AT 17. years of age, I began to serve the late King of happy memory, Charles the-First, being ancient un­der my Lord Ashley, General Major of the Army, in the first expedition against the Scots; an Accord was made as other agreements in those times, of very short continuance; for the spring following, the war was the second time declared in that expedition, I was first Leu­tenant in the Regiment of Colonel Henry Wentworth, brother to the Earl of Cleveland; shortly after, a Compagnie falling vacant in the same Re­giment, by the favour of the King I obtain'd it. In the space of a year the peace was again made, and the Armies disbanded. The war betwixt the King and the Parliament followed shortly after; I continued in his Majesties interest and service; I commanded the Regiment of the late Duke of Somersent, at that time Marquess of Hartford. Generall for the King in the Westerne Pro­vinces.

2. In the first incounter, which Arrived betwixt his Majesties and the Parlaments forces; I was hurt and taken Prisoner; brought so to London, by the late Lord Hollis, at that tyme Colonel under the Parlament. Not long after, being at liberty; the King honnoured mee with a Commission, for a Regiment; not being at that tyme, full twenty years old: having levied it, I returned to Oxford, where his Majesty held his court. Few days after, his Hyghness Prince Robbert, gave me a Commission, which he had procured of the King; to be Governour of Malmesbury; whereof I knew not any thing, before he was pleased to deliver it mee. About the month of April following; his Majesty sent mee order (being pressed for troupes) to march with three Regiments of foote, and as many Compag­nies of horse, to Joyne his Army; for the relief of Reading; besieged by the Earle of Essex; and was rendered by Colonel Fielding, at the same tyme the King arrived there; which might greatly have endangered his Ar­my; had the Enemy seen, and made use of their advantage.

3. In the month of June following, his Majestie sent Prince Maurits, and the Duke of Somerset with an Army into the west, whereof my Regi­ment was part; to Joyne with My Lord Hopton, and Lord Berkeley; who had beaten the Parlements forces, Commanded by the Earle of Stamford, not long before, in the Province of Cornwell, the Conjunction was made; the towns of Weymouth (whereof the late Earl of Shaffsbury was left [Page 6] Gouvernour) Taunton, and Bridwater being taken, and garrisons placed in them; the body of the Army Marched, towards Generall Waller, ha­veing first despatched my Lord Berkelay, with four Regiments of foote, and some few troupes of horse, to blocque up Exeter, to prevent the Earl of Stamfords raising of forces in Devonshire. Who was Generall in the West for the Parlament; but after the Battaile of Stratton reduced to the Gouvernment of that Citty.

4. The first day, wee came before it; the Enemy despising our small Num­ber; sillied out, with a very considerable party; but was vigorously repul­sed, beaten, and some of their out worcks, and the south subburbs pos­sessed; which by reason of our want of Amunition; and our few forces wee quitted of our own accord, very many of their men where killed, and taken prisoners. The siege continued about twoe months: the Parlement endeavoured twice to succour it, once by land, from plimouth, and Dart­mouth; which where surprised in their march, beaten and totally Dissipated.

Secondly by sea, with the Parlaments fleet, commanded by the Earl of Warwich, having two thowsand souldiers aboarde, which he designed to land at Apsom, under the favour of his Cannon; but was prevented by our sinking (the night before) divers vessels with stones in the Channel. He endeavoured to land at other places on the strand, in his long Botes; but was always repulsed with loss, one of his ships was fired by us; another so raked through, by our Cannon; that they were Constrayned to fire it themselves, not able to bring it of.

5. About this time Bristol was taken by the Kings forces. Prince Mau­rits arrived before Exeter, with about 3000 Cornish foote, and some hor­se; having viewed all the quarters, and Approches; resolved on an Atta­que; by the south gate; which was Committed to Colonel Chudly, and mee; with 2000 men, the manner left to our selves, at the place where wee intended to fall on; the enemy had twoe out guards, advanced from the southgate, the distance of musquet shot, of about 3 or 400 men; with a line of communication from the port, to the out works, which, wee could perceive was but slightly mand; wee resolved with fire locks, and Pi­kemen, with pistols by their sydes; that light matches should not discover our designe; to march silently an hower before break of day, to assault the line jointly, by way of surprise: he on the left hand neat the outguarde, I on the right, neer the port; hopeing thereby (if success full) to cut of [Page 7] the retreat of the Enemy, which wee did; by this meanes all in the out work, were either killed, or taken. Whereupon wee Lodged our selves under the wall, reasnably wel couvered; soe neer the port that they durst not attempt à sally: in this condition and consternation; they beat a par­ley, desired a treaty, sent out hostages; Sir Richard Cave and I, were employed to treat, and had the place rendered even on our owne tearmes.

6. Having refreshed the Army, twelve or fourteen days, the Prince marched to Dartmouth, though late in the year, to begin a siege; before the several Quarters were fully fixed, his Highness; the Earl of Marborow, General of the Artillery, &c. and Major General Basset, fell all three at one ti­me dangerously sick, which caused disorder and delay; the greatest part of the Officers were inclined to raise the siege, and retire the Army into Winter-quarters: Sir Richard Cave, Colonel Chudley, and my selfe opposed it, and wrote to My Lord Berkeley, (who was Gouvernour as well or the Pro­vince, as of Exeter) to come to the Army; at whose arrival resolution was taken to attacque the Town in two places: Colonel Chudley, and my selfe were ordered (as at exeter) to assault one post, in divers places, he entered the first, beat the Enemy out of some Workes, but being un­fortunately killed, his Troupes were repulsed; those I commanded en­tered likewise, drove them from all their outworks, which was their chief strenght in that quarter; and commanded the Towne, which immedia­tely treated, and rendered: whereof Colonel Seymour was made Gou­vernour.

7. Towards the end of October, the King sent order to my Lord Berckely, to dispatch mee with my own Regiment, and what other trou­pes he could spare, with all expedition, to joyne with my Lord Hoptons Army, for the relief of Basing, then besieged by Sir William Waller. I was immediately sent away with a Brigade of Foot, consisting of his Lordships Sir William Courtenays (not he of Devonshire, but another of the same name) Sir John Acklands, Colonel Strangeways, and my own Regiment: with three troupes of Horse: I joyned my Lord Hoptons Army; Basing was relieved, Waller retired, incamped advantagiously under Farnham Castel; General Hopton followed him; presented him Battaile; the one would not dislodge, nor the other attacque him as he lay; the day following, a Councel of war was held, about the beginning of De­cember, where it was resolved, that the Amy should separate into four Brigades, and retire to Winter-quarters, one with my Lord Hopten to [Page 8] Winchester, another under Sir Charles Vavasour to Alsford, a third commanded by Colonel Boles to Alton, the fourth with mee to Peters­field, the Horse were divided accordingly, a party with every Brigade of Foote, whereof I had with mee Sir Edward Stowels Regiment of Cavalle­ry, Sir Edward Fords, Sir Edward Bishops, four Troupes of my Lord Bellasis his Regiment, commanded by his Major Bovel, with the three Troupes which came with mee out of Devonshire. One present at the Councel, declared his opinion, that it was dangerous to divide the Army into so many open quarters, whilest Sir William Wallers remained in one entire Bodie, since he could in one night (as his custome was to march) force any of the neerest to him, before the others could be advertised, joine, and succour the quarter aetacqued; this comming from a verry youngman was neglected as of no moment, though the consequence, ten days after, made it appeare, as one of Cassandra's predictions, which though always true, were never believed, till accomplished, or pastremedy.

8. Four of five days after, my Lord Berkeley arrived at my quarter, from Oxford, bringing with him Sir William Butler his Regiment of Horse, with the Kings commands, to march incontinently to­wards Arundel, to take it if possible. I marched all tuesday with the Horse, and as many Musquetiers as I could mount, being favoured by a great mist, without any discovery, about four of the clock, wednes­day morning, wee surprised, and forced the Towne; the greatest part of the Enemie retired into the Castel, which was rendered the Saturday follow­ing (when my foote came up) that the Souldiers should goe whither they would, leaving all Armes, and Amunition, both of war, and mouth hav­ing in three or four days, given the necessary orders, touching the defence of the Town and Castel; I left Sir Edward Ford there, with 400. Foote, marching all night with the rest (at the instances of Sir William Butler, whom his Majestie had made Sherif of Kent) hoping to have taken Bramber Castel, but were prevented by Colonel Morley, and Sir Michael Livesie, who had possessed themselves of the place and passage over the Ri­ver, with about 2000. Men, out of Kent, whilest I was seeking another forde, where I might pass the River with more conveniencie then in the face of the Enemy; my Lord Hopton by an Express, sent mee ad­vertisement, that the General Waller (as was foreseen, and foretold) marching all the night from Farnham, to Alton, had forced that quarter, about breake of day, killed Colonel Boles who commanded the Brigade, and all the soldjers either out of, or taken prisonners, and totaly dissipated [Page 9] the Earl of Crawfords Brigade of horse, which misfortune had soe weak­ned his Army, that he could not hinder the enemies progress, which he was persuaded would be for the recovery of Arundel, before it could be provided of all things, necessary for its defence; which he recommended to mee with great earnestness, desiring mee to keep what forces I thought needful for the place, and to send back Sir William Butler, with the rest, to join his Army; assuring mee, that if I were besieged, he would relieve mee in eight days; exspecting suddainely forces from Oxford.

9. I retain'd neer 800 Foote, with the four Companies of my Lord Bel­lasis Regiment of Horse, and my own Troupe; sending back all I could, under the Command of Sir William Butler; in less then four and twenty howers after, General Wallers Army appeared before the Town, which I resolved to defend, as long as I could; and in case of necessitie to retire to the Castel, it was assaulted in three places, and no fortifications, but the ruines of an old wal, and without it (at some distance) a more ancient Line, and Ditch; but without Flanque; where I judged they might be most useful, I placed Major Bovel with his horse; and perceiving not far from mee, that a considerable bodie of the enemies Foot had passed the Line, with eight or ten blew Collours, which were of Sir Arthur Haselrigs Regiment, commanded by Colonel Birch (who I think still lives) and began to range themselves in order; I desired Major Bovel to charge them with me, for if we brake them not, the Castle might be lost as well as the town; we charg'd, routed, and drove them back over the Line: Colonel Birch was (as I remember) wounded in the bellie, and one Captaine Be­del casting himself amongst the dead bodies (as if kill'd) was discover'd, and taken prisoner: my horse was shot with a musket-bullet in the hip, and fell with mee; I had (aparently) been killed, unless rescued by some Officers of my Lord Bellasis Regiment. Another post where Major Flet­cher commanded, was forced; he dangerously wounded, and taken pri­soner; with great difficulty wee retired into the Castel, where the Enemie thought to have entered with us, but was repulsed.

10. In theise conflicts many were kill'd on both sides. I found means to advertise the King of the state of the place, both as to its strenght Amunition, and Victual; of the twoe last wee were very ill provided, by reason of the suddainess of the siege, as soon it was taken. I receiv'd assu­rance from his Majestie, that within ten, or twelve days, I should be suc­coured; [Page 10] if I could defend it so longe, which was (in some manner) endea­voured, but succeeded not. I held it out five and twenty days, to great ex­tremitie, it was rendered by the Councel of War, upon quarter for life: I never signed the Capitulation, and might have been deny'd the benefit of the Articles, and quarter, had General Waller been cruel. Of above 900 Officers, and Souldiers, Horse and Foote, which I retain'd before the siege; few more then 200 marehed out, the rest either killed, or dead of the bloo­dy flux, and spotted feavour; with the first whereof I was my selfe attac­qued, as soon as recovered; I was sent prisoner upon my parolle to Lon­don, without guards, were rendering my selfe; I was committed to the Tower; remaining there about six months, until I had libertie from the Earl of Essex, to procure the freedom of Sir Ellis Layton (at that time Colonel of horse under the Parliament) and of one Whyte, Capitain in the same Regiment, in Exchange, or to return again to the Tower within eight and twenty days.

11. The King granted their libertie, as soon as I arrived at Oxford, where I stayd but two days, and went post to Exeter by his Majesties commands, having dispatcht my affaires, for which I was sent, I returned towards Ox­ford; on the way I understood, that the Earl of Essex, and General Wal­ler, were before it, the King brake through them, with what forces he had and retired to Worchester; Waller followed him: Essex halted some time at Burford, neer which, in my way; I fell into a small party of stragling Souldjers, without any Officer; I told them I had the Earl of Essex his pass for 28. days; that not more then halfe the time was expired, and was therefore free; that satisfyed them not; I was unwilling to be taken ha­ving papers of importance, and cyfers in my cloths, and sadle; I was wounded in my left eye, and in danger to have lost it by the blowe of a pistol, which had been fyred in vaine; I was made prisonner, brought to Essex, who caused me to be dressed by his Chirurgeon for 2 or 3 days, and set me at libertie, according to my pass: I went to Oxford, where I re­mained till cured, and then returned to Exeter.

12. Prince Maurits, who had allways honoured mee with his favour, in whose service I had not been unlucky, employed mee in his Army; the Earl of Essex marched Westward, whereof his Highness being advertised, rose from before Plymouth, and strengthned with 2000 Cornish men, re­solved to march to Exester, and there encampe, under the shelter of the [Page 11] Town, and River, to keep himself from the necessitie of a Battaile, being very inferior in number to the Enemy; the same day the Prince marched from Okhampton, the Earl in the evening arrived at Tiverton, we at Kirton; some Quarter-masters of both Armies encountered, to make quarters in the same places; which was the first advertissement wee had, where he was; and I believe he knew as little of us: upon the allarme the Prince dispatched mee with a thousand Foote, and some Horse, in the night to possess Exbridg, least the enemie should have been before hand; I did it, and cast up a brest worke. His Highness followed with the Armie; the Earl persued his march to Pliemouth, and thence into Cornwel; leav­ing the Prince, which seem'd strange to most. I conjectured at his reason, and found shortly after, that I had not divined amiss, but the recite is long, and here needless.

13. The very same day, his Highness received an Express from the King in Cypher, whereby he was advertised, that his Majesty had beaten Wal­lers Armie, at Croplie Bridg, and was on his march to joyne both Armies in the West, if possible: His Majestie not knowing certainly, whither our Armie was come Eastward of Essex or not, thus unknown to either, things where in as good a posture, as if concerted; the Prince sent mee immediately to the King, with an account of all.

14. I met his Majestie in march towards chard, being joined, his Ma­jestie followed Essex; wee would have come to a bataille, he not; wee encamped neer together; wee had dayly scermishes; our designe was to streigthen them for victuals; at the end of about 14. days, his horse broke through Eastward, under Lieutenant General Balfourd, the Foote dis­puted their post a while, and then capitulated, to leave their Arms, Col­lours, Artillerie, Ammunition, and Bagage, and to march away with cudgels onely. Essex embarqued himself at Foy, this blemished his repu­tation, and shortly after lost him the Generalat.

15. The King marched towards Oxford, in his way thither was forced to the second battaile of Newbury, were his Armie was something unfortu­nate, and had been more soe, if the jealousies (or rather the Diametrally opposite principles, and aimes) of the Chiefs of the Enemie, had not at that time (in some kinde) favoured his Majestie.

[Page 12]16. The Winter following, the whole model of the Parliaments Mili­tie was changed, the Earles of Manchester, Essex, and General Waller put out: Fairfax made General, Cromwel Leutenant General, and the officers and souldiers composing the Niew Armie; for the most part (if not all) at Cromwels devotion, almost all confiderable persons of the Presbiterean partie put out. The King had for the following somer as­sembled, rather a good then a great Armie, betwixt which (despising the new model) and that of the Parliament, was fought that fatal battaile of Naesby, where his Majestie lost his Armie, and as the unfortunate con­sequence thereof, not long after, his Crown and Life.

