MEdicine is defined with respect A Galen de consti­tutione artis. to its End, in this manner: It is an Art which teaches the preservation of present health, and the restoring of that which is lost; or a Science by which we protect the pre­sent health, and expell Diseases.

In Physick be these five parts:

First, [...], Physiology.

Secondly, [...], or Pathology.

Thirdly, [...], or the Semeiotical part.

Fourthly, [...], or the Dietetical part.

Fifthly, [...], or the Therapeutical part.

The first of these treats of those things which are call'd Natural; as Ele­ments, Temperaments, Humours, Parts, Faculties, Actions and Spirits. An Ele­ment is defined to be, the least or most simple part of the thing which it com­poseth: [Page 2] Or thus, the four first or simple Bodies are called Elements, Fire, Air, Water, and Earth; or an Element is that most simple part which cannot be divided into any species diverse from it self; and that which is not perceptible to our Eye, but is imbarqued in the shell, or clothed upon with those more [...] Bodies, [...]hich we call Elements. And therefore those pure, virgin, or un­mixed Elements, are rather to be con­ceived in our Minds, than otherwise to be apprehended; because they present not themselves to any mortal view: And they are called Elements, because they are those first Principles that en­ter into the composition of all Natural and created Beings; and by reason o [...] their Effects, they are described or ex­press'd by Hypocrates, by the names of Qualities, as Hot, Moist, Cold, and Dry.

Of these Elements there are in num­ber Four; Fire, Air, Water and Earth and every one of these have a doubl [...] Quality: The Fire is hot and dry, th [...] Air is hot and moist, the Water is col [...] and moist, and the Earth is cold an [...] dry. These Elements, you see have eac [...] [Page 3] of them two Qualities, viz. The Fire is hot and dry, the Air is hot and moist, &c. that so their first Qualities might be tempered by other qualities, viz. the Moistness of the Air might temper the Heat of the Fire. And these Elements are by Philosophers divided again into Male and Female; the Male are the Fire and Aire, and the Female are the Water and the Earth; the first of these, forms and concocts the seed; and by the Aire, as it were the sheath o [...] [...]e conceived seed, sends i [...] i [...]o the Water and Earth, there, as in its pro­per Matrix to be formed, according as the Archeus or Spiritus Mundi shall dispose, and the Nature of the place or Womb shall be adapt for those seeds, in order to the production of such and such an Off-spring. These Four Ele­ments in the composition of mixed Bo­dies, retain the qualities, and are so mixed on with the other, that no sim­ple part may be found.

Of these Elements, two be Light, as Fire and Aire, because these delight to move upward; the other two are heavy, viz. the Earth and Water, be­cause they incline downward: The [Page 4] two first, as Fire and Aire, are called Active, the two latter are accounted passive: Because the first, by reason of their innate and active heat, doe act upon, and as it were incubat upon the other, as that Divine Philosopher in his Genes. gives us an Account, The Spirit of God moved upon the face and super­ficies of the Water, in which the Earth, the Womb of all things, lay obscure.

From the Composition of these come all mixed Bodies, and from the variety of mixtion comes the variety of Temperament.

A Temperament, which of the Greeks is called [...], is defi­ned to be a due Proportion of the four first Qualities of the Ele­ments.

Avieenna defineth a Temperament to be a Quality brought forth and a­rising from a proportion of mixed Ele­ments; [Page 5] it is a proportionable mixture of hot, cold, moist and dry: And th [...] Agreement springs from the four fi [...] Bodies of the World, and according to this proportion, Temperaments in Bodies receive their Denom [...]nations. There is a double Temperament, one absolute, and to temperated [...] the other ad Justitiam, in singulis ge­neribus: the first is that wherein there is an even and equal proportion of mixed Elements, neither more of hot than cold, neither of moist than dry▪

The Temperament ad Justitiam, is that which hath not an exact Evenness o [...] parity of Contraries, but that due [...]ediocrity which it ought to have ac­ [...]rding [...]o its own Nature, or is con­venient to its kind or species: So that the Aequality of Mixtion is not re­ceived according to an Arithmetical, but Geometrical proportion, and from hence arise the temperaments in Bodies, and their Denominations. Hence it is, that one man is said to be sanguine, be­cause the Element of Aire doth most abound in that man; and another is Melancholly, because he abounds in Temperament with the Earthy Faeces, [Page 6] which we call Melancholy, and so of the rest, Flegmatick or Cholerick. Hence also arise the temper of the parts which constitute mans Body: For Ex­ample, a Membrane is dryer than a Vein, a Tendon than a Membrane, and a Bone than both.

From hence arise that variety of tem­peraments, with respect to the several Ages of men; and therefore Pythago­ras divided Mans Life into four Ages and compared the whole course thereo [...] to the four Seasons of the year; Child­hood to the Spring, in which time al [...] things grow and sprout out, by reaso [...] of the abundance of plenty of Moysture; and Youth to the Summer, be­cause of the Vigour and Strength tha [...] men enjoy at that Age; and Man' [...] state or constant Age to Autumn, fo [...] that then, after all the dangers of fore [...] past Life, the Gift of Discretion an [...] Wit acquire a Ripeness; like as th [...] Fruits of the Earth enjoy at that Season.

As also the temperament of the seaso [...] of the Year, the Spring, according t [...] Hypocrates, is hot and moist: but it i [...] the Opinion of all men, that the Sprin [...] [Page 7] is temperate, the Summer hot and dry, the Autumn cold and moist, and the Winter cold and dry.

And from hence also arise the tem­perature of the Blood. The Blood, as Tempera­ture of the Blood. Galen affirms, is most temperate, in that it is neither hot nor moist, but tem­perate, as it is in its first composure. None of the four first qualities exceeds The tem­perature of Flegm. other, by any manifest excess. Flegm as that which is of a waterish nature, is cold and moist: Even as Choler be­ing The tem­perature of Choler. of a fiery temper is hot and dry; but Melancholly assimilated to each, is Tempera­ture of Melan­cholly. cold and dry.

And so much may serve to be spoken to Temperaments.

THe next thing to be handled in the part of Physiologia, is a Part, what it is. A Part is defined to be (being largely taken) whatsoever maketh to the Constitution of a Hu­mane Body. There are many Division of parts, but the chiefest of all is into [Page 8] containing and contained: The Parts containing, are the solid parts, which are sustained by themselves; and they are divided into Similar and Dissimi­lar: And the Similar are again divi­ded into Spermatick and Sanguine. The Dissimilar parts are those which are not compounded from part of that same Nature, but from other differing species; or otherwise they are call'd In­strumental, because they are the In­strument of the Faculties and Functi­ons. Organical parts are divided into Animal, Vital and Natural; and these are divided into Principal and Mini­string. Those parts are called princi­pal, which have the Gubernation of the rest; and they ministring, which are subservient and ministers to the rest.

THere are fluid parts which are sustained by the help of the other parts, such as are the Hu­mours and Spirits. The Humours are either Alimentary or Excrementitious; the Alimentary humour is that that is dedicated for the nourishing of the solid parts, which do draw their Ori­ginal from a Commixtion of the four Elements: But the Excrementitious, are the superfluous Liquors, unusefull, and unfit to Nutrition; and these are distinguished into Primary and Secon­dary.

The Primary are those which pass with the Chyle into the Liver; being put on by the power of the Native heat in every part of the Body, are di­stributed by the Veins to Nutrition.

And of these primary hu [...]ors there be four; Blood, Chole [...] Melancholy and Flegm; which be mixed [...]ll toge­ther in the Veins. This fo [...]-fold mix­ture of humours is call'd the Mass of [Page 10] Blood, by reason that the blood doth abound in that Mass.

The name of Blood is sometimes ta­ken largely for the whole mass of Blood, but properly it signifies the more benign and purer part of it; generally the Blood is accepted for the whole bloody mass well tempered, which from an equal mixtion of the four con­trary humours, and so there ariseth a harmony from a just and decent pro­portion of humours; but if it be co [...] sidered by it self as pure and since [...] is hot and moist in temperature▪ [...] Nature it resembleth Aire, and not as by Reason of this tempeature, but also in consistence, colour, savour and use it is discerned from other humours Blood is of such a mediocrous con­sistence, that while it is retain'd with­in the bounds of Nature, it appear not thicker nor thinner; it is of a red colour, a sweet taste; it mightily nou­risheth the musculous parts, as often a [...] it exceedeth above the rest, it maketh men fleshy, flourishing, fair, pleasan [...] and merry.

But Alimentary bile is the thinne [...] part of the bloody mass, partaking o [...] [Page 11] a fiery Nature, by temperament hot and dry, of a yellow, or a pale yellow; to taste bitter, men in whom it a­bounds, are cholerick, lean, hardy, quick, soon angry.

But the Excrementitious is drawn forth to the bladder of Gall, and that it might stir up the Ejection of the Ex­crements, and that it might gently cleanse off the Flegm and hindrances adhering to the Intestines.

Alimentary Melancholly is the thic­ [...] Melan­cholly. what. part of the mass of Blood, by na­ [...]ure Earthy, in Temperament cold and dry, in colour black, in taste soure; men in whom it abounds, are sad, thought­full, morose, severe, constant, the more solid parts of the body dry.

The Excrementitious is carried to the Spleen, where the Alimentary part which yet remains, being the more be­nign Juice, the rest is separated, when it is press'd into the stomach by the Vas breve, that it may stirre up Appe­tite to meat, and doth endeavour to retain the Meats there, till they be con­cocted.

The Alimentary Flegm is the more thin part of the bloody mass, of a [Page 12] waterish Nature, in temperament cold and moist, in colour white, in savour sweet, men in whom this abounds, be dull, sleepy, gross, fat, they are clear and soft, administring Aliment to the Brain, and other cold moist parts.

Excrementitious Flegm is a serous, or a wheyish superfluity, which is se­parated from the blood, and is trans­mitted to the Bladder by the Ureters, where it is call'd Urin.

THese Res non Naturales, are s [...] call'd, because they are not o [...] the number of those which enter into the Constitution or Composu [...] of mans Body, as the Elements, Humors and the rest, which have been briefly mentioned already. There are six thing which are Res non Naturales: The ambient [Page 23] Aire, Meat and Drink, Sleep and Watching, Motion and Quiet, Excre­tion and Retention, and Perturbation of the Mind; in the right use of which doth consist the pr [...]ervation of Health. And to this purpose, that Aire is to be Aire. chosen, which is neither thick, nor rimy, nor cloudy, neither neer to standing Pools or Rivers, but thin and serene, neither too hot, nor too cold, neither too dry, nor too moist, neither infected with the ill Gales of Lakes, common Sewers, Sinks, nor the filthy breath that is exhaled from dead Carkases, nor corrupted by putrifying Dungs, or any thing that sends forth filthy fumes, nei­ther that which is sent forth by windes out of the Mountains, into the Vales and Caves, and shut up in other hollow places, but pure and thin.

IN the ancient Medicine there is so little mention made of this Disease, which we in our dayes c [...]ll the Scur­vy, and there is so sparing a description made of it, that some have doubted [Page 34] whether there have been any such Di [...] ease as is now almost Epidemical in man [...] places, where in former times it was n [...] known, and with which almost all d [...] labour, or think that they are afflicte [...] This Disease (it is apparent) did put for [...] it self in former times, but its own O [...] springs, (as in the Lues Venerea, and Ri [...] kets,) were discovered long after. Y [...] this Disease, although known by oth [...] Names, and observed by the Ancien [...] and also the Cure of it, hath been d [...] vered to the succeeding Ages, by [...] more dull wits, as appears sufficiently the Testimonies of Hypocrates, Areti [...] Pliny, and others. There is little to [...] said, as to the various Appellations this Disease, yet I shall give you a tou [...] We shall therefore proceed to the op [...] ing and right Explication of it, wh [...] yet hath been so diffused, and doth [...] tend it self to such Variety and Multi [...] city of Symptomes, that not one d [...] nition, or scarce any single descript [...] can comprehend it.

Howsoever, not wholly to pass it o [...] we have little among Authors, tha [...] certain; yet among the ancient Mast [...] of Medicine, there are various Na [...] [Page 35] appropriate to this disease, of which some are taken from the Disease, some from the symptomes, as it appears from Cel­sus and others, where it is taken from the various symptomes of this Disease. Which shall be handled when we come to discover the symptomes, signs, or evil [...]nd pernicious Concomitants of this for­midable Disease.

As to the Name, Scorbutus, it takes its Original from Scorbuck a Danish word, [...]ut used by the Saxons, and borderers [...]pon the German Sea; and in Latine, by some Gingipedi [...]um, because that in this Disease the Gums and Feet are infected [...]ith a corrupt Blood, and thence one in­ [...]ication of a right manner of Cure is ta­ [...]en to be well atchieved by a well mun­ [...]ifying and cleansing of the Blood. Pli­ [...]y in his Natural History calls it Stoma­ [...]ace and Sceletyrbe: and of his Opinion [...]s Strabo in his Book of Geographa, but [...]thers suppose this [...], to be a spe­ [...]es of the Palsie. However or in what [...]anner this Disease was found to shew [...]orth its symptomes in those dayes, when [...]s it was but in its Infancy; in process of [...]me, we find it hath arrived to the pitch [...]f one of the most formidable Dseases [Page 36] inc [...]d [...]nt to these Northern Climates, o [...] mor [...] [...]pidemical than most other distempers. To stand much upon the [...]me and from thence to suppose to dedu [...] any thin [...] of the Nature and Essence [...] this Dis [...]a [...], does seem difficult, if not i [...] possible; b [...]c [...]use (as was binted befor [...] these App [...]ions seem to take the [...] rise chiefly [...] the symptomes, whic [...] appear to be [...]o numerous, that as w [...] said, no one single Definition can co [...] prehend it.

Notwithstanding some have thus d [...] fined it, that it is a corruption of cru [...] humours; and mostly of Atrabilis refu [...] ing from the Compass of the [...]elly, a [...] contained Bowels, bu [...] most of all fro [...] the stuffing and intemperature of t [...] Spleen, which is proper and peculiar that part: And it also acquires [...] diff [...] ing degree of putridness from the ma [...] cious form and species of other humou [...] and it weakens and [...] by litt [...] and little, by a [...] Fertility [...] symptomes, all the [...] of the Bod [...] the Bowels (serving and dedicated Nu [...]tion▪ [...]nd placed [...] Reg [...] on [...] th [...] B [...]y) are [...]pted [...]he Su [...] ject, and do administ [...]r the Original [...] [Page 37] this Disease: But above the rest it is chiefly attributed to the Spleen; in truth the [...] of it, the Liver being sound, the attraction is hindered by the intem­perature and obstruction of the atrabi­lous humour, which for that cause being mixed with the blood, doth infect the whole Body with a consuming or pining corruption.

This definition carryes in it a great proportion with the Disease, viz. In re­spect of the chief Seat, the Spleen, and the other incompassed Bowels. Second­ly, in respect of the humour which is Atrabilious, or burnt Choler. Thirdly, with respect to the Cause, the obstructi­on of the parts destinated to Nutrition. Fourthly, to the Numerousness of the Symptomes, which are very many. Fifth­ly, as to the End which is very afflicting. And lastly, the corrupting the Blood, which (as such) is accompted the Parent of this Disease, all which shall be further demonstrated and illustrated by that which follows.

PHysicians have laboured much to d [...] monstrate the Manner of the production of this Disease, and the mo [...] evident is taken from an Analogy th [...] the Fermentations of Wines bare [...] the Fermentations and Concoctions [...] our Food received into our Body, an [...] the various alterations that it suffers b [...] our innate heat, and other Concomitan [...] of producing Chyle, and the fitting it i [...] the various work-houses of our Body [...] the great end to which it is designe [...] viz. the Nourishing of our body: an [...] to this Analogy it is observable, that t [...] Juice expressed from the Grapes, begi [...] in short time to put forth it self into m [...] tion; and by this there is by a certai [...] Fermentation, an Alteration and a Rari [...] cation, the gross and dull is made spirit [...] ous and lively, the thick is made thi [...] the tart is made sweet and pleasant. An [...] that that was unfit to be taken into ou [...] Bodyes, by reason of its heterogeneit) is by this Fermentation made most homogeneous [Page 39] or Friendly to our Nature, but in this there are several things or accidents observable.

