A compleat treatise of the muscles as they appear in humane body, and arise in dissection with diverse anatomical observations not yet discover'd : illustrated by near fourty copper-plates, accurately delineated and engraven / by John Browne ... — Compleat treatise of the muscles

A compleat treatise of the muscles as they appear in humane body, and arise in dissection with diverse anatomical observations not yet discover'd : illustrated by near fourty copper-plates, accurately delineated and engraven / by John Browne ... — Compleat treatise of the muscles

Table of contents

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Title page

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Charles R.

To His Grace CHRISTOPHER Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Torington, Baron Monck of Potheridge, Beauchamp, and Teyes, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, One of the Gentlemen of His Majesties Bed-Chamber, One of His Majesties most Honourable Privy-Council, Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Devon and Essex, And Captain of His Majesties Guards of Horse.

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Clarissimis, Doctissimisque Viris D. D. Praesidi & Sociis Collegii Regalis Medicorum Londinensium, Myologicam hanc exercitationem ex animo lubens ac merito Dicat Dedicatque, J. Brown.

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To his Highly Esteemed Friend Mr. John Browne, &c.

To Mr. John Browne on his Treatise of Muscles.

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In Laudem Authoris.

To his much valued Friend Mr. John Browne.

TO THE Ingenuous and Studious READER.

The Names of the Subscribers.

This Table sheweth the Names of the Muscles, as they do arise in Dissection.

The Names of the Authors concerned in this Muscular Discourse.

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Obliquus Descendens.

The Explanation of the First Table.

Obliquus Ascendens.

The Explanation of the Second Table.

Rectus.

The Explanation of the Third Table.

Pyramidalis or Succenturiatus.

The Explanation of the Fourth Table.

Transversus.

The Explanation of the Fifth Table.

Frontalis.

Aperiens Palpebram Rectus.

Claudens seu Semicircularis superior Deprimens.

Inferior seu Attollens Semicircularis.

Rectus Oculi Primus Elevator.

Rectus Secundus sive Depressor.

Rectus Tertius sive Adducens.

Rectus Quartus sive Abducens.

Obliquus Minor sive Inferior.

Obliquus Major vel Superior cum Trochlea.

Attollens Aurem.

Detrahens Aurem.

Adducens Aurem ad Anteriora.

Abducens Aurem ad Posteriora.

Externus Tympani Auris.

Internus Tympani Auris.

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The Explanation of the Sixth Table.

Abducens Nasi Alas.

Attollens Nasi Alas.

Claudens Nasum Externus.

Claudens Nasum Internus.

Zygomaticus Riolani, vel Attollens Labium Superius.

Abducens Labia.

Labium inferius Deprimens.

Par Labium constringens sive Musculus Orbicularis & Constrictor.

Quadratus sive Platysma Myodes.

Buccinator.

Masseter sive Lateralis, seu Mansorius.

Temporalis seu Crotaphites.

Mastoideus.

Biventer Digastricus seu Graphyoides.

Coracohyoides.

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Sternohyoides.

Sternothyreoides.

Hyothyreoides.

Styloceratohyoides.

Mylohyoides Riolani.

Styloceratohyoides.

Myloglossus.

Ceratoglossus.

Genioglossus.

Hypsiloglossus seu Basioglossus.

Styloglossus.

Lingualis.

Cricothyreoides Anticus.

The Explanation of the Eighth Table.

Aesophageus seu Sphincter gulae.

Stylopharyngaeus.

Cephalopharyngaeus.

Cricoarytaenoides Posticus.

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Cricoarytaenoides Lateralis.

Arytaenoides.

Thyreoarytenoides.

Sphenopharyngaeus Primus.

Sphenopharyngaeus Secundus.

Pterygoides Externus sive Abducens.

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Pterygoides Internus seu Adducens.

The Explanation of the Tenth Table.

Longus.

Scalenus sive Triangularis.

Pectoralis.

Subclavius.

Serratus Major Anticus.

Serratus Minor Anticus.

Intercostales Externi.

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Intercostales Interni.

Pectoralis Internus seu Triangularis.

Cremasteres sive Suspensorii.

Erector Penis, sive Collateralis.

The Explanation of the Twelfth Table.

Accelerator Penis.

Musculi Clitoridis.

Levatores Ani.

Sphincter Ani.

Sphincter Vesicae.

Detrusor Urinae.

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Diaphragma.

Here let the Body be turned upon its Face.

Cucullaris sive Trapezius.

The Explanation of the Fourteenth Table.

Latissimus Dorsi, sive Aniscalptor.

Rhomboides.

Levator Patientiae.

Rotundus Major.

Superscapularis Superior sive Supraspinatus.

Superscapularis Inferior sive Infraspinatus.

Nonus Humeri Placentini sive Rotundus Minor.

Subscapularis.

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The Explanation of the Sixteenth Table.

If the whole Arm with the Scapula be taken off, the dissection of these following Muscles will with more ease be performed.

Deltois.

Biceps.

Octavus Humeri Placentini, sive Perforatus seu Coracobrachialis.

Brachiaeus Internus.

The Explanation of the Seventeenth Table.

Gemellus Major, Brachiaeus Externus, aut Longus.

Extensor Cubiti Breuis, vel Brachiaeus Internus.

Anconaeus.

Palmaris.

Caro Musculosa Quadrata.

Flexor Carpi Interior sive Ulnaris.

Flexor Carpi Exterior sive Radialis.

Flexor Secundi Internodii Perforatus.

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Flexor Tertii Internodii.

Flexor Secundi Internodii Pollicis.

Pronator Radii Teres.

Pronator Quadratus sive Inferior.

The Explanation of the Nineteenth Table.

Flexores Primi Internodii sive Lumbricales.

Flexor Primus, Primi Internodii Pollicis.

Secundus.

Secundi Internodii Pollicis, Flexor Primus.

Secundus.

Tertius.

Quartus.

The Explanation of the Twentieth Table.

Minimi Digiti Abductor.

Pollicis Abductor.

Pollicis Adductor.

Interossei.

Extensor Carpi exterior, sive Radiaeus Extcrnus, seu Bicornis.

The Explanation of the One and twentieth Table.

Extensor Carpi Interior, sive Cubitaeus Internus.

Digitorum Secundi & Tertii Internodii Tensor Communis.

Minimi Digiti Tensor.

The Explanation of the Two and twentieth Table.

Supinator Radii Longus.

Secundi & Tertii Pollicis Tensor.

Indicem Abducens.

Supinator Radii Brevis.

Primi Internodii Extensores.

The Explanation of the Three and twentieth Table.

Next come we to the Body it self as it lies.

Serratus Major Posticus.

Serratus Posticus Inferior.

Splenius sive Triangularis.

Trigeminus sive Complexus.

Transversalis.

The Explanation of the Twenty fourth Table.

Spinati Colli.

Recti Majores.

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Recti Minores.

Obliqui Superiores.

Obliqui Inferiores.

The Explanation of the Twenty fifth Table.

Longissimus Dorsi.

Sacrolumbus.

Cervicalis Descendens.

Sacer.

Semispinatus.

Quadratus.

Psoas vel Lumbaris.

The Explanation of the Twenty sixth Table.

Psoas Parvus.

The Explanation of the Twenty seventh Table.

We arrive now to the taking the Thigh off from the Trunck of the Body, by dividing Os Ileon from the Os Sacrum, after which, will this appear as the most proper Order of Dissecting these following Muscles.

Iliacus Internus.

Glutaeus Major.

Glutaeus Medius.

Glutaeus Minor.

Iliacus Externus vel Pyriformis.

The Explanation of the Twenty eighth Table.

Obturator Internus sive Marsupialis.

Quadrigeminus.

Obturator Externus.

The Explanation of the Twenty ninth Table.

Membranosus.

Sartorius sive Fascialis.

Gracilis.

The Explanation of the Thirtieth Table.

Vastus Externus.

Vastus Internus.

Biceps.

Semimembranosus.

The Explanation of the One and thirtieth Table.

Seminervosus.

Triceps.

Lividus sive Pectinalis.

The Explanation of the Two and thirtieth Table.

Gasterocnemius sive Gemellus Externus.

Plantaris.

Gasterocnemius Internus, seu Soleus.

Suppopliteus.

Flexor Digitorum Tertii Internodii, seu Perforans, sive Sublimis.

The Explanation of the Three and thirtieth Table.

Tibiaeus Posticus seu Nauticus.

Flexor Pollicis.

Flexor Secundi Internodii, Perforatus seu Profundus.

The Explanation of the Thirty fourth Table.

Flexores Primi Internodii Digitorum, seu Lumbricales.

Adductor Pollicis Major.

Abductor Minimi Digiti.

Adductor Minor, sive Transversalis Placentini.

Tib•eus Anticus, sive Musculus Catenae.

The Explanation of the Five and thirtieth Table.

Fibulaeus sive Peronaeus Primus; aut Posticus.

Peronaeus Secundus sive, Semifibulaeus, aut Anticus.

Pollicis Tensor.

The Explanation of the Six and thirtieth Table.

Extensor Tertii Internodii Digitorum, aut Longus.

Extensor Secundi Internodii Digitorum, aut Brevis.

Interossei.

This Table sheweth the Reduction of the Muscles each to their proper place. Ʋse and Part.

An Alphabetical TABLE of the Names of the Muscles, with the Page cited in which each Muscle is treated on.

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Joannes Browne Regius Chirurgus Ordinarius.

Aetatis suae 39 An̄o Dōm 1681.

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A Compleat Treatise OF THE MUSCLES, As they appear in Humane Body, And arise in DISSECTION; With Diverse Anatomical Observations Not yet Discover'd.

Illustrated by near Fourty COPPER-PLATES, Accurately Delineated and Engraven.

By John Browne, Sworn Chirurgeon in Ordinary to His Majesty.

Non Nobis Nati.

In the SAVOY. Printed by Tho. Newcombe for the Author. 1681.

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TO HIS Most Sacred Majesty CHARLES II. By the Grace and Providence of God KING OF Great Brittain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. THESE Anatomical Exercitations OF MUSCULAR DISSECTION, Are most Humbly Dedicated,

by Your Majesties Most Loyal Subject, And most Obedient Servant, John Browne.

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[Page] Charles R.

CHARLES By the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. To all Our loving Subjects of what Degree, Condition, or Quality soever within Our Kingdom and Dominions, Greeting: Whereas it hath been manifested unto Ʋs, that Our Trusty and Welbeloved John Browne Esq one of Our Chirurgeons in Ordinary, hath not only with great Art, but at the Expence of much Time and Charge, delineated, described, and accurately Engraved in Copper-plates an Anatomical Treatise of Muscular Dissection; which performance of his is to Our great liking and satisfaction, so that We may express Our Approbation thereof, and give him all due and ample encouragement for the future; We do hereby signifie Our Royal Pleasure, granting unto the said John Browne the sole Priviledge of Printing the aforesaid Treatise with its Copper Figures; and strictly Charging, prohibiting and forbidding all Our Subjects to Copy or Counterfeit any the Sculptures or Description aforesaid, either in great or small, or to Import, Buy, Vend, Ʋtter, or Distribute any Copies or Exemplars of the same Reprinted beyond the Seas within the term of Fifteen Years next ensuing the Date of this Our License, and Prohibition, without the Consent and Approbation of the said John Browne, his Heirs, Executors and Assigns, as they and every of them so offending will answer [Page] the Wardens and Company of Stationers of Our City of London, the Farmers, Commissioners, and Officers of Our Customs, as all other Our Officers and Ministers whom it may concern, are to take particular notice that due Obedience be given to this Our Royal Command.

Given at Our Court at Whitehall this 22th Day of Nov. in the Three and thirtieth Year of, &c.

By His Majesties Command, L. Jenkins.

To His Grace CHRISTOPHER Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Torington, Baron Monck of Potheridge, Beauchamp, and Teyes, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, One of the Gentlemen of His Majesties Bed-Chamber, One of His Majesties most Honourable Privy-Council, Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Devon and Essex, And Captain of His Majesties Guards of Horse.

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May it please Your Grace,

HIS Majesty having been Graciously pleased not only to take a view of, but to allow the Publication of this Treatise of Muscular Dissection; Now after Him it waits at Your Graces Feet, imploring Your Pardon for its Presumption: But Your Generous Spirit always encouraging the Industrious Man, breathes Life into my Ʋndertaking, by which Your Grace does declare to the World Your valuable Goodness, as well as Your substantial Honour: You never exercising Your self in little Designs, but in the Publick Service of Your King and [Page] Countrey; These being the main Columnes of Your Great Lustre, all which when Greatness shall be shrivel'd into nothing, or at least into a cold Remembrance, will raise Yours into everlasting Praise, and force future Ages to speak well of Your Merit.

And were my Performances equal to my Wishes, I might not doubt of a happy Reception; but since the knowledge of my own weakness forbids the entertainment of such thoughts, it waits on Your Grace with all Humility: And whilst You have so much of that Heaven about You, I shall fear little dammage from any Earthly defects of my own.

And Noble Sir, As You are not only the true Heir of the Fortunes, but of the incomparable Worth of so Great a Father, and so Renowned a General, whose Character being too big for my Pen, I dare leave it to any Impartial Reader of this Age to Judge, whether You do not most worthily participate with him, both in Your Benign Temper and Honourable Conduct; The delineating of both whose Heroick Spirits, may well challenge the best of Orators to describe; Whose Goodness joined with most noble Qualifications, may as deservedly Entitle You both to that which was once given to the great Emperor Titus: (THE DELIGHTS OF MANKIND.) But why should I strive to tell the World what they already know, and what I am confident none will Dispute? 'Tis an Honour too great for me, that Your Grace hath (by laying this Command upon me) given me an occasion to publish the hearty desires I have to acknowledge all Your Graces Favours, and to assume a liberty (few Men living but will be proud to share in) of declaring my self,

Your Graces, Most Humble, most Faithful, And most Obedient Servant, John Browne.

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LIbrum hunc (cui Titulus Myotomia) Dignum Judicamus, Qui Imprimatur,

Al. Frasier M. R.

Charl. Scarburough M. R.

Johannes Wicklethwait Praeses

Colleg. Medicor. Londinens.

Thomas Witherley Censor.

Samuel Collins Censor.

Tho. Millin [...]ton Censor.

Edvardus Browne Censor.

Clarissimis, Doctissimisque Viris D. D. Praesidi & Sociis Collegii Regalis Medicorum Londinensium, Myologicam hanc exercitationem ex animo lubens ac merito Dicat Dedicatque, J. Brown.

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QUantum Lucis Scientiae conferat Methodica Institutionis ratio, non vobis solummodo (Literatorum Coryphaei) sed & Tyronibus etiam omnibus tam clarum est, quam quod Clarissimum. Partes enim si Debitâ serie tractentur explicenturque, & perspicué abinvicem dignoscuntur, & multó melius à Lectoribus percipiuntur; Quippe quod Ordinata rerum dispositio praecepta, tàm Jucundiora, tàm faciliora reddat, dum singula separatim in suâ Classe reposita, memoriam adjuvant & oblectant. Ut igitur ista tam manifesta praetermittam, de re ipsâ dicere liceat. Antiquiores hanc Scientiam Anatomicam in duas partes diviserunt, Actionem, & Contemplationem, quarum alterius ope, quicquid in Caelo, Terrâ Marique videri usquam possit, in uno homine conspicitur, & tot miracula deteguntur, ut Calamus iis enumerandis oneri succumberet, & admiratio nos penitus obruat. Nihil est quod vel à Naturâ, vel Arte expectari possit, quod haec Ars non proferat. Subjectum enim ejus adeo nobile est, nimirum Corpus hominis, ad Imaginem Dei, à Deo creati, ut nihil nobilius sub Sole inveniri possit; & singulas humani corporis particulas adeo eleganter describit, ut Arti simul vestrae Medicorum, & nostrae Chirurgorum [Page] summo ornamento siet. Veritatem in abditis musculorum (& caeterarum partium) meatibus & tenuissimis fibrillis latentem è Tenebris vindicat, & in clarissimam Lucen revocat. Obscuris Lumen, Obsoletis nitorem, Fastiditis gratiam, Dubiis fidem, & vetustate quasi abrogatis Authoritatem conciliat: Per hanc Medici ferendo Judicio aptiores fiunt; cum Symptomatibus & indicationibus instructi citius certiusque affirmare queant, quam partem, quâ causâ morbi dolor, urgeat, afficiatque imò ex ipsâ mortuorum dissectione discunt, & vivis hominibus, bonâ valetudine utentibus, vitam denuò instaurare, & moribundus Spiritum, nè exeat, detinere. Et in hâc equidem praxi nulla unquam aetas fuit (sive diligentiam indefessam, sive abundantem Inventorum faelicitatem Spectes) nostrâ hac aut ditior aut foecundior; cujus assidua Cura ac Labor improbus nova non pauca adinvenit, antiqua correxit, & hanc artem ita illustravit, ut jam ferè ad culmen perfectionis summum pervenisse videatur. Quod si de Anatomicis videndum esset. Nostrates plurimi extiterunt Heroes, qui ut sidera Caeli, Clarissima medicinae Lumina, & veluti Dii Mortales in hâc Arte emicuerunt; Inter quos quantâ cum famâ Harvaeius, Entius, Glissonius, Whartonus, Charltonus, Willissius, Gualterus Nedhamus, Lowerus, cum multis aliis scripserunt, ut Libri & nomina ipsorum celeberrima nullis delenda saeculis testantur. Jam tandem ad vos, Viri Apollinei, mea se dirigit Oratio, sub quorum Patrocinio Lucubrationes hasce ausus sum divulgare. De vobis dicere fas est; quod quasi Medicorum Principes doctrinae Jatricae fines producitis, & Industriâ quotidianâ Artem condecoratis, unà & augetis; adeò ut ex Collegio vestro, veluti solo fertili, [Page] Inventa faelicissima ad artis propagationem, & Morborum extirpationem indies nascantur. Ad me quod attinet, Non ita arrogens sum, ut aliorum aut dicta, aut facta mihi ascribere velim, se potius suum cuique tribuere cupiens, Authorum nomina ad marginem Libri appono, quos in Elencho (eos referente, é quorum scriptis universum hoc opus congestum fuit) Invenietis. Nostrum itaque, qualecunque Munusculum, etsi non verbis politum, attamen ad utilitatem hominum aliquo modo conducens, (quandoquidem veritatis plurimum in se contineat) fronte serenâ accipite. Valete & Aeternum quam faelicissimi vivite,

Sic Orat, Nominib. Illustrib. & Nobillissim.

Devotissimus & Observantissimus, John Brown.

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To his Highly Esteemed Friend Mr. John Browne, &c.

SIR,

I Have through want of leisure, but cursorily viewed your History of, and Observations on the Muscles: together with your choice number of their Types and Figures elegantly delineated with your own hand. Yet I think I did it not so superficially, but that I may truly and confidently say, that whoever considers how profitable, and indeed how necessary the knowledge of the Muscles is, not only in Chirurgery, but in Medicine and Philosophy also, (since the faculty and use of the Nerves which distributes Life and Motion to all parts cannot be understood and explain'd without it) must, when he hath perused your Brief, Accurate, and Judicious Treatise, of the Muscles, together with your Observations and Animadversions thereon, be so Ingenuous, if he be just, as to acknowledge their great usefulness not only to Chirurgeons, but to Students in Medicine and Phylosophy likewise, and must therefore joyn with me to their Encomium; and earnestly desire, and importune their Publication as well as

Sir,

Your assured Friend and Servant, E. Dickinson M. D. Physician to the Kings Person and Family.

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To Mr. John Browne on his Treatise of Muscles.

SIR,

I cannot but commend your Ingenuous Design of making so useful a Book for the benefit of young Chirurgeons, and your Judicious choice of Cuts for that purpose: It is a Book which I am sure the Chirurgeons-Hall doth much want, for the younger sort to have in their hands in order to their better attending the Learned Reader. And not only so, but the most able Anatomists will be glad of so compleat a Contraction of so considerable part of Anatomy into one view, where they may at any time recollect themselves, as to their former Readings and Observations. Therefore your Edition of this Treatise cannot but oblige the World, and amongst others,

Charter-House, April 14. 79.

Sir,

Your humble Servant, Wal. Needham.

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MYographicum hunc Tractatum ab Expertissimo Viro D. Johanne Browne conscriptum, Medicorum Chirurgorumque Tyronibus, & utrorumque etiam Peritissimis utilem fore Judicat,

Tho. Allen M. D.

Regius Medicus Oridinarius & Coll. Lon. Soc. & Censor.

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In Laudem Authoris.

PErlegendo vestrum de Musculis Libellum, magnum invenio certamen inter Ingenium & Ingeniosum tui calamum, quis Palmam portare meruit; & nè iniquè Judicarem, Legentibus sat erit, tam perutilem, sic perjucundum fore existimat,

Amicus tuus tui ad Aras, Edvardus Warner. Med. Personae Regis Ordinarius & ejus Exercitui M. Generalis.

To his much valued Friend Mr. John Browne.

SIR,

I Have read over your Treatise of Muscles, (as my time would permit) and find you have taken great pains and care in your Collections, and made good Observations, and exprest much Art and Industry in your Figures: and (by consulting excellent Authors) have contracted much into little: that a competent knowledge in this part of Anatomy (so absolutely necessary in the safe practice of Chirurgery) may probably be much easier attained to, than formerly by young Indagators; and be a further confirmation to others, who have already sweat in the same Study. Therefore I cannot but encourage you to make it publick, by which I suppose you will oblige many who are Friends to such Anatomical Enquiries: amongst whom give me leave to reckon,

Sir, Martii 26. 79.

Your Affectionate Friend To serve you, Edmund King M. D. Physician in Ordinary to his Majesty.

TO THE Ingenuous and Studious READER.

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Curteous Reader,

AS Anatomy is generally allowed the best and truest Speculum or Looking-Glass, illustrating, and presenting all the parts of the Body, with their Affects, and Affected Parts, most clearly and evidently: so also is it the main Basis, on which Chirurgery doth build its fairest Fabrick, and comely Structure. And of what great use this hath been, and is, to Mankind, not only the Ancients, but also Modern Writers do most admirably declare; How this Renowned Art hath in former Ages been treated, and carefully treasured up and Celebrated in Theaters and Anatomical Schools, many Authors have to Posterity voluminously satisfied; And that it still doth get greater footing amongst the Ingenuous and Industrious Sons of Art, every Age doth, and may with admiration evince, and the many Learned Lectures annually read, may both most honourably and happily set forth and demonstrate.

This Art of Anatomy, as it doth require the industrious Study, and accurate care of a curious Enquiry, so also doth it reward his pains with the Jewel of Knowledge, and afford his Endeavours the happy issue of a fair success: giving those methods and measures of security [Page] in Chirurgical Practice, which are most consentaneous and genuine for the Industrious Practitioner, to study and search after. This is as his best Compass, whereby he may sail freely in the main Ocean of his Art, without any mistrust or dread of splitting himself upon any Rocks of danger, or Shelves of mistake, for its by this alone, that we arrive at and do gain how our Membranes are made, and spun out of Spermatick Fibres, and how out of Maternal Blood are framed our Muscular parts. It is from this Tree of Knowledge, all the differences between a Vein and Artery are pluckt up: Its this Garden that affords us the various Flowers of Nerves and Tendons, and shews us the different. Beds of Ligaments and Bones: It's this Sun that conducts the Ʋnderstanding, that advanceth the same into Affection, that promotes our Affections towards our Maker. And come we but to take a view and survey of the symmetry of his parts, and therein but cast our Eye and consider on the rare Offices and Ʋses which are variously bestowed on them, we ought as well in Justice, as in Reason, to grant and allow, that nothing in this great Ʋniverse may or can surpass him, especially in the exquisite Fabrick of his Muscles, and the variety of their Motion.

Now although Myology hath been by the Ancients thus traced, yet Steno hath quite altered the Fabrick of their design, affirming, that there is in every Muscle two opposite Tendons, into which are inserted two kinds of Fibres, the which being closely annexed do frame the Tendon, and in that part wherein they are loosely intertext, there they do allow of a constituted Flesh, implanting one above another, here placing and disposing the thickness and depth of the Flesh, framing its latitude, and declaring its order of Fibres; and this Figure he describes by a Mathematical Line, taking thence [Page] their Cannons which do explain their actions; Thus he satisfies, that all the Fleshy Fibres in a simple Muscle, are carried in a direct Line from one Tendon obliquely into another, and these Tendons are interwoven in their opposite ends and angles of the Fleshes;Steno's description of a Muscle. by which he doth ingeniously describe a Muscle to be a collection of moving Fibres, so framed and formed, that the middle Fleshes do frame an oblique angle, and that the two opposite Tendons do form two Quadrangular Prisma's; this Figure he very accurately represents by Instruments used by Painters, or Picture-Drawers, wherein we see by the application of their Pegs, the true insertion of their Tendons are hereby very well explained, and the Fleshy parts lively delineated: for when they bring their greatest distances from their opposite angles, and being hereby made more acute, these are brought to two sides, and so this Instrument is made both longer and narrower, this shewing the Muscle no way contracted, but rather narrowed, and reduced into a longer body, the length thereof not being changed, save only in its Position; Thus have we by Steno shewn, a muscle may appear as a simple part consisting of one Venter and two Tendons, as are many of those in the Arm, or Thigh, and in many other parts of the Body; or Compound having many Venters, to every of which is allowed two Tendons.

In a simple Muscle, because either one Tendon or both ought to be attracted, and because the attracting part is thin, and broad, the Belly of the Muscle doth require for its frame, a diversity of Fibres to answer to the variety of its Figures; whereas Compound Muscles are distinguished by their greater variety of Fibres: for besides this variety of Figures which ought to be observed; so also ought their Venters, being either more or less, with their order of Fibres, and diversity [Page] of Frames have a respect allowed them. Therefore shall we find that to every simple, as well as compound Muscle is bequeathed a Membranous covering,Membrane invested with Fleshy Fibres for its direct motion, and is intertext with transverse Fibres for forming it into a Membrane.Vein and Artery. It hath a Vein and Artery inserted into its middle, sending forth of their Surcules into the oblique moving Fibres, from whence the smaller Ramifications being dispersed through the Interstitia of the Fleshes, doth besprinkle and bedew them with their Afflux of Blood,Nerve. and its Reflux: The Nerve entring herein doth distribute of its small Branches into its neighbouring Muscles, carrying in it the soul of the commanded action, and commanding its execution in the lower guard of the Fleshy Fibres, and of its Membranous Fibrilla's; And as touching its action,Its action. in dissection of living Bodies, we plainly perceive that it doth contract, but not as the old opinion held: that the Fibres did contract from their ends, towards their Originations, one end of the Muscle being carried through the other; whereas the Fleshy Fibres only, and their ends are seen to be contracted towards their middle, their Tendons being mutable, and not altered either in their longitude or thickness, the which Worthy Steno first observed, the which he doth describe in the Diaphragma, and those Muscles appointed for Respiration, the which is moved by a constant turn, as is cleared and perceived; How oft therefore the Muscle is seen to be contracted, all its Fleshy Fibres in either end are apparently shewn to be driven together, and as it were seen to bow and yield to each other; and hence do seem to appear either shorter or thicker: the which being loosned from its constriction, you will find it to appear in its proper length and thickness, this alteration being produced by the Spirit or subtile Matter which passeth from the Tendons into the Fleshy parts; [Page] and here stuffing them or filling them up in every place, doth force and compel them to yield hereunto, it tumefying its Fibres; but when this receeds from these Fleshly parts into the Tendons, these Fibres do lessen of their bulk, and do appear in their genuine length and thickness.

We ought also to speak somewhat of that Matter which keeps them moist,Humours. and here may we offer, that as touching the Humours by which all the Muscular Fibres, Fleshes, Tendons and Membranes are besprinkled and filled, and so hereby seen as it were to run into tumefaction, these are generally reckoned two, (vid.) Blood and Nervous Juyce; As to the first, this is allowed to tinge and wash over all the Fleshy Fibres, and those parts to which they are interwoven, and their Membranes, and to soften them with manifest sense; Thus if Spirit of Wine tinged with Ink,Obs. be injected into an Artery reaching a Muscle, the Vein being tied up, you will find all the Superficies of the Fleshy Fibres, and of its transverse Fibrilla's to be covered with blackness, yet will you see its Tendons scarcely concerned with any change of colour, these only irrigating the Fleshy parts, and those chiefly which are most exteriour. How much these Humours may, and do conduce towards the Animal Faculties and their Exercise is easily made out: for without this Nervous Liquor, the Animal Spirits would have no proper consistence granted them, and their chief dependance is from their Crasis; Hence therefore according to Steno, a perpetual Afflux of Blood is plainly requisite, for as he observes, in a living Dog, the descendent Trunck of the Aorta or great Artery being tied up without any incision, the voluntary motion of all the back parts do cease, so oft as it was tied up, and that the motion renewed so oft as it was relaxed.

[Page] Now when the Muscle is contracted, Vivisection doth only declare the Fleshy Fibres to attain the only motion, as being more tumefied, asperate, and abbreviated, the Muscle swelling and enlarging in tis belly, and the inward Tendons as being of themselves immovable, being neither changed in length or thickness, only drawn up by their Fleshy Fibres; whence may be collected, that the Animal Spirits, when they perfect any Muscular motion, they do generally perform this between the Fleshy Fibres. Now shall we disclose some difficulties which do and may arise as Knotty Disputes about Muscular Dissection, and Muscular Motion, and how these Spirits do operate so tacitely without any incitement thereto; How they fill these Fleshy Fibres, and so seeming to shorten their Tendinous Fibres, for the producing of which effects, the plenty of these Spirits arising from these Tendinous Fibres, are not altogether sufficient for performing and managing this, and therefore do require others as its adjutants or assistants to promote and further the same in its design, both in occasioning mutual Rarefaction, and Tumefaction, or suddain Inflation of those Bodies which do occasion this Abbreviation.

That the Fleshy Membrane of the Muscle doth tumefie when its contracted, is without all doubt, and beyond all dispute, for this is apparent enough to sight and touch in Vivisection; all the Fleshy Fibres being corrugated together, and are more tumefied, and do appear more asperate, hence cometh its abbreviation; the Muscle appearing both more thick and more broad, hence therefore may we justly conclude, that Muscular Motion in general may probably be granted; As that the Animal Spirits being derived from the Brain by the conduct of the Nerves, and thence conveyed into the body of every Muscle, and from hence by commerce do pass to the [Page] [...] [Page] [...] [Page] Tendinous Fibres, and do at length get quarter there, and entertainment, as in other Promptuaries or Mansions, the which Spirits being in their nature very active, so fast as their vigour will permit them, they do expand themselves, and penetrate into the Fleshy Fibres: and continuing this their course, they at length do arrive at the Tendons, and having once entred them, they do therein proceed in the same method: and that the Animal Spirits flowing from the Tendinous Fibres, do equally pass under the Fleshy Fibres, is very apparent; in that it is granted that in every Muscle there is allowed two Tendons, whose opposite Angles are so framed, that these Animal Spirits running from a double top do fill the whole Body of the Muscle; and the motion hence taking its Origination, doth very speedily receed, if the contraction ought to be made indifferently towards the middle Fleshy parts: the Tendons are generally equal, but the motion most inclinable towards one part of the Flesh: and hence may we collect, the regular, or irregular motions of a Muscle, every regular or irregular motion hereof granted to arise from either the Cerebrum or Cerebellum, it being thence dispatcht by the Nerves, and so sent into the Muscles, the effects and consequences whereof do evidently evince and demonstrate. Thus have I a little presumed to enlarge upon the Readers Epistle, as touching the use and benefit of the Muscles, wherein also I have introduced somewhat of Muscular Motion according to Steno, and have the rather chosen to enlarge the Discourse here, the Body of the Treatise being wholly intended to appear Publick and Concise, without any Flourishes or empty Enlargements of Discourses or Controversies.

