The familiar epistles of M.T. Cicero Englished and conferred with the: French Italian and other translations — Epistolae ad familiares. English

The familiar epistles of M.T. Cicero Englished and conferred with the: French Italian and other translations — Epistolae ad familiares. English

Table of contents

Title page

I. WEBBE, D. OF PHYS: TO HIS MVCH ESTEEMED Friend, FRA: L. Esquire.

§

An Abstract of that part of the Historie of Ptol•maeus King of Aegypt, which is vsually put before these Epistles for the better vnderstanding of the first booke.

THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE FAMILIar Epistles of M. T. Cicero.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consul. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Pu•lius Lentulus Vice-consull, Ep. 2.

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 3.

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 4.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consul. Ep. 5.

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 6.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consull. Ep. 7.

Cicero to Publius Le•tulus Vice-consull. Ep. 8.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consull. Ep. 9.

Cicero to Lucius Valerius Doctor of Law. Ep. 10.

THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 2.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 3.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 4.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 5.

Cicero to Curio. Ep. 6.

Cicero, Vice-Consull; to Caius Curio, Tribune of the people. Ep. 7.

Cicero Vice-consull, to M•rcus Coelius. Ep. 8.

Cicero Vice consull to Marcus Coelius Rufus, chosen AEDILE Curule. Epist. 9.

Cicero Imp•rator, to Marcus Coelius Rufus Elected Aedile Curule. Ep. 10.

Cicero Imperator, to Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 11.

Cicero to Marcus Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 12.

Cicero to Marcus Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 13.

Cicero, Imperator; to Marcus Coelius, Aedile Cur•le. Epist. 14.

Cicero, Imperator; to Marcus Coelius, Aedile Curule. Epist. 15.

Cicero Imperator, to Marcus Coelius Aedile. Ep. 16.

Cicero Imperator, to Caninius Salustius Vice-quaestor. Epist. 17.

Cicero Imperator, to Quintus Thermus Vice praetor. Epist. 18.

Cicero Imperator, to Caius Coelius, sonne to Lucius, elected Quaestor. Epist. 19.

THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Epist. 1.

C•cero Vice-Consull, to Appius Pul•her Imperator. Epist. 2.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 3.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 4.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 5.

Cicero Vice-Consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Epist. 6.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher. Ep. 7.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 8.

Ci•ero, Imperator; to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 9.

Cicero, Imperator; to Appius Pulch•r. Epist. 10.

Cicero, Imperator; to Appius Pulcher (as I hope) Censor. Ep. 11.

Cicero Imperator to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 12.

Cicero Imperator, to Appius Pulcher. Ep. 13.

THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 2.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 3.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 4.

Seruius Sulpitius to Cicero. Epist. 5.

Cicero, to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 6.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 7.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 8.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 9.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 10.

Marcus Marcellus to Cicero. Epist. 11.

Ser•ius Sulpitius to Ci•ero. Epist. 12.

Cicero to Publius Nigidius Figulus. Epist. 13.

Cicero, to Cneius Plancius. Epist. 14.

Cicero to Cneius Plancius. Epist. 15.

THE FIFT BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Quintus Met•llus Celer, sonne of Quintus, Vice-consull, to Cicero. Epist. 1.

Cicero, to Quintus Metellus Celer; son to Quintus, Vice-Consull. Ep. 2.

Quintus Met•llus Nepos, to Cicero. Epist. 3.

Cicero to Quintus Metellus Nepos Consul. Epist. 4.

Cicero to Caius Antonius, sonne to Marcus Imperator. Ep. 5.

Cicero to Publius Sextius, sonne to Lucius Quaestor. Epist. 6.

Cicero to Cneius Pompeius magnus, sonne to Cneius. Ep. 7.

Cicero to Marcus Licinius Crassus, sonne to Marcus. Ep. 8.

Publius Vati•ius Imperator, to his friend Cicero. Ep. 9.

Publius Vatinius Imp•rator, to his friend Cicero. Ep. 10.

Cicero to Publius Vatinius. Epist. 11.

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, son to Quintus. Epist. 12.

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, sonne to Quintus. Epist. 13.

Lucius Lucceius, son of Quintus, to Cicero. Epist. 14.

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, sonne to Quintus. Epist. 15.

Cicero to Ti•iu•. Epist. 16.

Cicero to Publius Sextius. Epist. 17.

Cicero to Titus Fabius. Ep. 18.

Cicero to Ruffus. Ep. 19.

Cicero to Rufus. Ep. 20.

Cicero to Lucius Messinius. Epist. 21.

THE SIXT BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 2.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 3.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 4.

Cicero to Aulus Caecin•. Epist. 5.

Cicero to Aulus Caecina. Epist. 6.

Aulus Caecina to Cicero. Ep. 7.

Cicero to Aulus Caecina. Epist. 8.

Cicero to Titus Furfanus Vice-Consull. Epist. 9.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 10.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 11.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 12.

Cicero to Ampius Balbus. Epist. 13.

Cicero to Quintus Ligarius. Epist. 14.

Cicero to Quintus Ligarius. Epist. 15.

Cicero to Basilius. Ep. 16.

Bithynicus to Cicero. Ep. 17.

Cicero to Bithynicus. Ep. 18.

Cicero to Lepta. Ep. 19.

Cicero to Lepta. Ep. 20.

Cicero to Toranius. Ep. 21.

Cicero to Toranius. Epist. 22.

Cicero to Domitius. Ep. 23.

THE SEVENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 2.

Cic•ro to Marcus Marius. Epist. 3.

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 4.

Cicero to Caius Caesar Imperator. Epist. 5.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 6.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 7.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 8.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 9.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 10.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 11.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 12.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 13.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 14.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 15.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 16.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 17.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 18.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 19.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 20.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 21.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 22.

Cicero to Marcus Fabius Gallus. Epist. 23.

Cicero to Marcus Fabius Gali••. Ep. 24.

Cicero to Marcus Fabius. Gallus. Ep. 25.

Cicero to Gallus. Ep. 26.

Cicero to Gallus. Ep. 27.

Cicero to Curius. Epist. 28.

Manius Curius, to Cicero his Master. Epist. 29.

Cicero to Curius. Epist. 30.

Cicero to Curio. Epist. 13.

Cicero to Volumnius. Epist. 32.

Cicero to Volumnius. Epist. 33.

THE EIGHTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 1.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 2.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 3.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 4.

Marcus Coelius, to Cicero. Epist. 5.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 6.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero Epist. 7.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 8.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 9.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 10.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 11.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 12.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 13.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 14.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 15.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 16.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 17.

THE NINTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Marcus Terentius Varro. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Varro. Ep. 2.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 3.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 4.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 5.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 6.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 7.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 8.

Dolabella to Cicero. Ep. 9.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 10.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 11.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 12.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 13.

Cicero to Dolabella Consull. Epist. 9.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 15.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 16.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 17.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 18.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 19.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 20.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 21.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 22.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 23.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 24.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 25.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 26.

THE TENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Lucius Plancus, Imperator, elected Consull. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 2.

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 3.

Plancus to Cicero. Epist. 4.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consull. Ep. 5.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator elected Consull. Ep. 6.

Plancus Imperator, elected Consul, to Cicero. Epist. 7.

Lucius Plancus Imperator, elected Consull; to the Consulls; Praetors; Tribunes of the people; Senate; people; and Communaltie of Rome. Epist. 8.

Plancus Imperator, elected Consull to Cicero. Ep. 9.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator electe• Consull. Ep. 10.

Plancus to Cicero. Ep. 11.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consull. Ep. 12.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consull. Ep. 13.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consull. Ep. 14.

Plancus Imperator to Cicero. Epist. 15.

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 16.

Plancus Imperator to Cicero. Epist. 17.

Plancus to Cicero Epist. 18.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator. Epist. 19.

Cicero to Plancus. Ep. 20.

Plancus to Cicero. Epist. 21.

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 22.

Plancus to Cicero. Epist. 23.

Plancus Imperator, elected Consull, to Cicero. Epist. 24.

Cicero to Caius Furnius. Epist. 25.

Cicero to Caius Furnius. Epist. 26.

Cicero to Marcus Lepidus, Epist. 27.

Cicero to Caius Trebonius. Epist. 28.

Cicero to Ampius. Ep. 29.

Seruius Galba to Cicere. Epist. 30.

Caius Asinius Pollio to Cicero. Epist. 31.

Caius Asinius Pollio to Cicero. Epist. 32.

Caius Asinius Pollio to Cicero. Epist. 33.

Marcus L•pidus, Imperator the second time, & Pontifex Maximus, to the Senate, and people of Rome. Epist. 34.

Marcus Lepidus Imperator the second time, Pontifex Maximus, to Cicero. Ep. 35.

THE ELEVENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Decimus Brutus, to Marcus Brutus, and Caius Cassius. Epist. 1.

Marcus Brutus, and Caius Cassius Praetors, to Marcus Antonius Consull. Epist. 2.

Brutus, and Cassius Praetors; to Antonius, Consull. Ep. 3.

Decimus Brutus Imperator, to Cicero. Epist. 4.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 5.

Cicere to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 6.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 7.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 8.

Decimus Brutus to Cicero. Epist. 9.

Decimus Brutus to Cicero. Epist. 10.

Decimus Brutus Imperator, elected Consull, to Cicero. Epist. 11.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus, Imperator; elected Consull. Epist. 12.

Decimus Brutus, Imperator, elec•ed Consull, to Cicero. Epist. 13.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 14.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 15.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 16.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 17.

Cicero to Decemus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 18.

Decimus Brutus to Cicero. Epist. 19.

Decimus Brutus Imperator to Cicero. Epist. 20.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 21.

Ci•ero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 22.

Decimus Brutus, to Cicero, Epist. 23.

Cicero to Decimu• Brutu•. Epist. 24.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 25.

Decimus Brutus Imperator, to Cicero. Ep. 26.

Cicero to Caiu• Matius. Epist. 27.

Caius Matius to Cicero. Epist. 28.

Cicero to Marcus Oppius. Epist. 29.

THE TWELFTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 2.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 3.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 4.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 5.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 6.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 7.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 8.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 9.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 10.

Caius Cassius Vice-consull, to Cicero. Ep. 11.

Caius Cassius Vi•e-consull, to Cicero. Ep. 12.

Caius Cassius to Cicero. Ep. 13.

Lentulus, to his Cicero. Ep. 14.

Publius Lentulus sonne to Publius, Vice-quaestor, and Vice-praetor; to the Consulls, Praetors, Tribunes, Senate, people, and Communaltie of Rome. Epist. 15.

Caius Trebonius to Cicero. Epist. 16.

Cicero to Quintus Cornificius his Colleague. Ep. 17.

Cicero to Cornificius his Colleague. Epist. 18.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 19.

Cicero to Cornificius his Colleague. Epist. 20.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 21.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 22.

Cicero to Co••ificius. Epist. 23.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 24.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 25.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 26.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 27.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 28.

Cicero to Cornificius. Ep. 29.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 30.

THE THIRTEENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Caius Memmius. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Caius Memmius. Epist. 2.

Cicero to Caius Memmius. Epist. 3.

Cicero to Quintus Valerius Orca, sonne to Quintus, Legat: Vice-Praet•r. Epist. 4.

Cicero to Quintus Valerius Orca, sonne to Quintus Legat•: Vice-Praetor. Epist. 5.

Cicero to Quintus V•l•rius Orca, sonne to Quin•us vic•-Con•ull. Epist. 6.

Cic•ro to Caius Clu•ius. Epist. 7.

Cicero to Marcus Rutilius. Epist. 8.

Cicero to Cra•sipes. Epist. 9.

Cicero to Brutus. Epist. 10.

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 11.

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 12.

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 13.

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 14.

Cicero to Caius Caesar Imperator. Ep. 15.

Cicero to Caius Caesar, Imperator. Ep. 16.

Cicero to S•ruius Sulpitius. Epist. 17.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 18.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 19.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 20.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 21.

Cicero to Serui•• Sulpitius. Epist. 22.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 23.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 24.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 25.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 26.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 27.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpus. Epist. 28.

Cicero to Lucius Plancus. Epist. 29.

Cicero to Acilius Vice-Consull. Ep. 30.

Cicero to Acilius Vice-consull. Epist. 31.

Cicero to Acilius Vice-consull. Epist. 32.

Ci•ero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 33.

Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 34.

Cicero to Acilius vice-C•nsull. Epist. 35.

Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 36.

Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 37.

Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 38.

Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 39.

Cicero to Quintus Ancharius, vice-Consull sonne to Quintus. Epist. 40.

Cicero to Lucius Culleolus. Epist. 41.

Cicero to Lucius Culleolus, vice-Consull. Epist. 42.

Cicero to Quintus Gallius. Epist. 43.

Cicero to Quintus Gallius. Epist. 44.

Cicero to Apul•ius vice-Quaestor. Epist. 45.

Cicero to Ap•leius, vice Quaestor. Epist. 46.

Cicero to Silius. Epist. 47.

Cicero to Caius Sextilius Rufus, Quaestor. Epist. 48.

Cicero to Curius vice-Consull. Epist. 49.

Cicero to Aristus vice-Consull. Epist. 50.

Cicero to Publius C•sius. Ep. 51.

Cicero to Rex. Epist. 52.

Cicero to Quintus Thermus vice-Praetor. Epist. 53.

Cicero to Thermus vice-Praetor. Epist. 54.

Cicero to Thermus vice-Praetor. Epist. 55.

Cicero to Thermus Vice-Praetor. Epist. 56.

Cicero to Thermus Vice-Praetor. Ep. 57.

Cicero to Caius Titius Rufus, sonne to Lucius, Praetor in Rome. Ep. 58.

Cicero to Curtius Poeduceanus Praetor. Epist. 59.

Cicero to Caius Munatius, sonne to Caius. Ep. 60.

Cicero to Publius Silius, Vice-Praetor. Epist. 61.

Cicero to Publius Silius Vice-Praetor. Epist. 62.

Cicero to Publius Silus, Vice-Praetor. Ep. 63.

Cicero to Publius Silius, Vice-Praetor. Ep. 64.

Cicero to Publius Silius, Vice-Praet•r. Epist. 65.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius Isauricus, Vice-Consull. Epist. 66.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius. Epist. 67.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius Isauricus, Vice-Consull, his Colleague. Epist. 68.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius, his Colleague. Ep. 69.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius, his Colleague. Ep. 70.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius, his Colleague. Ep. 71.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius his Colleague. Ep. 72.

Cicero to Quintus Philippus Vice-consull. Ep. 73.

Cicero to Quintus Philippus, Vice-consull. Ep. 74.

Cicero to Titus Titius, sonne to Titus, Legate. Ep. 75.

Cicero to the Quatuor-viri, and Decuriones. Epist. 76.

Cicero to Publius Sulpitius Imperator. Ep. 77.

Cicero to Caius Allienus, Vice-Consull. Epist. 78.

Cicero to Caiu• Allienus, Vice-Consull. Epist. 79.

THE FOVRTEENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to his wife Terentia, and children Tulliola, and Cicero. Epist. 1.

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tulliola, and Cicero his children. Epist. 2.

Cicero to Terentia his wife and to Tulliola, and Cicero, his children. Epist. 3.

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tul•iola, and Cicero his childre•. Ep. 4.

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tulliola his daughter. Epist. 5.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 6.

Cicero to Terentia his wife. Epist. 7.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 8.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 9.

Cic•ro to his wife Terentia. Epist. 10.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 11.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 12.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 13.

Cicero to Ter•ntia his wife, and to Tulliola his young daughter. Epist. 14.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 15.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 16.

Cicero to Terentia his wife. Epist. 17.

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tu••iola his daughter. Epist. 18.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 19.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 20.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 21.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 22.

Cicero to his wife Ter•ntia. Epist, 23.

Cicero to his wife Ter•ntia. Epist. 24.

THE FIFTEENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero vice-Consull, to the Consulls, Praetors, Tribunes of the people; Senate, and people of Rome. Epist. 1.

Cicero vice-Consull, to the Consuls, Praetors, Tribunes of the people: Senate and people of Rome. Epist. 2.

Cicero to Marcus Cato. Epist. 3.

Cicero to Marcus Cato. Epist. 4.

Marcus Cato to Cicero, Imperator. Epist. 5.

Cicero to Marcus Cato. Ep. 6.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Marcus Marcellus Consull. Ep. 7.

Cicero Vice-Consull, to Caius Marcus, Consull •lected. Epist. 8.

Cicero vice-Consull, to Marcus Marcellus his Colleague. Epist. 9.

Cicero Imperator, to Caius Marcellus Consull, son to Caius. Epist. 10.

Cicero Imperator, to Caius Marcellus Consull. Epist. 11.

Cicero Imperator, to Lucius Paullus elected Consull. Ep. 12.

Cicero Imperator, to Lucius Paulus Consull. Epist. 13.

Cicero to Caius Cassius vice-Quaestor. Epist. 14.

Cicero to Caius Cassiu•. Epist. 15.

Cicero vice-Consull to Caius Cassius. Epist. 16.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 17.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 18.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 19.

Cicero to Caius Trebonius. Epist. 20.

Cicero to Tr•bonius. Epist. 21.

THE SIXTEENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

Cicero to Quintus Tiro. Epist. 1.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 2.

Cicero to his friend Tiro. Epist. 3.

Cicero •o his Tiro. Epist. 4.

Cicero to his friend Tiro. Epist. 5.

Cicero to his Tir•. Epist. 6.

Cicero to his friend Tiro. Epist. 7.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 8.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 9.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 10.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 11.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 12.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 13.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 14.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 15.

Quintus to Marcus Cicero his brother. Epist. 16.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 17.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 18.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 19.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 20.

Cicero the sonne, to his sweetest Tiro. Epist. 21.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 22.

Cicero to his Two. Epist. 23.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 24.

Cicero the sonne to Tiro. Epist. 25.

Quintus Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 26.

Quintus Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 27.

Faults escaped.

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THE Familiar EPISTLES of M. T. CICERO Englished and Conferred with the: French Italian and other translations.

LONDON printed by Edward Griffin.

I. WEBBE, D. OF PHYS: TO HIS MVCH ESTEEMED Friend, FRA: L. Esquire.

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YOur in-bred loue of knowledge, equaliz'd with able industrie; and your applause, and furtherance of a publicke benefit, brought vs acquainted. [Page] In that an office freely done to any peculiar person, is very laudable; but extending it selfe to an vniuersality; obliegeth, and vniteth all men. For, as the mutuall participation of particulars, and their vse, and faculties in a body naturall: So breedeth it, a louing harmony, and perpetuity, in that which is politicall: harmony of minds, through vniting courtesies; perpetuitie of being so, by an affectionate acceptance, and gratefull acknowledgement. Whereupon, there is not onely an exchange of fauours, out of the endowments of fortune: but from th'elaborated experience also, of such as are not enuious, proceedeth a willing demonstration of all, either infused, or acquired sciences; euer binding, by reiterated offices, the receiuer to a [Page] new addition of thankefulnesse, and the giuer to parti [...]ipate through a former deseruing gratitude. And this was the mayne occasion that I, (true friend) breaking the ice of my long concealed blessings, and inuentions, laid open to your view those christall, and abounding fountaines, which, who so tasteth, so instantly be-deweth his vnderstanding, with so recreating a Balsamum, that it springeth in the coldest Winter, and is euer fruitfull. This powerfull and celestiall water, is (as you beheld) enuironed with a guard of auncient Authors, of the most admired perfection in all professions; and such, as from the riches of their wisedomes, haue left rules, precepts, and authorities; as legacies, regalities, and prerogatiues; by which all after-ages, [Page] conditions of men, and dominions; haue beene, and must be instituted, maintain'd, and gouerned. All these, though they bewray'd a willingnesse, to embrace you, and graunt you accesse vnto that fountaine: yet through an auncient familiaritie, begunne in childhood, betweene your selfe, and Cicero, which was one of them, you sought this courtesie rather from him, and hee gaue rather way thereto, then any other. And as he was euer of an affable disposition, & had beene well read in the conditions of all men, and, delighted to be frequented, by the most illuminated vnderstandings; hee so tasted your inclination, that, calling me from clensing, (as my custome is) and purifying that fountaine, he requested me, in [Page] token of his affection, to present you with one volume of his Epistles. I ask't him which? Hee answered; the Familiar. In what Language? English. Whereat I blush't, and smiled. Hee gathering, mine inward thoughts by mine outward carriage, sayd; Blush not to bee made a Translator of so ordinarie Bookes as mine Epistles; In that, things the more ordinarie they are; argue the more vniuersall acceptance: and besides, men of greater shew, haue held their translations of lesser moment, for their greatest ornaments: But blush to thinke that Cicero, whose letters bewray his conuersation, and whose conuersation was with Consuls, Kings, Imperator's, Praetors, Quaestors, Tribunes, Generals, and friends of his owne ranke, [Page] Caesar, Pompeius, Lepidus, Antonius, Brutus, Cassius, Cato, Plancus, Lentulus, Deiotarus, Octauianus, and such great Potentates; and at that time when all the world was subiect vnto one dominion, and himselfe in it a chiefe Commander; I say blush, to conceyte that he, should reduce such Epistles into Volumes, onely for little ones. And wrong not thine owne iudgement so farre, as to imagine, that euery man of thy Nation, and Countrie, which is desirous, and worthy to read mine Epistles, is able to vnderstand them in their originall: goe on then; for those that ruled all men haue beene rul'd by me; be thou then ruled; and goe on. When I heard this, my shamefull blush was turned to a daring boldnesse; [Page] which made mee replie, Commaund: but, thou art the whole worlds greatest Orator; and I, when these are ended, shall be but a young Translator; Let me bring thee a Sydney, a Great L: Chancellor, or a Sandys; that can parallel thy Latine, with our English Language. No, sayd mine Author; they haue done; doe thou. With that, I asked him, how? Hast thou forgotten, sayd hee, that, Epistolas quotidianis verbis [...]exere solemus? Here I grew silent: but not so silent, as presumptuous; For, hence came these Epistles. Neither did I forget a French Doletus, and Italie's Manutius, who had dared as much, and were applauded. But when I was almost at an end, and met with, aliter scribimus, quod [...]os solos[Page]quibus mittimus, aliter quod multos lecturos putamus. I was absolutely determined to commend my former labours, to the secretest of all friends, a fire. But you, at that very instant, sent by destinie, repriued them: and requested my patience once more to reade them, and returne you them. 'Tis done, and by these you shall receiue them. Send backe your censure; and Farewell.

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READER:

CICERO'S Epistles haue in Italian, French, and other languages, endured sundry translations; and of each, many impressions: their Author being growne to that deserued repu [...]ation, that not onely his natiue Countrey, but the whole world hath now, well neere a thousand seuen hundred yeeres, admired him; aswell, for his powerfull and perswas [...]ue eloquence, as for his vnderstanding in all learning, and especially in Politicis. In which he so far excelled, that hee was not onely sought vnto, by the greatest Generals, and Gouernours of mighty Region [...] [Page] and Prouinces, for Councel [...] and directions; but himselfe, from a Gentle-man of no great fortunes, was by his owne deserts, so magnified, that passing thorow all titles and degrees, of place and honour, vsuall amongst the Romanes; he, aboue the rest, was glorified with these testimonies; ofCustos Vrbis; Defe [...]sor Omnium; Pater Patriae. Preseruer of the Citie: Defender of all men: and, Father of his Countrey. And came to bee of that authoritie, that hee was one of those, which commanded Kings and Potentates. These things maturely considered; a graue and powerfull Magistrate, of weightiest employments, about a g [...]eat Monarch in Europe, made these letters his glasse, his rule, his Oracle, and ordinarie pocket-booke: an hono [...]iustly due vnto the Prince of Eloqu [...]nce; for, if I conceiue him, he affords letters of content vnto all ag [...]s; from the swath-band [Page] to the crutches: and to all conditions; from the meanest Ar [...]ificer, to the highest Emperou [...]: and to all capacities, from the most pleasant and conceited'st W [...]iter, to the serious Souldier, or grauest Councellor. I know he loseth much, by being translated; though by the most expert Linguist breathing; and into the purest language spoken: Yet, because hee hath [...] like a pleasing Actor, been call'd for, againe and againe, by other Nations; I doubt no [...], but [...]ith vs, he may retaine some relish of his admired sweetnesse, and profound wisdome.

If in any place, our English translation, shall not precisely run along with [...]he originall. First, know that the various l [...]cti [...]ns may be one cause [...]her [...]o: Next, the different expositions, in the Italian or French translations, or their corrections in a [...]ter editions; for, in pl [...]ces that were difficult, [Page] doubtfull, ha [...]ting, or dismembred; after, conferring these (as sufficient, and carefull obseruers of our Authour) amongst themselues; and all with the text; I haue followed the most seeming probable interpretation. Neither haue I neglected the precept, that in this case, Horace gaue me:

Nec verbum verbo curabis reddere fidus

Interpres.—

Faithfull Translator, thou shalt not afford

Exchange of languages, made word for word.

Le [...]t I might erre with that English Gentle-man, who being demanded by an Italian, what was become of his foot-boy? made answer: Ha preso i suoi calcagni. Which sounded almost as well to the Italian, as [Page] this other to an English man, from the mouth of a great Tr [...] ueller, who being asked, when hee saw his friend? replied: It maketh a little that hee was here. Both these answers, as manie o [...] the like, though they haue good words, yet for the sense, being word for word translated, the first is but English-Italian [...] and the last, Italian-English. Which how far they are different from the puritie of speech, in either language, let their Boccace, and our Sr. Philip, teach vs. Keeping therefore sense, for sense; lest I might offend mine owne language, or wrong mine Author, I haue endeuoured, within the compasse of my capacitie, to giue thee some, though not all manner of satisfaction. For, not alone the profit of younglings, is to bee respected; but theirs also, that are desirous to read matters of historie, negotiations, war, and secret passages of [Page] policie, and gouernment: of which these little bookes are full: as being written by the greatest wit, and most industrious, and frequented Orator, in the weightiest businesses, and quickest times, of the Romane Common [...]wealth.

An Abstract of that part of the Historie of Ptol [...]maeus King of Aegypt, which is vsually put before these Epistles for the better vnderstanding of the first booke.

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PTolemaeus, king of Aegypt, father, to Ptolemaeus, that slue Pompeius: and to that well-knowne Cleopatra: abusing his royall dignitie by his leuitie; as, playing the minstrell, while others danced; from whence hee was surnam'd Auletes: and being otherwise in life lycentious; gaue daily new occasions to his subiects to withdraw their loue, and loyalty. But, falling into th'-acquaintance [Page] of Pompeius in the warre against Mithridates; and ambitious of Societie and amitie with the people of Rome; as was vsuall with other Kings and his owne predecess [...]rs: hee gaue to Caesar then Consull, and Pompeius his sonne in law sixe thousand talents to effect it.Suetonius. Sterling. 1050000. l Hee also sent an ayde vnto Pompeius in his imployments in Iudaea of eight thousand horse, without any charge vnto the Commonwealth. Hee kept a sumptuous table for a thousand personages, and bore the charges of as many seruitors to attend them. These and the like profus'd expences daily encreasing: and surmounting his annuall reuenue of twelue thousand and fiue hundred Talents:Sterling 2187500. l being inforced to borrow of Caius Rabirius Posthumius, and other friends, and Vsurers; and after to taxe his subiects for the payment, they growing at length to dislike his proceedings, not able [Page] further to tollerate so heauy burdens, expell'd him the kingdome. Whereupon, about the end of the Consulship of Publius Lentulus and Q. Metellus, he repaires to Rome; complaines to the Senate [...] vrgeth the Societie, and Amitie; of himselfe, and Ancestors; with the Senate, and people: gets Pompeius to backe him, and plead his deserts; and so effectually followes his businesse; that it was thought, not onely iust; but for example-sake vsefull, and pro [...]itable to reu [...]nge the iniuries of that King, whom the Senate and people of Rome had not long before graced with those attributes of Friend, and Companion. A decree of the Senate was forthwith enacted, That the Consulls should cast lots which of them should restore him to his Countrie. The first lot fell to Lentulus, together with the gouernment of Cilicia and Cyprus. For Spaine; that [Page] fell to his Colleague Metellus, was too remote from Aegypt, and not to be annexed to the reducement of the King of Alexandria. Against this decree, and ballottation C. Cato Tribune of the people opposed; obiecting religion; and alleadging an Oracle out of the Sibyline verses. That, if the King were reduced by a multitude, it would prooue dangerous to the Common-wealth. Then, they deliberated, who should reduce him without an armie. Some stucke to Lentulus, whom they had formerly aswell by decree, as lot receiued: some thought it fit to send Pompeius; some, otherwise. The varietie of opinions prolonged the businesse: but Cato's audacitie ouerthrew it. For, from the beginning of his Tribuneship, hee by dayly detractions, prouoked enuie both against the King, and Lentulus. At length a law being diuulged, [Page] to abrogate the gouernment of Lentulus in Cilicia; his friends withdrew their thoughts, from a lesser care, to a greater feare. And Pompeius, wa [...] by the same Cato so bitterly accused to the Senat, that he gaue ouer al pretence in that reducemēt. The King dispayring of the Senates ayde, fled to Gabinius Pro-Consull in Syria; By whom, through the promise of Starling 175000. l.ten thousand talents; and the assistance of Pompeius then Consull, hee was restored about twenty fiue yeares before the beginning of our Christian Computation. Hee found his kingdome vnder the Dominion of Archelaus friend to Gabinius, in the right of his wife Berenice, eldest of the three daughters of the said Ptolemaeus: but he slue them both in his restoring.

Gabinius being after call'd in questiō for violating the prerogatiue of the Cōmonwealth, in that [Page] he had passed the bounds of his Prouince against the Law Cornelia de Maiestate: was by corruptiō of Iudges absolued. The detestation whoreof, was cause that hee was shortly after, accused of extortion, condemned, and with con [...]iscation of goods banished. Our Cicero was in the first accusation, Playntife: in the last, at the request of Pompeius defendant.

Read Cicero's Oration in defence of Caius Rabirius Posthumius.

THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE FAMILIar Epistles of M. T. Cicero.

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Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consul. Epist. 1.

IN all my endeuours on your behalfe, and especially in my deuoted affection towards you; I satisfie all other men, yet neuer satisfie my sel [...]e: For, you haue so well deserued of me; because you neuer left my businesse [...]ill 'twas effected: that I, not hauing the like successe in yours, finde my life di [...]tastfull to me. The reasons are these [Page] Ammonius the Kings Ambassadour manifestly withstands vs by money; And the businesse is carried by those Creditors who had the managing thereof while you were present. There are but few, if any, that are inclining to the Kings suite, and they all will haue the businesse referred to Pompeius. The Senate giues way to the brute raised of the Religion, not for the Religion, but for iust disdaine, and hatred, taken against the Kinges briberie or corruption. We cease not to exhort and intreat Pompeius, and in conclusion, freely to reprehend him, and to admonish him that he draw not on him so great an infamie. But my entreaties and aduertisements are needlesse: for, as well in his priuate discourses, as openly in the Senate, he hath so carried your cause, that no man could with greater eloquence, grauitie, endeuour, or earnestnesse haue pleaded it; acknowledging your fauour to him; and his loue to you in the best fashion he was able. You know you haue displeased Marcellinus. Yet, this cause of the Kings excepted, h [...] makes plaine demonstration, that in any other occasion hee will fauour you to the vtmost of his abilitie. And we are contented with his pleasure. Ther [...] hath beene no meanes to make him al [...]ter his course about the religion. Thi [...] is the state of the business [...], till the thir [...]teenth [Page] of Ianuarie, in the morning of which day, I wrote these. Hortentiu [...] and I, and Lucullus, touching the Armie, let the religion carrie it: (for otherwise we should doe nothing,) yet remitting our selues to the order made when you propounded the matter; we stand for you: that the Senate may commit vnto you the charge of restoring the King without the Armie, as the Religion requireth: so that you may doe it without indangering the Common wealth. Crassus chooseth three Ambassadours, not excluding Pompeius: for my meaning is of such as haue publicke authoritie: Bibulus also three Ambassadours, priuate Cittizens, and with him agree the other Consulars, except Seruilius; (who holdeth that in no case he should be restored;) And Volcatius, (who consenting with Lupus chooseth Pompeius:) and Afranius, (who assenteth to V [...]lcatius:) which thing augmenteth the suspition of the intention of Pompeius. For it is found, that Pompeius friends agree vnto the opinion of Volcatius. The difficulties are manie; and the businesse beginnes to grow doubtfull: The manifest, and earnest practises of Libon and Hipsaeus, and the great desire of all Pompeius friends, bewray the hidden fire of his ambition, to haue the managing of this businesse. And they that contradict him, are not [Page] friends to you, who haue so much extolled him. My authoritie herein is the lesse, by reason of my obligation to you. And the impression which men haue made touching Pompeius intention drowneth my fauours, they surmising, that they shall gratifie him by this occasion. Things are now in the same estate with vs, as they were long before your departure; being as w [...]ll by the King himselfe, as by the intimate, and domesticke acquaintance of Pompeius priuily corrupted: afterwards by the Consulars openly sifted, and mad [...] exceeding hainous, and reproa [...]hfull Euery man shall in your absence perceiue my integritie; but your friends shall know the loue I beare you. Had there beene trust, where there should haue beene most, these troubles had not fallen vpon vs. Farewell.

