Rudimenta grammatices et docendi methodus non tam scholæ Gypsuichianæ per reuerendissimum. D. Thoma[m] cardinale[m] Ebor. feliciter institutæ q[uam] o[mn]ibus aliis totius Anglie scholis prescripta. — Aeditio

Author: Colet, John, 1467?-1519.1529

❧ RVDIMENTA GRAMMATICES ET DOCENdi methodus, non tam scholae Gypsuichianae per reuerendissimum. D. Thomā Cardinalē Ebor̄. feliciter institutae, (quam) oī bus aliis totius Angliae scholis prescripta

DOMINVS MIHI ADIUTOR.

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¶ AD LECTOREM.

DIcitur Augustus celebres fouisse poeta [...],

Et semper doctos excoluisse viro [...].

Hūc sibi magnificū Maro sensit, & hūc quo [...] Flaccu▪

Sensit praesidium non mediocre suum

Aetas illa quidem tanto sub principe felix,

Sed tamen haec felix est (que) beata magis,

Nam (que) sub Henrico clarissima principe virtu [...],

Ingenium, mores, eloquium (que) viget.

Carminibus vates, Rhetor sermone diserto.

Et studio floret diua Minerua sacro.

Quo (que) foret tenere pubis spes ampla Britanni [...]

Discere quae possit verba latina loqui,

Aspice grammaticas normas, methodum (que) docendi

Praescriptum a Thoma praeside cardineo.
O felix princeps tam clari fautor alumni,
Haec coluit studiis qui tua regna suis.

¶Thomas Cardinalis Eboae. &c. Gypsuichiane scholae praeceptoribus. S.D.

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NEMINEM latere putamꝰ, quā to animi conatu, studio, industria, huc semper labores nostros destina uerimus, nō vt nostris priuatim cō modis, sed vti patriae, ciuil [...]s (que) nostris omnibꝰ quāplurimū cōsuleremus. Qua vna in re, amplissimū pietatis fructum nos assecuturos esse arbitrabamur, si diuino aliquo munere populariū ur̄orum aīos exornaremus. Proinde maximo, incredibili (que) pietatis ardore erga patriā affecti, quae nos veluti iure quodam sibi vendicat, ludū literariū nō omnino inelegantē velut amoris summi erga eandē nostri clarissimū testimoniū dedicauimus. Verū quoniā parū visum est, ludū quantū uis magnificū extruxisse: nisi etiā accesserit praeceptorū peritia, modis omnibus dedimꝰ operā, vt vos duos praeceptores electos, probatos (que) huic prefecerimus, sub quibus Britannica pubes, statim a primis annis, & mores, & literas imbiberet, nimirū intelligentes in hac etate, velut herba, spem reipublicae positā esse. Id quod vt foelicius, maturius (que) cōsequeretur, libellos puerilis institutionis, methodū (que), ac rationē docendi▪ apprime huius pubi necessariam, omni nostra cura studio diligētia vt haberetis, curauimus. Vestrae partes erūt tūc vicissim qui huic nouae scholae nostrae praeceptores estis, his rudimentis, ac docendi ratione diligenter exercere hos pueros, deinceps cum elegantissima literatura, tum optimis moribus ad maiora profecturos. Ad quod si pari cura enitemini, at (que) nos ad oculū vobis cōmonstraturi sumꝰ, nos non tam vobis vestro studio, impense fauētes jam demerebimini, quā plane apud posteros, felices reddideritis. Bene valete. Ex aedibus nostris. Anno domini. M. D. XX VIII. calen. Augusti.

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¶Quo ordiue pueri in nostrū gymnasium admissi docendi sint, qui (que) authores eiisdem prelegendi.

PRIMAE CLASSIS METHODVS ⸫

PRincipio scholam hanc nostram in classes octo partiendā esse non incongruepla cuit, quarum prima pueros rudiores in octo orationis partibus diligenter exercendos cōtineat, quorum os tenerum formare praecipua cura vobis sit, vtpote qui & apertissima, & elegantissima vocis pronunciatione, tradita elementa proferant, siquidem rudem materiam licet ad quiduis effingere, & Horatio monente. Quo semel est imbuta recens seruab [...]t odorem testa diu. Quāobrē hāc aetatē iusta vestra cura defrandare minime par est.

SECVNDAE CLASSIS.

¶Deinde post (quam) aetas haec satis foeliciter illis primis rudimentis adulta profecerit, eam in secundum ordinem vocari velimus ad vsum loquendi latine, & ad verten dū in latinū aliquod propositū vulgare non insulsum, ne (que) ineptū, sed quod argutam aliquam, aut venustam habeat sententiam, quae ab ingenio puerilinō nimium abhorreat, quod simulac versum fuerit, quā mox charecteribus Romanis mandari oportebit, dabitis (que) operam quotidie, vt libellos quam emendatissimos, quā (que) elegantissime sua quis (que) manu scriptos habeat vniuersus grex. ¶Si authorem aliquem praeter rudimenta, adhibendum tenellae pubi censueritis, id erit vel Lilii carmen monitorium, vel praecepta Catonis nimirū formandi oris gratia.

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TERTIAE CLASSIS.

¶Ex authoribus, qui ad quotidianum sermonem purum, tersum elimatum, magnopere conducunt, quis facetior (quam) Aesopus? aut (quam) Therentius vtilior? vter (que) vel ipso argumenti genere adolescentiae non iniucundus. Rursus huic ordini de nominum generibus libellum, quem Lilius conscripserat, si adiunxeritis, non improbauerimus.

QVARTAE CLASSIS.

¶Praeterea cum Quartae Classis militiam exercebitis, quem ducem malitis (quam) ipsum Virgilium omnium poetarum principem vobis dari? cuius maiestatem carminis voce bene sonora offerendam esse operepraetium fuerit.

Verborum preterita & supina huic ordini conuenientia commodabit Lilius, verum vt huiusmodi fateor necessaria, ita velimus tn̄ tradi, quoad fieri possit, vt potiorem dici partem non occupent.

QVINTAE CLASSIS.

Nunc demum video vos cupere, quam docendi rationem hic precipiamus. Agite mos geratur vobis. In primis hoc vnum admonendum censuerimus vt ne (que) plagis seuerioribus, ne (que) vultuosis minis, aut vlla tyrā nidis specie tenera pubesofficiatur, hac enim iniuria ingenii alacritas, aut extingui, aut magna ex parte catundi solet. Huic ordini, quod doceatur, precipuū erit, vt aliquod selectas Ciceronis epistolas praelegatis quibus sane nullae aliae videntur nobis ad diuit [...]m sermonis copiam parandam, ne (que) faciliores, ne (que) vberiores.

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SEXTAE CLASSIS.

¶Porro sextus ordo historiam aliquam, velut Salustii, aut commentariorū Caesaris postulare videtur: quibus Sintaxin Lilii non incongrue addiderimus, verba defectiua, anomola, & quecun (que) heteroclyta obiter legentes admonebitis.

SEPTIMAE CLASSIS.

¶Septimi ordinis grex aut Horatii epistolas, aut Ouidii Methamorphosin, aut Faustorū libros assidue voluat interim vel carmen, vel epistolam aliquam cō ponens. Illud quo (que) permagni referet, si aliquoties aut carmen soluerint, aut solutam orationem pedibus alligatam reddiderint. Audita ne effluant, aut apud vos, aut cum aliis puer retractet. Sub somnū exquisiti quip piam, aut dignum memoria meditetur, quod proxima aurora praeceptori reddat. Interdum laxandus est animus, intermiscendus lusus, at liberalis tamen, & literis dignus. In ipsis studiis sic voluptas est intermiscenda, vt puer ludum potius discendi, (quam) laborem existimet▪ Cauendum erit, ne immodica contentione ingenia discentiū obruantur, aut lectione prelonga defatigētur, vtra (que) enim iuxta offenditur.

OCTAVAE CLASSIS.

¶Deni (que) exertio ad aliquam sermonis peritiā prouectꝰ grex ad maiora grāmatices praecepta reuocetur. velut ad figuras a Donato praescriptas, ad Valle elegantiam, & ad linguae latinae quoslibet veteres authores in (qui)bꝰ praelegēdis vos admonitos velimꝰ, vt ea dū taxat q̄ explicāda p̄sēti loco sint idonea, conemini docere, veluti comoediā Terētianā enarraturi ī pⁱmis authoris [Page] fortunam, ingenium, sermonis elegātiam paucis disseratis. Deinde quantum habeat voluptatis, & vtilitatis comediarū lectio. Deinde quid significet ea vox, & vnde ducta, Deinde dilucide, & breuiter summā argumenti explicetis, Carminis genus diligēter indicetis, postea ordinetis simplicius, deinde si qua insignis elegantia, si quid prisce dictum, si quid nouatum, si quid graecanicum, si quid obscurius, si qua etymologia, si qua deriuatio & compositio, si quis ordo durior, & perturbatior, si qua orthographia, si qua figura, si qd egregium orationis decus, si qua exornatio Rethorica, si prouerbium, si quid imitandum, si quid nonimitandum sit, diligenter gregem admoneatis. Praeterea in ludo dabitis operam, vt grex quam emendatissime loquatur, loquentē aliquoties collaudetis, si quid dictū erit aptius, aut emēdetis, cum errabit. Interdum epistolae breuis argumentum sed argutū lingua vulgari proponi debet. Postremo si libet, ostendatis formulasaliquot quibus traditum thema, commode tractari poterit. Hiis rudimentis pueri in nostra schola imbuti facile declarabunt, quantopere referat ab optimis auspicatū fuisse, vos modo pergite ac patriam bene merentem honestissimis studiis illustrate.

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¶The mayster shall reherse these artycles to them that offer theyr chyldren / on this wyse here folowynge.

¶If your chyld can rede / & wryte latyn and englyshe suffycyently / so that he be able to rede and wryte hys owne lessons / than he shalt be admytted in to the schole for a scholer.

¶If your chylde after reasonable season proued / be founde here vnapte / & vnable to lernynge / than ye warned therof / shall take hym away / that he occupye not here rowme in vayne.

¶If he be apte to lerne ye shall be content that he contynue here tyll he haue some competent lyterature.

¶If he be absent .vi. dayes and in that meane season ye shewe not cause reasonable (reasonable cause is all onely sekenes) than his rowme to be voyde / without he be admytted agayne and pay .iiii. d.

¶Also after cause shewed yf he contynue so absent tyll the weke of admyssyon in the nexte quarter / & than ye shew not the cōtynuance of his sekenes / than his rowme to be voyde / and he none of the schole / tyll he be admytted agayne & paye .iiii. d. for wrytyng of his name

¶Also yf he fall thryse in to absence / he shall be admytted no more.

¶Your chylde shall on chyldermasday wayte vpon the bysshop at Poules and offer there.

¶Also ye shall fynde hym ware in the wynter.

¶Also ye shall fynde hym conuenyent bokes to his lernynge.

¶If the offerer be content with these artycles thā let his chylde be admytted.

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¶Gala. quinto.‘Valete In CHRISTO IESV fides quae per dilectionem operatur.’

¶Fides:

¶The artycles of the fayth▪

j. I Byleue in god y^e father almyghty creatour of heuen and of erth.
ij. And in his sone Ihesu Cryst our lorde.
iij. Whiche was conceyued by the holy ghoost / & borne of the clene vyrgyn Mary.
iiij. Which suffred vnder Poncio Pylato / & was crucifyed and dyed / & was buryed / & descended te hell.
v. Whiche rose agayne the thyrde day frō deth to lyfe.
vi. Whiche ascended in to heuen and sytteth at the ryght hande of the fader almyghty.
vij. Whiche shall come agayne & iudge both quyck & deed.
viij. And I byleue in the holy ghoost y^e holy spritite of god.
ix. I byleue the holy chyrch of Cryst / which is y^e clene cō gregacyon of faythfull people in grace / and cōmunyō of sayntys onely in Cryst Ihesu.
x. I byleue that in the chyrch of Crystis remyssyō of synnes both by baptym and by penaunce.
xi. I byleue after this lyfe / resurrecciō of our deed bodyes.
xij. I byleue at the last / euerlastyng lyfe of bode & soule.

¶AMEN.

¶The seuen sacramentys.

I Byleue also that by the seuen sacramentys of the chyrch cometh grete grace to all that taketh thē accordyngly.

j. By gracyous order is gyuē power to mynyster in god.
ij By grocyoꝰ matrymony we be borne into this worlde to god.
[Page]iij. By gracyoꝰ baptym we be borne agayn y^e sones of god
iiij. By gracyous confyrmacyon we be stablysshed in the grace of god.
v. By gracyous Eucharystye where is the very presence of the person of Cryst vnder forme of bred / we be nourysshed spy [...]ytually in god.
vi. By gracyous penaunce we ryse agayn frome synne to grace in god.
vij. By gracyous enealynge and the last anoyntynge / we be in our deth commended so god.

Charyte.

¶The loue of god.

¶In this true byleue I shal fyrst loue god y^e fader almyghty y^t made me / & our lord Ihesu Cryst y^t redemed me / & y^e holy ghoost y^t alway inspyreth me. this blessyd holy trynyte I shal alway loue & honour & serue w^t all my herte / mynd / and strength. and fere god alonely / & put my trust in hym alonely.

¶The loue of thyn ownself.

Seconde I shall loue my selfe to godward and shall abstayne from all synne as moche as I may / specyally from the synnes deedly.

I shall not be prowde / nor enuyous / nor wrothfull.

I shal not be glottenous / nor lecherous / nor sloughful

I shall not be couetous desyryng suꝑfluyte of worldly thyngys. And euyll company I shall eschewe & fl [...] as moche as I may.

I shall gyue me to grace & verttue & cunnynge in god

I shall pray often / specyally on the holy dayes.

I shall lyue alway temperatly & sober of my mouthe.

I shall fast the dayes cōmaunded [...] Crystys chyre [...]e.

I shall kepe my mynde from euyll & [...] though [...]es.

I shal kepe my mouth frō swetīg / lyeng & foule spe [...]i [...]

[Page]I shall kepe my handes from stelyng and pykynge

Thynges taken away I shall restore agayne.

Thynges founde I shall rendre agayne.

¶ To loue of thy neyghbour.

Thyrde / I shyll loue my neyghbour that is euery mā to godwarde / as myn owne selfe. And shall helpe hym in all his necessytees spyrytually & bodely / as I wolde be helped myn owne self: specyally my fader & my moder that brought me in to this worlde.

The mayster that techeth me I shall honour and obey

My felowes that lerne with me I shall loue.

¶ Penaunce.

Yf I fall to synne I shall anone ryse agayne by penaū ce and pure confessyon.

¶ Howselynge.

¶ As often as I shall receyue my lorde in sacramēt / I shall w^t all study dyspose me to pure clennes & deuociō.

¶ In sekenesse.

¶Whan I shall dye I shall call for the sacramētes & ryghtes of Crystes chyrche by tymes / & be cōfessed and receyue my lorde and redemer Iesu Cryst.

¶ In deth.

And in peryll of deth I shall gladly call to be enealed and so armed in god / I shall departe to hym / in truste of his mercy / in our lorde Cryst Iesu.

Hoc fac & viues.

¶ Preceptes of lyuynge.

¶Fere god.
Loue god.
Desyre to be w^t hym
Serue hym dayly w^t some prayer.
Byleue & trust in Cryst Iesu.
Worshyphine and his mother Mary.
Call often for grace of y^e holy ghoost.
[Page]Brydell of affeccyons of thy mynde.
Subdue thy sensual apetytes.
Thrust downe pryde.
Refrayne thy wrath.
Forgete trespaces.
Forgyue gladly.
Chastyse thy body.
Be sobre of thy mouthe
Be sobre of meat & drīk.
Be sobre in talkyny.
Fle swerynge.
Fle foule language.
Lole clēnes & chastyte.
Vse honest company.
Beware ryot.
Dyspende mesurably.
Fle dyshoneste.
Be true in worde & dede
Reuerence thyn elders.
Obey thyn superyours.
Be felow to thyn equalꝭ
Be benygne & louyng to thyn inferyours.
Loue all men in god.
Loue peace and equyte.
Thynke of deth.
Drede y^e iudgement of god.
Trust in goddys mercy.
Be alway well occupyed.
Lose no tyme.
Stande in grace.
Fallīg down / dyspayre not
Euer take a fresshe newe good purpose.
Perseuer constauntly▪
Vse of tyme confessyon.
Wasshe clene.
Sorow for thy synnys.
Aske of ten mercy.
Be no slogarde.
Awake quyckly.
Enryche the wyth vertue▪
Lerne dylygently.
Teche that thou hast lerned louyngly.

