverly Point and Way­mouth. is Kem­bridge Ledge, and lyeth off from the shoar south by east into the Sea a mile and half off, and hath at that distance but six foot at Low-water, and three quarters of a mile off thir­teen foot, and a mile off four Fathom. There is another Ledge that lyeth right off from St. Albans-head, about three quarters of a mile off shoar, and hath but twelve foot at Low-water, and lyeth between Kem­bredge Ledge and Peverly Point.

Lulworth.

Four Leagues to the westward of Peverly Point is a small Cove called Lulworth, Lulworth. where small Vessels may Ride.

Portland Road.

Portland RoadP [...]rt [...]and R [...]ad. is a most excellent good Road for westerly and southerly Winds, very good holding clear Ground. As you Sail into Portland Road, you must have a care of a Shoal called the Shambles, Shambles which hath but fourteen foot water at Low-water, as you may see in the Draught of Portland, Num­ber 12. Bring Waymouth Castle just on the eastward part of Portland, and that will bring you just on the edge of it in three Fathom and a half; then will the Bill of [Page 5] Portland bear west by north: But if you keep the said Castle and Point a Sails breadth open, it will carry you clear. You may Anchor in Portland Road from five Fathom to ten Fathom, bringing the eastward part of Portland to bear south and south by east, and south south east. You may Sail close by the Land of Portland from the Bill into the Road.

Waymouth.

Waymouth Waymouth is a Bar-Haven, where at Low-water there is but six foot, and the Tydes rise but six and seven foot on a Spring; within the Bar is a small Hole, where there is nine foot at Low-water: and those Vessels that lye by the Keys before the Town, lye dry at Low-water. There is good Riding in Way­mouth Road.

Race of Portland.

The Race of Portland Race of Portland. is a great Ripling of the Tydes, caused by the unevenness of the Ground at the bottom, called Overfalls; and when the Sea is high, and the Tydes strong, it breaketh in great Seas, and one that is a stranger would think that there were shoal-water. This Ripling or Race beginneth a mile to the westward of the Bill, about a mile and a half or two mile off; and runneth to the eastward as far as St. Albans.

There is good Anchoring to the westward of Portland for easterly Winds.

Lime.

Lime, Lime. a small Peer called Lime-Cobb, where Vessels lye aground at Low-water. This Place lyeth six or seven Leagues to the west­ward of Portland.

Exmouth-Bar.

Exmouth-Bar Exmouth. lyeth fifteen Leagues to the westward of Portland, and three or four Leagues to the northward of Torbay; the going into this Place is very narrow, having Rocks on the east side, and Sand on the west side. At Low-water there is but six and seven foot on the Bar; but at High-water sixteen and eighteen foot water. Here are always Pilots ready to come off; and I advise no man to venter into that Place without a Pilot. Being over the Bar, there is a Place called Star-Cross, Star Cross. where Ships commonly ride afloat in ten and twelve foot at Low-water. But such Ships as go up to the Town of Top­sham Topsham. lye aground at Low-water, from whence their Goods is carried up in Lighters through Sluces to the City of Exon. Exon.

Tinmouth.

Tinmouth Tinmouth. lyeth between Torbay and Ex­mouth, and is a Tyde-Haven where small Vessels use; and had formerly a great Trade to Newfoundland.

Torbay.

Torbay Torbay. is a large Place, very good and clear ground to Anchor in, especially for westerly and southerly Winds, provided they be not to the eastward of the South. You may Anchor so far, as to bring the Ber­ry south south east. Here are two Peers in this Bay where small Vessels lye aground, Brixham on the south side, and Tarkey on the north side. Here the Royal Navy rides in safety.

Dartmouth.

Dartmouth Dart­mouth. lyeth two Leagues to the west­ward of the Berry or Torbay; the going in is very narrow between two high Lands; in the narrow it is but just a Cables length o­ver. On the west side is a Castle, and on the east side a Block-house. The going in and out at this Place is very dangerous, ex­cept the Wind blow right in, which are sou­therly Winds: for if the winds be either easterly or westerly, then the high Lands which lye off each side, cause Overflows and Calms, sometimes blowing in, and presently right out again, which hinders a Ship in turn­ing in and out, by putting them astays un­awares. There are always Boats ready to come off, which are good Boats to row, and are called Two-boats, and are very serviceable in towing ships in and out, and to tow them a-stays; without which Boats it is very dan­gerous going in and out. The northerly Winds blow right out, and the southerly Winds right in; but the easterly and wester­ly Winds blow with Flaws and Calms in and out. Being in, it is a most excellent good Harbour, and can contain the Navy Royal.

There is good Anchoring without the Har­bours mouth in the Road, called Dartmouth-Range. Dart­mouth Range.

From Darmouth to the Start Start. there is a Bay, and the shoar bould, only there lyeth a small Rock half a mile or more off of the Start. The Start is a low ragged Point ri­sing from the Sea high into the Land.

From the Start to the Praul Praul. the Course is west north west, about a little League; and [Page 6] from the Praul to the Boulthead west north west, two miles. Between these two Heads is the going into Salcomb, Salcomb. which is a Bar-Harbour, on which there is nine foot at Low-water, and four Fathom at High-water, and more. Being in, there is very good Anchor­ing in the Bagg at three, four, and five Fa­thom water at Low-water. The Boulthead is very high Land. The Entrance into Sal­comb is very narrow between the Old Castle and the Black Stone, being not above three quarters of a Cables length over, as you may see in the Chart, Number 6. The Block Stone showeth at Low-water, or the last quarter Ebb. It floweth here at Full and Change at six of the Clock.

Plymouth.

Plymouth Pl [...]mouth. lyeth between the Start and Ramhead, where is a large Sound, called Plymouth Sound, Plymouth Sound. and lyeth a mile to the east­ward of the Ramhead. Here is a sunk Rock in the Sound, called the Shovel, where is but sixteen foot water at Low-water, as you may see in the Chart of Plymouth, Num­ber 16. the west side of it is the best sailing in. The common MarkMarks to Anchor in the Sound. for to Anchor in the best Ground in the Sound, is to bring Mount Edgcom-house just open, and Withy-hedge right up and down, as you may see in the Chart on the east side. There lyeth another Rock near the Shagstone, called the Tinkers-shears or Swiftsure, and hath seventeen foot at Low-water.

Catwater.

Catwater Catwater. is a good Place, where Ships ride that are bound to the westward; going in, there lyeth a Buoy against Mount Batten; you Sail in close by the west side of rhe Buoy: Being in, you must haul out a good Anchor well over to Mount Batten side; for want of so doing many Ships have drove ashoar on Catdown side. There is a Place within the Cittadel and Barbigan, called Sutton Pool, Sutton-Pool. where Ships lye aground on soft Oaze at Low-water, by the Keys side before the Town of Plymouth.

Ham-Oaze.

Ham-Oaze. Ham-Oaze. is a Place where Ships ride that are bound to the eastward. To Sail into Ham-Oaze, you must give the Island a great birth, keeping in the fair way between the Island and Mount Batten, till you have open­ed Mount Edgcomb within the Island; then stand away with Mount Edgcomb between the Island and the Main, giving a birth to German-Rock, which lyeth on the Starboard side going into the Narrow. You must have a care that you do not go in here when the Tyde of Ebb is made strong out, for it will set your Ship ashoar on Mount Edgcomb side. There lyeth a Ledge off from Passage-Point going into Ham-Oaze, of which you must have a care: being in, you may Anchor where you please. Just above Froward-Point is a most excellent Dock and Yard,Kings-Dock. built for the use of the Navy. Ships may Anchor betwen the Island and the main Close under the Island. Yalme-water Yalme-water. is a place where is two and three Fathom water at Low-water, but very seldom made use of; it floweth here at Full and Change east by north.

Eddy-stone.

The Eddy-stone Eddy-stone lyeth south south west from Plymouth-Sound; the north west part of it is above water (at a high Spring-tyde) a­bout six or seven foot high; the north west side is bold and steep, but the south south east part of it is foul about half a mile at Low-water; there are several Rocks show themselves above water. This Rock lyeth from the Start west a little southerly, and from Ram-head south by west. A little we­sterly, about three Leagues or rather more from Ram-head, you have twenty Fathom water close by Ram-head; and between the Head and the Eddy-stone thirty five and thirty six Fathom water; and in the Stream of the Eddy-stone forty Fathom. Keep without for­ty Fathom water, and you cannot come foul of the Eddy-stone. It is High-water here at the Stone when it is High-water at Ply­mouth; from the Start to the Lizard in the Offing, it floweth half Tyde,Half-tyde that is, south east by east: It is half Flood at Plymouth be­fore the Flood getteth to the eastward in the Offing.

Loo.

East and West-Loo Loo. are two small Towns, which lye three Leagues to the westward of Ram-head; you may know the Place by a high Island that lyeth a little to the westward of the going in to the Harbour, which is a Bar, where are many small Vessels and Fisher-boats, which lye dry at Low-water: you have at High-water commonly ten foot going in; you may Anchor before the Town in a wild Road.

Foy.

Foy Foy. may be very easily known, lying in between two high Lands; on the west side the going in, is an old Church and Castle, and on the east side the Ruins of an old Church, as you may see by the making of it in the Draught of Foy, Number 17. The going in is a Cables length over from side to side, and no danger; when you are in, you may Anchor before the Town, or run up above the Town. In the time of the Dutch War, in the Year 1666. there was above sixty Sail of Virginia Ships put into this Harbour. This Place lyeth north east and south west in and out, which makes it a better Outlet to the westward then Ply­mouth or Falmouth. And whereas it hath been reported to be a Bar-Harbour, and that you cannot enter till half Tyde, I do assure you that there is no less than three Fathom at Low-water at a Spring-tyde: here you may lye ashoar to Wash, Tallow, stop Leeks. The Spring-tides rise and fall six­teen and seventeen foot; and it is High-water here at Full and Change half an hour past five. There is good Anchoring in the Road without the Harbour, from five to ten Fathom water, but without that Depth foul Ground.

Deadman.

The Deadman Deadman. is a high Bluff-head, and lyeth south west four Leagues from Foy, and north east by east seven Leagues from the Lizard, and three Leagues from Falmouth. North east from the Deadman lyeth a big Rock above water, called the Winhead-Rock, Winhead-Rock. and lyeth three miles from the Deadman, and a mile from the nearest shoar. Small Vessels that are well acquainted Sail within this Rock.

St. Blazey-Bay.

Between the Deadman and Predmouth-Point, St. Blazey-Bay. by the going into Foy, is a large deep sandy Bay, called St. Blazey-Bay. From the Deadman to Falmouth the Coast is bold; and close by the shoar, between the Deadman and Falmouth, lyeth a Rock above water, called the Gull-Rock.

Manacles.

Manacles.In sailing in and out at this Place, and that you come from the westward, or are bound to the westward, you must have a care of the Manacle-Rocks which lye south by west from the mouth of Falmouth Har­bour two Leagues, some of them lye above water, and some under water, and lye a­bout three miles east away from the Land into the Sea. You may Sail out of Fal­mouth to carry your self clear of them south by east; but with the Tyde of Ebb you must steer south south east, and south east by south.

Helford.

Helford Helford. lyeth between Falmouth and the Manacles, it is an open Sound and lyeth west in: as you Sail in and out keep in the fair way, but more to the south shoar than the north, the north being foul Ground some distance off. Being in, you may bring Maunan Church N. N. W. or N. W. and anchor in three Fathom and a half at low-water, and two Fathom, according as your Ship is big. A little to the eastward of Helford Town lyeth a Bar, the best of it is by the south shoar, where is nine foot at low-water, and the same depth before the Town, where small Vessels lye. The going in to this Place may very well be known by Maunan Church, which stand­eth on a Hill on the north side, as you may see in the Draught of Falmouth, &c. Right off from the Point of the Lizard lyeth a parcel of steeped Rocks above water,Staggs Lizard. called the Staggs; they lye off south from the shoar into the Sea, about a short mile off; they are steep too: you shall have twelve Fathom close to them.