17. The King being returned to Oxford the Winter following, em­ploy'd me to London (Sir John Bamfield haveing procured me a pass to returne thither) to penetrate as far as was possible, into the designes of the two parties in the Parliament, in relation to his Majesties Person and Au­thoritie. I wanted neither means, nor assiduitie, to performe what I was commanded. I found the one very severe in their principles, as wel to the Civile, as Ecclesiastical Gouvernment: the other which was influenced entirely by Cromwel, resolved (and labouring) to change and destroye both; I clearly sawe, by Joyning, with the first, the roote of monarchy, was to be preserved, and did believe, the branches would againe growe out: to trust the latter, I saw no reasnable ground; what ever the specious pre­tences of some amongst them were; in their secret Correspondency with persons, of great quality, and no less credit about the King.

18. The Bulke of the party, and the leading men (as I knew, always sayd; and writ both to the King himselfe, and divers others of the greatest quality; some whereof yet live) were resolved upon an entire subversion of monarchie, and the Establishment of a new Gouernment.

19. Having (as I thought) light sufficient, to make these twoe points, as Clear, as by a Mathematical demonstration; I desguised my selfe, in my Groomes Clothes; and went with the Tame Carrier to that Towne; and thence on foote to Oxford; where I Entered in the Evening, without being knowne to any; onely the Captaine of the guard caused me to be brought to Sir Thomas Glemham, who was then Gouvernour; but I was so disgui­sed that he knew me not; I tould him in private that I came from London about some affayres which Concerned his Majestie; desiring him to appoint [Page 13] me to some convenient place; where I might be private; and that he would send one of his servants to M^r. Oudart (who at that tyme was Under-Secre­tary to Sir Edward Nicolas principale Secretary of State) to come to me; which he Immediately did, and returned forthwith, to acquaint the King with my arival, who sent him back, with his commands to put the heads of what I had to say to him in wryting, that he might have time to consider of it, and would speak with me (at large) the night following; in the day, it being almost impossible, without discovery.

20. Accordingly, about eight of the clock, the next evening, I was brought where his Majesty was; none being present but M^r. Secretary Ni­colas; the Duke of York; came in for a moment to receive his fathers Be­nediction, before his going to his rest. The King debated at large Every point, and circumstance, contained in my memorial; being at that tyme fully convinced that he could not exspect any thing, but ruine from the Ar­my, and there adherents in the Parlament; giving me newe instructions, concerning divers eminent persons, of the Presbiterean party, with letters to two of the Chief; and to a great and a wise Lady, who was in extraor­dinary credit, and had much influence upon the transactions of those ty­mes. His Majestie commanded me to acquaint the Queen, from tyme to tyme, with all that passed betwixt him, and me, and of all my transactions concerning his service; which I could better doe from London, then he from Oxford, which I did performe, by a constant Correspondence, with the Earle of S^t. Albans, during the space of about three Years, untill I was commanded out of England for other services.

21. The King having charged me, with new Instructions, letters, and all things expedient for his service, dispatched me againe to London: when Imediately upon my arrivall I spake with those, to whom his Majestie had written; two whereof where unwilling to receive their letters; but con­tented to hear them read; and after to see the hand, and signature; which they knew to have been all his owne.

22. By these means, some where gained by publique, others by their owne particular Interests: a few, who had been his Majesties menial ser­vants, and in his favour; I thinke repented really what they had done; and resolved to efface. What had passed, by their future fidelity

[Page 14]23. But much the greatest part where brought about, through the ap­prehension, that the power of the Army, which dayly encreased, would overgrow the authorithy of Parliament; treading under foote all lawes, and constitutions changing the Gouverment, and Gouvernours; as frequently as the Pretorian Chohorts, did that of Rome, whereby the publique miseries, of the preceding civile war, might prove but the prolo­gue to the following tragedy; Anarchy, usurpation, and tyranny; which begun, was nourished, and ended in blood: as the whole world, has been witness of.

24. Not long after, I had left the King at Oxford; the Army having reduced, all the rest of the Nation (some few places excepted) marched towards that Citty, to besiege both his Majestie and it; who being resolved not to fall into their hands, as long as he could avoyde it, was constrained to save himself disguised in an Ecclesiasticall habit: which was the most pro­per he could assume who not long after, sacrificed his life, for the maintaining of that profession; which he was fully convinced, was of Apostolical In­stitution; and had sworne at his Coronation to upholde; as it had been established by law, at the first solid reformation under the Reigne of Queen Elisabeth, who though a most Zealous Protestant; and the greatest pillar of the reformed Religion, throuwghout all Christendome; could never be induced upon any consideration, to the taking away of the Episcopal fun­ction.

25. The King haveing for that tyme, thus Escaped; threw himself upon the Scotish Army, which then besieged Newarke; and upon the rendering of the Place, was conducted to New Castle: Whither (Imediately at his arrivall) he sent me his commands to Come with all diligence: haveing obeyed, his Majestie was Pleased to Acquaint me, with the State of his affaires, with the Scots; Whose conduct towards him, had not Given him the Satisfaction, which he reasnably hoped for when he had volonta­rily, betaken him selfe to them, for Refuge in his distress: haveing heard all I had to represent, concerning the affaires at London, wich could any ways relate to his person, or Intrest; since his Escape from Oxford: he commanded me, to make a short deduction of all, in writing to leave with him, for the refreshment of his Memory.

26. Haveing remained there a few days: his Majestye was pleased to [Page 15] trust me with new Instructions, according to the change, and Exigence of his affaires; and to dispatch me back to London.

27. Not long after I receaved a Letter from him by an express whome he eminently trusted, to whose Information, he referd me chiefly in the following termes.

28. Part of this Business needs not to bee mentioned Heere, being in some Kinde particular; relating to what degree two or three persons, might, or might not be trusted, and in what Maters: but the princi­pall thereof was, to Engage the Earl of Essex, the Earl of Holland, My­lord Willoby of Parham, with severall others of both houses; so to con­trive the Business; by their owne, and frends credit: that the proposi­tions of the Parliament, which were resolved, should be drawne up (upon his Maj. message a litle before, pressing earnestly a treaty) migt be as mo­derate, as possible Could be Procured; and that such commissioners (by the influence of theise persons, might be chosen to compile them, as neer the model, which his Ma^tie. had given in writing, to the person all ready mentioned, as Could be effected.

29. The business was communicared, where it was most convenient: but the sudaine death of the Earle of Essex, throwgh an appoplexy, ren­dered the propositions more harsh, and difficult; then peradventure they would have been, had he lived; whoe was animated; resolute; would hazard more then all the others; had credit; and was every moment inci­ted, [Page 16] by the influence, and persuations of his sister, the late Dutchess of Somerset.

30. However, Cromwell, the army, and their adherents in Parlia­ment, fearing the very possibility of the Kings assent; in that extremity of his affaires: and by consequence, the frustration of their designs, le­ading to the destruction of his person, and the subversion of Monarchy; Employd all the artifices Imaginable, to have the King desposed to reject entirely, the propositions, Without soe much as demanding any treaty, or Explication: which they concluded, would disgust (to that height) both the Scotch, and severer of the English Presbitereans (as indeed it did) that they should the easilier arrive at their great designe, in the over­throwe of all; as it after fell out, and chiefly throwgh that maxime, which he all a long persued, of keeping the King, and Presbiterans from agreeing; whereof the success, was even at that tyme clearly probable.

31. To this end, they connived at the escape of a person out of the tower, there Prisoner; and in reasnable credit, with the King: being moreover, a clergy Man; animated in the highest degree, against the Scotch, and Presbitereans; was a very proper instrument for their designe; thowgh I shall doe him that right, as to declaer my persuation; that he suspected not the deceit wherein he was flattered, employed, and decea­ved; as many others were, unblemishedly faithfull to the King, but to credulous. This man (as I have sayd) escaped; made his speedy repaire to Niew Castel; being fortified with powerfull recommendations, from twoe, or three, great, and worthy persons.

32. The same day that he parted from London, one whoe was at that tyme, very intimately my frend, and in the secret; gave me a visit; tel­ling mee, (with joye even in his eyes) that he came to tell me the best ne­wes, that ever I had heard; being a particular recite, of the Escape of the fore Mentioned person; with his Message, instructions; and the ou­verteurs he was charged with, to his Maj. from some of the army; and prin­cipal persons, of their adherents; whoe as he sayd were absolutely resol­ved to restore the King; upon his utterly rejecting the Parliaments Pro­positions; and graunting them a full liberty of conscience; and such a po­wer in the Militia, as might secure all to them, which his Maj. (as affaires stood) should finde himselfe necessitated to accord them.

[Page 17]Sect. 33. He added (as allready in tryumph) that the business was as good as done; and that in less then three months, we should see the King on his throne; and in the full Execution of his Regal authority haveing heard him, with great attention (for his discource was weighty, thowgh his judg­ment deluded) without one word of interuption; I answered him at lenght, that I was sorry, I could not rejoice with him, at his triumphant niewes; which I should undoubtedly doe, as much as any Man alive; if I believed the success would prove, what he and those engaged in that designe, fi­gured to them selves; for he had told me whoe they were; three or four of the greatest, and one of the wisest men that served the King, on whose prudence, and integrite his Maj. relyed, as much as any mans. I added, I believe (or rather I knowe) this to be a manifest cheat; concerted be­twixt Cromwell, Ireton, and some cheif persons of their adherents in the twoe houses; whose reall, and hidden end is (what specious pretences soever they make to abuse the credulity of you, and others) to render this treaty ineffectuall, which has been browght about, with great difficulty and, against stronge opposition, even of those persons, whoe make thei­se ouvertures now; hoping hereby to frustrate by adress, what they Could not hynder, by their debates; in the twoe houses and by Makeing it bre­ak of abruptly; by his Maj. Rejecting all the propositions in Generall; cast the odium upon him; and render the breach irreconcilable betwixt him, and the Presbitereans; whereby (as I had much reason to fear) the moste zealous, the most violent, and the least reasnable (which are all­ways the greatest nomber) would entirely abandon the wisest, and most moderate; uniting them selves to the armies party in both houses; whereby, the authority of Parliament, being joyned to the power of the army; both the Kings person, and Monarchie would be desperately exposed.

Sect. 34. I aleaged further, that I knew his Maj. would never consent to the propositions as they lay; nor was it councellable he Should: only that he would demande a treaty, and debate, by a power given to the com­missioners to explaine and discuss, Every artickle apart, and in particu­lar; which was the likeliest means to produce a good Effect: and that by such an answer, and demande, those persons whoe had (as then) the most credit, and cheif direction, would endeavour to despose the Parliament to consent by which means, and throwgh reasnable expedients, which might be fownd out; the severest things might have been moderated; and [Page 18] great difficulties remouved. To which end I told him, I had already writ­ten to the King; whoe seemed to be very well satisfied therewith; and dis­posed to give such an answer.

35. He replyed, that he was (upon good grounds) assured, when his Maj. had hear [...]d, what this messenger forementioned, had to pro­pownd; be would not demande any treaty; and that the army would set him on his throne and make him a great King: I besowght Allmighty God, that it might prove soe; but that I feared, thy would at last take away his life, and crowne together, puting him in a capacity of possessing another in Heaven, more durable.

Sect. 36. The next day, I went to waite on the Marquis of Hartford, since Duke of Somerset; whoe the forenamed Gentilman had told me, was acquainted with all this transaction; and concurred in it: which I fownd true; and that he was persuaded the army would restore his Maj. sudainly: perceaving me obstinate, in the contrary opinion; he sayd theise words to me: Colonel Bamfield, I have allways wished you well, and doe soe Still; and therefor would advise you, not to oppose your selfe fur­ther, to obstruct this cource towards the Kings recouvery; for some of the clergy begin to suspect, that you have particular interests, in your trans­actions with the Presbitereans; which weigh more then that of his Maj. I made answer, that I had no other worldly interest, but what was invol­ved in, and subordinate to, the Kings: that I never expected any advan­tage neither from the one, or from the other partie; but that I was soe ful­ly convinced, of the desperate designs, secret practices; and principles of the army, and their adherents (where of I did not want light) that the groundless jalousie, of some men, nor their deluding hopes, should never make me prostitute my reason, nor act against it; or have any thing to doe with those, whose end, and underground workings were for the destructi­on of the Kings person, and Monarchie.

Sect. 37. A few days after this his Maj. answer came, but not alltoge­ther such, as theise his freinds, whoe, I have mentioned, desired; but unhappy enough for him, to doe the armies business at that tyme, for the most Zealous part of the Presbitereans left, the wisest; and most modera­te (whoe endeavoured to have made the Kings answer the fowndation of a treaty) and being likewise irritated, by the Schotish Ministers, Gyllaspy, [Page 19] and others; joined with the armies adherents in Parliament; to demande of the Scots, the delivery of his Maj. person, to commissioners, whoe were sent to receive him; and guardes commanded by Collonel Graves. This was clearly foreseen, by the late Duke of Lauderdalle (then one of the Commissioners for Scotland) the Earle of Holland, my Lord Wil­lowby of Parham; my Lord Hollis, S^r. Phillip Stapleton, and very ma­ny others in both houses; whoe were ar that tyme entirely for the Kings restauration, upon as moderate termes, as their conduct, and credit in Parliament, Could possibly worke out: and as the only expedient, to remoue difficulties, wished, and endeavoured to bring the business to a per­sonall treaty: by which means, they hoped to abate the severity of some de­mands, which all reasnable, and truly conscientions men amongst them, knew his Maj. Could not graunt, without violence to his conscience, in the breach of his othe; and divesting himselfe of all power, to maintaine ye lawes, protect his subjects; or to preserve himselfe; and his posterity, from being deprived, of that less then halfe his regall, and just authority; which his assenting to those propositions (in the termes they were drawne up) would have left him: the remaining part of his power being but precario; and at the arbitrement of every succeeding Parliament.

Sect. 38. The wisest amongest them, Considered, and acknowldged theise truths; and seeing a part of the Nation desposed with the army, and their adherents, towards a popular Gouverment; would willingly have had more power in the King; then when they began the war, they desired, or designed.

Sect. 39. On the contrary; the adverse partie, was absolutely against a treaty, which they feard might lead to moderation on both sides; and produce an accord; destructive to those great projects, the cheifs of them, had figured to themselves, for a long tyme; and resolved upon, after the niew modeling of the army: to prevent an agreement; they must hinder a treaty; to which end, that party, in both houses haveing at first, vigo­rously opposed, sending of any propositions to the King; but that being carried against them, in the affirmative: by great adress, and infusing ja­lousies concerning Religeon, into the greatest nomber of the Presbitere­ans; (few of them being States men, by experience, and peradventure, not all by reason) they easily drew them to a vote, that his Maj. Should be obli­ged to signe the propositions in the termes, as they were sent him by both [Page 20] houses, alowing no latitude, to the Commissioners by whome they were sent; to treat or debate one syllable: knowing very well, that the King; neither would; nor indeed Could; consent to them as they were; neither with Conscience, honour, or safety: however, least the extreme danger whereunto he lay exposed; might have prevayled with him to consent; they made use of the stratagem, I have allready mentioned, of infusing into the belief of many of the most considerable of the Kings freinds, that the army would restore him, upon certaine conditions specified; whoe led his Maj. himselfe to some hopes of it.