¶ By this waye thou shalte come to grace & glory.

AMEN.

¶Simbolum apostolorum.

i. Credo in deū patrē oīpotentē, creatorē coeli & terrae.
ii. Et in Iesum Christum, filiū eius vnicū, dominū nostrū.
iii. Qui cōceptus est de spū sctō, natus ex Maria virgine.
iiii. Passus sub Pontio Pilato, crucifixus, mortuus, & sepultus, descendit ad inferna.
v. Tertia die resurrexit a mortuis.
[Page]vi. Ascēdit ad celos, sedet ad dextrā dei patria oīpotentia.
vii. Inde venturus est iudicare viuos & mortuos,
viii. Credo inspiritum sanctum.
ix. Sanctam ecclesiam catholicam, sanctorū cōmunionē.
x. Remissionem peccatorum.
xi. Carnis resurrectionem.
xii. Et vitam eternam amen.

¶ORATIO DOMINICA.

i. Pater noster qui es in celis, sanctificetur nomen tuum.

ii. Adueniat regnum tuum.

iii. Fiat voluntastua sicut in celo. & in terra.

iiii. Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie.

v. Et dimitte nobis debita nostra, sicut & nos dimittimu [...] debitoribus nostris.

vi. Et ne nos inducas in temptationem.

vii. Sed libera nos a malo Amen.

¶SALVTATIO ANGELICA:

Aue maria gratia plena, dominus tecum.

Benedicta tu in mulieribus, & benedictus fructus ventris tui. IESVS.

¶Oremus.

SAncta Maria virgo, & mater Iesu, age cum filio tuo, vt haec schola quotidie ꝓficiat in ipso, vt (que) omn [...]s pueri in eadem, discant ipsum, & erudiantur in ipso, tandem vt perfecti filii dei fiant per ipsum. Et tu quo (que) Iesu beniguissime age cū patre tuo, & patre nr̄o, vt gratin sui spiritus, nos suos filiolo [...]faciat, sic te Iesu discere & imitari in hoc saeculo, vt vna tecum foeliciter regnemuain futuro. AMEN.

¶Oratuncula ad puerum IESVM. Scholae praesidem.

[Page]MI domine Iesu suauissime, qui puer adhuc anmo aetatis tuae duodecimo, in Herosolomitano templo inter doctores illos sic disputasti, vt stupifacti vniuersi, tuam super excellentem sapientiā admirarentur: te quaeso vt in hac tua schola cui praees & patrocinari [...], eā quotidie discā, & literaturā, & sapientiā, qua possim in primis te Iesu, qui es ipsa vera sapientia cognoscere, deinde cognitū eundem te colere & imitari, at (que) in hac breui vita sic ambulare in via doctrinae tuae sequax vestigiorū tuorū, vt quo peruenisti ipse ad aliquam eiu [...] gloriae partem decedens ex hac luce, possim ego quo (que) tua gratia foeliciter peruenire. Amen.

Io. Colet. suo Lilio, Salutem.

ACcipe optime ac literatissime Lili, libellum puerilis institutionis, in quo quidē eadē quae fuerūt ab aliis tradita, ratione, & ordine paulo (nisi sallor) cō modiore dignissimus, Id (que) fecimus vt elemēta grāmatices, & foelicius influerent in puerorū animos, & tenaciu [...] inhaererent, Tuū erit, qui primus es huius nouae Pauli schole praeceptor his rudimētis diligēter exercere pueros nostros, deīceps ad maiora, ꝓfecturos. Nil enī aeque mihi cordi estī presētia, (quam) vt parnuli Christi (quam) plurimū apud te proficiāt, cū literatura, tum bonis moribus. Ad quod si enitiris, & Iesum puerorū prae fidē tibi tuo studio demereberis, & me plane foelicem reddideris.

Vale.
ex aedibus meis. Kal. August. An. M.CCCCC.ix.

¶A lytell proheme to the boke.

AL beit many haue wrytē / & haue made certayn introducciōs in to latyn speche / called Donates & accedens in to latyn tongue and in Englysh in such plenty that it shold seme to suffyce. Yet neuer y^e lesse for [Page] the loue and the zele y^t I haue vnto the newe schole of Powels / & to y^e chyldrē of y^e same: sūwhat I haue also compyled of y^e mater & of y^e .vii [...]. partes of grāmer haue made this lytell boke. not thynkynge y^t I coud say ony thynge better thā hath be sayd before / but I toke this besynes hauyng grete pleasure to shew y^e testymony of my good minde vnto y^e schole. In which lytel warke if ony newe thynges be of me / it is a lonely y^t I haue put these partes in a more clere ordre / & haue made them a lytel more easy to yong wyttes / thā me thynketh they were before. Iudgyng y^t no thīge may be to soft nor to famylyer / for lytell chyldrē / specyally lernyng a tonge vnto them al straung. In which lytel boke I haue left many thynges out of purpose / cōsyderyng y^e tendernes & smal capacite of lytell myndeꝭ / & y^t I haue spokē / also I haue affyrmed it none otherwyse / but as it happeth moost comynly in latē tonge. For many by y^e excepciōs & harde it is ony thynge generally to assure in a speche so varyous. I pray god all may be to his honour / & to y^e erudycyō / & profyt of chyldrē my coūtre men / lōdoners specyally. whome digestyng this lytel werke I had all waye before my [...]e you / cōsydering more what was for them than to shew ony grete cōnyng w [...]llyng to speke y^e thyngꝭ often before spoken in such maner as gladly yonge begynners / & tender wyttes myght take / and cōceyue. Wherfore I pray you all lytell babꝭ / all lytel chyldren lerne gladly this lytell treatyse / & cōmende it dylygētly vnto your memoryes. Trustyng of this begynnyng y^t ye shall procede / and grow to parfyte lytecatum & some at y^e last to be grete clerkꝭ. And lyft vp your lytell whyte handes for me▪ whiche prayeth for you to god. to whome be all honour and imperyall maieste and glory. Amen.

¶Prologi finis.

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¶An introduccyon of the partes of spekyng for chyldren / & yonge begynners in to latyn speche.

¶In speche be these .viii. partes folowyng

Foure declynable.
- Nowne.
- Pronowne.
- Verke.
- Partycyple.
Foure vndeclynable.
- Aduerbe.
- Coniunccyō.
- Preposycyō.
- Interiecciō.

¶The fyrst parte called a nowne.

¶A nown / is the name of a thyng that is, and may be seen felte / herd or vnderstāde. As y^e name of my hand in latyn is, manus. y^e name of a hous is, domus. y^e name of goodnes is, bonitas.

¶The dyuysyon of nownes.

¶Nownes / or the names of thyngys some be substantyues / some be adiectyues. A nowne substantyue is y^• standeth by hym selfe / & loketh not for an other word to be ioyned with hym.

¶A nowne adiectyue is y^t can not stande by hym selfe but loketh to be ioyned w^t an other word: as bonus, pulcher. whan I say in latin bonus god / or pulcher fayre. it loketh to tell what is good / or what is fayre. And therfore it must be ioyned w^t another worde: as a good chyld Bonus puer. A fayr womā / pulcha foemina. And a nowne adiectyue eyther it hath thre termycacyōs as Bonus, bona, bo [...]ū or estes it is declyned w^t thre artycles. Hic, haec, hoc as hic, haec, & hoc foe [...]ix.

¶ The dyuysyon of a nowne substantyue.

¶A nowne / or a name substantyue. eyther it is ꝓpre to the thynge that it betokeneth: as Ioannes is my propre [Page] name / or it is comyn to moo: as Homo a mā. is comyn name to all men.

¶The nomber of nownes.

¶In nownes be two nōbres. One synguler. an other plurel. ¶The synguler nōberis whā it speketh of one / as Lapis a stone. ¶The plurel nōber is / whā it speketh of mo than one as Lapides stones.

¶The cases in to which nownes be declyned.

¶Nownes both substātȳues / & adiectyues he declyned in to .vi. cases / singulerly / & plurally. The nominatiue y^e Genityue. y^e datyue. y^e accusatyue. the vocatyue. & the Ablatyue: as this nown substantyue Magister (here folowynge) is declyned.

Sig.

Ntō hic magister.
Gtō huius magistri
Dtō huic magistro.
Actō hūc magistrū
Vctō o magister.
Ab. ab hoc magistro.

Plu.

Ntō hi magistri.
Gtō ho (rum) gistrorū.
Dtō his magistris.
Actō hos magistros
Vctō. o magistri.
Ab. ab his gistris.

¶The nominatyue case is fyrst y^e name of y^t thynge by it selfe / and cometh before the verbe.

¶The genytyue case is knowen by this token / of. as Doctrina magistri, the lernyng of a mayster.

¶The datyue case is knowē by this tokē / to. as I gyue a boke to y^e mayster. Do librum magistro.

¶The accusatyue case foloweth y^e verbe / whā we tell what we do: as I loue the mayster. Amo magistrum.

¶The vocatyue case is knowē by callyng / or spekyng to: as O magister, O mayster.

¶The ablatyue case is vsed most w^t prepofycyōs of y^e ablatyue case. as with the mayster, Cū magistro. And [Page] in / with / thorow / by / for / or fro: be sygnes of the ablatyue case.

¶The declynacyons of nownes most comenly.

¶The fyrst declynacyon of nownes.

¶Nownes haue in to theyr cases .v. maner of declynacyons. The fyrst is whan from y^e nominatyue case synguler / the genityue falleth in ae. & y^e datyue also in ae. y^e accusatyue in am. y^e vocatyue lyke the nominatyue. the ablatyue in a. the nominatyue plurell in ae. y^e genityue in arū. the datyue in is. y^e accusatyue in as. y^e vocatyue lyke the nomynatyue. the ablatyue in is. as in exāple.

Sin.

Ntō. haec musa.
Gtō huius musae.
Dtō. huic musae.
Actō hanc musam.
Vctō. o musa.
Abltō. ab hac musa.

Plu.

Ntō. hae musae.
Poeta aduen Aenea Anch fes.
Gtō. harū sarum.
Dtō. his musis.
Actō. has musas.
Vctō. o musae.
Abl. ab his musis.

¶The .ii. declynacyon of nownes.

¶The seconde is whā from y^e nominatyue case synguler / y^e genityue falleth in i. y^e datyue in o. y^e accusatyue in um. y^e vocatyue most comynly lyke y^e nominatyue. y^e ablatyue in o. y^e nominatyue plurell in i. y^e genityue in o (rum). y^e datyue ī is. y^e accusatyue in os. y^e vocatyue shal be lyke y^e nominatyue. y^e ablatyue in is. as in exāple.

Sin.

Ntō. hic magister.
Gtō. huius magistri.
Dtō. huic gistro.
Actō. hūc strum.
Vctō. o magister.
Abltō. ab hoc magistro.

Plu.

Ntō. hi magistri.
Gtō. horū strorū.
Tēplū Amic Virgi Orph Pāthu
Dtō. his magistris
Actō. hos gistros.
Vctō. o magistri.
Abltō. ab his stris

¶Here is to be noted y^t whā y^e noīatyue case endeth in us, the vocatyue shall ende in e. as Ntō hic dominus, [Page] vocatiuo o domine. except Filius .lii. that maketh o fill, and Deus, that maketh o deus. ¶whan y^t nominatyue endeth in ius, yf it be a ꝓ [...]re name of a man: y^e vocatyue shall ende in i. as Ntō hic Georgius, vctō o Georgi.

¶The .iii. declynacyon of nownes.

¶The thyrd is / whā from y^e nominatiue case synguler the genytyue falleth in is. the datyue in i. y^e accusat [...]ue in em / or in im. y^e vocatyue shalbe lyke y^e nominatiue. y^e ablatyue in e / or in i. the nomynaty [...]e case plurel in es. the genytyue in um / or in ium. the datyue in bus. y^e acc [...]satyue in es. the vocatyue shall be lyke the nomynatyue. the abla [...]yue in bus. as in example.

Sing.

Ntō. hic lapis.
Gtō. huius la [...]idis.
Dtō huic lapidi.
Actō hūc lapidē.
Vctō o lapis.
Abltō ab hoc lapide.

Plr.

Ntō hi lapides.
Gtō horū lapidum.
Dtō his lapidibus.
Actō ho lapides.
Vctō o lapides.
Abl. ab his lapidibus.

¶Where [...]ote y^t all nownes of y^e neutre gendre haue the nomynaty [...]e / y^e accusatyue / & vocatyue lyke in both nombres / and in the plurel nombre they ende all in a. except ambo and duo.

¶The .iiii. declynacyon of nownes.

¶The fourth is / whan frō y^e nomynatyue case synger the genytyue falleth in us. y^e datyue in ni. y^e accusatyue in um. y^e vocatyue shalbe lyke y^e nominatiue. y^e ablatyue in u. y^e noīatyue case plincell ī. us. the genytyue in uum. the datyue in vus. y^e accusatyue in us. y^e vocatiue shalbe lyke the nomynatyue. y^e ablatyue in bus. as in exāple.

Sing.

Ntō haec manus.
Gtō huius manus.
Dtō huic manui.
Actō hāc manū.
Vctō o manus.
Abltō ab hac manu.

Plr.

Ntō he manus.
Gtō harū manuseth.
Dtō his manibus.
Actō has manus.
Vctō o manus.
Abltō ab his manibꝰ.

[Page]

¶The .v. declynacyon of nownes.

¶The .v. is / whan frō y^e nomynatyue case synguler y^e genityue falleth in ei. y^e datyue in ei. y^e accusatyue ī em. the vocatyue shall be lyke y^e nomynatyue. y^e abltē in e. the no [...]ynatyue case plurell in es. y^e genityue in erū. y^e datyue in ebus. y^e accusatyue in es. y^e vocatyue shall be lyke nomynatyue. and the ablatyue in ebus.Re [...]. Fac [...]e [...]. Acies. ꝓgenie Species materie Dies.

Sing.

Ntō hic meridies.
Gtō hu [...]us meridiei.
Dtō huic meridie.
Actō hūc meridiem.
Vctō o meridies.
Abltō ab hoc meridie.

Plu.

Ntō hi meridies.
Gtō horū meridierū.
Dtō his meridiebus.
Actō hos meridies.
Vctō o meridies.
Abltō ab hisebus.

¶The declynacyons of adyectiues moost cōmili.

¶A nowne ady [...]ctyue of all gēdres: as Foelix, is thus declyned.

Sing.

ntō hic haec hoc foelix
Gtō huius felicis
Dtō huic felici.
Ac. hūc hāc cē, et hoc lix.
Vctō of [...]lix
Ab. hoc. hac, hoc, ce vlci.

Plu.

Ntō hi et hae es, et haecla
Gtō horū harū ho (rum) ciū
Dtō his felicibus.
Ac. hos, ha [...], es, et haec ia
Vctō o felices et o cia.
Ab. ab his felicibꝰ.

A nown adiec. of .iii. terminaciōs is thꝰ declyned as in exāple.

Sing.

Ntō bonus, na, nū
Gtō boni, nae, ni
Dtō bono, nae, no.
Actō num, nam, num
Vctō bonae, na, num
Abltō bono, na no.

Plu.

Ntō boni, nae, na.
Gtō norū, narū, norū.
Datiuo bonis.
Actō nos, nas na.
Vctō boni. nae na.
Abltō bonis.

¶There is besyd these certaine nownes of another m [...] ner of declinaciō makyng y^e genitiue case in ius, & y^e datyme [Page] in i. & they be these y^e folowe w^t theyr cōpoundes.

Syng.

Ntō vnus, a, um.
Gtō vnius.
Dtō vni.
Actō vnū, nā, nū.
Vctō vne, na, nū.
Abltō vno, na, no.

Plr.

Ntō, vni, vne, vna.
Gtō norū, narū, norū
Datiuo vnis.
Actō vnos, nas, na.
Vctō vni, ne, na.
Ablatiuo vnis.