First, that when the Faeces are separa­ted 1 and cast to the bottom, if they are again elevated to motion, or if any he­terogeneous thing, not agreeable to it, (as Fat, or any Exotick Sulphur,) be cast into the Vessel, from thence there will arise a notable perturbation, which un­less it be appeased, tends to the ruin of the whole.

Secondly, the Sulphurous parts of the 2 Wine being exalted above the rest, it induceth an immoderate heat or ebulli­tion which in the Idiome of our Lan­guage is call'd the Fretting of Wines.

Thirdly, it is not seldom, that there 3 happens a close union or Constriction of the Sulphur with the wearied or tired Spirit, the Saline parts being brought to a fluidness, it excells the rest in Power and Force, and so the Liquor passeth into an Acetum or Vinegar.

There is yet another Intemperature of Wines, viz. when the spirits being deprest, the saline and sulphurous par­ticles combin'd together, are exalted: And this may be done in Wines in a two­fold [Page 40] manner. And this is observable, that Wines may degenerate into Vappa▪ or Vinegar, and that sometime from the Spirit being depressed, and also the Sul­phur with the Salt doth become musty, clammy or slimy, which we call Wine over-fretted, or become ropy in eithe [...] Mutation, the Spirit being brought un­der the Yoak, the sulphurous and salin [...] being associated together, they excel [...] the other Elements, and so they may change into the gross disposition of it [...] own Liquor; notwithstanding these things are not done altogether in th [...] same manner in both: Wherefore in th [...] first, Dyscrasia, or Intemperature o [...] the Wine, the Sulphur somewhat abidet [...] with the Salt, but in the latter, the Sal [...] rather existeth with the Sulphur, bu [...] whether it be one or the other that i [...] made most powerfull, the dominion o [...] the Spirit being driven away, the othe [...] adheres to it, and taketh away its du [...] state; the manner of both seem expli­cable.

Note, When Generous Wines have long waxed hot, the particles being much agitated, and by little and little being wounded, the spirit partly evapo­rates, [Page 41] being rapt up with the grosser Elements, it is supprest. In the mean time the Sulphur (the abundance of which) is advanced by a greater agitation, and then the Spirit is brought under the yoke adhering to the salt, and lifting it up, it alters the mixture of the Liquor; then by reason of the Excellency of the sul­phur, combinated with the Salt, thence cometh the mustiness, even as with thin Wines longer kept. The Salt exalted, and made victorious, it depresseth the spirit, and from thence it induceth a sharpness to the subjected Latex, and then afterward the exalted Salt which is in a lesser quantity, getting the Sulphur to it self, and joyning of it intimately to it, doth turn the substance of the Liquor from thin into thick, and as it were Oleaginous, and from a sour savour into a very ungratefull, and (as it were) a Mustiness.

These being the Productions by rea­son of the Fermentation in Wines, you shall see how amply the Analogy will hold between this Fermentation, and the manner of producing the Scurvy.

It is to be understood, that the Ali­ments received into our Bodies, are first [Page 42] concocted, and as it were gently boyl­ed in our Stomachs, by which means there is made a separation of the gros [...] and the excrementitious parts, which are unfit to nourish, and are cast forth into their proper Receptacle, viz. the Guts.

In the mean time, as it were by a cer­tain Fermentation, by which those things that were before thick and gross, are rarified, and those that were fixed, are spiritualized, and they are made vola­tile; and this is done by separating their Excrements, that there might be an assi­milation of that which is profitable to our Bodies, and to administer a pure Aliment, that so they might afford mat­ter to our spirits in manner as hath been above demonstrated, in the Fermenta­tion of Wine: As Planerus brings that sentence of his, That Meat and Drink in our Stomachs is resolved into an Aire, which is drawn and passes into the Me­saraicks, and is changed by a certain Concretion into the species of Blood; and not only those parts of Aliments and Drinks are rarified and made volatile, as it were in our Bodies, but even that salt it self which is in these Aliments, and is assumed in with them, though fixed, yet [Page 43] are rendered volatile, spiritual and as it were Animal: And this is not difficult to believe, if any one will take notice how these volatile Salts and Spirits may be drawn out of Horns, and Bones, and Urines of Animals.

And so while all things are well per­formed in our Bodies, the Aliments are resolved in our stomachs, and the parts unfit to nourish, are separated; but those things which are proper to nourish, are by the proper and peculiar Faculty of the Stomach and Bowels elaborated, and by that means rendered consentaneous to humane Nature: But when in our Sto­machs and Intestines they cannot at­tain to that similitude and form which they ought to have, to nourish our bo­dies.

They are sent to the Liver, which is (as it were) the work-house of the blood, to be more fully elaborated; but as the purer blood is elaborated in the Liver, the grosser part of the Chyle is (by the large quantity of the Serum, with which it is moistened, and reduced to a greater aptness to [...]uxibility and motion, and is attracted by the Spleen, and that part of the Chyle which yet remains thick, [Page 44] (by reason of Pontick and Acid Quali­ties) is there elaborated and changed in­to blood fit for the nourishing the neigh­bouring parts.

And these things being rightly done, and fitly ordered in our Bodies, the man continues sound and in health; but if by reason of an ill manner of Living, and if they shall eat crude gross and naughty Diet, and shall gorge themselves with many sorts of Food, so that it is not able to separate from the Body, though other­wise in health and strong, by the power of concoction those vitious Excrements with which the concoctive power la­bours, but so the Chyle abounding with many gross and tartarous parts, and come­ing to the secondary Bowels destinated to concoction, it happeneth that these gross salt and fixed parts cannot all be attracted by the Spleen, neither be all sufficiently elaborated there; and so that concoction which ought to ferment, and as it were to spiritualize all the Aliments, is hindered, and the grosser parts of the Food, with the fixed and tartarous, car­ried in abundance with the Meats, is sent away gross, in its fixed nature, being not able to render them volatile, rarified [Page 45] and Animal, as they ought, and the im­pure, unprofitable, and tartarous parts cannot be separated from the usefull and profitable, whence the Bowels appoint­ed to the second concoction, at length waxe too weak to discharge the abun­dance of gross humours, and by little and little are debilitated, & from thence­forth are rendered more unapt, so that they cannot correct the Coction and Ela­boration of the Aliment, and the over­much thickness of the humours, and that which is deficient in the Rarification and Attenuation, (how to express it in one word, is not easie) and from hence appears the Reason of the controversie about the Name: Gr. Hortius calls it [...], or Crudity, and that he accounts the nearest and properest Name for this Disease.

And therefore that Salt and the grosser parts of the Chyle, when all cannot be attracted from the Spleen, and elabora­ted and attracted by the Liver, without Impediment, even that which is the sub­tiler part of the Chyle, as that which is familiar to it, and naturally more apt to the generating good blood, and cannot expell all things from Nature, because [Page 46] of the abundance and unaptness, they stick in the first wayes, and abide in the branches o [...] [...] Porta and Mesaraick [...] the Mesen [...]ary it self, Pa [...]r [...] [...]nd [...] ▪ and by reason that it is wo [...] to administer matter of Cause to such humours, they are continually en­creased every day: And to these salt, gross fixed humours, there are joyned and mixed other crude and vitious hu­mours, and are detained in these places; and so [...]he Cymists do call the foulness▪ of these humours heaped up in the first wayes, Tartarous.

Having premised these things, let us return to the Analogy that seems to be between the Fermentation of Wine and the Blood o [...] Humo [...]rs, and concerning ing the first note in the Fermentation of Wine▪

[...] when the Faeces are separa­ [...] and [...] to the bottom, if they [...] again elevared to motion, or if any Heterogeneous Exotick Sulphur be cast [Page 47] into the [...], from thence there will arise a notabl [...] [...], which un­less it be [...] to the ruin [...] of [...] whol [...] [...] lik [...] [...] there b [...] ma [...]y thing [...]hich [...] mixible with [...] blood, which [...]eing mixed wi [...] [...] [...]oe [...]i [...]der [...]he mo [...]ion and Circulation of it, [...]nd trouble th [...] Oeconomi [...] ▪ Indeed these are not so well performed, the nourishing Liquo [...] [...]eing reduced to a muddiness, [...] inordi [...]ely ferments the blood, and also [...]ha [...] Li­quor is made to degenerate from its sta­tu quo prius, into a base and flat Liquor, and being such, stirres up the Fitts of in­termitting Fevers, but the vapo [...]ou [...] Ex­crem [...]nts of the Blood, the Rasa, or Irasei­biles, cholerick and atrabilious, retain­ed in its bosome, it brings forth Catarrhes, Dropsies, Jaundies, Melancholy, [...] [...]a­ny other Effects. And▪

Secondly, The Sulph [...]us part [...] 2 Blood being too much [...]al [...]ed, from thence is produced an ino [...]dinate heat, and so is apt to be k [...]dled i [...] [...]he heart, and from thence follow [...] a Feverish heat, and thence have many Fevers, the Cause of their Existence.

Thirdly, There frequently happens a 3 [Page 48] close Union or Constriction of the Sul­phur with the wearied or tired spirit, the saline parts being brought to a fluid­ness, it excells the rest in power and force, and so the Liquor passeth into an Ace­tum or Vinegar, and from the Acidity of the Blood, are produced Melancholy Di­stempers.

Fourthly, There is yet another intem­perature 4 of Wines, viz. when the spirit being depressed, the saline and sulphu­rous particles combining together, are exalted; and this may be done in Wines in a two-fold manner: And this is very observable, Wines may degenerate into Vappa or Vineger, and that sometimes from the spirit being depressed, and also the sulphur with the salt exalted toge­ther, doth become musty, clammy or slimy, which we call Wine over-fretted, or become Ropy, in either mutation the spirit being brought under the Yoak, the sulphur and saline being associated together, they grow too powerfull fo [...] the other Elements, and so they may be changed into the gross disposition of its own Liquor, notwithstanding this thing is not done in the same manner in both▪ For in the first Dyscrasia, or Intempera­ture [Page 49] of the Wine, the Sulphur somewhat abides with the Salt, but in the latter the Salt rather existeth with the Sulphur; but whether it be one or the other that is made more powerfull (the dominion of the spirit being driven away) the other consents with it, and taketh away its due state: the manner of both is explicable.

When Generous Wines have long waxed hot, and by little and little be­ing wounded, the Spirit partly evapo­rates, and being rolled about with the other grosser Elements, it is supprest; in the mean time, the Sulphur, (the abun­dance of which is advanced by the great Agitation and the Spirit) is brought un­der the Yoak, adhering to the Salt, and taking it up, it alters the mixture of the Liquor, and then by reason of the ex­cellency of the Sulphur combined with the Salt, thence comes the mustiness, even as with thin Wines long kept, the Salt excited and made victorious, it de­presseth the Spirit, and from thence it induceth a sharpness to the subjected La­tex, and then the exalted Salt which is in it, in a lesser quantity getting the Sul­phur to it self, and joyning it intimately with it self, turns the substance of the [Page 50] Liquor from thin into thick, and as i [...] were Oleaginous, and from a soure savour into a very ungratefull, and as i [...] were a Mustiness.

It is very probable that the Bloo [...] may be thus altered in the Scorbutio [...] Affection; as Wines, as often as the [...] wax hot, they degenerate into Rop [...] and stinking: For this Disease is not [...] much from the Faeculency mixed wi [...] the Blood, (although such have bee [...] and the Supplement of them may [...] known before) but it dependeth upo [...] the habitual Intemperature of the Bloo [...] and the Argument is this, Because a rad [...] cated Scurvy is so difficultly cured, a [...] sometimes not at all, we may state t [...] Dyserasia sanguinis is the Parent of t [...] Scurvy, even as we constitute a Dup [...] city of the Wine, to wit, a Sulphuro- [...] linan, and a Salino-Sulphurean: F [...] where there is the greatest variety [...] Distempers which are attributed to t [...] Scurvy, all these may chiefly and ve [...] aptly be referred to two heads or Fo [...] tains of Evil, Viz.

THE first is that in which the Blood is touched with the Scorbutick Mia­ [...]ines, or the prae-existing heat, in which, to wit the Sulphur, having got the prae-domination, gets the salt to it self; where­fore that being made more rancid, or Rammish, waxeth inordinately hot in the Vessels, and the Excrements being [...]urnt, to wit, the Concretions of the Sulphur and Salt, the Sulphur wholly forsakes it self, and is dispersed here and [...]here; the which truely being drove [...]utward, do produce spots, Pustuls, Ex­ [...]nth [...]mata, and Ulcers, but being dispo­ [...]ed inwardly, they occasion Vomitings, [...]nrdialgia, or heart-akings, Diarrhaeas, [...]r Dysenteries, and also most cruel pains: [...]n the scorbutick Rancidity of this kind [...]f Blood, temperate Remedies onely, [...]nd frequent Phlebotomies, (as Scurvy- [...]rass, Horse-radish, and other things, en­ [...]owed with a sharp and biting taste,) are [...]onvenient; and for the like reason musty [...]r rancid Wines are cured, by taking [Page 52] from them their Faeces: Moreover by th [...] pouring in of Milk, Starch, Ising-glass and of other things, asswaging or mitigating them.

In the second place, in the Blood no [...] rishing the Scurvy, the Salt having g [...] the Dominion, it joyns the Sulphur to i [...] wherefore that is not so hot, but it b [...] comes thick, as ropy Wine, and as it we Mucilaginous, it is slowly circulated [...] the Vessels, and whiles it passes the Bo [...] els it is apt to stuffe them, and to fast [...] the muddiness to them, such Effects oft [...] times are made without cutaneous Eru [...] ­tions, there are produced short breatedness and weariness, they labour wi [...] a spontaneous Lassitude, a straitness [...] the breast, and often times they are o [...] noxious to Fainting of the spirits, Vertig [...] and Convulsions; but in these scorb [...] tick Dispositions they are wont to u [...] Remedies more hot, and those endow [...] with a volatile Salt, and also Chalybia [...] which doth thin and stir the blood: A [...] truely in the same manner do they hand Ropy Wines, viz. They ought to [...] much shaken and stirred.

Thus far concerning the Radicate Principles of the Scurvy in the Blood [Page 53] Mass; and here it is to be explained from what Causes the Blood, (the Parent of the Scurvy, degenerating from its proper goodness) doth take that diseasie dispo­sition: Notwithstanding, it ought first to be shewn, in what manner the seeds of this Disease, with the other Hu­mour in general, is cast into the nervous Juice.

From the Blood driven forth the Bor­ders of the Brain, doth still forth a most subtil matter, as for Animal spirits, so for a Vehicle, and doth scatter them there continually, by the whole nervous kind, that Latex, as long as the Spirit and Salt is well combinated or volati­lised with it, remains very powerfull: there is also a little water with which these are diluted, there seems little need of Sulphur and Earth, and yet that Con­cretion of the Spirit and volatile Salt, which can pass through all things, doth penetrate, actuate, and irradiate that most excellent humour.

Concerning the beginnings of the Scur­vy, untill the Blood (being thick) and Tone of the Brain are vitiated, that Dewy Liquor of the Brain and Nerves, as yet spirituous and sweet, abides not [Page 54] very unfit to every Office to which it i [...] appointed; but afterward being impoverished by the bloody Mass, and muc [...] enfeebled, it is dropped out, inclinin [...] towards a soureness: Moreover from the faeculent, and as it were the rancidous or muddy blood, heterogeneo [...] particle, are administred, much infeste [...] with an Animal Regimen.

And the Brain being made more wea [...] within, are admitted without repuls [...] and thence is powered out into the ma [...] rowy Appendix, as also the nervou [...] with the moistning Juice; hence no [...] there follows (the failings and the Eclipses of the scattering Animal Spirit in [...] every Region) distractions, and doloro [...] complaints, and Cramps, wherefore Pa [...] sies, Convulsions, Vertigoes, Pains, Tre [...] bling, and other preternatural Afflict [...] ons of the Brain and Nervous kind, an [...] the more forceable Roots producing th [...] Scurvy are wont to follow.

And hence it is to be noted in genera [...] that in these three doth consist the sco [...] butick spot, affixed to the nervous Juice viz. That the dewy Liquor of the Brai [...] and Nerves, is become much more thi [...] or impoverished, which doth degenerat [...] [Page 55] à Crasi Spirituo-salina, toward a soure­ness, which is replenished by the hete­rogeneous and morbifick particles. Hi­therto we have shewn how the first seeds of the Scorbutick Affection, are sown in the Blood, and therein to the Nervous Juice.