Sect. 40. By theise means the King was by the Scots delivered to the com­missioners, sent by the Parliament to receive him; by them browght to Holmby, one of his owne houses: where he was rigorously guarded, and very hardly used, in all considerations; not permitted to Speak with any man, but in presence of some of the Commissioners; not one of his do­mestique servants suffered about him, nor the liberty to write, or receive a lettre, from the Queen, any of his Childeren, or freinds: knowing nothing what his enemies did; or what he was to doe himselfe. In this de­plorable condition, one nepar (whome the Parliament had placed about him, as his barber) being gained; whose employment every morning, and evening neer his person, gave him the oportunity of conveying letters, unpercevably into his hands; how strictly soever he was watched: by this conveniency, haveing written to him at large, concerning many things; and especialy, of the desorders, begun betwixt the Parliament, and the army; and of all els which I judged necessary for his Knowledg, in that estat he was; he did me the honour, to write to me an answer, in the fol­lowing termes.

Sect. 42. Haveing shewed this letter to some of the chiefs of both hou­ses, whoe I had gained into the Kings interest: and that they had consul­ted, such of their frends, as they could trust, concerning his Ma^ties. reso­lution touching theise four principal propositions; and done all in the bu­siness, which was necessary, and (for me) possible; I gave his Ma^tie. an account there of: with all that I had learnt, and observed, touching the twoe parties; as well, as my humble opinions; there upon grounded; in answer whereunto; I received shortly after this following letter.

Sect. 44. Shortly after, upon the advertisements, which I had given his Ma^tie. touching the Parliaments resolution to disband the army; which effected (some pretended to me, that they Could treat with the King, in greater liberty and securety.) But suspecting, that he would not meet with such reasnable Conditions, after, as before, the armies Cassation: I ga­ve him the advertisement, with my humble opinions there upon, besee­ching him to send his offers whilest things were in the condition, they then Stoode. He was pleasd to answer me as followes.

Sect. 46. Upon the answer which I made to this letter, which contained very many matters of fact of great importance, betwixt the Parliament and army, whose differences flew very high; with the opinion of others, as well as my owne there upon, the particulars where of, all thowgh to long to be Here Mentioned, may be guessed at by the Kings answer, which followes.

Sect. 48. I have many other letters, from his Ma^tie. touching theise ne­gotiations, at that tyme, not necessary here to be inserted, for the end I propose to my selfe. The Parliament had past an ordinance, in both hou­ses, [Page 25] for the disbanding of the army; which would not obey: their refusall, and proceedings there upon, were very high, and factions; and out of the power of the houses to restraine; their only force, lying in their votes, and orders; which the other laughed at, and dispised; whoe haveing thus begun, fownd themselves obliged to goe on; or perish. The Parliament, was here at much alarmed; and the wisest amongest them began to repent, their haveing rejected a proposition, which was secretly made to them, and often urged, with weighty reasons: not to send the Scotch army out of England entirely, and at once; but at the same tyme to disband part of their owne; and send away a like proportion of the Scots; and soe by degrees make them selves quit of both. But this was refused, without aleaging any solid reason against it; but only depending on Parlementary authority, which they sayd, the army would never dare to disobey: they were likewise sorry, they had soe long, and soe much neglected, the great advances which the King had made; and told me plainly; they would endeavour the passing of a vote, in both houses, for the Kings coming to London; but that they apprehended, the army, there upon, would seize upon his person, before he could come thither.

Sect. 49. They desired me to write to his Ma^tie. to know his incli­nation. I told them I would goe my selfe; to a frends house, within less then an hower from Holmby, and would write from thence, which I did all the same night post. Arriving where I intended before noon, the next day from thence I wrote I mediately to his Ma^tie. inclosing my letter, in one to the Earle of Dumfermlin: I acquainted him with the great dan­ger he was in, of being seized by the army; to prevent which, I saw no means, unless his Ma^tie. would, and could save himselfe by night in des­guise; and that I would have horses ready, very neer the place; to bring him to London; where (as affaires stood) I was persuaded, he might come to a reasnable accord, on the fowndation of his Message. The next morning he sent my Lord Dumfermlin to me; whoe gave me, the following lerter.

Sect. 51. My answer to this letter was very short, haveing acquainted my Lord Dumfermlin fully with all things; whoe had likewise himselfe, received letters from some of the Scotch Commissioners at London, which confirmed all I had written, and savd; and therefor concluded some thing was to be done out of hand, for the Kings escape. He named the twoe per­sons to me whoe opposed it; one where of commanding the troupes which garded his Ma^tie., without him it was not possible to have been done. The next morning, in stead of receiving any advice from the King, how I might serve him in his escape; the newes came, of his being secured by a party of the army, commanded by a cornet named Joyce, by his trade a taylour. His, Ma^tie. demanded of him; what commission, or autorite he had, to offer him the violence he did: without soe much as mouving his hat, or shewing the King the least respect; he shewed him with his hand, the five or 600 soldiers which he commanded; saying there is my commission; his Ma^tie. without any (the least) emotion smilingly replyed, t'was written in avery faire hand. In short; he was carried away to the army: some furious spirits amongest them, as Major General Harrison, and others, were for the putting of him to death, by an unammous sentence of the army: but Cromwell, Ireton, and the most politique heads, were for delay, and temporising, soe long, by amusing the King with hopes that they would [Page 27] restore him; till they had entirely broken the Presbiterean party, and rendered them powerless; and themselves more absolute. Upon this fown­dation, Cromwell, Ireton; and other principal persons of the army, be­came very Civile, and some thing respectfull to his Ma^tie. makeing great protestations of haveing no other designe but the setting him, with honour, upon his throne; on his graunting them a free liberty of Conscience; with such a power in the Militia; as they judged convenient for their assurance; that they might not be deprived thereof at pleasure: but that tyme was need­full, to prepare the way; and to dispose the minds of the army, to a sub­mission thereunto.

Sect. 52. These promises, and deep Protestations, seconded by a free permission of his frends to wait on him: of some of his domstiques to serve him; and of his chapelens to performe their functions, in his devotions; according to the Constitutions, and Customes of the Church of England; wrought very much upon the King; especially from the hopes he had; of not being constrained in his Conscience, in Matter of Divine worship, and church Gouverment wherein he was much more sencible; then in what concerned his prerogative, or the rights of the crowne.

Sect. 53. The chiefs of the army (especially Cromwell, and Ierton, whoe were great masters in that art) made large promises, and specious apparencies, without effecting of any thing; or makeing any demandes tending to a positive conclusion, of what would satisfy them, or of what they would doe for his Ma^tie.: and which was then to me remarquable, and worthy at all tymes of observation; that amidest all theise faire pretences, the armies adherents, in both houses, whoe did not any thing, but by secret concert with Cromwell, continually clamoured in Parliament, at the seeming liberty which the King had; often aleadging that he should be more restrayned, and that the chief delinquents (which was the Phraise in those tymes) owght to be brouwght to condigne punishment.

Sect. 54. Twoe or three of the leading men, whoe thirsted for his blood, severall tymes let fly expressions of that kinde, directly against his person; and others a little cautious; more obliquely: but soe, that both the end, and the way to it, which theise men had long projected, by mutuall agree­ment, was in my opinion sufficiently visible; where of I advertised the King constantly; and frequently, the Queen; by my constant adresses to the [Page 28] Earle of S^t. Albanes, whoe lived when I wrote, and intended to Print this relation. As I mentioned all particulars of that nature, spoken in both, or either house, soe I named the authours; haveing had ordnarily once in four and twenty howers, knowledge of all that passed, which concerned the King, whoe was trained from place, to place according to their apprehen­sions, and designes, during the space of divers months; till Colonel Hamond was made Gouvernour of the iste of wight, and Kairesbrooke Castel more magnificently furnished, out of the publique warderobe; then was need­full for him, or sutable to his condition; which by some others was taken notice of; and by me especially, throwgh an unexpected accident, to long to be here inserted; which gave me cause to suspect, and fear what shortly after unhappely arrived; which important circomstance, joined to divers others, not of much less weight, put restless thowghts into my head, till such tyme as I could obtaine a particular audience from the King; to who­me I gave an exact account of my apprehensions, with the grownds of them.

Sect. 55. His Ma^tie. answered; theise reasons have weight, one may fear as well to little, as to much, especially as my condition is, yet if there be any faith in them, they will never come to such extremities; however their feeding me hitherto, with good words, and deep protestations, wit­hout reall effects; or coming in all this tyme, to any particular, or posi­tive conclusion; makes me some tymes doubt the event; but on the other side, I cannot fall into all your apprehentions, which seem, now and then, to hyppocondriacal.

Sect. 56. I replyed, I beseech God thy may all prove soe; where unto I added, that I hoped there was yet an expedient, either to constraine them to doe his business, or to have it done without them. He smiled, and told me such a proposition was well worth the hearing, asking mee what it was.

Sect. 57. I answered, some of the most considerable persons of both houses (whoe I named) were unchangeabley convinced, that the army jugled with him, whoe were resolved upon a totalle change of the Gou­verment; which designe (they whoe had sate during the space of five, or six years, in the same assembly, with them; and had been privy, to their principles, and debates; and (without doubt) to many of their most secret contrivements) could see further into them then any els; and wished [Page 29] his Ma^tie. would bring them to a short, and peremtory resolution, tou­ching what would content them; as likewise what they would doe for him: because that every day, they gained power; and others whoe really desi­red his Ma^ties. Conservation, and reestablishment lost it.

Sect. 58. If they meant syncerely, as they pretended; Cromwell, and Ireton, Could absolutely, engage, that party in both houses, to a con­currance with them; whoe were inseperably linked to his interests: and that the Presbitereans, would not hinder, but further it; to prevent what they reasnably, and exceedingly feared; to late finding that they had rai­sed a spirit, which they could not easily lay againe. And that the event was very uncertayne, in their opposing of that power, which insencibly they had let glide out of their owne hands, and nourisht against themselves, to long, to be able to give limits to it.

Sect. 59. They considered that if the liberty of Conscience, which the army seemed to insist upon, were consented to, and the penal statutes re­pealed, the Presbitereans would have been included, as well as others; and for the power of the Militia, which was demanded for security, it must have resided in King, Parliament, or both: for in the Officers of the army, it could not be, without keeping up a continued standing Mi­litia, which the nation Could not bear, as unsafe, both for King, Par­liament, and people.

Sect. 60. They were therefor of opinion, that his Matie without further delay, should have pleased to press them to a particular, and Catigoricall explanation of their full demands; which if he fownd such, as he could agree to; and that the armies partie in both houses, would syncerely con­cur; there Could be no insuperable difficulty in the business; nor any op­position, saveing what the Scotch Ministers, could have stirred up, whoe would never have approuved of a liberty of Conscience, nor of any thing less then a Presbiterean Gouverment jurê Divinô; which the armies adhe­rents in both houses, were declaredly against; and I dare boldly say (for I understood at that tyme, the temper, and costitution, of that Parliament, as it really was) ten of those, whoe went by the name of Presbitereans, were not of the Schots opinion; but either for a moderate episcopacy, as the King had volontarily offered it, at the treaty at uxbridge, when he was under no force, as the wisest expedient, to have remouved all jalousies [Page 30] about Religeon; or els were erastians; and for haveing the politique Gou­verment of the church dependant, on the civile, as it had been from the midle of Henry the eights raigne, to that very tyme, (the six years of Queen Mary, only excepted.) And undoubtedly there was great, and clear reason; foreseeing, that where the Ecclesiasticale policy of the church, in the one, or the other extreme, is received (or shall be) as Jurê Divinô, the Hyrar­chy, has, and will gouverne more absolutely, then the civile, and supre­me Magistrate; which has been manifest, for many ages, and is as demon­strable for the future, as any probleme of euclide; from which clear, and experienced ground, it may be thowght, that no wise souveraigne Autority, will volontarily part with the best halfe, and surest fowndati­on of its power.

Sect. 61. But insencibly, I forget my selfe; this not being my business; nor was then, any part of my humble representation to his Ma^tie. thowgh above a year before, he had towght me that lesson, when he was at new-castle; in soe much, that by what I have here sayd upon this subject, I be­come but his echoe.

Sect. 62. Wherefor I shall returne, without goeing further astraye, to the matter, which led me to this short digression; to conclude, as I did then, to the King; that the opposition of the Scotch Ministers (thowgh it might have made a little noise, could not have occasioned any interupti­on, to the success of what has been sayd.

Sect. 63. But in case, his Ma^tie. Could not bring the army to such a conclusion, as this councel imported; and that he fownd himselfe con­vinced; that their promises, and protestations, were but delusory; they whoe gave this advice, promised to endeavour, the passing of an order in both houses, to command the army to retire further from London; and to permit the King to come to some of his houses neer the citty, to treat personally, for a well Grownded peace.

Sect. 64. His Ma^tie. replied, this has some weight, being what I hear­tily desire; but I much doubt, the armies obedience; either to leave me at soe much liberty; or to retire to such a distance. However, I will press them as far as is possible, and prudent for me in the condition, I am; to a fixed, and positive Conclusion with me; and by you, shall acquaint them [Page 31] with the success, if I finde it usefull to me. Theise men whoe propownd this to you, see to late, that they have improvidently cut out more wor­ke, then they can make up without my help; but I cannot resolve to doe it all, at my owne expence.

Sect. 65. His Ma^tie. (however) put this in practice with all the ernestness he Could; but met with continual demurs, and delays: that things were not yet sufficiently ripe: that the army was not soe unanimous as was ho­ped it would become: that there were desordres in it (which Cromwell underhand raised, to have a colour for protarction, and for other greater ends which appeared on the the theatre shortly after) that their frends in the Parliament, Could not be wrowght to a full concurrence with them.

Sect. 66. Theise pretexts, were soe grosse, and obvious, that the Kings hopes deminished dayly. Where upon, those persons allready mentioned, procured an order in the twoe houses, that his Ma^tie. should reside at Richmond house; that he should be attended by the same persons, whoe were about him at Holmby; thirdly that Colonel Rossiters regiment should guarde him. All which Cromwell refused, and laughed at; decla­ring that the King should come no neerer to London, then the Parliament permitted the armies quarter to be. Where upon I al [...]aged, to those per­sons, that all their votes would signify nothing, unless means could be fownd out, where by their orders, might be seconded, by such force, as in some degree was able, to counterballance that of the army. To which end none Could be thowght on, saveing the Militia of London: which at that tyme, of trayned bands, and auxillianes amounted to at least fiveteen, or sixteen thowsand foote, and to have been browght together in six howers tyme; they were for much the greatest part Commanded by Presbiterean officers; which in divers battayles had done as good service, and fowght as well as those of the army.

Sect. 67. Whereupon the Earles of Manchester, Holland, Lauder­dalle (whoe thowgh not of the Parliament, but one of the Scots Com­missioners, had great credit in the city) my Lord willowghby of Parham, my Lord Hollis, S^r. Phillip Stapleton, S^r. William Waller, Major Ge­neral Mastey, Major General Browne, all which and divers more, whoe had great influence on the citty, judged it now the crittical season, to en­gage it, to petition the Parliament, for the continuance of their Militia, [Page 32] under the establishment it was; which Cromwell, and his adherents la­boured to have changed; but secondly to order that the King, should be left at his House at Richmond, in order to a personall treaty; thirdly that the citty should be autorised to rayse forces, for the Parliaments, and its owne defence, and have power to chuse their General Officers. Fourthly that aleaven members of the Parliament whoe had been (a little before) throwgh an impeachement of the army, sequestred from their cession, with their owne consent, should returne to their places in Parliament; this de­signe was Caried on (in the beginning) with as great secrecy, as such a transaction Could be, by the persons above mentioned, where in I slept not.

Sect. 68. I acquainted the King with it, whoe approuved the whole conduct: withall commanding me, soe to Gouverne my selfe, in my part there of; that he might not be necessitated to appear there in; first for his personall safety, as being in the power of the army: secondly that he might have been free, in Conscience, and honour, to agree with the army, in case that this designe should drive them to the necessity, of makeing good their severall protestations to him, which without being forced to it, he perceaved they would never doe.