¶In lyke maner is declyned Totus, Solus, & also Vllꝰ. Alius, Alter, Vter, and Neuter. Except y^t these .v. last rehersed lacke y^e vocatyue case & besyde these / y^e nowne relatyue Quis vel qui, whiche is thus declyned.

Syng.

No.: Quis vel qui.
quod vel quid.
quae.
Ge.: cuius.
Da.: cui.
Ac.: quem.
quam.
quod vel quid.
Vo.: caret.
Ab.: quo.
qua.
quo.

Plr.

No.: Qui.
quae.
quae.
Ge.: quorum.
quarum.
quorum.
Da.: quibus.
Ac.: quos.
Lquas.
quae.
Vo.: caret.
Ab.: quibus.

¶The gendred of nownes.

¶Nownes also be of dyuers gendres. and they be rekened .vii. ¶The masculyne gēder is declyned with this artycle Hic, as Hic vir, a man. ¶The feminyne gēdre is declye w^t this artycle Haec, as Haec mulier, a womā. ¶The neuter is declyned w^t this artycle Hoc, as Hoc saxum, a stone. ¶The comyn of .ii. is declyned w^t Hic and Haec, as Hic & Haec sacerdos. ¶The comyn of .iij. is declined w^t Hic haec, & hoc, as Hic, haec, & hoc, foelix

[Page]¶The doutfull gendre is declyned w^t hic / or haec, as hic vel haec dies.

¶The epycene gendre is declened with one artycle. & vnder that one artycle both kyndꝭ be betokened, as hic passer, a sparowe. both he / and she.

¶Artycles.

¶The artycles be Hic, haec, and hoc.

¶Hic, longeth to the masculyne gendre.

¶Haec longeth to the femynyne gendre.

¶Hoc, longeth to the neutre gendre.

¶Hic, & haec, longeth to the comyn of .ij.

¶Hic, haec & hoc, longeth to the ocmyn of .iij.

¶Comparacyons of nownes.

¶In nownes also be degrees of compacysō. The posytyue. The cōparatyue. And the superlatyue. And these cōparacyons be in adiectyues / betokenīg more or lesse.

¶The posityue degre betokeneth somwhat of y^e thyng as Durus, harde.

¶The cōparatyue degre betokeneth more of y^e thyng / as Durior. harder.

¶The superlatyue degre betokeneth most of y^e thyng / as Durissimus, hardest.

¶The cōparatyue degre is betokened w^t y^e posytyue & this aduerbe Magis, as Magis durus, more harde.

¶The suꝑlatyue degre is betokened w^t the posytyue & this aduerbe Maxime, as Maxime durus, most harde.

¶The formynge of the comparatyue.

¶The comparatyue is formed of the fyrste case of his posytyue endyng in i / by puttyng to this syllabe or, as Albi albior. Dulci dulcior.

¶The suꝑlatyue is formed lykewyse of y^e fyrst case of his posityue endīg ī i / by puttīg to s, & simus, as Albialbissimus, [Page] Dulci, dulcissimus.

¶E [...]cept nowne adiectiues / ending in er. as Pulcher wh [...]se superlatyue is formed of y^e nominatyue cause / add [...]d therto rimus, as Pulcherrimus.

¶And except these nownes y^e ende in lis, as Humilis, facil [...]s, agilis, grac [...]lis, similis. whose suꝑlatyue is fourmed of the nominatiue case is done away / & added to limus as Humillimus.

¶Out of these generall rule of formyng y^e cōparatyue and the superlatyue / be except these that folowe.

¶Bonus that maketh y^e cōparatyue Melior, And the superlatyue Optimus.

¶Malus that maketh the comparatyue Peior, and the superlatyue Pessimus.

¶Magnus, that maketh the comparatyue Maior, and the superlatyue Maximus.

¶Multus, that maketh the comparatyue Plus, and the superlatyue Plurimus.

¶Paruus, that maketh the compatyue Minor, and the superlatyue Minimus.

¶FINIS NOMINIS.

¶The seconde parte of speche called a Pronowne.

A Pronowne is moche lyke a nowne / & in reason stādeth for a nowne. And ther be ꝓnownes .xv of which these .viii. Ego, Tu Sui, Iste, Ille, Ipse, Hic, and Is. be primatiues so called. For they stande of themself / and be not deryued of other.

¶These .vii. be deryuatyues. Meus, Tuus, Suus, Noster, and Vester, Nostras. & Vestras. For they be deryued of theyr primatyues. Meus cometh of mei, Tuus, of tui, Suus, of sui. Noster and Nostras of nostri, Vester and Vestras, of vestri.

[Page]¶Pronownes also haue nombres. synguler / and plurell: as hath a nowne, and be declyned in theyr cases syngulerly and plurally.

¶The fyrst declynacyon of pronownes. ¶These .iij. Ego, tu, sui, be thus declyned.

Sing.

Nominatiuo ego,
Genitiuo mei.
Datiuo mihi.
Actō me.
Vctō caret.
Abltō a me.

plu.

Nominatiuo nos.
Genitiuo strū vel stri.
Datiuo nobis.
Accusatiuo nos.
Vctō caret.
Abltō a nobis.

Sing.

Nominatiuo tu.
Genitiuo tui.
Datiuo tibi.
Actō te.
Vctō o tu.
Abltō a te.

Plu.

Nominatiuo vos.
Gtō vestrū vel vestri.
Datiuo vobis.
Actō vos.
Vctō o vos.
Abltō a vobis.

Sing.

Nominatiuo caret.
Genitiuo sui.
Datiuo sibi.
Actō se.
Vocatiuo caret.
Ablatiuo a se.

Plu.

Nominatiuo caret.
Genitiuo sui.
Datiuo sibi.
Accusatiuo se.
Vctō caret.
Ablatiuo a se.

¶The seconde declynacyon. ¶These .v. Iste, Ille, Ipse, Hic, and Is, be thus declyned.

Sing.

Ntō iste, ista, istud.
Gtō istius.
Datiuo isti.
Actō istū, am, ud.
Vocatiuo caret.
Ablatiuo isto, ista, isto.

Plu.

Ntō isti, istae, ista.
Gtō istorū, arū, orum.
Datiuo istis.
Acto istos, istas, ista.
Vocatiuo caret.
Ablatiuo ab istis.

[Page]Ille, is declyned lyke Iste; and also Ipse, except that the neuter gendre in the nomynatyfe case / and in the accusatyf synguler maketh Ipsum.

Sing.

Ntō hic, haec, hoc.
Genitiuo huius.
Datiuo huic.
Actō hūc, hāc, hoc.
Vocatiuo caret.
Abltō hoc, hac, hoc.

Plu.

Ntō hi, hae, haec.
Gtō horū, arū horum
Datiuo his.
Actō hos, has, haec.
Vocatiuo caret.
Ablatiuo ab his.

¶The thyrde declynacyon. ¶These .v. Meꝰ, Tuꝰ, Suꝰ, Nr̄, & Vester, be declyned as nownes adiectyues of .iij. termynacyōs on this vyse.

Sing.

Ntō is, ea, id.
Genitiuo eius.
Datiuo ei.
Actō eum, eā, id.
Vctō caret.
Ablatiuo eo, ea, eo.

Plu.

Ntō ii, ea, ea.
Gtō eorū, earū, eorū.
Datiuo eis.
Actō eos, eas, ea.
Vocatiuo caret.
Ablatiuo ab eis.

Sing.

Ntō meus, a, um.
Gtō mei, meae, mei.
Dtō meo, meae, meo.
Actō meū, am, ū.
Vctō mi, mea, meum.
Abltō meo, mea, meo.

Plu.

Ntō mei, meae, mea.
Gtō meorū, arū, orū.
Datiuo meis.
Ac. meos, meas, mea.
Vctō mei, meae, mea.
Ablatiuo meis.

¶So Tuus, and Suus, be declyned. excepte they both [...] lacke the vocatyue case.

Sing.

Ntō noster, tra, trū.
Gtō nostri, stre, stri.
Dtō nostro, strae, stro.
Actō nostrū, ā ū.
Vctō noster, stra, strū.
Ablō strō, stra, stro.

Plu.

Ntō nostri, strae, stra.
Gtō strorū, arū, orū.
Datiuo nostris.
Actō stro, stras, stra.
Vctō nostri, strae, stra.
Ablatiuo nostris.

So Vester, is declined. except he laketh y^e vocatiue case

[Page]

¶The fourth declynacyon. ¶These two Nostras and Vestras, he thus declyned.

Sing.

Ntō hic & haec nostras.
Gtō huius nostratis.
Dtō huic nostrati.
Ac. hūc & hāc atē.
Vctō o nostras.
Ab. ab hoc & ab hac ate, l ti.

Plu.

Ntō hi & hae strates
Gtō ho (rum) & ha. tū.
Dtō his nostratibus
Ac. hos & has strates
Vctō o nostrates.
Ab. his stratibꝰ.

So vestras, is declined except he lacketh y^• vocatiue case.

¶Genders.

¶Pronownes also haue these genders as a nowne.

i. The masculyne / as Ille, he.
ij. The feminyne / as Illa, she.
iij. The neutre / as Illud, that.
iiij. The comen of two / as Hic & haec nostras.
v. The comen of thre / as Ego tu sui.

¶Persones.

¶A pronown hath thre persones. The fyrst / the secōd the thyrde. The fyrst is whan the speker sheweth his owne selfe / as y^e synguler Ego, I / the plurell Nos, we.

¶The seconde person is / whā the speker speketh to an other / as syngulerly Tu, thou / plurally vos, ye. And also of this persone is euery vocatyue case.

¶The thyrd persone is / whan the speker speketh of y^e thyrd thynge from thē both / as syngulerly Ille, he plurally Illi, they. And therfore all nownes / pronownes / & partycyple / be of the thyrde persone.

¶FINIS PRONOMINIS.

¶The thyrde parte of speche called a verbe.

A Verbe is a specyall parte of speche y^t cometh in euery ꝑfyte reason / & in euery sentēce / & it is a worde / y^t eyther betokeneth beyng of a thyng / as Sum, [Page] I am: o [...] doyng of a thyng / as Amo, I loue: or sufferīg of a thyng / as Amor, I am loued. Verbes / some haue ꝑsones / as Amo, amas, som haue no ꝑsones / as Tedet, oportet.

¶Kyndes of verbes.

¶Of verbes ꝑsonalles ther be .v. kyndes. Actyue / passyue / Neutre / Deponēt / & Comyn. A verbe actyue endeth in o / and with puttynge to r, may be a passyue / as Amo. I loue: to y^e whiche worde Amo, yf thou take r, & say Amor, it is a passyue / sayng I am loued.

¶A verbe passyue endeth in or, & with leuynge r, may be an actyue / as Amor, I am loued, frō y^e which worde Amor, yf thou take away r, & say Amo, it is an actyue saynge I loue.

¶A verbe neutre endeth in o, & can not take r, to make hym a passyue / as Curro. I renne. this worde Curro, taketh no r, makynge hym Curror.

¶A verbe deponent endeth in r, & yet in sygnyfycacyō is actyue / as Loquor verbum, I speke a worde.

¶A verbe comyn endeth in r, & in his signyfycacyō is bothe actyue and passyue: as we say actyuely, Osculor te, I kysse the. And also passyuely, Osculor a te, I am kyssed of the.

¶Impersonallys y^t hath the thyrde persone / as Iuuat, oportet, decet, delectat, and as Penitet, tedet, miseret, pudet, & piget, & as Interest, refert. And theyr englyshe comynly is with this sygne it, as It delyteth me to rede. Delectat melegere.

¶The declynacyons of verbes.

¶All verbes ꝑsonalles y^t haue persones be declyned / & in theyr declynacyō they vary moch in terminacyō. & y^t by y^e reason of the modes / & of y^e tymes / & of y^e persones.

¶Modes.

[Page]¶Mode is y^e maner of spakyng. which be .v. Indicaty [...]e / the Imperatyue / the Optatyue / the Coniunctyue / and the Infynytyue.

¶The indicatyue sheweth a reason trewe / or false by way of axyng / or tellyng: as Amo, I loue.

¶The imꝑatiue viddeth or cōmaūdeth: as Ama, loue y^•

¶The optatyue wylleth / or desyreth: w^t these sygnes wold / shold / or wold to god.

¶The cōiunctyue ioyneth & cōteyneth sentences togyder: as Cūamarē, erā diues. whā I loued I was ryche.

¶The infinityue whā w^c an other verbe I declare my doyng: as Volo amare. I wyll loue. Dico me amare. I say y^t I loue. Bonū est amare. It is good to loue. And to before a verbe is sygne of the infynytyue mode.

¶Tenses.

¶In modes all verbes vary by reasō of tymes / called tenses / which be .v. The present / y^e preterimperfyt / the preterperfyt / the preterpluperfyt / & futur.

¶The presentens speketh of the tyme that is now / as Amo, I loue. ¶The preterimꝑfyt tens speketh of the tyme that is lytell past / as Amabam, I loued.

¶The p̄terperfyt tens speketh of y^e tyme y^t is perfytly past with this sygne haue / as Amaui I haue loued.

¶The p̄terpluperfyt tens speketh of y^e tyme y^t is more thā ꝑfytly past with this sygne had / as Amaueram. I had loued. ¶The futertens speketh of y^e time to com with this sygne shall / as Amabo, I shall loue.

¶Also in these times y^e verbe alway declyned / varyeth by y^e reason of the persones, the fyrst y^e seconde / and the thyrde. as in y^e indycatyue mode and present tyme in y^e fyrst persone Amo, I loue. in the second Amas, thou louest. in the thyrd Amat, he loueth. Plurally Amamus, we loue. Amatis, ye loue, Amāt, they loue. ¶And thus [Page] verbes be declyned & varyed in theyr terminacions / by the reason of the modes / & in the modes by reason of y^e tymes / and in tymes by the reason of the parsons.

¶Coniugacyons.

¶Verbes haue soule coniugacions / which be knowen dystyngtly by theyr infinytyue modes / that ende in re The fyrst cōiugaciō hath a, lōg before y^e re / as Amare, The second cōiugaciō hath e, lōge before y^e re as Docere, The thyrde coniugacyon hathe, shorte before there, as Legere. The fourth coniugacyon hath i, long before the re, as Audire.

¶How verbes of euery cōiugacyon declyned / vary in theyr modes & in theyr tymes / & ī theyr persones / both syngulerly and plurally / it appereth playnly here folowynge / by exāple. And fyrst of the fyrst cōiugacyon.

¶The fyrst coniugacyon. ¶AMO.

¶Mode indicatyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.	Amo,	amas,	amat
Presēt.	Plur.	amamus.	amatis,	amant.
Imꝑfe.	Sing.	amabam,	amabas,	amabat.
Imꝑfe.	Plur.	Amabamus,	amabatis,	amabant.
Perfe.	Sing.	amaui,	amauisti,	amauit.
Perfe.	Plur.	amauimus,	amauistis,	uerūt vel ere.
Pluꝑ.	Sing.	amaueram,	amaueras,	amauerat.
Pluꝑ.	Plur.	amaueramus,	amaueratis,	amauerant.
Futur.	Sing.	amabo,	amabis,	amabit.
Futur.	Plur.	amabimus,	amabitis,	amabunt.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.		ama,	amet.
Presēt.	Plur.	amemus,	amate,	ament.
Futur.	Sing.		amato tu,	amato ille.
Futur.	Plur.	amemus,	amatote,	āto, vel tote.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.	vtiam	amem,	ames,	amet.
Presēt.	Plur.	vtinam	amemus,	ametis,	ament.
Imꝑfe.	Sing.	vtinam	amarēm,	amares,	amaret.
Imꝑfe.	Plur.	vtinam	remus,	retis,	rent.
Perfe.	Sing.	vtinā	amauerim,	amaueris,	amauerit.
Perfe.	Plur.	vtinam	rimus,	ritis,	amauerint.
Pluꝑfe.	Sing.	vti.	amauissem,	amauisses,	amauisset.
Pluꝑfe.	Plur.	vti.	amauissemꝰ,	amauissetis,	amauissent.
Futur.	Sing.	vti.	amauero,	amaueris,	amauerit.
Futur.	Plur.	vti.	amauerimꝰ,	amaueritis,	amauerint.

