The petition and remonstrance of the Gouernor and Company of Merchants of London, trading to the East Indies exhibited to the Honorable the House of Commons assembled in Parliament. Anno 1628. East India Company. 1628 Approx. 59 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 22 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A21084 STC 7449 ESTC S100234 99836080 99836080 324

This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal. The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A21084) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 324) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English Books, 1475-1640 ; 781:05) The petition and remonstrance of the Gouernor and Company of Merchants of London, trading to the East Indies exhibited to the Honorable the House of Commons assembled in Parliament. Anno 1628. East India Company. [6], 25, 27-37, [2] p. [By John Dawson] for Nicholas Bourne, Printed at London : 1628. Printer's name from STC. Cf. Folger catalogue, which gives signatures: A-E⁴ F² . P. 26 omitted in pagination. Running title reads: The remonstrance of the East India Company. Reproduction of the original in the British Library.

Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.

EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.

EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).

The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.

Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.

Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.

Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.

The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.

Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).

Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site.

eng East Indies -- Commerce -- Early works to 1800. 2006-10 Assigned for keying and markup 2006-10 Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-08 Sampled and proofread 2007-08 Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 Batch review (QC) and XML conversion

THE PETITION AND REMONSTRANCE OF THE GOVERNOR And Company of Merchants of LONDON, Trading to the East Indies, Exhibited to the Honorable the Houſe of COMMONS aſſembled in PARLIAMENT.

Anno 1628.

blazon or coat of arms

Printed at LONDON for NICHOLAS BOVRNE. 1628.

TO THE HONORABLE THE HOVSE OF COMMONS aſſembled in PARLIAMENT. The humble Petition of the Gouernor and Company of Merchants of London Trading to the Eaſt Indies. Humbly ſhewing;

THat whereas by the ſpeciall induſtry and great Charges of divers Merchants of London and others of his Maieſties Subiects, the Trade to the Eaſt Indies was begunne now twentie eight yeares paſt, and hath beene ever ſince continued by a Company of all degrees of perſons in this Kingdome, incorporated vnder the royall Charters of the late Queene Elizabeth and King Iames of bleſſed memory: which haue beene ſince ratified and confirmed by the Kings moſt excellent Maieſty that now is, with ſuch priviledges and immunities, as are therein at large conteined; whereby many and ſundry Voyages haue beene performed into thoſe remote Countries with good ſucceſſe and great gaine, vntill of late yeares ſome evill Encounters, not onely of the Seas and enemies, but more eſpecially the vndue proceedings and actions of our profeſſed friends and Allies, haue infinitely damnified the ſaid Traffique, which otherwiſe might haue proſpered and growne much better: even as it is by time and induſtrie greatly inlarged and diſcovered for a more ample Vent and Conſumption of our Cloath, and other our natiue Commodities; Nevertheleſſe, the afore-written diſaſters, and the carring of forreigne Coines out of this Kingdome into the Indies, haue begot ſuch cauſeleſſe Complaints in the mouths of many his Maieſties Subiects of all degrees and in all places of the Realme, that the Adventurers are thereby much diſcouraged to Trade any longer vnder the evill cenſure of the multitude, deſiring nothing more then to obteine their private wealth, with the publique good,

Therefore the petitioners humbly pray this Honorable Houſe to take the annexed Articles (or any others) into your moſt graue & wiſe conſideration, that ſo if vpon the due examination of the ſame, the ſaid trade be found vnprofitable to the Common-wealth, it may be SVPPRESSED. And if otherwiſe, that then it may be SVPPORTED AND COVNTENANCED BY SOME PVBLIQVE DECLARATION for the ſatisfaction of all his Maieſties Subiects, and better encouragement of the preſent Adventurers, or any others, who thereby might be the more forward and willing to adventure their Eſtates in a buſineſſe of ſuch conſequence, when they ſhall know that it hath obteined ſuch great and honorable approbation.

Queres vpon the Trade to the Eaſt Indies. Strength WHether it doth not much increaſe the ſtrength of this Kingdome with Marriners, Warlike-Shipping, Ammunition, and all neceſſarie Arts-men thereunto belonging. Whether it doth not greatly increaſe the generall traffique of this Kingdome, not onely as it is a very ample trade of it ſelfe, betweene England and the Indies, but alſo as it is an ample Staple or Magazine of many rich Indian wares, to ſend from hence into other forreigne Countries. Wealth Whether it doth not increaſe the generall Stocke and wealth of the Kingdome. Whether it be not a meanes to ſaue the particular Subjects much money yearly in their ordinarie expences vpon all the ſorts of Indian wares. Whether it doth not much increaſe his Majeſties Cuſtomes and Impoſts in the yearely revenue. Whether it be not a good meanes to improue the price of Lands, Woolls, Tynn, Iron, Lead, and other the Natiue commodities of this Kingdome. Whether the King and the Kingdome (alſo) haue not gotten much by this Trade even in theſe late diſaſterous times, when the Ad-venturers haue loſt great matters. Safetie Whether it be not a meanes greatly to weaken the KING of SPAINE and his Subjects, and to exhauſt their Treaſure. Whether it be not a meanes to counterpoize the HOLLANDERS ſwelling greatnes by trade, and to keepe them from being abſolute Lords of the Seas, if they may driue vs out of this rich traffique, as they haue long endeavoured to performe both by pollicie and force. Treaſure Whether it be not the beſt meanes wee haue to increaſe the Treaſure or Money of this Kingdome. Honour Whether it be not an honour ſutable to the Majeſtie of ſo great a King and Kingdome.
THE HVMBLE REMONSTRANCE OF THOSE REASONS which the Gouernour and Company of Merchants of London trading to the Eaſt India doe make vpon the Queres that are annexed vnto their Petition, exhibited vnto the Honourable Houſe of COMMONS aſſembled in PARLIAMENT.

And Firſt;Whether it doth not much encreaſe the ſtrength of the Kingdom with Marriners, Warlike Shipping, Amunition and all neceſſary Arts-men there vnto belonging.Strength Whether it doth not greatly encreaſe the generall Traffique of the Kingdome, not onely as it is a very ample Trade of it ſelfe betweene England and the Indies; but alſo as it is an ample Staple or Magazine of many rich Indian wares to ſend from hence into other forraigne Countries.