Cicero to Pu [...]lius Lentulus Vice-consull, Ep. 2.

THE xiij. of Ianuary the Senate determined nothing: because the greatest part of that day was spent in Controuersies, betweene the Consull Lentulus, and Caninius Tribune of the people. At which time I also spak much on your behalfe, and by manifest tokens [Page] I perceiued, that the Senate tooke wondrous w [...]ll, the remembrance of your respect vnto that order. Whereupon the day following, they were pleased, that I should make a briefe recapitulatiō of euery mans opinion: For, they seemed to be reconciled vnto vs: which I perceiued aswell by the pleading of your cause; as by their calling euery man, and requesting their fauour for vs. When therefore the first sentence was pronounced, which was of Bibulu [...], that the King should be by three Ambassadours restored; The second, that you should restore him without the Armie, as Hortentius desired; or as Volcatius, who gaue the third; that Pomp [...]ius should restore him: It was demanded, that the particulars of that opinion of Bibulus might be considered. No man opposed that part wherein he touched the Religion; as being a thing not to be contradicted. Touching the three Ambassadors, [...]he great [...]st part flue from him. Then followed the opinion of Horten [...]ius, vpon which Lupu [...] Tribune of the people (because he had made the motion for Pompeius) began to contend, that it belonged vnto him rather than to the Cōsuls to command that euery one should goe to that side to which they were most addicted. But his speech was interrupted by the out-cryes of all men: because it was a [Page] thing new found out, and without sence or reason. The Consuls neither assented vnto him, nor were they greatly repugnant. They were contented the day should be thus driuen ouer, and so it was. For they well perceiued that the greatest part would follow Hortentius: though they outwardly seemed to allow of the opinion of Volcatius. Manie were requested to giue their opinion, and that with great vexation of the Consuls, whose desire was that the opinion of Bibulu [...] might be preferred. This controuersie endured till night, and then the Senate rose; and I, as it fell out, supt that night with Pompeius, lighting thereby vpon this occasion more fit than heretofore hath beene offered, as being the first Senate day, that hath since your departure prooued fortunate vnto vs. I so reasoned the matter with him, that he seemed to giue credite wholly to my discourse, and to deliberate how he might fauour you. Hearing his own tale, I must needs free him from the least touch of Ambition: but when I consider the carriage or passages of his familiar acquaintance, of what degree soeuer, I finde that assuredly true, that at length is manifested to all the world: that all this cause hath beene before this time by some corrupted, and not without the knowledg or priuitie of the King himselfe, and of [Page] his Counsellers. These I wrote the 14. of Ianuarie before day, in which the Senate was to sit. We shall as I hope maintaine our reputation in the Senate so far, as is possible in this so persidious an age, and full of iniustice. As for the popular respects, I thinke we haue so carried things, that nothing can be done with the people, without the violating of diuine authoritie, or breach of lawes, no nor without compulsion. Yesterday the Senate ratified the things aforesaid, by interposing of their graue authoritie: to which though Cato, and Caninius opposed themselues, yet it was registred, and I thinke it shall be sent vnto you. I will not faile to giue you good accompt hereafter of euery thing that passeth: and I will engage all my thoughts, endeuours, diligence, and friends, in the effecting this businesse, to our owne contentment. Farewell.

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 3.

AVlus Trebonius my auncient and [...]amiliar friend, who hath affayres of great impo [...]tance in diuerse places of your Prouince, and such as may be soone dispatched; hath beene heretofore very well-come thither, as well [Page] for his owne worth, as for being by my selfe, and other friends recommended: and, at this present, in respect of your loue towards me, and for our neere alliance, he is very confident, that he shall be able by meanes of these my letters, to purchase your gracious fauour. I beseech you therefore let not his hope deceiue him; and I recommend vnto you all his affayres, his Freemen, his agents, his familie; and especially, that what Titus Ampius shall decree about his businesse, you would be pleased to ratifie: and so vse him in all other occasions, that he may thereby gather, that I haue effectuallie recommended him. Farewell.

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 4.

VPon the fifteenth of Ianuarie, when we had the better hand in the Senate, for that the daie before, we had broken the neck of that opinion of Bibulus, concerning th [...] three Ambassadors; and that there was now onely resting the opinion of Volcatius, to contend withall; the businesse was with diuerse cauills p [...]olonged by our aduersaries: who could not endure, that we amongst so manie, and so great varietie of opinions, should carrie away the [Page] glorie of the day [...] Curio was at that time a bitter enemie vnto vs, Bibulus much more milde, and ra [...]her a friend than otherwise; Caniniu [...], and Cat [...], had resolued [...]o propose no law before the next creation of Magistrates. The Senate, as you know, by the inte [...]dict of the law Pupia, cannot be reduced before the Calends of Februarie, nor for all that moneth, vnlesse the Ambassages be either dispatched, or put off. But the people of Rome are possest, that those that enuie and hate you, haue brought vp this brute of an inuented Religion, not so much to hinder you; as to keepe euery man else from seeking for credits sake to goe that iourney with the armie into Alexandria. And no man can report other than that the Senate, hath had good respect of you: for it is well knowne, that your aduersaries haue hindred the dispatch of your cause, but if they shall attempt now any thing by wicked and trecherous proceedings (as they haue done) vnder pretence or name of the people of Rome, it is sufficiently prouided, [...]at they can passe nothing, vnlesse they will withstand authoritie, and the lawes, or else bring their intent about by violence. I will omit to speake, either o [...] mine owne faithfulnesse, or other mens ingratitude. For it were but a follie to make any ost [...]nta [...]ion of my selfe, considering [Page] that if I should spend my life for you, I cannot counteruaile your courtesies: And to complaine of other mens iniuries, were but to renew my old troubles. If in this time of weake Magistrates, any thing shall be attempted by force, I can make no resistance: but if no violence shall be offered, I can assure you, that the Senate and people of Rome will doe what in them lyeth to support your reputation. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consul. Ep. 5.

THough I desire nothing more, than to be knowne first of your selfe, and then to all the world, for a most thankful man, and one that cannot forget the good turnes you haue done me; ye [...] it grieues me to the heart, that the times since your departure are such, as inforce you to make triall as well of mine, as other mens trust, and affection towards you. For I vnderstand by your letters, that you haue had the same proofe o [...] your friends, in your authoritie: that I haue had of mine, in my health, and prosperitie. I endeuoured with all my vnderstanding, care, and po [...]er, to bring about the cause of the king; when on the sodaine Cato, beyond [Page] all imagination, proposed a wicked law, which did not onely hinder the cause, but hath made that businesse, which was before light, and easie; to be very difficult, and desperate. But, though in so crosse an accident, we are to expect all mischiefe; yet wee feare nothing more than treacherie. Come what will come, let Cato be wel assured, we will resist him. About the restoring of the king, I promise you thus much, that I will so bestur me, that you shall rest fully satisfied. Yet I doubt, that either the businesse may be taken out of our hands; or that there will be no further proceeding in it: and I cannot well determine, which of these two courses will leaft content me. But if it come to this passe; there is a third way which neither Selicius, nor I dislike. That we neither suffer the King to be abandoned; nor let him be put ouer vnto that man for his restoring, who is alreadie thought, to haue obteined him. We will doe the best we can, that things may goe, as we would haue them: if not; we will so leaue off, that we may suffer no disgrace thereby. It is for a man of your wisedome, vnderstanding and valour; to be well assured, that all your greatnesse, and honour proceedes from your owne vertue, your noble actions, and graue proce [...]dings, (which will neuer faile you) and to set light by [Page] that, that the perfidiousnesse of any man can detract from you, in any thing wherein fortune hath inriched you. Knowing for certaine, that whatsoeuer is done in that kind, will turne to them more hurtfull, than to you hereafter. There is not an houre passes, but I am either doing something in your businesse, or contriuing how to doe it. And in euery thing I vse the helpe of Quintus Selicius: whom I esteeme as discreete, faithfull, and louing vnto you, as any of your other friends. I make accompt that you haue vnderstood both by frequent letters, and messengers, aswell what we haue now in hand, as that that hath beene hitherto effected. Of that, that is expected, I hold none fitter then my selfe, to send you mine opinion. I haue seene Pompeius vpon two occasiōs terribly troubled. First, for that on the [...]xt of Februarie, speaking to the people in the fauour of Milo, they gaue not onely a negligent eare vnto him: but often interrupted him with exclamations, and villanies: secondly because Cato speaking ill of him, in the Senate, and sharply accusing him, had a mo [...]t quiet audience: so tha [...], it seemes he altogether shrinketh from this cause of restoring the king, in which we haue alwayes held our owne: the Senate not hauing taken any thing from you herein, but that, which by the Religion it [Page] cannot giue vnto another man. Our hope therefore at this present is, that the King finding himselfe decei [...]ed in his opinion of thinking to be [...]estored by Pompeius: and being depriued of all other hopes herein, will necessarilie applie himselfe vnto you. In the effecting hereof wee will vse all diligence: and he will doubtlesse be most willing; so that P [...]mpeius make but the least shew to be content therewith. But you know how slow he is, and [...]l [...]o how silent in all his actions, yet there is nothing, that may be done herein, by vs omitted The other iniuries that Cato threa [...]neth to doe vs, shall need (I hope) but easie resistance Of the Con [...]ulars I find none to fauour you, but Hortentius, and Lucullus. The rest are partly [...]ec [...]et, partly open enemies. But be of good courage: And wi [...]hout al doub [...], the rash attempt of this phantasticall [...]ellow will come to nothing, and you shall recouer your former honour, and reputation. Fare you well.

Cicero to Lentulus. Ep. 6.

HOw matte [...]s haue beene carried, you may [...]nforme your selfe of P [...]llio; who was not onely present at them, but imployed in them. In the [Page] depth of the trouble I suffer about your businesse, my comfort is, that I hope assuredly, that the good Councell of your friends, and time it selfe, which discouereth the designes of enemies, and trecherous persons shal shelter you from their wicked pretences. One better comfort I haue more, calling to remembrance, my troubles past; whose very image I perceiue in your affayres, for although the blemish of your honor, is not to be compared with the losse of my well-fare: there is notwithstanding such a resemblance, that I cannot imagine, but you will hold me excused, if those things affright me not, which you your selfe neuer feared. But, be you that man, that I haue knowne you from your infancie; and credit me, the iniuries of men, shall make your greatnesse more illustrious. And expect from me the chiefest fauours, and offices that can be shewed you, for I will not faile your expectation. Fare you well.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consull. Ep. 7.

I haue read your letters, in which you are thankfull vnto me, because I often acquaint you with all passages, and because [Page] I make open demonstration to you of the affection I beare you. It was needlesse to thanke me, because I was oblieged to loue you, (if I would not appeare vnworthie of your good opinion:) and besides, I tooke delight in this frequent epistolar correspondence with you, seeing we could not in absence otherwise enioy one another. And when it fals out that I write not so often vnto you, it shall proceed from a distrust I shall haue to put my letters in euery mans hands. But alwaies, when I shal haue a faithful messēger, I wil not omit the opportunitie. Touching the particulars, which you desire to know, concerning your friends, they would be tedious to relate, but as for that, of which I haue often heretofore written vnto you, I can bid you now relie vpon it for a certaintie. That some, which both greatly could, and should haue fauoured you, haue enuied your greatnesse, and the course of your Fortunes. Although the case be not alike, yet it hath some equalitie with mine. For they that were offended with you, vpon an occasion that concerned the Common-wealth, haue openly withstood you; and those that were defended by you, haue not beene so mindfull of your valour, as hatefull of your commendation. At which time, as I haue heretofore at large written vnto you, I haue [Page] knowne Hortentius, and Lucullus to be very affectionate towards you; and amongst those [...]hat are Magistrates, Lu [...]ius Racilius, a most faithfull and louing friend of yours. With that diligence, I bestow in fauouring you, I profit not so much as I should, if I fauoured another, men presuming, that I helpe you more out of obligation, than discretion. Amongst the Consulars I haue not knowne a man besides H [...]r [...]entius and Lucullus, [...]hat hath made so much as a shew, of any good, much l [...]sse done any good thing for you. I write nothing vnto you of P [...]mp [...]ius, because you know, he hath beene very seldome in the Senate. But this I tell you, that hee h [...]th often re [...]soned with me, about your matters, and that not onely when he was inuited thereunto by me, but of his owne proper inclination also. And the letters which you lately sent him, were wondrous acceptable vnto him, as I haue vnderstood by signes of grea [...]est certaintie, I must needes con [...]esse, that you haue not onely filled me with ioy, but with admiration, when I consider, how ingenuously, and with what great discretion, you haue kept so rare a man your friend, and so much oblieged him vnto your courtesie. Wiping out of his memorie, the fal [...]e suspition, which he had, that you s [...]ould be offe [...] ded with him, beleeuing as oth [...]rs did, [Page] that he stroue with you about the restoring of the king. To tell truth, though you haue alwayes found him readie to pleasure you, and especially then, when peraduenture the con [...]ra [...]ie was doubted, as when Caninius, sought that the people should giue him the managing of this businesse, yet I can assure you, that I neuer saw him, more earnest, or forward than at this present. Therefore know, that whatsoeuer I write, shall be written by his Councell, and opinion. I say then, till now the Senate hath not denied you the restoring of the King. Because that decree, that no man might restore him, was rather made out of furie then by reason; and the Tribunes as you know were thereunto opposed. You therefore hauing the gouernment of Silicia and Cyprus, may easily informe your selfe, whether your fo [...]ces be sufficient to bridle Alexandria, a [...]d Aegypt, and finding it a ma [...]ter feyseable, you may, goe into A [...]exandria with the armie, leauing the King at Ptolem [...]is, or there bouts, and when you haue set all things quiet, and appointed, and placed your gu [...]risons, you may restore Ptolem [...]us to his former state and Dominion. And af [...]er this manner, he shall be restored by you, as the Senate had in the beginning ord [...]ined; and restored without the armie, as these religious persons said, was according to the pleasure, [Page] or liking of the Sibylla. And you shall thus doe a thing agreeable to the honour of your selfe, and of our Common-wealth. It is true, that the attempt seemes vnto vs, doubtfull, because wee know men will iudge according to the successe. And, if the matter should fall out as we would haue it, euery man will proclaime you wise, and valorous: If any misfortune should come betweene you and home, all men will say you were vaine, and ambitious. Wherefore, you shall better gather than we, whether the enterprise be secure, as hauing the estate of all Aegypt within your view. Our opinion is, that if you haue any certaintie, to possesse your selfe of that kingdome, that you defer no time in effecting it; but if the case be doubtfull, put not your selfe vpon it. This I assure you, that if you prosper in it, you shall be in your absence praised of many, and at your re [...]ur [...]e, of all men; if it happen otherwise, I forsee that nothing but [...]ll can come thereof. The Senate hauing declared their pleasure, and besides there being the respect of the religion. But as I exhort you, to put your sel [...]e vpon the taske, if you finde things without danger; so if you doubt they will giue you battell: I disswade you from it. And againe I tell you what from the beginning I haue signified vnto you, that men will censure your [Page] actions, not so much according to the counsell you haue embraced, as according to the end that shall ensue thereof. But if this way [...]hould appeare dangerous vnto you, we should like it well, that the king, (giuing assurance to those friends of yours, which in diuerse places of your Prouince, haue furnisht him with moneys;) should vse your ayde to returne into his kingdome. You being easily able to helpe him; aswell for the qualitie, as situation of your Prouince; he being destitute of a more sure meanes to returne withall. This is my opinion; now doe what you thinke best. Whereas you reioyce at my condition, at the familiaritie of Milo, at the vanitie and weaknesse of Clodius, [...] wonder not at your ioy; being the custome of an excell [...]nt artificer, to take pleasure in his own workmanship. Though you cannot imagine how great peruersitie (not to giue it a worse terme) raignes in some kind of men, who if they had fauoured me, I had neuer changed mine intention, in the managing of the Common-wealth, but their ill carriages towards me haue constrained me, to runne a course for mine owne safetie, of which I haue beene hitherto something carelesse, esteeming honour more than mine owne life. Both might hau [...] beene done very well, if these Consula [...]s were to be trusted, or [Page] had any constancie: but they are for the most part so malicious, and so depriued of iudgement, that whereas they should long affect me, as one that am a most affectionate cittizen to mine own Countrey, they enuie me for defending it. Which I haue written thus freely vnto you, because I acknowledge, not onely my present [...]state from you, but the beginning of my honour also. And moreouer, because I begin now to beleeue, that my obscure paren [...]age, was not the cause I was so ill beloued: considering that you, that are bo [...]ne of a most noble house, could not auoid the rage of these malicious people. Who though they haue su [...]fered you to arise to one of [...]he chiefest places, they haue afterwardes alwayes [...]aid waite, to clip your wings for feare you should flie higher. I reioyce, that your Fortune hath not beene like mine, for there is great difference, betweene bei [...]g a little crossed, and being vtterly ruined. Notwithstand [...]ng out of your worth, you haue laboured so, that I am not greatly to complaine of mine; you hauing prouided, [...]hat I h [...]u [...] made a greater gaine in honour, than I haue recei [...]ed damage in my estate. Therefore at this present I entre [...]t you; vrged here [...]nto not o [...]ely by the fauours you haue done me, bu [...] by the affection that I euer bare you, that you striue-with all your [Page] power to arise vnto the height of glory; to which euer since you were a boy, you haue had a strong inclination: and let no [...] euery occu [...]rent iniurie, deiect the lof [...]ines o [...] your spirit, which I haue alwayes loued, and admired. The hope that is of you is great, and great is the comm [...]ndation of your liberal [...]tie, as also the memorie of your Con [...]ulship is great; to which you know well, how great an ornament, and honor will bee added, if some noble argumēt or token of your valour can in the gouernment, which you now haue of that Prouince, be produced. Though I am vnwilling you should enterprise any thing, without diligent consideration, examination, and preparation. And because I know that all your thoughts haue eu [...]r beene enclined to ascend to the highest step of honour, when you are arriued, I assure you 'tis an easie matter to maintaine you there. And to the end that this my exhortation appeare not friuol [...]us, and from the purpose: know that I haue to this effect beene desirous to put you in minde of the acciden [...]s which haue occurred to both of vs, that hereafter you may know whom you may trust, and of whom you should be warie. Whereas you write that you would know, what the state of the Common-wealth is: there is great discord, but [...]he strife is vnequal; [...]or they that are st [...]ongest [Page] in riches, armes, and power, seeme to haue gone so farre through the folly, and in [...]onstancie of their aduersaries, that they are also at length before them in authoritie. So that, hauing few or none against them, they haue fully obtained that of the Senate, which was neuer thought should haue beene granted by the people, without great commotion. And thus a stipend, with ten Ambassadors hath beene assigned and graunted vnto Caesar, and the time of his gouernment in France prolonged, contrarie to the Law Sempronia, which I write briefly vnto you, because the present state of the Common-wealth displeaseth me: yet I write it to aduertise you, that you may in time resolue your selfe to beleeue that, of which I by the studie of so many yeares, and much more by experience, am resolued; that, a man ought not to loue prosperitie without authoritie, nor it without prosperitie. Whereas you congratulate with me about my daughter, and Crassipes, I acknowledge your courtesie, and hope, that of such a marriage wee shall haue that content, which is desired. It resteth onely that I remember you, that you bring vp our Lentulus in all those sciences, to which you haue euer beene enclined: but aboue all things, that you put him vpon that course, which you haue holden: by which if he goe, there [Page] is no doubt, bu [...] he shall become most vertuous, and very valorous; hauing in these his greene yeares, made himselfe of so great an expectation. We do most entirely loue him, aswell because he is your sonne, and worthie to be so; as because I know he loues me, and hath euer done so. Fare you well.

Cicero to Publius Le [...]tulus Vice-consull. Ep. 8.

OF all things which concerne you, what is done, determined, and promised by Pompeius; Emplat [...]rius shall to the full enforme you: who hath not onely seene, but sollicited them; and that with so much loue, iudgement, and care, that greater of any friend could no wayes be expected. Of the same man you may vnderstand the state of the weale publique, whose shape by pen can hardly be portraied. But let it su [...]fice you, that the gouernment is in the managing of our acquaintance, and the common opinion is, that in our time it will not be changed. Wherefore I, as well for the obligation that I haue to Pompeius, as to obey your comfortable, and safe Councels; and to maintaine my regained honour, together with my prosperitie; I fauour his [Page] pretences, as he vpon your request hath fauoured me in my occasions. You know how full of trouble it is vnto a cittizen to change the habite of his mi [...]de, especially when it is good, and such as hath beene by him long time continued. Notwithstanding I applie my selfe to this mans pleasure, not being able with honestie to gainesay him, neither doe I this as is peraduenture by some enformed, with dissimulation; because a naturall inclination, and loue, which I beare him, can doe so much with me, that I hold all things to be honest and [...]rue, which are to his profit, and good liki [...]g. And in my iudgement his aduersaries also should doe well, if (not being able to withstand him) they should cease to contend longer with him. Verily this also giues me comfort, that euery man freely graunteth vnto me, as it were by a speciall priuiledge, either to fauour the disignes of Pompeius; or to be silent; or to retire me to our common studies, in which I take the greatest pleasure. And if his friendship forbid me not, I will by all meanes doe so; not being able to councell the common-wealth with that freedome I desire; nor with that authority, which I, after so manie troubles susteined in managing the gr [...]atest pl [...]ces of dignitie haue expected. Although this is not my losse alone, but vniuersall. For, of necessitie, [Page] either place must be giuen (though with losse o [...] reputation,) to the wils of some few: or difference of opinion, and opposition must be vaine and friuolous. And whatsoeuer I haue hitherto written, hath beene almost wholly vpon this occasion. That you may at le [...]gth looke to your selfe. The courses of the Senate, of all Courts of iustice, and the whole state are altered; nothing remaineth for vs to doe, but to wish for quietnesse: and those that gouerne, make show that they wil content vs, so that men will be quie [...], and not so much [...]rouoke their grea [...]nesse to displeasure: [...]ut we must not thinke to liue with that repu [...]ation vvhich be [...]itteth noble Senators: thankes be to them that haue allienated Pompeius, from the Senate, and broken the peace which was betvveene him & the Nobilitie. But to turne to our purpose, about your matt [...]rs; I haue found that Pompeiu [...] is a good friend vnto you; and when he becomes Consull, you shall [...]nde (if I be not dec [...]iued) whatsoeuer true, parti [...]lar, and important fauours, your heart ca [...] im [...]gine, or be desired. And I hauing an especiall care of all your businesse, vvill spurre him alvvaies forward. And I am not onely sure, that I shall neuer seeme vnto him importunate, but I rather hope, that he perceiuing me so gra [...]efull, will herein [Page] assuredly find great contentment. Le [...] tulus liue secure, for euery little occasion of yours sticks neerer me, then all mine owne. And I being of that mind, can satisfie my selfe for matter of my diligence; but for the effects, it is impossible; as not being able with my v [...]ry thoughts, to serch out the way, to shew you my thankefulnesse, much lesse in act to equalize the least part of your fauours. It is here reported that you haue gotten a great victorie. And vve expect the nevves thereof from you. And we haue alreadie spoken to Pompeius; and so soone as your let [...]ers shall arriue, vve vvill speake vvith the Magistrates, and Senators. And in all your businesse, although it should so fall out that we should vvorke more then vve thinke our selues able: yet it seemes much lesse vnto vs then is befitting. Fare you well.

Cicero to Publius Lentulus Vice-consull. Ep. 9.