¶Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.	cum	amem,	ames,	amet.
Presēt.	Plur.	cum	amemus,	ametis,	ament.
Imꝑfe.	Sing.	cum	amarem,	amares,	amaret.
Imꝑfe.	Plur.	cum	amaremus,	amaretis,	amarent.
Perfe.	Sing.	cum	amauerim,	amaueris,	amauerit.
Perfe.	Plur.	cum	amauerimꝰ,	amaueretis,	amauerint.
Pluꝑf.	Sing.	cum	amauissem,	amauisses,	amauisses.
Pluꝑf.	Plur.	cum	amauissemꝰ,	amauissetis,	amauissent.
futur.	Sing.	cum	amauero,	amaueris,	amauerit.
futur.	Plur.	cum	amauerimꝰ,	amaueritis,	amauerint.

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

p̄sent. ¶Amare.

imꝑf. ¶Amauisse.

perf. ¶Amatumire, vel amaturum esse,

pluꝑf. ¶Participium presen. amans.

futur. ¶Participium, fyrst, futu, amaturus.

¶AMOR. [Page] ¶Mode indycatyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.	Amor,	amaris vel amare	amatur.
Presēt.	Plur.	amamur,	amamini,	amantur.
Imꝑfe.	Sing.	amabar,	baris vel bare,	batur.
Imꝑfe.	Plur.	amabamur,	bamini,	bantur.
Perfe.	Sing.	amatus sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit.
Perfe.	Plur.	amati sumꝰ vel fuimꝰ, estis vl istis, sūt erūt vl ere.
Pluꝑ.	Sing.	amatꝰ erā vl fuerā, ras vel fueras, rat vel fuerat.
Pluꝑ.	Plur.	amati ramꝰ vel eramꝰ tis vel fueratis, rāt vl erāt.
Futur.	Sing.	amabor,	beris vel bere,	amabitur.
Futur.	Plur.	amabimur	bimini	buntur.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.		amare	ametur.
Presēt.	Plur.	amemur	amamini	amentur.
Futur.	Sing.		amator tu	amator ille.
Futur.	Plur.	amemur	amaminor	amantor.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.	vtinam amer ameris vel ere	etur.
	Plur.	vtinam amemur, amemini	amentur.
Imꝑfe.	Sing.	vtinā amarer, reris vel rere,	amaretur.
	Plur.	vtinam amaremur remini,	rentur.
Perfe.	Sing.	vti. amatus. sim vel erī, sis vel fueris, sit vel erit.
	Plur.	v [...]. ati simꝰ vel fuerimꝰ, sitis vel ritis, sint vel rīt.
Pluꝑfe.	Sing.	vti. amatꝰ eēm vel fuissē, eēs vel ses, eēt vl fuisset.
	Plur.	vti. ti cēmus vel issemꝰ, ti vel issetis, sent vl issent.
Futur.	Sing.	vti. amatꝰ ero vel fuero, ris vel eris, rit vel fuerit.
	Plur.	vti. ti erimꝰ vlfuerimꝰ, eritis vlritis, rūt vl erīt.

Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.	cum amer	eris vel ere	ametur.
	Plur.	cum amemur	amemini	amentur.
Imꝑfe.	Sing.	cum amarer.	reris vel rere	retur.
	Plur.	cū amaremur	remini	amarentur.
Perfe.	Sing.	cū amatus sim vel fuerī, sis vel ris, sit vel fuerit.
	Plur.	cū amati simꝰ vel rimus, sitis vel ritis, sint vel rīt.
Pluꝑ.	Sing.	cū amatus essem vel fuissē, ses vel isses, set vel isset
	Plur.	cū ti semꝰ vel issemꝰ, setis vl fuissetis, sēt vel issens.
Futur.	Sing.	cū amatꝰ ero vel fuero, ris vel fueris, rit vel fuerit.
	Plur.	cū ti erimꝰ vel fuerimꝰ, tis vel eritis, rūt vel fuerīt,

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

Presēt. Amari:
Imꝑfe. perf. & pluꝑf. Amatum esse vel fuisse.
futur. Amatum iri, vel amandum esse.
Parti. praeter. Amatus. Partic. later futur. Amandus.

¶The seconde coniugacyon. ¶DOCEO.

¶Mode indicatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	Doceo,	doces,	docet.
p̄sent.	Plur.	docemus,	docetis,	docent.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	docebam,	docebas,	docebat.
imꝑfe.	Plur.	docebamus,	docebatis,	docebant.
perfe.	Sing.	docui,	docuisti,	docuit.
perfe.	Plur.	docuimus,	docuistis,	erunt velere.
pluꝑfe.	Sing.	docueram,	docueras,	docuerat.
pluꝑfe.	Plur.	docueramus,	docueratis,	docuerant.
futur.	Sing.	docebo,	docebis,	docebit.
futur.	Plur.	docebimus,	docebitis,	docebunt.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.		doce,	deceat.
p̄sent.	Plur.	doceamus,	docete,	doceant.
futur.	Sing.		doceto tu,	doceto ille.
futur.	Plur.	doceamus,	tote,	cento, vel tote.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

[Page]

p̄sent.	Sing.	vti. doceam,	doceas,	doceat.
p̄sent.	Plur.	vti. doceamꝰ,	doceatis,	doceant.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	vti. docerem,	doceres,	doceret.
imꝑfe.	Plur.	vti. doceremꝰ,	doceretis,	docerent.
perfe.	Sing.	vti. docuerī,	docueris,	docuerit.
perfe.	Plur.	vti. cuerimꝰ.	docueritis,	docuerint.
plus (quam)ꝑf	Sing.	vti. cuissem,	docuisses,	docuisset.
plus (quam)ꝑf	Plur.	vti. cuissemꝰ,	docuissetis,	docuissent.
futur.	Sing.	vti. docuero,	docueris,	docuerit.
futur.	Plur.	vti. cuerimꝰ,	docueritis,	docuerint.

¶Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	cū doceam,	doceas,	doceat.
p̄sent.	Plur.	cū doceamus,	doceatis,	doceant.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	cū docerem,	doceres,	doceret.
imꝑfe.	Plur.	cū doceremꝰ,	doceretis,	docerent.
perfe.	Sing.	cū docuerim,	docueris.	docuerit.
perfe.	Plur.	cū cuerimus,	docueritis,	docuerint.
plus (quam)ꝑf	Sing.	cū docuissem,	docuisses,	docuisset.
plus (quam)ꝑf	Plur.	cū cuissemus,	docuissetis.	docuissent.
futur.	Sing.	cū docuero,	docueris,	docuerit.
futur.	Plur.	cū cuerimus,	docueritis,	docuerint.

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

p̄sent. imꝑfe. Docere.
perf. Docuisse.
futur. Doctum ire, vel docturum esse.
Parti. p̄sent. Docens. Partic. fyrst futur. Docturus (punctel)

¶DOCEOR. ¶Mode indicatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	Doceor,	ceris, vel cere,	docetur.
p̄sent.	Plur.	docemur.	docemini,	docentur.
imꝑf.	Sing.	docebar,	baris vl bare,	batur.
imꝑf.	Plur.	docebamur,	bamini,	bantur.
Perfe.	Sing.	doctus sum vel fui, es vel fuisti, est vel fuit.
Perfe.	Plur.	ti sumus vel fuimus, tis vel fuistis, sūt erūt vl ere
Pluꝑ.	Sing.	doctꝰ erā vel fuerā, eras vel fueras, rat vl fuerat.
Pluꝑ.	Plur.	ct [...]ramꝰ vel fueramꝰ, ratis vel eratis, rāt vel erāt
Futur.	Sing.	Docebor,	ceberis vel re,	docebitur.
Futur.	Plur.	docebimur,	bimini,	docebuntur.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.		docere,	doceatur.
Presēt.	Plur.	doceamur,	docemini,	doceantur.
futur.	Sing.		docetor tu,	docetor ille.
futur.	Plur.	doceamur,	doceminor,	docentor.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	vtinā docear,	aris vel ar [...],	doceatur.
	Plur.	vti. doceamur,	amini,	antur.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	vti. docerer,	reris vel rere,	retur.
	Plur.	vti. docemur,	remini,	rentur.
perse.	Sing.	vti. doctꝰ sim vel fuerim, sis vel ris, sit vel rit.
	Plur.	vti. cti simꝰ vel rimus, sitis vel ritis, sint vel rint.
pluꝑfe.	Sing.	vti. doctꝰ eēm vel fuissē, ses vel isses, set vel isset.
	Plu.	vti. cti semꝰ vl issemꝰ, setis vel issetis, sent velissēt
futur.	Sing.	vti. doctus ero vel fuero, ris vel eris, rit vel erit.
	Plur.	vti. cti erimꝰ vel fuerimꝰ, tis vel eritis, rūt vel erit

Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	cū docear,	docearis l are,	doceatur.
	Plur.	cū doceamur,	doceamini,	doceantur.
Imꝑfe.	Sing.	cū docerer,	reris vel rere,	doceretur.
	Plur.	cū doceremur,	doceremini,	docerentur.
perf.	Sing.	cū doctꝰ sim vel fuerim, sis vel fueris, sit vl erit.
	Plur.	cū cti simus vel rimus, sitis vel ritis, sint vel rint.
plus (quam)ꝑf	Sing.	cū doctꝰ essē vel fuissē, ses vel isses, esset vel isset.
	Plur.	cū ti semꝰ vel issemꝰ, setis vel issetis, sent vel issent
futur.	Sing.	cū doctꝰ ero vel fuero, ris vel fueris, rit vel fuerit
	Plur.	cū ti erimꝰ vel fuerimꝰ, tis vel ritis, runt vel erīt

¶Mode infynytyue in tyme.

p̄sent. & imꝑf. ¶Doceri.
perfe. & plus (quam)ꝑf. ¶Doctum esse vel fuisse.
futur. ¶Doctum iri, vel docendum esse.
Parti. Praeter. ¶Doctꝰ. ¶parti, latter futur. ¶Docēdꝰ

¶The thyrde coniugacyon. ¶LEGO.

¶Mode indycatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	Lego,	legis,	legit.
p̄sent.	Plur.	legimus,	legitis,	legunt.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	legebam,	legebas,	legebat.
imꝑfe.	Plur.	legebamus,	legebatis,	legebant.
perfe.	Sing.	legi,	legisti,	legit.
perfe.	Plur.	legimus,	legistis,	legerūt vel gere.
plus (quam)ꝑf	Sing.	legeram,	legeras,	legerat.
plus (quam)ꝑf	Plur.	legeramus,	legeratis.	legerant.
futur.	Sing.	legam,	leges,	leget.
futur.	Plur.	legemus,	legetis,	legent.

¶The imperatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.		lege,	legat.
p̄sent.	Plur.	Legamus,	legite,	legant.
futur.	Sing.		legito tu,	legito ille.
futur.	Plur.	legamus,	legitote,	legūto, vel tote.

¶Mode optytyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	vtinā legam,	legas,	legat.
p̄sent.	Plur.	vtinā legamꝰ,	lagatis,	legant.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	vtinā legerē,	legeres,	legeret.
imꝑfe.	Plur.	vtinā remus,	retis,	rent.
perf.	Sing.	vt legerim,	legeris,	legerit.
perf.	Plur.	vti, legerimꝰ,	legeritis,	legerint.
pluꝑf.	Sing.	vti. legissem,	legisses,	legisset.
pluꝑf.	Plur.	vti. legissemꝰ,	legissetis,	legissent.
futur.	Sing.	vti. legero,	legeris,	legerit.
futur.	Plu.	vti. legerimꝰ,	legeris,	legerint.

¶Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	cum legam,	legas,	legat.
p̄sent.	Plur.	cū legamus,	legatis,	legant.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	cū legerem,	legeres,	legeret.
imꝑfe.	Plur.	cū legeremus,	legeretis,	legerent.
perfe.	Sing.	cū legerim,	legeris,	legerit.
perfe.	Plur.	cū legerimus,	legeritis,	legerint.
pluꝑfe.	Sing.	cū legissem,	legisses,	legisset.
pluꝑfe.	Plur.	cū legissemus,	legissetis,	legissent.
futur.	Sing.	cū legero,	legeris,	legerit.
futur.	Plur.	cū legerimus,	legeritis,	legerint.

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

p̄sent. imꝑfe. ¶Legere.
perfe. pluꝑfe. ¶Legisse.
futur. ¶Lectum ire, vel lecturum esse.
Parti. Present. ¶Legens. Partic. fyrst futur. ¶Lecturus.

¶LEGOR.

¶Mode indycatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	Legor,	legeris velere,	legitur.
p̄sent.	Plur.	legemur,	legimini,	leguntur.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	legebar,	baris vel bare,	batur.
imꝑfe.	Plur.	legebamur,	bamini,	bantur.
perfe.	Sing.	lectꝰ sū vel fui, es vel fuisti,		est vel fuit.
perfe.	Plur.	lecti sumꝰ vl fuimꝰ, estis vlfuistis, sūt erūt vl ere.
Pluꝑf.	Sing.	lectꝰ erā vel fuerā, eras vel fueras, erat vel fuerat
Pluꝑf.	Plur.	ctiamꝰ vlfucramꝰ, atis vlfueratis, rāt vel fuerāt
Futur.	Sing.	legar,	legeris vel ere,	legetur.
Futur.	Plur.	legemur,	legimini,	legentur.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.		legere,	legatur.
Presēt.	Plur.	legamur,	legemini,	legantur.
futur.	Sing.		legitortu,	legitorille.
futur.	Plur.	legamur,	legiminor,	leguntor.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.	vti. legar,	aris vel are,	atur.
	Plur.	vti. legamur,	legamini,	legantur.
Imꝑfe.	Sing.	vti. legerer,	raris vel rere,	retur.
	Plur.	vti. legeremur.	remini,	rentur.
Perfe.	Sing.	vti. lectꝰ sim vel fuerī, sis vel fueris, sit vel fuerit.
	Plur.	vti. cti simꝰ vel erimꝰ, fitis vel ritis, sint vel fuerit.
[...]luꝑfe.	Sing.	vti. lectꝰ effē vel fuissē ses vel isse [...] set vel fuisset.
	Plur.	vti. cti cēmꝰ vel fuissemꝰ, [...] vel issetis, sēt vlissēt
futur.	Sing.	vti. lectꝰ ero vel fuero, ris vel fueris, rit vel erit.
	Plur.	vti, cti rimꝰ vel fuesimꝰ, ri [...] vel eritis, rūt vel erit.

¶Mode coniunetyue in tyme.

[...]sent.	Sing.	cum leg [...],	dria velare,	atur.
	Plur.	cum legamur,	legamini,	legantur.
[...]ꝑfe.	Sing.	cum legerer,	reris vel rere,	retur.
	Plu [...].	cum legeremur,	rimini,	rent [...].
[...]rf.	Sing.	cūlectus si vel e [...]i, sis vel ris, sit vel ris, sit vel rit.
	Plur.	cūcti s [...]mus vel erimus, sitis vel ritis, sint vel rint.
[...]uꝑf.	Sing.	cūctus cēm, velissem, effes vel isses, set vel fuisset.
	Plur.	cūcti cēmꝰ velissemus, seris vel issetis, sēt vel issēt.
[...]tur.	Sing.	cū ctuiero vel f [...]ro, etis vel [...]ueris, eri [...] vel fuerit
	Plur.	cūcti erimus vel fuerimꝰ, tis vl eritis, erūt vel erīt.

[Page]

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

p̄sent. & imꝑf. ¶Legi.
Perfe. & plus (quam)ꝑf. ¶Lectum esse vel fuisse.
futur. ¶Lectum iri, vel legendum esse.
Partic. praete. ¶Lectꝰ. ¶Partic. latter futur. ¶Legēdꝰ.

¶The fourth coniugacyon. ¶AVDIO.