THE Trade to the Eaſt Indies ſome few yeares paſt did imploy fifteene thouſand tunns of Shipping all at once, either going or comming, or Trading there from Port to Port; but ſince (vpon good experience) wee finde that ſo great a Charge is neither neceſſarie for our defence; nor comportable by the benefit of the Traffique, vntill ſome further Diſcoueries may be made in China, or elſe-where, as is hoped: Neuertheleſſe (according to the preſent times) there is and may be imployed and maintained tenn thouſand tunns of great and warlike Shipping, beſides three thouſand tunns more now here in the Kingdome repayring for the next Supply of thoſe Voyages.

THe ſaid Shipping doe imploy two thouſand and fiue hundred Marriners, wherof one third part at leaſt are ſhipped from hence Land-men, or ſuch as were not formerly vſed to the Seas, but are bred and made good Marriners by theſe Voyages, which otherwiſe at home (being without Arts or maintenance) are a heauie burthen to their friends and Country.

THis Trade as it is thus great in it ſelfe; ſo doth it yet further enlarge our Traffique and ſtrength, by furniſhing this Kingdome with all ſorts of Indian wares, not onely for our owne vſe, but more eſpecially for the neceſſary wants of forraigne Nations, which hath greatly encreaſed the number of our Warlike Shippes, to export them from hence into Turky, Italy, the Eaſt Countries, and other places: For proofe whereof wee inſtance the laſt yeare when wee brought in Pepper from the Indies to the value of two hundred and eight thouſand pounds ſterling, whereof one hundred and foureſcore thouſand pounds was within few weekes after Shipped, or ſould to be tranſported into forraigne Countries: the like is done with Indico, either in the ſame kinde it is brought in, or elſe after wee haue gotten the benefit of the manufacture in the dye of our Clothes, and ſo likewiſe of Callicoes and divers other rich Wares; in ſo much that wee may boldly affirme, that by theſe exportations as from a Staple Magazine of Indian Commodities for divers parts of Chriſtendome and Turky, wee doe imploy going and comming in thoſe Voyages at leaſt two thouſand tunns of Shipping, which doe require fiue hundred Marriners to man them.

THe Arts and handicrafts-men, which appertaine vnto the building and repayring of all the ſaid Shipping, together with the making of Ordnance, Muskets, Shott, Powder, Swords, Pikes, Cordage, Canvas, & many other neceſſary Ammunitions and proviſions thereunto belonging, made here in the Kingdome, doth not imploy leſſe then one thouſand men of diuers trades.

SO that the whole ſtrength by this Trade to the Eaſt Indies, The whole ſtrength by the Eaſt India Trade. is the continuall imployment of twelue thouſand tunns of Warlike Shipping, and foure thouſand Marriners and Arts-men more then in the times before this Trade begun, which is a great addition of power to the Kingdome.

BVt if any man obiect and ſay,Anſwere to divers Objections. that heretofore wee imployed three or foure hundred tunns of Shipping yearely into Turkey, to lade Spice and Indico, which Trade is now vtterly loſt, becauſe thoſe Commodities are now brought vs directly from the Indies; the anſwere is, that in the times when we were ſerued with the ſaid Wares from Turkey, the importation was but ſmall, becauſe the prizes then were deare; ſo that wee may well counterpoize the loſſe of that imployment of Shipping with as much or more tunnage now ſet on worke to fetch Timber, Plancke, Pipe-Staues, and Timber knees out of Ireland, and Hempe out of Eaſt land to make our Cordage for the furniſhing of ſo many great Shippes as wee now imploy to the Indies, and alſo for the bringing in of Wines, Elephants teeth, wrought Silkes, Corrall, Quicke-Siluer, and other forraigne Wares, to furniſh out thoſe Voyages.

ANd if it be further objected, that this great encreaſe of Shipping which is here declared, is not alwayes in the Kingdome vpon occaſion of ſervice, the anſwere is. That neither are the Shippes of any other Marchants heere at home, but ſome are going, ſome are comming, and euer the leaſt part are in the Kingdome; yet ſtill whereſoeuer they are, his Maieſties Subiects haue by them their imployment and maintenance, and the Kingdome aſwell as the Eaſt India Company haue had their ſervice: For how famous are their exploits to all Nations? how many rich Carracks haue they ſuncke and ſpoyled? how many aſſaults of Spaniſh Gallions haue they withſtood and foyled? What ſlaughter of their Souldiers, ſacke of their Townes, ſubverſion of their trades, and ſuch like honorable actions haue they performed? and all with little loſſe of Shippes or men. It would require a large diſcourſe, to declare the particulars: Neither doth the East India Company commonly want three thouſand Tunns of ſhipping or more heere in the Kingdome, which are either in building or repayring, together with all their Ordnance and other Warlike furniture, beſides their Store-houſes and Dockyards plentifully provided with Timber, Plancke, Cordage, Powder, Shot, and many other neceſſary Ammunitions both for themſelues, and oftentimes to helpe others with ſuch proviſions as cannot elſewhere be found for money in this Kingdome, eſpecially Gun-powder, whereof they haue a good quantitie now in ſtore, and doe make weekely about thirtie barrels at their owne powder Mills, of ſuch refined Salt Peeter, as they bring from the Indies in their ſhipping.

THere is yet one common Objection, but it is ſo weake that it ſcarſe deſerues an anſwere, which is, that this East India Trade deſtroyes our Shipping and Marriners, when cleane contrary to this wee haue alreadie ſhewed the great encreaſe of both; and if men dye in theſe long voyages, and Ships by length of time be laid vp, either here or in the Indies, yet what's all this but natures courſe; and that which happens here at home in our neereſt Trades, although with farre leſſe noiſe and notice? How many braue Commanders haue wee bred from meane degree? (whereof diuers are ſtill in our ſervice,) ſome at this preſent are found worthie the beſt places in his Maieſties Navie, many of our ordinarie men haue lately loſt their liues for their country, and others (being growne rich) doe either keepe at home or follow ſhorter voyages, but leaving theſe advantages wee doe anſwere all with this, that whatſoeuer is pretended in the decay of ſhipping or death of men, yet not withſtanding the Kingdome, by this trade hath obteyned no leſſe increaſe or cleare addition both of the one and the other, which continually ſubſiſt and are in action, then is before declared.