Eglandkey.

Eglandkey Eglandkey. are a parcel of sunk Rocks, which lye south east about two or three miles from the Mount, and about a mile from the west shoar; there is not above eight or nine foot on them at low-water.

Pensance.

In the north west of this Bay is a small Pensance. [Page 9] Peer, called Pensance, where small Vessels lye aground at low-water.

Govers-Lake.

On the west side of Mounts-Bay, Govers-Lake. over against the Mount, is a Bay called Govers-lake, and is a good Place to Anchor in, because you bring the sunken Rocks of Carrenbase and Lowleigh south east from you, which Rocks break off the Sea, on which there is but four and five foot at low-water; they lye about a quarter of a mile from the west Land, and bear from St. Paul's Church north west by west, and west north west. To Anchor in Govers-lake To anchor in Govers-Lake. you must bring St. Paul's Church south west by south, and St. Clement's Island south and south by east, and Pensance north, and you will have four and five Fathom water at low-water on a Spring tyde. Keep St. Paul's Steeple above the Land, (that is) that you keep sight of it, and then you will run without Lowleigh and Carrenbase, that is, you will go to the eastward of them.

Mousehole.

There is a small Peer at Mousehole, Mouse­hole. but now gone to decay.

You may Anchor in Mounts-Bay To anchor in Mounts Bay. as you please, from twenty to seven Fathom water, as you may see in the Draught, Number 27.

It floweth here at Full and Change half an hour past four, that is, east north east. The Spring-tydes rise eighteen and nineteen foot.

Rundle-stone.

From Mounts-Bay to the Lands-end the shoar is bold; and a mile, or a mile and a half due south from the Lands-end, lyeth a Rock called the Rundle-stone, Rundle-stone. and sheweth above water from half Ebb to half Flood, and then under water there is twenty Fa­thom water between the Lands-end, and this Stone.

Gulf-Rock.

Gulf-Rock.The Gulf is a small Rock, and always above water, and lyeth from the Lands-end south west three Leagues; this Rock is steep too on every side, and is no bigger then an ordinary Long-boat: Keep the out­ward part of the Longships on the Brizan Island, and that will carry you just on the Gulff. There is forty Fathom water within a quarter of a mile of it.

Long-ships.

From the Lands-end to the Long-ships Long ships. the Course is north west by north two Leagues. These Rocks are high above water, and lye in length west two miles from the Land; it is all foul Ground between them and the Land; yet I have been told that small Ves­sels that are well acquainted will Sail within them. To the northward of them is a small Bay, called White-sand-Bay, where small Vessels and Coasters anchor.

Brizan-Island.

From the Long-ships to the Brizan-Island Brizan-Island. the Course is north north east, about five or six miles. This is a high small round Island, and lyeth to the westward of Cape Cornwall a mile from the shoar. Them that are well acquainted Sail within the Island.

Seven-stones.

Seven-stones Seven-stones. are a parcel of Rocks that lye from the Brizan and Cape Cornwall west half south, about six or seven Leagues, and shew themselves above water at half Tyde; they lye in length north west and south east about two miles, and half a mile broad: they bear from St. Martin's-head at Scilly north east three Leagues, and are very dan­gerous.

The first place of the beginning of the Flood in the West of England, is at the Long ships, which Place divides the Stream, one setting to the northward, and the other to the southward. At Full and Change the Flood begins east north east, and sets nine hours to the northward: And from the Long-ships to the Rundle-stone and Gulff, the Tyde setteth south east three hours, that is, it is high-water by the shoar, before the Flood setteth to the southward.

At the Seven-stones, The stream setteth 9 hours to the north­ward and but 3 to the south­ward. and between Scilly and the Lands-end, the first of the Flood setteth north west, and endeth in the north east nine hours; and the Stream beginneth to set to the southward at high-water, which is east north east ashoar.

It is high-water at the Gulff at Full and Change east north east, and the Tyde set­teth to the eastward till half Ebb ashoar. And when it is half Ebb ashoar at Mounts-Bay, then the north stream begins in the north west, and ends in the north east nine hours, till it is high-water ashoar.

St. Mary's Road.

How to Sail into St. Mary's Sound.The principal Road is St. Mary's Road, and the best and most common Sound to go in to it, is St. Mary's Sound, between St. Mary's Island and the Island Gugh. Being to the eastward of the Island, you must run in at the south side of St. Mary's; you may know St. Mary's Island by the Castle and two Wind-wills, which stand on the south west part of the Island; run boldly in with the Mills, keeping close by St. Mary's side, which is very bold. In the fair way between Penmis Point and the Gugh, lyeth a Ledge of Rocks, called the Spanish Ledge, Spanish-Ledge. on which is but six foot at low-water, there­fore keep close to Penmis, and then steer a­way for the Hughland, on which stand the Castle and Wind-mills, giving them a fair birth to avoid the Woolpack, Woollpack. which is a sunk Rock close by the south end of the Hugh. You may boldly Sail within a quarter of a mile of the Hugh, from the Woolpack to the Ste­vern, and that will carry you clear of Bar­tholomew-Ledge, Bartholo­mew-Ledge. which hath but six foot water at low-water, and lyeth south south west from the Stevern, about half a mile; between the Stevern and the Gugh, when you have the Light-House south west by south, then are you abreast of it. There are two leading Marks to avoid the Spanish Ledge and Bartholomew Ledge; keep the high Land of Sampson on the Stevern, and that will carry you clear of the Spanish Ledge; and being past it, then keep Castle Bryer, which is a high round Rock, on the low-land of Sampson, and that will carry you clear of Bartholomew Ledge. But if you are not sure of knowing these Marks, I advise you to your former Directions of keeping a quarter of a mile from the Hugh, or if you keep sight of the Vanes of the Wind mills, but not the Mills, that is, keep sight of half the Vanes above the Land, and that will carry you between Bartholomew Ledge and the Stevern. If you will fire a Gun, and make a Whaff, you will have a Pilot come off. Being about the Stevern Rock,How to Anchor in St. Mary's Road. steer in to the Road, and bring the Nut Rock west north west, or north west by west about half a mile from the Rock, or a quarter of a mile; or bring the Castle south south east, and anchor in five Fathom water at low-water, or seven or eight at high-water. Here you ride well for all Winds but south west Winds, which Winds bring in a great Sea. It floweth here at Full and Change east north east.

There is a small PeerPeer. at the Hugh Town, where small Vessels lye aground at low-water, and is a good place to clean, wash, tallow, or stop leaks, &c.

Crow-Sound.

Crow-Sound Crow-Sound. lyeth at the north end of St. Mary's Island, and is a Bar-Channel, where at low-water there is not above four foot water, therefore to Sail in here you must take the Tyde. To Sail into Crow-Sound, you must Sail close by the north end of St. Mary's, off of which place lyeth a Sandy Point, and maketh the Bar. Being over the Bar, there lyeth a Rock a quarter of a mile from the shoar, called the Crow, and is above water at half Tyde: between it and the shoar is no more then six or seven foot at low-water. To Sail between this Rock and the shoar, you must keep within half a quarter of a mile of the shoar, or a Cables length. But I advise no Man to go into this Place without a Pilot, except well ac­quainted. If you fire a Gun, and make a Whaff, you will have a Pilot come off.

Broad-Sound.

Broad-Sound Broad-Sound. is a dangerous Sound for those that are not acquainted. There are two Channels that lead you into this Sound, the south west Channel, and the north west [Page 11] Channel. To Sail in at the south west Channel, which is the best of the two, you must Sail in between the Bishop and the Crim, which are the two westernmost Rocks of Scilly, and are a good height above the water, then steer in north east by east, keep­ing the Islands of Great Gannelly and Great Gannick open and shut of St. Mary's Island, as you may see in the Draught of the I­slands of Scilly, Number 20. and with this Mark you run in amongst many Rocks very terrible to behold, and the Marks difficult to be known; therefore I advise none to Sail in here without a Pilot from the I­sland.

Smith's-Sound.

Smith's-Sound. Smith's-Sound is likewise a dangerous Sound, and very narrow. This Sound lyeth on the west side of the Island Agnis, on which standeth the Light-House. The Mark to Sail in is to bring Castle-Bryer, which is a high round Rock above water on the Great Smith, as you may see in the Draught; and this Mark will carry you in between St. Agnis, Melledgan, and a small Rock cal­led Menpingo, and being between the Island St. Agnis and the Island Annet, steer then between Annet and the Great Smith Rock; being about the Rock, steer in for St. Mary's Road, as before.

New Grimsbay.

New Grimsbay. New Grimsbay is a Road, or rather a small Cove between the Island of Tresco and the Island Bryer; there is no danger in going in. This Place is narrow, and only fit for small Ships. You Anchor before the Castle in five, six, or seven Fathom water. At low-water it is dry between Tresco and Bryer.

Old Grimsbay.

Old Grimsbay. Old Grimsbay is a Place where small Ves­sels may ride. There are two Channels in and out, and very narrow, and not to be made use of except you have a Pilot.

It is high-water at all the Islands of Scilly at Full and Change, half an hour past four, that is, east north east. The Spring-tydes rise and fall 21 and 22 foot, and the Neap­tydes fifteen and sixteen foot.

The Tyde or South-stream setteth out of St. Mary's Sound from half Flood to half Ebb. The west stream cometh into St. Mary's Sound from half Ebb to half Flood, and run­neth out through Broad-Sound.

Note that about Scilly, and for six or se­ven Leagues to the westward of it, and from the Islands to the Lands-end of England, the North-streamNorth Stream. runneth nine hours to the northward, and beginneth to set to the north­ward the last quarter Ebb, beginning to set to the north west, and so altering till it end in the north east, at which time it will be high-water ashoar at Scilly, and then the South Tyde cometh and runneth three hours to the southward.

You may see the Islands of Scilly from the south in sixty Fathom water, shelly, sandy Ground, at which time you will be six or seven Leagues of; and from the north in sixty Fathom, about six or seven Leagues of owsey sandy Ground. Twenty one or twenty two Leagues west by north and west north west from Scilly, is a BankA Bank. on which is but fifty, fifty one, and fifty two Fathom water, and between Scilly and this Bank sixty Fathom.

St. Ives.

ST. Ives St. Ives. is a Place where Vessels lye a­ground at low-water, and is four Leagues to the eastward of Cape Cornwall, in a sandy Bay.

Lundy.

Lundy Lundy. is a high Island which lyeth in the Severn: at the east side of it is good An­choring in ten and twelve Fathom water for westerly Winds.

Barnstable.

Barnstable Barnstable is a Bar-Haven, where good Ships may go in at half Flood. There are many Ships belong to this Place: It is very good riding in the Bay without the Bar. This Place is not yet surveyed by me, but I intend it God willing, &c.