¶Mode indicatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	Audio,	audis,	audit.
p̄sent.	Plur.	audimus,	auditis,	audiūt.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	audiebam,	audiebas,	audiebat.
imꝑfe.	Plur.	audiebamus,	audiebatis,	audiebant.
perfe.	Sing.	audiui,	audiuisti,	audiuit.
perfe.	Plur.	audiuimus,	audiuistis,	audereūt velere.
pluꝑfe.	Sing.	audiueram,	audiueras,	audiuerat.
pluꝑfe.	Plur.	audiueramus,	audiueratis,	audiuerant.
futur.	Sing.	audiam,	audies,	audiet.
futur.	Plur.	audiemus,	audietis,	audient.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.		audi,	audiat.
p̄sent.	Plur.	audiamus,	audite,	audiant.
futur	Sing.		auditotu,	audito ille.
futur	Plur.	audiamus,	auditote,	unto vel tote.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	vtinā audiam,	audias,	audiat,
p̄sent.	Plur.	vtinā audiamus,	audiatis,	audiant.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	vtinā audirem,	audires,	audiret.
imꝑfe.	Plur.	vtinā remus,	audiretis,	audirent.
perfe.	Sing.	vtinā audiuerī,	audiueris,	audiuerit.
perfe.	Plur.	vtinā audiuerimus,	audiueritis,	audiuerint.
pluꝑfe	Sing.	vtinā audiuissē,	audiuisses,	audiuisset.
pluꝑfe	Plur.	vtinā semus,	audiuissetis,	audiuissent.
Futur.	Sing.	vtinam audiuero,	audiueris,	audiuerit.
Futur.	Plur.	vtinam audiuerimus,	audiueritis,	audiuerint.

¶Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

Presēt.	Sing.	cum	audiam,	audias,	and at.
Presēt.	Plur.	cum	audiamus,	audiatis,	audiant.
Imꝑfe.	Sing.	cum	audirem,	audires,	audiret.
Imꝑfe.	Plur.	cum	audiremus,	audiretis,	audirent.
Perfe.	Sing.	cum	audiuerim,	audiueris,	audiuerit.
Perfe.	Plur.	cum	audiuerimꝰ,	audiueritis,	audiuerint.
Pluꝑfe.	Sing.	cum	audiuissem,	audiuisses,	audiuisset.
Pluꝑfe.	Plur.	cum	audiuissemus,	audiuissetis,	audiuissent.
Futur.	Sing.	cum	audiuero,	audiueris,	audiuerit.
Futur.	Plur.	cum	audiuerimus,	audiueritis,	audiuerint.

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

Presēt. Imꝑfe. ¶Audire.
Perfe. Pluꝑf. ¶Audiuisse.
futur. ¶Auditum ire, vel auditurum esse.
Parti. p̄sent. ¶Audiens. Partic. fyrst futuri. ¶Auditurus.

¶AVDIOR. ¶Mode indicatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	Audior,	audiris vel ire,	auditur.
p̄sent.	Plur.	audimur,	audimini,	audiuntur.
[...]mꝑf.	Sing.	audiebar,	baris vel bare,	audiebatur.
[...]mꝑf.	Plur.	audiebamur,	audiebamini,	audiebantur.
[...]erf.	Sing.	auditus sū vel fui,	es vel fuisti,	est vel fuit.
[...]erf.	Plur.	auditisumꝰ vl fuimꝰ, estis vl istis, sūt erūt vl ere.
[...]luꝑf.	Sing.	auditꝰ erā vl fuerā, eras vl fueras, erat vel fuerat.
[...]luꝑf.	Plur.	auditi ramꝰ vel eramꝰ, ratis vl eratis, rāt vl erāt.
[...]tur.	Sing.	audiar,	eris vel ere,	audietur.
[...]tur.	Plur.	audiemur,	audiemini,	audientur.

[Page]

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.		audire,	audiatur.
p̄sent.	Plur.	audiamur,	audimini,	audiantur.
futur.	Sing.		auditortu,	auditor ille.
futur.	Plur.	audiamur,	audiminor,	audiuntor.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	vti. audiar,	aris vel are,	audiatur.
	Plur.	vti. audiamur,	audiamini,	audiantur.
imꝑfe	Sing.	vti. audirer,	reris vel rere,	retur.
	Plur.	vti. audiremur	audiremini,	audirentur.
perfe	Sing.	vti. auditus sim vel rim, sis vel ris, sit vel fuerit.
	Plur.	vti. auditi simus vel fuerimꝰ sitis l ritis, sit l rint.
pluꝑfe.	Sing.	vti. auditꝰ eēm vel issē, esses vel isses, eēt vel isset.
	Plur.	vti. ti eēmꝰ vel issemꝰ, setis vel issetis, essēt vlissēt
futur	Sing.	vti. auditꝰ ero vel fuero, ris vel eris, rit vel fuerit.
	Plur.	vti. auditi erimꝰ vel fuerimꝰ, eritis vlfueritis &c.

Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

p̄sent.	Sing.	cū audiar,	aris vel are,	audiatur.
	Plur.	cū audiamur,	audiamini,	audiantur.
imꝑfe.	Sing.	cū audirer,	reris vel rere,	retur.
	Plur.	cū audiremur,	remini,	rentur.
Perfe.	Sing.	cū auditus sim vel fuerim, sis vel ris, sit vel rit.
	Plur.	cū auditi simꝰ vel rimꝰ sitis vel ritis, sint vel rint.
pluꝑf.	Sing.	cū audituseēm vel fuissē, ses vel isses, set vel isset.
	Plur.	cū ti eēmꝰ lissemꝰ, essetis vel issetis, essēt velissēt.
futur.	Sing.	cū auditꝰ ero vel fuero, ris vel eris, rit velerit.
	Plur.	cū tirimꝰ vel fuerimus, ritis, vel fueritis, rū l erit

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

p̄sent. audiri.
perf. pluꝑf. auditum esse vel fuisse.
futur. auditum iri, vel audiendum esse.
Parti. p̄ter. auditus. Partic. latter futur, audiendus.

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¶SVM.
Indic.	Sum, es, est.
p̄sent.	sumus, estis, sunt,
imꝑfe.	eram, eras, erat.
	eramus, eratis, erant.
perfe.	fui, fuisti, fuit.
	fuimꝰ, istis, erūt vel ere.
pluꝑfe.	fueram, ras, rat.
	fueramus, ratis, rant.
futur.	ero, eris, erit.
	erimus, eritis, erunt.
Imꝑat.	¶Sis vel es, sit.
Presēt.	simus, sitis, vel este, sint.
futur.	esto tu, vel esto ille.
	simꝰ, estote, sūto, ltote.
Opta.	vtinam sim, sis, sit.
p̄sent.	vti. simus, sitis, sint.
Imꝑfe.	vti. essem, ses, set.
	vti. semus, setis, sent.
perf.	vti, fuerim, ris, rit.
	vti. fuerimus, ritis, rīt.
Pluꝑfe.	vti. fuissem, ses, set.
	vti. semus, setis, sent.
futur.	vti. fuero, ris, rit.
	vti. fuerimus, ritis, rīt.
Cōiū.	cum sim, sis, sit.
p̄sent.	cum simus, sitis, sint.
imꝑfe.	cum essem, esses, esset,
	cum semus, setis, sent.
perfe.	cum fuerim, ris, rit.
	cum rimus, ritis, rint.
pluꝑf.	c [...]m fuissem, ses, set.
	cū fuissemus, setis, sent.
futur.	cū fuero, ris, rit.
	cū fuerimus, ritis, rint.
Infini.	Esse.
ꝑfec. & pluꝑf.	Fuisse.
Futuro	caret.
Gerū.	¶Essendi, do, dum.
¶Supinis	caret.
Parti.	¶Ens. Futurus.

POSSVM.
Indic.	Possum, potes, potest.
p̄sent.	possumꝰ, potestis, possūt.
Imꝑf.	poterā, poteras, poterat.
	poteramus, ratis, rant.
perfe.	potui, potuisti, potuit.
	potuimꝰ, istis, erūt vl ere.
pluꝑf.	potueram, ras, rat.
	potueramus, ratis, rant.
futur.	potero, ris, rit.
	poterimus, ritis, rint.
Imꝑa.	¶Imperatiuo caret.
Opta.	vti. possim, sis, sit.
present.	vti. possimꝰ, sitis, sint.
imꝑf.	vti. possem, ses, set.
	vti. possemus, setis. sent.
perfe.	vti. potuerim, ris, rit.
	vti. potuerimus, ritis, rit.
pluꝑf.	vti, potuissem, ses. set.
	vti. semus, setis, sent.
futur.	vti. potuero, ris, rīt.
	vti. potuerimus, ritis, rit.
Cōiū.	¶Cū possim, sis, sit.
p̄sent.	cū possimus, sitis, sint.
imꝑfe.	cū possem, ses, set.
	cū possemus, setis, sent.
Perfe.	cū poterim, ris, rit.
	cū rimus, ritis, rint.
Pluꝑ	cū potuissem, ses, set.
	cū potuissemꝰ, setis, sent.
Futur.	cū potuero, ris, rit.
	cū potuerimꝰ, ritis, rint.
Infini. present. & imꝑf.	posse.
perfe. & pluꝑf.	potuisse.
Futuro	caret.
Parti. Presēt.	Potens.

VOLO.
Indic.	¶Volo, vis, vult.
Presēt.	volumus, vultis, volūt.
Imꝑfe.	volebam, bas, bat.
	volebamus, batis, bant.
perf.	volui, voluisti, voluit.
	voluimus, istis, erūt vel re.
Pluꝑf.	volueram ras, rat.
	volueramus, ratis, rāt.
Futur.	volam, les, let.
	volemus, letis, lent.
Imꝑat.	¶Imperatiuo caret.
Opta.	vtinam velim, lis, lit.
Presēt.	vti. limus, litis, lint.
imꝑfe.	vti. vellem, les, let.
	vti. lemus, letis, lent.
perfe.	vti. voluerim, ris, rit.
	vti. voluerimꝰ, ritis, rit.
pluꝑf.	vti. voluissem, ses, set.
	vti. semus, setis, sent.
futur.	vti. voluero, ris, rit.
	vti. voluerimus, ritis, rīt.
Cōiū.	cum velim, lis, lit.
p̄sent.	cum velimus, litis, lint.
imꝑf.	cum vellem, les, let.
	cum vellemus, letis, lent.
perfe.	cum voluerim, ris, rit.
	cū voluerimꝰ, ritis, rint.
pluꝑf.	cum voluissem, ses, set.
	cūissemus, setis, sent.
futur.	cum voluero, ris, rit.
	cū voluemimus, ritis, rīt
Infin̄.	present. & imꝑf. Velle.
perfe.	& pluꝑf. Voluisse.
	¶Futuro caret.
Gerū.	Volendi, do, dum,
Supinis	caret.
Parte.	Volens.

NOLO,
Indic.	¶Nolo, nōuis, nōuult:
p̄sent.	nolumus, nōuultis, nolū [...]
imꝑf.	nolebam, bas, bat.
	nolebamus, batis, bant.
perfe.	nolui, noluisti, nolui [...].
	noluimꝰ, isti [...], erūt vl ere
pluꝑf.	nolueram, ras, rat.
	nolueramus, ratis, rant.
futur.	nolam, noles, [...]olet.
	nolemus, letis, lent.
Imꝑat.	¶Noli.
Presēt.	nolite.
futur.	nolito tu.
	nolitote.
Opta.	¶Vtinā nolim, lis, lit.
p̄sent.	vti. nolimus, litis, lint.
Imꝑfe.	vti. nolem, les, let.
	vti. nollemus, letis, lent.
perf.	vti. noluerim, ris, rit.
	vti. noluerimus, ritis, rint:
Pluꝑfe.	vti. noluissem, ses, set.
	vti. noluissemꝰ sitis, sēt.
futur.	vtinā noluero, ris, rit.
	vti. noluerimꝰ, ritis, rit.
Cōiū.	¶Cū nolim, lis, lit.
p̄sent.	cū nolimus, litis, lint.
imꝑfe.	cum nollem, les, let.
	cum lemus, letis, lent.
perfe.	cum noluerim, ris, rit.
	cum rimus, ritis, rint.
plus (quam)ꝑf	cum noluissem, ses, set.
	cū semus, setis, sent.
futur.	cū noluero, ris, rit.
	cum rimus, ritis, rint.
Infini.	present. & imꝑ. Nolle.
perfe.	& pluꝑf. Noluisse.
Futuro	caret.
Gerū.	Nolendi, do, dum,
Supinis	caret.
Pati.	Nolens.
p̄sent.

MALO.
Indic.	Malo, mauis, mauult.
p̄sent.	malumꝰ mauultis, malūt.
imꝑf.	malebam, bas, bat.
	bamus, batis, bant.
perfe.	malui, maluisti, maluit.
	maluimus, istis, erūt lere.
pluꝑf.	malueram, ras, rat.
	malueramus, ratis, rant.
futur.	malam, les, let.
	lemus, letis, lent.
Imꝑa.	Imperatiuo caret.
Opta.	vti. malim, malis, lit.
p̄sent.	vti. limus, litis, lint.
imꝑf.	vti. mallem, les, let.
	vti. lemus, letis, lent:
perfe.	vti. maluerim, ris, rit.
	vti. rimus, ritis, rint.
pluꝑf.	vti. maluissem, ses, set.
	vti. femus, setis, sent.
futur.	vtinam maluero, ris, rit.
	vti. rimus, [...]iris, rint.
Cōiū.	cum malim, lis. lit.
p̄sent.	cum malimos, litis, lint.
imꝑs.	cū mallē, malles, mallet.
	cum mallemus, letis, lent.
perfe.	cum maluer [...]m, ris, rit.
	cum rimus, ritis, rint.
pluꝑfe.	cum maluissem, ses, set.
	cum semus, setis, sent.
futur.	cum maluero, ris, rit.
	cū rimus, ritis, rint.
Infini. present,	malle.
Perfe. & pluꝑf.	maluisse.
Futur.	caret.
Gerū.	malendi, do, dum.
Supi.	caret.
Parti.	praesent. malens.

FERO.
Indic.	Fero fers, fert.
p̄sent.	ferimus, fertis, ferunt.
Imꝑfe.	ferebam, bas, bat.
	ferebamus, batis, bant.
perfe.	tuli, tulisti, tulit.
	tulimꝰ, istis, erūt vel ere.
pluꝑfe.	tuleram, ras, rat.
	tuleramus, ratis, rant.
futur.	feram, res, ret.
	feremus, feretis, ferent.
Imꝑat.	Fer, ferat.
p̄sent.	feramus, ferte, ferant.
futur.	ferto tu, ferto ille.
	ramꝰ, tote, rūto, ltote.
Opta.	vtinā feram, ras, rat.
Presēt.	vtinā ramus, ratis, rāt.
Imꝑfe.	vtinā ferrem, res, ret.
	vtinā remus, retis, rent.
perf.	vtinā tulerim, ris, rit.
	vtinā rimus, ritis, rint.
Pluꝑf.	vtinā tulissem, ses, set.
	vtinā semus, setis, sent.
Futur.	vtinā tulero, [...]is, rit.
	vtinā rimus, ritis, rint.
Cōiū.	cum feram, ras, rat.
Presēt.	cūramus, ratis, rant.
imꝑf.	cum ferrem, res, ret.
	cum remus, retis, rent.
perfe.	cum tulerim, ris, rit.
	cum rimus, ritis, rint.
pluꝑf.	cum tulissem, ses, set.
	cum semus, setis, sent.
futur.	cum tulero, ris, rit.
	cū tulerimus, ritis, rint.
Infin̄.	praesent, ferre.
ꝑfec. & pluꝑf.	tulisse.
futur.	latū ire, vel laturū esse.
Gerū.	ferendi, do, dum.
Supi.	latum, latu.
Parti. praesent.	ferens.
partic. fyrst futur.	laturus.

FEROR.
Indic.	Feror, ferris, vlre, fertur
p̄sent.	ferimur, rimini, ferūtur
imꝑf.	ferebar, baris, lre, batur
	bamur, bamini, bantur.
perfe.	latus sum vel fui. &c.
	lati sumꝰ vel fuimus. &c
pluꝑf.	latus erā vel fuerā. &c.
	lati eramus vel fueramꝰ
futur.	ferar, fereris, vlre, retur
	remur, remini, rentur.
Imꝑa.	ferre, feratur.
	feramur, ferimini, ferātu
futur.	fertor tu, fertor ille.
	ramur, riminor, untor.
Opta.	vtinā ferar, feraris, &c.
p̄sent.	vtinā ramur, ni, antur.
imꝑfe.	vti. ferrer, reris lre, retur.
	vti. remur, ni, rentur.
Perfe.	vti. latꝰ sim vl fueri, &c.
	vti. lati, simus vel rimus.
pluꝑf.	vti. latꝰeēm vel issē.
	vti. lati eēmꝰ vel issemꝰ.
futur.	vti. latꝰ ero lfuero, &c.
	vti. lati rimꝰ vel fuerimꝰ.
Cōiū.	cū ferar, raris, vel re. &c.
p̄sent.	cum amur, ni, antur.
imꝑf.	cū ferrer, reris, vel re, &c.
	cum remur, ni, rentur.
perf.	cū latus sim lerim, &c.
	cū lati simꝰ vel erimꝰ, &c.
plus (quam)ꝑf	cū latꝰ essē velissē, &c.
	cū lati essemꝰ issemꝰ.
futur.	cū latꝰ ero velfuero, &c.
	cūlati erimus, vel, &c.
Infi.	praesent. ferri.
ꝑfe.	& pluꝑf. latū esse, vel se.
futur.	latū iri, vel ferēdū esse.
Parti. Praeter.	Latus.
Parti. latter futur.	Ferēdus.