Whether it doth not increaſe the generall ſtocke and wealth of the Kingdome. Whether it be not a meanes to ſaue the particular Subiects much money yearely in their ordinary expences vpon all ſorts of Indian wares. Whether it doth not much increaſe his Maieſties Cuſtoms and Impoſts in the yearely revenue. Whether it be not a good meanes to improue the price of Lands, Woolls, Tynn, Iron, Lead, Wealth and other the natiue commodities of this Kingdome. Whether the King and the Kingdome (alſo) haue not gotten much by this Trade, euen in theſe late diſasterous times, when the Adventurers haue loſt great matters.

HEre wee haue fiue Queres which muſt be all proved ſeverally, the firſt is generall, wherein wee muſt conſider how the whole Kingdome may be inriched by our Commerce with Strangers, the which to performe, although it hath one and the ſame rule in all the particular places of the Trade;The places of our remoteſt traffique are moſt profitable to the Common-wealth. yet is not euery Country alike profitable to this Common-wealth, For the remoteſt traffique is alwayes moſt beneficiall to the publique Stocke, the example may be framed thus. Suppoſe wee therefore, that Pepper were conſtantly worth two ſhillings the pound here in England, if we ſhould then fetch the ſame from Holland the Merchant may pay there to the Stranger twentie pence the pound out of this Kingdomes Stocke, and gaine well by the bargaine, but if he fetch this Pepper from the Eaſt Indies, he cannot giue there aboue fiue pence the pound at the moſt to obtaine the like gaine, when all charges are conſidered; which doth ſufficiently ſhew the great advantage we haue to buy our Wares in thoſe remote Countries, not onely for that part alone which wee ſpend and conſume, but eſpecially for that great quantitie which from hence wee tranſport yearely into other Countries to be ſould at higher price then it is worth here in England; Whereby it is plaine,We may grow rich in Trade by the Stocke of other Nations. that wee make a farre greater Stocke by gaine vpon theſe Indian Commodities, then thoſe Nations doe where they grow; and to whom they properly appertaine, as being the naturall wealth of their Countries: Neither is there leſſe honor and iudgement by getting riches in this manner, vpon the Stocke of other Nations, then by an induſtrious encreaſe of our owne meanes, eſpecially when this latter is advanced by the benefit of the former,Cloth, Lead, and Tynn, vented in the Eaſt Indies. as wee haue found in the Eaſt Indies by ſale of much of our Tynn, Cloth, Lead, and other natiue Commodities, the vent whereof doth daily encreaſe in thoſe Countries, which formerly had no vſe of our Wares, but for the better vnderſtanding of that which hath beene ſaid,A diſtinction betweene the gaine of the Kingdome, and the profit of the Merchant. wee muſt not forget to diſtinguiſh betweene the gaine of the Kingdome and the profit of the Merchant. For although the Kingdome pay no more for this Pepper then is before ſuppoſed, nor for any other Commoditie bought in forraigne parts, more then the Stranger receiueth from vs for the ſame; Yet the Merchant payeth not onely that price, but alſo the fraight, enſurance, intereſt, Cuſtome, impoſt, and many other charges which are exceeding great in theſe long Voyages; but yet all theſe in the Kingdomes account are but commutations among ourſelues, and no priuation of the publique Stocke, they remaine ſtill in the Kingdome.

NOw concerning that which euery particular Subiect of the Realme ſaveth in his ordinary expence of Indian Wares, it is manifeſt that heretofore when wee brought Indico from Turkey, that ſort was ordinarily ſold here for ſix ſhillings the pound or more, which now wee fell for foure ſhillings the pound and vnder, Pepper then ordinarily at three ſhillings and three ſhillings foure pence the pound,The Hollanders ingroſing of Cloues, Maces, and Nutmegs, haue made them exceeding deare. which now is ſould by the Eaſt India Company for twentie pence the pound, with long time alſo given therewith for payment, and ſo likewiſe of divers other Wares: But for Cloues it is true; they are now worth eleaven ſhillings the pound, Maces in ſorts tenn ſhillings, Nutmeges fiue ſhillings, becauſe the Hollanders by the expulſion of our people, haue now three yeares paſt, and ſtill doe keepe vs by force from the trade of thoſe Spices: In which Wares when we enioyed the freedome in the Indies that vnto vs belongeth, Wee ſould Cloues here at fiue ſhillings ſix pence, Maces at ſix ſhillings, Nutmegs at two ſhillings ſix pence the pound: But as the Dutch haue raiſed the price of theſe Commodities, ſo would they much more inhaunce them and all other the rich Wares of thoſe Countries, if wee ſhould abandon or be baſely driven from the trade.

THe next Quere needs but little proofe, for who can truely ſay that his Majeſties Cuſtomes and Impoſt are not multiplyed, when the traffique of this Kingdome is ſo much encreaſed, onely this wee will affirme, that if the trade to the Eaſt Indies were ſo well encouraged that it might be effectually followed, it would yearely bring to his Majeſties Coffers much more then now it doth.

THe next Quere concernes the Kingdome neerely, for it is no ſmall worth to improue the price of Lands, which never hath nor can be done, but by the proſperous ſucceſſe of our forraigne trade,The ballance of our forraigne trade is the true rule of our treaſure. the ballance whereof is the onely meanes and rule of our treaſure: that is to ſay, When either by iſſuing out of the Realme yearely a greater value in Wares then wee conſume of forraigne Commodities wee growe rich, or by ſpending more of Strangers goods then wee ſell them of our owne, wee are impoueriſhed; For, the firſt of theſe Courſes doth bring in the money which wee haue, the laſt will carry it away againe when wee haue gott it. It is a true ſaying, that plentie or ſcarſitie of money makes all things deare or cheape in a Common-wealth, but it is neceſſary to diſtinguiſh the ſeeming plenties of money from that which onely is ſubſtantiall and able to performe the worke; For there are divers wayes and meanes to procure plentie of money into a Kingdome, (for a ſhort time) which doe not therefore inrich, but rather impoveriſh the ſame, by the ſeverall inconveniencies which ever accompany ſuch alterations.