YOur letters vvere very acceptable vnto me, because I vnderstood [by them] that you apparently perceiue how much I respect you; vvhich had not beene so well expressed, if I said I had loued you, because in my conceit, [Page] that name of respect, although it be exceeding graue and holy; is notwithstanding of lesse vveight, and of much lesse price, then are the courtesies you haue done me. As for the thankes you render me, nothing hath thereunto more mooued you, then a certaine aboundance of affection; which giues occasiō, that you esteeme those things vvhich vvithout my vtter shame, and soule imputation cannot be pretermitted. But if all this time we haue beene separated, we had liued togither, and in Rome, I had made more manifest demonstration of my mind vnto you. For vvith equall commendation, in defence of the Common-wealth, vve should haue proceeded in euery action to one, and the selfe same end, and purpose. And I hope it may yet come to passe; asvvell for that, vvhich you giue notice of; as because you can easily performe the same. Of the which I vvill here after giue satisfaction according to your d [...]sire, and vvill declare vn [...]o you hovv I am affected, and the state in vvhich I now find my selfe. But to turne vnto my purpose, if you had beene at Rome, I would haue beene gouerned by your pleasure, and haue remitted my selfe wholly vnto your loue and infinite vvisedome, and you should haue vsed me as a Counceller, peraduenture not altogether ignorant, but I [Page] am sure, faithfull, and affectionate. Although I am verie glad, (as I ought to be,) to hea [...]e you are full of glorie in your Prouince, for your late obteined victorie: Yet here you would haue reaped, a better crop of your seede, and more aboūdant. Because I would wonderously haue helped you, to haue bin reuenged on them, of whom you know there are some, that greatly maligne you, for hauing restored me into my Countrie; other some, that enu [...]e you for the reputation and renovvn, which is fallen vnto you by so noble a fact, and honourable enterprise. Although that wretched villaine, naturall enemie of his friends, vvho vvithout fauour, and depriued of any man to vphold him, in recompence of your especiall fauours done him; bestirred him vvith that feeble force he had, to doe you iniurie: Yet hee himselfe in our reuenge hath giuen condigne punishment to his owne offences. For such plots of his haue beene discouered, [...]hat haue not onely vtterly dishonored him, but during life depriued him of libertie. And although I should hau [...] lik't it better, that you had learned by my example, then by your owne experience; yet I reioyce in my sorrow, that you haue knowne that faith in men vvith small cost, which I to my great losse haue beene acquainted vvith, and [Page] I am disposed to discourse a while vpon this point, to giue ansvv [...]re to that you haue demanded. You write that you vnderstand that I am reconciled vvith C [...]sar, and with Appius, and further you adde, that for being so, you doe not reprehend me; but that you would know what reason hath moued me to defend & praise Vatinius: which, that it may the better be explained, i [...] is necessarie, that I declare my minde vnto you; taking my discourse from far-fetch'd passages. When I returned, good L [...]ntulus, into my Countrie, it was my meaning to helpe, not onely my friends, but also the Common-wealth; and because I found my selfe infinitely oblieged vnto you, as being by your meanes returned; I thought I was likewise oblieged vnto it, as hauing fauoured you in my restauration. And whereas formerly I had wearied my selfe in the seruice thereof, because I would not b [...] wanting vnto it in the office of a good Cittizen; I now thinke that it behooueth me much more to doe the same, that I might not be vngratefull. And this disposition of mine I made knowne vnto the Senate, when you were Consull; and reasoned with your selfe often about it. Though from the beginning, when you sought that the Senate should restore my former losses, many things offended me; finding [Page] my [...]elfe of the one part secretly hated, and of the other slowly fauoured. For, neither when there was reasoning about my house, or of that wicked violence, by which I, and my brother were cast out of doores; did they ioyne with you, which should haue assisted: nor yet made they demonstration of that minde towards me, which I expected; not only in matters that were of moment, no nor yet in such, as although they were for the great los [...]e of all my moueables neces [...]arie: howsoeuer they were of mee, but as base things, little esteemed. And though I perceiued t [...]ings passe in this manner, (for they were not very secret,) yet did I not esteeme the present [...]iurie, equall vnto their merit past. Wherefore, although I knew my selfe much obliged to Pompeius; especially because you more then any man tolde mee, that you saw him very earnest in my cause; And although I loued him, not so much for hauing receiued curtesies from him, as because I haue beene alwayes inclined to affect him; thinking that he for his vertue had deserued it: yet without hauing any regard to what he desired, I followed my old custome, hauing in euery action, the good of the Common-wealth my sole obiect. And in token of the truth, Pompeius being of the Senate, when he went into [Page] Rome, to commend Publius Sextius; and Vatinius one of the testimonies, had tolde, that I was become one of Caesars friends, moued thereunto by his happy fortune; I gaue him this answer. That the fortune of Bibulus, which hee esteemed full of misery, was greater in my estimation, then all the triumphs, and victories. And in another place, I said (euen in the presence of Pompeius,) that none but they thrust mee out of Rome, which where occasion that Bibulus feared to s [...]ur out of doores. And that examination of mine was onely to reprehend the Tribuneship of Vatinius. Where I spake with great liberty and courage, about violence, authority, and the donation of Kingdomes. Nei [...]ther did I in this [...], but a [...] m [...] ny other times speake in S [...]na [...]e with the same constancie. And further, Marcelinus, and Philippus being Consuls, th [...] Senate vpon the fift of Aprill, was contented vpon my request, that on the fifteenth of May in open Senate, the case should bee proposed of the Campan Territorie. Thinke you that I could at this time couragiously handle this cause rather, then [...]orget my owne calamities, and call to remembrance my owne actions? When I had spoken my opinion, there grew great alteration, in some particular persons, which had occasion; and in others also, which I [Page] could neuer haue imagined. For the decree being made, after that manner that I had councelled; Pompeius, without making any demonstration vnto me, that he was displeased; tooke his iourney for Sardinia, and Africa: and went by Luca to meet with Caesar; who complained much of this deed of mine: as being incensed a little before in Rauenna, by Crassus, who had spoken much ill vnto him concerning mee: And, though I had vnderstood by many, that Pompeius was offended with mee; Yet my brother gaue mee the greatest notice, who meeting him in Sardinia, a little while after hee came from Luca, was thus saluted by him. In very deed, Sir, I desired to see no man rather then you: neither could fortune haue brought mee any man, with whom I could bee so much contented. If you take not such order, that your brother Marcus keepe the promise that you on his behalfe made vs, this debt will fall vpon you. What needs more vvords? He complained grieuously; hee made repetition of his deserts; hee called to memory the agreement made about the acts of Caesar; and follovved on yet further, that he knevv vvell, that Caesar lou'd my happinesse; p [...]aying him at last, to recommend vnto me the cause, and [...]he honour of the aforesayd [Caesar.] And that at the least, I should not [Page] oppugne him, if I vvould not, or could not help him. When I had from my brother vnderstood these things, and Vibullius, by commission of Pompeius, hauing beene a little before to speake vvith mee, that I should in courtesie leaue, till his returne, the Campan cause, in the state it vvas in: driuen to bethinke me of my selfe, I turned me vvholly to consider mine ovvne affaires, becomming after a sort petitioner to the Common-vvealth: That in consideration of so much paines, as I had taken for it, it vvould be pleased to grant me, that I might shevv my selfe gratefull tovvards my benefactours, and continue the trust of my brother; and that it vvould suffer that man to bee good, vvhom in all occasions it had found to be a good Citizen. Novv in all my actions and sentences, vvhich seeme to offend Pompeius, I perceiued, that there vvere certaine persons vvhom you may imagine, vvhich, notvvithstanding they vvere of my opinion, and had alvvaies beene so, yet they reioyced, that I follovved not the vvill of Pompeius; hoping assuredly, that he, for that cause should grovv a cold friend vnto me, and Caesar a capitall enemie. I had iust occasion to be grieued hereat; but much more, that in my pr [...]sence, they did most familiarly embrace, vvelcome, and kisse mine enemie. But vvhy doe I say, mine [Page] enemie? rather enemie of the Lavv, of the Courts of Iustice, of the quiet of his Countrey, and in conclusion, of all men of honesty. vvith that demonstration, they had an opinion they should mo [...]e mee to anger, but it vvas not so; because in mee all anger vvas ext [...]nguished. These passages therefore considered, and making a calculation, vvith that vnderstanding that God had giuen mee, I reduced into forme all my discourses: vvhich if I be able, I vvil briefly recount vnto you. If I should see the Common-vvealth to bee gouerned by vvicked & loose Citizens, as vve knovv falleth out in our times; and haue vnderstood, to haue at other times also occurred; no force, either of revvards, vvhich I slightly esteeme, nor yet of dangers, vvhich were vvont to feare the stou [...]est men, could haue such interest in me, that I should consent to the liking of men of such condition, although my heart should tell mee, they had obliged mee. But the Common-vvealth resting it selfe vnder the shadow of C [...]cius Pompeius, vvho, vvith his great deserts tovvards it, and vvith his vvorthy actions, hath gotten this povver, and estimation; and I hauing from my youth fauoured, nay, I say more, hauing furthered him, both vvhen I vvas Praetor, and vvhen I vvas Consull, and he in like manner helping mee, as vvell [Page] by councell, as by fauour; and vnvvilling to haue other enemy in the Citie, then that man that vvas to me an enemy; I thought not, that I should bee held for inconstant, if I had a little altered some of my opinions; inclining my vvill to that, vvhich appertained to the dignity, both of a man of his sort, and of such an one, as vvas my Benefactour. And being of this minde, it vvas necessarie for me, as you see, that I should also fauour Caesar, hee being invvard vvith Pompeius; to vvhich, partly ancient friendship much moued me, that I and my brother Quintus haue alvvaies, as you knovv, held vvith Caesar; partly, the humanity and courtesie, vvhich hee hath many vvayes in short time shevved vs. And to this, the respect of the Common-wealth, made great addition: seeming vnto mee, that it did not onely dislike, but strangely refused, that there should be any contention with men of that quality. Especially Caesar hauing performed many valorous actions thereunto behoofefull. And I being heretofore entred into such deliberation, was vpon the former occasions, altogether settled, by reason of the testimonie, that Pompeius had giuen of me to Caesar, and my brother to Pompeius. Moreouer, I should haue considered, that which is by our Plato written so diuinely; that, Citizens[Page]were wont to bee such, as their Gouernours. I remember the first day of my Consulship, and often afterwards, that I might keepe the Common-wealth in a direct course, and at one stay, I layd so strong foundations, and in such a manner encouraged the Senate, that it was no maruell, though it carried it selfe so stoutly in December following. And in conclusion, I remembred: that from the time of our Consulship, vntill that of Caesar and Bibulus, men liued in exceeding peace, and vnity; And vpon any occasion wee had to speake in Senate, our opinions had that esteeme that was befitting: afterwards; at that time when you were Gouernour of the hither Spaine, the Common-wealth hauing no Consuls, but Merchants of Prouinces, and seruants, and ministers of seditions; fortune would, to giue occasion of war, throw mee into the midst of the Camp of discord, and ciuill contention. In which danger, the Senate hauing readily raised it selfe, and whole Italy, with the strength of the best men, in my defence and assistance: I will not relate what happened; because I should complaine of many; I will onely in briefe say, that I needed no army, but I wanted Commanders; And the fault was in generall of all those, which did not defend mee; but particularly of those, [Page] which were tyed to defend me. And if they should bee reprehended, which were truely fearefull, they which counterfetted feare, are so much more blame-worthy. Certainely, that disposition of my minde was worthy of commendation; when seeing my Citizens most ready to succour mee, and desirous, to shew me their thankfulnes; yet because they were without Leaders, I would not put them to encounter with armed seruants. But it sufficed me, onely to sh [...], how much strength should haue beene by consent of good men gathered, if they had had occasiō of a battaile for me, when I was strong, and lusty; seeing they could afterwards, when I was at the weakest, giue mee succour. Whose mindes you did not onely know, when you took paines about mee, but also you confirmed and maintained [them.] And I will neuer deny; rather, while I breath, I will be mindefull, and report it willingly; that you vsed the means of some most noble personages, which were more strong in restoring me, then they were after in retaining mee. In which intention, if they had perseuered; together with my prosperitie, they had regained th [...]ir owne au [...]horiti [...]. Because, the good Citizens, recouering themselues in your Consulship; and being by your example rouzed from that drowzinesse, [Page] that had long oppressed them; especially, hauing the protection of Cneius P [...]mpeius, and of Caesar, who, by his owne strength, was raised by the Senate, to singular and vnusuall honours, no wicked Citizen could haue euer offended the Common-wealth. But marke, I pray you, how things haue proceeded. That infamous fellow Clodius, which polluted the womens sacrifices; who gaue no more honour to the Goddesse B [...]n [...], then to his owne three sisters, was absolued of that fault, for which he ought deseruedly to haue suffered. And afterwards, Milo, Tribune of the people, and with him many iust men, entreating, that this seditious Citizen might, according to his fact, bee punished; the Iudges, against all rights of Iustice, did acquit h [...]m, depriuing the Common-wealth of so memorable an example, of reuenge vpon seditions. And afterwards, the very same Iudges permitted, that the name of Enemy, was with bloudy letters engrauen, in the house, that was not mine, (because it was no booty of mine, I hauing onely a hand in the building thereof) but did belong vnto the Senate, who payd the charges of it. It is true, that I ought them that thankfulnesse, which was due for so great a ben [...]fit, as bringing me out of banishm [...]nt, and giuing mee my health againe. But I would, that [Page] they had not onely, as Physicians, had regard vnto my health, but also of my strength, and colour; according to the custome of those good masters, which take care to anoynt such as are to make proofe of their actiuity. But as Apelles [...] by his curious Art, finished the head of Venus, with the vpper part of her breast, leauing the other part of her body, with a meere beginning: so may I say that some men about my head, haue onely laboured, and haue left the rest of the body rude, and vnperfected. And because those that enuie me, and especially mine enemies, thought, that the blow giuen mee by banishment, had partly taken away my courage, you could not imagine how much I haue deceiued their expectation. Heretofore, of Quintus Metellus, son of Lucius, who was a stout man, and of a strong heart, and in my iudgement, for greatnesse, and constancie of minde surpassing all men; they reported, that they vnderstood, (though I hold it rather to bee a thing of their owne forging,) that hee being returned from banishment, made alwai [...]s shew of a weake and deiected minde. How is it credible, that hee should be changed by banishment, hauing both by especiall election accepted it, and with great courage of minde sustained it, being carelesse of his returne? and how comes it, that they [Page] take not notice, how Metellus in constancie and grauitie exceeded all men; euen that Ma [...]cus S [...]aurus, who was so famous [...]o the world? But their malice made them beleeue that of mee, which they [...]magined, or vnderstood of him; that is, that I should grow base, or bee deiected: though the Common-wealth gaue me greater encouragement, th [...]n I euer had before, in m [...]king k [...]owne, that it could not be vvithout mee. Besides, Metellus, by intercession of one only Tribune of the people vvas restored; vvhereas I [...] vvas by the Senate, by the Consuls, by all Rome recalled, accompanyed vvith vvhole I [...]aly, at the Conuocation assembled for the chusing of Consuls, and by the vvhole Countrey vvith great concourse of people receiued. Neither haue I aftervvards euer done, nor doe I any thing at this present, vvhich may offend any man, though he vvere the most malicious man in the world, onely I doe vvhat I can, that I may not bee vvanting to my friends, or strangers; either in doing, counselling [...], or taking any p [...]ines I am able for them. This custome of mine, perhaps offendeth him, that lookes after the glorie and appearance of this life; and doth not consider, the cares, and heauie troubles vvith vvhich it is incombred. But because I was wont, to commend [Page] Caesar, they doe herein openly reprehend me, as if I were become a rebell to my ovvne person, and vnto the affection vvhich I haue formerly carried to my countrie. And they consider not, that I am moued hereunto, not onely by the reasons spoken of in the beginning, but also these last, vvhich I began to manifest. O Lentulu [...], you shall not finde that vnion of good men, which you left vs, the which confirmed in our Consulship, and sometime afterwardes interrupted, and destroyed, before you vvere Consull; vvas aftervvards by you intirely restored: and is at this present abandoned of such, as should haue fauour'd it. Which, those chiefe men of ours, doe not onely demonstrate vvith signes externall, from the which they might vvith ease haue absteined, but haue many times in diu [...]rse fashions reuealed it. So that vpon good reason [...]u [...]ry wise Cittizen, (of vvhich [...]u [...]ber I desire to be one, and so to be esteemed) ought vvholly [...]o change as vvell his vvill, as opinion. Because, the same Plato, (whose authority it pleaseth me to follow) would, that a man should take paines in the [...]ommon-wealth, till he can p [...]rswade his Cittizens, to their owne benefit. And he addeth; that i [...] is not conuenient to force [...]ither Father, or Countrey: and he saith, that the occasion of his not medling in [Page] the Common-wealth vvas, that hauing found the people of Athens now at length growne old in madnesse, or folly, he had no hope to be able either with reason or force to correct, or reclaime them, the one being impossible, the other seeming vnto him a thing that was not honest. I had not the like libertie; because I could neither say, that the people of Rome, vvere so mad, as Plato once found that of Athens; and because, I hauing beene now long time conuersant in the Common-wealth, it seemed troublesome vnto me to take my selfe from it. And I thought it a matter of no small consequence, to be able vvithout blame, to hold mine ovvne estate. Beyond all that hath been [...] hitherto spoken, I considered the ra [...]e, or ra [...]her [...]d [...]ne courtesie, that Caesar hath vsed to me, and my bro [...]her: for which, though C [...]sar were lesse fortunate in the successes of war, yet were I obliged to fauour him; so much the rather therefore should I doe it, perceiuing him to be in so expedite a course of a prosperous fortune. And [...]e you well assured, that after your selfe, from whom I acknowledge my wellfare; there is no man, to whom, I should not onely confesse; but be glad [...]o be so much beholding. Hauing made this preamble, it is easie [...]or me to make answere to your demand, concerning Vatinius, and Crassus. And I take great delight, [Page] that you are pleased, that I should keepe good quarter with Caesar, and with Appius. Now to come to Vatinius. First of all Pompeius reconciled me vnto himselfe, as soone as he vvas made Praetor, I hauing with all my power withstood his petition in the Senate, not so much to offend him, as to defend and preferre Cato. After that, Caesar sought me, with intreaties of greatest e [...]ficacie, that I would be his defender. But let me entreat you, not to be further inquisitiue, why I haue commended a man of his condition, then I shall thinke fitting: least I requite you with the like, at your returne; though I can also requite you at this prese [...]t; that you may well remember what you haue written in commendation of any man, euen to the outmost bounds of our dominion. Neither be you therefore grieued, because I also doe now, and will hereafter doe the like. Yet I confesse, that the spur which put me on to de [...]end Vatinius, was that of which I said, while at the bar I defended him: it appeared vnto me, that I did act the Councell, which the Parasite giues to the souldier in the Eun [...]ch.

If it fall out, that shee name Thaedria,

Produce thou straight the name of Pamphila.

If shee say, let vs send for Phaedria,

[Page]To sup with vs; say thou, bid Pamphila,

That with her pleasing note may solace you.

If you shall heare her praise the comelinesse,

Of him: praise her; and to conclude, do [...] thou

Reply, pinch, bite her, with like craftine [...]e.

So I, because some noble men, and my benefactors, did loue mine enemie more then be [...]eemed them, and in my presence oftentimes drew him apart, sometime as if it had beene about earnest busine [...]se, and did at other times familiarly, and pleasantly embrace him: and becaus [...] they had their Publius, I besought the Iudges by speciall fauour, that they would also grant vnto me an other Publius: that I might a little sting them, as they had somewhat pinched me. N [...]ither do [...]h it suffice me to haue said it, but often also, with th'applause of Gods, and men, I make the eff [...]cts appa [...]ant. You haue hitherto vnderstood of Vatinius: now hearken [to what I shall say] about Crassus. We were then become friends, I hauing, (because I would not disturbe the Common-vvealth,) forgiuen all iniuries; wh [...]n it fortuned, that he vndertooke the defence of Gabinius, with no small wonder to euery man, hauing but [Page] a while since strongly oppugned him. I should haue car'd but little, so that he had defended him with modestie, and vvithout venome: but hauing galled me without cause, and with little respect; I was enforced to [...]urne me; and I beginning againe to be inflamed vvith the disdaine of former iniuries, (whose sparkes were not y [...]t extinguished, as I beleeued, but [vvere] onely couered,) suffered my s [...]lfe to be transported into extreame [...]oller. This gaue me great reputation amongst the people; and it much plea [...]ed som [...] kinde of men; I meane such, as I often name, without naming them: w [...]o greatly prais [...]d me, that I vvas so free in speaking; saying, that they began then onely to bel [...]eue, that I was returned into my Countrie that Cicero, which I was wont to be. But of the other side, they said it pleased them, that Crassus vvas mine enemie, [...]nd that his fri [...]nds [...]hould neuer become friends to me. Wher [...]upon I, hau [...]ng vnderstoode by men of authoritie, and credite, of their malice; and Pom [...]ius praying me more then euer to be reconciled to Crassus; and further, Caesar vvriting vnto me, that he vvas ve [...]e sorry for this disagreement: I regarded not onely my troubles, but also mine owne nature: and Crassus, to as [...]ure [...]s it vvere, the people of Rome of our reconciliation, that very day, that hee [Page] parted to goe vnto the gouernment of Syria, desired to sup vvith me in the garden o [...] Crassipes my sonne in law. Wherupon I vndertooke to defend him, as did befit our acquaintance; and vvith his great reputati [...]n [...] de [...]ended him in the Senate. You haue vnderstood vpon what grounds I went, and vvhat businesse I haue defended; and my estate in the gouernment of the Common-vvealth, so farre, as concerneth me. But beleeue faithfull [...], that I had done neither more nor lesse, though I had beene at libertie, and free [...]rom all r [...]spects. Because I should not hold it a wise enterprise to contend ag [...]inst so great povver; nor to thrust at the principalities of such like personages, though it vvere not impossible; nor to perseuer in one opinion; the course of things being altered, and good men hauing changed their minds, excepting onely in religious obedience. Neither shall you euer finde, that wise men, and such as are expert in the affaires of the Common-wealth, praise him, that doth alwayes p [...]oceed, after one and the selfe same order. But, as it is vvisedome, to obey the time, or vvinds in nauigation; although you cannot arriue vnto the port; yet being able, by changing of your course, to arriue thither; it vvere folly to goe forvvard [...]he vvay begun vvith danger, rather then by changing [Page] it, to land at the place desired: euen so, it behoouing vs, as I haue o [...]ten said, to ha [...]e for obiect, our ovvne good, together with that of the Common-wealth [...] we should not alwayes hold, one and the s [...]lfe same way; but alwaies walke to one and the selfe s [...]me end. Wherefore I againe reply, that, if I had mine owne libertie, I would not, for it gouerne me o [...]herwise then I doe at this present. But being bound by good turnes, and by iniuries vrged, I rather lay my foundation in this opinion, so to helpe the common-wealth, that I thereby be not endangered Neither doe I greatly care to manifest my selfe for such in euery occasion: first, because my brother Quintus, is Caesars Ambassadour: next, because I haue neuer done any office for Caesar [...] no, not of the least condition, for which hee hath not manifestly made demonstration, to be exceedingly bound vnto me. And I obtaine of him, all those great fauours, that may bee desired from a man of his qualitie. Whence it proceeds, that the malice of others cannot hurt me: by the which I should haue beene shrewdlie foyled, if I had not made me a buckler of those which are the most honoured, and potent Citizens: because my wonted guard was not sufficient to defend me. Me thinke I am certaine, that if you had beene [Page] present, you would not haue counselled me otherwise. I know debates, or conten [...]ions, please you not; I know the temperance, and mildnesse of your nature; I know, tha [...] you intirely loue me, and that you hide within your breast no hur [...]ul [...] or euill thoughts to any man; I know you haue a great, and a generous spirit; not hid vnder any vaile of dissimulation, but plaine, and full of sinceritie. I haue [...]ene in your friends the same deceit, that you might see in mine. It is therefore credible, that the same reasons should moue you also by which [...] was moued. But alwaies when I shall enioy you, you shall be the man that shall aduise me in mine affaires; and take charge of mine honour, as you tooke charge of my safetie: and I in your actions, opinions, and pleasure, and finally in euery thing doe promise to help [...] you, and be your associate; Neither will I while I liue thinke of any other thing, then that you may finde euery day greater content then other, in hauing fauour'd me. Whereas you pray me, if I haue written any thing since your departure, that I would send it you: I haue written certaine Orations, which I will giue to Menocritus: but bee not afra [...]d; for they are so few, that they will no [...] proue tedious vnto you. And because I doe not alwai [...]s attend vnto Orations, [Page] but some times turne me to more pleasing studies, which, as they did in the daies of my youth; so they doe now much delight mee: I haue written, or I haue endeau [...]ured to write, a disputation after the manner of Aristotle, or a Dialogue of the Orator; which matter I haue deuided into three Bookes; and I am halfe of opinion, that they may bee helpfull vnto your Lentulus: because they are different from the common precepts, and embrace the whole art of Oratorie, which was written in times past by Aristotle, and Isocrates. Moreouer, I haue written in verse three bookes of my owne troubles, and calamities; and if I had thought good to haue devulged them, I had not deferred so long to send you them; because they are, and shall be perpetuall testimonies of your fauours towards me, and of my thankfulnesse and affection towards you. But I haue not sent them, for feare: not of those, which would hold themselues offended, (because of them I haue written both little, and sleightly,) but of my benefactors, who being in number infinite, it was impossible I should of euery one make mention. Yet I will send you them howsoeuer; if I finde conu [...]niencie of a messenger. And, because you haue alwaies exceedingly loued learning; I now giue you all the [Page] fruits, which shall grow of those studies, in which I haue beene euer most delightfully exercised; and to you I dedicate and consecrate the future births of mine vnderstanding. It was not needfull to remember me, nor to recommend vnto me your affaires: because they are so ne [...]re vnto me, that I would not be put in minde of them: and I cannot be praied [to doe any thing] about them without extreame griefe vnto me. Touching that you write me, that you could not this sommer furnish the want of my brother Quintus, because, being hindered by sicknes you went not into Cilicia: be [...] sure, that hauing made him to haue thi [...] possession, he will thinke, and haue an especiall occasion to thinke, that yo [...] haue entirely accomplished his businesse. I beseech you write often vnto me, giuing mee familiar aduertisemen [...] of your affaires; and signifying alwaies vnto me, how our Lentulu [...] proceedeth in his studies; & how he doth exercis [...] himselfe therein. And be well assured [...] that no man euer loued another ma [...] so well, as I loue you, and I wil [...] striue to make such signes appeare, tha [...] not only you, but all men liuing shal [...] perceiue it; yea, and our posteritie. Appius hath first reported in many places, and lastly hath spoken it openl [...] in the Senate, that, if the law Curias [...] [...]e [Page] produced, he will take that prouince; that fortune shall allot him: the law being not produced; he will deale so with his Colleague, that hee shall be contented to let him come in your place; and that, though it bee a custome, that the Consull should go with the authority giuen him by the people; it followes not therefore, that hee may not doe otherwise: and, that it is sufficient, for him to goe with that, which the Senate hath giuen him by way of the lavv Cornelia; and vvould serue himselfe of it, till his returne to Rome I know not what your friends write vnto you concerning this; I know wel, that there are diuerse opinions; one, that hauing no successor from the people, you may choose whether you will depart or not: another, that if y [...]u depart, you may leaue one in your place. I know not so well the law in this point; (though it bee a matter of no great difficultie to know it) as I know that it is expedient for you without any delay to resigne your prouince to your successor; If it were for nothing else, but to shew an act of magnanimity, and befitting that courtesie, which I know delights you: Especially considering that you can without suspect of your owne ambition, oppose his. I hold it my part, to tell you what I thinke; and to defend what you do [...] [Page] After I had written these, I receiued yours, about the customers of your prouince. Who cannot in reason complaine of you, touching Iustice: but considering that you haue alwaies been their furtherance, I would you had now also beene as warie as you could neither to endamage, nor offend them. For if you had but vsed them in a little more gentle manner, they would haue beene contented. I will not now bee slacke in defending what you haue decreed: but you know what manner of men these customers are: and you know, with what furie they were enraged against Quintus Scaeuola. Howsoeuer, I would counsell you, that aft [...] the best manner you may, you wil [...] seeke to appease, and reconcile them [...] And though it be a thing full of difficultie, yet by your wisedome it ma [...] with facilitie be effected. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Valerius Doctor of Law. Ep. 10.

FOR I haue no reason but to giu [...] you this [...]le, especially, seeing ar [...]dacitie may bee now a daies vsed i [...] place of wisdome; I haue written t [...] our Len [...]ulus, thanking him very dil [...] gently on your behalfe; but now [Page] would no longer haue you vse our Letters; but that your selfe should come at length to visit vs: with an intention to liue in such places, where other Doctors, and your equalls are; rather then to abide there, where you only may seeme wise amongst the ignorant. Though such as come now from thence tell vs, that you are sometimes so proud, that you disdaine to answer; sometimes so outrag [...]ous, th [...]t you answer iniuriously. But now at last I desire your selfe to be mery with. Come speedilie therefore and goe not into your Apulia, that wee may reioyce at your comming home in health: for, if you goe thither, I am in great doubt, that, like Vlisses, you will not be able to call to minde any of your [poore] allyance. Fa [...]ewell.

THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Caius Curio. Epist. 1.

THough I am sorrie you s [...]ould sup [...]ose, me to be negligent in writing: yet it grieues mee not so much to bee accused of negligence, as it is pleasing vnto me, that you inuite me to put pen to paper: for in the one I am altogether blamelesse, and in the other you [Page] shew me that affection, which though I haue formerly perceiued, yet in the acknowledgement thereof I receiue much contentment. I haue euer written, when I had oportunitie of sending: and who, in this kinde is more officious then my selfe? But from you I can sweare, that I haue not receiued aboue two, or three letters at the most; and very short ones. Wherefore, if you, as a strict Iudge, looke too narrowly to the matter, I will bee euen with you in the same errour: if you bee vnwilling, that I should vse you thus; you were best to iudge discreetly. But let this much suffice about letters: for I shall finde out meanes enough to giue you satisfaction herein, If I shall know how to please you concerning them. Your absence troubles, and contents me. It troubles mee; because it h [...]th depriued me of the fruits of your most pleasing conuersation: It contents me; because all things are fallen out to your glorie, and comme [...]dation: And seeing your [...]ortune in all things comforts mee: I cannot choose, but giue you, out o [...] mine affection towards you, one brie [...]e remembrance. There is so great an expectation of your valour, and vnderstanding; that I haue the boldnesse to intreate you, as much as may bee, to returne so disposed, that you may be able to gouerne, and maintaine it. And because [Page] it is impossible, that I should euer [...]orget your deserts: I would that you also should call to minde, that, if, when you were little, you had not obeyed my most [...]aithfull and louing aduertisements, it had beene impossible [...]or you to haue obt [...]ined those profits, and honours, which our country will bestow vpon you. In reward whereof, you ought to be content, that I now at length wearie with age; by resting my selfe vpon your loue, and youth; may giue some repose vnto my latter daies. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 2.

THE death of your renowned Father, hath depriu'd me of a testimonie of great authoritie; informed sufficiently of my great loue vnto yo [...] And, had the heauens so [...]auoured him, that before hee dyed, hee might haue seen [...] you, hee had beene the happiest man in the world; aswell for the memory of his owne vertue, which will liue for euer; as because he hath left behinde him, a sonne of such condition. But I will not beleeue, that our friendship shall haue need of testimonies. God keepe you, and increase your patrimonie. And be assured I will hold you as [Page] deare, and beare you the same affection, that was borne you by your owne Father. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 3.

IT is not Rupa's fault, that the sports are not published, which you would celebrate in honour of your father: but we haue councelled him, that it is better to expect your returne; to the end, that the b [...]si [...]esse may rest in your arbitriment. And about this matter, either I will write hereafter at large, what my opinion is; or els, least you should thinke thereon, I will take you at vnawares, and face to face against that reason which moueth you I will dispute: that I may either draw you to that which I thinke fitting; or at least, I may leaue a memory of mine opinion to your consideration: that, if at any time (which I would not) you shall repe [...]t you of your owne counsell, you may call mine to your remembrance. But I can tell you, that your returne mee [...]es with such times, as, by those benefits, which nature, industrie, and Fortune haue giuen you; you may more [...]asilie obtaine the highest dignities of the Common-wealth; then by pleasing the p [...]ople with the vanitie of such like [Page] spectacles, which are not esteemed; because they are signes of riches: and not valour; and there is no man, that nowadayes is not therewith glutted, till his eyes are wearie againe. But I doe otherwise then I did at first make shew of. I said I would not write you mine opinion; yet I am entred vpon the particulars thereof. Wherefore I'le put off all this discourse till your returne. I giue you to vndersta [...]d, that great matters are expected from you; and such as should proceede from one that is exceeding rare for valour, and vnderstanding: For which you being, as you ought to be, and as I hope, prepared: We, that are your friends, and all the Cittizens, and the Common-wealth, shall be more bound vnto you for this, then for all the sports or shewes you can giue vs. Assure your selfe, that to mee no man is more deare then you, or more acceptable. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 4.

YOu know, there are diuers sorts of letters in vse [...] but the chiefest is that by which the cōueniencie was brought vs of writing, to giue notice vnto our friends, far off, about n [...]edfull matters, to vs, or them appertaining. Letters of [Page] this kinde I assure me, that you expect not from me. For, of your priuate occasions, you haue them that gi [...]es you notice, and those that brings you newes thereof: and in my [affaires] there is no new thing happened. There are yet found two o [...]her kinds of letters, which much please me: one familiar, and conceited: the other s [...]uere, and weightie. Of [...]hese, I k [...]ow not, which is least to my purpose. Should I be m [...]r [...]y with you? truely I doe not thinke, there is a Cittizen, that hath in these times any [...]ill to laugh. And in graue matters, Cicero canno [...] write to Curi [...]; except hee d [...]scourse of the Common-wealth, of which it is not safe at this time to speake what he thinkes. Wherefore not hauing other occasion to write, I will end after my wonted manner, and I will on [...]ou [...]age you to pretend [...]he height of glory. Because it is necessary you should encounter that expectation, which hath so much oblieged you to people; and against this potent enemy, to fight manfully. W [...]ch you shall easily ouer [...]ome, b [...]ing of opinion, that, if you will arriue vnto that height, which you desire, it is necessarie you should employ your selfe about those vertues, by which men get immortall honour. I would to this purpose write more at large if I did not faithfully beleeue, that without my words you were sufficien [...]ly inflamed: [Page] neither touched I this point to enflame you, but to manifest the affection, that I beare vnto you. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Curio. Ep. 5.

COnsider how the case stands with vs, when I dare not so much as write vnto you thereof. And although you are, wheresoeuer, (as I haue heretofore written,) in the selfe same danger: yet I am glad, that you are not at Rome: Be it either because you perceiue not that, which we see; or because your commendation is in a most eminent, and noble situation, in the view of many of our friends, & Cittizens: brought hither not by any obscure, or various relation, but notable, and immutable. Now know I not, wh [...]ther I ought to [...]eioyce, or fe [...]re, tha [...] there is an admirable expectatiō raised of your r [...]tu [...]ne: not because I doubt, that your vertue is not answerable vnto mens opinions; but indeed, because I feare you will find no employment for it, when you are returned; all laudable customes of our Countrey are now at length so impayred, and almost extinguished. But because I know not, whether this also, which I write, be written with securitie, I will leaue the remainder to be signified [Page] vnto you by others. Yet, you eith [...]r hauing, or not hauing any hope of the Common-wealth, doe for your part whatsoeuer befitteth a valorous Ci [...]tizen, and such an one as may hereafter restore the auncient libertie, and accustomed dignitie, to your countrey afflicted, and oppressed with t [...]e miseries of the times, and wicked behauiour. Farewell.

Cicero to Curio. Ep. 6.

THere is yet no newes; of your approching Italy. Neuerthelesse, because it's thought it will not bee long ere you come. And being knowne for certaine, that you are already parted frō Asia, & are on your way to Rome; the great importance of the businesse hath forced mee, without any delay, to send this present messenger; which is Sex [...]us Villius, a familiar friend of my Mil [...]; I being exceeding de [...]irous, that this my letter may come vnto your hands with all expedition. If it were true, Curio, that you had such obligations to me, as you publikely speake of, which I hold nothing; I would with more respect seeke after you, when I should haue occasion to aske any thing of you. Because a modest man shunneth, as much as is [Page] possible, to entreat a fauour from him, to whom he thinkes hee hath done any kindnesse; lest that, in place of a request, hee should seeme to receiue as a dutie, that which hee demandeth; and to take it rather for payment, then a benefit. But being more manifest then the light, that I am exceedingly obliged vnto you, through the nouelty of my miseries, and calamities: and conside [...]ing that it becommeth a gentle spirit, to accept willingly of a good turne from one, of whom other benefits haue been formerly receiued; I haue beene bold to request that of you by this letter, which aboue all oth [...]r things doth most import me. Because I neuer doubted that I should not be able to sway the waight of your good [...]urnes, though they were infinite; especially, considering that I am not of so weake, or poore a spirit, that I cannot assure my selfe abilitie, to bee capable of euery fauour, how great soeuer, and to remunerate the same, and [...]o exceed it. I haue deliberated with my selfe, to recollect what fauours I am able, to vnite all my forces, and all my thoughts, to draw Mil [...] vnto the dignitie of Consull: not so much to be esteemed courteous and louing, in the occasion of such a friend, as to shew my selfe grat [...]full, and ready to make acknowledgement, to one that hath beene so much my Benefactour. For I [Page] beleeue not, that euer any man liuing, had so great care of his owne health and substance, as I haue of his honour, which I esteeme equall with my life. And I am most assured, that if you will fauour him, [...]urther meanes will not be requisite. For we haue already all these things; the stay of those that are honest, which are affectionated to him, by reason th [...]t he being Tribune, laboured on my behalfe; the fauour of the people, [...]or the magnificence of the shewes, and because they know him of a f [...]ee disposition; the attendance of the young men, and those [...]h [...]t are beloued of the people, because they see him al [...]o beloued, and know how diligent hee is in the like occasions. And there is l [...]st of all the fauour, which I afford him: which, though of it selfe it bee not of that quality, that it can doe much, yet, because it is knowne to be iust, and due, and full of gratefull affection, peraduenture for this cause, if not [...]or any thing else, it will produce some fruit. We want st [...]ll a head, and one th [...]t m [...]y as it were, moderate these windes, and gou [...]rne th [...]m: whom if wee should choose out of many, we should not find a b [...]t [...]r [...]h [...]n your selfe. Wherefore, if you haue an opinion, that I am a thankfull, and honest man; as you may beleeue, seeing me take th [...]t paines th [...]t I doe, [...]or Milo; and to bee s [...]ort, if you [Page] hold mee worhty of your fauours; let me entreat you to grant this my desire, of your bestowing your fauour vpon this my commendation, or, (to speake better) vpon my welfare. And of the aforesaid Milo I promise you, that if it shall please you to embrace him, you shall not finde a friend more couragious, graue, constant, and beneuolous towards you; besides, my obligation, for the honour, which will redound vnto me by this action, shall bee no whit inferiour to that, which I haue already vnto you, [...]or hauing assisted mee in my returne from banishment. I know you are not ignorant, how much I am obliged to Milo, and consequently, how much I ought to helpe him in this his demand; I meane, not onely when it were need [...]ull to contend ciuilly, but to [...]ight with weapons. Therefore I will say no more. I recommend to you this cause, and remit my selfe vnto your loue. And assure you, that for such a courtesie, I shall hold my selfe in a manner more bound vnto you, then I am to Milo himselfe, for hauing restored mee into my Countrey. Because the content was not so great, that I [...]ound of my freedom, which he principally procured; as the sweetnesse shall be, which I shall taste in shewing him that thank [...]ulnesse, which his receiued good turns merited: and so much I esteem of your [Page] fauour, that I doubt not, but by it alone, our suits may fully bee accomplished. Farewell.

Cicero, Vice-Consull; to Caius Curio, Tribune of the people. Ep. 7.

FRi [...]ds were not wont to bee reprehended, though they slowly reioyce at other mens good fortunes, so their sl [...]cknesse proceeded not from negligence. For I liue far off, and newes comes hither but slowly. I reioyce then, that you haue obtained the Tribuneship, and I desire, euen from my heart, that you may purchase therein eternall praise. Further, I ex [...]ort you, that in all things you cleaue to your owne wisdome, and bee not led by the nose, through other mens perswasions. No man can better aduise you, then your selfe. You shall neuer erre, if you sticke to your owne counsels. I write not this without iust cause. I know to whom I write it. I can iudge of your vnderstanding and wisdome. Questionlesse, being directed by your owne iudgement, you will neuer enter into any ignoble, or vnworthy actions: neither will you euer [...]ather any other, then discreet proceedings. And, being in [Page] these hard times of the Common-wealth possessed of your place (not by chance; but by your discretion: not by accident, b [...]t election; and at this time, when the state of publique affaires is in danger) I am certaine, you perceiue, how farre the nature of times, beare sway in the gouernment thereof, what great varietie of affaires there is, how doubt [...]ull their ends are, and how easily the humors of men bend, sometimes this, sometimes that way. Nor make I any question, but you vnderstand, that all negotiations in this world, are carried with colour, and deceit. Open therefore your eyes, [I say] open them [...] a [...]d doe as I haue directed you: follow your owne course, and onely rely on your owne counsels. A man should hardly find one, that can better aduise another, then you: who then should better direct your selfe? Good God, why am I not at Rome? that I might bee an eye-witnesse of your honours, and as it were, enioy a part in them; and bee at hand to aduise and coūsell you [...] Though you haue no such need: yet the sincerity and greatnes of my loue towards you, would so worke, that my faithfull instructions might stand you in some stead. But at another time, I'le write more at large, for within a few dayes, I mean to dispatch priuate messengers, [Page] to informe suddenly the Senate, briefly of the victories, wee obtained ouer our enemies, all the last summer. By your free-man Thraso, I wrote vnto you, how diligent I was about your Priesthood, and the difficulties I met withall. Deere Curio, by the vnfained loue wee beare one another, I entreat you, that you will suffer mee to spend no longer time, in the gouernment of this Prouince, of which I now grow exceeding weary. I spake vnto you hereof, at Rome, no wayes supposing, you should this yeere haue beene Tribune. And the same suit I often renewed by letters: but, then I sought your fauour, as a noble Senator, and a young Gentle-man generally beloued. Now I importune it, as from a Tribune of the people, nay, as from Curio the Tribune. I pray therfore be pleas'd, to vse all meanes, not of comming to new consultation, which ordinarily is the more [...]edious course, but rather to preuent the same: by requesting, that I may be tyed to those conditions enioyned me, when I tooke vpon me this gouernment; which are extant in the Senates decree, and by the Lawes prescribed. Let mee by all meanes craue thus much of you. Farewell.