Going up the Severn, you cannot miss the Isle of Lundy, it lying in the fair way. The English Coast is bold and steep, but the [Page 12] Welch Coast full of Sands and Shoals; you may sail off either side of Lundy but stand no farther than 3 Leagues from Lundy towards the Welch Coast to avoid the Sands: from Lundy steer along the English Coast, till you come up as high as Purlock Purlock. or Minehead, and then steer away north east between the Steep Holmes and the Flat Holmes: the south Island next the English Coast is called the Steep Holme, and is high round Land; the north Island is low Land, and is called the Flat Holme; there is deep water between them; keep nearest the Flat Holme, which is the steepest side, you may sail close to it without any danger. Being up with the Flat Holmes, steer away to the northward till you bring the Flat Holme south west, and keep it so for three or four miles, till you have a Mill that standeth on a Hill comes on the west end, a Land that sheweth like an Island; or bring the Mill south east by south, then you are past the Point of the English Ground; then steer away east north east on the side of the English Ground, which are flat, and keep the Lead going. The Tydes rise here at a Spring seven and eight Fathom; so if you bring a Tyde with you, you cannot come to any damage; and steer amay to Poslet Point, which is steep too. A little above that is King's Road, where you Anchor; but be sure when you Anchor at high-water, that you consider how much the Tydes fall. Here you take a Pilot to carry you into Hung-Road, and so up to Bristol.

Hung-Road.

Hung-Road. Hung-Road is a Place where great Ships lye afloat by the shoar side, and there Ca­reen, having no Dock. Lesser Ships go up to the City of Bristol.

Those Ships that have occasion to go a­bove King-Road up the Severn, or up to Chepstow, must take a Pilot. Note that the Tydes are very strong in all the Severn from Milford to King-Road. There are several Places on the Welch and English sides of the Severn, but being Places only for small Ves­sels. And such as are acquainted, I advise such as have occasion to make use of them, to take a Pilot. In going up and down the Severn, you must be very careful to keep the Lead when you stand over to the Welch Sands.

Minehead.

Minehead Minehead. is a Stone Peer, where small Vessels lye aground: Here Ships that are not acquainted, may have a Pilot for Bristol. You may Anchor in the Road before Mine­head.

The Draught of the Severn is not so well finished as was intended, by reason the In­graver lost the Original Copy.

If any Ship that may be bound up the English Channel, and should happen to come up the Severn, and have not a Wind to get into the English Channel, then I advise them to go for Milford. See the Directions for Milford.

Milford-Haven.

MIlford-Haven is very easily to be known,There are three Hills up in the Country, which you see first at Sea in clear weather, and bear from the Harbours mouth north east by north. having the Island of Scooc­kam, Scanmore, and Gresholme on the west, and the Isle of Lundy to the east. You may know the going in by an old Light-Tower which standeth on St. Anns Point: likewise you will see two old Stone-Blockhouses or Forts which stand on each side on the Cliffs going in; likewise Sheep-Island, which ly­eth just at the Entrance on the east side, and another Island within the Entrance, called Rat-Island, and is like the Mewstone at Ply­mouth, but lesser. To the westward of which Island lyeth a sunk Rock about a quar­ter of a mile of, on which there is sixteen and seventeen foot at low-water on Spring­tydes. A long mile within this Ratt-Isle ly­eth a great Rock above water, called the Stack, this Rock is bold. Angle-Road is the best place to Anchor in, but in truth the whole Haven is very good and safe. Ships may ride afloat as high as Langham-ferry and Coetcanles, in three, four, and five Fathom water at low-water. Small Ships may ride afloat in Crowpool within Pennet-mouth, and may go up with the Tyde to Pembroke Key, and there lye aground at low-water; small Ships go up to Landshipping-Key, where Sir Hugh Owen hath made all Conveniencies for loading of Coals: small Ships likewise go up to Haverford-west and Crosswell with the Tyde. The Colliers that are bound out commonly lye in Dale-Road. It floweth here at Full and Change, east and west nearest.

A farther Description of Milford-Haven.

Milford-Haven. MIlford-Haven is certainly the best Har­bour in the three Kingdoms, there being no manner of danger in Sailing in or out of the Harbour, so that you need no Pilots, and may turn in and out with safety with contrary Winds, taking the Tyde, as well by Night as by Day. When you are entred into the Harbour, you may Anchor where you please, according as the Ship is in bigness: And if a Ship come in without Cable and Anchor, she may run ashoar on soft Owse, and there lye with safety.

Here is most excellent Conveniencies for hauling great and small Ships ashoar, to Grave, Wash, and Tallow, stop Leaks, &c. good places to Careen, good places for ma­king of dry Docks, Yards, Store-houses, Rope-walks, Victualling-Offices, &c. Build­ing and Repairing of Ships, here being good store of Timber, good fresh Water, Wood and Coals, Provisions good and plenty.

The Spring-tydes rise six and thirty foot, and the Neep above six and twenty foot, so that you may lay Ships ashoar at any time.

But that which makes this Harbour more excellent and useful than any other, is, that in an hours time you are in and out of the Harbour into the Sea, being in a fair way between the Lands-end of England and Ire­land, and lyeth in the Mouth of the Severn, and are in eight or ten hours over on the Coast of Ireland. You may get to the west­ward out of this Place much sooner then when you came from Plymouth, Foy, or Fal­mouth.

Oliver Cromwell ship'd off his Forces from this place for Ireland, and in time of War kept a Squadron of Ships to Randezvous here; and Henry the Seventh landed here. This Haven lyeth north north east nine and twenty Leagues from Cape Cornwall. There lyeth about three Miles from the Havens Mouth a small Rock, called the Crow, and sheweth at half-tyde; it lyeth about half a Mile from Lonny-Point.

The Sea-shoar about Milford is about the height of the Land of Plymouth.

Schookham.

SCookham Scookham. lyeth west north west from St. Ann's Point going into Milford a League and a half. Scanmore lyeth north north west from Scookham about a League, and west from St. Brid's-head, and is bigger then Scookham.

Gresholm.

Gresholm Gresholm. is a high small Island or great Rock, and is green, and lyeth to the west­ward of Scookham and Scaumore two short Leagues. There is a good Channel be­tween Gresholm and Scookham and Scaumore, and are all very bold and steep too.

Barrel.

Barrel Barrel. is a small Rock, and shews at half-tyde, and beareth from Gresholm west and west by north about a short League, and are steep too.

The Hats.

The Hats Hats. shew at low-water, and lyes two Leagues to the westward of Gresholm, and are steep too.

The Small.

The Small Small. is a small Rock always above the water, about the bigness of a Long­boat, and lyeth to the westward of Gresholm two Leagues and a half, or three Leagues: The west north west and north west end is foul and rocky a mile off, and is steepy too. The Tydes run very strong amongst these Islands and Rocks.

The Mascus.

The Mascus Mascus. is said to be a sunk Rock, and lyeth from St. David's-Head west north west three Leagues; but I never could hear of any Coaster or other that ever found it.

There is a narrow Channel between Ram­sey Island and St. Davids, and is used by [Page 14] none but small Coasters, and those that know it very well. The Tydes run very strong, which makes the water to breach and ripple, as though it were shoal-water; and so it doth between Gresholm, Scookham, and Scaumore.

Holyhead.

It floweth at Full and Change at Holy­head Holyhead. at ten of the Clock; the Spring-tydes rise and fall twenty foot, and the Neep-tydes thirteen and fourteen foot. Between Holy­head and Dublin the Flood and Ebb run north north east, and south south west, and floweth south south east.

Holyhead-Road.

Road-Harbour. Platters. Cubby, Platters. Holyhead-Road lyeth to the eastward of Innis-Cubby-Island, to the northward of which Island, about half a little Mile, lyeth some sunk Rocks which have but three foot water at low-water, called the Platters of Cubby. The Road is clear Sand, the Har­bour is dry at low-water, where Ships lye on the Sand, but the Wind out at north makes a Sea in the Harbour. The Pacquet Boats for Ireland use this place.

Scarrys.

Scarry-Platters.Between the Scarrys and Carren-Point ly­eth sunk Rocks, and are called the Platters of Scarry, and lye about a short half Mile from the Scarrys; therefore keep near Car­ren-Point which is bold.

Cole-Rock.

Cole-Rock.There lyeth a small sunk Rock east north east from the Scarrys about two Miles and a half, and north by east from the West-Mouse a Mile, or a Mile and a half, which hath but six foot at low-water, called the Cole-Rock. Holyhead is very high Land, as you may see in the Chart, Number 27.

Isle of Man.

Isle of Man.It floweth here at Full and Change south east by south: The Spring-tydes rise twen­ty foot.

Darby-Haven.

Darby-Haven. Darby-Haven is a small Bay where Vessels ride affoat or lye aground.

Douglas-Harbour.

Douglas-Harbour Duglas-Harbour. runneth into a small fresh-water River, where at high-water is ten and twelve foot water, and at low-water lye dry.

Ramsey-Bay.

Ramsey-Bay Ramsey-Bay. is a most excellent Road, ha­ving a Sand without which breaketh off the Sea. In this Bay is a small River where small Vessels run in at high-water, and lye dry at low-water. There runneth very strong Tydes all round this Island, and in some places ripple as though there were shoal­water, especially near Point of Air. At this Island the north and south Tyde meet; here is great plenty of Fish of all sorts.

White-haven.

A little to the northward of St. Bees-head lyeth White-haven, White-haven. being a good dry Peer, where great Ships take in Sea-coals and carry them to Dublin in Ireland. This place belongeth to Sir John Lowther.

North east from Great Orms-head, about a League off, lyeth a Bank north by east and south by west about a Mile in length, whereon is not above thirteen foot, being a narrow ridge; on the east side it shoaleth gra­dually, but the west side is steep too.

Point of Air.

Three Miles within this Bar lyeth a low sandy Point, called Point of Air, Point of Air. which you leave on the Starboard-side going in. And three Miles from this place is Moyston Mark within Wild-Road, where Vessels lade Coals, being half a Mile from High-water-mark; and those Ships that cannot take the ground, then such Ships may take in their Loading in Wild-Road, and their ride with safety: Ships may sail from Moyston Mark at a Neep-tyde. This place doth not only supply the Neighbouring places with Coals, but the Kingdom of Ire­land.

Pillafoodra.

Pillafoo­dra. Pillafoodra is a place where good Ships may go in, but the going in being danger­ous to those that are not acquainted, I leave those that have occasion to go there to take a Pilot, which they may have at Liverpool. This place lyeth out of the way of trade, and so is but little frequented, and not as yet surveyed by me.

Harwich.

Harwich. HARWICH being a good and con­venient safe Harbour, and much fre­quented by those that use the Northern Na­vigation, and a place where Ships many times are forc'd in by bad weather, I have taken care to give such following Directions as will carry any Stranger into that place.

Sailing down the Swin or King's Channel, and that you would Sail into Harwich over the Buoy of the Spits Buoy of the Spits. into the Wallet, you must observe your Tydes; for at the Spits the Buoy lyeth in five, six, and seven foot water at low-water, and the Passage often altereth, sometimes more water, and some­times less. The Buoy lyeth on the west end of the Gunfleet-Sand, and the east end of the Buxey, bearing from a flat Steeple, cal­led Great Holland-Church, south and by east: Being over the Spits, you come into the Wallet, Wallet good ri­ding. where is very good Anchoring in five, six, seven, and eight Fathom water; the Sands lying without makes it a most excellent Road. There is a good and deep Channel to Sail into the Wallet between the Gunfleet and the West-Rocks, as you may see in the Mapp of Harwich, Number E. but this Channel is very seldom used. Be­ing over the Spits into the Wallet, steer a­way for the Naze, Naze. which may be known by the Trees, and a House that standeth on it; keep about half a mile, or a mile of from the Naze, to avoid the Stone Bank Stone Bank which hath but five foot water at low-water on it, and lyeth from the Naze Trees east by north about a mile and a half from the Naze Point; there is but eight or nine foot water between it and the Naze at low-water.Mark [...] the Stone Bank Keep Pain's Trees (which lye a little to the southward of Harwich) open and shut with Harwich-Cliff, and this Mark will carry you on the Stone Bank, and the Trees on the Corkland just open of the Naze­land will carry you on the Bank also. There is a good leading Mark to carry you be­tween the Naze and the Stone Bank, Mark [...] go be­tween [...] Naze [...] Stone Bank. which is Harwich Steeple on Harwich Becon-Cliff, and will also carry you between the Pye-Sand and the Ridge into the Rowling-ground, Rowling ground where Ships Anchor in three and four Fa­thom at low-water. The Mark to Anchor in the best of the Rowling-ground is to bring Harwich Windmill two Sails breadth open of Harwich-Cliff. And to Sail from the Rowling-ground to the Naze keep Pain's Trees open of Harwich-Cliff till you bring the Naze to bear south west, then keep Har­wich Steeple on the Becon-Cliff to run with­in the Stone Bank.