THe more remote and Extrinsick Cause comes from the six things non Naturales. First, Aire that is corrupt, naughty, moist, thick, putrid and cold, cloudy, sultery, and marine; the un­pleasant and cloudy season of the Year, moist places near the Sea-coasts, Laky, wet dwelling, and Habitations under ground, obnoxious to unclean and filthy Exhalations arising from foul Inundati­ons of the Sea and Rivers, from whence Hepatick and Splenatick Afflictions are stirred up.

Secondly, Foods, not onely in Quali­ty but in Quantity, and in Variety, hurt much: (Multa fercula, multos morbos fe­runt.) In Qualiity, if they be of an [Page 56] evil Juice, corrupt, too hot, too much burnt; these easily admitting of putri­dity, and are contrary to the nature of the Bowels; which First are, the Flesh of Bulls, Rams, Sows, Goats, Deer, Wa­ter-fowls, Musty dyet, or too Old things, salted, dryed in the Aire, dryed with smoak, or kept too long with Salt, Red Herring, Pickled Herring, Bisket, Pease, Beans, Old Cheese, Cabbage, Chesnuts. Among Drinks, those are forbidden, tha [...] are made of a foul and stinking Water, drinks made of Wheat, thick and faecu­lent▪ Wines, black & slimy, impure, thick, not only taken to satiation, but also taken against thirst, and Drinks too copiously taken into the stomach hurt the Mesa­raick Veins and Liver, so that they can­not perform their other Offices.

There are other Causes of this Dis­ease, in some it may draw its rise fro [...] an hereditary Cause, when the Parent [...] have been much infected with the Inva­sions of the Scurvy, as when the Paren [...] Father or Mother are scorbutick; and so it becomes Hereditary also by sucking the Milk of a Scorbutick Nurse; and some think it may be taken by Contact, and intimate Conversation, as drinking [Page 57] in the same Cup, by Kissing, and by the drawing in of the Breath of those in­fected: And this by some is thought the Cause, why in the Lower Saxony the Scur­vy is so frequent, they suppose that by drinking in the same Cups, that scorbu­tick, that having their Gums lax, and in­flamed with crude Blood, their mouth stinking, give or communicate the same to others, and so also their Companions, Si scilicet vir cum faemina scorbutica fluxu al­bo laborante concumbat, may take it; want of motion, an idle sedentary Life does contribute much to this disease, Fastings over much, immoderate watchings, great and unseasonable Labour and Exercises of Body, suppressions of yearly Eva­cuations, immoderate Sleep, frequent perturbations of Mind, anxious Cares and Solicitudes, and things of that kind, which doth lessen the Native heat, and increase Crudities.

FI [...]st, A Heaviness of the whole Body. Secondly, A spontaneous weariness, which notwithstanding Bodies that a [...] more gross and big, may not so soon pe [...] ­ceive, without a contin [...]l Exercise.

Thirdly, A certain straitness of the Praecordi [...]m.

[...]ourthly, A debility of the Legg [...].

Fifthly, An i [...]ching, redness, and pai [...] of the [...].

Sixthly, The colour of the Face incl [...]ing from a paleness to a dusky.

Where-ever these are found joyntly you may with certainty pronounce they [...] the Scurvy. Not that these be al [...] [...]he Signs of this disease, but that this [...]uculent disease may be the more unmasked, and every ordinary Capacity may understand whether he or she have the Scurvy; you shall here have a more particular List of well-nigh all the symptomes of this Disease.

THe Scurvy first invading, there is pre­sently a sense of heaviness and wea­riness without a manifest Cause over the whole Body, mostly about the Vessel dedicated to Concoction, and that from Cacochymia, press'd out of all the Veins by the whole frame; for by the heap of humours in this Evil, there is need that the powers be stirred up.

2ly, They are troubled with a diffi­cult and slow breathing, especially be­tween Labour, when the sick is moved or stirred, by Reason of a flatulent hu­mour lying under and distending the Hypocondries, together with the neigh­bouring parts, the Diaphragma, and Or­gans of Respiration.

3. Often-times they are driven over the whole Body, but chiefly through the external parts, as the Arms, Belly, sides, Hips, between the Entrance of the back, having a notable passage by the Veins that passes down by the back, but chiefly the spots do bud and put forth them­selves in the feet and leggs.

[Page 60] 4. When the Fountain and Fuel of this Disease is circumscribed in the Bow­els, that neither much of it is powred forth into the veins, then either the Veins it self, or both, do begin to swell in the Panch-belly, and so they are rendered bigger, but chiefly the Spleen, which swelling, or being puffed up with Affla­tus, and glutted with the muddy part of the blood, it spreads to a greater mag­nitude.

5. The fifth symptome of this disease is, that from hence is produced an exte­nuation of the Body, by reason of a de­fect of the more benign Aliment and nutritive Juice, or from impure Food, the blood being not sufficiently clean­sed.

6. The Appetite, the Faculty of the stomack, the desire of Food needfull and necessary to Life, is dejected, conflicting almost continually with a nauseating, loathing and aversion to all food, with some it is dulled, but with others the na­tural habit of the stomack, is well-nigh lost, and truely all these things are wont to happen by reason of the disparity of the humour flowing, as from the Liver, so also from the Spleen into the Center of the stomack.

[Page 61] 7. The Seventh symptom is this, that sometimes one, sometimes another of the Hypocondra [...] are afflicted with pain, and as it were with an obscure deadness, wherefore they are vehemently distend­ed by winds or Flatus that hides, and are shut up in these places, from whence the power of Rising up, and going doth arise.

8. Eightly, The pain of this place is not perpetually circumscribed and abi­ding here but every where, now here, now there, according to its wandring dispo­sition; now in the sides, and anon in the lower parts of the Body, and by and by through the whole Body; and thus it very imperiously maintains its own bounds.

9. In the first which is extended to the Loyns, the Loyns seem as though they were broke, and in these there is perceived too much blood abounding in the great Veins of the Loyns, before the arising of marks, Buboes, the Haemorr­hoids being stopt in men, and the monthly Courses in Women; and other pains running over the whole Body, but chiefly the Joynts, sometimes with, and some­times without a tumour, sometimes with [Page 62] a certain quivering, and discovering its self of its own accord, and often times it resembles the Gout.

10. The tenth symptome is [...], or swounding, which doth assault many, the heat and spirit being wearied, even as it is wont in the Hypochondraick af­fection, in which often times there is certain Respits or Intervals, as it were, the Spirits leading themselves to the Castle of the heart, as to its strong hold.

11. If the humour pass downward, because Nature with its own Gravity maketh it to travel into the Veins, there is pain, with a Flatus, and vexes their extream parts abundantly.

12. Some are Costive, or more spa­ringly go to stool, by reason of the dri­ness of their bodies, but others are at­tended with fluxes.

13. The Urin appears muddy, and yet it neither resideth to the bottom, nor hath any troubled Sediment at the bot­tome.

14. There is such pulsation of the quivering Arteries as there is in them that are afflicted with a Quartan Ague, which is weak hard and frequent.

[Page 63] 15. And if the Praecordia's by reason of ill Living have been inflamed by heat, because of the straitness of the place, the matter having been shut in as in a hot Oven, a Fever will arise, gentle to the touch of the hand, neither having any period or time of Endings.

16. The Scurvy hath frequently its own periods, with which by little and little it is dissolved, and returns as it were again per Circulatum vel circuitum.

17. When the flesh of the Gums by its nature being softer because of its Texture, and being moistened with va­pours from the impure Bowels, scorch­ing by the power of the heat from be­low, truly they then are most apt to be fill'd, and then it ariseth into a less and fluid humour.

18. The Gummes do begin to itch at their roots, because of a scorched, putrid & salt humor, moistened by its Ichor, with which by its nature is acrid and sharp, propagated either by contagion, being stopt no longer, and by taking another course, and afterward it hath by staying in the place acquired an Acrimonia.

19. The Scurvy is alwayes accompa­panyed with the stinking foetor in the mouth.

[Page 64] 20. Another Infirmity that attends the Scurvy, is a weakness and feebleness in the knees, for which cause, the sick can walk but slowly, though he endea­vour much, by reason that the Muscles and nervous parts are over-charged with gross and melancholy humours, as also a Contraction of the Nervous parts, that many cannot set their feet plain upon the Ground.

21. To some there happens an obsti­nate stifness of the Jawes, that they cannot well gape or yawn, by reason of the stubborn stifness of the Joynt of the Cheek.

22. In some there happens a convul­sive motion of the Muscles and Nerves, in others a paralytick distemper; in some a swelling in their legges, in some the Scurvy and Dropsie are complicated together, in others there is an Atrophy, viz. a Consumption of some one part, whiles the rest are in good plight, by reason of undue attraction of Aliment.

23. There often happens a trembling and palpitation, and great Assaults of the Heart, and these Passions are meerly convulsive from the Cardiacous Nerves, to wit, of the Praecardium and Heart it [Page 65] self, by reason of the spasmodical matter that besieges it.

24. Some annoyed with wandring Fevers, and also sudden suffusions of heat, and also Cold in several parts of the Bo­dy, now hot, and anon cold, flushing heats in their faces, especially after meals, untill the Concoction be over.

25. Also Scorbuticks are wont to be molested with copious sweats, and spe­cially in the night, because the nutri­tive Juice every day brought into the Mass of blood, by reason of the intem­perature, impurity and foulness of it, is very little assimilated, being rejected of the blood, breaks forth under the form of sweat; but because that Nutritive Liquor, whiles it is assimulating, is made worse; being sick it produceth not a Fever in its own manner, the saltish in­temperature of the blood, which being less apt therefore, abideth in the burn­ing Fits; these immoderate kinds of Sweats, continual Fevers, with other Chronical Diseases, doe often happen to scorbutick persons, where the Nu­tritive Liquor by fault of the assimula­ting Blood is perverted more than the concocting Bowels.

[Page 66] 26. In Scorbuticks the Urine appears red, like a Lie made of Wood-ashes and this we pronounce as an undoubte [...] sign of this Disease; for whiles the serou [...] Latex, dissolved with the saltish and sulphurous uncocted particles, some do [...] impart and communicate to it the highly saturated, and as it were the Lixivial tincture, and also such a Urin abounde [...] much with Contents, which when it [...] cold doth praecipitate to the bottom.

27. To this sad disease there happe [...] a copious spitting, and often-times [...] bloodiness and swelling of the Gumme [...] and then a Sponginess, and after th [...] putrefaction, as also an aerosion of th [...] Teeth, and loosness, or a falling ou [...] accompanyed with a stink of the mout [...] the reason of which better appears, if be considered, that there are constit [...] ted certain peculiar Ducts, to wit, S [...] livales, or Vessels serving to spit, b [...] which the serous humours are copious [...] discharged, these arise from various Gla [...] dules, viz. à Parotidibus, maxillaribus, su [...] lingualibus, and are terminated much [...] the parts about the Gums, or very ne [...] them; the constant office of these, is [...] send down the spittle for certain uses i [...] [Page 67] to the Cavity of the mouth: and it is fur­ther to be observed, that the superflu­ous, gross and vicious are separated, as the gross are by Sweat and Urine or other wayes, from the blood, so these are carried out of the Body by this way.

28. Marks breaking out in the Legs, and other parts of the Body, is the Pa­thognomical sign of the Scurvy, as hath been already mentioned.

Thus I have given you a brief ac­compt of the Signs and Symptomes of the Scurvy, which appear to be many, and in many, very truculent or severe. And this the Reader is to note by the way, That no person may judge them­selves free of this disease, because they have not all these symptomes attending at once, for that person is rarely to be found that is so, though some we have recovered, that it was difficult enough to perceive the absence of any one of these symptomes.

THere are four Intentions by whic [...] the Scurvy is cured, and the banished health is recovered: The first i [...] Evacuation, the second is Alteration, th [...] third is comforting, and the fourth is th [...] removing the symptomes, but forasmuc [...] as these chiefly depend upon the Phar­maceutical, or Curative part of Physick that shall be referred to the use of othe [...] (Athleteses) I mean those Medicines specified in the Index Medicamentorum a [...] the end of this Book, which have power to extirpate the seeds of this disease [...] corroberate the parts, open obstruction [...] banish the symptomes, and consequentl [...] bring in the banished health: therefor [...] passing that, we shall proceed to the nex [...] thing, as that which is very necessary fo [...] all to know, and easie to follow, an [...] and which will compensate the price o [...] this Book, in answering that necessar [...] Question which is requisite to be propounded [Page 69] by every scorbutick person, and that which will have a tendency to do much in several of the Intentions pro­pounded, and that is, What is the Diet to be shunned, and what is the Diet to be followed? And here it is to be observed, that under the Name of Diet; Meat and Drink are not onely to be understood, but also the Manner and way of Living, consisting in Sleep, Watching, Venus, Bathings, Exercise, Idleness, Perturba­tions of the mind, and all such things which are done in the Bodyes of Mor­tals.

Two things are principally to be con­sidered in Meats, The first is such as must respect the strength of the sick; the se­cond must respect the Disease: All Diets in this Disease ought to have the faculty of thinning, cutting, cleansing and of op­posing the Disease; it must be of good Juice, fit to nourish the body, and that in favour of the Bowels, helpfull to Con­coction, the chief and proper Instrument of which is the native heat, which must not be impoverished by binding things, but rather by defending and preserving, by penetrating things, that they may nourish and be restoring.

The Food which is allowed to scor­butick Persons, is Beef meanly salted and young, Veal, Mutton, Lamb, Goats, Pork because it is easie of Concoction [...] and nourishes much, roasting Pigs, th [...] Hind, Kid, Rabbets: Foul, Capon [...] Cocks, Hens, Chickens, Pullets, Cockerels, Turkies, Partridge, Railes, youn [...] Doves, Black-birds, Thrush, Larks, Snite [...] the Heath-cock, Linnet, Teal, Radg [...] Green-geese, Marrow of Bones, the Live [...] of Fowls.

The Sole, the Trout, Plaice, Flou [...] ders, Whiting, Salmon-peal, Smelt [...] Breame, Codfish, Oysters, Lobsters Prawns, Shrimps, Pickerel, Pearch, Gudgeon, Dace. The moderate use of pu [...] and clear Wines, Water-gruel, Barly broth.

Their drink may be good Wine, esp [...] cially Rhenish, which is to be preferre [...] and good Beer well hopped and boyled and not too new: the Aire ought to b [...] hot and dry; frequent and moderat [...] Exercise is good, Venus, Sleep, Watche [...] and affections of the Mind, ought to b [...] moderate, and suitable to the Complex [...] on and Constitution.

Meats to be shunned, are all manne [...] [Page 71] of Flesh that is old, hard, over much salt­ed, and things dryed in the smoak, salt Fish, Beef much salted or old, Bull-beef, Martlemas Beef, salt Fish, pickled Herring, fresh Herring, pickled Oysters, heavy Bread, or Bread too coarse, but midling Bread is best. They are to ab­stain from Sugar, Honey, and all acid, sour things. A sedentary and an idle Life, is that which greatly promotes this Disease.

• Wormwood
• Sorrel
• Wood-sorrel
• Maiden-hair
• Agrimonia
• Round Birthwort
• Asarabeca
• Bettony
• Bistort
• Borrage
• Bugloss
• Dodder of Time
• Ceterach
• Chamaedry
• Celandine
• Cichory
• Enula-campane
• Rinds of Ash-tree
• Fennel
• Fumitory
• Broom-flowers
• Liquorish
• The Bark of the root of Cappar.
• Hyssop
• Liverwort
• Hopps
• Motherwort
• [Page 72]Myrabalanes
• Moneywort
• Docks
• Parsly
• Pimpinella
• Polypodium
• Horse-radish
• Rhubarb
• Scabias
• Tamaris
• Thyme
• Valerian
• Nettles
• Corants
• Raisins
• Scurvy-grass
• Water-cresses
• Brooklime
• Oranges
• Limons
• Limes.