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Cicero Vice-consull, to M [...]rcus Coelius. Ep. 8.

THis is not that which I expected from you: It may be you thought, I requi [...]ed you to write vnto me of fensing encount [...]rs, the issues of suites, or of the thefts of Chr [...]stus: but I meant no such matter: for these are things, that when I was in Rome, no man would presume to acquaint me with. What look't I for then? obserue, in what nature I esteeme you, (and not without cause, for in all my dayes, certainely I haue not knowne a more vnderstanding man then your selfe in Common-wealth causes) not that I care so much to haue such triuiall matters imparted to me, nay, nor will I that you should certifie me of matters, of farre higher consequence, daily discussed of in the Commonwealth, except they concerned my selfe: for, other ma [...]ters come diue [...]se wayes to mine [...]ares, and fame it selfe will relate them to me. I expect not therefore from you, either things past, or present, but r [...]ther those future, and to come, as from a man that is cleare, and farre sighted, that beholding a draught of the Common wealths modell in your letters, I may conceiue what the whole structure will be. But I [Page] excuse you for not hauing sent me it [...]itherto, because nothing hath fallen out, that any of vs might not forsee as wel as you; you might rather haue foreseene, then any of vs, and especially my selfe, who was sundry daies in Pompeies companie, and euer in discourses of the Common-wealth, which neither can nor ought to be exprest in writing. Let me onely tell you, that Pompeius is a famous, and faithfull Cittizen, and hee wants neither courage, nor prudence, to constitute those ordinances for the preseruation of the Common-wealth, which are fit and expedient: And therfore I would wish you, to offer him your loue: do but obserue how cheerefully he accepts of it. For now at length he holds that those are good, and those bad Cittizens, that we were wont to hold so. I stayed in Athens ten whole dayes, where our good friend Gallus Caninius kept me alwayes companie. Vpon this present, being the sixt of Iulie, I am to depart. I commend all my businesses, to your speciall care, but aboue all my desire is, that things may so be wrought, that this office of mine may not be proroged. How you should carrie your selfe herein, I know you need not my direction; I will remit my selfe vnto your wisedome. Farewell.

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Cicero Vice consull to Marcus Coelius Rufus, chosen AEDILE Curule. Epist. 9.

I Am very glad, both for mine owne, and for your sake; of the dignitie lately conferred on you, and for that which you attend hereafter. And, though I doe this office slackly, it is not out of negligence, but because I heare not how matters passe at Rome, the iourney being long, and the wayes encombred with theeues, which cuts off the expedition of newes. I am glad then, not onely for your present honor, but for those also, that are expected to succeed the same. And besides my contentment, I finde my selfe deepely bound vnto you: neither can I deuise words to expresse my thankes, because you are come to it by such a meanes, that you haue giuen vs a subiect of that condition, that will euer minister vnto vs matter of laughter. So soone as I heard of it, I set before my imagination the person of that man; (you know whom I meane) and I represented vnto my thoughts, those his youths, of whom he so vainely gloried. I am scarce able to speak for laughing But, contemplating, [...]ou [Page] absent, me thought I spake thus vnto you. I regard not how great a matter you haue compassed; nor what offence you haue committed. And in that the businesse had better issue then I expected. That saying came to my minde. I am told that, that is impossible. But presently I became full of all ioy. For which being rebuked, as if I had beene halfe ou [...] of my wits, I excused my selfe thus:

Accuse me not good friends, great pleasure landing:

Obscures my reason and mine vnderstanding.

What should I say more? while I scoffe at him, I seeme as verie a [...]oole as himselfe. Heere I'le make a stop. Another time, when I haue more leisure, I will write more copiously vnto you, both of this and many other things that concerne you. Rufus, I must needes loue you, because Fortune hath made you a friend, to augment my honour; and curbe, not onely mine enemies; but euen such also as enuie me: that those may bee sorry for their bad and dishonest parts; and these for their apparant follies. Farewell.

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Cicero Imp [...]rator, to Marcus Coelius Rufus Elected Aedile Curule. Ep. 10.

I Cannot bee perswaded, that you wrote not to mee since your being made, Aedile, especially being elected with such disgrace to the honest man you wo [...] of, and so much ioy of your [...]riends. But howsoeuer, since this happie Crea [...]ion, that so reioyced my heart, I neuer heard one word from you: which makes me [...]eare least my letters should miscarry as wel as yours, and be intercepted by the way. I assure you, I neuer wrote to mine owne house but you had a letter: neither could I doe otherwi [...]e, the wo [...]ld not affording me a dearer, or greater friend [...]hen your selfe. Be care [...]ull t [...]erefore by whom you send me letters. Behold Coelius how it fall [...] out according to [...]our owne desire: I shall gaine a Tri [...]mphant crowne without [...]oyning [...]attaile with the Parthians; of whom [...]ou doubted, knowing [...]hat my power was but weake, to encounter so strong [...]n enemie. Conceiue therefore; that when I heard of the Part [...]ians approch [...]nd remembred how w [...]ake I was in [...]ouldiers; I re [...]ired to places of ad [...]antage; and so came to Amanus trusting [Page] to the strength of that situation. I had in mine Armie, a companie of very good outlandish men. The mountanous people, who neuer knew me oth [...]rwise then by Fam [...], came flocking in to see mee. For in this countrie I manie times ouer-heare these words; Is this that Cicero which deliuered Rome from the Treason, of those cons [...]irators: to whom the Senate, &c. When I ar [...]iued at Amanus, which is a mountain that seperates mine, from B [...] bulu [...] his prouince, by a [...]orrent; C [...]sius, to my singular contentmēt, had fought so victoriously, that he had driuen the enemie from the siege of Anti [...]chia [...] Bibulus had taken vpon him the Gouernement of his Prouince; and I, with all my forces pursued certaine rebells of Amanus, who had [...]uer been [...] enemies vnto vs. Many of them wer [...] slaine, many were by vs taken: the r [...]i [...]fled some into one, some into another quarter. A few strong places there were, which we suddainely surprising, to [...]ke, and set one fier. And this victorie w [...]s of that import, as I deserued to be [...]n [...]tituled, by the Armie, IMPERATOR, according to the mann [...]r [...] And this honour I receiued before Issus, where Clitarchus told you, that Dariu [...] was vanquished by Alexander. Th [...] p [...]rformed, I marched along with mi [...] Armie, to certaine fortifications, which [Page] dai [...]ie [...]orraged all Cilicia: and now I am b [...]fore an exceeding strong towne, called P [...]ndenissus, which I haue bel [...]aguerd th [...]se fiue and twentie daies, with argi [...]es, vine [...], or shelters, and turrets: [...]nd were it [a towne] of note, I might hope thereby to win much honour [...] [...]or b [...]leeue me 'tis as difficult, and dangerous an enterprise, as could bee vnder [...]ak [...]n: If I take it in, (as I make no doubt) the Senate shall forthwith be aduer [...]ised therof. These precedent circumstances I thought good to let you know, for your further hopes of that [...]uccesse, which you desire. But to returne to the Parthians, wee haue past ouer this Somm [...]r, with reasonable euent, to our satisfaction; but 'tis very doubtfull what may heereafter ensue. And therefore noble Rufus, vse your best endeauours to procure mee a successor in [...]his charge; or, if this (as you write, and I suppose) be hard to com [...]passe, let not my Com [...]and in any wise be prolonged: for this will readily bee granted Furthermore, I instantly request you, to write vnto me of the state, not onely of present, but future affaires: and vouchsafe heerein to bee ve [...]y vigilant, and care [...]ull. Farewell.

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Cicero Imperator, to Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 11.

WOuld you euer thinke I could want words, and not you [...]s onely so elegant, but euen those vulgar [termes] that ordinarilie passe betwixt vs? yet this want doe I finde: for, in that I am much troubled with the feare of what will be resolued on, about the Prouinces; I am exceeding desiro [...]s [...]o returne to Rome: I can forbeare the sight of my friends no longer: I am incomparablie wearie of my Prouince: ei [...]her because I haue alreadie purchased such fame, that I need not so much labour to augment it, as feare, least Fortune diminish it; or in that thi [...] employment, is not propo [...]tion [...] ble to my forces, which can, and ha [...]e susteyned farre waightier burdens o [...] the Common-weal [...]h; or else in very deed, because an hot warre is lookt [...]or, which may be auoyded, as I suppose, if I be suff [...]red to depart at the time appointed. As for your Panthers, I haue spoken to diuers who t [...]ke them, that they should by all means get me some: but th [...]y light on so few now, as 'tis wonderfull; and they too, as men commonly say, complaine exceedingly, that all th [...]ngs are secure in my prou [...]nce [Page] besides themselues, and therefore they resolued to passe ouer into Cariae. Notwithstanding, they dailie looke for some there, and especially from Patiscus; those that are found shall bee all yours; but yet I tell you not how many. Out of doubt your Aedil [...]ship gaue mee heartie contentment, and this present time renued the memoriall thereof: for I wrote this letter on the Festiuall day of the great Mother of the Gods. I pray send me a particular information, of the whole state of the common-wealth, because I may boldly build vpon the truth of your aduertisements. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 12.

THE great rumors, which, (as I heard) fell out in Rome, on the festiuall dayes of the goddesse Minerua, by reason of speeches made vnto the people; keepe my minde I assure you, in continuall trouble, because I could neuer heare further of it: and yet that which most grieues me is, that among these sturres, if there be any thing worthie of laughter, I cannot make my selfe merrie with you: for I well know, there are many [th [...]ngs] but I dare [Page] not write them. One thing I dislike, that you would neuer vouchsafe to certifie me, what hapned in Rome. Wherfore vpon the receipt of this letter, though the prescribed time of my Government will be out, yet would I bee glad to meet with yours, to bee truely acquainted with the present state of the Common-wealth: to the end, when I ar [...]ue, I may not bee a meere stranger. Your friend Diogenes, a very discreet, and well gou [...]rn'd man, went from me, with Philo in his company, from Pessinus, to go seeke King Deiotarus, though they know well enough, that he is neither rich, nor bountifull. Liue in Rome, ô Rufus, that is, in the eie of the world, Men in other places become base, and obscure; who in Rome through industrie, might quickly grow famous. Hauing eu [...]r knowne thus much, and from my tend [...]r youth beleeued so, I would I had beene constant in this opinion. To tell you true, I esteeme more of a [...]riendly walke, and familiar discourse betweene our selues, then of whatsoeuer honor, or profit may accrew from my Prouince. 'Tis questionlesse, that this gouernment will conferre vpon me, the respect, and commendation of in [...]egritie: and my gaines therein had beene as much, had I remained at Rome. Oh, but you will tell mee of a Triumph: What more glorious Triumph [Page] is there, then to enioy the presence of those things that are most deere vnto me, from which I haue so long beene absent. But I verily hope to see you [...]hortly. On my way let me meet with letters, worthie your selfe. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Coelius Aedile Curule. Ep. 13.

THough your letters bee rare, (and those peraduenture sometimes not faithfully deliuered me) yet doe they yeeld mee great contentment. What wisdome might I perceiue in your last? how louingly and prudently you aduise me? and though I was resolued to take the same course, that you prescribe me, yet when the opinions of wise men and faithfull friends concur with our owne, wee like our former determination the better. I loue Appius deerely, as I haue many times told you: and hee seem'd no lesse to loue me, presen [...]ly after wee were reconciled. For both being Consull, he gaue mee great respect and honour: and he conuersed with me most louingly; and appeared also to [...]ffect those studies, to which I was addicted. And I for my part, haue omitted no occasion, wh [...]rein I might doe him any [Page] pleasure: of which I desire no other witnesse, then your selfe; for, Phania's testimonie, I thinke, is of no great authoritie. And I loue him the better, because hee professeth so much loue towards you [...] Besides this, you know how deere Pompeius is vnto mee, and that I loue B [...]utus with all my heart. Why should I not [...]raine my selfe to fauour him? Is hee not of a flourishing age, rich, and powerfull? Is h [...]e not gotten to a high degree of honour? Hath he not a rare wit? Doth hee not abound in progeny, kindred & friends? And which is more, is he not my Colleague? Hath he not dedicated his inuention [...] vnto mee? I am transported thus far, to remoue from you that suspition, which our letters imply of my affection towards him. You must needes haue heard something. But be assured, they are deceiued. And though in my Prouinciall managings, I take some different courses from his; whereupon some may suppose, that I doe this rather out of a secret hatred, then through diuersity of opinion, yet did I neuer either say, or doe any thing, with a preiudiciall intention to his honour. And this case excepted, which Dolobella's temerity hath exposed mee vnto, I am ready to become an humble Sutor for him in any d [...]nger One part of your letter, where you write that the Ci [...]y [Page] sleepes, reioyced me much, conceiuing thereby, that, that same friend of ours, was growne cold. But the last words of your hand-writing, peirced my very heart. What? doth Curio defend Caesar? Who, but my selfe, would beleeue it? for, as I liue, I thought so. Oh how I desire to laugh with you. Because I had visited all parts of my Prouince, and made you a relation thereof, and that I had enriched: he Cities, and p [...]rswaded the people to pay the customers, not only the impositions of these present fiue yeeres, but the remainder also of those fiue that are past: and had [...]ound no condition of men, but did thinke well therof; I determined the seu [...]nth of May, to passe into Cilicia: and after I had beene at the Campe, and h [...]d taken speedy order, for whatsoeuer concerned the Army; to take my iourney towards Rome, according as the Senate decreed. I would faine see you in your Aedile-ship. And I thinke euery day a yeere, till I bee in Rome, and amongst my friends; but especially with your selfe. Fa [...]ewell.

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Cicero, Imperator; to Marcus Coelius, Aedile Cur [...]le. Epist. 14.

THere is great familiarity, between me, and Marcus Fabius, a very honest & a learned man: And I loue him heart [...]ly, not so much for his wit and learning, which is great, as for rare modesty I [...]ee in him. I recommend vnto you his cause, with the same care and loue, as if it were mine owne. I know the custome of you great Lawyers; you receiue no Client vnder an Homicide. But in this mans case, no excuse can se [...]ue you. If you wish me well, lay all other businesse apart, when Fabius shall need your helpe I am very desirous to vnderstand, how matters goe at Rome: and aboue the rest, I would know how you dispose of your selfe, it being long since I heard any newes at all: but this hard winter is the cause thereof. Farewell.

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Cicero, Imperator; to Marcus Coelius, Aedile Curule. Epist. 15.

I Could haue wished no greater prudence, or expedition, then you and Curio vsed, in obtaining my suites [...] which giues mee speciall satisfaction; both for their speedy prosecution, and also in that our Competitor, who was angrie with vs, hath approued in the Senate of those high praises, wherewith C [...]to honoured me, in relating my actions. Now prouide your selfe to procure me the Tri [...]mph also: for I hope to obtain it. I am glad [...]ou haue a good opinion of Dolobella, and withall, that you loue him. Whereas you say, my Tullia's discretion must bee the best meanes, to correct some of his defects, I know you speake this, for that which you once wro [...]e vnto mee about him: what [...]ould you say now, if you saw, what I then wrote to Appius: But what should we doe? Thus goes the world. God send mee good of this affinity, and that Dolob [...]lla may proue as good a [...]o [...] in law, as we desire, and as I hope he will proue, the rather for the good instructions you may giue him, out of your accustomed good conditions, and nature. N [...]w, I am wonderfully perplexed [Page] about the Common-wealth. I am a friend to Curio; I affect Caesars honour: I could spend my life for Pompeius: yet I loue the Common-wealth aboue all other [...] Labour not you much in this behalfe, for me thinks I perceiue you are taking care: in that you would bee both a good Citizen, and a good friend. I ha [...]e resign'd ouer the gouernment of my Prouince to Coelius, my Quaestor. To a childe, youl'le say? And I answer, To a Quaestor, and a braue noble youth: And all haue almost don the like; & there was no man, that for his honor and worth, was more worthie of it. Pontinius departed long before. My brother Quintus had refused the charge: And say I had also left it him; euill mindes might haue reported, that this was no leauing of a charge, when hee but surrenders it to a Brother. And they peraduenture would haue added: that the Senates meaning was, the gouernment of Prouinces should be giuen onely to them, that neuer before had the like office: and that my brother held the gouernment of Asia, [...]or three whole yeeres. In a word, I am rid of all care: If I had left my brother there: I should haue fear'd euery blast of winde. Neither did I this out of mine owne braine, but led by the example of such men; who being v [...]ry mightie, yet sought the generall [Page] amity of the Cassij, & Antenij. Though for my part, I stroue not so much, to win this young man; as not to o [...]fend, and make him an enemie; As I should h [...]ue done in giuing this dignity to any other. You ought to app [...]oue of this my course, if for nought els, at least because there is no retiring backward You write very darkly to me, touching Occila, neither finde I any thing in the Records. Your actions are so spread abroad, that your very marriage is knowne beyond mount Taurus. If the E [...]sterly windes stay me not, I hope out of hand to see you. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Marcus Coelius Aedile. Ep. 16.

YOur l [...]tters would haue brough [...] me much griefe, but that as w [...]ll mine owne reason free'd me of all cares; as also, my minde being long time plūged in despaire, is now become so obdurate, that it entertaineth no new sorrow, yet I know not what the contents of my former letters might be, through which you should so censure of things as you write. I complain'd of the present troubles, whereat you also grieued: For I neuer found you so blind in vnde [...]standing, but that [Page] you could see the same, which I discerne. One thing I wonder at, that you who should know me so well, should euer be induc [...]d to thinke, that I am either so inconsiderate, that when I may sa [...]le securely, I will beare out into the m [...]ine: or so inconstant, that in an instant I should shake off the fauour of so mightie a man, which I haue with so long t [...]auaile obtained: and be an enemie to my selfe, by my personall assistance in a ciuill warre, which from the beginning, and alwai [...]s I haue shunned [...] what is then this my pensiue resolu [...]ion? peraduenture to retire me into some solitarie place, for you may be sure [...] that not onely my mind, to which yours once was answerable, but also mine eies cannot endu [...]e to behold the i [...]solencies of some vnwo [...]thy persons. Whereunto is to be added this troublesome pompe of my Lictors, and this imperiall title, which hath b [...]ene imposed on me. For if this were not, my burden would be faire more tollerable. I could be content, to withdraw my selfe, into any obscure, or s [...]litary place within Italy; but this my dignitie, lai [...]s me open, no [...] to th [...] eyes onely, but to t [...]e tongues also of such as are maleuolent: and yet I neuer determine to leaue Italy withou [...] your pr [...]uit [...]e. But least I should be t [...]oublesome to my friends, I am cons [...]rained to liue at these little [Page] Farmes I haue vpon the Sea coast. And vpon this, diuers suspect, that I mind to passe the Seas, which peraduenture would stand with my liking, if I thought to arriue in some peaceable part. For it besitteth not me to goe to warre, principally against one, to whom I haue alwayes shewed my selfe a friend: and in his assistance, to whom I can neuer be thankefull enough. And you cannot but carry in mind, what I once so freely told you, when you met me at Cumanum. Remember you not then, how far I was from abandoning Rome? And when some speech grew of leauing it, did I not protest vnto you, that I w [...]uld rather stand to all chances, then fo [...]sake Italy, to enter into a ciuill warre? Hath any thing since fallen out to make mee alter my minde? rather all accidents haue concurred, to maintaine my former resolution. I sweare vnto you, and I suppose you doe bele [...]u [...] me; that amidst these miseries I seeke nothing els, but that men may perceiue, that as I haue alwayes affected peace; so b [...]ing out of hope to effect it, I haue s [...]unned ciuill warre with all my power I hope, I shall neuer repent my s [...]lfe of this my constancie. For if Qui [...]tus H [...]rtensius was wont to boast, that he neuer [...]ssisted in a ciuill w [...]r [...]; [...]uch more should I be commended for the same. For in him it was repu [...]ed but a kinde of cowardize; [Page] And my former proceedings remoue this imputation. Neither am I dismaid at those dangers, which your viscerall loue, propounds vnto me; because there is no kind of disaster, which seemes not to oppresse euery one in these troublesome times: from which questionlesse with mine owne particular preiudice, and [...]uen with those which you exhort me to shunne, I would most willingly haue freed the Common-wealth. To my sonne, whom I am glad you so dearely esteeme, if the Common-wealth stand firme, I shall leaue a rich patrimony, in leauing him the memor [...]all of my name. But if the Common wealth dissolue, no worse can come to his share, then falls [...]o other Cittize [...]s. Whereas you pray me, to be carefull of my sonne in law, a worthie young man, and deare vnto me, you may well coniecture, that I am neerely toucht on his behalfe, considering the [...]ntire loue I beare to him, and my daughter Tullia. And I tell you thus much, that amongst the common miseri [...]s, the small hope I had, was, that he would [...]uoid all those molestations, which his ou [...]r-free disposition made him runne into. Enquire I pray you; while he remain'd in Rome, what dayes were they, how bitter to himselfe, and to me his Father in law how dishonourable? Therefore, I neither attend the [Page] end of the warre in Spaine; which I am certaine will be such, as you write vnto me; nor haue I any other stratagem in my head. If the Cittie euer recouer her former state, vndoubtedly, there shall be also some place for vs: if it shall no [...] recouer, I beleeue that you also will retire to the same so [...]itary places, where you heare we are setled. But I dreame perhaps; and all these things may haue a better issue, then we expect. For I call to mind the feares of those, which were old when I was a young man. Who knowes, whithe [...] I am not come to be of the same disposition, following the common defect of my yeares? God graunt, it proue so: but yet I am sure you haue heard, that there is an imbrodered gowne a weauing for Oppius. And our friend Cur [...]ius will haue one twice dyed: but the Dyer makes him d [...]u [...]ce attendance. I would needs put in this clause, that you might perceiue, that I can still be merrie, though I be a little moued. I desire, you may see that come to passe of Dol [...]bella, which I haue told yo [...]. And make reckoning, that it is your owne case. To conclude, be assured, [...]hat I will do nothing without my friends counsel: but I beseech you, that whereso [...]uer I shall be, you will defend both me, and my children in such sort, as best stands with our amitie, and you [...] owne loyaltie. Farewell.

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Cicero Imperator, to Caninius Salustius Vice-quaestor. Epist. 17.

YOur officer on the xvii. of Iulie, deliuered me your letters at Tarsis: whereunto I will particularly answere, as you seeme to desire. I heare not a word of any Successor in my place, neither doe I thinke, that any man shall succeed. There is nothing to the contrary, why I may not depart, at the [...]ime appointed; especially all feare of the Parthian warre being taken away. And I thinke not to stay in any place, I haue an opinion, that I shall goe as fa [...]re as Rhodes, to see my sonne; and nephew, But I dare not assure you [...]hereof. I would faine be with all spe [...]d in R [...]me, yet I'le proceed in my voy [...]ge according to the intelligence, that I shall receiue from thence. And according as I shall thinke, that it may turne to the benefit of the Common-wealth Your Successor cannot come so soone, that you may meete me in Asia. Whe [...]e you tell me, that Bibulus grau [...]ts you an ample [...]reedome, from rendring an accompt of that you haue receiued; I gr [...]unt you it were good for you that it w [...]re so, bu [...] I am not of opin [...]on, that the law Iulia will tollerate it: which [Page] Bibulu [...] obserues not for some peculiar reasons of his owne [...] but if you approue of my counc [...]ll: I would aduise you to obserue it. In that you write, I should not di [...]furnish Apamea of men; I see that some are of the same opinion, and I am very sorrie, that I haue g [...]u [...]n occas [...]on to malignant spirits to pra [...]tle thereof so vntowardly. Whether the Parthians are return'd or no, besides your selfe, I know no man makes doubt: and because this newes was generally divulged for certaine, I casheered so great a number of choice souldiers; whom, I had placed in the guarisons of the Citties. It was not [...]rue, that I sent you, my Qu [...]sto [...]s accompts; nor, were they yet finished [...] I meane to leaue a cop [...]ie of them in Apamea. Concerning th [...] bootie, that came to my hand [...] in th [...]s war, no man laid hand vpo [...]'t, nor shall touch one farthing thereo [...], [...]xcept the Quaestors of Rome, that is, the people of Rome: I am minded to returne all the common treasure, by the Bankers of Laodicea. From whom I will take securi [...]ie, that it m [...]y be paid in without my daunger: Whereas you mooue me in a matter of [...]e [...] thousand crownes, I can in no sort furnish you: because one part of the treasure, amoun [...]ing of the spo [...]le, is alreadie in the conueyers hands: and mine owne portion the Quaestor hath [Page] receiued. For your d [...]mand, concerning my opinion of the Legions, which by the Senates order, are to come into Syria: at fi [...]st I doubted, whether they should come or no: but now I assure my selfe, that they shall not come, when they shall vnderstand, that there is no daunger of warre in Syria. I see well enough, that Marius, successor to Bibulus will ar [...]iue very late, because order was set downe, that he should bring men along with him. I haue answered one o [...] your letters, now I come to another. You intreat me, that I would write to Bibulus in your behalfe, with all importunitie possible. To which I answere, tha [...] I am readie herei [...] to giue you all con [...]en [...]ment: but yet I haue some cause to complaine of you, that alone, amongst all those which are about Bibulus, you did not aduer [...]ise me of the euill opinion, that he conceiu [...]s of me without cause. For many haue told me, that Antiochia being in great feare, and much hope being repo [...]ed in me and my armie, he should say, that he would rather suffer any extremity, then seeme to haue need of my ayde. And, that you haue concealed this from mee displeaseth me not, vnderstanding what respect a Quaestor should beare [...]o a Praetor. And I heard before, what termes he stood vpon wi [...]h you. Moreouer, when he wrote to Thermus touching [Page] the Parthian warre, I had not so [...]uch as the least word from him concerning it; to whom he knew well, that the d [...]ung [...]r of that warre did appertaine. Neither did he euer w [...]ite vnto m [...], more [...]hen once, to recommend his sonne vnto me when he s [...]ood for the Augureship. Wh [...]reupon I, mo [...]ed by compassion, [...]nd bec [...]use I [...]uer affected his sonne, I would not but answere him very courteously: but if he be of that humor, [...]hat he beares an euill mind to euery man, which I could neuer bel [...]eue, I ought to care [...]he l [...]sse, t [...]ough he loues not me neither. But if he haue any particular hatred to my selfe, my l [...]tters will stand you in small st [...]ad That he ha [...]es me, I manifestly discerne by this, that he hath written to the Senate, how he hath vsed all endeuou [...]s, that the money might be made ou [...]r by exchange, to the peoples aduantage; at [...]ibu [...]ing onely to himselfe that glorie, which was no l [...]sse mine then his owne: saying fu [...]ther, that he was the man, who sent backe the troupes of h [...]rse of Lombardie, to ease the people of such a charge: which was my action, and none of hi [...]. He hath afterwards made me partaker of a businesse, which concernes himsel [...]e onely; affirming that the prouision of prouender for the oullandish horse, was demaunded by vs both. But what more manifest testimonie [Page] o [...] his malignant, and [...]a [...]e nature can be requir'd, [...]hen [...] w [...]it [...]ng to A [...]io [...]arz [...]n [...]s, to whom, the Senate at m [...] [...]q [...]st, had giuen the title o [...] Ki [...]g, he stiled him not K [...]ng, but soone [...]o King A [...]i [...]barzanes It is not good to commend any one, to men of that condition; because in such a ca [...]e they doe worse. But, to doe you [...] pleasure, I haue written to him. Abou [...] the d [...]liuering, or not deliuering i [...], vse your owne discretion. Far [...]well.

Cicero Imperator, to Quintus Thermus Vice praetor. Epist. 18.

I Am very glad, that my endeauours for Rhodon, and other fauours that I haue shewed to your most gratefull selfe, and yours, haue beene acceptable. And perswade your selfe, that daily, more and more, I affect your honour: the which by your iustice, and clemencie, you ha [...]e indeed, alreadie so amplified, that it seemes not, that any thing more can bee added thereunto. But ruminating euery day vpon your occasions, I cannot but like well of my coun [...]ell, that I gaue to Aristo, from th [...] beginning, when hee came to finde me: it seeming vnto me, that you [Page] would draw vpon your selfe too powerfull an enm [...]ie, i [...] this young man, who is po [...]ent and migh [...]i [...], [...]ould receiue such an ini [...]rie f [...]om you. And doubtl [...]ss [...] it might [...]e well t [...]rmed an iniu [...]ie: beca [...]s [...] [...]h [...]re is no [...] any man, whom the [...] o [...] ho [...]or exceedeth hi [...]. And h [...], (le [...] vs [...] aside his nobilitie,) in thi [...] r [...]sp [...]ct, is sup [...]riour to your L [...]gates, (m [...]n certainelie of hon [...]st condition, and h [...]rmlesse p [...]rsons,) in that he is not onely Quaestor, but your owne Quaes [...]or. I vnderstand sufficiently, that no mans il [...] will can preiudice y [...]u: but yet I would not therefore, th [...]t thre [...] Bre [...]hren of a most noble familie, cou [...]agious, and eloquent, should be angrie with you, especially, vpon som [...] ground. Fo [...] I see, that they are all three, like to be Tribunes of the people, one after an other; and who knowes the cond [...]ion of times, which shall succeed in the Common-wealth, I for my part, am of opinion, that there will be troubles. Why therefore, would you expose your selfe, to [...]he displeasure of th [...] Tribunes? especially, wh [...]n, witho [...]t any checke, you may preferre the Quaestor before the Legates: who, if he follow the steps of his predecessors, [...]s I hope and desire; your selfe shall par [...]icipa [...] of his commendation: if otherwis [...], the whole infamie will redowne to himselfe onely. [Page] Going into Cilicia, I thought good to write my opinion vnto you. I pray God, that whatsoeuer you doe, may turne to your owne contentment. But if you'le follow my aduise, you shall auoid these oppositions, and bee carefull of the quietnesse of your posteritie. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Caius Coelius, sonne to Lucius, elected Quaestor. Epist. 19.

WHEN I heard the wished newes, of your being elected my Quaestor, I was in hope, that from thence, so much the greater contentment should redound vnto me, by how much the longer you were like to continue with me in the Prouince: and it was very necessarie, that to the neare tye of amitie, by which fortune hath linked vs, familiar conuersation should also be annexed. Afterwards, because neither your selfe, nor any other wrote vnto me of your comming, I doubted (as still I doe) least I should depart from the Prouince, before you ariued there: I since receiued your letters, written with singular humanitie, which were deliuer'd me, the xxii. of Iune in Cilicia, where I was with the Armie. [Page] And in those, I discouer'd your courteous, and inge [...]uous nature: bu [...] they doe not expresse, neither from whence, nor when they were dated, or at what time I should expect you; neit [...]er could I know it from the bearer, because you told him not. Which circumstances being vncertaine, I determined notwithstanding, to send my S [...]ators, and Lictors, with these pr [...]sent letters: the which if you receiue timelie enough, I should be very glad, that you would out of hand come vnto mee into Cilicia: your cos [...]n Curio (and as you know) my deare friend, and Caiu [...] Virginius your kinsman, and our familiar acquaintance, haue written effectually to me in your recommendation, and questionles, they haue wrought the same effect th [...]y worthilie did merit, but yet your letters were of greater [...]ffect, especially being written, of your new dignitie, which vnto both of vs will giue occasion of a more inward amitie. Fortune could not allot mee a Quaestor, more pleasing vnto mee then your selfe: and therefore I will doe any thing to aduance your honour: [...]hat all men may clearely discerne, that I haue had a du [...] respect both to you [...] owne, and the dignitie o [...] your Ancesto [...]s. But this I may th [...] better eff [...]ct, if you come vnto mee in Cilicia, the which, in my opinion, greatly importeth [Page] both mee, the Common-wealth, and your selfe especially. Farewell.

THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Epist. 1.