[Page] Peruse therefore this ensuing Discourse with a Candid Interpretation, and pass by all the Literal Elapses you may meet with, and accept these with that Amicable Mind, as they are Dedicated and intended by,

From my House at the Chirurgeons-Arms at Charing-Cross, London.

John Browne.

The Names of the Subscribers.

[Page]

A.

| l. | s. | d.
CHristopher Duke of Albemarle | 02 | 03 | 00
Henry Earl of Arlington Lord Chamberlain of His Majesties Houshold | 01 | 01 | 06
Henry Earl of Arundel | 02 | 03 | 00
Henry Earl of St. Albans | 01 | 01 | 06
Robert Earl of Alisbury | 00 | 10 | 00
Thomas Allen M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Adam Angus M. A. | 01 | 01 | 00
Richard Adams M. B. | 00 | 10 | 00
George Aldebar M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
Thomas Allen Gent. | 01 | 00 | 00
John Anderson Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00

B.

William Earl of Bedford | 01 | 01 | 06
John Earl of Bath | 01 | 01 | 06
Charles Beauclear Earl of Burford | 05 | 00 | 00
George Lord Berkley | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir John Baber | 01 | 01 | 06
Sir Nicholas Bacon | 01 | 00 | 00
Sir Edward Ba [...]sh | 0 | 01 | 06
William Bell D. D. His Majesties Chaplain | 00 | 10 | 00
John Butler D. D. Prebend of Windsor | 00 | 10 | 00
Francis Bridge D. D. His Majesties Chaplain | 00 | 10 | 00
Robert Brady M. D and Regius Professor of Physick at Cambridge for himself and Caius-College | 01 | 00 | 00
Samuel Blyth D. D. for Clare-Hall | 00 | 10 | 00
Peirce Brackenbury M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
S [...]muel B [...]k M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Batly M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
Thomas Bambrig M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
Joshua Barnes M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
Arthur Bury D. D. at Oxon | 00 | 10 | 00
John Bainbrigg Gent. at Oxon | 0 | 10 | 00
Procter Balch of Wadham-Colledge | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir Tho. Browne of Norwich M. D. | 01 | 00 | 00
Peter Barwick M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Edward Browne M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
William Briggs M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Robert [...]oyle Esq. | 01 | 00 | 00
William Brigdman Esq. | 01 | 00 | 00
James Beverly Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
Henry Bedingfield Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
James Bagnal Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
John Brown Cler. Parliamentor. Esq | 01 | 00 | 00
Philip Browne Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00

C.

William Lord Archbishop of Canterbury | 01 | 00 | 00
Henry Earl of Clarendon | 01 | 01 | 06
John Lord Bishop of Chester | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Lord Cromwel Earl of Ardglass | 01 | 01 | 06
Benjamin Calamy D. D. His Majejesties Chaplain | 00 | 10 | 00
John Clerke D. D. for himself and Colledge | 01 | 00 | 00
Ralph Cudworth D. D. for Corpus Christi-Colledge. | 00 | 10 | 00
William Cooke D. D. for himself and Jesus-Colledge | 01 | 00 | 00
Thomas Coxe M. D. | 01 | 00 | 00
Samuel Collins M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Andrew Clench M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Clerke M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Hugh Chamberlain M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Richard Colinge Esq | 01 | 00 | 00
John Cooke Esq | 01 | 00 | 00
John Cresset Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
William Chapman Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
Thomas Coxe Esq | 01 | 00 | 00
Benjamin Colinge Gent. | 01 | 00 | 00
Charles Chapman Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
James Cooke Gent. | 01 | 00 | 00
John Clerke Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
Nathaniel Coxe Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00

D.

William Earl of Denbigh | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Earl of Danby | 01 | 00 | 00
Sir Edward Deering | 00 | 10 | 00
Edward Dickinson M. D. Physician to His Majesties Houshold | 01 | 01 | 06
John Downs M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Robert Davy Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
Richard Dalton Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
Thomas Dunckley Gent | 00 | 10 | 00
Peter Dearines Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
Walter Drury Apothecary | 02 | 00 | 00
George Deare Apothecary | 00 | 10 | 00
Peter Dent M. B. | 00 | 10 | 00

E.

Arthur Earl of Essex | 01 | 01 | 06
Tho. Lord Howard of Eschrick | 00 | 10 | 00
Peter Lord Bishop of Ely | 00 | 10 | 00
Peter Elliot M. D. at Oxon | 00 | 10 | 00
John Eachard D. D. for himself and Catherine-Hall in Cambridge | 01 | 00 | 00
Samuel Elmore Chir. | 01 | 01 | 06

F.

Lewis Lord Duras Earl of Feversham | 01 | 01 | 06
Robert Lord Ferrers | 00 | 10 | 00
Ralph Flyer M. D. at Cambridge | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir Alexander Frasier M. D. Def. | 00 | 10 | 00
Phineas Fowke M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Thomas Fetherstonhalg Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
Martine Folke Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
James Fraser Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Feild Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Francklin Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Fage Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00

G.

Henry Duke of Grafton | 02 | 03 | 00
John Goad D. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
William Gibbons M. D. at Oxon | 01 | 00 | 00
Humphrey Gower D. D. Vice Chancellor of Cambridge, for himself and St. John's-Colledge | 01 | 00 | 00
John Gostlin M. D. at Cambridge | 00 | 10 | 00
Charles Goodall M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Christopher Green M. B. | 00 | 10 | 00
William Gold M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Gadbury Student in Astrology | 00 | 10 | 00
Peter Gilsthorp Apothecary | 00 | 10 | 00
Allen Gyles Apothecary | 00 | 10 | 00
Richard Green Bookseller, for six Books in Quires. | 02 | 05 | 00

H.

George Viscount Hallifax | 01 | 01 | 06
Sir Philip Howard | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir John Hobart | 01 | 01 | 06
Sir Michael Hickes | 00 | 10 | 00
William Holder D. D. Subdean to His Majesties Chappel | 00 | 10 | 00
Dr. Hascard D. D. Chaplain to His Majesty | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Holbeck D. D. for Emanuel-Colledge Camb. | 00 | 10 | 00
Edward Hulse M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Peter Hume Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Hollyer Gent. for two Books | 02 | 00 | 00
Tho. Hollyer Chirurgeon of His Majesties Hospitals | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Harper Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00
Henry Hern Apothecary | 00 | 10 | 00

I.

Sir William Jennings | 00 | 10 | 00
William Jane D. D. and Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxon | 00 | 10 | 00
Gilbert Ironsides D. D. President | 00 | 10 | 00
Charles James M. A. | 01 | 00 | 00
Henry James D. D. for Queens-Colledge at Cambridge | 00 | 10 | 00
James Jackson M. D. at Camb. | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Jamson Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
Gabriel Jones Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00

K.

Anthony Earl of Kent | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir John Kirke | 01 | 00 | 00
Edmund King M. D. Physician in Ordinary to His Majesty | 01 | 00 | 00
John Knight M. D. Principal Chir. to his Majesty def. | 01 | 00 | 00

L.

Henry Lord Bishop of London | 00 | 10 | 00
Henry Lord Bishop of Lincoln | 00 | 10 | 00
Aunger Lord Longford | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir Peter Lely def. | 01 | 00 | 00
John Lamphire M. D. History Professor at Oxon | 00 | 10 | 00
John Luff M. D. Regius Professor of Physick at Oxon | 00 | 10 | 00
William Levenz M. D. President of St. John's-Colledge, Oxon, for himself and Colledge | 01 | 00 | 00
John Ludwell M. D. at Oxon. | 00 | 10 | 00
Richard Lydall M. D. at Oxon | 00 | 10 | 00
John Lawson M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Christopher Ludkin M. B. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Leeger Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Langham Apoth. | 00 | 10 | 00

M.

James Duke of Monmouth | 02 | 03 | 00
Tho. Lord Morely and Mounteagle | 01 | 01 | 06
John Montague D. D. Clerk of His Majesties Closet | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Marshall D. D. His Majesties Chaplain | 00 | 10 | 00
Henry More D. D. at Cambridge | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir John Micklethwait M. D. President of the Colledge in London | 01 | 00 | 00
Sir Thomas Millington M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Ferdinand Mendez M. D. Physician to the Queen | 00 | 10 | 00
George More Esq. | 01 | 00 | 00
John Malyverer M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
Richard Mill [...]s Chir. R. | 00 | 10 | 00
Martine Mey Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00
Nicholas Mosely Apoth. | 00 | 10 | 00

N.

Henry Duke of Newcastle | 01 | 01 | 06
George Earl of Northumberland | 02 | 03 | 00
James Lord Norries | 01 | 01 | 06
Walter Needham M. D. | 01 | 00 | 00
Tho. Newcombe Junior | 01 | 00 | 00
John Northleigh Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00

O.

Aubery Earl of Oxford | 01 | 01 | 06
John Lord Bishop of Oxford | 00 | 10 | 00
George Oliver M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00

P.

William Lord Paston | 01 | 01 | 06
Sir John Petcus | 01 | 01 | 06
Simon Patrick D. D. His Majesties Chaplain | 00 | 10 | 00
John Price D. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Robert Pepper D. L. L. Chancellor of Norwich | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir Tho. Page Provost of King's-Colledge in Cambridge | 00 | 10 | 00
John Peachel D. D. for himself and Magdalen-Colledge, Camb. | 01 | 00 | 00
For Pembroke-Hall | 00 | 10 | 00
Henry Paman M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Robert Pitt M. D. Anatomy Professor | 00 | 10 | 00
Jos. Pullein S. T. B. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Packer M. B. | 00 | 10 | 00
George Payne of Clare-Hall Oxon | 00 | 10 | 00
Robert Paston Esq | 00 | 15 | 00
Roger Pope Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
William Prince Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
George Perin Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
Robert Power Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
James Pearse Esq Chirurgeon to the King's Person | 01 | 00 | 00
William Pearse Chirurgeon to His Majesties Hospitals | 00 | 10 | 00
John Partridge Student in Astrology | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Prescott Apothecary | 00 | 10 | 00

Q.

Gabriel Quadring M. A.
00
10
00

R.

High Highness Prince Rupert | 05 | 00 | 00
Charles Duke of Richmond | 02 | 03 | 00
Thomas Earl Rivers | 01 | 01 | 06
John Ratcliff M. D. | 00 | 10 | 06
John Rudston B. L. L. | 00 | 10 | 00
William Rowley Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
William Rowe Apothecary | 01 | 00 | 00
William Rapier Apoth. | 00 | 10 | 00

S.

Tho. Earl of Sunderland | 01 | 01 | 06
Anthony Earl of Shaftsbery | 01 | 00 | 00
Seth Lord Bishop of Salisbury | 00 | 10 | 00
George Stradling D. D. His Majesties Chaplain | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Spratt D. D. His Majesties Chaplain | 00 | 10 | 00
John Sewmears D. D. Dean of Gernesy | 00 | 10 | 00
Gregory Scott D. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir Tho. Sclater M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
For Sydney-Colledge Camb. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Spencer D. D. for Corpus-Christi-Colledge Camb. | 00 | 10 | 00
Sir Charles Scarborough M. D. Principal Physitian to the King. | 00 | 10 | 00
Nicholas Staphurst M. B. | 00 | 10 | 00
Francis Smith M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
Mr. Sagittary M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
Bevill Skelton Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
Henry Street Gent. | 01 | 00 | 00
Edward Syston Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
Edward Snape Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
Samuel Staynes Gent. | 01 | 00 | 00
Tho. Sydny Gent | 00 | 10 | 00
Daniel Sneaton Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00
Henry Staff Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00
Zacha [...]iah Skillearn Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00

T.

Sir Richard Tufton | 00 | 10 | 00
Tho. Tenison D. D. His Majesties Chaplain | 00 | 10 | 00
Dr. Thi [...]ethlethwait D. D. His Majesties Chaplain | 00 | 10 | 00
George Thorp D. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Edward Tys [...]n M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Samuel Tryon Esq | 00 | 15 | 00
John Topham Esq | 01 | 00 | 00
William Tovey Gent. | 01 | 00 | 00
Edmund Themylthorp Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
Mr. Tyndall M. B. | 00 | 10 | 00
Edmund Theorold Chir. Master of the Company | 01 | 00 | 00

V.

Philip Vendosme Grand Prior of France
02
03
00

W.

Henry Lord Marquess of Worcester | 01 | 01 | 06
Edward Lord W [...]rd | 00 | 10 | 00
Dr. Wallis D. D. Geometry Professor at Oxon | 00 | 10 | 00
Thomas Witherly M. D. and Physician to the Kings Person | 00 | 10 | 00
Daniel Whystler M. D. | 00 | 10 | 00
Edward Wa [...]ner M. D. Physitian to the King | 00 | 10 | 00
Robert Werden Esq | 01 | 00 | 00
John Wynyard Esq | 01 | 00 | 00
John West Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
William Williams Esq | 00 | 10 | 00
John Walker Junior Gent. | 01 | 00 | 00
Powel Williams Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
Hugh Willoughby M. A. | 00 | 10 | 00
Owen Wynne Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
Richard Warr Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
Sackvil Whittle Reg. Chir. def. | 01 | 00 | 00
Jaques Wiseman Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00
Doughty Wormell Chir. | 0 [...] | 10 | 00
Josias Westwood Chir. | 00 | 10 | 00

Y.

Thomas Yates Gent. President of Brason-Nose-Colledge Oxon. | 00 | 10 | 00
Robert Yard Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00
John Young Gent. | 00 | 10 | 00

This Table sheweth the Names of the Muscles, as they do arise in Dissection.

[Page]

OBliquus Descendens

Obliquus Ascendens

Rectus

Piramidilis

Transversus

Frontlais

Aperiens Palpebram Rectus

Claudens oculum superior

Claudens oculum inferior

Recti Quatuor Oculi

Obliquus Primus Oculi

Obliquus Secundus Oculi

Attollens Aurem

Detrahens Aurem

Adducens Aurem

Abducens Aurem

Externus Tympani Auris

Internus Tympani Auris.

Abducens Nasi alas

Attollens Nasi alas

Claudens nasum externus

Claildens nasum internus

Communis Claudens Alas

Zygomaticus-Riolani

Abducens [...]abios

Deprimens Labii inferius

Constringens Labios

Platysma Myodes sive Quadratus

Buccinator

Massetter sive Mansorius

Temporalis seu Crotaphites

Mastoideus

Biventer sive Digastricus

Coracohyoideus

Sternohyoideus

Sternothyroideus

Hyothyroideus

Styloceratohyoideus

Pterygopalatinus

Spheno-palatinus

Mylohyoideus Riolani

Geniohyoideus

Miloglossus

Ceratoglossus

Genioglossus

Hypsiloglossus

Styloglossus

Lingualis

Cricothyroideus anticus

Aesophigaeus seu Sphincter Gulae

Stylopharyngaeus

Cephalopharyngaeus

Cricoarytenoideus Posticus

Cricoarytenoideus Lateralis

Arytenoideus

Thyroarytaenoidus

Sphaenopharyngaeus Primus

Sphaenopharyngaeus Secundus

Pterygoideus Externus

Pterygoideus Internus

Longus

Scalenus seu Triangularis

Pectoralis

Subclavius

Serratus major Anticus

Serratus minor Anticus

Intercostales Externi

Intercostales Interni

Cremasteres

Erector sive Director Penis

Accelerator Penis

Musculi Clitoridis

Levatores Ani

Sphincter Ani

[Page] Sphincter Vesicae

Detrusor Ʋrinae

Diaphragma.

Here let the Body be turned upon the Face.

Cucullaris sive Trapezius

Latissimus Dorsi

Rhomboides

Levator Patientiae

Rotundus Major

Superscapularis Superior

Superscapularis Inferior

Nonus humeri Placentini sive Rotundus Minor

Subscapularis

If you intend to take off the whole Arm with the Scapula, the Dissection of these following Muscles will with more ease be performed.

Deltois

Biceps

Octavus humeri Placentini sive Coracobrachialis

Brachiaeus Internus

Gemellus Major

Gemellus Minor

Anconaeus

Palmaris

Caro Musculosa Quadrata

Flexor Carpi Interior seu Ulnaris

Flexor Carpi Exterior sive Radialis

Flexor Secundi Internodii Perforatus

Flexor Tertii Internodii Perforans

Flexor Tertii Internodii Pollicis

Pronator Radii Teres

Pronator Quadratus

Flexores Primi Internodii Digitorum

Flexor Primus, Primi Internodii Pollicis

Flexor ejusdem Secundus

Flexor Secundi Internodii Pollicis

Primus

Secundus

Tertius

Quartus

Minimi Digiti abductor

Pollicis abudctor

Pollicis adductor

Interossei

Extensor Carpi Exterior

Extensor Secundi & Tertii Internodii Digitorum

Supinator Radii Longus

Extensor Pollicis ossis Tertii

Extensor Secundi & Tertii Pollicis

Abducens Indicem

Supinator Radii Brevis

Primi Internodii Extensores.

Here you return to the Body it self as it lies

Serratus Posticus Superior

Serratus Posticus Inferior

Splenius sive Triangularis.

Trigeminus

Transversalis

Spinatus

Recti Majores

Recti Minores

Obliqui Superiores

Obliqui Inferiores

Longissimus Dorsi

Sacrolumbus

Cervicalis descendens

Sacer

[Page] Semispinatus

Quadratus

Psoas

Psoas Parvus

If you please to take off the Thigh from the Trunck of the Body, by dividing the Os Ileon from the Os Sacrum, the dissection of the subsequent Muscles will the better be performed.

Iliacus Internus

Glutaeus Major

Glutaeus Minor

Glutaeus Medius

Piriformis sive Iliacus Externus

Obturator Internus

Quadrigeminus

Obtuator Externus

Membranosus

Sartorius

Gracilis

Rectus

Vastus Externus

Vastus Internus

Biceps

Semimembranosus

Seminervosus

Triceps

Lividus

Gasterocnemius Externus

Plantaris

Gasterocnemius Internus

Subpopliteus

Flexor Tertii Internodii Perforans.

Tibiaeus posticus

Flexor pollicis

Flexor Secundi Internodii Perforatus.

Adducens Pollicem

Abducens minimum Digitorum

Transversalis Placentini

Tibiaeus Anticus

Peroneus Primus

Peroneus Secundus

Extensor Pollicis

Extensor Tertii Inte nodii Digitorum

Extensor Secundi Internodii Digitorum

Interossei.

The Names of the Authors concerned in this Muscular Discourse.

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THomas Bartholinus

Casper Bauhinus

Albertus Columbus

Bartholomeus Cabroules

Isbrandus Diemerbroeck

Galen

Regnerus de Graaf

Hipp crates

Andreas Laurentius

Julius Casserius Placentinus

Johannes Riolanus

Daniel Sennertus

Adrianus Spigelius

Joannes Valverdus

Andreas Vesalius

Joannes Veslingius

Vidus Vidii

§

§

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Obliquus Descendens.

THis first pair of Muscles with which Nature hath covered the Abdomen,This doth laterally compress the Abdomen. as a Vail, are endowed with oblique Fibres, and by reason of their descent, they have this name bestowed upon them. They do arise from the lower parts of the 6th. 7th. 8th. and 9th. Ribs indented; or indenting themselves with Serratus Major Anticus; as also Membranous from the transverse processes of the Vertebres of the Loyns, and part of the Os Ileon, and then passing to the Linea Alba, and Os Pubis, by a broad Nervous Tendon marches into the middle of the Abdomen; (its very hard to separate this Muscle from its subjacent Tendon without laceration) it adhering so closely to it.Obs. This Tendon with its next neighbour being either lacerated or dilated, and the Omentum or Intestines hereby making a prolapsion either into the Inguen or Scrotum, does occasion either an Hernia Omentalis, or Intestinalis. To dissect this Muscle exactly, you must divide the Latissimus from him very low, so as that you may attain his Lumbal Origination the better.

The chief use of this Muscle,Its use. as Columbus and Laurentius do affirm, is to contract the Thorax, as sometimes upwards, hereby assisting Respiration. Laurentius's observation of these Muscles is worth note; when he writes that these Abdominal Muscles are quite contrary to the other Muscles of the Body, these being crooked before they do Operate, and do turn inward in their Operations, hereby with much facility compressing the inward Cavities; the which, by reason of the laxness of the lower Belly, and its yielding to vacuity, it frames a Contention inward,Obs. and a Remission outwards. Another Observation may be,☞ that these Muscles do bind the Intestines in oblique descending Angles.

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The Explanation of the First Table.

B Part of the Muscle called Ani-scalptor.

D. Musculus Pectoralis in situ.

C. Serratus Major Anticus.

G. G. I. I. K. K K. Musculus obliquus descendens.

G. G. Shews the Fleshy part of this Muscle.

a.a.a.a. Shews its Connexion with Serratus Major.

l. l. Shews another part of the same Muscle.

K. K. K. Shews another Fleshy part of this Muscle, with its Tendon and where it begins, and how it is expanded into the Linea alba.

V. V. Shews the Semilunary Line.

L. L. L. The Tendon of the Oblique descendent Muscle running over the right Muscles of the Abdomen to the Linea alba.

M. M. M. The White Line into which this Tendon is inserted.

N. N. N. The Intersections of the Right Muscles.

P. P. The Spine of the Os Ileon.

Q. Q. Some heads of the Muscles moving the Thigh.

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TAB. 1.

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Obliquus Ascendens.

THis is immediately substrated to the former,This doth help the former in its Compression. and is furnished with Ascendent Fibres, it ariseth fleshy from the Appendix of the Os Ileon, and Membranous from the processes of the same Vertebres as the former; and so ascending into the 11th. and 12th. Ribs with a fleshy Margent, then extending himself into a large double Tendon in which the Rectus is conveyed, proceeds to the Linea alba, and Semilunary Line,Obs. and is implanted into the 9th. 10th. 11th. and 12th. Ribs. Observe that this Muscle is best rais'd by finding the Nerve that runs between this and the Transverse at his Origination from Os Ileon.

The chief use and action of this Muscle as Columbus doth offer,Its use. is, That these working together, they do detract the Muscles of the Thorax. Nature planting here a Series of Fibres contrary to the former, and these being by her thus made for a stronger Compressions.

Moreover as I humbly conceive,Obs. that this Oblique ascending Muscle is obliquely perforated near the Os Pubis, ☞ by the Cremasters and the Spermatick Veins and Arteries a little above the perforation of the Oblique descending Muscles; so that these Oblique ascending Muscles lodging just under the former, do run counter with them in their Fibres, and do keep them in Oblique ascending Angles.

Moreover, that whereas the various Muscles of the Abdomen several ways contracting themselves inwards, do force the Excrement downwards, and at the same time do reduce both the Ventricle and Intestines into their proper places, and are Antagonists to the Diaphragma, because in its motion in order to enlarge the capacity of the Thorax to give reception to the Lungs tumefied with Air, the Diaphragma is brought towards a plain, and doth thereby both press the Stomach and Intestines downwards, by which, the motion of the Chyle is gently sollicited into the Ductus chiliferus. And when the Diaphragma hath done playing, these Abdominal Muscles do act their parts, by relaxing the Diaphragma, and bringing it into an Arch, the Belly growing lank, and the Intestines and Stomach being forc't inwards, and upwards, by the contraction of the Abdominal Muscles.

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The Explanation of the Second Table.

A A. Obliquus Descendens, laid bare.

B. B. B. The bodies of the Ribs.

9. 10. 11. The lower Ribs.

a a. a. Shews the Tendinous Membrane of the Oblique descendent Muscle.

B. B. Obliquus ascendens, in situ, shewing its Ascendent Fibres.

C. C. C. Linea Semilunaris.

i. i. i. i. Recti Musculi, Transparent under the Tendons of the Oblique ascendent Muscle.

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TAB. II

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Rectus.

THis third pair are cloathed with Right Fibres,This Muscle brings the Belly forwards. being made very strong, and well lin'd with Flesh: They do arise from the Os Pubis, and running according to the length of the Body, are inserted into the sides of the Sternon, where the last true Ribs have their Cartilages. The Insertions hereof are various, for sometimes there is seen three, sometimes four, and sometimes three and a half; sometimes all above, sometimes some below; as also the Anastomosis, of the Mamillary Vessels external, and Epigastrick internal, always found in Women, rarely in Men; as also the multitude of Nerves sent to the Perigraphs is very observable, for if you find four Perigraphs, you will find no Pyramidal Muscles.

These Muscles are allowed to be of great use;Ʋse. some Authors affirming that they do abduce the Penis from the Ribs. And when we do arise out of our Beds, these Muscles do seem to tumefie and fill outwards; others do declare, that these do inflex the Thorax, and do draw the Brest to the Os Pubis, and the Os Pubis to the Thorax, and that out of their Contraction, there is seen two various Motions performed.

But I humbly conceive that these Muscles taking their Origination from the Os Pubis and Sternon, ☞ and inserting themselves into the Linea alba, and running all down in length through the middle of the Abdomen, do in their Contraction press the Insertions inwards, and do assist the Peristaltick motion in the exclusion of grosser Excrements.

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The Explanation of the Third Table.

A A. The Cutis with the Fat laid bare.

D.D.D.D. The Right Muscles of the Abdomen.

e.e.e.e. The Intersections of these Muscles.

i i. The Pyramidal Muscles.

L.L. The Oblique Ascendant Muscles in site.

M M. That part of the Tendon of the Oblique Ascendant Muscle which covers the Right Muscle.

P.P. The Intercostal Muscles.

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TAB III

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Pyramidalis or Succenturiatus.

THis Muscle hath its name from its make,This presseth the Abdomen downwards. and resemblance it carries with a Pyramidal Figure. It ariseth from the external part of the Os Pubis broad and fleshy, and running somewhat below the Rectus, is inserted by a long and round Tendon into the Linea alba. These Muscles are seen sometimes to be wanting in such Persons as have the Origination of the Ascendent Muscle not from the Ileon, but from the strong Ligament which runneth from the Spine up to the Os Pubis, internally: and have four Perigraphs in the Rectus.

Vesalius, Adernaus, and Columbus do all describe them (though badly) to arise from the beginning of the Right Muscles; But that these are distinct Muscles are evidently apparent.

Fallopius the Inventer of them,Their Ʋse. doth ascribe the action of Compression to them; and that they do promote the Excretion of Urine, this also he doth affirm. Laurentius does observe, that if one of these Muscles doth work alone, it draws the Linea alba obliquely downwards; if they do work together, they do work it directly downwards, and do hereby compress part of the Inguen and the Bladder, when we at leisure do discharge our Urine. Columbus will have these Muscles somewhat to add to the Erection of the Penis, but his Opinion is much contradicted by Flud from their Situation: for they cannot reasonably be allowed to serve for this use, because they do in no measure reach this part, and are also apparent in Women.

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The Explanation of the Fourth Table.

A Shews the Muscle Obliquus Ascendens

B B. Demonstrates its Tendon.

C.C.C.C. The Right Muscle of the Left Side, shewing the Tendons Duplicature.

K.K.K.K. The same Muscle of the Right Side.

d. The Transverse Muscle of the Abdomen.

e.e. The Pyramidal Muscles.

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TAB. IV.

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Transversus.

THis fifth Muscle firmly annexed to the adjacent Peritonaeum is framed of Transverse Fibres,This brings the Abdomen inwards. it ariseth from the Transverse processes of the Loyns and the Os Ileon, and the Cartilaginous inward part of the lower Ribs with a Nervous Membrane, from the same Ligament as the former; as also with a Fleshy Origination from the inward part of the Spurious Ribs, and Terminates in a broad Tendon at the Semilunary Membranes, the Linea alba, and so down to the Os Pubis; he adheres firmly to the adjacent Peritonaeum in a manner all along, save only in the Pubes, where he divides himself. Bartholinus declares, that its chief use is to Compress the Colon. Its generally agreed by all Anatomists, that these Muscles do serve for bringing the Abdomen inwards; the which action is very necessary in the Contraction of the lower Belly. Spigelius allows it another action, which is, that it moves the Thorax Circularly to the Sides, hereby promoting and cherishing the Native Heat; These Muscles also being of a moderate thickness, do serve as a defence and covering to the subjacent Parts

This Transverse Muscle is obliquetly perforated a little above the Oblique ascending Muscle,O [...]s: ☞ by the Cremasters, and Spermatick Veins and Arteries; so that the perforations of the Oblique Descending, and Ascending Muscles of the Abdomen being framed one above another, not in streight but in bevil Lines, do intercept the passage of the Intestines falling into the Scrotum. These Transverse Muscles running the breadth of the Abdomen cross-ways, do run counter to the Fibres of the Right Muscles, which binds in the Intestines crossing the length of the Abdomen downwards long-ways, as the Fibres of the Transverse Muscles running overthwart, do in their Right Angles secure the Intestines in their actions broad ways, and cross the Abdomen.

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The Explanation of the Fifth Table.

A A. The Inward face of the Right Muscles.

B.B. Another of the same cut in pieces.

e.e. The Pyramidal Muscles laid bare.

F.F. The whole Muscle, Tranversalis in situ.

e.e. Shews its first beginning.

G.G.G. Nerves sent to this Muscle from the Spinal Marrow.

A.A.A.A. Branches of Veins and Arteries of the Eight Muscle, transmitted into this Muscles.

1. 1. 1. The same Muscle laid bare.

h. Shews its Tendon laid bare also.

K.K.K. Part of the Peritonaeum to which part of this Muscle doth closely adhere.

L. The Navel.

O.O O. The Intercostal Muscles.

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TAB. V.

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Frontalis.

HAving cleared all the Abdominal Muscles,This Muscle doth lift up the Forehead. which in necessity did require the first use of the Knife: we next come to those parts which in order of Dignity do deserve our Inspection; And here begin we with Frontalis, which Muscle doth act variety of postures in Human Bodies, and hereby are excellently delineated the Pictures of Sadness, Joy, Sorrow, and Mirth, these being the Passions of the Mind, and are by this Muscle extreamly well Decyphered. This Muscle ariseth from the most elated part of the Forehead, where the Hair ends near the Temporal Muscle, and where the Carnous Membrane adheres most firmly to the Cranium, and running right down, is inserted into the Skin which covers the Eyes, and into the Eyebrows; In raising this from the Cranium, you will find Nerves sent from the Cranium to him.

This being raised up,Ʋse and Caution. it opens the Eye with it: its framed of Right Fibres, and therefore lies as a good Caution for every young Chyrurgeon that he makes no transverse Incision here, lest by neglect thereof, he purchase the utter downfall of the upper Eyelid. To this Muscle by late Anatomists are added the two Occipitales which do arise from the middle of the Occiput,Ʋse ☞ and passing by the Muscles of the Ears, tends to the aforesaid Musculus Frontalis: though these do not appear so well in all Subjects, yet they do counterpoise in some measure. The proper use of these is to draw the Skin backward, and to keep the Forehead streight and smooth, that so it may not be too subject to Wrinkles, by the frequent action of the former.

This Muscle you have very well described at Tab. 6. Fig. 1. at A. A. at Tab. 7. Fig. 3.

1. At A. Shewing the same in situ.

a a. Shewing its beginning.

V. V. Its Termination.

A. At Fig. 2. The same Table shews same Muscle.

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Aperiens Palpebram Rectus.