There is a Channel to Sail from the Naze between the Cork-Sand and the Ridge, How [...] Sail f [...] the Naze between the C [...] and the Ridge. keep­ing the Naze Trees south west, sailing down north east between the Cork and the Ridge in five, six, and seven Fathom wa­ter; and when you have brought Harwich Steeple on the Brewhouse that lyeth to the northward of Landguard-Fort, then are you clear of the Cork-ledge. Cork-ledge. This Channel is much used by the Light-Colliers going to the northward.

Being in the Rowling-grounds, and that you would Sail into Harwich Harbour, keep close by the Andrews, Andrews. which is a Sand that lyeth off from Languard-Fort, and is steep too on the west side; the Tyde of Ebb runneth strong over the Andrews the first half Ebb, of which you must have a care; this Sand is dry at low-water. Keep close by the Beach of Languard-Fort to avoid the Altar, Altar. which is a small stoney Shelf that lyeth right west from Languard-Fort about a Cable and a halfs length from the Beach at the Fort, on which is but five and six foot at low-water: you may Sail to the west­ward of it, between it and Harwich-Cliff, [Page 3] according as the Tyde is up, and what drought of water your Ship draweth. But if you should chance to go into Harwich at low-water, and your Ship draw above fif­teen foot, you must stay for the Flood to have water over the Glutton, Glutton. which is a nar­row Ridge, and stretcheth off from the Beach thwart the Channel a little within the Brewhouse that is to the northward of Lan­guard-Fort. Being past the Glutton, you must keep close to the Beach to avoid the Gristle [...]ristle. that lyeth in the middle between Har­wich and the Beach of Languard-Fort, on which is but three foot at low-water. There is a small Channel between the Gristle and the Guard [...]uard. of nine foot at low-water, but when you have opened Dover-Court Church of Harwich Town, then are you clear of the Gristle and Guard, and may Anchor be­fore the Town of Harwich [...]rwich [...]arbour. in five Fathom water, or run up into Ipswich-water and Anchor. This is a very safe Harbour; and if a Ship should chance to blow ashoar, she cannot take any harm, the shoars being soft Owse.

There is a Yard at Harwich where many of the great Ships of the Navy have been built, where is a convenient place to haul such Ships (as can take the ground) a­shoar to Wash, Tallow, stop Leaks, &c. This place is much approved of by the Commanders of Virginia Ships, being very convenient for unloading their Goods, ha­ving good Store-houses for that purpose by the water side, and is the best Inlet and Outlet between England and Holland, as is experienced by the Pacquet-Boats, having made this place their station. It floweth here at Full and Change in the Harbour south; the Spring-tydes rise fifteen and six­teen foot, and the Neap-tydes ten and ele­ven foot.

West-Rocks.

The West-Rocks West-Rocks. lye in length north east, and south west about three miles, and two miles broad, and dryeth in several places, full of Banks and Swatches, the Ground rocky and stony in many places. There is a small narrow Channel between the West-Rocks and the Cork.

Balsey-Sand.

The Marks for the south end of Balsey-Sand. Balsey-sand. is to bring Balsey Church north west half west, and lyeth from the shoar a long League; this end is steep too, being eight and nine Fathom close by it. The Mark for the north end is to bring Orford Castle be­tween the north by west and the north north west, and the Light-house north half east. This end lyeth about five miles from the shoar. Some part of this Sand dryeth at low-water.

Shipwash-Sand.

The Shipwash Shipwash-sand. lyeth without Balsey-Sand and the Whiting, and drieth in many places at low-water: It lyeth in length north by east and south by west about nine miles, and is very narrow, not above a quarter of a mile over in breadth, except the south end, and there it is broader. The Mark for the south end is to bring Balsey Church north west half west about eight or nine miles off. The Mark for the north end is Balsey Church north west, and Orford Light-house north north west half west.

Whiting-Sand.

Whiting-sand.The Whiting lyeth north east by north in length about five miles. At the south end Balsey Church beareth west by south and west south west: and at the north end Orford Castle north west by north in five Fathom water. There is good Soundings on both sides of it.

Woodbridge-Haven.

Wood­bridge-Haven.Lyeth just at the west end of Balsey-Cliff, and is a Bar-Haven, where is but three and four foot water at low-water; the Bar often shifts there, I advise such as are not acquainted to take a Pilot. After you are in 'tis a very good Harbour, and goeth up to Woodbridge. The water riseth and falleth on the Bar at a Spring-tyde fifteen foot, and at Full and Change it floweth south and south by east.

Cutler.

Cutler. Cutler is a small Sand that lyeth right off from Balsey-Cliff about a short mile, and hath but six foot water on it at low-water, and two Fathom between it and the Cliff. The Mark to go clear of of it, is to keep Har­wich Steeple just open of Felsto-Cliff.

Hoseley-Bay.

Hoseley-Bay Hoseley-Bay. is a very good place to Anchor, you having the Sands without, and is very good clean ground.

Albrough-Knaps

Albrough-Knaps Albro [...] Knaps is a small Sand that lyeth due east from Albrough Church about five or six miles off, on which there is but two Fa­thom at low-water. The Mark to carry you clear besides the Lights in one, is Orford Church and Castle together; between the Land and the Shoar you will have twelve, eleven, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, and five Fathom good sounding shoaling gradually. But without this Sand you will have sixteen and twelve Fathom water.

Gallaper-Sand.

Lyeth in length south by west and north by east about nine miles very narrow,Gallaper-sand. not being a quarter of a mile broad; and at low-water there is but two Fathom on it: This Sand is steep too. The Tydes run strong over it north east by east, and south west by west. A north and south Moon maketh high-water. The south end beareth from the North-foreland north east half north eight or nine Leagues: and the north end beareth from Orford Castle south east and south east by east about eight or nine Leagues. The Depths from this Sand to the Shipwash are from twenty to fifteen Fa­thom; and on the south east side of the Sand from eighteen to six and twenty Fa­thom.

Gabard-Sand.

Lyeth in length north by east and south by west about three miles and a Cables length broad.Gabard-sand. The north end beareth from Orford Castle south east by east and east south east about six Leagues off, and from the Shipwash east twelve miles, and about eleven miles from the Gallaper. Between which two Sands you will have from sixteen to eighteen Fathom, and from the Gaba d to Orford-Ness from eighteen to twenty Fa­thom. And west north west from the north end there is a small Hole of six and twenty and seven and twenty Fathom not a Cables length over.

The Falls.

Is a long narrow Sand lying north by east and south by west about five Leagues in length:The Falls. The north end bears from the Lights of the North-foreland east north east about six Leagues, and the south end bear­eth from the South-foreland east north east half north about five Leagues; and from the North-foreland south east half south; and from Callis north westerly. The shoalest water is near the south end, which is three Fathom and a half. This Sand is steep too, [Page 6] having twenty Fathom close to it; at the north end there is five Fathom.

Red-Sand.

Red-Sand.Lyeth in length north north east, and south south west, about two miles in length, very narrow, not above a Cables length o­ver; when you are on the shoalest part of it, then is Lastiff Church about two Sails breadth over the south end of the Town. It beareth from Sole Church north east by east, from Lastiff south east, from Gunton­wood south south east. The Distance from the Sand to Lastiff is two Leagues. You have sixteen Fathom between the Shoar and the Sand; the shoalest water is three Fa­thom that I could find: but Mr. John Grist of Yarmouth saith that he hath very lately sounded it, and found but two Fathom wa­ter on it. You will have eight and nine Fathom within half a Mile of it on the in­side, and sixteen Fathom close by it on the outside.

Yarmouth Haven, or Yarmouth Peer.

Ya [...]m [...]uth H [...].Lyeth between two wooden Heads where Ships enter at high-water, at which place the Tydes Rise and Fall at a Spring but six and seven foot, and Neap-tydes four and five foot. The maintaining of the Peers of Yarmouth is very chargeable, and towards which Charge the Town of Yarmouth hath had sometimes Relief by Parliament, for this Haven is the only and chief Place for the Herring Fishing; and should this Peer go to decay, it would be the Ruin of the Herring Fishing: and notwithstanding the badness of the Haven, yet such is the In­dustry of the People of that place, that they have about five hundred Sail of Ships belonging to that place.

St. Nicholas Gatt.

St. Nicho­ [...] Gatt.Is a Channel that lyeth between Corton-Sand and the south end of St. Nicholas-Sand, which is called the Knowle; this Pas­sage hath altred very much within this five years, there being now a middle Ground which tails off from the Knowle, on which ly­eth a Buoy, which you keep on the Starboard­side going in, and Corton-Sand on the Lar­board-side: The going into this place is now difficult for such as are not acquainted; and since the Sands have altered so much, I think it fit to give no further Directions for Sail­ing into this Gatt, but advise Strangers to take a Pilot. It is high-water in Yarmouth-Haven at Full and Change south east by south nine hours and three quarters; and the Tyde runneth into the Haven, and to the southward in the Road an hour and a half after it is high-water in the Ha­ven, which is quarter Tyde.

Newark.

Is a Sand that lyeth to the eastward of Yarmouth, and the south end dryeth at low-water; the south end of it lyeth from Yar­mouth Steeple east half north three Leagues, and the north end beareth north east half east from the same Staple, and east half north from Winterton Light about two Leagues and a half. There is a brave Chan­nel between Yarmouth Sands and the Newark, Newark. the narrowest place being between the north end of the Newark and the Calves Knowle, which is four Miles, and sixteen, seventeen, and eighteen Fathom between them. This Sand commonly sheweth it self by the Sea breaking on it at high-water: This Sand lyeth north west by north about four or five Miles long.

The Overfalls of Newark.

The Over­falls of Newark.Lye north east from the north end of Newark, and lye in length north east, having at one place, which is the middle, but three Fathom, and so deepneth towards each end to seven and eight Fathom; you have nine­teen and twenty Fathom water close to them; they lye from the Lights of Winterton north north east half east about four or five Leagues. I am told that there are more Banks and Overfalls to the north east of Yarmouth Land too, on which is but two Fa­thom and a half; but I have no authentick ground for it.

Hasebrough-Sand, or the Vrrey-Sand.

Hase­brough, or the Ʋrrey-Sand.Is a Sand that lyeth eight Miles from Winterton-Ness, and lyeth north east and south west about seven Miles in length, and very narrow, on which is but six, seven, and eight foot at low-water. The south east end beareth from Winterton Church north east by north eight miles; and the south end beareth from Hasebrough Church north east half north, about six miles off. This Sand is steep too, having twenty and one and twenty Fathom close by it on the inside and out side, but the ends lye off shoal, four, five, six, and seven Fa­thom.

Leman and Ower.

Are two very dangerous Sands,Leman and Ow [...]. the in­nermost is the longest, and is called the Le­man, the body of which lyeth from Hase­brough north east by east about eight or nine Leagues: This Sand lyeth in length north west by north about six Miles, and at low-water hath not above six, seven, and eight foot water. This Sand is steep too, having two and twenty Fathom close to it.