I Know your Freeman Phania, to be so discreet, and haue noted him so vigilant, in obseruing what is done in the Common-wealth, th [...]t if her selfe could possiblie informe you of her owne state, I cannot thinke shee could giue you the [...]in, better satisfaction then he can giue you. wherefo [...]e he [Page] can sufficiently enforme you of all things. And it is a good excuse for my breuitie: besides, for some othe [...] respects, it is also more secure. But for my loue to you, though the said Phania can say enough, yet I thinke it not altogether impertinent, that my selfe likewise, assure you thereof. Be therefore most secure, that you are very deare vnto me, both for the estimable parts of your wit, nobilitie, and courtesie; as further, because you write, and because I haue heard it from others, that all the good offices I haue imployed in your behalfe, are acceptable to you. And seeing Fortune, by loosing the knot of our neere familiaritie, hath d [...]priu'd vs for so long a time, of familiar conuersation; I will labour to restore that which I did loose, by now fauouring and assisting you, as farre as I am any waies able [...] wherein I shall esteeme my selfe happie, if I may perceiue, that this my affectionate desire, bee as acceptable to your kindred, as I know it is to your selfe. I neuer knew your Free-man Cilix before he brough [...] me your letters, which were full of loue and courtesie. And he also ha [...]h done me heerein a wonderfull kinden [...]sse, by relating dailie to me, with singular contentment [...] the great loue that you bea [...] me, and which in all your discourses, you demonstrate vnto me. [...]hat need I [Page] say more? In two daies hee is growne domesticall with me, but for all that, it cannot be that I should not be very desirous of Phania's returne, whom when you send backe to Rome, which I suppose will be shortly: I pray: enioy [...]e him to vse me in any thing wherein I am able to do you seruice. I friendly recommend vnto you Lucius Valerius, a Doctor of the Laws, and I recommend him, tho [...]gh hee were not in effect a Doctor: For I will bee more warie in writing to you of him, then hee vseth to be in adui [...]ing others. I wish him marueilous well, hee is one of the most inward, and trustie friends that I haue. Hee acknowledgeth himselfe greatly bound vnto you, but yet he writes that I shall doe him a wonderfu [...]l fauour, by recommending him vnto you; wherein I beseech you, that you will not frustrate his expectation. Farewell.

C [...]cero Vice-Consull, to Appius Pul [...]her Imperator. Epist. 2.

SEeing it hath so fortuned, both against my will, [...]nd beyond expectation, that I must nece [...]sarily repaire to the gouernment of this Prouince. Amongst the multitude of my molestations, [Page] and in my sundry cares and cogitations, I haue found this onely comfort, that none could haue succeeded you, which stands be [...]ter af [...]ected to you then my selfe: neither could I wish to haue receiued my Prouince from any man, more desirous to resigne it me disincombred, and free from all disturbance. And, if you hope also, that I bea [...]e the same affection towards you; vndoubtedly you shall neuer herein be deceiued. Out of our inward loue, and by y [...]ur g [...]eat humanity, I earnestly entreat you, that, wherein soeuer you may (as in many things, it will be in y [...]ur power) you would be [...] very care [...]ull of my affaires. The Senate, as [...]ou perceiue, commits this Prou [...]nce to my charge. If you leaue it me, as little encombred as you can [...] I shall proceed in the course of my office. You know how farre in this yo [...] may assist me. I earnestly intreate you that you will bethinke your selfe of euery thing wherein you may pleasur [...] me. I wo [...]ld vse more words abou [...] this matter, but that I feare I should wrong your courtesie; and offend o [...] an [...]ient friendship, which betweene vs, suffers no superfluous ceremonies: be [...]ides, there needs not many words in a matter that speakes sufficiently for i [...] selfe. I promise you assuredly, that If I vnderstand you haue a regard to m [...] [Page] proceedings, you shall finde therein, ample satisfaction, and contentment. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 3.

WHen I came to Brundusium, the xxii. of May, Quintus Fabius your Lega [...]e, came to seeke me: and by your order told me that which not onely I, whom it concerned, but the whole Senate also call'd to mind; that t [...]is Prouinc [...] requir'd a stronger gu [...]tiso [...]. For almost all were of opinion, that my Legions, and those of Bibulu [...] should be made vp with Italian souldiers. Whereunto Sulpicius the Consull, saying, he would not consent, I much complained thereof; but the Senate so greatly hastned my departure, that I was forced to obey him, as I did Now I desire, you would carry in mind, what I demaunded of you in the letters, whi [...]h I deliuered at Rome to your posts: which was, that whatsoeuer one could effect, for the ease of a domesticall and louing friend, in visiting the Prouince, you would procure with all affection and diligēce, for the inuiolable loue I beare you: that euery one might plainly discerne, [Page] that neither I could euer haue succeeded any man, more deuoted to me then you, nor you resigne the Prouince to any, who lou'd you more dearly then I. By those, which you wrote vnto the Senate, whereof you sent me a copie, I vnderstood, that you had casheer'd a great number of souldiers: but the aboue mentioned Fabius certified me, that you had indeed such a determination, but at his departure, it was not yet effected. If it be so, you shall doe me a singular kindnes, not to weak [...]n so small an armie. And as I suppose, you haue receiued the decrees enacted by the Senate to this purpose. Such is [...]he loue I beare you, that any thing you doe, shall giue me satisfaction: but yet I am confident, you will be readie also [...]o per [...]orme that, which accreweth to my benefit, and commoditie. I expec [...]ed Caius P [...]ntinius my Legate, at Br [...]nd [...]sium, and I thinke he will be there, be [...]ore the first of Iune, as soone as he comes, we will take shipping, with the first opportunitie. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 4.

THe fourth of Iune, being at Brun [...]usium, I receiued your letters, wherein you write, that Lucius Clodius shall [Page] impart something to me in your name. I earnestly looked for him, to heare what he would haue deliuer'd, touching your commission. I hope by many testimonies, you are now sufficiently satisfied, of the affection I beare towards you, and the speciall desire I haue to serue you: and yet you shall be [...]ter vnderstand, when greater occasion shall be giuen to shew it, how deepely your honor, and dignitie is imprinted in my heart. Quintus Fabius Virgilianus, and Caius Flaccus, sonne to Lucius, and Marcus Octauius, sonne to Cneius, haue all three made knowne vnto me, how dearely you value my amitie: which I formerly collected, by many presumptions, especially in that delectable book of Augurations, written so louingly, and dedicated to mee. Whatsoeuer one friend can doe for another, I will not leaue vndone for your sake; not onely because I euer honored you, from the first day you began to loue me: but further, in that I infinitely esteeme two persons, of two seuerall ages, Cnei [...]s Pompeius your daughters father in law, and Marcus Brutus your sonne in law. Moreouer, my selfe hauing beene receiued into the Colledge of the Augures, me thought this degree of honor, especially approued by you, with my great reputation, was as it were a band, to linck vs together, in an indissoluble [Page] societie. But if Clodius speake with me, I shall haue ampler matter wher [...]of to write, and I'le doe what possible I can, to see you out of hand. Whereas you write, that you lingred so long in your Prouince of purpose to meete me, I must needs confesse it gaue me great contentment. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Ep. 5.

I Came to Trallis on the xxvii. of Iuly. There Lucius Lucilius presented me your letters, and related what by word of mouth you did commit vnto him. You could not haue sent me a man that was more my friend, neither as I thinke more wise and discreete, to informe me of such matters, as I desired to vnderstand. I haue read your letters with great satisfaction, and gaue a diligent eare to Lucilius: Now, you being of opinion also, that ceremonies should not passe betwixt vs, (for, you write: though you haue read, with much contentment what so [...]uer by me was mentioned about mutuall kind offices, discharged one to another; yet because I [...]etch't my r [...]lation of them somewhat too farre about; you thought them not altogether so requisite) and because indeed [Page] they are meerely supe [...]fluous, when the amitie is such, as hath beene long tried, and that there is no further doubt of faithfulnesse; I will lay them aside: thanking you onely, as I haue reason, for the louing diligence, you vse, in reforming the state of the Prouince, to facilitate my gouernment of the same. First therefore, I thanke you for so courteous an office, then I engage my faithfull promise vnto you, that with all endeuour and zeale, I will euer labour, that first your selfe, and all your friends, and others a [...]terwards may also perceiue, wh [...]t a friend I am vnto you. And of thus much, whosoeuer he be, that's ignorant, he rather seemes, to be discontented at our friendship, then not to be priuie to it. But certainely, it shall apparently bee knowne. For it shall be made manifest by no obscure, nor ignoble persons; neither in occasions lightly importing: but let the effects [...]ather proue this, then my words. And in that you write, that going the same way I entend, you feare, you shall not see me in the Prouince, I will reueale the whole matter to you. Talking with Phania your Fr [...]e-man in Erundusi [...]n, I remember I said, I would willingly haue entred into the Prouince, on that part that stood best with your liking: to which he [...] plied, that you meant to come by Sea, [Page] and therefore you would be glad, that I were arriued at Sida, a maritime part of the Prouince: I told him I would: and so had done, but that Lucius Clodius aduis'd me in Corcyra no [...] to enter into this encombrance, because at my arriuall, you would be in Laodicea. This was a farre shorter cut, and more commodious; principally in that it gaue you better satisfaction: but afterwards you altered your resolution. Now, you shall vnderstand my disseigne, to the end that you may gather, a [...] you may easily, if there be any way for our meeting. I thinke to be at Laodicea, on the last of Iulie: and there will I continue for certaine dayes, for the receipt of some monies, which I made ouer by way of exchange from Rome. Then will I take my course towards the armie; so that in the middest of September, I make accompt to be at Iconium. But if I mistake my selfe in writing, (for I know not what may happen) whensoeuer I set forwards you shall be aduertised of my iournies from day to day, with all possible expedition, and diligence. I neither dare, nor willingly will impose vpon you any burden, but if it may be with your conueniencie, it greatly imports vs both, that we should meete, before you leaue the Prouince. If any euill hap, preuent this our interuiew, yet notwithstanding in the gouernment [Page] of this Prouince, I will haue no lesse care of your honour, and reputation, then if I had seene you. I will not write vnto you, that you should performe any thing on my behalfe, till I be out of hope, of meeting you. Whereas you write, that you requested Scaeuola, during your absence, to gouerne the Prouince till my arriuall; I saw him in Ephesus, and he kept me company for those three dayes, that I stayed there, but he spake not a word, of your moouing him to any such matter. I would he could, for I cannot be perswaded, that he would not haue serued you. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-Consull, to Appius Pulcher Imperator. Epist. 6.

WHen I compare that which I haue done, with that which hath beene by you per [...]o [...]med, I am far better satisfied in mine owne, then in your proceedings. Although I desire, that in true loue, we may disch [...]rge our selues recip [...]ocally. Phania's fidelitie in all your affaires, b [...]ing well knowne vnto me, and in what esteeme he is with you, in Brundusium I was bold [...]o [Page] aske of him, by what pa [...]t he thought you would haue me make entrance into the Prouince: He answering me, that I could not please you better, then to goe by shipping to Sida. I promis'd to doe so; though I did it with great discommoditie, and little credit. But afterwards meeting in Corcyra, Lucius Clodius, a man so possest of your heart, that talking with him, me thought I spake with your selfe, I said to him, that I meant to take the same course, Phania prescribed me: then he giuing me thankes, for the entire af [...]ection I shewed herein, importun [...]d me, to goe directly to Laodicea; affirming, that you would reside in the edge, or skirt of the Prouince, for your more readie departure: and, but that I was Successor, whom you so much desired to s [...]e, you would haue beene gone before your Successors comming. Which fitly confronted with the letters, that I rec [...]iued in Rome: by which I perceiued what hast you made to depart. I answered Clodius, that I was readie to doe as he counselled me, and farre more willingly, then to performe my promise vnto Phania. So that hereupon changing my determination, I presen [...]ly wrote a letter vnto you, with mine owne hand, which was deliuered timely enough, as your an [...]were thereunto implies. In doing this, I haue, as I suppose, discharg'd [Page] my part, neither could I shew any greater kindnesse. Now with this, compare what you haue done. You did not onely not come thither, where you might with the soonest haue had sight of me. but you remooued into those parts, where I could not possibly arriue, within the terme of those thirty daies, which were assigned you, for your departure, as I suppose, by the law Cornelia. So that it seemed vnto them, who were not acquainted with our mutuall affections, that you seeke to auoid our meeting; and consequently (to say no worse) that you were but a cold friend vnto me: but on the other side, they iudge, me most louing to you. And in deed, before I came into the Prouince I receiued your letters, in which, though you certified me, of your going to Tarsus, neuerthelesse you gaue me assured hope of our meeting. Yet some persons afterwards, and as I beleeue, malicious (for many at this day are possest with that vice) hauing fit matter to talke of, and being no waies acquainted with the stabilitie of my mind, laboured to alienate me from your friendship, alledging vnto me, that you had some interest in Tarsus, that you establish't, and perform'd many things; whereas, you might haue considered, that when I was entred into the Prouince, it belonged not to you, further to gouerne it. [Page] Which neither they were euer wont to doe, that within a short time expected the arriuall of their Successor. But these mens wordes neuer troubled me; rather, being true, I was beholding to you, for you eased me herein, of a part of my burthen; and I reioyced, that whereas the imployment of my gouernment was to continue for a whole yeare, which I thought ouer-long, I was by your means eased, of a moneths labour and trauaile. One thing, (to speake truth) displeaseth me, that, of those few souldiers, which remain'd in the Prouince, there wanted no lesse then three Cohorts, which were more entire then the rest; and, [...]hat I cannot learne how they are disposed of. But aboue all it grieues me, that I cannot certainly vnderstand, where to see you: and I def [...]rd writing, for no other cause, but by reason, I hourely expected your presence. But becau [...]e you wrote nothing to me, I haue sent vnto you, Antonius, Conductor of the new Supplies, a valiant man, and one in whom, I pu [...] great confidence; that, if you thinke good, you may assigne to him the charge of the Infan [...]ery: that I may attempt some enterprise, while the season of the yeare serues. Wherein, both our amitie, and your letters, put me in hope that I should not want, your best directions, neither do I yet despaire of those hopes. [Page] But questionlesse, when, or where I may see you, except you certifie me by writing, I cannot so much as imagine. For that which belongs to me; both good, and bad shall apparently see, that my mind is as friendly addicted to loue you, as possiblie it can be. For yours, you haue giuen ill disposed men some occasion to surmise the contrary; doe but reclaime this errour, and I will hold you most deare vnto me. And because you might consider, or cast where we may meete, without the breach of the Cornelian law; I arriued in my Prouince on the last of Iuly: I goe into Ci [...]icia, by way of Cappad [...]ia. I remooued the Campe from Iconium, the last of August. Now, for the time when you may most fitly meete with me, you may take order at your pleasure, casting vp the dayes iournies, and the way; where it may be effected, and on what day, without any inconuenience to either of vs. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher. Ep. 7.

VVHen I haue more time, I [...]le write more at large; I wrote these in great hast, Brutus seruants being to depart for Rome without any stay; [Page] so as, I had no time to write to any bodie else but to you, and Brutus. The Appian Legates, brought me, I cannot say a letter, but rather an entire volume, full of vniust complaints, because by my letters, I hindred their building. In the same epistle you intreated me, forthwith to giue them licēce to build, before the winter came vpō them: & withal, checking me couertly, you cōplained that I prohibited them, to collect the tribute: before my selfe, made acquainted with the matter, had giuen licence; you affirming that this was but a kind of crossing their courses; in that I could not informe me of this matter before the winter, after my returne out of Cilicia [...] Now, conceiue rightly, whether you haue any cause to complaine of me. Diuers parties came crying out, and saying, They were grieuously exacted vpon, through the paying of intollerable tributes. I wrote, that nothing should be done therein, before I had well examin'd the matter: can any man say this was iniustice? Oh, but you'le tell me I could not be inform'd thereof before the winter: I grant it: but should I goe seeke my informations from them, or they come to me? What you'le say, so farre off? When you wrot vnto me that I should permit them to build before Winter: suppos'd you not that they were to come where I was? though in [Page] deed, they committed an absurditie, worthie of derision. For, they sent me the letters when winter was almost [...]nded, importing a suit, that they might finish their worke in the Sommer that was past: but know, howsoeuer, I am readie to obserue your pleasure; although, they are far more in number, that refuse to pay such tributes, then those, that are therewith contented. Concerning the Appians this may suffice. Pausania, Lentulus free-man, and an officer of mine, tels me, that to him you seem'd offended, that I met you not. Did I this, thinke you, out of any disesteeme of you, and because I am the proudest man in the world? A man of yo [...]rs, came after midnight, and informed me, that you would be at Iconium before daie. When, being two seuerall waies, and not knowing by which you might haue come, I sent Varro, a familiar acquaintance of yours, one way, and Quintus Lepta, chiefe of the ingeniers of mine armie another: enioyning both of them, to come post before, that I might goe out to meere you: Lepta came running and told me, how you were gone beyond the armie: I came presently to Iconium. How the matter went afterwards you know: why should not I come and meete you? First being Appius Claudius, then being Appius Imperator. Moreouer, it being the custome [Page] of our predecessors? and, which is of greater importance, you being my friend? especially, I hauing euer beene, more obseruant in such offices, then euer stood with mine honour and condition. But no more of this. The same Pausanius told me further; how you complained of me in these words: did Appius meete Lentulus, did Lentulus the like to Appius, and would not Cicero vouchsafe, to come and meete Appius? How comes it to passe? that you being a man, in my iudgement, of singular learning, and wisedome, greatly experienced in worldly affaires; and further, endewed with a pleasing affabilitie; which is a vertue, as the Stoicks deseruedly hold opinion; I say, how can it be then, that you should be carried away with these fopperies, supposing that either Appius, or Lentulus for their nobilitie, should be highlier esteemed of me, then the ornaments of vertue? Though I had not past those honours, which in vulgar esteeme, are glorious, yet could not I admire these your names: I rather valued those men highly, which left them vnto you. But after I was with much honour, elected to many offices of gouernments of great qualitie, wherein I bare my selfe so approuedly, that I cou [...]d not wish greater reputation, or glory [then was giuen me]; I neuer reputed my selfe your [Page] superiour; but alwayes your equall. Nor could I see, that euer Cneius Pompeius, whom I prefer before all others, or Publius Lentulus, to whom I giue place, retain'd any other opinion. If you thinke otherwise, it would not be much amisse, (the better to vnderstand what Gentilitie or Nobilitie is) to consider a little, what Athenadorus son to Sandon, writes thereo [...]. But to returne to our first purpose, beleeue most assuredly, that I am not onely your friend, but your most entire affectionate, and in all manner of proofe, I will contend, to possesse you of so much. But if you seeke occasions, that you may seeme not to be, so much obliged to labour aswell for me, as I haue laboured for you, from this time forward I free you of this trouble. I shall questionlesse finde out other Counsellers, or at least Ioue shall be my guide. If also your inclination be such, that you affect to conte [...]; yet shall you not m [...]ke me, doe other then loue you after my vsuall mann [...]r: But you shall doe well [...] if you beleeue it not, for I little care whether you doe or no. I haue written freely to you, of these matters, because my conscience tells me, that I alwaies discharged the office of a friend; and relying on the loue I beare towards you, the which as it was entertained wi [...]h a [...]rme deliberation, so will I [Page] maintaintaine and hold it till you are wearie. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 8.

THough I perceiue so much as your own [...]etters did seeme to intimate, that you are like to bee at Rome b [...]fore you shall receiue these; and that [...]re now the twatling of these malignant people of the prouince, is somewhat cooled; yet you hauing written so copiously to mee touching their sinister relations, I thought it fit, brieflie to answer you. But I will not rip vp a new, the two first heads of your letter, because they comprehend no absolute, nor determinate points; except this, that in the place where matters are scand, and at some feasts, it was obseru'd by many externall signes, that I am not your friend. This, is as much as nothing; and being nothing, neither can I conceiue what these words of yours import; sure I am, that this might truely be spoken vnto you; that both on the seate of Iustice, and in priuate places, I haue many times vttered honorable and worthie reports of you, giuing manifest testimonie, of our familiar, and domesticall Amitie. And [Page] as for the Legates, could I haue wrought more iustlie or equallie, then to ease poore Citties of a burthensome charge, without diminishing a whit of your reputation, especially being with great instance sollicited thereunto by the Cities themselues? For I heard nothing, that these [...]mbassies went to Rome in your Honour. When I was in Apamea, the principalls of diuers Cities came & told me, that the ordina [...]ie charge of Embassies were so great, that the cities were not able to defray them. Then, I cast many things in my minde: First, I could not bee perswaded that you, who are not onely wise, but as the report now goes, a noble minded man, should be delighted in these Embassies: and as I remember once in Synnadis, vpon the publique Tribunall I spake much thereof; alledging in the first place, how Appius Clodius, without further testimonie from the Myndensians (for that City was then mentioned) was knowne by the Senate, and by the people of Ro [...]e: and moreouer, that I had obseru'd at other times, that the Legates that came to praise any man, neuer obtain'd audience of the Senate. And finally I concluded, that their good enclination lik't me wel, because they shewed themselues thankfull to you, who had bene fitt [...]d them; but that I thought this [Page] course no wayes necessarie: and if needes they would demonstrate their good affection, I should haue thought well of it, if some one had done it of his owne charge: And haue granted it; so that the expence had beene reasonable; but not, if exorbitant. You cannot therefore in any reason, take this ill at my hands: except, (as you adde) that mine edict had beene past, vpon purpose, to crosse these legations; as some were of opinion. Now, in my iudgement, they beare not themselues so ill, who doe such bad offices, as they, [...]hat l [...]nd an eare vnto them. While I was yet in Rome I drew the edict; afterwards, I annexed thereunto but one clause, which I tooke out of yours: and this at the importunity of the Tole-masters, who came to Samos to me, for this purpose; and touching the disburthening of the Cities of their charge, I wrote that article with speciall care [...] and I annexed thereunto some new conditions, which gaue me good satisfaction; being so beneficiall to the Cities, as if I had herein restored to them their liues. But this poynt, which occasion'd all the suspition, that I went about to wrong you; is an ordinarie thing, put in practice by others before my selfe. And I could not be so foolish to imagine, that the Embassadours came to Rome for any priuate occasion; [Page] as being sent, not to giue thankes to a priuate man, but vnto you; not for particular interests, but publique; and in an assembly not priuate, but generall to the world, that is, in the open Senate. Neither when I interposed this [...]y command; that no man should depart without my license, did I exclude them, which could not come to me beyond Mount Tauru [...], where I was with the Armie. And that clause in your letters well deserues laughter. For, see [...]ing they might haue spoken to me, as I went betwixt La [...]dicea, and I [...]onium; as the Magistrates and Ambassadours of all those Precincts, and Cities did, Which dwell on this side Taurus; to what purpose was it, that they should come and speake with me in the camp; or that they should passe the Mount Ta [...]rus: except they had not resolued of their Embassies to Rome, before my being beyond Taurus. Which questionlesse is not so. For while I was in Laodicea, Apamea, Synn [...]dis, Philomel [...]m, and Ieonium, in which Cities I stayd, all these Embassies were constituted. And yet you must conceiue thus much, that about the diminu [...]ion, or absolute taking away of the charge, for these Legations, I referred my selfe wholly to their pleasure, that were of highest authoritie in the Ci [...]ies. In that it might iustly be feared, that by reason of vnnecessarie [Page] disbursements, things might haue beene brought to that passe, that it had beene needfull to sell the tributes, and to haue layd an imposition, of so much by the powle, or by the house; which, as you know, would haue beene a very hard matter. And I being ca [...]efull (not onely iustice, but compassion mouing me thereto) to ease the burthened state of those affl [...]cted Cities, and especially oppressed by their owne Magistrates, I could not well be negligent, in the case of so impertinent an expence. When such tales therefore were told you [...] you should not haue beleeued them. But if you take pleasure to lay your owne iealousies vpon others, you bring vp in friendship, a certaine discourse little beseeming a Gentle-man. And if I meant in any thing, to haue blemished your reputation, I would neuer haue beene inquisitiue of [...]our son in law Lentulus, of your free-man in Br [...]ndusi [...]m, nor of the cheefe Engine [...] in Coreyra, whither you would haue me to come. And, i [...] y [...]u followed the prescriptions o [...] the learnedest men, tha [...] haue wri [...]ten exceeding well of amity, you sh [...]uld not haue vs'd these, or the like [...]pee [...]hes. They argued, I o [...]os [...]d: Th [...]y [...]ff [...]rmed, I denyed. Th [...]k [...] [...]ou that I neuer heard any thing t [...]u [...]hing yo [...]? As for example, that whe [...] I was to come to L [...]o [...]i [...]ea, you passed ouer [Page] Mount Taurus. that you gaue entertainment in Tarsus, at the very same time, I gaue mine in Ap [...]mea, Synnadis, and Philomelum. I will adde nothing more, lest I should be thought culpable of the same defect, whereof I accuse you. Thus much I will freely vtter; if these things, which you say, were related to you by others; bee your owne dreames, or fictions; you commit a greeuous errour: but being true, that they were the reports of others, yet, you are greatly too blame, to giue eare vnto them. I will neuer faile in the office of a good freind. And if any man thinke, I haue some subtill reach in my proceedings; whosoeuer he be, I would hee would tell me, what a wonderfull subtilty I should shew in this; that I, when I was in Rome, and your selfe in your Prouince, euer defended your reputation, when I could not so much as dream, I should need your ayd in these occurrents; should now, when you are in Rome, and I in my Prouince, giue you cause, to neglect my credit? But it may bee, you suppose that I haue done you iniury, in my giuing [...]are to certaine persons, that dep [...]au'd, or spake ill of your Legates, or Cape-Ingeniers, or Tribunes of the souldiers: wherein, notwithstanding, I neuer heard, that they touched your reputation; or that they should speake vnworthily of any [Page] other, but the fore-mentioned, of which men, Clodius discoursing with me in Corcyra, complained greatly, and said, that other mens malignitie, had blemisht the integritie of your name. I neuer drew any man to speech of such like matters: but by reason, they a [...]e many that talke thereof, no wayes in my iudgement, wronging therein your honour, I would not be too forward, to put them to silence. If any one hold opinion, that no man can be really reconciled: hee accuseth not vs herein, as men perfidious, but rather manifests his owne treacherie, discouering that to be in himselfe, which he imputes to others: and such an one, hath no better conceipt of you, then of mee: But if the forme of my gouernment distastes any man, thinking it strange, that in the gouernment of this Proui [...]ce, I take some courses different from yours: each of vs obseruing Iustice and equitie, though you one way, and I another; I doe not greatly value such a mans good opinion. You, as a most noble & bountifull Gentle-man, gaue profusely in the Prouince, if I haue proceeded with a more restrained hand, & that the yeere following hath cut off a part of your former bounties; by reason of the hardnes of the times, no man need wonder hereat: [...]or, besides that of mine owne nature, I was [Page] euer sparing of anothers purse, I was much mou'd (as I told you) out of the conditions of the time: and therefore little care, to seeme niggardly to those, that complaine vpon their peculiar interests, so I bee herein good vnto my selfe. Touching the aduertisements you send mee, concerning Romane affaires, I heartily thanke you, and the rather, because you intimate, that you will be carefull of those businesses, that I commended to you; in which, of one aboue the rest, I request you to bee mindefull, that the time of my gouernment be not prolonged; And entreat Hortens [...]us, our Colleague and famili [...]r friend, that if euer he did, or intended to doe me a pleasure, hee will not now perseuer in his opinion of the gouernment for two yeeres: for nothing can more molest, or discontent me. Wheras you would know, in what state I stand: I departed from Tarsus the seuenth of October, and the day following I wrote these, in the Countie of Mopsuhes [...]ia, where I was with the Armie. If I atch [...]ue any thing, you shall bee aduertis'd thereof, and I'le neuer write home, but you shall bee written to. Concerning the Parthians, I take it for a fable. Those Araebians that came into my Prouince, in Parthian habit, are gone away, as it's reported: and there is no feare of any warre in Syria. [Page] I would willingly haue you write often of your affaires, of mine, and of the whole state of the Common-wealth, at which I am much troubled; so much the rather, in that you write our friend Pompeius is to go into Spaine. Farewell.

Ci [...]ero, Imperator; to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 9.

WIth much a doe, I haue at last read a letter, well beseeming Appius Clodius, full of humanity, courtesie, and friendly care. Out of question, the very sight of R [...]me, hath returned you your former sweet proceeding. For when you wrote vnto me on the way, while you were yet in Asia, about the matter of the Legates, whose comming to Rome I prohibited: and when you complain'd, that I hindred the Appian edifications, it gaue mee no small distaste; & mine own conscience witnessing, that I had beene euer constant in louing you, I returned an answer halfe in choller: yet after I read the letters deliuered to Philotimus my Free-man, I perceiued, there were many in the Prouince, which affected our falling out. But after you came to Rome, [Page] or at least, as soone as you had seene your friends, you vnderstood of them my perpetuall loue and affection towards you, manifesting it selfe, vpon all occurrents, while you stay'd in your Prouince: wherefore imagine, how neere my heart those words went, you wrote vnto me [...] If any thing fall out for my aduancement and dignity, though it be vnpossible, yet render me equall kindnesse. This, you may easily doe; for, what is there in this world, which endeauour will not compasse? Neither can any attempt be so difficult, but a true affection may ouercome it. I euer thought, & so my friends write, that you should obtaine a Triumph, but yet I am exceedingly satisfied in the certainty you giue me thereof; and not bec [...]use I hope my selfe as easily to get it; (for this were but an Epicurean part) but in that your honour and dignity is of it selfe most deere vnto me. Seeing therefore, you haue greater conueniencie of messengers, then any other; for none would come hither, without giuing you notice; when my suit hath gotten that successe, which you expect, and I desire, I should bee very glad, to be therof aduertised. If through those long Sessions of the Senate, as our friend Pompeius was wont to terme them, you are delayed a day or two, (for there is no likely-hood it shall bee [Page] longer,) your dignity will no wayes be impeach't by this deferring. But for the loue you beare mee, and for that, that you expect from mee. Vouchsafe to cheere me vp, with this acceptable information, and [...]emember to keep promise with me about the present, which you promised to make mee. For besides, that I am desirous of the Science of Auguration; any gifts of yours infinitely please me, they being an apparant testimony of the loue you beare me. And because you demand some equall remuneration, I must ruminate well vpon it, that I may make you the like requitall: For, if I should not take the paines in this, that vsually I doe in my other compositions, which you are wont to thinke worthy of admiration. You might haue iust cause, to repute me not onely negligent, but vnthankfull. And of these matters enough. Further now, my desire is, that you bring to effect the offer which you made me; my meaning is, that you labor by all means possible, to compasse me my suites; vsing therein your wonted diligence, that the Senate may pleasure mee, and out of hand, with the honourablest demonstrations that may be. You promis'd it me; see you doe not faile: and doe it likewise, for the sake of our ancient am [...]tie. I doubt, I haue ouer-long deferred my writing thereof to the Senate, [Page] and that my letters [...] through difficult passage by sea, came in time of the vacations. But herein I followed your example; and I thinke I did well, in not writing so suddenly after my being called Imperator, but after the end of many enterprizes, brought to passe in all this summer. Be therefore carefull of this, according to your promise; and so in all other occasions, vouchsafe to take my affaires, my selfe, and all mine, into your friendly protection. Farewell.

Cicero, Imperator; to Appius Pulch [...]r. Epist. 10.