Sect. 69. Besides he told me, most of those with whome you treat, play now their owne after game; they began theise trowbles, which have browght me to this estate, and haveing by their owne Improvidence, throwgh their rigid dealing, when they had the power to have agreed with me, lost the dignity, and authority of Parliament; would now recouver themselves by my hazard; wherefor, I shall goe as far along with them, as I finde consistent, with the publique; and my owne interest; chargeing you, not to engage my name further.

Sect. 70. I replyed, that to communicate what measures his Ma^tie. in­tended to take, would never be approuved by those leading men; and might break of, and Frustrate the whole dessein, upon which (one way or other) his personelle safety, and restauration entirely depended: therefor the best course, I coud steer, was not to let them know, that I had lately spoken to him about it; and that in case, they should press me to it, that they might have his engagement, to adhere to them, in their proceedings; I would employ all the adresse I could, to divert them from urging his Ma^tie. [Page 33] to any promesse against them, in whose hands, and power he was, and many of them (if not all) desperately disposed to his destruction, which would undoubtedly produce violent, and precipitate practises against him, if they came to the least knowledg, or even jalousie, that his Ma^tie. was in any kinde of colusion against them. He approuved of this expedient; ad­ding, that it was neither more, nor less then truth.

Sect. 71. Shortly after I was desired to mouve the King herein; where upon, I aleaged the above mentioned reasons against it, with such enlar­gements, as they were satisfied. In fin, the trayne tooke; the citty put in excecution all that had been secretly contrived: petitioning the Parliament, for the confirmation of their Militia, according to the Establishment where in it was.

Secondly that they might have power to rayse new forces, for the de­fence of the Parliament, and themselves.

Thirdly that they might be empowered to chuse their owne General offi­cers. Fourthly, that the King should come to London, in order to a per­sonall treaty; and that the aleaven secluded members, should returne to their cession in Parliament.

Sect. 72. Here upon all Cromwels party, in both houses resorted to the army. The rest which constituted more then the nomber requisite re­mayned assembled, voting all the citties demands. Whoe began to ray­se forces: chose theyr General officers, which were S^r. William Waller, Major General Massy, and others. Theise enrolled, both horse, and foote, which came howerly in to them.

Many officers, and soldiers; whoe had been reformed, at the instances of the army, as being of different principles from them, were againe employd. A proposition was made of seazing all the horses, within the lines of Communication, where withall, they Could have mounted 4 or 5000 troupers, which joyned to the citty Militia, with the new leavied foote; would have made a more considerable force, then that of the army; which they knew, and apprehended. Where upon, Cromwell conclu­ded, that the fox might on that occasion, doe more good, then the lion; employed all his artifices, even totum vlissem, to hinder all accord betwixt his Ma^tie. the Parliament, and citty; and the Kings party from joyning: prognosticating the entire ruine of all his vast designs, with the inevitable destruction of his person, and complices, from soe fatal, and ominous a [Page 34] conjoncture: which to prevent, he presented aleaven proposals to the King.

Sect. 73. First for the repealing of all the penal Statuts against recusants; with the takeing away of all coercive authority from the Bishops.

Secondly, the repealing of all acts, constrayning the use of the common prayer.

Thirdly against the enforcing of the Covenant. The next proposal, was compiled, in most ambiguous, and conditional termes; whereby (as I conceaved) the very quintessence of this cheat was manifest, as followes here.

Fourthly the things before mentioned being sufficiently assured; and provision made, for setling, and securing, the rights, liberties, safety, and peace of the nation: his Ma^ties. person, and Royal issue, may be resto­red, &c.

In this proposall, all man kinde may see, that there was nothing positi­ve, nor to have been certaynly depended on, for the Kings person, or posterity: the means, for satisfaction in these great matters, which com­pose the body of the proposal, being left indeffinite; must have been the subsequent, result, of a newe treaty, whereby a port remained open, to render the later clause of no manner of Effect; seeing they might continu­ally have declared, that no concessions which the King Could consent to, with the preservation of Monarchy, were judged by them sufficient, to have secured (in their sence) the rights, liberties, safety, and peace of the Nation.

The seaven following proposals, concerned entirely, the moderating of divers severities towards the Kings partie; which were wise and just in themselves; but most Achittophally politique, as to his end, which was only to bynde up the hands of the Royal party, at that conjoncture, and to hinder a coalition.

Sect. 74. To render all his offers to the King fruitless; he had this re­serve, which he had formerly made use of, on the like occasion; before his Ma^tie. escaped from Oxford: that thowgh he, and most of his officers, had thowght those proposals, a good fowndation for the Kings reesta­blishment, and for the nations safety; yet if the Parliament would not be led to the same opinion, he could not constraine them. That he, the offi­cers, and army, were but the nations, and Parliaments servants, not [Page 35] their masters. That they could only recommend their proposals, not en­force their acceptation.

Sect. 75. However, his Ma^tie. haveing perused theise proposals, de­bated them, and lent to favourable an ear, to his, and his son inlawes explanations, and deep protestations; did conceave very strong hopes, that they were in ernest, and really intended his restauration, upon which grounds (whereunto was joyned the councels, and pressing persuations, of three persons, permitted by the army at that tyme about him, and in great credit with him) as likewise, being in their hands, and power, might apprehend, that his safety required his compliance. At their desire, he signed a paper, utterly desavowing, and disapprouving, the proceedings of the Parliament, and citty; embracing the armies proposals, as the su­rest fowndation for a well grounded, and durable peace.

Cromwell haveing obtayned this, caused some thowsands of copies, to be imediately printed, and dispersed throwgh the cittie, and nation; which gave soe full a satisfaction, to allmost all the Kings frends; that they dissu­aded what cittizens, they could have influence upon, not to oppose the army.

Sect. 76. Haveing gained this great point, he marched furiously towards London, where the desordre, and consternation was soe great; by the paper his Ma^tie. had signed; by the endeavours of the Royal party; and of Cromwells owne, which were considerable in that place; as at his arrival, he fownd no opposition. S^r. William Waller fled into Hollande, S^r. Phillip Stapleton to calais, where he died in eight or ten days after; and many others retired to several other places: divers of both houses, as well as of the citty, were imprisoned. A great part of his army marched throwgh London, in triumph, he made one of his owne partie Leutenant of the Tower, modelled the Militia to his owne pleasure, and interest; left some Regiments about the Mewes, and Whitehall, to encourage his frends, and terrifye his enemies in Parliament.

Sect. 77. This thowgh (at that tyme) a bloodless victory, was in effect, one of the greatest, that ever he gained; makeing way to that unbownded power, which he after atchieved, and waded to, throwgh a sea of blood, in all the three nations; and which was most extraordinary, died in peace, and declared his successour.

[Page 36]Sect. 78. This haveing succeeded, according to what he had long desig­ned, yet hardly hoped for, but was resolved to hazard; he began to put of the masque, where withall he had hithirto desguised himselfe, as to what concerned the King; thowgh not as to other subsequent, and great pro­jections.

Sect. 79. He quartered part of his army, in the adjacent places neer London: Conveyed the King further from it; the councels of the officers, and agitators, were assembled at putney: t'was now thowght high tyme to breake with his Ma^tie. and for him, with his Mirmidons, to appear in their pure naturals.

Sect. 80. Subjects for desperate, and bloody debates, touching the King, were propownded in their meetings, by his, and his son in lawes instruments and secret instigations: thowgh it was yet unseasnable, that the scean of execution showld be exposed.

Sect. 81. He seemed much concerned for the danger he had plunged the King into, and would appear willing to quench a reall fyre, (which he had kindled, nourished, and now cheefly, administred fuel to) with an imaginary water.

Sect. 82. This danger of his Ma^tie. was communicated to him, both by his frends, and enemies; but with very different intentions. Cromwell would not appear the last, nor the least concerned for his security; which undoubtedly, and visibly was, to have it provided for, in the Isle of wight. To which end he wrote a letter to his Couzin, Commissary General Whaly; whoe had the guarde of his Ma^ties. person; signifying the desor­ders of the army, with the Kings danger; which being communicated to his Ma^tie. he recalled his word, which had been given, that he would not endeavour to escape: notwithstanding, whaly tooke not the least care to prevent it, which he undoubtedly would have done, had he not fore­knowne, what arrived very shortly after.

Peradventure being at that tyme a preacher, (as most of the officers then were) he was likewise a prophet; and Could divine, that his Ma^ties. esca­pe, would prove but a translation, from an ill imprisonment, to a worse. In short he left Hamton Court (I will not say saved himselfe from it) [Page 37] few knew what path he had taken (thowgh some I am confident did, besides those with him) till the newes came to the Parliament, of his being in the hands of Colonel Hamond in the Isle of wight.

It not being my business here, to enlarge to much, or to discant upon other mens alegations, for the excuse of Cromwells, and Iretons after proceedings, as extorted from them, throwgh danger, and necessity, for their owne preservation; some whereof being falce; others frivolous, and childish; I shall leave them as they are, without further reflexions; passing on cursorily, to some few matters of weight, leading to the fatall event of this most unhappy business.

The King being in the Isle of wight, and not finding his entertainment, answerable to his hopes; and that the personall security, oraculously promised him, was to be interpreted, in the sence of his enemies, tending directly, to his stricter, and surer confinement; and in the extremest danger which could threaten him; his escape was become much more diffi­cult, if not impossible; and being advertised from London (means ha­veing been sudainly fownd out for correspondence with him) of those things which most neerly concerned him: and particularly, that propo­sitions were preparing to be sent him. to obviate which, that he foresaw would be to his prejudice. He wrote a letter to the Parliament; confirning what he had offered them, in his Message from Holmby, some months be­fore, with other very considerable additions; of the Militias being in their hands during his life; together, with the chusing the councel, and Mi­nisters of State; as likewise the payment of the arrears of the army; and concerning other things; he ernestly pressed, that he might with honour, and safety, have come to a personall treaty at Londen.

Sect. 83. In answer where unto; the Parliament passed four bills to be sent to the King, provisionally, for his ratification; which being retur­ned as acts, his Ma^tie. should be admitted to a personall treaty. Theise bills were large; and needless to be recited here verbatim; the first regarded the Melitia, both by sea and land, to be entirely in their hands; and for the raising mony, for the maintainance there of, the last by inevitable con­sequence, must have contiued that Parliament to all perpetuity, by in­vesting them with full power, to prorogue, and meet againe at their plea­sure. By twoe of these acts, the King must have devested himselfe, and his posterity of the sword, and treasury, and established them in it. And by the last; given them such a power, as was little less then the legislative; which in a [Page 38] short tyme, they would undoubtedly have drawne to themselves. It is here, remarquable, that Cromwell, and ireton, whoe six or seaven months before, by an adresse from the army, had in a mennacing manner, demanded of the Parliament, to resolve upon, and declare a fixed period, to their cession; thereby to make roome for a trienniall to be assembled; in this occasion were the most violent in pressing theise four acts; before his Ma^tie. were admitted to any personall treaty. And when the King had passed all, at this tyme demanded; and came to a treaty, it was in their power, whither they would have agreed with him or not; from all which considerations, and divers others, which undoubtedly he had; he wa­ved the ratifying of any acts, untill all were agreed.

Sect. 84. Upon this refusall (which he foresaw from the very nature of the demands must ensue) Ireton after an invective speech, tending to the Kings rejection, and to the setling the Gouverment without him, moved, that it might be resolved to make no more adresses to him; the debate lasted long, and as Ireton began, Cromwell ended, with bitter reproches against his Ma^tie. and threatings of the Parliament, if they passed it not: at length, this resolution, was forced out, not without vigorous opposition, of neer the halfe in both houses.

Sect. 85. First, that no further adresses be made to the King.

Secondly that no application be made to the King, by any of his subjects, without permistion of Parliament, under the penalty of high treason.

The last vote, was relative to the first as before theise votes (all most as soone as he was in the Isle of wight) I had fownd out means of corres­pondence with him, and of giving his Ma^tie. constant advertisements, of all occurrencies, which concerned him, soe notwithstanding this dan­ger, of being punished as a traitour; I continued it even to the last: con­tinuing to write to him, and to receive letters from him, both for my selfe, and others; the greatest part, of his intelligence, both with english, and Scotch passing throwgh my hands, whilest I remayned in England, not without great hazard, (as may easily be conceaved,) which had it ever been discouvered, no humane means that I sawe, could have secured my head.

Sect. 86. Cromwell haveing (as I have already sayd, and demonstrated) from tyme, to tyme, opposed, and by his several artifices; prevented all treaties (as much as he possibly could) and agreements betwixt the [Page 39] King, and the Presbitereans; by degrees, wrowght the Earle of Essex, Bedford, and Manchester; the Generall Waller, Major General Massy, Major General Browne, and all those Military persons, out of all em­ployment, whome he judged capable, to bring any opstacle to his pro­jects; in some Kinde reduced the citty of London: and jugled the King prisoner into the Isle of wight, in the custody of Colonel Hammon, one of his creatures, he belived his game sure; which was the sole reason, why I ever declined, all treaty, or colusion, with those people, foreseeing clearly their ends, and as visibly their ways to them; even when the Ge­nerallity of the Kings party, assured themselves, that they would infallibly restore, both him, and them.

Sect. 87. My stedfastness, in the contrary opinion, and my endeavours, against that gross delusion; not prostituting my reason, to other mens phantasies, procured me many enemies, with very severe sensures; lea­ding divers to a jalousie, that I had rivited my selfe into that interest, rather for my owne private ends; then for his Ma^tie. service, or for the publique behoofe of the Nation; which most groundless, and unreasnable cre­dulity, together, with the animosities, and calomnies which arose the­refrom, had prepared the way, and facilitated my after mine, all thowgh I solemnly, and syncerely protest; that I alone declined the one party, as being unchangeably convinced, that they designed his Ma^ties. destruction; nor applyed my selfe to the other, then by his commands, and (as things were in those tymes) that I Could perceave no other means for his preser­vation.

Sect. 88. Upon advertisements, I gave the King (which I know he had from other hands (of the foregoeing votes, as likewise of what Crom­well, and Ierton, had sayd against him, he sawe to late, howe perfidiously they had jugled with him, which first disposed him to treat with the Scotch, and with as many of the Presbitereans in England, as safely Could, and would be treated with: which evidently refutes that rediculous assertion of some, whoe pretend to be the Kings frends; that Cromwell, and Ireton, broke with his Ma^tie. because he treated with the Scots; makeing the effect, the cause; it being notorious to all, whoe had any transactions in (and knowledg of) the affaires at those seperate tymes; that the King (after the ar­mies proposalls) had no treaty with the Scots, or any els, till the votes of non adresses; and unanimous protestation of the army, to live and dye [Page 40] with the Parliament, in the persuance of those votes; and for the setle­ment of the Gouverment, without his Ma^tie. and a little after; the like was done, by the Parliament, to live and dye with the army, for the same ends: and which was the wonder, of wonders; the house of Lords Passed this resolution first; with great zeal; and sent it downe to the Commons for their concurrence; whoe for some tyme opposed it vigorously; till threatnings and fear, caused many members to absent themselves; soe that it was carryed in the affirmative, by five or six vooices. Thus the com­mons contended to preserve the Peerage; for the abolishing of which, the Peers themselves layd this fowndation; which ensued in about a year after.

Sect. 89. Theise proceedings haveing been visible; and, his Ma^tie. no other recource for the gaining of his liberty, with the preservation of his crowne, and life; came to a conclusion with the Scotch Commissioners, whoe were permitted by the Parliament to, repaire to the King, about the Gouverment of their owne nation.