THere are two Eyelids belonging to either Eye,This lifts up the upper Eyelid. the upper of which is moved upwards and downwards, both for the opening and shutting of the same; the first de [...]gned for Sight, and the second appointed for maintaining is Vigour. This Muscle ariseth from the upper Orbite of the Eye, near its Elevator, where the Optick Nerve hath its transmission: arising with a thin and fleshy beginning, and is expanded with a broad and thin Tendon into the Margent of the Palpebra, and taking the same up, doth open the Eye; this is not to be shewn but with the other Muscles of the Eye after it is taken from the Cranium.O [...]s. This Muscle of the next following, have their distinct Originations and Insertions, although their Muscular Fibres do seem to unite, which hath [...]ade some Physicians conclude them to be both but one Muscle; the which on the contrary by acurate Demonstration; is shewn that they have two distinct Nerves taken into two distinct places; for the upper takes a small Nerve from that Motion which arises out through the Cavity of the upper Orbite, the lower assuming its small Nerves from that which it produceth through the Cavity of the lower part of the Orbite, the which Physicians have observed in a Cymical Spasm of the Face: wherein the lower Eyelid is seen to appear as it were immoveable, convel'd and drawn downwards, whilst the upper doth move Naturally; The which could not succeed if they both should be moved by one Muscle.

This Muscle you have very well explained at Tab. 7. Fig. 1. at B. C. and at Tab. 6. Fig. 2. at I. I.

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Claudens seu Semicircularis superior Deprimens.

THis ariseth with a sharp beginning from the inward Angle of the Eye,This shuts the Eye. and from part of the Eyebrow near the Nose, and so falls somewhat transverse towards the Exteriour part of the Eye, becoming fleshy, and so broad, as that he possesseth the whole space between the Eyebrow and the Cartilage out of which the Hairs of the Eyebrow do grow, and is inserted into the Angle of the Eye.

Julius Casserius, Ʋse. Sect. 1. de Organ. cap. 8. doth describe these Indications drawn from the Palpebra, as that such as have their upper Eyelids elated, to be Proud and Fierce; those who have them deprest, to have their Eyes as it were half shut, these generally accounted to be of a mild and humble Nature and Disposition.

This Muscle you have described at Tab. 6. Fig. 2. at I. I. at B. B. Fig. 1. at the same Table, and at Tab. 7. Fig. 1. at B. and B. Fig. 2.

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Inferior seu Attollens Semicircularis.

THis ariseth being Membranous and thin from the top of the Nose near the Angle of the lower Eyelid,The nether is lifted up by this. with a sharp point, and carried transverse about the middle of the Lid, becoming fleshy, and is inserted into the same Angle as the other. Amongst Authors there is held a Dispute, whether that these two Muscles be not properly one, and that Orbicularis being so generally received; though the one doth depress, and the other attol or lift up, at the same time to make a perfect close over the Eye.

These Muscles are as Drawbridges for the Eye to open and shut; and as the first doth produce its perfect Sight by being drawn up, so doth the other procure its ready Rest and Quiet by as perfect a closure.

To these Riolanus doth add Musculus Ciliaris, Ʋse. which he would have serve to the more firm closure of the Eyelids; but this depends rather on his Fancy or his Knife, than any Foundation in Nature: nor is there need of such a Muscle, since that Office is sufficiently performed by the two forementioned; if they be not one Orbicular Muscle, as some suppose, and consequently by their Circular Fibres constringe as firmly as a Sphincter does.

Both these you have described at Fig. 1. Tab. 7. at C. and at B. Fig. 2. in the same Table.

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Rectus Oculi Primus Elevator.

THe Curtains of the Eye being drawn,This lifts the Eye upwards we next arrive at the Body of the Eye its self with its Muscles, by which it performeth all its variety of Motions; the truth is, so much hath already been said of these Muscles, as well as of the Coats and Humours which belongeth to the Eye, that its lost time to trouble you with Repetition thereof; this only I shall offer, that this fine Globulous Body ought to have so many Muscles as it enjoys, to make it hang so perpendicularly in the Orbite of its Bone, and be so well ballanc'd, as that it may perform every of its Motions with dexterity, and thereby with ease and advantage execute those Offices for which it was at first designed.

This Muscle ariseth from the upper part of the Orbite of the Eye, near where the Optick Nerve comes forth, and is inserted into that Coat of the Eye called Cornea, where it is clear, and near the Iris by a thin and Membranous Tendon.

This Muscle amongst Anatomists is generally accounted the first of the Eye,Ʋse. and is either called Attollens or Superbus, being held the Master of Pride and Disdain; the expressing of which Action occasions the Eye to open. Dr. Willis Fol. 149. de Anima Brutorum, doth attribute this Motion to the Eyelid rather, and by him is called Musculus Humilis, because in a devout and intense Prayer it is much lifted up, and hence is it that we commonly see the Hypocritical Tribe, who do affect a form of Sanctity to lift their Eyes so much up, that scarce any part but the White thereof is seen, the Pupil in these Creatures being so obscured that scarce any part therof is to be seen.

This you have very well delineated at Tab. 6. Fig. 3. at O. O. and at Fig. 5. in the same Table at A.

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Rectus Secundus sive Depressor.

THis is by some Anatomists called the second Muscle of the Eye,This brings the Eye downwards. and is so far from advancing it, that it brings it down; and hence hath it the name of Humilis given it, by some also it is called Deprimens, shewing by its Action and Motion the Index of an humble and submissive Temper and Constitution; it is opposite to the former, and is lesser, arising from the lower opposite part of the same Cavity, and hath its insertions as the former, it brings the Eye towards the Chin;Ʋse. This Muscle you have exactly described in Tab. 6. Fig. 3. at H. and at D. Fig. the 5th. of the same Table.

This Muscle is less than the former,Obs. ☜ which is its Antagonist Muscle, though their powers hereby are not rendred unequal; because there is less force required to depress than to elevate, and therefore we see it happen in like manner in other parts of the Body. And indeed our great Architect has hereby admirably provided for a due balance of the opposite Muscles; for where there is an excess of power or action on either side, we usually see a Spasm succeed: as happens in the following Muscle, (or Adducens) which in Children is so often contracted by a vitious turning their Eye inward upon drinking, or otherwise, that it occasions that deformed Squinting or cast of the Eye, the which on the account of the Pliablenes of the opposite Muscle they are so prone to in their tender years, over what they are in a more confirmed Age.

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Rectus Tertius sive Adducens.

THis third Muscle of the Eye doth arise from the Orbite of the Eye near the Origination of the Elevator,This brings the Eye inwards. subsisting in the inward Angle, drawing the Eye inwards towards the Nose; This Muscle by some Authors is called Bibitorius, and amongst good Fellows great respect is given to this Muscle, bringing their Eye towards their good Liquor; bringing the Eye towards its inward Angle, and making it hereby look somewhat a Squint.Obs. Dr. Willis in his Book De Anima Brutor. cap. 15. de Visu, makes mention of a Young man troubled with the Palsie, who when his other Muscles of his left Eye were relaxed, this Adducens was strongly contracted, and hence his Eye was so distorted, that its Object seemed as it were double, neither could he distinguish any thing very well with it.

This Muscle you have excellently described at Tab. 6. Fig. 2. at G. at Fig. 3. at I. I. in the same Table, and also at Fig. 5. of the same Table at B.

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Rectus Quartus sive Abducens.

THis Muscle by Anatomists is sometimes called Abducens, This brings the Eye outwards. and likewise Indignatorius, from its cross and scornful Effects it carries with it, bringing the Eye outwards. This Muscle ariseth from the External Angle of the Eye, and is inserted as the former: the Eye is drawn inwards by these four working together, and the motion is as it were suspended, which by Physicians is called a Tonick Motion. In Dissection of a Monkey,Obs. all these Muscles perfectly appeared exactly as in a ☜Human Eye: and which is observable in these Creatures distinguishable from all other Bruits, these have no Musculus Suspensorius, or Septimus Brutorum.

This Muscle you have also exactly described at Tab. 6. Fig. 2. at H. and at K. K. Fig. 3. and at C. Fig. 5. of the same Table.

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Obliquus Minor sive Inferior.

THis Muscle ariseth from a Chink which is in the lower part of the Orbite of the Eye,This brings the Eye towards its External Angle. in his Origination Fleshy, small, and not altogether round, and is c [...]rried Obliquely in his whole course, and ascending by degrees to the upper part of the Eye, is there inserted by a short but Nervous Tendon, near the Tendon of the Abducent Muscle; not far off which, the Tendon of the other Oblique Muscle hath also its insertion,Ʋse. and by moving the Eye downwards▪ it doth convert and abduce it towards its External Angle in a rowling manner.

This Muscle also you have described at Tab. 6. Fig. 3. at [...]. and at Fig. 5. at E. in the same Table.

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Obliquus Major vel Superior cum Trochlea.

THis ariseth from the same place with the Abducent, This carries the Eye to its inward Angle. and marcheth in a right Line to the External part of the Internal Angle, where it grows indifferently thick, and is then attenuated and grows round, and goes through a Pulley there designed for it, the which so soon as it hath past it, it, yet so bends its self that it makes the Right Angle of the Eye; and running upwards it begins to grow Oblique, and passing by the Levator is inserted between the Abducent and Oblique Muscles, as is before demonstrated. The Trochlea or Pully is a perforated Cartilage, passing to the Bone of the upper Mandible, near the inward Angle of the Eye; These two Muscles are called Amatorii, or the Lovers Muscles, being as the true Messengers of Affection, by some they are called Circumactores or the Rowling Muscles, for they do much work in Human Body; in Sheep also they are of very great use, being given them as their chief Watchers, or those which do work their Eyes about. The young Chyrurgeon is here cautioned, that in his Curing of Fistula Lachrimalis, Caution. he takes great care of this Muscle. The use of this Muscle is to turn or rowl the Eye inwards towards the inward Angle of the Eye by a Circular Motion,Ʋse. and so to abduce the Pupil from the Nares or Nostrils;Obs. several Fibres do ☜pass from the Periostium, or inward Film of the Orbite to the forementioned Trochlea, and according to some do constitute the Musculus Trochleae, though the use of them seem designed for a steddy fixing the Trochlea, rather than for a Muscular motion.

This Muscle you have also exactly described at Tab. 6. Fig. 2. at D. E. F. D. shewing the Muscle E. the Trochlea, and F. the chord of this Muscle; at Fig. 3. at M. M. you have it, and at E. Fig 5. you have it again very exactly delineated.

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Attollens Aurem.

AS the Eyes are placed in the forepart of the Head as Watchmen to guard the Body,This carries the Ear upwards and forwards. so also hath our wise Creator planted two Ears at the sides thereof for the better perception of Sounds, and a more ready passage to hearing, to the better performance of which there are hereto given variety of Muscles; amongst which, this is reckoned as the first, it arising from the External Termination of the Frontal Muscle, and so being thin and Membranous, is carried over the Temporal Muscle, and is inserted growing narrower into the upper part of the Ear,Ʋse. moving it upwards and forwards

This Muscle you have exactly delineated at Tab. 6. Fig. 4. at H. and at S. Tab. 7. Fig. 1. you have the same again.

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Detrahens Aurem.

THis Muscle ariseth Fleshy,This moves the Ear downwards. broad, and sometimes Fibrous, from the back part of the Head, near the Mamillary process, and so growing narrower in its progress is inserted into the whole Cartilage which encompasseth the Ear; be careful in raising the Cutis lest you take up this Muscle with it, and so loose him; this moves the Ear downwards and forwards, this Muscle is by some allowed as part of Quadratus Buccas De rahens. Ʋse.

This you have shewn you at Tab. 7. Fig. 1. at T. T. T.

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Adducens Aurem ad Anteriora.

THis is a common Muscle,This draws the Ear forwards. being part of that which Spigelius calls Quadratus Buccas Detrahens, and is also allowed as part of that Muscle called Platusma Myodes, from whose insertion you will find a Fleshy and Fibrous Elongation implanted into the Root of the Ear

This Muscle is said to draw the Ear forwards and somewhat upwards. Expect to meet this at Quadratus Buccas Detrahens, Ʋse. as being a part of it.

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Abducens Aurem ad Posteriora.

THis Muscle is planted at the Occiput, This brings the Ear backwards. and ariseth above the Mamillary processes from a Knot of Muscles which belong to the Occiput, with a narrow beginning, and being carried downwards transversely, is inserted with a double and sometimes treble Tendon into the hinder part of the Ear. This Muscle is said to draw the Ear backwards: In Beasts, as in Horses, Oxen, and the like Bruits these Muscles are much more large and apparent, and oft times more numerous, whence it is, that these can move their Ears more powerfully, and act those strong motions with them which we see is customary for them to do.

This you have described at Tab. 6. Fig. 4. at I. I. I.

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Externus Tympani Auris.

THe inward Ear hath two Muscles allowed it,This brings the Tympanum upwards and forwards. found our by the two excellent Anatomists Hieronimus Fabritius de aqua pendente, & Julius Casserius Placentinus, and of these one is planted [...], the other inwards; and from hence they do take the [...] names; this ariseth from the upper and inward passage of [...] Auditory passage with a large Origination, and becoming [...]eshy is inserted externally by a short Tendon into the Tympanum, extending the Membrane with the Malleus upwards and outwards.Ʋse. Spigelius saith it is small and ariseth from the Culis, and that Membrane which covers the Auditory passage.

This Muscle is one of the least in the whole Body, and is to be shown entire with some difficulty; [...] great caution therefore is to be used [...] opening the Os Petrosum, about that part which respects the Temples, whether it be done by the small Chiss [...]l or filing, [...] so the pieces of Bones being taken out by degrees, this Mus [...] may receive no prejudice; the like car [...] is to be observed also in shewing the following Muscle.

This Muscle you have exactly shewn you at Tab. 6. Fig. 6. at A.

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Internus Tympani Auris.

THis Muscle is inwardly planted,This brings it obliquely forwards and somewhat inwards. seated in the Os Petrosum, having its Origination from the Basis of the Os Cuneiforme, and so becoming Fleshy, though thin and small, and having made half his progress, divides himself into two very small and very thin Tendons, the one of which is implanted into the upper process of the Malleus, the other into the Neck thereof, drawing it obliquely forwards, and bringing it somewhat inwards.

These two Muscles do then first move the Membrane with its small Bones upwards and downwards,Ʋse. when we would carefully listen or hearken to any important Matter, &c. Matter or Concern, as Diemerbroeck observes. Dr. Willis Fol. 133. de Anima Brutorum, Obs. writes, that the action of this Muscle is involuntary, and is wrought about by some Instinct of Nature; for when a very vehement sound doth approach the Ears, this Muscle doth remit its great noise, so as that it does sensibly obtund the relaxed Tympanum more powerfully; but if it be either more thin, or more obtuse, this contracted Muscle doth distend the Tympanum, so that this obtuse Impression may be made more sensible.

This Muscle also you have exactly described at Tab. 6. Fig. 6. at C. C.

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§

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TAB. VI

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The Explanation of the Sixth Table.

FIG. I.

SHews at A. A. The Frontal Muscle.

B. B. The Muscles of the Eyelids.

b. c. The Membrana Carnosa laid bare.

FIG. II.

A. The Optick Nerve.

B. The Motory Nerve.

C. The Exortion of the Muscles.

D. Musculus Trochlearis.

E. The Trochlea.

F. The Chord of this Muscle.

G. Musculus Adducens.

H. Musculus Adducens.

I. I. The Muscle of the upper Eyelid.

K. K. Shews them cut off.

FIG. III.

A. A. A. A. Shews the Cranium resected.

B. B. Part of the Brain.

C. C. The Cerebellum.

D. The uniting of the Optick Nerves.

E. E. Their progress to the Eyes.

G. G. Musculus Attollens.

H. Deprimens of the Right Eye.

I. I. Adducentes.

K. K. Abducentes.

L. Obliquus Externus.

M. M. Obliquus Internus.

FIG. IV.

H. Musculus Auriculam recta sursu [...] Movens.

I. I. I. Musculus Triceps eandem sursum trahens.

FIG. V.

A. Attollens.

a. Shewing its Nerve.

B. Bibitorius.

b. Shews its Nerve.

C. Indignatorius.

D. Humilis.

E. Musculus Trochlearis, or Obliquus Superior.

F. Obliquus Inferior.

o. The Optick Nerve.

FIG. VI.

A. Externus Tympani Auris.

B. Membrana Tympani.

C. C. Internus Tympani Auris.

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Abducens Nasi Alas.

THe Nose is the Organ of Smelling,This dilates [...] Nose. and this gains place in the more eminent part of the Body, for the better susception of the ascent of Vapours and invisible Halations, and their Qualities are sent up hither by the Olfactory Nerves to the common Sensory, and are there approved of according to Judgment; and thus is Man brought into a capacity of either taking or refusing such things as may prove either beneficial or prejudicial, purchased without the Eye, and perceived without the Ear; The Nose is not wholly moved, but rather its lower parts which we call Alae, and these are either kept open or shut by the benefit of Muscles: and these are called either Abducentes or Adducentes, or if you please Aperientes or Claudentes.

This Muscle ariseth very small and Fleshy from Os Maxillae Superioris, near the first Par Labiorum proprium, and is inserted into the lower and upper part of the Alae, Ʋse. and moveth either part upwards.

This you have exactly delineated at Tab. 7. Fig. 1. at D. in s [...], c. shews its Origination, d. its Insertion Fig. 2. id. Tab. you have the same at B.

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Attollens Nasi Alas.

THis Muscle ariseth from the top of the Bone of the Nose,This brings it upwards. near the Lachrymal Cavity, with a sharp and Fleshy beginning, descending to its sides in a triangular form much resembling the Greek Letter [...] and so descending according to the length of that Bone, is inserted broad and Fleshy into the Alas Nasi, and do carry the same upwards; Casserius hath found them much resembling Myrtle Leaves, these two pair drawing the Nasi Alas, Ʋse. do dilate and open the Nostrils.

This you have fairly described at Tab. 7. Fig. 1. at E. e. shewing its sharp and Fleshy beginning, f shewing its Termination into the Alas, B. shews the same in the same Table Fig. 2.

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Claudens Nasum Externus.

THese Muscles are very small,This Muscle shuts the Nostrils. and without it happen in very Nasute Persons they are never seen or to be distinguished; the first pair of which is outwards and Fleshy, and so do arise at the Root of the Alae, and so climbing transversely is inserted into the tip of the Nose; and as Veslingius judgeth,Ʋse. doth dilate the same, whilst others do affirm that this doth constringe it.

These Muscles are not to be shewn by any Figure, being both so small, and so inwardly implanted.

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Claudens Nasum Internus.

THis is much like the former as to its bigness,This doth constringe the Nose inwards. lodging inwardly under the Membrane which covereth the Nose from the Bone, it ariseth from the end of the Bone of the Nose, and is expanded into the Alam Nasi, and doth constringe it; this is very small, and very rarely found out, unless in such Nasute Persons whose general Series of Muscles are very apparent, thicker, and larger than ordinary.

There is also another Constrictive Muscle, which hath gotten the name of Orbicularis common to the upper [...]ip, the which drawing the [...]ip downwards, doth also therewith shut up and close the Nostrils; And this Bartholinus describes in Fol. 358. Anatom. where he affirms, That he hath observed an Appendix hereof to descend to the upper Lip, and that in such People who could not lift up their Nose without their Lips.

This Muscle with its former is not to be shewn by Figures, they being so very small.

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Zygomaticus Riolani, vel Attollens Labium Superius.

TO Man are given Lips,This lifts up the Lip. both for his accommodation of Eating and Drinking; as also for forming his Voice, retention of Spettle, shutting the Mouth and defending the same from outward Injuries; and because all these Qualifications do require a voluntary Motion, they have given to them variety of Muscles to perform the same: amongst which this is nominated one of the third proper pair called by Riolan. Zygomaticus.

It ariseth Fleshy from the Os Sygoma, with a Fleshy and broad beginning, and running obliquely downwards and forwards is inserted into the side of the upper Lip near Primus Nasi, the which doth abduce it to its sides upwards. See this Riolanus Anatomy.

This also you have shewn you at the Letter G. at Tab. 7. Fig. 1. and at Fig 2. id. Tab. at C. you have the same.

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Abducens Labia.

THis ariseth from the Os Zygoma Fleshy and round with much Fat,This brings the Lip upwards and outwards. and is implanted into the Lips where they are joyned together: this moves the Lips upwards and outwards,Ʋse. and doth also help the former in their motion; this by some Anatomists is accounted the first proper pair: these Muscles do also draw the Lips to the side, whether either one or both do operate either singly or together.

This Muscle you have shewn in situ, at Tab. 7. Fig. 1. at H. i. and k. shewing both its Origination and Insertion; the same you have at the Letter D. in the second Figure of the same Table.

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Labium inferius Deprimens.

THis ariseth Fleshy from the lowermost and outermost part of the lower Mandible,This brings the lower Lip downwards and outwards. whence running obliquely, it is broadly inserted into the middle of the Lip, and moves it downwards and outwards; this is called the fourth pair of the proper Muscles.

This Muscle hath a part with the first pair called Detrahens Quadratus, by which it is obliquely moved to either side, (vid.) right or left, as either of them are in Operation, drawing the whole lower Lip downwards.

This Muscle you have shewn at the Letter I. Tab. Ʋse. 7. Fig. 1. and at E. in the second Figure of the same Table.

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Par Labium constringens sive Musculus Orbicularis & Constrictor.

THis is common to either Lip,The Lips are pursed up by this. being framed of a fungous Substance, with Orbicular or Constrictory Fibres, arising from the middle of the Bones of the upper and lower Mandible, and doth form and make the whole Body of the Lips, encompassing the Mouth like a Sphincter, and drawing the Lips mutually to it, the which do firmly adhere to the red Cutis, which gives them their admirable Vermilion Dye; as also shews the Paleness of them in Sickness; All these Muscles of the Lips are so closely conjoyned to the Cutis, that their Fibres do intersect one amongst another; and hence is it that such a variety of motions are seen in the Lips; and thus have we shewn all the Muscles of the Lips. Fallopius hath another pair of these Muscles belonging to the Lips, whose Cutis is so closely mixed with the Muscles, that it rather seems to be a Musculous Cutis or a Cuticular Muscle.

This Muscle is also called Osculatorius from the use which is made of it.Ʋse.

These Muscles of the Lips have variety of Uses given them for performing their diversity of Actions; as some being designed for shutting the Mouth, others for opening the same: some made for accommodation of Eating and Drinking, and others formed for Ornament of Speech and Love Motions.

This you have fairly shewn you at Tab. 7. Fig. 1. at K. K. and at Tab. id. Fig. 2. you have the same at F. F.

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Quadratus sive Platysma Myodes.

THe first Muscle lying under the Skin of the Neck is called Quadratus, This draws down the Che [...]k. from its Figure, and is small and Membranous firmly adhering to the Cutis, arising from the Vertebres of the Neck, Scapula, Clavicle, and Sternon, large, broad and thin, with store of Membranous Fibres, and so running up with oblique Fibres, is inserted into the Chin, where both the upper and lower Lips are joyned; and enlargeth himself so far as to make Adductor auris ad Anteriora and because it agrees much with the Chin, it helps forwards the opening of the Mouth; and by its enlarging its self so far as to make Adductor auris ad Anteriora, the Ears also may be allowed to be moved by the help of this Muscle; it hath various Surcules of small Nerves belonging to it from those of the Neck; This Muscle being once convelled there follows a Cynick Spasm.

Here's Caution also for the young Chyrurgeon,Caution. where he ought to take notice of the Fibres of this Muscle, especially when he may or shall be called to make Incision here; for want of knowing of which upon making transverse Incisions here, and crossing the Fibres and their Ductures, he presently occasions an Avulsion in the Cheeks, otherwise great care must be had to preserve this Muscle; for whether you do raise the Cutis from above or below, he adheres very closely to it; In the raising this Muscle, be careful of leaving its Elongation that makes Adductor auris ad Anteriora, which you will rarely miss.

This Muscle according to Riolanus you have expressed in our 10th. Tab. Fig. 1. at F.

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Buccinator.

THis second Muscle which formeth the Cheek is called Buccinator from the use that is made of it;This draws the Cheek inwards. it ariseth from the upper part of the upper Mandible, and from the lower part of the lower Mandible, where the Gums begin, and do amplect the whole Cheeks in their seats, being round like a Circle: the proper Coat of the Mouth adheres so firmly to him inwards, that he is scarce separab [...]e from it; outwardly he hath a large round Tendon implanted into the midst of him, which hath his Origination from a Glandalous Substance, growing to the Os Zygoma, close by the Origination of the Muscle so called.

This Muscle doth not only move the Cheeks with the [...]ips,Ʋse. but doth also constringe them, and drive the Meat fallen into the Mouth into the Cheeks back again to the Teeth, sending or conveying the Meat thither, until it be better lessened, and made smaller, and a more accurate Confraction of the same be hereby made. Placentinus writes, That he hath found a very strong Ligament in the Center of this Muscle; the which arising outwards, and creeping along the Os Gingivae, terminateth into a small and thin Muscle directly opposite to the Cheek; but Riolanus denies the same.

This Muscle if you please may also be allowed as a hand to the Teeth,Ʋse. sending the Meat till it be well Chewed to the Teeth, by which it may the be [...]ter be lessened and comminuted.

This Muscle you have shewn you at Tab 7. Fig. 1. at F. and at P. Tab. ead. Fig. 2.

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Masseter sive Lateralis, seu Mansorius.

THis ariseth with a double beginning,This draws then th [...]r Mandible latera [...]y. strong, large, and Nervous; first from that Suture where the fourth and first Bone of the upper Mandible joyneth; secondly Fleshy from the Os Jugale, and is firmly and largely inserted into the lower Mandible External;Ʋse. This Muscle by reason of its diversity of Fibres given it, doth move the nether Mandible forwards, backwards, and laterally, and [...]s it were about also; If you throw this Muscle either from its Origination o [...] Insertion, Temporalis will appear in its Insertion.

The proper Use of this Muscle is shewn in Mastication;Ʋse. it moves to both sides, as to Right and Left; it takes its name of Mansorius from its proper Action: and from its site, it is called Lateralis.

This you have shewn you at Tab. 7. Fig 1. at the [...]etter O. I. shews it also at Fig. 2. Tab. ead. where b. b. shews its Origination, and c. c. its Insertion.

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Temporalis seu Crotaphites.

THis is the first and strongest of all the Muscles,T [...] draws the Mandible upwards. filling the whole Cavity of the Temple Bones; it arise [...]h from the Os Frontis, Syncipitis, & Sphaenoides, fleshy and Semicircular, and growing narrower in his des [...]ntion, runneth under Os Jugale, with a short but very strong and fleshy Tendon into the process of the lower Mandible called Corone; it hath allowed it three Nerves on either side: One from the third, a second from the fourth, and a third from the fifth pair;Ʋse. Wherefore this Muscle being either inflamed, contused or wounded, sharp pains do immediately succeed, and great danger of Convulsion and fear of Death, especially if the hurt do happen about the Nervous part thereof; As touching the Periostium, you will find that if you do raise this Muscle carefully, (contrary to the opinion of some) you will meet it under this Muscle, although many have asserted the contrary. The end of this Muscle is the beginning of the lower Mandible, the which it moves and draws upwards, and hereby shutteth the mouth; and by some hence it is called Attollens, and is the strongest Muscle of the Body in respect of its bulk. And as Spigelius writes, it is furnished with so much strength, that he remembers in his ripe years that he hath lifted up several pounds of Lead by the strength of his Teeth, and carried them therewith. I have seen very great weights brought from the ground by the Teeth and strength of this Muscle, and it has been reported above 200l weight has been lifted from the ground by them. This Muscle both shuts the Mouth, and constringes the Teeth.

In opening the Temporal Artery,Ʋse. caution is to be used by the young Chirurgeon lest he injureth this Muscle,Obs. by cutting too deep,☜ whence fatal Convulsions (or at least a prejudice to Mastication) do succeed. The safest way therefore is, first to make a light incision of the Skin, and then the Artery lying bare may the readier be hit and divided without injuring this Muscle, which lies under it; or at least it will be well to use in this Operation the Lancet that is retuse on one side like the Penknife, and to take the Artery pretty high about that part of the Temples which joyns to the Os Frontis.

This you have at Tab. 7. Fig. 1. at L m. m. m. shewing its Semicircular beginning, H. shews the same, Fig. 2. ejusd. Tabal.

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Mastoideus.

THis is one of the eight pair seated in the forepart of the Neck,This contracts the Neck. strong, long, and smooth: it ariseth with a double beginning; a certain Cavity distinguishing them, one from the Sternon Nervous, and the other Fleshy from the more elated part of the Clavicle, and is obliquely inserted into the Mammillary process by a round and Fleshy Tendon.

This is worthy Note,Obs. that in a live Man, especially in thin and aged People, in which it is very conspicuons, that if the whole pair do work,Ʋse. it bends the Head right, but if one of them do only work, this Muscle is only contracted, and this brings the Head forward laterally.

This you have at Tab. 7. Fig. 2. at K in situ, d. d. shewing its Origination from the Sternon, e. e. its Insertion into the Mammillary process of the Temple Bone.

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Biventer Digastricus seu Graphyoides.

THis is the second pair called Biventer, This draws the Mandible downwards and opens [...] Mouth. the like of which is not to be found in Human Body; in the middle of whose Venter it groweth thinner, having as it were two Venters, arising near the Mammiform process: it ariseth with a broad and Nervous beginning from the process Styloides, and suddenly becoming round, Fleshy, and small, so soon as he recurvates under the Styloides, he becomes a Nervous round Tendon, and then becomes Fleshy again, and is inserted into the middle Interiour part of the nether Mandible, and by drawing the Mandible downwards doth open the Mouth; the too great descent of which is hindred by its annexed Ligament. And for the better performance of this work, the former Muscle doth help this very much in its Operation.

Provident Nature hath given this Muscle two Bellies,Obs. and from thence it got its name, having in its middle an interjacent Tendon, very aptly resembling a Trochlea or Pulley; formed for this use, that whereas these Muscles do not arise from the lower parts of the Neck, but rather bred from the upper parts thereof; they do reflect about the lower parts of the Mandible like a Pulley, drawing the Mandible downwards, and so opening the Mouth.

This you have shewn at Tab 7. Fig. 1. at N. Extra Situm, whose Tendon is described by N. and its Venters by L. M.

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Coracohyoides.

THis Muscle is very thin and lon,This brings the Os Hyoides obliquely downwards. so that by Anatomists it is held there is not its like to be found in Human Body, for thinness and length; it is endowed with a double Belly by a distinct Tendon: it ariseth with a Fleshy beginning near the Neck of the Os Scapulae from its process Coracoides, and running under the Levator Patientiae of the Scapula, is obliquely carried under the Mastoides, and there becometh a small round Tendon, and then Fleshy again: and so is implanted into the Horns of the Os Hyoides, Ʋse. and draws it obliquely downwards; If you leave this Muscle in its Origination at the Dissection of the Levator, you will find his Origination perfect.

This Muscle hath a double Venter,Obs. as its former Companion, that the Jugular might not be too much comprest by it.

This you have described very exactly at Tab. 7. Fig. 2. at the Letters L. L. these two Letters demonstrating its two Venters described in their Natural Position; and at Tab. 8. Fig. 3. you have the same laid bare at H. H.

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7

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TAB. VII.

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The Explanation of the Seventh Table.

FIG. I.

A The Frontal Muscle in situ.

a. a. Shews its beginning.

b. b. Its end or Termination.

B. C. The Muscle of the Palpebrae.

D. Abducens alas in situ.

c. Shews its Origination.

d. Its Termination.

E. Attollens Nasi Alas.

e. f. Shews its beginning and ending.