FOr firſt, if we ſhould melt downe our Plate into Coyne, (which ſutes not with the Maieſtie of ſo great a Kingdome, except in caſes of great extremitie,) it would cauſe plenty of money for a time, yet ſhould we be nothing the richer, but rather this Treaſure being thus altered, is made the more apter to be carryed out of the Kingdome, if wee exceede our meanes by exceſſe in forreigne wares, or maintaine a Warre by Sea or Land, where wee doe not feede and cloath the Souldier, and ſupply the armies with our owne natiue proviſions; by which diſorders our Treaſure will ſoone be exhauſted, for it is not the Marchants exchange by bills that can prevent the laſt of theſe euills, as ſome haue ſuppoſed. Againe if wee thinke to bring in ſtore of money by ſuffering forreigne Coynes to paſſe currant heere at higher rates then their intrinſick value, compared with our ſtandard; or by debaſing, or by inhaunſing our owne monies (as ſome men haue proiected) all theſe actions bring their ſeverall inconveniences, and notable ruines, as well to the King, as to his Subiects; of which wee omit to enlarge, (becauſe it is not much pertinent to our cauſe in hand) but rather admitting that by theſe courſes, plenty of money might be brought into the Realme, yet ſhould we be nothing the richer, neither can ſuch treaſure (ſo gotten) long remaine With vs, Treaſure which cannot long remaine with vs. for, whether it be the Stranger or the Engliſh Marchant that brings in this money, it muſt ever be done vpon a valueable conſideration, either for wares carried out alreadie, or after to be exported, which helpes vs nothing except the evill occaſions of exceſse or Warre aforenamed be removed, which will exhauſt our treaſure; for otherwiſe, the money that one man bringeth in for gaine, an other man ſhall be forced to carry out for neceſsitie, becauſe there ſhall euer be a neceſſitie to ballance our account with Strangers, although it ſhould be done with great loſſe vpon the rate of the money which is exported, and perill or confiſcations alſo, if it be intercepted by the Law, for neceſsitie or gaine will ever finde ſome meanes to violate ſuch Lawes.

THe buſineſſe then is briefly thus, that as the treaſure which is brought into the Realme by the ballance of our forreigne trade,Treaſure that doth remaine with vs inrich vs, and doth improue our Lands. is that money which onely doth abide with vs, and by which we are inriched, ſo by this plentie of money thus gotten (and no otherwiſe) doe our lands improue, for when the Marchant hath a good diſpatch beyond the Seas, for his Cloath, and other our natiue wares, he doth preſently returne to buy vp the greater quantitie which raiſeth the price of Woolls, and other commodities, which doth improue the Land-lords rents, as the Leaſes expire dayly; and alſo by this meanes money being gayned and brought more aboundantly into this Kingdome, it doth inable many men to buy Lands which muſt make them the dearer: but if our forreigne Trade come to a ſtop or declination by neglect at home or iniuries abroad, whereby the Marchants are impoveriſhed, and ſo the Wares of the Realme leſſe iſſued, then doe all the ſayd benefits ceaſe, and our Lands fall of price dayly: wherevpon we conclude, that as the floriſhing eſtate of our generall Trade is the onely meanes to make our Lands improue, ſo the particular Trade to the Eaſt Indies, is a Principall inſtrument therein, becauſe (as we haue already proved,) it hath ſo much increaſed the traffique of this Kingdome.

THe next Quere ſeemes to be a myſterie, which many of our Adventurers doe not well vnderſtand, for (ſay they) how can the Kingdome gaine by this Trade, when wee who are the members thereof, haue loſt ſo grievouſly? they doe not well diſcerne that their private loſſe may be farre leſſe in proportion, then the publique benefit, as we ſhall inſtance ſome examples to make the buſines plaine.

IN the courſe of forreigne Trade,Three degrees of gaine in forraigne Trade. there be three ſorts or degrees of gaine, the firſt is, that of the Common Wealth, which may be done when the Marchant (who is principall agent therein) ſhall looſe. The ſecond is the gaine of the Marchant, which he doth ſometimes iuſtly and worthily effect, although the Common Wealth be a looſer. The third is the gaine of the King, whereof he is euer certaine even when the Common Wealth and the Marchant ſhall be both looſers.

COncerning the firſt of theſe, wee haue alreadie ſufficiently ſhewed the waies and meanes whereby the Common Wealth may be inriched in the courſe of Trade, by the ballance of the ſame, when exceſſes are avoyded: therefore it is needeleſſe here to make any further repetition; onely wee doe in this place affirme that ſuch happineſſe may be in the Common Wealth, when the Marchant for his particular ſhall haue no occaſion to reioyce. As for example; ſuppoſe the Eaſt India Company ſhould ſend out one hundred thouſand pounds in Wa es or Money into the Eaſt Indies, and receiue home for the ſame, the full value of three hundred thouſand pounds, hereby it is evident that this part of the Publique Stocke is trebled, and yet we may boldly ſay, that which we can well proue, that our ſayd Company of Marchants ſhall be looſers by ſuch an adventure, if the returnes be made in Spice, Indico, Callicoes, Beniamin, refined Salt Peeter, Cotton-yarne, and ſuch other bulkey wares in their ſeverall proportions, according to their vent and vſe in theſe parts of Europe: for the fraight of ſhipping, the inſurance of the Adventure, the charges of Factors abroad, and Officers at home, the forbearance of the Stocke, his Maieſties cuſtome and impoſts, with other pettie charges incident, will bee aboue two hundred thouſand pounds, which being added to the principall produceth loſſe,The King and Kingdome may get by Trade euen vvhen the Marchant looſeth. and thus wee ſee that not onely the Kingdome, but alſo the KING may get very much, even when the Marchant notwithſtanding ſhall looſe in his proportion, which giveth good occaſion here to conſider how much more the Realme is inriched by this Trade, when all things paſſe ſo happily that the Marchant is a gayner alſo together with the KING and Kingdome.