EDO.
Indic.	Edo, es, est.
p̄sent.	edimus, estis, edunt.
imꝑf.	edebam, bas, bat.
	bamus, batis, bant.
perfe.	edi, edisti, edit.
	dimꝰ, distis, derūt vel ere.
plus (quam)ꝑf	ede ram, ras, rat.
	ederamus, ratis, rant.
futu.	edam, edes, edet.
	edemus, edetis, edent.
Imꝑa.	ede, edat.
	amus, edite, vel este, edāt.
futur.	edito tu, edito ille.
	edamus, &c.
Opta.	vti. edā, edas, edat.
p̄sēt.	vti. edamus, edatis, edāt.
imꝑf.	vti. ederē, vel essem, &c.
	vti. ederemꝰ vel semꝰ, &c
ꝑfe.	vti. ederim, ris, rit.
	vti. rimus, ritis, rint.
pluꝑf.	vti. edissem, ses, set.
	vti. edissemus, setis, sent.
futur.	vti. edero, ris, rit.
	vti. ederimus, ritis, rint.
Cōiū.	cum edam, edas, edat.
p̄sent.	cū edamus, edatis, edant.
imꝑfe.	cū ederē, vel essem, &c.
	cū ederemus, vel semus.
perf.	cum ederim, ris, rit.
	cū ederimus, ritis, rint.
pluꝑf.	cum edissem, ses, set.
	cū edissemus, setis sent.
futur.	cum edero, ris, rit.
	cū ederimus, ritis, rint.
Infin̄. p̄sent.	Edere, vel esse.
perf. & pluꝑf.	edisse.
futur.	esurū esse. vel esum ire.
Gerū.	Edendi, do, dum.
Supi.	Esum, esu.
Parti. present.	Edens.
Perti. fyrst futur.	esurus.

FIO.
Indic.	¶Fio, fis, fit.
p̄sent.	fimus, fitis, fiunt.
imꝑf.	fiebam, bas, bat.
	fiebamus, batis, bant.
perfe.	factus sum vel fui, &c.
	facti sumꝰ vel fuimus, &c.
pluꝑfe.	factꝰ erā vel fuerā, &c.
	facti ramꝰ vel eramus, &c.
futur.	fiam, fies, fiet.
	fiemus, fietis, fient.
Impera.	Fi, fiat.
p̄sent.	fiamus, fite, fiant.
imꝑfe.	fito tu, f [...]to ille.
	fiam, fitote, fiūto, vel tote.
Opta.	vtinā fiam, fias, fiat.
p̄sent.	vti. fiamus, fiatis, fiant.
imꝑfe.	vti. fierem, res, ret.
	vti. fierimus, retis, rent.
perfe.	vti. fectꝰ sim, vel fuerim.
	vti. fctī simꝰ vel rimus, &c.
pluꝑfe.	vti. fctꝰeēm vel issem, &c.
	vti. fctī eēmꝰ l semus, &c.
futur.	vti fctū [...]ero l fuero, &c.
	vti. fctī erimus l rimus, &c.
Cō [...]ū.	cumfiam, fias, fiat.
p̄sent.	cum fiamus, fiatis, fiant.
imꝑfe.	cū fierem, res, ret.
	cū fieremus, retis, rent.
perfe.	cū factus sim l rim, &c.
	cū factus simus vel rimus, &c.
pluꝑf.	cū factꝰ eēm vel issē, &c.
	cū facti eēmus vel essemꝰ.
futur.	factus ero vel fuero, &c.
	cū fcti erimꝰ vel fuerimꝰ.
¶Infini. praesent.	fieri.
perfe. & pluꝑf.	factū esse velisse.
futur.	factū iri, vel faciēdū esse.
Supi.	factu.
Parti. preter.	factus.
Parti. latter	faciendus.

EO.
Indic.	Eo, is, it.
p̄sent.	imus, itis, eunt.
imꝑf.	ibam, ibas, ibat.
	ibamus, ibatis, ibant.
perfe	iui, iuisti, iuit.
	iuimus, istis, erūt vel ere.
pluꝑf.	iueram, iueras, iuerat.
	iueramus, ratis, rant.
futur.	ibo, ibis, ibit.
	ibimus, ibitis, ibunt.
Imꝑa.	l, eat.
p̄sent.	eamus, ite, eant.
futur.	ito tu, ito ille.
	eamus, itote, eūto vl tote.
Opta.	vti. eam, eas, eat.
p̄sent.	vti. eamus, eatis, eant.
imꝑf.	vti. irem, ires, iret.
	vti. remus, iretis, irent.
perfe.	vti. iuerim, ris, rit.
	vti. iuerimus, ritis, rint.
Plus (quam)ꝑf	vti. iuiss [...]m, ses, set.
	vti. iuiss [...]mu [...], s [...]tis, sent.
futur.	vti. iuero, iueris, iue [...]it.
	vt [...]. iuerimus, [...]itis, rint.
Cōiū.	cum eam, eas, eat.
p̄sent.	cū eamus, eatis, eant.
imꝑfe.	cum irem, ires, iret.
	cū iremꝰ, ir [...]tis, irent.
Perfe.	cū iuerī, iueris, iuerit.
	cū euerimus, ritis, rint.
pluꝑf.	cum iuiss [...]m, ses, set.
	cum iuiss [...]mus, setis, sent.
futur.	cumiuero, ris, rit.
	cum rimus, ritis, rint.
Infini. praesent.	ire.
ꝑfec & pluꝑf.	iuisse.
futur.	iturum esse.
Gerū.	eundi, do, dum.
Supi.	itum itu.
Parti.p̄sent.	iens, euntis.
fyrst futur.	iturus.

¶Lykewyse declyne Queo, and Nequeo.

¶Ista verba praecedentia, videlicet, Sum, Possum, Volo,

Nolo, Malo, Fero, Feror, Edo, Fio, Eo, Queo, & Nequeo, sunt anomola.

¶Verbes called defectyues.

¶A v (er)be defectyue is y^t lacketh in mode, tyme, nōbre, or ꝑsone. as these do / here folowynge.

¶Indicati. praesent. & perfe.: Memini, isti, meminit. nimꝰ, nisti [...], nerūt, lre. Infini.
pluꝑf.: memineram, ras, rat. ramus, ratis, rant.
¶Imperati. praesent. & futur.: memento tu. mementote vos.
¶Optati. perfe. & pluꝑfe.: vti. meminissē, ses, set. vti. nissemus, setis, sēt.
Cōiuncti. praesent. & perfec.: cū meminerim, ris, rit. cū rimus, ritis, rint.
pluꝑf.: cū meminissem, ses, set. cum semus, setis, sent.
futur.: cum meminero, ris, rit. cum rimus, ritis, rint.
Infini. praesent. imꝑf. ꝑfe. pluꝑf. &c.: meminisse.

¶Thus be declyned these thre verbes, Odi, Noui, Coepi.

¶Indicati. praesent.: Inqueo, & inquam, inquis, inquit.
plur.: inquiunt.
perfe.: sing. inquisti, inquit.
futur.: sing. inquiet.
¶Imꝑa. p̄sent. sing.: inque.
Parti. praesent.: inquiens.

¶Indicat. p̄sent.: Aio. ais, ait.
plur.: aiunt.
¶Imꝑa.: aiebā, bas. bat.
plur.: bamꝰ, batis, bāt.
Perf. sing: l. ait.
Futur. sing: l. aies.

¶Indica.: quaeso, quaesumus.
¶Infini,: quaes [...]re.

¶Imperati. praesent.: Aue,
plur.: auete.
Futur.: aueto tu.
plur.: auctote vos.
¶Infini.: auere.

¶Lykewyse Salue, & Vale.

¶Optati. & coniūcti.: forē, res, ret.
Infini,: fore

So lykewyse

a [...]forē, & cōforē.
Ausim, ausis, ausit. sint.
Faxo, faxis, faxit, xint.

¶Imꝑa. Cedo. i. dic. cedite.

pre. Indi. ¶Ouat. parti. ouās.

¶Indica. Explicit. expliciunt.

¶These .iiii. verbes. Diescit, Lucescit, Vesperascit, Noct [...] scit, be declyned by y^e thyrd persone synguler, lackyng y^e p̄ter perfytens w^t all other formed of the same.

¶Of y^e p̄terꝑfytēs of y^e īdicatyue mode be formed, y^e pluperfyt of y^e same, y^e p̄terperfyt / y^e preterpluperfyt / & y^e futur of y^e optatyue & cōiunctyue / & y^e pluperfyt of y^e infynytyue.

As of Amaui, is formed amauerā amaueri, amauero, amauissem, amauisse.

Ram, rim, ro, chaūgyng i, before the r, in to e. Sem, & se, holdyng i styll.

¶The .iiij. patre of speche called a partycyple.

A Partycyple cometh deryued of a verbe / & hath īsyg [...]cacyō moch y^e maner of his verbe / y^t be cometh of / & is declyned with case as a nowne.

¶Of a verbe actyue cometh two partycyples. one of y^e presentens, & an other of y^• fyrst future.

¶A partycyple of y^e presentens hath his englysh endyng in yng / as louyng. & his laten in ans, and ens, as Amās docen [...].

¶A partycyple of the fyrst futurtens hath his laten ending in rus and betokeneth to do lyke the infynytyue mode of the actyue voyce: as a maturus to loue, or about to loue.

¶Of a verbe passyue cometh two partycyples. one of the [Page] pretertens and an other of the latter future.

¶A partycyple of y^e pretertens hathe his englyshe endynge in d, t, or n: as loued / taught / slayne. And dis laten in tus, sus, or xus, as Amatus, visus, nexus.

¶A partycyple of the later futur hath his laten endynge in dus: and betokeneth to suffer lyke the infynytyue mode of y^e passyue voyce: as Amandus, to be loued.

¶Also of a verbe neuter cometh ii. partycyples: one of y^e presentēs, & of y^e fyrste futur: as of Seruio, cometh seruiens, seruiturus. ¶Of a verbe deponent cometh .iii. partycyples. one of the presentens, an other of the pretertens, and the thyrde of the fyrst futur: as of Auxilior, auxilians, auxiliatus, auxiliaturus. ¶ Of a verbe comen cometh .iiii. partycyples: as of Largior, largiens, largiturus, largitus, largiendus.

¶A ꝑtycyple of y^e p̄sentēs: as Amans, is formed of y^e p̄terīꝑfectēs Amabā, bā, turned in to ns: which maketh amās. ¶A ꝑtycyple of y^e fyrst futur: as Amaturꝰ, is formed of y^e later supyn amatu, rus, added to. whych maketh amaturus. ¶A ꝑtycyple of y^e p̄tertēs: as amatus, is form [...]d of y^e later supyn amatu, s, added to which maketh Amatꝰ. ¶A ꝑ [...]ycyple of y^e later futur: as amādꝰ, is formed of y^e genityue case of y^e ꝑtycyple p̄ sent amātis. tis, turned in to dꝰ, which maketh amādꝰ.

¶ All partycyples of y^e present tyme be of all gēders / & be declyned w^t .iii. artycles after y^e maner of y^e thyrde declenson of nownes, makyng y^e genytyue in is, y^e datyue in i. as in exā ple Amans, whiche is thus declyned.

Sing.

Ntō hic haec hoc amās.
Gtō huius amantis..
Dtō huic amanti.
Ac. hūc hāc tē & hoc ans.
Vctō o amans.
Ab. hoc hac hoc te, vel ti.

Plr.

Nō hi he ātes, & haecia.
Gtō horū atū o [...]ū, ānū.
Dtō his amantibus.
Ac. hos hases & haectia.
Vctō o amātes, & o tia.
Ab. his amantibus.

¶All partycyples of the preter tyme / & futur tyme be declyned as adiectyues hauyng .iii. termynacyons / as in exāple.

Sing.

[Page]N [...]ō amaturus, a, um.
Gtō amaturi, rae, ri.
Dtō amaturo. rae, ro.
Ac. amaturū, rā, rū.
Vctō amaturae, ra, rum.
Abltō amaturo, ra, ro.

Plr.

Ntō amaturi, rae, ra.
G [...]ō tu [...]otū, arū, orū.
Dtō amaturis.
Actō amaturos, ras, ra.
Vctō amaturi, rae, ra.
Ablatiuo amaturis..

¶So lykewyse Amatus, and Amandus.

¶Supynes.

¶There cometh of a verbe decyued a parte called a Supyne lyke the partycyple of y^e pretertens. these be two. y^e fyrst endeth in um: as of Amo, amatum, and his sygnyfycacyon is actyue / and is vsed with verbes betokening mouyng to a place: as I go to loue Margaret. Eo amatum Margareta. I come to loue Margaret. Venio amatum Margareram.

¶The seconde supyne endeth in u / as of Amo, amatu. & his sygnyfycaciō is passyue / & it is vsed w^t nownes adiect [...]ues: as. This thynge is worthy to be loued. Haecies est digna, amatu .i. que ametur. That thyng is easy to be done. Res illa est facilis factu, and it is vsed also w^t the cō paratyue. Est factu facilior. It is more eas [...] to be done. And with the superlatyue: as Est factu facillimum. It is moost easy to be done

¶Gerundyues.

¶There cometh also deriued out of a vbe a word called a gerundyue, much lyke y^e partycyple of y^e futur tyme in dus / & it hath case as a nowne / & it is cōstrued w^t suche case as y^e verbe that he conseth of: as Nō habeo causam amandite, Non est mihi animus placēdi tibi. and it hath signyfycacyō bothe actyue & passyue vnder one voyce.

¶We vse y^e gerūdyue in y^e genityue case actyuely: as in this englysh. I haue a grete desyre to teche y^e / good maner. Habeo magnū desideriū docendi te bonos mores, [Page] [...]: as in this englyshe. I haue a grete wyll to be taught rethoryke of the mayster. Habeo magnā voluntatem docendi rethoricam a praeceptore.

¶We vse y^e getūdyue ī y^e accusatiue case actyuely w^t this; p̄posyciō ad: as I go to rede. vado ad legēdū. Passyuely Salu. cūipse vocaret ass idue ad imꝑandu .i. vt eī imꝑet.

¶We vse the gerundyue in y^e ablatyue case actyuely: as sayenge. By redyng I lerne. Legendo disco. By rēnyng I fell, Currendo cecidi. and somtyme w^t a p̄posycion: as in defēdēdo malor labor est, (quam) in a accusando. Passyuely. Virgiliꝰ. Alitur vitiū, crescit (que) regēdo .i. dūtegit. Vyce is nourysshed / whā it is couered, Besyde these cometh decyued of a verbe a nowne callyd verball: as of Amo, amator. amatrix.

¶Finis Participii.

¶The .v. parte of a speche called an aduerbe.

AN aduerbe is a parte y^e accōpanyeth y^e [...]erbe / & declareth y^e maner & y^e cyrcūstaūs of y^e doyng / or of y^•luffcyng of y^e verbe: as sayeng. Amo. I loue. This may I say that I do it in tyme: as. Amo hodie. ¶In place as. Amo hic. ¶with other: as. amo tecū, vobiscū. ¶Moch or lytest: as Amo multū, amo parū. ¶Lyke another: as Amo sicut tu. ¶In ordre: as. Primo disca deīde amabo. ¶I maye saye it affermyngly: as. Certe amo ¶And denyengly: as. Non amo. ¶And shewyngly: as. Ecce amo. ¶And wysshynly: as. vtinā amem. ¶And oftēly: as Amaui semel vel bis. ¶And exhortyngly: as. Age ama. ¶And questyonly: as. Quare nō amas? ¶And doutīgly as. Fortassis vel for sitan amo. ¶And callīgly: as. Heus amas ne? ¶And sweryngly: as. Ocamo. ¶And sweryngly: as. Hercle amo. ¶And chosyngly: as. Amo potius Therentiā (quam) Corneliam. ¶And felowly togyder: as Amo simul cū Ioanne. ¶And forbedyngly: as. Ne ames [Page] moneo. ¶And cōparyngly: as Amo minus, (quam) soleo.