F. Buccinator.

G. Attollens Labium Superius.

i. k. Shews its beginning and ending.

H. Shews the second pair, Abducens Labia.

i. k. Its beginning and ending.

I. Labium inferius Deprimens.

K. K. Labium Constringens.

L. Temporalis.

m. m. m. Shews its Semicircular beginning.

O. Lateralis.

S. Attollens Aurem in situ.

T. T. T. Detrahens Aurem.

FIG. II.

A. Musculus Frontalis in situ.

B. B. The Muscles of the Palpebrae.

Ae. Nasi Alas Constringens in situ.

B. Nasi Alas Abducens.

C. Attollens Labium Superius.

D. Abducens Labia.

E. Inferius Labium Deprimens.

F. F. Par Labia Constringens.

H. Temporalis.

b. b. Shews its two beginnings.

c. c. Shews its insertion into the largeness of the lower Mandible.

K. Mastoides.

d. d. Shews its beginning from the Sternon.

e. d. Its insertion into the Mammillary process.

L. L. Coracoides.

O. The outward Jugular Vein.

P. Buccinator.

G. Shews the Os Jugale.

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Sternohyoides.

THese are generally accounted the second pair,This brings the Os Hyoid [...]s downdownwards. moving the Os Hyoides downwards and backwards; This Muscle ariseth broad and Fleshy from the inner part of the Sternon under the Skin of the Neck, and running on (the same in substance and breadth all along) the Aspera Arteria, and the Thyreoidal Cartilage of the Larynx, is inserted into the Basis of the Os Hyoides.

This Muscle brings the Os Hyoides directly downwards and somewhat backwards.Ʋse.

You have this fairly delineated at Tab. 8. Fig. 2. at C. C. and at G. G. Fig. 3. id. Tab.

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Sternothyreoides.

THese Muscles of the Larynx (as they call the Head of the Asperia Arteria) are so nominated,This extends the Larynx. not because they do move the whole Larynx, but its Cartilages; This formerly was called Bronchus, but we more properly from its name and insertion do call it Sternothyreoides: it ariseth Fleshy and broad from the upper and inner part of the Sternon, and keeping his dimensions, creeps up with streight. Fibres along by the Aspera Arteria, and is inserted into the lower side of the Scutiformal Cartilage, the which when it presses the Scutiformis, it narrows its Rima or Cleft.

It is generally believed that this does close up the lower part of the Scutiformis, Ʋse. and that it draws downwards, whence the upper part thereof is seen to be extended, and the Rimula or Cleft dilated.

This also have you delineated at Tab. 8. Fig. 2. at L. L. N. N. shews the same at Fig. 3. Tab. ejusd.

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Hyothyreoides.

THis ariseth from the whole side of the Os Hyoides, This contra [...]s the La [...]ynx. at his Basis, and running down broad with right Fibres is inserted into the lowest and lateral part of the Scutiformal Cartilage, and by attolling it, doth dilate its Rima. Riolanus thought this pair not to be peculiarly appointed to any Cartilage, but did lift up the whole Larynx; if you raise this Muscle clear from its Origination and Insertion, you will be less troubled to find out these Muscles of the Larynx.

This draws the Larynx upwards,Obs. whence it is we in our selves, when we would frame a sharp Voice, that we then do bring the Larynx upwards, and when this is contracted, it contracts the upper part of the Scutiformis, driving it inwards.

This also you have delineated at Tab. 8. Fig. 2. at m. m. M. M. shewing the same at Fig. 3. ejusd. Tab.

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Styloceratohyoides.

THis third pair ariseth from the Root of the Processus Styloides, This brings the Os Hyoides obliquely [...]ipwards. and being small and round, is implanted into the Horn of the Os Hyoides, found infallibly by Digastricus his running through or under him, obliquely, moving the Os Hyoides obliquely upwards.

This draws it obliquely upwards.Ʋse.

Observe that its Insertion is in the lower part of the Horn (or rather towards the Basis) of the Os Hyoides.

E. E. Shews this, Tab. 8. Fig. 3. F. F. Shews the same, ead. Tab. Fig. 2.

Amongst these Muscles of the Fauces, §. the two pair lately found out by the Ingenious Doctor Croune may not improperly here be mentioned; one of which are named by him Musculi Pterygo-palatini, and the other Spheno-palatini. The former of these are seated in the Interior part of the Cavity of the Os Pterygoides, and terminate with their Tendons (which run on part of the foremention'd Bone as on a Trochlea) about the Glandula palati, which (together with the Uvula) they depress.

The latter of these, or Spheno-palatini, arise from the Os Sphenoides, and with a broader Tendon are inserted into the sides of the Glandula palati, which (together with the Uvula) they do attoll. From the situation and action of these latter Muscles may some account be given, how the Uvula being relaxt is commonly reduc't by thrusting the Thumb bent toward the Palate or these Muscles.

These Muscles you have exactly shewn you at Tab. 10. Fig. 2. at O. O. X. X. Shews its Tendon, Q. Shews the latter, where f. f. shews its Tendon also.

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Mylohyoides Riolani.

THis ariseth laterally from the nether Mandible inwards,This moves the Os Hyoides directly upwards. under the Dentes Molares, Fleshy, and is inserted into the Basis of the Os Hyoides, externally; this is to be thrown upwards in Dissection. Look into Riolan. which doth give you satisfaction as to this Muscle.

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Styloceratohyoides.

THis third pair ariseth from the Root of the Processus Styloides, This brings the Os Hyoides obliquely upwards. and being small and round is implanted into the Horn of the Os Hyoides, found infallibly by Digastricus, his running through, or under him moving the Os Hyoides obliquely upwards;☜. Observe that its insertion is in the lower part of the Horn, or rather towards the Basis of the Os Hyoides.

This draws it obliquely upwards.Ʋse.

This you have shewn you at Tab. 8. Fig. 2. at E. E. F. F. shewing the same at Fig. 3. ejusd. Tabul.

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Myloglossus.

THe Tongue,This moves the Tongue upwards. whereas it is not only the primary Instrument of the Voice, but also is useful for turning of the Meat contained in the Mouth, and doth obtain very many voluntary Motions; for the executing of each of which, there are required several Muscles, amongst which this is said to be the fourth pair, it ariseth with a broad beginning from the innermost lateral part of the lower Mandible under the Molares, and is inserted into the Ligament which ties the Basis of the Tongue to the Fauces; At the Origination of Mylohyoides you will certainly find this, and it is best shewn when the Mandible is divided: when one of these move, the Tongue is turned upwards: when both move, the tip is directly lifted upwards towards the Palate.

C. Shews this Muscle, Tab. 8. Fig. 2.

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Ceratoglossus.

THis is one of the four pair arising from the Horns of the Os Hyoides, This brings the Tongue downwards. and hence it is called Ceratoglossus, and is implanted obliquely into the sides of the Tongue, near its Root;Ʋse. if both these work together, they draw the Tongue downwards and inwards: if only one operate, it moves it either to the right or left side.

I. Shews this, Tab. 8. Fig. 3. D. Shews the same, Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab.

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Genioglossus.

THis is one of the second pair so called by Spigelius: This moves it forward [...]. it ariseth with a narrow Origination, about the middle of the lower Mandible or Chin, and then enlarging himself, is inserted into the Root of the Tongue; Veslingius doth number this amongst the number of Os Hyoides, and saith that they are implanted at the Basis of the Bone, which it draws streight upwards,Ʋse. whereby the Tongue is the more easily thrust forward out of the Mouth, though in the excessive heat of Fevers, the Fibres of this Muscle are so parcht that the Patient does it with difficulty.

E. Shews this, Tab. 8. Fig. 3.

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Hypsiloglossus seu Basioglossus.

THis is one of the third pair,This moves it backwards. it ariseth Fleshy from the Basis of Os Hyoides, and is inserted into the middle of the Tongue, according to its longitude, and by drawing it inwards,Ʋse. doth bring it backwards.

This being contracted, it brings the Tongue inwards, and backwards.

G. Shews this, Fig. 3. Tab. 8.

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Styloglossus.

THis ariseth Fleshy and small,This brings the Tongue upon upwards inwards. with a sharp beginning from the Styloidal process, and growing more broad and Fleshy, is inserted into the lateral part of the Tongue, and it brings it upwards and inwards: it is best found, by discovering of Styloides with your Finger, and then your Eye will direct you to it, at the lateral part of the Tongue; in man it is slender, but in Beasts it is double, Fleshy, and thick.

Its use is thus explained;Ʋse. If either of these Muscles moves, the Tongue is carried either to the right or left side directly, but both moving, its brought back to the Fauces.

K. Shews this, Tab. 8. Fig. 3.

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Lingualis.

THis ariseth Fleshy and large from the Basis of the Os Hyoides, This moves the Tongue both in Constriction and Dilatation. and so runs according to its longitude, forward to the tip of the Tongue, and is much disputable whether it be a Muscle or not; it's endowed both with oblique, transverse, and right Fibres, all which are so fully sprinkled about the Tongue, that is through its whole Body, that they are scarce divisible, and cannot by the best and most industrious hand be separated.

Spigelius doth give these Uses to these pair of Muscles,Ʋse. if they may properly be called so, that the transverse Fibres which are implanted in them do serve to contract the Body of the Tongue and so to thicken it, the oblique [...] and separating them from one another, and that the [...] framed for bringing it to the Palate and Fauces in [...].

This Muscle is not to be explained, being disputable whether it be a Muscle or not amongst Anatomists.

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Cricothyreoides Anticus.

THis is said to be the first proper pair of the Larynx, This moves the Cartilage obliquely downwards. as is held by Veslingius and most Anatomists: it takes its Origination from the fore-part of the Annulary Cartilage, and ends in the sides of the Scutiformal, and hence it gets the name of Cricothyreoides Anticus, and is generally reputed to move the Cartilage somewhat obliquely downwards; it ariseth in the lower and fore-part of the Larynx, having a Fleshy beginning; when this is contracted,Ʋse. it extends the Cartilage Cricois or Annularis, and so openeth its Cleft for a more deep and greater Voice or Sound.

F. Shews this at Tab. 8. Fig. 2. D. D. Shews the same laid bare, Tab. ead. Fig. 2. C. Shews the same, Tab. ead. Fig. 3.

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The Explanation of the Eighth Table.

C. C. Sternohyoides at Fig. 2. G. G. Shews the same laid bare at Fig. 3. ejusd. Tab.

L. L. Sternothyroides Fig. 2. at N N. Shews the same laid bare Fig. 3.

M. M. Hyothyroides Fig. 2. at m. m. Shews the same bare at Fig. 3. ejusd. Tab.

E. E. Styloceratohyoides at Fig. 2. F. F. Shewing the same laid bare at Fig 3. ejusd. Tab.

D. D. Genehyoides at Fig. 2. E. E. Shews the same laid bare at Fig. 3. ejusd. Tab.

C. Miloglossus shews this at Fig. 2.

E. Geneoglossus at Fig. 1.

I. Ceratoglossus at Fig. 1. D. Shews this also at Fig. 2.

G. Hypsiloglossus at Fig. 2.

K. Styloglossus at Fig. 2.

F. Crycoarytenoides Anticus at Fig. 1. D. D. Shews the same laid bare.

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[figure]

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Aesophageus seu Sphincter gulae.

THe Aesophagus is a round Channel,This contracts the Fauces. by and through which our Nourishment, as both Meat and Drink doth pass from the Mouth into the Stomach, and this Action of Deglutition is performed by the Fibres of the Aesophagus, and its Muscles; for whereas we Eat and Drink at our wills and when our pleasure is this Action is performed when thus made use of, by such Instruments as do serve for a voluntary Motion, as Muscles, which are to be numbred with their Animal Actions: and although it may serve for a Natural use, (as for Nutrition) yet it is no less Animal than Breathing, the which also is customary to Nutrition, yet is it Animal; Now this Sphincter Gulae is very officious in this service, for when a due Mastication is made,Its Ʋse. this by its Constriction doth drive it downwards.

It ariseth Fleshy, and is a broad Muscle wholly encompassing both the fore and back part of the Aesophagus, arising laterally according to the length of the Scutiformal Cartilage, encompassing the Aesophagus like a Sphincter; This Muscle being carefully raised, you will much better find Stylopharyngaeus & Cephalopharyngaeus.

D. D. Shews this, Tab. 9. Fig. 5.

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Stylopharyngaeus.

THis third pair is so called,This dilates and opens the Aesophagus. and do arise with a small beginning from the inner part of the Styloidal process, and descending with its thin body, is implanted by a Membranous Tendon into the Thyrois, the sides of the Os Hyoides, and the Root of the Tongue;Ʋse. this helpeth forwards the former in its Contraction.

Whereas there are appointed two as Dilators of the Aesophagus, so this is accounted as one of the Constrictors, though Veslingius thinks it rather Dilates.

C. C. Shews this, Tab. 9. Fig. 5.

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Cephalopharyngaeus.

THis ariseth from the Cranium, This doth contract the Fauces. and the first Vertebre of the Neck where they are joyned, and so descending, is implanted into the lateral sides of the Os Hyoides, Cartilago Scutiformis, and the beginning of the Aesophagus, for whom he seems to make a Coat,Ʋse. and by lifting this up doth constringe the Fauces in the Deglutition.

A. A. Shews this, Tab. 9. Fig. 5.

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Cricoarytaenoides Posticus.

BY Spigelius this is reckoned as one of the first pair of the Larynx, This extends the Larynx. extending or opening its Cleft, and by Casserius it is called Par Cucullare, it ariseth Fleshy from the hinder and lower part of the Cricoides, and running up with right Fibres, and repleating the Cavity of the Cricoides, is Nervously implanted into the inner seat of the Arytaenoides, Ʋse. and by division of the Two Arytaenoidal Cartilages, the Larynx is opened. This doth extend the Arytaenois, and by converting it backwards to the outward parts, it opens the Epiglot.

D. D. Shews this at Tab. 9. Fig. 1. G. G. Shews the same laid bare, Tab. ejusd. Fig. 2. C. C. Shews the same, Fig. 4. ejusd. Tab.

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9

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Tab. IX.

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The Explanation of the Ninth Table.

D D. Aesophagaeus at Fig. 4.

C. C. Stylopharyngaeus at Fig. 4.

A. A. Cephalophryngaei at Fig. 4.

B. B. Sphenopharyngaei at Fig. 4.

D. D. Cricoarytenoideus Posticus at Fig. 1. G. G. Shews the same laid bare at Fig. 2. D. D. Shews the same at Fig. 5.

E. E. Cricoarytenoideus Lateralis at Fig. 2. C. C. Shews the same laid bare at Fig. 3. C. C. Shews the same also at Fig. 6.

F. F. Aritenoides shews this laid bare at Fig. 2.

D. Thyroaritenoides at Fig. 3. B. B. Shews the same at Fig. 6.

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Cricoarytaenoides Lateralis.

THis is generally allowed one of the third pair,This extends it obliquely lateral. extending the Larynx to the side, or opening its second Rima or Cleft, it ariseth from the lower part of the Annulary Cartilage upwards, and is inserted into the lateral external part of the Arytenoides, Ʋse. opening the Larynx by the oblique diduction of its Cartilages.

Here's also observable, That by how much the second pair of the Contractors doth draw to a mutual Contract, the second pair of the Extenders do bring them outwards, and so open them. This is generally allowed to extend the Larynx laterally, and so doth open the Rimula.

E. E. Shews these laid bare, Tab. 9. Fig. 2. C. Shews the same in situ, Tab. ead. Fig. 3. C. C. Shews them in situ, Tab. ead. Fig. 5.

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Arytaenoides.

THis is also called Claudens Secundum, This contracts it obliquely lateral. its very small and Fleshy, and ariseth with oblique Fibres from the Arytaenois, where it is joyned to the Cricois, and is again inserted into it,Ʋse. where it connecteth its self with its Companion; This moveth the Arytaenois obliquely, and to either side, and so by constringing its Basis, doth shut the Glottis

This is called Arytaenoides or Guttalis, and whereas there are allowed two motions of the Larynx, by which it is either contracted or dilated, shut or opened, so doth both these Dilatations and Constrictions, or Clausion and Apertion proceed from their proper Muscles. Thus when the Thyrois is dilated, the Arytaenoides is shut; and thus according to Galens opinion, the Larynx is contracted when the sides of the Thyrois or Scutiformis are contracted and moved inward, dilated when they are extended and brought outwards, and shut when the Arytaenois is constringed and brought into a cavity, opened when it is brought outwards and extended.

The action of these Muscles are most remarkable, when we forcibly stop our Breath for some time, for then it prevails against the contrary endeavour of the Muscles of the Thorax which serve to Respiration, and shuts the Arytaenoides so close, that no Air can enter in.

F. F. Shews the same laid bare, Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab. B. B. Shews them at Fig. 4. ejusd. Tab.

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Thyreoarytenoides.

THis is one of the fourth pair,This contracts it [...]irectly. arising Fleshy, broad, and is transversely implanted in the Cavity of the Larynx, and from the middle inner part of the Thyrois, and being carried upwards according to its length, is inserted into the lateral part of the Arytaenoidis, which makes the Glottis, the which constringing doth shut the Larynx; This Muscle is best found by dividing Cartilago Thyroidis, from the Cricoidis, Arytaenoidis, and subjacent Muscles, the Coats of them being carefully preserved, after which will plainly appear this.

This pair if they be inflamed,Obs. in a Squinancy, when as they do exactly shut the Rima or Cleft, it brings Death along with it.

D. Shews this, Fig. 3. Tab. 9. B. B. Shews the same at Fig. 6. ejusd. Tab.

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Sphenopharyngaeus Primus.

THe Muscles of the Fauces, [...]. by some the Pharynx or beginning of the Aesophagus, are those which do serve for Deglutition, and therefore Nature hath planted at the top of the Aesophagus Muscles here as Instruments of voluntary motion for acting to our wills or pleasures; and as some of these do serve for Constriction, so also are others as useful for Dilatation, amongst which are these reckoned as the first pair.

This ariseth thin and Nervous nigh the sharp Appendix of the Os Cuneiforme, descending by the inward Cavity of the Pterygoides, and is inserted by a small Tendon into that Skinny part of the Pallate, from which the Gargareon seems to proceed, and doth dilate these parts for Reception of their Nutriment.

Neither this nor its fellow are rais'd well or distinctly without much trouble and d [...]fficulty.

B. B. Shews this at Tab. 9. Fig. 4.

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Sphenopharyngaeus Secundus.

THis second is by some allowed to arise from the same Origination as the former,This helps the former in its dilatation. and is inserted into the lateral and back part of the Fauces and Aesophagus, the which drawing downwards, they do dilate the Cavity of the Fauces and Gula; Ʋse. To find these after you have raised the Larynx and Aesophagus, leave the Fauces entire, then divide the Fauces themselves from Os Palati, till you come into the Cavity, then carry your Knife close internally to the Os Cuneiforme, and being thus divided, you will with ease find both their Originations, and with as much pleasure you may dissect them.

This also is shewn at Tab. 10. Fig. 1. at B. B.

Next to these should I have put in the Stomach and Intestines, but Dr. Willis hath given so full an Account of them, and shewn their Fibres so exactly, that whoever desires to take a view of them may be very well satisfied thereof in his Book named Pharmaceutice Rationalis.

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Pterygoides Externus sive Abducens.

THe lower Mandible hath allowed it variety of Motions,This brings the Mandible forwards. and these are both very necessary to Human life, as also for well ordering of their Designs: for how can the Meat be either received into the Mouth, or there chewed or lessened, unless the Mouth were opened, and then shut again; the Teeth do act their parts, and by a mutual Collision and Comminution towards a fair Deglutition, do make a happy progress towards the health of Man; without the benefit of Muscles, the Grinders must lie still, and the Incisors grow dull; the Mandible hath its variety of Muscles granted it for the discharge of its variety of Offices, amongst which this is accounted as one of its fourth pair, and doth arise from the External part of the Processus Aliformis in part, as also from the rough and sharp Line of the Os Sphaenoidis, strong, Nervous, and Fleshy, and so marching down large, is inserted by a strong broad Tendon into the inner part of the lower Mandible, laterally, just under the Tendon of the Temporal Muscle, and doth move the Mandible forwards,Ʋse. and as it were doth abduce it from the Head.

E. E. Shews this at Tab. 10. Fig. 1.

10

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Tab. 10

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Pterygoides Internus seu Adducens.

THis ariseth thick and short from the inner Cavity of the Processus aliformis, This brings it backwards. being first Nervous, then Fleshy, and is inserted by a broad, long, and Nervous Tendon into the lower Mandible internally lateral, the which drawing it upwards, doth help the Office and Action of Temporalis, bringing the Mandible inwards and backwards.Ʋse. These two Muscles do not appear until the whole dissection of the Tongue, Larynx, and Gula be fully compleated.

D. D. Shews this at Tab. 10. Fig. 1.

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The Explanation of the Tenth Table.

FIG. I.

A. A. Temporalis laid bare.

B. B. Masseter.

C. C. Digastricus or Biventer.

D. D. Pterygoideus Internus.

E. E. Pterygoideus Externus.

F. Quadratus Riolani.

FIG. II.

r. s. t. v. Os Ptery. oides.

O. O. Musculus Pterygopalatinus which depresseth the Uvula, and with it the Glandule of the Palate.

*

X. X. Shews its Tendon which is reflected about the neck of the Os Pterygoides as on a Trochlea, and is inserted into the Glandule of the Palate.

r. Shews the neck of the Os Pterygoides with its small head.

B. Shews the Glandula Palati.

d. The Uvula.

a. a. Part of the Muscle Pterygoideus Internus to which is adjacent Pterygopalatinus mentioned at O. O.

C. Shews its Origination arising from the lower part of the Cavity of the Os Pterygoides.

q. Shews another Muscle called Sphenopalatinus which attols the Glandula Palati, and with that the Uvula.

*

f. f. Shews its. Tendon implanted in the side of the Glandula Palati.

Z. Shews its Origination out of the Os Sphenoides.

g g The Interior Cavities of the Nostrils

Moreover as touching these two * Muscles (besides what hath already been said as to their Uses) this Observation is very material as to their Usefulness, (viz) in Hauking or forcibly raising up any tough Flegm or Lapidouse Matter lodged about the Aesophagus, these are of very great use as to the dispatch of the same forward, and sending it outwards, being here planted as two strong Ligaments which can give force to the Pallates raising it self for the discharge of the same

FIG. III.

A Musculi Longi.

B. Scalenus.

C. Mastoideus.

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Longus.

THe Neck is as an Appendix to the middle Venter,Th [...]s contracts the Neck. or a middle between the Head and Trunck. Such Animals are destitute hereof, which do not move their Heads with the Trunck of their Bodies, as Fishes, Frogs, &c. This Neck hath a four fold motion granted it, as forwards, backwards, and to either side, and every of these Motions are performed by the benefit of Muscles, of which some are called Flectors, others Extensors; of the Flectors, the first pair are called Longi, lying under the Aesophagus.

This Muscle ariseth sharp and Fleshy from the forepart of the Body, from the fifth and sixth Vertebre of the Thorax, where the Rib joyns its self to him, and so running up under the Aesophagus, is joyned to the sides of the Bodies of all the Vertebres, ascending until he comes to the first of them, where meeting with Scalenus, they insert themselves by a sharp Nervous Tendon into the transverse process of the first Vertebre of the Neck.

The Neck by the benefit of these with the Head,Ʋse. is bent or contracted forwards, one only operating, it carrieth it to the sides.

A. A. Shews this, Tab. 10. Fig. 3.

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Scalenus sive Triangularis.

THese pair of Muscles resembling a Triangular Figure,This contracts the Neck as the former. by some Anatomists are not improperly called Triangulares.

This ariseth from the first and uppermost Rib of the Thorax, broad and Fleshy, and then narrowing himself, in his upper course he bestows transverse Fibres upon all the transverse processes of the Neck, and is inserted as the former, and doth also help the former forward in their motion; This Muscle hath a peculiar Cavity allowed it, through which the Arteries descending to the Arm, and the Veins ascending from thence do pass.

If these Muscles do work together,Ʋse. they do contract and bring the Neck and also the Head right forwards, but if only one do operate, it inclines the Neck to one side forwards.

B. Shews that at Tab. 10. Fig. 3.

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Pectoralis.

THe upper part of the Arm reaching from the top to the Cubile, This m [...]ves to Arm forwards. is that which we generally do call the Arm, and this is moved by several Muscles, the first of which is called either Adducens Humerum, or Pectoralis, by some the Boxing Muscle, it possesseth the forepart of the Thorax, and ariseth first from the middle of the Clavicle, where he is most round, and next the Breast Fleshy, then from the Sternon according to his length, and is annexed to his Cartilages; Thirdly, from the Cartilages of the sixth, seventh, and eighth Ribs, and is there Nervous in his Origination, and so proceeds Fleshy and large until he arrives at the lateral part of the Thorax, where he is converted into a short, broad, and strong Tendon, and is inserted into Os Humeri, and according to his length between Deltois and Biceps.

This bringeth the Arm to the Breast forwards,Ʋse. and hence by some hath it given it the name of the Boxing Muscle, and this either directly, or somewhat upwards, or downwards, according to the contraction of its upper, middle, or lower Fibres.

B. Shews this in Tab. 16. c. b. d. Shew its diverse Fibres.

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Subclavius.

THis is called the Subclavius which is seated under the Clavicle, This brings the [...] upwards and outwards, and doth open the Thorax. and lodgeth between the first Rib of the Thorax; This is accounted the first Muscle of the Thorax, it ariseth from the Inferior part of the Clavicle, and being enlarged forwards with Oblique and [...]ransverse Fibres, it is implanted into the first Rib near the Sternon, and by drawing it upwards and outwards, doth dilate the Thorax.

The use of this Muscle is for drawing down the Clavicle, Ʋse and Obs. when it is moved upwards with the Scapula, for when the Scapula's are attolled, the Clavicles are lifted up with them, the which to reduce into their proper places, the Subclavius is to be brought downwards; and hence in Fractures of the Clavicles, if they be fractured near the Sternon, the Arm with the Scapula does soon fall downwards, and that part which is next the Sternon doth ascend and is raised upwards, as Hippocrates doth observe, Lib. de Fractur. and on the contrary, if they be broken near the Acromium, you will find neither part to ascend: the cause of which, the same worthy Anthor doth fortifie with this ingenious Reason; Whereas this Muscle is inserted to that part which is next the Acromium, when the Clavicle is fractured two ways, this Subclavian Muscle is presently contracted; and thus the Arm draws the dependent Scapula together with its self, whilst the other part is detained in its place by the strength of the Muscle.

F. Shews this, Tab. 11.

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Serratus Major Anticus.

THese Muscles of the Scapula have not their Names given them from their Use,This brings the Scapula forwards. but rather from their Figures, as this pair much resembling the Teeth of a Saw, and hence called Serrati. This is the second Muscle placed in the side of the Thorax, arising from the third, fourth fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, aud tenth Ribs, with a Saw-like, Nervous, and sharp Origination, hence growing Fleshy upon the Ribs, he ascends and inserts himself Fleshy into the whole Basis of the Scapula inwards; It is much Disputable both by Spigelius and Veslingius, Ʋse. whether the Origination and Insertion be not é contra; the motion of this Muscle is promoted by the Oblique Descendent Muscle of the Abdomen: when this is contracted to its beginning, it draws the Scapula forwards, as also the Serratus Minor, but somewhat downwards.

And also as I apprehend, another Use may be to tie or fasten the Scapula to the Breast.

A. Shews this at Tab. 16. a. a. a. Shews its Origination and its Tendon, D. D. Shews the same at Tab. 11. F. F. F. F. Shews the same in its place in Tab. 1.

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Serratus Minor Anticus.

THis is the fourth,This brings it upwards. which wholly lies under the Pectoral Muscle in the fore part of the Thorax, and is called Serratus from its being like a Saw, acuminated with various Fleshy Fibres; Minor, as touching its difference with the Major, it is substrated to the Pectoral Muscle, arising from the four first upper Ribs (but one) by so many serrated Originations, and so descending towards the Scapula narrows himself, and is inserted broad, Fleshy, and Nervous into the Processus rostriformis of it,Ʋse. and draweth it forward to the Thorax: if they work both together, they do bring the Scapula to the Breast: if the upper they bring it upwards, and é contra: if the lower, they bring it downwards.

This Muscle hath also (as I conceive) the same Use with the former, binding the Scapula forward to the Trunck of the Body.

E. Shews this laid bare, Tab. 11.

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Intercostales Externi.

THese have their Originations from the Transverse processes of the Back,These do dilate the Thorax. where the Ribs are joyned, and so proceeding Fleshy, do fix themselves all along from the lowermost part of the upper Rib, external to the upper part of the lower Rib, and so doth proceed to the Cartilage of the Sternon: Ʋse. The outward Muscles being contracted, do draw the Ribs towards their Originations upwards and outwards, in Respiration; hence the Thorax is dilated, and so its Cavity is made wider.

All these Muscles are endowed with Oblique Fibres,Obs. and these intersecting each other, do shew their differences from the Interni. As a good Observation to the young Chirurgeon, let him take care in opening of any Abscosses or Empyemas which may happen here, for if he makes a direct Incision here downwards, he cuts and divides all the Spermatick Fibres, and therefore in these cases he is advised to make his Incision in an oblique manner.

K. K. K. K. Shews this at Tab. 11. O. O. O. Shews the same, Tab. 5.

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11

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TAB. XI.

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The Explanation of the Eleventh Table.

F Subclavius.

D. D. Serratus Major Anticus.

E. Serratus Minor Anticus shewing it laid bare.

K. K. K. K. Intercostales Externi, Intercostales Interni.

C. C. Subscapularis.

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Intercostales Interni.

THese have their Originations where the Ribs do begin to bend inwards,These do mov [...] the Thorax and constringe it. and run from the lower to the upper part of the Ribs, not only to the Cartilage, but under that to the Sternon; these Muscles do work contrary to the former, for these do bring the Thorax downwards and inwards in Expiration,Ʋse. whence it becomes Constrict, and the Cavity is made less.

Moreover, whereas the External Muscles do end about the beginning of the Cartilages, so as that there are left Intercartilaginous spaces: hence is it, that Nature, that provident Mistress, who abhors all vacancies, hath filled all these empty spaces with these Internal Muscles, and hath raised the same to the Exteriour Superficies of its space or those spaces.

These you may also see with the former.

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Pectoralis Internus seu Triangularis.

THis by some is accounted the sixth Muscle of the Thorax; This doth constringe the Thorax. it is a small and thin Muscle arising from the inner part of the Sternon, and adheres to the Cartilage of the upper Ribs, sending forth on either side four small Projections to the Osseal Extremities, by which the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth true Ribs are joyned to the Cartilages, by the adduction of which,Ʋse. they do constringe the Thorax, and do somewhat depress it forward.

This Muscle is not to be shewn by any Figure.

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Cremasteres sive Suspensorii.

THere are three proper Coats allowed the Testicles,These keep the Testicles from falling down. 1st. Erythroides or Tunica rubra, and 2dly. Elytrois, or Vaginalis, and 3dly. Tunica Albuginea, or Nervea: to the External Membrane of the first are adnated the Cremaster Muscles, one on either side, the which in Men have their Originations from that Ligament which is in the Os Pubis; in Dogs and other Animals they are seen to take their Originations from the Tendons of the Transverse Muscles, and their Fleshy Fibres do run through the whole length of the Vaginal Coat, especially in its back part; for which cause the outward Superfices of this Coat is seen to be Asperate and Fibrous, the inward smooth, and covered with a certain waterish Humidity, and is strongly annexed to the lower part of the Testicles.