LEues Venerea hath obtained variety of names, the Neopolitan Disease, Malum Indicum, the Indian Evil, Morbus Italicus, the Italian Disease, and by Fracastorius Siphilis Pudendagra, the Great POX, but in common Morbus Gallicus, the French POX, a name by which it is as well known as any, it may aptly be called Flagellum Dei Irati, the stroke of a Provoked God: It is defined thus, The POX is an occult and contagious Disease of the whole sub­stance of the Body, bewraying it self by Pustles, Marks, Ulcers, Torments and Pains; the Efficient cause is an occult and venomous Quality contracted by conta­gion and touch, and sticking in a certain Humour, as the subject; but this pernici­ous spot, although it spread it self abroad by various ways, yet it is mostly propa­gate into Mankind by a Venereal Copu­lation; and this Evil being sowed, the [Page] [Page 112] [...] [Page 97] [...] [Page 98] cruel Symptoms bud through the whole Body, the Mind is sad, the Body is wea­ry and heavy, the Face pale, Pustles break­ing forth chiefly about the Forehead, and then over the whole Body, there's felt a wandring and vehement pain now in the Head, anon in the Muscles, and by and by in the Joynts, and chiefly molest­ing in the night, bewraying it self by a stinking and foeted Gonorrhea, Ulcers and Bubo's arise about the Privy-parts, there also happen naughty Distillations, which do Erode one while the Palate, another [...]hile the Uvula, and sometimes the Jaws and Almonds, sometimes con­sume the Lips, in some the Nose, in others the Eyes, and in some the whole Privy-parts are consumed, and all the Members do languish, there is no desire to Meat, no sleep but sadness, and a continual dis­position to anger.

Some time they are accompanied with a small Fever, there happens a shedding of the Hair, a falling out of the Teeth, and when the Malida becomes very inveterate there are Cancerous Calous, Fistula's, Ulcers and Tophies, viz. in various parts of the Body a Caries or Rottenness of [Page 99] the Bones, and first in the Cranium, then in the Palate and Nose, a Hectick Fever, a Consumption, Cachexia, or an evil ha­bit or disposition of the whole Body, Fall­ing-Sickness, Deafness, Blindness, Exa­stocis, or bunching out of the Bones, and these are done in a double manner, either by the adhesion of the gross or vis­cide matter fixed or fastned to the Bones, or in the manner of an Excrescence of the Bone from the Interno meditullium, or inner part of the Bone; for although the Bone by his own Nature is hard, yet it is Extendet, and increased by the power of the venom.

These are the Signs and Symptoms by which you may know this horrid Disease, and come to a Judgment whether you be infected, yet for your better Information (and that because all these Symptoms are hardly, if ever, found in any one person, and if they should, that person may justly doubt of his Cure) we shall give you a more particular descition of it. Physitians have given many differences of this Disease: Brusanola hath given 234. Differences, but ma­ny of them are useless and unprofitable, [Page 100] the more useful are brought under the Number of Three or Four.

1. Differ. In former time it was observ­ed by Physitians, That upon an Impure Copulation there immediately followed Gallical Symptoms, sometimes they grew a little remiss, and shortly after departed without means, but sometimes there fol­lowed most grievous Symptoms, and those very stubborn and hard to be Cured.

2. Differ. The second Difference is fetched from the Cause and manner of the Contagion where the Leues Venerea is he­reditary, and was derived from the Pa­rents into the Issue, with the Seed and Blood; but now having a Being in the World by an Impure Copulation, it is com­municated by Kisses, Pocky Nurses, Gar­ments, pulling on of Gloves, and such like things.

3. Differ. The third Difference is taken from the Signs and Symptoms eminently following, as Buboes, Gonorrhea, falling of the Hair, pains of the Joynts; for nei­ther the Symptoms and Signs which do follow, and are new, are not the same in all. Eustachius tells us he had ob­served many Young Men to have lain [Page 101] with one and the same Whore in one and the same day, and nevertheless one hath had a Gonorrhea, another the falling of the Hair, another a Bubo, another a Ca­ries, another a pain of the Head, ano­ther preternatural Effect, and all this hath happened by reason of the various disposition of Bodies, and debility of the parts, and variety of Humours; for the weak parts do more easily take to themselves the evil & viscious Humours, then the stronger one hath a more purer Body, another a more impure, and which being corrupted with the veneral quality, do stir up other, and other Diseases and Symptoms, according to variety of Diseases and Symptoms, which sometimes are joyned and complicated together, do enume­rate fewer or more Differences.

4. Differ. The Fourth Difference is taken from the time, as this Leues is one while new, and another while old, some in the beginning, some in the augmen­tation, some in the state, and some in the declination, from which there ariseth Four Degrees of this Disease from the Def­ferences, the time, the variety of con­comitant Symptoms.

[Page 102] 1. The first Degree is most light, when only the Hairs of the Beard and Head by little and little, without any hurt of the Body, fall off.

2. The other Degree is worse, when the whole Skin is besprinkled with many marks or spots, and Extuberations, and these Symptoms in the form of Lentills, sometimes much more large, sometimes visciated with a redness, and sometimes with a Yellowness.

3. The third is more heavy, not only when the marks or spots, but also there breaks forth Pustles and Hillocks at the first about the Temples and forehead, be­hind the Ears, and then every where in the Head, but at length over the whole Body.

4. But the fourth Degree of this Leues Venerea is when it invadeth the solid parts, the Ligaments, the Bones, Membranes, and Nerves, and corrupteth them, in which many Gross, Glutinous, and Ma­lignant Excraments are gathered, which when they abide about the Tendon or Periostium, they pull the Membrane, and drive it from the Bones; they are wont to stir up most implacable pains, increasing [Page 103] within night, from which Excrements there grows by little and little Tophies with grievons pains Adequate, to the hardness of the Bones, which if it be in the Bones, they are so inlarged and ex­tended, that often times the Bones are not only made of a monstrous Figure and Magnitude, but only that a Crimonious Malignity doth by little and little eat out the Bone, and with a Caries consumeth the Bones; of which more ln the Diag­nostick part.

THough we have given you before the Signs and Symptoms of the Leues Venerea, yet that every one infected with it, may not only know that he hath it, but may determine to what Degree and Dominion this Tyrant hath attained over his Vassals: We have comprehended the Symptoms proper to every of the fore­mentioned Degrees under Three Heads or [Page 104] Squadrons, and under the first you have the Symptoms that assault from the be­ginning, and do bewray the Disease in its first approach.

They which ate first taken with this Disease, (presently they perceive a lassi­tude and heaviness in the whole body, and sometimes a dullness after sleep; there is a vehiment and wandring pain which he perceives now in the Head, anon in the Joynts, and then in the Muscles, and this pain is more in the night then any part of the day.

The florid Colour of the Face is chang­ed, and there appears a Livid Circle un­der their Eyes; they are sad and fearful, which before were jokant and merry, and that without any other cause: And if this Disease be contracted by Copulati­on, and hath not yet taken the Liver, but as yet sticketh in the Pudendum, then the beginning Leues Venerea bewray­eth it self by a Gonorrhea, Ulcers and Bu­bo in the Pudendum, and when that Ma­lignant Vapour is Communicated to the Testacles and Vessels of Generation, the Seed is corrupted, and the Generation of the Seed in the Genital Vessels is depraved, [Page 105] whence for good Seed there is Generated a stinking and corrupt Humour, which doth stir up the natural Excresion, whence also a Veneral Gonorrhea bewrays it self, because in this Galica it is joyned with great ardour, and also pain, and some­times with an inflamation of the Testacles, and Veins of the Vessels carrying Seed; the matter which is purged is far differing from Seed, viz. Yellow, Green, sharp, and Eroding the Glandula; there also ap­pears in the Pudendo Pustles of the big­ness of the Grains of Millet, sometimes it compasseth the whole Crown, and where they break forth, there is left white Ul­cers, in which the Disease increasing, they grew deep and Calous of a various Co­lour, adjoyned with pains.

Thirdly, also Buboes in this Disease do bewray themselves; for the seminal Vessels are infected with the impurity very easily, which when it hath, it arises from a vena longa ab ipso hepate, it doth communicate that verjulentsy very easily to the Liver, and repeleth the same by the same from it self, whence Buboes, as also Gonorrhea are stirred up, and these two Effects are complicated and joyned together, and are [Page 106] certain Signs of the Leues Venerea, and if the one be wanting, the other remains good; but if this Leues be contracted with­out the Venereal congress, as truly if it be taken by Kisses, there is Ulcers about the Mouth, if from sucking of an infected Infant there is about the Breast Inflama­tions, Pustles and Chops, if from Vest­ments and common Bedfellowship then there is Pustles every where dispersed in the Skin; and so you have the Signs of a beginning POX, or Leues Venerea.

BUt if this evil be now increased, and waxeth stronger, and this verulentsy be communicated to the Liver, and from hence the Nutrition in the whole Body is depraved, and all the Symptoms of this Disease enumerated in the History of this Disease do shew themselves, which truly though they do not afford every one [Page 107] single, and inseperable, proper Sign of this Disease by it self; yet if they are ta­ken contained, and the peculiar Condi­tion diligently considered, this Evil is made very clear; for there is scarce any Disease in which there is the Syndrome of all, so there be many so proper to the Leues Venerea that they are not found in the same manner in any other Disease, as Buboes, which are perceived sometimes in the beginning, sometimes in the increase of this Leues, for which cause they may be discerned from other Buboes in the manner declared in the first place, the crusty Scabs be the Indiciums or Signs of this Disease; and sometimes being appa­rent in the Forehead and Head, resembling the Horns of a Ram, in which there is contained a sanies matter, sometimes no­thing, and they appear in the Face, Head and Beard, and in the whole Body, but first about the Pubem or Coxas, or Hip, if they be joyned with a Tumor, and sticking first to fleshy parts and Bones, especially in the Head, Forehead, in the forepart of the Chin, they are the most certain Signs of the Leues Venerea; for the Venereous matter in the gross Humour [Page 108] hath a Coroding and a Dolorifick veru­lentsy joyned with it, such as is not in other Tumors, which do arise from a gross matter; for although Ulcers do often­times happen to arise in other Diseases, yet if they are stirred up first in the Yard, and chiefly in the Preputium, and about the Glandula, and near the end of the Yard, and also in the Pallate or Tonsils, and what is cast forth is putrid and stink­ing, and there was before no inflamation of the part, nor no Signs of the Scurvy, but Signs of the Morbus Gallicus; the Hairs of the Head do first fall, then the Hairs of the Beard, and after that the Hairs of the Eye-brows, and then that there is per­ceived Ulcerous Pustles, and sordid Scabs, this is a certain Sign of the Morbus Galli­cus; also in the same manner Rhagades and Clefts in the Palms of the Hands, and Souls of the Feet, having no other pre­cedent Cause, are undoubted Signs of the Leues Venerea, and so these Warts some­times depressed and broad, and sometimes large; and these Excrementiae, which they call Figs, Condylomata and Crusted, if perceived in the Privy-parts, or in Ano. Certainly this doth sufficiently dis­cover [Page 109] this Disease; and although pains of the Head do happen in many other Dis­eases, yet if litele Hillocks and Gummy do approach the Skin, if there be a Go­norrhea, and it be suppressed, and there hath been a Bubo, these be sufficient cer­tain Signs of the Disease; also pains in other parts of the Body; for if pains are not in those Joynts, but in that Region which is in the middle part of the Bones, and near the Joynts, as in the fore-part of the Shin, or in the Shoulder-bone, between the Head and the Joynt of the Elbow, and these be most intent and sharp, and do wax sharp about the Evening, and in the night, these also are certain Signs of this Disease; also that Distillation which is familiar to this Disease, by which much Flegmatick and waterish Excrements are cast forth by the Mouth and Nose, by which the part by which they pass are exulcerated; but first of all that Gallical Gonorrhea is the chief and certain Sign of the Disease.

THirdly, if the Evil be inveterate there may occur also the Symptoms of the Disease of every Kind, as Callous, Fistula's, and Cancerous Ulcers, Tophies in various parts of the Body, Caries of the Bones in the Shins, Arms, but chiefly in the Crannium or Skul, in the Bone of the Palate and Nose, a Hectick Fever, Pthisick, Cachexia, Fall­ing-sickness, the falling of the Teeth, Deafness, Blindness: To the truth of these things the Histeriographal part doth abundantly witness, as to what concerns the Differences, Verulentsy, although the formal reason of it is known, which is known from the Effects; for sometimes more, sometimes fewer parts are infected; sometimes the Contagion has a greater power of acting, sometimes a less.

And thus we have run over the Signs and Symptoms of the Leues Venerea with as much brevity as a matter of such impor­tance would admit, and with so much clear­ness, that there is not any person of the meanest Capacity, but may from this disco­very discern whether he or she be infected with this Distemper, and in time make out for Cure, you may here as in a Glass disco­ver the least approach of this Disease in your selves or Relations, and by that pre­vent a great deal of shame and misery to your selves, Relations and Families, and pro­long your own Lives: You have here stat­ed the Essence, Nature, Signs, Symptoms, Concomitants, and Effects of this dire­ful Disease, with its occult Quality, how it is contracted, and that is always by Contagion in its first Rise, though from thence may, and often is hereditary with all its Diagnostick Signs.

We omit the Prognostick Sign, so call'd by Physitians, because by them they do determine whether persons be Curable or not, and foretel the Effect that is like to occur according to the Concomitant Signs; because,

First it would extend this Work be­yond its design, being chiefly to acquaint how every person might come to a certain Knowledge of their own Disease. And,

Secondly, we cannot suppose without a Delirium in our own Brain, that any person that is infected with so Hostile and Formi­dable an Enemy as this is, and a Dome­stick one too, would (being in his right Wits) neglect his Cure, and not imme­diately seek out for it.

Thirdly, some upon Examination find­ing the Disease deeply rooted, the Sym­ptoms great, the Tyrant highly insulting over him, might dispair of Cure when it may be had, and so through mistake, and too much timerity run themselves upon ruine.

Fourthly, some who having but a lighter Touch or Infection might slight it, and think it nothing, as we have known many of this sort, and so go on, neg­lecting their own Cure, until they ruine themselves, and their Relations (if they have any) whereas there are but few, or rarely any, but may be Cured, and of whom we our selves have Cured many, and some too that have not hindred the [Page 113] least business, and have been under almost any restraint (Venery only excepted) and (their Relations being infected) we have Cured them, though to this day they know not what they ail'd; the Arcana's we use are such, viz. of that Power and Energy, that they Cure Cito tuto & Ju­cunde, which is as much as any Person can desire, small in Dose, and very easy to be taken, and may be conveyed (by rea­son they are small in bulk) to any place, and the Rules so plain and easy, that they may be observed without the least diffi­culty, the Cure so certain, that one in a Thousand almost need not dispair of Cure, if they will be observant; for it is to be understood, that though many may be Cured wlth rhat facility as is hinted, yet all may not without being a little more ob­servant in Rules somewhat more strict, and were it so, we have conveniency for any that will commit themselves to a more strict observation, for privicy and certain­ty of Cure in Cases more than ordinary; and this is worth your observation, which though as you have heard the Symptoms of this Disease are numerous, and appear with a dreadful Aspect, in foul Ulcers, sor­did [Page 114] and stinking Sores, filthy and noysom Scabs, a gastly Countenance, lamentable complaints of dolorous pain, as you have abundantly heard, in so much that they might almost have this Motto written up­on them, (Mortuus est) yet by the Bles­sing of God. we have conquer'd these sworms of Adversaries, heal'd and dryed up the Ulcers, caused the Scabs to fall off like Leaves in Autumn, renewed the native heat, restored the Countenance to its former Floridity, Cured the Hectick, dismissed the Consumption, and in some made him a new Man, (as to his body) or so repaired the old, that there hath in many to this very day not appeared the least sign of the approaching ruine, to their great satisfaction, happens of them­selves and Families, and though they have had Issue, yet these Off-springs are sound, strong, and enjoy perfect health, without the least Token of an hereditary communication of the paternal spot, and in all the marks or concomitants of perfect freedom from such things, there appears to be no difference from them and others, of whom there was never no cause of Je­lousy; nay, and less than of some who [Page 115] are born of Scorbutick Parents, or others annoy'd with milder and gentler Diseases.

The reason of this Allegation is, because some doubt whether there be any certain Cure for Persons, once infected with the POX, because some, who either because they would not be Regular, and have fallen into the hands of some bad and in­expert persons have fail'd of their Cure, or have been made worse, or have paliat­ed their disease, have taken on them the Phisiognomy of other Diseases, and Mask­ed themselves under the Vizard of the Scurvy and Gout, to whom they are much obliged for this disguise; for the certainty of our Cure, in this, as well as in many others, we could give you many Instances of persons by Name, Place of Habitation, with Sex and Age of all sorts, and these performed in Fourteen days up­on infants, who cannot observe Rule, and who went any whither, and did any thing but our own conveniensy, trust by many committed to us, and love to our Neigh­bour must prohibit our Pen.