VVHen I heard of their presumptuous boldnesse, that molested you, though at the first hearing I was astonished; becaus [...] nothing could haue hapned further beyond my expectation; yet when I more aduisedly considered thereof, I tooke heart at grasse, putting great hope in your selfe, but greatest in your friends. And many reasons perswaded me to think, that this trouble would rather augment, then extenuate your honor. It vext me much, that enuious men had found out a meanes, to depriue you of the glory of your Triumph, which questionlesse [Page] you should haue obtained, conformable to your deserts. Of which losse, if you make the same reckoning, that I euer esteemed should be made; you shall do wisely, & triumph at last in the sorrow of your enemies. For I know you to be so strong in friends, and so prudent, that vndoubtedly it will greatly grieue them, that euer they run into such a leuity. For mine own part, I assure & promise you, calling all the gods to witnesse of my heart, that for your dignitie, (for so I will rather terme i [...], then safetie) in this Prouince, which you gouerned, I will haue more then ordinarie care; entreating for you affectionately; endeauouring my selfe no otherwise then if you were my kinsman; vsing what authoritie, and power one may haue, that is deare, as I hope to be vnto the Cities, and hath the title of Imperator. Command mee, and expect at my hand all [good] offices, for my endeuours shall surmount your imagination. Quintus Seruilius deluer'd me a briefe letter of yours, which notstanding I thought too long; for your int [...]eating me, made me take it for an iniurie. I am sorrie the time is come, wherein you shall haue cause to know, what esteeme I make both of you, and of Pompeius, whom I must regard aboue all others; and what loue I beare to Brutus: Although you should haue [Page] discern'd it by some other way, as no doubt but you shall. But seeing such an occasion is offered, if euer I faile in any thing, let me be reputed a dishonourable, and very bad man. Pontinius whom I know to be much bo [...]nd vnto you, returnes you those offices that hee owes you. Hee was gone to Ephesus, vpon businesse of his owne, of no small importance, but when hee heard of this accident of yours, he presently returned to Laodicea. I knowing that you shall haue a number of such men to fauour you; I make no doubt but this present crosse will redound to your greatnes. But if you obtaine to bee Censor, and discharge the Censorship, as you ought, and can: I plainely discerne, that you will not be a perpetuall and firme defence to your selfe only, but to all your well willers also. Well, labour what you can, that there may be no prorogation of my office; that when we haue procured you all satisfaction from hence; we may also stand you in some steed there, if any thing happen wherein I may pleasure, or [...]urther you. Whereas you write of some fauours shewed you, which my friends also haue wri [...]ten from thence vnto me; it was no newes; but yet it infinitely contented me: not onelie for your owne respect, whose friendship yeelds me much satisfaction, and benefit; but [Page] also because by this I see, there is some esteeme made in our Cittie of valour and worth: which reward I alwaies receiued, in paiment of my trauell and paines. But me thought it verie strange, this young man should bee so rash and headstrong, to incurre your enmitie, without all regard of me; whom with singular endeauour, I defended twice in capitall causes: especiallie you being back't with manie qualities, and assistances, that to himselfe are wanting, for I'le speake no worse of him: and these words that slipt from him like a childe, and a foole as hee was; were first certified me in writing by my friend Marcus Coelius, and of the same, you haue also written to mee at large. Certain [...]l [...]e if I had tooke him for your enemie, I would rather haue sh [...]ken off mine old, then entred into any new ami [...]ie with him. For you shall haue no cause to doubt of my affection, which I haue made manifest to eu [...]rie one, both now heere in my Prouince, and before in Rome: Neuerthelesse because in your letters I obserue some little iealousie of me, I am enforced to iustifie my selfe with you. For now, 'tis no time for me to complaine. But tell me now? when prohibited I any embassie from comming to Rome, in your praise? see you not how I could haue done nothing of lesse preiudice to you then [Page] this, if I had profest open hatred to you? And againe, in case I meant closelie to malice you, I could haue vndertaken no action, would more haue laid me open then this. Were I as persidious, as they that report this of me, I had not beene so palpably foolish, to breake out suddainly with you into so great enmitie; especiallie in a matter, wherein I might well discouer my desire, but that in effect I could no waies offend you. I remember diuers came and told me, that the rated charge of Embassies, farre exceeded the vsuall proportion; whom I did not enioyne to any thing, but onely said, I thought it fit, that the charge thereof, should mount no higher then was determin'd by the law Cornelia: And in this likewise, I referred my selfe to their pleasure; as the accompts of the Citie can testifie: by which it appeares, that the charge was such, as themselues thought good to be at; but, bad men haue striuen to peruert truth with a thousand lies; giuing you to vnderstand, that prouisions were not onely taken from those Embassadors, who were going to Rome, but were redemanded, and caus'd to be restor'd by their Agents, who were alreadie departed, and that this was the cause that many forbare comming to Rome. I could finde in my heart to bee verie [Page] plaine with you, were it not, (as before I told you) that my meaning is, as reason requires; onely to iustifie my selfe, and not accuse you; no waies to aggrauate your minde, which is alreadie sufficiently disturbed. So that I condemne you not for beleeuing these mens words: but 'Ile not spare to set downe some reasons, why you should not haue beleeued them. And certainly, if you repute me an honest man, and for a man worthie of opinion or fame in those Sciences, whereunto [...]rom my childhood I haue beene addicted; if you suppose in mee any generosity of minde: or if you value me of any iudgement in matters of waightie consequence; I cannot perceiue, how it should enter into your minde, that I would practise, (I will not say) any trecherie, any decei [...], or dissimulation in our friendship; bu [...] so much as the least base, or dishonourable part. But if you please to delineate me for an hollow, and double-hearted fellow: what is there more vnlikelie to bee thought of, in a man of such a n [...]ture, then to cast off the loue of a person placed in high dignitie: or to take away his good name, in the Prouince, whose honor blemished by others, I haue at R [...]me defended: or to shew an ill minde, where I haue no pow [...]r to hurt; or to intend trecherie in that place, where it would [Page] be discouer'd to no end nor purpose? And why should I bee so implacable towards you: hauing vnderstood by my brother, that you were not my enemie, when without blame you might haue beene so? And seeing with reciprocall desire, we encline to concord: what fauour required you of me, during my Consu [...]lship, that I deni'd you? when I accompanied you, on your way, to the Prouince; what charge left you with me a [...] Puteoli, wherein, my care, surmoun [...]ed not your expectations? and if it be true, that fallacious, and double hearted men, howsoeuer, haue a regard to their p [...]culiar profits: what in conclusion could bee more beneficiall, and profitable to mee, then ioyning in loue with a noble and honourable person, whose power, accompanied with such wisedome, and valour; whose progenie, and kindred, might be vnto me, a wonderfull ornament, and preualent protection? Neither sought I your friendship, with any particular end, or aime; but because these your parts, and endowments, I esteemed them, and loued them, for their owne sake. Moreouer, how value I those bands, thinke you, by which I reioyce, to see we are linked or ioyn'd together? The likenesse, or identitie of studies; the swee [...]nes of mutuall conuersation, li [...]e, and discours [...]; and [Page] that litterature that is not of many possessed? These things I passe ouer, as being better knowne to our selues, then others. What shall I say of those things, which are well knowne to the people? The peace, and agreement wee made; in which, being so generally noted, the leaft halting in the world, would haue rais'd suspition of trecherie: The colledge of Angures, in which amongst our predecessors, it was not onely vnlawfull, to violate amitie, but further, no man could bee aduanced to th [...]t dignitie, who professed hatred to any one of the Colledge. But to leaue matters so waightie and important: where finde you, that any man held, could hold, or ought to hold another in that reuerence, as I hold Cneius Pompeius, your daug [...]ters Father in law. For if deserts be of any worth, I make account that he hath restored to mee my Countrie, my Children, my safetie, my Dignitie, and briefel [...]e, euen mine own selfe: If sweetnesse of conuersation: who can rem [...]mber in our Cittie, any friendship more inward then ours? and if signes of loue and courtesie deserue any thing; what proiect, would hee not co [...]mit [...]o me? what secret would hee no [...] communicate? when hee was remote from Rome, whom did hee vse but my sel [...]e? what t [...]arms of honour hat [...] h [...] not grac'd mee with? and in [Page] conclusion with what patience, with what humanitie, did hee once endure me to touch him to the quicke, in the defence which I made for Milo? with what a singular care prouided hee, that I might not runne into any popular disgrace, protecting me with his Councell, Authoritie, and in a word, with armes? at which time hee shewed, that magnanimitie, and grauitie, as hee would neuer beleeue the words, I will not say of a Phrygian, or a Lycaonian, as you did in the matter of Embassies; but of many great men, who spake ill vnto him of me. Now his sonne, being your sonne in law; and besides the respect of affinitie, I vnderstanding how deere, and acceptable you are to Pompeius: how ought I thinke you to bee affected towards you? especially hee hauing written vnto mee such letters, that if I were as great an enemie to you, as I am a friend, yet would I bee pacified, and suffer my selfe wholly to be directed, not onely by the will, but by the leaft winke, or becke of so great a benefactor. But of these matters let this suffice: and I feare I haue beene longer then peraduenture was requisite. You shall see, what I haue partly performed, and partly set on foote in your behalfe; the which I doe, and will vndertake, rather for your honour, then for any great danger, or doubt [Page] therein. For I hope ere long to heare, that you are created Censor: which being an office for a man of great valour and high vnd [...]rstanding, (let me tell you) it requ [...]res other consideration and care then this present imploym [...]nt. Farewell.

Cicero, Imperator; to Appius Pulcher (as I hope) Censor. Ep. 11.

LYing with the Campe neere to the riuer Pyramus, I [...]eceiued at one time two of your letters, which Quin [...]us Seruilius sent me from Ta [...]sus: one was written the v. of Aprill: the other, which seemed the latt [...]r, bare no date. I will first therefore answer to the former. Whereas you write vnto me, that you are cle [...]red of the imputed crime of Maiestie: of which successe, though I vnderstood by le [...]ters, by messengers, and finally by fame it selfe, (for nothing could be more divulg'd: not that any man thought otherwise, but because all the occasions of renowned men, are euer spred with a common voyce) yet your owne letters multiplied my ioy; not onely in that they reuealed what was past, more abundantly then others [Page] did: but also, by rea [...]on, that vnd [...]rstanding of it by your selfe, I had the greater cause (as I thought) to reioyce with you. I haue therefore enter [...]ain'd you a far off, in thought, and kissed your letters, and, with my selfe, I reioyc't, as if the businesse had beene mine owne. For, when the people, the Senate, and the Iudges; doe fauor wit, endeauour, or vertue; me think [...]s they fauour me also. Which peraduen [...]ure proceed [...] from that sweet deceit, by which I am nuzzel'd in a beliefe, that my selfe also am possest of those parts to which al fauour, or grace belongeth. Neither did I wonder, that your cause should haue so glorious an issue, but that your enemies could carry [...]o wicked a minde. And though you are yet to purge your selfe, de ambitu: this need not much to trouble you. For, as you euer encreased Maiestatem, of the people of Rome, So you euer shunned ambitum. Aud what is Maiestas? Nothing else, vndoubtedly (according to Sylla's meaning) but, That no man should be defam'd by any other, without rigorus chastisement: & Ambitus was wont for the most part to be so apparāt, that as well [...]e that seeks [...]o defend himselfe being culpable, offendeth: as he that accus [...]th one that is innocent. For whether one giues, or not, contrarie to the lawes, how can it possibly be concealed? & of all the honors you [Page] euer emoyed, who euer had the least suspition [thereof]? O, what hard fortune had I, that I could not then be present? I know well enough, what sport I should haue made. But touching the triall de Mai [...]state, you write two things, which giue me singular contentment; one is, that you were defended by the Common-wealth her selfe, who, though she were better stor'd with good and valiant cittizens, should support men of your qualitie: but now more especially, because there is such a penurie, in euery age and degree, that shee being left as a poore forsaken, and desolate widdow, hath great reason to imbrace such tutors. the other is: because you so highly extoll the fidelitie and loue, of Pompeius, and Brutus, both my very deare friends. I am glad, you haue two kinsmen so louing and noble: the one neither hath, or euer had in all the world his like; and the other hath now a long time enioy'd the chiefest place among the yong men of this Cittie; and shortly also, as I hope, shall carrie it from them, that in yeares farre exceed, and goe before him. Concerning the corrupted witnesses, if Flaccus cause not their infamie to be publickely proclaim'd in their seuerall Citties; when I passe through Asia, it shall be done. Now, I come to your other Epistles: I haue perus [...]de the forme and [Page] draft you sent me, of the present times, and the whole state of the Common-wealth, and I am much comforted in the prudent discour [...]e you make there of. Because I see the daung [...]r is not so great, as I feared, and there is better defence, then I in any wise hoped; If it be true you write vnto me, that all the citty referres it selfe to Pompeies direction and gouernment. And also I conc [...]iue, how prone your mind is, and enfl [...]med to the defence of common libertie. And I was singularly well pleas'd in your louing care and vigilancie, that in the depth of your waightiest occasions, you faile not to mak [...] knowne vnto me, the state of the Common-wealth. If I had thought, you had beene in these distractions, I would not haue written so earnestly to you, about the bookes of the Auguries. Now, I sollicite you not to the performance of your promise herein, reserue them till another time, when both the one, and the other of vs, may be at better leisure. And in their stead send me at this present, all your Orations compleat, as you promised. Tullius who should haue spoken with me in your name, is not yet come to me. And here are now no more of your friends; but that all mine, are likewise yours. I know not what those letters be, which, you say, I wrote vnto you, in so great choller, I haue written twice vnto [Page] you, in iustific [...]tion of my sel [...]e, about the false reports, that were d [...]liuer'd you of me: and in iustifying my selfe, I complaine of you, for giuing them credite: and me thought one friend might lawfully vs [...] such expostula [...]ions with another. Bu [...] if you relish them no [...], Ile vse them no more. And if the letters I wrote to you, vpon such a subiect were (as you write) destitute of eloquence: I tell you they were not mine. For as Arist [...]rchus accounted no verse to be Homers, which he approu'd not of: so, (giue me leaue a little to be pleasant,) suppose you nothing to be mine, which is not smooth and elegant. F [...]rewell. And if you be Censor, be mindfull to looke backe into the Censorship of your great Grand- [...]ather.

Cicero Imperator to Appius Pulcher. Epist. 12.

I Will first congratulate with you, (for so the order of things requires) afterwards I'le returne to my selfe. I am glad therefore of your being cleared of the action de Ambitu, not so much for your acquitall, whereof no man doubted; as, in that the better cittizen you are, the more valiant man, the more constant friend, and the greater [Page] aboundance there is in you of [...]hose parts, that deriue from vertue, and endeuour: so much the more was it to be admired, that in the Articles o [...] so m [...] n [...]e iudges, who are of power to accuse, without producing the accuser, there was no secret m [...]lice found ou [...], which durst oppose you [...] This was not a proce [...]ding answerable to these times, to men of thes [...] dai [...]s, nor to present customes. For my part I haue not ob [...]erued any thing this many yeares, that strooke me in [...]o a greater wonder. Now, to come to [...]hat part, which concernes me: Imagine your s [...]lfe [...]or a while in my pl [...]ce, and accoun [...] you are my s [...]lfe If you can easi [...]y deu [...]se what to obi [...]ct vn [...]o me, shew me no fa [...]our, if I kn [...]w not how to replie. I [...]ray God this a [...]finitie, which my [...]riends hau [...] made without my priu [...]tie, procure to me and my daughter Tulli [...] that contentment, which, out of your loue, I know you wish her. Which, thou [...]h I hope it will come to pas [...]: yet should I grieue much, that [...]his should [...]all out, in time of your molestations, but that your prudence and humanitie affords me comfort Wherefore I know not how to get cleare of this bu [...]inesse: For of the one side I ought not to disapproue a thing, which you desire to be succesfull; and [...]t on the other, I cannot tell what [Page] still vexeth my minde; although I am perswaded I may be secure, that you vnderstand very well, that all this matter was brought about by my friends meanes: to whom, a [...] my departu [...]e I gaue commission, that I hauing to liue so far of, they should not attend my will and pleasure, but of themselues s [...]ould doe what they thought [...]i [...], and conuenient: And what if you had bin personally here, you may say? surely I should haue entertain'd the match, but concerning the time [of consummation] I would haue done nothing without your aduise, and counsell. You see, how I sweat with the paines I daily take, while I striue to defend a matter, which I am bound to defend, and no [...] to offend you. Ease me therefore of this so waightie a burden. For to my remembrance, I neuer handled so intricate a matter. And be assured, that, when I heard the newes of this affinity, though, heretofore I had beene slacke, in performing any thing that appertain'd to your honor, I should suddainly haue be [...]aken my selfe to the defence thereof, by making you discerne; not any b [...]tter affection then before, ( [...]or better I could not) yet a more feruent zeale and readie will to prosequute your occasions. In departing out of the Prouince, the whole yeare of my gouernement being expir'd, on the third of [Page] August, when we drew neare to Sida by Sea, I heard of this thing by my friends letters. I said presently to Quintus Seruilius, who was with me, and s [...]em [...]d not verie glad of these new [...]s, that I would affect you, more then euer I did. What should I [...]ay more? I will not prot [...]st that my loue is growne greater, but I'le boldly affirme, that my desire to manifest it vnto you, is much augmented. For, as the regard of our precedent enmitie, b [...]fore vrg'd me, to be ver [...]e warie how I gaue the least mistrust, of my fained reconciliation vnto you; so this new affinitie, excites me to vse all my best endeuours, that it may not be thought, that vpon th [...]s conside [...]ation, the tender affection I euer bare you, should in any part be d [...]m [...]nis [...]ed. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Appius Pulcher. Ep. 13.

PResaging, as it were to my selfe, that in such alike office, I should one d [...]y haue need of your f [...]uour; when your goue [...]nment and proceedings in the Prouince, were d [...]b [...]ed in [...]he Senate, I maintain [...]d your honour, with my whole power. Ye [...] I must needs say, and that truely, that you haue rendred [Page] me more, then euer you receiu'd, How many haue written to me, tha [...] not onely with the authoritie o [...] you [...] words, and opinion; for which things of themselues, from so great a man, I ought to haue beene contented; but [...]urther, with your endeuour, and coun [...]sell, and with your repairing home to my house, and solliciting al my friends, you omitted no office of kindnesse to any particular [in my behalfe]? I esteeme more of these things, then o [...] those, for which these endeuours are vndertaken. For the ornaments of vertue, haue beene obtained by many, without vertue; but such high fauo [...]rs, from men o [...] that rari [...]i [...], none cert [...]inely but a vertuous man, could at any time obtaine. So that I propound vnto my selfe no other reward of our amitie, but meere friendship; which in her selfe comprehends aboundant felicitie; especially in those studies, wherein we mu [...]ually take l [...]king. Because I offer my selfe vnto yo [...] as an associate in the cause of the Common-weal [...]h, of which, our o [...]inions are not different: and I will daily conuerse with you, in the exercise of those vertues, that both the one, and other of vs loueth. I would to God fortune had so dispos [...]d, that your kindnes might haue bin as great to my friends, as mine to yours: and yet I despair [...] not ther [...]of, for a secret for [...] knowledge [Page] that my mind giues me: but you need not care for this: the burden is to lie on my shoulders. And I entreat you to beleeue, that by this new affinitie, my affection towards you is not onely not diminished, but it is encreased: though before, it seem'd to be perfect. When I wrote this present letter, I hop't you were Censor, and for this cause, I contriu'd the letter, briefe, and modest, as letters ought to be, that are directed to a master of behauiour. Farewell.

THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 1.

CAin [...] Treba [...]ius my fam [...]liar f [...]iend writes vnto me, [...]hat you demanded of him where I was; and that you were sorrie that sicknes was [...]he c [...]u [...]e, you could not come [...]o see m [...] [...]fter my returne out of my Prouince; and that now, if I came neere [Page] Rome, you would be glad to confer with me about both our offices. Oh Seruius, I would to God we could but haue spoken together, before the ruines of the Common-wealth: (for we may now truely say, she is ruined,) out of question we might haue deuised some way to [...]phold her. For I know that both in, and after your Consulship, you affected nothing but peace. Foreseeing the euill that was to ensue. And though I commended your iudgement, and was of the same opinion my selfe; yet could I neuer procure the atonement of ciuill dis [...]ord [...] For I came late; I was alone; and, as it seemed, but weakely informed of the cause. And finally, I found my forces vnable to alter their stubborne min [...]es, that desired warre. Now, seeing we are out of hope to assist the Common-wealth, if we may take some course for the safetie of our owne liues, not to maintaine any forme of our auncient state, but to mourne for the Common-wealth, so far as any wayes may stand with our reputation, I would rather consult with you then any other person in the world whatsoeuer. For I know you rich in the treasure of all learning, and deepely read in all auncient, and moderne histories. And know, that I had formerly written to you, that your going into the Senate, or rather, into the assembly of Senators, would [Page] be to small purpos [...], but that I was affraid to offend him, who (as you may conceiue) would haue taken it very ill, that I should di [...]swade your residence in Rome; when he so instantly requested me to doe as your selfe did. To whom, when he intreated me, that I would returne into the Senate, I answered: that I would say as you said, about the peace, or our going into Spaine. You see on what termes we stand: our Empire is diuided: warre is kindled in euerie quarter: Rome is abandoned, and expos'd to combustion: the lawes, iudgement, and finally all good customes are supprest. Whereupon, so farre I am from hoping after better, that I know not what I may presume to desire. But if it seeme good to your wisedome, that we consult together, though I resolu'd to remoue further off from Rome, then now I am, whose very name I cannot heare spoken without extreme griefe: yet I will come nearer hand. I haue bidden Trebatius, that, if at any time, you would send him to speake to me, he refuse not this endeuour: the which I pray doe: or else, you may if you please send some one of your owne people, whom you most t [...]ust: that it may neither be necessarie for you, to come out of Rome, nor for me to approach it. I am so confident in your vnderstanding, and foolishly peraduenture, relie so [Page] much on mine owne, tha [...] I assure my selfe, that whatsoeuer wit [...] [...] opinion, we shall both conclud [...] [...], will by all men be approued. Far [...]l.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 2.

ON the nineteenth of [...]: being at Cumanum, I [...] your le [...]ters, and after I had [...] [...]hat you wrote, I might perceiue [...] discretion Philo [...]imus shewed: w [...]o being [...]o speake to me in your nam [...], about what occurred; he came not himselfe but sent the letters: the which you said were but briefe, supposing him to bee bearer. Notwithstandin [...] wh [...]n I had read them, your Pos [...]mia, and sonne Seruius [...] me; and determined, that you [...] come to Cumanum; en [...]reating [...] write vnto you, to that effect. Wh [...]rea [...] you require me to aduise you: [...] more need of councell my selfe, [...] aduise another. And why should [...] sume to councell a man of your [...]oritie, and wisedome? If we seeke [...] our peculiar offices and duties, we [...]ay easily finde them out: but if benefi [...] [...] shall hardly finde it. But if we [...] men, we ought to be: that is, if [...] [Page] steeme that onely profitable, which is iust, and [...]est; we must needes know what [...] [...]ould doe. In that you write how yo [...] state and condition is like mine o [...]; it is most certain in vs, both that when wee held the best opinion, we erred alike: for our councels aymed [...] concord, which being most behoue [...]ull to Caesar, we likewise thought in maintaining peace to haue fauoured him; but how we were deceiued in our iudgeme [...] [...] what 'tis come vnto, you [...] and you doe not onely know [...] [...]resent, and past, but you forese [...] [...] [...]ose to come. It's an hard case [...] now put vnto, to doe one of these two things: either to approue what is done; or to be present thereat, though you a [...]proue it not. One of which courses, in my opinion, is base; [...] other full of daunger. To conclude, [...] am resolued, that we must depa [...]t; but [...] to be thought of [...] after what man [...] shall order our departure, a [...]d whither we shall goe. Neuer was there [...] condition more miserable, nor [...] more difficul [...]: because we [...] dispose of any thing, but that w [...] [...] light vpon some great contra [...] If you so thinke [...]ood, I would [...] you doe thus: that if you haue de [...]ermin'd of any course, wherein your [...], and mine owne doe not [...], in any [...]i [...]e take not the paines [Page] to come; but if you desire first, to consult with me, I'le willingly stay for you [...] And I shall be glad, if you can conueniently, that you would come out of hand, as is likewise the desire of Seruius, and Posthumia. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 3.

I Daily heare, that you are pensiue; and that, for the publick s [...]ipwracke, you mourne extreamely. Whereat though I cannot wonder, but confesse, that I likewise, vndergoe the same affliction: neuerthelesse, I both grieue beyond measure, that you being a man endowed with such singular wise [...]ome, will not rather reioyce at your owne good, then vexe at another mans hurt. And I, though I graunt not, that any man is mo [...]e grieu'd at heart, then I am, for the lamentable ouerthrow of our Common-wealth: yet now for many reasons I take comfort, especially in calling to minde, that I neuer fail'd to pay vnto my countrie, whatsoeuer was due from a good Cittizen. For long since, as from an eminent and high tower, I discer [...]'d a far off, the ruine that was comming. And I saw it the [Page] better, becau [...]e you pointed it out vnto me. For though I was in my Prouince a great part of your Consulship, yet so remote as I was, I knew your opinion about the preuenting this pestiferous warre. Besides I was in Rome, at the beginning of your Consulship, when a discourse falling out, vpon all the ciuill warres, you admonished the Senate, to take heed, by the calamities that were past: and to thinke how much more intollerable those would be, which oppressed the Country in these time [...], seeing they had be [...]ne so cruell, who oppressed it heretofore, hauing thereof no former president or example: In that men, doe vsu [...]lly thinke, that they may in all reason doe, what they haue example for; nay, and to doe wor [...]e, then their presid [...]nt allowes. Remember therefore, they are in extreame mise [...]y, who might haue beene in happ [...]e [...] [...]state, if they had followed your aut [...]oritie, and cou [...]sell. You will say: What fruit reape I by this, amidst such darkenesse, and so great [...]uines of the Common-wealth? Such is my griefe, I conf [...]sse, that it's scarcely capable of consolat [...]on: so gr [...]a [...] is the l [...]s [...]e of all things, and the desp [...]ire of their recouerie: yet, you s [...]ould m [...]tigate your so [...]row, [...]i [...]h this comfort; that Caesar himselfe and with h [...]m al other Cittizens are possest, that there [Page] remaines no other light of sanctitie, prudence, and repu [...]ation, but your person. These reasons, may afford you, wonderfull relaxa [...]ion. Concerning your being farre off from your friends, you ought the easelier to support these troubles; being at one instant likewise, far remou'd from many, and grieuous molestations: of which I would write somewhat to you, but that I will not in writing certifie you of things, which, in that you see them not, I iudge you lesse vnhappie, then our selues, that daily behold them. Hitherto me thinkes, I haue vsed all the arguments of cons [...]lation, that the loue I beare you could put into my minde, to ease the burden of your aggreeuances: other comforts remaine within your owne breast, the which I know to be great; yea, greater then any that can be [...]ound: and I haue euery day, a feeling ther [...]of in my selfe, with so great benefit of minde, that methinkes, I enioy a safetie th [...]reby. But I well remember, that you from your infancie, were studioushe addictted to all lea [...]ning, and especiallie, to Philosophie; which in prosperitie yeeldes vs profit, and contentment; and now being in aduersitie, wee haue no other comf [...]rt but it. I will not bee arrogant, nor prescribe vnto you, who are endued with so great learning, and so noble a soule, the studie of these [Page] Arts, which you euer affect [...]d from your youngest yeares. Thus much only I wi [...]l say vnto you, (and I hope you will commend me for it) that I, seeing how the estimation of my Art is declin'd, I meane of eloquence, I haue appl [...]ed all my endeauours to th [...] studie of Philosophie. And because you see, that your Art also, though it bee excellent and singular, is notwithstanding almost as lightly valued, as ours: I need not labour to put you in minde; that in so boisterouse a storm you retire your selfe also in [...]o the same Port; being perswaded, that alread [...]e, you are thither withdrawne: for it is such refuge, that though [...]t cannot restore our publike los [...]e, yet will it be ve [...]ie available, in razing out the memoriall thereof. Your [...]onne S [...]ruius is a wonderfull proficient in all the l [...]b [...]r [...]ll Artes, and principallie in thi [...], wherein, as I write, my repose consis [...]eth. I wish him so well, that besides your owne, no mans loue can exceed m [...]ne towards him. Wherein he returnes me iust exchange. For he lou [...]s, and honors me, with an opinion, (as may easily be discerned) tha [...] heerein hee performe [...]h, what your owne heart desireth. [...]arewell.

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Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 4.

I Accept of your excuse, in hauing written vnto mee sundrie le [...]ers of the same tenor, and in the selfe-same words: but I accept it only, in that you write you did so, by reason through negligence, and vntrustines of messengers, letters oftentimes miscarried. Touching that part where you excuse your sel [...]e, by saying, that through penurie of words (for so you terme it) yo [...] vse to write many letters, in one and the sel [...]esame forme; I cannot in any wise admit of it. And wheras you saie by waie of a iest, (for so I take it) that I possesse the treasures of the tongue, certainely I am not ignorant, that of words I am not very barren, (for why should I d [...]ssemble) but notwithstanding all this, (and in this I halt as little) I easilie, or readilie giue place, to the pregnancie, and el [...]gancie of your writings. Touching the gouernment of Achaia; I euer liked of your course, in not refusing such a charge; but after the reading of your l [...]st letters, I farre more highly approued it. For all the reasons which you alledge are most iust, and beseem [...]ng both your authoritie, and prudence. [Page] [...] as you are greeued, because ther [...] ensued not that contentment of minde, you look't for, you supposing, that we liue not so ill here at Rome: Vndoubtedly you are deceiued. But because the commotion, and con [...]usion of things is such, and the ruine so great, which this most wicked warre hath wrought: that euery man deemes himselfe vnhappie wheresoeuer: therefore you repent you of your owne opinion, and we at home, seeme happie men vnto you. But cleane contrarie, wee heere iudge you, not altogether to bee free from molestations; but in respect of our selues, fortunate, or blessed. And were it but in this, your condition is farre better then ours; for you may securely write the occasions of your griefe, which wee cannot doe, without danger: not through any vice of the Conqueror, who cannot possiblie be more clement, but in respect of the victorie it selfe, which in ciuill wars, is alwaies insolent. In one thing wee haue exceeded you, because a little before your selfe, we saw the grace, which Caesar did to Marcellus your Colleague, and withall, in that I beheld, how the matter was carried. For I may truely affirme vnto you, that since these miseries, that is, since that time that men began to striue for the Empire of Rome by armes, there hath passed nothing in [Page] the Senate, with the dignitie of the common-wealth. For Eucius Piso making mention of Marcus Marcellus; and Caius Marc [...]us prostrating him [...]s [...]lfe at Caesars fe [...]te, humblie entreating him that he would bee pleased, that his Brother might returne to Rome; the Sena [...]ors rising [...]p altogether at the same instant, submissely requested the like of him: Then Caesar accusing th [...]uster [...]tie of Marcus Marcellus, ( [...]or so hee cal'd i [...]) and in honourable tearmes exal [...]ng your worth, and wi [...]edome, on a su [...]daine b [...]yo [...]d all expectation, he said, that for all this hee would not forbeare to comfort the Senate. Be no further inquisi [...]iue. This seem'd vnto me [...]o glorious a day, that me thought I saw a forme and Image of the Commonwealth raised vp againe from death; whereupon all they, who were demanded before my selfe, hauing giuen thankes to Caesar, besides Vol [...]tiu [...]; who said, if hee were in Marcellus case, hee would neuer returne to Rome; when I was sought vnto, I changed my mi [...]de: For I resolued, not o [...]t o [...] slothfulnesse, but for me [...]re griefe, of lost digni [...]ie, neuer to speake more in the Senate But this generous part in Caesar, [...]nd so [...]riendly an o [...]fice of the Senate, broke off my resolution; and in many words I gaue tha [...]kes [...]o Cae [...]ar, which peraduenture may bee a c [...]use, [Page] that I shall no more enioy that honest repose, that was the only mitigation of our euills. But yet, I hauing begun to speake, that I might not off [...]nd Caesar; who if I had beene altogether silent, might peraduenture haue thought, that I held, this Common-wealth no Cōmonwealth; I wil he [...]eaf [...]er speak so seldome, as it shall rather bee too lit [...]le, then too much: and this I'le doe, to satisfie in one, both his will, and mine owne studies. For although from my tender yeares I was well affected to all liberall Sciences, and especially to Philosophie: yet this studie delights mee more [...]uery day then other, ou [...] of the maturitie of my yeares, as I suppose, which inclines to wisedome; and through the malignitie of these times, which is so violent, that no other remedie is aua [...]leable enough, to defend our minde from those molestations that enuiron it: to which studie, you write you could not attend, by reason of the mult [...]tude of negotiations: which you may w [...]ll doe, allowing your selfe some time in the nigh [...]'s, now growing somewhat longer. Our Seruius honours mee with great respect: and hee breedes my infinite contentment; for besides his learning, I discerne in him singular goodn [...]sse, conioyn'd with valour. He often discourseth with me, of your affair [...]s, asking [Page] me the question, whether you must remaine still in your Prouince, or depart. Hitherto my opinion is, that we dispose of our selues to Caesars will. If you were at Rome, besides your friends, you could finde nothing wherewith to bee delighted; Caesar himselfe is the best of all other considerations. But the estate of the Common-wealth, is such, that you would rather desire to heare of it, then see it. This I speake against mine owne minde; because I desire to see you in R [...]me for my consolation: but I speake it, because I preferre your benefit before mine owne contentment. Farewell.

Seruius Sulpitius to Cicero. Epist. 5.