Regne rus de Graaf doth allow a three fold Use of this Muscle;Ʋse. as first that it keeps the Testicles from Cold; Then that it keeps them up from falling down, the which by their weight, should it once so happen, they would hinder the Spermatick Vessels in their Operations; And lastly, as various Authors have writ and observed, That they attract them for a better Excretion of the Seed, as is seen in the Act of Venery. Bartholinus doth witness, That there are such who have this so strong, that they can according to their will retract the Testicles, and then again dismiss them.

Tab. 13. Fig. 4. at C. C. you have this, D. D. Shews their Fleshy Fibres.

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Erector Penis, sive Collateralis.

THe Seed made, prepared,This is said to erect the Penis. and elaborated in the Spermatick Vessels do require a proper Instrument for its discharge into that part which Nature at first designed it for, by which means we see the like produced by the help of this Instrument. Plato in Timaeo did suppose the Penis to be some certain Animal, which could produce such strange effects as touching both Generation and Propagation, but although it is no Animal, yet it must properly be allowed an Animal-part and Instrument: Its placed in the lower part of the Belly, for the more commodious executing its Office, it takes its Original from a strong Foundation, as from the Bones of the Pubis, to whose Root it is most firmly planted; we pass by its Figure and Substance, and come to its Muscles.

This Muscle has his Original from the Appendix of the Coxendix, beneath the beginning of the two Nervous Bodies, in whose Interior part their thickest Fibres do terminate and vanish.

Spigelius doth assert that they take their names from their qualities, and that they do erect the Penis, and in coition do preserve the same; but this is denied by Regnerus de Graaf, as you will see in the next Chapter: for these Muscles rather depress the Penis, that so the Seed may be the more straightly ejaculated into the Ʋterus.

S. S. Shews this at Tab. 13. Fig. 1. T. T. Shews the same, Tab. ead. Fig. 2. G. G. Shews this, Tab. 12.

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The Explanation of the Twelfth Table.

G G. Erector Penis.

F. F. Aceelerator Penis.

K. K. Levatores Ani.

I. Sphincter Ani.

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Accelerator Penis.

BEsides the former,This said to dilate the Ur [...]thra. the Virile Member hath two other Muscles allowed it called Urethram Trahentes, arising Fleshy from the Sphincter Ani, and joyning with its partner internally lateral, and marching by the fore part of the Penis, is inserted into the Ʋrethra, and is generally asserted that it was framed for the dilating of the Urethra; but the Use thus designed these Muscles is much rejected by Ren. de Graaf, the which he confuteth by these Reasons, That when all Muscles do work in their own proper method, their Venters do tumefie, and their ends do approach nearer each other; the which being granted, it cannot thus happen that the Penis should be extended, the Action of the Muscle being Contraction, and this being most contrary to Extention; neither can the Penis obtain Erection by the benefit or help of these Muscles, for it rather would appear depressed than erected these being contracted, and they being planted in the lower part, or under the Penis, taking their Origination from the Appendix of the Coxendix, and so implanted to the lower part of the Yard.

As to the two also which are assigned by other Authors to dilate the Urethra, they are in no ways capable to perform this, these Muscles running through the middle of it, are firmly united to each other by one extremity of Fibres, whilst the opposite to the former obliquely running over the Urethra, do send the same into the sides of its Nervous Bodies; but as to the Erection of the Penis two kinds of Vessels do seem chiefly to serve with the Muscles for the performance of this, as Nerves and Arteries; but of these you may plentifully satisfie your self in Regner. de Graaf, de Organ. Viror. Fol. 154. &c.

This you have at R. R. Tab. 13. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. at S. S. you have the same, ead. Tab. F. F. Shews the same, Tab. 12.

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Musculi Clitoridis.

THe Clitoris hath variety of names bestowed on it,This extends the Cli [...]oris. as Amoris Dulcedo, Oestrum Veneris, Libidinis Sedes, &c. it differs from the Virile Member if you consider its whole Fabrick; First, because its bifurcated parts are twice longer when joyned, in the Penis when the parts are conjoyned they are four times longer than the bifurcated parts; Then because it hath no such like Channel as hath the Penis, neither is its Glans perforated as is that of the Penis in Men; All Anatomists have by consent allowed that there are Muscles annexed to the Clitoris, but as touching the number of them there is held a Dispute; we judge and allow of two arising from the Bones of the Coxendix, and running above its Crura, are implanted in them; This Muscle we call Graafiani, and by this the Clitoris is raised.

This Use we think proper to ascribe to the Clitoris and its Muscles,Obs. by the Contraction of the Clitoris and compressing its Thighs, it doth distend the third Body much more with the Glans.

There is also another pair of Muscles ascribed to the Clitoris by Authors, arisin [...] from the Sphincterani with a broad beginning, passing by the Lips of the Pudendum, between the Clitoris and Plexus Retiformis, and it is so annexed to the Clitoris, that it is judged that it was appointed rather for the contracting of the Vaginal Orifice,Ʋse. than for erecting the Clitoris; and from hence we presume to call it Musculus Labiorum Uteri Contractor.

C. C. Shews these at Tab. 13. Fig. 4. by this Muscle the Clitoris is depressed, D. D. Shews its Fleshy Fibres, E. E. The Fleshy Fibres of the Sphincter annexed to the Nervous substance of the Clitoris.

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Levatores Ani.

THat part we generally call the Anus is that which is the end of the Intestinum Rectum; This lifts it up. these arise from the Ligaments of the Coxendix, and Os Sacrum, under the Bladder, small, thin, broad, and Membranous, and are inserted into each side of the Podex; These Muscles being very much relaxed,Ʋse. do suffer a Procidentia Ani, or rather Prolapsus Intestini, these are best discovered before you remove the Intestinum Rectum, Vesica, and adjacent parts.

R. R. Shews these at Tab. 13. Fig. 2. K. K. Shews the same, Tab. 12.

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Sphincter Ani.

THis from its Use is called Constrictor Ani, This purses up the Anus. or Orbicularis, it ariseth from the lower Vertebres of the Os Sacrum, round, and broad, joyning himself largely circular to the Intestinum Rectum with Transverse Fibres much thicker above than below, where he adheres so firmly to the Cutis, that it is scarce separable: and hence by some Anatomists it is called Cuticulosus.

We acknowledge the Use and Nobility of either of these,Ʋse. for when they any wise suffer a Paralysis, this being hurt, the Excrements involuntarily do come down, and for the service they do in this case, they are called Constrictores

Q. Shews this at Tab. 13. Fig. 2. I. Shews the same, Tab. 12.

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Sphincter Vesicae.

THe Urinary Bladder is an Organick Membranous part of the lower Belly,This purses the Bladder. the which is formed as a receiver to take the Urine into it, or Serum which passeth from the Kidneys into it, and at due time doth also serve for a discharge of the same, and so this Bladder hath two Muscles given it, the one is said to retain the Urine in it, the other drives it out; How unkind would Human life be, if it should be continually attended with a continual dropping of Urine, as also how troublesome would it be to Mankind to be perplexed with as great a stoppage; therefore kind Nature as she hath been so free as to give the Bladder one pair to keep it in whilst it is convenient to discharge it, so also hath she been as provident to let it out when the Bounds of Nature commands a discharge thereof: the first from its Office hath gained the name of Sphincter.

This is placed orbicularly in the neck of the Bladder, scarcely distinct from the substance of it, only where you find a round Induration, this is the same, this doth keep the Urine from involuntary falling out from the Bladder, pursing it up.

O. O. Shews this at Tab. 13. Fig. 1.

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Detrusor Urinae.

THis is said to arise betwen the common,This lets is out. and second proper Coat of the Bladder, the first Coat properly being his, if not him, and therefore it is very Fabulous, which some Physitians so strongly contend for, that besides the former they will allow the Bladder many other Muscles, but in truth the best of Authority doth not afford any other of the Bladder besides these two already named.

This Muscle therefore is only the middle Coat of the Bladder, which consisting of Carnous Fibres running length-ways serves to the expulsion of the Urine. The tone of these Fibres is much injured when the Bladder is overmuch distended with Urine, or when it is held too long.

M. M. M. Shews this, Tab. 13. Fig. 1.

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13

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TAB. XIII

The Explanation of the Thirteenth Table.

[Page]C D. Cremasters at Fig. 3.

S. S. Erector Penis at Fig. 1.

T. T. Shews the same laid bare at Fig. 2.

R. R. Accelerator Penis at Fig. 1.

S. S. Shews the same laid bare at Fig. 2.

C. C. Musculi Clitoridis at Fig. 4. and at D. D. E. E.

R. R. Levatores Ani at Fig. 2.

Q. Sphincter Ani at Fig. 2.

O. Sphincter Vesicae at Fig. 1.

M. M. M. Detrusor Urinae at Fig. 1.

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Diaphragma.

THis Muscle hath its Origination from the first Vertebre of the Loins;This distinguishes the lower Be [...]ly from the middle. obtaining a circular Figure, and much different in situ from other Muscles, answering in magnitude the transverse bottom of the Thorax, and is inserted into the forepart of the Sternon, and Termination of the True Ribs, and to the twelfth Rib, as also to the extremities of the bastard Ribs, on the Sides.

It is in its middle (for its greater strength) Membranous and Nervous,Obs. to which middle the Fleshy Fibres do run as to their Center: Wounds happening in this Center, are reputed Mortal, because hence suddainly doth follow a present decay of Respiration, and very troublesome Convulsions, whereas Wounds happening in the Fleshy parts hereof, are void of this danger allowed by Galen, and this is confirmed by various examples.

The Diaphragma borrows its Origine from the Vertebres of the Back near the Loins,Ʋse. and round the Termination of the Ribs and Ensiformis Cartilago, and hath its Tendon in its Center or middle of it: and by contracting it self, moveth downward, bringing it self from an Arch toward a Plain, and so enlargeth the Cavity of the Thorax to give way to the blown up Lungs, inspired with numerous Particles of Air.

Next to this should I have Discoursed of the Heart, that Royal Muscle of the Body, by the Reciprocal motion of whose Fibres all that Blood is let both into it and out of it, by which our Human Pile is kept up and preserved: but Doctor Lower having already so fully written hereof, and also given such exact Figures of all its variety of Fibres, I recommend the Reader wholly to his Book De Corde, my task more properly relating to those of the Artus.

This you have at Tab. 16. Fig. 2.

Here let the Body be turned upon its Face.

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Cucullaris sive Trapezius.

THis is the first,This moves the Scapula variously. the which with its Companion doth very aptly express a Monks Hood: it takes its Origination Fleshy from the lower part of the Os Occipitis, and from the Spines of the Vertebres of the Neck, and the eight upper Spines of the Thorax, and springeth Membranous, broad, and running externally towards the Scapula, grows narrower, and is inserted into the whole Spine of the Scapula, and near half his Basis, as also to part of the Clavicle, by a broad, Nervous, and Fleshy Origination, and by the variety of Fibres allowed it,Ʋse. it is variously moved, as upwards, downwards, directly, obliquely, according as its Fibres are variously contracted; Divide this Muscle from its partner at their Originations from the Spines of the Vertebres, and being so followed and cleared from the Os Occipitis, the Muscles underneath this will much better appear.

And I conceive another Use of this Muscle may be to fasten the Scapula to the Vertebres of the Neck and Thorax; but the chief Use of it is to move the Scapula obliquely upwards.

This you have at A. A. A. B. Tab. 14. B. Shews its Tendinous Insertion into the Scapula, a. b. c. Its three sorts of Fibres.

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The Explanation of the Fourteenth Table.

A A. A. Cucullaris.

B. B. Shews one part thereof laid bare.

C. C. Levator Patientiae.

D. D. Rhomboides.

G. G. G. G. Latissimus Dorsi.

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TAB. XIIII.

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Latissimus Dorsi, sive Aniscalptor.

THis Abducent Muscle,This brings the arm backwards to the Fundament. or Latissimus is so called from its magnitude, the which with its Companion doth near cover the Back, it ariseth with a large Membranous beginning from the Spines of the Vertebres of the [...]horax, between the Os Sacrum, and the sixth Vertebre of the Thorax, as also from the upper part of the Os Ileon: his Origination here is chiefly Membranous, but running higher, so soon as it attains the curvation of the Ribs, he grows Fleshy, and in his ascension becoming narrower, is carried over the lower Angle of the Scapula, and by a strong and short, but broad Tendon, he is implanted below the upper head of Os Humeri, between the Pectoralis and Rotundus, great care must be had, lest in the raising this Muscle from his Origination, you do take up the Origination of the subjacent Muscle Serratus Major Posticus, and if you be not very careful in your dissection, you will borrow from Quadratus Lumbi, as you raise him from the Ileon, to which he firmly adheres;Ʋse. as also near the Scapula, Serratus Major Anticus will arise with him, without mature and deliberate observation hereof: this brings the Arm backwards, sometimes upwards; its diversity of Fibres contracting themselves doth occasion these variety of Motions.

This is shewn at Tab. 14. at G. G. D. C. C. Shews its Origination, D. Shews where its Tendon ariseth, N. N. O. O. Shews the same laid bare at Tab. 15.

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Rhomboides.

THis is so called from Rhombus, This brings the Scapula backwards. the which is by Mathematicians said to be a foursquare Figure, not consisting of equal Angles, but of Lines: it ariseth broad and Fleshy immediately under the Cucullaris, from the Spinal processes of the three lower Vertebres of the Neck, and three upper Vertebres of the Thorax, whence running with thin Fibres, it descends down to the Scapula, to whose whole Basis externally, it adheres broad and Fleshy; in the raising of this, take care that you do not raise the Tendon of Serratus Posticus Superior, Ʋse. who lies just under him. And also because it taketh its Origine from the three lower Vertebres of the Neck, and the three upper of the Thorax, and is inserted into the Basis of the Scapula, whereupon it doth assist the Cucullaris, and bind the Scapula backward to the lower part of the Neck and upper part of the Thorax.

This Muscle holds the Scapula to the Back: hence Consumptive people have prominent Scapula's from the weakness of this Muscle; from this also in some Persons may an account be given of the Gibbosity of this part.

This you have at Tab. 15. at B. B. in situ, c. c. c. c. Shews its Origination, G. Shews the same laid bare at Tab. 24. h. h. i. Shews its beginning and ending.

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Levator Patientiae.

THis is also called Scapulam Attollens: This brings it forwards. This ariseth from the second, third, fourth, and fifth Transverse Processes of the Neck, and hath as many Originations with their Interstitia: these joyning do descend, and adjoyn to the whole upper side of the Rhomboides, until it is inserted by a broad, Fleshy Tendon to the highest, as also to the lower Angle of the Scapula, Ʋse. and doth draw the same upwards and forwards, and is raised with the Arm.

This Muscle had its name from Spigelius: it bearing many heavy burdens, for the Scapula by the help hereof with the Arm is lifted up forwards, and hence takes the better name of Patientiae.

This you have at Tab. 15. at A. laid bare, 1. 2. 3. 4. Shews its four beginnings.

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Rotundus Major.

THis is also called Humerum Deprimens, This draws the Arm down backwards. its also called Rotundus, it being Sphaerical; it ariseth with a Fleshy beginning from the lower Angle of the Scapula, and adheres Fleshy from his lower Rib, and having marched half way, deserts, and being indifferently dilated somewhat upwards, is inserted by a short, broad, and strong Tendon into that part of the Os Humeri where Pectoralis hath his insertion, and doth draw the Arm down backwards.Ʋse. It partly lies under the Arm-pit.

Its generally observed by all Masters of Anatomy,Obs. that all Depressers are much less then the Attollers in Human Body. Thus the Temporalis is the strongest Attollent of the lower Mandible, and Biventer is the most infirm Depriment, and the reason is, there is required much more for the lifting up of a weight, than for his bringing down.

This you have at Tab. 15. at E.

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Superscapularis Superior sive Supraspinatus.

THis is Fleshy and long,This brings it about outwards. and presseth the whole Scapula upwards: it ariseth from the whole Basis of the Scapula Fleshy above the Spine, filling the whole Cavity between the Spine and the upper Rib of the Scapula, and going back to the neck of it, passeth under the second Ligament of the Humerus, as the Biceps doth, and is inserted by a broad and strong Tendon obliquely into the neck of the Os Humeri, Ʋse. and doth bring the Arm about with the former; others do affirm that it moves the Arm upwards with the Deltois. And I apprehend that a great Use of this Muscle is to help the Coracobrachialis and Infraspinatus, in lifting up the Arm.

This you have at Tab. 15. at F. L. Shews the same laid bare.

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Superscapularis Inferior sive Infraspinatus.

THis covereth the whole Exteriour part of the Scapula, This brings the Arm about outwards. which under the Spine, arising from almost the whole Basis of the lower part of the Scapula, and possessing the major part of that Cavity, Fleshy, running backward, narrows himself according to the form of the part,Ʋse. and by a broad Tendon is inserted into the Ligament of the Os Humeri, as some will have it; But I humbly conceive, That this Muscle according to its situation, doth more probably assist the Deltoeides and Coracobrachialis, lifting the Os Humeri upward.

This you have at Tab. 15. at G. M. Shews the same laid bare.

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Nonus Humeri Placentini sive Rotundus Minor.

FAllopius calls this Transversalis Brevior from its site, This helps the motion of Rotundus Major. and Rotundus from its form: It ariseth sharp and Fleshy from the lowest Angle of the Scapula, at his Basis, and growing more Fleshy to its Venter, decreases again, and terminates himself by a sharp Tendon into the neck of Os Humeri; This by some Anatomists is held as a part of that Muscle called Rotundus Major.

This Muscle depresseth the Os Humeri, Ʋse. and is an Antagonist to the Deltoeides and Coracobrachialis.

This you have at Tab. 17. at Fig. 2. at A. B. C. A. Shewing its Fleshy beginning, B. Its Cavity or Fissure, C. Its thin and Nervous Tendon; This you have also at Fig. 1. Tab. id. at P. P. Q. Q. Q. Shews the Nerve that passes through this into other Muscles.

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Subscapularis.

THis is seated in the Cavity of the Scapula, This brings the Arm inwards. and possesseth the whole Cavity thereof: it ariseth Fleshy from the whole inward Basis of the Scapula, and so running forwards, according to the dimensions of the Bone, narrowing himself, and by a broad Tendon, is inserted into the third Ligament of the Os Humeri.

These last Muscles do work the whole Arm about,Ʋse. from whence they have also their names, but the Subscapularis brings it inwards, the Superscapularis Inferior outwards, and also upwards, but these together do moderately elevate it; their Use may be most commodiously shewn, if the whose Arm be put into a middle Figure, and afterwards, neither abduces from the Breast to the Arm, neither the middle Figure changed with the Cubite of the Arm, the Cubitus being drawn outwards, and again brought inwards.

This you have at Tab. 11. at C. C.

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15

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TAB. XV

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The Explanation of the Fifteenth Table.

A Shews Levator Patientiae.

B. B. Rhomboides.

C. C. C. C. Shews the Spines of the Vertebres, from whence they do take their Origination.

E. Rotundus.

F. Superscapularis Superior.

L. Shews it laid bare.

G. Superscapularis Inferior.

M. Shews it laid bare.

a. Octavus Humeri Placentini.

v. Shews it laid bare.

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The Explanation of the Sixteenth Table.

A Serratus Major Anticus.

ae. ae. ae. Shews its Originations.

B. Pectoralis. c. b. d. Shews its diversity of Fibres.

F. F. F. F. Deltois. H. H. I. Shews it laid bare.

L. M. Biceps in situ.

K. Shews the same somewhat laid bare.

X. Shews Brachieus in situ.

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TAB. XVI.

If the whole Arm with the Scapula be taken off, the dissection of these following Muscles will with more ease be performed.

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Deltois.

THis is accounted the second Muscle of the Arm,This lifts up the Arm. called by some Triangularis Humeralis, arising generally Nervous; First, forward from the middle of the Clavicle where it is broadest, next the Os Humeri; Secondly, from the top of the Scapula, where it is joyned to the Clavicle; Thirdly, from the whole Spine of the Scapula, these Originations presently growing Fleshy, descending and narrowing become a strong Tendon, externally Fleshy, internally Nervous, which is transversely planted under the neck of Os Humeri; Ʋse. this lifts up the Arm sometimes directly, sometimes forwards, or backwards according to its Series of Fibres, these being contracted: In the middle part hereof unexperienced Chirurgeons do make Fontanels, Ca [...]tion. but very inconsiderately, because this Muscle being contracted, the Orifice of the Fontanel therein made is also therewith contracted, sending thereby the Pea forth with force and pain, and the Issue doth heal up presently; which Errour may with ease be shunned, if they made them in the distance between this and the Biceps, four or five Fingers breadth from the joynt of the Arm, in which place, when the Arm is bent, there is presently perceived this Interstitium.

This you have at F. F. Tab. 16. H. H. I. Shews the same laid bare.

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Biceps.

THis Muscle ariseth with a double beginning,This Muscle bends the [...]ulit [...]. arising fi [...]st externally from the top of the Acetabulum Scapulae by one Substance, and so runs under the Ligament of that Juncture over the head of the Os Humeri, and through a Channel insculpt for it, where it is bound in by a proper Ligament; Secondly, arising broad, Fleshy, and Nervons from the Coracoidal Apophysis of the Scapula, and is carried over the internal head of the Os Humeri, and so descending meets with the other, and makes one strong and Fleshy Muscle, and narrowing himself becomes a strong, thick, large, and Nervous Tendon, and is inserted into an Oblong Prominence under the upper head of the Radius.

Its this Tendon which generally doth lie under the middle Vein of the Arm,Caution. which cautioneth all young Chirurgeons to beware of it in Venae Sectione, for it produceth great danger to the Patient: for Wounds received here are of very great Consequence, because both Veins, Nerves, and Arteries are very relative to it and bordering upon it, the which, of what direful consequence it hath been many Masters of our Art in this Honourable City can both evince and certifie.

This Biceps bendeth and lifteth up the Cubite.Ʋse.

This you have at Tab. 16. at L. M. And at Tab. 17. at G. H. I. you have the same, G. Shewing its first head, H. Another head of this Muscle, I. Shewing its Fleshy belly, K. Its thick and Nervous Tendon.

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Octavus Humeri Placentini, sive Perforatus seu Coracobrachialis.

THis ariseth by a short and Nervous Origination from the Coracoidal process of the Scapula, This draws the Arm upward. near the Origination of the Deltois, and so descending, becomes somewhat long, large, and Fleshy, and is implanted by a strong Tendon into the middle of the Os Humeri, and doth adduce it with the Pectoralis forwards to the Breast,Ʋse. as some would have it; the Venter hereof is perforated, and through the body of this Muscle doth pass a Nerve, which serves the rest of the Muscles; Riolan. reckoned this Muscle to be a part of the Biceps, or of the first Muscle of the Cubite, which doth contradict Autopsy.

And I do humbly conceive that this Muscle in truth doth assist the Deltoides in bending the Arm, and lifting up the Os Humeri.

This you have at Tab. 15. at a. in its place, b. Shewing the same laid bare.

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Brachiaeus Internus.

THis Muscle lodgeth under Biceps, This bends the Cubite forwards. but is more short and Fleshy: it ariseth about the middle of the Os Humeri, near the insertion of the Deltois, and Pectoralis double, broad, and Fleshy: partly by the Exteriour, partly by the inner side of the said Bone, but presently joyning, and firmly adhering to the Bone, in its descent becoming large till at last it terminates broad and Fleshy in the Ligament of the Joynt, as well as in the Appendices of the Cubite and Radius; Ʋse. This with the Biceps doth very strongly contract the Cubite, lifting it up, being an assistant to the Biceps

This you have at M. N. O. at Tab. 17. M. Shewing its beginning, N. Its Venter or Belly, O. Its large and Fleshy Tendon.

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The Explanation of the Seventeenth Table.

M N. O. Brachieus Internus.

R. R. S. S. Gemellus Major.

Gemellus Minor you have also in the same Table.

G. H. J. K.

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TAB XVII

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Gemellus Major, Brachiaeus Externus, aut Longus.

THis Muscle ariseth doubly broad and strong,This extends the Cubite. partly Fleshy, partly Nervous, from the lower part of the Scapula, where it hath a peculiar Cavity a little under the neck of it: and growing Fleshy descends, and joyns himself to the inner side of the Os Humeri, where he meets with his other Fleshy Origination, and so making one, is carried down to the inner side of the Process of the Olecranum, and is there implanted; The Use of this Muscle is generally reputed to extend the Cubite,Ʋse. and is an Antagonist Muscle to the Biceps Internus, which is a Flexor and lifter up of the Cubite: and the Biceps Externus doth extend it, and put it backward and depress it.

This and its following partner you have described at R. R. S. S. Tab. 17. R. R. Shewing its beginnings, S. S. Its double Venter.

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Extensor Cubiti Breuis, vel Brachiaeus Internus.

THis is the second of the Extenders of the Cubite,This doth assist the former in its extention. and doth arise backwards Nervous from the neck of the Os Humeri, and so becoming Fleshy, descends to the middle of Os Humeri, and doth inseparably mix himself with the former, and at length is inserted partly Fleshy, partly Nervous into the outward side of the Olecranum, about the place we lean on. These two Muscles as they have right Fibres given them from their beginning to their ends,Ʋse. they do extend the Cubite directly, as the two former did contract it.

Veslingius says this Muscle arises from the middle of the Os Humeri, and it is accordingly represented so in his Cuts.

This and its partner you have shewn at R. R. S. S. at Tab. 17.

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Anconaeus.

THis being but a small bodied Muscle,This doth also extend the Cubite. doth arise from the lower and back part of the Os Humeri, being planted between the Cubitus and the Radius, and is inserted with a Nervous Tendon (sometimes obliquely) into the lateral part of the Ul [...]a, a Thumbs length below the Olecranum or Elbow;Ʋse. As those two last do help forward the Cubites extention, this doth help the former, &c.

This is not to be shewn or represented by Figure.

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Palmaris.

THis ariseth round and Nervous,This moves the Palm of the Hand. from the inward Extuberance of Os Humeri, and presently becoming Fleshy and narrow, about the middle of the Cubite is carried somewhat obliquely, and is turned into a long and round Tendon, and passing over the inward Ligament of the Radius comes to the Palm and there doth expand it self into a most broad Tendon, and is laterally inserted into the first Joynts of the Fingers, and is so closely fixed to the Cutis, that it is not thence to be separated without difficulty;Ʋse. The contraction of this Cutis occasioneth apprehension, and doth endue the Palm of the Hand with an Exquisite Sense, and the Skin becoming immovable by the gripe, it occasioneth a more steady keeping of any thing therein contained.

The learned Fallopius hath observed this Muscle sometimes to be double in either Arm,Obs. and arising from the same place, that one doth end in a broad Tendon, such as already is described, the other, in the Transverse Ligament of the Carpus.

This you have at Tab. 18. Fig. 1. at D. E. Shews where it passeth into a Tendon, b. Shews the expansion of the same Tendon, G. G. G. G. Its Terminations; At the same Letter you have the same expressed at the second Figure Tab. ejusd.

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Caro Musculosa Quadrata.

NEar adjacent to the former,This doth assist the former. is planted a Fleshy Substance arising from the Membrana Carnosa under Mons Lunae, where the eighth Bone of the Carpus is placed, and then marcheth under Palmaris, to the middle of the Palm, and is inserted into the outside of that Tendon that separates the little Finger from the rest;Ʋse. this makes the Hand hollow, and the Use hereof is perceived and declared in large contractions of the Palm, drawing the Mons Lunae to the middle of the Hand: this is when we would make it appear very hollow.

This you have at P. P. at Fig. 2. Tab. 18.

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Flexor Carpi Interior sive Ulnaris.

THis ariseth sharp,This bends the Wrist. Fleshy and Nervous from the inner Apophysis of the Os Humeri, and so running Fleshy the whole length of the Cubite, to which it adheres, hath its Insertion at the Wrist into its fourth Bone, partly Nervous, partly Fleshy, this passeth not under the Transverse Ligament, but is only wrapt up with the common Membrane of all the Muscles;Ʋse. Its Use is thus, such as are the Inflectors do possess the whole part, and do arise from the inward Protuberance of the Arm: those that do extend, do arise from the back part and outward Extuberance.

This you have at Tab. 18. at Fig. 1. at R. R. f. Shewing its Fleshy and Nervous beginning, g. Its end partly Fleshy, partly Nervous; This also you have at the second Figure at the same Table, at the same Letter: K. K. Shews the same in situ at Tab. 19. at Fig. 1. b. Shewing its beginning, c. d. Its end as formerly.

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Flexor Carpi Exterior sive Radialis.

THis ariseth as the former from the same Extuberance,This doth help the former in its Contraction. and so running somewhat transversly near the outer part of the Primi Digitorum Flexores, is fixed to the Radius, and a little before it arrives at the Carpus doth become a round Tendon, which cleaving to the Transverse Ligament, runneth under him, and enlarging himself, is inserted into that Os Metacarpi which stands before the little Finger; these two do contract the Hand.

These two working together,Ʋse. the Carpus, and the Hand with it is also contracted; one only working, its sometimes moved into that side somewhat obliquely which is contracted.

This you have at Tab. 18. Fig. 1. & 2. at S. S. in situ, L. Shewing its beginning, M. Its slender and Nervous Termination, L. L. Shews the same at Tab. 19. in situ, e. Shews there its Fleshy beginning, f. The Tendon of this Muscle, G. Shews the same laid bare at Tab. 20. Fig. 1.

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Flexor Secundi Internodii Perforatus.

THe Fingers,This contra is the second Joynt of the Fingers. which are the great Messengers of Writing our Minds, and which are implanted in us for performing of many strong and vigorous Motions, do act these by the benefit of Muscles, by which they are both contracted, extended, and brought to a lateral Use; We begin with the Contractors, these being seated in the Cubite, and those generally do gain the name of Contractors which do bring the four Fingers into a Curvation; Of these Muscles of the Fingers, this is said to be the first, and taketh its name from its Use,Ʋse. contracting the second Bone of the Fingers.

It ariseth from the inward Protuberance of Os Humeri, under the former, and so growing broad and Fleshy about the middle of the Cubitus and Radius, somewhat adhereing thereto marcheth forwards, and becomes wholly round and Fleshy near the Wrist, where it is divided into four Fleshy Portions, from which proceeds so many Tendons, all which are involved in one proper Mucaginous and thin Coat, and so running internally under the Ligament, gets through the Palm, and then doth distribute to the first and second Joynts of the four Fingers, as many Tendons which are perforated a little before their insertion for the transmission of the Tendons of Tertii Internodii Flexor This Muscle by some is called Sublimis & Perforatus.

This you have at Q. Q. Tab. 18. at both Figures in situ, d. Shews its Origination, e. e. Its Bivaricated Tendon, D. D. D. D. Shews the same at Tab. 19. Fig. 1. C. C. C. C. Shews it laid bare at Fig. 2.

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18

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TAB. XVIII.

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The Explanation of the Eighteenth Table.

D Palmaris at Fig. 1. E. Shews where it passeth into a Tendon.

F. Declares where it expands it self into a broad Tendon.

G G. G. G. Shews the Termination of these Tendons.

O. O. O. O. Flectentes Pollicem.

P. Caro Musculosa Quadrata.

Q. Q. Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum.

d. Shewing its beginning at Fig. 2. e. e. Its Bivaricated Tendons.

