Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consul. Epist. 1.

IN all my endeuours on your behalfe, and espe­cially in my deuoted affection towards you; I satisfie all other men, yet neuer satisfie my sel [...]e: For, you haue so well deserued of me; because you neuer left my businesse [...]ill 'twas effected: that I, not hauing the like successe in yours, finde my life di­ [...]tastfull to me. The reasons are these [Page 2] Ammonius the Kings Ambassadour ma­nifestly withstands vs by money; And the businesse is carried by those Credi­tors who had the managing thereof while you were present. There are but few, if any, that are inclining to the Kings suite, and they all will haue the businesse referred to Pompeius. The Se­nate giues way to the brute raised of the Religion, not for the Religion, but for iust disdaine, and hatred, taken a­gainst the Kinges briberie or corrupti­on. We cease not to exhort and intreat Pompeius, and in conclusion, freely to reprehend him, and to admonish him that he draw not on him so great an in­famie. But my entreaties and aduertise­ments are needlesse: for, as well in his priuate discourses, as openly in the Se­nate, he hath so carried your cause, that no man could with greater eloquence, grauitie, endeuour, or earnestnesse haue pleaded it; acknowledging your fa­uour to him; and his loue to you in the best fashion he was able. You know you haue displeased Marcellinus. Yet, this cause of the Kings excepted, h [...] makes plaine demonstration, that in a­ny other occasion hee will fauour you to the vtmost of his abilitie. And we are contented with his pleasure. Ther [...] hath beene no meanes to make him al [...]ter his course about the religion. Thi [...] is the state of the business [...], till the thir [...]teenth [Page 3] of Ianuarie, in the morning of which day, I wrote these. Hortentiu [...] and I, and Lucullus, touching the Armie, let the religion carrie it: (for otherwise we should doe nothing,) yet remitting our selues to the order made when you propounded the matter; we stand for you: that the Senate may commit vnto you the charge of restoring the King without the Armie, as the Religion re­quireth: so that you may doe it with­out indangering the Common wealth. Crassus chooseth three Ambassadours, not excluding Pompeius: for my mea­ning is of such as haue publicke au­thoritie: Bibulus also three Ambassa­dours, priuate Cittizens, and with him agree the other Consulars, except Ser­uilius; (who holdeth that in no case he should be restored;) And Volcatius, (who consenting with Lupus chooseth Pompeius:) and Afranius, (who assen­teth to V [...]lcatius:) which thing aug­menteth the suspition of the intention of Pompeius. For it is found, that Pom­peius friends agree vnto the opinion of Volcatius. The difficulties are manie; and the businesse beginnes to grow doubtfull: The manifest, and earnest practises of Libon and Hipsaeus, and the great desire of all Pompeius friends, be­wray the hidden fire of his ambition, to haue the managing of this businesse. And they that contradict him, are not [Page 4] friends to you, who haue so much ex­tolled him. My authoritie herein is the lesse, by reason of my obligation to you. And the impression which men haue made touching Pompeius intenti­on drowneth my fauours, they surmi­sing, that they shall gratifie him by this occasion. Things are now in the same estate with vs, as they were long be­fore your departure; being as w [...]ll by the King himselfe, as by the intimate, and domesticke acquaintance of Pom­peius priuily corrupted: afterwards by the Consulars openly sifted, and mad [...] exceeding hainous, and reproa [...]hfull Euery man shall in your absence per­ceiue my integritie; but your friends shall know the loue I beare you. Had there beene trust, where there should haue beene most, these troubles had not fallen vpon vs. Farewell.

Cicero to Pu [...]lius Lentulus Vice-consull, Ep. 2.

THE xiij. of Ianuary the Senate de­termined nothing: because the greatest part of that day was spent in Controuersies, betweene the Consull Lentulus, and Caninius Tribune of the people. At which time I also spak much on your behalfe, and by manifest to­kens [Page 5] I perceiued, that the Senate tooke wondrous w [...]ll, the remembrance of your respect vnto that order. Where­upon the day following, they were pleased, that I should make a briefe re­capitulatiō of euery mans opinion: For, they seemed to be reconciled vnto vs: which I perceiued aswell by the plead­ing of your cause; as by their calling e­uery man, and requesting their fauour for vs. When therefore the first sen­tence was pronounced, which was of Bibulu [...], that the King should be by three Ambassadours restored; The second, that you should restore him without the Armie, as Hortentius desired; or as Volcatius, who gaue the third; that Pomp [...]ius should restore him: It was de­manded, that the particulars of that o­pinion of Bibulus might be considered. No man opposed that part wherein he touched the Religion; as being a thing not to be contradicted. Touching the three Ambassadors, [...]he great [...]st part flue from him. Then followed the o­pinion of Horten [...]ius, vpon which Lupu [...] Tribune of the people (because he had made the motion for Pompeius) began to contend, that it belonged vnto him rather than to the Cōsuls to command that euery one should goe to that side to which they were most addicted. But his speech was interrupted by the out-cryes of all men: because it was a [Page 6] thing new found out, and without sence or reason. The Consuls neither assen­ted vnto him, nor were they greatly re­pugnant. They were contented the day should be thus driuen ouer, and so it was. For they well perceiued that the greatest part would follow Hortentius: though they outwardly seemed to al­low of the opinion of Volcatius. Manie were requested to giue their opinion, and that with great vexation of the Consuls, whose desire was that the o­pinion of Bibulu [...] might be preferred. This controuersie endured till night, and then the Senate rose; and I, as it fell out, supt that night with Pompeius, lighting thereby vpon this occasion more fit than heretofore hath beene offered, as being the first Senate day, that hath since your departure prooued fortunate vnto vs. I so reasoned the matter with him, that he seemed to giue credite wholly to my discourse, and to deliberate how he might fauour you. Hearing his own tale, I must needs free him from the least touch of Ambition: but when I consider the carriage or passages of his familiar acquaintance, of what degree soeuer, I finde that assured­ly true, that at length is manifested to all the world: that all this cause hath beene before this time by some cor­rupted, and not without the knowledg or priuitie of the King himselfe, and of [Page 7] his Counsellers. These I wrote the 14. of Ianuarie before day, in which the Senate was to sit. We shall as I hope maintaine our reputation in the Senate so far, as is possible in this so persidious an age, and full of iniustice. As for the popular respects, I thinke we haue so carried things, that nothing can be done with the people, without the vio­lating of diuine authoritie, or breach of lawes, no nor without compulsion. Yesterday the Senate ratified the things aforesaid, by interposing of their graue authoritie: to which though Ca­to, and Caninius opposed themselues, yet it was registred, and I thinke it shall be sent vnto you. I will not faile to giue you good accompt hereafter of euery thing that passeth: and I will en­gage all my thoughts, endeuours, dili­gence, and friends, in the effecting this businesse, to our owne contentment. Farewell.

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 3.

AVlus Trebonius my auncient and [...]a­miliar friend, who hath affayres of great impo [...]tance in diuerse places of your Prouince, and such as may be soone dispatched; hath beene hereto­fore very well-come thither, as well [Page 8] for his owne worth, as for being by my selfe, and other friends recommended: and, at this present, in respect of your loue towards me, and for our neere al­liance, he is very confident, that he shall be able by meanes of these my letters, to purchase your gracious fauour. I beseech you therefore let not his hope deceiue him; and I recommend vnto you all his affayres, his Freemen, his agents, his familie; and especially, that what Titus Ampius shall decree about his businesse, you would be pleased to ratifie: and so vse him in all other oc­casions, that he may thereby gather, that I haue effectuallie recommended him. Farewell.

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 4.

VPon the fifteenth of Ianuarie, when we had the better hand in the Senate, for that the daie before, we had broken the neck of that opinion of Bibulus, concerning th [...] three Ambassa­dors; and that there was now onely resting the opinion of Volcatius, to con­tend withall; the businesse was with di­uerse cauills p [...]olonged by our aduer­saries: who could not endure, that we amongst so manie, and so great varie­tie of opinions, should carrie away the [Page 9] glorie of the day [...] Curio was at that time a bitter enemie vnto vs, Bibulus much more milde, and ra [...]her a friend than o­therwise; Caniniu [...], and Cat [...], had re­solued [...]o propose no law before the next creation of Magistrates. The Se­nate, as you know, by the inte [...]dict of the law Pupia, cannot be reduced be­fore the Calends of Februarie, nor for all that moneth, vnlesse the Ambassages be either dispatched, or put off. But the people of Rome are possest, that those that enuie and hate you, haue brought vp this brute of an inuented Religion, not so much to hinder you; as to keepe euery man else from seeking for credits sake to goe that iourney with the armie into Alexandria. And no man can re­port other than that the Senate, hath had good respect of you: for it is well knowne, that your aduersaries haue hindred the dispatch of your cause, but if they shall attempt now any thing by wicked and trecherous proceedings (as they haue done) vnder pretence or name of the people of Rome, it is suffici­ently prouided, [...]at they can passe no­thing, vnlesse they will withstand au­thoritie, and the lawes, or else bring their intent about by violence. I will omit to speake, either o [...] mine owne faithfulnesse, or other mens ingrati­tude. For it were but a follie to make any ost [...]nta [...]ion of my selfe, conside­ring [Page 10] that if I should spend my life for you, I cannot counteruaile your cour­tesies: And to complaine of other mens iniuries, were but to renew my old troubles. If in this time of weake Magistrates, any thing shall be attemp­ted by force, I can make no resistance: but if no violence shall be offered, I can assure you, that the Senate and people of Rome will doe what in them lyeth to support your reputation. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consul. Ep. 5.

THough I desire nothing more, than to be knowne first of your selfe, and then to all the world, for a most thankful man, and one that cannot for­get the good turnes you haue done me; ye [...] it grieues me to the heart, that the times since your departure are such, as inforce you to make triall as well of mine, as other mens trust, and affection towards you. For I vnderstand by your letters, that you haue had the same proofe o [...] your friends, in your autho­ritie: that I haue had of mine, in my health, and prosperitie. I endeuoured with all my vnderstanding, care, and po [...]er, to bring about the cause of the king; when on the sodaine Cato, beyond [Page 11] all imagination, proposed a wicked law, which did not onely hinder the cause, but hath made that businesse, which was before light, and easie; to be very difficult, and desperate. But, though in so crosse an accident, we are to expect all mischiefe; yet wee feare nothing more than treacherie. Come what will come, let Cato be wel assured, we will resist him. About the restoring of the king, I promise you thus much, that I will so bestur me, that you shall rest fully satisfied. Yet I doubt, that ei­ther the businesse may be taken out of our hands; or that there will be no fur­ther proceeding in it: and I cannot well determine, which of these two courses will leaft content me. But if it come to this passe; there is a third way which neither Selicius, nor I dislike. That we neither suffer the King to be abando­ned; nor let him be put ouer vnto that man for his restoring, who is alreadie thought, to haue obteined him. We will doe the best we can, that things may goe, as we would haue them: if not; we will so leaue off, that we may suffer no disgrace thereby. It is for a man of your wisedome, vnderstanding and valour; to be well assured, that all your greatnesse, and honour proceedes from your owne vertue, your noble ac­tions, and graue proce [...]dings, (which will neuer faile you) and to set light by [Page 12] that, that the perfidiousnesse of any man can detract from you, in any thing wherein fortune hath inriched you. Knowing for certaine, that whatsoeuer is done in that kind, will turne to them more hurtfull, than to you hereafter. There is not an houre passes, but I am either doing something in your busi­nesse, or contriuing how to doe it. And in euery thing I vse the helpe of Quintus Selicius: whom I esteeme as discreete, faithfull, and louing vnto you, as any of your other friends. I make accompt that you haue vnderstood both by fre­quent letters, and messengers, aswell what we haue now in hand, as that that hath beene hitherto effected. Of that, that is expected, I hold none fitter then my selfe, to send you mine opinion. I haue seene Pompeius vpon two occasiōs terribly troubled. First, for that on the [...]xt of Februarie, speaking to the people in the fauour of Milo, they gaue not onely a negligent eare vnto him: but often interrupted him with exclamati­ons, and villanies: secondly because Cato speaking ill of him, in the Senate, and sharply accusing him, had a mo [...]t quiet audience: so tha [...], it seemes he al­together shrinketh from this cause of restoring the king, in which we haue alwayes held our owne: the Senate not hauing taken any thing from you here­in, but that, which by the Religion it [Page 13] cannot giue vnto another man. Our hope therefore at this present is, that the King finding himselfe decei [...]ed in his opinion of thinking to be [...]estored by Pompeius: and being depriued of all other hopes herein, will necessarilie applie himselfe vnto you. In the effect­ing hereof wee will vse all diligence: and he will doubtlesse be most willing; so that P [...]mpeius make but the least shew to be content therewith. But you know how slow he is, and [...]l [...]o how silent in all his actions, yet there is nothing, that may be done herein, by vs omitted The other iniuries that Cato threa [...]neth to doe vs, shall need (I hope) but easie resistance Of the Con [...]ulars I find none to fauour you, but Hortentius, and Lu­cullus. The rest are partly [...]ec [...]et, partly open enemies. But be of good courage: And wi [...]hout al doub [...], the rash attempt of this phantasticall [...]ellow will come to nothing, and you shall recouer your former honour, and reputation. Fare you well.

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 6.

HOw matte [...]s haue beene carried, you may [...]nforme your selfe of P [...]llio; who was not onely present at them, but imployed in them. In the [Page 14] depth of the trouble I suffer about your businesse, my comfort is, that I hope assuredly, that the good Councell of your friends, and time it selfe, which discouereth the designes of enemies, and trecherous persons shal shelter you from their wicked pretences. One bet­ter comfort I haue more, calling to re­membrance, my troubles past; whose very image I perceiue in your affayres, for although the blemish of your ho­nor, is not to be compared with the losse of my well-fare: there is notwith­standing such a resemblance, that I can­not imagine, but you will hold me ex­cused, if those things affright me not, which you your selfe neuer feared. But, be you that man, that I haue knowne you from your infancie; and credit me, the iniuries of men, shall make your greatnesse more illustrious. And expect from me the chiefest fa­uours, and offices that can be shewed you, for I will not faile your expectati­on. Fare you well.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consull. Ep. 7.

I haue read your letters, in which you are thankfull vnto me, because I often acquaint you with all passages, and be­cause [Page 15] I make open demonstration to you of the affection I beare you. It was needlesse to thanke me, because I was oblieged to loue you, (if I would not appeare vnworthie of your good opini­on:) and besides, I tooke delight in this frequent epistolar correspondence with you, seeing we could not in ab­sence otherwise enioy one another. And when it fals out that I write not so often vnto you, it shall proceed from a distrust I shall haue to put my letters in euery mans hands. But alwaies, when I shal haue a faithful messēger, I wil not omit the opportunitie. Touching the particulars, which you desire to know, concerning your friends, they would be tedious to relate, but as for that, of which I haue often heretofore written vnto you, I can bid you now relie vpon it for a certaintie. That some, which both greatly could, and should haue fauoured you, haue enuied your great­nesse, and the course of your Fortunes. Although the case be not alike, yet it hath some equalitie with mine. For they that were offended with you, vpon an occasion that concerned the Com­mon-wealth, haue openly withstood you; and those that were defended by you, haue not beene so mindfull of your valour, as hatefull of your commenda­tion. At which time, as I haue hereto­fore at large written vnto you, I haue [Page 16] knowne Hortentius, and Lucullus to be very affectionate towards you; and a­mongst those [...]hat are Magistrates, Lu­ [...]ius Racilius, a most faithfull and louing friend of yours. With that diligence, I bestow in fauouring you, I profit not so much as I should, if I fauoured ano­ther, men presuming, that I helpe you more out of obligation, than discreti­on. Amongst the Consulars I haue not knowne a man besides H [...]r [...]entius and Lucullus, [...]hat hath made so much as a shew, of any good, much l [...]sse done a­ny good thing for you. I write nothing vnto you of P [...]mp [...]ius, because you know, he hath beene very seldome in the Senate. But this I tell you, that hee h [...]th often re [...]soned with me, about your matters, and that not onely when he was inuited thereunto by me, but of his owne proper inclination also. And the letters which you lately sent him, were wondrous acceptable vnto him, as I haue vnderstood by signes of grea­ [...]est certaintie, I must needes con [...]esse, that you haue not onely filled me with ioy, but with admiration, when I con­sider, how ingenuously, and with what great discretion, you haue kept so rare a man your friend, and so much oblie­ged him vnto your courtesie. Wiping out of his memorie, the fal [...]e suspition, which he had, that you s [...]ould be offe [...] ­ded with him, beleeuing as oth [...]rs did, [Page 17] that he stroue with you about the resto­ring of the king. To tell truth, though you haue alwayes found him readie to pleasure you, and especially then, when peraduenture the con [...]ra [...]ie was doub­ted, as when Caninius, sought that the people should giue him the managing of this businesse, yet I can assure you, that I neuer saw him, more earnest, or forward than at this present. Therefore know, that whatsoeuer I write, shall be written by his Councell, and opinion. I say then, till now the Senate hath not denied you the restoring of the King. Because that decree, that no man might restore him, was rather made out of furie then by reason; and the Tribunes as you know were thereunto opposed. You therefore hauing the gouernment of Silicia and Cyprus, may easily informe your selfe, whether your fo [...]ces be suffi­cient to bridle Alexandria, a [...]d Aegypt, and finding it a ma [...]ter feyseable, you may, goe into A [...]exandria with the ar­mie, leauing the King at Ptolem [...]is, or there bouts, and when you haue set all things quiet, and appointed, and placed your gu [...]risons, you may restore Ptole­m [...]us to his former state and Domini­on. And af [...]er this manner, he shall be restored by you, as the Senate had in the beginning ord [...]ined; and restored without the armie, as these religious persons said, was according to the plea­sure, [Page 18] or liking of the Sibylla. And you shall thus doe a thing agreeable to the honour of your selfe, and of our Com­mon-wealth. It is true, that the attempt seemes vnto vs, doubtfull, because wee know men will iudge according to the successe. And, if the matter should fall out as we would haue it, euery man will proclaime you wise, and valorous: If any misfortune should come betweene you and home, all men will say you were vaine, and ambitious. Wherefore, you shall better gather than we, whe­ther the enterprise be secure, as hauing the estate of all Aegypt within your view. Our opinion is, that if you haue any certaintie, to possesse your selfe of that kingdome, that you defer no time in effecting it; but if the case be doubt­full, put not your selfe vpon it. This I assure you, that if you prosper in it, you shall be in your absence praised of ma­ny, and at your re [...]ur [...]e, of all men; if it happen otherwise, I forsee that no­thing but [...]ll can come thereof. The Se­nate hauing declared their pleasure, and besides there being the respect of the religion. But as I exhort you, to put your sel [...]e vpon the taske, if you finde things without danger; so if you doubt they will giue you battell: I disswade you from it. And againe I tell you what from the beginning I haue signified vnto you, that men will censure your [Page 19] actions, not so much according to the counsell you haue embraced, as accor­ding to the end that shall ensue thereof. But if this way [...]hould appeare dange­rous vnto you, we should like it well, that the king, (giuing assurance to those friends of yours, which in diuerse pla­ces of your Prouince, haue furnisht him with moneys;) should vse your ayde to returne into his kingdome. You be­ing easily able to helpe him; aswell for the qualitie, as situation of your Pro­uince; he being destitute of a more sure meanes to returne withall. This is my opinion; now doe what you thinke best. Whereas you reioyce at my con­dition, at the familiaritie of Milo, at the vanitie and weaknesse of Clodius, [...] won­der not at your ioy; being the custome of an excell [...]nt artificer, to take plea­sure in his own workmanship. Though you cannot imagine how great peruer­sitie (not to giue it a worse terme) raignes in some kind of men, who if they had fauoured me, I had neuer changed mine intention, in the mana­ging of the Common-wealth, but their ill carriages towards me haue constrai­ned me, to runne a course for mine owne safetie, of which I haue beene hi­therto something carelesse, esteeming honour more than mine owne life. Both might hau [...] beene done very well, if these Consula [...]s were to be trusted, or [Page 20] had any constancie: but they are for the most part so malicious, and so depri­ued of iudgement, that whereas they should long affect me, as one that am a most affectionate cittizen to mine own Countrey, they enuie me for defending it. Which I haue written thus freely vn­to you, because I acknowledge, not onely my present [...]state from you, but the beginning of my honour also. And moreouer, because I begin now to be­leeue, that my obscure paren [...]age, was not the cause I was so ill beloued: con­sidering that you, that are bo [...]ne of a most noble house, could not auoid the rage of these malicious people. Who though they haue su [...]fered you to arise to one of [...]he chiefest places, they haue afterwardes alwayes [...]aid waite, to clip your wings for feare you should flie higher. I reioyce, that your Fortune hath not beene like mine, for there is great difference, betweene bei [...]g a lit­tle crossed, and being vtterly ruined. Notwithstand [...]ng out of your worth, you haue laboured so, that I am not greatly to complaine of mine; you ha­uing prouided, [...]hat I h [...]u [...] made a grea­ter gaine in honour, than I haue recei­ [...]ed damage in my estate. Therefore at this present I entre [...]t you; vrged here­ [...]nto not o [...]ely by the fauours you haue done me, bu [...] by the affection that I euer bare you, that you striue-with all your [Page 21] power to arise vnto the height of glo­ry; to which euer since you were a boy, you haue had a strong inclination: and let no [...] euery occu [...]rent iniurie, deiect the lof [...]ines o [...] your spirit, which I haue alwayes loued, and admired. The hope that is of you is great, and great is the comm [...]ndation of your liberal [...]tie, as also the memorie of your Con [...]ulship is great; to which you know well, how great an ornament, and honor will bee added, if some noble argumēt or token of your valour can in the gouernment, which you now haue of that Prouince, be produced. Though I am vnwilling you should enterprise any thing, with­out diligent consideration, examinati­on, and preparation. And because I know that all your thoughts haue eu [...]r beene enclined to ascend to the highest step of honour, when you are arriued, I assure you 'tis an easie matter to main­taine you there. And to the end that this my exhortation appeare not friuol [...]us, and from the purpose: know that I haue to this effect beene desirous to put you in minde of the acciden [...]s which haue occurred to both of vs, that hereafter you may know whom you may trust, and of whom you should be warie. Whereas you write that you would know, what the state of the Common-wealth is: there is great discord, but [...]he strife is vnequal; [...]or they that are st [...]on­gest [Page 22] in riches, armes, and power, seeme to haue gone so farre through the folly, and in [...]onstancie of their aduersaries, that they are also at length before them in authoritie. So that, hauing few or none against them, they haue fully ob­tained that of the Senate, which was neuer thought should haue beene gran­ted by the people, without great com­motion. And thus a stipend, with ten Ambassadors hath beene assigned and graunted vnto Caesar, and the time of his gouernment in France prolonged, con­trarie to the Law Sempronia, which I write briefly vnto you, because the pre­sent state of the Common-wealth dis­pleaseth me: yet I write it to aduertise you, that you may in time resolue your selfe to beleeue that, of which I by the studie of so many yeares, and much more by experience, am resolued; that, a man ought not to loue prosperitie without authoritie, nor it without pro­speritie. Whereas you congratulate with me about my daughter, and Crassipes, I acknowledge your courtesie, and hope, that of such a marriage wee shall haue that content, which is desired. It resteth onely that I remember you, that you bring vp our Lentulus in all those scien­ces, to which you haue euer beene en­clined: but aboue all things, that you put him vpon that course, which you haue holden: by which if he goe, there [Page 23] is no doubt, bu [...] he shall become most vertuous, and very valorous; hauing in these his greene yeares, made himselfe of so great an expectation. We do most entirely loue him, aswell because he is your sonne, and worthie to be so; as because I know he loues me, and hath euer done so. Fare you well.

Cicero to Publius Le [...]tulus Vice-consull. Ep. 8.

OF all things which concerne you, what is done, determined, and promised by Pompeius; Emplat [...]rius shall to the full enforme you: who hath not onely seene, but sollicited them; and that with so much loue, iudgement, and care, that greater of any friend could no wayes be expected. Of the same man you may vnderstand the state of the weale publique, whose shape by pen can hardly be portraied. But let it su [...]fice you, that the gouernment is in the managing of our acquaintance, and the common opinion is, that in our time it will not be changed. Where­fore I, as well for the obligation that I haue to Pompeius, as to obey your com­fortable, and safe Councels; and to maintaine my regained honour, toge­ther with my prosperitie; I fauour his [Page 24] pretences, as he vpon your request hath fauoured me in my occasions. You know how full of trouble it is vnto a cittizen to change the habite of his mi [...]de, especially when it is good, and such as hath beene by him long time continued. Notwithstanding I applie my selfe to this mans pleasure, not be­ing able with honestie to gainesay him, neither doe I this as is peraduenture by some enformed, with dissimulation; because a naturall inclination, and loue, which I beare him, can doe so much with me, that I hold all things to be ho­nest and [...]rue, which are to his profit, and good liki [...]g. And in my iudgement his aduersaries also should doe well, if (not being able to withstand him) they should cease to contend longer with him. Verily this also giues me comfort, that euery man freely graunteth vnto me, as it were by a speciall priuiledge, either to fauour the disignes of Pom­peius; or to be silent; or to retire me to our common studies, in which I take the greatest pleasure. And if his friend­ship forbid me not, I will by all meanes doe so; not being able to councell the common-wealth with that freedome I desire; nor with that authority, which I, after so manie troubles susteined in managing the gr [...]atest pl [...]ces of dignitie haue expected. Although this is not my losse alone, but vniuersall. For, of ne­cessitie, [Page 25] either place must be giuen (though with losse o [...] reputation,) to the wils of some few: or difference of opinion, and opposition must be vaine and friuolous. And whatsoeuer I haue hitherto written, hath beene almost wholly vpon this occasion. That you may at le [...]gth looke to your selfe. The courses of the Senate, of all Courts of iustice, and the whole state are altered; nothing remaineth for vs to doe, but to wish for quietnesse: and those that gouerne, make show that they wil con­tent vs, so that men will be quie [...], and not so much [...]rouoke their grea [...]nesse to displeasure: [...]ut we must not thinke to liue with that repu [...]ation vvhich be­ [...]itteth noble Senators: thankes be to them that haue allienated Pompeius, from the Senate, and broken the peace which was betvveene him & the No­bilitie. But to turne to our purpose, a­bout your matt [...]rs; I haue found that Pompeiu [...] is a good friend vnto you; and when he becomes Consull, you shall [...]nde (if I be not dec [...]iued) what­soeuer true, parti [...]lar, and important fauours, your heart ca [...] im [...]gine, or be desired. And I hauing an especiall care of all your businesse, vvill spurre him al­vvaies forward. And I am not onely sure, that I shall neuer seeme vnto him importunate, but I rather hope, that he perceiuing me so gra [...]efull, will herein [Page 26] assuredly find great contentment. Le [...] ­tulus liue secure, for euery little occasi­on of yours sticks neerer me, then all mine owne. And I being of that mind, can satisfie my selfe for matter of my diligence; but for the effects, it is im­possible; as not being able with my v [...]ry thoughts, to serch out the way, to shew you my thankefulnesse, much lesse in act to equalize the least part of your fa­uours. It is here reported that you haue gotten a great victorie. And vve expect the nevves thereof from you. And we haue alreadie spoken to Pompeius; and so soone as your let [...]ers shall arriue, vve vvill speake vvith the Magistrates, and Senators. And in all your businesse, al­though it should so fall out that we should vvorke more then vve thinke our selues able: yet it seemes much lesse vnto vs then is befitting. Fare you well.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consull. Ep. 9.

YOur letters vvere very acceptable vnto me, because I vnderstood [by them] that you apparently perceiue how much I respect you; vvhich had not beene so well expressed, if I said I had loued you, because in my conceit, [Page 27] that name of respect, although it be ex­ceeding graue and holy; is notwith­standing of lesse vveight, and of much lesse price, then are the courtesies you haue done me. As for the thankes you render me, nothing hath thereunto more mooued you, then a certaine a­boundance of affection; which giues occasiō, that you esteeme those things vvhich vvithout my vtter shame, and soule imputation cannot be pretermit­ted. But if all this time we haue beene separated, we had liued togither, and in Rome, I had made more manifest demonstration of my mind vnto you. For vvith equall commendation, in defence of the Common-wealth, vve should haue proceeded in euery action to one, and the selfe same end, and pur­pose. And I hope it may yet come to passe; asvvell for that, vvhich you giue notice of; as because you can easily performe the same. Of the which I vvill here after giue satisfaction accor­ding to your d [...]sire, and vvill declare vn [...]o you hovv I am affected, and the state in vvhich I now find my selfe. But to turne vnto my purpose, if you had beene at Rome, I would haue beene go­uerned by your pleasure, and haue re­mitted my selfe wholly vnto your loue and infinite vvisedome, and you should haue vsed me as a Counceller, perad­uenture not altogether ignorant, but I [Page 28] am sure, faithfull, and affectionate. Al­though I am verie glad, (as I ought to be,) to hea [...]e you are full of glorie in your Prouince, for your late obteined victorie: Yet here you would haue reaped, a better crop of your seede, and more aboūdant. Because I would won­derously haue helped you, to haue bin reuenged on them, of whom you know there are some, that greatly maligne you, for hauing restored me into my Countrie; other some, that enu [...]e you for the reputation and renovvn, which is fallen vnto you by so noble a fact, and honourable enterprise. Although that wretched villaine, naturall enemie of his friends, vvho vvithout fauour, and depriued of any man to vphold him, in recompence of your especiall fauours done him; bestirred him vvith that feeble force he had, to doe you in­iurie: Yet hee himselfe in our re­uenge hath giuen condigne punish­ment to his owne offences. For such plots of his haue beene discouered, [...]hat haue not onely vtterly dishonored him, but during life depriued him of libertie. And although I should hau [...] lik't it better, that you had learned by my example, then by your owne expe­rience; yet I reioyce in my sorrow, that you haue knowne that faith in men vvith small cost, which I to my great losse haue beene acquainted vvith, and [Page 29] I am disposed to discourse a while vp­on this point, to giue ansvv [...]re to that you haue demanded. You write that you vnderstand that I am reconciled vvith C [...]sar, and with Appius, and fur­ther you adde, that for being so, you doe not reprehend me; but that you would know what reason hath moued me to defend & praise Vatinius: which, that it may the better be explained, i [...] is necessarie, that I declare my minde vnto you; taking my discourse from far-fetch'd passages. When I returned, good L [...]ntulus, into my Countrie, it was my meaning to helpe, not onely my friends, but also the Common-wealth; and because I found my selfe infinitely oblieged vnto you, as being by your meanes returned; I thought I was likewise oblieged vnto it, as ha­uing fauoured you in my restauration. And whereas formerly I had wearied my selfe in the seruice thereof, because I would not b [...] wanting vnto it in the office of a good Cittizen; I now thinke that it behooueth me much more to doe the same, that I might not be vn­gratefull. And this disposition of mine I made knowne vnto the Senate, when you were Consull; and reasoned with your selfe often about it. Though from the beginning, when you sought that the Senate should restore my former losses, many things offended me; find­ing [Page 30] my [...]elfe of the one part secretly hated, and of the other slowly fauou­red. For, neither when there was rea­soning about my house, or of that wic­ked violence, by which I, and my bro­ther were cast out of doores; did they ioyne with you, which should haue as­sisted: nor yet made they demonstra­tion of that minde towards me, which I expected; not only in matters that were of moment, no nor yet in such, as although they were for the great los [...]e of all my moueables neces [...]arie: howsoeuer they were of mee, but as base things, little esteemed. And though I perceiued t [...]ings passe in this manner, (for they were not very se­cret,) yet did I not esteeme the present [...]iurie, equall vnto their merit past. Wherefore, although I knew my selfe much obliged to Pompeius; especially because you more then any man tolde mee, that you saw him very earnest in my cause; And although I loued him, not so much for hauing receiued curte­sies from him, as because I haue beene alwayes inclined to affect him; think­ing that he for his vertue had deserued it: yet without hauing any regard to what he desired, I followed my old cu­stome, hauing in euery action, the good of the Common-wealth my sole ob­iect. And in token of the truth, Pompeius being of the Senate, when he went in­to [Page 31] Rome, to commend Publius Sextius; and Vatinius one of the testimonies, had tolde, that I was become one of Caesars friends, moued thereunto by his happy fortune; I gaue him this answer. That the fortune of Bibulus, which hee esteemed full of misery, was greater in my estimation, then all the triumphs, and victories. And in another place, I said (euen in the presence of Pompeius,) that none but they thrust mee out of Rome, which where occasion that Bibu­lus feared to s [...]ur out of doores. And that examination of mine was onely to reprehend the Tribuneship of Vati­nius. Where I spake with great liberty and courage, about violence, authority, and the donation of Kingdomes. Nei [...]ther did I in this [...], but a [...] m [...] ­ny other times speake in S [...]na [...]e with the same constancie. And further, Mar­celinus, and Philippus being Consuls, th [...] Senate vpon the fift of Aprill, was con­tented vpon my request, that on the fifteenth of May in open Senate, the case should bee proposed of the Campan Territorie. Thinke you that I could at this time couragiously handle this cause rather, then [...]orget my owne cala­mities, and call to remembrance my owne actions? When I had spoken my opinion, there grew great alteration, in some particular persons, which had oc­casion; and in others also, which I [Page 32] could neuer haue imagined. For the decree being made, after that manner that I had councelled; Pompeius, with­out making any demonstration vnto me, that he was displeased; tooke his iourney for Sardinia, and Africa: and went by Luca to meet with Caesar; who complained much of this deed of mine: as being incensed a little before in Ra­uenna, by Crassus, who had spoken much ill vnto him concerning mee: And, though I had vnderstood by many, that Pompeius was offended with mee; Yet my brother gaue mee the greatest no­tice, who meeting him in Sardinia, a little while after hee came from Luca, was thus saluted by him. In very deed, Sir, I desired to see no man rather then you: neither could fortune haue brought mee any man, with whom I could bee so much contented. If you take not such order, that your brother Marcus keepe the promise that you on his behalfe made vs, this debt will fall vpon you. What needs more vvords? He complained grieuously; hee made repetition of his deserts; hee called to memory the agreement made about the acts of Caesar; and follovved on yet further, that he knevv vvell, that Caesar lou'd my happinesse; p [...]aying him at last, to recommend vnto me the cause, and [...]he honour of the aforesayd [Cae­sar.] And that at the least, I should not [Page 33] oppugne him, if I vvould not, or could not help him. When I had from my brother vnderstood these things, and Vibullius, by commission of Pompeius, hauing beene a little before to speake vvith mee, that I should in courtesie leaue, till his returne, the Campan cause, in the state it vvas in: driuen to bethinke me of my selfe, I turned me vvholly to consider mine ovvne affaires, becom­ming after a sort petitioner to the Common-vvealth: That in conside­ration of so much paines, as I had taken for it, it vvould be pleased to grant me, that I might shevv my selfe gratefull to­vvards my benefactours, and continue the trust of my brother; and that it vvould suffer that man to bee good, vvhom in all occasions it had found to be a good Citizen. Novv in all my a­ctions and sentences, vvhich seeme to offend Pompeius, I perceiued, that there vvere certaine persons vvhom you may imagine, vvhich, notvvithstanding they vvere of my opinion, and had alvvaies beene so, yet they reioyced, that I fol­lovved not the vvill of Pompeius; hoping assuredly, that he, for that cause should grovv a cold friend vnto me, and Caesar a capitall enemie. I had iust occasion to be grieued hereat; but much more, that in my pr [...]sence, they did most fa­miliarly embrace, vvelcome, and kisse mine enemie. But vvhy doe I say, mine [Page 34] enemie? rather enemie of the Lavv, of the Courts of Iustice, of the quiet of his Countrey, and in conclusion, of all men of honesty. vvith that demonstra­tion, they had an opinion they should mo [...]e mee to anger, but it vvas not so; because in mee all anger vvas ext [...]ngui­shed. These passages therefore conside­red, and making a calculation, vvith that vnderstanding that God had giuen mee, I reduced into forme all my dis­courses: vvhich if I be able, I vvil briefly recount vnto you. If I should see the Common-vvealth to bee gouerned by vvicked & loose Citizens, as vve knovv falleth out in our times; and haue vn­derstood, to haue at other times also occurred; no force, either of revvards, vvhich I slightly esteeme, nor yet of dangers, vvhich were vvont to feare the stou [...]est men, could haue such interest in me, that I should consent to the li­king of men of such condition, al­though my heart should tell mee, they had obliged mee. But the Common-vvealth resting it selfe vnder the shadow of C [...]cius Pompeius, vvho, vvith his great deserts tovvards it, and vvith his vvor­thy actions, hath gotten this povver, and estimation; and I hauing from my youth fauoured, nay, I say more, ha­uing furthered him, both vvhen I vvas Praetor, and vvhen I vvas Consull, and he in like manner helping mee, as vvell [Page 35] by councell, as by fauour; and vnvvil­ling to haue other enemy in the Citie, then that man that vvas to me an ene­my; I thought not, that I should bee held for inconstant, if I had a little al­tered some of my opinions; inclining my vvill to that, vvhich appertained to the dignity, both of a man of his sort, and of such an one, as vvas my Bene­factour. And being of this minde, it vvas necessarie for me, as you see, that I should also fauour Caesar, hee being in­vvard vvith Pompeius; to vvhich, part­ly ancient friendship much moued me, that I and my brother Quintus haue al­vvaies, as you knovv, held vvith Caesar; partly, the humanity and courtesie, vvhich hee hath many vvayes in short time shevved vs. And to this, the re­spect of the Common-wealth, made great addition: seeming vnto mee, that it did not onely dislike, but strangely re­fused, that there should be any conten­tion with men of that quality. Especial­ly Caesar hauing performed many valo­rous actions thereunto behoofefull. And I being heretofore entred into such deliberation, was vpon the for­mer occasions, altogether settled, by reason of the testimonie, that Pompeius had giuen of me to Caesar, and my bro­ther to Pompeius. Moreouer, I should haue considered, that which is by our Plato written so diuinely; that, Citi­zens [Page 36] were wont to bee such, as their Gouer­nours. I remember the first day of my Consulship, and often afterwards, that I might keepe the Common-wealth in a direct course, and at one stay, I layd so strong foundations, and in such a manner encouraged the Senate, that it was no maruell, though it carried it selfe so stoutly in December follow­ing. And in conclusion, I remembred: that from the time of our Consulship, vntill that of Caesar and Bibulus, men li­ued in exceeding peace, and vnity; And vpon any occasion wee had to speake in Senate, our opinions had that esteeme that was befitting: after­wards; at that time when you were Gouernour of the hither Spaine, the Common-wealth hauing no Consuls, but Merchants of Prouinces, and ser­uants, and ministers of seditions; for­tune would, to giue occasion of war, throw mee into the midst of the Camp of discord, and ciuill contention. In which danger, the Senate hauing rea­dily raised it selfe, and whole Italy, with the strength of the best men, in my de­fence and assistance: I will not relate what happened; because I should com­plaine of many; I will onely in briefe say, that I needed no army, but I wan­ted Commanders; And the fault was in generall of all those, which did not defend mee; but particularly of those, [Page 37] which were tyed to defend me. And if they should bee reprehended, which were truely fearefull, they which coun­terfetted feare, are so much more blame-worthy. Certainely, that dispo­sition of my minde was worthy of commendation; when seeing my Citi­zens most ready to succour mee, and desirous, to shew me their thankfulnes; yet because they were without Lea­ders, I would not put them to encoun­ter with armed seruants. But it sufficed me, onely to sh [...], how much strength should haue beene by consent of good men gathered, if they had had occasiō of a battaile for me, when I was strong, and lusty; seeing they could after­wards, when I was at the weakest, giue mee succour. Whose mindes you did not onely know, when you took paines about mee, but also you confirmed and maintained [them.] And I will neuer deny; rather, while I breath, I will be mindefull, and report it willingly; that you vsed the means of some most noble personages, which were more strong in restoring me, then they were after in retaining mee. In which intention, if they had perseuered; together with my prosperitie, they had regained th [...]ir owne au [...]horiti [...]. Because, the good Citizens, recouering themselues in your Consulship; and being by your example rouzed from that drowzinesse, [Page 38] that had long oppressed them; especi­ally, hauing the protection of Cneius P [...]mpeius, and of Caesar, who, by his owne strength, was raised by the Se­nate, to singular and vnusuall honours, no wicked Citizen could haue euer of­fended the Common-wealth. But marke, I pray you, how things haue proceeded. That infamous fellow Clo­dius, which polluted the womens sacri­fices; who gaue no more honour to the Goddesse B [...]n [...], then to his owne three sisters, was absolued of that fault, for which he ought deseruedly to haue suf­fered. And afterwards, Milo, Tribune of the people, and with him many iust men, entreating, that this seditious Ci­tizen might, according to his fact, bee punished; the Iudges, against all rights of Iustice, did acquit h [...]m, depriuing the Common-wealth of so memorable an example, of reuenge vpon seditions. And afterwards, the very same Iudges permitted, that the name of Enemy, was with bloudy letters engrauen, in the house, that was not mine, (because it was no booty of mine, I hauing onely a hand in the building thereof) but did belong vnto the Senate, who payd the charges of it. It is true, that I ought them that thankfulnesse, which was due for so great a ben [...]fit, as bringing me out of banishm [...]nt, and giuing mee my health againe. But I would, that [Page 39] they had not onely, as Physicians, had regard vnto my health, but also of my strength, and colour; according to the custome of those good masters, which take care to anoynt such as are to make proofe of their actiuity. But as Apelles [...] by his curious Art, finished the head of Venus, with the vpper part of her breast, leauing the other part of her body, with a meere beginning: so may I say that some men about my head, haue onely laboured, and haue left the rest of the body rude, and vnperfected. And because those that enuie me, and espe­cially mine enemies, thought, that the blow giuen mee by banishment, had partly taken away my courage, you could not imagine how much I haue deceiued their expectation. Heretofore, of Quintus Metellus, son of Lucius, who was a stout man, and of a strong heart, and in my iudgement, for greatnesse, and constancie of minde surpassing all men; they reported, that they vnder­stood, (though I hold it rather to bee a thing of their owne forging,) that hee being returned from banishment, made alwai [...]s shew of a weake and deiected minde. How is it credible, that hee should be changed by banishment, ha­uing both by especiall election accep­ted it, and with great courage of minde sustained it, being carelesse of his re­turne? and how comes it, that they [Page 40] take not notice, how Metellus in con­stancie and grauitie exceeded all men; euen that Ma [...]cus S [...]aurus, who was so famous [...]o the world? But their malice made them beleeue that of mee, which they [...]magined, or vnderstood of him; that is, that I should grow base, or bee deiected: though the Common-wealth gaue me greater encouragement, th [...]n I euer had before, in m [...]king k [...]owne, that it could not be vvithout mee. Be­sides, Metellus, by intercession of one only Tribune of the people vvas resto­red; vvhereas I [...] vvas by the Senate, by the Consuls, by all Rome recalled, ac­companyed vvith vvhole I [...]aly, at the Conuocation assembled for the chu­sing of Consuls, and by the vvhole Countrey vvith great concourse of people receiued. Neither haue I after­vvards euer done, nor doe I any thing at this present, vvhich may offend any man, though he vvere the most malici­ous man in the world, onely I doe vvhat I can, that I may not bee vvan­ting to my friends, or strangers; ei­ther in doing, counselling [...], or ta­king any p [...]ines I am able for them. This custome of mine, perhaps offen­deth him, that lookes after the glorie and appearance of this life; and doth not consider, the cares, and heauie troubles vvith vvhich it is incombred. But because I was wont, to commend [Page 41] Caesar, they doe herein openly repre­hend me, as if I were become a rebell to my ovvne person, and vnto the af­fection vvhich I haue formerly carried to my countrie. And they consider not, that I am moued hereunto, not onely by the reasons spoken of in the begin­ning, but also these last, vvhich I began to manifest. O Lentulu [...], you shall not finde that vnion of good men, which you left vs, the which confirmed in our Consulship, and sometime afterwardes interrupted, and destroyed, before you vvere Consull; vvas aftervvards by you intirely restored: and is at this present abandoned of such, as should haue fa­uour'd it. Which, those chiefe men of ours, doe not onely demonstrate vvith signes externall, from the which they might vvith ease haue absteined, but haue many times in diu [...]rse fashions reuealed it. So that vpon good rea­son [...]u [...]ry wise Cittizen, (of vvhich [...]u [...]ber I desire to be one, and so to be esteemed) ought vvholly [...]o change as vvell his vvill, as opinion. Because, the same Plato, (whose au­thority it pleaseth me to follow) would, that a man should take paines in the [...]om­mon-wealth, till he can p [...]rswade his Citti­zens, to their owne benefit. And he ad­deth; that i [...] is not conuenient to force [...]i­ther Father, or Countrey: and he saith, that the occasion of his not medling in [Page 42] the Common-wealth vvas, that hauing found the people of Athens now at length growne old in madnesse, or folly, he had no hope to be able either with reason or force to correct, or reclaime them, the one being im­possible, the other seeming vnto him a thing that was not honest. I had not the like libertie; because I could neither say, that the people of Rome, vvere so mad, as Plato once found that of A­thens; and because, I hauing beene now long time conuersant in the Common-wealth, it seemed troublesome vnto me to take my selfe from it. And I thought it a matter of no small conse­quence, to be able vvithout blame, to hold mine ovvne estate. Beyond all that hath been [...] hitherto spoken, I con­sidered the ra [...]e, or ra [...]her [...]d [...]ne cour­tesie, that Caesar hath vsed to me, and my bro [...]her: for which, though C [...]sar were lesse fortunate in the successes of war, yet were I obliged to fauour him; so much the rather therefore should I doe it, perceiuing him to be in so expedite a course of a prosperous fortune. And [...]e you well assured, that after your selfe, from whom I acknowledge my well­fare; there is no man, to whom, I should not onely confesse; but be glad [...]o be so much beholding. Hauing made this preamble, it is easie [...]or me to make an­swere to your demand, concerning Va­tinius, and Crassus. And I take great de­light, [Page 43] that you are pleased, that I should keepe good quarter with Caesar, and with Appius. Now to come to Vatinius. First of all Pompeius reconciled me vnto himselfe, as soone as he vvas made Praetor, I hauing with all my power withstood his petition in the Senate, not so much to offend him, as to de­fend and preferre Cato. After that, Cae­sar sought me, with intreaties of grea­test e [...]ficacie, that I would be his de­fender. But let me entreat you, not to be further inquisitiue, why I haue commended a man of his condition, then I shall thinke fitting: least I requite you with the like, at your returne; though I can also requite you at this prese [...]t; that you may well remember what you haue written in commenda­tion of any man, euen to the outmost bounds of our dominion. Neither be you therefore grieued, because I also doe now, and will hereafter doe the like. Yet I confesse, that the spur which put me on to de [...]end Vatinius, was that of which I said, while at the bar I defen­ded him: it appeared vnto me, that I did act the Councell, which the Para­site giues to the souldier in the Eun [...]ch.

So I, because some noble men, and my benefactors, did loue mine enemie more then be [...]eemed them, and in my presence oftentimes drew him apart, sometime as if it had beene about earnest busine [...]se, and did at other times familiarly, and pleasantly embrace him: and becaus [...] they had their Publius, I besought the Iudges by speciall fauour, that they would also grant vnto me an other Publius: that I might a little sting them, as they had somewhat pinched me. N [...]ither do [...]h it suffice me to haue said it, but often also, with th'applause of Gods, and men, I make the eff [...]cts appa [...]ant. You haue hitherto vnder­stood of Vatinius: now hearken [to what I shall say] about Crassus. We were then become friends, I hauing, (because I would not disturbe the Common-vvealth,) forgiuen all iniu­ries; wh [...]n it fortuned, that he vnder­tooke the defence of Gabinius, with no small wonder to euery man, hauing but [Page 45] a while since strongly oppugned him. I should haue car'd but little, so that he had defended him with modestie, and vvithout venome: but hauing galled me without cause, and with little respect; I was enforced to [...]urne me; and I begin­ning againe to be inflamed vvith the disdaine of former iniuries, (whose sparkes were not y [...]t extinguished, as I beleeued, but [vvere] onely couered,) suffered my s [...]lfe to be transported into extreame [...]oller. This gaue me great reputation amongst the people; and it much plea [...]ed som [...] kinde of men; I meane such, as I often name, without naming them: w [...]o greatly prais [...]d me, that I vvas so free in speaking; saying, that they began then onely to bel [...]eue, that I was returned into my Countrie that Cicero, which I was wont to be. But of the other side, they said it pleased them, that Crassus vvas mine enemie, [...]nd that his fri [...]nds [...]hould neuer be­come friends to me. Wher [...]upon I, hau [...]ng vnderstoode by men of autho­ritie, and credite, of their malice; and Pom [...]ius praying me more then euer to be reconciled to Crassus; and further, Caesar vvriting vnto me, that he vvas ve­ [...]e sorry for this disagreement: I regar­ded not onely my troubles, but also mine owne nature: and Crassus, to as [...]ure [...]s it vvere, the people of Rome of our reconciliation, that very day, that hee [Page 46] parted to goe vnto the gouernment of Syria, desired to sup vvith me in the gar­den o [...] Crassipes my sonne in law. Wher­upon I vndertooke to defend him, as did befit our acquaintance; and vvith his great reputati [...]n [...] de [...]ended him in the Senate. You haue vnderstood vpon what grounds I went, and vvhat busi­nesse I haue defended; and my estate in the gouernment of the Common-vvealth, so farre, as concerneth me. But beleeue faithfull [...], that I had done nei­ther more nor lesse, though I had beene at libertie, and free [...]rom all r [...]spects. Because I should not hold it a wise en­terprise to contend ag [...]inst so great povver; nor to thrust at the principali­ties of such like personages, though it vvere not impossible; nor to perseuer in one opinion; the course of things being altered, and good men hauing changed their minds, excepting onely in religious obedience. Neither shall you euer finde, that wise men, and such as are expert in the affaires of the Com­mon-wealth, praise him, that doth al­wayes p [...]oceed, after one and the selfe same order. But, as it is vvisedome, to obey the time, or vvinds in nauigation; although you cannot arriue vnto the port; yet being able, by changing of your course, to arriue thither; it vvere folly to goe forvvard [...]he vvay begun vvith danger, rather then by changing [Page 47] it, to land at the place desired: euen so, it behoouing vs, as I haue o [...]ten said, to ha [...]e for obiect, our ovvne good, toge­ther with that of the Common-wealth [...] we should not alwayes hold, one and the s [...]lfe same way; but alwaies walke to one and the selfe s [...]me end. Wherefore I againe reply, that, if I had mine owne libertie, I would not, for it gouerne me o [...]herwise then I doe at this present. But being bound by good turnes, and by iniuries vrged, I rather lay my foundation in this opini­on, so to helpe the common-wealth, that I thereby be not endangered Nei­ther doe I greatly care to manifest my selfe for such in euery occasion: first, because my brother Quintus, is Caesars Ambassadour: next, because I haue neuer done any office for Caesar [...] no, not of the least condition, for which hee hath not manifestly made demonstrati­on, to be exceedingly bound vnto me. And I obtaine of him, all those great fauours, that may bee desired from a man of his qualitie. Whence it pro­ceeds, that the malice of others cannot hurt me: by the which I should haue beene shrewdlie foyled, if I had not made me a buckler of those which are the most honoured, and potent Citi­zens: because my wonted guard was not sufficient to defend me. Me thinke I am certaine, that if you had beene [Page 48] present, you would not haue counsel­led me otherwise. I know debates, or conten [...]ions, please you not; I know the temperance, and mildnesse of your nature; I know, tha [...] you intirely loue me, and that you hide within your breast no hur [...]ul [...] or euill thoughts to any man; I know you haue a great, and a generous spirit; not hid vnder any vaile of dissimulation, but plaine, and full of sinceritie. I haue [...]ene in your friends the same deceit, that you might see in mine. It is therefore cre­dible, that the same reasons should moue you also by which [...] was moued. But alwaies when I shall enioy you, you shall be the man that shall aduise me in mine affaires; and take charge of mine honour, as you tooke charge of my safetie: and I in your actions, opi­nions, and pleasure, and finally in eue­ry thing doe promise to help [...] you, and be your associate; Neither will I while I liue thinke of any other thing, then that you may finde euery day greater content then other, in hauing fauour'd me. Whereas you pray me, if I haue written any thing since your depar­ture, that I would send it you: I haue written certaine Orations, which I will giue to Menocritus: but bee not a­fra [...]d; for they are so few, that they will no [...] proue tedious vnto you. And be­cause I doe not alwai [...]s attend vnto O­rations, [Page 49] but some times turne me to more pleasing studies, which, as they did in the daies of my youth; so they doe now much delight mee: I haue written, or I haue endeau [...]ured to write, a disputation after the manner of Aristotle, or a Dialogue of the Ora­tor; which matter I haue deuided into three Bookes; and I am halfe of opi­nion, that they may bee helpfull vnto your Lentulus: because they are diffe­rent from the common precepts, and embrace the whole art of Oratorie, which was written in times past by A­ristotle, and Isocrates. Moreouer, I haue written in verse three bookes of my owne troubles, and calamities; and if I had thought good to haue devulged them, I had not deferred so long to send you them; because they are, and shall be perpetuall testimonies of your fauours towards me, and of my thank­fulnesse and affection towards you. But I haue not sent them, for feare: not of those, which would hold themselues offended, (because of them I haue written both little, and sleightly,) but of my benefactors, who being in num­ber infinite, it was impossible I should of euery one make mention. Yet I will send you them howsoeuer; if I finde conu [...]niencie of a messenger. And, because you haue alwaies exceedingly loued learning; I now giue you all the [Page 50] fruits, which shall grow of those studies, in which I haue beene euer most delightfully exercised; and to you I de­dicate and consecrate the future births of mine vnderstanding. It was not needfull to remember me, nor to re­commend vnto me your affaires: be­cause they are so ne [...]re vnto me, that I would not be put in minde of them: and I cannot be praied [to doe any thing] about them without extreame griefe vnto me. Touching that you write me, that you could not this som­mer furnish the want of my brother Quintus, because, being hindered by sicknes you went not into Cilicia: be [...] sure, that hauing made him to haue thi [...] possession, he will thinke, and haue an especiall occasion to thinke, that yo [...] haue entirely accomplished his busi­nesse. I beseech you write often vnto me, giuing mee familiar aduertisemen [...] of your affaires; and signifying alwaies vnto me, how our Lentulu [...] proceedeth in his studies; & how he doth exercis [...] himselfe therein. And be well assured [...] that no man euer loued another ma [...] so well, as I loue you, and I wil [...] striue to make such signes appeare, tha [...] not only you, but all men liuing shal [...] perceiue it; yea, and our posteritie. Ap­pius hath first reported in many pla­ces, and lastly hath spoken it openl [...] in the Senate, that, if the law Curias [...] [...]e [Page 51] produced, he will take that prouince; that fortune shall allot him: the law being not produced; he will deale so with his Colleague, that hee shall be contented to let him come in your place; and that, though it bee a cu­stome, that the Consull should go with the authority giuen him by the people; it followes not therefore, that hee may not doe otherwise: and, that it is suffi­cient, for him to goe with that, which the Senate hath giuen him by way of the lavv Cornelia; and vvould serue himselfe of it, till his returne to Rome I know not what your friends write vnto you concerning this; I know wel, that there are diuerse opinions; one, that hauing no successor from the peo­ple, you may choose whether you will depart or not: another, that if y [...]u de­part, you may leaue one in your place. I know not so well the law in this point; (though it bee a matter of no great difficultie to know it) as I know that it is expedient for you without a­ny delay to resigne your prouince to your successor; If it were for nothing else, but to shew an act of magnanimi­ty, and befitting that courtesie, which I know delights you: Especially con­sidering that you can without suspect of your owne ambition, oppose his. I hold it my part, to tell you what I thinke; and to defend what you do [...] [Page 52] After I had written these, I receiued yours, about the customers of your prouince. Who cannot in reason com­plaine of you, touching Iustice: but considering that you haue alwaies been their furtherance, I would you had now also beene as warie as you could neither to endamage, nor offend them. For if you had but vsed them in a little more gentle manner, they would haue beene contented. I will not now bee slacke in defending what you haue de­creed: but you know what manner of men these customers are: and you know, with what furie they were enra­ged against Quintus Scaeuola. Howsoe­uer, I would counsell you, that aft [...] the best manner you may, you wil [...] seeke to appease, and reconcile them [...] And though it be a thing full of diffi­cultie, yet by your wisedome it ma [...] with facilitie be effected. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Valerius Doctor of Law. Ep. 10.

FOR I haue no reason but to giu [...] you this [...]le, especially, seeing ar [...]dacitie may bee now a daies vsed i [...] place of wisdome; I haue written t [...] our Len [...]ulus, thanking him very dil [...] ­gently on your behalfe; but now [Page 53] would no longer haue you vse our Let­ters; but that your selfe should come at length to visit vs: with an intention to liue in such places, where other Doct­ors, and your equalls are; rather then to abide there, where you only may seeme wise amongst the ignorant. Though such as come now from thence tell vs, that you are sometimes so proud, that you disdaine to answer; sometimes so outrag [...]ous, th [...]t you an­swer iniuriously. But now at last I de­sire your selfe to be mery with. Come speedilie therefore and goe not into your Apulia, that wee may reioyce at your comming home in health: for, if you goe thither, I am in great doubt, that, like Vlisses, you will not be able to call to minde any of your [poore] allyance. Fa [...]ewell.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Epist. 1.

THough I am sorrie you s [...]ould sup [...]ose, me to be negligent in writing: yet it grieues mee not so much to bee accused of negligence, as it is plea­sing vnto me, that you inuite me to put pen to paper: for in the one I am alto­gether blamelesse, and in the other you [Page 56] shew me that affection, which though I haue formerly perceiued, yet in the acknowledgement thereof I receiue much contentment. I haue euer writ­ten, when I had oportunitie of sending: and who, in this kinde is more offici­ous then my selfe? But from you I can sweare, that I haue not receiued aboue two, or three letters at the most; and very short ones. Wherefore, if you, as a strict Iudge, looke too narrowly to the matter, I will bee euen with you in the same errour: if you bee vnwilling, that I should vse you thus; you were best to iudge discreetly. But let this much suffice about letters: for I shall finde out meanes enough to giue you satisfaction herein, If I shall know how to please you concerning them. Your absence troubles, and contents me. It troubles mee; because it h [...]th depriued me of the fruits of your most pleasing conuersation: It contents me; because all things are fallen out to your glorie, and comme [...]dation: And seeing your [...]ortune in all things comforts mee: I cannot choose, but giue you, out o [...] mine affection towards you, one brie [...]e remembrance. There is so great an ex­pectation of your valour, and vnder­standing; that I haue the boldnesse to intreate you, as much as may bee, to re­turne so disposed, that you may be able to gouerne, and maintaine it. And be­cause [Page 57] it is impossible, that I should e­uer [...]orget your deserts: I would that you also should call to minde, that, if, when you were little, you had not obey­ed my most [...]aithfull and louing aduer­tisements, it had beene impossible [...]or you to haue obt [...]ined those profits, and honours, which our country will be­stow vpon you. In reward whereof, you ought to be content, that I now at length wearie with age; by resting my selfe vpon your loue, and youth; may giue some repose vnto my latter daies. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 2.

THE death of your renowned Fa­ther, hath depriu'd me of a testi­monie of great authoritie; informed sufficiently of my great loue vnto yo [...] And, had the heauens so [...]auoured him, that before hee dyed, hee might haue seen [...] you, hee had beene the happiest man in the world; aswell for the memo­ry of his owne vertue, which will liue for euer; as because he hath left behinde him, a sonne of such condition. But I will not beleeue, that our friendship shall haue need of testimonies. God keepe you, and increase your patrimo­nie. And be assured I will hold you as [Page 58] deare, and beare you the same affecti­on, that was borne you by your owne Father. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 3.