Sect. 90. The agreement with them, gave such satisfaction; that they engaged themselves to enter into England with an army, as speedily, as well could be; and in order to conjonction with them, severall treaties were secretly mannaged, with the principall persons of the Presbiterean party. In a Parliamentary way; nothing Could be done with them, nor by them; because of the awe of the army; and the incertainty of many amongst themselves; whoe in divers debates, voted with the contrary party. Besides, that the very late resolutions, and protestations of both houses; rendred all propositions of that Kinde, vaine, and exceeding dangerous: in soe much, that there remained no other way, but to treat with them a part, and with the greatest Privacy. The result was; that they should declare at the same tyme with the Scotch, the Kings party being to joine with them. Upon the Scotch commissioners leaving the Isle of wight; his Ma^tie. was more severely guarded then ever. Not with standing, I had con­stant correspondence with him: all (or much the greatest part of) his in­telligencies, either with the Kingdome of Scotland, or England, passed my hands; not without great difficulty, danger, and expence. When all these transactions were concluded; the King sent me the following letter of credit, to be communicated, to as many of the Gentilemen of the Easterne assotiation, as I should thinke fit; with the advice of those, with whome I had before treated. The Duke of Lauderdalle did me the honour [Page 41] to deliver it me, at his returne from Cairsbrook Castel; and to let me know what was concluded, betwixt his Ma^tie. and the sotch Commis­sioners.

Sect. 93. Upon the receipt of this letter, I caused the inclosed for his Royale Highness, the Duke of Yorke to be delivered him by a sure hand, [Page 42] whoe had that accesse to him which I could not have: and unless my memo­ry failes me, (as I am persuaded it does not) he had been pleased, not long before, by Message; to let me knowe, that he had promised the King his father, whilest he was in the hands of the army; to make his escape out of England, as soone as he Could attempt it, on any reasnable appearance of success; demanding if Could not serve him in it; which I am confident I had undertaken; in which resolution I was fully confirmed, by theise his Ma^ties. commands; and not knowing whither by this occasion he had mentioned the business to the Duke or not; with his owne letter, I sent his Royalle Highness mine; which was transmitted againe to me; and upon his resolution, and answer; I framed mine to his Father. The Duke was pleased to commande me, not to precipitate the business; but to take necessary tyme; and use all circomspection, not to plunge him into a worse condition then he was; Haveing duly considered what measures were fittest for me to take herein; and given the King an account there of: his Ma^tie. was pleased to write me the following letter.

Sect. 95. For some Important reasons, which I acquainted his Ma^tie. with, I delayed this business untill the end of Aprill following; at which tyme, it succeeded happily; to the great contentment of the King, and of the Royalle famely: his Highness arrived first in Zealand; and the next day in Holland.

[Page 43]Sect. 96. About six weekes after, the Parliaments whole fleet, quitted their unlawfull masters, came to anker in Gorée Rode; delivering them­selves up to the Duke of York as their Admirall; which they knew he was by the King his fathers patent; and was really the occasion of their coming thither; and submitting to him.

Sect. 97. The winde which was favourable to bring them into Holland; prouved a storme to me, which occasioned my wrack ever since; haveing unhappily given some councell concerning that fleet (it seemes) with to much precipitation; which was well meant; very ill taken, because most bitterly represented, by a person of quality, and (to doe him but Justice) of merit; betwixt whome, and me, there was at that time some com­petition, about particular matters; who according to the ordinary practi­ce in such cases; to ruine my credit, and increase his owne; held it expe­dient, to couver his private animosity, under the specious vaile of Zeal to a more publique interest. I shall againe declare, what I have ever protested; that I had no other end, or designe; then either freeing the King out of his Imprisonment in the Isle of wight; or (if it were fownd Impossible, which I did not then belive (nor doe now) that is was) to have landed 1500. or 2000. men at yarmouth, to have countenanced a rising in northfolke, suffolke, and the other adjacent Provinces of the easterne assotiation: the probabillity of the one, or of the other, I shall here expose to any reasna­ble consideration.

Sect. 98. First touching the Kings freedome; I had been assured out of England, of a landing place in the Island; which I looked upon, as the greatest difficulty.

Sect. 99. Secondly, that we Could have landed with 2000 Men; ha­veing raised at that very tyme in Holland about 1200 English Soldiers, of the reduction, which the States had then made of the troupes of our nation, and might well have added to them upon such an occasion; 1000 sea men chosen out of the Fleet; besides that great assurances were given, that the inhabitants, would have risen, with us, if we could have furnished them with armes, which was to have been done.

Sect. 100. Thirdly, I could never conceave (in case of a free descent [Page 44] on land) any great, or long opposition wee Could have met with by sea, not the least; the Parliament, not haveing had one ship of war fitted out, in ten weekes, or three months after. By land, as little; except what Co­lonel Hamond Could have made, with not above 5 or 600 foote, which was all he had; nor Could have hoped for more. Cromwell with the greater part of the army was marched against the Scots; Fairefax engaged before Colchester; and some considerable parties, of the army, diverted into walles, by risings there for the King at the same tyme. Moreover, if they Could have sent an army entire to portsmouth; or any other part upon that coast; to have been transported into the Island; not a barque, or bote Could have passed, without either being sunke, or taken. Besides there were many of the bravest, and best officers, whoe had served his Ma^tie. whoe were Embarqued in the fleet: as Prince Mauris, S^r. John Boyce, Co­lonel Washington, S^r. Francis Mackworth, and very Many more; whoe wee fownd retired into Holland at our arivall, and some followd; nor is it to be Imagined, that in soe glorious an enterprise; but that the greatest contestation would have been, whoe should have been readiest to have sa­crifised themselves. For my part I never could apprehend any other diffi­culty in this attempt, then to have landed; which we had great, and likely assurances of; and in all events, our retreat was sure, and the fleet at liberty for any other designe, in case that could not have been effected.

Sect. 101. Which was, to have landed at yarmouth; where we were sure of a free reception: and did persuade my selfe, that a body of 2000 Soldiers would have had the reputation of double the nomber; and have encouraged the whole county of northfolke to have risen: which had been very well prepared by my transactions before my leaving of England; with S^r. John Hobart, and divers more of the Gentry of that shire, by the Kings commands and credentials.

Sect. 102. Theise were ye only ends I had in that transaction, which was then ye first step to my utter ruine: if there were any little irregularity as to some formalities, in the way leading there unto; the most it Could have amounted to, was an errour committed throwgh to much precipitation, & ernestness, which (I hoped) could not have been considered as a crime.

To have given advertisement to the Queen, and Prince; fourteen days tyme (at least) must have been lost; which might have rendered the whole dessein, either Impossible, or much more difficult, and hazardous. More [Page 45] over, if it should have been refused (as peradventure it might) to have gone forewarde with any enterprise, howe necessary, how profitable, or how glorious soever, would have been considered as desobedience, and have fallen under the interpretation of contempt.

Moreover, I considered, that the first, and chiefe duty which then lay upon me, was to contribute all I could towards the conservation; and liberty of the King; being likewise pressed by a second, which I concluded, weighed not much less, both of dependence, and obligation; from all which reasons joyned to the Importance of the designe, which Could not admit delay, I thowght the wisest course was to put it Imediately in practise, and after, to have excused the omission of some circomstances, by the weight and pressure of the affaire. Besides, I considered, that if the suc­cess followed, which was reasnable to hope for; a small errour would have needed no great appologie: and if it did not; I was resolved to bear the blame; w^ch. I have abondantly done, thowgh I did not foresee, it would have fallen soe heavy on me, nor have dured to perpetuity.

In the midst of theise transactions, his late Ma^tie. arrived at Helvot sluce; to whome a very bitter representation was made, of my proceedings; notwithstanding, twoe days after, his Majesty was gratiously pleased, to vouchafe mee a free, and particular audience, to hear indifferently what I could say; either for my Justification, or excuse, w^ch. was much to the purpose, I have here aleaged. Haveing patiently heard me; his answer was, very neer in the following words, or at least, exactly to the same sence. Colonel Bamfield, I am unwilling to belive all I have been infor­med, concerning your late proceedings, about this fleet; for if I did, I should trust you no longer; wherefor I am willing to credit what you say, as to the ends you had; but even according to your owne acknowledgment, you cannot deny, but that you have (in the way to them) very much fay­led in your duty, and respect to me; but being contented to hope, that it has been throwgh haste, and inconsideration, without malice; I par­done this fault freely, and charge you not to be discontented; for if I shall ever perceave that you are, I shall be more displeased with you, then I am, for what you have now done.

I confess nothing could have been, more generous, nor more gratious; and I resented it accordingly; with that humility, and thanckfullness, w^ch. I was obliged to doe.

About the same tyme, the Scots with an army, of 20000. Men, mar­ched into England, answerable to the accord, that their commissioners, [Page 46] not long before, had made with the late King, of ever happy Memory: his faithfull subjects in England, began to rise in severall parts of the nati­on; as had before been agreed upon; it began in Kent, some thing unse­asnably, and throwgh ye little (or rather no) experience of those whoe commanded, was more easily, and more speedyly dissipated, then was expected; had they understoode theyr undertaking; to have left their owne province, and marched to Arundel, in sussex; ye neer adjoyning coun­ty; w^ch. was prepared to have risen with them, before I left England: ha­veing possessed themselves of that fast place, defended on the one syde by a navigable niver; on another, by a strong castle, situated on all most an in accessible elevation; on a third by a deep lake; neer musquet Shot over; and by cutting a narrow dam betwixt it, and the river; the water Could have fallen into it if needfull; on ye fourth, by a wall, and ditch, thowgh without flanque, which in twenty four howers Could have been cast up, after the manner of a good intrenchment: about 200 paces further advan­ced; was an old rampart of Earth, sufficiently high, which reached from the elivation of grownd, where on ye Castel stands, to the side of the la­ke, which was a singular help, to a most advantagious retrenchment; which in eight and forty howers, by many hands, Could have been ren­dered of Admirable defence; by the direction of any, whoe understood the advantages of ground, for an encampment; and that had any indiffe­rent, generall knowledg of fortification; which most officers, of any con­sideration, either understand reasnably, or owght to doe: besides, if it came to be forced; all the ground within it, was commanded, both by the Castel, and towne; and this part was the weakest of the foure; I men­tion this only, as one of the strongest, and most Important posts in Eng­land, or any where els that I have seen, for the defensible encampment of any reasnable body of an army; which that rising in Kent, then amounted to; and would have been double the nomber had they marched to Arrundel, by the addition of force, they would have had, out of sussex, and Ham­shire; both which Provinces, were for divers months before prepared to rise, with the first reasnable occasion; and posting themselves fastly for defence, I much question whither the army of Fairfax (which consisted nor at that tyme of 7000 foote) would have attempted them as they might have layne: at least, would have fownd a long worke to have reduced them; and given tyme, and aportunity to the rest of the nation to have risen; and formed themselves, into some considerable, and solid bodies. And as this had been, the most councellable, and alltogether Practicable, in that [Page 47] part, and occasion; soe had it been much more needfull, and profitable to the whole undertakeing, and common interest of the King, and his faithfull prople; had the Scots army taken the same measures, when they were advertised that Cromwell advanced towards them; and haveing en­camped themselves advantagiously, with a sufficient intrenchment, as they had places in abondance, where they marched to have done, allmost Impregnably; and by that means have kept themselves from the necessity of fighting, unless upon such certayne advantages, as must probably have produced the ruine of their enemy.

As it was Cromwells interest, and resolution, to fight them as soone as possibly he Could; soe was it no less theirs to temporise, by a defensive war. After them; divers of ye nobility, and cheif Gentry, in Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmerland, and Yorkshire, were in a combination together; and raysing of forces with all diligen­ce; in soe much, that had the Scots but avoyded fighting, for the space of one month; which with great ease they might have done, by the advantagious posts, whereof in divers places throwgh which they had marched, they Could have had their choise: by a good entrenchment (which at other tymes, was observed, they sufficiently understoode) the forces of the four Provinces I have named, would have in that tyme, com­posed a solid body of an army, more considerable for Nomber, and in all other regards, then that of the Scots amounted to. Besides those of the easterne assotiation, were fully, and unanimously resolved to rife: Cornwell; Devon, Somerset, and Dorset, the like; and wanted only a month or six weeks tyme: in sine, the whole nation was prepared as to the same end; and were in the way towards it; when the strange, and allmost wonderfull defeat of the Scots army; by Cromwells, not consisting of halfe their nomber; broake all other measures, which had been taken upon that fowndation, by concert some months before.

As they had neglected what I have allready mentioned, touching en­campment; soe when they came to fight (as if there had been a fatallity, both in the conduct; and success, they neither made use of the great advan­tages of their nomber, their army haveing been soe ranged, that the gre­atest halfe of their troupes never came to fight; nor profited themselves, of that benefit of the choyse of grownd, and other commodities, which a defensive army may have, against an enemy whoe attacques it; which owght allways to be held in cheife consideration, by all experienced; and Provident soldiers.

[Page 48]But to cease from all further reflexions; that army was unfortunately bea­ten, and soe totally dissipated, that it was not believed that 5000. of them, ever returned to Scotland: this miscarriage and misforture, stifled divers great designes abortively, upon the point of their production; and cut of others, which were begun, before they Could come to any maturity.

Haveing been at that tyme, privy to all the designes, and measures, for­med and taken, in that conjoncture, and in those transactions; as likewi­se actively industrious, in the contriving, and advancing of moste of them; which (according to humane Judgment) I was fully persuaded, could not have fayld of the end, where unto they were directed; of the Kings liber­ty, and happy restauration, both for himselfe, his porsterity, and sub­jects.

His late Ma^tie. was out of the hands of his enemies; the King now raigning escaped out of England; the Parliaments whole fleet leaving them, returned to their obedience to their Souveraigne; the Scots entered into ye heart of England, with the formed body of an army of twenty thow­sand men; risings in severall places; an universall, and well formed reso­lution, throwgh the whole nation, to doe the same; and upon the very point of being put in execution; one great (and indeed unreasnable) er­rour; and twoe, or three others, not much less (which to avoyd tedi­ousness, as well as for other reasons I mention not) ruined all; and shortly after, the whole fabrique of Gouverment; causing such a violent, and Generall Conflagration, as I fear even to this day, has never been totally extinguished; but as fyer hid in the cavernes of the earth, is often subject to make very dangerous irruptions.

The Scotch army totally defeated; Cromwell Marched towards Scot­land; all other parties in England, which had declared for his Ma^tie. were easily dissipated, and all places sudainly reduced; the humane cause, of this extraordnary, and most un apprehended ruine of the Scots forces, was attributed, to the secret correspondence, which was more then belie­ved, to have been, betwixt some of the dissenting clergy (which were much the greatest nomber) with other of the nobillity, whoe had opposed most violently, that expedition into England; and Cromwell. As like­wise to the great influence they had upon a considerable part of that army; which was knowne to some; and had very convincing appearences to all: both from their extraordinary conduct, in suffering themselves to be constrained to fight against their wills, and contrary to the common interest, of the Cause they had in hand; and when they engaged; soe Improvidently to [Page 49] have ordered the business; as not to have browght halfe their army to fight: as likewise from the transactions, and accord, betwixt Cromwell, and that partie of the Scotch, when he came upon their borders.