FOr the death of your daughter Tu [...] lia, I wa [...] as truely sorrowfull, as behoued me: but this I reputed a common misfortune; and had I been there, I would haue assisted you with all possible kindnesse, and with your owne eies, you should haue read my griefe. Now, though their estate be pitiful, & lamentable, that vndertake to comfort others; who either being kinsfolkes, or neere f [...]iends, haue more need of consolation [Page] themselues, being no waies able [...]o discharge this office, without aboundant teares, in that they are afflicted with the same care and griefe: yet will I not forbeare to set before your eyes those things, which at [...]his present come into my minde: not because I imagine, that you did not discouer them, but in that by the vaile of your griefe, they are peraduenture concealed from you. What's the reason, that the death of your daughter should so afflict you? Remember how Fortune hath hitherto to [...]sed vs. Shee hath depriued vs of those goods, which men ought to esteeme no lesse deere, then their children; our countrey, our dignities, all honours, and commendable customes. What greater sorrow could pierce your heart, through the accesse of this disaster? or what minde is there, that is not so inured to these things, that it is ere this time hardned; and that in feeling them, is sorrowfull? haue you compassion of her, b [...]cause she is dead? In deed I suppose, this greeues you: Though nece [...]sarily you must, as wee al [...]o oftentimes consider, that they haue beene very fortunate, to whom the heauens were so fauourable, as depriuing them of life, they brought vpon them a death without vexation. And why should shee desi [...]e longer life? To what end? Vpon what hopes? To [Page] marry with some Gentle [...]man, with whom she might haue liu'd h [...]ppily? I beleeue, that amongst our young Nobilitie, you might haue made choice of a son in law, co [...]respondent to your owne dignitie: to whose trust, you might [...]ecurely haue committed your children. Or, because she might haue occasion to reioyce, when shee saw her children in flourishing estate? And such, who, of themselues, might be able to gouerne their fathers inheritance? might attaine successiuely to all honours? might shew courtesie in their [...]riends occasions? Which of these things was not taken away, before it was giuen? Oh, but you'l say, The losse of children go [...]s neere the [...]eart. 'Tis true, it is an [...]uill, but to suffer what we suffer, is far worse. Ile rel [...]te a thing vnto you, which gaue mee no small consola [...]ion; to try, if it can a [...] ford you as much. Returning out of Asia, and sailing from Aegina, towards Megara, I cast mine eye round about. B [...]hinde me lay Aegina, before M [...]gar [...], on the [...]ight h [...]nd Pirae [...]us, and on the left Corinthus: wh [...]ch were somet [...]mes renowned Cities, but now appeare to euery mans view, demolished, and euen wi [...]h the g [...]ound: And thus I began to con [...]ider with my selfe: Doe we then, poore wretched men, so dismay our selues, when any one of vs is slaine, or [Page] dead; When in one onely place, so many bod [...]es of razed Cit [...]es are seene lying on the ground? Wilt not thou, ô Seruiu [...], ackno [...]ledge and remember thy selfe, to bee borne mor [...]a [...]l? I [...] you thinke good, propound to your sel [...]e this other example: Not long since, at one instant, many honourable men were slaine: The Empire was much impayr'd: All the Pr [...]uinces were tormented: And doe you, for one si [...]ly womans breath expir'd, poure out so infinite lamentation? Who, if shee were not now dead, within a few yeeres, of nec [...]ssitie shee must dye; being mortall borne. Alas! banish this passion from your heart, and rather recall those things to your minde, that are worthie of your person: that shee liu'd as long time as was requisite; that she liued in the flourishing estate of the Common-wealth; that she saw her father P [...]aetor, Consull, and Augure; that shee was married to one of the noblest young men in Rome; that shee tas [...]ed all contentments, that possibly may bee [...]nioyed in this world; and at last, departed this life at the same instant, when the Common-wealth her selfe failed. And therefore nei [...]her you, nor shee, could complaine of Fortune. Besides you must remember, how you are the same Cic [...]ro, that was wont [...]o perswade, and comfort others. Doe [Page] not therefore imitate ignorant Physi [...]ians, who in other mens maladies, professe they haue the Art of Physicke, but by no meanes can cure themselues: rather haue recourse to those remedies, with which you were wont to cure others misfortunes. There is no greefe so great, which length of [...]ime doth not make lesse, and extenuate. It becomes you not to expect this time, and not to withstand it by your wisdome. And if it bee true, that the soule is immortall: then she questionlesse, out of the loue she beares to you, and the affection to the r [...]st of her friends, would no [...] haue you commit this errour. Deny not this fauour therefore to your daughters soule. D [...]ny it not your good friends, who sorrow [...]or your greefe [...] Nor deny it to your Country, because, if shee stood in need of you, shee may vse your aid and councell. And seeing we are reduced to such a point, that we must also haue a respect to this; take heed, lest others censure, that you lament not so much for your daughter, as for another mans victorie, and the calamities of the Common-wealth. I am asham'd to write vnto you of this more at large, because I would not seeme to be diffident of your wisdome: with this breefe record therefore, I will make an end. We heretofore saw, that you gouern'd prudently in your happy [Page] [...]ort [...]nes; and reaped thereby high commendation. Now, let it appeare vpon this accident, that you know how to demeane your selfe also in disasters, without taking greater greefe then is conuenient: to the end, that of all other vertues, this may not onely seeme wanting in you. As for the occurrents of these par [...]s, when I heare of the pacification of your minde, I will presently giue you aduertisement. Farewell.

Cicero, to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 6.

I Wish, my deere Seruius, as you write, that you had beene at Rome, when this grieuous accident befell me. For if your letters haue somewhat [...]asde my mind, so much the more doe I suppose, that with your presence you might haue assisted me, both in comforting me, and mutually mourning for the cause of my griefe. For fi [...]st you set me downe reasons, that are of force to stay my teares; and then your selfe also, as it were for a kinde of comfort, haue associated your griefe with mine. But yet your S [...]ruiu [...], in all the louing offices, that at such time could be shewed, [Page] did manifest both in what esteeme himselfe held me, and how he thought that you al [...]o [...]ooke well at his ha [...]d, this his affection towards me. Whose loue did so comfort me, that I know not what greater contentment I could haue desired; for ioy I cannot tearme it. Neither do your words onely cheare me vp, and your fellow feeling, as it were, of my heart griefe; but your authoritie also turnes to my especiall consolation. For me thinks I am ashamed, I should not tollerate my mis-fortunes, with that fortitude of minde, as you, being a man of singular wisedome thinke fit I should doe. And yet sometimes I am so ouerwhelmed with sorrow, that I can scarcely support it; wanting those comforts, which others in the like Fortunes fail'd not of, whose example I propound vnto my selfe. For both Quintus Maximus, who lost a son, that had beene Consull, and after the same dignitie, performed many famous enterpris [...]s: and Lucius Paulus, who in seauen dayes, was depriu'd of two: with our Gallus, and Marcus Cato, who had [...]ne died, that was replenished with prudence and valour: these liued in those times, that the honours which the Common-wealth afforded them, were to them a comfort. But no other comfort was left me, then that which death bereau'd me of. I had lost those [Page] ornam [...]s, [...]hi [...]h you recount, and which I with painefull endeauours had purchased: my minde was not busied, neither with my friends occasions, nor the managings of the Common-wealth: I could not plead any cause, nor could I counsell the Senate: it appeared vnto mee, euen as in effect it was, that I had lost all the fruits of my labours, and fortunes. But on the other side, considering [...]hat this misfortune happened not to mee alone, but extended it selfe further to you, and some others also: I arm'd my minde with patience, and so much the more readily, because I knew whither to flye, where to repose mee, and where, with sweet and pleasant discourse, to expell out of my minde, all clouds of duskie and hea [...]uie meditations. But now, this greeuous wound makes me feele those olde scars, which I tooke to bee healed. Heretofore, though I were depriued of the Common-wealth, yet I found them at home, which ye [...]lded me comfort. But now, of that societie, which I so deerly loued, finding my selfe left alone, mee [...]hinkes I haue lost all those delights, that should haue eased my afflictions about the Common-weal [...]h. And thus I haue lost all, both publique and priuate com [...]ort: which makes me the rather desire, that you would speedily returne: all the consolations of letters, [Page] are nothing, in respect of those, which our conuersation and conference will afford me: and her [...]of I shortly looke to receiue comfort. For I heare, your returne is expected. I desire for many causes, to see you out of hand, and amongst the rest, that we may, before it be too late, consult, how to passe ouer this time, wherein, the forme of our life must bee fram'd, according to the will and pleasure of one man: who, though he be replenished with wisdom and courtesie; and, so far as I can perceiue, beares towards mee, rather a good minde, then otherwise; and a singular affection to you: yet herein we must be circumspect, how wee resolue, and that we stir in nothing, but quietly repose our selues, vnder the shadow of his gracious fauour. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 7.

THough I will not presume to reprehend the courses, which hitherto you haue taken; not because I am likewise of the same opinion: but in that I repute you so wise, that I will not take vpon me to prefer mine own iudgment before yours: yet for our ancient loues [Page] sake, and for the infinite good will, you haue borne me, from your child-hood, I could not but impart that vnto you, which I iudge most profitable for your life, without any preiudice to your honour, or reputation. I remember full well, you are the man, which in your Consulship performed wonderfull matters: I likewise call to minde, that you neuer approu'd, that a ciuill war should bee made in such forme and manner, as it hath beene. Neither did you euer like of Pompeyes Armie. And you alwayes fear'd the perils, which since haue hapned, as also you cannot forget, that my selfe was euen of the same opinion. And therefore, as you would be present in the war, but a small time: so I vsed all the meanes I could, to keepe from thence, because there was no fighting with counsell, authoritie, or cause, which were things wherein we excelled: but the buckling was by force and hand-blowes, wherein we were not equall: and therefore wee were vanquished; and if not vanquish't, (for it seemes, that a iust and honest cause can neuer be ouercome) at least, wee were disturbed, & discomfited. Wherin, not only your counsel is by euery man to be commended, in that together with the hope of victory, you gaue ouer your desire of fighting: giuing in this to vnderstand, that euery wise & good Citizen, [Page] as he enters into a ciuill war against his will, so doth he as vnwillingly perseuere in the same, till it bee ended. I see that those, who followed not your aduise, are diuided into two sorts: For some of them, did what they could, to renew the war in Africa: And othersome haue cast thems [...]lues at the feet of the Conquerour; as also I my selfe haue done. You haue kept a [...]iddle way; r [...]puting peraduenture of the other two waies, the [...]ormer very imprudent, & the second to be scarse honour [...]ble. Questionlesse, most men, yea all in general, both censure, that you did wisely: and many likewise, extoll therin your magnanimity and fortitude. But it may suffice you, that you haue made your selfe known for such a man: especially, [...]eeing you want nothing else, for the [...]ecouery of your former estate; but a will in your selfe. For I vndestand, there is nothing troubles his mind, that's Lord of all, but onely the doubt he is in, [...]hat you will not accept of your restitution at his hands. In which it boots not, for me to deliuer my opinion, considering, what I haue done my selfe. Notwithstanding, if you were formerly resolued, to liue in perpetuall exile, rather then to behold your Countreyes seruitude: yet you should consider, that wher [...]soeuer you are, you shall be euer vnder his power, whom you flye, who [Page] although hee were con [...]ent, that you should liue abroad in any place in liberty, and quie [...]ly: yet you should doe well, to bethinke your selfe, whether were better, either to liue at Rome, and in your own house, or at Rh [...]des, or Mitylene But his dominion, whom we so much feare, being extended so far, that there is no p [...]rt of the world, which it reacheth not vn [...]o; had you not ra [...]her continue in your owne house, wi [...]hout danger, then abroad, wi [...]h perill, in another mans. For my part, were I to lose my life, I had rather lose it in my Countrey, then in strange and forraine parts. What I write vnto you, all that loue you thinke the same: who, [...]or your famous & noble vertues, a [...]e very many. We also stand in doubt of your habitations, which we would not haue sackt in any wise. For, though peraduenture, they can take no hurt of long continuance: (because neither Caesar, who hath in his hands the Common-wealth, nor yet the Common-wealth her selfe, would permit it.) Neuertheles, I knowing that in Rome there be Huck [...]ters, I would not haue them outragiously entred, and pil [...]red. And who these are, I durst set downe in writing: but that I am assured, you know them well enough. Your brother, Caius Marcellus, who is vexed with continuall afflictions, with many teares in his eyes, sues [Page] for your re [...]urne. And I feele no lesse greefe then he: though the offices hee vndergoes to helpe you, are not permitted mee to doe. I hauing stood i [...] need my selfe of another mans helpe with Caesar, with whom I can doe no more, then what the vanquished, vsually obtaine from the Conquerour: Neuerthelesse, I forsake not Marcellus, either in my councels, or endeauours: your other friends make no vse of mee. In all occurrents command me. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 8.

I dare not aduise you, nor offer you any comfort, knowing, you of your selfe to be exceeding wise, and of great valour. For if it be tru [...], that you support those [...]errible accidents, which haue happened, with such constancie as I heare; I should rather reioyce in your fortitude, then mitigate your sorrow. If also the sinister euents of the Common-wealth excruciate you: I dare not presume to haue so copious a wit, as to thinke I can comfort you; not being able in that kind to helpe my selfe. In other offices be assured, that I will neuer faile, whensoeuer your [Page] friends request me; to whom I will in all occasions, giue to vnderstand, that I am bound to doe for you, not onely whatso [...]uer I can doe, but what I cannot doe also. This I would request you to accept from me, either as a remembrance, or an opinion; or else, that you would beleeue, that my affection towards you vrged me to speake it: which is, to enter into this cogitation, that my selfe hath done; that if there be any forme of a Common-wealth, you must liue therein; and though you be, both in euery mans iudgement, and in effect an honourable Cittizen; yet the qualitie of the times must beare greater sway: then your peculi [...]r will: nay, [...]hough no forme of a Common-wealth should remaine, yet you may think Rome, a place fit enough for your exile. For if we affect libertie, what part is no [...] subiect to this dominion? if like wise you care no more to liue in one place, then another; what sweeter residence is there then a mans owne countrie? But I assure you, that Caesar cherisheth all good wits; and embraceth noble, and estimable men, so farre as may stand with the state, and dignity which he holds: but I goe [...]ur [...]her, then I thought to haue done. Againe I say, I will ioyne my whole endeuour, with that of your best friends, if they be your friends: if not, I for mine owne part, [Page] in all opportunities, will satisfie whatsoeuer is due, to the auncient amitie hath beene betweene vs. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 9.

THough I wrote vnto you at large before, by Quintus Mutius, and explained my opinion to you; yet Theophilus your Free-man going thither, whose fidelitie and true loue [...]owards you, is well knowne vnto me, I would not let him passe, without my letters: Once againe therefore I perswade you, to returne into your countrie, in what state so euer it stand. You may well see many things which you would not; but not more, then what euery day comes to your eares: and thinke not, but there may come as much offence vnto you, by the eare, as by the eye: rather, that which we heare, seemes oftentimes far greater then it is in effect. Oh, but you [...]l tel me that somtimes you must needs say, and doe that, which willingly you would not. First; to yeeld vnto the times, that is, to obey necessitie, hath euer beene reputed singula [...] wisedome: Then; so farre as I can see, this your argument is not true [...] For, remaining [Page] in Rome, peraduenture 'tis not lawfull for you, to speake what you thinke: but you may lawfully conceale it. There is onely one at this present, which gouern [...]s; who is not aduised by his friends, but followes his owne counsels: and the like would Pompeius haue done, if Fortune had permitted him to seruiue Conquerour. Shall wee beleeue, that a [...]ter victorie, he would haue made any reckoning of vs; when, during the vncertainties of the warre, when he saw, all men, runne one and the self [...] same fortune, he onely made vse of the directions of some shallow fellowes? And [...]f when, you were Consull, he would not follow, your prudent instructions, n [...]ither would be directed after our prescriptions, in the yeare of your brothers Consulship: suppose you, if he had be [...]ne once possest of the whole common wealth, that he would euer haue lent so much as an eare, to our admonitions? Ciuill warres are full of all miseries; which our predecessors neuer saw; and [yet] this present age, by reiterated experience ha [...]h felt them. But there is nothing more lamentable, then victorie itselfe: the which, though it for [...]une to the best qual [...]fied men, yet it makes them more [...]ierce, and vnbrid [...]ed: so as, though they be not such by nature, yet necessitie constraines them so to be. In that the victor must graunt [Page] many things, contrarie to his owne minde, to those by whose meanes, he vanqui [...]hed. Did you not perceiue as well as I, how cruell likewise Po [...]peius victorie must needs haue beene? If there [...]ore he had subdued, would you in this case haue forsaken your countrie, because you would not behold some things displeasing to your mind? If you say, you meant to liue at Rome, because you would haue enioy'd your substance, and retain'd your dignitie: I will answere, that out of your vertue, you ought to haue contemn'd your owne respects, and to haue no other obiect, but the Common-wealth. Withall, what will the effect of your opinion be? For hitherto, your resolution is not onely commended; but considering the matter, your good Fortune also: your resolution; because necessitie draue you to a ciuill warre, and your wisedome retir'd you from the issue of it: your Fortune; by reason that in an honorable vacancie, you prese [...]u'd the qualitie, and fame of your place, and dignitie. But now, no place ought to be dearer to you, then your countrie; neither should you loue her the worse, for her d [...]formitie, nor depriue her of your comfortable presence, seeing shee is become the widdow of so many, so great personages. Finally, if you [...]aue made knowne the greatnesse of your [Page] minde, in not humbling your selfe to the Conquerour; take heed you be not censured proud, in refusing his courtesie. And if we repute him wise, that flies farre off, from his countries oppression; sometimes it is likewise esteem'd but wilfulnesse, not to affect it: and if we are denied to enioy publicke fortunes, yet let's make much of that, we are permitted to enioy priuatly. To conclude, I say, that if you thinke that you liue there more commodiously: yet ought you to consider, that you rest not peraduenture in any great securitie. The libertie of Armes is vnlimitable: but in other countries, there is also le [...]se respect of doing iniurie. I so desire your safetie, that your brother Marce [...]us, little, or nothing at all surmounts me. Haue a respect, as is conuenient, to the qualitie of the times, to your wisdome, to your life, and to your substance. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marcellus. Epist. 10.

THough I had no newes whereof to write, and euerie day expected your letters, or rather indeed your selfe: yet was I not willing Theophilus should come to you, [...] l [...]tters. [Page] Determine therefore to come so soon, as you can; and make accou [...]t, you shall come long looked for; not only by vs, that is, by your friends, but of all men in generall. Sometimes I muse with my selfe, that you delight as much as you can, to prolong your cōming: questiōles I should haue held you excused, i [...] you had no other sence, but that o [...] your eies. But things heard, making as deep an impression, as those that are seene [...] and being my opinion, that yo [...] ought without all delay to repaire to Rome; I thought good by this, to instigate you thereunto. And s [...]eing I haue made knowne my minde vnto you, it remaines for you to resolue in such a sort, as best stands with your wisdome. Yet I would desire you to write vn [...]o me, at what time we are to expect you. Farewell.

Marcus Marcellus to Cicero. Epist. 11.

HOW farre your commands pre [...]aile with mee, you might euer vnderstand, but in this present occurrent more then at any other time. For though Caius Marcellus my most kinde brother, not only exhorted me, but [Page] humblie entreated mee, that I would bee pleased to returne to Rome: yet could hee neuer pe [...]swade mee, nor worke that effect, which, since that, your letters haue done; by which I perceiue how the matter went. Your office of congratulation with mee, springing from a most sincere affection, is to me very acceptable: and it yeelds mee the greater contentment, because amongst so few friends and kinsmen, which seriously imployed themselues for my safetie, I particularly discouer your desire, and the singular affection you beare me. At the first I little regarded my returning into that countrie, where men ruled more then laws: but now I am perswaded, that from such men, or such friends, as you are, no man can liue farre distant, either [...] in aduerse, or fauourable fortunes; wherfore this makes me reioyce in my selfe, and I remaine so much oblieg'd vnto you, that I will deuise by all meanes to make you knowe, that you haue beene beneficiall to one, who in his loue vnto you, is no whit inferiour to the best of your acquaintance. Farewell.

[Page]

Ser [...]ius Sulpitius to Ci [...]ero. Epist. 12.

THough I know well, that I shall informe you of lamentable, and fearefull newes, neuerthelesse because fortune and nature exceedes all mens discourse: whatsoeuer it is, I thinke good not to conceale it: On the xxviij. of May, comming by ship from Epidaurus, to Pirae [...]um, I there found Marcus Marcellus our Colleague, and I spent all that day with him. The day following, when I departed from him, with intention to goe into Boeotia, and to visite the rest of my Prouince; he, as hee told me, was to saile towards Italie, by the way of the Malleae. The day after I being to leaue Athens, about ten a clocke at night, Pos [...]umius his [...]amiliar friend, came, and told mee, that after supper Publiu [...] Magius C [...]ilo, one of Marcellus his domesticall friends, had stabb'd him with a poinyard, and giuen him two wounds, one in the stomacke, another in the head, close vnder one of his [...]ares; but that yet there was hope, that hee might escape it: and that Magius after so wicked a fact, slue himselfe: and Marcel [...]us sent him to relate vnto me the accident, and [...]ntreat me, that I would assemble some Phisitions: the [Page] which I presently did; and about break of day went without all delaie, towards his lodging: when, not far from Pir [...] um I met a boy that belonged to Acidinus, who deliuered me a letter, which inferred, that a little before day Marce [...]us left this life. Thus, a noble gentleman, renowned for great valour, by a base fellow, and of meanest condition, was lamentably murdered: and, hauing for his honor, and dignitie been pardoned by his enemies, hee met with a [pretended] Friend, that butcher'd him. I would not stay till I came to his lodging, where I found none but two [...]ree-men, and some few seruants; for the rest, they said, were fled distracted, because their Master was slaine, before his owne lodging. I was enforc't to carrie him, into the Citie in my litter, and there I prepared for him as solemne a funerall, as in Athens I could. The Athenians would not grant me a place within the Citie where to burie him: For they excus'd themselues that they were prohibited by their religion, neither had they granted the like to any before; but they were content he should be buried, in any publique Schoole we best liked. And we of many made choice of the most noble; which was the schoole of the Acad [...]mie: where burying his bodie, we ordained, that the Athenians, [Page] should erect in his memoriall, a marble sepu [...]cher. You see then, how both before and af [...]er his death, I did him those offices, whereunto I was tied, both in respect of inward amitie, and by reason I had beene his Colleague in the Consulship. Farewell. From Athens, this last of May.

Cicero to Publius Nigidius Figulus. Epist. 13.

THE reason why I haue not written to you of long time, is first because I had no certaine subiect whereof to write; and secondly, because I could not vse those kinde of letters, which are ordinarie. For Fortune hath so taken from vs all kinde of cheerefull argument; that wee cannot onely not write, but not so much as thinke of any ioyfull matters. There remaines a kinde of writing, that's miserable and lamentable, and com [...]ormable to these times: this I want also. For when I should offer you assistance, and com [...]ort, I am able to offer you none For my selfe ouerwhelmed by the same stormes, am driuen to relie on others. And I lament more often, that I liue in this manner, then I ioy tha [...] I liue: for [Page] though I haue not particularly receiu'd any notorious iniurie by Fortune: and Caesar, without attending my supplication, hath conferred vpon mee, many reall fauours: yet haue I inwardly such discontentment, that mee thinkes I si [...]ne gri [...]uously in remaining aliue. For many of my familiar friends are by death taken away, and diuers for feare of the victor, are fled into sundrie countries. And, of all those friends, which ioyned with me, and you, in defence of the Common-wealth, I haue not one that suruiueth: and I am enforst to behold the ruine and rapine of their goods: neither do I onely heare, but to my extreame hea [...]t griefe I see, their substance ill dispos'd of, by whose ayde wee heeretofore extinguished the flames of the Common-wealth. And where wee had before, fauours, authoritie, and great glorie; now wee [...]inde no such matter: true it is, that wee enioy the grace and fauour of Caesar himselfe: but that can not preuaile, aboue the violent mutation of all things, and of the times. Being therefore de [...]titute of whatsoeuer I was accustomed vnto by nature, enclination, and vse; I am distastfull not onely to others, as I vnderstand, but to my selfe also. For being borne, to haue alwaies somewhat a foot, beseeming a man; now, I want not onely the meanes of employment, [Page] but euen to ruminate, how I might helpe any one: And whereas before, I was able to pleasure persons ignoble, yea, and the guiltie; now, to Publius Nigidius my deare friend, who heretofore was so highly honor'd, and who excells all men, both for learning, and pietie; I cannot so much as offer my assistance. It therefore re [...]aines, that I labour to comfort you, and remo [...]e from you with liuely reasons, that griefe which oppresseth your minde. But if any man be of true force to comfort, either you or any other, it is your selfe: whereupon, I will not touch that point, which containes in it learned, and exquisite reasons; But I will leaue it absolutely to your selfe. Obserue you, that, which is requisite for a valiant, and wise man, exacted at your hands by your grauitie, height of spirit, life past, the studies, and Sciences, which you euer prosecuted with singular commendation. I'le deliuer vnto you, what I can know, remaining in Rome, and therunto bending my minde, as I doe. I therefore affirme vnto you, that you shall not long dwell in these molestations, wherein at this present you are inuolued; but in those which also oppresse vs, I feare, you will euer continue. First of all I conceiue, that hee which beares all the sway, hath a very good opinion of you. This I write [Page] not without good ground. The lesse familiar I am with him, the more diligently I diue into his disposition. And therefore be secure, that he delaies your restitution for no other reason, but because hee would haue so much the iuster occasion, to denie their suits with whom hee is displeased. Besides, all his friends, I meane those in greatest opinion with him, stand greatly affected to your vertues, whereunto may bee added the peoples fauour vnto you, yea, and of all Rome besides. And moreouer the Common-wealth, which, to tell truth; at this instant, is but weake, (but of necessitie it must recouer it former abilitie) with the same strength it shall haue, will constraine her gouernours, to restore you to your countrie. I said in the beginning, that I could not offer you my endeauour, and yet now I'le presume to offer you it: for I will seeke by all ceremoniall obseruance, to gaine, and binde vnto me Caesars friends, who loue me well, and spend much time with me; and by all artificiall meanes, I will studie to insinuate my selfe into Caesars amitie; which hitherto hath beene denied me, through my ouer respectiue nature. In conclusion, take my faithfull promise, that I will leaue no waies vnattempted, by which I may thinke to compasse our ends: And in this I'le doe much more, then I [Page] dare to write. In all other occurrents command me, for you shall see mee exceed the loue of all your other friends and kindred. I haue nothing in the world, which you may not esteeme as well yours as mine owne; But of this I'le dilate no further, being desirous that you should hope rather to helpe your selfe with your owne; as I hope you shall. Nothing remaines, but to exhort, and intreate you, that you would arme your minde against Fortune: and remember not onely those things which you haue learned of other g [...]eat men, but also those which haue proceeded from your owne studie, and vnderstanding. Which doing, you shall relie on good hopes: and with fortitude ouercome any aduerse accident. But who is better acquainted with these reasons, then your selfe? I will enterprise any thing, whereby I may yeeld you assistance: and I will pr [...]serue in memorie the good: which you wrought for me in the vnfortunate time of my banishment. Farewell.

Cicero, to Cneius Plancius. Epist. 14.

I Receiued from you two letters, deliuered in Corcyra: in one of which [Page] you did c [...]ngratulate with me, for hauing vnderstood, that I still retained my [...]ormer dignitie. In the other you wished mee happie successe of the new marriage. And I affirme vnto you, th [...]t I hold my dignitie; if it may bee cal'd dignitie for a man [...]o c [...]rrie that minde towards the Common-wealth, which all honest men ought: but if dignitie consist, in effecting your vpright counsels and ends; or at least in defending [...]reely your opinions; there is not so much as the least appearance of dignitie; and 'tis no sm [...]ll matter, if we may gouerne our selues [...]o, that with patience we may wade through the torrent of euils, which partly threaten, and partlie lie vpon vs; which is very difficult in so miserable a war, whose ends threaten slaughter on the one side, and seruitude on the other. A midst which d [...]ungers I am much comforted, when I call to minde, that I fores [...]we these dread [...]ull calamities, euer since the time, that I feared not onely the victory of our enemies, but our owne also. For I saw, but too pl [...]inely, how daungerous that contestation would be, which propounded to it selfe, the Roman Empire for a reward. And admit they had vanquished, to whom through hope of peace, and no desire of warre I was lin [...]ed; yet I well vnderstood, how bloudie the victorie of enraged, [Page] ambit [...]ous, and insolent men would be: but if they had lost the day: how many great men, and e [...]cellent Cittizens would haue lost their liues. Who, when I lab [...]ured for peace, and laid open to them the miseries, which ciuil [...]warres produce, they supposed, that my exhortations proceeded rather from [...]ea [...]e then prudence. Whereas you reioyce for my new marriage, I know assuredly, that you affect my repose & quiet: but I had neuer taken any new course, in these so lamentable times, but that, at my returne I found mine owne estate, in as bad termes as the Common-wealth: For I was not secure vnder mine owne roofe: my whole house was full of entrappings and snares; I found gins laid euery where for me, euen by those, who for my singular benefits, should rather haue had a tender care, of my goods, and safetie. Whereupon I thought, by the trust of a new affinitie, to secure my selfe, from the perfidious practises of the olde: But enough hath beene said, concerning our affaires, and more peraduenture, then was requisite. As for yours, take a good heart, and feare no particular contrarietie: For ouercome who will, I see not how you runne into any great danger: Caesar, hauing alreadie as far I can conceiue, asswaged his anger towardes you; and the Pompeians hauing neuer [Page] hated you. Caesar I know, h [...]th receiued you into grace, and Pomp [...]ius neuer wished you [...]ll. For mine owne part, I promise you, that wherein soeuer I may doe you good, although [...]t this present, I see, I can pleasure you but little; yet will I striue, with endeuours and [...]ounsell, or at least, wi [...]h heartie affection and loue, to procure your profit, honour, and safet [...] I beseech you, aduertise me, of what soeuer you doe, or intend to doe, with expedition. Farewell.

Cicero to Cneius Plancius. Epist. 15.

I Receiued from you a very briefe letter, wherein I was not certified of that, that I desired to know: and haue vnderstood that, which before I knew very well. For I was not informed, how constantly you support, the common miseries; I plainly discern'd, how much you lou'd me: but this I knew before; if the other had beene knowne vnto me, I had beene furnished with matter to write of: But though heretofore by letter I exprest my mind vnto you; yet at this present likewise, I thought good to admonish you, that you would not thinke your selfe, to be at any worse [Page] poi [...]t [...]hen others. We are all in great danger, but the perill is common. Thi [...] disaster is vniuersall: you must not therefore shake it off, [...]or request, that, that be done for your selfe alone, which is denied all others. Let vs therfore still betweene vs retaine that minde, which we eu [...]r m [...]intain'd among our selues: whereof, I hope well on your behalfe; and for mine owne, I'le war [...]ant you Farewell.

THE FIFT BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Quintus Met [...]llus Celer, sonne of Quintus, Vice-consull, to Cicero. Epist. 1.

IF you be in health, I am very [...]lad [...] I s [...]ould n [...]uer h [...]u [...] [...]hought, that you [...]ad so lit [...]le est [...]med our mutua [...]l loue, and th [...] amit [...] [...]e [...]weene vs renued, that for a word only, you would s [...]eke the ruine of my brothe [...] M [...]ellu [...]; to whom some respect was du [...], if not fo [...] his owne sake, yet at least [...]or [...]he nobilitie of our [Page] familie, & [...]or the singular loue I beare, both to you, and the Common wealth. But now I both see him to be b [...]set with enemies; and small accompt to be made of my selfe, by him that had good reason to esteeme me. So that I, who haue charge of the Prouince, and Armie; I that am armed for your d [...]fence, am extreamely distrac [...]ed. And because you haue neither borne you as [...]quitie, nor as the clemencie of our predecessors required you; no maruaile thou [...]h hereafter you r [...]pent you. I did not beleeue, you could haue car [...]ied so mutable a minde, towards me, and mine: And yet your iniuries cannot be of so great efficacie, as to separate me from the Common-wealth. Farewell.

Cicero, to Quintus Metellus Celer; son to Quintus, Vice-Consull. Ep. 2.