The Ower lyeth two or three Miles with­out the Leman, and lyeth in length north west by west about three miles, on which is nine foot at low-water, and is steep too, having two and twenty Fathom on each side of it, and two and twenty Fathom be­tween the two Sands. At the ends of Ower you will have three, four, five, six, seven fathoms a Cables length off, and then fifteen and two and twenty Fathom.How to avoid th [...] Leman and Ower If you keep a fair sight of the Land you will run within it, for I could not see the Land from the Mast-head of the Yatch, when I rid at Anchor close by the Leman; but being at Anchor three or four Miles within the Leman, I saw the Church and Land of Hasebrough. The Distance between this Sand of the Lemon, and Hasebrough Sand is six Leagues, and the Depth between them is nineteen, twenty, one and twenty, and two and twenty Fathom.

Welbank.

The south east part of it beareth from Winterton-Ness north east about fourteen leagues,We [...]. the north west part of it beareth north and by east seventeen Leagues, and three Leagues from the Leman and Ower. It lyeth in length north east and south west one and twenty or two and twenty leagues, and in breadth north west and south east twelve leagues at the south west end, which is the broadest, the north east end growing nar­row. There is on this Bank from thirteen to seventeen Fathom water; and two and twenty, three and twenty, and four and twenty Fathom between the Leman and Ower and this Sand, and from four and twenty to eight and twenty Fathom. Be­tween it and the Dogger Bank, and the Di­stance between this Sand and the Dogger Bank is six leagues.

White-water Bank.

[...] Bank.Lyeth between the Wellbank and the Broad Fourteens, and lyeth north east and south west about ten leagues in length, whereon is sixteen Fathom, and is distant from the Wellbank five leagues.

Dogger Bank.

The south west end of this Bank lyeth north east from the Spurne about ten leagues, and is a sharp Point growing broader to the Sand, as you may see in the Map. It lyeth in length east north east northerly about se­venty leagues, and in breadth ten or eleven leagues; the west end is shoaler than the east end; on the west end you will have ten, eleven, and twelve, and about the middle fourteen, fifteen, and sixteen; and towards the east end from eighteen to four and twen­ty Fathom. Between Flambrough-head and the Dogger Bank Dogger- [...]ank. you will have from twenty to thirty Fathom.

Blakeney and Cly.

Blakeney and Cly.Are two small Towns which lye into a small Creek ten Miles from Foulness. Blake­ney is a great Church, and a high square Steeple; bring the Church south east, and run in so into five or six Fathom water, till you see the Buoy's; there is but half a Fa­thom of water at low-water, but at high-water thirteen and fourteen foot: You sail in between two Buoys, and then keep the rest of the Buoys on the Starboard-side go­ing in, till you come up with the Beacons, and there you may Anchor, where you will have two, and two Fathom and a half at low-water; if you run higher up, you lye a ground at low-water. It is high-water here at Full and Change east south east.

Wells, Burnham, Lyn and Boston I have not survey'd,Wells, Burnham, Lyn, and Boston not survey'd. being hindred by this pre­sent War; but as soon as the War shall be over, I intend to survey it all, with the As­sistance of such Seamen of Lyn and Boston as are best acquainted with these places.

Being off of Foulness Ships, steer away for the Humber on Flambrough-head, in which Course you will meet with many Banks and Overfalls, and this place is cal­led the Well. Many of these Banks wash a­way, and grow up again in time. I have not heard of any Collier of late years that hath been lost on them.

From Foulness to the Spurn or Flam­brough-head, you shape your Course ac­cording as you have the Tyde, of which you must have a great care. The Flood set­seth strong into Lyn and Boston Deeps; when you are open of them, the Flood set­teth south east, and the Ebb north west. I have no certain Account of these Banks and Shoals: I have discoursed many able Coast­ers and Colliers, who all differ much in their Bearing and Distances from the Land. At Cromer I was told, That some years ago two Colliers Anchored north north east from Cromer as much as they could see the Land, which might be about seven Leagues off; the one Ship Anchored in twelve Fathom, the other in two and a half at low-water, and is called in the Map Cromer Knowle. Cromer-Knowle▪

Blakeney-Knock.

Is a small Bank, lying about six or seven Miles north from Blakeney, Blakeney-Knock. on which is but three Fathom and a half at low-water.

Outward Dowsen.

Is a Sand that lyeth north from Wells a­bout eight Leagues,Outward Dowsen. on which is but three Fathom at low-water.

Bull.

Between the Spurn and the Bull Bull. there is ten and eleven Fathom water, a brave turn­ing Channel; you may stand over to the Bull into five Fathom, and so to the Spurn.

Hawk.

Being within the Spurn you may Anchor in the Hawk Hawk. in three, four, five, six Fa­thom water: Bring the Light-house east by south about two mile off, and Anchor in five or six Fathom water good Ground.

Buoy of Chlyness.

The Buoy of Clyness Buoy of Clyness. lyeth west from the Light-house on the Spurn four Miles, and two Miles from Clyness; which Buoy you leave on the Larboard-side as you Sail up.

Buoy of Burcum.

And from the Buoy of Clyness to the Buoy of the Burcum, Buy of Burcum the Course is west north west three Miles; you may keep about half a mile from the Buoys in a Channel of eight Fathom, and Anchor to the westward of the Buoy of the Burcum in Grimbsbay-Road in five or six Fathom. The Buoy of the Bur­cum lyeth on the east end of the Burcum-Sand, on which Sand is but three foot at low-water.

The Middle.

The Middle Middle. is a long narrow Sand that lyeth between the Buoys of Clynness, Bur­cum and the Sunk. In the Fair-way be­tween the two Buoys and the Sunk there is a good Channel of either side of eight or nine Fathom water. This Middle hath six and seven foot on the middle of it at low-water, and deepneth towards the ends to three and four Fathom. You may steer up the north Channel between the Middle and the Sunk, keeping the shoalings of the Sunk in four, five, or six Fathom; when you come near the west end of the Sunk, keep nearest to the Sunk, for over-against it lyeth a Flat off from the shoar of the Marsh, called Staningbrough-Flats; bring Pa­trington Church on the House on the Sunk, then are you just come on it. Being past this Flat, then keep the Larboard-shoar, to avoid the Foulhome; when you have Ot­tringam Church on Saltawood, then are you abreast the Foulhome; a Mile above which is Whitebooth-Road, which is the best Road in the Humber. The Mark to Anchor in Whitebooth-Road is to bring Patrington Church on Saltawood, as you may see in the Map.

Hull.

From Whitebooth-Road, if you will Sail up to Hull, Hull. steer away for Poul, and keep that shoar till you bring a white House, which is the Town-Hall, and is kept white for a leading Mark. Keep this white House on the South-Blockhouse by the water side, and these two Marks together will carry you clear of Skitterness-Sand, which lyeth half Channel over from Skitterness. You Anchor before the Town in five, six, or seven Fathom at low-water, where is a ve­ry strong Tyde, especially upon a Spring. The Ships that belong to the Town go in­to [Page 11] the River Hull, and there lye in safety by the shoar. It is high-water here at Full and Change East and West. The Spring-tydes rise and Fall eighteen foot.

Flambrough-head.

[...].From the Spurn to Flambrough-head the Course is north and by west Distance nine Leagues, a bold and clear shoar. Flam­brough-head is a high Promontory, on which standeth a high Light-house, but doth not burn as yet.

Burlington-Bay.

On the south side of Flambrough-head lyeth Burlington-Bay, [...]ling­ [...]-Bay. where is very good Anchoring, and clean Ground: In which Bay lyeth Smithick-Sand, on the shoalest place of it is but ten foot, as you may see in the Map of Burlington-Bay, numbred with the Letter I.

Smithick-Sand.

[...]thick- [...]d.The north end of this Sand lyeth south south west from Flambrough-head, distance two Miles; between it and the Head you have seven, eight, and nine Fathom water; the south end beareth from Burlington-Key south east by east, distance three miles. The shoalest place of the Sand beareth from Burlington-Key south east by east, and east south east. Within this Sand is very good Anchoring in four, five, and six Fathom water at low-water. There is very good going in and out at the west end of this Sand between it and the shoar; you may stand in to the shoar to what depth you please by the Lead.

Burlington-Key.

Burlington-Key [...]ling­ [...]-Key. or Peer, is a place where Vessels go in and out at high-water, and and lye dry at low-water. It is high-water here at Full and Change in the Peer east north east. The Spring-tydes rise thirteen foot.

Filey-Brigg.

To the northward of Flambrough-head lyeth Filey-Brigg, [...]ley- [...]igg. which Bridge is a natural Ledge of Rocks that stretch from the shoar into the Sea, and is distant from Flambrough-head three Leagues; within which Ledge you may Anchor in five Fathom water at low-water, and is a good Road for nor­therly winds.

Scarbrough.

Lyeth north west from Flambrough-head five Leagues; the Castle standeth on a Cliff by the Sea side; to the southward of which Cliff is a fair Sandy-Bay, where is a good Peer, as you may see in the Map, numbred with the Letter I; in which Ships lye dry at low-water. It is high-water here at Full and Change east north east. There is good Anchoring in the Road called Scarbrough-wick, in four, five, six or seven Fathom water. The Spring-tydes rise thirteen foot. From Flam­brough-head to Scarbrough Scarbo­rough. the Land is high, and so Whitby and the River Tease.

Robinhood-Bay.

Between Scarbrough and Whitby is Robin­hood-Bay, Robinhood Bay. where you may Anchor in six, seven, or eight Fathom water, and is a good Road for westerly winds, but not to the eastward of the south.

Whitby.

To the northward of Robinhood-Bay ly­eth Whitby, Whitby. where Ships enter at high-water into a River, where you lye dry at low-water; on the east side is a Beacon; you may lye up as high as the Bridge. There is a Rock lyeth off, the Mark to Sail clear of it is Whitby Church-steeple open to the northward of the south Point of the Har­bour.

Huntly-foot and Redcliff.

To the west north west of Whitby it is high land,Huntley-foot and Redcliff. and very remarkable to know the Land by. First there is Huntly-foot, which is a high Hill or Cliff by the Sea side, and is about three Leagues from Whitby. And to the westward of that lyeth Redcliff, Redcliff. which is so called by the Colour of the Earth, which is very red. Between which Cliff and Hartley-Pool lyeth the River Tease, Tease. which River is not as yet survey'd by me, but as soon as the Wars shall be over, I in­tend to survey it. Hartley-Pool Hartley-Pool. lyeth seven Leagues from Whitby, where is a stone Peer, in which Vessels lye very safe, but dry at low-water. As you go into the Peer there is a Beacon, which you leave on the Star­board-side going in, as you may see in the Map numbred with the Letter I. There is [Page 12] good Anchoring in the Road to the south­ward of the Town in four, five, or six Fa­thom water. Hartley-Pool is a Peninsula, on the west side of which is the Peer. The Spring-tydes rise 13 foot.

Dogger and Boat.

Dogger and Boat.Are two Rocks that lye two Leagues to the northward of Hartley-Pool, about a Mile from the shoar; the Dogger is the biggest, and sheweth above water like the bottom of a Vessel, and always above water. The other is less, and lyeth under water, on which is seven foot at low-water.

Sunderland.

Sunder­land.Lyeth four Leagues to the northward of Hartley-Pool, and seven Miles to the south­ward of Tinmouth-Bar. It is a Tyde-haven, where at high-water, on a Spring-tyde, is twelve foot water, and two foot at low-water; but within in Lady-hole, there is one and twenty foot at high-water on a Spring­tyde, and nine at low-water. A little with­in the Bar, just without the mouth of the River, are two Beacons, called the Stell-Beacons, as you enter into Lady-hole, and there you lye by the Key side at Sunderland. Great Colliers that are laden with Coles, and have not water enough over the Stell, take in the remainder of their Coles in the Road, brought out in Keels. It floweth here at Full and Change north east. Note that you have a foot less water over the Stell then over the Bar.