The whole face of things, being thus unexpectedly changed, the more severe part of the Presbitereans, whoe had not long before concurred, with the armies partie in both houses, to the vote, of non adresses to the King, apprehending (when it was to late) the danger of the totall subver­sion, of the antient Gouverment, of the three Nations; by theise allmost prodigeous successes of the army, changed their mindes; forsooke the army party; and joyning themselves, to the moderate Presbitereans (whoe in truth, and reallity, were strong Protestants, but no Presbitereans) were by much; the more numerous in both houses; nullified the former resolution of non adresses to the King; and agreed to a speedy treaty with him; hopeing to have concluded it before Cromwells army, Could March southward, and joyne with Fairefax; soe to have browght his Ma^tie. with freedome, Honour, and safety to London: to have voted all the Gene­rall officers commissions voyde; to have employd others in their charges; and at the same tyme, to have raysed a niew army in, and about London: by which means, it was hoped, all parties would have agreed together, whoe were frends to the antient Gouverment; and to the lawes of the Na­tion; which were undoubtedly, nine parts of ten, in all three Kingdo­mes.

A day was prefixed, for the beginning of the treaty, forty days limited for its continuation; thowgh that it was belived, it would have been con­cluded, in ten; throwgh the necessity of the interests on both sides. Which had it been, I am confident the King had been happily restored, and a multitude of Calamities prevented; which ensued at (and since) his death; and (as may be feared) are not yet soe entirely ended, as wise, and honest men may wish. Artickles were drawne up, and Commissioners sent away with them to the Isle of wight. About which tyme, M^r. William Moray then of the bedchambre to his Royale Highness, whoe was permitted to be about the King, during the treaty; wrote me word, that his Ma^tie. had commanded him, to let me know, that if I Could come into England, either by permission of the Parliament (where the Presbitereans had at that tyme the power) or secretly; my negotiations, at that conjoncture with those whoe had formerly had communication with me, about his affaires; and my advertisements to him, might be of great use.

As soone as I had received the letter, without much ballancing, concer­ning [Page 50] the danger which I exposed my selfe to; I repayred to flushing, hired a fisher boate of expressly, haveing desguised my selfe, as much as I could, arriving in twoe days at London, where I remayned secretly during the treaty. Very shortly after, haveing spoaken with M^r. Moray, whoe the King sent expressly to me, with a letter, and with his Commands; I fownd means to speak with Generall Waller (whoe was returned from the Hague, whither he was constrained to fly, some months before, and sate now againe in Parliament) and by his means, and ordnarily at his house, with divers others of both houses. The great, and severe demands about church Gouverment, which really, and sencibly, touched his Ma^ties. conscience, in regard of his othe, and of other considerations, the first forty days to which the treaty was limited were expired, without coming to a conclusion; in which tyme I had written very often to the King, and received letters from him; in all I writ, I humbly, and yet freely (as the matter required) represented to him, the dangerous, and allmost despe­rate condition of his affaires, by the protraction of tyme; and dit not faile on the other side; to lay before those persons, of both houses, with who­me I had dayly Communication; as demonstrably, and as forcibly, as my reason Could reach to; the horrible confusion, which would inevita­bly arrive, both in religion; and the Politique Gouverment, to the utter ruine of the nation; the consequencies where of, their posterity might feel, and bewaille, in case the accord were not concluded tyme enough, to make some reasnable, and solid Provision; against the desperate desig­nes of Cromwell, and his army (which was on its march furiously towards London) before it Could arrive there; desiring them to consider; that they would finde empty Imaginations, supported only by the votes of both houses; to weak to encounter the reall dangers, which threatned them, and the Nation; by the audatious violence of those, whoe had allready gone soe far towards their pernitious projects, that they Could never thinke themselves secure, but by goeing boldly on to ye bloody accomplishment of it: which was clearly, and dayly perceaved, by the comportment of Cromwells party in both houses.

I wrote an ample letter, as sencibly, and convincingly as I could to the same effect, to the late Lord Hollis, which to my knowledg, haveing effaced my name (whither for his owne, or my consideration I know not) he read to others of the commissioners; and fownd means to let the King see it: thowgh at the same tyme, I wrote fully to his Ma^tie. particularly, and plainly: it being then no season to lessen, or render objects more agre­able, [Page 51] then they were in themselves. I represented, that Cromwells army advanced with all possible diligence, I acquainted him with the practices of his party, both in the Parliament, the citty of London, and in severall other parts of the Nation where they had influence: humbly beseeching him to conclude the treaty, before the army Could approache, to hinder the effects of it: that the Parliament might have had tyme, to have declared all the Generall officers commissions voyde; and some others, whoe were most desperately active: to make niew Generalls, and to raise an army in the citty of London, and in the neerest adjacent Provinces: and to bring his Ma^tie. with honour, and freedome to London: and since it was feared; that he whoe commanded the Guards about the King, would not have obeyd; as to what concerned his person; in such an unhappy event, I added some particulars; which I thowght moste conducible, not only to the prevention of the greatest, and neerest danger to which his Ma^ties. per­son lay exposed; but in the worst which could fall out, to the preservation of Monarchy, in the persons of his posterity, in their just degrees, accor­ding to the due course of law, in that case provided, and not otherwise: it is most true, that upon a weighty matter, I had a most just, and necessary occasion, to mention nominally twoe of his children to him (as I had done when I judged it requisite very often before) adding for the conclusion of that paragraffe, which contained my humble opinion (for it was no more) theise following words: that it would undoubtedly be a great security to his affaires, and of no less encouragement to his frends; when his children were at the head of those whoe should appear for him; where withall I en­ded my letter, which was the last that ever I had the honour to write to him. Had it been then printed, would have fully convinced all men whoe might have read it, of my Loyallty, and Zeal, to the King; and for the preservation of his person; and no less of my fidelity, and affection to the service of his lawfull successours in theire just degrees; as God, Nature, and the lawes of the Land had ordayned; without ever mentioning, or soe much as thinking upon, that villainous, and most foolish hysteron, pro­teron which I was secretly accused of (not long after the Kings death) by one single person alone, to have inserted in that letter. Had it been soe; it neither was, nor is comprehensible, howe he Could have knowne it; I never trusted him enough; to let him have seen any letter I either wrote, or received: nordid I ever know, any person of what quality soever, more exactly circomspect, in Keeping of his correspondencies secret; and the letters of those whoe wrote to him, then his late Ma^tie. was: nor Could he [Page 52] have had any end, which might have counterballanced, the inconvenien­cies that were reasnable to apprehend for his service; by communicating that letter to him; or indeed to any els; unless it had been for their Coun­cel (which this person in the judgment of all whoe knew him, was no ways capable of, nor proper for) in which regard his Ma^tie. would rather have communicated it to some other persons, of the greatest capacity in the nation; and of the greatest credit with him; and were at that tyme permitted about him; then to a yongue Man, of no Importance; and whoe had never served him: the truth is; had I wrote, what I was ac­cused to have done; it had been in the highest degree, factious, and seditious; as well, as the most foolish project, and proposition, which Could have entered into the thowghts of any man, not actually in a frenzy; and fitter for bedlam, then for any reasnable society: nor Could I ever obser­ve, that my greatest enemies; were at any tyme inclined to place me in that cattegory. In fin my letter was never produced; nor seen by any man, that I Could hear of; but by my accuser; nor by him neither, in that sence he reported it. I well know to what an extent words written, as well as spoken, may be wrested; if there can in them, be any possibility of a double sence, the change of a point, of a comma, or of the least accent, may vary a whole sentence, or periode; as may be confirmed by a multitude of examples, both in history, and frequent moderne practice: but in what I wrote, there was nothing but simple and categorique naratives, of matters of fact; pregnant, and visible dangers; and humble representations, touching the best, and likeliest means, to obviate, and prevent them: where of his Ma^tie. himselfe, was the most competent judge, whither they were reasna­ble, honest, and appliquable to the condition he then was; to have been made use of, or rejected; according to his owne prudence, and pleasure. I shall here conclude this; where upon I have the longer insisted, as being the fowndation of my utter ruine: the source, of my great sufferings, during six, or seaven years; and those calamities, and necessities where­into I was plonged, at that tyme, the causes of my offending his Ma^tie. to that degree he ever remained.

It is beyond the limits I propownd to my selfe, to enlarge to a particular relation, of the artickles presented to the King, of the debates, and dis­putes there upon, during the treaty, which has been allready the worke of other pens more proper for it then mine, I shall only say, that had his Ma^tie. and the Parliaments Commissioners, come to the same conclusion, [Page 53] they at last did, fut twenty days sooner (which they might have done, for to the best of my remembrance, there were twice fourteen dayes added to the first forty, which was spun out to the last three or four) the King in my opinion, had not come to a violent death; the Nation, and the pro­testante Religeon, had been free from the infamy there of; and secured, against the cruel confusions, which Imediately followed the effusion of that blood; all thowgh his Ma^tie. and the Parliament were fully agreed; and his concessions voted entirely satisfactory; and a sufficient fowndati­on, for a happy peace, and firme establishment in all his Dominions; yet by the violence of the army, which over whelmed all; very much the gre­atest part of the Parliament were secluded; and allways kept out; till Ime­diately before the Present Kings restauration; divers of the members em­prisoned, and others constrayned to save themselves beyond sea.

In this deplorable condition of things, his Ma^tie. a little before he was remouved from Niewport by the army to Hurst Castel, apparently calling to minde what I had severall tymes represented to him, was gratiously pleased to send me by Mr. William Moray, the ensuing letter.

Imediately after his Ma^ties death; I was suspended from the Honour of wayting where I had done; and my coming to the court prohibited; which caused me to continue secretly, and desguised in England, in several pla­ces, not knowing well (in the disgrace I then was plonged) how to subsist els where; besides that I hoped there, to finde some favourable oc­casion, of serving the King; where by to remouve his displeasure, thowgh it prouved not soe easy a matter, as some to Consolate me, flattered me with the beliefe of.

[Page 54]I remayned in that condition about a year, some tymes in one place, and some tymes in another; till at length, I was betrayd by one whoe had ser­ved me long, whome I had bred up from a boy, and much obliged. I was taken, and Imprisoned, and had certainly lost my head; unless by the ex­traordnary Providence of God, I had fownd the means of saveing my selfe throwgh a window of the Prison; which (all circonstances considered) was little less then Miraculous: the sea ports were soe layd for me, that I was constrained to remaine secretly in the citty of London, in faithfull frends houses during the space of three weeks, when at last, I was convey'd over into Holland, by S^r. Roger de Lyvedy Capitaine of a Man of war be­longing to Rotterdam, whose brother was since vice Admirall of the Meu­se; twoe or three years after, his ship was seized upon at Hull, he put in Prison, where I have heard he dyed.

I had no sooner set foote on land, but I was forced into another misfor­tune, which was unavoydable, that constrained me for some tyme, to ta­ke my refuge at vienna neer utrect; which added to his Ma^ties. indignation; but it pleased God, that the occasion in few weekes was taken away; whe­re upon I repayred to Breda, where the King was in treaty with the Scots Commissioners; his Ma^tie. would not permit me to appear in his Presence, nor at his court; he agreed with them, went into Scotland; it was not alowed me to wayte on him thither, thowgh I made use of the intercession of some great persons, in no less credit with him, to obtayne that Grace.

Shortly after I followed, in company with the with the Earle of Disert, where being arrived Duke William Hamilton, whoe was killed at woster, the late Duke of Lauderdalle, with most of the Nobility of Scotland, whoe were then about his person, employ'd theire mediation, as ernestly, as duty, and descretion would admit, to bring me into grace, but Could not obtayne any thing; which constrained me to returne againe into Hol­land.

In this State I continued about five years, endeavouring to doe all the services I Could: frequently, agitated, betwixt hope, and despaire; till at length I had the happiness to performe such a service as that some very great persons, both in quality, and credit, Improuved it all they Could, to restore me to his Ma^ties. favour; whoe prevayled soe far, as that he was pleased, to admit me into his Presence, and to kiss his hand; as allsoe to receive the account I had to give him, of some matters which regarded his service; and to deliver his opinion freely enough, concerning persons, and things, relative there unto.

[Page 55]Which gave occasion for me, and such as wished a period to my misfortunes, to hope that by degrees, I might have recouvered his Ma^tie. favour; which I belive I had not come short of; unless unfortunately I had offended, a person of quality, and at that tyme in the greatest Credit and trust about him, whoe before my disgrace, had been one of my best frends, and very highly obliged me in many occasions; and after my mis­fortune, had carried himselfe indifferently, without doeing me either good, or harme; untill at that conjoncture, he began againe to favour me; (giveing) me his promesse to doe me what good offices he Could; but being diametrally opposite in his Jugdment, Councells, and Proceedings; to my humble opinions, touching the likeliest means, leading towards the Kings restauration; I unhappily used to much freedom in my argu­mentations with himselfe; and excessively more, in my discources with others, concerning him: in a letter I had written to the Earle of Difert, then at Antwerp; which was intercepted (to avow the truth) I had made some bitter reflexions upon his conduct; thowgh without (nameing) him; but being examined before his Ma^tie. and his Councel, whither I had written that letter or not; thowgh only a copy was produced; and but three or four lines read (at first) to me; I owned it. The reading ended, I was asked whoe I meant, by the person not named, on whome I had made divers reflexions; I waved the declaring thereof, by all the evasi­ons that my invention Could furnish me with; foreseeing into what a la­berinthe of niewe trowbles I should winde my selfe; if I entered into the list with him: I knew it would be in all kindes, impar congressus A chilli: at length, the King himselfe commanded me to declare whoe I meant: which without the highest contumacy, I was obliged to doe: thus finding my selfe in volontarily engaged; I undertooke the Justifying of all the par­ticulars of my letter; which I endeavoured with much more ardor, then was sutable to the condition where in I at that tyme was; whereby I offen­ded his Ma^tie. in the highest degree; and was blamed even by those present, whoe wished me well.

This niew wound prouved incurable; leading the King to a resolution of remouving me entirely out of his service, whereof, I wanted not infor­mation: which made me seek an oportunity to have audience by him: which at length I obtayned.

I began to speak about things, which concerned his service in Scotland; haveing heard me; and demanded some questions, which naturally arose from what I had represented; I Could perceave by his answer in the con­clusion; [Page 56] that he had no minde to have that string further touched upon: in soe much that I passed from it; to my owne particular concernments: after haveing layd before him, the unhappiness of my condition, throwgh the long continuance of his displeasure; I humbly besowght him to graunt me any one of three things; he was pleased to reject all; thowgh they were easy; of small Importance, and without the possibility (as I conceaved) of any harmfull consequence: where upon, I threw my selfe on my knie, humbly beseeching him not to cast me entirely of; that I had served his Royall father; his Ma^tie. himselfe, and the Crowne; faithfully from my youth: that I had the same affection to his Person, and fidelity to his ser­vice, which I had ever professed; and in many occasions, signally demon­strated: that nothing Could deminish my Zeal, but unresistable necessity.

His Ma^tie. answered, he Could not belive, that those would serve him faithfully, whoe he did not thinke well affected to him: that I had ways of my owne, and followed my owne councells in his business, which he would not suffer; I replyed, that if I had done soe; it had been when I was at such a distance from him, that I Could not receive his orders, and that what I did, I thowght best for his service; but that in the future, I would never doe any thing relating to publique affaires, without his Ma­jesties positive commands: he replyed, I cannot graunt any of the things you desire; one of them at this tyme, is not in my power; not being in a condition to helpe those I would: the other twoe, I doe not thinke for my service; nor have I any further employment for you. The to sencible anxiety, wherein I was; finding my selfe irreparably ruined; utterly de­prived of all means to subsist, and hopeless for the future: soe trowbled my reason, that I broke out of those bowndes of duty, and profownd respect; which in all conditions, I owght as a subject; much more as a meniall ser­vant, to have confined my selfe to; and sayd, it is Impossible for me to live thus any longer; if your Ma^tie. will absolutely abandon me, I can have no other refuge, then to endeavour to returne into England; and seek my bread amongst your enemies, whoe I have hitherto opposed, with all the vigour, and industry, I Could: where upon he rose from the chear where he gave me audience, and told me; I have no more to say to you, nor will ever have more to doe with you; and soe retired out of the cham­ber.