R. R. Flexor Carpi Interior, f. g. Shews its Origination and Termination.

S. S. Flexor Carpi Exterior, L. M. Shews its Origination and Termination

V. V. Extensor Carpi Exterior.

X. X. Pronator Radii Teres.

Y. Y. Tertium Pollicis Internodii Flectens.

Z. Z. Pars quaedam Flexoris Tertii Internodii Digitorum.

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Flexor Tertii Internodii.

THis doth contract the third Joynt,This contracts the third Joynt of the Finger. and from thence doth takes its name: by some it is called Profundus, as also Perforans; it ariseth Membranous some part of him, from the same Extuberance as the former, the rest from the Root of the forward process of the Olecranum, becoming afterwards exactly round and Fleshy, running under the former, and adhering inwards to the Cubitaeus, on the outward to the Primi pollicis Flexor, and descending about the middle of the Cubite, they divide, and make their progress through the Fissures of the others, and are inserted into the third Joynts of the Fingers: and that a right inflection may be made by these Muscles, and that the contracted Tendons may not rise up, and so lift up the Cutis in the inward part of the hand according to their length, a Channel being made out of the hard Membranes, they are inwardly included with a fatty and Oleaginous Humour in which they have their free course of Motion.

These Muscles are allowed to contract the third Joynts of the Fingers.Ʋse.

This you have at Tab. 18. at Z. Fig. 1. & 2. This you have exactly at Tab. 19. Fig. 2. at D. D. a. a. a. a. Shewing its four Tendons.

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Flexor Secundi Internodii Pollicis.

THis Flexor is not seated in the Hand,This bends the second Joynt of the Thumb. as the former, but in the Fleshy part of the Cubite: it ariseth round and Fleshy from the Os Cubiti, and so marching along by the Radius to which it adheres, as also to the Membrane that joyns the Cubitus and Radius, it comes to the Wrist, where it becomes a round Nervous Tendon, having also a proper thin Mucaginous Membrane, and so marching forwards, is inserted into the second joynt of the Thumb by a somewhat broad Tendon.

This contracts the second Joynt of the Thumb,Ʋse. to which it is fixed.

This you have at Y. Y. Tab. 18. Fig. 1. This also you have at P. P. Fig. 1. Tab. 19. This you have laid bare at Tab. 20. at M. M.

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Pronator Radii Teres.

THe Radius is wrought with two Motions,This brings the Wrist downwards. the one per accidens, the other per se, and hence hath it given it two kinds of Muscles: the first from their Uses are called Pronatores, the other Supinatores. The second of the Pronators is called Teres, so called from its form, it ariseth from the Root of the inner prominence of the Os Humeri, and from the inside of the Os Cubi [...]i, and is there joyned by a large Fleshy Origination to the Radius, and thence descending obliquely downwards by his inner side a little above the middle, is implanted into him Fleshy, from whence a Nervous Head doth proceed, which is inserted into the External Head of the Radius.

This Muscle is held to bring the Radius downwards.Ʋse.

This you have at X. in both Figures Tab. 18. n. Shewing its Origination; This also you have at Tab. 19. Fi [...]. 1. At O G. Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab. you have the same at K. d. Shewing its Origination, e. Its Termination, C. C. Shews the same at Tab. 20. Fig. 1. a. Demonstrating its beginning, b. Its Termination.

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Pronator Quadratus sive Inferior.

THis is allowed the first of the Pronators, This works as the former. it is wholly Fleshy, and ariseth from the lower and inner part of the Cubite near the Radius, running over the Ligament that joyns the Cubite and the Radius transversly, and so doth implant himself Fleshy into the inward part of the Radius, with a broad beginning, much representing a Mathematical Square, having four equal sides.

These two Muscles,Ʋse. while they are contracted towards their Originations, do move the Radius forwards, and so doth connect the Hand which the lower part of the Radius by the benefit of the Carpus.

This you have at Tab. 19. Fig. 1. at I. K. Shews this, Tab. 20. Fig. 1. e. e. Shews its beginning, f. f. Its Termination.

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The Explanation of the Nineteenth Table.

FIG. I.

C C. Palmaris laid bare.

D. D. D. D. Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum. E. E.

E. E. Shews its four Tendons.

F. F. F. F. Lumbricales. G. G. G. G. Shews these four Tendons.

H. Caro Musculosa Quadrata.

K. K. Flexor Carpi Interior.

L. L. Flexor Carpi Exterior.

O. G. Pronator Radii Teres.

P. P. Pollicem Flectentes.

Q Minimum Digitum Abducens.

R. Pollicem Abducens.

S. S. Carpum Extendens Exterior.

FIG. II.

C. C. C. Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum laid bare.

D. D. Flexor Tertii Internodii. a. a. a. a. Shews its four Tendons.

F. F. F. F. Lumbricales, b. b. b. b. Shews their Originations.

G. G. Flexor Tertii Internodii Pollicis laid bare. c. Shews its Tendon.

I. Quadratus in situ.

K. Secundus Radii Teres. d. Shews its Origination.

O. Primus Secundi Pollicis Articuli Flexor.

P. Flexor Primus Primi Pollicis Internodii.

Q. Pollicem Abducens.

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TAB. XIX

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Flexores Primi Internodii sive Lumbricales.

THese are small and slender Muscles,These bend the Fingers laterally. arising round, long, and slender, from those Membranes which do enwrap the Tendons of Tertii Internodii Flexores, and so passing on Fleshy, are inserted by a round, Nervous Tendon into the first of the Joynts of the Fingers, and are best shewn by raising one from his Origination, and leaving him in his Insertion,Ʋse. and the other é contrario, these bends the Fingers laterally.

This you have at F. F. F. F. Tab 19. Fig. 1. G. G. G. G. Shews their four Tendons, F. F. F. F. Shews the same at the same Tab. Fig. 2. b. b. b. b. Shewing their Originations, F. F. F. F. Shews the same in its place, Fig. 21. Tab. 21. f. f. f. f. The beginning of these Muscles, g. g. g. g. Shews their Tendons.

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Flexor Primus, Primi Internodii Pollicis.

THe Thumb is bent or contracted in its Joynts,This bends the Thumb. and these after several ways, and hence have they their names severally bestowed upon them, some of these being Contractors of the first, others of the second.

This first ariseth Fleshy from the upper seat of the Annulary Ligament which is in the Carpus, near the Thumb, and ascending, doth encompass the first and second Joynts of the Thumb, and is inserted into the head of the first Joynt Fleshy.

This you have at Tab. 19. Fig. 1. at P. P. This you have also at A. B. Tab. 21. Fig. 1. This you have also at the second Fig. ejusd. Tab. at B.

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Secundus.

THis being smaller then the former,This helps the former in its contraction. ariseth Fleshy, partly from the same Ligament, and partly from Os Carpi, next the Thumb, and running under the other, is implanted into the same Joynt from its Root, even to its middle: this is wholly lodged under the former, and is covered over with its breadth.

These two do bend the Joynt of the Thumb,Ʋse. and adduceth it to the Hand. Riolanus doth not acknowledge this as a Flexor, but rather doth think, that the Muscles arising from the Bones of the Carpus, and Metacarpus, to be either Adductors or Abductors.

This you have at Tab. 19. at M. M. Fig. 1.

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Secundi Internodii Pollicis, Flexor Primus.

THis Muscle ariseth broad,This bends the second Joynt of the Thumb. thin, and Fleshy, from that Os Metacarpi that receiveth the Fore-finger a little below his head, and running towards his Thumb grows somewhat triangular, and is inserted by a Membranous Tendon into the head of the second Joynt of the Thumb on the side next the Fore-finger.

This Muscle by most Anatomists is allowed to bend the second Joynt of the Thumb.Ʋse.

This you have at O. O. O. O. Fig. 1. & 2. Tab. 18. C. Shews the same laid bare at Tab. 21. Fig. 2. This is also shewn in situ at Tab. 18. at i. Fig. both.

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Secundus.

THis ariseth with a broad and Fleshy beginning,This worke as the former. from the middle part of Os Metacarpi of the third Finger, running to the Thumb, and is inserted into the middle of the second Joynt thereof, in its inward part.

This Muscle is said to be next to the former, and thus each do succeed one another in place and order; and as touching their proper Uses, you will meet them all summed up together in Quarto Musculorum Digitorum.

This you have at Tab. 18. at O. O. I.

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Tertius.

THis follows the second,This doth operate as the former. and is contiguous to it, this ariseth broad and Fleshy from the Os Metacarpi of the the third Finger, and is implanted into the same with the former.

This Muscle is also allowed to begin where the other ended: all these together do make up that Fleshy Mass which our Chiromancers make use of, which you have more fully in the next; they are contracted according to the Bone moving towards the other Fingers, and according to their variety of Operations they do express their diversity of Uses.

This you have at O. 3. in Tab. 18. at both Figures; This you have laid bare at D. D. Tab. 21. Fig. 2.

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Quartus.

THis ariseth Fleshy from the Os Metacarpi of the Little Finger about the middle of it,This brings the Thumb to the Little Finger. and running under the other, is inserted into the same Joynt as the former.

All these Muscles are Fleshy, of which, the two contracting the first Joynt, with that abducing the Thumb, do constitute that little Hillock of the Thumb so called by Chiromancers; but the third of the second Joynt maketh whatsoever is Fleshy between the Life-Line, and the aforesaid little Hill; these are contracted according as the rest of the Joynts of the Fingers,Ʋse. and they working together, do bring the Thumb to the side of the Little Finger, hereby working the Hand into a hollowness.

This Muscle brings the Thumb up to the great or Fore-Finger.

This Muscle running under the former is not to be shewn by Figure.

[Page]

The Explanation of the Twentieth Table.

FIG. I.

C C. Secundus Radii Terei.

a. Shews its beginning, b. Its Termination.

D. D. Carpi Flexor & Extensor Internus laid bare.

G. Externus Carpi Flexor laid bare.

K. Quadratus.

e. e. Shewing its beginning.

f. f. Its Termination.

M. M. Secundi Pollicis Internodii Flexores laid bare.

N. N. N. N. Interossei.

P. Minimum digitum Abducens.

FIG. II.

D. D. Primus digitorum Extensor.

a. Shews its beginning.

b. b. b. Its threefold division, f. f. f. Shews three Tendons belonging to him.

H. Pollicis Adductor.

L. M. Carpum Extendentes.

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TAB. XX.

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Minimi Digiti Abductor.

THe Fingers besides Flexion and Extension,This abduceth the Little Finger. and being brought to the sides, are both adduced and abduced; then said to be adduced when they are drawn towards the Thumb; abduced, when they are retracted from thence: and the Muscles which do perform these Motions are many, some of which are accounted common, others proper; the common are commonly reckoned eight, the which from their site are generally called Interossei.

This Muscle called Minimum Digitum Abducens, is planted in the bottom of the Hand under the Little Finger, short and strong, arising Fleshy from the fourth Bone of the Carpus, and so extending it self by the Metacarpe, is inserted into the outward side of the first Joynt of the Little Finger.

This Muscle doth abduce the Little Finger from the rest of the Fingers,Ʋse. and hath given it this particular Use, that whilst we do apprehend Sphaerical Figures, the same time, the Little Finger is abduced from the rest.

This is call'd also Hypothenar by some Authors.

This you have shewn you at Tab. 19. at Q. Fig. 1. At Tab. 20. you have at P. in this place, At Tab. 21. Fig. 1. you have it in situ, And at Fig. 2. of the same Table it is laid bare at E. E.

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Pollicis Abductor.

THe Thumb when moved laterally,This abduceth it from the Little Finger. is either abduced from the rest of the Fingers, or adduced; this Abducens ariseth Nervous near the Flexor Primi Internodii Pollicis, from the Interiour part of the Bone sustaining the Thumb; and then becoming Fleshy, implants it self by a Membranous Tendon into the first Joynt of the Thumb, and this abduceth it from the Little Finger.

This is call'd also Thenar according to the Greek Idiom which names the more protuberant parts of the Palm [...] à precutiendo. Ʋse.

This you have at Tab. 19. Fig. 2. at Q. & Fig. 1. at R. O. Shews the same laid bare at Fig. 2. Tab. 22. Ae. Shews the same in place, Tab. 21. Fig. 1.

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Pollicis Adductor.

ADducens is that which is seen in the space between the Pollex and the Index, This brings the Thumb to the Little Finger. and ariseth Fleshy from the outward and back part of that Os Metacarpi that sustains the Fore Finger, and is inserted Fleshy and broad to the inside of the Thumb to the first Joynt, and doth adduce the Thumb to the Index.

This is call'd Antithenar by some Authors.Ʋse.

This you have at Tab. 21. Fig. 2. at H. And at O. Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab. At Tab. 20. you have it at Fig. 2. at H.

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Interossei.

THese Interossei are generally accounted eight,These work the Fingers laterally. Fleshy and small, and long, arising from the Bones of the Metacarp, according to whose whole length they do march; when these do attain to the Roots of the Fingers, they become Tendons, and are laterally inserted from the first to the second Joynts; there are six of these planted in the three Joynts of the Bones of the Metacarp, (viz.) two in every one, so as one is carried to the inward, the other to the outward Finger, and another thereof belongs to the first Bone of the Metacarp which sustains the Index, and is incumbent in that part which respects the Thumb; the last adheres to the last Bone of the Metacarpus in the outward part of the Hand, or in its back thereof.

These Muscles by how much they do attain the rest,Ʋse. do also extend the second and third Bone, which is first observed by Galen 1 de usu part. 18. and this is the reason, why the Extensor of the Fingers being cut, yet their extension is not quite abolished: for these Interossei working together, do very excellently perform this Extension, and as they are implanted to the first Bone, if either of one of the Fingers be contracted, they do extend the first Joynt, if either, it either doth abduce or adduce it.

This you have at f. G. H. H. H. at Tab. 2. Fig. 2. At Tab. 2. you have the same at N. N. N. N. Fig. 1.

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Extensor Carpi exterior, sive Radiaeus Extcrnus, seu Bicornis.

THis is accounted the first of the outward Muscles of the Carpus, This extends the Carpus. it ariseth from the External accuminated part of the Arm, with a broad and Nervous beginning, then growing more Fleshy, he runs by the Radius according to its length, and arriving half way, it marcheth into a strong Tendon, and is presently inserted with a double Tendon into the first and second Bone of the Metacarpus; and hence by reason of its double Insertion and Origination, is by some called Geminus.

The Use of this Muscle is to extend the Carpus. Ʋse.

This you have at Tab. 22. Fig. 1. at E. B. B. Shews the same, id. Tab. Fig. 2. a. Shews its beginning, b. d. Its Tendinous Termination, I. K. K. Shews the same laid bare, Tab. 23. Fig. 2. I. Shews its beginning, K. K. Its two Venters, b. b. Declares its two Tendons produced thence, L. M. Shews them also at Tab. 20. Fig. 2.

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The Explanation of the One and twentieth Table.

FIG. I.

Ae Pollicem Abducens.

B. Primum Articulum Pollicis Flectentes.

C. C. Abducens Minimum Digitum.

D. Part of the Tendon of the third Flexor of the Thumb.

F. F. F. F. [...]umbricales.

f. f. f. f. Shews their Originations.

g. g. g. g. Their Tendons.

G. G. G. G. The four Tendons of the Flexores Tertii Internodii.

FIG. II.

B. Primi Pollicis Internodium Flexor.

a. Primi Pollicis Internodium Abducens.

C. C. Primus Secundi Pollicis Internodii Flexor laid bare.

D. D. Secundus & Tertius Secundi Pollicis Flexores.

E. E. Duo minimi digiti Abductores.

F. G. G. H. H. Interossei.

b. b. b. The Tendons thereof.

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TAB XXI

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Extensor Carpi Interior, sive Cubitaeus Internus.

THis ariseth from the Internal Apophysis of the Arm,This de [...]h extend the Hand. as also from the top of the Cubite, and being dilated through the Cubite according to his length near the Carpus, is turned into a strong and round Tendon, by which he is inserted into a Sinus, above the lower Appendix of the Cubite, and into the upper part of the Os Metacarpi of the Little Fingers.

That worthy Observation of these parts is,Obs. that all the Flexors are planted in the forepart, and do arise from the inward protuberance of the Arm, and that the Extensors are seated in the back part, and do take their Origination from the outward Extuberance: And thus the Hand by the benefit of the Carpus, joyned with the Radius, is made either to bend or extend it self.

This you have at C. C. Tab. 22. Fig. 2. e. Shewing its beginning, f. f. Its Tendinous end, L. M. Shews both the Extensors also at Tab. 20. Fig. 2. H. The same laid bare at Tab. 23. Fig. 2. e. Shewing its beginning, f. Shewing towards its Tendon.

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Digitorum Secundi & Tertii Internodii Tensor Communis.

AS there were some Muscles which did inflect the Fingers,These do extend the second and third Joynts of the Fingers. and others designed for contracting the Thumb, so also are there diverse Muscles appointed for extention of the same; This is nominated as the first of the Extenders of the Fingers, it ariseth partly Fleshy, and partly Nervous from the outward Apophysis of the Arm, and becoming more Fleshy, descending between the two Extensors of the Carpus, and then narrowing doth divide it self into three round Tendons, which are included in a common thin Mucaginous Coat, and so are carried under the Annular Ligament, passing which, they divide themselves, and are inserted into the first, middle, and third Fingers, at the second and third Joynts.

These Tendons do reach to the ends of the third Bone,Ʋse. and do lodge under the Nails, whence follows, that such sharp and girding pains do happen in these parts when any Injury falls upon them.

This you have at D. D. Tab. 22. Fig. 1.

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Minimi Digiti Tensor.

THis ariseth sharp and Nervous from the same part as the former,This doth assist in extension. and for near half way is united to it, so as they seem all as one, but coming to the transverse Ligament, it becomes a round, large, and Nervous Tendon, which is implanted into the first, second, and third Joynts of the Little Finger.

This you have described with the rest.

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The Explanation of the Two and twentieth Table.

FIG. I.

C. C. Digitorum Extensor Primus laid bare.

a. a. Shews its Tendon.

D. D. Extensor Digitorum Secundus.

E. Carpus Exterior Extendentium.

F. Indicem Abducens.

G. Pollicis Extensor Primus.

H. Pollicis Extensor Secundus.

O. Supinator Radii Brevis.

FIG. II.

B. B. Carpus Extendentium Exterior.

C. C. Carpus Interior Extendentium.

D. Supinator Radii Brevis.

H. Pollicis Extensor Primus laid bare.

I. Pollicis Extensor Secundus laid bare.

O. Pollicem Adducens.

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TAB. XXII

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Supinator Radii Longus.

THis is called Longus, This brings the Radius outwards. because it obtaineth the longest belly of all the Muscles which do creep about the Cubite.

This ariseth from the middle of the Os Humeri, and running obliquely over the Radius, at its bottom it becomes a Membranous Tendon, and is fastned to the upper part of the Appendix of the said Radius, inclining somewhat inwards.

If this and its Companion be contracted towards their Originations they do move the Radius forwards▪ as also the Hand,Ʋse. the which is tied to the lower part of the Radius by the benefit of the Carpus.

This you have at Tab. 23. Fig. 1. at C. a. Shewing its beginning, b. Its Tendon, D. Shews the same laid bare at Fig. 2. Tab. 23. a. Shews its beginning, b. b. Its Tendon.

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Secundi & Tertii Pollicis Tensor.

THis ariseth from the same place of the Cubite as the former,This extends the second and third Joynts of the Thumb. and ascends obliquely over the Radius, and divides its self into two unequal parts, yet closely adhering, and is carried in a proper Channel at the Appendix of the Radius: the upper part remaining somewhat Fleshy, yet at last becomes a round Tendon, and is inserted into the Os Carpi which receives the Thumb; the other being presently subdivided into two small pieces of Flesh do at length become Tendons: the first of which is inserted into the first Joynt of the Thumb, the other by a Membrane, fixeth its self to the second and third Joynts of the Thumb.

This you have at Tab. 22. at H. & I. Fig. 1. 1. At Fig. 2. ejusd. Tabul. shews the same.

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Indicem Abducens.

THis ariseth with a Fleshy Origination from the middle of the Cubite,This moves the [...] laterally. and so running obliquely to the Appendix of the Radius, it becomes two Tendons, which by a proper Sinus in the said Appendix are transmitted under the Annulary Ligament over the Metacarp, and the upper Tendon is carried to the Root of the Little Finger, the other is implanted into the Root of the second Finger obliquely, that it may abduce from the Thumb: it is accompanied with two Extensors of the Fingers in the lower Joynts, as the s [...]cond and third.

This you have at F. Fig. 1. Tab. 22.

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Supinator Radii Brevis.

THis being shorter and thinner than Supinator Radii Longus, Th [...] helps [...] in [...] Motion. ariseth from the Exteriour part of the Ligament of the lower Head of Os Humeri, and from the process of the Cubite; and running obliquely (outwardly Membranous, inwardly Fleshy) doth recover the middle of the Radius, and is strongly implanted into it.

These two Muscles if they do work together,Ʋse. they do contract the Radius forwards and outwards, and so do bring the Hand upwards: but the one draws the part downwards, and the other draws it upwards.

This you have at O. Tab. 22. Fig. 1. D. Shews the same at Tab. ejusd. Fig. 2. D. Shews the same at Tab. 23. Fig. 2. c. Shewing its Insertion into the Radius, E. Shews it at Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab. c. Shewing its Origination, D. Its Tendon.

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Primi Internodii Extensores.

THey arise Fleshy,These do extend the first Joynts of the Fingers. round, long, and slender from the Bones of the Metacarp, and so running to the Roots of the Fingers, are laterally inserted to the first and second Joynts of the Fingers, and are to be raised as the Flexores primi Internodii; When these Muscles are contracted to their Originations, the second and third Joynts of the Fingers, together with the help of the Interossei are primarily extended,Ʋse. and in time of need, may serve to assist in oblique Motions: and wise Nature placed these inwardly, that if by any mischance the outward Tendons might receive any mischief, or happen to be wounded, yet by the assistance of these, the Fingers might be extended.

This you have at D. D. Tab. 20. Fig. 2. a. Shews its beginning, b. b. b. Its division into three Fleshy parts.

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The Explanation of the Three and twentieth Table.

FIG. I.

D Supinator Radii Longus laid bare.

a. Shewing its beginning.

b. b Its Tendon.

E. Supinator Radii Brevis.

C. Shews its Origination.

D. Its Insertion.

H. Shews the Ligament which distinguishes the External Muscles from the Internal.

FIG. II.

C. Supinator Radii Longus.

D. Supinator Radii Brevis, c. Shews its Insertion.

H. Carpum Extendens Interior laid bare.

e. Shews its beginning, f. Its Tendon.

I. K. K. Carpum Extendens Exterior laid bare.

b. b. Shews its two Tendons.

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TAB. XIII

Next come we to the Body it self as it lies.

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Serratus Major Posticus.

TO the former Muscles of the Thorax are also added these two,These do dilate the Thorax. so called Serrati postici from their Actions, as also from their Indentings: and Postici being contrary to those Serrati we have already described, and they are also called either Superiores or Inferiores from their places which they do possess.

This Muscle being small is inserted in the Back under Rhomboides, between either Scapula, and upon the first pair of the Muscles of the Head, arising very thin and Membranous; from the Spinal processes of the three last Vertebres of the Neck, and the first of the Thorax, and in its oblique progress towards the Convex part of the Thorax it becomes Fleshy, and is inserted into the four upper Ribs, by so many distinct Terminations, and by drawing them upwards doth dilate the Thorax.

This you have at Tab. 24. at C. in situ, d. d. Shewing its beginning, e. e. e. Its end consisting of three sorts of Fibres, D. The same laid bare.

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Serratus Posticus Inferior.

THis Muscle is broad,This dilates the lower part of the Thorax. thin, and Membranous, placed almost in the middle of the Back under Latissimus, and the Aniscalptor of the Arm, arising from the Spines of the lower Vertebres of the Back, and the first of the Loyns, and marching along transversly becomes Fleshy, and is inserted into the four lower Ribs by so many distinct Terminations, the which drawing outwards doth dilate the lower part of the Thorax. Ʋse.

E. Shews this at Tab. 24. f. f. Shews its Origination, g. g. g. Its Serrated Insertion, F. This Muscle laid bare.

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Splenius sive Triangularis.

THis ariseth double:This brings the Head backwards. First, from the Spines of the fourth, fifth, third, second, and first Vertebres of the Thorax: Secondly, from the Spines of the five lower Vertebres of the Neck, and so running broad and long about the third Vertebre of the Neck, both the Originations do unite: and by oblique Fibres both Muscles do insert themselves into the middle of the Occiput; You must take off from its Originations, and preserve as many of its Ansulae as you can between the Spines by running between, and recovering its Tendon; If both move,Ʋse. they draw the Head directly backwards, if only one move, it turns the Head laterally.

This you have at Tab. 24. at A. A. A. A. Shews the same at Tab. 26. This you have at B. B. also Tab. 25. Fig. 1.

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Trigeminus sive Complexus.

THis is the second pair of the Extenders,This extends the Neck. lying under the former, and is called Trigeminus, because it has allowed it a threefold Origination, and seemeth to be conflated out of three Muscles running into one: it hath various beginnings, and obtains both many and Nervous parts; it ariseth threefold, first, from the fourth and fifth transverse Processes of the Vertebres of the Thorax and immediately becoming Fleshy doth ascend over the rest of those Vertebres, until he reacheth the lowest Vertebre of the Neck, where it becomes a round Tendon; Not far from thence again it becomes Fleshy, and inserts it self into the middle of the Occiput; The second Origination is by a short round Nerve from the same Process of the last Vertebre of the Neck, and thence becoming Fleshy is joyned to the other before its Insertion; The third Origination is partly Fleshy, and Nervous from the transverse Processes of the first and second Vertebres of the Thorax, and running obliquely outwards, after union with the former, is inserted into the Root of the Mammillary Process, bestowing an Ansula upon every transverse Process of the Neck. To find this fairly, divide the sides of Spinatus, and Longissimus Dorsi, and his Origination will more plainly appear.

Riolanus doth observe that the Fibres both of this Complexus and Splenius to be intersected and disposed cross-ways for the better strengthning of either Muscle.Obs.

B. B. Shews this at Tab. 24. B. B. Shews the same at Tab. 26. C. Shews the same laid bare at the same Table.

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Transversalis.

THis ariseth from the transverse Processes of the six upper Vertebres of the Thorax, This extends the Neck. and so growing thicker, is implanted externally into all the transverse Processes of the Neck, and hence had it given it its name, and doth draw the Neck backwards: but one of these only working,Ʋse. they bend it obliquely downwards; between these are carried the Nerves of the Spinal Marrow, passing out of the Vertebres of the Neck.

This you have at E. E. Fig. 2. Tab. 25.

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The Explanation of the Twenty fourth Table.

A A. Triangulare by some called Splenius.

b. b. Shews its first and second sides.

B. B. Trigeminus.

C. Serratus Posticus Superior.

d. d Shews its Origination.

e. e. e. Shews its Termination.

D. Shews the same laid bare.

E. Serratus Posticus Inferior.

f. f. Shews its Origination.

g. g. g. Its Insertion.

F. Shews the same Muscle laid bare.

G. Shews Rhomboides laid bare.

h. h. Shews its Fleshy beginning.

i. i. Its Fleshy Termination.

H. H. Longissimus Dorsi.

I. The same laid bare.

K. K. Sacrolumbus.

L. M. N. The same laid bare.

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Spinati Colli.

THis pair are long and large,This extends as the former. possessing the whole Neck, between the Spines: it ariseth with many beginnings from the Roots of the Spines of the seven uppermost Vertebres of the Thorax, and ascending, gets a Tendon out of every transverse process of the Vertebres of the Neck, and is firmly implanted into the whole lower part of the second Spine of these Vertebres, and there the right and left do meet, and are so all the way united, that they are not divisible but by the Spine;Ʋse. These with the former do also extend the Neck, and then the Head, either directly, if they work together, or if they work singly or apart, it brings it obliquely.

F. f. f. These you shall have at Fig. 2. Tab. 25.

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Recti Majores.

THese are the fourth pair:These extends the Head. this Muscle is small, thin, and Fleshy, arising from the points of the Spines of the second Vertebre of the Neck, and ascending, are inferred into the middle of the Occiput, and doth help the motion of the third pair.

These are generally held to be the fourth pair of the Neck, and are granted to give assistance to the former in their Extentions.

This you have at E. Fig. 1. Tab. 26. At 25. you have them at C. C. At b. b. you have them, id. Tab. Fig. 2.

24

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TAB XXIV.

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Recti Minores.

THese pair lying under the former,These do help the former. being of the same substance and shape, accompanied with the like ductus, do arise from a small protuberance of the first Vertebre of the Neck round, and ascending, are implanted as the former underneath them; by the benefit of these Majores and Minores, if the whole pair work together, it extends the Head directly,Ʋse. but if one only move, it is moved laterally.

Nature hath made so many Muscles for extention of the Head,Obs. that Man might more aptly fit himself for the Contemplation of Coelestial Bodies, and for this Motion, small Muscles were thought most requisite: and lest they might tire or grow weary in their long dependence, Providence hath ordered to these, long Muscles, more properly adapted for a longer bowing of the Head, or extending it to a sharper Angle.

These you have at Fig. 1. Tab. 25. at D. D. Fig. 2. ejusd: Tab. you have them at b. b.

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Obliqui Superiores.

THe sixth pair are planted under the Recti or the forementioned,These do turn the Head about. answering their form or shape, being but small, and arising from the outward side of the Recti at their implantations, and obliquely descending, are inserted into the process of the first Vertebre of the Neck: if both move,Ʋse. they nod, and directly backwards: if only one, it inclines the Head laterally.

These are called Obliqui from their site, and one pair are implanted above another, either of which do lie under the Recti Extendentes, whose substance and form they exactly do answer. Bauhinus will have these to arise in the Occiput, and to end in the lateral processes of the first Vertebre of the Neck.

These you have at F. Fig. 1. Tab. 26. At Tab. 25. you have the same at E. E. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. ejusd. Tabul. you have them at e. e.

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Obliqui Inferiores.

THis lower pair ariseth longish,This helps the former. Fleshy, and thin from the Spine of the second Vertebre of the Neck, and obliquely ascending, are inserted with the Obliqui Superiores into the transverse Process of the first Vertebre.

When these are contracted,Ʋse. they work it about the Spine circularly, whence it is, that the Head consisting upon the same, it is also moved circularly therewith to the sides; but because these two pair are very small, the two former pair of Extensors, they do help those in their Motion, as also those of the right, as we have already shewn.

These you have at Tab. 25. Fig. 1. at F. And at d. d. you have them at Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab.

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The Explanation of the Twenty fifth Table.

FIG. I.

A Trigeminus.

B. Splenius.

C. C. Recti Majores.

D. D. Recti Minores.

E. E. Obliqui Superiores.

F. F. Obliqui Inferiores.

FIG. II.

a. a. Recti Minores.

b. b. Recti Majores.

c. c. Obliqui Superiores.

d. d. Obliqui Inferiores.

E. E. Transversales Col [...]i.

f. f. f. f. Spinati Colli.

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TAB. XXV.

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Longissimus Dorsi.

THis Muscle hath not this name given it,This extents the Thorax. only because it is planted between the Muscles of the Back, but being as the longest of the whole Body: for it ariseth from all the Spines of the Os Sacrum, and Vertebres of the Loins, as also from the inward part of the Os Il [...]on, where it joyns it self to the Sacrum, being the first and chief pair, its beginning being externally strong and Nervous, and somewhat Acute, but within Fleshy, and so ascending, doth fix it self to the transverse Processes of the Loyns, and becomes more Fleshy; then marching on, it narrows it self, and gives a small Nervous Tendon upon every transverse Process of the Thorax, except the twelfth, and doth insert it self into the said Process of the first Vertebre of the Thorax, although sometimes it attains the Mammillary Process.