IT is not Rupa's fault, that the sports are not published, which you would celebrate in honour of your father: but we haue councelled him, that it is bet­ter to expect your returne; to the end, that the b [...]si [...]esse may rest in your arbi­triment. And about this matter, either I will write hereafter at large, what my opinion is; or els, least you should thinke thereon, I will take you at vna­wares, and face to face against that rea­son which moueth you I will dispute: that I may either draw you to that which I thinke fitting; or at least, I may leaue a memory of mine opinion to your consideration: that, if at any time (which I would not) you shall repe [...]t you of your owne counsell, you may call mine to your remembrance. But I can tell you, that your returne mee [...]es with such times, as, by those benefits, which nature, industrie, and Fortune haue giuen you; you may more [...]asilie obtaine the highest dignities of the Common-wealth; then by pleasing the p [...]ople with the vanitie of such like [Page 59] spectacles, which are not esteemed; because they are signes of riches: and not valour; and there is no man, that nowadayes is not therewith glutted, till his eyes are wearie againe. But I doe otherwise then I did at first make shew of. I said I would not write you mine opinion; yet I am entred vpon the particulars thereof. Wherefore I'le put off all this discourse till your returne. I giue you to vndersta [...]d, that great mat­ters are expected from you; and such as should proceede from one that is ex­ceeding rare for valour, and vnderstan­ding: For which you being, as you ought to be, and as I hope, prepared: We, that are your friends, and all the Cittizens, and the Common-wealth, shall be more bound vnto you for this, then for all the sports or shewes you can giue vs. Assure your selfe, that to mee no man is more deare then you, or more acceptable. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 4.

YOu know, there are diuers sorts of letters in vse [...] but the chiefest is that by which the cōueniencie was brought vs of writing, to giue notice vnto our friends, far off, about n [...]edfull matters, to vs, or them appertaining. Letters of [Page 60] this kinde I assure me, that you expect not from me. For, of your priuate oc­casions, you haue them that gi [...]es you notice, and those that brings you newes thereof: and in my [affaires] there is no new thing happened. There are yet found two o [...]her kinds of letters, which much please me: one familiar, and con­ceited: the other s [...]uere, and weightie. Of [...]hese, I k [...]ow not, which is least to my purpose. Should I be m [...]r [...]y with you? truely I doe not thinke, there is a Cittizen, that hath in these times any [...]ill to laugh. And in graue matters, Cicero canno [...] write to Curi [...]; except hee d [...]scourse of the Common-wealth, of which it is not safe at this time to speake what he thinkes. Wherefore not hauing other occasion to write, I will end after my wonted manner, and I will on [...]ou­ [...]age you to pretend [...]he height of glo­ry. Because it is necessary you should encounter that expectation, which hath so much oblieged you to people; and a­gainst this potent enemy, to fight man­fully. W [...]ch you shall easily ouer [...]ome, b [...]ing of opinion, that, if you will arriue vnto that height, which you desire, it is necessarie you should employ your selfe about those vertues, by which men get immortall honour. I would to this purpose write more at large if I did not faithfully beleeue, that without my words you were sufficien [...]ly inflamed: [Page 61] neither touched I this point to enflame you, but to manifest the affection, that I beare vnto you. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 5.

COnsider how the case stands with vs, when I dare not so much as write vnto you thereof. And although you are, wheresoeuer, (as I haue here­tofore written,) in the selfe same dan­ger: yet I am glad, that you are not at Rome: Be it either because you perceiue not that, which we see; or because your commendation is in a most eminent, and noble situation, in the view of ma­ny of our friends, & Cittizens: brought hither not by any obscure, or various relation, but notable, and immutable. Now know I not, wh [...]ther I ought to [...]eioyce, or fe [...]re, tha [...] there is an admi­rable expectatiō raised of your r [...]tu [...]ne: not because I doubt, that your vertue is not answerable vnto mens opinions; but indeed, because I feare you will find no employment for it, when you are re­turned; all laudable customes of our Countrey are now at length so impay­red, and almost extinguished. But be­cause I know not, whether this also, which I write, be written with securitie, I will leaue the remainder to be signifi­ed [Page 62] vnto you by others. Yet, you eith [...]r hauing, or not hauing any hope of the Common-wealth, doe for your part whatsoeuer befitteth a valorous Ci [...]ti­zen, and such an one as may hereafter restore the auncient libertie, and accu­stomed dignitie, to your countrey af­flicted, and oppressed with t [...]e miseries of the times, and wicked behauiour. Farewell.

Cicero to Curio. Ep. 6.

THere is yet no newes; of your ap­proching Italy. Neuerthelesse, be­cause it's thought it will not bee long ere you come. And being knowne for certaine, that you are already parted frō Asia, & are on your way to Rome; the great importance of the businesse hath forced mee, without any delay, to send this present messenger; which is Sex [...]us Villius, a familiar friend of my Mil [...]; I being exceeding de [...]irous, that this my let­ter may come vnto your hands with all expedition. If it were true, Curio, that you had such obligations to me, as you publikely speake of, which I hold no­thing; I would with more respect seeke after you, when I should haue occasion to aske any thing of you. Because a modest man shunneth, as much as is [Page 63] possible, to entreat a fauour from him, to whom he thinkes hee hath done any kindnesse; lest that, in place of a re­quest, hee should seeme to receiue as a dutie, that which hee demandeth; and to take it rather for payment, then a be­nefit. But being more manifest then the light, that I am exceedingly obliged vn­to you, through the nouelty of my mi­series, and calamities: and conside [...]ing that it becommeth a gentle spirit, to ac­cept willingly of a good turne from one, of whom other benefits haue been formerly receiued; I haue beene bold to request that of you by this letter, which aboue all oth [...]r things doth most im­port me. Because I neuer doubted that I should not be able to sway the waight of your good [...]urnes, though they were infinite; especially, considering that I am not of so weake, or poore a spirit, that I cannot assure my selfe abilitie, to bee capable of euery fauour, how great soeuer, and to remunerate the same, and [...]o exceed it. I haue deliberated with my selfe, to recollect what fauours I am able, to vnite all my forces, and all my thoughts, to draw Mil [...] vnto the dignitie of Consull: not so much to be esteemed courteous and louing, in the occasion of such a friend, as to shew my selfe grat [...]full, and ready to make acknowledgement, to one that hath beene so much my Benefactour. For I [Page 64] beleeue not, that euer any man liuing, had so great care of his owne health and substance, as I haue of his honour, which I esteeme equall with my life. And I am most assured, that if you will fauour him, [...]urther meanes will not be requisite. For we haue already all these things; the stay of those that are ho­nest, which are affectionated to him, by reason th [...]t he being Tribune, laboured on my behalfe; the fauour of the peo­ple, [...]or the magnificence of the shewes, and because they know him of a f [...]ee disposition; the attendance of the young men, and those [...]h [...]t are beloued of the people, because they see him al [...]o beloued, and know how diligent hee is in the like occasions. And there is l [...]st of all the fauour, which I afford him: which, though of it selfe it bee not of that quality, that it can doe much, yet, because it is knowne to be iust, and due, and full of gratefull affection, perad­uenture for this cause, if not [...]or any thing else, it will produce some fruit. We want st [...]ll a head, and one th [...]t m [...]y as it were, moderate these windes, and gou [...]rne th [...]m: whom if wee should choose out of many, we should not find a b [...]t [...]r [...]h [...]n your selfe. Wherefore, if you haue an opinion, that I am a thank­full, and honest man; as you may be­leeue, seeing me take th [...]t paines th [...]t I doe, [...]or Milo; and to bee s [...]ort, if you [Page 65] hold mee worhty of your fauours; let me entreat you to grant this my desire, of your bestowing your fauour vpon this my commendation, or, (to speake better) vpon my welfare. And of the aforesaid Milo I promise you, that if it shall please you to embrace him, you shall not finde a friend more couragi­ous, graue, constant, and beneuolous towards you; besides, my obligation, for the honour, which will redound vn­to me by this action, shall bee no whit inferiour to that, which I haue already vnto you, [...]or hauing assisted mee in my returne from banishment. I know you are not ignorant, how much I am obli­ged to Milo, and consequently, how much I ought to helpe him in this his demand; I meane, not onely when it were need [...]ull to contend ciuilly, but to [...]ight with weapons. Therefore I will say no more. I recommend to you this cause, and remit my selfe vnto your loue. And assure you, that for such a courtesie, I shall hold my selfe in a man­ner more bound vnto you, then I am to Milo himselfe, for hauing restored mee into my Countrey. Because the con­tent was not so great, that I [...]ound of my freedom, which he principally pro­cured; as the sweetnesse shall be, which I shall taste in shewing him that thank­ [...]ulnesse, which his receiued good turns merited: and so much I esteem of your [Page 66] fauour, that I doubt not, but by it alone, our suits may fully bee accomplished. Farewell.

Cicero, Vice-Consull; to Caius Curio, Tribune of the people. Ep. 7.

FRi [...]ds were not wont to bee repre­hended, though they slowly reioyce at other mens good fortunes, so their sl [...]cknesse proceeded not from negli­gence. For I liue far off, and newes comes hither but slowly. I reioyce then, that you haue obtained the Tri­buneship, and I desire, euen from my heart, that you may purchase therein e­ternall praise. Further, I ex [...]ort you, that in all things you cleaue to your owne wisdome, and bee not led by the nose, through other mens perswasions. No man can better aduise you, then your selfe. You shall neuer erre, if you sticke to your owne counsels. I write not this without iust cause. I know to whom I write it. I can iudge of your vnderstanding and wisdome. Questi­onlesse, being directed by your owne iudgement, you will neuer enter into a­ny ignoble, or vnworthy actions: nei­ther will you euer [...]ather any other, then discreet proceedings. And, being in [Page 67] these hard times of the Common-wealth possessed of your place (not by chance; but by your discretion: not by accident, b [...]t election; and at this time, when the state of publique affaires is in danger) I am certaine, you per­ceiue, how farre the nature of times, beare sway in the gouernment there­of, what great varietie of affaires there is, how doubt [...]ull their ends are, and how easily the humors of men bend, sometimes this, sometimes that way. Nor make I any question, but you vnderstand, that all negotiati­ons in this world, are carried with co­lour, and deceit. Open therefore your eyes, [I say] open them [...] a [...]d doe as I haue directed you: follow your owne course, and onely rely on your owne counsels. A man should hardly find one, that can better aduise another, then you: who then should better direct your selfe? Good God, why am I not at Rome? that I might bee an eye-wit­nesse of your honours, and as it were, enioy a part in them; and bee at hand to aduise and coūsell you [...] Though you haue no such need: yet the sincerity and greatnes of my loue towards you, would so worke, that my faithfull in­structions might stand you in some stead. But at another time, I'le write more at large, for within a few dayes, I mean to dispatch priuate messengers, [Page 68] to informe suddenly the Senate, briefly of the victories, wee obtained ouer our enemies, all the last summer. By your free-man Thraso, I wrote vnto you, how diligent I was about your Priest­hood, and the difficulties I met with­all. Deere Curio, by the vnfained loue wee beare one another, I entreat you, that you will suffer mee to spend no longer time, in the gouernment of this Prouince, of which I now grow exceeding weary. I spake vnto you hereof, at Rome, no wayes supposing, you should this yeere haue beene Tri­bune. And the same suit I often re­newed by letters: but, then I sought your fauour, as a noble Senator, and a young Gentle-man generally beloued. Now I importune it, as from a Tri­bune of the people, nay, as from Curio the Tribune. I pray therfore be pleas'd, to vse all meanes, not of comming to new consultation, which ordinarily is the more [...]edious course, but rather to preuent the same: by requesting, that I may be tyed to those conditions enioy­ned me, when I tooke vpon me this go­uernment; which are extant in the Se­nates decree, and by the Lawes pre­scribed. Let mee by all meanes craue thus much of you. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to M [...]rcus Coelius. Ep. 8.

THis is not that which I expected from you: It may be you thought, I requi [...]ed you to write vnto me of fen­sing encount [...]rs, the issues of suites, or of the thefts of Chr [...]stus: but I meant no such matter: for these are things, that when I was in Rome, no man would pre­sume to acquaint me with. What look't I for then? obserue, in what nature I esteeme you, (and not without cause, for in all my dayes, certainely I haue not knowne a more vnderstanding man then your selfe in Common-wealth causes) not that I care so much to haue such triuiall matters imparted to me, nay, nor will I that you should certifie me of matters, of farre higher conse­quence, daily discussed of in the Com­monwealth, except they concerned my selfe: for, other ma [...]ters come diue [...]se wayes to mine [...]ares, and fame it selfe will relate them to me. I expect not therefore from you, either things past, or present, but r [...]ther those future, and to come, as from a man that is cleare, and farre sighted, that beholding a draught of the Common wealths mo­dell in your letters, I may conceiue what the whole structure will be. But I [Page 70] excuse you for not hauing sent me it [...]itherto, because nothing hath fallen out, that any of vs might not forsee as wel as you; you might rather haue fore­seene, then any of vs, and especially my selfe, who was sundry daies in Pompeies companie, and euer in discourses of the Common-wealth, which neither can nor ought to be exprest in writing. Let me onely tell you, that Pompeius is a fa­mous, and faithfull Cittizen, and hee wants neither courage, nor prudence, to constitute those ordinances for the preseruation of the Common-wealth, which are fit and expedient: And ther­fore I would wish you, to offer him your loue: do but obserue how cheere­fully he accepts of it. For now at length he holds that those are good, and those bad Cittizens, that we were wont to hold so. I stayed in Athens ten whole dayes, where our good friend Gallus Caninius kept me alwayes companie. Vpon this present, being the sixt of Iu­lie, I am to depart. I commend all my businesses, to your speciall care, but a­boue all my desire is, that things may so be wrought, that this office of mine may not be proroged. How you should carrie your selfe herein, I know you need not my direction; I will remit my selfe vnto your wisedome. Farewell.

Cicero Vice consull to Marcus Coelius Rufus, chosen AEDILE Curule. Epist. 9.

I Am very glad, both for mine owne, and for your sake; of the dignitie lately conferred on you, and for that which you attend hereafter. And, though I doe this office slackly, it is not out of negligence, but because I heare not how matters passe at Rome, the iourney being long, and the wayes en­combred with theeues, which cuts off the expedition of newes. I am glad then, not onely for your present honor, but for those also, that are expected to succeed the same. And besides my con­tentment, I finde my selfe deepely bound vnto you: neither can I deuise words to expresse my thankes, because you are come to it by such a meanes, that you haue giuen vs a subiect of that condition, that will euer minister vnto vs matter of laughter. So soone as I heard of it, I set before my imagination the person of that man; (you know whom I meane) and I represented vnto my thoughts, those his youths, of whom he so vainely gloried. I am scarce able to speak for laughing But, contemplating, [...]ou [Page 72] absent, me thought I spake thus vnto you. I regard not how great a matter you haue compassed; nor what offence you haue committed. And in that the busi­nesse had better issue then I expected. That saying came to my minde. I am told that, that is impossible. But presently I became full of all ioy. For which be­ing rebuked, as if I had beene halfe ou [...] of my wits, I excused my selfe thus:

What should I say more? while I scoffe at him, I seeme as verie a [...]oole as him­selfe. Heere I'le make a stop. Another time, when I haue more leisure, I will write more copiously vnto you, both of this and many other things that concerne you. Rufus, I must needes loue you, because Fortune hath made you a friend, to augment my honour; and curbe, not onely mine enemies; but euen such also as enuie me: that those may bee sorry for their bad and dishonest parts; and these for their ap­parant follies. Farewell.

Cicero Imp [...]rator, to Marcus Coelius Rufus Elected Aedile Curule. Ep. 10.

I Cannot bee perswaded, that you wrote not to mee since your being made, Aedile, especially being elected with such disgrace to the honest man you wo [...] of, and so much ioy of your [...]riends. But howsoeuer, since this hap­pie Crea [...]ion, that so reioyced my heart, I neuer heard one word from you: which makes me [...]eare least my letters should miscarry as wel as yours, and be intercepted by the way. I assure you, I neuer wrote to mine owne house but you had a letter: neither could I doe otherwi [...]e, the wo [...]ld not affording me a dearer, or greater friend [...]hen your selfe. Be care [...]ull t [...]erefore by whom you send me letters. Behold Coelius how it fall [...] out according to [...]our owne desire: I shall gaine a Tri­ [...]mphant crowne without [...]oyning [...]attaile with the Parthians; of whom [...]ou doubted, knowing [...]hat my power was but weake, to encounter so strong [...]n enemie. Conceiue therefore; that when I heard of the Part [...]ians approch [...]nd remembred how w [...]ake I was in [...]ouldiers; I re [...]ired to places of ad­ [...]antage; and so came to Amanus tru­sting [Page 74] to the strength of that situation. I had in mine Armie, a companie of ve­ry good outlandish men. The moun­tanous people, who neuer knew me o­th [...]rwise then by Fam [...], came flocking in to see mee. For in this countrie I manie times ouer-heare these words; Is this that Cicero which deliuered Rome from the Treason, of those cons [...]ira­tors: to whom the Senate, &c. When I ar [...]iued at Amanus, which is a mountain that seperates mine, from B [...] ­bulu [...] his prouince, by a [...]orrent; C [...]sius, to my singular contentmēt, had fought so victoriously, that he had driuen the enemie from the siege of Anti [...]chia [...] Bibulus had taken vpon him the Go­uernement of his Prouince; and I, with all my forces pursued certaine re­bells of Amanus, who had [...]uer been [...] enemies vnto vs. Many of them wer [...] slaine, many were by vs taken: the r [...]i [...]fled some into one, some into another quarter. A few strong places there were, which we suddainely surprising, to [...]ke, and set one fier. And this victorie w [...]s of that import, as I deserued to be [...]n [...]tituled, by the Armie, IMPERA­TOR, according to the mann [...]r [...] And this honour I receiued before Issus, where Clitarchus told you, that Dariu [...] was vanquished by Alexander. Th [...] p [...]rformed, I marched along with mi [...] Armie, to certaine fortifications, which [Page 75] dai [...]ie [...]orraged all Cilicia: and now I am b [...]fore an exceeding strong towne, called P [...]ndenissus, which I haue bel [...]a­guerd th [...]se fiue and twentie daies, with argi [...]es, vine [...], or shelters, and turrets: [...]nd were it [a towne] of note, I might hope thereby to win much honour [...] [...]or b [...]leeue me 'tis as difficult, and dangerous an enterprise, as could bee vnder [...]ak [...]n: If I take it in, (as I make no doubt) the Senate shall forthwith be aduer [...]ised therof. These precedent circumstances I thought good to let you know, for your further hopes of that [...]uccesse, which you desire. But to returne to the Parthians, wee haue past ouer this Somm [...]r, with reasonable e­uent, to our satisfaction; but 'tis very doubtfull what may heereafter ensue. And therefore noble Rufus, vse your best endeauours to procure mee a suc­cessor in [...]his charge; or, if this (as you write, and I suppose) be hard to com [...]passe, let not my Com [...]and in any wise be prolonged: for this will readily bee granted Furthermore, I instantly re­quest you, to write vnto me of the state, not onely of present, but future affaires: and vouchsafe heerein to bee ve [...]y vigilant, and care [...]ull. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 11.

WOuld you euer thinke I could want words, and not you [...]s onely so elegant, but euen those vulgar [termes] that ordinarilie passe betwixt vs? yet this want doe I finde: for, in that I am much troubled with the feare of what will be resolued on, about the Prouinces; I am exceeding desiro [...]s [...]o returne to Rome: I can forbeare the sight of my friends no longer: I am in­comparablie wearie of my Prouince: ei [...]her because I haue alreadie purcha­sed such fame, that I need not so much labour to augment it, as feare, least Fortune diminish it; or in that thi [...] employment, is not propo [...]tion [...] ­ble to my forces, which can, and ha [...]e susteyned farre waightier burdens o [...] the Common-weal [...]h; or else in very deed, because an hot warre is lookt [...]or, which may be auoyded, as I suppose, if I be suff [...]red to depart at the time ap­pointed. As for your Panthers, I haue spoken to diuers who t [...]ke them, that they should by all means get me some: but th [...]y light on so few now, as 'tis wonderfull; and they too, as men com­monly say, complaine exceedingly, that all th [...]ngs are secure in my prou [...]nce [Page 77] besides themselues, and therefore they resolued to passe ouer into Cariae. Not­withstanding, they dailie looke for some there, and especially from Patis­cus; those that are found shall bee all yours; but yet I tell you not how ma­ny. Out of doubt your Aedil [...]ship gaue mee heartie contentment, and this present time renued the memori­all thereof: for I wrote this letter on the Festiuall day of the great Mother of the Gods. I pray send me a particu­lar information, of the whole state of the common-wealth, because I may boldly build vpon the truth of your ad­uertisements. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 12.

THE great rumors, which, (as I heard) fell out in Rome, on the fe­stiuall dayes of the goddesse Minerua, by reason of speeches made vnto the people; keepe my minde I assure you, in continuall trouble, because I could neuer heare further of it: and yet that which most grieues me is, that among these sturres, if there be any thing wor­thie of laughter, I cannot make my selfe merrie with you: for I well know, there are many [th [...]ngs] but I dare [Page 78] not write them. One thing I dislike, that you would neuer vouchsafe to cer­tifie me, what hapned in Rome. Wher­fore vpon the receipt of this letter, though the prescribed time of my Go­vernment will be out, yet would I bee glad to meet with yours, to bee truely acquainted with the present state of the Common-wealth: to the end, when I ar [...]ue, I may not bee a meere stranger. Your friend Diogenes, a very discreet, and well gou [...]rn'd man, went from me, with Philo in his company, from Pessi­nus, to go seeke King Deiotarus, though they know well enough, that he is nei­ther rich, nor bountifull. Liue in Rome, ô Rufus, that is, in the eie of the world, Men in other places become base, and obscure; who in Rome through indu­strie, might quickly grow famous. Ha­uing eu [...]r knowne thus much, and from my tend [...]r youth beleeued so, I would I had beene constant in this opinion. To tell you true, I esteeme more of a [...]riendly walke, and familiar discourse betweene our selues, then of whatsoe­uer honor, or profit may accrew from my Prouince. 'Tis questionlesse, that this gouernment will conferre vpon me, the respect, and commendation of in [...]egritie: and my gaines therein had beene as much, had I remained at Rome. Oh, but you will tell mee of a Tri­umph: What more glorious Triumph [Page 79] is there, then to enioy the presence of those things that are most deere vnto me, from which I haue so long beene absent. But I verily hope to see you [...]hortly. On my way let me meet with letters, worthie your selfe. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 13.

THough your letters bee rare, (and those peraduenture sometimes not faithfully deliuered me) yet doe they yeeld mee great contentment. What wisdome might I perceiue in your last? how louingly and prudently you aduise me? and though I was resolued to take the same course, that you prescribe me, yet when the opinions of wise men and faithfull friends concur with our owne, wee like our former determination the better. I loue Appius deerely, as I haue many times told you: and hee seem'd no lesse to loue me, presen [...]ly after wee were reconciled. For both being Con­sull, he gaue mee great respect and ho­nour: and he conuersed with me most louingly; and appeared also to [...]ffect those studies, to which I was addicted. And I for my part, haue omitted no oc­casion, wh [...]rein I might doe him any [Page 80] pleasure: of which I desire no other witnesse, then your selfe; for, Phania's testimonie, I thinke, is of no great au­thoritie. And I loue him the better, be­cause hee professeth so much loue to­wards you [...] Besides this, you know how deere Pompeius is vnto mee, and that I loue B [...]utus with all my heart. Why should I not [...]raine my selfe to fa­uour him? Is hee not of a flourishing age, rich, and powerfull? Is h [...]e not gotten to a high degree of honour? Hath he not a rare wit? Doth hee not abound in progeny, kindred & friends? And which is more, is he not my Col­league? Hath he not dedicated his in­uention [...] vnto mee? I am transported thus far, to remoue from you that suspi­tion, which our letters imply of my af­fection towards him. You must needes haue heard something. But be assured, they are deceiued. And though in my Prouinciall managings, I take some dif­ferent courses from his; whereupon some may suppose, that I doe this ra­ther out of a secret hatred, then through diuersity of opinion, yet did I neuer ei­ther say, or doe any thing, with a pre­iudiciall intention to his honour. And this case excepted, which Dolobella's te­merity hath exposed mee vnto, I am ready to become an humble Sutor for him in any d [...]nger One part of your letter, where you write that the Ci [...]y [Page 81] sleepes, reioyced me much, conceiuing thereby, that, that same friend of ours, was growne cold. But the last words of your hand-writing, peirced my ve­ry heart. What? doth Curio defend Caesar? Who, but my selfe, would be­leeue it? for, as I liue, I thought so. Oh how I desire to laugh with you. Be­cause I had visited all parts of my Pro­uince, and made you a relation thereof, and that I had enriched: he Cities, and p [...]rswaded the people to pay the custo­mers, not only the impositions of these present fiue yeeres, but the remainder also of those fiue that are past: and had [...]ound no condition of men, but did thinke well therof; I determined the seu [...]nth of May, to passe into Cilicia: and after I had beene at the Campe, and h [...]d taken speedy order, for what­soeuer concerned the Army; to take my iourney towards Rome, according as the Senate decreed. I would faine see you in your Aedile-ship. And I thinke euery day a yeere, till I bee in Rome, and amongst my friends; but e­specially with your selfe. Fa [...]ewell.

Cicero, Imperator; to Marcus Coelius, Aedile Cur [...]le. Epist. 14.

THere is great familiarity, between me, and Marcus Fabius, a very ho­nest & a learned man: And I loue him heart [...]ly, not so much for his wit and learning, which is great, as for rare mo­desty I [...]ee in him. I recommend vnto you his cause, with the same care and loue, as if it were mine owne. I know the custome of you great Lawyers; you receiue no Client vnder an Homi­cide. But in this mans case, no excuse can se [...]ue you. If you wish me well, lay all other businesse apart, when Fabius shall need your helpe I am very desi­rous to vnderstand, how matters goe at Rome: and aboue the rest, I would know how you dispose of your selfe, it being long since I heard any newes at all: but this hard winter is the cause thereof. Farewell.

Cicero, Imperator; to Marcus Coelius, Aedile Curule. Epist. 15.

I Could haue wished no greater pru­dence, or expedition, then you and Curio vsed, in obtaining my suites [...] which giues mee speciall satisfaction; both for their speedy prosecution, and also in that our Competitor, who was angrie with vs, hath approued in the Senate of those high praises, where­with C [...]to honoured me, in relating my actions. Now prouide your selfe to procure me the Tri [...]mph also: for I hope to obtain it. I am glad [...]ou haue a good opinion of Dolobella, and withall, that you loue him. Whereas you say, my Tullia's discretion must bee the best meanes, to correct some of his defects, I know you speake this, for that which you once wro [...]e vnto mee about him: what [...]ould you say now, if you saw, what I then wrote to Appius: But what should we doe? Thus goes the world. God send mee good of this affinity, and that Dolob [...]lla may proue as good a [...]o [...] in law, as we desire, and as I hope he will proue, the rather for the good instructions you may giue him, out of your accustomed good conditions, and nature. N [...]w, I am wonderfully per­plexed [Page] about the Common-wealth. I am a friend to Curio; I affect Caesars ho­nour: I could spend my life for Pom­peius: yet I loue the Common-wealth aboue all other [...] Labour not you much in this behalfe, for me thinks I perceiue you are taking care: in that you would bee both a good Citizen, and a good friend. I ha [...]e resign'd ouer the gouern­ment of my Prouince to Coelius, my Quaestor. To a childe, youl'le say? And I answer, To a Quaestor, and a braue noble youth: And all haue al­most don the like; & there was no man, that for his honor and worth, was more worthie of it. Pontinius departed long before. My brother Quintus had refused the charge: And say I had also left it him; euill mindes might haue repor­ted, that this was no leauing of a charge, when hee but surrenders it to a Brother. And they peraduenture would haue added: that the Senates meaning was, the gouernment of Prouinces should be giuen onely to them, that ne­uer before had the like office: and that my brother held the gouernment of Asia, [...]or three whole yeeres. In a word, I am rid of all care: If I had left my brother there: I should haue fear'd eue­ry blast of winde. Neither did I this out of mine owne braine, but led by the example of such men; who being v [...]ry mightie, yet sought the generall [Page 85] amity of the Cassij, & Antenij. Though for my part, I stroue not so much, to win this young man; as not to o [...]fend, and make him an enemie; As I should h [...]ue done in giuing this dignity to any other. You ought to app [...]oue of this my course, if for nought els, at least be­cause there is no retiring backward You write very darkly to me, touching Occila, neither finde I any thing in the Records. Your actions are so spread a­broad, that your very marriage is knowne beyond mount Taurus. If the E [...]sterly windes stay me not, I hope out of hand to see you. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Marcus Coelius Aedile. Ep. 16.

YOur l [...]tters would haue brough [...] me much griefe, but that as w [...]ll mine owne reason free'd me of all cares; as also, my minde being long time plūged in despaire, is now become so obdurate, that it entertaineth no new sorrow, yet I know not what the contents of my former letters might be, through which you should so cen­sure of things as you write. I com­plain'd of the present troubles, where­at you also grieued: For I neuer found you so blind in vnde [...]standing, but that [Page 86] you could see the same, which I dis­cerne. One thing I wonder at, that you who should know me so well, should euer be induc [...]d to thinke, that I am ei­ther so inconsiderate, that when I may sa [...]le securely, I will beare out into the m [...]ine: or so inconstant, that in an in­stant I should shake off the fauour of so mightie a man, which I haue with so long t [...]auaile obtained: and be an ene­mie to my selfe, by my personall assi­stance in a ciuill warre, which from the beginning, and alwai [...]s I haue shunned [...] what is then this my pensiue resolu [...]i­on? peraduenture to retire me into some solitarie place, for you may be sure [...] that not onely my mind, to which yours once was answerable, but also mine eies cannot endu [...]e to behold the i [...]solencies of some vnwo [...]thy persons. Whereunto is to be added this trouble­some pompe of my Lictors, and this imperiall title, which hath b [...]ene impo­sed on me. For if this were not, my bur­den would be faire more tollerable. I could be content, to withdraw my selfe, into any obscure, or s [...]litary place within Italy; but this my dignitie, lai [...]s me open, no [...] to th [...] eyes onely, but to t [...]e tongues also of such as are maleuo­lent: and yet I neuer determine to leaue Italy withou [...] your pr [...]uit [...]e. But least I should be t [...]oublesome to my friends, I am cons [...]rained to liue at these little [Page 87] Farmes I haue vpon the Sea coast. And vpon this, diuers suspect, that I mind to passe the Seas, which peraduenture would stand with my liking, if I thought to arriue in some peaceable part. For it besitteth not me to goe to warre, prin­cipally against one, to whom I haue al­wayes shewed my selfe a friend: and in his assistance, to whom I can neuer be thankefull enough. And you cannot but carry in mind, what I once so free­ly told you, when you met me at Cuma­num. Remember you not then, how far I was from abandoning Rome? And when some speech grew of leauing it, did I not protest vnto you, that I w [...]uld rather stand to all chances, then fo [...]sake Italy, to enter into a ciuill warre? Hath any thing since fallen out to make mee alter my minde? rather all accidents haue concurred, to maintaine my for­mer resolution. I sweare vnto you, and I suppose you doe bele [...]u [...] me; that a­midst these miseries I seeke nothing els, but that men may perceiue, that as I haue alwayes affected peace; so b [...]ing out of hope to effect it, I haue s [...]unned ciuill warre with all my power I hope, I shall neuer repent my s [...]lfe of this my constancie. For if Qui [...]tus H [...]rtensius was wont to boast, that he neuer [...]ssi­sted in a ciuill w [...]r [...]; [...]uch more should I be commended for the same. For in him it was repu [...]ed but a kinde of co­wardize; [Page 88] And my former proceedings remoue this imputation. Neither am I dismaid at those dangers, which your viscerall loue, propounds vnto me; be­cause there is no kind of disaster, which seemes not to oppresse euery one in these troublesome times: from which questionlesse with mine owne particu­lar preiudice, and [...]uen with those which you exhort me to shunne, I would most willingly haue freed the Common-wealth. To my sonne, whom I am glad you so dearely esteeme, if the Common-wealth stand firme, I shall leaue a rich patrimony, in leauing him the memor [...]all of my name. But if the Common wealth dissolue, no worse can come to his share, then falls [...]o other Cittize [...]s. Whereas you pray me, to be carefull of my sonne in law, a worthie young man, and deare vnto me, you may well coniecture, that I am neerely toucht on his behalfe, conside­ring the [...]ntire loue I beare to him, and my daughter Tullia. And I tell you thus much, that amongst the common miseri [...]s, the small hope I had, was, that he would [...]uoid all those molestations, which his ou [...]r-free disposition made him runne into. Enquire I pray you; while he remain'd in Rome, what dayes were they, how bitter to himselfe, and to me his Father in law how dishonou­rable? Therefore, I neither attend the [Page 89] end of the warre in Spaine; which I am certaine will be such, as you write vnto me; nor haue I any other stratagem in my head. If the Cittie euer recouer her former state, vndoubtedly, there shall be also some place for vs: if it shall no [...] recouer, I beleeue that you also will re­tire to the same so [...]itary places, where you heare we are setled. But I dreame perhaps; and all these things may haue a better issue, then we expect. For I call to mind the feares of those, which were old when I was a young man. Who knowes, whithe [...] I am not come to be of the same disposition, following the common defect of my yeares? God graunt, it proue so: but yet I am sure you haue heard, that there is an imbro­dered gowne a weauing for Oppius. And our friend Cur [...]ius will haue one twice dyed: but the Dyer makes him d [...]u [...]ce attendance. I would needs put in this clause, that you might perceiue, that I can still be merrie, though I be a little moued. I desire, you may see that come to passe of Dol [...]bella, which I haue told yo [...]. And make reckoning, that it is your owne case. To conclude, be assu­red, [...]hat I will do nothing without my friends counsel: but I beseech you, that whereso [...]uer I shall be, you will defend both me, and my children in such sort, as best stands with our amitie, and you [...] owne loyaltie. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Caninius Salustius Vice-quaestor. Epist. 17.

YOur officer on the xvii. of Iulie, deliuered me your letters at Tarsis: whereunto I will particularly answere, as you seeme to desire. I heare not a word of any Successor in my place, neither doe I thinke, that any man shall succeed. There is nothing to the con­trary, why I may not depart, at the [...]ime appointed; especially all feare of the Parthian warre being taken away. And I thinke not to stay in any place, I haue an opinion, that I shall goe as fa [...]re as Rhodes, to see my sonne; and nephew, But I dare not assure you [...]hereof. I would faine be with all spe [...]d in R [...]me, yet I'le proceed in my voy [...]ge accord­ing to the intelligence, that I shall re­ceiue from thence. And according as I shall thinke, that it may turne to the benefit of the Common-wealth Your Successor cannot come so soone, that you may meete me in Asia. Whe [...]e you tell me, that Bibulus grau [...]ts you an ample [...]reedome, from rendring an ac­compt of that you haue receiued; I gr [...]unt you it were good for you that it w [...]re so, bu [...] I am not of opin [...]on, that the law Iulia will tollerate it: which [Page 91] Bibulu [...] obserues not for some peculiar reasons of his owne [...] but if you approue of my counc [...]ll: I would aduise you to obserue it. In that you write, I should not di [...]furnish Apamea of men; I see that some are of the same opinion, and I am very sorrie, that I haue g [...]u [...]n oc­cas [...]on to malignant spirits to pra [...]tle thereof so vntowardly. Whether the Parthians are return'd or no, besides your selfe, I know no man makes doubt: and because this newes was generally divulged for certaine, I ca­sheered so great a number of choice souldiers; whom, I had placed in the guarisons of the Citties. It was not [...]rue, that I sent you, my Qu [...]sto [...]s ac­compts; nor, were they yet finished [...] I meane to leaue a cop [...]ie of them in A­pamea. Concerning th [...] bootie, that came to my hand [...] in th [...]s war, no man laid hand vpo [...]'t, nor shall touch one farthing thereo [...], [...]xcept the Quaestors of Rome, that is, the people of Rome: I am minded to returne all the common treasure, by the Bankers of Laodicea. From whom I will take securi [...]ie, that it m [...]y be paid in without my daunger: Whereas you mooue me in a matter of [...]e [...] thousand crownes, I can in no sort furnish you: because one part of the treasure, amoun [...]ing of the spo [...]le, is al­readie in the conueyers hands: and mine owne portion the Quaestor hath [Page 92] receiued. For your d [...]mand, concer­ning my opinion of the Legions, which by the Senates order, are to come into Syria: at fi [...]st I doubted, whether they should come or no: but now I assure my selfe, that they shall not come, when they shall vnderstand, that there is no daunger of warre in Syria. I see well enough, that Marius, successor to Bibulus will ar [...]iue very late, because or­der was set downe, that he should bring men along with him. I haue answered one o [...] your letters, now I come to an­other. You intreat me, that I would write to Bibulus in your behalfe, with all importunitie possible. To which I answere, tha [...] I am readie herei [...] to giue you all con [...]en [...]ment: but yet I haue some cause to complaine of you, that alone, amongst all those which are about Bibulus, you did not aduer [...]ise me of the euill opinion, that he conceiu [...]s of me without cause. For many haue told me, that Antiochia being in great feare, and much hope being repo [...]ed in me and my armie, he should say, that he would rather suffer any extremity, then seeme to haue need of my ayde. And, that you haue concealed this from mee displeaseth me not, vnderstanding what respect a Quaestor should beare [...]o a Praetor. And I heard before, what termes he stood vpon wi [...]h you. More­ouer, when he wrote to Thermus touch­ing [Page 93] the Parthian warre, I had not so [...]uch as the least word from him con­cerning it; to whom he knew well, that the d [...]ung [...]r of that warre did apper­taine. Neither did he euer w [...]ite vnto m [...], more [...]hen once, to recommend his sonne vnto me when he s [...]ood for the Augureship. Wh [...]reupon I, mo [...]ed by compassion, [...]nd bec [...]use I [...]uer affected his sonne, I would not but answere him very courteously: but if he be of that humor, [...]hat he beares an euill mind to euery man, which I could neuer be­l [...]eue, I ought to care [...]he l [...]sse, t [...]ough he loues not me neither. But if he haue any particular hatred to my selfe, my l [...]tters will stand you in small st [...]ad That he ha [...]es me, I manifestly discerne by this, that he hath written to the Se­nate, how he hath vsed all endeuou [...]s, that the money might be made ou [...]r by exchange, to the peoples aduantage; at [...]ibu [...]ing onely to himselfe that glo­rie, which was no l [...]sse mine then his owne: saying fu [...]ther, that he was the man, who sent backe the troupes of h [...]rse of Lombardie, to ease the people of such a charge: which was my action, and none of hi [...]. He hath afterwards made me partaker of a businesse, which concernes himsel [...]e onely; affirming that the prouision of prouender for the oullandish horse, was demaunded by vs both. But what more manifest testi­monie [Page 94] o [...] his malignant, and [...]a [...]e na­ture can be requir'd, [...]hen [...] w [...]it [...]ng to A [...]io [...]arz [...]n [...]s, to whom, the Senate at m [...] [...]q [...]st, had giuen the title o [...] Ki [...]g, he stiled him not K [...]ng, but soone [...]o King A [...]i [...]barzanes It is not good to commend any one, to men of that con­dition; because in such a ca [...]e they doe worse. But, to doe you [...] pleasure, I haue written to him. Abou [...] the d [...]li­uering, or not deliuering i [...], vse your owne discretion. Far [...]well.

Cicero Imperator, to Quintus Thermus Vice praetor. Epist. 18.

I Am very glad, that my endeauours for Rhodon, and other fauours that I haue shewed to your most gratefull selfe, and yours, haue beene accepta­ble. And perswade your selfe, that daily, more and more, I affect your honour: the which by your iustice, and clemencie, you ha [...]e indeed, alrea­die so amplified, that it seemes not, that any thing more can bee added there­unto. But ruminating euery day vpon your occasions, I cannot but like well of my coun [...]ell, that I gaue to Aristo, from th [...] beginning, when hee came to finde me: it seeming vnto me, that you [Page 95] would draw vpon your selfe too pow­erfull an enm [...]ie, i [...] this young man, who is po [...]ent and migh [...]i [...], [...]ould re­ceiue such an ini [...]rie f [...]om you. And doubtl [...]ss [...] it might [...]e well t [...]rmed an iniu [...]ie: beca [...]s [...] [...]h [...]re is no [...] any man, whom the [...] o [...] ho [...]or exceedeth hi [...]. And h [...], (le [...] vs [...] aside his nobi­litie,) in thi [...] r [...]sp [...]ct, is sup [...]riour to your L [...]gates, (m [...]n certainelie of ho­n [...]st condition, and h [...]rmlesse p [...]rsons,) in that he is not onely Quaestor, but your owne Quaes [...]or. I vnderstand suf­ficiently, that no mans il [...] will can pre­iudice y [...]u: but yet I would not there­fore, th [...]t thre [...] Bre [...]hren of a most no­ble familie, cou [...]agious, and eloquent, should be angrie with you, especially, vpon som [...] ground. Fo [...] I see, that they are all three, like to be Tribunes of the people, one after an other; and who knowes the cond [...]ion of times, which shall succeed in the Common-wealth, I for my part, am of opinion, that there will be troubles. Why therefore, would you expose your selfe, to [...]he displeasure of th [...] Tribunes? especi­ally, wh [...]n, witho [...]t any checke, you may preferre the Quaestor before the Legates: who, if he follow the steps of his predecessors, [...]s I hope and desire; your selfe shall par [...]icipa [...] of his com­mendation: if otherwis [...], the whole infamie will redowne to himselfe one­ly. [Page 96] Going into Cilicia, I thought good to write my opinion vnto you. I pray God, that whatsoeuer you doe, may turne to your owne contentment. But if you'le follow my aduise, you shall a­uoid these oppositions, and bee carefull of the quietnesse of your posteritie. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Caius Coeli­us, sonne to Lucius, elected Quaestor. Epist. 19.

WHEN I heard the wished newes, of your being elected my Quaestor, I was in hope, that from thence, so much the greater content­ment should redound vnto me, by how much the longer you were like to con­tinue with me in the Prouince: and it was very necessarie, that to the neare tye of amitie, by which fortune hath linked vs, familiar conuersation should also be annexed. Afterwards, because neither your selfe, nor any other wrote vnto me of your comming, I doubted (as still I doe) least I should depart from the Prouince, before you ariued there: I since receiued your letters, written with singular humanitie, which were deliuer'd me, the xxii. of Iune in Cilicia, where I was with the Armie. [Page 97] And in those, I discouer'd your courte­ous, and inge [...]uous nature: bu [...] they doe not expresse, neither from whence, nor when they were dated, or at what time I should expect you; neit [...]er could I know it from the bearer, be­cause you told him not. Which circum­stances being vncertaine, I determined notwithstanding, to send my S [...]ators, and Lictors, with these pr [...]sent letters: the which if you receiue timelie e­nough, I should be very glad, that you would out of hand come vnto mee in­to Cilicia: your cos [...]n Curio (and as you know) my deare friend, and Caiu [...] Vir­ginius your kinsman, and our familiar acquaintance, haue written effectually to me in your recommendation, and questionles, they haue wrought the same effect th [...]y worthilie did merit, but yet your letters were of greater [...]f­fect, especially being written, of your new dignitie, which vnto both of vs will giue occasion of a more inward amitie. Fortune could not allot mee a Quaestor, more pleasing vnto mee then your selfe: and therefore I will doe a­ny thing to aduance your honour: [...]hat all men may clearely discerne, that I haue had a du [...] respect both to you [...] owne, and the dignitie o [...] your Ances­to [...]s. But this I may th [...] better eff [...]ct, if you come vnto mee in Cilicia, the which, in my opinion, greatly impor­teth [Page 98] both mee, the Common-wealth, and your selfe especially. Farewell.

Cicero to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Epist. 1.

I Know your Freeman Phania, to be so discreet, and haue noted him so vigilant, in obseruing what is done in the Common-wealth, th [...]t if her selfe could possiblie informe you of her owne state, I cannot thinke shee could giue you the [...]in, better satisfacti­on then he can giue you. wherefo [...]e he [Page 100] can sufficiently enforme you of all things. And it is a good excuse for my breuitie: besides, for some othe [...] respects, it is also more secure. But for my loue to you, though the said Phani­a can say enough, yet I thinke it not altogether impertinent, that my selfe likewise, assure you thereof. Be there­fore most secure, that you are very deare vnto me, both for the estimable parts of your wit, nobilitie, and cour­tesie; as further, because you write, and because I haue heard it from others, that all the good offices I haue imploy­ed in your behalfe, are acceptable to you. And seeing Fortune, by loosing the knot of our neere familiaritie, hath d [...]priu'd vs for so long a time, of fami­liar conuersation; I will labour to re­store that which I did loose, by now fauouring and assisting you, as farre as I am any waies able [...] wherein I shall e­steeme my selfe happie, if I may per­ceiue, that this my affectionate desire, bee as acceptable to your kindred, as I know it is to your selfe. I neuer knew your Free-man Cilix before he brough [...] me your letters, which were full of loue and courtesie. And he also ha [...]h done me heerein a wonderfull kinden [...]sse, by relating dailie to me, with singular con­tentment [...] the great loue that you bea [...] me, and which in all your discourses, you demonstrate vnto me. [...]hat need I [Page 101] say more? In two daies hee is growne domesticall with me, but for all that, it cannot be that I should not be very de­sirous of Phania's returne, whom when you send backe to Rome, which I sup­pose will be shortly: I pray: enioy [...]e him to vse me in any thing wherein I am able to do you seruice. I friendly re­commend vnto you Lucius Valerius, a Doctor of the Laws, and I recommend him, tho [...]gh hee were not in effect a Doctor: For I will bee more warie in writing to you of him, then hee vseth to be in adui [...]ing others. I wish him marueilous well, hee is one of the most inward, and trustie friends that I haue. Hee acknowledgeth himselfe greatly bound vnto you, but yet he writes that I shall doe him a wonderfu [...]l fauour, by recommending him vnto you; where­in I beseech you, that you will not fru­strate his expectation. Farewell.

C [...]cero Vice-Consull, to Appius Pul [...]her Imperator. Epist. 2.

SEeing it hath so fortuned, both a­gainst my will, [...]nd beyond expecta­tion, that I must nece [...]sarily repaire to the gouernment of this Prouince. A­mongst the multitude of my molesta­tions, [Page 102] and in my sundry cares and co­gitations, I haue found this onely comfort, that none could haue succee­ded you, which stands be [...]ter af [...]ected to you then my selfe: neither could I wish to haue receiued my Prouince from any man, more desirous to resigne it me disincombred, and free from all disturbance. And, if you hope also, that I bea [...]e the same affection towards you; vndoubtedly you shall neuer herein be deceiued. Out of our inward loue, and by y [...]ur g [...]eat humanity, I earnestly entreat you, that, wherein so­euer you may (as in many things, it will be in y [...]ur power) you would be [...] very care [...]ull of my affaires. The Se­nate, as [...]ou perceiue, commits this Prou [...]nce to my charge. If you leaue it me, as little encombred as you can [...] I shall proceed in the course of my of­fice. You know how farre in this yo [...] may assist me. I earnestly intreate you that you will bethinke your selfe of e­uery thing wherein you may pleasur [...] me. I wo [...]ld vse more words abou [...] this matter, but that I feare I should wrong your courtesie; and offend o [...] an [...]ient friendship, which betweene vs, suffers no superfluous ceremonies: be­ [...]ides, there needs not many words in a matter that speakes sufficiently for i [...] selfe. I promise you assuredly, that If I vnderstand you haue a regard to m [...] [Page 103] proceedings, you shall finde therein, ample satisfaction, and contentment. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 3.

WHen I came to Brundusium, the xxii. of May, Quintus Fabius your Lega [...]e, came to seeke me: and by your order told me that which not one­ly I, whom it concerned, but the whole Senate also call'd to mind; that t [...]is Prouinc [...] requir'd a stronger gu [...]tiso [...]. For almost all were of opinion, that my Legions, and those of Bibulu [...] should be made vp with Italian souldiers. Where­unto Sulpicius the Consull, saying, he would not consent, I much complai­ned thereof; but the Senate so greatly hastned my departure, that I was for­ced to obey him, as I did Now I desire, you would carry in mind, what I de­maunded of you in the letters, whi [...]h I deliuered at Rome to your posts: which was, that whatsoeuer one could effect, for the ease of a domesticall and louing friend, in visiting the Prouince, you would procure with all affection and diligēce, for the inuiolable loue I beare you: that euery one might plainly dis­cerne, [Page 104] that neither I could euer haue succeeded any man, more deuoted to me then you, nor you resigne the Pro­uince to any, who lou'd you more dear­ly then I. By those, which you wrote vnto the Senate, whereof you sent me a copie, I vnderstood, that you had ca­sheer'd a great number of souldiers: but the aboue mentioned Fabius certi­fied me, that you had indeed such a de­termination, but at his departure, it was not yet effected. If it be so, you shall doe me a singular kindnes, not to wea­k [...]n so small an armie. And as I suppose, you haue receiued the decrees enacted by the Senate to this purpose. Such is [...]he loue I beare you, that any thing you doe, shall giue me satisfaction: but yet I am confident, you will be readie also [...]o per [...]orme that, which accreweth to my benefit, and commoditie. I expec­ [...]ed Caius P [...]ntinius my Legate, at Br [...]n­d [...]sium, and I thinke he will be there, be­ [...]ore the first of Iune, as soone as he comes, we will take shipping, with the first opportunitie. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 4.

THe fourth of Iune, being at Brun [...]u­sium, I receiued your letters, where­in you write, that Lucius Clodius shall [Page 105] impart something to me in your name. I earnestly looked for him, to heare what he would haue deliuer'd, touching your commission. I hope by many te­stimonies, you are now sufficiently sa­tisfied, of the affection I beare towards you, and the speciall desire I haue to serue you: and yet you shall be [...]ter vn­derstand, when greater occasion shall be giuen to shew it, how deepely your honor, and dignitie is imprinted in my heart. Quintus Fabius Virgilianus, and Caius Flaccus, sonne to Lucius, and Mar­cus Octauius, sonne to Cneius, haue all three made knowne vnto me, how dearely you value my amitie: which I formerly collected, by many presump­tions, especially in that delectable book of Augurations, written so louingly, and dedicated to mee. Whatsoe­uer one friend can doe for another, I will not leaue vndone for your sake; not onely because I euer honored you, from the first day you began to loue me: but further, in that I infinitely e­steeme two persons, of two seuerall a­ges, Cnei [...]s Pompeius your daughters fa­ther in law, and Marcus Brutus your sonne in law. Moreouer, my selfe ha­uing beene receiued into the Colledge of the Augures, me thought this degree of honor, especially approued by you, with my great reputation, was as it were a band, to linck vs together, in an indis­soluble [Page 106] societie. But if Clodius speake with me, I shall haue ampler matter wher [...]of to write, and I'le doe what possible I can, to see you out of hand. Whereas you write, that you lingred so long in your Prouince of purpose to meete me, I must needs confesse it gaue me great contentment. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 5.

I Came to Trallis on the xxvii. of Iuly. There Lucius Lucilius presented me your letters, and related what by word of mouth you did commit vnto him. You could not haue sent me a man that was more my friend, neither as I thinke more wise and discreete, to informe me of such matters, as I desired to vnder­stand. I haue read your letters with great satisfaction, and gaue a diligent eare to Lucilius: Now, you being of o­pinion also, that ceremonies should not passe betwixt vs, (for, you write: though you haue read, with much con­tentment what so [...]uer by me was men­tioned about mutuall kind offices, discharged one to another; yet because I [...]etch't my r [...]lation of them somewhat too farre about; you thought them not altogether so requisite) and because in­deed [Page 107] they are meerely supe [...]fluous, when the amitie is such, as hath beene long tried, and that there is no further doubt of faithfulnesse; I will lay them aside: thanking you onely, as I haue reason, for the louing diligence, you vse, in reforming the state of the Pro­uince, to facilitate my gouernment of the same. First therefore, I thanke you for so courteous an office, then I en­gage my faithfull promise vnto you, that with all endeuour and zeale, I will euer labour, that first your selfe, and all your friends, and others a [...]terwards may also perceiue, wh [...]t a friend I am vnto you. And of thus much, whoso­euer he be, that's ignorant, he rather seemes, to be discontented at our friendship, then not to be priuie to it. But certainely, it shall apparently bee knowne. For it shall be made manifest by no obscure, nor ignoble persons; neither in occasions lightly importing: but let the effects [...]ather proue this, then my words. And in that you write, that going the same way I entend, you feare, you shall not see me in the Pro­uince, I will reueale the whole matter to you. Talking with Phania your Fr [...]e-man in Erundusi [...]n, I remember I said, I would willingly haue entred into the Prouince, on that part that stood best with your liking: to which he [...] ­plied, that you meant to come by Sea, [Page 108] and therefore you would be glad, that I were arriued at Sida, a maritime part of the Prouince: I told him I would: and so had done, but that Lucius Clodius aduis'd me in Corcyra no [...] to enter into this encombrance, because at my arri­uall, you would be in Laodicea. This was a farre shorter cut, and more com­modious; principally in that it gaue you better satisfaction: but afterwards you altered your resolution. Now, you shall vnderstand my disseigne, to the end that you may gather, a [...] you may easily, if there be any way for our meeting. I thinke to be at Laodicea, on the last of Iulie: and there will I continue for cer­taine dayes, for the receipt of some mo­nies, which I made ouer by way of ex­change from Rome. Then will I take my course towards the armie; so that in the middest of September, I make ac­compt to be at Iconium. But if I mistake my selfe in writing, (for I know not what may happen) whensoeuer I set forwards you shall be aduertised of my iournies from day to day, with all pos­sible expedition, and diligence. I nei­ther dare, nor willingly will impose vpon you any burden, but if it may be with your conueniencie, it greatly im­ports vs both, that we should meete, before you leaue the Prouince. If any euill hap, preuent this our interuiew, yet notwithstanding in the gouernment [Page 109] of this Prouince, I will haue no lesse care of your honour, and reputation, then if I had seene you. I will not write vnto you, that you should performe any thing on my behalfe, till I be out of hope, of meeting you. Whereas you write, that you requested Scaeuola, du­ring your absence, to gouerne the Pro­uince till my arriuall; I saw him in E­phesus, and he kept me company for those three dayes, that I stayed there, but he spake not a word, of your moo­uing him to any such matter. I would he could, for I cannot be perswaded, that he would not haue serued you. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-Consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Epist. 6.

WHen I compare that which I haue done, with that which hath beene by you per [...]o [...]med, I am far better satisfied in mine owne, then in your proceedings. Although I desire, that in true loue, we may disch [...]rge our selues recip [...]ocally. Phania's fidelitie in all your affaires, b [...]ing well knowne vnto me, and in what esteeme he is with you, in Brundusium I was bold [...]o [Page 110] aske of him, by what pa [...]t he thought you would haue me make entrance in­to the Prouince: He answering me, that I could not please you better, then to goe by shipping to Sida. I promis'd to doe so; though I did it with great dis­commoditie, and little credit. But af­terwards meeting in Corcyra, Lucius Clo­dius, a man so possest of your heart, that talking with him, me thought I spake with your selfe, I said to him, that I meant to take the same course, Phania prescribed me: then he giuing me thankes, for the entire af [...]ection I shew­ed herein, importun [...]d me, to goe di­rectly to Laodicea; affirming, that you would reside in the edge, or skirt of the Prouince, for your more readie depar­ture: and, but that I was Successor, whom you so much desired to s [...]e, you would haue beene gone before your Successors comming. Which fitly con­fronted with the letters, that I rec [...]iued in Rome: by which I perceiued what hast you made to depart. I answered Clodius, that I was readie to doe as he counselled me, and farre more willing­ly, then to performe my promise vnto Phania. So that hereupon changing my determination, I presen [...]ly wrote a let­ter vnto you, with mine owne hand, which was deliuered timely enough, as your an [...]were thereunto implies. In do­ing this, I haue, as I suppose, discharg'd [Page 111] my part, neither could I shew any grea­ter kindnesse. Now with this, compare what you haue done. You did not one­ly not come thither, where you might with the soonest haue had sight of me. but you remooued into those parts, where I could not possibly arriue, with­in the terme of those thirty daies, which were assigned you, for your departure, as I suppose, by the law Cornelia. So that it seemed vnto them, who were not ac­quainted with our mutuall affections, that you seeke to auoid our meeting; and consequently (to say no worse) that you were but a cold friend vnto me: but on the other side, they iudge, me most louing to you. And in deed, before I came into the Prouince I re­ceiued your letters, in which, though you certified me, of your going to Tar­sus, neuerthelesse you gaue me assured hope of our meeting. Yet some persons afterwards, and as I beleeue, malicious (for many at this day are possest with that vice) hauing fit matter to talke of, and being no waies acquainted with the stabilitie of my mind, laboured to alienate me from your friendship, al­ledging vnto me, that you had some in­terest in Tarsus, that you establish't, and perform'd many things; whereas, you might haue considered, that when I was entred into the Prouince, it belon­ged not to you, further to gouerne it. [Page 112] Which neither they were euer wont to doe, that within a short time expected the arriuall of their Successor. But these mens wordes neuer troubled me; ra­ther, being true, I was beholding to you, for you eased me herein, of a part of my burthen; and I reioyced, that whereas the imployment of my gouernment was to continue for a whole yeare, which I thought ouer-long, I was by your means eased, of a moneths labour and trauaile. One thing, (to speake truth) displeaseth me, that, of those few souldiers, which remain'd in the Pro­uince, there wanted no lesse then three Cohorts, which were more entire then the rest; and, [...]hat I cannot learne how they are disposed of. But aboue all it grieues me, that I cannot certainly vn­derstand, where to see you: and I de­f [...]rd writing, for no other cause, but by reason, I hourely expected your pre­sence. But becau [...]e you wrote nothing to me, I haue sent vnto you, Antonius, Conductor of the new Supplies, a vali­ant man, and one in whom, I pu [...] great confidence; that, if you thinke good, you may assigne to him the charge of the Infan [...]ery: that I may attempt some enterprise, while the season of the yeare serues. Wherein, both our amitie, and your letters, put me in hope that I should not want, your best directions, neither do I yet despaire of those hopes. [Page 113] But questionlesse, when, or where I may see you, except you certifie me by writing, I cannot so much as imagine. For that which belongs to me; both good, and bad shall apparently see, that my mind is as friendly addicted to loue you, as possiblie it can be. For yours, you haue giuen ill disposed men some occasion to surmise the contrary; doe but reclaime this errour, and I will hold you most deare vnto me. And because you might consider, or cast where we may meete, without the breach of the Cornelian law; I arriued in my Prouince on the last of Iuly: I goe into Ci [...]icia, by way of Cappad [...]ia. I remooued the Campe from Iconium, the last of Au­gust. Now, for the time when you may most fitly meete with me, you may take order at your pleasure, casting vp the dayes iournies, and the way; where it may be effected, and on what day, without any inconuenience to either of vs. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher. Ep. 7.