¶There be comparysons in aduerbes: as. Amo insane, amo insanius, amo insanissime.

¶Nownes yf they declare y^e maner & the cyrcūstaūte of the verbe, than they sounde aduerbyally: as. Thomas in cedit superbe, Magister legit docte.

¶The .vi. parte of speche called a coniunccyon.

A Coniunccyō is y^t byndeth wordes and sentences togyder. ¶Cōiuncciōs some couple: as. Et, (que), at (que)

¶Some dysioyne: as ye, and vel, ¶Some fulfyll: as. nam (que), quo (que). ¶Some dymynysshe: as. Saltem.

¶Some contynue as si. ¶Some shewe the cawse: as enim. ¶Some approue: as equidem. ¶Some conclude: as. Ita (que). ¶Some betoken choyce: as (quam). as Malo diues esse (quam) pauper. ¶Som turne y^e tale: as quan (quam), (quam)uis, tamē

¶Some shewe let and impedyment: as. Nisi.

¶Some conferme / suꝑaddyng: as Quin, alioquin, imo.

¶Some questyon: as An? ne?

¶The .vij. parte of speche callyed a preposycyon.

A Preposycyō is a parte of speche put before other wordes: other ioyned to y^e wordꝭ in cōpoūdes: as Indoctus or asondre frō y^e word: as Coram deo. determī nig thē to y^e accusatyf case / or to y^e ablatyf case / or to both

¶The accusatyue case.

¶Ad	patrem.
Apud	villam.
Ante	aedes.
Aduersum	inimicos.
Cis	rhenum.
Citra	forum.
Circum	vicinos.
Circa	templum
Contra	hostem.
Erga	propinquos.
Extra	terminos.
Inter	naues.
Intra	moenia.
Infra	tectum.
Iuxta	macellum.
Ob	augurium.
Pone.	tribunal.
Per	parietem.
Prope	fenestram.
Propter	disciplinam.
Secundum	fores.
Post	terga.
Trans	ripam.
Vltra	f [...]nes.
Praeter	officium.
Supra	coelum.
Circiter	annos.
çe via [...]cit in bem. tespes Vs (que)	oceanum.
Secus	viam.
Penes	arbitros.
Clam	custod bu [...].
De	foro.
E	rure.
Ex	praefect ira.
Pro	clientibus.
Prae.	timore.
Palam	omnibus.
Sine	labore.
Abs (que)	iniuria.
Tenus	pube.

¶To them bothe.

¶In w^t this sygne to / to y^e actiue case. And w^tout this sygne to / to y^e ablatyue case.

¶To the ablatyue case.

¶A	domo.
Ab	homine.
Ab	hoste.
Abs	te.
Cum	exercitu.
Coram	tistibus.
Sub	occasum solis.
	Iudice lis est.
Super	Lapidem sedeo.
	fronde viridi.
Subter	terra pugn [...]ū [...].
	Aqua natar.

¶The .viii. parte of speche called an interieccyon.

AN interieccyō i [...] a soūde or voyce y^t drasteth out in speche, betokenynge the affectyō of y^e mynde.

¶Somtyme shewyng the myrth. as Euax. ¶Somtime to sorow: as Heu. ¶Somtyme the hope: as O.

¶Somtyme y^e drede: as Atat. ¶Somtyme y^e meruaylelynge: as Pape. ¶Somtyme y^e dysdaynyng: as Vah.

¶Somtyme cryenge: as Proh. ¶Somtyme cursynge: as Veh. ¶Somtyme mockynge: as Euge. ¶Somtime laughynge: as Ha, ha. ¶Somtyme otherwyse after y^• maner and propertees of euery language.

[Page]¶These be the .viij. partes of speking which for and introduccion of chyldren in to laten speche. I haue thus compyled / dygested & declared: prayng god y^t yt may profyte to y^e more spedy lernīg of yonge begīners, fynally to his honoure: to whom be all prayse & glory w^tout ende Amē.

OF these .viij. partes of speche in order well cōstrued be made reasons & sentences & long oracions. But how / & in what maner / & w^t what cōstruccion of wordes & all y^e varyetees & dyuersytees & chaūges in latē speche (whiche be innumerable) yf ony man wyll knowe / & by that knowlege attayne to vnderstand laten bokes / & to speke & to wryte the clene laten. Let hym aboue all besyly lerne & rede good latē authours of chosen poetes & oratours, & note wysely how they wrote & spake / and study alway to folow thē / desyrīg none other rulers / but their examples. For in y^e begynnyng / men spake not laten bycause such rulers were made but cōtrary wyse / bycause mē spake such laten. Vpō y^e folowed y^e rules were made. That is to say laten speche was before y^e ruled / not y^e rules before y^e latē speche. Wherfore welbeloued maysters & techers of grāmer after y^e partes of speche suffycyently knowē in our scholes, Rede & expound playnly vnto your scholers good authors / & shewe to thē euery worde / and in euery sentence what they shall note and obserue / warnyng thē besyly to folow & to do lyke bothe in wrytyng & in sockynge. & be to them your owne self also spekyng w^t thē y^e pure laten veray present / & leue the rules. For redynge of good bokes / dylygent informacyon of taughte maysters studyous aduertēce & takīg hede of lerners / heryng eloquēt mē speke / & fynally besy imytacyon w^t tongue & penne more auayleth shortly to gete y^e true eloquēt speche, than all the tradycyons / rules and preceptes of maysters.

¶Explicit Coleti aeditio.

[Page]

¶Guillelmi Lilii Angli Rudimenta.

¶To make latyn.

WHan I haue an englysh to be turned in to laten / I shall reherse it twyes / or thryes / and loke out the verbe.

¶The verbe.

¶I may know y^e verbe by one of these wordes: do, dyd, haue, had, wyl, shall, wold, shold, may, might, am, atte, is, be, was, were, can, coud, let, it, or must. Whiche stande eyther a sīygnes before y^e verbe / or ellys they be vbes thē self. I call them verbes comynly whā a nowne or pronowne foloweth after them.

¶If there come none of these sygnes in y^e reasō / y^e word y^t āswerer ūto this questiō / what do I / thou / or he. what dy [...] I thou / or he &c / shall be the verbe.

¶The pryncypall verbe.

¶If there be mo verbes than one in y^e reason / y^• fyrst is y^• pryncypal vbe: so yt be none infinytyue mode / nor verbe hauing before hym ony relatyue / aduerbe / or coniunccyon: that causeth the reason to hange as Qui, y^e whiche Gun [...], whan. Vt, t [...]at.

¶The verbe personall.

¶Whan I knowe my verbe / I must loke whyther it be personall or imꝑsonall. Yf yt be personall / it must haue a noīatyue case ioyned w^t hym expressed or vnderstāded

¶The nominatyue case.

¶The nominatyue case cometh before y^e verbe & answereth to this questyon who / or what, rehersed with the verbe: as. The mayster loueth his scolets. This worde mayst et / is y^• nominatyue case. for i [...] answereth to this questyon / who loueth.

¶The nominatyue case after the verbe.

¶Sōtime y^e noīatiue case cometh after y^e verbe / or after y^e sygne of y^e verbe / as in reasons interrogatyues / imꝑatyues, [Page] and in reasons hauynge it / or There / with suche other before y^e vbe: as thus. Cometh y^e kynge? or dothe y^e kynge come? Venit ne rex? Gowe / or let vs go. Eamꝰ. There standeth a mā in the dore. Stat quidā apud ost [...]ā It is my brother. Est frater meus.

¶The relatyue.

¶The relatyue Qui, whose englyshe is euer, whiche, whose, whom, or y^t, betokenyng y^e which, cometh before the verbe / what [...]o euer case it be? and reporteth a thyng goynge before called the Antecedent.

¶The antecedent.

¶The antecedent is a worde goyng before the relatyue and answereth to this questyon who / or what, reh [...]rsed with the verbe. as I loue Edwarde / whiche techeth me. this worde, Edward, is the antecedent. for it answereth to this questyon, who techeth.

¶The case of the relatyue.

¶Whan there cometh no nominatyue case betwyxt the relatyue and the verbe, than the relatyue shall be the nomynatyue case to the verbe.

¶Whā there cometh a nominatyue case betwyxt the relatyue & y^e vbe, than the relatyue shall be suche case as y^e verbe wyll haue after hym: of whom he is gouerned: as

It is a man, whom I loue.: Est vir, quem diligo.
whom I desyre to se.: Quem cupio videre.
whom I pytye.: Cuius misereor.
whom I fauour.: Cui faueo.
whom I vse famylyerly.: Quo vtor familiariter.
whose wytte I commende: Cuius ingenium laudo.

¶The nownes interrogatyues.

All nownes interrogatyues & infinytes: as, Quis, Vter Qualis, Quantus, Quot, Quotus, &c. folowe the rule of the relatyue. For they come euer before the verbe / & be y^• nominatyue case to y^e verbe. Yf none other nominaty [...]e case folow. If ony nominatyue case folowe they be such [Page] case as the verbe wyll haue after hym / of whom they be gouerned.

¶The verbe īpersonall.

¶Verbes impersonalles haue no nominatyue case before them. And this worde / it, is comynly the sygne of a verbe impersonall. as in example.

It is necessary, it must.: Oportet.
It besemeth.: Decet.
It delyteth.: Delectat, Iuuat.
It repenteth.: Poenitet.
It lothe.: Taedet, Piget.
It pytyeth.: Miseret, Miserescit.
It shameth.: Pudet.
It lyketh.: Libet.
It pleaseth.: Placet.
It is lefull.: Licet.

It happeneth / or fortuneth. Accidit, Euenit, Contingit, Obtingit. It longeth / or perteyneth. Interest, Refert.

It is profytable / or expedyent. Expedit, Confert, Conducit.

And all other lyke impersonalles: as these.

It thondreth.: Tonat.
It lyghtneth.: Fulminat.
It rayneth: Pluit.
It hayleth: Grandinat.
It freseth.: Gelascit.
It thaweth.: Regelascit.
It snoweth.: Ningit.
It is day.: Diescit.
It is nyght.: Noctescit
It is lyght.: Lucescit.

¶It before the englysh of Sum, es, fui, other whyle is no sygne of impersonall: as it is my boke. Est liber meus.

¶Also Sum, es, fui, hath a genytyf case after them / whā it sygnyfyeth possessyon: as this is my fathers garment Haec est vestis patris.

[Page]¶Or whā Sum sygnyfyeth to ꝑteyne to ony thy [...]g: as it ꝑteyneth to a kyng to defense y^e lawes. Regū est [...]ueri leges, It is for a wyse mā to cloke many thyngis, Prudentis est multa dissimulare.

Som impersonalles haue no sygne before them / & than the worde y^t semeth to be the nominatyue case shall be suche case as the verbe wyll haue after hym: as these.

I must.: Me oportet.
I delyte.: Me delectat. Iuuat.
I am ashamed.: Me pudet.
I pyte.: Me miseret
I repēt.: Me poenitet
I may.: Michi licet.

¶The impersonalles made personalles.

Verbes impersonalles may be made personalles by the reason of an infynyte mode / or some other thynge / comynge after them as it delyteth me to studye. Delectat me studere. This word, to study, may be y^e noīatyue case It is expedyēt that thou come. Expedit vt venias. This reason, that thou come / may be the nominatyue case.

¶To before the verbe.

¶To before a verbe is the sygne of y^e infynytyue mode: as I couet to synge. Cupio cantare, but y^e same englysh / answerynge to this questyon wherfore, or what to do / is made by the cōiunctyue mode w^t vt, as he prayeth me to synge. Rogat me, vt cantem.

¶And y^e englysh of the infynityue after tempus, causa, gratia, spacium, locus, libertas, and suche other is made a gerūdyue in di, as lycens to synge. Libertas cantand [...].

¶After verbes neutres thus. They come to synge. Veniūt gr̄a cātandi. ad cantā dū, cātaturi, cantatū vt cantēt.

¶The thre concordes.

¶These thyng is before rehersed / dylygētly examyned, I m [...]st knowe the thre cōcordes of grāmer. of the which the fyrst is betwyxt the nominatyue case / & the verbe. The seconde betwyxte the adiectyue and the substātyue. The thyrde betwyxt the r [...]latyue & the antecede [...]t. Where is to be noted, that as y^e worde answeryng to the [Page] questyon of the verbe / is the nominatyue case: so y^e word answeryng to the questyon of the adiectyue / is the substantyue. And the worde answeryng to the questyon of the relatyue is the antecedent.

The fyrst concorde.

¶The verbe shal agree with the nominatyue case in .ij. nomber and persone: as Ego doceo, Vos luditis.

¶The seconde concorde.

The adiectyue shall agre w^t y^e substantyue in thre. Case, gendre, and nomber: as Vir bonus, Mulier honesta.

¶The thyrd concorde.

¶The relatyue shal agre w^t his antecedēt in thre. Gēdre nōbre, & ꝑsone: as Repudio cōsiliū, quod priusintēderā.

¶Dyuers rulers longyng to the fyrst cōcorde.

¶The fyrst rule.

¶Two substantyues synguler or moo / with a cōiuncciō copulatyue comynge bytwene includeth y^e plurell nōber.

Two nominatyue cases synguler wyll haue a verbe plurell: as Pater & praeceptor accersunt te.

Two substantyues synguler wyl haue an adiectyue plurell: as Virgilius & Terentius sunt docti.

Two antecedentes synguler wyll haue a relatyue plurell: as Petrus & Georgius, quos quaeris, adsunt.

In rebus animatis, substātyues of lyke gender wyll haue an adiectyue of the same gendre. In rebus inanimatis, al way y^e neutre gēdre: as Victꝰ & cultꝰsūt hōi necessaria.

¶The seconde rule.

¶Whan substantyues coupled togyder / be of dyuers gē ders / dyuers nombers / or dyuers ꝑsones, the verbe / the adiectyue / or relatyue shal agree with the more worthy

The fyrst persone is more worthy than the seconde or y^e thyrde: as Ego & tu disputamus.

The seconde persone is more worthy thā the thyrde: as Tu & Cicero valetis.

In rebusanimatis. the masculyne is more worthy than y^• [Page] feminyne or the neutre: as Vir & mulier magni.

The feminyne is more worthy thā the neutre: as Lena, & scortum sunt impudicae.

In rebus inanimatis, the neutre is more worthy than the masculyne / or the feminyne: as Genus, aetas, eloquentia, prope aequalia fuere.

The plurell nomber is more worthy than the synguler: Vina, Venus (que), no cent

¶The thyrde rule.

¶Zeugma.

¶Also the verbe / the adiectyue / or relatyue / may agree with y^e next substātyue, whyther they be put in y^e begynnyng / in the myddes / or in the ende of the reason. ¶In the begynnyng thus. Dum fauet nox, & venus.

In the myddys: as Coeli mouendi sunt, & terra.

In the ende: as Mens, ratio, & consilium in senibus est.

¶The fourth rule.

¶The adiectyue put substantyuely

¶An adiectyue, standyng without a substantyue shal be put in the neutre gendre substātyuely. as It is good Bonum est. Lykewyse yf this word thīg come after an adiectyue. as a delectable thynge. Delectabile.

¶The fyfth rule.

¶Adiectyues with a genityue case.

¶Som adiectyues put in the neutre gendre, may turne theyr substātyues in to the genityue case. Of this kynde be they y^e answere to this questyō, how moche. Quantū. as Multū, plus, plurimū, nihil, parū. or elles that endeth in c / or ī d: as Istuc, Illud, Id, Hoc. w^t theyr cōpoūdes: as

Moche wyne: Multum vini
More breed: Plus panis
This myschyef.: Hoc mali.
How moche credence.: Quantum fidei
As moch credence, as money: Tantū fidei, quātū pecuniae.