Some persons of the greatest Calibre, by whose means I had obtayned that audience, whoe were present at a little distance, and had heard all that was sayd, reproched me with indignation, for my last words; calling them [Page 57] rash, undutifull, and insolent; and that none of my frends (afterwards) Could speak more in my favour; with many other such like expressions; and indeed, I fownd them ever after much more Cold then formerly: I procured an audience againe from one of them; not without some difficul­ty; which was likewise, the last, I ever had; where representing the hard­ness of my condition, and mentioning (as modestly as I Could dress my complaints up) my past services for divers years, which were very well knowne to the person to whome I spake; one whoe was by, made answer in some kinde of heat; all your past services, are lost in the ill success of the Kings business: Other expressions, as sharpe as that, were added; which I then thowght (as I now doe) were spoken, to drive mee off from the ho­pes of subsistance, from those to whome I had adressed my selfe; fearing (peradventure) that my ayme was to pin my selfe on them, whoe at that con­joncture, were in no very oppulent condition. I sowght, and (in private for all were cautious of me, seeing the Kings great, and declared displea­sure) obtained an audience, from another, where I had placed my last hope, and refuge: he heard me attentively, but sayd little: only in the conclusion, he told me he was very sorry for me, but saw not how he Could help me: to appear in my behalfe would make my condition rather worse, then better; as he sayd I might my selfe easily conceave; and Could in some kinde prove disadvantagious to himselfe; upon which termes I re­tired, never haveing spoken to him since; nor is it likely, that I ever shall.

Thus finding my disease (under which I had long languished) become in­curable; and that all those, whoe had either kindeness, or compassion for me; began to apprehend my sickness as contagious: as is done in the pest (with a Lord have mercy upon me) had abandonned me: as perishing men in a shipwrack, save themselves as they can; soe I returned into Eng­land, haveing no other refuge in nature: which I did openly, and avowed­ly, as I had before declared I should be constrained to doe.

During the intervall betwixt that tyme, and his Ma^ties. restauration, I did many things, which gave him Just reason to continue, and to augment his indignation, if that were possible.

The King was out of his dominions, another authority established; whe­re unto the three nations either volontarily, or by constrainte had submit­ted. Being thus Throwne out of his service, and out of all trust, and Em­ployment; I abandonned my selfe to those councels, which an insuppor­table necessity sugested to me, that according to the Judgment of the su­preme legislator, renders divers other lawes dispensable.

[Page 58]I stayd not long in England; had no conversation with any of the Kings frends; which I avoyded more then many of them did me. I was seldome there; but haveing concluded a very advantagious capitulation, with Mon­sieur de Tillier, at present Chancellour of France; for the raysing of a Regiment of 2500 English, and Scots, and had obtayned liberty to doe it; I returned to London, to procure Marchands security, for my per­forming the conditions, on my part agreed upon, before the mony I was to receive, Could be payd me. Haveing accomplished, what was deman­ded, to the contentment of those concerned; a man of war was offered me, for my retransport to Deep, without my demanding it: I wondered a lit­le, at the great civility; considering it, as a good presage, that I should meet with no niew interuption, in the progress of my business: I went the next day poste to Dover; sending thence to the Downes, the order I had for a frigat to come thither, where I thowght to have embarqued my selfe: whilest I wayted for it, dreaming of nothing less then Imprisonment; the Gouvernour of the Castel, with the Major of the Towne, together with some Soldiers came into my chamber, shewing me an order from Crom­well, to seize all my papers, and to bring me, and my servants, prison­ners into the castle; not one of them, haveing been permitted about me; nor to speak together, before they were examined; which the next day was performed: but my turne came not untill three or four days after; which was executed with great formality, and no less severity, upon seaven Ar­tickles: which I looked upon, as very strange, and without any the least possibility of fowndation; in soe much, that my answers, were positive, and some thing negligent; sufficiently knowing, that according to their owne constitution, in those tymes; they Could doe no more to me, then to revoke what had been graunted, concerning my leavies, and to keep me in restraint for some tyme. In a few days, I was again examined for the second tyme; not in the order I had been at first, but very confusedly, hopeing to have intrapped me in some contradiction; but my answers, ha­veing been in substance the same, as at first, no advantage Could be fownd against me, by that course; and to have prouved any materiall point, I knew was Impossible: which made me appear very indifferent, notwith­standing, the uncivile, and rude threatnings, of one of my Commissaryes.

The only thing, which had any shadow of truth, or reason, was; that a few days before my parting from London, a Gentileman with whome; I was very intimate, being at that tyme Gouvernour of a considerable place whoe in his heart, I knew was not passionately in love with the cause he was [Page 59] engaged in; haveing told me in confidence, that another, underhand so­licited his charge, and he feared might deprive him of it. I was very free, and open, in my Councells to him, touching the best means to conserve it; adding in the conclusion, that as long as he held that post, in all events which Could happen, he might keep himselfe considerable: he answered me not a word touching that point: but after a short, and deep Meditation; diverted his discource, to another subject: the next day he acquainted Cromwell with the Councel, I had given him; not without, both chan­ge, and addition: whither this had been concerted before, and that he was employ'd to counterfeit, jalousy, and discontent to in snare me; or that he thowght to profit himselfe in that occasion, by manifesting his inte­grety throwgh his discouvery, to preserve his charge I Could wever know, nor with my selfe determine; this information, gave more credit to other Articles, then otherwise, they would have met with; which Cromwell himselve, as lenght reflected on, as artificial contrivements, of some whoe he knew (by many intercepted letters) were not my frends, to obstruct my levies; and to ruine my credit in England, at that tyme; to prevent my doeing the harme, they apprehended, which I never meant: at this very conjoncture, there hapned a misunderstanding at the Kings Court (then) at Bridges in Flanders; some persons haveing retyred thence to the Hage; where upon purposely to ruine me, advertisement was given to Cromwell; that all beit, I was very deep in his Ma^ties. displeasure (which he knew as well as they) yet I was well with others, whoe were no less his enimies; and that my pretext for liberty, to make levyes for France, was but to couver the designe I had, to begin a fowndation, for the advancement of another interest; some circomstances, relating to my affaires (where of he was not ignorant) afforded no small probability to this information, where in he was the more confirmed, by the Gouvernours advertisement, whoe I have mentioned, being likewise strengthned, by another, of little less Impor­tance: which was, that Imediately, before my parting from paris, I had sayd something occasionally, to a person of quality of my owne nation, in confidence; that concerned England, and Spayne; he contrary to his promise, acquainted one of the French Ministers with it, whoe wrote it to Monsieur Bourdaux then Ambassadour in England, and by him was com­municated to Cromwell; these twoe circomstances gave much credit to the chiefe information.

Haveing layne under this restraint, three weekes, and nothing to have been prouved, but the Gouvernours advertisement, the business of Bru­ges [Page 60] being accommodated; the grownds whereof he at last knew; and was fully convinced that I was not faulty in the great designe. Which being urged by S^r. John Renolds, with some others, throwgh their frequent soli­citations for my liberty; and for my permission to proceed in my levies; he acknowledged that nothing stuck with him, saveing the councell I had gi­ven to the Gouvernour I have allready mentioned: they aleaged, that all humane affaires were subject to mutation; and that if any change should happen, my words Implied no more then a bare possibility thereof; but not that I knew of any; or that I did wish, or would further it. That the Councel I gave, was to a frend, whoe demanded it; whoe then was, and whoe allways had been in his interests; and that any man, upon the like occasion, might have given the same Councel.

His final answer was; that after haveing Imprisoned Colonel Bamfield, we can neither trust him, nor he us: wherefor I cannot now consent to his levies, nor to his continuance in any of the dominions of this common wealth: his liberty he shall have, upon his engagement, to retire abrode within four days; and not to returne into any of the three Nations, wit­hout leave of the Gouverment: which I did, was set at liberty; and to keep my word more exactly then I was constrained to; haveing stayd one day at Dover; the next, I hyred off an open shaloup to calais; where I fell sick of a violent feaver; which confined me for some tyme to that place. Thus I fownd my selfe utterly ruined in his Ma^ties. favour, cast out of his service for ever: and by this contrivement, and accident (for both were in the business) to gayne my liberty, was constrained to enter into a vo­lontary exile: lost with the Gouverment which then was; totally frustra­ted of the chiefe end (for which I had broken with all my former frends; by procuring leave, (contrary to their Councels;) for my returne into England) which was to have gotten my selfe to the head of a Regiment of 2500. Men of my owne Nation, in the King of Frances service; whereby I Could have subsisted with honour; and Gouverned my selfe in other things, according to events.

During my sickness, which was violent, I fownd my selfe suffiently contented to dye; for being ruined with all the world, small hopes re­mayning to recouver my self; I Could better have submitted to a quiet de­ath, then to have suffered those bitter anxieties of a turbulent, and afflicted life; which I fore saw I was likely to undergoe, as hath befallen me, from that very tyme, to this day; but the periode, either of our lives, or trow­bles comes not, as we often desire: Haveing recouvered my health; I [Page 61] endeavoured to calme my minde; which was not without disordre; and to bear patiently those calamities, which I then felt: and to fortify my selfe to suffer those, which I foresawe, I was likely to undergoe; by a decree greater, and more souveraigne then solomans; which would require a support, sublimer, then what reason, or Philosophy, Could afford; feeling in my selfe, Just cause for what I apprehended; when I deeply re­flected, on the violent passions, inordinate affections, and to great infirmi­ties of my life past. I knew, plethorique bodies, repleat with vitious hu­mours (if there were any hope of cure) had need of strong, and searching phisick. Which preparitories, have kept me from being entirely over­whelmed, with what I have since undergone.

I returned no more into England, till the death of Cromwell; which came to pass, neer twoe years after: S^r. William Lockart, whoe was then Cromwels Ambassadour in France, and Gouvernour of Dunkirck, to whome I had been knowne, before he fell into that interest; gave me a pass; with a letter of recommandation to one of his frends, whoe was at that ty­me in great credit.

The factions, and divisions, in the army: the vinversall discontents, in all the three-Nations; which Could not longer bear, the confusions; of those tymes; being destitute of all Principles of Gouverment; either in church or state: the weakness of him whoe succeeded; and of those whoe followed him; that amidst the greatest Anarchy in the world, figured to themselves, a chimerical Democratie; which one of them Called a republi­que, as durable as the sun, and moone; wherein he vanted himselfe to have more greatness, then he wished for; which in eight months tyme afterwards, terminated in a strict Imprisonment in the Tower of London where he dyed; and his republique (as usually Anarchies doe) ended in Monarchy, many of the greatest, and wisest men of the three Nations ta­king occasion of those desorders, which underhand some of them increased, all they Could; opened the way to his Ma^ties. re-establishment.

The next day after his arivall at whitehall, I was comitted close Prisonner to the Tour of London, into the custody of a person, whoe had been one of the late Kings Judges, whoe was not only pardoned, but continued for some tyme, as Lieutenant of that place this may deservedly be considered as a wonderfull dispensation, to see me (whoe had very often hazarded my life, for the service of the crowne, and especially for the preservation of that King) become a prisoner under the care of one whoe had a principal hand in his death; because he was cunning enowgh, to help to destroy his [Page 62] fellowes, but a few days before the late Kings restauration, and when he plainly perceaved, there was no humane possibility to hinder it. I remained under a severe restraint about aleaven months; when by order, I was browght by S^r. John Robinson (then Commanding the Tower, the former haveing been remouved) to whitehall to be examined; which I was upon divers Artic­kles; by the Earle of Clarendon, at that tyme Lord Chancellour, and by the twoe Secretaries of State, S^r. Edward Nicolas, and S^r. William Maurits. What was true, I acknowledged; pleading an inevitable necessity for what I had done; aleadging that those things, Could not amount to the crime, men­tioned in the warrant for my committment; which was upon suspition of misprision of treason; my Lord Chancellour told me I was browght thither, only to answer cattegorically, to what was demanded of me. That pleading of my cause, was for another place, if it should be thowght fit to bring me thither: notwithstanding that rebuke, upon my further examination; as the matter required, and Could permit, I defended my selfe, as reasnably as I Could; in soe much, that his Lordship told me, Colonel Bamfield, I can perceave, that you have not been alltogether Idle in the Tower; seeing you are arrived at soe much knowledg in the law, at least as you be­live; but I must tell you, that your wisest, and surest refuge will be, to have your recourse to the Kings clemency, and not to your Justification. I answered him, I had great need of his Ma^ties. Grace; that I threw my selfe at his feet, and Implored it with all humility; but was fully persuaded that his LoPP. desired not, that I should acknowledge my selfe, more guilty then I was: he replyed no God forbid; but it behouves you to be very Carefull, that some things you deny, come not to be prouved, which the King has been informed of, and belives: I added no more, but if they Could be prouved, I desired no Grace.

This examination lasted longer there; then is necessary, it should doe here. In the conclusion, I was commanded to withdrawe into an ante chamber, where some of the nobility, and divers Gentilemen were, stan­ding by the fier; and I went alone to a window over against them; about halfe an hower after; my Lord chancellour, and the Secretaries Came out; and being ready to pass by me; his LoPP. drew a little towards me, and I with a profownde reverence, neerer to him: he sayd aloude in the hearing of all present: Colonel Bamfield, I am your freind: M^r. Secretaries, and I, are sencible of your sufferings, and will doe all we can to obtayne you the Kings Grace, and to procure your liberty. And turning to S^r. John Robinson, sayd, M^r. Lieutenant you may let him have the full liberty of [Page 63] the Tower; and all his frends whoe desire it, the freedome to visit him as we returned back in the barge, to the tower; amongest other discource (for then he was become very civile, whoe before had treated me excee­ding rudely) S^t. John Robinson told me, that he had conceaved my busi­ness to have been much otherwise then he fownd it: that my Lord Chancel­lour, had been as moderate in his reflexions on my answers, after I was gone out, as he had been in the examination; and at the end of the debate, spake theise following words. The somme of all is, that Colonel Bamfield has served the Crowne from his youth; and when we left him, he left us.

About three months after; his Ma^tie. sent an order for my liberty. I con­tinued some tyme in London, where I lived with the greatest circomspection Imaginable, not to give cause of jalousy, or offence to any. Till at length Sr. Allen Apsly (treasurer to his Royale Highness) whoe did me the honour some tymes to see me, with a civile and frendly introduction, to very ill niews; told me in plain termes, that the court was againe abondantly unsatis­fyed with me; and that Particularly, his Royale Highness, the Duke of Yorke, had commanded him to tell me, that I owght to be carefull of my comportment, that if I fell into any trowble, he would have nothing to doe with me; adding theise words, the Duke is soe displeased with you; that I belive it easier for you to recouver the Kings favour then his.

I with some Importunity urged him to tell me, if he knew any thing of the cause; to which he gave no other answer, then that the best cource he Could advise me to, was, for some tyme to retire my selfe out of England; till the publique affaires were soe re-settled, that there might remaine no grounds of jalousy concerning me. I replyed, I shall take this night to thinke of it, and would the next day give him an account of my resolution; which I did the morning following before he was out of his bed.

I told him, that I had duly weighed his councel, and was determined to follow it; that thowgh the storme I had stoode out, seemed to have been abated, yet I Could perceave the sea was stil unquiet, the winde contrary, and my ankers not the surest; in soe much that I should seek another port; his answer was, you doe very wisely; for in case the least newe disorder should arise; I am soe much your frend, as to tell you freely, that I per­suade my selfe, you would be confined to a perpetuaile Imprisonment. I replied I had rather dye; he told me brusquly, that; you may easily doe, if you have a minde to it.