And so much may suffice for the de­scription of this Disease, as to what con­cerns the Cure, it cannot be expected [Page 116] that we shall say any thing of that, for that would not answer the end proposed, and it would be useless; because they may have the Medicines that will certainly Cure of the Author, and at the place spe­cified in the Title Page, with plain Di­rections, so that they may be used in any Country, and distance from us whatso­ever.

THe Gonorrhea, a Brat of this Brood, (for the most part) and though it be enumerated among the Symptoms of the Leues, yet as [...]o its distinct Know­ledge, and some other necessary Circum­stances belonging, it will be convenient to let you know, that though a Gonorrhea may arise from another Cause, yet it is rare to meet with a Gonorrhea that is not a Symptom of the Leues Venerea, or con­tracted by a foul Copulation; we speak now as we have found in our Practice; a Gonorrhea [Page 117] is a running, or rather a dropping out of the urinary passage, of a Yellowish Livid, Bloody, Filthy, Sanies, like to puss, or matter not well Concocted, oftentimes fretting and exulcerating the passage with the Acrimony, and causing a painful ere­ction of the Yard, and distention of all the Genital parts; for in this Erection there is caused, as it were, a convulsive Contraction of these parts, and hence it is, that the Patients complain, that they feel, as it were, a String stretch'd stiff in that part which draws the Yard as it were downwards, the cause thereof is a gross and flatulent Spirit, filling and distending by its plenty the whole Channel or hol­low Nerve, yea the whole porous sub­stance of the Yard, if to these Symptoms this be added, that the urinary passage is exulcerated a grievous pain, afflicts the Patient while he makes Water, for that the Ulcers are irritated by the sharp Urine passing that way; for it is a viscious and acrid filth, which hath ac­quired a venenant malignity by the cor­ruption of the whole Substance.

This discription is sufficient for any per­son to come to a Judgment of himself, [Page 118] upon suspicion of himself he may come to a conclusion in the affirmative, that if some of these Symptoms be present, though they are not all, nor to the ut­most Degree, and especially if he hath been dabbling; he may conclude in the affir­mative, that he hath a virulent Gonorrhea, and by this be admonished to look out for Cure, which we have with our remedies performed in Six or Eight days to their great satisfaction; we have something to be consider'd as to the Female Sex, and some distinguishing Signs by which they might be able to judge of themselves, whether they have a Gonorrhea, for as much as they are attended sometimes with weakness proper to their Sex, only called Fluor albus. We have met with many that have had a foul corrupt Go­norrhea, and have thought it only the weakness now named, and so have born it to the hazard of their Lives, and by which many others have been ruined: But by reason this Book may happen into the hands of some less modest, and our modest Veneration of that Sex forbids any more than this hint; but if any be surprized, as too many are in these days, [Page 119] and they desire our advice, they shall re­ceive a modest Information of parti­culars according to the Nature of the thing, and Cure, if Curable, as it is not to be doubted, and so much we thought convenient to add concerning a distinct description of a Gonorrhea.

THe Dropsie in the Greek is [...], in Latin aqua-intercus, as to its spe­cies is described to be a Tumor of the Belly, and of these there be Three sorts, which have their several Appellations, viz. Ascites, Tympanites, & Anasarca; that which is called Ascites may swell the whole Belly, even as a Bottle, and therefore is called the Bottle-Bellyed-Dropsie, the principal species is, it is a swelling of the Belly, having its rise from a waterish and serous Humour, Collected in the capaci­ty of the Abdomen; and sometimes [Page 120] there is concomitant a Tumor of the Thighs, Feet and Privy parts, the nearest cause of this effect is a waterish and se­rous Humour collected in the Abdomen, together with the vice of the part con­taining the Humour? the Liver is not always in the fault, as Anotomical Inspe­ction of Hydropilal persons doth testifie; much less is the Spleen always to be blamed; but the Vasia Lymphatica be­ing of late more clearly discovered, it is from the obstruction of these that the Water is poured into the Cavety of the Abdomen, by which they are obstructed and stopped with any viscid and gross Humour. The serous Humour which otherwise is wont to be carryed to the receptacle of the Chyle is forced to take its Journey another way, and being beaten back whence it came, it makes the part to swell, which for that cause is elevated with a Copidness, which being over much burdened, at last they break, and so the Serum flows very easily to the Abdomen.

Or the Dropsie may happen from the Liver, being evilly affected, and when it la­bourerh with a Scirrhus obstruction or in­flamation, [Page 221] and so also a Dropsie happens from a great wait of the Bowels, the thin small Coats of Lymphatical Vessels being easily broke, as also from the Reins b [...]ing obstructed, the Bladder hurt, the Womb being easily effected, the Dropsie may sometimes follow, the Water is of­tentimes in the Cavity of the Abdomen, and sometimes it is received into little Bladders of a various Magnitude.

The second description of a Dropsie is Tympanites or a Tympany, receiving its Name from a Drum, for the Belly be­ing extended with Wind, if it be struck with the hand, it gives a sound resem­bling that of a Drum, it is also Hydrops si [...]is a dry Dropsie, in this the Abdomen swelleth from a Flatus shut up in the capa­city or hollowness of the Belly, oftentimes also the Intestines in this Affect is per­ceived to be distended from Wind shut up in them; but there is very seldom a Flatus to be found, but there is also a Wa­ter mixed with it.

And oftentimes Winds are Generated between the Coat of the Intestines, and Messentery, or from a debilitated Heat, or from the same too much scorched [Page] [Page 120] [...] [Page 221] [...] [Page 122] drawing its own parts into a consent with the crude and gross Chyl.

Lastly Anasarca, which is called [...], and hath a certain Affi­nity with a Cachexia, and it is an equal Ex­crement preternatural of the whole Mass of the Body, arising from the visciousness of Aliment, the cause is a Waterish Humour spread over the whole Body, produced from a debility and intemperature of the whole Bowels, by reason of which instead of good Blood there is generated a Crude and Flegmatick, whence it cannot aggluti­nate sufficiently, a naughty nutrement necessarily follows. Others alledge the obstruction of the Lymphatical Vessels, by reason of which the serous Humour cannot be seperated from the parts.

These be the Signs of an Ascites, a swelling of the Belly, Feet, and often­times of the Privy parts: The sick being rouled from one side to the other, there is observed the sound of a fluctuating Wa­ter, the Urine is little and thick, and some­times Red; they have a great Thirst, a dry Cough, a difficult Respiration, and an Extenuation of all the other parts, and also a Febris lenta & continuenta.

In the Tympany the Belly being struck, it sends forth the sound of a Drum, the bulk of the Abdomen is not so painful as in Ascites, but the Inflamation is greater, Pains and Torments go before, or pre­cede, especially about the Navel, and the Side; the Sick lying upon his Face, the Belly remains distened and hard, when the Sick turns himself, and is roul'd to either side, belching and noise doth frequently break forth, there is heard Murmurings and Grumblings.

In the Anasarca not only the whole Belly, but the Legs, Shins, also the Hands, Arms, Breast, Face, and whole Body does swell, and the Fingers being prest into the Flesh, they leave the Marks and Footsteps of their Impression, and with these there Frequently follows a Pale and Cadaverous Colour of the Skin, the Flesh soft and loss, the Urine thin and White, the Respiration difficult, a continual and small Fever.

THis Affection hath received this name from the place Affected, the Barba­rians do call it Mirachialis, and others according to the Authority of Hypocrates, a flatulent or Windy affect, it is described to be a Flegmatick and Cholerick foul­ness, or the filth of Atra-bilious Humour, gathered first of all in the Branches of the vena porta, Celeack Ar­teries and Messenteries by reason of the Spleen, and these too without putrefacti­on, from which the Humours savouring of the nature of these do stir up many and various Symptoms, such as these, Crudity and Rawness of the Stomach, a windy roaring of the Belly; sower Belching, much Spittle, Flegmatick Vo­mitings, pains of the Heart, or Heart­aking, binding of the Belly, Costiveness, an inflamed Heat of the Hypocondries, which sometimes follows this Malady; as [Page 125] also a Redness of the whole Face, occa­sioned from ascending Humours, the Urine sometimes thin sometimes thick and Red, a Distentio Hypochondriorum, and frequently a pulsetion and wandring pain of the Sides, difficult Respiration, pain of the Breast, beating of the Heart, a Vertigo or giddi­ness, and swimming in the Head, a dim­ness of the sight, Watching, Sadness, and Trouble of the Mind, troublesome Fan­cies, in some grief and sadness; the parts primarly affected are judged to be the Spleen, the Ferment of which being more or less stirred is wont to produce these Symptoms; but sometimes the only error of Diet is wont to generate this evil, there being no fault in the Stomach or Spleen.

Signs of the part affected is first if the Humour offending be in the Spleen it self, then you may perceive a Tumor or hard­ness in the Region of the Spleen, there is an evil and swarthish Colour of the Face; if the Humour be contained in the Liver, there is perceptable a Tumor in the Region of the Liver; but if a Flatus, Windiness, Roaring or Tumbling, and Pains be perceived, it is in the Vessels be­tween [Page 126] the Stomach and Spleen, and chief if it be 6 or 7 Hours after Dinner or Sup­per, and that there is not perceived a Tu­mor or Hardness neither in the one nor in the other side; if the Stomack be origi­nally afflicted with this affect, it is known by the weakness and debility of Coction, or digesting the Food; and because there is oftentimes [...], of the Stomach and Liver, in this Affect it renders the Cure difficult.

This Disease is known to be very af­flicting, the Symptoms very dismal and sad to the persons afflicted with it, the Cure difficult, having been at­tempted by many learned Physitians in vain; nay, often and for the most part these persons seem to be worse while they are under the means of Cure than they were before, by reason of the stirring of the Humour, that the Patients themselves dispair of Cure, (which it is easie for them to do) because they are always of a doubting, fearing and dispairing dis­position, mistrusting and suspecting the worst of all things,

For this cause it is called Flagellum Me­dicorum, the scourge of Physitians, because of their great endeavours and parts laid out in this Disease, and many times a fruitless Issue; we have seen many per­sons in this afflicting and dismal distemper attended with variety of Symptoms, some have not all the Symptoms (God forbid they should) some have not the same, but this besure, that all feels the influence upon their Minds, making them pensive, aggravating all outward Affliction; when this Disease arises to the highest pitch, their mind [...] are always rouling and tum­bling, sometimes to this thing, sometimes to that, sometimes to this place, some­times to that, restless in every place and Condition, and for the most part their Minds troubled and rowling about mat­ters of Religion, though to little purpose, being never satisfyed in their Scruples, but renewing to themselves new occasions of Trouble, and many times they ascend to that degree, that being drove to despair, they attempt their own ruine, and some­times this ends in their own destruction.

We have our selves been very conver­sant with this Disease, having had many Patients under our Cure, and have seen and heard what we here speak of, and through the Blessing of God can give a very good Account of our selves in this Cure, having Cured many, even persons that have been under the Skilful and able Men, and that for a long course in Phy­sick. I say we have recovered them that have been as desperate as any; many pregnant Instances we can give of persons in this City, who do acknowledge them­selves obliged to us and will own it, and this done upon persons afflicted with the highest Symptoms of this Affect, and this we have done Cito tuto jucunde, con­sidering [...] the stcbborn Nature of this Disease by chance or good fortune, but ut Ars docet; and therefore by the Blessing of Him who is the Fountain of Blessing, and without whom nothing is Blest, and whom we do Implore; for every good and every perfect Gift comes down from the Father of Light: Neither do we speak these vaunting or boastingly, or with Reflections upon any others thats not our manner, (being not [Page 229] after the Pattern of our great Master) and who himself said, No Man lighteth a Candle and putteth it under a Bushel, but on a Candlestick, that it may give light to all that are in the House; but for the publick good, not doubting but others that have need may receive the same.

And this is to be noted, That to our Knowledge we have met with none for many years, (in our hands, but what have received good.

A Disease which is familiar to, and very much afflicting Women, it is called [...] suffocatio uterina, or in the English the Suffocation or Strangling of the Womb; because Women in this Dis­ease seem to be strangled or choaked; the Symptoms are so many, that it cannot be defined by one thing only; for now there is a difficulty of Breathing, anon a Swounding, by and by the Animal and [Page] [Page 128] [...] [Page 229] [...] [Page 130] other Actions are hurt, with a refrigera­tion of the whole Body, having its Rise from a Malignant Vapour, elevated from the Womb to the superiour parts; the Blood and Seed does not only afford the original to this Vapour, but other viscious and corrupt Humours in the Womb, whilst they put on a malignant and ve­nomous Nature this evil doth invade by Fits, which do now return more ftequent­ly, and anon more seldom: They indure sometimes a longer sometimes a shorter time according to the quantity of the mat­ter, which is either more slowly or more quickly Collected, so it is sooner or later discursed it is familiar to Virgins, to Widows, Women in Child-bed. Those things which shew the approach of this Affect is Nausiousness, Yaunings, Stretch­ing of the Body, Rumblings of the Belly, with Belching, Weariness, a sad Coun­tenance, Paleness of the Face, with the increasing Affect, it begins to urge a sense of strangling, the Respiration is in­tercepted, and the Suffocation, and at length all the Vital and Animal Actions are depraved, lessoned or abolished: Hence there is perceived Deliriums, Con­vulsions [Page 131] in the Face, and Ligaments, and also in the whole Body, a Vertigo, an in­version or rouling of the Eyes, Speechless, an obscure or no Pulse, and other grievous Symptoms, in which the Womb is sensibly stirred, and as it were rowl'd to­gether; but the Affect or Histerick Fit de­clining, the Intestines roareth, the Eyes are lifted up, the Cheeks are over-spread with a Redness, the Animal Actions are restorred, the Body waxeth Warm, deep Breathings are sent forth, and so the Sick by little and little is restored.

This is distinguished from a Syncope, that here is often perceived some Pulse, there is no breaking forth of a Cold Sweat, there is no Paleness, but rather a tumidness or swelling, and sometimes a Redness, and it is stirred up by Sweet smelling things, and they difference it from an Apoplexy, in that if these be pricked there is no Snorting, and after the Fit they remem­ber all that was said or done.

And lastly it is distinguished from the E­pilepsie or Falling-sickness, in this the Con­vulsive Motions are not perpetually joyned in the first time of the Invasion, here is no Spittle found about the Mouth, and many [Page 132] of the Actions are remembred after the Fit. Some will not grant that the part primarily Affected is the Womb, but the Hypochondres, and they state the nearest Cause to be a Flatus, an Air and Va­pours, hurting chiefly by their Acidity and Austerity, by reason of the viscious­ness, and the more Acid pancreatical Juice waxing hot, the sharper Choller and more viscious Snivil in the Bowels; others again do attribute it to the serous Filths born towards the original of the Nerves, whence the animal Spirit affected with the Bloot, is stirred up at length unto an Ex­plosion, and they think this Effect chiefly and primarily to be Convulsive, and to depend very much from the Brain and Nervous kind, being affected: But lastly others do ascribe the Rise of the Histerical Passion to the Flatulent and thinner Blood, with a certain increasing Heat, impetuous­ly rushing into the Vessels of the Lungs and Heart, and thence doth produce all the fore-recited Symptoms.

THe Greek Word [...] so called, a Vi­verra a Ferret, because his Eyes are tincted with a Yellow Colour, vel ab Ictero ave, God speed the person that hath the Jaundise, and it is so called Galgulus, which if it be beheld by a person that hath the Jaundise, the Bird presently dies, but the Sick is healed, in Latin it is called Aurigo, the Kings-evil, Regins Morbus Arquatus, the Kings Disease, or the Kings-evil, it is the Effusion of Choller through the whole body, the Cause is attributed to an obstruction of the passages of the Blad­der of Gaul and biliary Pores; and hence the Choller of the Bladder of Gaul, de­stinated to the Intestines, the Ductus being abstructed is rejected, and is for that Cause disgorged into the Blood, from whence it is sent forth every where into the Blood, and from thence it is thrust forth every way into the Skin, one is called [Page 134] the Yellow, and the other the Black, and both is produced from one and the same Cause, they differ in this, that in the Black the Gauley Bladder being longer obstructed; so that the particles of the Gaul is so Copiously heaped up; being not Concocted, they produce a Black Colour, not a perfect Yellow to the Blood and Serum, the Stools in the Jaundise are whi­tened; but not always the Jaundise thickens the Urine, and from thence it looks blackish, it suddenly invades a Man, and for the most part without a Fe­ver, and without any great decays of strength; also the Jaundise is produced by reason of the ill Disposition of the Li­ver, from the hot intemperature of the same, either with or without an Infla­mation.