BVt for the better explayning of that which hath beene alreadie alledged, wee muſt vnderſtand that if the ſaid hundred thouſand pounds ſhould be trebled by the returne of ſo much Silkes and other fine Wares out of the Indies, then the Marchant likewiſe ſhould receiue good gaine by ſuch an adventure; and the reaſon is, becauſe this great wealth would require but fiue hundred tunn of Shipping to lade and bring home the ſame, which is but a very ſmall charge in reſpect of foure thouſand and fiue hundred tunnes of Shipping, which would be required to lade home the like value in the bulky Commodities of Spice and the like, which are afore-written.

THe ſecond ſort of gaine in the courſe of trade is, when the Marchant by his laudable endeavours may both bring in and carry out Wares to his advantage, by buying them and ſelling them to good profit, which is the end of his labours: Yet nevertheleſſe, the Common-wealth ſhall decline and growe poore by a diſorder in the people, when through pride and other exceſſes they doe conſume more forraigne Ware in value, then the Wealth of the Kingdome can ſatisfie and pay by the exportation of our owne Commodities, which is the very qualitie of an vnthrift, who ſpends beyond his meanes.

THe third ſort of gaine is the Kings, who is ever ſure to get by Trade, when both the Common-Wealth and the Merchant ſhall looſe ſeverally, as afore-written; or ioyntly, as it may and doth ſometimes happen when the Merchants ſucceſſe is bad, and when our Commodities are over-ballanced by forraigne Wares conſumed: but if ſuch diſorders be not prevented, his Majeſtie in the end ſhall be the greateſt looſer, when his Subiects be impoveriſhed.

Whether it be not a meanes greatly to weaken the King of Spaine and his Subiects, and to exhauſt their treaſure. Whether it be not a meanes to counterpoiz the Hollanders ſwelling greatnes by trade,Safetie and to keepe them from being abſolute Lords of the Seas, if they may driue vs out of this rich Traffique, as they haue long endevoured to performe both by policie and force.

THe ſafetie of the Kingdome conſiſts not onely in i'ts owne ſtrength and wealth, but alſo in the laudable and lawfull performance of thoſe things which will weaken and impoveriſh ſuch powerfull Princes, as either may or are become our Enemies; amongſt which wee will now ranke the Spaniard in the firſt place, for his ambition hath no bounds, and being enabled by the power of his Indian Treaſure, not onely to keepe in ſubiection many goodly States and Provinces in Italy, the Low Countries, and elſewhere, (which otherwiſe would ſoone fall from his obeyſance) but alſo by a continuall Warre taking his advantages, doth ſtill enlarge his Dominions, ayming at nothing more then Monarchy by this plentie of his money, which are the very ſynnewes of his ſtrength, that lye ſo farre diſperſed into ſo many Countries, yet hereby vnited, and his wants ſupplyed both for warre and peace in a plentifull manner from all the parts of Chriſtendome, which are therefore partakers of his treaſure by a neceſsitie of Commerce, Spaniſh treaſure is exhauſted by a neceſſity of commerce. Wherein the Spaniſh policie hath ever indevoured to prevent all other Nations the moſt it could; For, finding Spaine to be too poore and barren to ſupply it ſelfe and the Weſt Indies, with thoſe varieties of forraigne Wares, whereof they ſtand in neede, they knew well that when their natiue Commodities come ſhort to this purpoſe, then their monies muſt ſerue to make vp the reckoning; whereupon they found incredible aduantage by adding the traffique of the Eaſt Indies to the treaſure of the Weſt: Spaniſh policie and proffit in the Eaſt India trade. For the laſt of theſe being imployed in the firſt, they ſtored themſelues infinitely with rich wares, to barter with all the parts of Chriſtendome for their commodities, and ſo furniſhing their own neceſſities, preuented others for carrying away theirmonies, which in poynt of State they hold leſſe dangerous to impart to the remote Indians then to their neighbour Princes, leaſt it ſhould too much inable them to reſiſt (if not offend) their Enemies: And this Spaniſh policie againſt others is the more remarkeable being done likewiſe ſo much to their owne aduantage; For, euery Ryall of Eight which they ſent to the Eaſt Indies brought home ſo much wares, as ſaued them the disburſing of ſixe Royalls of Eight here in Europe (at the leaſt) to their neighbours; eſpecially in thoſe times when that trade was onely in their hands: but now this great proffit is fayled, and the miſchiefe remoued by the Engliſh and Dutch, who partake in thoſe Eaſt India trades as amply as the Spaniſh Subiects.

IT is further to be conſidered that beſides the diſability of the Spanyard, by their natiue commodities to prouide forraigne wares for their neceſſities (whereby they are forced to ſupply their wants with mony) they haue likewiſe that Canker of warre which doth infinitly exhauſt their Treaſure and diſperſe it into Chriſtendome euen to their Enemies,Spaniſh Treaſure is exhauſted by warre. part by repriſall, but eſpecially thorough a neceſſary maintenance of thoſe Armies which are compoſed of many Strangers, and lye ſo farre remote that they cannot feede, cloath, or other wiſe prouide them out of their owne natiue meanes and prouiſions, but muſt receiue this reliefe from other Nations:The effects of different warrs concerning Treaſure. which kind of warre is farre different to that which a Prince maketh vpon his owne confines, or in his Nauies by Sea, where the Souldier receyuing monies for his wages muſt euery day deliuer it out againe for his neceſſities, wherby the Treaſure rēaines ſtill in the Kingdom, although it be exhauſted from the Kinge but we ſee that the Spanyard (truſting in the power of his treaſure) vndertakes Warres in Germanie and other remote places which would ſoone begger the richeſt Kingdome in Chriſtendome of all their mony, the want whereof would preſently diſorder and bring the Armies to confuſion, as it falleth out ſometimes with Spayne it ſelfe (who hath the fountayne of money) when either it is ſtopt in the paſſage by the force of their Enemies, or drawne out faſter then it flowes by their own occaſions; whereby alſo wee often ſee that Gold and Siluer is ſo ſcarſe in Spayne, that they are forced to vſe baſe copper money, to the great confuſion of their trade in want of ſupplies, and not without the vndoing alſo of many of their owne people.