I besowght him to acquaint his Ma^tie. that if he pleased to give me leave; [Page 64] I would for some tyme retire out of his Dominions, till the affaires of state were soe settled to his contentment, that my returne might give no ombrage.

The apprehension of a continuel Imprisonment, had soe alarmed me; that I was willing to be gone as soone as I could; which made me hasten to him agayne, twoe days after: he told me he had fownd occasion to repre­sent to the King my humble resolution of retirement; which his Ma^tie. ap­prouved.

He added likewise, that he had acquainted my Lord Chancellour there­with; whoe he sayd commended my discretion; councelled me to carry my selfe abrode, circomspectly, and Dutifully, not haveing to doe with factious, or scismaticall people; by which means he hoped to see me (in some tyme) recalled from my volontary banishment. Theise discources of his, together with some advertisements I had, from a person of great Im­portance, at that tyme of his Ma^ties. councel, whoe either out of com­passion, or frendship; by one of his neer relations, had desired to meet me in a third place; caused me to hasten my departure with soe much pre­cipitation, as to leave my torne affaires, in a very desorderly condition: for he gave me some light, into the reasons of my niew desgrace; as my often frequenting of some places, thowgh most publiquely; which was in­terpreted to my disadvantage, as all things in nature, at that tyme, by some would have been: secondly that I had spoken words, to a cer­tain person, with greater confidence, then discretion; which were loo­ked upon, as marques of remaining discontent, and of factious inclinati­ons; he told me the expressions, but assured me, that he knew not whoe the reporter was: where upon I named the person; avowing that I had sayd those words, or to the same effect. Acquainting him with the occasion; which was that this Gentileman, was not at that tyme in very much greater grace, in the court, then I; with whome some tymes I met occasionally; and at other oportunities he did me the honour to visit me; one day I retay­ned him with me at dinner; at the table, we discourced of many indifferent things, as I tooke them to be; for as long as he was there, one of my ser­vants was present, and (till neer the end of dinner) his footeman; whoe being gone out of the chamber, he sayd some words to me absolutely in ral­lerie, which was custumary amongest the great wits, of which nomber, he really was, both by nature, and acquisition, as any I knew of the Nation; the substance was, a paralelle he made, betwixt me, and one dead some tyme before, whoe had not been of the Kings most dutyfull subjects; re­ferring to the future course of things, as he sayd they might fall out: I [Page 65] (I suspecting nothing, for we had lived during the space of twelve, or thir­tien years, with great kindeness and familiarity) answered him, in the same dialect in pure, and manifest rallerie; nor could the thing it self, about which he had spoken, bear any other sence, if weighed without passion; and my answer, much less: if the antecedent, as well as the con­sequent had been reported; but he in another place, and to other per­sons, repeated only (and that grammatically) my words, as seperate from his owne, which he never mentioned; in soe much that where twoe senten­ces are relatives, if the later be reported, without the former, to which it related; the sence may be wrested oftentimes, to what one will. Haveing recited exactly the whole Matter, with all the circomstances, to this noble person; he shooke his head, and sayd, theise are dangerous tymes, and such are most dangerous men; I besowght him that he would acquaint my Lord Chancellour with this business, and all its circomstances. He replied his Lordship knowes nothing of my speaking with you, much less of what I say to you; and I desire he never may, nor any els. I have wis­hed you well, as long as I have knowne you; and have been very sorry, for your misfortunes; and out of pure pitty, have adventured to speak with you; to hynder your falling into greater; which may prove as lasting as your life; and therefor I hope you will keep this meeting, and what I have sayd to you secret; otherwise, you will deal unwisely as to you selfe, and unthanckfully as to me. Some persons of the greatest Calibre, are soe pre­possested against you; that your clearing your selfe in this point, will in no kinde help you; for the words themselves, can bear no action in law, nor be of any other consequence, then to confirme some in the belief long rooted in them; that you are discontented, and that your heart swells with mutinous, and revengfull thowghts; which is soe ingrafted, that if an Angel should descend from Heaven to declare the contrary, I may question, whither it would avayle you. Retire your selfe as soone as you can, be very circomspect in your whole comportment, and especially in your discources; wherein your best frends, condemne you, as often to free:

Speaking to him about his Royale Highness the Duke of Yorke, and my Lord Chancellour; he told me, the Duke is not (as I hear) inclined to you as he has been; and I easily belive, that Sr. Allen Apsley sayd the truth to you (for I had told him what it was) that his Master will not medle in your concernments.

[Page 66]My Lord Chancellour had kindeness for you; wrowght out your li­berty; was opinion when you first came out of the Tower, that you might have been employed at sea; for the King would not endure to hear of your coming to Court; but now those thowghts of his Lordship are off; and thowgh I can perceave, that he wishes not your utter ruine; yet if you should fall into any new trowble; you will finde no favour from him.

I have here inserted the substance of this noble persons discource, and (as far as I can possibly recollect) his words. Upon these advices, twoe, or three days after, I embarqued my selfe in a ship of Zealand, and landed at Midelburgh, where (meeting with very great civility, and kindeness, from all persons in generall) I remayned neer four years; when by the councels, and very effectual recommendations of some of my frends I went to the Hague, where by their credit, and by the power of some per­sons in Holland, whome they had engaged to favour me; I had the honour to be received into the service of the State. Shortly after, Colonel Dolman and I were summoned by proclamation (without the specification of any crime, as the cause) to render our selves in England by a day, which neither of us doeing, we were both proscribed; and which (I belive) was never done before, by act of Parliament, without any Criminal charge aleadged against either; I shall not wear out tyme, with fruitless com­plaints, nor with any other kinde of reflexions, which can signify nothing. I only solemnly protest, that after my proscription, which was (I thinke) in the very beginning of the year 1666, till the month of April in the year 1674, I never wrote letter, nor sent message to any creature, in any of his Majesties Dominions; nor did receive any. Haveing not had in all that tyme (being about eight years) the least correspondence directly, or indirectly, either to good, or bad ends.

In the month of April 1674, when the peace was concluded, by the last treaty of Breda; I wrote three, or four letters, to twoe persons of great quality, in the most eminent employments about his Majestie, and in no less credit. Whoe had been bred up from their youth in the service of the crowne; one (with whome I had formerly long and great correspondence) returned me no other answer, then verbally, to him whoe delivered him my letter; that he was very sorry for the unhappiness of my condition, but that the conjoncture Could not permit any man, to speak in favour of that unfortunate Gentileman. The other (I know) did move his Ma^tie. in my behalfe for my returne into England severall tymes; but Could obtayne no Grace.

[Page 67]Thus finding my selfe, most entirely ruined, and hopeless of ever re­couvering, either in England, or els where; I betooke my selfe to a reso­lution, as contrary to my temper, humour, and custome, as one oppo­site, can well be to another; where unto I could never constraine my in­clination, throwgh the whole course of my life, untill that tyme: which was to retire my selfe not only from all kinde of affaires, of what nature soe­ever; but even from the usual contentment, of humane conversation; as far forth as the possibility of subsisting Could admit; and to lead an Her­mitical kinde of life; to which end, haveing throwgh the frendship of a worthy person, to whome I was knowne; procured in the country, a little house in a garden; (but as great as my designe.) Thither I retired my selfe; and soe continued during the space of five years; haveing had in all that ty­me, very little other society, then my bookes, and meditations. not­withstanding this great circomspection; and harmless way of living; I Could not be entirely free from some practises, which had been (for a long tyme) one of the chiefe causes, of my great calamitie; in soe much that I then did (and doe now) thinke; that if the very trees Could have had the discour­sive faculty; they would have been employ'd to my disadvantage; which made me as much as was decently possible, to avoyd the speaking with all man kinde: but in this egiptiene darkness (by intervalls) God extraordi­naryly afforded me such glimerings of light, that I Could discouver, the first mouvers, reasons, ends, and instruments, of all theise practises; as likewise that passion in the first; and interest in the last, produced theise ef­fects; from which (I playnly saw) no manner of life, that I Could consine my selfe unto, was of sufficient force to free me.

Theise considerations which were solid, and reall; exempt from all Hy­pocondriacall vapours, or chimeraes; together with the very sencible decay of my health, throwgh this way of living; as likewise, that melan­choly sencibility of my to heavy distresse, not haveing been Stoicien enough, to have lost my feeling; together with other reasons that I shall not men­tion; I concluded my return to Leuwarden (at least for the winter) more conducible to my health, to my security, and more convenient in other considerations then the country, about the end of September 1679, I posted my selfe there; where I lived as free, from all conversation, as I had done at Bergum. In the year 1680, coming to the knowledg of some things which concerned me in the highest degree; that I Could be touched with; and perceaving by the prints (which were frequent, and filled therewith) [Page 68] that the desordres in England, were risen to that Height; that the storme seemed to blow, from all points of the compass; and not only conjecturing that I should be suspected, but knowing that I was soe (thowgh innocent, as to all those transactions, as the childe whoe had never seen the light) I begun to thinke with my selfe, what course was fittest for me to steer; and after much deliberation, I concluded it absolutely best, to write into England; which accordingly I did, to a person whoe I thowght Could not be exposed to any suspition; and by their means, (if they would have adventured it) to have letters delivered to some of the Court, whoe had formerly been my frends; this person answered my letter, and un­dertooke what I desired. Where upon calling the saying to minde, that he that wallkes circomspectly, walkes surely (allbeit I saw no necessity to ha­ve done it, as things were betwixt England and this State) I demanded leave, from those, whoe had the power to accord it me; for my writing to such of my frends, as would have endeavourd to get my proscription taken off, free and entire liberty, was graunted me, very Generously; without those limitations, which I offered to Impose upon my selfe.

I wrote three letters, to persons of Importance at the court; one tooke tyme to resolve whither he would receive his, or not; but after three or four days consideration excused it: the other twoe received my letters, promised answers; but as I have since knowne, not finding means to obtaine any thing in my favour, wrote not to me. However, at length, one whoe had credit, was Induced to receive letters from me, and to write to me;

My end, and endeavour was; first to make my innocency appear de­monstrably, touching all correspondence, or colusion with any of his Ma^ties. subjects; either in, or out of his Dominions; nor to have had soe much as knowledg, of any contrivements or designes, tending in any kinde, or degree, to the prejudice of his person, or disturbance of his Gouverment. And nevertheless, that I knew, negatives were most difficult to be prouved; yet by inductions, and necessary conse­quencies, much may be clearly demonstrated. Besides, I was certayne, that it Could not be in the power of mankinde, to prouve any such matter against me; haveing ever since my residing in Freezland, been soe exactly circumspect, not to give any just occasion of jalousie; that I have entirely avoided the speaking with any, whoe I knew, or did but Imagine, to have been suspected, by his Ma^tie. as disaffected to his per­son, [Page 69] or Gouverment: and if any such, have desired any communica­tion with me, I have civily excused it; as that which Could not have been benificiall to them, and might have proved domageable to my selfe. Nor have I ever done it, to this moment; either by interview, speech, writing, or Message; sent, or received.

Nor have I had any other knowledge, of those plots, and practi­ses, during theise last ten years (which have filled all Christendome with noise) saveing what I have seen in print; and not before it was pu­blique.

Theise truths haveing been soe made appear, as that they neither had been, nor Could be contradicted, by any lawfull evidence, or reasna­ble appearance, I flattered my selfe (as indeed I have done) into the ho­pes of getting my proscription taken off; and might have met with no op­position from England (which has allways befallen me) to my obtay­ning employment abroad, in case of a foraigne war, which till about eigh [...]een months since, I concluded unavoydable; haveing been positi­vely resolved, to throwe my selfe, into the first engagement, where I best Could, with the satisfaction of my Conscience, thereby to have honourably ended (if God had thowght it fit) an unhappy, and a bur­thensome life, more to my contentment; then the continuation thereof for many years has been.

Perceaving now no means remayning, in this dead calme, which is Joyfully believed of 20 years continuance, for the lawfull persuance of my designe; being likewise deprived of all hopes in England; I resol­ve, during the short reste of my life with as much tranquility, as God shall please to voutsafe me, to submit to his holy will, in whose booke, the nombers of our dayes are registred, wayting on him till my change comes, whoe sways all men, and actions, to those ends for which he has ordayned them: in this course, to meet with the less interuption; I yet determine neither to discompose my selfe, nor give any ombrage to others, by medling with wordly affaires, further then the necessity of my subsistance may constraine me to it: which I conceave cannot hap­pen, if I am dealt justly with, by those for whome I have visibly suffe­red, to great extremities, for Divers years.

This being my syncere intention; I shall summ up the principal points, which have (in some kinde) constrained me to become publique, to the following heads, and soe conclude.

[Page 70]First I here declare, and protest, (which I doe with a clear, and safe conscience) that since my leaving of England, with his Ma^ties. permission; I have had no correspondence, by writing, receaving of letters, or Messa­ges, into, or out of England, or of any other part of his Dominions, nor have had any consultations, or contrivements with any of his subjects abroad, tending to the raysing, or fomenting any discontents, uproors, seditions, or treasons, against his person, or Gouverment.

Secondly that from the year 1665, after the first war was declared by England against this State; I neither wrote, nor received any letter or Message, into, or out of England, or any other of the Kings Dominions, untill the year 1674. after the last peace concluded at Breda, and then only (as I have allready sayd) unto twoe persons of as great honour, and fide­lity to the King, as I have ever knowne, and of the neerest places, and trust about him: at which tyme, I wrote but twoe, or three letters, with Communication of some persons, in the greatest consideration in the Gouverment of this state. Nothing at that tyme, haveing been obtaynedned for me: I wrote not more, till the end of 1679, or the beginning of 1680; and then writh free leave of those in cheif authority where I was; and only for the ends, I have allready mentioned.

Thirdly and lastly, knowing positively, and particularly, that by some very ill persons, I have been accused, to have spoken, undecently, and undutifully, concerning the late King, of happy Memory, as likewise of some other Princes abroad of the Royale blood; which has been belie­ved, and contributed as much to my late Calamities, as those other mat­ters of a higher nature, and may yet reduce me to greater extremities, then I thinke decent for me to mention. Wherefor I doe declare, that I have never at any tyme, nor on any occasion, mentioned his late Ma^tie. neither any other Prince of the blood, capable of a legall succession (at any tyme, or event which can happen) to the crowne, but with that due respect and modesty, which became a subject to speak of his Souveraigne; or a sober man, of such whoe are in a legal possibility to become soe.

Few men can be ignorant (and to many not insencible) of the prodigious liberty, which has of late years been taken, of false informations in secret, (which being belived, without due examination; no man can be safe) as likewise, of Improbable, untrue, and contradictory evidences in publi­que, and of most Impudent perjury, which renders it a bold hazard, for any man to lay himselfe open to, yet such is my innocency (as to all theise [Page 71] matters) and soe great, and full the satisfaction of my conscience, that I shall venture to declare; that if any man upon the earth; either of his Ma^ties. subjects, or strangers, will say, and can suffiently, and authenti­cally prove, the contrary to any one of theise assertions; I shall freely with my soul forgive him, if he does it, and be contented to suffer death.

As I began, soe I shall end: that false accusations, with secret and de­testable practises, to destroye me, or at least, to continue me under the Calamity which has long layne heavy upon me (much worse to me, then death) have constrayned me to this course, as unfit for me, as I am for it; referring my selfe to the equitable sensure of unpreoccupied persons; the judgment of my cause to God, and my soul in all events, to his incompre­hensible mercy.