It comes in Fevers in manner of a Crisis, and also by drinking of Poyson, or bi­ting of venomous Beasts, by which the whole Mass of Blood looses its former pu­rity, and is corrupted into a Citron Co­lour'd Humour, by which means at length the whole Skin is infected, and tincted with a Yellow Colour; for the [Page 135] Jaundise is known by the Yellow Colour of the whole Body, but chiefly perceiv­ed in the Whites of the Eyes, as also by the dullness and Itching of the Body, bit­terness of the Tongue, Chollerick Vo­mitings and Sighings.

THis Disease the Chollick takes its Name from the Gut called Colon, be­cause it is in that Gut wherein it doth ex­ercise its cruelty, and the Torment of it is oftentimes so much, that many are most miserably handled by it. There is a sad sense of Pain of the Bowels, and chiefly of the Colon, with the Retention of the Stools arising from a Solution of Con­tinuity. The nearest Cause is Solution of Continuity; for so great a Pain can scarce draw its original from any intemperature, only, the material Causes are Winds, in­durating Excrements stopped in the In­testines, especially Chollerick and F [...]g­matick [Page 136] Humours, and sometimes an In­flamation, and also Worms, and any o­ther matter whether cold or hot, and whatsoever can obstruct, corode, and press the Intestines, or much alter them, because they are not able to refuse the ma­liguant matter, and these things can stir up the Pain of the Chollick; but the mat­ter causing this Pain is sometimes contain­ed in the Cavety, and sometimes between the Tunicles or Wrinkles, and Folds of the Intestines.

Among Physitians there is mention made of a Three Fold Chollick, of a Windy, secondly a Flegmatick and Chol­lerick.

That which ariseth from Winds hath mostly a wandring Pain which doth not stay long in the same place, but one while upward, another while downward, and anon wanders into the other side, and there Torments by distending the part. The Chollerick Humours being the Cause, they produce the Collick with the sense of a gnawing Pain, and oftentimes it hath accompanying it a thirst and bitter­ [...] Mouth.

That which takes its Rise from vitriated Flegm, if stiffly adhering to the Intestines, produceth as it were a sense of perforating the Intestines with an All or Stake, and is frequently accompanied with a Nauseous­ness and Vomiting, a Retention of Excre­ments, so that sometimes the Wind can neither break upward nor downward, and oftentimes a Pain, now in this part, and anon vehimently infesting another, by which the Pains of the Chollick may be distinguished from the Pains of the Gra­vel and Stone; but it is much more mani­fest if the Pain be in the higher parts of the Reins, and vitriated Flegm be ejected by Stool, or the Pain hath been quieted either with the Ejection of the indurated Stools, or with other matter; for these do sufficiently manifest the Chollick other ways, as chiefly the place and a stability, but otherwise dull pain of the Legs straight upward, and the Exclusion of Sand, Gravel and Stone, doth shew that the pain is the pain from the Stone.

THe Liver, (whose Office it is to receive the Blood from the Vena Portae) being seperated from the Gaulish Humour, and depurated, and to lead it into the Vena Cava, it lies open to many and various Diseases, such as be hot and cold Intem­peratures, Obstruction, Scirrhus, Infla­mation and Pain; an Obstruction is very familiar to the Liver, and it is assaulted with no distemper more than this, which is easily done by reason of the small Branches of the Vena Portae dispersed eve­ry where into the substance of the Liver, the Causes be these.

First the more obstructed Pores of the part, binding things, a Contusion, Com­pression and Ligature.

The second is by reason of the unapt­ness of the Blood to pass the Pores, be­cause of its great Viscidity and Thick­ness.

The Third is the Oppression from the plenitude of the part, because of a fuller Diet, Exercises omitted, and suppression of wonted Evacuations, Heaviness and Distention, with a Dull Pain, doth shew this Affect, and chiefly if it be in the right Hypochondria, and it is chiefly manifest when any one will sustain an Exercise after Meals.

A Scirrhus of the Liver is a preterna­tural Tumor in that part, hard and resist­ing the Touch, and without pain, unless it be strongly prest, and it draws its ori­ginal from a stubborn and inveterate Ob­struction, for the most part, but sometimes, though rarely, from an Inflamation, and this is not done suddenly, but step by step; for in the first place the Humour, the Au­thor of the Obstruction doth fill and stuff the small Veins of the Liver; this being done, from thence it doth rebound into all the substance of the Viscera, and ob­structing it, and from thence the Veins hence being heaped up much fuller, the Liver distendeth into a large heap, that it appears swell'd, and then being dryed, and the thinner part by the force of heat is dissipated, so all the rest waxeth hard, [Page 140] and by the mixtion of it the substance of the Liver doth wast; and at length there is produced a true Scirrhus more easily perceptable, especially by the Touch, if the Party be tender, and the Belly be not fat, and the Sick lying straight upon his Face, either in the left side, for it cannot be discerned without the Touch, for it is circumscribed in the Place and Figure of the Liver. Moreover it is perceptable easily lying upon the right side, but the left lyeth heavyer; for that certainly a heap as it were weightily pressing, into the Stomach and Praecordia.

The Inflamation of the Liver, which the Greks call [...], is a hot Tumor of the Liver, with a continual Fever, stirred up from an impetuous affluxion of Matter accompanied with a sad Pain, afflicting with the sense of weight the Signs of this grief is a weight in the right side of the Praecordiums stretched out from the Jugulum to the Bastard Ribs, a small Cough, and that dry, difficulty of Breathing, an accute Fever, a Queasiness of Stomach, a great thirst, the Colour of the whole Body inclining to a Yellow; this Tumor easily passeth into an Abscesses, which [Page 141] if that happens it pronounces certain death, and when it becomes an Im­posthume, Pain, Fever, and other Symp­toms wax strong; the Fits invade many times without order, which being over, an Exacerbation of heat follows, the Puss being made, all these things are remitted; but the strength remaining is much weaker, the Pulse frequent, small and languid, a frequent fainting of the Spirit; the Abscessus being broke, there breaks forth much filth from the Puss, the Sick is detained with sometimes a hot sometimes a cold Intemperature; there is a great loathing of Flesh, nevertheless hunger does much hurt, the thirst is vehiment, the whole Body, and specially the Palms of the Hands, and the Souls of the Feet are hot, the Face white, soft habit of Body, and raw and crude dejections.

A Cachexia is an evil habit of Body, and as it were a Dropsie, it is a more soft and loose Constitution of the fleshy and skinny parts of the whole Bo­dy, and as it were a puffing up with an ill favour'd Colour of the whole Skin, either Pale, Livid, or Leadish; this evil is wont to come from impure, naughty, and corrupt Aliments; but if these be not the cause it is charged upon the Im­becility or Impurity of the Stomach and Viscera, for Imbecility produces a weak and crude Concoction; for the parts of the more pure Aliments being carryed into the habit of the Body, notwithstanding it is sent to, and as it were agglutinated to the parts, yet it is not perfectly assimi­lated; and from hence is made not true and legitimate nutrition, but a viscious and unprofitable; the Impurity of the Viscera maketh an evil and corrupt Blood, [Page 143] which at length is brought into all the parts, and being unuseful to be dissipated into the Substance of the Body, thence follow an unmeet nourishment, the exter­nal Causes are Meats of evil Juice, fre­quent gorging of the Belly, studying too late at night, over much watching, sup­pressae evacuationes mensium, suppression of the Hemorrhoides, frequent bleeding at the Nose, or stopping of other Matter, which were wont to flow as a Diarraea, and Dysenteria longa. Long being in Pri­son, and Subterranian places, Venom be­ing drunk, or the Bite of venomous Beasts; that also which makes much to this Disease is continual Fevers, stubborn obstructi­ons of the Liver or Spleen, hard and Scirrhous Tumors; old people are also corrupted with this Disease, by rea­son of the Imbecility of the Native Heat; and Women (ob retensionem men­sium) and Children by Gluttany or ex­cessive eating. And also a Cachexia sometimes hath its original from an Ul­cer of the Reins, where there is Gra­vel, when the perulent Matter, by rea­son of the Obstruction of the Ureters, flows back into the Reins, and so in­fecting [Page 144] the Blood, the whole habit is defiled.

PEribneumonia is an Inflamation of the of the Lungs, with an accute Fever, difficulty of Breathing, and a Cough, the part affected is the Lungs, either the whole Lungs or part, either the right or the left side, the Cause is, Blood break­ing copioufly into the Lungs, and kindling an Inflamation? the External Causes are vehiment Exercises, especially after long quiet and repletion of the Body, over­crying and Extention of the Voice, an­ger, the Cold Northern Air, especially following the Southern, the use of Stag­nent Waters, as Lakes &c. Venomous Diets, and sometimes mrlignant Hu­mours, as when the Peribneumonia or [Page 145] Inflamation of the Lungs are Epide­mical.

The Signs are straightness of the Breast with a heavy and grievous pain, reaching to the Spine of the Back, difficulty of Breathing, and truly a greater than in the Pleurifie, an accute Fever, trouble­some Cough, a Redness of the Cheeks, in the beginning no Spittle, but in pro­cess of time there follow Crude, Cholle­rick, or Frothy Spittle.

The Cure is to be begun with opening a Vein, a Glyster (if need be) being first administred.

A Pleurisie is a Disease of the Thorax or Breast, the most molesting and accutest of all, and there is none that assaulteth the life of a Man more, it is an Inflamation which extendeth it self under the Ribs, and the Membranes thereto ad­joyning; and taking its Rise from a thin Chollerick Blood, with a continual Fever and [Page 146] pricking pain of the side, vehiment Cough, difficulty of Breathing, it is caused either from pure Blood, or hot and Chollerick Humours, being mixed, flowing into the Membranes, the remote Causes are Ca­cohimia, Plethora, wonted Evacuations of Blood, being supprest, Flux of the Belly unseasonably stirred, a Contusion of of the Breast from a fall, or a violent stroke, vehiment Exercise, and after that Exercise a large draught of cold Water, or the like, a large drinking of more pure Wine, too much hot, or over much cold.

The Pathognomical Signs of a Pluresie are accute pains of the side, difficulty of Respiration, as also frequent and little, a continual Fever, and often observing the Fit of a Tertian, in the beginning a dry Cough, afterward moist, with foul and colour'd Spittle, there is an Inflamation of the Intercostal, External Muscles; this arises sometimes from Blood poured out into those External Muscles, and some­times from Winds, and sometimes from a Distillation; the true Pluresie is known from a Bastard, that the sick cannot lie on that part opposite to the pained side, be­cause [Page 147] of the Membrane pained by the newly conceived weight: But in the Ba­stard Plurisie it is difficult to lie down up­on the side affected.

[...] Puss, and [...] Putre­faction, Suppuration, it is a Colle­ction of Puss in the Capacity of the Tho­rax or Breast, coming from the foulness and filth of the whole Lungs, but it flow­eth thither either from an Angina or Perib­nenmonia, or it happeneth more frequent­ly from a Pleurisie; for these Coughs not being well cleansed, there happeneth an Abscessus, from which at length being broke, there floweth a Puss into the whole Capacity of the Breast.

[...] tabes [...] Corrumpo, in Latin Tales, and in general it is taken for the Ex­tenuation of the whole Body, and it is accepted for any thing that flows from the same Cause, and in that sense it is taken among Physitians, and so it is taken frequently; for that Consumption of the whole Body, which flows from the Ul­cers of the Lungs, and so this Calamity may be defined, it is an Ulceration of the Lungs from a sharp Matter coroding cum febre lenta, a Cough with a foul and pe­rulent Spittle, by which by little and little the whole Body is Consumed aad Extenuated.

The Cause of the Phthisis is besides the viscions Constitution of the Lungs, a sharp and salt Distillation from the Head, as also a sharp Humour from the neigh­bouring parts cast into the Lungs, as In­flamation, Suppuration of the pleura me­diastina [Page 149] Diaphragma, and aspera arteriae, which is converted into an Epyema, and from those naughty depraved Humours which are generated, there is produced a Phthisis, and moreover from the broken or eroded Vessels of the Lungs▪ and pu­trifying there, this evil is contracted.

The Anticedent Causes be viscious Hu­mours Collected in the whole Body, which when they be moved or stirred, from External Causes, and transmitted to the Brain, and thence flow into the Lungs, and if to this there happens a suppression of other wonted Evacuations of the He­morhoids vel Mensium.

The External Causes are Contagious Air very hot or cold, or the Autumn Air.

Those which are disposed to a Con­sumption are such who have narraw Breasts, their Neck long and narrow, and their Shoulders standing up.

The Signs be these, a continual Cough, at first a Bloody Spittle, and afterwards perulent, a small and continual Fever, which afflicts most in the might, an Extenuation of the whole Body, a difficult Respiration; the Disease being confirmed, the Puss be­comes stinking.

The Hair falls off, the Nails are bow­ed inwards, the Cheeks wax Livid, the extream part and the Feet sweat, and lastly there follows a Diarrhea.

THe Head may be said to be the foun­tain and root almost of all evils, and so it is proclaimed to be, both from Hypocrates and the rest of the Ancients; for when a Catarrh falls from the Head, it is the cause of many Diseases, for there are few parts of the Body safe from the Incursion of this Enemy, the Ears, the Eyes, the Nose, Jaws, Lungs, the Sides, Arms, Shoulders, Flancks, Glandula's, Hips, Legs, and what part is there it doth not Invade? for from hence follow Apoplexies, Blindness, Pleurisies, Con­sumption of the Lungs, Palsies, Deafness, Quinses, Orthopnoiae, Coughs, Horseness, Vomitings, Inappitency, Inflamation of the Liver, Bladder and Reins, pains of [Page 151] Collick, Iliaca passio, Fluxes of the Belly, and Gouts of all sorts, and all Rheuma­tism, and what a Number of Diseases may proceed from a Catarrh, so that it de­serves to be called the Fountain of all Diseases and Complaints: It is by the Latins called Distillatio; but from the Greek [...]: The Name of a Catarrh taken in the largest sence signifyeth a De­fluction from the Head to the inferiour parts; but when it is taken more strictly, it is defined to be a Defluction of an Ex­crementious Humour from the Head into the Palate, Mouth and Lungs, having its Rise from the Expulsive faculty of the Brain being excited.

The Material Cause is a Flegmatick Humour, sometimes insipid, and some­times acid, salt and sharp, and sometimes also corrupt and hurting, the substance, such as is begotten and gathered in the Head in a contagious or malignant Ca­tarrh, or the faculty of the Brain it self being weak, chiefly by reason of a moist and cold intemperature, for that cause the Head is not able to concoct the Aliment destinated to the Brain, nei­ther is it able to dissipate the superflui­ties [Page 152] begotten there; for either by Vice of of the inferiour parts, (for oftentimes the exhale from below, and by studies and business, presently after meat, are attract­ed to the Head; the Vapours and thick Fumes, which the Brain, bccause it is not able to beat back the approaching, nor dissipate the Fumes already received, must retain as in its proper Inn.

Thus the Head in this manner being repleated with much Flegm or Vapours, condensed into a waterish Humour, at length the Expulsive faculty of the Brain being awakened, ariseth; which being desirous to unburden it self, thrusteth forth the burden with which it is over much prest plentifully to the lower parts.

The External Causes which do either multiply or press out this Excrementious Humour, and excite it to a Defluction is the more cold Air, Northerly Wind, cold Medicines applied to the Head, a sudden change or mutation out of a hot Air into cold, and so on the contrary, the immoderate use of the more thin and clear Winds, as also by the flowing of hot Humours; hence it is that Catarrhs [Page 153] are more frequent in the Spring season, also hot Baths unseasonable, friction of the Head, with hot cloaths, vehiment Motions of Mind and Body, heat of the Sun, long Sleep, over much Watching, night Studies; some Catarrhs are cold, some hot, others sweet, some salt, and some are suffocating when they rush with violence into the Lungs, so that they ex­pose a person to the hazard of suffocating; and lastly some are contagious.

GAllen hath stated four Differences of bloody Dejections.

The first is when the Blood is cast forth pure by Stool, by reason that there is an Imposthume in some inward part, or from wonted or accustomed Evacuations is in­termitred, or from such like cause.