This is allowed to extend both the Thorax, Ʋse. the Loyns, and their Vertebres: upon this borders the whole Sacrolumbus in its outside, whose beginning with this is one and the same, and is also continued from the end of the Os Sacrum to the twelfth Vertebre of the Thorax, and so continued in its whole progress through the Loyns.

This you have at H. H. Fig. 1. Tab. 24. I. I. Shews the same laid bare in the Right side, H. H. I. You have the same at Tab. 26. b. b. The same laid bare.

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Sacrolumbus.

THis Muscle lieth under Serratus Posticus Inferior, Th [...] helps the form [...]r in extending the Thorax. having the same Origination with Longissimus Dorsi, and doth adhere to him externally lateral, according to its length, until it hath got the twelfth Vertebre of the Thorax, where they seem to be two, although scarce divisible by dissection, and so growing thinner, doth insert it self by two small Tendons into every Rib of the Thorax at their Incurvation.

About these Tendons there doth arise a great dispute amongst Anatomists;Ʋse. for some with Laurentius do think this Muscle to send forth a double Tendon, one upwards to the lower parts of the Ribs, the other downwards to their upper part; and these Tendons thus diversly mediating (which are manifestly seen about the Ribs) are seen to attol the Ribs upwards in inspiration, and to draw them downwards in expiration; The truth is, these contrary actions are not to be reasonably conjectured to be acted by one certain Muscle: and that it may very well be allowed, that these descending Tendons ought to proceed from some other peculiar Muscle, here upon a diligent enquiry, we find them to proceed from a certain Muscle substrated to the Sacrolumbus, and to this it is so closely annexed, that it is scarce perfectly to be separated from it.

This you have at K. K. Tab. 24. L. M. N. The same laid bare.

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Cervicalis Descendens.

THis takes its Origination from the third,This doth extend the Thorax. fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh Vertebres of the Neck, and hence by Diemerbroeck is Christened by the name of Cervicalis Descendens, thence arising Fleshy, sending forth Tendons, somewhat downwards into the upper part of all the Ribs, directly opposite to those Tendons of the Sacrolumbus, and these Tendons thus intersecting themselves, do not work together but by turns; As the Tendons of the Descendentis Cervicalis, do draw the Ribs upwards in [...]spiration,Exspiration. so the Sacrolumbal Tendons in expiration do draw the Ribs downwards, so as they may be moved to, and contracted by them.

As to this Muscle the Author will further satisfie you, and therefore I recommend you to Diemerbroeck.

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Sacer.

FOr the various Motions of the Back and Loyns,This extends the Loyns. as forwards, backwards, and laterally, to every of the Vertebres are implanted Tendons of Muscles; Our Accurate Dissectors of late have found four pair of Muscles to be planted in the Back and Loyns, by whose help, the strong Motions of these parts are performed: some appointed for Contraction, others for Extension.

This pair are so called from their Origination, because they do arise from the Exterior part of the Os Sacrum, where they are joyned to the Spine, and so arising Fleshy, have three several Tendinous Insertions: the first into the upper part of the transverse Processes of the Vertebres of the Loyns, the other into the Root of the same Processes, and the third into the Spine of the same Vertebre; To find this out, you must raise Latissimus Dorsi, and Sacrolumbus from their Membranous Originations; at Os Ileon, Os Sacrum, and from the Lumbal Spines, and immediately under this will this appear in situ, these helping forwards the action of Longissimus Dorsi.

This you have at L. M. N. at Tab. 26. L. M. Shewing its beginning, N. Its Termination.

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Semispinatus.

THis is the fourth pair,This extends the Thorax. arising with a Nervous beginning from all the Spines of the Os Sacrum, and Loyns, and becoming Fleshy, doth bestow a Nervous Tendon upon every Spine of the Vertebres ascending, and terminates acutely in the Spine of the first Vertebre of the Thorax, extending it.

This by Spigelius is accounted the second pair of the Muscles extending the Thorax. Ʋse.

This is shewn at Tab. 26. at K. K. c. c. Shewing its beginning, d. Its Termination.

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Quadratus.

THis Muscle is called Quadratus from the resemblance it hath with a square:This Muscle extends the Loyns. it ariseth from the back part, and upper Cavity of Os Ileon, as also from the upper part of Os Sacrum, broad, thick, and Fleshy, and so ascending over the Vertebres of the Loyns, doth adhere internally to their transverse Processes, and inserts it self being grown narrower, to the inner part of the twelfth Rib Fleshy, and doth bend the Vertebres of the Loyns forwards:Ʋse. and one only working, it bends it obliquely forwards to the sides.

The Loyns are concerned with three Motions,Ʋse. the which are performed by two pair of Muscles, for they are bent forwards, extended backwards, and brought laterally, they are contracted by these two, and extended by Sacer.

This you have shewn at R. R. Tab. 26.

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Psoas vel Lumbaris.

SInce Ambulation is the proper office and work of the Foot, and this being very consistent in Firmation and Motion, (for when one Foot remains on the Ground, the other is lifted up, and so inoved forward for the compleating of Ambulation) now for the performance of either of these Functions, its very requisite these parts should be furnished with such Muscles as may make forwards towards these Extensions and Contractions, as also to the promoting of the various Motions of the Thigh, Leg, and Foot, these being according to our pleasures either extended, contracted, adduced, abduced, and wrought or brought about: amongst the Contractors we meet with this, as the first called Lumbaris or [...].

It ariseth Livid and Fleshy from the sides of the Bodies of the two last Vertebres of the Thorax, This bends the Thigh. and the three uppermost of the Loyns, and from their transverse Processes descending somewhat round from the inner part of the Os Ileon; to the Os Pubis, where it becomes a strong and round Tendon, and running through its Sinues,Ʋse. is implanted into the upper part of the lesser Rotator: Its Use is to draw the Thigh upwards, and to bend it inwards; and because the Kidneys do lie upon this Muscle, as Laurentius doth observe,Obs. over which is spread a notable Nerve, hence it happens, that such as are troubled with the Stone, do find a sleepiness in that side of the Thigh whereon the Stone is lodged, by its compression.

D. D. Shews this at Tab. 27. b. b. Shews its Origination, E. Its Tendon, F. F. The Nerves which pass hence into the Thigh, G. G. G. The same laid bare.

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The Explanation of the Twenty sixth Table.

A Splenius.

a. a. a. Shews its Ansulae.

B. B. Trigeminus.

C. The same laid bare.

D. D. Transversales Colli.

E. Rectus Major.

F. Obliquus Superior.

G. Obliquus Inferior.

H. H. I. Dorsi Longissimus laid bare.

b. b. Shews the same wholly laid bare.

a. a. a. Shews its inward Face and Ansulae.

K. K. Semispinatus.

L. M. N. Sacer.

L. L. Shews its Origination.

R. R. Lumbales Quadrati.

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TAB. XXVI

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Psoas Parvus.

BEsides the former, in some Bodies is seen this Psoas Parvus, This doth help the former. so called by Bauhine, it ariseth Fleshy the length of a little Finger, and is dilated with a slender and plain Tendon above the Psoas, and ends with the Psoas and Ileon, and embraceth them very firmly; Riolan. affirms he never could find this in Women; Bartholine writes, that he saw this Muscle arising in a strong and Fleshy Man at the Hague, Obs. whose beginning was Fleshy, and did equal the breadth of three transverse Fingers; it was inserted Fleshy in the upper Posterior Margent of the Os Ilii, Its Ʋse. at the Origination of the Iliacus Internus: he supposed its Use to be as a Pillow to the former, and that whereas the Os Ileon of it self was immovable, or that it might sustain the Os Ileon erected, lest by the standing too much thereon, it might cause a weariness and prove burthensom.

Our Master of Anatomy, Mr. William Molins in the Year of his being Master doth mention this Muscle, in the Body then Dissected by him.

This Muscle lies under the former, but appears not very frequently.

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The Explanation of the Twenty seventh Table.

A A. Shews Quadrati.

D. D. Psoas or Lumbalis.

b. b. Shews its Origination.

E. Its Tendon.

G. G. G. The same laid somewhat bare.

I. I. I. Iliacus Internus.

L. L. M. M. M. The same laid bare.

O. Lividus.

P. The same laid bare.

R. Rectus.

T. Fascialis.

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TAB: XXVII

We arrive now to the taking the Thigh off from the Trunck of the Body, by dividing Os Ileon from the Os Sacrum, after which, will this appear as the most proper Order of Dissecting these following Muscles.

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Iliacus Internus.

THis is the second Muscle of the Thigh,This contracts the Thigh directly. proceeding from the whole Spine of the Os Ileon semicircular broad, and internally Fleshy, then narrowing, and growing thicker becomes Tendinous, and passing through the same Sinus with the Psoas, is implanted into the same Rotator a little below it. This is allowed to bend the Thigh directly, that is, when it is raised towards the Body,Ʋse. so as that it inclines to no one side, and when we make a right Angle with the Spine, then we properly say the Thigh is contracted, when sitting we sit with contracted Thighs.

This you have at 27. Tab. at I. I. I. L. L. The same laid bare id. Tab. M. M. M. Shews its Fleshy beginning.

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Glutaeus Major.

THis is the first of the Extenders,This extends the Thigh obliquely backwards. the which with its other two doth make up the Fleshy Mass of the Buttocks, the Skin being laid bare, this shews its broad beginning, enated from diverse Bones: it ariseth from the whole Spine of the Os Ileon externally, then from the lower part of the Os Sacrum laterally; And thirdly, from the Os Coxendix large, and Fleshy, running obliquely down over the Juncture of the Os Coxendix; and growing narrower is implanted by a broad and strong Tendon into the first Impression of the great Rotator, and part of it also the Linea aspera.

Then we properly do affirm the Thigh to be extended,Ʋse. when it's brought outwards, (viz.) as when we stand as it were with divaricate Thighs, or Thighs that are placed at a distance.

This you have at Tab. 28. at C. C. C. a. a. a. Shews its upper part, b. b. Its other part, H. I. K. The same laid bare. H. H. H. The thick and Fleshy beginning of it, 1. 1. 1. Its thick Belly, K. K. Its Tendinous Substance.

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Glutaeus Medius.

THis Muscle ariseth under the former,This extends it obliquely forwards. much like it both in site and magnitude, from the forepart of the Spine, as also from the back of Os Ileon, Fleshy, broad, and semicircular, and obliquely descending, narrows it self, and doth enwrap the Juncture as the former, and is implanted by a broad, strong and Membranous Tendon transversly into the fourth impression of the great Rotator; Ʋse. This is said to extend the Thigh and draw it upwards, and laterally forwards, as some imagine, but I humbly conceive it assisteth the Glutaeus Major, and depresseth the Os Femoris: and after it is lifted up by the Psoas and Iliacus Internus, this Muscle pulleth it down again, and is as an Auxiliary Muscle to the Glutaeus Major, and Minor, in the extension of the Thigh.

L. L. Shews this Muscle in situ at Tab. 28. e. e. Shews its Fleshy beginning, B. B. Shews the same in situ, Tab. 29. D. e. f. Shews it laid bare, D. D. D. Shews its Fleshy beginning, E. Its Fleshy Belly, F. Its Tendon.

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Glutaeus Minor.

THis lies wholly under the second, [...] arising livid, broad, Semicircular and Fleshy, about the lower part of the back of the Ileon near the Acetabulum of the Coxendix, and so runs obliquely forwards Fibrous, according to the Ligament that binds in the head of the Os Femoris, and is implanted by a broad and strong Tendon into the third impression of the great Rotator.

These three do extend the Thigh, and do draw it backwards, and so extend it.Ʋse. I conceive it most probable, they all unite in pulling the Os Femeris downward and backward, after it is elevated by the Flexors, the Psoas, and Iliacus Internus.

This is shewn at Tab. 29. at G. G. a. a. Shews its beginning, This you have laid bare at Tab. 29. at a. a. a. b. b.

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Iliacus Externus vel Pyriformis.

THis Circumagent Motion is performed when the Thigh is Circumverted;This brings the Thigh about upwards. which thus happens: when standing with the Right Foot firm upon the Ground, we move the Thigh obliquely; this Motion is twofold, for its either brought outwards or inwards: outwards when the Knee is moved outwards, and the Heel inwards: inwards when the Knee is brought to the Ham, and the Heel forwards; Amongst these Circumagent Muscles this is reckoned the first

It ariseth thick and Fleshy from the three lower Vertebres of the Os Sacrum, and running transversly becomes a round Tendon, and is inserted into the fourth impression of the great Rotator, This draws the Thigh upwards,Ʋse. outwards, and backwards, this is allowed the thickest Muscle in Human Body, and is stuffed out with wonderful variety of Fibres.

This is shewn at Tab. 28. at M. f. Shews its beginning, g. Its Tendon, H. Tab. 29. Shews the same in situ, K. Shews the same laid bare, L. Shews its beginning, M. Its long and slender Tendon, This you have laid bare at Tab. 32. at L.

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The Explanation of the Twenty eighth Table.

C. C. C. Glutaeus Magnus.

a. a. a. Shews the Circumference of its Origination.

H. I. K. The same laid bare.

H. H. H. Shews its first and Fleshy Origination.

I. I. I. Its Venter.

K. K. Its Tendinous Substance.

L. L. Glutaeus Medius.

C. C. Shews its Fleshy beginning.

M. Pyriformis.

Q. Q. Marsupialis.

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TAB. XXVIII.

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Obturator Internus sive Marsupialis.

THis ariseth Fleshy and large from the Membrane internally that covers the great perforation of the Os Pubis, This brings the Thigh round about outwards. and covering the whole inward face of that Bone and Coxendix, grows narrower, and sends forth three or four Tendons which are carried through the Sinus of the Coxendix, which is arched over, according to its length, with a strong Ligament, backwards to the outwards part of the Coxendix, where they are received into a Fleshy Purse, and so making one Tendon, are implanted into the Sinus of the great Rotator, and doth make the outward Rotation; This Muscle must be raised inwards, and got through the Sinus under the Ligament, then its Purse will plainly appear.

This is shewn at Tab. 28. at Q. Q. O. Shews the same at Tab. 2 [...]. This you have also, Tab. 29. at D. E. F. G. G. Shews the same laid bare, H. Shews its Fleshy Purse.

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Quadrigeminus.

THis ariseth Fleshy from the rising of the Os Ileon, This brings the Thigh about backwards. and from the Appendix of the Coxendix, and runs broad, short and Fleshy towards the hinder part of the great Rotator, and is inserted into that space of the Bone which is between the two Rotators; the head of [...]ividus and part of Triceps must be thrown off, before the Origination of this will be cleared, or Obturator Externus found out.

This Muscle by Vesalius is divided into two M [...]scles.

These Circumagent Muscles do then bring the Thigh about,Obs. when standing directly, and firm on the Earth we move the Thigh obliquely, and this Motion appears double, as outwards or inwards; that properly granted inwards, when the Knee is brought toward the Poples, and the Heel carried outwards: that outwards, when the Knee is carried outwards, and the Heel brought inwards.

This you have at Tab. 30. at I.

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Obturator Externus.

THis hath its name from its Origination,This brings the Thigh about inwards. it arising from the outward part of the Cavity, and is subjacent to the Pectinaeus, it arising large and Fleshy from the Membrane that enwrappeth the perforation of the Os Pubis externally, and so running transversly to the back part of the Thigh, becomes narrower, and is inserted by a strong Tendon into the the Sinus of the great Rotator, Ʋse. and doth direct the inward Rotation. You must carefully bring your Knife inwardly about the edge of the perforation of the Os Pubis, and it will both arise and appear the better.

This (together with the Internus) fill up the Cavity which lies betwixt the Os Pubis and Ischium, whence it has its denomination.

This you have at Tab. 32. at H. I. K. Shews the same laid bare, C. C. Shews the same at Tab. 30 S. Shews the same at Tab. 31. This you have also at Tab. 32. at H. in its place, I. K. Shews it laid bare.

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The Explanation of the Twenty ninth Table.

A. A. A. A. Lividus.

C. C. Obturator Externus.

D. D. E. Obturator Internus.

D. D. Shews its broad and Semicircular head

E. E. The Tendons thereof.

F. F. The Marsupium or Purse it self.

G. G. Shews the same laid bare

H. Shews its Fleshy Purse.

I. Q [...]adrigeminus.

K. Seminervosus.

L. Semimembranosus.

M. Biceps.

O. Seminervosus laid bare.

P. Shews its Fleshy Origination.

Q. Its Nervous Termination.

R. Semimembranosus laid bare.

S. Shews its Nervous head.

V. Biceps laid bare.

X. Shews its Origination.

Y. Shews its Tendinous Insertion.

a. a. a. b. b. Glutaeus Minimus laid bare.

c. Pyriformis laid bare.

m. m. m. Shews Triceps in situ.

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TAB. XXVIIII

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Membranosus.

THe Leg hath three motions allowed it,This extends the Leg directly. it being either extended, contracted, or brought somewhat obliquely outwards, all the Extenders are implanted in the fore side of the Thigh, and these working together, do extend it aright; This Muscle by Anatomists is reckoned as the first of the Extenders.

It ariseth sharp, externally Nervous, inwardly Fleshy, from the Spine of the Os Ileon, on that side next Sartorius, and then becomes broad, and Nervously Membranous, enwrapping all the Muscles of the Thigh within its self; then covering the Patella and two Focills in their outward part, is there implanted, and doth extend the Leg directly;Ʋse. and as some Authors will have, doth somewhat abduce it outwards.

As much as possibly may be, is to be kept of this Membrane in Dissection, and the division thereof to be made in the back part.

This yon have at Tab. 30. at M. M. O. O. O. M. M. Shewing its beginning, O. O. Declaring its broad Tendon, Q R. S. Shews the same laid bare.

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Sartorius sive Fascialis.

THis Muscle hath its name from its daily use which is made of it by Taylors,This bends the Leg. and Shoomakers, who when they be at their work, do generally sit Cross-leg'd, some call this Fascialis from Fascia, a Ligature or Swadling Band.

It ariseth sharp, Fleshy and Nervous from the fore part of the Spine of the Os Ileon, and then becoming Fleshy and broad, runneth obliquely internally over the Muscles of the Thigh, becoming Tendinous and broad at the inward Appendix of the Os Femoris; and is implanted by a broad Tendon, as some Authors affirm, and round, as others into the Tibia.

Riolan. Ʋse. writes, that this doth not bend the Leg, but rather doth bring it inwards, and so he supposeth doth more aptly extend it; This is one of the longest Muscles in Human Body.

This you have at Tab. 30. at A. A. B. Shews its Origination, C. Its Termination, D. D. Shews the same laid bare, T. Shews it also at Tab. 27.

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Gracilis.

THis is generally accounted the second of the Contractors:This doth assist the former. it ariseth large and Nervous from the middle of the Os Pubis, according to the length of its Cartilage, and so descending inwards towards the Ham Fleshy, doth there become a round Tendon, at the inner head of the Os Femoris, inserting it self into the Tibia near the former.

The first and second of the Flexors are planted in the fore part of the Thigh,Obs. the one outwards, the other inwards, the rest in the back part thereof; if they be all contracted together, they do bend the Leg directly, but the first four only working, they do bring it somewhat inwards, whilst the other endeavours to carry it outwards, and by this motion, the end of the Foot in which the Toes are implanted is somewhat brought outwards.

This is shewn at F. F. in its place, Tab. 30. G. Shews its Commissure, H. Shews its Insertion, I. K. L. Shews the same laid bare, I. Shewing its Nervous beginning, K. Its round Belly, and L. Its round Tendon.

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The Explanation of the Thirtieth Table.

A A. Fascialis or Sartorius.

D. D. Shews the same laid bare.

F. F. Gracilis.

I. K. L. The same laid bare.

M. M. O. O. Membranosus.

Q. R. S. The same Muscle laid bare.

V. V. Triceps in either side.

X. Obturator Externus.

Y. Lividus.

Z. The same laid bare.

a. a. Rectus in situ.

b. b. Vastus Internus in situ.

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TAB. XXX

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Vastus Externus.

THis from its great Mass of Flesh,This also doth extend the Leg. hath its name given it, and is the third of the Extenders, arising broad and Nervous from the Root of the great Rotator, cleaving to the upper and outward part of the Os Femoris, and so descending Fleshy to the Patella, it becomes a Membranous broad Tendon, and mixing with the Tendon of the Rectus makes the same covering for the Patella, carrying the same insertion with it.

This you have at G. G. G. G. in its place at Tab. 31. H. Shews the beginning of this Muscle, I. Its Tendinous Membrane.

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Vastus Internus.

THis is the fourth extending Muscle,This works as the former. arising Nervous from part of the lesser Rotator, and from the neck of the Os Femoris, and growing Fleshy, adheres to the Anterior, and Interior part of the said Os Femoris, and recovering the Patella, mixeth it self with the two former, covering the Patella, and taketh its insertion in the same place as they do.

This you have at L. L. L. Tab. 31. This you have also in its place at Tab. 30. at v. v.

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Biceps.

THis is the fifth inflecting Muscle,This doth contract the Leg. arising sharp and Nervous from the Appendix of the Coxendix, and growing Fleshy, runs down externally, and being got half way, it attenuates and grows Nervous, as tending to a Tendon, where it joyns it self with its other head which ariseth from the Os Femoris, where Glutaeus Major hath its insertion, and so growing thicker, outwardly Nervous, becomes a strong Tendon, and runs through the outward Sinus of the outward part of the head of the Os Femoris, and fixeth it self firmly to the outward side of the upper Appendix of the Fibula; Sometimes this Muscle is distinguished with a double beginning and ending,Obs. so observed by Vesalius, and therefore by him this is called Duplex.

This Muscle doth bend the Leg and pull it backward.Ʋse.

This you have laid bare at Tab. 32. at O. O. At Tab. 29. you have it at M. V. Shews this laid bare at Tab. 29. X. Shews its beginning, Y. Shews its Tendinous Substance, Z. Its Fleshy Mole or Substance.

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Semimembranosus.

THis is accounted the fourth of the Inflectors,This bends the Leg. arising where the former did, with a small Membranous beginning, and running downwards by the back part of the Thigh, doth continue Membranous half its progress; and then becoming Fleshy and thick, inserteth it self by a round Tendon into the Ham, in the inner side of the [...]ibia; The first of the four Inflectors being tied into the inner side of the Tibia, and the fifth into the Fibula; the first makes the inward hardness in the Ham, the other, the outward.

This you have at Tab. 29. at L. You have the same laid bare at R. S. Shews its Nervous Head, T. Its broad Tendon.

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The Explanation of the One and thirtieth Table.

A A. Rectus.

D. E. F. The same laid bare.

D. Shewing its sharp and Nervous Origination.

E. Its Fleshy Venter.

F. Its strong Tendon.

G. G. G. G. Vastus Externus.

H. Its beginning.

I. Its Membranous Tendon.

L. L. L. Vastus Internus.

Q. Q. Q. Q. Triceps in either side.

S. S. Obturator Externus.

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TAB XXXI

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Seminervosus.

THis hath its name from its Substance,This works as the former. it being partly Nervous, and partly Fleshy, and is the third pair: it ariseth small and Nervous from the same Appendix as the former, and so continuing half way in its descent, it then becomes Fleshy, running by the back part of Os Femoris, to the Ham, near which it becomes a round Tendon, and reflecting it self, is inserted into the forepart of the Tibia.

This Tendon hath allowed it this worth observation,Obs. that it reacheth even to the middle of the length of the Tibia, with the rest of the Tendons implanted to the Tibia, the which do scarse descend so far.

This you have at Tab. 29. at K. O. Shews the same laid bare, P. P. Shews its Nervous beginning, Q. Its Nervous Tendon.

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Triceps.

THis is the largest of all the Muscles of the Thigh,This brings the Thigh inwards. yea, I may say, of the whole Body; its apparently seen to have three heads, all which do conclude in one end: It a [...]iseth with three heads, the first Fleshy and Nervous from the Appendix of the Coxendix, the which swelling, doth dilate it self into the hinder part of the Thigh, and then growing small, doth end in a round Tendon, at the inner head of the said Os Femoris; The second ariseth Fleshy from the Coxendix at its conjunction with the Pubis, and terminates at the Root of the lesser Rotator, and in the upper part of the Aspera Linea; The third ariseth Fleshy from the lower part of the Os Coxendix, and is implanted into the Linea Aspera of the said Os Femoris; To which some add a fourth, (viz. the following call'd Pectineus) which seems to be a part of this.

This is a Riding Muscle,Ʋse. drawing the Thigh inward, and fixeth the Rider to his Seat, keeping him firm in the Saddle, and may be truely stiled Musculus Pudicitiae, as assisted by the Lividus in keeping the Legs close.

This you have at Tab. 31. at Q. Q. Q. Q. A. A. A. A. Shews it in Tab. 32. B. Shews its beginning, D. D. D. Shews the same laid bare, E. Shews its beginning, F. G. The division of its Tendon.

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Lividus sive Pectinalis.

THis is allowed the fourth of the Inflectors,This bends the Thigh obliquely inward. it ariseth broad and Fleshy from the forepart of the Os Pubis, near its Cartilage, obliquely descending, and is inserted by a large and short Tendon to the inside of the Os Femoris, near its middle, so as it strongly brings the Thigh upwards and inwards.

By Bartholine this Muscle is reckoned amongst the Adducent Muscles.

This Muscle is assistent to the Triceps, Ʋse. being an Adductor of the Thigh, which it pulleth inward, being very useful in Riding, keepeth a Horseman close to the Saddle; and (as was before said) seems to be a part of the Triceps, though it does not so closely adhere to it, but it may be separated without difficulty.

This you have at Tab. 29. at A. A. A. A. B. Shews the forepart of the Os Pubis, from whence this Muscle takes its Origination, O. Shews the same at Tab. 27.

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The Explanation of the Two and thirtieth Table.

A A. A. A. Triceps.

B. Shews its Origination.

D. D. D. The same Muscle laid bare.

H. Obturator Externus.

I. The same laid bare.

K. Shews its Tendon.

L. Pyriformis laid bare.

O. O. Biceps laid bare.

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TAB XXXII

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Gasterocnemius sive Gemellus Externus.

THe Foot hath allowed its threefold motion, (viz.)This ex [...]ends the Foot. Extension, Contraction, and lateral Motion; this is accounted the first of the Extenders, which maketh the Calf of the Leg: it ariseth broad and Fleshy from the inner head of Os Femoris, as also from the outward head of the same Bones; so descending according to their Originations, they are united about midway, and are converted into one entire, broad, strong, and Nervous Tendon, and becometh one with the Tendon of Gasterocnemius Internus, and doth insert it self into the back part of Os Calcis, so that indeed they are but one Muscle with a double Origination.

Vesalius doth assert that the Sesamoidal Bones are Tributary to the two heads of this Muscle, not far from their Origination.

This you have at Tab. 33. at D. E. F. G. H. Fig. 1. D. Shews its first Origination, E. Another of its beginnings, F. Its Coherence, G. G. Shews its large Fleshy Belly, H. Shews its large Tendon, at Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab. O. P. Q. S. Shews the same laid bare.

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Plantaris.

AS that Muscle Is called Palmaris, This moves the Skin of the Sole of the Foot. which with its long and round Tendon doth march through the whole Interior part of the Cubite, and from thence to the Annular Ligament of the Carpus, and is afterwards-expanded into a broad Tendon covering the whole Palm of the Hand; so also is this Plantaris expanded through the whole hinder part of the Tibia, with a long and round Tendon, and at length marcheth into the Sole of the Foot.

It ariseth Fleshy, round, and slender under the former, from the outward lower head of Os Femoris, and after some Dilatation, it becomes a slender round Tendon, and running obliquely from the outward between both the Gasterocnemii inwards, and being joyned with their Tendons near the Heel laterally, running forwards, doth insert it self (after Dilatation over the Sole of the Foot) into each of the five Toes at the first Joynt.

The Dilatation of this Muscle over the Sole of the Foot,Note. as also its Insertions, will not be found, unless you allow it to insert it self into Flexor Primi Internodii at its Origination in the Cavity of the Os Calcis.

This Muscle is of as great service to the Foot as Palmaris is to the Hand;Ʋse. and serves to the Extention, or Expansive Motion of the Foot.

This you have at Tab. 3. Fig. 2. at I. K. K. I. Shewing its head, K. K. K. Its round Tendon.

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Gasterocnemius Internus, seu Soleus.

THis ariseth livid,This extends the Ancle. strong, and Nervous from the Posteriour Appendix of the Fibula, and growing larger, adheres both to that and Tibia, and descending at half way, it becomes narrower and Tendinous, making one with the Gasterocnemius Externus both in Origination and Insertion; These three Muscles are united about their ends, and do frame one very strong Tendon, implanted in the back part of the Heel, the which by reason of its greatness, and singular strength above the Tendons of other Muscles, obtains the name of Chorda Magna, the which being Bruised or Wounded, (as Hipp. writes) proves Mortal or very dangerous: its by this Tendon at this very day that our Butchers do daily hang up their Oxen by;Obs. And that which is worthy observation as touching this, is, that if any Inflammation doth arise about this part, it brings the whole Body miserably into consent therewith.

This you have at L. M. N. Fig. 2. Tab. 33. L. Shewing its strong and Nervous head, M. Its large venter, N. Declaring its Tendon.

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Suppopliteus.

THis ariseth broad and Nervous from the outward head of Os Femoris, This moves the Leg obliquely. and growing Fleshy, runs obliquely to the back and inward part of the upper Appendix of the Tibia, and is there implanted.

Riolan saith,Ʋse. he sometimes hath found this double; This moves the Leg obliquely outwards, and turns the Foot somewhat inward towards the other.

This you have at G. H. Tab. 33. Fig. 3. G Shewing its beginning, H. Its Termination.

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Flexor Digitorum Tertii Internodii, seu Perforans, sive Sublimis.

THis ariseth Fleshy,This bends the Toes in the third Joynts. and long from the back part of the Tibia, running, and adhering according to its length, to the middle of it, and there becoming a Tendon, is carried to the Internal Matleolus, where it becomes round, and is carried under the Ligament that proceeds from the lower Appendix of the Tibia, to the Os Calcis, and then divides it self into four Tendons, which terminates at the third Joynt of the four lesser Toes.

The Toes of the Feet are both contracted,Obs. extended, and moved laterally; And for these three Motions, Nature hath designed three kind of Muscles, and these are called either Flexors, Extensors, or Oblique Movers; four of these are implanted in the Leg; as this first, the Flexor of the Great Toe, and the Extensor of the third Joynt of the Toe, and the Extensor Pollicis; the other in the Foot.

L. L. L. L. Shews the four Tendons of this Muscle at Tab. 37. Fig. 2. B. Shews the Tendon of this Muscle, Tab. 37. Fig. 2. D. D. D. Shews its Flesby part, E. E. E. E. Shews its four Tendons, F. F. F. F. Shews these also and their Originations at Tab. 37. Fig. 2. H. Shews this also at Tab. 34. Fig. 1. I. Shews its middle part, K. Its Exquite Tendon, D. D. E. Shews the same, Fig. 2. id. Tab.

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The Explanation of the Three and thirtieth Table.

FIG. I.

D E. F. G. H. I. Gasterocnemius Externus.

D. Shews is first Origination.

E. A second of its Originations.

F. Its Coition or Connexion.

G. G. Its large Fleshy Belly.

K. Its Tendinous Insertion.

FIG. II.