Moche babelynge, lytell wysdom. Multū eloquentiae, sapientiae parum. More oyle thā wyne. Plus olei, (quam) vini.

[Page]

¶The .vi. rule.

¶Relatyues put dyuersly.

¶The relatyue otherwhyle may agree in case with the substātyue folowynge dyuers wayes: as Vrbem quam statuo vestra est.

¶The .vii. rule.

A The relatyue betwyxte .ij. substātyues of dyuers gēdres longynge to one thynge / may agre with eche of thē: as Per (que) tuos manes, qui m [...]hi nomen erant.

¶If the one be a propre name / the relatyue shal agre w^t hym alone: as Est locus in carcere, quod Tullianū appellatur.

¶ Somtyme the relatyue is referred to y^e pronowne primatyue vnderstande in his poss [...]ssyue: as Laudare fortunas meas; qui haberē fl [...]m tali [...]ngenio praed tū.

¶ The knowlege of the oblyque cases.

¶The genytiue case.

¶ The genityue case answereth to these que [...]iōs: whose, of whom, wherof, or of what. so y^t the answere be ioyned with a nowne.

¶ Whose.: as, Georges father. Pa [...]er Georgi.
¶Of whome.: as, Connyngrest of all m [...]n. Dec [...]iss [...]mus omnium.
¶ Of what, wherof.: as, A louer of vertue. Amator virtutis. ¶ If the answere be ioyned with a verbe / it shall be the ablatyue case with a preposycyon.
¶ Of whom, wherof.: as, He speketh of me. Loquitur de me. Of my maters. De rebus meis. ¶ Verbes of accusynge haue a genityue case betokenīge the cryme: as, he is accused of thefte / of sacrylege. Accusatus est suiti, sacril [...]g [...].

¶The datyue case.

[Page]¶The datyue case answereth to this question, to whom or to what. so y^t it include no mouynge. as I agre to the Assentior tibi. A greuous thynge to me. Mihi molestū.

¶The accusatyue case.

¶The accusatyue case answereth to this questyon: who or what. and cometh after the verbe. as Suplice techeth grammer. Sulpitius docet grammaticam.

Polydory wryteth a story.

Polydorus scribit historiam.

¶Of this rule folow dyuers excepcyons.

¶The fyrst excepcyon.

¶Som verbes wyll haue suche case after them as they haue before them: as Sum, es, fui. And verbes of namīg. as Nominor, appellor, vocor, dicor. Vergyll is a poeet. Virgilius est poeta. My broder is named Peter. Frater nominatur Petrus.

¶The seconde excepcyon.

¶Some verbes wyll haue a genityue case after thē: as Misereor, Miseresco, Satago.

Some a genityue or an accusatyue: as Memini, Memoror, Reminiscor, Recordor. to remembre. Obliuiscor, to forgete.

¶The thyrde excepcyon.

¶Some verbes wyll haue a datyue case after them▪

¶Occurro	Inseruio	Presideo	Patrocinor,
Obuiā venio,	Subseruio,	Dominor,	Med [...]cor,
Obuius sum.	Famulor.	Moderor.	Medeor,
to mete.	to serue.	to rule.	Adsum.
Studeo,	Assentior,	Succurro,	Faueo,
Vaco.	Adulor,	Subuenio,	Aspiro,
Inuigilo,	Blandior,	Auxilior,	Prospitio.
Incumbo.	Palpor.	Opitulor,	to helpe.
to applye.	to flatter.	adminiculor,	Obsto,
Seruio,	Impero,	Suffragor,	Resisto,
Repugno,	to passe.	Indulgeo,	to thretten ▪
Reclamo,	Accidit,	to obey.	Illudo,
Resto,	Contingit,	Noceo,	Impono.
Refragor,	Obtingit,	Incommodo,	to mocke.
Obluctor,	Euenit,	Obsum,	Placeo,
Aduersor,	to happen ▪	Offico,	Faueo,
Reluctor,	Obedio,	to noy.	Indulgeo.
Insidior,	Obtempero,	Credo,	Parco,
to withstāde.	Obsequor,	Fido,	to fauour.
or to cōtrarye.	Pareo,	Confido,	Conducit.
Antecello,	Ausculto,	Fidem habeo,	Prodest,
Praecello,	Cedo,	to trust.	Expedit,
Excello,	Morē gero,	Minor,	Confert.
Praeniteo,	Morigero,	Minitor,	Commodo
Praesto,	Obsecūdo,	Interminor,	to profyte.

Cōpoūdes of Sum. es, fui. Also verbes cōpounded with satis, bene, male, as Satisfacio, Benedico, Maledico, Libet, Licet, Conuenit.

¶The fourth excepcyon.

Some verbes haue an ablatyue case after them: as

Careo,	Fungor,	Vescor,	Fruor,
Potior,	Vtor,	Abutor,	Abundo.

¶The ablatyue answereth to this questyon.

¶How: as.: I dyd in sporte. Feci ioco.
¶Whan. as.: I came at one of the clocke. Veni hora prima.
¶How longe tyme as.: I haue taryed .iij. houres. Māsi tribꝰ horis, vl tres horas.
¶How farre h [...]ns. as.: It is from the Cytie x. myle. Abest ab vrbe decem milibus passuum, vel decem milia.
¶Wherat. as.: [Page]He playeth at the ball. Ludit pila.
¶Where in / as.: He passeth in wysdom. Antecellit doctrina.
¶Wherby / as.: By vnyte small thynges dothe encrease. Concordia, paruae rescrescunt.
¶Wherwyth / as.: He hath ouercharged hys stomake wyth meet. Onerauit stomachum cibo.
¶From what / as.: He absteyneth from wyne. Abstinet vino.
¶For how mych / betokenyng pryce. as.: I bought yt for .x. shyllynges. Emi decem solidis. Not withstādyng we say. Emi tanti, quanti, pluris, minoris, in the genytyue & so in theyr compoundes.
¶Than whom / as.: He is elder than thou. Est maior te natu.
¶By how moche / as.: By foure yere. Quatuor annis.
¶The ablatyue case absolute.: A nowne or a pronowne ioyned with a partycyple expressed or vnderstond hauynge no thynge to be gouerned of / is y^e ablatyue case absolute / as I slepynge / thou drynkest. Me dormiente, tu bibis.

¶Cases with preposycyons.

¶A nowne answerynge to this questyō whether / is y^e accusatyue case with Ad, or In, as I go in to y^e chāber. Eo in cubiculum. I come from my chamber. Redeoa cubiculo.

¶To this questyon where / is the ablatyue w^t in / as: I was in my chamber. Eram in cubiculo.

¶Names of townes.

¶Yf the nowne be a proper name of a towne / yt hath no preposycyon / as I go to Rome, to Venys [Page] Eo Romā, Venetias. Rus & domꝰ, be lyke wyse vsed I com frō Rome / frō Venys. Redeo Roma, Venetiis. I came from the coūtre / from home. V [...]ni rure, domo

¶Yf y^e nowne that answereth to this questyō (where) be y^e fyrst / or y^e seconde declenson / & synguler nomber / it is y^e genytyue case. as I dwell at Rome / at Yorke. Maneo Romae, Eboraci. ¶And also these four nownes Domus, humus, militia, bellum, folow the same rule. Elles yf it be y^e thyrde declenson and plurel nomber / it shall be put in y^e ablatyue case. as I studyed at athenes Neaples / Fesulys. &c. Studui Athenis, Neapoli, Fesulis. And one nown in y^e datyue as he dwelleth vplond / or in the countre. Manetruri.

¶FINIS.

¶Carmen Guillelmi Lilii, ad disci­pulos de moribus.QVi mihi discipulus puer es, cupis at (que) doceri,
Huc ades, hec animo concipe dicta tuo
¶Mane citus lectum fuge, mollem discute somnum.
Templa petassupplex, & venerare deum.
At tamen in primis facies sit lota, manus (que).
Sint nitidae vestes, compta (que) caesaries.
¶Desidiam fugiens, cum te schola nostra vocarit,
Ad sis, nullae pigrae sit tibi causa morae.
Mepreceptorem cum videris, ore saluta.
Et condiscipulos ordine quos (que) tuos.
¶Tu quo (que) fac sedeas, vbi te sedisse iubemus.
In (que) loco, nisi sis iussus abire, mane.
At magis vt quis (quam) doctrinae munere claret.
Sic magis is clara sede locanduserit.
¶Scalpellum, ralami, atramentum, charta, libelli.
[Page]Sint semper studiisarma parata tuis.
Si quid dictabo scribes, at singula recte,
Nec macula aut scriptismenda sit vlla tuis.
Sed tua nec laceris dictata aut carmina chartis
Mardes, quae libris inseruisse decet.
¶Sepe recognoscas tibi lecta, animo (que) reuoluas.
Si dubites, nunc hos consule, nunc alios.
Qui dubitat, qui sepe rogat, mea dicta tenebit.
Isqui nil dubitat, nil capit inde boni.
Disce puer quaeso, noli dediscere quic (quam),
Ne mens te insimulet conscia desidie.
Sis (que) animo attentus, quid enim docuisse iuuabit.
Si mea non firmo pectore verba praemis▪
Nil tam difficile est, qu [...]d non solertia vincat.
Inuigila, & parta est gloria militiae.
Nam veluti flores tellus nec semina profert.
Quin sit continuo victa labore manus.
Sic puer ingenium, si non exercitet ipsum,
Tempus & amittet, spem simul ingenii.
¶Est etiam semper lex in sermone tenenda.
Ne non offendat improba garrulitas.
Incumbens studio submissa voceloqueris.
Nobis dum reddis, voce canoruseris.
Et quecun (que) mihi reddis, discantur ad vnguem,
Singula & abiecto ver bula red de libro.
Nec verbum quis (quam) dicturo suggerat vllum.
Quod puero exitium non mediocre parit.
Si quic (quam) rogito, sic respondere studebis.
Vt laudem dictis & mereare decus.
Non lingua celeri nimis aut laudabere tarda.
Est virtus medlum quod tenuisse [...]uat.
Et quoties loquens, memor esto loquare latine.
[Page]Etscopulos veluti, barbara verba fuge.
¶Praeterea socios, quoties te cun (que) rogabunt▪
Instrue, & ignaros ad mea vota trahe.
Qui docet indoctos, licet indoctissimus esset,
Ipse breui reliquis doctior esse potest.
Sed tu nec stolidos imitabere grammaticastros,
Ingens Romani dedecus eloquii.
Quorum tam fatuus nemo aut tam barbarus ore est,
Quem non authorem barbara turba probet.
Grammaticas recte si vis cognoscere leges,
Discere si cupias cultius ore loqui.
Addiscas veterum clarissima dicta virorum,
Et quos authores turba latina docet.
Nūc te Virgilius, nunc ipse Therentius optat,
Nunc simul amplecti te Ciceronis opus.
Quos qui non didicit, nil praeter somnia vidit,
Certat & in tenebris viueri Cimeriis.
Sunt quos delectat studio virtutis honestae,
Posthabito, nugis tempora conterere.
Sunt quibus est cordi man [...]bus pedibus ve sodales,
Aut alio quouis sollicitare modo.
¶Est alius, qui se dum clarum sanguine iactet,
Insulso reliquis exprobet ore genus.
Te tam parua sequi nolim vestigia morum,
Ne tandem factis praemia digna feras.
¶Nil dabis, aut vendes, nil permutabis, emesve,
Ex damno alterius commoda nulla feres.
Insuper & nummos irrimenta malorum,
Mitte aliis, puerum nil nisi pura decent.
Clamor, rixa, ioci, mendatia, furta, cachinni,
Sint procul a vobis, Martis & arma procul.
¶Nil penitus dices quod turpe, aut non sit honestum,
[Page]Est vitae acpariter ianua lingua necis.
Ingens crede nephas cui (quam) maledicta referre,
Iurare aut magni numina sacra Dei.
¶Deni (que) seruabis res omnes, at (que) libellos,
Et tecum, quoties, is (que) reddis (que) feras.
Effuge vel causas, faciunt quae cun (que) nocentem,
In quibus & nobis diplicuisse potes.
¶FINIS.

¶Ioan. Rituissi. Tetrastichon.

Viuere perpetuis si possunt nomina chartis:

Ac cineri quen (quam) est fas superesse suo,

Crede tuo hoc Lili, doctrinenae munere claro.

Dignus es aeterno posteritate frui.

¶Richardus Vernamus Pauline scholae alumnus.

Quisquisadest latiam cupiens contexere linguam,

Nostra (que) doctiloquis verba referre modis,

Hunc emat, hunc tenero perstringat corde libellum,

Pollice quem facili Lilius aediderat.

¶Richardus Gunsonus.

Quae tibi grammatici scriptis peperere uetusti,

Ecce refert eadem tam breuis iste liber.

Quem si forte velis studiosa euoluere mente.

Ipse puer credo ꝙ cito doctus eris.

¶Excusum per me Petrum Treneris

anno verbi incarnati Milesimo quingētesimo v [...]gesimo .ix. die mēsis lunii quarto.

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Rudimenta grammatices et docendi methodus non tam scholæ Gypsuichianæ per reuerendissimum. D. Thoma[m] cardinale[m] Ebor. feliciter institutæ q[uam] o[mn]ibus aliis totius Anglie scholis prescripta. — Aeditio

Author: Colet, John, 1467?-1519.1529

PRIMAE CLASSIS ME­THODVS ⸫

SECVNDAE CLASSIS.

TERTIAE CLASSIS.

QVARTAE CLASSIS.

QVINTAE CLASSIS.

SEXTAE CLASSIS.

SEPTIMAE CLASSIS.

OCTAVAE CLASSIS.

¶Fides:

¶The artycles of the fayth▪

¶The seuen sacramentys.

Charyte.

¶The loue of god.

¶The loue of thyn ownself.

¶ To loue of thy neyghbour.

¶ Penaunce.

¶ Howselynge.

¶ In sekenesse.

¶ In deth.

¶ Preceptes of lyuynge.

¶Simbolum apostolorum.

¶ORATIO DOMINICA.

¶SALVTATIO ANGELICA:

¶Oratuncula ad puerum IESVM. Scholae praesidem.

¶The fyrst parte called a nowne.

¶The dyuysyon of nownes.

¶ The dyuysyon of a nowne substantyue.

¶The nomber of nownes.

¶The cases in to which nownes be declyned.

¶The fyrst declynacyon of nownes.

¶The .ii. declynacyon of nownes.

¶The .iii. declynacyon of nownes.

¶The .v. declynacyon of nownes.

¶The declynacyons of adyectiues moost cōmili.

¶The gendred of nownes.

¶Artycles.

¶Comparacyons of nownes.

¶The formynge of the comparatyue.

¶The seconde parte of speche cal­led a Pronowne.

¶The fyrst declynacyon of pronownes. ¶These .iij. Ego, tu, sui, be thus declyned.

¶The seconde declynacyon. ¶These .v. Iste, Ille, Ipse, Hic, and Is, be thus declyned.

¶The thyrde declynacyon. ¶These .v. Meꝰ, Tuꝰ, Suꝰ, Nr̄, & Vester, be declyned as nownes adiectyues of .iij. termynacyōs on this vyse.

¶The fourth declynacyon. ¶These two Nostras and Vestras, he thus declyned.

¶Genders.

¶Persones.

¶The thyrde parte of speche called a verbe.

¶Kyndes of verbes.

¶The declynacyons of verbes.

¶Modes.

¶Tenses.

¶Coniugacyons.

¶The fyrst coniugacyon. ¶AMO.

¶Mode indicatyue in tyme.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

¶Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

¶AMOR. [Page] ¶Mode indycatyue in tyme.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

¶The seconde coniugacyon. ¶DOCEO.

¶Mode indicatyue in tyme.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

¶Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

¶Mode infinytyue in tyme.

¶DOCEOR. ¶Mode indicatyue in tyme.

¶Mode imperatyue in tyme.

¶Mode optatyue in tyme.

Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

¶Mode infynytyue in tyme.

¶The thyrde coniugacyon. ¶LEGO.

¶Mode indycatyue in tyme.

¶The imperatyue in tyme.

¶Mode optytyue in tyme.

¶Mode coniunctyue in tyme.

PRIMAE CLASSIS METHODVS ⸫

¶The seconde parte of speche called a Pronowne.