The second sort is, when the Matter Ejected is like Water in which raw flesh hath been washed, and this is called He­patick, or Flux of the Liver.

But the third is an Excretion of Black and shining Blood, and this is Gold Me­lancholly.

But the fourth and last is a Dysentery, in this the Intestines are primarily affect­ed, which does appear by the Torments and Gripings of the Belly, and it is de­fined thus, it is a frequent, crude and pe­rulent Dejection, with pain and ulcera­tion of the Belly and Intestines, from a sharp Matter Eroding, which is peculiar­ly contrary to the Intestines. The next causes are certain sharp Humours, obtain­ing a peculiar and an occult disposition with which the Intestines are Infested and Exulcerated.

The remote causes are naughty and un­suitable Food, Musty Drinks, Water that runs through Leaden and Old Pipes, the use of Autumnal Fruits, as of Grapes, and other such like venomous and violent Medicines, the Air in the Spring being hot and dry, after a rainy aed slabby Winter, accompanyed with Southerly Winds; for oftentimes this Disease is stir­red up at the end of Summer and begin­ning of Autumn, and in Countries very hot, for it doth shew forth very much [Page 155] Contagion in those hot parts of the World in the production of this Affect.

The parts affected are the Intestines, sometimes the thick sometimes the thin, and sometimes both; if this distemper be in the thiner Bowels, it bewrayeth it self very much in these following Signs, The Torments do come by longer inter­vails, the pain is more sharp, and shew­eth it self to be about or above the Navel, the Feces and Blood are very much con­founded, and mixed together, because before they are cast forth, they perform a long Journey.

When the thicker Bowells are affected, the pain is not so great; and the Torments are not only felt in the lower Bowels, but also presently after the Torments the Ex­crements are cast forth, upon which also there swimeth a Cruor, which is in the other intimately united.

A Diarrhea (which as it is commonly taken, doth note every flowing of the Belly) but properly so called, it is an immoderate, frequent, or continual dejection of the Belly, in which there flows not Crude Aliments as in a Lienteria, neither bloody filths as in a Dissenteria, but Excrementious and more unmixed Humours, more sincere in quantity and quality, without Inflamation, Exulccra­tion, or a vehement sence of Pain; the abundance and pravity of the Humours procureth this Disease by stirring up the Expulsive faculty of the Stomack and In­testines; things furthering this Disease are Errors committed in Diet, and Meats of evil Juice, venomous and easily corrupt­ed, and gorging themselves with excess of Food, new Beer or Ale, intemperate Air, the omission of bodily Exercise, the constriction of the Pores of the whole Body.

In a Diarrhea there be many Differen­ces, by reason of the Matter which is Bil­lious, Flegmatick, Melancholick and se­rous, by reason of the place from whence the Matter floweth; for in some it is from the whole Body, but in others from some peculiar part, as from the Brain, the Stomack, Intestines, Missentery, Liver, Spleen and Womb; and lastly with respect to the manner and efficient Causes, for some are Critical; the appearing Signs of concoction in Fevers being rightly done by Nature this way, others are Sympto­matical; breeding of Teeth in Children doth produce a Flux of the Belly.

THese Affects are known more or less according to the difference agree­ing or disagreeing, which in both is an Excretion by the Belly of uncocted Foods; but they are distinguished by this, that a [Page 158] Lienteria (laevitas Intestinorum) is an o­ver quick and sudden Excretion of un­concocted Food, being not changed or altered, neither in substance, nor in the due Colour; but in the Caeliacal is the Food received or alter [...]d, passing from the Stomack into the Bowels, is in some meaner manner concocted: The cause of both is the retentive faculty of the Sto­mack and Bowels, being hurt in a Lienteria it is almost abolish'd, but in a Caeliaca it is but diminish'd; the retentive faculty of the Stomack is abolish'd or diminish'd from the same Causes, as they are more grievous or more gentle; there is most frequently a cold and moist intemperature, joyned with a Flegmatick Humour, re­laxing the Ventricle, and smiring the wrinkled Superficies thereof, that it can­not retain the Aliment, falls into the Bow­els unconcocted: This is done by reason the Expulsive faculty of the Stomack and Bowels is irritated from gnowing Hu­mours, which by pulling stirs up an un­timely Excretion; an Inflamation in like manner stirs up this faculty, and also an Ulcer of the Stomack or poison taken, or things of a Malignant quality besieging the Stomack.

In the Caeliacal Passion this is taken for a Cause, viz. the straining through of the Chyl (being hurt by the spungeous scurf of the Intestines) in passing into the Milky Veins; moreover the Lienteria does often succeed most grievous and deadly Diseases, as it is seen in a Dyssen­tery and malignant Fever, because of the great imbecility of the retentive faculty. These Evils are not to be slighted, for that they draw the nutriment from the whole Body.

THe Asthma or short Breath, it is call­ed in Latin Suspirium, it is defined thus, it is a frequent, hard and and short breathing, or difficult Respiration, and oftentimes without a Fever, joyned with a great contention of the Lungs; the cause consists in the straightness of the Lungs, which being stopped with a gross viscid Humour, very stiffly sticking to the Pipes [Page 160] and Caverns of the Lungs; and being stopped, it draws its original from thence thin and serous Humour, and also copious is frequently the Efficient of this evil.

A Tubercules or Push, as also Gra­vel sticking in the Lungs do act their parts vere often in producing this Affect. All these are wont to produce the Asthma by obstructing, either by stopping the aspera Arteria, the smoother Arteries, or subsisting in the substance of the Lungs; the Morbick Matter by pressing the Lungs, or obstructing or pressing somewhat into the Lungs, by reason of the debility of the Viscera it is gathered together by little and little, and sometimes it flows from another place from the Head in the manner of a Catarrh, which is rare, or from the Pulmonal Artery.

ARthritis or the Joynt-disease, Morbus articularis, which is also called Gutta articulorum plurium, it is a pain running from thence, which is a defluction of a serous and sharp Humour falling into the Joynts hath stirred up the parts affected, the Membranes, Tendones and Ligaments, taking their original from the Periostium, and from thence indued with sense; for the Joynt is made firm from these, the conjunct cause of the Gout is solution of unity; but the Antecedent is a serous Hu­mour, Salt and Tarterous, from Aliments impregnated with a Tarter, from the im­becility of the parts appoin [...]ed to con­coction, taking its original from thence; those Foods being not well digested, by this means this salt and subtil Humour comes to the Joynts, the sensible parts be­ing partly distended, and partly tearing by its Acrimony, bringeth most cruel [Page 162] and sharp Torments, which can scarcely be laid asleep again, although helps be administred by the very hand of Apollo; and hence it is called medicorum oppro­brium.

ANgina is called so ab strangulo to choak or be strangled the Symptoms are properly of the Face and Larinx, and it is terrible and deadly, as well for the sharpness of Pain, as for the interception of the Office necessary to maintain Life, and the oppression of the part by whose Office life cannot be, for it hindereth the swallowing necessary to Life, it taketh away the Respiration, without which the Animals cannot live to the point of Life.

It is defined to be a Flegmonous Affect of the Jaws, all the parts of the Gula or Throat, by which as the Meats and Drinks, and also the Spirits do en­ter, [Page 163] so in this Affect it thrusts them forth.

But some are Legittimate and True, some be Bastard, there be four Species of the True, one which Hypocrates doth account the most dangerous of all, wherein there is nothing appears neither in the Jaws nor Neck; but this kind of all most obstruce, Inflamation doth inflict most and grievous Symptoms, not without fear of present strangling, by this Fernelius saw a sick person die in the space of Eighteen Hours, being sound in his Mind and intire in his senses, this kind is called Angina latens.

The other is, that interiour La [...]ings of the Jaws and Muscles are assaulted with a manifest Phlegmon, this is cruel, equal, and above the Symptoms, but yet there there is less danger, in that which shews it self in a manifest Tumor.

The third doth occupy the interiour Jaws, together with the Neck, in which the Tumor is without and the redness conspicuous with the heat and pain; the Symptoms which are in the former is no­thing to this, and yet here is better hope of health, the Inflamation getting out­ward it may be digested.

The Fourth is the lightest of all, and is judged the safest, which doth not take the interiour Jaws only, but also the Pole and the Muscles, and yet by a Tumor of these the interiour Muscles of the Laring is prest together, and all the entrance is stopped.

The Causes of all is Chollerick or San­guine defluction which flows down into these seats, and bringeth either an Erysi­pelus or a Phlegmon.

Or Angina is wont otherwise to be di­vided when the internal Muscles of the Throat are inflamed with a great strait­ness of Respiration, but also when the external are inflamed.

Again, when the internal Muscles of the Face are taken with a Phlegmon, and doth very much hinder the swallowing, and at length the external parts of the Jaws and Chin are besieged with an In­flamation.

Nota, The Bastard is without a Fever, this is produced when there is a petuitous distillation falling into the Jaws and Muscles of the Neck, and then perchance there is a Tumor, but without redness, heat or a Fever.

Hitherto belongs that Species of an Angina, which is produced by no proper Affect, but when the Vertebraes of the Neck loosened within the Jaws and en­trance of the swallow or Throat do swel, and is made more strait, it is known by this that the Neck is hollowed within, the Sick grievously afflicted with Pain; also a fall or a stroke went before, or the Humour hath loosened the bands of the Vertibraes.

APhrensie is a perpetual or continual Delirium, taking its original from an Inflamation of the Membranes of the Brain: The Causes of a Phrensie is Chol­lerick Blood, fallen out of the Vessels transpiration; being intercepted it putri­fies in the Membranes of the Brain, ex­ternal Causes increasing the Distempers are hot Air, the rise of the Sun, Strong [Page 166] Drinks over heating and inflaming the Brain, Anger, a Contusion or a Wound.

The Signs of a Phrensie are a perpetual Delirium or pratling, and talking Idle, Watchings, a continual Fever, the Re­spiration is low and frequent, if it comes from an Inflamation of the trans­verse partition of the Brain, but great and rare in a true Phrensie; some are true, which we have here described; others are Bastard Phrensies which are called Pa­raphrenities, and that is when hot Intem­temperatures are communicated to the Brains, either from the whole Body, or in burning Fevers, or from an Inflamation from some one part, viz. of the Stomack, Liver, Lungs, and very often from the Diaphragma or Mid [...]iff, from the Inflama­tion of which there is usually stirred up a Phrensie, resembling a true Phrenitis: A Phrensie is a most accute Affect, which oftentimes kills in seven days.

THe Melancholly is a Delirium joyned with fear, sadness or sorrow without a manifest Cause, and without a Fever, and it is either a deprivation of the Ima­gination and Ratiocination, arising from from a Melanchollick Phantasm, by which he is detained in his thought by one Co­gitation without a furious anger and a Fever, with sadness and fear; the origi­nal of this Disease dependeth upon a cer­tain disposition of the Animal Spirits pro­duced from the mixtion of a Melancholly Humour, to which there follows the sad dark Phantasms, which afterwards rouling the Objects to the Intellect, do stir up this doting and anguish of Mind. They who have this evil Disease are sad and solitary, very fearful and stubborn, which from certain Phantasms to themselves, which neither are nor can be; they ima­gine many false things, they fear things not [Page 168] be feared, they sudden and disquiet the Mind without a cause, they are silent, Morose and suspicious, they have hunger above what is usual, they sigh often, the Respiration is slow and seldom, and so is also the Pulse, they speak absurdly.

Some are primarily affected from the Brain. Some by consent of the whole Body. Others again are called Hypocon­driack, and do return by Circuits or In­tervals. And lastly others are thus by a Symhathy of the Womb.

A Mania, ab insaniendo, by the Latines furor or insania, it is a Delirium with­out intermission, and without a Fever, but joyned with a certain fearce rage, it ariseth from a hot and fiery disposition of the Spirit, and perchance accompanyed with a venomous and malignant quality. Authors will have this Disposition arise from Atra-bilis. They which labour under [Page 169] this Disease are searce and unruly, unless they be stopt with Chains they tear their Cloaths, and like unto great and fearce Beasts they do violence with Teeth, Nails and Fists, neither do they spare themselves; moreover they sleep very little, they have a stupendious strength of Body, a noise or sounding in the Ears, dullness of the head, a shining splendor in the Eyes, sad­ness and long cares having preceded, anger upon a light occasion, the Eyes set and flxed upon the Objects they behold, much inclining to filthy and foolish laugh­ter, a suppression of the Months and He­morhods: These do shew the approach of this Disease. Sometimes a Mania is produced from External Causes, such as these, Witchcrafts, Nightshade, the bite of Mad-digs or Wolves, and sometimes it comes by consent of the Womb, and then it is called furor uterinus.

PAlpitatio Cordis, it is an immoderate and violent Concussion of the Heart, which being troublesome to it, it endea­vours to shake off; facultas motrix doth occasion this; some troublesome matter stirring of it up, which do stir or vex the Heart, such as vapours and flatuousness in malignant Fevers, suppressio mensium Hy­pochondriack Melancholly approaching the Heart, also putrid and sharp Humours, and too copious, and so Gravel and Worms, for such as these be many times generated in the Heart, and then it doth necessarily induce a Palpitation of the Heart, and also Tumors arising in the Prae­cordium, Blood effused from Wounds to the Heart, and also a nefect of vital Spi­rits, and preternatural heat in the Heart, as they stir up by a more vehement motion, so also a Palpitat [...]on which is a depraved motion ensues.

The External Causes are a vehement Motion, and Exercises of Body, too much heat and anger, over much cram­ing, Poisons being taken, too hot Bathings, and Passions of the Mind do oftentimes precipitate the Sick by swounding to death, viz. the Motion of the heart being interrupted.

LƲmbrici, or Worms are wont to be in all the parts of the Body, but chiefly in the Intestines, from a gross and clammy Flegm, which is corrupted and seated in [...]he common Bowel, they are stir­red up, and receive life from the abun­dance of inbred heat, by the Example of other Animals, which have their Life from a putrid Matter by the help a of Coelestial Heat, according to the various Figure of the putrifying Matter. So here are va­rious Species of Worms, some long and r [...]und, which are wont to be begotten in [Page 172] the superiour and thinner Bowels, and these be the most frequent of all, and some­times they creep up into the Stomack, and and thence by the Gula they ascend into the Mouth it self, from whence, being open, they spring forth. Others again be shorter and broad, which oftentimes do stick one unto another in a wonderful manner, and these are called Cucurbites, and sometimes this broad Worm, with the mutual adhesion of them, which for the similitude is called [...], which are as long and broad as Womens Swaiths and Fill its; so that they extend themselves as long as the thicker Intestines. And lastly others are exceeding small and thin, and are called Ascarides, which for the most part are seated in the intestina recta. Crudity and Gluttany, and the use of such things as do easily putrify, do ad­minister matter to all. Children a little grown are often afflicted with these. Signs of Worms be these, a stinking of the Mouth, and such as is urging towards a soureness; the Stools resemble Cow-dung, sometimes a Fever, which returns often in the same day with trouble and fainting, nauseousness, vomiting, and unquench­able [Page 173] thirst, the Cheeks are red by turns and pale again, an Itching of the Nose, a Gnashing of the Teeth, a dull heaviness and pain of the Head, talking idle, and Epileptical Convulsions, a dry Cough, and many times afflicted with pain in the Belly, and it puffed up and distended, awaking from sleep with fear and horror; as also a Dog-like Hunger, the Belly sometimes decreased, the Pulse is unequal; Ascarides are known by the troublesome Itch of the Fundament, and the Excre­ments oftentimes appears besprinkled with them, and after they bring most cruel Symptoms, but the Ascarides are less hurtful.

A Fever is described by some to be an inordinate Motion of the Blood, and its over much rage with heat and thirst, and with many other Symptoms where­with the Aeconomia of it is troubled; some [Page 174] are continual, and some are intermitting; the accession of a continual Fever extends to many days, unless it hath its own times of remission, and of Exarcerbation, but never of intermission; the inraged Blood induces a continual Fever in a Three fold manner.

The First is, when the subtil and spiri­tual portion of the Blood waxeth too hot, and is affected with a certain kindling heat, which therefore doth agitate the rest of the Cruor, and doth incite it into an Orgasmum. And so the kindling fury and heat is stirred up more than before in the whole Body.

But because the Spirits are in the only fault, the b [...]ning and inordinan [...]sie is wont to dep [...]t in a short time of its own accord: Hence it is that this Fever is ter­minated within a day, and it is extend­ed beyond Three days, and therefore it is called Febris Ephemera.