BVt now that wee haue ſeene the occaſions by which the Spaniſh treaſure is diſperſed into ſo many places of the world;The Spaniſh treaſure which is exhauſted either by commerce or warre, doth all come in the end into the generall commerce of diuers Nations. it is needefull likewiſe to diſcouer, how and in what proportion each Country doth partake of theſe monies: For wee finde that Turkey, and diuers other Nations haue great plenty thereof, although they driue no Trade with Spayne, which ſeems to tontradict the former reaſon, where we ſay that this treaſure is obtayned by a neceſsitie of commerce; but to cleare this poynt we muſt know, that all Nations (who haue no mines of their owne) are inriched with Gold and Siluer by one and the ſame meanes, which is already ſhewed to be the ballance of their forraigne trades, & this is not ſtrictly tyed to be done in thoſe Countries where the fountayne of treaſure is, but rather with ſuch order & obſeruations in the trade and againſt exceſſe as are preſcribed: for ſuppoſe England by commerce with Spayne may get and bring home Fiue Hundred thouſand Ryalls of Eight yearely, yet if wee looſe as much by our Trade in Turkey, and therefore carry the money thither, it is not then the Engliſh but the Turkes who haue got this treaſure; although they haue no trade with Spayne, from whence it was firſt brought. Againe if England hauing thus loſt with Turkey, doe notwithſtanding gaine twiſe aſmuch by France, Italy, and other members of her generall trade, then will there remaine Fiue Hundred thouſand Ryalls of Eight cleare gaynes by the ballance of the ſame; and this compariſon holds betweene all other Nations, both for the manner of getting, and the proportion that is yearely gotten. But if yet a queſtion ſhould be made whether all Nations get Treaſure, and Spayne onely looſe it: wee anſwer no; for ſome Countries by warre or by exceſſe doe looſe that which they had gotten, aſwell as Spayne by Warre and want of Wares doth looſe that which was its owne.

ANd ſo much ſhall ſuffice to ſhew, that to pertake in the trade of the East Indis, doth not onely weaken the Spanyards Nauigation & ſtrengthen our owne; but alſo to impeach him in this rich Trade, doth mightily exhauſt his Treaſure and increaſe our monies.

HAuing done with a powerfull Enemie the Spaniard, we muſt now ſay ſomething of our profeſſed friends, the Hollanders, who of late yeares are become a flouriſhing People,The Hollande s greatneſſe by Trade. Wealthy and ſtrong, both by Sea and Land, by nothing elſe but Trade; and yet we know that they haue little in their owne Countrie wherewithall to Trade; but wee muſt not therefore imagine, that ſo great a building is either rayſed or can ſtand without a ſtrong foundation, which theſe induſtrious men wanting meanes in their owne Land, doe find out rich Mines in his Maieſties Seas; Golden Mines wee may terme them, for ſo the Lords States themſelues doe call them,The Hollanders beſt foundation is the Engliſh Fiſhing. and thus alſo in their publicke Proclamations, which they haue ſet forth in all occaſions for the better preſeruation of this Fiſhing, a treaſure it is (indeed) ineſtimable, and an imployment moſt profitable: From hence originally proceeds the increaſe & maintenance of their People, their flouriſhing Arts, their priuate wealth, their publicke Treaſure, the multitude of their Ships which fetch materials, to build ſhips, the ſwarmes of their ſmall Veſſels which catch Fiſh, to lade their great Ships which Trade with Fiſh; the proceed whereof doth furniſh them with all their wants of forraigne Wares, and makes them alſo rich in Treaſure; with which Treaſure they doe alſo enlarge their Trade into all the quarters of the world, whereby they are become the Magazines for England, France, Spaine, Turkey, and other places, for Corne, Cordage, Engliſh Ordnance, Pouder, Shot, Ships, Wines, Fruites, Canuas, and many others, beſides the rich Wares from the Eaſt and Weſt Indies, ſeruing each Countrie according to their ſeuerall wants and occaſions: In which courſe of Trade, they are not leſſe iniurious to ſupplant others (eſpecially the Engliſh) then they are carefull to ſtrengthen themſelues with more then ordinarie diligence; for they know well, that, Trade hath rayſed their Fortunes, and doth feede their Hopes; We deſire not here to aggrauate their Actions againſt vs in the Eaſt Indies, for they are already too well knowne to all the World, but wee rather with patience expect the meanes of our ſatisfaction and future ſafetie; wherein we doubt not of his Maieſties moſt gracious fauours and reſolutions ſo well begun, and in ſo good away to ſettle & ſupport a Trade of ſuch great conſequence; the which if the Hollanders might ſoly enioy (as they endeauour) they would (by the power thereof) ſoone make themſelues Maſters (alſo) of our other beſt Trades into the Streights, If our Trade to the Eaſt Indies ſhould fall, our other beſt Trades will fal with it. and be the onely Marchants euen of our Cloth and other natiue Commodities into thoſe Countries, as they are already poſſeſſed of the Exportation of (almoſt) all our Herrings and Newland Fiſh, to the maintenance of their Shipping and decay of ours, which is the more conſiderable becauſe it may be wiſhed, that Victuals and Amunition, ſhould either not be Exported, or elſe bee onely Lycenſed to the naturall Subiects, but the Hollanders are diligent obſeruers of ſuch occaſions as may giue them aduantage; they know well how to worke their owne ends in all places where they come, & as they haue infinitly preuailed in the augmentation of their Trade by the declination of other Nations, ſo they ayme at nothing more now then to weaken the Engliſh in their Trafficke, for wee onely are their Corriuals, able to keepe them from the abſolute Dominion of the Seas, wherein we may hope euer to preuaile if we looſe not the power we poſſeſſe, and the rich Trades which we haue ſo well diſcouered.