Tinmouth-bar.

Tinmouth Bar. Tinmouth is the mouth of the River Tine, called Tinmouth-Bar, and ten Miles from the said Bar up the River is the Town of New-Castle.

The Entrance of this River may be easi­ly known by a Castle and Light-house which stand on a high Cliff by the Sea side, just on the nroth side of the going into the Ri­ver. The Entrance is a Bar, on which is but seven foot at low-water on a Spring­tyde, and one and twenty foot at high-water. There are two Light-houses within the Bar on the north shoar (besides the high Light-house in Tinmouth-Castle) and are a leading Mark over the Bar; the shoar at the north side going in is rocky and stony, and the south shoar a Sand, called the Harden'd: being over the Bar, open the Lights to the southward, and keep close by the Fort on the north shoar, where stands the low Light; being past that low Light, then Auchor between the two Towns of North and South-Shields. There are se­veral places up this River where are Keys that Ships load at; and some run up as high as New-Castle, and there lye by the Town Keys. The Map of the River Tyne is num­bred with the Letter L. Note that the depths of water in the River are feet, and a Line above the figures shews that is the depth at low-water. But where you see a Line drawn between the figures, it shews both high and low-water, as you may see at Tin­mouth-Bar; there is seven foot at low-water, and one and twenty foot at high-water; so that the Tydes rise and fall at a Spring-tyde fourteen foot. It floweth here at Full and Change south west and north east.

Coller-Coats.

Is a Peer that lyeth a Mile and more from Tinmouth-Castle to the northward,Coller-Coats. and is a Peer where Vessels enter at high-water to load Coals, and lye dry at low-water. The going in to this place is between several Rocks, the way in is beacon'd.

Seaton-Sluce.

Lyeth five Miles to the northward of Tin­mouth-Castle, Seaton Sluce. and is a Tyde-Haven, where small Ships enter to load Coals. There is in the Peer at high-water on a Spring-tyde, ten foot, and at Neap-tydes when the Ships have not water enough out, they go into the Road and there take in the rest of their loading, which is brought out to them in Keels. There is good Anchoring in the Road in four, five, six, and seven Fathom. It floweth here at Full and Change south west by south: The water riseth at a Spring-tyde ten foot in the Peer, and seven foot at a Neap.

Blythe.

Blythe Bly [...]he. lyeth three miles to the northward of Seaton-Sluce: There are two Beacons on the Sand-hills to the southward of the Entrance into the River, which leads you in between two Beacons; and being between the two first Beacons, or outward Beacons, then steer away close to the second Beacon, and leave it on the Larboard-side, and then run up and Anchor before Blythe-Key, where is sixteen Fathom water at high-water on a Spring-tyde, and six foot at low-water: but between [Page 13] the Beacons going in there is but two Fa­thom at low-water, and sixteen at high-wa­ter.

The Rocks which hath a Beacon on it, which you have on the Starboard-side go­ing in, them Rocks show at low-water.

There are Rocks that lye to the eastward of Blythe a Mile off from Blythe, which are above water the last quarter Ebb, and lye north and by east three Miles from Seaton-Sluce Peer, of which Rocks you must have a care at high-water, when you Sail alongst shoar. It floweth at Blythe at Full and Change south east and by south: The Spring-tydes rise sixteen foot, and the Neap seven foot.

Cocket-Island.

Lyeth six Leagues from Tinmouth-Castle, Cocket-Island. and above a Mile off shoar, and is a good Road for southerly winds. From the south end of the Island to the shoar, it is all Rocks and broken Ground, where at low-water at one place there is eight and nine foot, and dangerous; but the north side is bold, only from the north west part of the Island lye off some Rocks about half a Mile; small Vessels may bring the Island south, and Anchor in three and four Fa­thom, but greater Ships must bring the I­sland south east, and Anchor in five Fa­thom at low-water. The Road is clean Sand.

Fernie-Isle and Staples.

Fernie-Isle and Staples.From Cocket-Island to Ferne-Island and the Staples, the Course is south, Distance six Leagues, and five Mile from Holy-Island. The outward part of the Staples lyeth five Miles from the Main. Between the Isle of Ferne and the Main is a good Channel, a Mile and a half broad, where is seven, eight, nine, and ten Fathom water. Be­tween Ferne-Island and Bambrough-Castle is good Anchoring, which place is called Scate-Road, Scate-Road. and is good for east and north east winds. There is a Light-house on the Ferne, but doth not burn. The Staples are a par­cel of small Islands or great Rocks, and lye north east from the Ferne. A Mile without the Staples you will have thirty Fathom, and four and twenty Fathom a Stones cast off; keep in eight and thirty and forty Fathom, and that Depth will carry you three and four Leagues from the Staples, (and the high Hills up in the Land) called Chevet-hills, Chevet-hills. bear off each other east by north, and west by south. These Hills are seen eight Leagues off at Sea, and are very re­markable to know the Land. It floweth here at Full and Change south west by south. Note that the Flood goeth to the southward till it is two hours, and two hours and a half Ebb ashoar.

Holy-Island.

Holy-Island.Lyeth five Miles north west from the Ferne, a fair bold shoar, five and six Fathom water. This Island is easily known by a Ca­stle which standeth on a high Hill. On the south side of the Island, which side is little more then half a Mile from the Main, be­tween the Island and the Main, is the Har­bour:To Sail between the Staples and the Goldstone. There are four several ways to go in and out the Harbour; First between Ferne-Island and the Main; then between the Sta­ples and the Goldstone; and between the Goldstone and the Plough, and between the Plough and Holy-Island. The broadest Chan­nel is between the Staples and the Goldstone; you may keep within half a Mile of the Staples. The Goldstone Goldstone. sheweth from half Ebb to half Flood, and is a small Rock and bold too.

To Sail between the Gold­stone and the Plough.The Mark to Sail between the Goldstone and the Plough is to bring the Light-house on the Ferne a Sails breadth on the east part of the Megstone, and that carries you be­tween the two Rocks. The Plough sheweth the first quarter Ebb, and is a small Rock, the north east end of it is foul about a quar­ter of a Cables length. There is another Mark to Sail between the Goldstone and the Plough, which is to keep a hole open in the Wall of the east part of Bambrough-Castle, which hole, if you see through, will carry you clear: but this Mark being not easie to be seen, I advise none to use it but such as are well acquainted. The Plough lyeth east from the Castle on Holy-Island, and lyeth half a mile from Holy-Island. There is five Fathom water at low-water between the Plough and Holy-Island; you may stand into three and four fathom to the Island.

Being clear of the Goldstone and Plough, How to Sail over the Bar into the Harbo [...] and that you would go into the Harbour, you must stay for the Tyde, for there is but nine foot water at low-water over the Bar, between the Partner-still and the Stone-Ridge; bring the Old-Church at Holy-Island north west, and get the Soundings of the Stone-Ridge, being the boldest side; there is one part of the Stone-Ridge always above water, being shingle Stones, keep close to them, being steep and bold: Having brought the Castle north east, Anchor in four or five Fathom at low-water. The Partner-still are a Ledge of Rocks that lye from the Main, and shew themselves the last quarter Ebb. There is no failing between Holy-Island and the Main, it being all dry Sand at the last quarter Ebb. This place is much frequented by the Colli­ers, when they are put away to the north­ward of New-Castle by bad weather. This Harbour is defended by a Castle and Plat­form of Guns. Here is good convenience to haul ships ashoar to Wash, Tallow, Careen, or stop Leaks. It floweth here at Full and Change south west and by south two hours and a quarter; the Spring-tydes rise and fall fifteen foot: The Flood goeth to the south­ward two hours, and two hours and a half in the Offin after high-water ashoar. The Map of this place is numbred with the Let­ter M.

Barwick.

Lyeth northwest and by west from Holy-Island, Barwick. Distance three Leagues; there is a Bar at the going into the River,The Map of Bar­wick was Survey'd by Col. Jacob Richards. where at low-water, at a Spring-tyde, is but six and seven foot water; the going in is beacon'd, which Beacons you leave on the Starboard-side going in, keeping close to them, as you [Page 15] may see in the Map, numbred with the Let­ter M. Being in, you may Anchor by the Car-Rock, or Still-Rock, where is nine foot at low-water, or run up to the Key by the Bridge. It floweth here at Full and Change south west by south. The Spring-tydes rise eighteen foot, and the Neap thirteen and fourteen foot. There is good Anchoring in the Road: without the Bar is five, six, or se­ven Fathom water.

St. Tab's-head.

[...]. Tab's- [...]d.FROM Barwick to St. Tab's-head, the Course is north west and by north, Distance five Leagues: be­tween these two is a small place, called Haymouth, used by Fishermen with small Boats.

Isle of Bass.

[...] of [...]ss.From St. Tab's-head to the Isle of Bass, the Course is west north west four Leagues. This Island is a high round Island in the Sea, and lyeth on the south entrance of E­dinborough Frith, a little above a mile from the shoar: this Island is steep too all round it; there is fifteen Fathom water between it and the Main. On the south east side of it is a small Fortification with Guns on it, but naturally strong of it self, and not to be taken as long as they have Provisions: there is a Spring of fresh water on the top of it. This Island is a good Mark to know the Frith.

Isle of May.

The Isle of May Isle of May. beareth from the Isle of Bass north north east easterly seven miles, and is bigger than the Bass, but not so high; on which standeth a Light-house, that Ships may know the Frith in the Night; this Light may be seen six Leagues off. You may An­chor to the eastward of this Island in Eigh­teen Fathom water, bringing the Light-house west south west; and if your Anchor hold not you will drive into deep water, of which you must have a care to give Cable enough. Dunbar is a small Haven, used by Fishermen and small Vessels.

Keith-Isle.

From the Isle of May to Inch-Keith-Island, Keith-Isle the Course is west south west, Distance se­ven Leagues, and from Inch-Keith to Leith south south west three miles; bring Leith south or south south east, and Anchor in Leith-Road Leith-Road. in five, six, seven, or eight Fathom water.

Leith-Feer, Leith is a Tyde-Haven, where you enter at high-water, leaving the Beacon on the Lar­board-side going in, as you may see in the Map of Leith, numbred with the Letter O. You Sail in between two wooden Peers, and lye dry at low-water by the Keys side. Here you have thirteen foot at high-water on Spring-tydes, and ten foot at Neap-tydes.

Queens-Ferry.

To Sail from Lieth to Queens Ferry.To Sail from Leith-Road up to Queen's-Ferry, Sail alongst the south shoar till you come to the small Island of Cramend, which you leave on the Larboard-side going up, and the Rock-Muckrie on the Starboard-side, and being past them, steer away west north west, till you open Queen's-Ferry-Town, and so stand away for it, and Anchor before the Town of Queen's-Ferry in five, six, or seven Fathom water. Note that the Tydes run very strong here; and those that have occa­sion to Sail further up, I advise them to a Pilot.

Brunt-Isle.

Brunt-Isle Brunt-Island lyeth south by west from Leith four or five miles, and is a good Tyde-Haven; you Sail in north north west be­tween two Stone-heads, where you lye dry at low-water. The Spring-tydes rise and fall here fourteen and fifteen foot, and the Neap-tydes eleven and twelve foot. It is high-water here at Full and Change south west by south; the same throughout the Frith.

There are several good Peers in the Frith, but all Tyde-Peers, where Ships lye dry at low-water.

Port-Seaton.