VVHen I haue more time, I [...]le write more at large; I wrote these in great hast, Brutus seruants being to depart for Rome without any stay; [Page 114] so as, I had no time to write to any bo­die else but to you, and Brutus. The Ap­pian Legates, brought me, I cannot say a letter, but rather an entire volume, full of vniust complaints, because by my letters, I hindred their building. In the same epistle you intreated me, forthwith to giue them licēce to build, before the winter came vpō them: & withal, chec­king me couertly, you cōplained that I prohibited them, to collect the tribute: before my selfe, made acquainted with the matter, had giuen licence; you af­firming that this was but a kind of cros­sing their courses; in that I could not informe me of this matter before the winter, after my returne out of Cilicia [...] Now, conceiue rightly, whether you haue any cause to complaine of me. Di­uers parties came crying out, and say­ing, They were grieuously exacted vp­on, through the paying of intollerable tributes. I wrote, that nothing should be done therein, before I had well ex­amin'd the matter: can any man say this was iniustice? Oh, but you'le tell me I could not be inform'd thereof before the winter: I grant it: but should I goe seeke my informations from them, or they come to me? What you'le say, so farre off? When you wrot vnto me that I should permit them to build before Winter: suppos'd you not that they were to come where I was? though in [Page 115] deed, they committed an absurditie, worthie of derision. For, they sent me the letters when winter was almost [...]n­ded, importing a suit, that they might finish their worke in the Sommer that was past: but know, howsoeuer, I am readie to obserue your pleasure; al­though, they are far more in number, that refuse to pay such tributes, then those, that are therewith contented. Concerning the Appians this may suf­fice. Pausania, Lentulus free-man, and an officer of mine, tels me, that to him you seem'd offended, that I met you not. Did I this, thinke you, out of any disesteeme of you, and because I am the proudest man in the world? A man of yo [...]rs, came after midnight, and infor­med me, that you would be at Iconium before daie. When, being two seuerall waies, and not knowing by which you might haue come, I sent Varro, a fami­liar acquaintance of yours, one way, and Quintus Lepta, chiefe of the inge­niers of mine armie another: enioyning both of them, to come post before, that I might goe out to meere you: Lepta came running and told me, how you were gone beyond the armie: I came presently to Iconium. How the matter went afterwards you know: why should not I come and meete you? First being Appius Claudius, then being Appius Im­perator. Moreouer, it being the cu­stome [Page 116] of our predecessors? and, which is of greater importance, you being my friend? especially, I hauing euer beene, more obseruant in such offices, then e­uer stood with mine honour and condi­tion. But no more of this. The same Pausanius told me further; how you complained of me in these words: did Appius meete Lentulus, did Lentulus the like to Appius, and would not Cicero vouchsafe, to come and meete Appius? How comes it to passe? that you being a man, in my iudgement, of singular learning, and wisedome, greatly expe­rienced in worldly affaires; and fur­ther, endewed with a pleasing affabili­tie; which is a vertue, as the Stoicks de­seruedly hold opinion; I say, how can it be then, that you should be carried a­way with these fopperies, supposing that either Appius, or Lentulus for their nobilitie, should be highlier esteemed of me, then the ornaments of vertue? Though I had not past those honours, which in vulgar esteeme, are glorious, yet could not I admire these your names: I rather valued those men high­ly, which left them vnto you. But after I was with much honour, elected to many offices of gouernments of great qualitie, wherein I bare my selfe so ap­prouedly, that I cou [...]d not wish greater reputation, or glory [then was giuen me]; I neuer reputed my selfe your [Page 117] superiour; but alwayes your equall. Nor could I see, that euer Cneius Pom­peius, whom I prefer before all others, or Publius Lentulus, to whom I giue place, retain'd any other opinion. If you thinke otherwise, it would not be much amisse, (the better to vnderstand what Gentilitie or Nobilitie is) to consider a little, what Athenadorus son to Sandon, writes thereo [...]. But to re­turne to our first purpose, beleeue most assuredly, that I am not onely your friend, but your most entire affectio­nate, and in all manner of proofe, I will contend, to possesse you of so much. But if you seeke occasions, that you may seeme not to be, so much obliged to labour aswell for me, as I haue la­boured for you, from this time forward I free you of this trouble. I shall questi­onlesse finde out other Counsellers, or at least Ioue shall be my guide. If also your inclination be such, that you af­fect to conte [...]; yet shall you not m [...]ke me, doe other then loue you after my vsuall mann [...]r: But you shall doe well [...] if you beleeue it not, for I little care whether you doe or no. I haue written freely to you, of these matters, because my conscience tells me, that I alwaies discharged the office of a friend; and relying on the loue I beare towards you, the which as it was entertained wi [...]h a [...]rme deliberation, so will I [Page 118] maintaintaine and hold it till you are wearie. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 8.

THough I perceiue so much as your own [...]etters did seeme to intimate, that you are like to bee at Rome b [...]fore you shall receiue these; and that [...]re now the twatling of these malignant people of the prouince, is somewhat cooled; yet you hauing written so co­piously to mee touching their sinister relations, I thought it fit, brieflie to an­swer you. But I will not rip vp a new, the two first heads of your letter, be­cause they comprehend no absolute, nor determinate points; except this, that in the place where matters are scand, and at some feasts, it was ob­seru'd by many externall signes, that I am not your friend. This, is as much as nothing; and being nothing, nei­ther can I conceiue what these words of yours import; sure I am, that this might truely be spoken vnto you; that both on the seate of Iustice, and in priuate places, I haue many times vtte­red honorable and worthie reports of you, giuing manifest testimonie, of our familiar, and domesticall Amitie. And [Page 119] as for the Legates, could I haue wrought more iustlie or equallie, then to ease poore Citties of a burthensome charge, without diminishing a whit of your reputation, especially being with great instance sollicited thereunto by the Cities themselues? For I heard no­thing, that these [...]mbassies went to Rome in your Honour. When I was in Apamea, the principalls of diuers Ci­ties came & told me, that the ordina [...]ie charge of Embassies were so great, that the cities were not able to defray them. Then, I cast many things in my minde: First, I could not bee perswaded that you, who are not onely wise, but as the report now goes, a noble minded man, should be delighted in these Em­bassies: and as I remember once in Synnadis, vpon the publique Tribunall I spake much thereof; alledging in the first place, how Appius Clodius, with­out further testimonie from the Myn­densians (for that City was then men­tioned) was knowne by the Senate, and by the people of Ro [...]e: and more­ouer, that I had obseru'd at other times, that the Legates that came to praise any man, neuer obtain'd au­dience of the Senate. And finally I concluded, that their good enclination lik't me wel, because they shewed them­selues thankfull to you, who had bene fitt [...]d them; but that I thought this [Page 120] course no wayes necessarie: and if needes they would demonstrate their good affection, I should haue thought well of it, if some one had done it of his owne charge: And haue granted it; so that the expence had beene reasona­ble; but not, if exorbitant. You can­not therefore in any reason, take this ill at my hands: except, (as you adde) that mine edict had beene past, vpon pur­pose, to crosse these legations; as some were of opinion. Now, in my iudge­ment, they beare not themselues so ill, who doe such bad offices, as they, [...]hat l [...]nd an eare vnto them. While I was yet in Rome I drew the edict; after­wards, I annexed thereunto but one clause, which I tooke out of yours: and this at the importunity of the Tole-masters, who came to Samos to me, for this purpose; and touching the disburthening of the Cities of their charge, I wrote that article with speci­all care [...] and I annexed thereunto some new conditions, which gaue me good satisfaction; being so beneficiall to the Cities, as if I had herein restored to them their liues. But this poynt, which occasion'd all the suspition, that I went about to wrong you; is an ordinarie thing, put in practice by others before my selfe. And I could not be so foolish to imagine, that the Embassadours came to Rome for any priuate occasion; [Page 121] as being sent, not to giue thankes to a priuate man, but vnto you; not for particular interests, but publique; and in an assembly not priuate, but generall to the world, that is, in the open Se­nate. Neither when I interposed this [...]y command; that no man should de­part without my license, did I exclude them, which could not come to me be­yond Mount Tauru [...], where I was with the Armie. And that clause in your letters well deserues laughter. For, see [...]ing they might haue spoken to me, as I went betwixt La [...]dicea, and I [...]onium; as the Magistrates and Ambassadours of all those Precincts, and Cities did, Which dwell on this side Taurus; to what purpose was it, that they should come and speake with me in the camp; or that they should passe the Mount Ta [...]rus: except they had not resolued of their Embassies to Rome, before my being beyond Taurus. Which questi­onlesse is not so. For while I was in Laodicea, Apamea, Synn [...]dis, Philomel [...]m, and Ieonium, in which Cities I stayd, all these Embassies were constituted. And yet you must conceiue thus much, that about the diminu [...]ion, or absolute ta­king away of the charge, for these Le­gations, I referred my selfe wholly to their pleasure, that were of highest au­thoritie in the Ci [...]ies. In that it might iustly be feared, that by reason of vn­necessarie [Page 122] disbursements, things might haue beene brought to that passe, that it had beene needfull to sell the tributes, and to haue layd an imposition, of so much by the powle, or by the house; which, as you know, would haue beene a very hard matter. And I being ca [...]e­full (not onely iustice, but compassion mouing me thereto) to ease the burthe­ned state of those affl [...]cted Cities, and especially oppressed by their owne Ma­gistrates, I could not well be negligent, in the case of so impertinent an ex­pence. When such tales therefore were told you [...] you should not haue beleeued them. But if you take pleasure to lay your owne iealousies vpon others, you bring vp in friendship, a certaine dis­course little beseeming a Gentle-man. And if I meant in any thing, to haue blemished your reputation, I would ne­uer haue beene inquisitiue of [...]our son in law Lentulus, of your free-man in Br [...]ndusi [...]m, nor of the cheefe Engine [...] in Coreyra, whither you would haue me to come. And, i [...] y [...]u followed the pre­scriptions o [...] the learnedest men, tha [...] haue wri [...]ten exceeding well of amity, you sh [...]uld not haue vs'd these, or the like [...]pee [...]hes. They argued, I o [...]os [...]d: Th [...]y [...]ff [...]rmed, I denyed. Th [...]k [...] [...]ou that I neuer heard any thing t [...]u [...]hing yo [...]? As for example, that whe [...] I was to come to L [...]o [...]i [...]ea, you passed ouer [Page 123] Mount Taurus. that you gaue enter­tainment in Tarsus, at the very same time, I gaue mine in Ap [...]mea, Synnadis, and Philomelum. I will adde nothing more, lest I should be thought culpable of the same defect, whereof I accuse you. Thus much I will freely vtter; if these things, which you say, were rela­ted to you by others; bee your owne dreames, or fictions; you commit a greeuous errour: but being true, that they were the reports of others, yet, you are greatly too blame, to giue eare vnto them. I will neuer faile in the office of a good freind. And if any man thinke, I haue some subtill reach in my procee­dings; whosoeuer he be, I would hee would tell me, what a wonderfull sub­tilty I should shew in this; that I, when I was in Rome, and your selfe in your Prouince, euer defended your reputati­on, when I could not so much as dream, I should need your ayd in these occurrents; should now, when you are in Rome, and I in my Prouince, giue you cause, to neglect my credit? But it may bee, you suppose that I haue done you iniury, in my giuing [...]are to certaine persons, that dep [...]au'd, or spake ill of your Legates, or Cape-Ingeniers, or Tribunes of the souldiers: wherein, notwithstanding, I neuer heard, that they touched your reputation; or that they should speake vnworthily of any [Page 124] other, but the fore-mentioned, of which men, Clodius discoursing with me in Corcyra, complained greatly, and said, that other mens malignitie, had blemisht the integritie of your name. I neuer drew any man to speech of such like matters: but by reason, they a [...]e many that talke thereof, no wayes in my iudgement, wronging therein your honour, I would not be too for­ward, to put them to silence. If any one hold opinion, that no man can be really reconciled: hee accuseth not vs herein, as men perfidious, but rather manifests his owne treacherie, disco­uering that to be in himselfe, which he imputes to others: and such an one, hath no better conceipt of you, then of mee: But if the forme of my gouern­ment distastes any man, thinking it strange, that in the gouernment of this Proui [...]ce, I take some courses different from yours: each of vs obseruing Iu­stice and equitie, though you one way, and I another; I doe not greatly value such a mans good opinion. You, as a most noble & bountifull Gentle-man, gaue profusely in the Prouince, if I haue proceeded with a more restrained hand, & that the yeere following hath cut off a part of your former bounties; by reason of the hardnes of the times, no man need wonder hereat: [...]or, be­sides that of mine owne nature, I was [Page 125] euer sparing of anothers purse, I was much mou'd (as I told you) out of the conditions of the time: and therefore little care, to seeme niggardly to those, that complaine vpon their peculiar in­terests, so I bee herein good vnto my selfe. Touching the aduertisements you send mee, concerning Romane af­faires, I heartily thanke you, and the rather, because you intimate, that you will be carefull of those businesses, that I commended to you; in which, of one aboue the rest, I request you to bee mindefull, that the time of my gouern­ment be not prolonged; And entreat Hortens [...]us, our Colleague and famili [...]r friend, that if euer he did, or intended to doe me a pleasure, hee will not now perseuer in his opinion of the gouern­ment for two yeeres: for nothing can more molest, or discontent me. Wher­as you would know, in what state I stand: I departed from Tarsus the se­uenth of October, and the day follow­ing I wrote these, in the Countie of Mopsuhes [...]ia, where I was with the Ar­mie. If I atch [...]ue any thing, you shall bee aduertis'd thereof, and I'le neuer write home, but you shall bee written to. Concerning the Parthians, I take it for a fable. Those Araebians that came into my Prouince, in Parthian habit, are gone away, as it's reported: and there is no feare of any warre in Sy­ria. [Page 126] I would willingly haue you write often of your affaires, of mine, and of the whole state of the Common-wealth, at which I am much troubled; so much the rather, in that you write our friend Pompeius is to go into Spaine. Farewell.

Ci [...]ero, Imperator; to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 9.

WIth much a doe, I haue at last read a letter, well beseeming Appius Clodius, full of humanity, cour­tesie, and friendly care. Out of questi­on, the very sight of R [...]me, hath retur­ned you your former sweet procee­ding. For when you wrote vnto me on the way, while you were yet in Asia, about the matter of the Legates, whose comming to Rome I prohibited: and when you complain'd, that I hindred the Appian edifications, it gaue mee no small distaste; & mine own conscience witnessing, that I had beene euer con­stant in louing you, I returned an an­swer halfe in choller: yet after I read the letters deliuered to Philotimus my Free-man, I perceiued, there were ma­ny in the Prouince, which affected our falling out. But after you came to Rome, [Page 127] or at least, as soone as you had seene your friends, you vnderstood of them my perpetuall loue and affection to­wards you, manifesting it selfe, vpon all occurrents, while you stay'd in your Prouince: wherefore imagine, how neere my heart those words went, you wrote vnto me [...] If any thing fall out for my aduancement and dignity, though it be vnpossible, yet render me equall kindnesse. This, you may easi­ly doe; for, what is there in this world, which endeauour will not compasse? Neither can any attempt be so difficult, but a true affection may ouercome it. I euer thought, & so my friends write, that you should obtaine a Triumph, but yet I am exceedingly satisfied in the cer­tainty you giue me thereof; and not bec [...]use I hope my selfe as easily to get it; (for this were but an Epicurean part) but in that your honour and dignity is of it selfe most deere vnto me. Seeing therefore, you haue greater conueni­encie of messengers, then any other; for none would come hither, without giuing you notice; when my suit hath gotten that successe, which you expect, and I desire, I should bee very glad, to be therof aduertised. If through those long Sessions of the Senate, as our friend Pompeius was wont to terme them, you are delayed a day or two, (for there is no likely-hood it shall bee [Page 128] longer,) your dignity will no wayes be impeach't by this deferring. But for the loue you beare mee, and for that, that you expect from mee. Vouchsafe to cheere me vp, with this acceptable in­formation, and [...]emember to keep pro­mise with me about the present, which you promised to make mee. For be­sides, that I am desirous of the Science of Auguration; any gifts of yours in­finitely please me, they being an appa­rant testimony of the loue you beare me. And because you demand some e­quall remuneration, I must ruminate well vpon it, that I may make you the like requitall: For, if I should not take the paines in this, that vsually I doe in my other compositions, which you are wont to thinke worthy of admiration. You might haue iust cause, to repute me not onely negligent, but vnthankfull. And of these matters enough. Further now, my desire is, that you bring to ef­fect the offer which you made me; my meaning is, that you labor by all means possible, to compasse me my suites; v­sing therein your wonted diligence, that the Senate may pleasure mee, and out of hand, with the honourablest demonstrations that may be. You pro­mis'd it me; see you doe not faile: and doe it likewise, for the sake of our an­cient am [...]tie. I doubt, I haue ouer-long deferred my writing thereof to the Se­nate, [Page 129] and that my letters [...] through diffi­cult passage by sea, came in time of the vacations. But herein I followed your example; and I thinke I did well, in not writing so suddenly after my being cal­led Imperator, but after the end of ma­ny enterprizes, brought to passe in all this summer. Be therefore carefull of this, according to your promise; and so in all other occasions, vouchsafe to take my affaires, my selfe, and all mine, into your friendly protection. Farewell.

Cicero, Imperator; to Appius Pulch [...]r. Epist. 10.

VVHen I heard of their presum­ptuous boldnesse, that mole­sted you, though at the first hearing I was astonished; becaus [...] nothing could haue hapned further beyond my expe­ctation; yet when I more aduisedly considered thereof, I tooke heart at grasse, putting great hope in your selfe, but greatest in your friends. And many reasons perswaded me to think, that this trouble would rather augment, then ex­tenuate your honor. It vext me much, that enuious men had found out a meanes, to depriue you of the glory of your Triumph, which questionlesse [Page 130] you should haue obtained, conforma­ble to your deserts. Of which losse, if you make the same reckoning, that I e­uer esteemed should be made; you shall do wisely, & triumph at last in the sor­row of your enemies. For I know you to be so strong in friends, and so prudent, that vndoubtedly it will greatly grieue them, that euer they run into such a le­uity. For mine own part, I assure & pro­mise you, calling all the gods to wit­nesse of my heart, that for your digni­tie, (for so I will rather terme i [...], then safetie) in this Prouince, which you gouerned, I will haue more then ordi­narie care; entreating for you affectio­nately; endeauouring my selfe no o­therwise then if you were my kinsman; vsing what authoritie, and power one may haue, that is deare, as I hope to be vnto the Cities, and hath the title of Imperator. Command mee, and ex­pect at my hand all [good] offices, for my endeuours shall surmount your i­magination. Quintus Seruilius deluer'd me a briefe letter of yours, which not­standing I thought too long; for your int [...]eating me, made me take it for an iniurie. I am sorrie the time is come, wherein you shall haue cause to know, what esteeme I make both of you, and of Pompeius, whom I must regard a­boue all others; and what loue I beare to Brutus: Although you should haue [Page 131] discern'd it by some other way, as no doubt but you shall. But seeing such an occasion is offered, if euer I faile in any thing, let me be reputed a dishonoura­ble, and very bad man. Pontinius whom I know to be much bo [...]nd vn­to you, returnes you those offices that hee owes you. Hee was gone to Ephe­sus, vpon businesse of his owne, of no small importance, but when hee heard of this accident of yours, he presently returned to Laodicea. I knowing that you shall haue a number of such men to fauour you; I make no doubt but this present crosse will redound to your greatnes. But if you obtaine to bee Censor, and discharge the Censorship, as you ought, and can: I plainely dis­cerne, that you will not be a perpetuall and firme defence to your selfe only, but to all your well willers also. Well, labour what you can, that there may be no prorogation of my office; that when we haue procured you all satisfa­ction from hence; we may also stand you in some steed there, if any thing happen wherein I may pleasure, or [...]ur­ther you. Whereas you write of some fauours shewed you, which my friends also haue wri [...]ten from thence vnto me; it was no newes; but yet it infinitely contented me: not onelie for your owne respect, whose friendship yeelds me much satisfaction, and benefit; but [Page 132] also because by this I see, there is some esteeme made in our Cittie of valour and worth: which reward I alwaies receiued, in paiment of my trauell and paines. But me thought it verie strange, this young man should bee so rash and headstrong, to incurre your enmitie, without all regard of me; whom with singular endeauour, I defended twice in capitall causes: especiallie you being back't with manie qualities, and assi­stances, that to himselfe are wanting, for I'le speake no worse of him: and these words that slipt from him like a childe, and a foole as hee was; were first certified me in writing by my friend Marcus Coelius, and of the same, you haue also written to mee at large. Certain [...]l [...]e if I had tooke him for your enemie, I would rather haue sh [...]ken off mine old, then entred into any new a­mi [...]ie with him. For you shall haue no cause to doubt of my affection, which I haue made manifest to eu [...]rie one, both now heere in my Prouince, and before in Rome: Neuerthelesse because in your letters I obserue some little iea­lousie of me, I am enforced to iustifie my selfe with you. For now, 'tis no time for me to complaine. But tell me now? when prohibited I any embassie from comming to Rome, in your praise? see you not how I could haue done no­thing of lesse preiudice to you then [Page 133] this, if I had profest open hatred to you? And againe, in case I meant closelie to malice you, I could haue vndertaken no action, would more haue laid me open then this. Were I as persidious, as they that report this of me, I had not beene so palpably foolish, to breake out suddainly with you into so great enmitie; especiallie in a mat­ter, wherein I might well discouer my desire, but that in effect I could no waies offend you. I remember diuers came and told me, that the rated charge of Embassies, farre exceeded the vsuall proportion; whom I did not enioyne to any thing, but onely said, I thought it fit, that the charge thereof, should mount no higher then was de­termin'd by the law Cornelia: And in this likewise, I referred my selfe to their pleasure; as the accompts of the Citie can testifie: by which it appeares, that the charge was such, as themselues thought good to be at; but, bad men haue striuen to peruert truth with a thousand lies; giuing you to vnder­stand, that prouisions were not onely taken from those Embassadors, who were going to Rome, but were rede­manded, and caus'd to be restor'd by their Agents, who were alreadie de­parted, and that this was the cause that many forbare comming to Rome. I could finde in my heart to bee verie [Page 134] plaine with you, were it not, (as before I told you) that my meaning is, as rea­son requires; onely to iustifie my selfe, and not accuse you; no waies to ag­grauate your minde, which is alreadie sufficiently disturbed. So that I con­demne you not for beleeuing these mens words: but 'Ile not spare to set downe some reasons, why you should not haue beleeued them. And certain­ly, if you repute me an honest man, and for a man worthie of opinion or fame in those Sciences, whereunto [...]rom my childhood I haue beene addicted; if you suppose in mee any generosity of minde: or if you value me of any iudge­ment in matters of waightie conse­quence; I cannot perceiue, how it should enter into your minde, that I would practise, (I will not say) any trecherie, any decei [...], or dissimulation in our friendship; bu [...] so much as the least base, or dishonourable part. But if you please to delineate me for an hol­low, and double-hearted fellow: what is there more vnlikelie to bee thought of, in a man of such a n [...]ture, then to cast off the loue of a person placed in high dignitie: or to take away his good name, in the Prouince, whose honor blemished by others, I haue at R [...]me de­fended: or to shew an ill minde, where I haue no pow [...]r to hurt; or to intend trecherie in that place, where it would [Page 135] be discouer'd to no end nor purpose? And why should I bee so implacable towards you: hauing vnderstood by my brother, that you were not my ene­mie, when without blame you might haue beene so? And seeing with reci­procall desire, we encline to concord: what fauour required you of me, du­ring my Consu [...]lship, that I deni'd you? when I accompanied you, on your way, to the Prouince; what charge left you with me a [...] Puteoli, wherein, my care, surmoun [...]ed not your expectati­ons? and if it be true, that fallacious, and double hearted men, howsoeuer, haue a regard to their p [...]culiar profits: what in conclusion could bee more be­neficiall, and profitable to mee, then ioyning in loue with a noble and ho­nourable person, whose power, ac­companied with such wisedome, and valour; whose progenie, and kindred, might be vnto me, a wonderfull orna­ment, and preualent protection? Nei­ther sought I your friendship, with any particular end, or aime; but because these your parts, and endowments, I esteemed them, and loued them, for their owne sake. Moreouer, how value I those bands, thinke you, by which I reioyce, to see we are linked or ioyn'd together? The likenesse, or identitie of studies; the swee [...]nes of mutuall conuersation, li [...]e, and discours [...]; and [Page 136] that litterature that is not of many pos­sessed? These things I passe ouer, as being better knowne to our selues, then others. What shall I say of those things, which are well knowne to the people? The peace, and agreement wee made; in which, being so generally noted, the leaft halting in the world, would haue rais'd suspition of trecherie: The col­ledge of Angures, in which amongst our predecessors, it was not onely vn­lawfull, to violate amitie, but further, no man could bee aduanced to th [...]t dignitie, who professed hatred to any one of the Colledge. But to leaue mat­ters so waightie and important: where finde you, that any man held, could hold, or ought to hold another in that reuerence, as I hold Cneius Pompeius, your daug [...]ters Father in law. For if deserts be of any worth, I make ac­count that he hath restored to mee my Countrie, my Children, my safetie, my Dignitie, and briefel [...]e, euen mine own selfe: If sweetnesse of conuersation: who can rem [...]mber in our Cittie, any friendship more inward then ours? and if signes of loue and courtesie deserue any thing; what proiect, would hee not co [...]mit [...]o me? what secret would hee no [...] communicate? when hee was remote from Rome, whom did hee vse but my sel [...]e? what t [...]arms of honour hat [...] h [...] not grac'd mee with? and in [Page 137] conclusion with what patience, with what humanitie, did hee once endure me to touch him to the quicke, in the defence which I made for Milo? with what a singular care prouided hee, that I might not runne into any popular disgrace, protecting me with his Coun­cell, Authoritie, and in a word, with armes? at which time hee shewed, that magnanimitie, and grauitie, as hee would neuer beleeue the words, I will not say of a Phrygian, or a Lycaonian, as you did in the matter of Embassies; but of many great men, who spake ill vnto him of me. Now his sonne, be­ing your sonne in law; and besides the respect of affinitie, I vnderstanding how deere, and acceptable you are to Pom­peius: how ought I thinke you to bee affected towards you? especially hee hauing written vnto mee such letters, that if I were as great an enemie to you, as I am a friend, yet would I bee pacified, and suffer my selfe wholly to be directed, not onely by the will, but by the leaft winke, or becke of so great a benefactor. But of these matters let this suffice: and I feare I haue beene longer then peraduenture was requi­site. You shall see, what I haue partly performed, and partly set on foote in your behalfe; the which I doe, and will vndertake, rather for your honour, then for any great danger, or doubt [Page 138] therein. For I hope ere long to heare, that you are created Censor: which be­ing an office for a man of great valour and high vnd [...]rstanding, (let me tell you) it requ [...]res other consideration and care then this present imploym [...]nt. Farewell.

Cicero, Imperator; to Appius Pulcher (as I hope) Censor. Ep. 11.

LYing with the Campe neere to the riuer Pyramus, I [...]eceiued at one time two of your letters, which Quin­ [...]us Seruilius sent me from Ta [...]sus: one was written the v. of Aprill: the other, which seemed the latt [...]r, bare no date. I will first therefore answer to the for­mer. Whereas you write vnto me, that you are cle [...]red of the imputed crime of Maiestie: of which successe, though I vnderstood by le [...]ters, by messengers, and finally by fame it selfe, (for nothing could be more divulg'd: not that any man thought otherwise, but because all the occasions of renowned men, are euer spred with a common voyce) yet your owne letters multiplied my ioy; not onely in that they reuealed what was past, more abundantly then others [Page 139] did: but also, by rea [...]on, that vnd [...]r­standing of it by your selfe, I had the greater cause (as I thought) to reioyce with you. I haue therefore enter [...]ain'd you a far off, in thought, and kissed your letters, and, with my selfe, I re­ioyc't, as if the businesse had beene mine owne. For, when the people, the Senate, and the Iudges; doe fauor wit, endeauour, or vertue; me think [...]s they fauour me also. Which peraduen [...]ure proceed [...] from that sweet deceit, by which I am nuzzel'd in a beliefe, that my selfe also am possest of those parts to which al fauour, or grace belongeth. Neither did I wonder, that your cause should haue so glorious an issue, but that your enemies could carry [...]o wic­ked a minde. And though you are yet to purge your selfe, de ambitu: this need not much to trouble you. For, as you euer encreased Maiestatem, of the peo­ple of Rome, So you euer shunned am­bitum. Aud what is Maiestas? Nothing else, vndoubtedly (according to Sylla's meaning) but, That no man should be de­fam'd by any other, without rigorus chastise­ment: & Ambitus was wont for the most part to be so apparāt, that as well [...]e that seeks [...]o defend himselfe being culpable, of­fendeth: as he that accus [...]th one that is inno­cent. For whether one giues, or not, con­trarie to the lawes, how can it possibly be concealed? & of all the honors you [Page 140] euer emoyed, who euer had the least suspition [thereof]? O, what hard fortune had I, that I could not then be present? I know well enough, what sport I should haue made. But touching the triall de Mai [...]state, you write two things, which giue me singular con­tentment; one is, that you were defen­ded by the Common-wealth her selfe, who, though she were better stor'd with good and valiant cittizens, should support men of your qualitie: but now more especially, because there is such a penurie, in euery age and degree, that shee being left as a poore forsaken, and desolate widdow, hath great reason to imbrace such tutors. the other is: be­cause you so highly extoll the fidelitie and loue, of Pompeius, and Brutus, both my very deare friends. I am glad, you haue two kinsmen so louing and noble: the one neither hath, or euer had in all the world his like; and the other hath now a long time enioy'd the chiefest place among the yong men of this Cit­tie; and shortly also, as I hope, shall carrie it from them, that in yeares farre exceed, and goe before him. Concer­ning the corrupted witnesses, if Flaccus cause not their infamie to be publickely proclaim'd in their seuerall Citties; when I passe through Asia, it shall be done. Now, I come to your other E­pistles: I haue perus [...]de the forme and [Page 141] draft you sent me, of the present times, and the whole state of the Common-wealth, and I am much comforted in the prudent discour [...]e you make there of. Because I see the daung [...]r is not so great, as I feared, and there is better de­fence, then I in any wise hoped; If it be true you write vnto me, that all the citty referres it selfe to Pompeies direction and gouernment. And also I conc [...]iue, how prone your mind is, and enfl [...]med to the defence of common libertie. And I was singularly well pleas'd in your lo­uing care and vigilancie, that in the depth of your waightiest occasions, you faile not to mak [...] knowne vnto me, the state of the Common-wealth. If I had thought, you had beene in these distra­ctions, I would not haue written so earnestly to you, about the bookes of the Auguries. Now, I sollicite you not to the performance of your promise herein, reserue them till another time, when both the one, and the other of vs, may be at better leisure. And in their stead send me at this present, all your Orations compleat, as you promised. Tullius who should haue spoken with me in your name, is not yet come to me. And here are now no more of your friends; but that all mine, are likewise yours. I know not what those letters be, which, you say, I wrote vnto you, in so great choller, I haue written twice vn­to [Page 142] you, in iustific [...]tion of my sel [...]e, a­bout the false reports, that were d [...]li­uer'd you of me: and in iustifying my selfe, I complaine of you, for giuing them credite: and me thought one friend might lawfully vs [...] such expostu­la [...]ions with another. Bu [...] if you relish them no [...], Ile vse them no more. And if the letters I wrote to you, vpon such a subiect were (as you write) destitute of eloquence: I tell you they were not mine. For as Arist [...]rchus accounted no verse to be Homers, which he approu'd not of: so, (giue me leaue a little to be pleasant,) suppose you nothing to be mine, which is not smooth and elegant. F [...]rewell. And if you be Censor, be mindfull to looke backe into the Cen­sorship of your great Grand- [...]ather.

Cicero Imperator to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 12.

I Will first congratulate with you, (for so the order of things requires) afterwards I'le returne to my selfe. I am glad therefore of your being clea­red of the action de Ambitu, not so much for your acquitall, whereof no man doubted; as, in that the better cittizen you are, the more valiant man, the more constant friend, and the grea­ter [Page 143] aboundance there is in you of [...]hose parts, that deriue from vertue, and en­deuour: so much the more was it to be admired, that in the Articles o [...] so m [...] ­n [...]e iudges, who are of power to accuse, without producing the accuser, there was no secret m [...]lice found ou [...], which durst oppose you [...] This was not a pro­ce [...]ding answerable to these times, to men of thes [...] dai [...]s, nor to present cu­stomes. For my part I haue not ob [...]er­ued any thing this many yeares, that strooke me in [...]o a greater wonder. Now, to come to [...]hat part, which concernes me: Imagine your s [...]lfe [...]or a while in my pl [...]ce, and accoun [...] you are my s [...]lfe If you can easi [...]y deu [...]se what to obi [...]ct vn [...]o me, shew me no fa­ [...]our, if I kn [...]w not how to replie. I [...]ray God this a [...]finitie, which my [...]riends hau [...] made without my priu [...]tie, procure to me and my daughter Tulli [...] that contentment, which, out of your loue, I know you wish her. Which, thou [...]h I hope it will come to pas [...]: yet should I grieue much, that [...]his should [...]all out, in time of your molestations, but that your prudence and humanitie affords me comfort Wherefore I know not how to get cleare of this bu­ [...]inesse: For of the one side I ought not to disapproue a thing, which you desire to be succesfull; and [...]t on the other, I cannot tell what [Page 144] still vexeth my minde; although I am perswaded I may be secure, that you vnderstand very well, that all this mat­ter was brought about by my friends meanes: to whom, a [...] my departu [...]e I gaue commission, that I hauing to liue so far of, they should not attend my will and pleasure, but of themselues s [...]ould doe what they thought [...]i [...], and conuenient: And what if you had bin personally here, you may say? surely I should haue entertain'd the match, but concerning the time [of consummati­on] I would haue done nothing with­out your aduise, and counsell. You see, how I sweat with the paines I daily take, while I striue to defend a matter, which I am bound to defend, and no [...] to offend you. Ease me therefore of this so waightie a burden. For to my re­membrance, I neuer handled so intri­cate a matter. And be assured, that, when I heard the newes of this affinity, though, heretofore I had beene slacke, in performing any thing that apper­tain'd to your honor, I should suddain­ly haue be [...]aken my selfe to the defence thereof, by making you discerne; not any b [...]tter affection then before, ( [...]or better I could not) yet a more feruent zeale and readie will to prosequute your occasions. In departing out of the Pro­uince, the whole yeare of my gouerne­ment being expir'd, on the third of [Page 145] August, when we drew neare to Sida by Sea, I heard of this thing by my friends letters. I said presently to Quin­tus Seruilius, who was with me, and s [...]em [...]d not verie glad of these new [...]s, that I would affect you, more then euer I did. What should I [...]ay more? I will not prot [...]st that my loue is growne greater, but I'le boldly affirme, that my desire to manifest it vnto you, is much augmented. For, as the regard of our precedent enmitie, b [...]fore vrg'd me, to be ver [...]e warie how I gaue the least mis­trust, of my fained reconciliation vnto you; so this new affinitie, excites me to vse all my best endeuours, that it may not be thought, that vpon th [...]s conside­ [...]ation, the tender affection I euer bare you, should in any part be d [...]m [...]nis [...]ed. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Appius Pulcher. Ep. 13.

PResaging, as it were to my selfe, that in such alike office, I should one d [...]y haue need of your f [...]uour; when your goue [...]nment and proceed­ings in the Prouince, were d [...]b [...]ed in [...]he Senate, I maintain [...]d your honour, with my whole power. Ye [...] I must needs say, and that truely, that you haue ren­dred [Page 146] me more, then euer you receiu'd, How many haue written to me, tha [...] not onely with the authoritie o [...] you [...] words, and opinion; for which things of themselues, from so great a man, I ought to haue beene contented; but [...]urther, with your endeuour, and coun [...]sell, and with your repairing home to my house, and solliciting al my friends, you omitted no office of kindnesse to a­ny particular [in my behalfe]? I esteeme more of these things, then o [...] those, for which these endeuours are vnderta­ken. For the ornaments of vertue, haue beene obtained by many, without ver­tue; but such high fauo [...]rs, from men o [...] that rari [...]i [...], none cert [...]inely but a ver­tuous man, could at any time obtaine. So that I propound vnto my selfe no o­ther reward of our amitie, but meere friendship; which in her selfe compre­hends aboundant felicitie; especially in those studies, wherein we mu [...]ually take l [...]king. Because I offer my selfe vnto yo [...] as an associate in the cause of the Common-weal [...]h, of which, our o [...]ini­ons are not different: and I will daily conuerse with you, in the exercise of those vertues, that both the one, and o­ther of vs loueth. I would to God for­tune had so dispos [...]d, that your kindnes might haue bin as great to my friends, as mine to yours: and yet I despair [...] not ther [...]of, for a secret for [...] knowledge [Page 147] that my mind giues me: but you need not care for this: the burden is to lie on my shoulders. And I entreat you to beleeue, that by this new affinitie, my affection towards you is not onely not diminished, but it is encreased: though before, it seem'd to be perfect. When I wrote this present letter, I hop't you were Censor, and for this cause, I con­triu'd the letter, briefe, and mo­dest, as letters ought to be, that are directed to a ma­ster of behauiour. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpi­tius. Epist. 1.

CAin [...] Treba [...]ius my fa­m [...]liar f [...]iend writes vnto me, [...]hat you de­manded of him where I was; and that you were sorrie that sick­nes was [...]he c [...]u [...]e, you could not come [...]o see m [...] [...]fter my returne out of my Prouince; and that now, if I came neere [Page 150] Rome, you would be glad to confer with me about both our offices. Oh Seruius, I would to God we could but haue spo­ken together, before the ruines of the Common-wealth: (for we may now truely say, she is ruined,) out of question we might haue deuised some way to [...]p­hold her. For I know that both in, and after your Consulship, you affected no­thing but peace. Foreseeing the euill that was to ensue. And though I com­mended your iudgement, and was of the same opinion my selfe; yet could I neuer procure the atonement of ciuill dis [...]ord [...] For I came late; I was a­lone; and, as it seemed, but weakely in­formed of the cause. And finally, I found my forces vnable to alter their stubborne min [...]es, that desired warre. Now, seeing we are out of hope to assist the Common-wealth, if we may take some course for the safetie of our owne liues, not to maintaine any forme of our auncient state, but to mourne for the Common-wealth, so far as any wayes may stand with our reputation, I would rather consult with you then any other person in the world whatsoeuer. For I know you rich in the treasure of all learning, and deepely read in all aunci­ent, and moderne histories. And know, that I had formerly written to you, that your going into the Senate, or rather, into the assembly of Senators, would [Page 151] be to small purpos [...], but that I was af­fraid to offend him, who (as you may conceiue) would haue taken it very ill, that I should di [...]swade your residence in Rome; when he so instantly requested me to doe as your selfe did. To whom, when he intreated me, that I would re­turne into the Senate, I answered: that I would say as you said, about the peace, or our going into Spaine. You see on what termes we stand: our Empire is diuided: warre is kindled in euerie quarter: Rome is abandoned, and ex­pos'd to combustion: the lawes, iudge­ment, and finally all good customes are supprest. Whereupon, so farre I am from hoping after better, that I know not what I may presume to desire. But if it seeme good to your wisedome, that we consult together, though I resolu'd to remoue further off from Rome, then now I am, whose very name I cannot heare spoken without extreme griefe: yet I will come nearer hand. I haue bidden Trebatius, that, if at any time, you would send him to speake to me, he refuse not this endeuour: the which I pray doe: or else, you may if you please send some one of your owne people, whom you most t [...]ust: that it may nei­ther be necessarie for you, to come out of Rome, nor for me to approach it. I am so confident in your vnderstanding, and foolishly peraduenture, relie so [Page 152] much on mine owne, tha [...] I assure my selfe, that whatsoeuer wit [...] [...] opi­nion, we shall both conclud [...] [...], will by all men be approued. Far [...]l.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 2.

ON the nineteenth of [...]: being at Cumanum, I [...] your le [...]ters, and after I had [...] [...]hat you wrote, I might perceiue [...] dis­cretion Philo [...]imus shewed: w [...]o being [...]o speake to me in your nam [...], about what occurred; he came not himselfe but sent the letters: the which you said were but briefe, supposing him to bee bearer. Notwithstandin [...] wh [...]n I had read them, your Pos [...]mia, and sonne Seruius [...] me; and determined, that you [...] come to Cumanum; en [...]reating [...] write vnto you, to that effect. Wh [...]rea [...] you require me to aduise you: [...] more need of councell my selfe, [...] aduise another. And why should [...] sume to councell a man of your [...]o­ritie, and wisedome? If we seeke [...] our peculiar offices and duties, we [...]ay easily finde them out: but if benefi [...] [...] shall hardly finde it. But if we [...] men, we ought to be: that is, if [...] [Page 153] steeme that onely profitable, which is iust, and [...]est; we must needes know what [...] [...]ould doe. In that you write how yo [...] state and condition is like mine o [...]; it is most certain in vs, both that when wee held the best opinion, we erred alike: for our councels aymed [...] concord, which being most behoue­ [...]ull to Caesar, we likewise thought in maintaining peace to haue fauoured him; but how we were deceiued in our iudgeme [...] [...] what 'tis come vnto, you [...] and you doe not onely know [...] [...]resent, and past, but you forese [...] [...] [...]ose to come. It's an hard case [...] now put vnto, to doe one of these two things: either to approue what is done; or to be present thereat, though you a [...]proue it not. One of which courses, in my opinion, is base; [...] other full of daunger. To conclude, [...] am resolued, that we must depa [...]t; but [...] to be thought of [...] after what man­ [...] shall order our departure, a [...]d whither we shall goe. Neuer was there [...] condition more miserable, nor [...] more difficul [...]: because we [...] dispose of any thing, but that w [...] [...] light vpon some great contra­ [...] If you so thinke [...]ood, I would [...] you doe thus: that if you haue de­ [...]ermin'd of any course, wherein your [...], and mine owne doe not [...], in any [...]i [...]e take not the paines [Page 154] to come; but if you desire first, to con­sult with me, I'le willingly stay for you [...] And I shall be glad, if you can conue­niently, that you would come out of hand, as is likewise the desire of Seruius, and Posthumia. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 3.

I Daily heare, that you are pensiue; and that, for the publick s [...]ipwracke, you mourne extreamely. Whereat though I cannot wonder, but confesse, that I likewise, vndergoe the same af­fliction: neuerthelesse, I both grieue beyond measure, that you being a man endowed with such singular wise [...]ome, will not rather reioyce at your owne good, then vexe at another mans hurt. And I, though I graunt not, that any man is mo [...]e grieu'd at heart, then I am, for the lamentable ouerthrow of our Common-wealth: yet now for many reasons I take comfort, especially in calling to minde, that I neuer fail'd to pay vnto my countrie, whatsoeuer was due from a good Cittizen. For long since, as from an eminent and high tower, I discer [...]'d a far off, the ruine that was comming. And I saw it the [Page 155] better, becau [...]e you pointed it out vnto me. For though I was in my Prouince a great part of your Consulship, yet so remote as I was, I knew your opinion about the preuenting this pestiferous warre. Besides I was in Rome, at the beginning of your Consulship, when a discourse falling out, vpon all the ciuill warres, you admonished the Senate, to take heed, by the calamities that were past: and to thinke how much more intollerable those would be, which oppressed the Country in these time [...], seeing they had be [...]ne so cruell, who oppressed it heretofore, hauing thereof no former president or exam­ple: In that men, doe vsu [...]lly thinke, that they may in all reason doe, what they haue example for; nay, and to doe wor [...]e, then their presid [...]nt allowes. Remember therefore, they are in ex­treame mise [...]y, who might haue beene in happ [...]e [...] [...]state, if they had followed your aut [...]oritie, and cou [...]sell. You will say: What fruit reape I by this, a­midst such darkenesse, and so great [...]uines of the Common-wealth? Such is my griefe, I conf [...]sse, that it's scarce­ly capable of consolat [...]on: so gr [...]a [...] is the l [...]s [...]e of all things, and the desp [...]ire of their recouerie: yet, you s [...]ould m [...]tigate your so [...]row, [...]i [...]h this com­fort; that Caesar himselfe and with h [...]m al other Cittizens are possest, that there [Page 156] remaines no other light of sanctitie, prudence, and repu [...]ation, but your per­son. These reasons, may afford you, wonderfull relaxa [...]ion. Concerning your being farre off from your friends, you ought the easelier to support these troubles; being at one instant likewise, far remou'd from many, and grieuous molestations: of which I would write somewhat to you, but that I will not in writing certifie you of things, which, in that you see them not, I iudge you lesse vnhappie, then our selues, that daily be­hold them. Hitherto me thinkes, I haue vsed all the arguments of cons [...]lation, that the loue I beare you could put into my minde, to ease the burden of your aggreeuances: other comforts remaine within your owne breast, the which I know to be great; yea, greater then a­ny that can be [...]ound: and I haue euery day, a feeling ther [...]of in my selfe, with so great benefit of minde, that me­thinkes, I enioy a safetie th [...]reby. But I well remember, that you from your infancie, were studioushe addict­ted to all lea [...]ning, and especiallie, to Philosophie; which in prosperitie yeeldes vs profit, and contentment; and now being in aduersitie, wee haue no other comf [...]rt but it. I will not bee arrogant, nor prescribe vnto you, who are endued with so great learning, and so noble a soule, the studie of these [Page 157] Arts, which you euer affect [...]d from your youngest yeares. Thus much on­ly I wi [...]l say vnto you, (and I hope you will commend me for it) that I, seeing how the estimation of my Art is de­clin'd, I meane of eloquence, I haue appl [...]ed all my endeauours to th [...] studie of Philosophie. And because you see, that your Art also, though it bee excel­lent and singular, is notwithstanding almost as lightly valued, as ours: I need not labour to put you in minde; that in so boisterouse a storm you retire your selfe also in [...]o the same Port; be­ing perswaded, that alread [...]e, you are thither withdrawne: for it is such re­fuge, that though [...]t cannot restore our publike los [...]e, yet will it be ve [...]ie avai­lable, in razing out the memoriall thereof. Your [...]onne S [...]ruius is a won­derfull proficient in all the l [...]b [...]r [...]ll Artes, and principallie in thi [...], wherein, as I write, my repose consis [...]eth. I wish him so well, that besides your owne, no mans loue can exceed m [...]ne towards him. Wherein he returnes me iust ex­change. For he lou [...]s, and honors me, with an opinion, (as may easily be dis­cerned) tha [...] heerein hee performe [...]h, what your owne heart desireth. [...]are­well.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 4.

I Accept of your excuse, in hauing written vnto mee sundrie le [...]ers of the same tenor, and in the selfe-same words: but I accept it only, in that you write you did so, by reason through negligence, and vntrustines of messen­gers, letters oftentimes miscarried. Touching that part where you excuse your sel [...]e, by saying, that through pe­nurie of words (for so you terme it) yo [...] vse to write many letters, in one and the sel [...]esame forme; I cannot in any wise admit of it. And wheras you saie by waie of a iest, (for so I take it) that I possesse the treasures of the tongue, certainely I am not ignorant, that of words I am not very barren, (for why should I d [...]ssemble) but not­withstanding all this, (and in this I halt as little) I easilie, or readilie giue place, to the pregnancie, and el [...]gancie of your writings. Touching the go­uernment of Achaia; I euer liked of your course, in not refusing such a charge; but after the reading of your l [...]st letters, I farre more highly appro­ued it. For all the reasons which you alledge are most iust, and beseem [...]ng both your authoritie, and prudence. [Page 159] [...] as you are greeued, because ther [...] ensued not that contentment of minde, you look't for, you supposing, that we liue not so ill here at Rome: Vn­doubtedly you are deceiued. But be­cause the commotion, and con [...]usion of things is such, and the ruine so great, which this most wicked warre hath wrought: that euery man deemes himselfe vnhappie wheresoeuer: there­fore you repent you of your owne o­pinion, and we at home, seeme happie men vnto you. But cleane contrarie, wee heere iudge you, not altogether to bee free from molestations; but in re­spect of our selues, fortunate, or bles­sed. And were it but in this, your con­dition is farre better then ours; for you may securely write the occasions of your griefe, which wee cannot doe, without danger: not through any vice of the Conqueror, who cannot possi­blie be more clement, but in respect of the victorie it selfe, which in ciuill wars, is alwaies insolent. In one thing wee haue exceeded you, because a little be­fore your selfe, we saw the grace, which Caesar did to Marcellus your Colleague, and withall, in that I beheld, how the matter was carried. For I may truely affirme vnto you, that since these mise­ries, that is, since that time that men began to striue for the Empire of Rome by armes, there hath passed nothing in [Page 160] the Senate, with the dignitie of the common-wealth. For Eucius Piso making mention of Marcus Marcellus; and Caius Marc [...]us prostrating him [...]s [...]lfe at Caesars fe [...]te, humblie entreating him that he would bee pleased, that his Brother might returne to Rome; the Se­na [...]ors rising [...]p altogether at the same instant, submissely requested the like of him: Then Caesar accusing th [...]u­ster [...]tie of Marcus Marcellus, ( [...]or so hee cal'd i [...]) and in honourable tearmes exal [...]ng your worth, and wi [...]edome, on a su [...]daine b [...]yo [...]d all expectation, he said, that for all this hee would not forbeare to comfort the Senate. Be no further inquisi [...]iue. This seem'd vnto me [...]o glorious a day, that me thought I saw a forme and Image of the Com­monwealth raised vp againe from death; whereupon all they, who were demanded before my selfe, hauing gi­uen thankes to Caesar, besides Vol [...]tiu [...]; who said, if hee were in Marcellus case, hee would neuer returne to Rome; when I was sought vnto, I changed my mi [...]de: For I resolued, not o [...]t o [...] sloth­fulnesse, but for me [...]re griefe, of lost digni [...]ie, neuer to speake more in the Senate But this generous part in Cae­sar, [...]nd so [...]riendly an o [...]fice of the Se­nate, broke off my resolution; and in many words I gaue tha [...]kes [...]o Cae [...]ar, which peraduenture may bee a c [...]use, [Page 161] that I shall no more enioy that honest repose, that was the only mitigation of our euills. But yet, I hauing begun to speake, that I might not off [...]nd Caesar; who if I had beene altogether silent, might peraduenture haue thought, that I held, this Common-wealth no Cōmonwealth; I wil he [...]eaf [...]er speak so seldome, as it shall rather bee too lit [...]le, then too much: and this I'le doe, to satisfie in one, both his will, and mine owne studies. For although from my tender yeares I was well affected to all liberall Sciences, and especially to Phi­losophie: yet this studie delights mee more [...]uery day then other, ou [...] of the maturitie of my yeares, as I suppose, which inclines to wisedome; and through the malignitie of these times, which is so violent, that no other re­medie is aua [...]leable enough, to defend our minde from those molestations that enuiron it: to which studie, you write you could not attend, by rea­son of the mult [...]tude of negotiations: which you may w [...]ll doe, allowing your selfe some time in the nigh [...]'s, now growing somewhat longer. Our Ser­uius honours mee with great respect: and hee breedes my infinite content­ment; for besides his learning, I dis­cerne in him singular goodn [...]sse, con­ioyn'd with valour. He often discours­eth with me, of your affair [...]s, asking [Page 162] me the question, whether you must re­maine still in your Prouince, or depart. Hitherto my opinion is, that we dispose of our selues to Caesars will. If you were at Rome, besides your friends, you could finde nothing wherewith to bee delighted; Caesar himselfe is the best of all other considerations. But the estate of the Common-wealth, is such, that you would rather desire to heare of it, then see it. This I speake against mine owne minde; because I desire to see you in R [...]me for my consolation: but I speake it, because I preferre your bene­fit before mine owne contentment. Farewell.

Seruius Sulpitius to Cicero. Epist. 5.

FOr the death of your daughter Tu [...] ­lia, I wa [...] as truely sorrowfull, as be­houed me: but this I reputed a com­mon misfortune; and had I been there, I would haue assisted you with all possi­ble kindnesse, and with your owne eies, you should haue read my griefe. Now, though their estate be pitiful, & lamen­table, that vndertake to comfort others; who either being kinsfolkes, or neere f [...]iends, haue more need of consolation [Page 163] themselues, being no waies able [...]o dis­charge this office, without aboundant teares, in that they are afflicted with the same care and griefe: yet will I not forbeare to set before your eyes those things, which at [...]his present come into my minde: not because I imagine, that you did not discouer them, but in that by the vaile of your griefe, they are peraduenture concealed from you. What's the reason, that the death of your daughter should so afflict you? Remember how Fortune hath hither­to to [...]sed vs. Shee hath depriued vs of those goods, which men ought to e­steeme no lesse deere, then their chil­dren; our countrey, our dignities, all honours, and commendable customes. What greater sorrow could pierce your heart, through the accesse of this dis­aster? or what minde is there, that is not so inured to these things, that it is ere this time hardned; and that in fee­ling them, is sorrowfull? haue you com­passion of her, b [...]cause she is dead? In deed I suppose, this greeues you: Though nece [...]sarily you must, as wee al [...]o oftentimes consider, that they haue beene very fortunate, to whom the heauens were so fauourable, as depri­uing them of life, they brought vpon them a death without vexation. And why should shee desi [...]e longer life? To what end? Vpon what hopes? To [Page 164] marry with some Gentle [...]man, with whom she might haue liu'd h [...]ppily? I beleeue, that amongst our young Nobilitie, you might haue made choice of a son in law, co [...]respondent to your owne dignitie: to whose trust, you might [...]ecurely haue committed your children. Or, because she might haue occasion to reioyce, when shee saw her children in flourishing estate? And such, who, of themselues, might be a­ble to gouerne their fathers inheri­tance? might attaine successiuely to all honours? might shew courtesie in their [...]riends occasions? Which of these things was not taken away, before it was giuen? Oh, but you'l say, The losse of children go [...]s neere the [...]eart. 'Tis true, it is an [...]uill, but to suffer what we suffer, is far worse. Ile rel [...]te a thing vnto you, which gaue mee no small consola [...]ion; to try, if it can a [...] ­ford you as much. Returning out of Asia, and sailing from Aegina, towards Megara, I cast mine eye round about. B [...]hinde me lay Aegina, before M [...]gar [...], on the [...]ight h [...]nd Pirae [...]us, and on the left Corinthus: wh [...]ch were somet [...]mes renowned Cities, but now appeare to euery mans view, demolished, and euen wi [...]h the g [...]ound: And thus I began to con [...]ider with my selfe: Doe we then, poore wretched men, so dismay our selues, when any one of vs is slaine, or [Page 165] dead; When in one onely place, so many bod [...]es of razed Cit [...]es are seene lying on the ground? Wilt not thou, ô Seruiu [...], ackno [...]ledge and remember thy selfe, to bee borne mor [...]a [...]l? I [...] you thinke good, propound to your sel [...]e this other example: Not long since, at one instant, many honourable men were slaine: The Empire was much impayr'd: All the Pr [...]uinces were tor­mented: And doe you, for one si [...]ly womans breath expir'd, poure out so infinite lamentation? Who, if shee were not now dead, within a few yeeres, of nec [...]ssitie shee must dye; be­ing mortall borne. Alas! banish this passion from your heart, and rather re­call those things to your minde, that are worthie of your person: that shee liu'd as long time as was requisite; that she liued in the flourishing estate of the Common-wealth; that she saw her fa­ther P [...]aetor, Consull, and Augure; that shee was married to one of the no­blest young men in Rome; that shee ta­s [...]ed all contentments, that possibly may bee [...]nioyed in this world; and at last, departed this life at the same in­stant, when the Common-wealth her selfe failed. And therefore nei [...]her you, nor shee, could complaine of Fortune. Besides you must remember, how you are the same Cic [...]ro, that was wont [...]o perswade, and comfort others. Doe [Page 166] not therefore imitate ignorant Physi [...]i­ans, who in other mens maladies, pro­fesse they haue the Art of Physicke, but by no meanes can cure themselues: ra­ther haue recourse to those remedies, with which you were wont to cure o­thers misfortunes. There is no greefe so great, which length of [...]ime doth not make lesse, and extenuate. It becomes you not to expect this time, and not to withstand it by your wisdome. And if it bee true, that the soule is immortall: then she questionlesse, out of the loue she beares to you, and the affection to the r [...]st of her friends, would no [...] haue you commit this errour. Deny not this fauour therefore to your daughters soule. D [...]ny it not your good friends, who sorrow [...]or your greefe [...] Nor deny it to your Country, because, if shee stood in need of you, shee may vse your aid and councell. And seeing we are reduced to such a point, that we must also haue a respect to this; take heed, lest others censure, that you la­ment not so much for your daughter, as for another mans victorie, and the calamities of the Common-wealth. I am asham'd to write vnto you of this more at large, because I would not seeme to be diffident of your wisdome: with this breefe record therefore, I will make an end. We heretofore saw, that you gouern'd prudently in your happy [Page 167] [...]ort [...]nes; and reaped thereby high commendation. Now, let it appeare vpon this accident, that you know how to demeane your selfe also in disasters, without taking greater greefe then is conuenient: to the end, that of all o­ther vertues, this may not onely seeme wanting in you. As for the occur­rents of these par [...]s, when I heare of the pacification of your minde, I will pre­sently giue you aduertisement. Fare­well.

Cicero, to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 6.

I Wish, my deere Seruius, as you write, that you had beene at Rome, when this grieuous accident befell me. For if your letters haue somewhat [...]asde my mind, so much the more doe I suppose, that with your presence you might haue assisted me, both in comforting me, and mutually mourning for the cause of my griefe. For fi [...]st you set me downe reasons, that are of force to stay my teares; and then your selfe also, as it were for a kinde of comfort, haue associated your griefe with mine. But yet your S [...]ruiu [...], in all the louing offi­ces, that at such time could be shewed, [Page 168] did manifest both in what esteeme himselfe held me, and how he thought that you al [...]o [...]ooke well at his ha [...]d, this his affection towards me. Whose loue did so comfort me, that I know not what greater contentment I could haue desired; for ioy I cannot tearme it. Neither do your words onely cheare me vp, and your fellow feeling, as it were, of my heart griefe; but your au­thoritie also turnes to my especiall con­solation. For me thinks I am ashamed, I should not tollerate my mis-fortunes, with that fortitude of minde, as you, being a man of singular wisedome thinke fit I should doe. And yet some­times I am so ouerwhelmed with sor­row, that I can scarcely support it; wanting those comforts, which others in the like Fortunes fail'd not of, whose example I propound vnto my selfe. For both Quintus Maximus, who lost a son, that had beene Consull, and after the same dignitie, performed many famous enterpris [...]s: and Lucius Paulus, who in seauen dayes, was depriu'd of two: with our Gallus, and Marcus Cato, who had [...]ne died, that was replenished with prudence and valour: these liued in those times, that the honours which the Common-wealth afforded them, were to them a comfort. But no other comfort was left me, then that which death bereau'd me of. I had lost those [Page 169] ornam [...]s, [...]hi [...]h you recount, and which I with painefull endeauours had purchased: my minde was not busied, neither with my friends occasions, nor the managings of the Common-wealth: I could not plead any cause, nor could I counsell the Senate: it ap­peared vnto mee, euen as in effect it was, that I had lost all the fruits of my labours, and fortunes. But on the other side, considering [...]hat this misfortune happened not to mee alone, but exten­ded it selfe further to you, and some o­thers also: I arm'd my minde with pa­tience, and so much the more readily, because I knew whither to flye, where to repose mee, and where, with sweet and pleasant discourse, to expell out of my minde, all clouds of duskie and hea [...]uie meditations. But now, this greeuous wound makes me feele those olde scars, which I tooke to bee healed. Hereto­fore, though I were depriued of the Common-wealth, yet I found them at home, which ye [...]lded me comfort. But now, of that societie, which I so deerly loued, finding my selfe left alone, mee [...]hinkes I haue lost all those delights, that should haue eased my afflictions about the Common-weal [...]h. And thus I haue lost all, both publique and priuate com [...]ort: which makes me the rather desire, that you would speedily returne: all the consolations of letters, [Page 170] are nothing, in respect of those, which our conuersation and conference will afford me: and her [...]of I shortly looke to receiue comfort. For I heare, your returne is expected. I desire for many causes, to see you out of hand, and a­mongst the rest, that we may, before it be too late, consult, how to passe ouer this time, wherein, the forme of our life must bee fram'd, according to the will and pleasure of one man: who, though he be replenished with wisdom and courtesie; and, so far as I can per­ceiue, beares towards mee, rather a good minde, then otherwise; and a singular affection to you: yet herein we must be circumspect, how wee resolue, and that we stir in nothing, but quietly repose our selues, vnder the shadow of his gracious fauour. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 7.