Whether it be not the beſt meanes we haue to increaſe the Treaſure or Money of this Kingdome.Treaſure

THis poſition is ſo contrarie to the common opinion, that it will require ſtrong Arguments, to maintaine and prooue it, before it will bee accepted, eſpecially of the multitude, who bitterly exclaime when they ſee any Monies carried out of the Realme; affirming thereupon that wee haue abſolutely loſt ſo much Treaſure, being an Act againſt the long continued Lawes of this Kingdome, and that many other places, nay, Spaine it ſelfe (which is the fountaine of Money) forbids the Exportation thereof, ſome caſes onely excepted. To all which we might anſwere, that Venice, Florence, Gaenoa, Sauoy, Marcellis, Turkey, the Low-Countries, and diuers other places permits it, their people applaudes it, and find great benefit by it; but all this makes a noyſe and prooues nothing: Wee muſt therefore come to thoſe reaſons which concerne the buſineſſe in queſtion.

FIrſt, therefore we will take that for graunted which none will denie vs, that we haue no other meanes to get Treaſure but by Forraigne Trade, We haue no treaſure but by trade. for Mines wee haue none which doe affoord it, and how this Money is gotten in the mannaging of our ſaid Trade, we haue already ſhewed, that it is done by making our Commodities which are Exported, to ouer ballance in Value the forraigne wares which we conſume; ſo that it reſteth onely to ſhew how our monies may bee added to our Commodities, and being ioyntly exported may ſo much the more increaſe our Treaſure.

ANd here we will ſuppoſe, that our yearely conſumption of forraigne wares is to the valew of twenty hundred thouſand poundes, and our exportations to exceed that two hundred thouſand poundes,A neere eſtimation of our yearely exportations and importations as they haue bin found by good inquirie. which ſum wee may thereupon affirme is brought to vs in Treaſure to ballance the accompt; but now if wee add three hundred thouſand pounds more in ready money vnto our former exportation in Wares, what profit can wee haue (will ſome men ſay) although by this meanes we ſhould bring in ſo much ready money more then we did before, ſeeing that wee haue carryed out the like valew.

TO this the anſwer is, that when we haue prepared our exportations of wares, and ſent out aſmuch of euery thing as wee can ſpare or vent abroad; it is not therefore ſaid, that then we ſhould add our money thereunto to fetch in the more money immediately, but rather firſt to inlarge our trade therewith, by inabling vs to bring in more forraigne wares, which being ſent out againe into the places of their conſume, they will in due time much increaſe our Treaſure: For, although in this manner wee doe yearely multiply our importations to the maintenance of more ſhipping and Marriners, improuement of his Maieſties Cuſtomes and other benefits; yet our conſumption of thoſe forraigne wares is no more thē it was before; ſo that all the ſayd increaſe of commodities brought in by the meanes of our ready mony ſent out as is afore written, doth in the the end become an exportation vnto vs of a farre greater value then our ſayd monies were, which is proued by three ſeuerall examples following.

FIrſt, we wil ſuppoſe that one hundred thouſand pounds ſterling, being ſent in our ſhipping into the Eaſt Cuntries, wil buy there one hundred thouſand quarters of wheate cleare of all charges aboard the ſhipps, which being after brought into England and houſed, to export the ſame at the beſt time for vent thereof in Spayne or Italy, it cannot yeeld leſſe in thoſe parts then Two Hundred Thouſand Pounds to make the Marchant but a ſauer, yet by this reckoning wee ſee the Kingdome hath doubled that Treaſure.

AGaine this proffit will bee farre greater when wee trade thus with our money in remote Countries, The trade to the Eaſt Indies (in its proportion) is the beſt trade and meanes wee haue to increaſe our Treaſure. as for example, if wee ſend one hundred thouſand pounds into the East Indies to buy pepper there and bring it hither, and from hence ſend it for Italy or Turkey, it muſt yeeld fiue hundred thouſand pounds at leaſt in thoſe places, in regard of the exceſſiue charge which the Marchant disbourſeth in thoſe long voyages in ſhipping, wages, victualls, inſurance, intereſt, cuſtomes, impoſts, and the like: all which charges notwithſtanding the King and the Kingdome gets. And wee may heere obſerue, that as the publike proffit by forraigne trade is the onely meanes whereby we gaine our Treaſure: So this trade to the East Indies (in its proportion) doth farre excell all others.

THe third example is, where the voyages are ſhort and the wares rich, which therfore will not imploy much ſhipping, the profit to the Kingdome wilbe farre leſſe; as when an other hundred thouſand pounds ſhall be imployed in Turkey in raw ſilkes and brought hither to be after tranſported from hence into Fraunce the Low Countries or Germanie, the Marchant ſhall haue good gaine although he ſell it there for one Hundred and Fifty Thouſand Pounds: and thus take the voyages all together in their medium the ready monies exported will bee retourned vnto vs neere trebled. But if any man wil yet obiect that theſe returnes come to vs in wares, and not really in moneys as they were iſſued out.

THe anſwer is, (keeping our firſt ground) that if our conſumption of forraigne wares, bee no more yearely then is already ſuppoſed, and that our exportations bee ſo mightily encreaſed by this maner of Trading with ready money as is before declared: it is not then poſſible (in the courſe of trade) but that all the ouer ballance or difference ſhould returne either in monie or in ſuch wares as wee muſt Export againe; which as is already plainely ſhewed will bee ſtill a greater meanes to increaſe our Treaſure: For it is in the ſtocke of a Kingdōe, as in the eſtates of priuate men, who hauing ſtore of wares, doe not therefore ſay that they will not venture out, or trade with their money; (for this were ridiculous) but doe alſo turne that into wares, whereby they multiply their money; and ſo by a continuall & orderly change of one into the other grow rich, & when they pleaſe, turne al their eſtates into Treaſure, for they that haue wares cannot want money, and therefore the former obiection is not conſiderable: for what begot the monies which wee ſent out, but our wares.