G. H. Suppopliteus.

G. Shews its Origination.

H. Its Termination.

I. K. K. Plantaris.

I. Shews its head.

K. K. K. Its Tendon.

M. N. N. Gasterocnemus Internus.

O. P. Q. Shews Gasterocnemius Externus laid bare.

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TAB XXXIII

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Tibiaeus Posticus seu Nauticus.

IT ariseth Fleshy from the Ligament which joyns the Tibia and Fibula, This brings the Foot inwards. according to their length, and from both Bones backwards, becomes a round Tendon, near the Malleolus Internus, where being bound by a strong Ligament, it overspreads it, and recovering the Sole of the Foot, is inserted into that lower part of that Os Tarsi, which joyns it self with Os Cubiforme; Sometimes there is seen, that it hath produced two Tendons, the one implanted into the Os Naviculare, the other into the Innominated Bone.

This Muscle is called Nauticus from the use which Seamen make of it,Ʋs [...]. when they do run up the Shrouds.

This you have at Tab. 35. Fig. 1. at E. E. e. Shewing its Fleshy beginning, f. Declaring its Tendon, D. D. D. Shews the same at Tab. 36. Fig. 2. E. Shewing its Tendon.

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Flexor Pollicis.

THe Great Toe hath allowed it variety of Muscles,This bends the Great Toe. the first of which is this arising sharp and Fleshy about the middle of the back part of the Fibula, descending larger, nearer the inward Malleolus, running obliquely under it, and is inserted into the last Bone of the Great Toe; Under this Ligament lodgeth the Os Sesamoides.

This Tendon is seen sometimes to conjoyn with the Tendon bending the third Joynt,Obs. running to the second Toe, and before it reacheth the second Joynt of the Great Toe, requires the largest Os Sesamoides, which is in the other Joynts of the Toes.

This you have at Tab. 37. Fig. 2. c. Shewing its Tendon, D. D. D. Shews its Fleshy part, Tab. 36. Fig. 1. at N. you have it laid bare, M. Shews this at Tab. 34. Fig. 1. N. Shews its long and narrow Tendon, I. I. Shews the same exactly at Tab ejusd. Fig. 2. K. K. Shews its Tendon, N. Shews this laid bare at Tab. 36. Fig. 2.

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Flexor Secundi Internodii, Perforatus seu Profundus.

THis is a second of the Inflectors of the Toes,This bends the Toes in the second Joynt. by some called Flexor Brevis, it ariseth Fleshy and Membranous from the extremity of Os Calcis, and marching half way the Sole of the Foot, divides it self into four round Tendons, which at their Insertions into the second Joynts of the lesser Toes are perforated for the transmission of the Tertii Internodii Flexor.

This you have at Tab. 37. Fig. 1. at C. C. C. D. D. D. Shewing its four Tendons; And at Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab. you have the same laid bare at N. O. Shewing its Origination, P. P. P. P. Declaring its Tendons, Q. Shews the same laid bare at Tab. 34. Fig. 2. N. Shews the same laid bare at Tab. 37. Fig. 2. O. Shews its Origination, P. P. P. P. Shews the four Tendons of this Muscle.

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The Explanation of the Thirty fourth Table.

FIG. I.

F G. Suppopliteus laid bare.

F. Shews its Fleshy beginning.

G. Its Fleshy Termination.

H. Flexor Tertii Internodii Digitorum.

I. Shews its length.

K. Its exquisite Tendon.

L. L. Peroneus Primus.

M. Flexor Pollicis.

O. Pollicem Adducens in situ.

P. P. Gasterocnemius Internus laid bare.

Q. Plantaris laid bare.

R. R. R. Shews its long and round Tendon.

FIG. II.

D. E. E. Flexor Tertii Internodii Digitorum.

D. Shews its sharp Origination.

E. E. E. Its slender and Fleshy Venter.

F. Its Tendon.

I. I. Pollicis Flexor.

K. K. Shews its Tendon.

L. L. Peroneus Primus in situ.

M. Its Tendon.

P. Minimum Digitum Abducens.

Q. Pollicem Adducens laid bare.

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TAB. XXXIV

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Flexores Primi Internodii Digitorum, seu Lumbricales.

THese are called Lumbricales both from their Use,These be [...]ds the first Joynts of the lesser T [...]es. Figure and Origination, much resembling Earth-Worms being put into the Hand.

They do arise round and and Fleshy from the Tendons of the Perforans and Perforatus, and are inserted by small Tendons laterally to the first Joynts of the Toes; if you examine this well, you will find them to receive an addition of Carnous Fibres from a Musculous Flesh seated or implanted in the inward Cavity of the Os Calcis, and proceeding Fleshy half the Sole, there doth make these; and from it sometimes doth proceed a Tendon to the first of the Toes, and makes Secundi Internodii; and you shall also find that the Tendon of the Tertii Internodii Flexor doth run through the Body of this, and is not perfectly divisible.

These you have at Tab. 37. Fig. 1. at K. K. K. K. F. F. F. F. Shews the same at Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab. R. R. R. Shews their Fleshy Mass laid bare at Tab. 36. [...]ig. 1. S. S. S. S. Shews the Tendons whence they do arise, T. T. T. T. Shews their four Tendon [...].

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Adductor Pollicis Major.

THis ariseth Nervous from the inward part of the Heel,This brings the T [...]es tow [...]rds. and from the Ligament, which keeps that and the Talus together, and so growing Fleshy and round, becomes Tendinous, inserting it self obliquely into the lateral and inward part of the first Joynt of the Great Toe.

This abduceth the Great Toe from the rest of the Toes;Obs. or, as I may say, draws it inwards.

This you have at Tab. 37. Fig. 1. at E. F. F. Shewing its Tendon; At Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab. you have the same laid bare at Q. Q. M. Also shews the same at Fig. 1. Tab. 35. laid bare, O. Shews this at Tab. 34. Fig. 1. R. Shews the same laid bare, Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab.

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Abductor Minimi Digiti.

THe Little Toe hath a particular Abductor allowed it,This abduceth the little Toe from the rest. from the Heel, arising Nervous from its External part, and growing Fleshy in its progress, runs with a small Fleshy Tendon under the Os Metarsi, which is immediately plac'd before the Least Toe, and so is inserted into the External side of its first Joynt.

This you have at Tab. 37. Fig. 1. at G. G. H. H. Shews its Tendon, I. I. Shews the same l [...]id bare at Fig. 2. ejusd. Tab. L. M. Shewing its Tendon, K. K. Shews its beginning, Q. [...]hews the same at Tab. 35. Fig. 1. P. Shews this at Tab. 34. Fig. 2.

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Adductor Minor, sive Transversalis Placentini.

THis by Casserius, This draws the great Toe to the little Toe. who first found this out, gave it the name of Transversalis, because it binds the first Joynt proceeding from the Ligament of the Little Toe, and is carried transversly Fleshy, and marcheth out with a short and broad Tendon inwardly, to the first Bone of the Great Toe.

The Author of this Muscle doth assign this Use to it,Ʋse. That drawing the Great Toe towards the Little one, it makes a hollowness in the Foot; so as that in unequal and stony places, an apprehension as it were being hereby made, we may tread and walk more steadily, and commodiously, this being as a Ligament to the Foot, to keep it from slipping or sliding, and for a more secure ambulation; for by the help of this Muscle, the Foot is brought into that Figure, that it makes the step sure, and as it were doth apprehend the part it is set on.

This you have at Tab. 37. Fig. 4. at E. laid bare, H. Shews the same at the Letter A. the first Toe, P. Shewing the same at Tab. 36. Fig. 2. P. Shews the same at Tab. 35. Fig. 1.

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Tib [...]eus Anticus, sive Musculus Catenae.

THis is the first of the Inflectors,This bends the Ancle. whose Tendon being transversly dissected or amputated, the Patient is compelled to carry his Foot in a Sling, by the benefit of which he is able in his passage both to lift up and inflect his Foot.

This Muscle ariseth sharp and Fleshy from the uppermost Appendix of both the Focils, forwards: as also from the Ligament which binds them together, then being dilated, is narrowed about the middle of the Tibia, growing into a strong and round Tendon, running obliquely over the Tibia, and under the Annular Ligament, and is implanted into the inside of that Os Tarsi that is therefore Os Pollicis.

This Muscle I conceive governeth the Foot in motion,Ʋse. that it doth not squail to m [...]ch outward.

This you have at Tab. 35. Fig. 2. at C. C. a. Shewing its beginning, b. Its Termination and Tendon, M. N. Shews this at Tab. 36. Fig. 1. O. Shews its Tendon.

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The Explanation of the Five and thirtieth Table.

FIG. I.

E E. Tibiaeus Posticus.

e. Shews its Origination.

f. Its Ten on.

G. G. Peronaeus Secundus.

E. Shews its Tendon.

M. Pollicem Adducens laid bare.

N. O. Two Interosseal Muscles.

P. Transversalis Placentini.

Q. Minimum Digitum Abducens.

FIG. II.

C. C. Tibiaens Anticus.

a. Shews its beginning.

b. b. Its Tendon.

H H. Peronaeus Secundus.

e. Shews its Origination.

D. E. Its Tendon.

I. I. Extensor Tertii Internodii Digitorum

K. Shews its four Tendons.

L. Extensor Secundi Internodii Digitorum.

M. M. M. Shews its Tendon.

N. Pollic [...] Extensor laid bare.

O. Shews its Termination.

[Page]

TAB XXXV

[Page]

[Page]

Fibulaeus sive Peronaeus Primus; aut Posticus.

IT ariseth Nervous from the upper Appendix of the Fibula, This brings the Foot outwards. and descending, it adheres to the outward part thereof, being externally round, inwardly livid, next the Muscle red, and marching half way, it becomes a Tendon running obliquely backward through the Sinus under the external Malleolus, and is inserted into the Root of the Os Tarsi, that adjoyns to the Os Pollicis.

This Muscle draweth the Foot somewhat outward,Ʋse. and so regulateth it in Progressive Motion, that it cannot be cast too much inward.

This you have at Tab. 36. Fig. 1. at B. C. D. D. Shewing its Fleshy Belly, D. Its Tendon, V. Shews the same laid bare at Fig. 2. ejusd Tab. L. L. Shews that at Tab. 34. Fig. 1. L. L. Shews the same at Tab. ejusd. Fig. 2.

[Page]

Peronaeus Secundus sive, Semifibulaeus, aut Anticus.

THis Muscle ariseth long and Fleshy from the Fibula, This bends the Ancle. to which it adheres, and having made half its progress, becomes a round Tendon, running by the External Malleolus, and is implanted by two Tendons into Os Metatarsi, adjoyning to Minimus Digitorum.

This Muscle is also called Semifibulaeus, it being a near neighbour to the Fibula; As also by Spigelius is named Bicornis from its double Insertion into the small Bone adjoyning to Minimus Digitorum.

This you have at Tab. 36. Fig. 1. at E. E. F. Shewing its Tendon, I. I. I. Shews the same at Fig. 2 ejusd. Tab. K. Shewing its Tendon, G. G. Shews the same laid bare at Tab. 35. Fig. 1. H. Shews its Tendon and place of its Insertion, H. H. Shews the same at Tab. 35. Fig. 2.

[Page]

Pollicis Tensor.

THis ariseth Fleshy from the Fibula (or as Vesalius offereth) from the outward side of the Tibia, This extends the great Toe. where it parts from the Fibula, as also from the Ligament that joyns them, to which it strongly adheres, and so becoming a Tendon, runneth over the lower part of the [...]ibula, and under the transverse Ligament, and is inserted into the two Joynts, in the upper part of the Great Toe,Ʋse. and doth extend them directly; sometimes this Tendon is seen divided into two: one of which is inserted into the last Joynt of the Great Toe, the other into the Os Metatarsi which lies just under it.

This you have at L. Tab. 36. Fig. 1. b. Shewing its Tendon, N. N. Shews this laid bare at Fig. 2. Tab. 35. O. Shews its Termination.

[Page]

The Explanation of the Six and thirtieth Table.

FIG. I.

B. C. D. Peroneus Primus.

B. Shews its strong Origination.

C. Its Venter.

D. D. Its Tendon.

E. E. Peroneus Secundus.

f. Shews its Tendon.

G. Extensor Tertii Internodii Digitorum.

H. H. H. H. Shews its four Tendon.

I. Its fifth Tendon.

L. Pollicis Tensor.

a. Shews its beginning.

b. Its Tendon.

M. N. O. Tibiaeus Anticus.

M. Its Origination.

N Its Fleshy Venter.

O. Its Tendon.

S. Extensor Secundi Internodii Digitorum.

FIG. II.

D. D. D. Peroneus Primus.

E. Its Tendon.

I. I. I. Peronaeus Secundus.

K. Shews its Tendon.

N. Pollicis Tensor laid bare.

P. Transversalis Placentini.

R. R. T. T. Lumbricales laid bare.

R. R. R. The Fleshy Mass from whence they do arise.

S S. S. S Shews the four Tendons whence they do arise.

T. T. T. T. Shews their own four Tendons.

[Page]

TAB. XXXVI.

[Page]

[Page]

Extensor Tertii Internodii Digitorum, aut Longus.

THis ariseth with a Nervous and Fleshy beginning,This extend [...] the third Joynts of the Toes. from the outward, and forward Appendix of the Tibia and presently becoming Fleshy, and adhering to the Ligament that joyns the Tibia and Fibula, it descends directly according to the length of the Fibula, and passing under the Annular Ligament,Ʋse. it is divided into four Tendons, the which do terminate in the upper part of the third or last Joynt of the four lesser Toes, and so extends them.

The other Tendons are tied amongst or between themselves by a certain Membranous Ligament, where they run through or over the back of the Foot.

This you have at G. Tab. 36. Fig. 1. H. H. H. H. Shews its four Tendons, I. I. Shews this at Tab. 35. at Fig. 2. K. Shews its four Tendons.

[Page]

Extensor Secundi Internodii Digitorum, aut Brevis.

THis ariseth broad and Fleshy from the transverse Ligament upon the top of the Foot,This extends the second Joynt. and then appears, dividing it self into four several Muscles, which coming to the Toes, sendeth forth Tendons to the second Bone of the four lesser Toes, but chiefly to the second Joynts, where they intersect the Tendons of the former.Ʋse.

These two are allowed to extend the four lesser Toes.

This you have at Tab. 35. Fig. 2. at L. M. M. M. Shews its Tendons, S. Shews the same at Tab. 36. Fig. 1.

[Page]

[figure]

[Page]

[Page]

Interossei.

THese have their names from their habitations,These move the Foot obliquely. they dwelling amongst the Bones; These Muscles do arise Fleshy from the sides of the Bones of the Metatarsus, and are inserted by some broad, but short Tendons, into the first Joynts of the Toes outwardly, but inwards to the second Joynts thereof. The outward working, they do abduce the Toes:Ʋse. the inward do adduce them; they both working together, do extend them.

In the Sole of the Foot, which by some is called Vestigium, is a Fleshy Mass observable, the which like a Pillow or Bowlster doth keep warm the Tendons of the Muscles of the Foot, the which some Anatomists, although confusedly, do joyn with the Musculus Transversalis.

These Muscles you have delineated at Tab. 37. Fig. 3. at C C. C. C. C. D. D. D. D. D. And at F. F. F. F. F. G. G. G. G. G. in the Toes by themselves.

Thus have I concluded the whole Discourse of Muscles; all I shall farther add, is, the Enumeration of them, with their Reductions to their proper Places, Uses, and Offices, being either Relative to the Venters or to the Articulations, having already presented and drawn forth to you every of their Forms and Shapes: as also shewn their Originations and Terminations; leaving you Directions, how to find out every Muscle in its order by a proper Index made for that purpose.

FINIS.

This Table sheweth the Reduction of the Muscles each to their proper place.
Ʋse and Part.

[Page]

THe Forehead is lifted up by Frontalis.

The Eyebrows,

The upper

Lifted up by Aperiens Rectus.

Depressed by Claudens Superior.

The nether lifted up by Claudens Inferior.

The Eyes,

Rightly moved

Upwards by Attollens.

Downwards by Deprimens.

Inwards by Adducens.

Outwards by Abducens.

Obliquely

Donwards externally by Circumagens Exterior.

Upwards internally by Circumagens Interior.

The Nose is

Dilated by

Primus Aperiens.

Secundus Aperiens.

Contracted by

Primus Constringens.

Secundus Constringens.

The Lips are

Lifted up by Attollens.

Drawn laterally by Abducens.

Drawn down by Deprimens.

Purs'd up by Labium Constringens.

The Cheeks are

Drawn down by Platysma Myodes.

Drawn inward by Buccinator.

The nether Mandible is drawn

Upwards by Temporalis.

Downwards by Digastricus.

Laterally by Masseter.

Forwardly by Perygoides Externus

Backwards by Perygoides Internus.

The Ears which are moved

Externally

Upwards by Attollens.

Downwards by Deprimen.

Forwards by Adducens.

Backwards by Abducens.

Internally

By Externus.

By Internus.

The Tongue is moved

In Constriction,

By Lingual▪

In Dilatation

By Lingual▪

Forwards by Geneioglossus.

Backwards by Hypsiloglossus.

Upwards by Myloglossus.

Downwards by Ceratoglossus.

Laterally by Styloglossus.

[Page] The Os Hyoides is moved by

Rightly

Upwards by

Mylohyoideus.

Geneiohyoideus.

Downwards by Sternohyoideus.

Obliquely

Upwards by Styloceratohyoideus.

Downwards by Ceracohyoideus.

The Palate is

Attolled by Sphenopalatinus.

Depressed by Pterygopalatinus.

The Fauces are

Dilated by

Sphenopharyngaeus Primus.

Sphenopharyngaeus Secundus.

Contracted by

Aesophagaeus.

Cephalopharyngaeus.

Stylopharyngaeus.

The Larynx is

Dilated When the Thyrois is

Extended by

Sternothyroideus.

Cricoarytenioideus Anticus.

Contracted by Hyothyrodeus.

Shut While the Arytenois is Contracted

Directly by Throarytenioideus.

Obliquely lateral by Aryteniodeus.

Extended While the Arytenois is Extended

Rightly by Cricoarytenoideus Posticus.

Obliquely laterally by Cricoarytenoideus Lateralis.

The Head is`

Contracted by

Mastoideus if both move.

Laterally if but one.

Extended by

Splenius or Triangularis.

Trigeminus.

Recti Majores.

Recti Minores.

Turn'd about by

Obliqui Superiores.

Obliqui Inferiores.

The Neck is

Contracted by

Longus.

Scalenus▪

Extended by

Transversalis.

Spinatus.

The Thorax is moved

Primarily by his proper Muscles which do

Dilate in breathing

Freely the Diaphragma alone contracted.

Coactively Diaphragma and Intercostales Externi.

Constringe in breathing

Freely Diaphragma alone relaxed.

Coactively Diaphragma and Intercostales Interni.

Extended as

Longissimus Dorsi.

which are retained in place by

Serratus Minor Postici.

Serratus Major

Semispinatus.

which are retained in place by

Serratus Minor Postici.

Serratus Major

Sacrolumbus.

which are retained in place by

Serratus Minor Postici.

Serratus Major

Contracted as

Musculi Recti.

Abdominis.

Obliqui Ascendentes.

Abdominis.

Turn'd about by Transversi.

Secondarily by the Lumbal Muscles

Contracted by Quadratus.

Extended by Sacer.

The Abdomen is compressed

Laterally by

Obliqui Ascendentes.

Obliqui Descendentes.

Forwards by Recti.

Downwards by

Pyramidales. or

Sometimes by Transversi.

The Loyns are

Contracted by Quadratus.

Extended by Sacer.

[Page] The Testicles are raised by Cremasteres.

The Bladder

Retains by Sphincter Vesicae.

Excreates by

Detrusor Ʋrinae.

Pyramidalis.

Obliqui Ascendentes Abdominis.

The Clitoris is

Raised by Musculi Graafiani.

Depressed by Musculus Labiorum uteri contractorum.

The Anus is

Purs'd up by Sphincter Ani.

Elevated by Levatores Ani.

The Penis is improperly said to be

Erected by Erectores or Directores.

Accelerated by Accelatores.

The Scapula is moved

Variously by Cucullaris.

Upwardly by Levator Patientiae.

Backwards by Rhomboides.

Forwardly upwards by Serratus Minor

Anticus.

Forwardly downwards by Serratus Major

Anticus.

The Os Humeri is moved

Forwards by Pectoralis.

Upwards by

Deltois.

Octavus Humeri Placentini.

Downwards by Rotundus.

Is carried about towards the

External part by

Superscapularis Inferior.

Superscapularis Superior.

Nonus humeri Placentini.

Internal part by Subscapularis.

The Cubite is

Extended by

Gemellus Major.

Gemellus Minor.

Contracted by

Biceps.

Bra [...]aeus.

The Radius is

Pronated by

Quadratus.

Teres.

Supinated by

Longus.

Brevis.

The Carpus is

Contracted by

Flexor Carpi Interior.

Flexor Carpi Exterior.

Extended by

Extensor Carpi Exterior.

Extensor Carpi Interior.

The Fingers are

Contracted by

Flexor Primi Internodii:

Flexor Secundi Internodii:

Flexor Tertii Internodii:

Extended by

Extendentium Digitorum.

Primus

Secundus

Interossei

Moved laterally by

Interossei.

Abductor Minimi.

Abductor Indicis.

[Page] The Thumb is

Contracted

First by

Flexor Primi Internodii.

Flexor Secundi Internodii.

Secondly by

Flexores Internodii.

Primus

Secundus

Tertius

Quartus

Thirdly by Tertii Internodii Flexor.

Extended by

Extensor Primus.

Extensor Secundus.

Moved

Laterally internally by Adducens.

Outwardly by Abducens.

The Thigh is

Extended obliquely

Backwards by Glutaeus Major.

Forwards by Glutaeus Medius.

Contracted

Rightly by Glut [...]eus Minimus.

Directly by

Psoas.

Iliacus Internus.

Obliquely by

Triceps.

Lividus.

Moved about

Upwards by Piriformis.

Inwards by Obturator Externus.

Outwards by Obturator Internus.

Backwards by Quadrigiminus.

The Leg is

Contracted by

Sartorius.

Gracilis.

Seminervosus.

Semimembranosus.

Biceps.

Extended by

Membranosus.

Rectus.

Vastus

Externus.

Internus.

Obliquely moved by Suppopliteus.

The Ancle is

Extended by Gasterocnemius

Externus.

Internus.

Contracted by

Tibiaeus Anticus.

Peroneus Secundus.

Moved obliquely lateral

Internally by Tibiaeus Posticus.

Externally by Peroneus Primus.

The four lesser Toes are

Contracted by

Perforans in the third Joynt.

Lumbricales in the first Joynt.

Perforatus in the second Joynt.

Extended by

Interossei in the first Joynt.

Secundi Internodii Tensor.

Tertii Internodii Tensor.

Obliquely moved by

Interossei.

Minimi Digiti Abductor.

The Great Toe is

Contracted by Flexor.

Extended by Tensor.

Obliquely moved by Abductor.

The first Joynts of the Toes are kept together by Transversalis Placentini.

The Skin

Of the Sole of the Foot is moved by Plantaris.

Of the Palm of the Hand by

Palmaris.

Caro Musculosa Quadrata.

An Alphabetical TABLE of the Names of the Muscles, with the Page cited in which each Muscle is treated on.

[Page]

A.

Page

A Periens Palpebram Rectus 12

Attollens Aurem 21

Adducens aurem ad Anteriora 23

Abducens aurem ad Posteriora 24

Abducens Nasi Alas 28

Attollens Nasi Alas 29

Abducens Labia 33

Arytenoideus 64

Anconaeus 103

Accelerator Penis 80

Adducens Pollicem, vel Adductor Pollicis Major 194

Abductor Minimi Digitorum Manus 121

Abducens Minimum Digitorum Pedis 195

Aesophagaeus 57

B.

Buccinator 37

Biventer 41

Biceps Humeri 98

Brachiaeus Internus 100

Biceps Femoris 176

Brachiaeus Externus, vel Gemellus Major 101

C.

Claudens sive Semicircularis Superior 13

Claudens Semicircularis Inferior, seu Attollens 14

Claudens Nasum Externus 30

Claudens Nasum Internus 31

Coracohyoideus 42

Ceratoglossus 51

Cricoathyroideus Anticus 56

Cephalopharyngaeus 59

Cricoarytenoideus Posticus 62

Cricoarytenoideus Lateralis 63

Cremastres 79

Cucullaris 88

Cruralis 157

Caro Musculosa Quadrata 105

Musculi Clitoridis 82

Cervicalis Descendens 151

D.

Detrahens Aurem 22

Detrusor Urinae 86

Diaphragma 87

Deltois 97

Digitorum Secundi & Tertii Internodii Tensor 128

Dorsi Longissimus 149

Dorsi Latissimus 89

Digastricus 41

E.

Extensor Cubiti brevis sive Gemellus Minor 102

Erector Penis 80

Extensor Carpi Exterior 125

Extensor Carpi Interior 127

Extensores Primi Internodii 135

[Page] Extensores Secundi Internodi Digitorum 204

Extensores Tertii Internodii Digitorum 203

Externus Tympani auris 25

F.

Frontalis 11

Flexor Carpi Interior 106

Flexor Carpi Exterior 107

Flexor Secundi Internodii Perforatus 108

Flexor Tertii Internodii Perforans 109

Flexor Secundi Internodii Pollicis 110

Flexor primus primi Internodii Pollicis 114

Secundus 115

Flexor primus secundi Internodii Pollicis 116

Flexores primi Internodii sive Lumbricales 117

Flexores Digitorum Tertii Internodii Perforantes 187

Flexor Pollicis 190

Flexor Secundi Internodii Perfoforatus 191

Flexor primi Internodii Digitorum, seu Lumbricales 193

G.

Geniohyoideu 49

Gneoglossus 52

Gemellus Major 101

Gemellus Minor 102

Gluteus Major 160

Gluteus Medius 161

Gluteus Minor 162

Gracilis 171

Gasterocnemius Externus 183

Gasterocnemius Internus 185

H.

Hyothyroideus 60

Hypsiloglossus 53

I.

Inferior sive Attollens Semicircularis 14

Internus Tympani Auris 26

Intercostales Exte [...]ni 76

Intercostales Interni 77

Interossei Manus 124

Indicem Abducens 133

Iliacus Internus 159

Interossei Pedis 205

Iliacus Externus 163

L.

Labium Inferius Deprimens 34

Par Labium constringens 35

Lingualis 55

Longus 70

Levatores Ani 83

Latissimus sive Aniscalptor 89

Longissimus Dorsi 149

Levator Patientiae 91

Lividus. 181

M.

Masseter 38

Mastoideus 40

Mylohyoideus Riolani 48

Miloglossus 50

Minimi Digiti Abductor 121

Minimi Digiti Tensor 129

Membranosus 169

N.

Nonus Humeri Placentini 95

O.

[Page]Obliquus Descendens 1

Obliquus Ascendens 3

Obliquus Primus Oculi, vel Obliquus Minor 19

Obliquus Secundus sive Trochaeus vel Obliquus Majorcum Trochlea 20

Octavus Humeri Placentini 99

Obliqui Superiores 146

Obliqui Inferiores 147

Obturator Internus 165

Obturator Externus 167

P.

Pyramidales 7

Par Labium constringens 35

Platysma Myodes 36

Pterygoides Externus 68

Pterygoides Internus 69

Pectoralis 72

P [...]lmaris 104

Pronator Radii Teres 111

Pronator Quadratus 112

Primi Internodii Pollicis Flexor Primus 114

Pollicis Tertii ossis Tensor 120

Primi Internodii Extensores 135

Pollicis Abductor 122

Pollicis Adductor 123

Po [...]icis Tensor 201

Psoas 155

Psoas Parvus 157

Secundi & Tertii Pollicis Tensor 132

Pyriformis 163

Plantaris 184

Peroneus primus 199

Peroneus secundus 200

Pollicis Flexor 190

Pectoralis Internus sive Triangularis 78

Pterygo-palatinus 61

O.

Quadratus 154

Quadrigeminus 166

R.

Rectus 173

Rectus Abdominis 5

Rectus Oculi Primus sive Elevator 15

Rectus Secundus sive Depressor 16

Rectus Tertius sive Adducens 17

Rectus Quartus sive Abducens 18

Rhomboides 90

Rotundus Major 92

Recti Majores 144

Recti Minores 145

S.

Sternohyoides 144

Sternothyroides 45

Styloceratohyoides 61

Styloglossus 54

Stylopharyngaeus 58

Shpenopharyngaeus primus 66

Sphenopharyngaeus secundus 67

Scalenus sive Triangularis 71

Subclavius 73

Serratus Major Anticus 74

Serratus Minor Anticus 75

Sphincter Ani 84

Sphincter Vesicae 85

Superscapularis Superior 93

Superscapularis Inferior 94

Subscapularis 96

Secundus Flexor primi Internodii Pollicis 110

Secundi Internodii pollicis Flexor

Primus 116

Secundus 117

Tertius 118

Quartus 119

[Page] Supinator Radii Longus 139

Supinator Radii Brevis 134

Serratus Posticus Superior 137

Secundi & Tertii Pollicis Tensor 132

Serratus Posticus Inferior 138

Splenius sive Triangularis 139

Spinatus Colli 142

Sacrolumbus 150

Sacer 152

Sem [...]spinatus 153

Sartorius 170

Semimembranosus 177

Seminervosus 179

Subpopliteus. 189

Spheno-palatinus 61

T.

Transversi Abdominis 9

Temporalis 39

Thyroarytenoides 65

Trigeminus sive Complexus 140

Transversalis Cervicis 141

Triceps 180

Tibiaeus Posticus 189

Transversalis Placentini 196

Tibiaeus Anticus 197

Tensor Pollicis 201

Triangularis 78

V.

Vastus Externus 174

Vastus Internus 175

Z.

Zygomaticus Riolani 32

FINIS.

§

§

What Faults are committed by the Press, the Reader is desired to excuse, the Author's Occasions hindring him from so strict a Re-view of the whole Treatise from the Press.

Information about this book

Title statement

A compleat treatise of the muscles as they appear in humane body, and arise in dissection with diverse anatomical observations not yet discover'd : illustrated by near fourty copper-plates, accurately delineated and engraven / by John Browne ...Compleat treatise of the muscles

Browne, John, 1642-ca. 1700.

Edition statement

1681

Publication

Publisher

Text Creation Partnership,

Place of publication

Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :

Date

2009-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A29838

ID [STC]

Wing B5126

ID [STC]

ESTC R20507

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

12734549

ID [OCLC]

ocm 12734549

ID [VID]

92980

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This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal. The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

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Notes

(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A29838)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 92980)

Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 376:12)

Source

— A compleat treatise of the muscles as they appear in humane body, and arise in dissection with diverse anatomical observations not yet discover'd : illustrated by near fourty copper-plates, accurately delineated and engraven / by John Browne ..., Compleat treatise of the muscles, Browne, John, 1642-ca. 1700., Casseri, Giulio Cesare, ca. 1552-1616. Tabula anatomicae., Molins, William. Myskotomia..

Extent

[33], 213 [i.e. 237] p., 37 leaves of plates : ill., port.

Printed by Tho. Newcombe for the author,. In the Savoy :: 1681.. (Later enlarged editions (both in English and Latin) were published under title: Myographia nova.) (The description of the muscles is based on William Molins' Myskotomia, and the plates on Guilio Casserio's Tabula anatomicae.) (Reproduction of original in Library of Congress.) (Includes index.)

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