THough I will not presume to repre­hend the courses, which hitherto you haue taken; not because I am like­wise of the same opinion: but in that I repute you so wise, that I will not take vpon me to prefer mine own iudgment before yours: yet for our ancient loues [Page 171] sake, and for the infinite good will, you haue borne me, from your child-hood, I could not but impart that vnto you, which I iudge most profitable for your life, without any preiudice to your ho­nour, or reputation. I remember full well, you are the man, which in your Consulship performed wonderfull mat­ters: I likewise call to minde, that you neuer approu'd, that a ciuill war should bee made in such forme and manner, as it hath beene. Neither did you euer like of Pompeyes Armie. And you alwayes fear'd the perils, which since haue hap­ned, as also you cannot forget, that my selfe was euen of the same opinion. And therefore, as you would be present in the war, but a small time: so I vsed all the meanes I could, to keepe from thence, because there was no fighting with counsell, authoritie, or cause, which were things wherein we excel­led: but the buckling was by force and hand-blowes, wherein we were not e­quall: and therefore wee were vanqui­shed; and if not vanquish't, (for it seemes, that a iust and honest cause can neuer be ouercome) at least, wee were disturbed, & discomfited. Wherin, not only your counsel is by euery man to be commended, in that together with the hope of victory, you gaue ouer your de­sire of fighting: giuing in this to vnder­stand, that euery wise & good Citizen, [Page 172] as he enters into a ciuill war against his will, so doth he as vnwillingly perseuere in the same, till it bee ended. I see that those, who followed not your aduise, are diuided into two sorts: For some of them, did what they could, to re­new the war in Africa: And othersome haue cast thems [...]lues at the feet of the Conquerour; as also I my selfe haue done. You haue kept a [...]iddle way; r [...]puting peraduenture of the other two waies, the [...]ormer very imprudent, & the second to be scarse honour [...]ble. Questionlesse, most men, yea all in ge­neral, both censure, that you did wisely: and many likewise, extoll therin your magnanimity and fortitude. But it may suffice you, that you haue made your selfe known for such a man: especially, [...]eeing you want nothing else, for the [...]e­couery of your former estate; but a will in your selfe. For I vndestand, there is nothing troubles his mind, that's Lord of all, but onely the doubt he is in, [...]hat you will not accept of your restitution at his hands. In which it boots not, for me to deliuer my opinion, considering, what I haue done my selfe. Notwith­standing, if you were formerly resol­ued, to liue in perpetuall exile, rather then to behold your Countreyes serui­tude: yet you should consider, that wher [...]soeuer you are, you shall be euer vnder his power, whom you flye, who [Page 173] although hee were con [...]ent, that you should liue abroad in any place in li­berty, and quie [...]ly: yet you should doe well, to bethinke your selfe, whether were better, either to liue at Rome, and in your own house, or at Rh [...]des, or Mi­tylene But his dominion, whom we so much feare, being extended so far, that there is no p [...]rt of the world, which it reacheth not vn [...]o; had you not ra [...]her continue in your owne house, wi [...]hout danger, then abroad, wi [...]h perill, in an­other mans. For my part, were I to lose my life, I had rather lose it in my Countrey, then in strange and forraine parts. What I write vnto you, all that loue you thinke the same: who, [...]or your famous & noble vertues, a [...]e very many. We also stand in doubt of your habitations, which we would not haue sackt in any wise. For, though peraduen­ture, they can take no hurt of long con­tinuance: (because neither Caesar, who hath in his hands the Common-wealth, nor yet the Common-wealth her selfe, would permit it.) Neuertheles, I know­ing that in Rome there be Huck [...]ters, I would not haue them outragiously en­tred, and pil [...]red. And who these are, I durst set downe in writing: but that I am assured, you know them well e­nough. Your brother, Caius Marcellus, who is vexed with continuall afflicti­ons, with many teares in his eyes, sues [Page 174] for your re [...]urne. And I feele no lesse greefe then he: though the offices hee vndergoes to helpe you, are not per­mitted mee to doe. I hauing stood i [...] need my selfe of another mans helpe with Caesar, with whom I can doe no more, then what the vanquished, vsually obtaine from the Conquerour: Ne­uerthelesse, I forsake not Marcellus, ei­ther in my councels, or endeauours: your other friends make no vse of mee. In all occurrents command me. Fare­well.

Cicero to Marcus Marcel­lus. Epist. 8.

I dare not aduise you, nor offer you a­ny comfort, knowing, you of your selfe to be exceeding wise, and of great valour. For if it be tru [...], that you sup­port those [...]errible accidents, which haue happened, with such constancie as I heare; I should rather reioyce in your fortitude, then mitigate your sor­row. If also the sinister euents of the Common-wealth excruciate you: I dare not presume to haue so copious a wit, as to thinke I can comfort you; not being able in that kind to helpe my selfe. In other offices be assured, that I will neuer faile, whensoeuer your [Page 175] friends request me; to whom I will in all occasions, giue to vnderstand, that I am bound to doe for you, not onely whatso [...]uer I can doe, but what I can­not doe also. This I would request you to accept from me, either as a remem­brance, or an opinion; or else, that you would beleeue, that my affection to­wards you vrged me to speake it: which is, to enter into this cogitation, that my selfe hath done; that if there be any forme of a Common-wealth, you must liue therein; and though you be, both in euery mans iudgement, and in effect an honourable Cittizen; yet the qualitie of the times must beare greater sway: then your peculi­ [...]r will: nay, [...]hough no forme of a Common-wealth should remaine, yet you may think Rome, a place fit enough for your exile. For if we affect libertie, what part is no [...] subiect to this domini­on? if like wise you care no more to liue in one place, then another; what swee­ter residence is there then a mans owne countrie? But I assure you, that Caesar cherisheth all good wits; and embra­ceth noble, and estimable men, so farre as may stand with the state, and dignity which he holds: but I goe [...]ur [...]her, then I thought to haue done. Againe I say, I will ioyne my whole endeuour, with that of your best friends, if they be your friends: if not, I for mine owne part, [Page 176] in all opportunities, will satisfie what­soeuer is due, to the auncient amitie hath beene betweene vs. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 9.

THough I wrote vnto you at large before, by Quintus Mutius, and ex­plained my opinion to you; yet Theo­philus your Free-man going thither, whose fidelitie and true loue [...]owards you, is well knowne vnto me, I would not let him passe, without my letters: Once againe therefore I perswade you, to returne into your countrie, in what state so euer it stand. You may well see many things which you would not; but not more, then what euery day comes to your eares: and thinke not, but there may come as much offence vnto you, by the eare, as by the eye: rather, that which we heare, seemes of­tentimes far greater then it is in effect. Oh, but you [...]l tel me that somtimes you must needs say, and doe that, which willingly you would not. First; to yeeld vnto the times, that is, to obey necessi­tie, hath euer beene reputed singula [...] wisedome: Then; so farre as I can see, this your argument is not true [...] For, re­maining [Page 177] in Rome, peraduenture 'tis not lawfull for you, to speake what you thinke: but you may lawfully conceale it. There is onely one at this present, which gouern [...]s; who is not aduised by his friends, but followes his owne counsels: and the like would Pompeius haue done, if Fortune had permitted him to seruiue Conquerour. Shall wee beleeue, that a [...]ter victorie, he would haue made any reckoning of vs; when, during the vncertainties of the warre, when he saw, all men, runne one and the self [...] same fortune, he onely made vse of the directions of some shallow fellowes? And [...]f when, you were Con­sull, he would not follow, your prudent instructions, n [...]ither would be directed after our prescriptions, in the yeare of your brothers Consulship: suppose you, if he had be [...]ne once possest of the whole common wealth, that he would euer haue lent so much as an eare, to our admonitions? Ciuill warres are full of all miseries; which our predecessors neuer saw; and [yet] this present age, by reiterated experience ha [...]h felt them. But there is nothing more lamentable, then victorie itselfe: the which, though it for [...]une to the best qual [...]fied men, yet it makes them more [...]ierce, and vnbrid­ [...]ed: so as, though they be not such by nature, yet necessitie constraines them so to be. In that the victor must graunt [Page 178] many things, contrarie to his owne minde, to those by whose meanes, he vanqui [...]hed. Did you not perceiue as well as I, how cruell likewise Po [...]peius victorie must needs haue beene? If there [...]ore he had subdued, would you in this case haue forsaken your coun­trie, because you would not behold some things displeasing to your mind? If you say, you meant to liue at Rome, because you would haue enioy'd your substance, and retain'd your dignitie: I will answere, that out of your vertue, you ought to haue contemn'd your owne respects, and to haue no other ob­iect, but the Common-wealth. With­all, what will the effect of your opinion be? For hitherto, your resolution is not onely commended; but conside­ring the matter, your good Fortune also: your resolution; because necessi­tie draue you to a ciuill warre, and your wisedome retir'd you from the issue of it: your Fortune; by reason that in an honorable vacancie, you prese [...]u'd the qualitie, and fame of your place, and dignitie. But now, no place ought to be dearer to you, then your countrie; neither should you loue her the worse, for her d [...]formitie, nor depriue her of your comfortable presence, seeing shee is become the widdow of so many, so great personages. Finally, if you [...]aue made knowne the greatnesse of your [Page 179] minde, in not humbling your selfe to the Conquerour; take heed you be not censured proud, in refusing his courte­sie. And if we repute him wise, that flies farre off, from his countries oppression; sometimes it is likewise esteem'd but wilfulnesse, not to affect it: and if we are denied to enioy publicke fortunes, yet let's make much of that, we are per­mitted to enioy priuatly. To conclude, I say, that if you thinke that you liue there more commodiously: yet ought you to consider, that you rest not per­aduenture in any great securitie. The libertie of Armes is vnlimitable: but in other countries, there is also le [...]se re­spect of doing iniurie. I so desire your safetie, that your brother Marce [...]us, lit­tle, or nothing at all surmounts me. Haue a respect, as is conuenient, to the qualitie of the times, to your wisdome, to your life, and to your substance. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marcel­lus. Epist. 10.

THough I had no newes whereof to write, and euerie day expected your letters, or rather indeed your selfe: yet was I not willing Theophilus should come to you, [...] l [...]tters. [Page 180] Determine therefore to come so soon, as you can; and make accou [...]t, you shall come long looked for; not only by vs, that is, by your friends, but of all men in generall. Sometimes I muse with my selfe, that you delight as much as you can, to prolong your cōming: questiōles I should haue held you excu­sed, i [...] you had no other sence, but that o [...] your eies. But things heard, making as deep an impression, as those that are seene [...] and being my opinion, that yo [...] ought without all delay to repaire to Rome; I thought good by this, to in­stigate you thereunto. And s [...]eing I haue made knowne my minde vnto you, it remaines for you to resolue in such a sort, as best stands with your wisdome. Yet I would desire you to write vn [...]o me, at what time we are to expect you. Farewell.

Marcus Marcellus to Cicero. Epist. 11.

HOW farre your commands pre­ [...]aile with mee, you might euer vnderstand, but in this present occur­rent more then at any other time. For though Caius Marcellus my most kinde brother, not only exhorted me, but [Page 181] humblie entreated mee, that I would bee pleased to returne to Rome: yet could hee neuer pe [...]swade mee, nor worke that effect, which, since that, your letters haue done; by which I perceiue how the matter went. Your office of congratulation with mee, springing from a most sincere affection, is to me very acceptable: and it yeelds mee the greater contentment, because amongst so few friends and kinsmen, which seriously imployed themselues for my safetie, I particularly discouer your desire, and the singular affection you beare me. At the first I little re­garded my returning into that coun­trie, where men ruled more then laws: but now I am perswaded, that from such men, or such friends, as you are, no man can liue farre distant, either [...] in aduerse, or fauourable fortunes; wher­fore this makes me reioyce in my selfe, and I remaine so much oblieg'd vnto you, that I will deuise by all meanes to make you knowe, that you haue beene beneficiall to one, who in his loue vnto you, is no whit inferiour to the best of your acquaintance. Farewell.

Ser [...]ius Sulpitius to Ci [...]ero. Epist. 12.

THough I know well, that I shall informe you of lamentable, and fearefull newes, neuerthelesse because fortune and nature exceedes all mens discourse: whatsoeuer it is, I thinke good not to conceale it: On the xxviij. of May, comming by ship from Epidaurus, to Pirae [...]um, I there found Marcus Marcellus our Colleague, and I spent all that day with him. The day following, when I departed from him, with intention to goe into Boeotia, and to visite the rest of my Prouince; he, as hee told me, was to saile towards Italie, by the way of the Malleae. The day af­ter I being to leaue Athens, about ten a clocke at night, Pos [...]umius his [...]amiliar friend, came, and told mee, that after supper Publiu [...] Magius C [...]ilo, one of Marcellus his domesticall friends, had stabb'd him with a poinyard, and giuen him two wounds, one in the stomacke, another in the head, close vnder one of his [...]ares; but that yet there was hope, that hee might escape it: and that Ma­gius after so wicked a fact, slue himselfe: and Marcel [...]us sent him to relate vnto me the accident, and [...]ntreat me, that I would assemble some Phisitions: the [Page 183] which I presently did; and about break of day went without all delaie, towards his lodging: when, not far from Pir [...] ­um I met a boy that belonged to Acidi­nus, who deliuered me a letter, which inferred, that a little before day Mar­ce [...]us left this life. Thus, a noble gen­tleman, renowned for great valour, by a base fellow, and of meanest conditi­on, was lamentably murdered: and, hauing for his honor, and dignitie been pardoned by his enemies, hee met with a [pretended] Friend, that butcher'd him. I would not stay till I came to his lodging, where I found none but two [...]ree-men, and some few seruants; for the rest, they said, were fled distra­cted, because their Master was slaine, before his owne lodging. I was enforc't to carrie him, into the Citie in my lit­ter, and there I prepared for him as solemne a funerall, as in Athens I could. The Athenians would not grant me a place within the Citie where to burie him: For they excus'd themselues that they were prohibited by their religion, neither had they granted the like to any before; but they were content he should be buried, in any publique Schoole we best liked. And we of many made choice of the most noble; which was the schoole of the Acad [...]mie: where burying his bo­die, we ordained, that the Athenians, [Page 184] should erect in his memoriall, a mar­ble sepu [...]cher. You see then, how both before and af [...]er his death, I did him those offices, whereunto I was tied, both in respect of inward amitie, and by reason I had beene his Colleague in the Consulship. Farewell. From A­thens, this last of May.

Cicero to Publius Nigidius Figulus. Epist. 13.

THE reason why I haue not writ­ten to you of long time, is first be­cause I had no certaine subiect whereof to write; and secondly, because I could not vse those kinde of letters, which are ordinarie. For Fortune hath so ta­ken from vs all kinde of cheerefull ar­gument; that wee cannot onely not write, but not so much as thinke of any ioyfull matters. There remaines a kinde of writing, that's miserable and lamentable, and com [...]ormable to these times: this I want also. For when I should offer you assistance, and com­ [...]ort, I am able to offer you none For my selfe ouerwhelmed by the same stormes, am driuen to relie on others. And I lament more often, that I liue in this manner, then I ioy tha [...] I liue: for [Page 185] though I haue not particularly receiu'd any notorious iniurie by Fortune: and Caesar, without attending my supplica­tion, hath conferred vpon mee, many reall fauours: yet haue I inwardly such discontentment, that mee thinkes I si [...]ne gri [...]uously in remaining aliue. For many of my familiar friends are by death taken away, and diuers for feare of the victor, are fled into sundrie countries. And, of all those friends, which ioyned with me, and you, in de­fence of the Common-wealth, I haue not one that suruiueth: and I am en­forst to behold the ruine and rapine of their goods: neither do I onely heare, but to my extreame hea [...]t griefe I see, their substance ill dispos'd of, by whose ayde wee heeretofore extinguished the flames of the Common-wealth. And where wee had before, fauours, autho­ritie, and great glorie; now wee [...]inde no such matter: true it is, that wee en­ioy the grace and fauour of Caesar him­selfe: but that can not preuaile, aboue the violent mutation of all things, and of the times. Being therefore de [...]titute of whatsoeuer I was accustomed vnto by nature, enclination, and vse; I am distastfull not onely to others, as I vn­derstand, but to my selfe also. For be­ing borne, to haue alwaies somewhat a foot, beseeming a man; now, I want not onely the meanes of employment, [Page 186] but euen to ruminate, how I might helpe any one: And whereas before, I was able to pleasure persons ignoble, yea, and the guiltie; now, to Publius Nigidius my deare friend, who hereto­fore was so highly honor'd, and who excells all men, both for learning, and pietie; I cannot so much as offer my assistance. It therefore re [...]aines, that I labour to comfort you, and remo [...]e from you with liuely reasons, that griefe which oppresseth your minde. But if any man be of true force to com­fort, either you or any other, it is your selfe: whereupon, I will not touch that point, which containes in it lear­ned, and exquisite reasons; But I will leaue it absolutely to your selfe. Ob­serue you, that, which is requisite for a valiant, and wise man, exacted at your hands by your grauitie, height of spirit, life past, the studies, and Sciences, which you euer prosecuted with singu­lar commendation. I'le deliuer vnto you, what I can know, remaining in Rome, and therunto bending my minde, as I doe. I therefore affirme vnto you, that you shall not long dwell in these molestations, wherein at this present you are inuolued; but in those which also oppresse vs, I feare, you will euer continue. First of all I conceiue, that hee which beares all the sway, hath a very good opinion of you. This I write [Page 187] not without good ground. The lesse familiar I am with him, the more dili­gently I diue into his disposition. And therefore be secure, that he delaies your restitution for no other reason, but be­cause hee would haue so much the iu­ster occasion, to denie their suits with whom hee is displeased. Besides, all his friends, I meane those in greatest opi­nion with him, stand greatly affected to your vertues, whereunto may bee added the peoples fauour vnto you, yea, and of all Rome besides. And more­ouer the Common-wealth, which, to tell truth; at this instant, is but weake, (but of necessitie it must recouer it former abilitie) with the same strength it shall haue, will constraine her gouer­nours, to restore you to your countrie. I said in the beginning, that I could not offer you my endeauour, and yet now I'le presume to offer you it: for I will seeke by all ceremoniall obseruance, to gaine, and binde vnto me Caesars friends, who loue me well, and spend much time with me; and by all artificiall meanes, I will studie to insinuate my selfe into Caesars amitie; which hitherto hath beene denied me, through my o­uer respectiue nature. In conclusion, take my faithfull promise, that I will leaue no waies vnattempted, by which I may thinke to compasse our ends: And in this I'le doe much more, then I [Page 188] dare to write. In all other occurrents command me, for you shall see mee ex­ceed the loue of all your other friends and kindred. I haue nothing in the world, which you may not esteeme as well yours as mine owne; But of this I'le dilate no further, being desirous that you should hope rather to helpe your selfe with your owne; as I hope you shall. Nothing remaines, but to exhort, and intreate you, that you would arme your minde against For­tune: and remember not onely those things which you haue learned of other g [...]eat men, but also those which haue proceeded from your owne studie, and vnderstanding. Which doing, you shall relie on good hopes: and with forti­tude ouercome any aduerse accident. But who is better acquainted with these reasons, then your selfe? I will enterprise any thing, whereby I may yeeld you assistance: and I will pr [...]serue in memorie the good: which you wrought for me in the vnfortunate time of my banishment. Farewell.

Cicero, to Cneius Plancius. Epist. 14.

I Receiued from you two letters, deli­uered in Corcyra: in one of which [Page 189] you did c [...]ngratulate with me, for ha­uing vnderstood, that I still retained my [...]ormer dignitie. In the other you wished mee happie successe of the new marriage. And I affirme vnto you, th [...]t I hold my dignitie; if it may bee cal'd dignitie for a man [...]o c [...]rrie that minde towards the Common-wealth, which all honest men ought: but if dignitie consist, in effecting your vpright coun­sels and ends; or at least in defending [...]reely your opinions; there is not so much as the least appearance of digni­tie; and 'tis no sm [...]ll matter, if we may gouerne our selues [...]o, that with pati­ence we may wade through the torrent of euils, which partly threaten, and partlie lie vpon vs; which is very diffi­cult in so miserable a war, whose ends threaten slaughter on the one side, and seruitude on the other. A midst which d [...]ungers I am much comforted, when I call to minde, that I fores [...]we these dread [...]ull calamities, euer since the time, that I feared not onely the victory of our enemies, but our owne also. For I saw, but too pl [...]inely, how daun­gerous that contestation would be, which propounded to it selfe, the Ro­man Empire for a reward. And admit they had vanquished, to whom through hope of peace, and no desire of warre I was lin [...]ed; yet I well vnderstood, how bloudie the victorie of enraged, [Page 190] ambit [...]ous, and insolent men would be: but if they had lost the day: how many great men, and e [...]cellent Cittizens would haue lost their liues. Who, when I lab [...]ured for peace, and laid open to them the miseries, which ciuil [...]warres produce, they supposed, that my ex­hortations proceeded rather from [...]ea [...]e then prudence. Whereas you reioyce for my new marriage, I know assured­ly, that you affect my repose & quiet: but I had neuer taken any new course, in these so lamentable times, but that, at my returne I found mine owne e­state, in as bad termes as the Com­mon-wealth: For I was not secure vn­der mine owne roofe: my whole house was full of entrappings and snares; I found gins laid euery where for me, e­uen by those, who for my singular be­nefits, should rather haue had a tender care, of my goods, and safetie. Where­upon I thought, by the trust of a new affinitie, to secure my selfe, from the perfidious practises of the olde: But e­nough hath beene said, concerning our affaires, and more peraduenture, then was requisite. As for yours, take a good heart, and feare no particular contra­rietie: For ouercome who will, I see not how you runne into any great dan­ger: Caesar, hauing alreadie as far I can conceiue, asswaged his anger towardes you; and the Pompeians hauing neuer [Page 191] hated you. Caesar I know, h [...]th receiued you into grace, and Pomp [...]ius neuer wi­shed you [...]ll. For mine owne part, I pro­mise you, that wherein soeuer I may doe you good, although [...]t this present, I see, I can pleasure you but little; yet will I striue, with endeuours and [...]oun­sell, or at least, wi [...]h heartie affection and loue, to procure your profit, ho­nour, and safet [...] I beseech you, aduer­tise me, of what soeuer you doe, or in­tend to doe, with expedition. Fare­well.

Cicero to Cneius Plancius. Epist. 15.

I Receiued from you a very briefe let­ter, wherein I was not certified of that, that I desired to know: and haue vnderstood that, which before I knew very well. For I was not informed, how constantly you support, the common miseries; I plainly discern'd, how much you lou'd me: but this I knew before; if the other had beene knowne vnto me, I had beene furnished with matter to write of: But though heretofore by let­ter I exprest my mind vnto you; yet at this present likewise, I thought good to admonish you, that you would not thinke your selfe, to be at any worse [Page 192] poi [...]t [...]hen others. We are all in great danger, but the perill is common. Thi [...] disaster is vniuersall: you must not therefore shake it off, [...]or request, that, that be done for your selfe alone, which is denied all others. Let vs therfore still betweene vs retaine that minde, which we eu [...]r m [...]intain'd among our selues: whereof, I hope well on your behalfe; and for mine owne, I'le war­ [...]ant you Fare­well.

Quintus Met [...]llus Celer, sonne of Quintus, Vice-consull, to Cicero. Epist. 1.

IF you be in health, I am very [...]lad [...] I s [...]ould n [...]uer h [...]u [...] [...]hought, that you [...]ad so lit [...]le est [...]med our mutua [...]l loue, and th [...] amit [...] [...]e [...]weene vs renued, that for a word only, you would s [...]eke the ruine of my brothe [...] M [...]ellu [...]; to whom some respect was du [...], if not fo [...] his owne sake, yet at least [...]or [...]he nobilitie of our [Page 194] familie, & [...]or the singular loue I beare, both to you, and the Common wealth. But now I both see him to be b [...]set with enemies; and small accompt to be made of my selfe, by him that had good reason to esteeme me. So that I, who haue charge of the Prouince, and Ar­mie; I that am armed for your d [...]fence, am extreamely distrac [...]ed. And because you haue neither borne you as [...]quitie, nor as the clemencie of our predeces­sors required you; no maruaile thou [...]h hereafter you r [...]pent you. I did not be­leeue, you could haue car [...]ied so muta­ble a minde, towards me, and mine: And yet your iniuries cannot be of so great efficacie, as to separate me from the Common-wealth. Farewell.

Cicero, to Quintus Metellus Ce­ler; son to Quintus, Vice-Consull. Ep. 2.

IF you and the Armie bee safe, and in health: I am glad. You write vnto me, that for the mutuall loue, and late amity renewed betweene vs, you could neuer haue beleeued, that I should haue held you in so base an esteeme: by which words I know not, wha [...] you would infer: But I imagine, that it [Page 195] m [...]ght be reported vnto you, how I ar­gu [...]ng in the Senate, vsed this speech; That many were greeued, because I had pres [...]rued the Common-wealth: and that your neere [...]t kinsmen, whom you could not well denie, wrought you [...]o farre, that you should not vrge my commenda [...]ion in the Senate, as be­f [...]re you were resolued. In saying of which, I further added, that the office of preseruing the Common-wealth, was equ [...]lly diuided betwixt vs. For, I had defended Rome [...]rom domesticall practices, & from the treason of corrupt Citizens, and you, Italy, from the ar­med enemy, and priuie conspiracies: and that this our society, in so great & honourable an enterprize, was broken off, by your kindred: who tooke i [...] ill, that I, who had wonder [...]ully approu'd of you, in matters of so great impor­tance, should be i [...] any par [...] by you re­compenced. And declaring in [...]his dis [...]course, with what ioy I [...]tt [...]nd [...]d your praise, and approb [...]t [...]on; and how f [...]u­strate I rema [...]n'd o [...] that hop [...]; the Se­nators tooke con [...]entm [...]nt her [...]in, and began to smile; not [...]or [...]hat I [...]pak [...] of you, but because my expectat [...]on prou'd v [...]ine and [...]ru [...]tl [...]s [...]e: and be [...]ause openly, and sincerely, I reueal'd the de­sire I had, [...]o bee commended by you. I [...] cannot therefore in this be sayd, that I haue not honoured you, manifesting [Page 196] what contentment I should take, to heare your testimonie, adde greater grace to my renowned actions. Wher­as you speake of mutuall loue, I know not how you vnderstand loue [...] but I suppose, that then it is tru [...]ly mu­tuall, when the one, and the other p [...]rty loues, with equall and ans [...]erable affe­ction. If I should haue sayd, th [...] to doe you a fauour, I reno [...]n [...] my Prouince; you would rather h [...]u [...] thought mee vaine herein, then other­wi [...]e. For the renunciation was made, to giue my selfe satisfact [...]on, and euery day I am b [...]tt [...]r pleas [...]d therewith, then other. It is true, that in giuing it vp, I sought to haue it committed to you. I will no [...] men [...]ion the offices I did you, bef [...]re you were drawne by lot: on [...]ly, be as [...]ured of thus much, that my Col­league did nothing in it, wi [...]hout my priuitie. Remember you the rest: with what expedition, so soone as your lot was drawne, I as [...]embled the Sena [...]e on the selfe same day; how aboundantly I spake in your comm [...]ndation. Did [...]ot you once tell mee your selfe, that I did not onely commend you, but ex­alted your praise, with th [...] scorne and contempt of your Competitors? Be­sides, the decree, which past vp [...]n such an election that day from the S [...]na [...]e, will testifie my true loue towards you, so long as 'tis extant. And after you [Page 197] wen [...] into the P [...]ouince, I desire you would call to minde the fauours, that I did you, both in the Senate, and with the people; as also the letters I wrote vnto you. And when you haue colle­cted all these things, consider I pray you, whether at your last returne to Rome, you requited so many good offi­ces. Whereas you mention our renu­ed amity, I know not herein your mea­ning, because you terme that renued, which neuer was altr [...]d. Whereas you write, that I haue done ill, hauing by one onely word, procured your bro­thers ruine; First, be assured, that I like wondrous well, this your zeale, and good will, accompanied with such vi­s [...]rall loue and affection to your bro­ther: And then, if in any thing, for the respect of the Common-wealth, I haue beene opposite to your brother; I re­quest you to p [...]rdon me; For, no man can loue the Common-wealth, bet­ter then my selfe: but if I defended my reputation, from his violent passion towards mee; i [...] may suffice you, that I neuer complained to you, of the iniury hee did m [...]e: who, be­cause I knew, that he prepared, and di­sposed the whole power of his Tribune­ship to my destruction: I besought Claudia your wife, and Mucia your si­ster, whose good opinion towards me, I discouered in many things, for the [Page 198] amities sake betwixt me and Pompeius, that they would diuert him from so wicked a determination. But hee, not­withstanding I had been Consul, & had preserued the Commonwealth, did me such an iniury, as was neuer offred to a­ny Magistrate, of what mean rank soe­uer; nor to the worst Citizen. For, at the last of December, as peraduenture you haue heard, he prohibited me, in the re­signation of my Consulship, to giue ac­count vnto the people of my procee­dings: which iniurie notwithstanding, at last redounded to my great honour. For, hee permitting me no further inti­mation, then mine oath; I swore aloud, and the people with a loud voyce, and to my great glory, swore likewise, that mine oath was most true. Hauing re­ceiued this grosse disgrace; yet the same day, I sent to Metellus, those that were friends to vs both; requesting him to remoue that resolution, he had vndertaken against me; To whom he made answer, That it was not in his power: because, speaking to the peo­ple, he had formerly implyed, that there was no reason, that he should haue au­thoritie giuen him to speake, who would not grant the same to others, but had punished them, without permitting them lawfull plea. Oh, what a graue Gentle-man, and braue Citizen was this! who, though I had deliuered the [Page 199] Senate from death, Rome from combu­stion, and Italy from war, thought mee worthy of that punishment, which the Senate, out of the consent of all good men, had inflicted vpon them, who meant to set Rome on fire; hew the Ma­gistrates & Senators in peeces; and to haue rais'd vp, a most bloudy or cruell war. Vpon this, I oppos'd my selfe to your brother, who was present. For, the first of Ianuary, I so buckeld with him in the occasions of the Common-wealth, as hee might perceiue, I wan­ted neither courage, nor constan­cie. And afterwards on the third of the same moneth, hee hauing conuocated the people, in the beginning of his O­ration, he went about to depraue mee, naming, and threatning me euery third word, with full resolution, vtterly to sinke mee; not by way of Iustice, or e­quitie, but by bitter violence, and passi­onate outrage. Whose temeritie, if I had not stou [...]ly withstood; who would not haue thought, that in my Consul­ship, I shewed resolution, rather out of the benefit of my Fortunes, then either for vertue, or fortitude of mind: If you neu [...]r perceiu'd how ill Metellus stood affected to mee; this may bee an eui­dent signe, that he little esteemes you; neuer writing vnto you, of a matter of so great importāce. But if he did impart his minde vnto you, you sho [...]ld thinke [Page 200] me very milde, and tractable, in that I neuer complain'd therof to you, though I had all the reasons [in the world] to doe it. For, not onely in words, as yo [...] write, but with all man­ner of iniuries, he labour'd to persecute me. Now, obserue my humanitie, if it may be termed humanitie, when a man does not onely suppresse the choler of his mind [...] but further humbleth himself, to his enemie. I, though your brother had shamefully iniuried me, yet neuer shew'd my [...]elfe to him, otherwise then fauorable. And, whensoeuer his name came in question in the Senate; I al­waies ioyn'd with them in opinion, that proceeded mildly with him. Neither content with this; although hee were mine enemie: yet in that hee was your brother. it did not onely displease mee, but further, I wrought by al my means, and power, that the decree enacted a­gainst him, might be cancell'd. So, as I oppos'd not your brother; but I haue resisted your brother, neither was I towards you, mutable, as you write; but so constant, that I haue perseuer'd in louing you, though you gaue me oc­casion to the contrarie. As also at this present, though you write to mee after a threatning manner, yet will I not complaine. Because I doe not onely pardon, but highly commend your passion [...] naturall affection intimating [Page 201] in this, of what force brotherly loue is. But yet I entreat you, that you will also truely waigh my passion; allowing, that if your friends did bitterly, and with cruelty, persecute me without cause; I ought in this case, nor onely, not to giue them place, but make my repai [...]e to you for aid; and make vse of the power, as well of your selfe, as of the whole Armie, vnder you. I euer desir'd to haue you my friend, as likewise, I haue omitted no endeauour, whereby it might appeare, that I was not your friend onely, but your most louing friend. My heart is now, that which it euer was, and so shall continue, so long as you please: and if the hatred that I deferuedly beare to your bro [...]her, can any whit extenuate the loue be [...]wixt vs; I will hereafter forb [...]are to hate him, l [...]ast it be an occasion, that I bee no [...] beloued. Farewell.

Quintus Met [...]llus Nepos, to Cicero. Epist. 3.

YOur mani [...]old courtesies worke so with mee, that I giue no credit to tho [...]e di [...]honest repo [...]ts, which this im­por [...]a [...]e [...] sends vnto me. Neither [...] I [...] account of such like [...], by [...] their leuity: and [Page 202] freelie taking your selfe in his stead, I accept you for my brother: imagining that he is no more liuing amongst men: Though twice I haue sau'd him, whe­ther hee would or no. Touching my selfe, and the things I haue effected, I will write thereof at large to Lollius, not to be burdensome vnto you, with so many letters. You shall know my minde by him, about the state of this Prouince: Let mee intreate you, if it bee possible to continue the same loue, towards me, that you alwaies bare me. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Metellus Nepos Consul. Epist. 4.

THE letters of Quintus my brother, & of Titus P [...]mponius, my inward friend, so rais'd my hopes, as I expected aide, no lesse from you, then from your Colleague: Whereupon I wrote vnto you, conformable to the state wherein I stood, giuing you thankes for what you had he [...]etofore done, and request­ing you, heereafter neuer to faile mee. After this, my friends not onely wrote vnto me, but many that came hither, reported it by word of mouth, that your affection towards me was alter'd which was the cause, I would presume [Page 203] no mo [...]e to write, because I would not bee irkesome, nor troublesome vnto you. Now, my brother Quintus ad­uertising mee, how exceeding kindelie you spake of mee in the Senate, I thought it but my dutie, and most re­quisite, to thanke you againe for the loue, which still you manifest vnto me. But if I shall not wrong your curtesie, I would intreate you, that you would pre­serue your friends, and me also, rather then by their arrogancie, and crueltie, to oppose mee: you haue ouercome your selfe, in pardoning the Common­wealth your priuate enmities, and will you foster other mens [rancors] a­gainst her? I giue you my faithfull pro­mise, that if out of your clemencie you lend me your aide, in all occasions I will rest at your command: but if you permit the Senate, people, and Magi­stra [...]es to be crosse, in reuoking me out of this vnworthie banishment, wherein I was driuen, by wicked violence, not onelie to my owne, but to the ruine of the Commonwealth: remember, that you may heereafter desire to suc [...]our vs both at such a time, when no means is left, eithe [...] for her escape, or my safe­tie. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Antonius, sonne to Marcus Imperator. Ep. 5.

THough I resolu'd not to write any thing vnto you, but by way of recommending some Friend; not be­cause I knew my commendations would take any great place with you, but that they who entreated me, might perceiue, that our [...]riendship was no whit impaired; yet when Titus Pompo­nius was comming towards you, who better knowes then any other, what I haue desired, and effected in your behalfe; and doth besides long to grati­fie you; and bear [...]s me singular affecti­on: I thought good to write vnto you; especially not being able to satisfie Pomponius in any other wise. If I should say, that you were much bound vnto mee, I should not lie; hauing euer pro­cured your benefit, honor, and reputa­tion; whereas your selfe can t [...]uely testifie, that you neuer did mee any fa­uour: rather you haue sometimes sought to hurt mee, for as much as I haue vnderstood from many: For I [...]le not affi [...]me, that my selfe euer found it: not to vse the very same word acciden­tallie, with which they say, you were wont to picke qu [...]rrels wi [...]h mee. But I meane not to w [...]ite that vnto you, [Page 205] which hath be [...]ne reported to me: I'le leaue it [...]or Pomponius to deliuer vnto you; who apprehended the same dis­contentment which I did. The Senate and people of Rome, are witnesses of the notable offices which I haue per­ [...]ormed for your honour: whither you euer recompenst mee in any part, none knowes better then your selfe. How farre you may command me, l [...]t others giue their censure: whatsoeuer I did for your sake, I did it first out of mine owne disposi [...]ion, and then to be repu­ted constant. But now I giue you to vnderstand, that such an occasion pre­pares it selfe, that I must needes with greater zeale doe my endeauour. And I will bend my selfe throughly there­unto, so I finde not my paines, and tra­uell lost; for in this case, you your selfe would hold me for a foole. Pom [...]ponius will informe you wherein my helpe is so importing, the which Pom­ponius, though I am confident, you will doe any thing for his sake, neuerthe­lesse I comm [...]nd him to you: And if any of the loue remaine with you, that heeretofore you bare me, I pray you demonstrate it to me wholly in his per­son; You cannot doe mee a more ac­ceptable office then this. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Sextius, sonne to Lucius Quaestor. Epist. 6.

DEcius the Notarie, came and en­treated me, that at this present I would preuent that any man should be allotted to succeed you. I, [...]lthough I had the best opinion of him, that could bee had of one of his condition: and tooke him [...]or your [...]riend; ye [...], calling to minde what you wrote vnto me, not m [...]ny daies before, I thought it hard to beleeue, that you should haue chan­ged resolution: neither would I [...]tand to his meere word, although I tooke him for a discre [...]te and modest person. But after Cornelia your wife spake with Terentia, and Quintus Corne [...]ius certifi­ed me thereof: I was carefull to bee present in the Senate, as oft as it sate. And concerning your desire, to re­maine still in the Prouince, I had much a doe to make Quintus Fusius, Tribune of [...]he people, and the rest to beleeue it, to whom a little befor [...], as also to mee, you had written the contrarie. The affaires of the Prouinces were d [...] ­f [...]rred till Ianuarie, but notwithstand­ing, at that time, wee hoped [...]o obtaine our purpose. [...]he kinde office you did me, in wri [...]ing, that you desire, my [Page 207] buying of Crassus house, might proue fortunate vnto me: was an occasion, that not long a [...]ter, I bought it for an hundred, and fiue thousand crownes: so that I feele such a burden of debt vp­on my shoulders, that I could wish, to enter into some conspiracie, so they would accept of mee. But the hatred they beare me is so great, as they offer mee repulse, and malice me openly, as the cause of their ruine: besides they are not confident, and are afraid, that I lay some snares for them; not belee­uing, that I can want money, who freed the vsurers, from their violence. In truth, I am reputed for that cause, a sufficient man: and there are som [...], that lend freely for sixe in the hu [...]d [...]ed. I went to see your house, and bu [...]lding, which I thought in euery part verie faire. I haue defended Antonius in the Senate house, with the greatest seruen­cie, and care I could; and by my speech and authoritie I haue much drawne the Senate to fauour him: I would not faile him: though for some offices past, 'tis well knowne, how ill hee hath requited me. I pray you, write o [...]ten to me. Farewell.

Cicero to Cneius Pompeius mag­nus, sonne to Cneius. Ep. 7.

I And all men else, tooke great d [...]light in the letters, which you w [...]ote to the Senate; For you giue so much hope of a secure state, as putting my trust wholly in you, I haue alwaies promised to euery one. But on the contrarie, those your old enemies, who were be­come your new friends, hearing the newes of your victorie, remain'd ama­zed, and astonished; seeing thems [...]lues frustrated of [...]he hope, they had, [...]o come to the glorie of so noble an en­t [...]rprize. The letters you wrote vnto me, though they containe but little de­monstration, of your loue towards me, were neuerthelesse very deare vn­to me. For I neuer reioyce more at any thing, then I doe when I vnderstand, t [...]at I [...]aue discharg'd my dutie [...]: and, if aft [...]rwards any man in [...]ffects bee not answerable, I am glad, that I rest supe­rior in courtesie. I make no doubt, but the Common-wealth will reconcile ioyne, and binde vs together; [...]hough my aff [...]ction towards you, which in many resp [...]cts you m [...]y haue deseru'd, were not sufficient to make mee enioy your loue [...]nd fauour. And bec [...]u [...]e you may know, what I wou [...]d haue h [...]d y [...]u [Page 209] written to me, I will tell i [...] you plainely, both as my nature and our Amitie re­quireth. I haue compassed matters of such qualitie, as I firmely bel [...]eued that you would reioyce with me; being bound thereunto, first, in r [...]spect of your countrie, and then in considera­tion of our friendship. But I imagine you forbare the doing of such an of­fice, for feare of offending some man. Though I assure you, ther's none but commends that, which I af­fected for the sa [...]etie of my countrie. And when you come, you shall vnder­stand, that I bare my selfe therein with so much iudgement, and greatnesse of minde, that you will not esteeme my amitie contemptible; perceiuing by the effects, that as you are far greater, then euer was Scipio Africanus, so I am not in­ferior much to Lelius. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Licinius Cras­sus, sonne to Marcus. Ep. 8.

I Know that all your friends haue writ­ten to you, with what endeuour, and affection, I haue defended, and aug­mented your dignitie. For I haue tra­uail'd in such sort, that they m [...]y very well perceiue, the desire I h [...]u [...] to plea­sure you. I haue so bandied with the [Page 210] Consuls, and many Consular persona­ges, as I neuer was so feruent in plead­ing any thing: and I haue vndertaken to defend your honour, in all occasions, that hence-forward shall pres [...]nt them­selues: to pay what I owe to our aunci­ent amitie; as now I doe, and would haue done before, if a certaine qualitie of the times, being opposite to my de­sire, had not hindred me. And truely I was euer readie in heart, to honour and pleasure you: but it f [...]ls out, that some men, [...]nemies, and enuious of o­thers praise, like a pestilence, infecting and corrupting our friendship, haue procured, that for a time, there passed not betwixt vs, any great effects of loue: and to recouer in part, that time, I might well desire, but n [...]uer hope, [...]or so fit an occasion, as at this present is: Fortune affording me a meanes, not onely to sh [...]w vnto you, my true and constant loue, but to shew it you, in the gr [...]atest height of your felicitie. Wher­in my h [...]p hath beene so fauourable, that not onely your familie, but all Rome discernes, me to be your verie friend. And now, your wife, amongst other matrones the chiefest; and your obedient, and valorous sonnes, are go­uern'd according to my precepts, and instructions; making vse of me in their op [...]ortunities: And the Senate, and people of Rome, see manifestly, that in [Page 211] this your absence, you haue not a friend, that more zealouslie procureth your honour then my selfe. I care not to giue you adue [...]tisement, of such things as haue ensued, and daily fall out, for you [...] friends will write to you thereof. For my selfe, be ass [...]red, that when I vndertooke to honour and ob­serue you, I was mooued thereto out of no suddaine desire, nor accidentallie: but so soone as I entred into businesses, I alwayes had this end, to anneere my selfe as much as I could to your friend­ship. Since which time, I cannot re­member, that I haue not daily more and more, obseru'd, and esteem'd you; and that you neither loued, nor accep­ted of me. And if at some times, no bad effects, but some dislike hath growne betweene vs, this occurring through [...]alse suggestions, and of no moment, I would haue the memoriall of that time, so to be rooted out of our memorie, tha [...] it may neue [...] grow againe. For you are, and I desi [...]e to be such a man, as I hope our inward friendship, shall be praise-worthie in either of vs, both of vs lighting on the selfe same times of the Common-wealth. You may make that ac [...]ompt of me, which best plea­seth you; but yet I thinke you'le value me no lesse, then belongs to my place. Howsoeuer, I promise, and make offer of my selfe, in so much as I shall be able [Page 212] to effect any thing for your benefit. And though in this, I should haue ma­ny competitors, neuerthelesse I'le giue that triall of my selfe, as they shall all remaine vanquished; offering to stand to any mans iudgement, especially of Marcus, and Publius your sonnes: the which, though they be both, deare to me, yet I am somewhat more affected to Publius; because not on [...]ly at this present, but [...]uen from his childhood, he hath alwayes lou'd and reuerenced me as a Father. Suppose these l [...]tters to be in stead of a league, not of an Epi­stle: and be secure, that I will most re­ligiously obserue, and performe, what­soeuer now I promise you: And I will euer discharge the same office that I perform'd in your absence, in defence of your digniti [...]; first because I am your friend, and then, because I would not appeare variable or inconstant. I will not therefore be longer. Onely I af­firme vnto you, that whensoeuer of my sel [...]e I finde I haue abilitie to doe any thing, which may procure you satisfa­ction, ben [...]fit, or reputation, I will of mine owne accord doe it. And in what I cannot find [...] out, if I but vnde [...]stand it from you, or yours, I will so worke, that [...]ou s [...]all rest contented, in hauing mo [...]ed me. I beseech you therefore im­ploy me in any occasion of yours, how little or great, or indifferent so [...]uer it [Page 213] [...] write to your fri [...]nds, that they [...] my e [...]deuour, aduise, autho­ri [...]ie, and [...]uour, i [...] publique or p [...]uate occ [...]s [...]on [...], eith [...]r iudiciall, or domesti­call: [...]f your owne, or of your fri [...]nds; to the end that my care [...] may diminish as faire as is pos [...]ible, their d [...]sire of your owne presence. Farew [...]ll.

Publius Vati [...]ius Imperator, to his friend Cicero. Ep. 9.

IF you be in health, I am pleas [...]d, my selfe am in health. If you t [...]e vpon you m [...]ns defence, as your custome was: Pub [...]ius V [...]inius, hauing n [...]ed o [...] defence, ha [...]h recourse to your protecti­on. I hope that you will n [...]t refuse me in matters, wherin my honor is touch't, hauing accepted of me in those which lesse imported. And whom should I ra­ther choose or call vnto in my de [...]nce, then him vnder whose protectiō, I haue beene accustomed to [...]uercome? should I peraduenture fe [...]re, that you, who for my saf [...]ty expos'd your selfe agai [...]st [...]he violence of mightie persons, are not now able to ressi [...]t, the bad and wicked practises of some, who are as vo [...]d [...] of force, as fraught wi [...] [...]? where­fore, if you loue me, as y [...]u were wont; [Page 214] embra [...]e me, and prepare your selfe, to defend my reputation against such as these. You know that my fortune, [...] can­not tell [...]ell [...] manner, easily findes adue [...]saries, not vpon my dem [...]rit: but what auailes that, if i [...] happen by my vnluckie fortune? I pray you, if any man would wrong my reputation, forget not your old custome, and make manifest vnto me your court [...]ous disposition, as euer you haue done, since first I came into this gouernment. I send vnto you a coppie of the letter, which I sent vnto the Senate, by way of aduertisement, of things by me atchieued. 'Tis told me, that a seruant of yours, is run from you, and that now, he is amongst the Vardaei, whereof you wrote nothing to me; notwithstanding I haue commaunded him to be searcht for, by sea and land; and I'le finde him you out howsoeuer, except he be fled into Dalmatia: from whence I'le fetch him too, at last. Loue me and Farewell. In the Campe at Narona, this xiij. of Iulie.

Publius Vatinius Imp [...]rator, to his friend Cicero. Ep. 10.

FOr [...]our Dionisius, though I haue sought much, yet hithe [...]to can I not finde the trace of him; and the lesse, be­cause [Page 215] the cold hath here also in such sort increased, that it hath driuen me out of Dalmati [...]: neuerthelesse, I will so vse the matter, that I will get him at length. I peruse [...], what you wrote vnto me a­bout C [...]t [...]lius, Out alas! what is that you d [...]mand of me? how happens it, that you alway [...]s seeke impossibilities at my h [...]nd? I would I could doe euery th [...]ng [...]or you; and our f [...]end, [...]extus Ser [...]ilius; but I [...]ust tell you [...]eely, that I wonder much, that you defend such men, and accept of such like causes. This Catilius is the bloudiest fellow that liues: how many Gentlemen, how many honest matrones, how many Ci­tizens of Rome, hath he slaine, and made slaues? how many Countries hath he destroyed? This b [...]utish creature, a man of no esteeme, was so presumptuous, as to contend wi [...]h me, and I tooke him in warre: I could wish, to pardon him for your sake, but how shall I answer them, that cry out, and complaine, that he hath taken away their goods, rifled their ships, and murdered their bro­thers, child [...]en, and progenitors. W [...]re I as brasen fac'd as Appius, in whose place I was subst [...]uted, I could doe no lesse then punish him: yet I'le do what I can, to content you. Quintus V [...]lusius your disciple, de [...]ends h [...]m: if he can peraduenture, satisfie his aduersaries; I would, perhaps, release him. I pray, [Page 216] affoord me all your helpe, wherein you see me to stand in ne [...]d [...] doth me great wrong, in not moouing the Se­nate, that I may be graun [...]ed my sute, for the ha [...]pie successe the gods gaue me in this warre of Dalmatia: as if I had not performed matters worthie of tri­umph, much more of obtaining a sute: If he stay while I haue ended the whole warre, I shall be worse entreated then others, who haue serued in the warres for [...]he Common-wealth. There re­maines yet, twentie old townes of Dal­matia, which haue vnited themselues, with aboue threescore.

AFter my sutes were commenced, I went into Dalmatia. Six townes I haue taken by force: and there is this alone remaining, which is very great, taken heretofore by me foure times: For I haue taken, foure towers, foure wals, and all the Castle. From which, the snow, raine, and cold haue driuen me: and through my euill hap, I was enforced to leaue the foresaid towne, the warre b [...]ing finished. Whereupon I pray you, if need be, to fauou [...] me with Caesar, and to defend me in what shall be requisite; with co [...]stant opini­on, that you haue not a be [...]ter friend then my [...]lfe. Farewell. The f [...]r of September, from Narona.

Cicero to Publius Vatinius. Epist. 11.

I Wonder not, though you accept so well of mine offices, hauing euer knowne you amongst others, for a most thankfull man: and I neuer for­bare to publish it. For I haue not onely receiued thankes from you; but haue beene also plentifully requited. Wher­upon in all your other occasions, you shall finde mee ready to pleasure you. Wheras you commend vnto me, Pom­peia, your wife, a most noble Gentle­woman: hauing perused your letters, I presently spake with our friend, Sura, to tell her in my behalfe, that she should make me acquainted, what shee stood in need of; for I would willingly plea­sure her. And I promise you to doe it, and if it be needfull, I'le goe in person to visit her. Neuerthelesse, I would that you should write vnto her, that she will esteeme nothing so great, or so tri­fling, that I shall thinke either too diffi­cult, or vnbeseeming me. Whatsoeuer I can doe for you, will seeme easie, and conformable to my dignitie. If you wish mee well, procure that Dionysius may returne. Whatsoeuer you promise him, I'le performe: but if he will needs be a knaue, you shall lead him prisoner [Page 218] in triumph. I beshrew these Dalmatians, that put you to so much trouble. But, as you write, in short time you will bring them in, and they will illustrate your victories. For they were euer reputed warlike. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, son to Quintus. Epist. 12.

I Determine freely, to open my minde vnto you by letters, which doe not blush; seeing in presence I neuer durst doe it, through a certaine modes [...]y, I cannot say, but rather a rudenesse. I haue a wonderfull desire, and except I be deceiued, very commendable; tha [...] you would be pleased to celebrate my name, with the publication of your compositions: the which, though ma­ny times you told me, you would doe; yet I would haue you pardon mee, though I solicite you thereunto: For the [...]orme of your writing, which I euer thought would bee excellent, goes be­yond my expectation, and hath so won mee, that I am surprized with an excee­ding desire, that my acts atchieud, may be written with your pen. Because I doe no [...] onely hope, that death it selfe shall not [...]xtinguish the memoriall of my [Page 219] name; but further, in life I desire to enioy that reputation, which may ac­crew vnto me by your testimony; and to taste that sweetnesse, which I shall finde, seeing my selfe to be praised, and beloued, by one of your qualitie. And though I know how much you are em­ployed: neuerthelesse, in that I see, you haue now finished the historie of the Italian, and ciuill warre: and you told me you pro [...]ected the rest; I would not omit for mine own sake, to admonish you, that you would bethink your selfe, whether you would connex our pro­ceedings with others; or else to doe, as many Graecians haue done, Calistines the Troian war; Timaeus that of Pyrrhus; and Polybius the warre of Numantia: all which, diuided the foresaid wars; so you also might separate the ciuill con­spiracie, from the wars externall. I see not certainely, that it greatly imports my commendation; yet respecting my great desire, surely it imports, that you doe not obserue the order of times, but that you rather anticipate, & first make mention of my actions. And withall, if you employ your wit vpon one sub­iect onely, and about one person; me thinkes I foresee, how much more co­pious and more adorned, the discourse wil proue in euery part. Neither am I so barren of vnderstanding, but that I per­ceiue, how impudent I am; First, in im­posing [Page 220] vpon you such a burden (which, in respect of your imployments, you might well refuse:) and then, to impor­tune you, that you would commend me; in that you may thinke peraduen­ture I deserue it not. But hauing once begun to exceed the bounds of mode­stie, wee must absolutely laie aside all bashfulnesse. And therefore I request you earnestly, to set forth mine actions, and that with greater lustre, then per­aduenture, you iudge to stand with their merit: and that you will not tye your selfe to the lawes of Historie, but to the desert of our friendship: which, I desire, should preuaile further with you in this; then truth. And because heretofore, you wrote, in a certaine Proeme, and indeed ingeniously, that euen as that Hercules in Xeno­phon, would not be mou'd a whit at the allurement of pleasures: so no respect of amitie should stir you. Now, [...]or my contentment, I would haue you alter your minde, and in regard of our loue, that you would applie your selfe, to sa­tisfie me in this request. And if (as I d [...]sire) you resolue to collect a memo­riall of my proceedings, and to com­prehend them distinc [...]ly in one volume: it would bee a subiect, in my opinion, verie worthie of your eloquence. For, beginning from that time, that the con­spiracie gr [...]w, and prosequuting euen to [Page 221] that [instant] when I return'd from ba­nishment; you shall meet with so many accidents worthy of historie, as compi­ling them all together, you wil make vp a reasonable volume. And in this, you may make vse of the knowledge you haue, of the ciuill alterations, relating partly, the originall of discords, partly shewing the remedies against future mischeefes: discommending withall, things blame-worthy, and praising the cōmendable, with such reasons, as you iudge fittest. And if you would follow your wonted custom of speaking freely; you may note, many mens perfidious proceedings, plots, & trecheries against me. Withall, my disasters will minister vnto you great variety in writing, cary­ing such a kind of contentment, as will inuite mē to read forward. For, nothing is more apt to delight the Readers, then the variety of times, & seuerall mutati­ons of Fortune. The which, though in their triall, we found them troublesom, yet are we not sorry, to see them writ­ten. For, the secure remembrance of troubles past, bringeth contentment & others, that neuer sustain'd any greefe of their owne, reading the molestati­ons of other men, without agreeuance, they feele a kind of compassion, which replenisheth the minde, with accepta­ble delight. Which of vs feeles not, both contentment, and compassion, [Page 222] when he reads the death of that Epami­nondas, who was slaine before Manti­nea? where hee commanded, that the weapon which wounded him to death, should then bee taken out of his bodie, when hee heard, that his shield was in safe keeping: and hauing heard thus much, contemning the extreme paine of his wound, in full contentment, he finished his daies, with a noble death. Which of vs reads not, with admirable a [...]tention, the flight, and returne o [...] Themistocles? 'Tis true, that a continued historie seemes much to delight; be­cause it orderly representeth the suc­cesse of things past [...] but a distinct Nar­ration, wherein men may obserue, the variable and doubtfull accidents, of some excellent man, carries with it, both wonder, and expectation; ioy, & sorrow; hope, and feare: and, if the end be remarkable, in reading it, wee attaine to the height of contentment. Wherefore, it will please me the better, if you resolue to distinguish this tale (as I may terme it) of our affaires, and successes, from the continued course o [...] your writings: which containes in it, diuers enterprizes, and many effects, both of counsels, and of the times. Nei­ther will I beleeue, that it should breed any suspition in you, that I goe about to creepe into you, by way of flattery; though I shew so ardent a desire, to bee [Page 223] by you celebrated. For, you are not a man, that's ignorant of your selfe. And who reputes them not rather enuious, which admire you not, then those flat­terers, that doe praise you? Neither am I so foolish, to bee celebrated and eter­nized by one, who by celebrating mee, may not also himselfe purchase a parti­cular renowne for his wit, and learning. That so famous a Captaine, Alexander, would onely be drawne by Apelles, and grauen by Lysippus: and hee did it not, bec [...]use he would win their loue, by the Art of assentation; but because hee saw, that Apelles picture, and the sculp­ture of Lysippus, would make their names renowned, and bring to hi [...] ­selfe also, no small reputat [...]on. Although th [...]se Artificers, by th [...]r mysterie, repr [...]sent nothing, but the forme of the bodie, shewing vs their corporeall image, whom we neuer saw: but who­soeuer is celebrated for laudable acti­ons, without helpe of images, he liues of himselfe, and shall liue for euer in the memorie of men. And we se [...] that Spartan Agesilaus hath no lesse fame, who neuer would bee either drawne, or grauen; then they, that were very carefull herein: For, one little Pamphlet onely of Xenophons, written in com­mendation of that King, hath far sur­mounted all the pictures, and statues, that euer were. And the contentment [Page 224] of my minde, and the reputation of my name will be the greater, if I bee men­tioned in your writings, rather then of any other. Because I shall not onely he [...]ein haue your wit fauourable to me, as Tim [...]leon had that of Timaeus, and Themistocles, that of Herodotus; but fur­ther, the authoritie of so honourable a person, and so well knowne in the im­portant seruices of the Common-wealth. So, as it will see me, that I haue not onely found that shrill trumpet, which Alexander, when he came to Si­gaeum, said that Homer resounded in ho­nour of Achilles; but withall, the seri­ous testimonie of a great, and reputed m [...]n I like that Hector well, whom N [...]uim b [...]ings in, who reioyced not so much, for that he was praised, but hee addes, by a praise worthie man. And, if I obtaine not this fauour from you; that is, if by reason of any businesse of your owne, you shall not haue time herein to content me, (for, in matters possible, I suppose, you would grant my request) I shall peraduenture bee vrged to doe that, which many are wont to reprehend: for I will write of my selfe, after the example, notwithstanding, of many famous men. But you know, that in this part, many respects must be con­sidered. They must write sparingly of themsel [...]es, if they haue done any thing worthy of praise, & omit those things, [Page 225] which de [...]erue blame. Whereunto wee may adde, that the writings pur­chase neither credit, nor authori­tie; and finallie diuers discommend this manner of writing, saying, that in Greece, the proclaimers of the Gyminician games, vsed greater modestie: who though they haue set the crownes on the heads, of the other Conquerors, and with a loude voice, publis [...]ed their names; yet when them­selues before the games be ended, are crowned, they cause another to come to diuulge them: because they will not publish their owne victories. I desire to auoide this taxation, and will shunne it, if you grant me my request; and I entreate you heerein to satisfie me. And to the end, you may not wonder, why I vse such earnest and long suite, or en­treatie to you for it, y [...]u hauing o [...]ten informed me, that with all diligence, you would compound a worke of my actions: I tell you, as I did in the be­ginning, that I heerein sollicite you, for no other respect, but because, I would by all meanes, that other men should know mee by your bookes be­fore I die; and that w [...]ile I liue, I m [...]y enioy the fruite of my glorie. If con­ueniently you can, I should bee glad, you would returne me an answer. And if you determine, to take in hand this task [...], I will make an abstract, of mine [Page 226] owne proceedings. But if you put mee off till another time, I will not doe it, but reserue my selfe, while I speake with you thereof. Prosequute in the meane while, the historie you haue begunne, and perseuer in louing me. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, sonne to Quintus. Epist. 13.

THough the comfort, which your letters bring me, is most accepta­ble, because it demonstrates, sin­cere loue, ioyned with singular pru­dence: neuerthelesse I reaped thereby, a farre greater benefit, hauing discern'd with what fortitude you contemne hu­mane things; how well you are arm'd; and furnished, against the cruell assaults of Fortune. And questionlesse, hee may bee reputed wiser then all others, who is not gouerned; but gouernes Fortune; trusting onlie in himselfe, and of himselfe onely depending. This o­pinion I was euer of; and though it were well setled, and engrauen in my minde: notwithstanding the violence of vnhappie times, and the perpetuall shakings of aduersitie, haue somewhat displa'ct it, & made it almost to be for­gotten. But now by your last letters, [Page 227] I see you haue replanted it; and like­wise, more by those, which to such a purpose you did write vnto mee, not long before. And therefore it is need­full that I speake not once alone, but often, and much [...] and that I assure you, that there is no iewell so precious, which I hold not base, in respect of your letters. And though those rea­sons, which with an artificiall forme, and in great abundance you haue col­lected, are of a wonderfull power to comfort; yet nothing hath more com­forted me, then the constancie, and grauitie of your minde; the which in these your letters, I haue perceiued as in a looking glasse: and so much I prize it, as I am asham'd, I doe not imitate the same. I tell you more, that I hold my selfe more resolute then you, who talkes so much to me of forti [...]ude. For you seeme to haue some hope of better fortune, in that by diuers reasons you seeke to intimate vnto mee, that wee should not esteeme the Common-wealth so weakned, but that shee may rise againe; as we see, that one Fencer ouerthrowne by another, oftentimes recouers; ther [...]ore no maruaile, though you bee resolute, relying vpon some hopes: but yet I wonder, how you should haue any hope remaining. Tell me? What doe you see, which is not altogether wasted, and consumed? [Page 228] Consider all the members of the Com­monwealth, which are well knowne vnto you. Surely you cannot finde one which is not batter'd and broken: which things I would reherse yet fur­ther, if I knew them better then you; or if I could relate them withou [...] griefe: although according to the precepts you set downe, wee should whollie driue a­way, and banish all griefe. Whereup­on I will support priuate discommodi­ties, as you iudge them; and common, with greater [...]ortitude then your selfe, who exhorts mee to suffer them. For, you are eased by some hope, as you write; bu [...] mine is the greater con­stancie, being supported by no hope at all And as you friendly aduise and put mee in minde, I will comfort my selfe, with thinking how much I euer loued the Common-wealth, and by reducing those times to memorie, In which I to­gether with your selfe, so greatly assist­ed her; I hauing done fo [...] my countri [...], no lesse questionles, then what I ought to doe: certainelie more, then was ex­pected from any mans counsell, or courage whatsoeuer. Pardon me, if a little I commend my selfe. For, spea­king of those things, on which for the ease of my minde you wish me to me­ditate, my griefe is made much lesser. And to obserue you, so fa [...]re as I am able, I will winde my selfe from cares [Page 229] and passions, and I will returne to the studie of the Sciences; which in flou­rishing Fortune are an ornament, and in miserie a comfort; and I will re­maine with you, so long as either of our ages, or health shall permit mee: and if we cannot bee together as wee would, yet the similitude of our studies, will make vs such a connexion of minde, that we shall neuer seeme to be wholly separated. Farewell.