The second manner of waxing hot is when the Sulphurous or Oylie part of the Blood being over heated begins to be hot, for then it waxes immoderately hot in the Vessels, and oftentimes kindles in the [Page 175] Heart by its own Flame produceth a very intense heat in the whole Body; and so that kind of Fever is produced, which is vulgarly called a putrid Symochus, which is Symtomatical or Essential; that is call­ed Symtomatical which draweth its origi­nal from some other certain Disease first stirred up in the Body; and that is a Fe­ver of that sort which hath its depen­dance upon an an Angina Quinsie, Pleu­rifie, Perihneumonia, a Wound-Ulcer or Imposthume, either in any principal ot neighbouring part.

The Essential is wont to be divided into a Causus Quotidian, Terti [...]n and a Quartan, according to the divers Discrusia Sanguinis or intemperatur of the Blood, the supply and kind of nourishing Juice so sooner or later arising to a plenitude of swelling bulkiness.

But the Third Degree, and that (which doth constitute the distinct Species of a continual Fever) is stirred up from a certain malignant and venomous ferment, with which the Mass of Blood is defiled, and the Spirit and Sulphurous parts takes fire together, and their kindling heat not first alaid, which may be either the malig­nant [Page 176] matter taken, is cast out of doors, or from the corrupt venom of it, doth in­duce a Coagulation, or as it were a cer­tain putrifaction of the Blood, and by which the circulation is hindred, and the vital Spirit extinguish'd, and after this manner are made malignant Fevers, small Pox, Measl [...]s▪ and also the Pestilens.

But the [...]ot continual Fever differs from that which constitutes an intermit­ting in this, that in that the disorders of the Spirit and Sulphur, or both, and free­ly by their own accord without the mix­ture o [...] any other thing, do take Flame, and wonderfully Boyl, but it is not so in an intermitting Fever.

That most Excellent Man Francis Sylvius thinks the Cause of all continual F [...]v [...]rs to be the Bill or Water, (under which he comprehends the Pancreatical Juice) and so that [...]vil is brought with it to the Heart, [...] that exciting such a viscious Effervesc [...]ia in the right Ventricle of the Heart, an [...] thence is produced continu­ally a more frequent pulse.

Too great Exercises of Body, pertur­bation of Mind, the Ambient Air, the heart of the Sun or Summer, drinking of [Page 177] Wine, the use of prepared meats, Watch, over much Labour, a Bubo, a Wound, do all induce to the every days Fever, the plenty of Milk to Women in Child-bed, hot seasons of the Year, unaccustomed Exercise, strong habit of Body do all dis­pose to it.

The forging Causes of a putrid Fever a [...]e hot seasons, a strong and moist habit of Body, a youthful age, a high and rich Diet, the continual drinking of rich Wine, a tempestuous Spring and Sum­mer, a Cacochymial Body, Meats of evil Juice; but above all this is worth your observation, that the frequent letting of Blood renders Men more apt to a Fever, for this reason, tha [...] the larger quantity of Sulphur, which is [...]ied in the Blood, is subdued, but the Salt ought to be stop­ed from its fearsenes [...].

Those things [...] brings the lurking disposition of this Fever into act are chief­ly Transpiration, [...] Transpiratio, be­ing hindred, and much gusling; these do not only induce an exceeding fermita­tion of the Blood, but doth also administer a Nitrosulphurous Matter, apt to burning and kindling, as Food to the flaming [Page 178] Blood, but because that Massie heap of the Blood, being increased, it swells, and as i [...] were inspired with a certain ferment (de novo) it exceedingly boyls.

In this Feaver there are Four Seasons to be observed, and by which staches as it were the whole course of it is performed, and they be these, the beginning, the in­crease, the state and declination, in which some sooner, some slower, and in a longer time are wont to be dissolved, the begin­ning ought to be computed from the time, the Blood begins to wax hot, and the Sulphurous part begins to take heat, until the hotness and fury of the Blood hath over-spread the whole Mass of the Cruor; and thence it is that oftentimes the Heat and Cold doth assault, viz. by rea­son of the admixtion of the Crude Juice with the Blood.

The augmentation shall be when the kin­dling of the Feaver doth occupy the whole Mass of the Blood, Viz. The Sulphur or [...]leaginous part of the Blood being made hot, and waxing hot by parts, at length being like moist Hay laid up in a Rick after a long heating breaks out altoge­ther into a Flame, and the Mass with the [Page 179] Excrements or adust particles, which in­creases the fermentation, is aggravated, at this time the Sick complains of intollerable thirst; moreover they are afflicted with pain of the Head, continual Watchings, and oftentimes Delirium, a Frensie, and a Convulsive Motion, there's a loathing of all Aliments, or they are cast forth by Vomit, there's a bitterness of the Mouth, an ungrateful Savour, a roughness of the Tongue, a vehement swift Pulse, the Urine exceeding Red, and often­ [...]imes Muddy, and replenished with con­tents.

The State is another time of the Dis­ease, by which Nature endeavours a Cri­ses or Expulsion of the [...]dust Matter re­maining of the burning of the Blood; for after the deflagration of the Blood, and nourishing Juice, this adust Mat­ter is born in so great a quantity, it growing turgent, that it irritates Na­ture to an Expulsion, which is called a Crises; the Cause of this is rather to be fetched from thence, than from the [...]fluence of the Moon.

The Declination follows the Crises, in which in the kindling of the Blood (lan­guishing) it is not so hot, and being very powerful with the Vital Spirit, that now it subdueth the residue of this adust Matter, and by little and little casteth it out, until it be restored to the former Vi­gour, or with the same too much depressed Spirit, more infected with the adust Ex­crements, and so it passeth away foul and impoverish [...]d; so that it doth not assimi­late the Nutritive Juice; nor is it fit to circulation, nor to come to the Heart, nor to sustain the Lamp of Life.

AN intermitting Fever is not less violent and intense, during the time of the Fit there is in this a furious heat of Blood, as in a continual, yet this is not peculiar to an intermitting, it hath a certain time of intermission, and for the most part every Fit from the time of the cold or shaking, and the Fits return with certain States and Periods of time; so that it can hardly be measured, more exactly by a Clock or Dial; but this furious heat of the Blood constituting this Fever doth depend upon the assimilation of the nu­tritive Juice, the vice of the Blood it self being fettered; for whilst the nutritive Juice is not assimilated with the Blood; for although the Particles do persist in the Mass of Blood, as a Heterogeneus, and not of the same Stock or Linage; yet now it [...] Circulated with it without tumult or trouble, and saturated with it to a swelling [Page 182] up of the Mass of Cruor, and so that pre­sently boyleth, and catcheth a feverish heat, with which it is subdued or thrust out of doors, as a Hetrogeneous thing, from the society of which when the Blood is freed the intermission of the feverish heat follows at length afterward from a fresh supply of this Juice a new Fit is in­duced; for the cause of this cold and shivering in the Fit of this Fever is stirred up, seems to be the fluor and sweling, or puffing up, Viz. of the nutritive Juice de­generated into a nitrous and acetous Mat­ter, wherewith the flowing Spirits and Heat are dulled and blunted, from thence there is perceived in the whole body a sense of cold, and the nervous Bodies irri­tated are stirred up into tremblings, but afterwards with these nitrous Particles being thrust forth from every part into the Superficies of the Body; the Blood being now freed from the weight and op­pression of them, do gather it self together, and getting up again, do begin to shine forth, and so that most intense heat succedeth, which persisteth till that Fermitive Matter be well nigh burnt, brought under and subtillated, and Evapo­rateth [Page 183] by sweat, and insensible transpi­ration; but why the Fits do return often in the appointed intervals of times, such a reason as this may be given for it, be­cause an equal portion of the nutritious Juice is continually administred to the Blood by flowing into the Vessels.

Franciscus Sylvius thinks the cause of all intermitting Fevers to be the pancre­atical Juice stagnant in some part of it or more: The leading Vessels of the Pan­creas being obstructed, and by its delay in that place is made sharper; and that acid Acrimonia, and by the Flegm more or less viscid is the cause of the said ob­struction, the way being prepared, pene­trating by force, and being poured out into the thin Intestine, and their stirring up with the Choller and Flegm the fury of the intermitting Fevers, are divided into Tertian, Quartan and Quotidian, the Ter­tian repeats its Fit every Third day, and if it be Exquisite, it begins with a vehe­ment shivering, to which a sharp and a biting heat succeeds, which is turned into a sweat, and the Fit is finished within Twelve Hours.

The Causes disposing to this Fever are a Hot and Chollerick Temper, a youthful Age, a heating Diet, the more hot con­stitution of the Air, Watchings, Cares, Anger, Fasting, over much Exercise; some­times the Jaundise comes upon a Tertian, and then the Fever is discharged.

What Haley hath written is taught for a very vulgar Experiment in persons la­bouring with a Tertian, that if Ulcers and Pustles breaks out in the Lips and Nose, it presages the termination of the Fevers; for indeed it is as it were a Cri­ses; also a Flux of the Belly coming upon a Tertian the Matter Concocted there dis­solves it.

Again a Quotidian is that wherein the Fit is wont to return every day, and of­tentimes it returns in the Hours within night, and without shivering, but with Cold only, or with a light or easie shiver­ing; from hence the Heat transacted in the time of the Cold is gentle and very little burning; the Fit is protracted longer, and oftentimes it is wont to in­dure Eighteen or Twenty Hours.

Lastly, that is a Quartan returning eve­ry Fourth day, it begins with yauning [Page 185] and gaping, and a Pain of the whole Body, then there follows a Cold, after that a quivering and shivering, with which the Bones seem as if they were broke, where there is perceived a [...]in, which from Quartan is named [...] the pain of the Bones, the heat succeeding is very trou­blesome, but more remiss than in a Ter­tian, and Sweat doth oftentimes conclude the Fit: This Fever doth wont to con­tinue longest, and the which begins in Autumn, and for the most part continues the whole Winter, and departs not until the Spring, unless by accident; and so some do continue from one Year to many Years; we have known some hath been extended to Seven Years, and more; but in Summer they be shorter. Those things which dispose to this Fever are Autumn, the Sea-Coast, the end of Summer, a Melancholly Temper, and such who by an evil manner of Diet, obnoxious to a Hypochondriack affection.

But the cause of these constituted Pe­riods seem to be ascribed to the divers constitutions of the Blood, Viz. by which from a due temper it is perverted, one while into sharp, and anon into an acid or [Page 186] austere disposition; for which cause the divers intemperatures of it, the nourish­able Juice newly brought doth more or less depart from a maturation, and dege­nerates sooner or later into a matter apt to ferment.

FEbris Hectica, that is a Habitual Fever, or a Fever conversant in the Habit, it is a preternatural Hcat in the substance of the Heart, sticking and burning in the solid parts, drying and consuming, and brings the whole Body to extream lean­ness. There are Three Degrees of this Fever.

The first is, when the dewy moisture is dryed and consumed.

The second is, when the fleshy and fatty Substance, is depopulated, and pe­risheth, and in this the Extenuation of the Body is evident.

The Third is, when the Febra's and Membranous Substance is wasted, and the whole Body waxeth lean, then follows Facies Hypocratica, the gastly Countenance, and the Bones only appear covered with the Skin: This is the true wasting and Hectick, which of the Greeks is called Marasmodes, and which is incurable.

The internal Causes of the Hectick are burning and continual Fevers, Ulcers, and continual inflamations of the Liver, Stomack, Lungs, Reins and other Bow­els. Those things which refer to out­ward Causes are such things as can gene­rate other Fevers, such things as do very much either consume the humid Substance in the solid Members, or very much stirs up a continual heat, or are apt to perform both, to which the promptitute and dis­position of the subject, and the continual disposition of heating do make to the re­ceiving of this preternatural heat: Such are the heat of the Sun or fire, vehement Exercise, heating Meats and Drinks, im­moderate Excretions, as a Diarrhea, Dy­senteria, Animi Pathemata, or more vehe­ment passion of the Mind. And lastly Hunger, a more hot and dry Habit of [Page 188] Body is more apt to take this Fever. The beginning Hectick is not easily known, the other kind is difficultly Cured. The Signs of all Hecticks are common, the heat of the whole Body is equal, and of which they do not complain, nor do they understand themselves to be Feverish; it first appears weak, by reason of the few­ness of the Vapours; but if thou wilt apply thy hand longer there appears a sharpness and gnawing heat, by reason of the dryness and solidity of the subject, and greater in the Arteries than in other parts, by reason of the communion of the Heart; and this Heat increaseth one Hour or two after Meat is received, no other ways waxing hot than Calx Vive, if Wa­ter or any such thing be poured upon it, the Pulse small, frequent and swift, the Urine oleaginous with a branny sedement.

RAchites, the Rickets, a Disease unknown to the Ancients, which yet at this day no Disease is more frequent in this Kingdom; it is a cold and moist intem­perature of the whole Spinal Marrow entring the Skul, the arise of all the Nerves, and of all the Membranous and Febrous parts of the whole Body, with the defect and feebleness of the Spirits, and tone of the parts visciated; the cause and parts primarily affected, do fetch their defini­tion from this, whose Signs and Symptoms are looseness and softness of the parts pri­marily affected, debility and pining, or enervation of the parts serving to Motion, weakness and feebleness of the Joynts, the Head bigger than is meet, the Face fuller and more florid, the Musculous parts wax lean, certain Protuberations and Nodes about certain of the Joynts, mostly in the Rist, and in the Extremity of the [Page 190] Ribs, a bowing or incurvating of some of the Bones, which more frequently hap­pens to the Bones of the Cubit, Shins, Thighs and Shoulders, sharpness and strait­ness of the Breast, Bunches and Tumors of the Abdomen, Repletion and Tention of the Hypochondries, a frequent Cough, difficult Respiration, and many other evils of the Lungs, as the stuffing of them, hard Tumors, Imposthumes, Inflamations growing or sticking to the Pleura, a weak and a feeble Pulse; the common Cause of which seems to be an unequal and unpro­fitable Nutrition; the Antecedent Causes are beside the falt in the Seed of the Pa­rents defiled with the like disposition, re­dundant viscious Humours in the Body, Flegm, Choller, and chiefly Melancholly; but the Procatarctical Errors committed in the use of res non naturales: Infants are taken with this Disease till they are Two Years and a half old, and sometimes after.

A Convulsion in Greek called [...], according to the Celsus is a distention of the Nerves: Or thus, a Convulsion is a continual and involuntary contraction of the Nerves and Muscles towards their original, upon which there follows a stiff­ness, a deprivation of the Figure and Form of the Part, with a most cruel Pain, the Part affected is the Muscle, which is the proper Instrument of voluntary Motion.

The nearest Cause of this Convulsion is an Irritation of the Nervous Parts, from any thing molesting and troubling the Muscle, the Animal Faculty, performing the Motion, being drawn into consent.

The Material Causes are any Humours; (Flegm only excepted) so that they have acquired also a certain occult enemical disposition in the Nerve; as also the Va­pours and Humours in the N [...]rves, and Chollerick Disease, which can pull the [Page 192] Nervous Parts, and become a true cause of Convulsion.

A Convulsion is either of the whole Bo­dy, or it is of more or fewer parts; that which is of the whole Body doth consti­tute Three Species or Sorts; the first is called [...], when the Head, Neck, and upper parts of the Back is pulled to­gether. The second [...], is when those parts, or the lower parts of the Spine are vexed. The third is [...], that wherein the Neck and whole Body appears stiff and bowed into neither part; but these last Species of the Cramp are very rare.

Moreover there are other Species of the Convulsion, which are wont to be called Flatulent, which by the Italians is called Crampa, and vulgarly with us Cramp; this happeneth oftentimes to the Muscles of the Shoulders, Shins, Fingers, Hands and Feet; and this done with great Pain; that which is stirred up from Flatulentsy is not so dangerous; for that is easily ta­ken away by frixion only.

THe Rhumatick Affect is near of Kin to the Gout, in which not only the Joynts, (as in the Gout) but in the whole Body, viz. in the middle spaces between the Joynts, the Muscles, Membranes, and the whole Habit of the Body is tormented the Body is tormented with most cruel pains; this rises from a serous Humour, accompanyed with a great Acrimonia, and sometimes there is joyned with it a Flatus; also the Internal parts of the Body, as the Stomack, Intestines, Womb, Lungs &c. do sometimes sadly Experience the Rhu­matick Affect.