Port-Sea­ton.My Lord Winton hath been at great Charges in building a Stone-Peer at Port-Seaton, where is twelve and thirteen foot water at Spring-tydes, and nine and ten at Neap-tydes. You may Anchor in the Bay before the Peer in six, seven, and eight Fa­thom good Ground.

Note that it is a general Rule for Anchor­ing in the Frith, that if you Anchor with­out twelve Fathom water, you will have good and clear Ground.

You may Anchor on the west side of the May in fifteen and sixteen Fathom water.

Carr-Rocks.

The Carr-Rocks Carr-Rocks. lye off from Fifness east north east a mile in the Sea, the outward Rock dryeth the last quarter Ebb, the others are only seen at low-water on Spring-tydes. Keep the Light of the May south and by west, and that will carry you clear of the Carr; in the Night come no nearer it then in fifteen and sixteen Fathom water. If you be to the northward of it, you will have fifteen, sixteen, and seventeen Fathom; and if to the southward, you will have two and twenty, three and twenty, and four and twenty Fathom.

Inch-Cape-Rock.

Lyeth from Fifness four leagues north east half north;Inch-Cap [...] Rock. from the mouth of the River Tay east half south four leagues; from the Red-head south east three leagues and a half, and from the Light of the May north north east six leagues. The Isle of Bass on the Isle of May carries you just on the edge of the Cape-Rock; but the Bass on the east part of the May carries you clear; you have from eighteen to two and twenty Fathom within a mile of it, except the southwest part of it, and there you will have four and five Fathom a mile off, as Mr. Marr saith, who is a very ingenious Mariner at Dundee. The Flood runneth over it south west, and the Ebb north east. This Rock is about a mile long, and a Cables length broad, and dryeth the last quarter Ebb, and is very dangerous, especially in smooth water at high-water time.

St. Andrew's-bay.

This Bay lyeth to the northward of Fif­ness, and between Fifness and the River Tay, St. An­drew's Bay. in which Bay is very good Anchoring for Landerly-winds. In the bottom of which Bay lyeth the Town and Haven of St. An­drew's, St. An­drew's-Peer. where is a small Stone-Peer for small Vessels, where at Spring-tydes at high-water is ten and eleven foot, and seven and eight at Neap-tydes. Two miles to the north­ward of this place lyeth an Inlet called Eden, Eden. and at high-water sheweth as though it were a Harbour, but 'tis only a place for Boats.

River of Tay.

[...]iver of Tay.Lyeth four leagues to the northward of Fifness, and lyeth from the Carr-Rocks north north west. On the north side of the River is a red Sand-hill, called Bukannais, or Bot­tonnas, on which stand two Light-houses by the Sea side, being a leading Mark to Sail into the River Tay, between two Sands, the one Sand, which is the north sand, is called the Goa, and lyeth off east south east a mile and a half off from Bukannais side; the other Sand, which is the south Sand, is called A­vertie, and lyeth off from the south side of the River, east north east two miles and a half, and dryeth at low-water. Between these two Sand-heads in the going into the Ri­ver Tay, which are a mile asunder, without which Sand-heads is but three Fathom water from Sand-head to Sand-head.

Red-head.

From the River Tay to the Red-head Redhead. the Course is north east by north about three Leagues. A mile to the westward of Red-head is the Town and Peer of Arbroth, Arbroth. a place for Boats only. To the northward of Redhead is a fair Buoy, called Lounan-Bay, Lounan-Bay. where is good Anchoring in eight or nine Fathom water, Redhead bearing south.

Montross-River.

Lyeth four miles to the northward of Red-head; Montross-River. the going in to this River is ve­ry narrow; About two Cables length over there lyeth a Rock east north east from Scurdinnais, called the Stone, on the south side; and from the north side runs off a Spit of Sand, called the Annot: between this Sand and the Stone-Rock is the going into the River. The Marks to Sail in this River is this; bring the Rivers mouth west and by south, and run in till you see three Hills lying together in the Country, and a little House on an Island in the River, bring the House on the middle of the three Hills, and this Mark carries you in; run up before Ferry-Den and Anchor in four Fa­thom, or four Fathom and a half of water, and moar your Ship. But if the Wind blow hard, and the Sea high, be sure of your Ships working, and take notice that the Tyde of Flood cometh from the northward, [Page 18] and sets strongly thwart the Rivers mouth to the southward; but being within Annot, the Tyde runneth in strong with you; the Rivers mouth is all of a Breach when the Winds are out and blow-hard, with the Tyde of Ebb. The House on the Island being kept open of the Southland, is also a good Mark to Sail into the River. The Map of Montross is numbred with the Let­ter P. It floweth here at Full and Change south west by south.

Todhead.

From Montross to Todhead Todhead. the Course is north east three Leagues; betwixt both is good Anchoring for Landerly-winds.

Dounfit.

From Todhead to Dounfit Dounfit. the Course is north north east. Easterly three Leagues on the north side is Dounfit, it is a good Bay for Anchoring in nine Fathom water, the Point south. In the bottom of this Bay is the Town and Peer of Stonehive, where at Spring-tydes at high-water you have twelve and thirteen foot water, and ten and eleven foot at Neap-tydes.

Girdlenais.

From Dounfit to Girdlenais Girdlenais the Course is north north east half east four Leagues. A little to the northward of Girdlenais is the Bay of Aberdeen, where is good An­choring in seven, eight, or nine Fathom water; you may bring the Point of Gir­dlenais south and south by east.

Aberdeen.

Aberdeen.Lyeth a mile to the westward of Girdle­nais, and is a Tyde-Haven, where Vessels enter at high-water; you Sail close in by the south shoar: the Entrance into the Ri­ver is very narrow. On the Larboard-side, going in, is a Beacon, you Sail close by it; the north shoar is a low sandy Point, on which is a Block-house, which you leave on the Starboard-side. You must not venter in here without a Pilot, for the Bar often alters: And you are to observe, that no Ship of any Burden, that draws ten, eleven, or twelve foot water, will adventure here, but when the water is very smooth, and the Winds off shoar, and Spring-tydes. Here are always Boats ready to help Ships in and out.

Bokannais.

From Girdlenais to Bokannais, Bokanna [...] the Course is north north east and north east by north eight or nine Leagues. In the midway be­tween them, is Newbrough-Creek, a place only for small Vessels.

Peter-head.

Peter-head Peter-head. lyeth a little to the northward of Bokannais, and lyeth within Calk-Inch. Here are two little dry Peers, only fit for small Vessels to enter at high-water.

To the southward of Peter-head is a large Bay, where you may Anchor in eight or nine Fathom water, and may Ride with the Wind off shoar: but have a care that the southerly Winds do not catch you there, for then you will have a hard Road.

Ratter-head.

From Calk-Inch to Ratter-head Katter-head. the Course is north two Leagues. There is a Ledge of Rocks runs off from Ratter-head east north east a mile into the Sea, therefore keep no nearer the shoar than twelve or thirteen Fathom; or keep Mormount, (which is a high Hill in the Country, and sheweth like a Saddle) in sight above the Sand-hills of Ratter-head. Mormount may be seen ten or twelve Leagues at Sea.

Murrey-Frith.

Is a deep Bay,M [...]rr [...] Frit [...]. and lyeth in between Bo­kannais (which is the east part of Scotland) and Dungsby-head, which is the north of Scotland. This Bay is known by the name of the North-Frith, as Edinbrough is by the name of the South-Frith. In the western-most part of this Frith lyeth two most excellent Harbours, Cromerty and Inver­ness.

Cromerty.

Lyeth to the westward of Kinnards-head, Crome [...]y. which is the north part of Bokannais, twenty Leagues; the going in is almost a mile over between two high Lands, the shoar bold and steep, and no manner of danger in going in or out. The best An­choring [Page 19] is on the south side, just within the mouth of the Harbour. The Town or Village of Cromerty lyeth on the south side in the mouth of the Harbour; the north shoar of the Harbour is sandy, and dryeth at low-water: you may stand into either side of the Harbour by your Lead, the sounding being good, and shoaleth gradu­ally. Five miles above the Harbours mouth it falleth narrow at Inverbrecky-Ferry, where is fifteen Fathom water; and as you sail further up it shoaleth gra­dually, there being five Fathom water at low-water five miles above the Ferry of Inverbrecky. The Map of this place is numbred with the Letter Q. This Har­bour is able to contain the Navy Royal. It floweth here at Full and Change south and by east. The Spring-tydes rise and fall fifteen and sixteen foot, and the Neap-tydes twelve and thirteen foot.

Inverness.

Lyeth to the south end of Cromerty fourteen miles, To sail to Inverness [...]erness. from the mouth of Cromerty, keep close to the west shoar till you come to Chanry-Point, which is a low sandy Point, and there it is very narrow. Being about the Point of Chanry, keep the west shoar till you come near to the mouth of Inverness, where on a low Point of the mouth of the River, you will see the Ruins of a Citta­del; about a mile from this Cittadel lyeth a Bar, on which is but fifteen foot at low-water; so that if your Ship draw above fifteen foot water, you must stay for a Tyde. Being over the Bar, you may run up the River Beauly, and Anchor at Kessock in ten or fifteen Fathom water. The Town of Inverness lyeth a mile up the River, which is fresh water.

Being got within the Chanry-Point, you may Anchor before the Town of Chanry, as you may see in the Map. But if any Ship that is not acquainted, and is fearful to adventure up to Inverness, they may have a Pilot at Cromerty.

Findhorne.

Lyeth east south east from Scromerty four Leagues,Findhorne and is a Tyde-Haven, where Ves­sels enter at high-water.

Tarbetness.

From Cromerty to Tarbetness, Tarbetness the Course is north east and by north four Leagues, a bold and clean shoar; only in the Fair­way there lyeth a small parcel of Rocks, about half a mile from the shoar, called the Three Kings, which shew above water.

Tarbet-Bay, or The Frith of Taine.

To the northward of Tarbetness Tarbet-Bay or The Frith of Taine. lyeth into the westward a deep Bay, called Tar­bet-Bay, or The Frith of Taine. Such Ships as have occasion to sail up to Taine must take in a Pilot, for there lyeth a Bar about five miles to the westward of Tarbet-Point, where is but six foot at low-water. But in the Bay is good Anchoring for all Winds but easterly.

Dungesby-head.

From Tarbet-Point to Dungesby-head, Dungesby-head. the Course is north east and by north and north north east fourteen Leagues. Be­tween which Head and the Islands of Orkney is a Channel, called Pentland-Frith, where is the strongest Tyde in all the Coast of Great Britain.

Pomona.

Pomona. Pomona is the greatest Island, on which is the Town of Kirkwell, where the Bishop of Orkney resides. In this Island of Pomona are two very good Harbours, Dearsound and Cairston.

Dearsound.

DearsoundLyeth on the north east end of Pomona, just within the Mulhead, which Head is high land and very remarkable, as you may see by the making of it in the Map, numbred with the Letter S. The Mulhead is bold and steep too; the Harbours mouth lyeth from this Head a League, and the Harbours mouth is about a mile over. Keep in the middle, for there lyeth off some sunk Rocks from Point Nestin, which is on the Starboard-side going in; being past this Point, then edge to the northward, and bring Point Nestin east and by north, and Anchor in five Fathom water at low-water. It floweth here at Full and Change south east and by south. The Spring-tydes rise and fall ten and twelve foot, and the Neap-tydes seven and eight foot in this Harbour. The English Convoy and Fishermen for Iceland, make use of this Harbour most commonly to fill fresh water, and take in Turff for Firing. Provisions are here good and Plenty, all these Islands afford much Corn. Fish of all sorts is very plenty and cheap.

Cairston.