Lucius Lucceius, son of Quintus, to Cicero. Epist. 14.

IF you bee in health, I am glad. I re­maine as I was wont, and also some­what worse then vsually. I haue many times enquired of you, desirous to see you; and I wondred as still I doe, how you can be so long out of Rome. I know not vndoubtedlie the cause, that de­taines you so farre from vs. If you loue solitarinesse, for the better commodi­tie of writing, as you were wont to do; I am glad, and reprehend not your course; knowing that there can bee no greater delight; not onely in these mi­serable, and vnhappie; but also in pea­ceable, and quiet times; and especiallie to your minde: which being now wea­rie, [Page 230] affects repose, after so manie agita­tions: and being replenished with Sci­ence, sends abroad dailie, some goodlie fruite, which pleaseth others, and aug­ments your owne glorie. But if you haue giuen ouer your selfe in praie, as when you were heere, to sorrow and teares: I am sorrie for your griefe, and for your affliction. And if you'le giue me leaue to tell you my opinion, I can­not but reprehend you. Alas! what meanes this? will you alone, not dis­cerne, manifest, and apparant things, who with the pregnancie of your wit, can discouer the most hidden? will not you vnderstand, that continuall lamen­ta [...]ion helpes nothing? will not you remember, that calamities are rather redoubled, which your wisdom would haue you to expell out of your minde? But if by waie of exhortation I can worke nothing with you, I request you by the loue you beare me, to free your selfe from these molestations, and re­turne to liue with vs, and to our com­mon studies, or else to your owne, for you studie more then others. I am distracted with two contrarie things: I would not be burdensome to you, wi [...]h these my admonishments: and I would perswade you to giue ouer, the resolu­tion you haue vndertaken. I beseech you, either in the one to follow my di­rections, or in the other not to trouble your selfe. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, sonne to Quintus. Epist. 15.

THE absolute loue you beare mee, appeares in euerie part of the let­ters which I last receiued from you. Of which loue though I was most assured before now; yet this demonstration was beyond measure acceptable to me; I would saie pleasing, but that I thinke I haue lost this word for euer: and not for the occasion you imagine, and in which, vsing most sweet and friendlie words, in effect, you grieuouslie repre­hend me; but because for that deepe wound I cannot finde that cure, which may heale it. Alas! I praie tell mee? can I runne vnto my Friends? Where are they? you know of whom I speake; for wee haue found them common to vs both. Others, you know are dead; and others obdurate in their wil, neuer to come to Rome, liue in a remote coun­trie. I could willingly liue with you, and exceedinglie desire it: and, 'tis long since we knew, and lou'd one a­nother. Our familiaritie is great: our studies alike: what band, or obligation is wanting to vnite vs? may wee then liue together? for my part, I know no impediment; but hitherto, wee haue not so done, though we be neighbours [Page 232] about Tusculanum, and Puteoli: what should I say in Rome? Where the Forum being common, neighbourhood li [...]tle importeth. But our age, I know not through what wicked accident, is light vpon times of such disposition, that when we should taste of all content­ment, wee are asham'd euen to liue. For what refuge had I left, being stript of all publike, and priuate good, together with all comfort? onely books: where­in, because I can doe nothing else, I ex­ercise my sel [...]e continuallie: but 'tis a great matter, that they also denie mee their help, and me thinkes they exclude, me out of the Port of repose, and they reprehend me bitterlie [...] because I still remaine in this life. Which is no other then these present miseries, greater then euer were any. And do you won­der then, that I liue remote from that Cittie, where I finde no contentment from mine owne house? and where it is necess [...]rie to beare a great hatred to the times, to men, to publike places; of meeting, and to the Senate? Where­vpon I entertaine my selfe with r [...]a­ding, and spend therein all my time; not to finde any medicine, that might absolutely cure me; but to beguile onely that griefe, which lies heauie vp­on me. And if we had had this aduer­tisment, as we had it not [...] thorough the continuall feares, that held vs in su­spence: [Page 233] We had been alwaies together; neither should your vnhealthfulnesse grieue me, nor should my heart sorrow offend you. And therfore let's vse all the meanes wee can, to liue together; seeing we cānot deuise any course, that will sort better with vs. Within these few daies therefore, I will see you. Farewell.

Cicero to Ti [...]iu [...]. Epist. 16.

THough no man is lesse able to com­fort you, then my selfe; hau [...]ng [...]aken your troubles so to hart, that I my selfe neede consolation. Neuerthe­lesse my griefe being not altogether so implacable as yours: and seeing you in so terrible an agonie: I thought it an office correspondent to our amitie, and to the loue I beare yo [...], no longer to defer writing to you, but to administer you some phisicke, which may at least diminish your griefe, though not abso­lutelie cu [...]e it. And that consolation is ordinarie, and well knowne to euery one, of vvhich vvee ought continually to reason, and debate: that vvee beare in minde, that vve are men borne vnder this lavv, that our life must lie open to all the blowes of Fortune. To which [Page 234] Law, we must not seeke to oppose our selues, in refusing that condition of life, wherein we were borne; rather with patience support those accidents, which humane wisedome cannot preuent: comforting our selues in calling to minde, that nothing happens to vs, that hath not befallen manie others. And though this may yeeld thee cōfort, yet I'le propound a thing to thee, that shall bee of greater force, then this or any o­ther consolations, which haue bin euer practised, or written by the wise [...]t m [...]n. I say therefore that considering the mi­serable e [...]tate of our cittie, and the wic­kednesse of these times, you will per­ceiue, that they are truely happie, who haue had no children: and th [...]y lesse vn­happie, who haue now lost them, then if they had lost them, when the Com­mon-wealth flourished. It's true, that if thy great losse grieueth thee, in re­spect of the damage receiued; I see no course to diuert absolutely your griefe. But if naturall affection moue thee, to lament their miseries, that are dead: not to alledge now, what I haue often read, and heard vpon this argument: that there is no euill in death, after which if the soule liueth, it may ra [...]her be ter­med an immortalitie then a death: and if it die together with the bodie, we must not suppose that there is any mise­rie, because no sense: leauing I say, this [Page 235] part aside, I will onely intimate vnto you one reason, which is very true: That such a danger is approaching to the Common-wealth, that euerie man should be glad to auoid with death. For what receptacle, shall honestie, bounty, vertue, laudable customes, good Arts, and finally libertie it selfe, and safetie, now finde? Questionlesse there is ne­uer a young man or childe, of whose death I haue heard, in this, of all others, most cruell, and pestiferous yeare, which seemes not to me by the gift of the eternall Gods, to haue beene re­leased from these miseries, and from this so bad a condition of life? So that if I could beate into your minde this o­pinion; that they whom you haue lost met with no euill, it would in a great part diminish your afflictions. For so you should come to retaine onely that griefe, which you feele not for their death, but for your owne losse. And surely it befits not the grauitie, and wisdome, which since your childhood, you haue alwaies manifested, to de­spaire for the losse of them, that feele nothing. Remember how you haue liued hitherto, with so great moderati­on of minde, as it is necessarie for you to perseuere in the same constancie. And by wisedome and discourse, we must anticipate that in our selues, that at length time will bring vs: which by [Page 236] the remedie of yeares, healeth euerie greene wound. For if there were neuer so base a woman, which in the losse of children, did not at last cease lamen­ting: surely we are bound to draw that from our prudence, which continuance of daies will bring vs; and not to ex­pect the medicine of time, which rea­son first propounds vnto vs. If these letters take effect, I shall thinke that I haue obtain'd my greatest desire: If they worke nothing at all, yet shall I iudge, that I haue done the office, of that friend, which I haue euer beene, and promise during life to be vnto you. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Sextius. Epist. 17.

I Wrote not heretofore vnto you, not because I was forget [...]ull of our ami­tie, or to breake off my vsuall custome: but because for a time I, together with the Common-wealth, found my selfe oppressed with a grieuous ruine; and besides, your hard, and lamentable ac­cident, so afflicted me, as it ministred occasion to me, of not writing to you. But now, supposing, that I had too long neglected this office; and the me­morie of worth, & greatnesse of mind, [Page 237] wherewith I know you to be endowed, vrging me thereunto: I thought good to breake of silence, with a firme opi­nion, that I shall commit no [...]rror. You know, Publius S [...]xtius, that when you were accused, being far off from Rom [...], I def [...]nded you: and afterwards, the same perill hanging ouer your person, as did ouer Milo, I neglected no ende­uour for your safetie: and last of all, so soone as I was returned, notwithstan­ding your caus [...], was carried o [...]her­wise, then I would haue aduis'd, if I had beene present; yet I fail'd not in affor­ding you any help, that lay in my pow­er. In which time, not onely your ene­mie, but some o [...]hers which pretended to be your friends, taking opportunitie of the dearth, sought to disgrace you with the people: and so f [...]rre they wrought, that ioyning thereunto, the partialitie of Iudges, and the iniquitie of many others, they were of power sufficient, to suppresse the truth, and your iust cause. Afterwards, vpon any occur [...]ents whatsoeuer, I n [...]uer was wanting to your sonne Publius, neither in endeuour, counsell, labour, or in fa­uour, or testimonie. Where [...]ore hauing diligently, and religiously obserued all the offices of friendship, I would not likewise omit, to exhort, and entreat you, that you will remember, that you are a man, and a man of valour: which [Page 238] is; that you will prudently support, this common, and doubtfull accident: com­mon, because none of vs can auoid it; doubtfull, because no man knowes, whether it will be of little, or long con­tinuance. Defend your selfe brauely from griefe, and oppose Fortune; re­uoluing in your minde, that both in our Cittie, and in other Common-wealths, many valiant, and innocent men, haue beene vniustly sent into ba­nishment. Let me also tell you this: and would to God, I might not speake true; That you are depriued of such a Coun­trie, which can procure no contentmēt to a wise man. Concerning your sonne, if I should write nothing, I feare that I might seeme ingratefull towards his vertue: but if I should tell you, all that I iudge of him, I feare I shall renue in you that desire, and griefe, which you were wont to feele for the priuation of so worthie a sonne. But neuerthelesse you shall doe exceeding wisely, to thinke, that his loue, his valour, and his industrie remaine alwaies with your selfe: those things being no lesse our owne, that we embrace with our mind, then the same, that we behold with our eyes. His high valour therefore, and the inexplicable loue he beares you, ought to giue you great consolation. And you ought to receiue no smal comfort, con­sidering that we and many others, so [Page 239] much esteeme you, for the rare qualities of your minde: & that this aduerse For­tune abates no whit, of our loue to you; or of our iudgement concerning you. Whereunto you may adde another rea­son; that as you haue not deserued this exile; so you should not much grieue therefore. For, wise men, when they are priuie to their innocentie, are neuer disturbed for any accident, that can happen to them. I, for the memo­rie I retaine of our auncient friendship, and for the vertue which shineth in your sonne, and for the obseruance he shewes me, will be most readie to yeeld you helpe, and comfort. If it happen that you write to me of any thing, I will so handle the matter, that you shall per­ceiue, your writing was not friuolous. Farewell.

Cicero to Titus Fabius. Ep. 18.

THough I my s [...]lfe, who desire to comfort you, want another mans comfort; nothing for manie yeares ha­uing so much pierced my h [...]art, as now your trouble doth: notwithstanding I doe not onely exhort, but for our a­mitie intreat you, that you will streng­then your selfe against disasters [...] car­rying in minde, with what conditions all men are borne, and in what times, [Page 240] we were brought forth. Your owne va­lour hath giuen you more then Fortune tooke from you: hauing obtained that, which seldome strange, or ignoble cit­tizens are wont; and lost that, which Fortune hath taken away from many of greatest nobilitie. Besides I see, that Tribunals of iudgement, and commen­dable customes of our countrie will be so altred; that happie is he, that with least grieuous paine, is from such a Common-wealth departed. But you hauing both goods, and children, and vs, together with others, conioyned vnto you in the nearest of loue, being to make [...]lection, to liue with vs, and with all your friends; and of so many iudgements there being onely one, which is reprehended, as that which by one onely, and doubtfull sentence, may be thought to be yeelded to the power of one: for all these reasons alledged, this hard fortune should not seeme grie­uous to you. My affection towards you, and your children, euen as you desire, and as it ought to be, so shall it euer continue. Farewell.

Cicero to Ruffus. Ep. 19.

I Did euer beleeue, that you loued me from your heart. But I am euery day [Page 241] more confirmed in this beliefe: and I know that euidently, which sometimes you wrote vnto me; that your affecti­on, would appeare so much greater to me, then it did in the Prouince [...] by how much the better it may be discerned, that it proceeded from iudgement, and not from obligation. Although my o­pinion is, that you cannot doe more then that, which you did in the Pro­uince, to demonstrate your loue to­wards me. I receiued a few daies since your letters, which were most accepta­ble to me; for you writ, that although you expected my comming with great desire, notwithstanding because mat­ters went forward, otherwise, then you supposed, you reioyced at the course I tooke. Now, I haue receiued these other, which gaue me exceeding con­tentment, because I vnderstand, you are of the same opinion, that all good and valiant men ought to be of; that nothing is profitable, but that which is honest and iust. And besides th [...]s; In that you promise to follow me, wh [...]ther so euer I goe, which is the most accep­table thing you can doe for me, and (if I be not deceiu'd) most honourable for your selfe. Till now, I neuer ac­quainted you, with my intention by writing; not because I would conceale my selfe from you, but in that commu­nicating my aduise vnto you, it was but [Page 242] a putting you in mind of the office of that good Cittizen, whereof you make profession; and an inuiting you, to run both my perill, and fortune. But consi­dering that I see, with how much loue, and courtesie you offer your selfe vnto me: I willingly accept of your good minde; but without any binding you, to keepe promise with me. If you doe what you make shew of; I shall remaine greatly bound to you therefore: If you doe not, I will excuse you. And of these two elections, I suppose, that the first hath pleased you for my sake, and th'o­ther for feare. For now, we truely de­bate of a most important matter. That which is honest, is plainely discerned. That, that is profitable is hidden from vs. Yet if we be the men we should be; that is, worthie of our studies, and of our profession; we need not doubt, but 'tis better to choose, that which is ho­nest, then that, that is profitable. And if you be of this opinion, come to me presently. But if you thinke, you cannot presently come thither, whither hone­stie cals vs: I will aduertise you in what soeuer is requisite, and in conclusion, I say vnto you, that what course soeuer you take, I will be your friend; but if you be the man I desire, your best [...]riend. Fa [...]ewell.

Cicero to Rufus. Ep. 20.

HOwsoeuer it had stood with me, I would haue met you, if you had come whither you appointed: Where­fore, though you remain'd behind, be­cause you would not put me to any inconuenience: notwithstanding I as­sure you, that, had you sent for me, I would not haue respected mine owne commoditie, to giue you satisfaction. To the other parts of your letters, I could more absolutely answere, if Mar­ [...]us Tullius, my Notarie were here [...] who I am sure about casting vp the ac­compts, (for the rest I know not what to say) hath done nothing with anie end, to doe you therein preiudice, or dishonor. And though the auncient order, and custome were obseru'd at this daie: Yet be assured, that in respect of our friendship, I would neuer haue giuen vp the accompts without first comparing them, with your selfe. But it being requisite, by Caesars Law, to leaue a coppie of them in the Prouince, and to carrie afterwards the o [...]iginall to Rome: I haue done the same in the Pro­uince, which I would haue done at Rome also, if the former custome had continued. Wherein I was so confi­dent in you, that I would not be the [Page 244] man, that would be with you, at the drawing of the accompts: but left the charge thereof to my Notarie, appoin­ting him expresly, that he should frame euery thing to your minde. I neither doe nor euer will repent me, of hauing that confidence in you, which I made shew of: but me thinkes it's strange, that you entred into a iealou [...]ie of my Notarie; you hauing likewise left or­der, that your brother Marcus Mi [...]dius should peruse the accompts, which were made in my abs [...]nce; neither had I any other hand in them, but that after they were finisht, I read them; your brother hauing [...]ormerly both [...]eene, and approued them. If this were honour: I could no [...] more honour you: If it were confidence: I was more confident in you, then al­most in my selfe. If it were requisite in such a businesse to haue regard to your benefit, and praise, as it was fit to haue: I had no man more apt, nor discreet for such a businesse then my Notarie [...] And though I haue left in Apamea, and La [...] ­dicea, a coppie of the accounts; it was for no other end, but to obserue the Law, which commands, that they should bee left in two Cities within the Prouince. Whereupon to this part, I answer, that though I had many iust occasions, for which I could not vse a­nie delaie, in giuing vp my accounts in [Page 245] Rom [...]: Neuerthelesse, I would haue stayed for you, had I not thought they could not haue beene reexamined after they were registred in the Prouince. And as for Volusius, I am informed by vnderstanding men, and especiallie by Caius Camillus my verie good friend, and most expert in such affaires; that wee could not change the course set downe, nor transferre Valerius debt, vpon the person of Volusius; because they that stood bound for Valerius, had beene neither more nor le [...]e oblieged to payment. And the principall debt, was no [...] as you write, 900. crownes but 570. For, about the somme which came short of 900, we had receiued no assignations, in the name of Valerius. But certainely you seeme to repute me, both discourteous, and negligent; yea, (but I respect it not) and verie indi­screet. Discourteous, in that you ima­gine a Legate, and an officer of mine, were discharged, not for mine owne, but for my Notaries benefit; especially, when they were not to bee bound, to this inconuenience. Negligent; you supposing, that I neuer sought to bee acquainted with a matter, which did import my office so neerely, as it might proue preiudiciall to me: and that my Notarie, had set downe that, which he thought good, without speaking one word to me: alleaging, that if I had [Page 246] thought thereon, I would haue pro­ceeded more circumspectly. And I say vnto you, that I thought sufficient­ly of it, and I minded to haue eased Volusius, of so waightie a somme. And on the other side, I haue [...]ound out a way, that Titus Marius, and others, which put in their securitie for Valerius, should not be in any danger to paie it: taking such a course therein, that no man found himselfe grieued, nay, all in generall highly commended mee for it. And I must tell you more: My Notarie onely, tooke it not well. But I thought it the part of an honest man, hauing reseru'd to the people, what was be­longing to them, to preuent the parti­cular losse of so many good friends, and Cittizens. As for the monies raised out of the Prouince, you know, that by the aduise of [...]neius Pompeius, they were laid vp in the Lycaeum. And I as a thing done by mine owne Order con­sented thereunto. Pompeius afterwards sent, and tooke them away, [...]uen as Sextus tooke yours, which you laid vp: But this imports not you. I may well grieue, that I had not the foresight to make a note; by which it might haue appear'd, that you left those sommes there, with my approbation: but that there are extant, the Senats decree, and both our letters. From hence it is mani­fest, that those monies were deliuered [Page 247] to Publius Sextius: & I, seeing the mat­ter so cleare, as no errour could ensue [...] I tooke no great care to make such a note: but now I wish, for your satisfa­ction, that I had made it. I am of your opinion, about giuing in of the ac­compts, which you are to make: Nei­ther in this, shall your, and my ac­compts differ any thing: For you shall adde, that there you left those sommes by my Order; which I neuer put in. Neither haue I any reason to denie you this fauour: and though I had, yet to pleasure you, I would not denie it. As for the accompt of 2700 crownes, you cannot complaine; for it was set down as you pleased, or [...]o speake more true­ly, as it pleas'd your brother. I would willingly amend, if I could that which I left vndone, in giuing vp my ac­compts. But I must bee circumspect, that herein I cōmit no error, the tearm set downe by the Senate being past. But surely, you haue no reason to be so angry, for I could not otherwise behaue my selfe: although in this, I refer mee to their iudgements, that vnderstand it better then I doe. This I assure you, that I'le faile you in nothing, not onely wherein I see you deepely interested, but wherein soeuer I may doe you a pleasure. As for [...]hose that haue done good seruice to the Common-wealth; know, that I haue giuen no testimony, [Page 248] except it bee of the Tribunes, of the Souldiers, of the Prefects, and my Do­mestickes; wherein I erred, supposing, that I might at my pleasure, haue pre­sented their names: but afterwards I was aduertised, how 'twas necessarie, to present them within thirtie daies, after the giuing in of the accompts. Out of doubt, I am verie sorrie, that I left not this care to you, seeing you are so ambitious of it. For of my part, there is no ambition at all. But there remaine the Centurions names, to bee presen­ted, and the Camerades of [...]he militarie Tribunes: For, in these, the Law tyes mee not to a prefixed time. Now it re­steth, that I returne you answer, about the three thousand crownes, whereof I remember you wrote vnto mee from Myrina, obiecting to me an error, which grew by your fault, and not mine. For, i [...] any deserue reprehension; It is your brother M [...]ndiu [...], and Tullie my Notary, that should bee reprehended. But that errour being now past recalling; (For, the monies being dispos'd of, I was departed out of the Prouince;) I doe certainely thinke, that according to the inclination of my mind, and according to the hope of monies, which I then had, I wrote back vnto you, as friendly as I could But mee thinkes, it is not reasonable, that I should bee bound to yeeld that vnto you now, by way of ob­ligation, [Page 249] which then in courtesie I pro­pounded. Neither, though you write vnto me, of the sayd three thousand Ducat [...]s, did I receiue your letter wi [...]h that discontentment, as Deb [...]ors in these times receiue letters, from their Creditors. You must withall consider, that in Eph [...]sus, I hauing le [...]t in the hands of the Toll-Masters, three [...]score six thousand C [...]ownes, which I had lawfully gotten in my Prouince, Pompey tooke it all. Whereof, whether I com­plaine, or not, questionlesse, your losse being onely three thousand Crownes, you may endure it with the greater pa­tience; imagining with your selfe, that the Senate allowed you not so great prouisions, as indeede it gaue you; or, that my selfe gaue you not so much, as I did. For, if you lent mee those three thousand Crownes, yet I am so confi­dent in your good nature, and in the loue you beare me, that you would not now force me to sell somthing of mine owne, to haue them againe: for other­wise, I haue no meanes to restore you them. But all that I haue written, e­steeme it to bee written by way of merriment: And the like doe I, by that you haue written to mee. Although, when Tullius returnes out of the Countrey, I will not forget to send him to you, if you thinke it bee requisite. I d [...]sire in any wise, [Page 250] that you would rend this letter. Fare­well.

Cicero to Lucius Messinius. Epist. 21.

I Haue read your letters with content­ment, by which I vnderstood, that you greatly desire to see mee: Which I imagined, though you had not written it. Neither is my desire in this, inferior to your owne. And so let my thoughts obtaine their wished ends, as I heartily desire to be with you. For, when our Countrey did more abound, then now it doth, with men of valour, and true Citizens, and the number of my friends was greater; yet was there none, with whom I was more willing to conuerse, then with your selfe, and but few, with whom so willingly; but now, some be­ing dead, other some in remote Coun­tries, and others not bearing that mind towards mee, they were wont to doe; I should verily thinke one day better spent with you, then all the time I con­sume with many of those, with whom I conuerse out of necessitie. And I as­sure you, that solitarinesse would bee much more acceptable to me, (which, notwithstanding, is not granted mee) [Page 251] then their enter [...]ainements, that daily frequent my house; except it be of one, or two, at the most. Therefore I retire my selfe, as I would wish you also, to our pleasing studies: and withall, I comfort my selfe with the memoriall of my intentions, thinking to my selfe, that I neuer had respect, (as I suppose you conceiue) to priuate benefit, but to pub­lique safetie. And if hee, whom you could neuer loue, because you loued me, had not borne me enuie; hee, and with him all other good men, had been happy. I would neuer consent, that the violence of any particular man should bee so powerfull, as to suppresse com­mon libertie. And after I saw those armes, which I euer feared would bee able to doe more, then the consent of good Citizens, who, according to my directions, and examples, vndertooke to defend the Common-wealth: I was of opinion, that discords were rather to be compounded, though vpon vnequall termes, so it we [...]e with securitie, then to fight against those, who were stron­ger then our selues. But shortly wee'l confer, both of this, and many other things. And I remaine now in Rome, for no other end, but before my depar­ture, to know the successe of the war, that is now on foot in Africa. For, I am of constant beleefe, that we shal shortly see an end thereof. And I am of opi­nion, [Page 252] it imports me, I know not what, to delay my departure: that I may ioyne with my friends, to take some course, according to the newes, we shall receiue. Although I cannot tell you, what it is, that should so import mee; matters being growne to that passe, as ouercome who will, the victorie will be the same, though equitie, stand more with the one, then the other part. And yet notwithstanding, now, that I am out of all hope, I beare a more conten­ted [...]inde, then when wee were be­twixt hope, and feare. And your last letters but one, encrea [...]ed my confi­dence: In that by them I vnderstood, that to support iniuries, your singular humanitie, much encouraged you, and much also your learning. I'le not bee sparing to tell you the truth: At first, I tooke you to bee rather of a so [...]t dispo­sition, then otherwise; as for the most part, all we are, to whom the chaine of seruitude seemes too heauie; being inu­red to liue nobly, in a happie and free Citie. But as in good fortune, wee bare our selues moderately, so ought wee to resist this constantly, which is the worst that could haue happened: That a­mong so many euils, we may enioy this little benefit; that whereas in happie times; it was our dutie to contemne death, in which is felt no miserie; now, being plunged in so many tribulations, [Page 253] we ought not so much to contemne, as to desire it. I request you, for the loues sake, that you beare mee, to embrace this quiet: and firmely to beleeue, that besides offence, and sin, from which you haue beene hitherto, and euer will bee exempted, there can nothing light vpon a man, how terrible soeuer, which should dismay him. I will presently come to you, if I see there bee any oc­casion. And if it be requisite, to change resolution, I will for [...]hwi [...]h adu [...]rtise you. But I beseech you, being so crazie, hazard not to trauell, out of a desire to see mee, before you haue my aduice therein. Let mee request you, to loue me still, as you doe; and to regard your health, alacritie, and contentment. Farewell.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 1.

THough there be such a con­fusion of all things, that e­uery one is discontented with his fortunes, and that there's no man, that would not rather be any where, then where he is: neuer­thelesse, I make no doubt, but that in these times, it greeues euery honest man, rather to bee in Rome, then any where else. For, though there is great affliction felt in all places, for the great [Page 256] losse, both publike and particular, ne­uerthelesse, the eies encrease greefe, when they are constrained to behold that, which others heare; neither doe they euer suffer vs to remoue our thoughts from miseries. Whereupon, though of nec [...]ssitie, seeing your [...]elfe depriu'd of many things, you must needs be affected with great greefe: yet free your minde, from being gr [...]eu'd, because you are not at Rome; the which, as I heare, vexeth and troubleth you. For, though it may touch you neerely, that you are separated from your friends, and your owne fortunes; yet they st [...]nd in their vsuall state, nor would they be greatly better'd, by your being present. N [...]ither should you, when you remember your friends, de­sire a particular fortune, or re [...]use that which is common. And, whensoeuer it happens, ô Torquatus, that you truely consider with your selfe; you shall not need to yeeld, either to desperation, or feare. For C [...]sar, who hi [...]herto, hath beene more vniust to you, then your dignitie requir'd, hath giuen euident testimonie, that he wishes you no more ill And thinke not, though he be grea­ter then wee, that hee is any whit more [...]ecure; the end of all warres being doub [...]full. For the one victorie I can­not perceiue, that you are in any such danger, that is not as well euerie [Page 257] mans ruine as yours. And for the other, I know you no waies stand in feare. It remaines that the generall perill of the Common-wealth, must needs peirce your heart; the which I turne to a kinde of consolation. And though learned men, prescribe many medi­cines, for this so growen a disease; yet I feare, there is no other true comfort to be found, then that, which is appli­ed from the fortitude of a mans minde. For if to liue well, and happily, it suffi­ceth that a man haue a cleare consci­ence, and doe all things conformable to Iustice: I thinke we cannot properly terme him vnhappie, who is priuie to his owne heart, that his secretest thoughts had neuer other obiect, then honestie. For I cannot imagine, that we left our country, our children, and our fortunes, for any hope of reward: but therein we thought that we discharg'd a certaine iust, pious, and requisite of­fice, for the Common-wealth, and to our owne honor; not being so foolish, that we should repute victorie certaine. Whereupon if the same ensued, which formerly wee supposed might hap­pen, when we did enter into the enter­prize: we must not abandon our selues, as if somthing had hapned, we thought would neuer haue come to passe. Let vs therefore beleeue (as in truth we may) that those things are neuer blam'd [Page 258] in vs, which proceed from Fortune, and not from our selues: and being exemp­ted from this blame, we ought patient­ly to vndergoe those disasters, vnto which, the life of man, is subiect. Out of which reasons I conclude, that there is no man so sunke in miserie, but that vertue is of power, to preserue him. But let the lot fall to whom it will, of euery side you haue hopes, if any hope re­maine to publicke affaires. And here I remember, how you were wont, to re­prehend my despaire; and to encourage me to that warre, whereunto you savv me going against my will. At which time I neuer condemn'd our reasons, but our course. For I saw, that we too late opposed those armes, which had been much strengthened by our selues. Wherefore I gaue counsell, that such a warre was to be auoided, wherein force preuailed aboue counsell; and violence, aboue reason. And when I said, that, that would ensue which did; I presa­ged not what would come to passe: but onely feared lea [...]t those miseries should happen, which I saw were likely to fall out: especially, that if I should haue giuen my censure of one, of two ends, I would surely haue promised that, which was most certaine. For we were superior in those things, which are not vsed in fighting; but inferior in the ex­perience of armes, and resolution of [Page 259] souldiers. Now, assume you, I pray ye, that courage, which then you thought I was to take. All the fore-mentioned I haue vvritten, because your Philargyrus discoursing before with me, and mou'd as I thinke, out of loyall affection, he told me, how sometimes you would be transported with griefe, which you should by all meanes bridle: being as­sured, that if the Common wealth re­turne to her former estate, you may certainely hope, that you shall liue as honorably in the same, as any way is conuenient: and if she remaine desolate and oppressed, you shall haue no worse conditions therein then the rest. And this time, wherein vvee all continue doubtfull, and daunted, ought hereup­on to seeme vnto you lesse grieuous, because you are in that Cittie, vvhere vertue grew, and was borne; vvhich teacheth vs, how to dispose, and order our liues. Then haue you Seruilius Sul­pitius, whom you alwayes loued deare­ly, whose louing and sage exhortations, you cannot want: and if we had fol­lowed his authoritie and counsell, vve should neuer haue lost vvith armes in hand; but we should willingly haue yeelded, without comming to them. I haue spoken too much, vvhere perad­uenture 'tvvas not requisite; that which most of all imports, I vvill tell you briefly. There is no man, to whom I [Page 260] am more bound then to you. The ruine of this warre hath depriu'd me of those friends, to vvhom I vvas deeply oblie­ged, as you can testifie. I knovv that at this instant, I beare no svvay. But be­cause no man is so afflicted by misf [...]r­tunes, but that he may, if he vvill be onely attentiue to one thing, vvorke some effect: I [...]ssure you, I vvill imploy for you and your children, my coun­cell, endeuour, and affection of heart, vvherein I vvill neue [...] be wanting vnto you. Far [...]well.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 2.

IF I vvrite seldomer to you, then I was vvont, 'tis not because I am forgetfull of you, but onely in that for the most part, I feele my selfe vnhealth [...]ull; though at this instant, I am reasonable vvell; and in that I am not in Rom [...], vvhere I may vnderstand, whither any goe thither or not: vvher [...]upon be as­sured, that I keepe you in memorie, and loue you better then [...]uer I did; and I haue no lesse care of yours, then of mine ovvne occasions. If your matters hitherto, haue not obtained that good issue, which men wish't and expected, [Page 261] vndoubtedly, you haue no reason, to grieue much thereat, considering the wicked condi [...]ion of th [...]se present times. For one of thes [...] two things must needes happen; eyther that the Com­mon-wealth shall alway [...]s be troubled with armes; & [...]hat hauing l [...]id downe armes, s [...]e may once againe recouer breath [...] or else [...]t s [...]e must absolutely perish. If arme [...] [...]r [...]uaile, you need not fear [...], either [...]hose that [...]ake you to fa­uor, or others whom you haue assisted. If armes be laid aside by accord, or gi­uen ouer by wea [...]in [...]s, or shal be violēt­ly by the victors, taken out of the hand of the vāquish' [...]; in which of these kinds soeuer the Cittie doe respire; you shall returne to [...]our place, and withall you shall enioy your Fortunes: But if euery thing come to ruine, and such an end happen, as Marcus Antonius, a very wise man feared euer since that time, that he foresaw the future discords; mis [...]rable, and most vnhappie doubtl [...]sse is the consolation, which I meane to giue you in this case [...] especially to such a man, and such a cittizen, and neuerthe­lesse very nec [...]ssarie: that no man must grieue for that which all others endure. What vertue may be in these few words (for I will not, [...]or some respect, speake any further) if you shall but consid [...]r, as questionl [...]s you doe: you may, with­out my lett [...]rs conceiue, that these tur­bulent [Page 262] seasons, may once cleare vp a­gaine: but, in what state soeuer the Common-wealth stand, you need not be afraid: and if she be absolutely defa­ced, in that you would not suruiue her, though you might, it is but reason, that with all patience, we should comport such an accident; especially being in­nocent therein. But no more at this present. I should be very glad, if you would write vnto me, what you doe, and where you will be: to the end I may know whither to write, and whi­ther to come. Farewell.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 3.

IN the last letters, I was somewhat long, not that there was any need, but to testifie the loue, which I beare you. For your valour is so solide of it selfe, that no exhortation is necessary to su­steine it: neither am I in a state, to com­fort another, being depriu'd of all con­solation. Wherefo [...]e at this present, I must be briefe: for if then it was not requisite to write at large; much lesse is it now: And if it were then necessary; let that which I haue written suffice; the rather because nothing new hath since [Page 263] occurred. For though we haue newes euery day, the which peraduenture you heare also: yet all sort to that end, which I discerne as well by my vnderstand­ing, as the things that we behold with our eyes. And yet I see nothing, the which I know not vnd [...]ubtedly that you likewise obserue. For though no man can presage, the euent of the bat­taile: yet me thinkes I see it: and if I see it not, neuerthelesse, in that of ne­cessitie one or other must vanquish, I conceiue what victorie will come to, as well in the one, as the other. And let fortune bend to which side she will, I perceiue such a scourge thereon de­pending, that a man ought almost to seeke death to auoide it, with which some suppose to daunt vs. For a life de­priued of Honor is no life: and death though it bring an end to a happie life, was neuer by wisemen reputed a mise­rie. But you are in that Cittie, where the wals themselues, can tell you these things, and that more aboundantly, and with greater eloquence [...] I assure you, though other mens miseries are but of small consolation, that you are in no greater danger, then any of those who­soeuer, which either forsooke the war, or of others tha [...] renewed it: These fight, and those stand doubtfull, who shall remaine victor: But this consola­tion is of no great moment; behold an [Page 264] other farre 'greater; the which I hope you will applie to your selfe; euen as I also doe. Nothing while I l [...]ue can af­fflict me, being innocent o [...] all off [...]ce: and if I liue not, how can I feele any griefe? But I call to minde, that I re­turne anew, (as they say) [...]o bring owles to Athens. I haue, and euer will haue, the greatest care I can, of you, of yours, and your interests. Farewell.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 4.

THere is no newes at all; and if there were, I know your Friends certifie you thereof: but of the future though it be hard to speake: neuerthe­lesse a man may by imagination some­times come neere it, when the matter is such, that a man may forecast the issue. At this time it seemes onely pro­bable, that the warre will not long con­tinue: though some are of contrarie opinion. I thinke that by this time some effect hath ensued: not that I know it certainely, but because wee may easily conceiue as much. First, euery man may expect the victorie; and of all bat­tailes, the end is ambiguous. Then, the Armie both of one and other side is so [Page 265] great, and so resolu'd to fight, as it is no great wonder though either of them vanquish. That opinion is euery day confirmed, that although the occasi­ons of the warre bee different, yet be­tweene their victories there will bee no great difference. One side wee know, by experience: on the other part, if Cae­sar vanquish, there is no man who doth not forecast, how great feare the [...]e is like to be; both because it is prouoked, and in that it will haue armes in hand. And in relating this to you, if you think that I augment your griefe, whereas I should mittigate it with some consola­tion: I confesse, that I finde no com­fort in the common calamities, besides one; the which if you could embrace, were very great, and such as I euerie day make vse of: and this it is. That a man, when hee hath wrought all the good hee is able, [...]ought not to bee di­sturbed for any contrarietie, that may happen, not hauing deserued it. There­fore, wee hauing alwaies aduised [...]or the benefit of the Common-wealth, and being rather the blame of Fortune, then of our counsels, that things haue succeeded ill: and in a word; for so much as did belong vnto vs, we hauing neuer beene deficient; we ought to en­dure that patiently which hath happen­ed. But yet I will not bee perswaded, that I am able to comfort you, in these [Page 266] common miseries, wherein a greater wit then mine is required to giue it; and singular vertue, to support it. Ne­uerthelesse, euery one may easilie shew you, how in particular, you haue no occasion to complaine. For although Caesar hath beene more slacke in relea­sing you from trouble, then we suppo­sed: yet I know he carries a good af­fection to you. For concerning others, I doe [...]ot beleeue you expect my opini­on. It remaines, that you grieue, be­cause for so long time, you are f [...]r from your friends. This is certainely a great discontent: you being separated from the sweetest, and most pleasing chil­dren in the world. But as before I wrote vnto you, it is now a time, when euery man esteemes his estate very vn­happie, & rather desires to be in any o­ther place, then where he is. I [...]or my part repute my selfe most vnfortunate, for being in Rome; not onely because in all euils, it is more terrible to behold, then to heare: but in that being heere, I see my selfe exposed to all those acci­dents, which may happen on a sud­daine. Although to my selfe, who de­uise alwaies to com [...]ort you, the know­ledge of letters, to which I haue euer beene addicted, hath not afforded so great consolation, as the length of time. You may remember how much I haue beene grieued. Wherein the first com­ [...]ort [Page 267] is, that I saw more then others; when I desired peace, although the conditions were vnequall. And though I presume not to haue pre­saged out of my vnderstanding, but in that fortune was pleased to make me p [...]ognosticate that which ensued: ye [...] I am delighted with this vaine praise of wisdome. I finde another consolation, which is common [...]o vs both: that if I we [...]e now summon'd to the last period of life, I would not goe vnwilling: for I would thinke by death, to bring my afflictions to an end; and I should de­part from that Commonwealth, wher­in it auailes me not to liue. Besides this: I am now old: and I thinke I haue spent my yeares so well, that in one re­spect, I should die with comfort; and in another, I should not take my selfe to be iniured, though I be forced to passe that period; whether nature her selfe hath almost conducted m [...]e. Finally, there hath died in this warre such a per­sonage, and so many valiant men haue therein left their liues; that if wee were constrained to die, me thinkes it were indiscretion to r [...]fuse it. For my part, I propound vnto my self [...], all accidents: and there is no euill so great, which I take not to bee neere at hand. But yet I feare not; the vexation being greater, which is caused by feare, then is the thing it selfe which we feare, wherein [Page 268] there is not onely, no griefe, but wee shall finde, the last period of sorro [...]. But I'le goe no further: and peraduen­ture I haue said more then was requi­site. But, not any delight of many words, but meere good will, drawes my letters out too long. It displeas'd me that Seruius went from Athens; who because hee was your familiar friend, and one replenished with bountie, and wisedome, should I know, haue euer beene neere about you, and haue giuen you great comfort. My desire is, that as you ought, and your custome is, you would relie on your firme resolu­tion. I will with all diligence, and care procure that, which I shall thinke to be beneficiall for you, and what may profitablie concerne, either your selfe, or yours. In doing whereof, I shall imitate your loue towards mee: but neuer arriue to [your] deserts. Farewell.

Cicero to Aulus Caecin [...]. Epist. 5.

WHensoeuer I see your sonne (and I see him euery daie) I offer, and promise him, my endeuour, and diligence; without exception, ei­ther [Page 269] of l [...]bour, employment, or time: but my authoritie, and fauor; with this exception: wherein I am able, or in what I can. Your booke I haue, and doe reade, and keepe most diligently. your goods, and state, cannot sit neerer my heart then they doe: and euery day I conceiue more hope, seeing many to labour faithfully therein: as I know certainely your sonne writes vnto you: who hath himselfe also the same hope. But for these things, which may bee foreseene by vnderstanding, I presume not to discerne further, then I perswade my selfe, that yo [...] see, and conceiue. Yet neuerthelesse, because it may bee, that being dazeled with griefe, you may not so cleerely discerne, I thought good to write vnto you my opinion. The nature of things present, and the course of times is such, that this for­tune cannot long stand with you, or with others: nei [...]her in a cause so iust, and vpon so good Cittizens so cruell an iniurie continue. To that hope ther­fore, which in particular I haue of your selfe, not onlie for your valor, and dig­nitie; (for these ornaments are in ma­ny others) whereunto are added your owne proper q [...]alities, that is, an [...]le­uated wit, and singular vertue: Wher­of Caesar, makes an high esteeme: And you could not haue stayed long in this fortune, if he had not thought himselfe [Page 270] offended, by those worthie parts, for which you are to him most deare. But the prouocation of his minde, is euery daie mittigated, and groweth more calme. And I vnderstand from them, that conuerse hourely with him, that the opinion of your wit, will commend you greatly to his fauour. First of all therefore, see, that you be of an high, and resolute spirit; For you were borne of such a father, bred; and instructed after such a sort, as 'tis requisite for you to doe it. And then bee of constant hop [...]s, for the reasons aboue men [...]ion­ed. And liue as [...]ured, that you shall command me vpon any of your owne, or your childrens occasions: euen as our ancient friendship, and my vsuall custome towards friends, and the ma­ny benefits that I haue receiued from you require [...]h. Farewell:

Cicero to Aulus Caecina. Epist. 6.

I Know not how you remaine satisfi­ed at my hands; in that I haue not written vnto you, as I stood bound; [...] ­well by our friendship, and many inter­changeable offices; as [...]ecause we were both of one, and the same Faction. [Page 271] Questionlesse, both long since, and many times, I would haue written to you, but that expecting dailie better e­uents, I desired rather to reioyce with you, then comfort you. Euen as short­ly I hope to doe; which will minister me occasion to write againe vnto you. Now, though I am inform'd and hope, that you contest with Fortune, out of a resolute minde: yet I'le see, whether with these letters, I can adde vnto your forces. I know I am not fit to doe it: but that Authoritie which deriues from great loue, ought to operate very much. Neither will I attempt to com­fort you, as one afflicted, and depriued of all hopes of safetie: but as a person, of whose safetie, I promise my selfe nei­ther more nor lesse, then you heereto­fore were wont to promise your selfe of mine. I remember when I was expel­led by them, who thought they could not [...]uine the Common-wealth, except I; were first supprest, that manie of my friends, who came out of Asia, where you were to see mee, told mee, how you affirmed, that I should be pre­sently, restor'd, and with infinite ho­nor. If you, through a certaine know­ledge of Tuscan discipline, which you had learned from your Father, who was a noble, and honest Gentleman, tooke not your markes amisse: No more should my prognostication bee [Page 272] false, being grounded vpon that, which many wise men haue written, and I haue read, as your selfe knowes, with exact diligence. Besides the apprehen­sion I may haue therein, through my great experience in publike affaires, and for that which I haue obserued in my selfe; to which kinde of prognosticati­on I giue so much the greater credit, because in present things, so obscure, and troublesome, it neuer deceiu'd me. I would speake of those things which I haue presaged, but that I will not seeme to haue now [...]eyned that which is come to passe. Yet many can testifie, how in the beginning I aduised Pompeius, not to ioyne with Caesar: and afterwards that hee should not separate himselfe from him. perceiuing very cleerely, that ioyning with him, the authoritie of the Senate was much impaired; and being separated, a ciuill warre would grow. I was a great friend to Caesar, and I loued and honoured Pompeius: but a [...] my counsell was loyall to Pom­peius, so both to one, and other it was profitable. Many other things passed, which I foresawe. Because I would not that Caesar, to whom I was much bound, should know, that if Pompeius had obserued my directions, he should haue beene in high state, and honoured of all the Cittizens; but yet hee should not haue had such a power, as now he [Page 273] hath. I perswaded Pompeius to goe in­to Spaine. If he had gone thither, the ciuill warre had not ensued. I sought not to obtaine, that Caesar being out of Rome, might stand for the Consulship: but when the people (Pompeius the Consull hims [...]lfe, vrging it with great importunitie) had granted it him: I said 'twas good to satisfie him therein. And discerning that this was the seede of ciuill discords, with many reasons, I laboured to extinguish it; reprehen­ding them which affected not peace: the which, though it were accompani­ed with vnequall conditions, yet I pre­ferred it before warre, which on our behalfe was most i [...]st. Pompeius knew I spake truth: but there were some so blinde, that to enrich themselues, and effect their desires, holding victorie se­cure in that Pompeius was their Cap­taine, they saw not the benefit of my Councell. They came to armes: I stirred not: they went out of Italy, I staid as long as I could. In briefe, the care of my honor, wrought more in me, then the feare of life. I would not leaue Pompeius, because he had not for­saken mee in my necessities: therefore to shunne infamie, like that Amphia­r [...]us in the Fables, I expos'd my selfe, to manifest ruine. In which warre no aduersitie fell out, which I had not for­merly denounced. Seeing therefore [Page 274] you may perceiue the truth of my rea­sons, you are bound to beleeue mee, as men vse to beleeue Augures, and Astro­logers, when they haue once spoken truth. Neither, doe I now goe after dreames, as the Augures are wont to doe, nor doe I marke how the birds flie, nor hearken I how they sing, nor minde how they eate: but I obserue o­ther signes: which if they be not more certaine then those, yet they are more easie to comprehend, and consequent­ly, not so fallible. And my Progno­stication is grounded vpon two rea­sons. On the one side I consider Cae­sars nature: on the other, that of the ciuill warres. Caesar is benigne and clement, iust as he is disciphered in that booke, where you complaine of him. Besides, he loues noble spirits, such as yours is: and finally, [...]e will be ouer­come, with many mens entreaties: see­ing, that they are not mou'd out of vaine ambition, but out of office, and charitie. The which all Tuscanie doing, 'tis to be thought, shee will be heard. Now, what's the reason, that hitherto, these things haue done little good? For he thinkes, that granting your returne, with whom, it seemes, he hath some cause to be angry; he could not after­wards deny it many others. Oh, you'le say, what may I hope for then? if he be angry with me? he conceiues, that he [Page 275] may extract his praises from the same fountaine, by whose drops, hee was formerly made wet, or dashed. Finally, he is a man of great wit, and prudent discourse. He see'th plainely, that he cannot long keepe you out of your Countrie, you being in Tuscanie, which is no base part of I [...]alie, but amongst o­thers, the most noble: and equall to a­ny in Rome, of the more honourable sort of cittizens of your age, for wit, fauour, and iudgement. He will not that here­after you should acknowledge this be­nefit rather from the time, then now from him. I haue spoken of Caesar: Now I'le speake of the nature of the ciuill warres. There is no man such an enemy to that enterprise, which Pomp [...]ius, with great courage, but small preparations vndertooke, that can say, that we haue eyther beene bad cittizens, or bad men. Wherein I am wont to admire the gra­uitie, iustice, and wisedome of Caesar: He neuer speakes but honorably of Pompeius: Oh, but he hath perform'd against him, many terribly actions. The blame is not Caesars, but of armes, and of the victory. Doe but marke vs: how hath he embraced vs? He made Cassius his Legate; He hath giuen the gouern­ment of Fraun [...]e to Brutus, and to Sulpi­cius that of Gracia: he restor'd Marcellus, against whom, he was wonderfully in­censt, with as great honor, as could be [Page 276] wisht. What can I therefore inferre? Take the world what forme it will, the nature of things, and of ciuill warres, will neuer permit, but that in one, and the selfe same cause, all may haue the same condition: and that good men, and good cittizens, that are innocent, may returne into that Cittie, where­into so many guiltie banished men are returned. This is my prognostication: of which if I made any doubt, I would rather vse that consolation, with which you being a valiant man, as you are, I might easily suppose to comfort you: That if you had taken vp armes, for the Common-wealth, (for so you then thought) with certaine hope of victo­rie, you should not haue beene much to be commended; but had you imagined, it might so come to passe, that we should be vanquish't, the end of warre being vncertaine: it would haue beene a thing most vnbeseeming you, not to haue beene constant in aduerse for­tune; as you would haue beene discreet, and moderate in prosperous. I would discourse yet farther; how much it would refresh you, to call to mind, that your deeds tended to a good end; And how delight [...]ull your studies would be vnto you in aduersities. I could rip vp vnto you, the fearefull accidents, not onely of auncient, but also of moderne Captaines, that haue beene in this war, [Page 277] with you. For other mens examples, reducing that law to memorie, where­unto all men, are constrained to obey, extenuate our griefe. Besides this, I would aduertise you, in how great an hauak and confussion of things we liue: in that we should lesse grieue to be de­priu'd of our countrie, when it is in ill state, then when it is well: but I would not haue you thinke of this reason. For out of hand, as I hope, nay, rather as I plainely discerne, we shall see you, in honor, and safetie. In the meane while, although I haue at many other times performed this office: neuerthelesse, be­cause Caesar, and his friends do shew me euery day better countenance, I more confidently promise you, my paines, my endeuour, my loue, and my labour. And be assured, that what authoritie or fa­uour soeuer I doe obtaine, I'le employ it all for your benefit: as formerly I of­fer'd to your sonne, the true image, no l [...]sse of your minde then of your body, a very well demean'd young man, and exceeding constant in your aduersitie. Looke to maintaine your selfe, not onely with fortitude of minde, but also with hope, which you may haue aboun­dantly. Farewell.

Aulus Caecina to Cicero. Ep. 7.

I Vnderstand, that my sonne hath not let my booke be seene, doubting (and not without cause) lest he might foolishly erre to our preiudice: consi­dering that, the same which was writ­ten, with a sincere meaning, may bee wrested to a contrary sense. And there­fore if you haue not had it, ascribe the blame to feare, and to the qualitie of our state, worthie doubtlesse of com­passion. This my misfortune which st [...]ll continues, grew by writing: and in this I know my selfe, more vnfortunate then others. For when a writing is vn­corrected, by cancelling the error, there is remedie: and when on is a foole, fame giues him due chastisement. But my error is amended by banishment: the sum of which offence is; that being ar­med I spake [...]ll of my aduersary. Accor­ding to my opinion, there is none of vs, which prayed not for victorie: and which desired not also, when he sacri­ficed vpon any other cause, that Caesar might be suddenly discomforted: If himselfe thinke no [...] so; he is truely hap­pie: if he know and conceiue as much; why is he angry with me, for hauing written somewhat, that he would not haue [to be written], he hauing par­doned [Page 279] others, who sent vp their pray­ers to the gods for his ruine. But to re­turne to the purpose, the reason you had not the booke was this; because I haue written of you, but yet sparingly, and with respect; desire spurring me for­ward, but feare keeping me backe: whereas, it were requisite, that he that wrote of such an argument should not onely be free from all respects, but be of wit also, and of a valiant, and reso­lu [...]e minde. 'Tis thought there is a free­dome to reprehend other mens vices: and yet it must be done with modesty. A man cannot commend himselfe too much, least he seeme arrogant. It is therefore onely lawfull to commend anoth [...]r man. And [...]f you praise not a man, as much as he deserues, of neces­sitie, you are to be reprehended, eyther of ignorance, or enuie. But I thinke I did you a pleasure in not commending you so much as you deserued; For when one cannot doe a thing sufficiently, 'tis good to g [...]ue it ouer, or at least to touch it but sl [...]ghtly. Neuerthelesse I haue v­sed moderation: [...]or many things I haue extenuated; many I haue cleane taken away, and many also I haue not set downe. Euen as, therefore, of a Lad­der, if you take away some steps, cut off other some, and leaue others in ill case, you would make it that no man could ascend thereon: So he that writes any [Page 280] thing with restraint, what contentment can he giue the reader? And when I but name Caesar, I feele my selfe tremble; not for feare of punishment, but of his iudgement, because I doe not entirely know his nature. How thinke you, that my minde may stand, when it reuolues with it selfe, reasoning almost after this manner? This word will please h [...]m: of this o [...]her, I am doubtfull: and if I change it, who knows, whether it may not be worse? Besides this, if I com­mend one; what know I, whether I [...]hall offend him? and if I offend him, will he not take it in anger? I wrote a­gainst him during the warre: and then he was angry with me [...] What will he do now, that I am vanquished, and bani­shed? You also augment my feare, who, in your booke of the perfect Orator, minding to defend your selfe from de­tractors, you make Brutus your shield, and you seeke a companion, to excuse your selfe the better. If you, doe this, who were wont to assist euery one with your high eloquence: What opi­nion should I conceiue of my selfe, who for so many years, vs [...]d to haue recourse to you, for my defence; and now finde my selfe in case, to bee defended of all men? If therefore it happen, that the mind, in this imagination be perad­uenture transported with any vaine feare; and that this blind suspition tor­ments [Page 281] it; in that a man must not write to satisfie his owne iudgement, but in such a sort, as he esteemes may please others: how difficult it is to doe anie good thing, if you haue not found it by reason, Nature hauing giuen you a sin­gular wit, apt for euery great enter­prise; we now find it. Neuerthelesse, I enioyn'd my sonne, that he should read the booke to you, without leauing it in your hands: except you would promise to correct it; that is, wholly to change it. Touching the going into Asia, though great necessitie vrged me, yet I haue followed your aduise. About my returne, 'tis superfluous to entreat you: you see the time is come, wherein it must be dilated of. It is needles my Cicero, for you to haue any regard to my sonne [herein,] his age, too much af­fection, and feare, take from him those aduertisements, which in that respect, are requisite. 'Tis fit that you take vp­on you, all this enterprise. I haue pla­ced all my hope in you. You absolutely know, out of your wisedome, what things wil delight him, and with what, one may reconcile his fauour. It is re­quisite that from you, all things should haue their beginning, and all b [...] finished by your hand. You are of great power about him, and in great respect a­mongst all his followers. If you'le dis­pose your selfe to beleeue, that you [Page 282] must not onely take vpon you the charge imposed, though this were in­deed too much; but that the whole burden is yours: you may easily ob­taine whatsoeuer is desired. And if this securitie which I intrude vpon you, make me seeme either too [...]oolish in my miserie, or presumptuous in my friendship: let your vsuall loue, and kindnesse, excuse me both in the one, and other, which ordinarily is so great, that now at length your friends in th [...]ir occasions, doe not hope, but command you. I pray, let not the booke my sonne giues you, be seene, except you first so correct it, that it may not preiudice me. Farewell.

Cicero to Aulus Caecina. Epist. 8.

HAuing vnderstood by Largus, who is your kinde Affectionate: how on the Calends of Ianuary, your safe conduct was expired: I spake with Bal­bus, and Oppius, knowing that euerie thing was well done, which was acted by them in Caesars absence: and I ear­nestly entreated, both the one and the other, that they would grant mee, that you might remaine in Sicilia at your [Page 283] pleasure: who being wont, either to promise mee willingly, whensoeuer I demanded any thing of them, that stood not against their mindes; or else to denie me, and tell mee the reasons, why they did so: at that instant they gaue me no absolute answer: but y [...]t the selfe same day, they returned to me, and granted me, that you should conti­nue in Sicilia, as long as you would: for they would so vse the matter, that Caesar should bee content. Now you haue vnderstood what they permit you: I thinke good to make knowne to you my opinion. This being done, I receiued your letters: wherein you consult with mee, whether you should stay in Sicilia, or goe into Asia, to set in order some busine [...]ses of yours. I took not this your intention, to confront with Largus words. He spake to mee in such a sort, as it seemed you might no longer abide in Sicilia: and you write, as if you might continue there. But whether the one or the other bee true, my opinion is, that you should not stir from thence. You shall bee neere to Rome; and hauing opportunitie of often writing, and [...]en [...]ing messengers, you may the better solicite your returne. The which, if it may be obtained, after the sam [...] manner you desire and hope; or else vpon any conditions wha [...]soe­uer; you may [...]orthwith come. Ther­fore [Page 284] I would not wish you, to depart from thence, in anie wise. I will com­mend you to my friends, Titus Furfanus, Posthumius, and his Legates, when they come, for they were al at Mutina. They are men of great bountie, and much affected to those of your qualitie, and my verie inward acquaintance. Wher­in soeuer I see that I may do you good, I will doe my endeuour, without being required thereunto. And what I of my selfe vnderstand not: if it be told me, I'le exceed anie mans labour, or dili­gence therin, whatsoeuer. And though I meane to speak so effectually with Fur­fanus, that letters shall not be very need­full: yet some friends of yours thinking good, that I should write a word vnto him, for you to deliuer: I desired herein to content them. The copie you shall see, here vnder written. Farewell.

Cicero to Titus Furfanus Vice-Consull. Epist. 9.

BEtween me and A [...]lus Caecina, there hath euer been so great familiaritie and friendship, that none can possibly bee greater. For his father, a valorous Gentle-man, was my especiall friend, and himselfe I alwaies loued from his [Page 285] infancie, because hee gaue wonderfull hopes, of singular bountie and elo­quence. And not only through amitie, but [...]hrough a similitude of studies, we conuersed so domestically together, that no man was more familiar with me, then he. It is not requisite, that I write further: you see how many occa­sions lead me, to assist him, in whatso­euer my power extends vnto. And, because I haue seene it manifestly, by diuers signes, that you greeue much, to see good men in these hard fortunes, and the Common-wealth in so misera­ble an estate. Onely I request you, that the same desire you formerly had, to helpe Cae [...]ina, may so encrease, as that it may equall the loue you beare [...]y selfe. You cannot doe mee a greater pleasure. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 10.

AS there is no man better knowes, then my selfe, how much you loue me: so am I a testimonie to my selfe, of the loue which I beare to you. For, I euer greatly grecu'd, for the counsell you followed (if it were coun­sell, and not rather destinie) to perseuer [Page 286] in a ciuill war: and now not seeing you so readily, restored into your fo [...]mer e­state, as is conuenient: I am therewith no lesse troubled, then you with my disgraces, were heretofore tormented. Postumulenus, and Sextius, know it: our Atticus knowes it; with whom I haue many times discoursed thereof at large: and Theudas your Free-man; to whom, not long since, I imparted the inward affection of my minde: and to eue [...]ie one of these, I haue said many times; that wherein soeuer I could, I should bee glad to bee emploied by you, and your children; to whom I would haue you write, that they make vse of my en­deauours, counsell, goods, or person: for all these things being in my power, [...]hall neuer be wanting to them. If in autho [...]ity and fauour, I could preuaile so far, as I should preuaile in that Com­monwealth, of whom I haue so well deserued: you should also be the man, you were wont to be; that is, worthy of the high [...]st place of honor whatsoe­uer; and in your owne order, vndo [...]bt­edly reputed aboue all others. But be­cause in [...]he [...]elfe same time, and for the uery same occasion euery one of vs is fallen from high to low estate: I pro­mise you those things, which, before I told you, beeing as yet mine: and moreouer, those, which me thinks I do yet [...]eserue, as reliques of my former [Page 287] dignitie. Because Caesar hims [...]lfe, as in many things I discerne, rather-loueth me then otherwise: and almost all his familiar friends, whom I haue heereto­fore pleasured in matters of impor [...]āce, obse [...]ue, and honor me with all respect. Therefore if I may in any wise, pleasure you in your substance, that is, for your return, on which euerie thing depends: & euerie daie, by reason of their [...]ords, I am in more hope: I w [...]ll labour, and vse therein all diligence, without being requested. It boots not to descend vn­to particulars. What may bee done with singular affection, and great loue, that I promise you. But it imports mee much, that al your friends should know thus much; to the end they may bee assured, that Cicero will neuer faile Tre­batius, in whatsoeuer hee is able; and that they may thinke, there is nothing so difficult, but that in the effecting it for you, I shall hold my selfe fortunate. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 11.