NEither is it ſaid that Money is the life of Trade, as if it could not ſubſiſt or paſſe current without the ſame; for wee know that there was great Trading by way of Commutation or Barter, when there was little Money ſtirring in the world. The Italians and ſome other Nations haue ſuch remedies againſt this want, that it can neither decay nor hinder their Trade, for they transferre Bils of Debt, and haue other wayes whereby they aſſigne their Credits from one to an other daily for very great ſummes with eaſe and ſatisfaction by Writing onely,Money inlargeth trade, and trade increaſeth money. whilſt in the meane time, the Maſſe of Treaſure which gaue foundation, to thoſe Credits is imployed in Forraigne Trade as a merchandize, which doth much increaſe their Trafficke. It is not therefore the keeping of our Money in the Kingdome, which makes a quicke and ample Trade, but the neceſſitie and vſe of our Wares in forraigne Countries, and our want of their commodities which cauſeth the Vent and Conſumption on all ſides.

VVE muſt not here forget the practiſe of the great Duke of Tuscany in his Port of Leghorne, which of late yeeres from a poore Towne is become a faire Citie, and one of the moſt famous places for Trade in Chryſtendome, by the reſort of many Nations, but moſt eſpecially by the Engliſh and Dutch with Merchandiſe, to a very great valew yearely, and yet it is worthy obſeruation that the multitude of Ships and Wares which come thither, haue little or no meanes to make their returnes from thence, but onely in readie Money, which they may, and doe carrie away freely at all times and without Cuſtome, and ſuch charges to the incredible aduantage, of the ſaid Duke of Tuſcanie and his Subiects, who are much inriched by the continuall great concourſe of Merchants, from all the States of the neighbour Princes, bringing them plentie of Monye daily to ſupplie their wants of the ſaid wares. And thus we ſee that the Current of Merchandiſe which carries away their Treaſure, becomes a flowing ſtreame to fill them againe In a greater meaſure with Money.

THe example of this growing greatneſſe, hath lately mooued the Duke of Sauoy, publickely to declare his Princely reſolution to all Nations, offering them many Priuiledges and immunities, that ſhall come to Trade in his free Port of Vila Franca, and eſpecially a libertie to carrie away ready Monyes for all the Wares they bring, or other occaſions: and yet wee know that neither in Tuſcanie or Sauoy, are any Mines or Monies more then they haue and doe dayly get by trade; but they know likewiſe that if wee yearely bring them wares (although for a very great value) the money will immediately follow; For, let no man doubt but that monie muſt euer attend on Marchandize, for they goe together: And it is worthy the noting that thoſe Princes are content to part with their treaſure only to inioy the trade of the wares which are brought them, for which (to encourage the Marchant) they take no Cuſtome; whereas wee by ſending out our money doe gayne the imployment of our ſhipping, the trade of the wares, and the proffit of the Cuſtomes which is a treble benefit.

THere is yet an obiection or two as weake as all the reſt: The firſt is, that if we trade with our money, wee ſhall iſſue out the leſſe wares; as if a man ſhould ſay, thoſe Countries which heretofore had occaſion to conſume our Cloath, Lead, Tynn, Iron, Fiſh, & the like ſhall now make vſe of our monies in the place of thoſe neceſſaries, which to affirme were moſt abſurde, or that the Marchant had not rather carry out wares (by which there is euer ſome gaines expected) then to export money, which is ſtill but the ſame without any encreaſe.

BVt on the contrary there are many Countries which may yeeld vs very large and profitable traffique for our money, that otherwiſe afford vs no trade at all becauſe they haue no vſe of our wares, as namely the Eaſt Indies for one, in the firſt beginning therof although ſince by induſtry in our Cōmerce with thoſe Nations we haue brought them into the vſe of much of our Cloth, Leade, Tynn, and other things, which is a good addition to the former vent of our commodities.

AGaine, ſome men haue alleadged that thoſe Countries which permit money to be carried out, doe it, becauſe they haue few or no wares to trade withall: but we haue great ſtore of Commodities, and therefore their action ought not to be our example.

TO this the anſwer is briefly; That if wee haue ſuch a quantitie of wares, as doth fully prouide vs of all things needfull from beyond the Seas, why ſhould wee then doubt that our monies ſent out in trade muſt not neceſſarily come backe againe in Treaſure. together with the great gaines which it may procure in ſuch manner as is before ſet down? And on the other ſide if thoſe Nations which ſend out their monies, do it becauſe they haue few wares of their owne; how come they then to haue ſo much Treaſure as wee euer ſee in thoſe places, which ſuffer it freely to be exported at all times and by whom ſo euer. We anſwer euen by trading with their monies: For by what other meanes can they get it, hauing no mines of Gold or Siluer?

THus may wee plainely ſee, that when this waighty buſineſſe is duely conſidered in its end (as all our humaine actions ought well to be weighed) it is found much contrarie to that which moſt men eſteeme thereof,Our humane actions ought eſpecially to be conſidered in their ends. becauſe they ſearch no further then the beginning of this worke, which miſinformes their iudgements and leades them into errour: For if wee only behold the actions of the Husbandman in the ſeede time, when he caſteth away much good corne into the ground, we wil rather account him a madd man then a Husbandman: but when we conſider his labours in the Harueſt, which is the end of his indeauours; Wee finde the worth and plentifull increaſe of his actions.

Whether it be not an honour ſutable to the Maieſtie of ſo great a King and Kingdome.Honour.

WE haue endeauoured vpon all the former Queres to be as briefe as conueniently wee might without obſcurity, and now vpon this laſt poynt there will bee no occaſion at all to inlarge; for when it ſhall be found that the trade to the Eaſt Indies is ſo good a meanes to increaſe our ſtrength, wealth, ſafety, and treaſure, and that thoſe diſcoueries haue ſpread his Maieſties fame into Perſia, Iapon, China, the Dominions of the great Mogull, and many other remote Nations of the Eaſterne world, there will be no deniall, but that theſe great bleſſings are ſo precious & honorable both to the King and his Kingdomes, that they ought to bee preſerued with our beſt endeauours againſt the ſtrongeſt oppoſition.

And for concluſion the Eaſt India Companie doe humbly declare vnto this Honorable Houſe, that they haue not made their Petition and this Remonſtrance for their owne priuate ends, but for the publique good; And euen ſo hauing performed their duties, they hope it ſhall be their ſufficient diſcharge in all future times concerning the Suppreſsing or Supporting of the ſaid Trade.

FINIS.