Lyeth at the south west end of Pomona, Cairst [...] and is a good and safe Harbour, and is a good out-let to the westward. There are several Channels to sail to it, as you may see by the Map. There is a good Channel at the south end of Pomena, called Hamsound. You sail close by the Point of Rosness, lea­ving the Island Lamholme on the Larboard-side, and so keep the Island Pomona aboard till you come up to Cairsound.

There is a good Channel beween South-Ronalsha and Burra, and another broad Sound between the Island of Hoy, Flota, and South-Ronalsha. Betweeen the Isle of Hoy and Pomona, are many good places to Anchor in, where you ride Land-lock't. The Tydes run in and out very strong be­tween the west end of Hoy and Pomona, where you will have great Riplings and Breaches, as though there were shoal-water, yet the Channel is bold and deep, and no danger; in the Harbour of Cairston is no manner of Tyde, where you ride with great safety. It floweth here at Full and Change south east. The Spring-tydes rise and fall ten and twelve foot.

Kirkwell-Road.

Kirkwell-R [...]ad.To sail into Kirkwell-Road, you must sail between Pomona, and Shapinsha, leav­ing the Island Elgar-Holm on the Starboard-side, and the Island Thieves-Holm on the Larboard-side; being about the Island, stand into Kirkwell-Road, and Anchor before the Town in five, six, seven, eight, or nine Fa­thom water.

Moonos-Bay.

M [...]nos- [...]There is very good Anchoring to the westward of Kirkwell-Bay, called Moonos-Bay. There are several sunk Rocks that lye to the northward of Kirkwell-Bay, be­tween it and the Island Garsay. But I would not have any Stranger sail that way but with a Pilot.

Wiresound.

Wire­sound.To sail into Wiresound from the eastward you must sail into Stronsa-Frith, between the Mulhead and Stronsa; in which Frith runneth a very strong Tyde, especially on Spring-tydes, so that if you should Anchor, your Cables and Anchors must be very good to hold, besides the Ground is foul. Here you will have great Riplings and Breaches caused by the strength of the Tydes, and yet deep water. Being entred into the Frith between the Mulhead and Stronsa, keep over to Shapinsa, and sail between it and Green-Island, leaving Shapinsa on the Larboard-side, and Green-Island on the Starboard-side, and then sail between Wire, Eglesha and Rowsay, which three Islands make a good Road, called Wire­sound; you may turn in with a Tyde, there being no danger; only from the south end of Eglesha lyeth off some Rocks, of which you must have a care, they lye a mile off Bring St. Agnis Church north east, or east north east, and Anchor in six, seven, eight, or nine Fathom water. This is a good Road, and but little Tyde, and is used by the Iceland Fishermen when they are bound for Iceland.

Scoknesholm.

There is a narrow Channel to sail out at the north end of Wiresound, between Row­say and a little Island, called Scoknesholm, Scoken­sholm. where is four Fathom at low-water, keep in the middle between them. But the best Channel is to go out at the south end of Eglesha, and so sail out Westra-Frith, be­tween Rowsay and Westra, keeping nearest to Rowsa, for there lyeth some sunk Rocks about two Miles off from Croskirk on We­stra.

There is a Channel between Stronsa, Sanda, and Eda into Stronsa-Frith, and so to Wiresound, and out of Westra-Frith.

I have given you an Account of the best Harbours in these Islands; only there are several others, which are made use of but by small Vessels, which I have no occasion to mention, my only design being to harbour Ships in the best Harbours.

Faire-Isle.

Between the Islands of Orkney and the Islands of Shetland, is a small Island cal­led Fair-Isle, Fair-Isle. which is inhabited. The Dutch East-India Ships, as they go and come from India, sail between the Islands of Orkney and Shetland, and homeward bound they send ashoar at this Fair-Island for Letters of Advice; but commonly the Dutch East-India Company send a Ship to meet them here with Advice.

Sumbrough-head.

Sum­brough-head. SƲmbrough-head is the south part of Shetland: between it and Fitfil-head are three Bays, as you may see in the Map of Shetland, numbred with the Letter W

Quindel-Bay.

The best is Quendel-Bay, and lyeth on the east side of Fitfil-head, and is a good place to Anchor in six, seven, or eight Fa­thom water; the Sea being open but to four Points of the Compass.

West-Voe.

A little to the westward of Sumbrough-head is a small Bay, called West-Voe, West-Voe. where you Anchor in seven or eight Fathom wa­ter, and is a good Road for all Winds, but from the south to the south east.

East-Voe.

About a Mile to the northward of Sum­brough-head is a Bay, called East-voe, East-Voe. and lyeth south south west in, where you An­chor in three or four Fathom, and is a good Road for all Winds, but north east Winds. As you sail in and out you must keep a Cables length. At the Entry into this Bay is another Bay, and runneth in west and by north, where is shoal-water, not above four and five foot.

About six miles to the northward of Sumbrough-head is a little Inlet, where are two Bays, Lewenwick and Sandwick.

Lewenwick.

Lewenwick Lewen­wick. lyeth in west north west, and west and by north; and as soon as the Bay opens, you sail in west, and west and by south, and Anchor in seven and eight Fa­thom water.

Sandwick.

Sandwich Sandwick. runneth in north, and north and by east, and is a little Bay, where you Anchor in seven Fathom water. The Point of Nonnaise lyeth from Lewenwick about a Mile.

Island of Musa.

From the Point of Nonnaise lyeth the Island of Musa Island of Musa. north east about a mile: there is a Channel between the Island and [Page 23] the Main. North west and by north, and north north west from this Island, is a little Inlet going in north, called Eths-Noe, where is but ten and twelve foot.

Brasey.

[...]From the Island of Musa to the Head of Brasey or Wart-hill, the Course is north two Leagues. Between the Island of Brasey and the Main is the going into Brasey-Sound, leaving Brasey on the Starboard-side, there is no manner of danger in sailing in and out at Brasey-Sound. You may Anchor before the Town of Lerwick in five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten Fathom-water Land-lock. The Earl of Sandwich, in the Year 1665. in the War with Holland. An­chored here with the English Fleet under his Command. This is a most excellent Harbour, and much frequented by the Dutch Herring-Fishers Busses; for at these Islands the Dutch begin their Summer-her­ring fishing, and so follow the Fish from this Place to the Coast of Scotland, and the Coast of England; they begin to fish at Shetland about the middle of June, and continue fishing from thence to Yarmouth, till the latter end of September: there have been five hundred Sail of Dutch Herring-Busses at a time in Brasey-Sound. Here you have fresh water, and Turff for firing, and great plenty of several-sorts of Fish.

Island of Nosse.

[...]and of [...]sse.You may very easily know the going into Brasey-Sound by the Island of Nosse, which lyeth to the eastward of the Island Brasey, the eastward part of which Island is called Hang-cliff, being a high steep Cliff by the Sea side, and hanging over in­to the Sea. Wart-hill, or Sandwich-hill is very remarkable, as you may see in the Map of Brasey, numbred with the Letter T. It floweth here at Full and Change south east and by south. The Spring-tydes rise and fall eight foot, and at a Neap-tyde five foot; here is but a small Tyde: the Flood cometh into the south Entrance, and runneth out at the north Entrance, and the Tyde of Ebb to the contrary: the Tydes are strongest at the north En­trance.

Holme of Cruester.

B [...]ing in Brasey-Sound, and that you would sail out at the north end, called the North-Sound, keep the Main-side till you are past a small Island, called The Holme of Cruester, The Holme of Cruester for to the westward of this Island lyeth some sunk Rocks, called Loofhabor, being past these Rocks, steer away to the northward, and when you come to the first narrow Entrance, there is a middle bank on which is but fifteen foot water; but there is a narrow Channel of eighteen foot water of each side of it; you may keep of either side of it, the shoars being bold, and then you come in­to a broader place, and then narrow again, which is the northermost Passage; you must keep the Main aboard, and go close by the small Island or Rock called Scotland, for there lyeth some sunk Rocks off from Brasey side, as you may see see in the large Map of Brasey: being out at the north end, you have a good Channel out between Beoster-Island and Green-Island into the Sea.

The Voes.

Between the Island of Brasey and a head Land called the Mull of Esweek, lyeth in four deep Sounds and Bays, called by the Inhabitants Voes: the southernmost is cal­led Deal's Voe, Deal's Voe, and lyeth two Miles to the northward of the Island Brasey, and is a Bay, lying in south west and by south two Miles, but not above a quarter of a Mile broad. About three quarters of a Mile from Kebester-Point, which is on the south side, there lyeth a Rock called Toagrood, and sheweth at half-tyde. It beareth from the said Point of Kebester north east and by north.

Laxford-Voe.

A Mile to the northward of Deal's Voe is Laxford Voe, Laxford Voe. lying south west and by south two Miles, much like Deal's Voe, where is three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten Fathom water clear Ground, and good Anchoring.

Websters-Voe.

A little to the northward of Laxford-Voe, lyeth Websters-Voe, Webster's-Voe. a Mile in west and by [Page 24] south, where is good Anchoring in four, five, six, seven, and eight Fathom water.

Catford-Voe.

Catford: Voe. Catford-Voe is the northernmost and the best, for there you ride Land-lockt for all Winds. This is a most excellent Bay, and able to hold a Navy Royal, where you may Anchor in what depth of water you please, from fourteen Fathom to three Fathom clear Ground.

From Sumbrough-head to Nonnais, the Flood runneth to the northward; but from Nonnais to Brasey, the Ebb falleth to the northwards, and the Flood to the contra­ry, as the Ebb doth from Nonnais to Sum­brough-head, so that the Tydes part at Nonnais.

Colsa-Island.

FROM Fitfil-head to the Island of Colsa, Colsa-Island. the Course is north north west two Miles, and from Colsa to the Island St. Ringins, St. Ringins Island. the Course is north and by west two Miles. This Island is joyned to the Main by a little Isthmus of Sand, which overfloweth at some high Tydes. To the southward of this Isthmus, and within the Island, is a fair sandy Bay, where is a good Road to Anchor in se­ven, eight, or nine Fathom. There is a good Road to the northward of this Isth­mus, where is a good Road for easterly and southerly Winds.

Little Hevra and Great Hevra.

Two Miles north and by west from the Island of St. Ringins are two Islands, cal­led Little Hevra and Great Hevra; Little He­vra and Great He­vra. between which and the Main is the little Island, called the Holme of Maywick. Between this Island, and the Island Hevra, is the Entrance into Clift-Sound, which is a fair and clean Sound, and runneth in north half east two Leagues and a half, having the Island of East-Buro, and the Island Tronzo on the west, and the main Land on the East, and a mile broad in some places, and other places less, as you may see in the Map; where you may Anchor in good Ground, from eighteen Fathom to five Fathom. At the nor­thernmost part of this Sound the Island of Tronzo lyeth within a Cables length of the Main, at which narrow place is a Bar, where is but six and seven foot water at low-water, and eleven and twelve foot at high-water to sail over the Bar, Keep close to the Main, and within half a Mile of the Town of Scallaway.

The best Channel to go into Scallaway, How [...] Sail i [...] Scalla [...] is to sail without the Island of Buro, and bring the Castle of Scallaway north east and by east; there is a leading Mark, which is to keep the Castle of Scalla­way just open of the south side of Green-Island, and this Mark will carry you in between Buro, Oxna, and Papa, leaving Buro on the Starboard-side, and Oxna and Papa on the Larboard-side, and so sail in between Green-Island, and the little Island called Narry, which are not above a Cables length asunder: being past these Islands, run in with the Castle open before the Town, in four, three, or two Fathom water. It floweth here at Full and Change south south east, and south east by south.

From Sumbrough-head to Scallaway the Tyde of Ebb runneth to the north­wards, and the Flood to the contrary. Here I found the Variation to be six De­grees westerly;Variat [...] and the same at the Islands of Orkney.