I Would many times haue written to you, if I had had matter to write; For, when friends are in such a state, as you [Page 288] now are; one should not write vnto them, but to comfort them, and [...]o promise ayde, and benefit. To offer you comfort, seem'd not necessarie, vnderstanding by many, how resolute­ly, and wisely you support the iniutie of the times; and how much the since­ritie of your owne operations, and counsels doe comfort you. And if you doe this, you reape great fruite from vertuous [...]tudies; wherewith I know, you were euer delighted: and I earnest­ly exhort you, so to do. Besides this, though you are aboundant in exam­ples, as hauing turn'd ouer all ancient, and moderne histories: yet, I hauing more experience in the affaires of the world, then I would; as I haue lesse in studies, then I desire; vpon my credit, I promise you, that the hard state wher­in you now stand, & the wrongs done you, will quickely haue an end. For first hee, who can doe what hee will, becomes in my iudgement euery day more reasonable, and discends further into the nature of all things: besides the cause is so iust, that it necessarilie, together with the Common-wealth, which cannot alwaies languish, will rise vp againe, and resume vigor: and euery daie wee finde, more benignitie, and fauour then wee hop't for. Which things, because they many times de­pend, vpon a very little occasion of the [Page 289] times, wee will obserue all moments, and by as many meanes as is offered, seeke to helpe, and further you. Where­upon I hope, it will be more easie euery day, about the matter I formerly men­tioned, to write vnto you, and promise you helpe. and I will doe it more vvil­lingly with effects, then words. Be se­cure, that you will finde more-friends, then any banished man hath, or euer had, so far as I discerne: and yet you'le bee beloued of none, more then of my selfe. Carrie an inuincible, and resol­ued minde, which lies onely in your owne power. Things that remaine in the gouernment of Fortune, shall bee swayed by the times, and ruled by our directions. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 12.

BEfore this time, I onely lou'd Dolae [...]bella, but was no waies bound vn­to him; because I neuer had any occa­sion to vse him; and he stood obliged to me, because in his dangers, I neuer failed him. Now, hauing procur'd you, the restitution, euen as I desired; first of your substance, and then also of your countrie; he hath so interrested [Page 290] himselfe in me, that there is no man, to whom I hold my selfe more tied then to him. Wherein I reioyce with you after such a manner, as I would not haue you thanke me, but rather to bee ioyfull with me: your thanking of me being superfluous, and your reioycing most iust. Now, that your vertue and dignitie, haue opened vnto you the waie, to returne among your friends: like that wise, and magnanimious Gen­tleman, you are, you must forget what you haue lost, and remember what you haue reco [...]ered. You shall liue with your allies: you shall liue with your Friends. There is no comparison, be­twixt the losse of goods, and the pur­chase of honour you haue made. Nei­ther should your goods bee de [...]re vnto yo [...], the Common-wealth being in so miserable an esta [...]e. Our friend Vesto­rius writes vnto me, that you giue mee infinite thankes. I take it exceeding well, that you diuulge my benefit, and tha [...] among the rest our Syro knowes it. For those things which I doe, I would haue them pleasing to all wise men. I desire to see you out of hand. Farewell.

Cicero to Ampius Balbus. Epist. 13.

I reioyce with you, my Balbus, and vp­on iust occasion: neither am I so foo­lish, to feede you with vaine hope: least mocked thereby, you dare hope no more, after better fortune. I pleaded your cause with greater freedome; then my state required. For being enflamed, with honest charitie, and moued by that loue, which was euer common be­twixt vs, though my fauours were but weake, yet I haue compassed the end of our desire. Whatsoeuer concernes your returne, and safetie, all hath beene promised, confirmed, ratified, and esta­blished: I haue seene the effect: I haue procured it: I haue personallie interpo­sed my selfe therein. For all Caesars [...]riends conuerse much with me, and so well they like of my amitie, that next to him, they hold none more deare. Wherein I haue beene carefull accor­ding to the qualitie of the times pre­ [...]ent. Pa [...]sa, Hirtius, Balbus, Oppius, Matius, and Posthumius, wish mee all good. And if I had made this triall for my selfe, I should haue beene well [...]ontented, that I had effected so much, [...]n these times. Which came to passe [...]ecau [...]e I proceeded not with respect, [Page 292] as it seemes these present times require: And retaining old friendship with them, I haue preuailed for your good. But your good friend Pansa, desirous to doe me all kindenesse; being of no lesse authoritie, then fauour about Caesar; was he that fauoured me most aboue o­thers. Tillius Cimber also bare himselfe as well, as I could haue wish'd. But that which most imports, is, That Cae­sar willingly giues eare to them, that petition him, not through ambition, but for some iust, and due respect. And because Cimbers suites were of this na­ture, they haue sped better for you then they would haue done for any bodie else. We haue not yet obtained the Patent, because some men are so malicious vnto vs, as they would swel [...] with despight, that you, had obtaine [...] leaue to returne, whom they tearm [...] the Trumpet of the ciuill warre: min­ding thereby, to make shew, that the [...] tooke no pleasure, that a warre ensue [...] Wherefore I thought good, to proce [...] secretly, and to keepe the matter bu [...]ed. But by that time you shall re [...] these, I make no doubt but the [...] will be dispatched. And Pans [...], wh [...] is not a man of vaine words, hath pro­mis'd me, giuing me his faith, that with in few daies he will giue me the Pate [...] N [...]er [...]elesse, I thought good to wri [...] thus mu [...]h to you, that you might ha [...] [Page 293] some cause, to cheere vp your selfe: the words of A [...]pul [...]ia your wife, and the tears of Ampia your daughter, making me thinke, that you are not of so good comfort, as your letters demonstrate. And they beleeue, that themselues, not being with you, you will be much more assailed with pens [...]ue cogitations. And therefore, to rid you of all griefe, that might ceaze on your minde, I iudge no remedie could be better, then to giue you full notice of your deliuerie: which is most certaine. You know, that be­fore, when I wrote vnto you, I onely comforted you, as an inuincible, and wise man, but I gaue you no certaine hope of returning into your countrie, till the heate of this warre were quen­ched. Remember your letters, where­in you shewed a great minde, & fi [...]me, and constant to endure all accidents. Which seem'd no wonder to me, when I call'd to minde, that from a youth, you did negotiate in the Common­wealth; and it fell out that you had all your M [...]gistracies, in the greatest dan­gers of the same [...] and you entred into this warre, not onely with an intention to be happie, if you prou'd victor, but to bee wise, though you were van­quish't. Besides, spending all your studies, in celebrating the worthie acts of valiant men: you must consider, that you ought to do nothing, in which [Page 294] you should shew your selfe, vnlike to them. But these instructions were ra­ther to bee vsed, if you were in those miseries, from which you are now free'd. But now, resolue onely to to­lerate with vs these [inconueniences] which at this instant oppresse vs: to which if I found any medicine, I would also giue it vnto you. But there [...] no o­ther refuge, then learning and studies, wherein we haue alwaies exercis'd our selues: the which in prosperous For­tunes yeelded vs onely contentment, but now, with contentment, they giue vs life also. But to returne to the be­ginning, be assur'd, that your restituti­on is obtained. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Ligarius. Epist. 14.

THough in these your molestations, it was my part, to write vnto you sometimes, to comfort you, and to giue you assistance: neuerthelesse, I did it not hitherto, supposing that I could not either with words mitigate, or in any other maner extenuate your griefe. But seeing I conceiue great hope, that within a short time, you may compasse your returne into your country: I could [Page 295] not, but signifie vnto you, my opinion and desire. First there­fore I will write, that which I discerne, and see clearely; that Caesar will not be so bitter to you, as he hath beene hi­therto: because not onely the matter it selfe, the times, and the opinions of men; but, as I perceiue, his owne na­ture also, doth euery day, more and more mollifie him. This hope I con­ceiue, for all men, but for your person, I may haue it farre greater, being secu­red thereof, by his nearest fauorites: to whom since newes first came out of A­frica, I haue not ceased to sue, together with your brothers: who are so care­full to procure your returne, as I con­stantly beleeue, that Caesar seeing their valour, and singular affection towards you, will graunt what they would: and if the matter suffer some longer delay, then we could wish; it is, because we cannot haue audience from him, being exceedingly busied, in that hee must giue answere to so many demaunds. And moreouer, being prouoked against them, that haue renued the warre in A­frica, it seemes he hath a purpose to punish them longest, from whom he hath rec [...]iued longest trouble. And yet against these men also he growes euery day more pacified. Whereupon I pro­mise you, (and keepe in minde what I say) that you shall not continue in these [Page 296] perplexities any long time. Thus much touching my opinion. My loue I had rather should be manifest vnto you, by effects, then by words. And were I a­ble to doe as much as by right I should, in that common-wealth, of whom I haue so well deseru [...]d as you suppose: you should not remaine in so miserable an esta [...]e. But the same occasions haue depriued me both of power & fauour, which were vnto you the cause of you [...] afflictions. Neuerthelesse, looke what the shaddow of my former dignities can compasse; what I am able to per­ [...]orme, with that little authoritie that remaines vnto me, with my studie, with my coun [...]ell, with my endeuour, with my fauour, and with my affection; I will not faile to apply it whollie to you [...] benefit. Be of an inuincible spirit, as [...]uer you haue beene: F [...]rst, for the reasons aboue mentioned: and then, because you haue alwayes both coun­selled, and wrought so well for the Common-wealth, that now, you may not onely hope, for better fortune: but if you did meet with it quite contrarie, yet knowing that your counsels and actions haue alwaies beene laudable, you ought to support it, with valour, and constancie. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Ligarius. Epist. 15.

ASSVRE your selfe, that I striue with all labour, industrie, and af­fectio [...], to obtaine your returne into your countrie: For besides, that I euer bare you singular affection, the great pittie, and feruent loue, which your bre­thren shew towards yo [...]; to whom I am growne as friendly as to your selfe; permits not, that I should omit any kinde of office, or diligence, or let sl [...]p any occasion, to helpe you. But what I haue wrough [...] & compassed for you, I had rather you should vnder [...]tand by their letters, then mine owne. I will only write vnto you, what hopes I haue of your safetie, or rather, what I fi [...]me­ly b [...]leeue, and am s [...]re of. If euer there were a man timorous, in grea [...] and dan­gerous affaires, and that alwayes rather feares contrary euents, then hopes for prosperous, I am the man: and if this be a defect, I must confesse I haue it. Neuerthelesse you shall vnde [...]stand, that the last o [...] February, betimes in the morning, I going to speake with Caesar: and before I could be admitted in, ha­uing suffered all indigniti [...], and protra­ction, your brethren being prostrate at Caesars feete, and with them your kins­men, [Page 298] I spake whatsoeuer I thought fit­ting for your purpose: and not onely by Caesars answere, which truely, was fauourable, and courteous, but by his eyes, his countenance, and many other signes, which I could better discerne, then set downe in writing, I tooke such a conceit, as I esteeme your returne most certaine. Be of good cheere there­fore, and seeing you wisely supported, the more tempestuous times; beare these also chearefully, that begin to be more temperate. Yet beleeue not, that I w [...]ll abate a whit of my vsuall dili­gence: rather I'le follow your matters, as if they stood vpon the worst termes: and not onely to Caesar, but to all his friends also, whom I know very louing vnto me, I will, as hitherto I haue done, preferre earnest supplications, for your safetie. Farewell.

Cicero to Basilius. Ep. 16.

I Congratulate with you: I reioyce with my selfe: I loue you; I protect your affaires: I desire to be certified of your loue to me; and of the newes of your selfe, and of those quarters. Fare­well.

Bithynicus to Cicero. Ep. 17.

IF there were no [...] betweene vs in par­ticular many iust, and worthie occa­sions of friendship, I would rip the be­ginn [...]ngs thereof, euen from our Fa­the [...]s: which I will leaue to them to do, who haue no [...] with good offices pre­serued paternall amitie. And therefore I'le content my selfe, with our friend­ship: which animateth me to entreat you, that you would assist me, in my absence, wherein soeuer need shall re­quire: if you stand not in doubt, that I will forget your cour [...]esie. Farewell.

Cicero to Bithynicus. Ep. 18.

FOR many respects, I desire once more to see the Common-wealth in b [...]tter es [...]ate: but especially that I might be comforted, by that, which you promise me: in that you write, if this should [...]ome to passe, you will be euer with me. It contents me, that you carry such a mind, and the same, our in­ward friendship requires; and that o­pi [...]ion, which vvas sometimes held of me, by tha [...] most rare man your father. For I will not deny, but that they, to whom Fortune hath giuen much pow­er, [Page 300] by the greatnesse of benefits, may intimate themselues with you, more then I am able: but beleeue not, that a­ny can loue you aboue my selfe. There­fore I shall be glad, that you preserue the memorie of our friendship, and af­fect also, to augment it. Farewell.

Cicero to Lepta. Ep. 19.

HAuing seene, what you wrote in one of yours, that I r [...]ceiued from your Seleucus, I presently sent a note to Balbus, that hee would let mee know what the Law was [ [...]n that poynt.] He answered mee, that it forbad, that any one, which was at that present Praeco, sh [...]uld be made Decurio: bu [...] not one that had beene so in former times. So tha [...], let [...]hese our friends bee of good comfort. For indeed, it were too hard a case; That whereas in R [...]m [...], the Sena­torian dignitie, was conferred euen vp­on [...]he Ha [...]uspices: one might not in a free incorpora [...]ion, be a D [...]curio, that in former times had borne office of Praeco: There is no newes out of Spaine, but take this for certaine, that Pompeius hath a great armie. For Caesar himselfe sent me a copie of a letter, of Pat [...]etu [...], which relates, [...]hat he hath ele­uen [Page 301] Legions. Besides this, M [...]ssalla wrote to Quintus Salassus, how Pom­peius put to death, in the sight of the Armie, Quintus C [...]rtius, his brother, be­cause he had accorded with some Spa­niards, if Pomp [...]ius went to a certaine towne, whither hee resolued to goe, a­bout the prouision of corne; to carrie h [...]m prisoner to Caesar [...] Whereas, you write vnto me, of the securitie you put in for Pompeius: if Balbus, who promi­sed in your companie, and is a man di­ligent enough, in matter of his owne benefit, hee re [...]urned out of the Coun­trey, I will not cease to speake to him the [...]eof, to bring the matter to an end: whereof hee seemed to conc [...]iue great hope. I am exceeding glad, that my booke of The perfect Orat [...]r, so pleaseth you. Certainely, I perswade my selfe, that I haue employ [...]d therein, all the iudgement I haue, about the Art of an Orator. And if it be such, as you write it seemes vnto you, there is some mat­ter in mee also: if otherwise, I deny not, but so much may bee taken from the opinion of my iudgement, as is in that booke defectiue. I would haue our Lep [...]a begin to bee delighted, with such like compositions. For, although he hath not yet that iudgement, which yee [...]es will bring vpon him; yet will it not be without great benefit, if he inure His eares to such like accents. I am not [Page 302] yet gone out of Rome, b [...]cause my daughter lay in. Now, though she be, as I hope, in good state, yet will I not depart, till I haue receiued of Dolobella, the first pension. And to confesse vnto you the truth, I delight no more to goe abroad, as I was wont; I tooke plea­sure to visit my Farmes, and to separate my selfe from occupations: now, I haue a house in Rome, which in beautie, is in­feriour to none of my country buil­dings; and I am as free from employ­ments, as if I were in the most solitarie place of this world: and I may studie as much as I will, for no man hinders me: therefore I thinke to see you soo­ner here, then you mee there. Procure that our [young] Lepta, may get Hesio­dus without booke, and let him haue e­uer in his mouth.

Cicero to Lepta. Ep. 20.

IT likes mee well, that Macula hath done this dutie; I euer approued of his wine of [...]ale [...]m, for entertain­ment, so there were house-roome e­nough, [Page 303] to lodge my companie. For o­ther matters, the place contents mee very well, but yet I will not forbeare to come to Petrinum, because both the village, and the seat, is so pleasant, that both one, and other inuites men, not onely to lodge, but to remaine there al­waies. Whereas you write vnto mee, that I should procure you to haue the charge, of some of those festiuities, which are to be celebrated in the coun­tries: I haue talked therof, with Oppius: for I saw not Balbus, since your depar­ture, being so troubled with a paine in his feet, that he comes not abroad. But you should doe much more wisely, not to seeke these employments; for you cannot by this, colour your designes: Caesars friends being multiplied in such aboundance, that hee rather leaues some, then lets any new ones take place; especially if hee bring nothing but endeauour. wherein he will think, that hee hath done you a fauour, yea, though hee should know, that you did not receiue it. Neuerthelesse, wee'l see what hope there is: for if there be none, I would aduise you rather, to estrange your thoughts from it, then to haue a desire thereof. I thinke to stay some daies in Astura, till Caesar comes thi­ther. Farewell.

Cicero to Toranius. Ep. 21.

HAuing written vnto you, three dayes since, by the seruants of C [...]eius Plancius, I will now bee short: and, whereas before I comforted; now Ile aduertise you. I thinke you cannot doe better, then stay where you are, till you bee certaine what you are to doe. For besides, that you shall auoyd the danger, you might incur, by sayling in the winter, so many daies, thorow a tempestuous sea: and besides [...]hat, when you shall heare certain newes, you may depart at your own pleasure: you haue no cause, to be so desirous to goe meet Caesar: and moreouer, I am affraid of many things, whereof I rea [...]oned with our friend Chilo: and to bring many words within a small compasse: during these euils, you could not bee in a more conuenient place, hauing opportunitie to turne your selfe, whither soeuer ne­cessity cals you. And, if he coms hither, you shall haue time to meet him And, if any thing hinder him, or prolong his comming (as many accidents may fall ou [...]) you shall be in a place, where you may vnderstand all newes. Thus think I, and I aduise you not to do otherwise. For the r [...]st, be assured, as many times I haue written for your comfort, that in [Page 305] your case, you neede to [...]eare nothing, besides the common ruine of the whole Citie; which though it bee greeuous to tolerate, yet we haue liu'd in such man­ner, and are of that age; as wee ought valian [...]ly to beare all aduersities, which may happen, without our fault. All your friends are here in health, & with hearty affection, they desire, loue, and reuerence you. Looke vnto the preser­uation of your health, and stir not from thence, to no purpose.

Cicero to Toranius. Epist. 22.

ALthough 'tis thought, that the end of this pes [...]iferous warre is now at hand, or that some effect hath ensued; yet I cannot, but daily thinke, how you alone, in so great an armie, should be of the same opinion I am: And that wee onely, saw wha [...] ill was in that warre; wherein, all hope of peace excluded, the victorie it selfe must needs be terri­ble, which brought death, if you were vanquished; if Victor, the yoke of seruitude. Whereupon I, whom those valiant and wise men, the Domitij, and Lentuli, then said was timorous (as in­deed [Page 306] I was; for I fear'd what came to passe) doe now feare nothing, and am prepared against euerie accident. when I supposed, that some part of the los­ses, which afterwards wee sustained, might haue beene preuented; th [...]n I greeued, that they prouided not for the same. But now, e [...]erie thing being rui­nated, no councell auailing vs, there re­maines no other remedie, b [...]t with pa­tience to support all euents: especially death; being the last period of humane miseries. And I knowing, that I haue laboured to maintaine the dignitie of the Common-wealth, so long as I could; and able to do no more; I haue endeuoured at least, the preseruation of her safety. This I haue written, not to vse speech of my selfe, but to giue you occasion to think theron; you euer ha­uing wished, & aduised the same, that I did. For 'tis a singular comfort, when a man cals to mind, that though the con­trary hapned, neuerthelesse, that he al­wayes perswaded that, which reason & conscience did read vnto him, And I would to God, that we might once see the Common-wealth, in some state; and that enioying each other, we may com­pare our afflictions together, which we then suffered, when we were reputed timor [...]us, because we foretold those things which haue ensued. As for your affaires, be assured, that you haue no [Page 307] cause, to feare any other thing, but the generall ruine of the Common-wealth. Of me constantly beleeue, that where­in I may be assisting to you, your safe­tie, and to your children; I will euer be readie, with the greatest care, and dili­gence possible. Farewell.

Cicero to Domitius. Ep. 23.

IF I haue not written to you, since your comming into Italie; the reason onely was, because I could promise you nothing; being in so miserable an e­state: neither could I aduise you, my selfe wanting councell: and in so grie­uous tribulations, I found no m [...]nner of comfort to giue you. And though matters are not now a whit bettered, but stand in worser tearmes then be­fore: yet I tooke occasion rather to write without matter, [...]hen not to write at all. Though you were one of those, that sought to labour more for the Common-wealth, then their power would permit: neuerthelesse, in what I could, I would exhort you, to liue with [Page 308] those conditions, which may be gran­ted you. Bu [...], hauing impos'd th [...]t end to your resolute, and commendable councell, which Fortune will haue to be the bounds of our contentions: I pr [...]y, and coniure you, by our entire, and auncient amitie, and by that great loue we beare one another, that for my comfort, your Fathers, your mo [...]he [...]s, your wiues, and all your progenies, [...]o whom you are, and euer were most deare; to preserue your selfe; and to haue a care of that which may turne to the good of your estate, and of those that depend on you. Now is the time to reduce to action, the documents which with long studie you haue learn'd out of the writings of wise men. In doing of which, you shall support, though not willingly, at le [...]st with pa­tience, the desire of those f [...]iends you haue lost. I know not mine ovvne worth: nay, I conceiue my worth to be but small; but neuerthelesse I pro­mise you, that I will as effectually la­bou [...] that, vvhich I thinke may stand with your safetie, and dignitie, as you vvith singular industrie and loue, euer proseq [...]uted my occasions. And this my good will, I haue manifested to your most louing mother, a woman of great bountie, and goodnesse. If you commit any thing to [...]e; I will doe [Page 309] whatsoeuer I may imagine, stands to your liking. And also if you write not vnto me; I vvill notwithstanding with all care, and diligence doe, what-soeu [...]r I see may re­dound to your benefit. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 1.

IF any bodily griefe, or your vsuall indisposition hath detain'd you, from comming to the publike sports; I ascribe it rather to Fortune, then to your wisedome. But if you reputed these things vaine, vvhich by others haue beene admired; and being [...]ble, yet vvould not come: [Page 312] the one, and other please me well; both that you are healthfull of bodie; and that you had so prudent a minde, in contemning those things, which others admire vvithout cause; so that, you haue reaped the fruit of your vacancie, vvhich you might wonderfully enio [...], remaining as it were alone, in that Pa­radise. Neither doe I therefore doubt, but you spend all the morning, in rea­ding, and studying in that roome of yours, from whence you may disce [...]e, Stabi [...]num, & Sei [...]num. At which time, they that left you there, being drovvs [...]e, beheld amongst the multitude, those, vvhich represented Comedies. The o­ther houres of the day, you after spent in those pleasures, that for your recrea­tion you made choice of: vvheras vve, vvere vr'gd, to heare the Comedies, vvhich Publius Maecius forsoo [...]h appro­ued of. In truth, if you desire, I should tell you; I must needs say, the sports vvere as honourabl [...]e set forth as might be, but not to your liking [...] vvhereof I iudge according to mine ovvne incli­nation. First, for greater honour to the Festiuitie; they return'd to the Stage, who, I thought, for their reputations sake, had left it. Then our Aesope, who so much delights you, bare him selfe so ill, as he should haue done euery man a fauour, not to haue gone forward in his part; for hauing begunne to sweare, [Page 313] his voyce fail'd him in that [very] place, If I commit any dec [...]it wittingly. I need not describe the rest vnto you, you knowing how the other playes are. Neither need I to tell you that they had not the pleasing, or gratefull spe [...]ches of ordinary playes. For the pomp tooke away the pleasure; and I am most sure, you wil be very glad you saw it not. For, to see 600. Mules in [the Tragedie of] Clytemne [...]ra; or three thousand stand­ing cups in a Troi [...]ne horse; or sundrie armed showes of horse, and foot, in a battaile; what delight yeelds it? the vul­gar admire these things, but they would no vvaies haue contented you. If in those d [...]ies you made your Protoge [...]es read vnto you, so he read not my Ora­tions, vndoubtedly you found [...]a [...]re sweeter recreation, then any of vs. F [...]r as for the Graecian, or Oscian sports, I thinke you neuer desir'd to see them, in that you may see the Oscian, in our Se­nate; and the Grae [...]ian you so detest, that you accustome not to goe to your countrie Farme by the Greeke way. And why should I imagine, that you desire to see the Champions, when you would neuer see the Fencers? wherein Pompeius himselfe confesseth, that he hath meerely lost his time, and charge, in exercising them. Besides this: For [...]iue whole dayes, I denie not but there we [...]e euery day two magnifi­cent [Page 314] baytings; but what pleasure can an vnderstanding man take, when by a forcible and strong beast a weake man is torne in peeces; or when a goodlie beast, is with a speare goared through, from one side to the other? These things if they were worthie of sight, thou hast seene them more then once: and we that haue be [...]ne there befo [...]e, saw nothing new or strange. The last day, was of the Elephants: who, stroke the people into great wonder, but gaue no delight; rather a compassion: and men in some sort thought, that, that kinde beast, did participate of humane nature. But because you may not ima­gine, but that in those dayes, I was not onely happie, but free: I will not forget to aduertise you, how at the same [...]ime, when the Comedies were represented, I was like to breake with the paines, I tooke in de [...]ending the cause of Gallus Caninius, your familiar friend. And if the people fauour'd me, as highly as they did Aesope; before God, I vvould leaue the art willingly, and liue with you, and our equals. For if this kind of life, did not please me, then, vvhen both my yeares, and ambition, excited m [...] to follow it; and when I was not bound to defend any, but such as I thought well of; neither was I bound to defend whom I would not, now I am so weary of it, that I can follow it no more. For [Page 315] I expect no fruit of my labours; and sometimes I am enforced, to defend such an one, as hath done me an iniu­rie, at their entreati [...]s, that haue bene­fitted me. Wherefore, I daily cast a­bout, how I may one day liue, after mine owne humour: and I cannot ex­presse vnto you, how praise vvorthie I hold your resolution; and how I am sa­tisfied to see you liue so retired. And I grieue the lesse, for your comming so seldome to see vs, for if you vvere at Rome, neither could I enioy your sweete conuersatiō, nor you make vse of mine, be it what it will be, by reason of my troublesome negotiations: from which if I can but ease my selfe, (for I seeke not to be altogether free'd,) I haue a mind not onely to teach others, but your selfe also; vvho for so many years, haue studied nothing else, what that life is, which may truely be call'd a life. At­tend you as you doe, to maintaine, and preserue your selfe, in this your weake constitution: to the end that we may visite our countrie houses together, and at ease, range vp and downe, here and there, in our Litters. I haue beene lon­ger then I vse to be; not through the a­boundance of my time, but out of loue: you hauing halfe inuited me in a cer­taine Epistle, to write somewhat, which might make you not repent, that you were not at the sports. Wherein if I [Page 316] haue giuen you satisfaction, I am glad: if not, I will be of good hope, that an other time you will come to see th [...]m, and visite vs; not expecting, that my letters should herein giue you full con­tentment. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 2.

I Will diligently performe what you enioyne me: but certainely you were verie circumspect to commit the enter­prise to one, who for his owne inter [...]st, desires, that the thi [...]g may be sold very deare: but you shew'd wit in limitting me the price, for which, I was to buy it. For if you had referr'd your selfe to me; as my loue is towa [...]ds you, I would haue enioyn'd my coheires to haue giuen you satisfaction therein. But now I know what you will spend, I will vn­de [...]hand send a person, that shall offer neare your price: that th [...]re be no sale made vnder the price you offer: But no more iest [...]ng. I will obserue you with that dilig [...]nce, which I ought. As for Bursa, I am sure, you receiue great con­tentment; but you reioyce [...]oo coldly with me; supposing [...] as you write, that by [...]eason of his ignobilitie I esteeme [Page 317] the mirth the lesse, Be assured, that I was more ioyfull at [...]his sentence, then when Clodius was slaine. First, because I loue rather to ouercome with reason, then with armes: then, because it is pleasing to me to ouercome rather with the glorie, then [...]ne of my freind. And aboue all, it lik'd mee, that good Citi­zens haue manifested so great affection to me, though they perceiu [...]d in oppo­sition, the preualent practises, and in­finite desire of Pompeius, a man so ho­norable, and potent. Last of all, which could scarcelie seeme probable, I wish't worse to this man, then to Clodius himselfe: For [...]o Clodius, in opposing him, I had done an inurie: and to [...]his defending him, a benefit: and Clodius aimed at an high enterprize, s [...]eing all the Commonwealth was to runne the same Fortune with me; neither did hee mo [...]e of himselfe, but through their ass [...]stance, who, I being safe, could not bee s [...]fe themselues. But this fooli [...] creature, for his recre [...]tion, went about to molest me: and made some that en­uied m [...]e, beleeu [...], that hee would al­waies be galling of me. I pray there­fore reioyce exceedinglie. A great victorie is obtained. There were neuer more resolued Cittizens then they, who durst attempt to condemne him, against Pompeius power, who had cho­sen them for his i [...]dges; which they [Page 318] would, neuer haue done, if they had not beene touched at the heart, with my passion. Wee are so incombred heere, with aboundanc [...] of Iudges, and new lawes; that euerie day wee praie that some suspension follow not, to the end that, as soons as may be, wee may see you. Farewell.

Cic [...]ro to Marcus Marius. Epist. 3.

WHEN I consider, (as many times I doe) on the common miseries, wherein for so mani [...] yeares w [...]e haue liued; and for any thing I see, are like st [...]ll [...]o liue; I call to minde that t [...]me, when w [...] were last together. Nay, I remember the day it selfe: For on the xiii. of May, in the yeere, when L [...]an [...]u­lus and Marcellus were Consuls; I comming in the euening into Pompeia­num, you came presently vnto me, with a minde much troubled; A [...]d the griefe did arise partly from thinking on my office; and in part also for my danger. If I remained in Italie, you doubted least I should faile in my office: and if I went to the ciuill war; you feared I should runne in [...]o some imminent perill. At which time you [Page 319] might perceiue me also, [...]o disturb'd, and depriued of all counsell, that I knew not how to elect the best. Ne­uerthelesse, I chose rather to yeelde to the feare of infamie, then to respect mine owne safetie. Which afterwards I grieued at; not so much for feare of d [...]nger, as for [...]he many defects I found there, whither I was gone. First, the Armie was but little and weake: then, except the Captaine, and some few o­thers, (I speake o [...] the chiefest) the rest were in the warre it selfe so rauenous, and in wo [...]ds so cont [...]melious, that the victorie it selfe astonish [...]t mee. I may further adde, that the honourablest Cittizens, of our parts, were much charged with debt, What should I say more? The [...]e was nothing else good; but the occasion of the enter­prise. Which hauing obs [...]rued, I di­spairing of victorie, first began to counsell [...] peace, as alwaies my custome was. Then Pompeius being ve [...]y farre from this opinion, I began to a [...]e him, to draw the warre out at length. Whereunto sometimes hee consent [...]d, and said he would doe it; and wo [...]ld peraduenture haue so done, if after a certaine encounter, he had not growen too confident in the force of his soul­diers: neither afterwards, did that man, so highly euer esteemed, any thing beseeming a good Captaine. [Page 320] With a new Armie, raised in diuerse places, hee ioyned battaile, with tough and lustie souldiers. Whereupon re­maining vanquished, and hauing lost, euen his lodging Tents, alone re­proachfully, hee betooke himselfe to flight. And this was my end of the warre: it appearing vnlikely to mee, that being so broken, wee could rest victors, in [...]hat wee were not equall, when we were most entire. I departed from that warre, wherein it was neces­sarie, either by fighting to die; or to light vpon some trecheries; or fall into the hands of the vanquisher; or haue recourse to King Iuba; or to bee retir'd into voluntarie banishment; or else make choice to kill my selfe. Certaine­ly nothing else could thereon ensue; being neither willing, nor daring, to put thy selfe into the Conquerours hands. But of all the foresaid discom­modities, there was none more tolle­rable then exile; especiallie to him that is innocent; when no further infamie concurr'd therein: and when you are depriu'd of that Cittie, where you can behold nothing without griefe. I made choice to liue amongst my friends, (if one may say, that any man hath now right in any thing) & yet I was pleas'd, to be with my friends. I prognostica­ted what did afterwards ensue. I came home, not with hope to remaine there [Page 321] very contented; but so there were any forme of a Common-wealth, to be re­sident as it were in my countrie: if there were not; to liue as it were in banish­ment. Me thought I had no occasion, to offer my selfe death; yet many, to desire it. For we commonl [...] say, that a man should no longer esteeme his life, when hee is no more the same man h [...]e was. But notwithstanding to be guilt­lesse, is a great [...]x [...]nuation of afflicti­on: [...]speci [...]lly hauing two things for my sustentation, the knowledge of the most commend [...]d arts; and the glorie atchiued by my worth; t [...]e one of which cannot be taken away from mee in life; nor the o [...]her after death. I haue beene trouble [...]ome to you, with this so tedious a discourse; b [...]t knowing you to be most louing to me, and the Com­monwealth, I meant absolutely to lay open my minde vnto you: first, to shew you, how I neuer would condiscend, that the power of one Cittizen should be greater [...] then of the whole Com­monweal [...]h. But after that through some mans fault the forces of one par­ticular man so encreased, that there was no meanes to resist him, I affected peace: and the Armie being lost, and that Captaine in whom our hopes did liue; my desi [...]e was, that all the rest, should haue giuen ouer the warre; but not obtaining this my selfe alone le [...]t it: [Page 322] and now if this be a Citie, I make ac­count to be a cittizen; if it bee not, I suppose my selfe to bee an exile, in a place, where I remaine in no worse condition, then if I were in Rhodes, or Mitylene. I desir'd rather to haue dis­coursed of these things with you face to face; but because I saw, I should not so soone finde opportunitie, I thought good now to write them: to the end that if you chance to bee in any place, where any speake sinisterly of me, you may know how to defend me. For there are some, who, though my death would no waies aduantage the Common­wealth; yet they thinke it a great sinne, that I doe liue. And these men, I am certaine, thinke the number of them that were slaine in this warre, to be very small: who if they had followed my aduise, though with vniust peace, yet with honour, they might haue liued. For they should haue beene inferior in armes onely, but not in equitie. Heere is a longer Epistle then peraduenture you d [...]sired; and I [...]all beleeue you take it so, except you write me another longer. If I can dispatch some busi­nesses of mine owne, I hope shortly I shall see you. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 4.

THE xiiii. [of this present.] I came into Gumanum with our Libo: I thinke presently [...]o goe to Pompeianum. But I'le first let you know of it. I de­sire, that you should be alwaies health­full; but more questionl [...]sse while wee are [...]ogether. For you see we shall short­ly meet. Wherefore if you determined to applie any remedie to the gowte, de­ferre it while another time. Be carefull there [...]ore of your health, and expect me within two, or three daies. Fare­well.

Cicero to Caius Caesar Imperator. Epist. 5.

BEhold, how secure I am, that your minde is no wa [...]es different from mine, not onely in my owne occasions, but also in those of my frends. I thought to haue brought Caius Tr [...]batius in my companie, whither soeuer I went, with an intent to do him all the honour and fauours, that possiblie I could: But see­ing Pompeius iourney growes much [Page 324] longer then I supposed: and in that I may easily, for a ce [...]taine suspition that you are priuie to, either stay, or at least prolong my depar [...]ure: see what securitie I repose in you: I haue begun to resolue that Treba [...]ius shall attend for that from you, which hee hoped for from me: and I haue promised him no lesse, in your good affection, then I was wont to assure him of mine owne. But there hath happened a wonderfull acci­dent, as it were to assure mee, that my conceite was not vaine; and to secure me of your fauour. For our [...]riend B [...]lbus, being in my house; and I spea­king affectionately to him, of the fore­said Trebatius, a letter of your [...] was brought me, in the end of whi [...]h you wrote thus: I will make Marcus Furius, whom you commend vnto mee, either k [...]ng of Gall, or L [...]pta's Ambassabour. If you please, send mee another, that may for your sake, be honoured. I and Balbus blisse ourselues, that this should happen at such a time, as it seemed not fallen out by chance, [...]ut euen sent from heauen. Behold therefore, I send vnto you Trebatius; and so much the more willinglie, because besides mine owne desire you inuite me to send him also. I entreat you my Caesar, to em­brace him with that humanitie, which is so incident to your owne natur [...], and to conferre those benefits vpon him [Page 325] alone, which for my sake, you would procure any friend of mine. And this I assure you in his behalfe, not with my old manner of speech, whereat writing to you, of Milo, you worthily laughed: but after the Roman manner, as discreet man speake; that there is no man, that in bountie, valour, or modestie, goes beyond him; whereunto may bee ad­ded, for the greater ornament of his o­ther qualities, a singular memorie, and perfect knowledge of that, which ap­pe [...]taines to the gouernment of Ci [...]ies. I doe not require you, to make him a Praefect, or a Tribune, or to giue him any oth [...]r dignitie, onely I desire, that you would loue him, and vouchsafe him your accustomed courtesie. And y [...]t, I shall not take it [...]ll, if you please to aduance him, with such like titles of glory. And fin [...]lly, ridding him, as they say, out of mine owne ha [...]ds, I put him into yours, so famous for victorie, and promise obserued. But it may be, I vse more ceremonies in this, then your courteous disposition comporteth: But for those, I doubt not, but wee shall finde a fitter opportunitie hereafter. Be carefull of your health; and continue the loue you beare me. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 6.

I Neuer write to Caesar, nor Balbus, but I recommend you; and that not with cold, but with such feruent words, as they giue great notice of the loue, which I professe vnto you. But I pray you, shake off these fantasies, and that same humour of returning to a Citie life: and with care, and resolution, striue to obtaine that you hoped for, vpon your departure. And wee your friends will as readily pardon this, as those noble and rich Matrones pardoned Medea, that inhabited in the high Castle of Corinthus: whom, with her white hand, she made beleeue, that they ought not to reprehend her, be­cause she liu'd remote from her Coun­trey.

Among which, questionlesse, you had beene one, if we by violence, had not driuen you from hence. But another [Page 327] time, I'le write more at large. Now, you that haue studied to open other mens eyes, open so your owne, that you be not deceiued by the Charretiers of Britannia. And [...] seeing I haue begun to enter into that passage of Medea, reser [...]e this alwaies in your minde; That hee's not wise, that's not wise for his owne profit. Looke to your health.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 7.

I Forget not to recommend you: but I would faine heare from you some­thing, about the effects thereof. I haue great hope in Balbus; to whom I often write effectually of you. I wonder much, that when I receiue letters from my brother, you write not to mee. I vnderstand, that in Britannia, there's neither gold, nor [...]iluer: if it bee so, I would wish you out of hand, to take a charriot, and retu [...]ne presently to vs: but in case, that without Britannia, we may compasse our intention, seeke to thrust in, amongst Caesars Familiars. Wherein my brother, and Balbus, will greatly assist you; but assuredly, more your owne modestie, and deserts. You serue one, who, besides many meanes [Page 328] that he hath to prefer you, is by nature most liberall. You are of an age verie apt to serue him. And by mee, most assuredly, you are recommended with all efficacie: so that you neede to feare but one thing, [which is] that you neg­lect not your selfe. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 8.

CAESAR hath written very friend­ly vnto me, how you haue yet no great familiari [...]ie with him, in regard of his great employments; but that with­out faile, you shal haue hereafter. And I returned answ [...]r vnto him, how accep­table euerie fauour and courtesie that he did for you [...] would be vnto me. But in your letters, I obserue too great haste; and I cannot conc [...]iue, why you refused the benefit of the Tribune­ship, [...]specially in that you should haue beene fre [...] from the trouble of execu­ting it. I will expostulate thereof, with Vacerra, and Ma [...]ilius, but not with Corneliu [...] [...] because, confessing, that you were instructed by him, you cannot commit an errour without some impu­tation to himselfe. I pray, make vse of this opportunitie and occasion, for you [Page 329] will neuer finde a better. Concerning what you write vnto mee, about that Doctor Pretianus, I cease not to re­member you to him. And hee in like manner writes to mee, that you haue occasion to bee beholding to him. I would faine know wherein: and I look that you should write often to mee out of Britannia. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 9.

THese many daies I know not what you doe; for you write nothing to me, nor for these two moneths haue I written to you. Seeing you were not with my brother Quintus, I knew not whether, nor by whom to write, I de­sire to know, where you are, and where you meane to winter. I could bee glad it were with Caesar: but I durst not write to him thereof, knowing how discontented hee is now: but I haue written of it to Balbus. See you bee not forget­ [...]ull of your selfe, and returne a little the later, to returne the richer: you need not make haste to come hither, especially Vacerra being dead. But you want no counsell. I would faine know, what resolution you haue vndertaken. [Page 330] Cneius Octauius, or whether it be Cn [...]iu [...] Cornelius, your familiar friend, borne of a noble family, of which no man hath notice; knowing that I am your friend, inuites mee often to supper with him. But hitherto hee could neuer bring mee thither; and yet I accept of his good will. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 10.

I Haue read your letters, by which I vnderstood, how our Caesar is of opi­nion, th [...]t in the knowledge of the Lawes you are very profound. You haue cause to reioyce, that you are got­ten into a Country, wh [...]re it is thought you know somewhat. And if you had also gone into Britannia, vndoubtedly, in that so great an Island, you would not haue met with your equall. But neuerth [...]lesse (I may well laugh, seeing you inuite me to it) I beare you a kinde of enuie, that you were called by him, to whose friendship [...] not through any pride in himselfe, but by reason of his many negotiations, others cannot at­taine. But in these letters, you write no­thing to me of your affaires, which certainely touch me, as neerely as mine [Page 331] owne. I am aff [...]aid, lest this winter, you be frozen, and therefore I wish you, to keepe alwayes a good fire. Mucius, and Manilius concur with me in this opini­on, as they that know, that you are not very well furnished with clothes: though I heare, that you in those parts, meet with them that set you on heat. Through which aduertisement, I fea­red much your occasions. But you are much more circumspect in the Art of war, then in pleading. For, though you can swim excellent well, yet you were not willing to swim in the Ocean, nor to see the Charretiers of Britannia: al­though, when you were at Rome, you neuer fail'd to goe see them run, and manage horses. How effectually I haue written to Caesar in your behalfe, your selfe knowes: how often, I know. It is true, that for this many daies, I dis­charg'd not this office; onely because I would not seeme, to distrust in his infi­nite courtesie, a [...]d of the singular affe­ction that he beares me; notwithstan­ding, in these last that I wrot, I thought to renue your recommendation to him. And I would bee glad to know, what I haue wrought, and withall of your estate, and all your designes. And therefore I desire to know, what you doe, what you expect, and how long you thinke, to liue from vs: and bee assured, that I cannot endure your ab­senc [...], [Page 332] if I perceiue not, that it is [...]o [...] your good. For otherwi [...]e, we are both the foolishest men in the world: I, be­cause I seeke not to draw you to Rom [...]; you, because you come not away fly­ing. One meeting that we haue toge­ther, whether it bee about graue, or ie­sting matters; is certainly mor [...] worth; then, not onely our enemies, but the very Ed [...]i our brethren. And therefore let me know all, as soone as you can: For, by comfort [...] counsell, or effe [...]t, I'le f [...]r­ther you. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 11.

IF you were not a [...]readie departed from Rome, you would now certain­ly haue a desire to leaue it. For in so many Interr [...]gnum's, vvho hath need of a Lawyer? I would aduise all Doctors, to demand two Aduocateships of euery Interrex. Doe you not thinke that I am a great proficient in your Law termes? But tell me, vvhat doe you? how goe matters? for I see, that you beginne to iest. These signes are better, then the Statues of my Tusculanum, the vvhich vve also cal signes. But I desire to know, vvhat this imports. You write, that Cae­sar takes your Councell: I would be [Page 333] gladder, that he tooke counsell of him­selfe, to doe you some good. And if he doe it, or that you hope he will doe it, beare with this warre, and leaue it not. For I, with the hope of your benefit, vvill moderate my desire of seeing you. But if you see no way, to enrich your selfe there, returne to Rome: For here, either you shall at one time or other get somewhat; or if not, one discourse be­twixt vs, will questionlesse bee worth more, then all the Samarobri [...]ae that are in the worl [...]. Besides, if you returne presently: you shall minister no great matter of rumour, or talke; but if you continue long abroad, without anie profit, I am much affraid, not onely of L [...]b [...]rius, but of Valerius also our com­panion; For, in a Comedie, the person of a Doctor of Britannia may fitly bee represented. Doe you laugh? I laugh not; but, of a most important matter, as my vse is, I write iestingly vnto you. But now to lay aside all iests, I most lo­uingly entreat you, if by the meanes of my letters, you be honored, as you de­serue, that you will curbe the desire of being with vs, and seeke to [...]ugment your reputation, and benefit. But if mat­ters goe ill forward, returne hither. But be c [...]rtaine, that with your own wo [...]th, and with those offices I performe, in recommending you most effectuallie, you shall obtaine the end of all your de­sires. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 12.

I Could not imagine the cause, why you gaue ouer writing to me. But my friend Panfa tells me, that you are be­come an Epicurean. Oh! what [...] ho­norable warre? what would you haue done, if I had sent you to Tarentum, and no [...] to Samarobrina? I neuer liked you since, you commended the li [...]e where­unto Titius also my familiar acquain­tance, meant to applie himselfe. But how will you defend ciuill equitie, do­ing euery thing for your owne i [...]t [...]rest, and nothing for your cittizens? vvhat vvill that part of the law benefit you, vvhich commands, that amo [...]gst good men, promise be kept? how can he be a good man, that does nothing for any man, but himselfe? how will you shew, that, that which is common ought to be deuided: if they which onely respect their owne delight, will haue nothing common? How would you haue men sweare by Ioue [...] if you thinke that Ioue cannot be angrie, with any bodie? And how shall the people of the Vlubrans doe, if you be of opinion, that a man must take no care of publicke things? I am therefore verie sorrie, if it be true, that you are entred into the schoole E­picur [...]s: but if you counterfeit, to humor [Page 335] Pan [...]a, for your profit; I excuse you: so you will sometimes vvrite, what you doe, and what you would haue me doe, or procure for you. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 13.

HOw come you to conceiue, that I should be so vnreasonable, as to be angrie with you, because you seem­ed so instable, and desirous to returne to Rome; and that for this cause, I for­bare long time to write vnto you? It's true, that the g [...]iefe and discontentment of your minde, which I perc [...]iued in your first letters, troubled mee verie much. But I omitted to write vnto you, for no other cause, but because I knew not where you were, and yet you complaine, and accept not of my ex­cuse. Alas! I pray tell me my Tribatius, is it money that makes you so presump­tuous? or is it because Caesar, so great a Captaine employes you? I would I might die, if I doe not thinke, (such is your vaine-glorie) that you had rather be employed by Caesar, then to bee gil­ded ouer with gold. But be it the one and the other; who will support your pride, besides my selfe, who am a man apt to endure euery thing? But to re­ [...]urne to my purpose, I am very glad, [Page 336] that you remaine there so willingly: and as your former discontentment was grieuous to me, so now I am de­lighted, to see you con [...]ented. Onelie I am in doubt, that your Art, will helpe you but little. For I vnd [...]rstood, that there,

And you are not a man, to maintaine quarrells: nay, I know you to bee so modest, that your aduersari [...]s cannot put in this plea against you, that you with armed power, were the first to as­saile them. But [...]hat I may giue you so [...]e item also, of those that are not in your bookes, I aduise you to take heed of the Treuiri. I heare that they are [...]ruell. I had rather they were rich: But ano [...]her time peraduenture, I shall haue more leisure to iest. I pray write vnto mee diligently, how al matters are car­ried there: the iiij. of March. Farewell..

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 14.

CHrysip [...]us Vettius, free-man to Cy­rus the Architect, made me thinke that you had not yet forgotten me. For hee saluted me in your name, you are [Page 337] growne very coy, that you vouchsafe no [...] to write to me, who am so neere a fri [...]nd vnt [...] you. And if you can write no more: there will bee found but few h [...]erea [...]ter, whom you are like to ouer­throw in their suites. But if you haue forgotten me, I will endeauour to come vnto you, before I be cleane ra­zed out of your memorie. If also, the [...]eare of the sommer debilitate you; de [...]ise some excuse, as you did, about Britannia. The foresaid Chrysippus told me, to my singular contentment, that you are one of Caesars intimates, but certainely it would like me better, and more reason there is, that I should haue daily i [...]formation of your proceed­ings, by your owne letters. To which desire questionlesse you had neuer gi­uen cause, if with as great care, you had learn'd the lawes of amitie, as you did those that belong to plead [...]ng. But all this I speake by way of [...]est; as [...]ou are wont to doe, and I too sometimes. I beare you vnfeined affection, and I de­sire; yea, verily I beleeue, that you do the same. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 15.

HOw hard a matter 'tis to content them that loue; this may teach you. First you made me dispaire, in that you would not remaine where you are. And now I no lesse despai [...]e, i [...] that you write, that you continue there willingly. Then, I was vext [...] beca [...]s [...] you were not contented to be recom­mended by my letters; now, I am di [...] ­pleas'd, because you liue contented, being separated from me. But yet I had rather suffer the want of my p [...]e­sent desire, then not to behold you in that state, I hope to see you in. I can­not vtter, how glad I am, that you are entred into amitie, with Caius Matius, a courteous and learned man. Vse all meanes po [...]sible, to endeare him to you. Vndoubtedly in this Prouince, you cannot make a greater purchas [...]. See you looke vnto your health. Fare­well.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 16.

IN the Tragedie entituled the Troiane Horse; it's written as you know to­wards the end. The Troianes wit be [...]gins [Page 339] too late: But you, little one, delay­ed not long to get wit. In the begin­ning you wrote letters [...]o mee full of complaints rather foolish, then other­wise. Afterwards you were not very [...]ond to see Britannia, for which, I can not blame you; and now, I see you whollie addicted, to the winter residences: and you thinke not to stir a foote. You must be wise euery way; [for] [...]his is the course to improue you. If I did vse to sup abroad, I would haue satisfi­ed Cneius Octauius in his desire. But I could not forbeare, hee inuiting me so often, to aske him, who he was? Not to iest: he is an honest man: I would you had taken him along with you. Let me vnderstand by all meanes what you doe, and whether you meane to come into Italie this winter. Balbus writes to me of a certaintie, that you'le become a rich man. I will not now examine, whether [...]ee spake after the Romane phrase, that you were to h [...]ue money enough, or else according to the Stoickes, who affirme, that all they are [...]ich, which enioy heauen, and earth. As many as come from thence, aueire, that you are so haughtie, as you sc [...]rne to answer, to a demand made: Neuer­thelesse you haue reason to reioyce; in that it is generally knowne, that at Sa­marobrina, there is not a learneder man in the laws, then your selfe. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 17.

I Haue giuen my brother thankes, as you wrote [I should:] and now final­ly I may commend you; seeing at last your determinations are firme, and sta­ble In the first moneths you [...]rouck't me much to anger: and sometimes (I'l [...] tell it yee, with your patience) you ap­peared very mutable, in desiring [...]o re­turne to Rome; sometimes [...] counter­feit; otherwhiles timerous, in tho [...]e commands that are imposed vpon soul­diers; and often, which was not wont to be your fashion, h [...]lfe pre [...]umptuous, and impudent: For you would present­lie r [...]turne, full of monie; as if you had gone to Caesar, with a bill of ex­change, and not with a letter of re­commendation. And you remembred not how they that went to Alexandria, with letters of exchange to recouer their debts, haue not yet receiued [...]o much as one Harrington. If I had ai­med at mine owne profit, I would vn­doubtedly haue desired to keepe you about me; for your conuersation yeel­ded me no small contentment; and your counsell, and endeauours, were verie beneficiall. But knowing the trust you reposed in me, and the affection [Page 341] you bare me, euen from your younger yeares; I had euer a minde, not onlie to preserue your estate, but to encrease both your honor, and profit. Where­fore, when I had an opinion to goe in­to my Prouince, you may remember what place I offered you, without be­ing entreated. But after I changed my resolution, perceiuing how Caesar held m [...] in good esteeme, and loued me affect [...]onatelie: and knowing his won­der [...]ull courtesie and rare constancie; I sent you to him; and recommended you, with the greatest efficacie, possi­ble. And he hath often written to me, that for my sake he will shew you all fauors. Euen as to your selfe also, both in words, and effects, he hath manife­sted. Hauing there [...]o [...]e light vpon such a man: if you thinke I either know any thing, or wish you well, neglect him not: and if any thing peraduenture o [...]end you; supposing, that either through his great occupations, or that he is not able, he doth not so sodainely remunerate your seruice: beare a while, and expect the end; which will yeeld you, honor, and contentment. And take my securitie for the same. It hoots not [...]hat I spend more words in per­sw [...]d [...]ng you; onlie I giue you this ad­uise, that neither, to purchase absolute­ly the loue of so honourable a man, and so liberall, nor to settle you in a [Page 342] Prouince of worthie emplo [...]ments, shall you euerlight vpon the like occa­sion. Besides, your bodilie vigor, ca [...] neuer be better. And (as you vse to write in your bookes.) So thought Quintus Cornelius, I am verie glad you went not into Britannia; both because you suffered not the discommodities [of such a iourney,] and in that you haue not to relate vnto me those euents. I praie write vnto mee, where you meane to keepe your winter, and with what hope, and condition. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 18.

I Receiued at one instant some letters of yours, that were written at diuerse times: Euery thing pleased me: that you prepare your selfe for this warre; and that you are a worthie fellow. And though at the first you seemed to me somewhat vnconstant; yet I thought not, that this proceeded from a waue­ring minde, but from an ardent desire to be with me. Giue not ouer therefore, so promising a beginning; passe tho­rough this warlike employment with an inuincible minde. Assure you, you'le gaine much thereby. I'le renue your commendation: but vvhen the time [Page 343] shall be fitting. Build vpon this, that you cannot desi [...]e more th [...]n my selfe, that your present absence may be very be­neficiall. And in testimonie thereof, conceiuing that your lawes doe not helpe you much, I sent you some few daies since, a letter in Greeke, by vvhich you might be ayded. I pray write vnto me, of the successe of the warres of Gal­lia. For I giue credit, to euery foolish and idle fellowes reports. But as I said, all that you wrote pleased me; onely I maruailed, that you wrote against all common vse; many letters with your owne hand, of one, and the same te­nor. For, as for writing to me, vpon r [...]zed paper, I see your frugalitie, and I commend you for it: But I am a consi­dering, what it might be that was first vvritten there; vvhich you vvould ra­ther cancell, then vvrite out: vnlesse peraduenture, they were your law ca­ses. For I cannot be perswaded, that you would raze out my letters, to in­sert your owne. Was it happily your meaning to let me know, that your em­ployments, were vnfruitfull, and that you get not so much, as may buy you paper? This is your owne fault, who carryed with you shamefastnesse, and would not leaue it behind you here with vs. I'le commend you to Balbus, when he comes thither, after the Ro­maine manner, that is, with all efficacie: [Page 344] and if you receiue not my letters so sud­dainely, doe not wonder. For I will be abroad all the moneth of Aprill. I write this in P [...]ntinum, staying a while, in the Farme, of Marcus Aemilius Phile­mon: From whence I was wont, to heare the noise of my Clients, who by your meanes, committed themselues to my care. For 'twas confidently told me, that a multitude of frogs were as­sembled together in Vl [...]bra, to come and visite me. Farewell. They viij. of Aprill, from Pontinu [...].

THough your letter vvhich L [...]c [...]us Aruntiu [...] deliuer'd me, vvas very innocent; because it contein'd no­thing, that might not securely haue beene read in the hearing of the peo­ple: yet I rent it, as vvell because of Lucius Aruntius words; vvho said, that he receiu'd from you the like commissi­on; as because in the end of the selfe sa [...]e letter you put me in minde to doe so: but no more of this. I maruaile that you neuer since wrote vnto me; espe­cially so great newes hauing occurred. F [...]evvell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 19.

SEE, whether I loue you: (though certainely vpon iust occasion [...] for, I doe not goe beyond you in loue) for being now farre o [...]f, I could not with­hold that from you, which in R [...]me I would not grant, nor so much as pro­mise you: wherefore, so soone as I de­p [...]rted from V [...]li [...], I began a ship-bord, to compose the Topicks of Aristotle: and the sight of that Citie, because it was so aff [...]cted to you, made mee haue a desire vnto it. I sent you the booke from Regium: in which you shall see, that I haue entreated of that matter, as plainely as possible I could: but if some things seeme obscure vnto you: you must imagine, that no science can bee learn'd out of writing, without an In­terpretor; and without some exercise: and not to go [...]a [...] from the matter; your Lawes, thinke you they can bee le [...]rn'd out of bookes onely? which, though they be many; neuerthelesse, they re­qui [...]e a teacher, and exposition. Though, if you read my booke atten­tiuely, and often, I will not say, you shall reape a [...]l the fru [...] that you desire; but at least, you shal [...] vnderstand the matt [...]r of your selfe. And, i [...] you will [Page 346] haue also the places, from whence you draw your arguments, when any que­stion is propounded, to come readily to minde; exercise is necessarie: wher­in I will helpe you, if I returne safe, and finde things safe at Rome: Farewell, the xxviij of Iuly, from R [...]gium.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 20.

SInce I knew the affection that the Citie of Velia beares you; I thought her more worthie of my loue: though she loues not you onely, who is belou'd of euerie one; but also your Ru [...]io, who is as much desired, as if hee were one of vs. But I thinke you verie wise, in causing him to come to your building. For, [...]hough Velia is of no les [...]e est [...]eme then Lupercal, neuerthe­lesse, I had rather you would make a building in Rome, then anie where else. But for all this, if you'l follow my coun­cell, as you were wont, you sh [...]ll not sell your fathers possessions, which you haue here; (I speake this, because the Velienses something doubted thereof) Neither shall you leaue Hele [...]es an ex­cell [...]nt riuer; nor forsake the house, sometimes of Papi [...]ius: though it haue [Page 347] a groue, where euen strangers are wont to rest themselues. Notwithstanding, if you cut it, you will haue a goodly prospect. But it may bee verie commo­dious for you, especially in these times; first, to haue their Citie for a receptacle, to whom you are deere; then your owne house, and your farmes also; e­specially in a remote, heal [...]hfull, and pleasant place. And, I thinke, my Tre­batius, it will also be fit for me. But re­gard your health, and haue a care of my matters, expecting me, by the Gods helpe, before Autumne. I haue caused Sex [...]us Fabius, to giue me his Master Ni­co [...]s booke, wherein hee treateth of ea­ting well. O sweet Physician! how willingly I learne these precepts: I mar­uell our Bassus neuer spake word to me of this book. It seems he spake to you. The winde riseth, haue a care of your health. From Velia, the xx^th. of Iulie.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 21.

AFter I had informed you of the cause of Silius; hee came to mee: and I telling him that you were of opi­nion, that promise wi [...]hout preiudice to his right, might bee made in this forme: [Page 348] If Quintus Caepio the Praetor, hath giuen me possession of the goods of Turpilic [...] He answered me, that hee vnde [...]stood from Seruius Sulpitius, that a will is no­thing worth, if it be made by him, that hath no power to testate. Adding, that Offilius a [...]firm [...]d the same; but that of this, he could not talke with you: and hee prayed mee to commend his cause vnto you. Be assured, that besides you, I haue not a greater friend then he: nei­ther know I a better man. Therefore it would please me verie well, and I much entreat you, [...]hat you would [...]inde him out. But doe it, if you loue me, out of ha [...]d. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 22.

YEster-night, at the Table, you laught a [...] me, because I said, it was a doubtful case, wh [...]ther an hei [...]e might in right, challenge a th [...], which was committed before his time. Wh [...]re­upon, though I return'd late home, [...]nd full of wi [...]e; neuerthelesse, I noted [...]he place, where the said case is written; and I sen [...] it you: because you might know, that Sextus Aelius, Marcu [...] Man [...]lius, and Marcus Brutus, are of a contrarie opini­on: [Page 349] and yet I agree to S [...]euola's opi­nion, and yours. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Fabius Gallus. Epist. 23.

I Had not beene long come from [...]r­pi [...]as, when your letters were deliue­red me: and by the same messenger, I receiu'd one from Anianus: wherin [...]e courteously promis [...]d mee, that at his comming, I should become his deb­tor, for what time I would. Imagine a little, that you are my selfe. Do [...] you thi [...]ke it stands, ei [...]her with your mo­destie, or mine; first, that I demand a day of paimen [...]; and [...]at afterwards, I should requ [...]re it for aboue a yeere [...] but all had be [...]ne [...]ell, if you had brought those things, which I desir'd, and [...]or such a sum as I would. And neuerthe­l [...]s [...]e; with that, you write you h [...]ue bought, I shall not only be content, but take also great pleasure therin; knowing euidently, that you haue vs'd not only diligence about it, but also loue: and that you haue not bought a thing, which you thought not fit for me. But haue first satisfied your owne iudge­ment, the which in euerie thing I haue alwaies reputed excell [...]nt. Yet I would [Page 350] not haue D [...]masippus change his minde: Be [...]ause you haue not bought a thing [...]o my liking. You haue, not knowing my mann [...]r, bought these foure, or fiue statues, at so great a price, as I would not giue it for all the sta [...]ues that can be found. Besides, you paralell these sta­tues, with the Mus [...]s of M [...]tellus. What comparison is there? First, I would ne­uer haue so high priz'd the Muses them­selues: and all the Mus [...]s would haue beene contented with this my iudge­ment. Neuerthelesse, they would haue well beseem'd my Librarie, as a conue­nient ornament for our studies. But the statua's of Bacchus, how they like me! Oh they are faire! I know it too well: and I haue se [...]ne them often; but if they had pleas'd me, I would haue gi­uen you speciall commission [to buy them:] For, I vse to buy those statues, the which after the manner, as is accu­stomed in schooles; may adorne my roome, in the Palaestra. But the statua of Mars, how can that fit me, who euer procur'd, and perswaded peace? I am glad there was neuer a statua of Satur­nus. For it, and that of Mars, I should haue thought, would haue indebted me. I ra [...]her would, that there had been one of Mercurius: b [...]cause I thinke, Auianus would haue come to a more reasonable price. Whereas you write, that you would haue that Tr [...]pesophorus, [Page 351] or Statua, which supports the table; if you like it, I'le giue it you: but if you be chang'd, I'le keepe it my selfe. With the money, certainely, which you haue spent vpon these statues, I could farre more willingly haue bought a lodging at Tarracina, not to bee alwaies trou­bling my friends, by lying in their hou­ses. But I see the fault is in my free-man, to whom I specified the things I would haue: and likewi [...]e in Iunius; who, as I suppose you know, is absolutely for Amanu [...]. I haue begun in a gallerie of my Tusculan [...]m, certaine [...]ting rooms, the which I would adorne wi [...]h faire pictures. For, if any s [...]ch like things de­light me, picture pleaseth me. But yet if these statues must lye vpon my hands, certefie mee where they are, when I mu [...]t send for them; and how to con­uey them along. For, if Damasippus will not haue them, wee sh [...]ll finde some o­ther Damasippus, though I should lose somewhat therein. As for the house, when I receiued your other letters, I was vpon my departure: and therfore I left the care to my daughter; and spake also thereof to your Nicia, who, as you know, is a friend to Cassius. But when I was returned, be [...]ore I could read these your last; I demanded of my daughter, if she had done nothing in it [...] shee an­swered me, that she had spoken therof to Licinia, Cassius sister, with whom I [Page] suppose, he conue [...]seth not much. And shee said [...] that shee durst not part with that house, without Decius her hus­bands knowledge, who is gone into Spaine. It l [...]kes me well to see, that you make so g [...]eat account of conuersing, & liuing with me; first that you would take that house, wherein you sh [...]ll not onely dwell neere me, but as it were with me; besides, because you haue so great a desire to come to it; vvhich notwithstanding, let me not liue, i [...] it be greater then mine. Wherefore I will vse all [...]he mean [...]s I can therein, perceiuing how much it imports both th [...] one, and other of vs. If I can do any thing you shall vnderstand of it. Write backe to [...]e of euery thing: and certifie me if you please, when you will come. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Fabius Gali [...]. Ep. 24.

VVHether soeuer I turne my selfe, I see manif [...]st signes of the loue you beare me: vvhich was the occasion, that you were disple [...]d a­bou [...] Tigellius. I thanke you ther [...]fore fo [...] your good will: but I'le deliu [...]r you the case briefly. Capius (i [...] I be not de­ceiu'd) was wont to say, I sleepe not to euery man: So, I serue not euery bodie. [Page 353] But what [...]er [...]ice is this? Heretofore, when I vvas in great esteeme, I was not so much obserued, and reuerenc [...]d of euery bodie, as I am at this present, by all Caesars friends, e [...]cept onely by this man. Wher [...]of me thinkes I make g [...]eat v [...]e, in that I cannot tolerate such an one; more pestile [...]t, then his countrie it selfe [...] And I thinke he tooke this h [...]rd conceit against me, because himselfe could haue lik't well of the praises, which Calu [...]s Licinius bestowes vpon me, after the manner of Hipponactes. But see, wherefore he is in choller with me; I vndertooke to defend the cause of Phamea, out of a desire to doe him a fa­uour: for he conuersed with me verie domesticallie: Now, he came to me, & told me, that the Iudge would heare his cause, presently on that day, vvhen I was to sit in counsell about Publius Sextius. I answer'd him, that I was de­sirous to pleasure him; but that it vvas not possible: and vpon any other daie, when he thought good, I would not faile him. He, knowing that he had a Nephevv, which play'd sweetly, and sang very well, departed from me, so farre as I could perceiue, halfe angrie. You may see the na [...]ure then, of these Sardi: they are like those which are sold in the open ma [...]ket place, one vvorse, then anoth [...]r. You haue heard my rea­s [...]ns, and the fume of this Sala [...]on. Send [Page 354] to me your Cato, I desire to read it. It's a shame for vs both, that I haue not yet read it. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Fabius. Gallus. Ep. 25.

GRieue not that I rent your letter; for I haue kept it; and you may haue it, when you will. I thanke you for aduertising me; and I pray you to a [...] ­uertise me continually: For you seeme to feare, that if we haue other superior, then this man, our ioy, may change in­to mourning. But doe you not see, that the Master comes, sooner then we thought? we must lay downe the pen­sill: to the end that the praises giuen by vs to Cato, turne not to our preiudice. Be a [...]sured my Gallus, that, that part of your letter, could not haue beene set downe more to the purpose; where you say, o [...]her things are [...]ransitorie. Heare this in secret: keepe it to your s [...]lfe: tell it not to Appella your freeman: no man writes after this manner, but we two. I doe not say, well, or ill; suffice it, that no man writes as we doe: pros [...]qu [...]e then your style, and neuer giue it ouer. For 'tis that, which teacheth vs [...]o speake well [...]; and I beginne to spend therein also a part of the night. Fare­well.

Cicero to Gallus. Ep. 26.

HAuing now beene ten dayes grie­uously sicke of the collick, and not being able to persvvade them, that would haue employed me, that I vvas ill; hauing no feauer. I sl [...]pt awaie to Tuscula [...]um: vvhere finding my selfe verie wearie of that infirmitie, especial­ly hauing continued two dayes with­out tasting a drop of water, or any thing else: I thought that you should rather haue a care of of me, then I of you. I vse to be greatly afraid of all dis­eases; but most of that, for vvhich the Stoicks reprehend your Epicurus, hear­ing him say, that the difficultie of vrine, and of the bloudie Flix, disturbed the peace of his minde. One of vvhich dis­eases is thought to proceed from su­perfluitie of meates; and the other by a more dishonest occasion: I doubted much in the beginning, lea [...]t it vvould haue beene a Fluxe: but it seemes I re­ceiued good by change of ayre: or per­aduenture, because I haue freed my minde of many cares; for, this [...]uill was alreadie in declination. Neuer­theles [...]e because you shall not wonder, from whence this disease growes, and from what disorders: the law vpon ex­penses, which seemes to haue brought [Page 356] continencie, made me erre. For while these gallants, who are curious in their meates, beginne to bring into reputati­on those things, that spring out of the earth, which are exempted from the l [...]w; th [...]y season mush [...]oanes; and lit­tle, and all sorts o [...] herbes; with so gre [...]t Art, that better cannot be [...]aten. Ha­uing therefore eaten thereof in Lentulus ho [...]se; a cruell Fluxe came vpon me, which hath h [...]ld me till now: and so I that easily refrained from Oysters, and Lampries, I haue beene deceiued; by what? by Beetes, and Mallowes. Here­after therefore wee'le looke b [...]tter to it. But it had beene your part, hauing vn­derstood it by Anitius, who saw me vomiting; not onely to send, but to haue come, and seene me. I make ac­count to stay here, vvh [...]le I recouer my dissipated forces. But if I can rid my selfe of the disease, I hope easily to re­couer them. Farewell.

Cicero to Gallus. Ep. 27.

I Know not wherefore you complaine of me [...] hauing no occasion: & though you h [...]d, yet should you not complaine. Y [...]u write, that when I was Consull, I made vse of you; and that Caesar will re­store you, into your countrey. You [Page 357] speake it too confidently; but none be­leeues you. You adde, that you deman­ded the Tribuneship for my sake. I would you had beene alw [...]ies Tribune. For you should not haue beene to seeke of an Intercessor. Afterwards, you sting me, saying, th [...]t I dare not speake [...]r [...]ely; as if I had not freely [...]nswered you, when you imm [...]destly entre [...]ted me. This I write vnto you, to giu [...] you to vnderstand, that in these qu [...]kes of wit, in which you [...]uppose your sel [...]e, to be some bodie; you deser [...]e no com­mendation. But if you had mildly com­plained of me; willingly, & as p [...]easingly I would haue iustified my selfe. I d [...]slike not what you haue done, but what you haue written. And I wonder much, that you should not esteeme me a free man, hauing preserued others libertie. But if the things were false, which you, as you say, laid open to me: what am I bound to you for it? if true [...] you may be a suffi­cient testimonie, how much the people of Rome, are bound vnto me. Fare­well.

Cicero to Curius. Epist. 28.

I Remember, I [...]hought you heretofore not ver [...]e wise, in [...]hat you wou [...]d liue rather there [...]h [...] with vs: for [...]he situa­tion of this Citie, when it was a Citie, was more conformable to your affable and sweet nature: then all Pelopo [...]nesus, therefore farre more then Patrae. Now contrariwise, it appeares vnto me, that you were verie circumspect; when, see­ing no remedie for the matters of Rome, you went into Graecia: and that you are at this present not onelie wise, in being farre from hence [...] but also happie. Though now a daies, who can be hap­pie that knowes any thing? But as you are gone into a part, where you heere not the iniquities that are heere com­mitted; so haue I found out another meanes not [...]o heare them. For, since I betooke my selfe to my friends that come to visite me: who for this cause also, come hither oftner then they were wont; for they thinke they see a white bird, when they see a good Cittizen; I retire mee to my Librarie. From whence I compile workes, that perad­uenture will please you. For I once vnde [...]stood, that you reprehending my affliction; said, that you perceiu'd not [Page 359] in me that greatnesse of minde, which my Booke inferred. But as in that time, I mournd for the Common-wealth: which not on [...]lie for her be­nefits towards mee, but also for mine towards her, was ve [...]ie deare vnto me: so now, though not onelie reason comforte [...]h me, which is of great force, but also time, which impaireth griefe, euen in fooles; yet I lament, that com­mon libertie is so lost, that no hope remaines, to regaine it. N [...]ither hi­therto can we complaine of him, that gouernes all things, (except peraduen­ture this be his offence) but Fortune hath beene in fault for some things; and for some, our selues also. So that we must not grieue for that which is past. As for that, that is to come, I see no hope at all. Whereupon I re­turne where I began. You were wise, if iudgment; happie, if fortune caus'd your departure. Farewell.

Manius Curius, to Cicero his Master. Epist. 29.

FOR, though Atticus bought me, you enioy me: so [...]hat the fruite is yours, and the possession his: which, if [...] would sell, he could finde but a little [Page 360] for it. But what thinke you of the te­stimonie I make, whersoeuer I come? By saying, that I acknowledge all my good from you; that I liu [...]; that I haue; that I am in anie esteeme? Wherefore my Cicero perseuer constantl [...] in pre­seruing me, and cōmencing me, espe­cially to Sulpitius your successor: that I may the more easilie obey your pre­cepts, and see you at Rome, to my great contentment; and more commodi­ouslie carrie my things from hence, and conueie them with me. But shew not this letter to Atticus. Let him be­leeue, that I am an honest man, and that I vse not to gratifie two men with one thing. Be carefull theref [...]re good Patron, to maintaine your health: and salute my Tiro in our behalfe, The xxix. of October.

Cicero to Curius. Epist. 30.

NOW I neither perswade, nor entreate you to re [...]urne home: nay, and I also desire to d [...]part, and ar­riue in some quarter, where I may not heare the name, nor the workes o [...] the children of Pelops. You will not be­leeue what blame I think my selfe wor­thie [Page 361] of, f [...]r being present at these things. You seeme to haue foreseene long be­ [...]ore, what would ensue, when you de­parted from hence. For though these things be also bitter to heare; yet [...]o heare, is more tollerable then [...]o see [...]hem. You were not in Campus Mar [...]i­us, when, at two a clocke, the people being to be assembled, for the creation of Quaestors, Quintus M [...]ximu [...] his seate was placed, whom [...]hey nominated Consull: but his death being vnder­stood, his seate was carried away: and Caes [...]r, leauing the crea [...]ion of Quae­stors, created a Consull, who was to hold his Magistra [...]i [...], [...]rom seauen a clocke, till [...]he Calends of Ianu [...]ie, wh [...]ch were on the morning of the day following. So that, all the while Cani­nius was Consull, no man dined; nei­ther was [...]here any hurt done. For hee was so vigilant, that hee neuer slept in all his Consulship. You thinke these things worthie the [...]u [...]hing at: because you are not heere: but if you were, you would not forbeare teares. And what if I should write vnto you of fur­ther matters? For there are an infinite companie of such like: the which doubtlesse I could not endure, if I had not retired my selfe into the Port of Philosophie; and had our Atti [...]us, for a com [...]anion in my studies. To whom, seeing you wri [...]e, that the pos­session [Page 362] and power of your person be­longs, and to me to employ, and enioy you: I am content therwith. For then a thing is possessed, when a man en­ioyes, and vseth it. But of this, at some other time, I'le write more at large. Acilius who was sent into Greece with an armie, is much obliged to me: For in the better times of the Common-wealth, I defended him twice, in cases of high importance. And he is a thank­ [...]ull man, and do'es mee great honour. I haue written exactly, this fastned l [...]t­ter, in your fauour [...] which when hee receiueth, what o [...]fers he makes you, I would be glad to vnderstand. Far [...] ­well.

Cicero to Curio. Epist. 13.

BY your letters I easilie compre­hend two things, which I haue al­waies desired: one, that you g [...]eatlie esteeme me; another, that you know your selfe beloued of me: Let's there­fore contend in courtesies one to [...]no­ther; wherein, whosoeuer remaines superior, I shall be equallie satisfied. I am glad that it was not nece [...]rie [...]o deliu [...]r my letter to Acilius. I see you [Page 363] haue had no great need of the Sulpicius offices; because your matters were so shefled vp together, that they haue as you write, neither hands nor feete. I would they had their feete, to the end that you might once returne, because you see, that those wittie and ingenious mottoes, so long in vse, are euery day more and more decaying, if wee few, preserue not the auncient Atticke glo­rie: as Pomponius, who next to you, in promptnesse of wittie sayings, is the chiefest; and I after him, might deser­uedly say. Come therefore, I pray you, to the end that the seed of wittie iests may not be destroyed, as the Com­monwealeh is extinguished. Fare­well.

Cicero to Volumnius. Epist. 32.

BEcause familiarlie, as you should, you haue written vnto me, without your forename: first, I was in doubt, whether the Senator Volumnius with whom I entertaine great friendship, wrote vnto me; Afterwards, the wittie conceits of the letter made me thinke that it was yours. In which letter eue­rie thing gaue me great contentment [...] [Page 364] but this; [...]hat you doe with little dili­gence defend the possession of my essaies: writing to mee, that after my departure all the sayings, euen to those of Sextius, are attributed to me. Doe you then suffer it? doe not you defend me? I thought I had left my mottoes so sign'd, [...]hat they might haue beene discern'd from others. But seeing in Ro [...]e is such ignorance, [...]hat no saying is so vnproper, that appeares not wit [...]y vnto some man: I entreat you, by the loue you beare me, if there bee not some pregnan [...] conceit in those, which Iulius in my second booke of the O [...]a­tor, produceth, that you will affirme all the rest not to bee none of mine, offering to wager against him, that will not beleeue it. Whereas you complaine of the Iudgements, I care much lesse, let the worst en [...]ue that may of all de­fendants. Let Selius also bee so [...]lo­quent, that he can make men beleeue that he is Free borne, I care not much. But I pray, let vs defend with all ou [...] power, the possession of gracefull wi [...]tie passages. Wherein I onely preferre you [and] contemne all others. You thinke that I [...]est with you? Now I see you haue wit. But speaking in good earnest, your letters appeared to mee very elegant. And though they should be, as they were ridiculous. Yet did not I laugh: Because I would, that our [Page 365] [...]riend should gouerne himselfe, with all wisdom, both for his own respect; (for I loue him well, as you know) as also for the Cōmon-wealth; which though she be ingrate towards me, neuerthe­les, I cannot forbeare to loue her. Now my Volumnius, seeing you haue begun; and that you finde you are deere vnto me, write vnto me often of the affaires of Rome, and of the Common-wealth. I take great pleasure to read your let­ters. Besides this, though Dolob [...]a bee verie desirous to doe mee any pleasure, and beares me entire affection; yet ex­hort him to perseuere in his good will; & work so, that he may be wholly mine. I vse vnto you al importunity herein, & yet am not satisfied. Neither doth this grow, because I doubt; but because I desire it beyond measure. Farewell.

Cicero to Volumnius. Epist. 33.

THough you are not now here, when we exercise our selues in de­claiming; yet haue you no preiudice thereby. Neither neede you enuie Hir­tius; [Page 366] as you write you should doe, if you lou'd him not. Except you would enuie him, rather for his eloquence, then for hearing my disputations. For, my sweet Volumnius, I am of no worth; and if I be worth anie thing, yet I hate my selfe, hauing lost those companions, for whose sake, you held mee happie. And though otherwhiles, I published something worthie my name; now I lament, that these my darts were throwne, not against armed men; but against birds, as Philoctetes saith in At­ [...]ius, [...]aring no more for glorie. But yet I shall be merrie, if you come; though, you shall come in the verie height of occupations. From which, if I can free my selfe, I will leaue these businesses, to liue with you and our common frend [...]. For your Cassius, and our Dolobella, (though both th'one, and other, may be term'd ours) attend also to the same studies: & I giue eare vnto them willing­ly. Here we haue neede, of your so ex­quisite, and perfect a iudgement, and of that your so profound knowledge; so that many times, it makes me reser­ued in my speech. I am constantly re­solu'd, if Caesar will, to lay aside here­after that person, wherein I haue many times giuen him satisfaction, and to shut my selfe vp in studies, [...]o enioy an honest vacancie, together with you, and others, that haue a desire to vnder­stand. [Page 367] I would not haue had you to doubt, that your letters would haue annoyed mee, i [...] they had, as you write, beene long; for, I as­sure you, the longer, the more accept­able. Farewell.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 1.

AT my departure, I promi­sed to write diligently to you, of all things that should fall ou [...] in R [...]me. Whereupon I haue collected euerie flying newes so particularly, as I feare, lest this my [...]oo affected diligence, hath exceeded those bounds, beyond which it growes irkesome. Although I know, how curious you, and how glad they, that be far from their Countrey are, to [Page 370] vnderstand euerie little matter that oc­curreth. Neuerthelesse, I earnestly entreat you, to hold me for a man, that sets not too much by himselfe, though the paines be not mine, but committed to others: not because, it is not plea­sing vnto mee, to be often mindefull of you: notwithstanding all my employ­ments, and naturall slothfulnesse, in writing to my friends, which you are priuie to. But the profunditie of the booke, which I send vn [...]o you, will ea­sily, as I suppose, excuse mee. I know no man so discharged of businesse, that could completely, not onely no [...] haue written all things ther [...]in contain'd; but not so much as haue obseru'd them. You shall there see, all the decrees of the Senate, all the Edicts, all the Come­dies, euen to the vulgar tales th [...]t a [...]e di­spersed. And if peraduenture such ad­uer [...]isments please you not, let me know it [...] that hereafter I disturbe you no more, at my charge. Important aff [...]ires of the Common-wealth occurring, that [...]hese mercen [...]rie writers cannot display in that manner, as were requi­si [...]e; I will write them: and giue you notice, both of that which hath happe­ned, and of the iudgement that after­ward passed thereof, and what is therin expected. Now, at this present, there is nothing in hand, of any moment [...] There is a report spred, as farre as C [...]ma [Page 371] only, and no further, about those con­uentions of people beyond Poe; at my returne to Rome, I heard no bodie speak a word of it. Withall, Marcellus pro­pounded not in the Senate, that there should a new gouernour bee sent into the Galliae. He told mee, that in the Ca­lends of Iune, he would propound it. But certainely, hee came very much short of that feruencie, which he shew­ed, when wee were both in Rome. I would bee glad to know, if you haue found Pompeius, as you desired: what your opinion of him is? what discour­ses you haue had? and what minde, and resolution it seemes to you, I will not say, that hee hath, but what hee makes s [...]ew to haue? For, hee vseth to speake one thing, and reserue in his minde to doe another. Although he is not of so circumspect a wit, that hee can so dis­guise his thoughts, that they may not outwardly appeare. Of Caesar, there is euerie moment some ill newes: but no­thing ver [...]fied. True it is, there is great muttering. One saies, hee hath lo [...]t his Cauallerie: which I take to bee most true: Another affirmes, that his se­uenth legion was discomfited, and that the Bellouaci haue closed vp the passage, that hee cannot returne to the other peopl [...]. And though the [...]e bee no cer­taintie; neuerthelesse, not being con­traried; the vulgar speake thereof: and [Page 372] some, who you know, withdraw them­selues to reason together: and I can tell you, that by this time, Domitius laies his hand on his mouth. On the 13. of May, a rumour was raised by the men of newes, at Penny-lesse Bench, that you were dead: which returneth vpon his head, that dispersed it: so that ouer all Rome, a report was divulged, that you were slaine on your iourney, by Quintus Pompeius. I, that know how Quintus Pompeius is at Bauli, in so great miserie, that hee maintaines his life, by carrying men for hire; was not much moued thereat, and I desired, that all perils that may accrue to you might proue like to this. Your Plancus is at Rauenna, and though Caesar gaue him a great present, yet is hee not in prospe­rous estate, nor furnished, as it were requisite. Your bookes, wherein you frame the state of an excellent Com­mon wealth, are read of euerie one with admiration. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 2.

VVEll, he is absolued. I was there when his absolution was published, and that not onely by [Page 373] one part of the three, which are to iudge; but by them all: and by all sen­tences he is absolued. Oh! will you say; speake you in good earnest? 'tis as I tell you. None would haue beleeued it, and it seemes a thing very strange. I, who grea [...]ly desired, for the amitie be­twixt vs, his absolution, rather prepa­red my selfe to condole with him: but seeing sentence past, in his fauour, I was altogether a [...]tonished, & it seemed to me a miracle: Then imagine, vvhat it seemed to others. With great excla­mations the iudges replied, shewing [...]uidently, that it was not a thing to be supported. Whereupon, though he be [...]ree'd by the Law Licinia, he seemes to be fallen into a greater danger. Withall, the day after the said absolution, Hor­tensius presented himselfe in Curio's Theater, as I thinke to be seene, and because we should reioyce with him in his ioyes. But, as many as were there, began to [...]rample, rore, to make a thun­dring, to cry out, and keepe a buzzing: which was the more obserued, because Hortensius was come to old age, with­out euer hauing beene whistled at [...] But on that day, he was so soundly handled, as it might suffice any man, for all the daies of his life. Of the Common-wealth, I can write nothing to you. Marcellus irruptions are pacified; not out of neglect, but in my opinion, for [Page 374] some secret respects. Of the creation of Consuls, not knowing the time, I can giue you no certaine aduertisement. Marcus Octauius, sonne to Cneius, and Caius Hirrus, are competit [...]rs with me, in the petition for the Aedileship: the one is really noble; the other pretends to be noble, but is not. I was desirous to write this, to put you into greater expectation of the issue, hearing that Hirrus is my concurrent. Neuerthelesse as soone as you are aduertised of my creation, I pray, remember the Pan­ [...]hers, and to procure Sitius to pay me. I gaue to Lucius Castrinius Paeto, the first volume of the matters of Rome; the se­cond, to him that brings you these. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 3.

VVHat will you say now? doe I not write vnto you? doe I not quite contrarie to that you said? Yes certainely, so that my letters come to your hands. And in this, my dili­gence is the greater; because when I haue time to spare, I cannot haue a better recreation. When you were in [Page 375] Rome, and I had no businesse, I vsed to come, with great contentment to your house, and to passe the houres with you, in sundrie discourses. I would I could now doe so? for in truth, since your departure, me thinkes I am not onely left alone, but that Rome remaines voyd. And wheras before many times (such was my negligence) I let slip many daies without comming to see you. Now in conclusion, I am readie to teare my selfe with my [...]eeth, because I cannot be euery day with you. But Hirrus my competitor is the greatest cause, that I desire you, day and night. Oh! if you knew, how this your con­current in the Augurship, is vexed; and faynes not to see, that my plots take better effect, then his: of which I desire you may be aduertised, for in truth, you would wish it more for your owne re­spect, then mine. For if I remaine A [...] ­dile; it may so be, that I shall be created, with some rich associate: But if Hirrus get it not, we shall haue such sport, at his repulse, that for all the time of our life, we shal neuer want matter to laugh at. May this be? so 'tis certainely. Nei­ther can Marcus Octauius in any sort pa­cifie their hatreds, that are opposite to Hirrus, who are many. As for Milo's goods: I haue so wrought, that Philoti­mus your wiues free-man hath restored them to his kindred; [...] haue ac­knowledged [Page 376] herein his fideliti [...], and loue, giuing him in reward of his ser­uice, as much, as you set downe. Now, it remaines, that I entreat you, that if you haue spare time, as I hope you shall, to direct vnto me some worke: that by this I may know, you are mindfull of me. Questionlesse you'le say; your re­quest is not foolish, but how came this into your minde? I would, that among so many compositions of yours, some one might come to light, which might also be a testimonie to posteritie, of our friendship. For the qualitie of the worke, I referre it to you: for you ha­uing all knowledge, can best determine of the subiect: In generall I tell you, th [...]t I desire a thing, which may be fit me, and that it may be replenish't with documents; to giue men occasion, more willingly to read it. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 4.

I Enuie you, because you haue euerie day so great newes, as makes you wonder: first, that Marcus Messalla, was absolu [...]d, and afterwards condem­ned: that Caius Marce [...]lus remaines Con­sull: that Marius Calidiu [...] after his re­pulse, [Page 377] was accused by Marcus Gallius, and Quintus Gallius, brethren: that Publius Dolabella is one of the fifteene. But I enuie you not, because you did not see, how many colours came into Lentulus Crusc [...]llus countenance, when he had the repulse. For certainely there was neuer a more delight some thing to behold: and peraduenture he thought it would not so haue past with him: and Dolabella himselfe had little hope there­of. But if our Gentlemen had not had their eyes open; vndoubtedly, he had ouercome his sute: and his opposite would almost voluntarily, haue giuen ouer the enterprise. I doe not thinke you wonder, that Seruius, chosen Tri­bune of the people, should be condem­ned. Whose place Curio hath deman­ded: and in their hearts, who know not his gentle disposition, he hath imprin­ted a strange feare. But as I hope, and desire, and as he makes shew, he will not start an inch from the Senate; nor from the partie of good men: he is now wholly for this. And that he tooke vp­on him such a resolution, Caesar was the occasion, who not vsing to respect mo­ney for the obliging of euery man to him, how base soeuer he were; seemed to make little reckoning of him. Wher­in I thinke, as also by others he hath beene aduertised, that a matter of plea­sant admiration ensued, Curio who euer [Page 378] before had carried himselfe inconside­rately, hauing vsed all his wit, and cun­ning, to frustrate their designes, which made opposition to him in his Tribun­ship: I speake of the Laelij, Antonij, and other bragadoshi's. I deferred to write vnto you, because the creation of Ma­gistrates hanging in suspence, I was en­forced continually, to attend vnto ne­gotiations: and partly I was desirous to tarry the end; that so I might aduertise you of euery thing; and supposing they would presently be dispatcht, I expec­ted till the first of August. The creation of the Praetors, was prolonged, through certaine impediments. I know not how fauourable fortune will be to me, in the creation of the Aediles Curules. It is true, that in that of the Aediles of the people, manifest signes appeared more in fauour of me, then Hirrus. Of Mar­cus Caelius Vicinianus I haue no feare. You know how we made a scoffe of him, when he said, that he would put on for the creation of a Dictator. The foole propounded it, and remain'd vili­fied: and many cries were heard against him. The same people afterwards see­med to haue an extreame desire of Hir­rus: I say to pleasure him ouer the shoulders. I hope 'twill not be long, ere you vnderstand that from me, vvhich you expect, and that of him, which I durst scarcely hope for. As for the state [Page 379] of the Common-wealth, we did not hi­therto looke for any new matter. But the one and twentith of Iuly, the Senate being assembled in the temple of Apol­lo, and debating of the stipend that should be giuen to Pompeius, there was speech also of those souldiers, which formerly Pompeius had lent Caesar: how many they were; and how many they should be: so that Pompeius being ouer­come by a continuall importunity, that some ill tongued followes made to him, was vrged to say, that by all meanes he would call backe the said souldiers out of Gallia. Afterwards he was demanded his opinion, about sending a successor to Caesar: who replied that generally the matter of the Prouinces, should be put off till the said Pompeies return: who was to go to Ariminum, to the Armie: and presently he went thither. I think it will be treated of, on the xxiij. of August: and without doubt, something will ey­ther be concluded, or some Tribune shall be nominated, that will not refuse the charge. But such an one will be blamed, because Pompeius in consulta­tation hath said, that it were fit, that euery one should obey the Senate. Ne­uerthelesse, I am certaine, that nothing will be done, se [...]ing Paullus elected Consull, shall be the first to deliuer his opinion. I am v [...]ry carefull to put you in minde, that you will procure me to [Page 380] be paide by Sitius; desiring to let you know, that it greatly imports me. In like manner; for the Panthers I pray yo [...] deale with the Cybiratae, and when they are readie, cause them to be conueyed to me. Besides this, it is vnderstood, and held for certaine, that the King of A­lexandria is dead. I pray, aduertise me diligently, what you would councell me to doe; how that kingdome stands; and who hath taken vpon him the go­uernment thereof. The first of August. Farewell.

Marcus Coelius, to Cicero. Epist. 5.

I Know not what your minde is, about the peace of your Prouince, and the countries adiacent. Certainely I stand in great doubt thereof: For, if we could order the matter so, that the greatnesse of the warre, might not exceed the for­ces of your Armie; and that we might obtaine so much victory, as might serue to get the triumph; and that we might auoid that dangerous, and terrible bat­taile: great would our happinesse be. Now, if the Parthians stir at all, I know there will be no small matters to doe; and your armie is scarce able to defend [Page 381] a Passage. But none considers [...]his: but 'tis rather thought, that a gouernour of a Prouince, as you are, is bound to pro­uide whatsoeuer is nec [...]ssarie: supposing that he may doe i [...] sufficiently. Where­unto may be added; that I cannot see, that you are to haue a successor sent you, by reason of the controuersie [...]i­sen, about [...]ending one into Gallia. And though I thinke you haue already taken some course the [...]ein; neuerthelesse, to giue you occasion the ra [...]her to intend it, I thought good to adu [...]rtise you, how the matter is like to hang in sus­pence. You know the ordinarie accidents: the Senate will d [...]termine of the Gall's: A Tribune will come, that will be opposed: then another sha [...]l be pro­pounded; who, if the Senate be not permitted, to send a gouernour in­to any Prouince whatsoeuer; will likewise hinder the expedition of o­ther Prouinces. And [...]hus trifling; this dance will last so long, that for two yeares no effect will ensue. If there were any thing new, about the Commonwealth, I would not faile ac­cording to my custome, to write dili­gently vnto you, both what were done, and what I expected would succeed. It seemes that the opposition of these Prouinces, slacken the course of other busin [...]sses. M [...]rc [...]llus makes all instance for it, as he hath euer done, but for all [Page 382] the diligence he vseth: he cannot draw a full counsell to set thereon. And, if after this yeare Curio enter into the Tribuneship, and there be also treating of the Prouinces. I know you well perceiue, how easie it will bee then to crosse euery thing, and what strife will by Caesar, and those that fauour his cause, and not that of the Common­wealth; be introduced. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 6.

I Know certainely you haue vnder­stood, how Appius was accused by Dolabella; but not with that popular disgrace, which I expected. For Appius did not like a foole; but presently when Dolabella came before the Tribu­nall, he went into Rome, and gaue ouer demanding Triumph: by which he si­lenced what was spoken of him, and shewed himselfe more expert, then his accuser look't for. Now he hath great hope in you. I know you are rather a friend to him then otherwise: this is an occasion to binde him to you, as long as you list: and, if some enmitie had not fallen ou [...] betwixt you, you might now at your pleasure helpe him; but, [Page 383] if you be so rigorous to handle him as he deserues: I can tell you, many will thinke, that you haue not conc [...]aled your wrath, with that pur [...]tie of minde, which is expected from a sincere, and faithfull man. And on the contrarie; If you [...]auour him, none can say, that you had respect to the inward Amitie, that you haue held with D [...]labella. I will not forbeare to certifie you, that Dola­bella's wife departed from him, at the same time, when Appius was accused by him. I remember that, which you said to me, when you departed: and I suppose you carrie in minde that which I wrote vnto you. It is now no time to write, more at large: only I would admonish you, that if the course dislike you not, yet shew no signe of your in­clination, while you see, what successe he hath in this cause: to the end that the matter being knowne, you incurre not some blame: and assuredly, if you manifest your selfe, it will neither bee with your praise, nor profit; and hee cannot conceale it, for the conuenien­cie of the thing, conformable to his hope; and because in the present enter­prise, it will augment his reputation, especially he being a man, that though he knew it would draw some extreame hurt vpon him if he spake thereof, yet could he hardly k [...]epe it secret. It is said that Pompeius is very fauourable to [Page 384] Appius, so that men thinke, he will send one of his sonnes to speake to you. Here, we absolue euery bodie. And certainely heere haue beene some of the [...]icke [...]est, and most dishonest things past, that can be imagined. Yet we haue Consulls that are so vigilant, that hitherto they could passe no de­cree, but one, vpon the sacrifice, which ordinarilie is made on Mount Albanu [...]. Our Curio is cold in his Tribuneship as Ice, and I cannot possiblie giue you to vnderstand, how euery one here, stands with their hands at their girdle. If I had not found something to doe, with hosts, and watermen, a great lethargie would haue ceazed vpon al Rome. And, if the Parthians set not you one heate in those parts, we shall still be colder, and colder. Neuerthelesse, whatsoeuer our sleepe be now, I would be loath the Parthians should awake vs. It is said that Bibulus encountred with the enemie, on Mount Ama [...]us; and that he hath lost, I know not how many com­panies of souldiers. I told you Curio was as cold as Ice; now, I tell you, he begins to be heated, and so toyles him­selfe, that he is enflamed. For when he saw he could not obtaine time to pay his debts, hee plaide a prettie pranke: he is gone from the Senates side, to the people, and hath vndertaken to speake in sauour of Caesar. Besides hee hath [Page 385] diuulged, how he determines, to en­act a law vpon the waies, not vnlike to that of Rullus, about the deuision of ground; and another vpon meates: conformable to which the Aediles must beare themselues: which yet he had not done, when I wrote the first part of this present epistle. Be pleased to interesse me in Appius fauour, by this occasion of assisting him; and as for Dolabella, I aduise you to let the matter hang doubtfull, both in respect of the same Appius; as also for your honour; and not to bring you into ill opinion with men. It is, and will be your dis­grace, if I haue not Panthers out of Graecia. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero Epist. 7.

I Know not how soone you desire, to depart from thence; I desire it, the rather, because hitherto the warre of the Parthians, hath [...]allen out well with you, for which, while you remaine there, I shall be perplexed, fearing least some sinister accident may disturbe my ioy. I write briefely, because the messenger, who carries the Taxe-ma­sters letters, hastens his departure. [Page 386] Yesterday by your Freeman, I wrote at large. There is no newes: except I should write these, which vndoubtedly you desire. Cornificius, the young man, hath concluded a mariage with the daughter of Orestilla. Paulla Valeria, sister [...]o Triarius, without any occasion brake off the marriage, on the day that her husband, should haue arriue [...] o [...]t of the Prouince. She is to be mar [...]ed to Decimus Brutus, but yet they h [...]ue not publis [...]'t the matrimonie. Many incredible matters of this nature, [...]ue hapned. Seruius Ocella, could neuer make men beleeue, that hee was an a­dulterer, but that in lesse th [...]n three daies, he was taken twice in [...]he act. Shall I tell you where? where certaine­ly I would not. I'le giue you leaue to aske of some o [...]her. Neither doe I dis­like, that an Imperator, be inquisi [...]ue, who hath beene discouered, and wi [...]h what woman. Farewell.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 8.

THough I haue to write vnto you, a­bout the state of the Common-wealth: yet I am perswaded, there's nothing will like you better then this. [Page 387] Vnderstand, that Caius Sempronius Ru­fu [...], and Rufus in effect, who was won [...] to bee your Honie, and Darling; was conuinced with great scorne, for a false accuser, Will you know in what mat­ter? After the Roman sports, he accused Marcus Tu [...]ius, his accuser, as a man [...]hat had committed violence. And this he did out of malice; seeing, that he was constrained to defend himselfe, before the Iudges of this yeere, except some extraordinarie accident were enterposed. And hee knew verie well, what would ensue thereon. This pre­sentation hee would not put vp against others, but onely against his accuser. And, although he had none, that would subscribe to the accusation, yet hee came before the Tribunall, and accu­sed him. Which being heard, I pre­sently ran, to present my selfe, in de­fence of the accused [...] not a [...]tending to be o [...]he [...]wise inuited thereunto. I came before them: I spake no [...]hing of [...]he cause: I bent all my speech against S [...]m­ [...]ro [...]ius, wresting [...]uen that fiction to my pu [...]pose, which hee, for the inuries he had done [...]o [...]estorius, had alledged: that, for you [...]k [...] hee would bee con­te [...]t, to be r [...]st [...]red. An [...]ther cause is in hearing, o [...] no small moment. Mar­cus Seruilius being absolutely brok [...]n; all his goods sold; and fallen into eue­rie mans dises [...]eeme; repaired to mee [Page 388] for defence. And I alledging against Pausania his Creditor, that hee might bee satisfied by them, who had bought his goods; Laterensis the Praetor, accep­ted not of my defence: and Pilius, kinsman to your Atticus, hauing accu­sed him, as a man that had imbezel'd monies in the Prouince, presently a great arguing grew, and a voice was spred, that hee should bee condemned. Afterwards comes Appius the younger, driuen, as it were, with a most violent winde of feare, lest Seruilius should bee left so bare, that hee could not pay him 24. thousand Crownes, which hee pre­tends to be due vnto him by this right; that his father being accused by Serui­lius, & comming to an agreement with him, gaue him the said summe; to the end, he should not proceed against him in worser matters. You wonder hee should bee so foolish. But you wou [...]d maruell mo [...], if you knew some oth [...]r, his notable sopperies; and how his fa­ther confessed so infamous a crime to be true. He accepted of the same Iud­ges, which gaue sentence against his Father. And the decrees being as many of the one part, as of [...]he other, Lat [...] ­rensis, not knowing the Law, denoun­ced that which each Bench had iudged, and at last, according to the custome, said, I will record the absolution. Ser­uilius was gone; and euery man [...] [Page 389] thought he had beene absolued: when the Praetor, taking the wri [...]ten Law in his hand, and hauing read the hundred and first head thereof, wherein were these formall words, Let the Praetor giue s [...]ntence, according to the opinion of the great [...]r part of the Iudges, hee record [...]d not the ab [...]olution; but wrote, that of three orders, the Senatorian, Equestri­an, and Plebeian; two h [...]d absolued, and not condemned him. Af [...]er this, Appius againe impor [...]uning; hee con­tracted with Lucius Lollius, and [...]ayd, that hee would register the absolution. And thus Seruilius, neither absolued, nor condemned, but halfe defam [...]d, must answer to Pilius imputations. Ap­pius also himselfe would haue accused him of such a misdemeanor: but ha­uing sworne him false accuser of his fa­ther, he durst not contend with Pilius, which of them two should plead against him. He was also accused by the Seruilij, as one that raked vp money in the Pro­uince, by vnlawfull meanes: And be­sides this, by a certaine friend of his, who was wont to be his instrument, in accusing of others, him [...]lfe was accu­sed of violence committed. They both hang well together. As for the state of the Common-wealth; the bu­sinesse of the Ga [...]iae, hath cros [...]ed other businesses for m [...]ny daies. But at last, after it had beene diuers times debated [Page 390] of, and suspended, Pompeyes pleasure being knowne, that the next March to come, Caesar should giue ouer his go [...]uernment, the Senate passed a decree, which I send vnto you. Which was subscribed vnto, by the Senators, here­vnder nominated. The last of Septem­tember, in [...]he Temple of Apollo, there were present, Lucius Domitius Aenobar­bus, son to Cu [...]ius; Quinius Cicilius Me­ [...]ellus Pius Scipio, son to Quintus; Lu [...]ius Villius Annalis, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Potina; Caius Septi [...]ius, son to Ti [...]us, of the Tribe Quirina; Caius Lu [...] ­ceius Hirrus, son to Caius, of the Tribe Pupinia; Caius Scribonius Curio, son to Caius, of the Tribe Popilia; L [...]cius At­teus Capito, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Aniensis; Marcus Oppius, son to Mar­cus, of the Tribe Terentina. Marcus Marcellus, Consull hauing propounded the nomination of the Consular Pro­uinces, the Senate enacted thereupon this present decree: That Lucius Paul­lus, and Caius Marcellus, Consuls for the future yeere; on the Calends of March, which will bee the first day of their Ma­gistracie, should propound vnto the Senate, the affaires of the Consular Prouinces, and onely propound it, o­mitting all other businesses: And that in this, they should not haue respect to the ordinary impediment of those daies, when the people are called to parlia­ment: [Page 391] to the end that the decree may passe howsoeuer: and when they doe this, they shall haue ample authoritie, to l [...]t none of those Senators enter into counsell, which are in the number of the three hundred Iudges: and in case it be needfull, to speake thereof, to the people, or Plebeians, that Seruiu [...] Sul­p [...]ius, and Marcus Marc [...]llus, Consuls for the present yeere, or the Praetors, or Trib [...]nes of the people, whether of them, they thinke good, shall take care to discharge this office: and if the fore­mentioned will not doe it, the Magi­strates of the yeere [...]ollowing, shall not faile to performe it. A note of the Se­nators, which confirmed the decree. The last of September, in the Temple of Apollo, there were present, Lucius Domi­tius Aenobarbus, son to Cneius; Quintus Cicili [...] Metellus Piu [...] Scipio, son to Quin­tus; Lucius Villius Annalis, son to Lu­cius, of the Tribe Pon [...]ina; Caius Sep [...]i­mius, son to Titus, of the Tribe Quirina; Caius Scribonius Curio, son to Caius, of the Tribe Pupinia; Lucius Atteius Capi­to, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Aniensis; and Marcus Oppi [...], son to Marcus, of the Tribe Tere [...]tina. Marcus Marcell [...], Consull, hauing propounded the mo­tion of the Prouinces; the Senate cen­sured, that none of those, that haue power to hinder, or oppose, should put in any delay, that the Consuls might [Page 392] not presently propound to the Senate, and the Senate forthwith deliberate of things appertaining to the Common-wealth. Whosoeuer shall oppose; the Senate iudgeth such an one, to haue at­tempted against the Common-wealth. And if any resist the present decree; the Senate ordaines, that his opinion bee set downe in writing, and bee discussed of in the Senate, and in the present [...] of the people. To this decree, Caius Coeli­us, Lucius Vicinius, Publius Cornelius, and Caius Vibius P [...]nsa, opposed them­selues. Besides, it hath pleased the Se­nate, concerning the Souldiers that were in Caius Caesars armie; that, of such of th [...]m, as had finished the terme of their seruice, or had any iust occasion to giue ouer their entertainment, the Se­nate might be informed, that their rea­sons may bee considered. If any man resist this decree, the Senates pleasure is, that his minde be put in writing, and that the matter bee propounded to the Senate and people. This decree Caius Coelius, and Caius Pans [...], Tribunes of the people, withstood. And besides this; the Senates pleasure is, that the next yeere, the Praetors of the yeere present bee sent, into the Prouince of Cilicia, and into the other eight Pro­uinces, which are gouerned by those that haue beene Praetors; and that they that are sent, shall be sent by lot; and if [Page 393] these bee not so many as may suffice, that Praetors bee chosen out by lot, of the next precedent yeeres, which haue not beene in gouernment; and that they be sent by lot, to the gouernment of the sayd Prouinces. And if there be not so many of these, as may bee suffi­cient; that one after another, the Prae­tors of the immediate next yeeres cast lots, that haue not beene deputed to gouernment; and let this bee so long done, while the number of them is made vp, which are to bee sent, to the gouernment of the Prouinces. If any oppose this d [...]cree, let his minde bee specified in writing to the Senate. This decree, Caius Coe [...]ius, and Caius Pansa, Tribunes of the people, oppo­sed. Moreouer, it was obserued by those words of Cneius Pompeius, and great hopes therby was conceiued, that hee could not without iniustice, deter­mine of Caesars prouinces, be [...]ore the Calends of March: but that after the Calends, hee would thinke there­upon: And being demanded, what if any man should then oppose? he answe­red; that it should be as much as if Cae­sar should suborne one, not to suffer the Senate to delib [...]rate; as if openly hee should deny to obey it. And what if he, (said another) would be Consull, and keepe the Armie too? he replied, free from choller. What if my sonne, would [Page 394] giue me the bastanado? By these words it was collected, that Pompeie, and Cae­sar were not of accord. Whereupon, Caesar, as I perceiue, will now discend to one of these two conditions; ei­ther to remaine in the gouernement of the Gaules, and so being absent he cannot demaund the Consulship: or else obtaining it, he will depart. Curio sets himselfe wholly against him. I know not what he can doe. But I see, that he aymes at a good end, and there­fore cannot be ruinated. He shewes me great courtesie. But the present hee made me, will redound to my losse. For if he had not giuen me those Panthers, which were brought out of Africa, for his sports; peraduenture I had neuer entred into this dance. But seeing I am entred, and that I must celebrate my sports: I put you in mind of that, which so often I haue written; that you'le pro­cure me some Beast, from those parts. And I commend vnto you the credite I haue with Sitius. I haue sent Philo thi­ther my free-man, and Diogenes Graecus: who will speake to you in my name, and deliuer you my letters. I recom­mend them both vnto you, and the cause for which I sent them: the which, how much it imports me, you shall see in the letters, that they shal present you. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 9.

DOe you thinke that Hirrus re­main'd scorned? but you doe not well know all. For if you knew how ea­sily, and with how little paines I put him downe, you would blush; calling to mind, how he was sometimes so im­pudent as to concurre with you. And after this repulse, he laughes with euery man: to counterfeit a good Cittizen, he speakes against Caesar: he blames the Senate, for being so slacke to delibe­rate: he followes Curio with ill words: what needes more? this repulse hath made him change nature. Besides this; though he neuer appeared in the Forum, and hath little practise in pleading: yet is there not a more courteous aduocate then he. He entertaines and followes euery cause, but seldome after noone. I wrote vnto you, that on the xiij. of August, the matter of the Prouinces would be determined: but because Marcellus chosen Consull for the yeare following, was of another opinion, it is put ouer to the first of September. The Consulls were so farre from doing any thing els, that they could not bring many Senators to Counsell. I sent not these, before to day, which is the second [Page 396] of September: and hitherto no course at all is taken. For any thing I see [...] this cause will be deferred ti [...]l the next yeare: and so farre as I conceiue, you must leaue one in the gouernment of the Prouince. For otherwise exchange cannot be made; se [...]ing it cannot be resolued, that a new gouernour should be sent into the Galli [...]; which must needs stand in the same condition, that other Prouinces doe. Of this I make no doubt: and I meant to write to you thereof, that you might know how to dispose of your selfe. Almost in euery letter I write vnto you of the Panthers. It will be l [...]ttle credite to you, that Pa­tiscus should send ten to Curio, and that you should not send me many more. Curio gaue me those ten, with other ten besides, which he had out of Afri [...]a: to the end, you m [...]y not suppose, that he can onely giue possessions. You may h [...]ue as many as you will, so you will be mindfull, in sending to call for those Cybiratae; and writing into Pam [...]hilia, where they say a number are taken: and I importune you more now, then vsu­ally, for I determine to solemnize my spo [...]ts separate from my Colleague. For my sake, straine your nature a little: vse diligence herein. You were wont to be pleased, as well as my selfe; to haue but fe [...] businesses; now, you shall h [...]ue no [...]urther trouble, then to speake, that is [Page 397] to command, and giue in charge. For when they are taken, you may leaue the ca [...]e of keeping and conducting them, to those men, whom I haue sent, to re­couer my debt of Si [...]ius. And peraduen­ture if you put me in hope of hauing them, I will send others for the same purpose. Marcus Fe [...]idius, a Romane knight comes in those parts for his oc­casions. He is an honest young man, vali [...]nt, and sonne to a friend of mine. I recommend him to you, and entreate you to repute him in the number of your friends. He hath certaine land in your Prouince, which payes part of the increase. He would by your fauour be free'd from this imposition. Which thing is both easie, and honest for you to grant him: and you shall bestow a benefit, vpon men gratefull, mindfull, and replenished with bountie. I would not haue you thinke, that Fauonius hath not had their fauour, who sell their voyces at a price, but he found none of the better sort of Cittizens fauourable to him. Your Pompeius sayes openly, that he will neuer permit, that Caesar shall hold his Prouince, with an Armie and be Consull: neuerthelesse, he gaue councell, that the Senate should not for the present, enter into any other deli­beration; and [...]hat Scipio, should be ex­pected to deliuer his opinion thereof, the first of March: and that then the [Page 398] matter should be propounded in the Senate, and that nothing else should be done, before this be ended. Which opinion daunted Balbus Cornelius, and I know hee complain'd thereof to Scipio. Calidius in defending himselfe, was most eloquent, in accusing ano­ther, rather cold then otherwise. Fare­well.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 10.

WE were much grieued a [...] the newes, which by the letters of Caius Cassius, and King Deiotarus, we vnderstood. Cassius writes, that the Parthian souldiers haue passed Euphra­tes: Deiotarus, that they came into our Prouince, by the countrey of the Co­magens: There was none more vexed then my selfe, and that for your cause: knowing that you are ill prouided in your Armie, and fearing least this com­motion, might cause some preiudice to your honour, for I should feare your life, if you had a greater Armie. But be­cause it is but little I imagine, you will not ioyne battaile, of which necessitie, I know not what construction will be made. I c [...]nnot certainely, rid my mind [Page 399] of this care, till I vnderstand that you are come into Italie. But this newes of the Parthians passage, hath raised vp di­uers opinions. Some giue counsell, to send Pompeius thither: others, that he should be retain'd at Rome: othersome, that Caesar should be sent with his Ar­mie: and others, that the Consuls should repaire thither. But no man is of opinion, that this enterprise is to be committed to priuate Cittizens. And the Consuls fearing least, the Senate should send them, or conferre this charge vpon some other to their dis­grace, vse all meanes to preuent a sessi­on of the Senate. So as they appeare not to be very careful, in the necessities of the Common-wealth. But this negli­gence, or cowardise, or feare, whether we may call it, is couered with rea­sonable pretexts, making shew that they refuse the Prouince, out of modestie. Your letters are not yet arriued, and, if those of Deiotarus, had not come so suddenly, men were about to beleeue, that Cassius had fayned the Parthian warre, and caused the Arabians to o­uer-runne his Prouince, to the end it might seeme endamaged not by him, but by the enemie. Whereupon, by my aduise, you shall write with diligence, and warily, how matters there passe: to the end it may not appeare, that ei­ther you haue followed any mans hu­mor, [Page 400] or concealed any particular of importance. Now the yeare is at an end; for the xviij. of Nouember, I wrote these presents, I see not how any thing can be concluded before Ianuary. You know how cold, and slow Marcel­lus is: and in like manner, how sl [...]ck [...] Seruius is. What may you iudge of these men? and how can you beleeue, they will doe that which they haue no mind vnto, when they performe that vvhich they affect, so coldly? for they seeme to haue no will thereunto. At the change of Magistrates, if the Par [...]hian warre proceed, this mannage will spend the first moneths: but if there be no warre there, or onely the same; that you, or your successors, with the least succours sent, may prosequute it: I see Curio, will vse all meanes; first to crosse Caesa [...] and then to assist Pompeius, in what soeuer thing he can; little, or great. Paullus by loftie words, shewes what a desire he hath to goe into the Prouin [...]e. To whose ambition, our Furnius will op­pose himselfe: touching others I know not what to thinke. I h [...]ue written to you, what I know. I cannot see, what else will happen. I see that time produceth many things, and that many daily are a framing: but they'le be all comprehended withi [...] these bounds. I will not for [...]et to certi [...]ie you, how Cu­rio sues for a diuision of the Campa [...] ter­ritorie: [Page 401] It is said, Caesar cares little for it: but that Pompeius desires much, it should be diuided: to the end that C [...] ­sar at his comming may not enioy it. As for your departing out of the Pro­uince, I cannot promise you to ob­taine, that a successor may be sent you; but I assure you, your time shall not bee prolonged. If in regard of the present warre, the Senate enioyne you to re­maine there; and if you may not refuse it with your honor: you may take what course you thinke good: 'Tis sufficient for me, that I remember, with vvhat vehemencie at your departure, you en­treated me, that I would not permit, the time of your office, to be prolon­ged. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 11.

YOur supplications procured no long, but great trouble; there was a strange obstacle interposed it selfe: For Curio your louing friend, s [...]eing himselfe too vniustly cros [...] by the Con­suls, that hee could not treate of any thing with the people, gaue to vnder­stand, that he would in no wise sup­port, that a decree should passe in the [Page 402] matter of supplications; not to loose that, which through P [...]ullus furie, hee had purchased: to the end it might ne­uer be said, that hee had betrayed the people. Whereupon wee accorded with the Consuls, that this yeare they should propound no other supplica [...]i­ons to the Senate but yours; In truth, you must thanke both the Consulls, but especially Paullus: For Marcellus answe­red Curio, that he had no hope in these supplications: Paullus said that for this yeare, he would not procure them for any other. It was told vs that Hirrus would oppose vs [...] I sounded him: he was not onely, not contrarie vnto vs, but comming to the matter of the ene­mies: when he might easilie haue hin­dered the cause, if he had but deman­ded the number of the sl [...]ine; hee re­mained sil [...]nt: onely he said; hee was cont [...]nt to be referred to what Cato had said: who had commended you, but yet not counselled, that your supplica­tions should be granted. The like did Fa [...]nius. So that hauing respect to the nature, and fashion of euery one; you should thank the three forementioned, and Curio: them, because though they spake not in your fauour, yet they shew­ed a good minde, and being able to offend you, entred into no opposition: Curio, because he interrupted the course of his owne actions for your sake. Fur­nius, [Page 403] and Lentulus, as reason required, no otherwise, then as interessed in their owne honour, ioyned heads with vs. I may also praise my selfe, for the indea­uor and friendly solicitation of Balbus Cornelius, who spake effectually to Curio, af [...]irming that if he did otherwise, he should wrong Caesar, and giue him oc­casion to esteeme him for a counterfeit friend. Domitius, and Scipio, who grudged: that you should haue this ho­nour, were notwithstanding assistant. Doe you know the cause? because they thought the matter would neuer haue past: to whom Curi [...], perceiuing that in vrging him to oppose, they solicited the effect, answered like an honest man; that he was not willing to contrarie it, because hee sawsome, who procured the supplications, would not haue them take effect. A [...] for the state of the Common-wealth, they are yet indis­cussing the businesse about the Prouin­ces, neither do th [...]y treate of any thing else. It seemes that Pompei [...]s, and the Senate are agreed together, that Caesar shall leaue the Galliae, before the xiij of Nouember. Curio is resolued to expose himselfe to any disaster, rather then suffer this: and hath giuen ouer all his other enterprises. But our friends, whose humor you well know, dare not come, to the triall. The somme of all is this. Pompeius, to shew that hee la­bours [Page 404] not against Caesar, but constitutes that which he thinkes to be but reason, saith, that Curio seekes to raise discords. But he will permit by no meanes, and feareth much, that Caesar will be elected Consull, before he haue left the Army, and the Prouince. Curio treates him ve­ry crossely: and speakes hardly of his second Consulship. I conclude, that if the Senate extend the vttermost of their authoritie to suppres [...]e Curio, Caes [...]r will be de [...]ended: but if they feare, his resistance, as they make shew, Caesar shall r [...]maine in his prouince as long as he will. What each mans opinion in the Senate was, you shall finde it [...]n the booke, of such matters as passed in Rome. Wherin you may only read that, that you shall thinke worthie to be vn­derstood, and passe ouer many oth [...]r toyes, inserted therein to no purpose, especially of sports, obsequies, and o­ther such like things. For I had rathe [...] erre, in [...]xposing to your vnderstand­ing, that which [...]ou desire not to know, then in omitting any thing, which was requisite to be vnderstood. I am glad, you were mindefull of my debt, with Sitius, but seeing you perceiue them [...]la [...]ke enough in obseruing their pro­mise, I pray you to be carefull of it, as mine Attourney. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 12.

I Am ashamed to confesse vnto you the truth, and to complaine of App [...]us, as ingratefull toward [...] me [...] as a man may be. For a [...]ter the receiuing of ma­ny benefits from me, not being able to frame his auaritious nature, to requi [...]e me: he begins to beare me hatred, and hath stirred vp warre against me se­cretly. And yet not so secretly, but that, besides the being of it made knowne vnto me by many, I my selfe perceiued, that hee bare a very bad minde towards m [...]. But after I found out, how he had wrought the Coll [...]dge of Augures, & spoken openly to som [...], that he would order the matter with Domitius, who, so farre as I perceiue, is my great enemie, that Pompeius should accuse me; I could not, knowing him to be indebted to me for his life, frame my minde to entreate him, that hee would not doe me such an iniurie. But what did I? I spake presently with some Friends, who were witnesses of my de­serts towards him: And when I saw my selfe of so little esteeme with him, that he would not vouchsafe to come vnto me and excuse himselfe. I rather made choyce to be beholding to Lucius [Page 406] Piso his Colleague, who as well [...]or o­ther respects, as for your sake, wish't me ill; then to come before that Ape. Which, when he knew, being puf [...] vp with choler, said, that I sought, to break with him: as if I took occasion, [...]o [...] not being payed, to persecute him. After­wards he forbare not to cal vnto him in publike, Serui [...]s the accuser, and to plot with Domitius: and betwixt them three, finding no iust cause to accuse me: they deuis [...]d a way; but did not perceiue, that they could not hurt me: and like insolent men tooke order, to call me to iudgement, the last day of my Circensi­an sports, by the law Scantinca [...] Seruius had scarcely made an end of speaking, when also by the same law, I call [...]d Appius the C [...]n [...]or in iudgement. I ne­uer saw a matter betterfall out: For the people, and [...]uery inferior man seemed to take so great satisfaction therin; that the aspersion of this made Appius more to grieue, then the accusation. After this I demanded a Chappell, which hee had in his house [...] The long delaie of this seruant, hath much wronged me. For after I deliuered him this, he stayed for the letters of more then [...]ortie. I know not what to write; but you know that Domitius feares the day of hearing I [...]xpect you with great desire, and wish to see you presently. I pray you so grieue at my iniuries, as you imagine I [Page 407] was wont both to be sorrie for yours, and to reuenge them. Farewell.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 13.

I Am glad you haue married y [...]ur daughter to Dolabilla; who, in the conceit I haue of him, is certainely a man of great goodnesse. For, what be­lo [...]gs to his other defects, by which hitherto, hee hath got himselfe but little profit, they are now worne out, with his yeeres. And if any yet re­maine, I assure my selfe, your conuer­sation, your authority, and your daugh­ters mod [...]sty, will correct them. For, hee is not obdurate in vices, neither wants hee wit, to discerne what is best Further, a great occasion of this ioy, is the loue I [...]eare him Doe you see, Ci­cero, how C [...]io hath compassed his in­tents? For, his resistance being scann'd in the Senate, as it was determined; and Marcus Marcellus perswading, that the Tribunes should bee moued in it; the Senate would not consent thereunto. Pompeius hath now such a weake sto­macke, that almost nothing can bee [...]ound to please him. The Senate had decree'd, that hee who would not dis­misse [Page 408] his armie, & the prouinces, could not stand for the Consulship: which, how it will please Pompeius, when hee perceiues, what will become of the Common-wealth, if he either cannot, or care not; I leaue for you old, rich men to consider. Quintus Hortensius, when I wrote these, dyed. Farewell.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 14.

IF you had taken the King of the Par­thians, and vanquished the Citie of Se­leucia, it were nothing, in respect of the being present at these things. Your eyes would neuer haue pained you more, if you had but seene Domitius countenance, when hee had the repulse for the Augureship. The contestation was great, each party hauing many fa­uours. Few respected merit; euery one assisted his kinsman, or friend. So that Domitius is my great enemy: insomuch, as hee hates not that acquaintance of his, whom you wot of, as he doth me: and the rather, because he thinkes he had wrong done him; and that I was the principall occasion of the iniurie. Now, he is starke mad, that men so re­ioyce at his crosse, and that I was so fa­uourable [Page 409] to Antonius. Afterwards, he accu [...]ed Cneius Saturninus, the younger; one, questionlesse, for his life past, in­famous. And now the issue of this tri­all is expected. And he conceiues good hopes, because Sixtus Peducius was ab­solued. Concerning the sta [...]e of the Common-wealth, I haue written ma­ny times to you, that I can yet discerne no peace. And the more this contro­uersie encreaseth, further then is con­uenient, so much more imminent the danger appeares. Pompeius is resolued, not to suffer Caius Caesar to bee made Consull by any meanes, before hee leaues the armie, and the Prouinces: vpon which the cheefe of the Citie will contest, that Caesar, except he first giue ouer his armie, and the one, and other G [...]llia, shall not bee created Consull. On the contrarie, Caesar is of a constant opinion, that he leauing the armie, his ruine will ensue. Yet he offers this con­dition, that both of them should leaue off their armie. And so, that loue, and discommendable vnion, turnes not in­to secret hatred; but to a manifest war. I know not what side to take, and I thinke for the same cause also, you will be much perplexed. For one part I loue, and am beloued: in the other, I hate the opinions, not the men: and I think you know, that euerie one followes the more honest part, while they proceede [Page 410] without armes: But when they come to a war, the strongest; supposing that to be most honest, which is most se­cure in this discord: I see, that Cneius Pompeius will haue the Senate and Iud­ges of his party; and to Caesar, all those will apply themselues, that liue in feare, or with cold hopes. The armies will not be equall: but there will bee time enough, to consider the forces of ei­ther part, and to choose the best. I had almost forgot to write one thing to you, which was not to bee omitted. Know you, that Appius the Censor does miracles? Know you, that hee abates the pompe of statues, and pictures? that hee allots the measure of land? that hee constraines debtors to pay? hee thinkes the Censorship, is either paste of beane-floure, or niter: but in my opinion, he is deceiued: for, minding to purge himselfe of filthinesse, he opens all his veines, and all his bowels. Run, I beseech you, for Gods and mens sake, and come quickly to laugh at these nouelties; that Drusus is constituted Iudge of the accused, by the Scantinean Law: and Appius is about statues and pictures, I'le promise yee, you haue cause to come in haste. 'Tis thought Curio hath done very wisely, in permit­ting a stipend to be giuen to Pompeius. To conclude, will you know, what I iudge must fall out? If one of them go [Page 411] not against the Parthians, I see cruell discords will arise, which must bee en­ded with the sword. Either of them hath a great minde, and great forces. If infinite danger had not therin con­curred, Fortune had prepared for you, a great, and pleasant spectacle. Fare­well.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 15.

When did you euer see a more foolish man then Cneius Pom­peius; who vsing to promise so many things, hath raised so many disorders? But when did you either read, or heare, of one more prompt, and couragious in an enterprize, then our Caesar, and more temperate after victorie? But what will you say to this other thing? If you did but see our souldiers now, who haue done nothing all the winter, but march in the raine, and winde, thorow difficult and cold places; you would thinke they had eaten of the most de­licate apples, that could be gotten. Oh! will you say, you begin to glory in good time. But, if you knew in what tur­moyles I am, you would scoffe at this [Page 412] my glorie, which nothing concernes me. I cannot write my gr [...]efe vnto you: but I hope shortly, to open it, by word of mouth. For, Caesar determines to call me to Rome, when hee hath driuen Pompeiu [...] out of Ita [...]y: which I [...]hinke is already performed: Exc [...]pt he had ra­ther be [...]eaguer him in Brundusium I would I were dead; if the infinite desire I haue to see you, and communicate vnto you, all my secrets; bee not the greatest occasion of my comming thi­ther so suddenly. I haue a thousand things to tel you. I am afraid, lest, as ma­ny times it fals out, I shall haue forgot­ten them all, when I see you. But what offence haue I committed, that I must now goe towards the Alpes? And to goe thither about the Intimelij, who, for a matter of nothing are vp in armes? Bellienus, seruant somtime to Demetrius, borne of a mayd seruant; who was there with some strength, tooke one Domitius, a Gentle-man of that towne, and a friend to Caesar: and hauing recei­ued money of the contrarie party, cau­sed him to be strangled. The City rose vp in armes; whereupon I must now goe thither thorow the snow, with two thousand Foot. Certainely, will you say, the Domi [...]ij haue ill fortune euerie where? And I would that Caesar, who is descended from Venus, had beene so resolute against your Domitius, as Bellie­nus, [Page 413] who was borne of an hand-mayd, was against this other. Salute your son in my name. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 16.

I Felt my life leaue mee, in reading your letters: by which I vnderstood, that none but melancholly thoughts possest your minde. And though you haue not cleerely layd open your mea­ning; neuerthelesse, you haue made manifest, what your disposition was. I presently wrote these letters vnto you. I pray you, my Cicero; I coniure you; by the care you haue of your own state, by the loue that you beare to your chil­dren, that no resolution come into your minde, by which your own safety, or that you possesse, may incurre any danger. For, I call Gods to witnesse, I call men, and our entire amitie; that I neuer foretold, or put you in minde of any thing, which proceeded not from deliberate counsell: but since I spake with Caesar, and by him vnde [...]stood, what his determination was, after vi­ctorie obtained: I gaue you therof ad­uertisement. If you suppose, that what [Page 414] Caesar was in the prosecution of his courses, the same he will bee in pardo­ning his aduersaries; your conceit de­ceiues you. Euery thought of his, is cruell and rigorous, and also euery word. Hee departed angry with the Senate. These oppositions of the Tri­bunes of the people, vext him verie much. I assure you, hee will open his eare to no humiliations. Wherefore, if any affection towards your selfe, or to the onely son you haue; if of your fa­mily, or any other thing within your hopes moue you; if you haue any re­spect to vs, or your son in law, so honest a man; you should not disturbe their fortunes, by imposing a necessitie vpon vs, of hating or abandoning that part, on whose victorie our saftie depends; or, by being an occasion, that against your preseruation, we beare wicked re­solutions. Finally, you must consider, that what displeasure soeuer you could shew to Pompeius, you haue absolutely done it him, in this your delay. Now, if you thinke to stir against the Con­querour; whom, while euents were doubtfull, you neuer went about to of­fend; and to accompanie them that are now put to flight, whom you would not follow in time, when they made resistance: 'tis the greatest folly of the world. Take heed, whilest you count it shame, with little care to prosecute [Page 415] the office of a good Citizen, lest you be carelesse of your owne good. But if I cannot absolutely perswade you to what I would; at least attend, till aduer­tisements come, of the successe in Spain: the which I can tel you, at Caesars arriual will be ours. Wheron their hopes will depend, when Spain is lost, I cānot per­ceiue. And being so; what reasō should perswade you, to ioyne with desperate people, I cannot with my selfe imagine. This your intention, which, without telling it, you intimated to mee, was now come to Caesars eare: and as soon, as hee had saluted mee; what hee had heard of you, he presently told me. I said, I knew nothing. Yet I entreated him, that he would be pleased to write vnto you a letter, which might per­swade you not to leaue Italie. He takes me along with him into Spaine. For if this were not, before I went to Rome, I would come poasting to you where­soeuer; and being present with you, I would feruently haue discharged such an office; and with all my power r [...]tai­ned you. Be verie warie, my good Cic [...] ­ro, that you be not an occasion of vtter ruine, to your selfe, and all yours [...] and that you put not your selfe wittingly into that danger, out of which you see there is no hope for you any way to e­scape. And if the cries of Cit [...]izens reputed honest, doe moue you; or that [Page 416] you cannot [...]toope to support the pride and insolencie of some particulars: me thinkes you should do well to make choyce of some towne farre from the tumult of armes, while these things are dispatch'd, of which the finall effect is expected. If you thus dispose of your selfe, I shall iudge that you haue done wisely, and you shall not herein offend Caesar. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 17.

ACcursed bee the Fortune, which was the cause, that I was rather in Spaine then at Formiae, when you went to Pompeius. But I would to God, that either Appius Claudius had not beene of your part, or Caius Curio of ours; whose friendship hath drawne me to that side, which maintaines the more vniust cause. For I know, that hatred, and loue haue bereaued me of my best sen­ses. And you also, when I came to you by night to Ariminum, performed the office of an excellent Cittizen, but not of a Friend; giuing me commission to treate of peace with Caesar, without ad­uising me at all in that, which concer­ned me. Neither thinke I speake this, [Page 417] as fearing that our part shall not van­quish: but certainely 'tis better to die, then see these men. And were it not for feare of your crueltie; we had long time since, beene expelled from hence [...] where there is no man, nor any socie­ty, besides a few vsurers, which is not a Pompeian. I haue procured, that the Plebeians especially, and people, are yours, which first were ours. For what occasion, you'le say? but li [...]ten to the remainder. I'le make you ouercome though you would not. You sleepe: and in my opinion yee obser [...]e not, where we lie open, and are most weak. And this I will not doe in hope of re­ward, but because wrath, and choler are of great for [...]e in me. What doe you there? attend you battaile, which you cannot tell how to maintaine? I know not what manner of men yours are: but our soldiers are inur'd to fight manfully, and to sup­port all cold, & famine. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Terentius Varro. Epist. 1.

AT [...]icus read a letter of yours vnto me; by which I vn­derstood what you doe, and where you are; but I could not learne when we should see you. Yet I hope that yo [...]r comming in neere at hand; which Gods grant, that it may disburden me in part of the afflictions I suffer: although, we are o­uerwhelmed with so heauie a ruine, that hee would s [...]ew him [...]elfe but a [Page 420] foole, that should any wayes hope to be eased. But howsoeuer we may per­aduenture in some sort helpe one ano­ther. For after I came to Rome, I recon­ciled my selfe to my old friends, that is, to my bookes; whose conuersation I had left: not because I was angry wi [...]h them, but in that I was a [...]hamed: it ap­pearing vnto me, that I had not obeyed their instructions, in that I exposed my selfe to danger for the loue of such, as were not faithfull friends. But they par­don me, and call me to my vsuall stu­dies, saying, that you haue beene wiser by whom they were neuer forsaken. Wher [...]fore, seeing I am in fauour with them, I nourish good hopes, that I shall easily, when I see you, passe [...]uer the burden, bo [...]h of present, and future e­uils. Therefore, if you please, let vs retire either to Tusculanum, or to your C [...]ma [...]um; or else, (which by no means I would) to Rome: so we may be toge­ther, I'le assuredly b [...]ing matters to that passe, that bo [...]h of vs, shall reape benefit. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Ep. 2.

OVR Caninius comming to me ve­ry late; and telling me, that the day following in the morning, hee was [Page 421] to come to you: I told him, that in the morning I would giue him a letter; and desired him to returne for it. I wrote in the night, and yet he returned not. I thought he had forgotten it. Yet I would not haue f [...]iled to send you it by one of mine, if by the foresaid partie, I had not vnderstood, that the day fol­lowing in the morning, you were to depart from Tusculanum. A few daies after, Caninius comes early, beyond my expectation; and tels me that euen then he was to come to you; I would not haue that Epistle to be frustrate, which I wrote in the night: and so; though it were old; (especially so much newes hauing since occurred;) yet I gaue it him. And to him, who is a learned man, and your good friend, I deliuered as much by word of mouth, as he by this time ha [...]h communicated vnto you. In my opinion, wee must both shunne the eyes of the mul [...]i [...]ude, though their tongues we cannot. For the Victors, exalted in pride through victorie, looke vpon vs as vanquish [...]d: and they who grieue, that our faction hath lost, fret, that we are still aliue. Why then, you will peraduenture say, take not you a course to liue out of Rome, as I doe? Because, you go before me, and euery man else in prudence. I thinke all secret things are manifest to you: you neuer erred. Who is so [Page 422] quicke-sighted, that walking through such darkenesse, may not stumble som­times? and yet I bethought my selfe long since; that it had beene good, to goe into some part; not to see, nor heare, what is heere done, and spoken [...] But after I had considered with my selfe; I imagined, that whosoeuer met me, would surmise at his pleasure; or else, if he suspected nothing, he might say; This man either feares; and be­cause he is afraid flyeth: or he hath some proiect in his head; and a ship readie prouided. In conclusion, hee that suspected least ill, and knew me peraduenture more inwardly; would thinke that I bare hatred to certaine persons, and that I left Rome, for no o­ther cause, but by reason I could not suffer mine eyes to behold them. These cogitations haue detained me in Rome hitherto: besides, that leng [...]h of time, hath by little and little caused as it were an insensibilitie of minde to grow in me, so that it feeles no longer. You haue vnderstood the reasons that kept me in Rome. Concerning your courses, I am of opinion, 'twere good for you to staie where you are, till this exulta­tion be somewhat abated: till it bee knowne what end the warre hath had: for I make no doubt but ended it is: and it auailes much to vnderstand, after victorious successe; what disposition [Page 423] the Conquerour manifested. Though I may imagine it: yet I expect to vnder­stand it. If you will follow my coun­sell, you shall no [...] goe to Baiae, before you see all these reports setled that flie abroad. For it will bee greater honour to vs; then d [...]parting from hence, it be thought we are retired into those pla­ces, rather to mourne, then to bath our selues. But herein, I referre my selfe to your wisedome: I thinke good that we tie our selues to this resolution, to liue together in our studies, and so much the rather, because whereas before, we stu­died onely for contentment of minde, now we are reduced to such a point, as without the sustentation of letters, our life would faile vs. If any would make vse of our counsell, and endeauour, to recouer the consumed bodie of the Common-wealth; then indeed, leauing studies, wee must runne to the perfor­mance of so worthie an office; And fortune denying vs this wished occasi­on, to practise in the Senate, and Fo­rum; wee will [...]race the foot-steps of those so learned, ancients, partly com­posing as they did, about the true form, of liuing well, and gouerning iustly: partly also in reading their workes. By which studie, if we cannot otherwise, we shall benefit the Common-wealth. This is my opinion. I should be glad, that you would write vnto mee, [Page 424] what resolution and opinion you are of. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 3.

I Had nothing to write: yet Cani­nius com [...]ing to you, I would not haue him depart without my let­ters [...] But what should I write vnto you? that which I thinke you desire; that I will shortly come to visite you. Al­though 'tis a matter to be considered of, how conuenient it is; that now when the Cittie is so ouerladen with miseries, we should goe to the Bathes; which are places of solace. We shall mi­nister matter to them to talke of, who know not; that by changing of place, we neither change life, nor [...]ustomes. And yet we cannot auoyd, the talking thereof. But what remedie? in retiring our selues to a reposed life, now when all men are employed in wicked and bad actions, should we regard the be­ing censured? I resolue constantly to contemne the ignorant vulgar, and to follow your footsteps. For though our m [...]series be very great; [...]et it seemes the studie of ver [...]ue, is now more bene­ficiall vnto vs, then it was at oth [...]r times: or be it that in this storme, wee see no other Port; or else that the grie­uousnesse [Page 425] of the infirmity makes vs the better to know the necessitie, or want of Physicke; whose efficacie we did not discerne, while we were healthfull. But what do I? The writing of these things to you; in whose house they properly growe, is a carrying (as they say) of Owles to Athens. But I wrot them for no other end, but to giue you an occa­sion to write vnto me something backe againe; and to acquaint you with my comming. Therefore answere, and ex­pect me. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 4.

KNow, that of things possible, I hold the same opinion with Dio­dorus: and therefore if you are to come: I say it is necessary that you come: and if you are not to come; on the contra­ry; I say, that it is impossible you should come. Now to this purpose, examine whither be the better opinion, this of Diodorus: or that of Chrisippus, which pleased not our Diodorus very well. But wee'le discourse together of this argu­ment, at a more conuenient time. Which according to Chrisippus, is possible to happen; but it is not for all that, neces­sarie. As for Costius, it contented mee well, and I had giuen commission also [Page 426] therein to Atticus. If you come not to vs, we wil come to you flying. Let there be a garden in your Librarie, [and] it is no matter for the rest. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 5.

YEs indeed will it be a very fit time on the seuenth of the moneth, both in respect of the Common-wealth, and for the season of the yeare. Therefore I am pleased, that you made choice of this day, to which I also referre my selfe. They who followed not our course, we see they now repent them: and though they should doe otherwise, yet should not we repent vs. For wee went to the warre, not out of hope to ouercome, but through a desire, to dis­charge our duties to our Countrie: and when we left it, we abandoned not our duties, but a desperate enterprise. And so we had a greater care of our honour, then they that neuer stir'd from home: and more wisedome then those, who being vanquisht, and defeated, would not returne home. But aboue all things, it grieues me to see our selues so bitterly checkt by them, that neuer went out of Rome: and howsoeuer the matter be: I more esteeme those, that were slaine in [Page 427] the warre, then these men, who repine, that we suruiue. If I haue any time to come to Tusculanum, before the prefix­ed day, I will see you there: if not, I will finde you out in Cumanum: and I will send you word thereof before, that the Bathe may be readie, at my com­ming. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 6.

OVr Caninius told me in your be­halfe, that if there were any thing, vvhich I thought imported you to vn­derstand, that I should not faile to ad­uertise you thereof. You shall therefore vnderstand, that Caesar is expected: though I perswade my se [...]fe you know it. But notwithstanding he hauing writ­ten that he would come, as I remem­ber, into the Alsian territory: his friends wrote backe againe to him, that he should not come: For many would di­sturbe him, and he many: and that it were better for him to arriue at Ponti­num. I knew not, wherefore it imported him more, to arriue at Pontinum, then about Alsia: but Hirtius told me, he had vvritten of it to him: and that Balbu [...], and Oppiu [...] had done the like: all which three, I knew to be well affected to [Page 428] you. I meant to aduertise you of his comming, to the end, you might know in what place, or rather in which of these two places, you should prouide you of a lodging: for it is not certainly knovvne, where he will arriue. And I did it also, to informe you, that I am familiar with these men; and that they make me partaker of their counsels. Which, I cannot perceiue, why it should not like me. Although I support what is necessarie to be supported: yet it fol­lowes not, that I should commend that, which is not praise worthie. Though I know not, what I may not commend; besides the first occasions. For, what afterwards ensued, f [...]ll out through our errour. I savv, (for then you were not there) that our friends af­fected warre, and that Caesar desired it not so much, as he feared it not. The warre therefore grew through our de­fect: what after hapned, could not fall out otherwise: it being of necessitie, that one part must vanquish. I knovv your griefe, was equall with mine, per­ceiuing tha [...] a slaughter of innumerable Cittizens must ensue, with the death of the one, or other Generall: and besides this; knowing, that there could not be a worser inconuenience, then victorie of ciuill warres: the which I expected not from our enemies onely, but also from our friends: Who terribly threat­n [...]d [Page 429] [...]uch, as had not followed their [...]; and ha [...]ed both of vs: you, be­cau [...]e you desired peace, and me, in that I openly approued it. And if they had subdued, their victorie would haue bin cruell and immoderate. For th [...]y beare an incensed minde towardes vs; as if we had taken a course, that would not be as beneficiall to them, as to our selues, if they would haue followed it: or as if it had beene better to haue gone into Africa, hoping to ouercome, by meanes of the Elephants; then either to die, or liue with any better Fortune. Oh, we liue, in a turmoyled Common-wealth. I cannot denie it; but let them take care, that haue not prouided for any kind of life. And to come to this point, I haue extended my selfe, further then I would. For hauing euer reputed you, for a man of great worth; I now value you much more: For in this so generall a storme, almost you onely haue had the vnderstanding to retyre you into a Port; where rea [...]ing won­derfull fruits of your knowledge, you intellectuallie discourse of things of such a qualitie, as are much more esti­mable, then any profit, or pleasur [...] of these Conquerours. What sweete daies doe you enioy now in Tusculanum? This may truely bee termed a life. I vvould I might liue so; free from grea­ter disturbances. For I could vvillingly [Page 430] resigne ouer vnto others, all the riches of the world. But I doe what I can to imitate you, and with singular content­ment, I liue in the repose of studies. And why should not euery man graunt vs, now the Common-wealth, neither can, nor will employ vs, that we may retire to letters? The which, I know, by many learned men, (vvith what reason I cannot tell) were preferred before the Common-wealth. If therefore in the iudgement of famous men, we may ra­ther applie our mindes to these studies, then to the gouernment of publicke af­faires: how much more now, when the common-wealth her selfe is content therevvith, may vve follow them hour­ly? But I doe more then Caniniu [...] impo­sed vpon me: he vvisht me to aduertise you of matters you knevv not, and these that I now write vnto you, you know better then my selfe. Hereafter therefore, I'le be ruled by Caniniu [...] di­rection: I'le informe you onely of that which belongs to the quality of the pre­sent times, and that which I shall vnder­stand to import you. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 7.

I Was at supper with S [...]ius, when your letters were brought vs. I am of your [Page 431] opinion, that 'tis now time to depart from hence. And in that hithe [...]to I haue calumniated you; I'le tell you with what craft I did it. My minde was, that you should h [...]ue entertained the time, in some place neere hand, if happily we could obtaine the fauour of C [...]sar, when we went both together to meete him. Now, that euery thing is dispatch't, without any doubt or delay, we must be gone. For as soone as I heard of the death of Lucius Caesar the sonne; I [...]ayd vnto my selfe; what will he doe to me? whereupon I sup often with these men, which haue a kinde of dominion ouer vs. What should I doe? We must ob­serue the times. But let vs leaue [...]esting: for 'tis now time to be in earnest. A­ [...]rica is vp in armes, and trembles feare­fully. There is no disaster, which I feare not. But whereas you demaund of me, at what time he wil come, in what part, or into what place: Hitherto we know nothing. They say 'tis true, that he will disimba [...]ke at Baiae. Some thinke, that he may come by Sardinia. For the farme which he there hath, he neuer yet saw, neither hath he a worser, but yet he ac­counts of it. I rather beleeue, that he'le come by Sicilia: but we shall presently know it. For it cannot be, but Dolabella will arriue. I think [...], he shall be our Ma­ster. How many schollers are more suf­ficient then their Masters? Howsoeuer [Page 432] if I may vnderstand, what course you will t [...]k [...], my resolut [...]on shall be confor­m [...]ble to yours [...] and therefore I will attend your letters. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 8.

ALthough it be not the manner; no not of the common people, ex­cept they be vrged, to be importunate in dem [...]nding a present; whereof there was formerly an intention and promise made: neue [...]thelesse the expectation that I haue of your promise, mooues me not to sollicite, but to challenge you of performance. And I could not choose; but send you foure bookes: which shall admonish you to pay the debt, without any great respect. This new Academie, hauing, as I suppose you know, rather a presumptuous forme, then otherwise. And therefore I doubt, that these foure bookes, which I send vnto you, com­ming out of the center of the same A­cademie, will challenge your promise, with too much importunitie: which I haue enioyned them, that they s [...]ould but onely put you in minde, that I liued in expectation, that you would haue honoured me with the dedication of some worke of yours: and for this cause [Page 433] I forbare to write vnto you: to the end that hauing first seene your present, I might haue deuised the like to recom­pence you. But obseruing your slacke­nes [...]e, (though I will rather terme it di­ligence, then slacknesse) I could not forbeare to write the said bookes vnto you, to manifest vnto the world, in the best manner I could, the firme knot, both of our studies, and mutuall loue, by which we are con [...]oyned. And so I haue digested in forme of a Dialogue, that discourse we had together in Cu­m [...]num, Pomponius At [...]i [...]s being pre­sent. And because I conc [...]iued, that Antiochus opinion pleased you; I haue brought you in to def [...]nd it: and I main­taine that of Philo. You will in reading, wonder at some things vttered by vs, which neu [...]r were spoken. But you know the custome in Di [...]logu [...]s. Here­after we will betweene vs endite many things, and vpon the subiect of our selues. Which we should haue done be­fore now: but for the time past, the Common-wealth excuseth vs; for the time to come, the blame should be laid vpon vs. And would to God, that in a retired life, and in a state of our co [...]n­trie, though not [...]rosperous, [...]et secure; we might exercise our studies together. Al [...]hough occasions would not be then wanting, to meditate, and practise som­thing else. But now, without studies, [Page 434] what a life would ours be? In sooth, I know not certainly, whither with them I may likewise liue: but without, I shall neuer be able. But we will discusse this together hereafter, and verie often. Whereas you write vnto me, about the house you haue bought, and how you are gone to dwell there: I wish you all happinesse therein, and I thinke you haue done very wisely. Haue a care of your health. Farewell.

Dolabella to Cicero. Ep. 9.

IF you be well, I am glad of it: I am in health; and our Tullia is exceeding well. Terentia felt her selfe very ill: but I know certainely shee is recouered. All your other matters, stand in very good state [...] you know, that before now, I per­swaded you to follow Caesars part, or else to retire you into some secure, and quiet place: neither am I perswaded, that you imagine, that I aduised you, more for the interest of our faction, then for your owne good. And there­fore now, that we are euen vpon the point of victorie; I should thinke I com­mitted a greater fault, if I did not ex­hort you a new. And I beseech you my C [...]c [...]ro, to take in good part what I write, [Page 435] and if you like not to follow my coun­sell; at least beleeue, that I haue stirred in your actions, and done the offices which now I performe; for no other end, but for the great loue I beare you. You see now, that Cneius Pompeius is no­thing the better for the glory of his name, nor for his so great prowesse, or being so much followed by Kings and Nations, wherein being loftie and proud he continually vaunted. He is driuen out of Itali [...]: he hath lost Spaine [...] And his armie of old souldi [...]rs, it taken from him: finallie, he is now besieged; and that which neuer fell out to any one, how base soeuer he was; hapneth to him; that he cannot flie with­out dis [...]onor. Neither doe I thinke that any of our Captaines, were euer in such di [...]grace. Where [...]ore being wise, as you are, consider well, what hopes now remaine, either to him or you, And in so doing you may dispose of your selfe, to take that course, for your businesses which shall be most profita­ble. One fauour I demand of you, that if he escape this beleaguering, and flie away by Sea, that you looke well to your own estate, and resolue at length, to be better to your selfe, then to any other what [...]oeuer. You haue di [...]char­ged your dutie; you haue satisfied the inward amitie you had with Pompeius; you haue satisfied also each part; and [Page 436] that Cōmon-wealth, which you iudge to be good. Now it remaines, that you must be contented with that we haue: seeing you cannot be in that, which so much pleased you. Therefore I desire, my sweete Cicero, if peraduenture Pom­peius be driuen out of the place, where he is; and be constrained to retire him­selfe anew, into other countries; that you withdraw your selfe, either to A­thens, or else into some other quiet Cit­tie. And when you doe so, be pleased to aduertise me: for, if it may be, I [...]le come spe [...]dily to find you. And besids, that I am certaine, your selfe shall ob­taine of Caesar, whatsoeuer you will, a­bout your honor; because he is verie courteous; I am also furth [...]r of opini­on, that he will be much moued at my entreaties. I know your fidelitie, and loue; the one, makes me beleeue, that the carrier of this present, may returne hither againe securely; and the other, that he will bring me your letters. Fare­well.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 10.

I Thought it an error not to write vnto you, our friend Sal [...]ius hauing oc­casiō [...]o come where you are: although, to say truth, I know not what to write: [Page 437] more then that I loue you tenderly: which though I should not write; yet I am certaine, you would hold it infalli­ble. I should rather looke for letters from you, then you from me: nothing passing in Rome, which you care to vn­derstand: except peraduenture you would know this: that our Nicias, and V [...]dius, haue made choice of me for their Iudge. One produceth (as he seemes to informe me) a loane made to Nicias, written in two verses: the other like a second Aristarcus, saith it is false. I as an auncient Iudge, must determine whither it be false or true. I suppose th [...]t you reasoning now within your selfe, may say vnto me. Haue you then [...]or­gotten those mushromes, which you eate in Nicias hou [...]e? and those g [...]eat banquets of Sophia, daughter to Septi­mia? But wh [...]t's your meaning by this? doe you th [...]nke I haue forgotten my selfe so farre, that whereas before, I was verie seuere; now, that I haue the au­thoritie of a Iudge, should I make no account of Iustice? I'le carrie the mat­ter so, that our Nicias shall not be wron­ged: neither will I in any case condemn him, to the end that you may haue no occasion to restore him; least he goe to Plancus Burs [...], to instruct him in letters. Bu [...] what doe I? I range too farre, not well conceiuing whither you haue a re­posed minde, or, as it falls out often in [Page 438] the warres, whither you finde your selfe plunged in some care, or businesse of importance. When I vnderstand, that you are in case to laugh: I'le write to you more at large. Yet will I not omit to tell you this, that the people were wonderfully toucht with the death of Pub [...]ius Silla, before they knew the cer­taintie. Now they neuer striue to vn­derstand how he died, they thinke it e­nough to know that he is dead. I for some reason, beare it patiently; I am affraid of one thing: that by this mans death, Caesars publike out-crie will bee hindred. Farewell.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 11.

I Had rather you should vnderstand by my letters, of mine owne death; then that of my daughter; which assuredly I should the better support, if I had you about me. For your words would haue comforted me exceedingly, and the vn­speakeable loue you beare me. But, be­cause I hope within a small time, to see you againe; you shall finde me at such a passe, that I may receiue also from you [...] no small assistance; not that I am so afflicted, that I haue forgotten my selfe to be a man; or that I conceiue [Page 439] not, that Fortune should be resisted: Neuerthelesse, as I was wont to be the most cheerefull and milde man of the world: vpon which you tooke such li­king to my conuersation: So now am I turned quite contrary; yet you shall vnderstand, that I haue not a whit di­minished that freedome, and constan­cie of spirit, I was wont to haue, if it be [...]ue, that euer I had it. Whereas you write, that you defend me stoutly a­gainst my detractors; I make not so much account of that, as I desire it may appeare, as questionlesse it doth, that I am beloued of you. And I pray you with the most effectuall entreaties that can be vsed, be pleased to perseuere, in that so louing an offic [...]; and to p [...]rdon me, though I write briefely to you: the which I do, first in this respect, because I imagine we shall shortly be together: Besides, because this blow, hath so a­stonisht me, that I find not my selfe yet in case for writing [...] Farewell.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 12.

I Congratulate with the Baths of Baiae, seeing as you write, on a sudden they are growne healthfull, against their old custome. Except peraduenture they are enamored of you, and desire to ap­plie [Page 440] themselues to your occasion, gi­uing ouer, while you are there, their or­dinarie disposition. Which, if it be true; I maruaile not, though euen heauen, & earth leaue their vsuall properties, for your commoditie. I send you the briefe Oration, which I made in defence of King Deiotarus: which I knew not to be about me. The subiect is very mean, and almost vncapable of ornaments; nor verie worthie to be set downe in writing. But because Deiotarus is my guest, and a friend of many yeares stan­ding; I thought good to send him, this poore present, as a garment of a grosse graine; like those presents, he was wont to send to me. I aduise you to shew, wi [...]edome, and valour: to the end, that by your modestie, and grauitie, the in­iuries of your enemies, may light vpon their owne heads with dishonour, and infamie. Farewell.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 13.

CAius Suberinus C [...]llenus, is a fami­liar of mine, and an inward friend to Lepta, our most domesticall. This man to auoid the warre, going into Spaine, with Marcus Varro, with a reso­lution to remaine in that Prouince, [Page 441] where none of vs (since Afranita was defeated) supposed that any rumors of warre would haue risen: did light pre­cisely into those verie mischiefes, which he laboured to shunne. For on the sud­da [...]ne, he was surprized with a war [...]e, which being first kindled by Scapula, was afterwards in such sort, reinforced by Pompeius, that in no wise, Suberinus could dis-intrica [...]e himselfe from that miserie. Mar [...]us Planiu [...] Haeres, is as it were in the same perplexi [...]i [...]s, who is likewise Calenu [...], a familiar friend of our L [...]pta. I commend therefore vnto you, both these, with the greatest loue, and efficacie possible. I desire to doe them fauour: and not onely amitie, but euen humanitie mooues me thereunto. Be­sides, Lepta being so much grieued thereat, that he could not be more in case of his owne substance: I am vrged to feele therein, if not as much afflicti­on, at the least little lesse. Whereupon, though I had many times, by proo [...]e vnderstood, how entire the loue you beare me is; neuerth [...]lesse be as [...]ured, that I shall more securely iudge there­of, in this present occasion. I pray you there [...]ore, so wo [...]ke, that both these Caleni; miserable, not by fault, but through Fortune, to whom euery one is subiect, may receiue no damage; to the end, that by your meanes I may do this fauour to them; & also, to the com­pany [Page 442] of Calenus, with whom I haue great friendship, and to Lepta, which more imports then all the rest. What I am to speake, I thinke is not much to the purpose: neuerthelesse 'tis not hurt­full to deliuer it. I say therefor [...], that one of these hath very little substance, and the other hardly so much, as may maintaine him in the ranke of a Caua­l [...]ere. Wherefore seeing Caesar, out of his clemencie, hath giuen him his life, besides which they haue not much to lo [...]e; see if you can procure fauour; if you loue me so much, as quest [...]onlesse you doe; that they may returne home: wherein they gaine nothing else, but a tedious iourney; which will not bee wearisome to them, so they may liue and die with their friends. Which thing I request you most earnestly to procure with all end [...]uour, or rather to effect it; for I am of opinion, that you are able to doe it. Farewell.

Cicero to Dolabella Consull. Epist. 9.

THough I could content my selfe, my Dolabella, with your glory, and take therein wonderfull satisfaction, and contentment: yet I must need [...]s [Page 443] conf [...]sse, that I feele my selfe replenished with infinite ioy, seeing, that by the common opinion of men, I am made partak [...]r of your praises. With whom­soeuer I come to speake thereof, (And euery day I speake with very many, for there is a great number of vertuous men, whi [...]h for the meanes of health, repaire to these places: and besides this, diuers others my ne [...]re friends, which come vnto vs from pr [...]u [...]ledged places, all which) aft [...]r they haue exal­ [...]ed you to heauen with exceeding pray­ses, they presently giue me the great [...]st, and most effectuall thankes that can be. For they say, they make no doubt, but that you, following my documents, and instructions, may discharge those offi­ces. Which to an exc [...]llent Cittizen, and hono [...]able Con [...]ull are conforma­ble. And though I may answer them in all truth; that the matters you com­passe; your owne iudgement, and like­ing moues you to effect them; and that you neede not anothers aduise: neuer­ [...]he [...]esse, neither doe I whollie yeeld to their words, because I would not exte­nuate your praise; in that it may seeme, wholly to proceed from my Councels: nor doe I altogether oppose them: be­cause I am more hungrie after glorie then is conuenient. And yet, that de­ [...]oga [...]es not from your dignitie, which Agamemn [...]n king of kings, reputed [...]or [Page 444] so great honor; to hauesome N [...]stor for a Coun [...]ellor: and to mee it brings great renowne; that you being a young man, and Consull, should in­crease in vertuous operations, as nou­rished and brought vp, vnder my disci­pline. Luciu [...] Caesar certainely, whom I went, to meet at Naples, al [...]hough ter­rible bod [...]lie torments a [...]flicted him; neuerthelesse, before hee saluted me, said, I reioyce with you, my Cicero, in that you are of such power with Dola­bell [...], that, if I had as much with the son of my sister; we might, secure from all danger, now, lead a life reposed. But with your Dolabella I reioyce, and g [...]ue him thankes [...] to whom in truth, since your time of being Consull, wee may only ascribe the title of true Consull, Hee afterwards vs [...]d many words, a­bout your actions, and prowesse: con­cluding, that there was neuer more ho­nourable and illustrious enterprise p [...]r­form [...]d; nor from which greater bene­fit accrewed to the Common-wealth. And euerie one gen [...]rallie concurreth with him in this opinion. Now, I [...]e­quest you; that you will permit me, to assume this, as it were a false inheri­tance of anothers glorie: and suffer me in some part, to enter into a participa­tion, of your praises. Although my Dolabella (for what I said hi [...]herto, I spake out of merriment) I would more [Page 445] willingly poure vpon you, all my com­mendations, if any praise be due vnto me, then diminish any of yours. For I hauing alwaies so loued you, as easilie you may conceiue: [&] now especially, these your atchieuements haue enfla­med me with so ardent an affection, that no man was euer, more set on fire with loue, then my selfe. For there is nothing, (beleeue me) that is more louelie, beautifull, or amiable then vertue. I euer loued, as you know, Marcus Brutus, for the excellencie of his wi [...]; for the sweetnesse of his customes; and for that bountie, and constancie, wherein none is comparable to him: and neuerthelesse, on the xiii of March, my loue toward [...] him, was so augmen­ [...]ed; that I wondred, how a thing could growe greater, the which long time since I thought had attained to it [...]ull growth. And who would euer haue thought, that the loue I beare you, could in any so [...]t, haue beene enlarged? and yet it is so encreased, that paral­le [...]ling the loue I now beare you; with that wh [...]ch hitherto I professed [...]o­wards you, me thinkes that seemes vu [...]gar, and this singular. To what end the [...]efore should I exhort you, to haue [...]he obiect of your thoughts to be euer reputation, and glorie? Shall I set be­fore your eyes, the example of m [...]n fa­mous for their vertue; which they vsu­ally [Page 446] doe, that exhort men to praise? I cannot finde a more famous man then your selfe. You must trace your owne footesteps, and seeke to goe beyond your selfe. And me thinkes, hauing a [...]readie wrou [...]ht such wonderfull things; you can doe no lesse, then re­semble your own actions. And being so, exhortations, are not necessary: it is ra­ther needfull, that I should reioyce wi [...]h you: a matter hauing fallen out to you, which I cannot say, euer happened to any other; which is; that, the hauing with rigorous seueritie punished an offence, did not displease; but pleased the people: and did as well to all good men, as to the meanest people, bring singular contentment. If this had hap­pened through the [...]uour of Fortune; I would haue reioyced with you, in your h [...]ppie successe; but this fell out vnto you, first through the magnanimitie of your minde, and then by your owne wise­dome and councell. For I haue read the Oration that you made vnto the people. I neuer saw any thing fuller of vnderstanding. For point, by point, you do [...] so clo [...]ely come vp, to demonstrate the occasion of the fact, and then af­terwards you retire your selfe with that dexteritie; that by an vniuersall consent of euery man, It seemed the matter it selfe solicited you, to chastise [Page 447] the malefactors. You haue therefore free'd the towne from danger; and the Cittizens from feare. Neither onely at this instant; but for euer, while the memorie of so notable an act shall continue, you haue exceedingly bene­fitted the Common-wealth. Therefore you must conceiue, that the whole Common-wealth relieth onlie vpon you: and that to you it belongs not only to preserue, but also to exalt them to honorable estate, [...]om whom the beginning of libertie is deriued. But of these things, so farre as I hope, it will not be long; [...]re we discourse pre­sentially. In the meane while; seeing you preserue the Common-wealth, and vs, attend with singular care, to pre­serue your selfe. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 15.

I will answer two of your Epistles: one, that I receiued three daies since from Zethus; another, which Philerus the Poaste brought me. By the first, I vn­derstood, that you were well pleased, to heare me so inquisitiue of your sicknes. And I am glad, that you conceiue my affection towards you: though I assure [Page 448] you; that you could not so well appre­hend it by my letters, as it is in effect. For, perceiuing my selfe to be honour­ed, and beloued of many; (for I can­not say otherwise;) amongst all those, there's not any one, more deare vnto me then you are: not onely because you lou [...] me, and haue loued moe of long time, and with perseuerance: (which, though it be a great, and per­aduenture a verie extraordinarie mat­ter: yet is it common to you, with ma­ny others:) but also, because your selfe is so amiable, sweet, and euery waies courteous: which is a part proper to you alone: to which we may adde, a manner of [...]easting, not according to the Atticke, but conformable to the an­cient R [...]mane vse, more ingenious th [...]n that of the A [...]ticks. And I, (make what reckoning of me you please) am won­derfullie delighted with wittie c [...]n­ceipts, especiallie with ours of Rome: which heretofore lost a great deale of their lustre, when our Citie came to be ouer-thronged with forraine nations; in that the tittle of Cittizens, which then was belonging only to the Latin [...] people; now conferred vpon nations, which come from beyond the moun­taines, is the occasion that it daily loo­seth that ancient facetious manner of speaking: so that almost no footsteps thereof remaineth. Wherefore when [Page 449] I see you, me thinkes I see all the Grani [...], all the Lucilij, and also to speake, as it is, all the Crassi, and Laelij. I would I were dead, if besides your selfe, I see any left me, in whom I can discerne any simi­litude of those ancient pleasant straines of wit. Whereunto adding, so great loue, as that is, which you beare mee: doe you wonder, that I was so t [...]oubled for your grieuous, and dangerous ma­ladie? And whereas in the other Epi­stle you excuse your selfe, by saying, that you neuer diswaded me, from the purchase that I would haue made at Naples, but that you aduised mee to continue at Rome: neither did I euer vnderstand it otherwise. In deed I con­ceiued that, which by these letters I ap­prehend, that you [...]hought it was not good for me, as I also thought, to de­part from hence; not altogether; but yet with a determination, to returne hither seldome. You speake to me of Catulus, and of those times. What con­formitie is there? Then, it disliked me to remaine long time farre of, from the custodie of the Common-wealth. For we sate in the sterne, and gouerned the Rudder: but now we haue scarcely any place about the pumpe. Do you thinke now, though I shall bee at Naples, that for this cause they will forbeare, to passe decrees in the Senate? when being at Rome, & attending to publicke affaires; [Page 450] the decrees of the Senate are registred in a friends house of thine, my familiar; and when they please, they subscribe my name thereto, as if I had beene pre­sent. And I sooner heare of some de­cree, transported into Armenia, and Syria, which seemes to be passed accor­ding to my minde, then word is deli­uered to me thereof. And thinke not, that I speake this in [...]east: Because you must note, that letters are alreadie brought mee from the farthest distant Kings that are; wherein they thanke me, for giuing them in the Senate, the title of Kings: the which I had not onlie, not done; but scarcely knew there were any such in the world. What must be done then? So long as this our master of ceremonies remains heere, I will neuerthelesse doe as you counsell me: when he is gone, I'le come to your Mushromes. If I shall haue an house; the charge which the law limiteth vs for one day, I'le di­stribute into ten: but if I cannot meet with a scare, that contents me; I am determined to lie with you. For I know I cannot better gratifie you. A­bout Silla's house, I had now almost lost all hope, as I last wrote vnto you: but yet I haue not altogether lost it; I should be glad, that you as you write, had viewed it in the companie of some Masons, for if there be no fault in the [Page 451] walles, or the roofe, the rest will like me well enough. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 16.

YOur letters pleased me: and first, I was glad to vnderstand, that the affection you beare me, induced you to write vnto me, doubting lest Silius, with the newes he brought m [...]e, might haue put mee to some trouble of minde. A­bout which thing, you wrote before vn­to me, twice after one manner: so that I easily conceiued your dislike: and I had diligently returned answer there­unto, to the end, that so well as in such an occasion, and time I was able, I might, at the least, in part, if not alto­gether dispossesse you of your sorrow. But seeing in these last letters also, you shew what a care you haue of it: be as­sured of this, my Paeto, that, whatsoe­uer could bee done with Art, (for now councell s [...]rues not the turne, some new policie must bee inuented) I say, what by Art may bee attempted, or in­uented, to purchase the loue of these Caesarians: that h [...]ue I labou [...]ed, and procured with all diligence possible: and in my opinion, very successefully. [Page 452] For, I am so honoured, and reuerenced by them, to whom Caesar wisheth well, that I beleeue I am beloued of them. For, though I could hardly discerne true loue from fained, except vpon some occasion, wherein, as gold by the fire, so true loue may bee tried, and knowne by some danger; for other, are but common signes: neuerthelesse, I build vpon this, rather then any other thing, to thinke, that I am heartily, and [...]ruely beloued: that, both my fortune, and theirs is such, as there is no cause to dissemble. Then, as for him, who is Lord of all, I see not why I should feare; except in that, there is no security, where reason hath no authority. Nei­ther can one promise any thing cer­taine to himselfe, where, on others will (not to terme them appetites) euery thing dependeth. Notwithstanding, I haue not offended his minde in any thing: and therein I haue carefully v­sed all my dexterity and prudence. For, as other whiles I thought, that it rather appertain'd to mee, then any other, to speake freely; as to him, that had beene a preseruer of the common liberty: so now, seeing it is lost, I thinke it not fit for me, to speak any thing, w^c may offend either Caesars minde, or his friends. But, if I should omit the occasion, of some excellent saying, I should lose the opi­nion conceiued of my wit: the which, [Page 453] if I could, I would not refuse to doe. But yet Caesar himselfe hath a very good iudgement. And euen as your brother Seruius, whom I take to haue beene very learned, would readily say, this verse is not of Pl [...]tus, this is; because he was accustomed to read Poets and to note their passages: so I vnder­stand, that Caesar, hauing of himselfe, made volumes of worthy sayings, if a­ny thing bee presented him for mine, which is not, he vseth to reiect it: and he doth it now much more, because his most familiar friends, leade their whole life almost with me. Now, many things fall, in sundry disc [...]urs [...]s, which peraduenture, after I haue vttered them, yeeld some sauour of learning and vn­derstanding; these are of [...]ered to him, together with other conceipts, which daily are inuented: For, so hee hath commanded. From hence it proceeds, that, if afterwards hee heare any thing of me, hee thinkes it not worthy to bee giuen eare vnto. For which cause, I make no vse of your E [...]omaus, though by way of merriment, you haue added there [...]o the verses of Accius. But what enuy is there? or, what thing is there in me, for which I should be enuied? But suppose, that it is, as you say: I see, that it so pleased the Philosophers, that is, those that seeme alone vnto me, to vn­derstand the force of vertue: it pleased [Page 454] them, I say, that a wise man should not bee bound, to render accompt of any thing, but of offence: from which I perceiue my selfe free, two wayes: First, because I alwaies had an vpright mind: next, in that when I saw, there was no meanes to defend our opinions, my conc [...]it was, that we ought not to con­tend with the more mighty. I cannot th [...]refore certainely bee blamed in the office of a good Citizen. It remaines, that I neither doe, nor say any thing rashly, or foolishly against them, that gouerne the Common-wealth. And this also, I deeme to bee a poynt of a wise man. For other things, that which another sayes I haue spoken, or how Caesar construes my sayings, or with what fidelity they liue with me, which daily court, and honour mee, of this I cannot be secure. And thus I com [...]ort my selfe, partly with the memoriall of my life past, and partly by liuing now moderately: and that similitude, which the Poet Attius makes, I attribute not onely to enuie, but to fortune also: the which, as a weake thing, should be van­quished, and broken by euery val [...]ant minde; no otherwise, then as a waue, is broken by a rocke. And in truth, the Greeke stories making mention; how, wise men haue alwayes supported the dominion of Tyrants, either in Athens, or Siracusa; hauing beene in some sort [Page 455] free, during the seruitude of their Ci­ [...]ies: I'le not imagine, that I can so pre­serue my state; that it neither off [...]nd the minde of some man, nor diminish mine owne honour. Now I come to your pleasant conceits: seeing, after At [...]ius his Oeno [...]a [...]es, you bring in, not as th [...]y were wont, Attellanus, but as the custome at this day is, Mimus. What Popilium, or Denarium, doe you t [...]ll me of? What dish of strong cheese? out of my ingenuous disposi [...]ion, I hither [...]o [...]upported these things; now the mat­ter goes otherwise; I haue schollers in speaking, and masters in [...]ating, Hirtius and Dol [...]bella. For, I suppose you haue heard (if peraduenture all things come to your hearing) how they continually d [...]claime in my house; and I [...]at at their house. And it boots not you to sweare, tha [...] you want the meanes: for, when you were addicted to gather wealth; by my reasons, you made your selfe mor [...] studious therein: now, in that you con­sume your substance with such pati­ence; doe not beleeue, that I'le come into your house, like a Iudge to cor [...]ect you. And if I endamage you any thing: it will be a lesse euill, to bee damnified by a friend, then by a debtor. Neither doe I expect from you, such sumptuous suppers, that there remaine great super­fluities. The meats that are, let them be exquisite, and well drest. I remem­ber, [Page 456] you were wont to t [...]ll me of a sup­per of Phamea's: Let yours bee made more moderately, but after the same manner. And though you go about to inuite me to [...]upper at your mo [...]h [...]s, it shall also content me. For, I will see this bounty of minde, that dares put before me such thing [...], as you write of, or else a Tolypus, as red, as that [mi­niated] I [...]u [...], which stands in th [...] Capi­toll. I am of opinion, that you dare not performe so great matters. Before my comming, the r [...]port will come to your care, of the delicate meats, I begin [...]o feed vpon; you'l admire at it: and looke not I should rest contented, with that mingled beuerage of wine and ho­ney: for I will by no meanes, abide [...]o see it. I care no more for your Oliu [...]s, and Salciccia's: But why discourse we of these things? I would wee might once come thither: I will content my selfe with that salt cheese, which you were wont to vse: and I'le put you, (for I'le rid you out of paine) to this onely charge, to cause of necessity, the Bath to be hea [...]ed. For other matters; follow our ordinary custome. These former [...]hings I vttered by way of mirth. As for the Silician Farme, you haue done me diligent offices therein, and written most pleasantly [...]hereof: so that I meane to leaue it: for the place is very pleasant. but there are few per­sons [Page 457] there, like vnto the place. Fare­well.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 17.

YOu are a good man surely; seeing our Balbus lying with you, you would understand from mee, what will become of these lands, and townes. As if I knew any thing he knew not; or if I doe at any time know any thing, that I vse not to haue [...]rom him. Nay, and if you loue me, procure that I may vn­derstand, what will become of vs. For, you had Balbus vnder your power, of whom you might haue knowne it. If not when hee was sober, at least, when you saw him well [...]ipled. But I hunt not my deere Paeto, after these newes: first, because we haue now liued foure yeeres by gettings, if one may terme it get­ting, or this may be called a life, to sur­uiue the Common-wealth: then; in that I suppose I know, what will fall out: For, that s [...]all fall out, which they affect, that are most powerfull; and armes are euer most powerfull. Wee must therefore be contented with that, which is granted vs. And hee that could not satisfie his minde with this, did well to dye. They fall a measuring [Page 458] the Territorie of Veia, and C [...]pena, which is not verie far from my Tuscu­lanum: yet I feare nothing: I enioy my selfe, while I am able, and de [...]ire to be able alwaies. The which, if it may not be: neuerthelesse, considering that I, who am a man of a great spirit, and a Philosopher, ha [...]e thought life verie precious; I cannot but loue him, through whose benefit, I now liue. Who, though peraduenture, hee desire that the Common-wealth should bee such, as he wo [...]ld, and all wee ought to wish for: yet can he dispose of nothing, hee is so colleagued with many. But I range too far, and I doe it, because I write to you. This I tell you in conclu­sion, that not onely I, who am not pre­sent at consultations; but not so much as the great man himselfe knowes, what is to ensue. For, we serue him; he, the times: and so neither he can conceiue, how the times will sort; nor wee, what he thinketh. I wrote not backe these things formerly vnto you; not because I vse to bee negligent; especially in writing; but hauing nothing of cer­tainty; I would not perplex you, with ambiguities, nor put you in hope wi [...]h my affirmations. I will notwithstan­ding adde [...]his, which is most true; that in these troubles, I haue hitherto heard nothing of this danger: yet, out of your accustomed discretion; you [Page 459] should wi [...]h the best, forecast the worst, and support what commeth. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 18.

BEing idle in Tusculanum; because I haue sent my Disciples to meet Cae­sar their acquaintance, with hope by this meanes, to recouer me his fauour; I receiued [...]our most pleasant letters: by which I vnderstood, that my coun­sell pleased you. For, as Dionysius the Tyrant, being driu [...]n out of Siracusa, set vp, as is reported, a schoole, at Co­rinth: So I, Courts of Iudgement be­ing put to silence; and my Kingdome, of pleading causes, lost; haue applyed my selfe, as it were, to keepe a schoole. What desire you more? I am also glad I run this course. For, I come by this meanes, to obtaine many things: first, that which principally, at this instant, is necessary; I fortifie my selfe against this terrible season: I know not how good the way I hold is; but well I s [...]e, 'tis not wors [...], then that which hath be [...]n held by others: except peraduen­ [...]ure it had b [...]en [...] be [...]ter to dye: in ones b [...]d, I'le grant: but this came not to passe: and at the battaile I was not. [Page 460] others, [as] Pompeius, your Lentul [...]s, Scipio, [and] Afranius, dyed reproch­fully; but Cato honourably: And this questionlesse, when wee will, wee may do [...]: yet let vs endeuour; as wee doe, that it may not be so necessary for vs, as for him. This is therfore the fi [...]st thing, which I purchase: and there is yet an­other, that I grow better; first, in my health, which giuing ouer exercise, I had lost; then, that fluent vtte­ra [...]ce, which I was wont to haue, (if I euer had it) if I had not beene reduced to these exercises, would haue been im­paired. The last gaine I make; which peraduenture you'l esteeme, aboue all the fore-m [...]ntioned, is this; that by this time, I haue eaten more Peacocks, thē you haue done Pigeons. Make your selfe merry there, with Atteri [...]n broth, I'le be [merrie] here, with that of Hir­tius. Come therefore, if you be a good fellow, and learne, now at length, to liue as you desire. Though I consider, I teach the Dolphines to swim. But seeing I perceiu [...], that you cannot sell the pos­sessions had of your debtors, for pay­ment, according to Caesars valuation; nor fill a pot wi [...]h money, it b [...]hooues you to returne to Rome. I hold it farre better, that you should dye here with eating too much; then there, for want of meat. I see you haue consumed that, which you had. I hope your friends [Page 461] haue done the like: you are there­fore blowne vp, if you looke not to your selfe. You may ride to Rome vpon that Mule, which you say, is left you, seeing you haue eaten your G [...]lding. You shall haue a place in the schoole, as an Vsher, vnder mee, and withall, you shall haue a cushion. Fare­well.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 19.

ANd y [...]t you leaue no [...] your won­ted malice. You write [...]h [...]t B [...]lbus was content [...]d with a verie little: as minding to inferre; that if Balbus bee contented with lesse then indifferent suppers, much more ought I to be ther­in satisfied, who am in respect of him, as one that hath beene Consull, is in respect of a King, much inferior. You know no [...], that I haue wrung euery thing out of his mouth: you know not, that he came presently, to light at my house. Neither do I wōder so much, that he lighted not rather at yours, as, that he went not vnto his own So soon as I saw him; said I, what doth our P [...] ­to? and he sware vnto me, that he ne­uer was more willingly in any place. If [Page 462] you haue made him this man with words, I'le frame my [...]ares as apt to to heare you as his: but if with good cheere: Let me in fauour request you, not to thinke, that the Balbi are more worthie, then the eloquent. Euery day some impediment growes vpon mee: but if I can shake off matters, so, that I may come thither: I will worke after such a sort, that you shall not be abl [...] to excuse your selfe, that you were too late aduertised. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 20.

YOur letters affoorded me a double contentment; both because I haue laughed; and in that I vnderstood, that you, at length, can laugh. Neither am I displeased, that like a bad souldier, you haue loaded me with apples: but I am sorrie, that I could not come thi­ther, as I determined. For, not for few daies, but continually, I would haue lodged with you. And thinke not, that your dish of wine and honie, should more haue seru'd my turne; From an egge to roasted veale, that is, from the beginning of supper, euen to the last, you should haue seene me rauen like a [Page 463] Wolfe. You were wont to commend me as a man easily to be satisfied, and with a slender meale: now, I am whol­lie chang'd. For now, I thinke no more on the Common-wealth; nor, what opinion I [...]hould deli [...]er in the Senate; nor, how I am to plead, and handle causes: I applie my selfe to an Epicurean life: not to the dissolute [life] at this day: but to that delicate, and moderate one, which you vsed, when you had plentie to spend: though at this time, you haue more Farmes then euer you had. So that, bee prepa­red: you haue to doe with a man, that can eate soundly, and that now at length vnderstands somewhat: and men that haue learned late, you know how troublesome they are to content: and you must forget your banqueting dishes, and daintie Cakes. We are now come to that point, that we dare en [...]ite to supper, your Verrius, and Camillus: and you know, what delicate fellowes they are. But [...] obserue yet, a further presumption: I inuited Hirtius also to supper; but he gate no Peacockes. And at this supper, my Cooke, (besides hot broth,) sent vp no dishes, like to those that w [...]re vsuall at Hirtius suppers. This therefore is now my life. In the mor­ning, I visite at home, many honest men, but in miserable condition; and these ioyfull Conquerors: Who in [Page 464] troth, verie courteouslie, and louinglie entertaine me. After this my visitati­on, I shut my selfe vp to my studies: either I compose something, or else I read. Some also come to heare me, as a learned man, because I am a little more learned then they are. After­wards, all the rest of the time [...]is spent, about bodilie health. I haue lamented my countrie, more bitterly, and longer time, then euer Mother lamented her onely childe. If you wish mee well, procure your health: to the end I may not d [...]u [...]ur your substance, while you are sickelie. For I am resolued no [...] to s [...]are you, be you neuer so diseased. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 21.

IS it possible? doe you thinke you are fooli [...]h, in seeking to imitate me, in the flashes (for so you tearme them) of my speeches? you should be foolish indeed, if you could not attaine there­unto: but, seeing in this, you doe not only equalize, but exceed mee; you should [...]coffe rather at me, then at your selfe. That saying of Trabea, con­curres not with you: I am hee that la­bours [Page 465] in vaine. But tell me a little? What seeme I to you, in my Epistles? doe you not thinke, I discourse with you, in vulgar tearmes? For wee must not alwaies speake after one manner. It is one thing, to write an Epistle; ano­th [...]r, to pleade a cause; another, to speake to the people. Nay, the causes themselues are not to be handled after one fashion: In priuate matters; and not in all; bu [...] in those of light impor­tance, [...]uery thing must more nicely be scanned: but where a mans person; his goods; or his honor is questioned; greater ornament of eloquence is re­quired. Epistles are wont to be framed of words dailie vsed. But I pray you, my Paeto, how came it into your minde to say, that there was neuer any Papiri­us, which was not a plebeian? For, mean [...]r f [...]milies, haue beene of the Pa­trician order. The first of them, was Lucius Papirius M [...]gi [...]an [...]us, who was Consull, with L [...]cius Sempronius Atrati­nu [...], hauing b [...]ene before Censor, with the sam [...] [colleague] 312. yeares after the building of Rome. But then, you were c [...]lled Papi [...]. After these, there were xiij. more, which obtained of the higher dignities, before Lucius Papirius Crass [...], who was the first that gaue o­ue [...] he name P [...]pisius. This man was dict [...]tor, and had for captaine of the ranke M [...]letarie, Lucius P [...]piri [...] Cursor, [Page 466] 415. yeeres after the building of Rome: and foure yeeres after he was Consull, with Ceso Duillio. After these came Cur­sor, a verie honourable man: then Lu­cius Masso, who in demaunding the Ae­dileship died. After him, many Masse­nes: of which Patricians, I would haue you reserue pictures in your house. Then follow the Carbones, and the Tur­di: these were Plebeians, of whom I would haue you make no account. For besides this C [...]ius Carbo, who was slain by Damasipp [...]s, none of the Carbones, e­uer benefitted the Common-wealth. We knew C [...]eius Carbo, and that his in­famous brother. Who can bee more wicked then they were? of this friend of mine the sonne of Rubria I say no­thing. There were three brethren, Publius, Caius, Marcus, surnamed Car­bones. Publius, accused by Flaccus, was condemned. Marcus fled out of Sicilia: Caius being accused by Lucius Crassus, as 'twas said, poysoned himselfe. Thi [...] man was a seditious Tribune of the people, and was reported to haue mur­dred Publius Scipio Africanus: but in my iudgement, there neuer liued a verier villaine then this fellow, that was slaine by our Pompeius at Lilibaeum. And al­so his father, accused by Marcus Anto­nius, it is not well knowne after what manner hee came to bee absolued: wherefore my opinion is, that you [Page 467] should cleaue to the Patricians, for you see, what bad members the plebeians haue proued. Farewell.