IF you and the Armie bee safe, and in health: I am glad. You write vnto me, that for the mutuall loue, and late amity renewed betweene vs, you could neuer haue beleeued, that I should haue held you in so base an esteeme: by which words I know not, wha [...] you would infer: But I imagine, that it [Page] m [...]ght be reported vnto you, how I argu [...]ng in the Senate, vsed this speech; That many were greeued, because I had pres [...]rued the Common-wealth: and that your neere [...]t kinsmen, whom you could not well denie, wrought you [...]o farre, that you should not vrge my commenda [...]ion in the Senate, as bef [...]re you were resolued. In saying of which, I further added, that the office of preseruing the Common-wealth, was equ [...]lly diuided betwixt vs. For, I had defended Rome [...]rom domesticall practices, & from the treason of corrupt Citizens, and you, Italy, from the armed enemy, and priuie conspiracies: and that this our society, in so great & honourable an enterprize, was broken off, by your kindred: who tooke i [...] ill, that I, who had wonder [...]ully approu'd of you, in matters of so great importance, should be i [...] any par [...] by you recompenced. And declaring in [...]his dis [...]course, with what ioy I [...]tt [...]nd [...]d your praise, and approb [...]t [...]on; and how f [...]ustrate I rema [...]n'd o [...] that hop [...]; the Senators tooke con [...]entm [...]nt her [...]in, and began to smile; not [...]or [...]hat I [...]pak [...] of you, but because my expectat [...]on prou'd v [...]ine and [...]ru [...]tl [...]s [...]e: and be [...]ause openly, and sincerely, I reueal'd the desire I had, [...]o bee commended by you. I [...] cannot therefore in this be sayd, that I haue not honoured you, manifesting [Page] what contentment I should take, to heare your testimonie, adde greater grace to my renowned actions. Wheras you speake of mutuall loue, I know not how you vnderstand loue [...] but I suppose, that then it is tru [...]ly mutuall, when the one, and the other p [...]rty loues, with equall and ans [...]erable affection. If I should haue sayd, th [...] to doe you a fauour, I reno [...]n [...] my Prouince; you would rather h [...]u [...] thought mee vaine herein, then otherwi [...]e. For the renunciation was made, to giue my selfe satisfact [...]on, and euery day I am b [...]tt [...]r pleas [...]d therewith, then other. It is true, that in giuing it vp, I sought to haue it committed to you. I will no [...] men [...]ion the offices I did you, bef [...]re you were drawne by lot: on [...]ly, be as [...]ured of thus much, that my Colleague did nothing in it, wi [...]hout my priuitie. Remember you the rest: with what expedition, so soone as your lot was drawne, I as [...]embled the Sena [...]e on the selfe same day; how aboundantly I spake in your comm [...]ndation. Did [...]ot you once tell mee your selfe, that I did not onely commend you, but exalted your praise, with th [...] scorne and contempt of your Competitors? Besides, the decree, which past vp [...]n such an election that day from the S [...]na [...]e, will testifie my true loue towards you, so long as 'tis extant. And after you [Page] wen [...] into the P [...]ouince, I desire you would call to minde the fauours, that I did you, both in the Senate, and with the people; as also the letters I wrote vnto you. And when you haue collected all these things, consider I pray you, whether at your last returne to Rome, you requited so many good offices. Whereas you mention our renued amity, I know not herein your meaning, because you terme that renued, which neuer was altr [...]d. Whereas you write, that I haue done ill, hauing by one onely word, procured your brothers ruine; First, be assured, that I like wondrous well, this your zeale, and good will, accompanied with such vis [...]rall loue and affection to your brother: And then, if in any thing, for the respect of the Common-wealth, I haue beene opposite to your brother; I request you to p [...]rdon me; For, no man can loue the Common-wealth, better then my selfe: but if I defended my reputation, from his violent passion towards mee; i [...] may suffice you, that I neuer complained to you, of the iniury hee did m [...]e: who, because I knew, that he prepared, and disposed the whole power of his Tribuneship to my destruction: I besought Claudia your wife, and Mucia your sister, whose good opinion towards me, I discouered in many things, for the [Page] amities sake betwixt me and Pompeius, that they would diuert him from so wicked a determination. But hee, notwithstanding I had been Consul, & had preserued the Commonwealth, did me such an iniury, as was neuer offred to any Magistrate, of what mean rank soeuer; nor to the worst Citizen. For, at the last of December, as peraduenture you haue heard, he prohibited me, in the resignation of my Consulship, to giue account vnto the people of my proceedings: which iniurie notwithstanding, at last redounded to my great honour. For, hee permitting me no further intimation, then mine oath; I swore aloud, and the people with a loud voyce, and to my great glory, swore likewise, that mine oath was most true. Hauing receiued this grosse disgrace; yet the same day, I sent to Metellus, those that were friends to vs both; requesting him to remoue that resolution, he had vndertaken against me; To whom he made answer, That it was not in his power: because, speaking to the people, he had formerly implyed, that there was no reason, that he should haue authoritie giuen him to speake, who would not grant the same to others, but had punished them, without permitting them lawfull plea. Oh, what a graue Gentle-man, and braue Citizen was this! who, though I had deliuered the [Page] Senate from death, Rome from combustion, and Italy from war, thought mee worthy of that punishment, which the Senate, out of the consent of all good men, had inflicted vpon them, who meant to set Rome on fire; hew the Magistrates & Senators in peeces; and to haue rais'd vp, a most bloudy or cruell war. Vpon this, I oppos'd my selfe to your brother, who was present. For, the first of Ianuary, I so buckeld with him in the occasions of the Common-wealth, as hee might perceiue, I wanted neither courage, nor constancie. And afterwards on the third of the same moneth, hee hauing conuocated the people, in the beginning of his Oration, he went about to depraue mee, naming, and threatning me euery third word, with full resolution, vtterly to sinke mee; not by way of Iustice, or equitie, but by bitter violence, and passionate outrage. Whose temeritie, if I had not stou [...]ly withstood; who would not haue thought, that in my Consulship, I shewed resolution, rather out of the benefit of my Fortunes, then either for vertue, or fortitude of mind: If you neu [...]r perceiu'd how ill Metellus stood affected to mee; this may bee an euident signe, that he little esteemes you; neuer writing vnto you, of a matter of so great importāce. But if he did impart his minde vnto you, you sho [...]ld thinke [Page] me very milde, and tractable, in that I neuer complain'd therof to you, though I had all the reasons [in the world] to doe it. For, not onely in words, as yo [...] write, but with all manner of iniuries, he labour'd to persecute me. Now, obserue my humanitie, if it may be termed humanitie, when a man does not onely suppresse the choler of his mind [...] but further humbleth himself, to his enemie. I, though your brother had shamefully iniuried me, yet neuer shew'd my [...]elfe to him, otherwise then fauorable. And, whensoeuer his name came in question in the Senate; I alwaies ioyn'd with them in opinion, that proceeded mildly with him. Neither content with this; although hee were mine enemie: yet in that hee was your brother. it did not onely displease mee, but further, I wrought by al my means, and power, that the decree enacted against him, might be cancell'd. So, as I oppos'd not your brother; but I haue resisted your brother, neither was I towards you, mutable, as you write; but so constant, that I haue perseuer'd in louing you, though you gaue me occasion to the contrarie. As also at this present, though you write to mee after a threatning manner, yet will I not complaine. Because I doe not onely pardon, but highly commend your passion [...] naturall affection intimating [Page] in this, of what force brotherly loue is. But yet I entreat you, that you will also truely waigh my passion; allowing, that if your friends did bitterly, and with cruelty, persecute me without cause; I ought in this case, nor onely, not to giue them place, but make my repai [...]e to you for aid; and make vse of the power, as well of your selfe, as of the whole Armie, vnder you. I euer desir'd to haue you my friend, as likewise, I haue omitted no endeauour, whereby it might appeare, that I was not your friend onely, but your most louing friend. My heart is now, that which it euer was, and so shall continue, so long as you please: and if the hatred that I deferuedly beare to your bro [...]her, can any whit extenuate the loue be [...]wixt vs; I will hereafter forb [...]are to hate him, l [...]ast it be an occasion, that I bee no [...] beloued. Farewell.

Quintus Met [...]llus Nepos, to Cicero. Epist. 3.

YOur mani [...]old courtesies worke so with mee, that I giue no credit to tho [...]e di [...]honest repo [...]ts, which this impor [...]a [...]e [...] sends vnto me. Neither [...] I [...] account of such like [...], by [...] their leuity: and [Page] freelie taking your selfe in his stead, I accept you for my brother: imagining that he is no more liuing amongst men: Though twice I haue sau'd him, whether hee would or no. Touching my selfe, and the things I haue effected, I will write thereof at large to Lollius, not to be burdensome vnto you, with so many letters. You shall know my minde by him, about the state of this Prouince: Let mee intreate you, if it bee possible to continue the same loue, towards me, that you alwaies bare me. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Metellus Nepos Consul. Epist. 4.

THE letters of Quintus my brother, & of Titus P [...]mponius, my inward friend, so rais'd my hopes, as I expected aide, no lesse from you, then from your Colleague: Whereupon I wrote vnto you, conformable to the state wherein I stood, giuing you thankes for what you had he [...]etofore done, and requesting you, heereafter neuer to faile mee. After this, my friends not onely wrote vnto me, but many that came hither, reported it by word of mouth, that your affection towards me was alter'd which was the cause, I would presume [Page] no mo [...]e to write, because I would not bee irkesome, nor troublesome vnto you. Now, my brother Quintus aduertising mee, how exceeding kindelie you spake of mee in the Senate, I thought it but my dutie, and most requisite, to thanke you againe for the loue, which still you manifest vnto me. But if I shall not wrong your curtesie, I would intreate you, that you would preserue your friends, and me also, rather then by their arrogancie, and crueltie, to oppose mee: you haue ouercome your selfe, in pardoning the Commonwealth your priuate enmities, and will you foster other mens [rancors] against her? I giue you my faithfull promise, that if out of your clemencie you lend me your aide, in all occasions I will rest at your command: but if you permit the Senate, people, and Magistra [...]es to be crosse, in reuoking me out of this vnworthie banishment, wherein I was driuen, by wicked violence, not onelie to my owne, but to the ruine of the Commonwealth: remember, that you may heereafter desire to suc [...]our vs both at such a time, when no means is left, eithe [...] for her escape, or my safetie. Farewell.

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Cicero to Caius Antonius, sonne to Marcus Imperator. Ep. 5.

THough I resolu'd not to write any thing vnto you, but by way of recommending some Friend; not because I knew my commendations would take any great place with you, but that they who entreated me, might perceiue, that our [...]riendship was no whit impaired; yet when Titus Pomponius was comming towards you, who better knowes then any other, what I haue desired, and effected in your behalfe; and doth besides long to gratifie you; and bear [...]s me singular affection: I thought good to write vnto you; especially not being able to satisfie Pomponius in any other wise. If I should say, that you were much bound vnto mee, I should not lie; hauing euer procured your benefit, honor, and reputation; whereas your selfe can t [...]uely testifie, that you neuer did mee any fauour: rather you haue sometimes sought to hurt mee, for as much as I haue vnderstood from many: For I [...]le not affi [...]me, that my selfe euer found it: not to vse the very same word accidentallie, with which they say, you were wont to picke qu [...]rrels wi [...]h mee. But I meane not to w [...]ite that vnto you, [Page] which hath be [...]ne reported to me: I'le leaue it [...]or Pomponius to deliuer vnto you; who apprehended the same discontentment which I did. The Senate and people of Rome, are witnesses of the notable offices which I haue per [...]ormed for your honour: whither you euer recompenst mee in any part, none knowes better then your selfe. How farre you may command me, l [...]t others giue their censure: whatsoeuer I did for your sake, I did it first out of mine owne disposi [...]ion, and then to be reputed constant. But now I giue you to vnderstand, that such an occasion prepares it selfe, that I must needes with greater zeale doe my endeauour. And I will bend my selfe throughly thereunto, so I finde not my paines, and trauell lost; for in this case, you your selfe would hold me for a foole. Pom [...]ponius will informe you wherein my helpe is so importing, the which Pomponius, though I am confident, you will doe any thing for his sake, neuerthelesse I comm [...]nd him to you: And if any of the loue remaine with you, that heeretofore you bare me, I pray you demonstrate it to me wholly in his person; You cannot doe mee a more acceptable office then this. Farewell.

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Cicero to Publius Sextius, sonne to Lucius Quaestor. Epist. 6.

DEcius the Notarie, came and entreated me, that at this present I would preuent that any man should be allotted to succeed you. I, [...]lthough I had the best opinion of him, that could bee had of one of his condition: and tooke him [...]or your [...]riend; ye [...], calling to minde what you wrote vnto me, not m [...]ny daies before, I thought it hard to beleeue, that you should haue changed resolution: neither would I [...]tand to his meere word, although I tooke him for a discre [...]te and modest person. But after Cornelia your wife spake with Terentia, and Quintus Corne [...]ius certified me thereof: I was carefull to bee present in the Senate, as oft as it sate. And concerning your desire, to remaine still in the Prouince, I had much a doe to make Quintus Fusius, Tribune of [...]he people, and the rest to beleeue it, to whom a little befor [...], as also to mee, you had written the contrarie. The affaires of the Prouinces were d [...] f [...]rred till Ianuarie, but notwithstanding, at that time, wee hoped [...]o obtaine our purpose. [...]he kinde office you did me, in wri [...]ing, that you desire, my [Page] buying of Crassus house, might proue fortunate vnto me: was an occasion, that not long a [...]ter, I bought it for an hundred, and fiue thousand crownes: so that I feele such a burden of debt vpon my shoulders, that I could wish, to enter into some conspiracie, so they would accept of mee. But the hatred they beare me is so great, as they offer mee repulse, and malice me openly, as the cause of their ruine: besides they are not confident, and are afraid, that I lay some snares for them; not beleeuing, that I can want money, who freed the vsurers, from their violence. In truth, I am reputed for that cause, a sufficient man: and there are som [...], that lend freely for sixe in the hu [...]d [...]ed. I went to see your house, and bu [...]lding, which I thought in euery part verie faire. I haue defended Antonius in the Senate house, with the greatest seruencie, and care I could; and by my speech and authoritie I haue much drawne the Senate to fauour him: I would not faile him: though for some offices past, 'tis well knowne, how ill hee hath requited me. I pray you, write o [...]ten to me. Farewell.

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Cicero to Cneius Pompeius magnus, sonne to Cneius. Ep. 7.

I And all men else, tooke great d [...]light in the letters, which you w [...]ote to the Senate; For you giue so much hope of a secure state, as putting my trust wholly in you, I haue alwaies promised to euery one. But on the contrarie, those your old enemies, who were become your new friends, hearing the newes of your victorie, remain'd amazed, and astonished; seeing thems [...]lues frustrated of [...]he hope, they had, [...]o come to the glorie of so noble an ent [...]rprize. The letters you wrote vnto me, though they containe but little demonstration, of your loue towards me, were neuerthelesse very deare vnto me. For I neuer reioyce more at any thing, then I doe when I vnderstand, t [...]at I [...]aue discharg'd my dutie [...]: and, if aft [...]rwards any man in [...]ffects bee not answerable, I am glad, that I rest superior in courtesie. I make no doubt, but the Common-wealth will reconcile ioyne, and binde vs together; [...]hough my aff [...]ction towards you, which in many resp [...]cts you m [...]y haue deseru'd, were not sufficient to make mee enioy your loue [...]nd fauour. And bec [...]u [...]e you may know, what I wou [...]d haue h [...]d y [...]u [Page] written to me, I will tell i [...] you plainely, both as my nature and our Amitie requireth. I haue compassed matters of such qualitie, as I firmely bel [...]eued that you would reioyce with me; being bound thereunto, first, in r [...]spect of your countrie, and then in consideration of our friendship. But I imagine you forbare the doing of such an office, for feare of offending some man. Though I assure you, ther's none but commends that, which I affected for the sa [...]etie of my countrie. And when you come, you shall vnderstand, that I bare my selfe therein with so much iudgement, and greatnesse of minde, that you will not esteeme my amitie contemptible; perceiuing by the effects, that as you are far greater, then euer was Scipio Africanus, so I am not inferior much to Lelius. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Licinius Crassus, sonne to Marcus. Ep. 8.

I Know that all your friends haue written to you, with what endeuour, and affection, I haue defended, and augmented your dignitie. For I haue trauail'd in such sort, that they m [...]y very well perceiue, the desire I h [...]u [...] to pleasure you. I haue so bandied with the [Page] Consuls, and many Consular personages, as I neuer was so feruent in pleading any thing: and I haue vndertaken to defend your honour, in all occasions, that hence-forward shall pres [...]nt themselues: to pay what I owe to our auncient amitie; as now I doe, and would haue done before, if a certaine qualitie of the times, being opposite to my desire, had not hindred me. And truely I was euer readie in heart, to honour and pleasure you: but it f [...]ls out, that some men, [...]nemies, and enuious of others praise, like a pestilence, infecting and corrupting our friendship, haue procured, that for a time, there passed not betwixt vs, any great effects of loue: and to recouer in part, that time, I might well desire, but n [...]uer hope, [...]or so fit an occasion, as at this present is: Fortune affording me a meanes, not onely to sh [...]w vnto you, my true and constant loue, but to shew it you, in the gr [...]atest height of your felicitie. Wherin my h [...]p hath beene so fauourable, that not onely your familie, but all Rome discernes, me to be your verie friend. And now, your wife, amongst other matrones the chiefest; and your obedient, and valorous sonnes, are gouern'd according to my precepts, and instructions; making vse of me in their op [...]ortunities: And the Senate, and people of Rome, see manifestly, that in [Page] this your absence, you haue not a friend, that more zealouslie procureth your honour then my selfe. I care not to giue you adue [...]tisement, of such things as haue ensued, and daily fall out, for you [...] friends will write to you thereof. For my selfe, be ass [...]red, that when I vndertooke to honour and obserue you, I was mooued thereto out of no suddaine desire, nor accidentallie: but so soone as I entred into businesses, I alwayes had this end, to anneere my selfe as much as I could to your friendship. Since which time, I cannot remember, that I haue not daily more and more, obseru'd, and esteem'd you; and that you neither loued, nor accepted of me. And if at some times, no bad effects, but some dislike hath growne betweene vs, this occurring through [...]alse suggestions, and of no moment, I would haue the memoriall of that time, so to be rooted out of our memorie, tha [...] it may neue [...] grow againe. For you are, and I desi [...]e to be such a man, as I hope our inward friendship, shall be praise-worthie in either of vs, both of vs lighting on the selfe same times of the Common-wealth. You may make that ac [...]ompt of me, which best pleaseth you; but yet I thinke you'le value me no lesse, then belongs to my place. Howsoeuer, I promise, and make offer of my selfe, in so much as I shall be able [Page] to effect any thing for your benefit. And though in this, I should haue many competitors, neuerthelesse I'le giue that triall of my selfe, as they shall all remaine vanquished; offering to stand to any mans iudgement, especially of Marcus, and Publius your sonnes: the which, though they be both, deare to me, yet I am somewhat more affected to Publius; because not on [...]ly at this present, but [...]uen from his childhood, he hath alwayes lou'd and reuerenced me as a Father. Suppose these l [...]tters to be in stead of a league, not of an Epistle: and be secure, that I will most religiously obserue, and performe, whatsoeuer now I promise you: And I will euer discharge the same office that I perform'd in your absence, in defence of your digniti [...]; first because I am your friend, and then, because I would not appeare variable or inconstant. I will not therefore be longer. Onely I affirme vnto you, that whensoeuer of my sel [...]e I finde I haue abilitie to doe any thing, which may procure you satisfaction, ben [...]fit, or reputation, I will of mine owne accord doe it. And in what I cannot find [...] out, if I but vnde [...]stand it from you, or yours, I will so worke, that [...]ou s [...]all rest contented, in hauing mo [...]ed me. I beseech you therefore imploy me in any occasion of yours, how little or great, or indifferent so [...]uer it [Page] [...] write to your fri [...]nds, that they [...] my e [...]deuour, aduise, authori [...]ie, and [...]uour, i [...] publique or p [...]uate occ [...]s [...]on [...], eith [...]r iudiciall, or domesticall: [...]f your owne, or of your fri [...]nds; to the end that my care [...] may diminish as faire as is pos [...]ible, their d [...]sire of your owne presence. Farew [...]ll.

Publius Vati [...]ius Imperator, to his friend Cicero. Ep. 9.

IF you be in health, I am pleas [...]d, my selfe am in health. If you t [...]e vpon you m [...]ns defence, as your custome was: Pub [...]ius V [...]inius, hauing n [...]ed o [...] defence, ha [...]h recourse to your protection. I hope that you will n [...]t refuse me in matters, wherin my honor is touch't, hauing accepted of me in those which lesse imported. And whom should I rather choose or call vnto in my de [...]nce, then him vnder whose protectiō, I haue beene accustomed to [...]uercome? should I peraduenture fe [...]re, that you, who for my saf [...]ty expos'd your selfe agai [...]st [...]he violence of mightie persons, are not now able to ressi [...]t, the bad and wicked practises of some, who are as vo [...]d [...] of force, as fraught wi [...] [...]? wherefore, if you loue me, as y [...]u were wont; [Page] embra [...]e me, and prepare your selfe, to defend my reputation against such as these. You know that my fortune, [...] cannot tell [...]ell [...] manner, easily findes adue [...]saries, not vpon my dem [...]rit: but what auailes that, if i [...] happen by my vnluckie fortune? I pray you, if any man would wrong my reputation, forget not your old custome, and make manifest vnto me your court [...]ous disposition, as euer you haue done, since first I came into this gouernment. I send vnto you a coppie of the letter, which I sent vnto the Senate, by way of aduertisement, of things by me atchieued. 'Tis told me, that a seruant of yours, is run from you, and that now, he is amongst the Vardaei, whereof you wrote nothing to me; notwithstanding I haue commaunded him to be searcht for, by sea and land; and I'le finde him you out howsoeuer, except he be fled into Dalmatia: from whence I'le fetch him too, at last. Loue me and Farewell. In the Campe at Narona, this xiij. of Iulie.

Publius Vatinius Imp [...]rator, to his friend Cicero. Ep. 10.

FOr [...]our Dionisius, though I haue sought much, yet hithe [...]to can I not finde the trace of him; and the lesse, because [Page] the cold hath here also in such sort increased, that it hath driuen me out of Dalmati [...]: neuerthelesse, I will so vse the matter, that I will get him at length. I peruse [...], what you wrote vnto me about C [...]t [...]lius, Out alas! what is that you d [...]mand of me? how happens it, that you alway [...]s seeke impossibilities at my h [...]nd? I would I could doe euery th [...]ng [...]or you; and our f [...]end, [...]extus Ser [...]ilius; but I [...]ust tell you [...]eely, that I wonder much, that you defend such men, and accept of such like causes. This Catilius is the bloudiest fellow that liues: how many Gentlemen, how many honest matrones, how many Citizens of Rome, hath he slaine, and made slaues? how many Countries hath he destroyed? This b [...]utish creature, a man of no esteeme, was so presumptuous, as to contend wi [...]h me, and I tooke him in warre: I could wish, to pardon him for your sake, but how shall I answer them, that cry out, and complaine, that he hath taken away their goods, rifled their ships, and murdered their brothers, child [...]en, and progenitors. W [...]re I as brasen fac'd as Appius, in whose place I was subst [...]uted, I could doe no lesse then punish him: yet I'le do what I can, to content you. Quintus V [...]lusius your disciple, de [...]ends h [...]m: if he can peraduenture, satisfie his aduersaries; I would, perhaps, release him. I pray, [Page] affoord me all your helpe, wherein you see me to stand in ne [...]d [...] doth me great wrong, in not moouing the Senate, that I may be graun [...]ed my sute, for the ha [...]pie successe the gods gaue me in this warre of Dalmatia: as if I had not performed matters worthie of triumph, much more of obtaining a sute: If he stay while I haue ended the whole warre, I shall be worse entreated then others, who haue serued in the warres for [...]he Common-wealth. There remaines yet, twentie old townes of Dalmatia, which haue vnited themselues, with aboue threescore.

AFter my sutes were commenced, I went into Dalmatia. Six townes I haue taken by force: and there is this alone remaining, which is very great, taken heretofore by me foure times: For I haue taken, foure towers, foure wals, and all the Castle. From which, the snow, raine, and cold haue driuen me: and through my euill hap, I was enforced to leaue the foresaid towne, the warre b [...]ing finished. Whereupon I pray you, if need be, to fauou [...] me with Caesar, and to defend me in what shall be requisite; with co [...]stant opinion, that you haue not a be [...]ter friend then my [...]lfe. Farewell. The f [...]r of September, from Narona.

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Cicero to Publius Vatinius. Epist. 11.

I Wonder not, though you accept so well of mine offices, hauing euer knowne you amongst others, for a most thankfull man: and I neuer forbare to publish it. For I haue not onely receiued thankes from you; but haue beene also plentifully requited. Wherupon in all your other occasions, you shall finde mee ready to pleasure you. Wheras you commend vnto me, Pompeia, your wife, a most noble Gentlewoman: hauing perused your letters, I presently spake with our friend, Sura, to tell her in my behalfe, that she should make me acquainted, what shee stood in need of; for I would willingly pleasure her. And I promise you to doe it, and if it be needfull, I'le goe in person to visit her. Neuerthelesse, I would that you should write vnto her, that she will esteeme nothing so great, or so trifling, that I shall thinke either too difficult, or vnbeseeming me. Whatsoeuer I can doe for you, will seeme easie, and conformable to my dignitie. If you wish mee well, procure that Dionysius may returne. Whatsoeuer you promise him, I'le performe: but if he will needs be a knaue, you shall lead him prisoner [Page] in triumph. I beshrew these Dalmatians, that put you to so much trouble. But, as you write, in short time you will bring them in, and they will illustrate your victories. For they were euer reputed warlike. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, son to Quintus. Epist. 12.

I Determine freely, to open my minde vnto you by letters, which doe not blush; seeing in presence I neuer durst doe it, through a certaine modes [...]y, I cannot say, but rather a rudenesse. I haue a wonderfull desire, and except I be deceiued, very commendable; tha [...] you would be pleased to celebrate my name, with the publication of your compositions: the which, though many times you told me, you would doe; yet I would haue you pardon mee, though I solicite you thereunto: For the [...]orme of your writing, which I euer thought would bee excellent, goes beyond my expectation, and hath so won mee, that I am surprized with an exceeding desire, that my acts atchieud, may be written with your pen. Because I doe no [...] onely hope, that death it selfe shall not [...]xtinguish the memoriall of my [Page] name; but further, in life I desire to enioy that reputation, which may accrew vnto me by your testimony; and to taste that sweetnesse, which I shall finde, seeing my selfe to be praised, and beloued, by one of your qualitie. And though I know how much you are employed: neuerthelesse, in that I see, you haue now finished the historie of the Italian, and ciuill warre: and you told me you pro [...]ected the rest; I would not omit for mine own sake, to admonish you, that you would bethink your selfe, whether you would connex our proceedings with others; or else to doe, as many Graecians haue done, Calistines the Troian war; Timaeus that of Pyrrhus; and Polybius the warre of Numantia: all which, diuided the foresaid wars; so you also might separate the ciuill conspiracie, from the wars externall. I see not certainely, that it greatly imports my commendation; yet respecting my great desire, surely it imports, that you doe not obserue the order of times, but that you rather anticipate, & first make mention of my actions. And withall, if you employ your wit vpon one subiect onely, and about one person; me thinkes I foresee, how much more copious and more adorned, the discourse wil proue in euery part. Neither am I so barren of vnderstanding, but that I perceiue, how impudent I am; First, in imposing [Page] vpon you such a burden (which, in respect of your imployments, you might well refuse:) and then, to importune you, that you would commend me; in that you may thinke peraduenture I deserue it not. But hauing once begun to exceed the bounds of modestie, wee must absolutely laie aside all bashfulnesse. And therefore I request you earnestly, to set forth mine actions, and that with greater lustre, then peraduenture, you iudge to stand with their merit: and that you will not tye your selfe to the lawes of Historie, but to the desert of our friendship: which, I desire, should preuaile further with you in this; then truth. And because heretofore, you wrote, in a certaine Proeme, and indeed ingeniously, that euen as that Hercules in Xenophon, would not be mou'd a whit at the allurement of pleasures: so no respect of amitie should stir you. Now, [...]or my contentment, I would haue you alter your minde, and in regard of our loue, that you would applie your selfe, to satisfie me in this request. And if (as I d [...]sire) you resolue to collect a memoriall of my proceedings, and to comprehend them distinc [...]ly in one volume: it would bee a subiect, in my opinion, verie worthie of your eloquence. For, beginning from that time, that the conspiracie gr [...]w, and prosequuting euen to [Page] that [instant] when I return'd from banishment; you shall meet with so many accidents worthy of historie, as compiling them all together, you wil make vp a reasonable volume. And in this, you may make vse of the knowledge you haue, of the ciuill alterations, relating partly, the originall of discords, partly shewing the remedies against future mischeefes: discommending withall, things blame-worthy, and praising the cōmendable, with such reasons, as you iudge fittest. And if you would follow your wonted custom of speaking freely; you may note, many mens perfidious proceedings, plots, & trecheries against me. Withall, my disasters will minister vnto you great variety in writing, carying such a kind of contentment, as will inuite mē to read forward. For, nothing is more apt to delight the Readers, then the variety of times, & seuerall mutations of Fortune. The which, though in their triall, we found them troublesom, yet are we not sorry, to see them written. For, the secure remembrance of troubles past, bringeth contentment & others, that neuer sustain'd any greefe of their owne, reading the molestations of other men, without agreeuance, they feele a kind of compassion, which replenisheth the minde, with acceptable delight. Which of vs feeles not, both contentment, and compassion, [Page] when he reads the death of that Epaminondas, who was slaine before Mantinea? where hee commanded, that the weapon which wounded him to death, should then bee taken out of his bodie, when hee heard, that his shield was in safe keeping: and hauing heard thus much, contemning the extreme paine of his wound, in full contentment, he finished his daies, with a noble death. Which of vs reads not, with admirable a [...]tention, the flight, and returne o [...] Themistocles? 'Tis true, that a continued historie seemes much to delight; because it orderly representeth the successe of things past [...] but a distinct Narration, wherein men may obserue, the variable and doubtfull accidents, of some excellent man, carries with it, both wonder, and expectation; ioy, & sorrow; hope, and feare: and, if the end be remarkable, in reading it, wee attaine to the height of contentment. Wherefore, it will please me the better, if you resolue to distinguish this tale (as I may terme it) of our affaires, and successes, from the continued course o [...] your writings: which containes in it, diuers enterprizes, and many effects, both of counsels, and of the times. Neither will I beleeue, that it should breed any suspition in you, that I goe about to creepe into you, by way of flattery; though I shew so ardent a desire, to bee [Page] by you celebrated. For, you are not a man, that's ignorant of your selfe. And who reputes them not rather enuious, which admire you not, then those flatterers, that doe praise you? Neither am I so foolish, to bee celebrated and eternized by one, who by celebrating mee, may not also himselfe purchase a particular renowne for his wit, and learning. That so famous a Captaine, Alexander, would onely be drawne by Apelles, and grauen by Lysippus: and hee did it not, bec [...]use he would win their loue, by the Art of assentation; but because hee saw, that Apelles picture, and the sculpture of Lysippus, would make their names renowned, and bring to hi [...] selfe also, no small reputat [...]on. Although th [...]se Artificers, by th [...]r mysterie, repr [...]sent nothing, but the forme of the bodie, shewing vs their corporeall image, whom we neuer saw: but whosoeuer is celebrated for laudable actions, without helpe of images, he liues of himselfe, and shall liue for euer in the memorie of men. And we se [...] that Spartan Agesilaus hath no lesse fame, who neuer would bee either drawne, or grauen; then they, that were very carefull herein: For, one little Pamphlet onely of Xenophons, written in commendation of that King, hath far surmounted all the pictures, and statues, that euer were. And the contentment [Page] of my minde, and the reputation of my name will be the greater, if I bee mentioned in your writings, rather then of any other. Because I shall not onely he [...]ein haue your wit fauourable to me, as Tim [...]leon had that of Timaeus, and Themistocles, that of Herodotus; but further, the authoritie of so honourable a person, and so well knowne in the important seruices of the Common-wealth. So, as it will see me, that I haue not onely found that shrill trumpet, which Alexander, when he came to Sigaeum, said that Homer resounded in honour of Achilles; but withall, the serious testimonie of a great, and reputed m [...]n I like that Hector well, whom N [...]uim b [...]ings in, who reioyced not so much, for that he was praised, but hee addes, by a praise worthie man. And, if I obtaine not this fauour from you; that is, if by reason of any businesse of your owne, you shall not haue time herein to content me, (for, in matters possible, I suppose, you would grant my request) I shall peraduenture bee vrged to doe that, which many are wont to reprehend: for I will write of my selfe, after the example, notwithstanding, of many famous men. But you know, that in this part, many respects must be considered. They must write sparingly of themsel [...]es, if they haue done any thing worthy of praise, & omit those things, [Page] which de [...]erue blame. Whereunto wee may adde, that the writings purchase neither credit, nor authoritie; and finallie diuers discommend this manner of writing, saying, that in Greece, the proclaimers of the Gyminician games, vsed greater modestie: who though they haue set the crownes on the heads, of the other Conquerors, and with a loude voice, publis [...]ed their names; yet when themselues before the games be ended, are crowned, they cause another to come to diuulge them: because they will not publish their owne victories. I desire to auoide this taxation, and will shunne it, if you grant me my request; and I entreate you heerein to satisfie me. And to the end, you may not wonder, why I vse such earnest and long suite, or entreatie to you for it, y [...]u hauing o [...]ten informed me, that with all diligence, you would compound a worke of my actions: I tell you, as I did in the beginning, that I heerein sollicite you, for no other respect, but because, I would by all meanes, that other men should know mee by your bookes before I die; and that w [...]ile I liue, I m [...]y enioy the fruite of my glorie. If conueniently you can, I should bee glad, you would returne me an answer. And if you determine, to take in hand this task [...], I will make an abstract, of mine [Page] owne proceedings. But if you put mee off till another time, I will not doe it, but reserue my selfe, while I speake with you thereof. Prosequute in the meane while, the historie you haue begunne, and perseuer in louing me. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, sonne to Quintus. Epist. 13.

THough the comfort, which your letters bring me, is most acceptable, because it demonstrates, sincere loue, ioyned with singular prudence: neuerthelesse I reaped thereby, a farre greater benefit, hauing discern'd with what fortitude you contemne humane things; how well you are arm'd; and furnished, against the cruell assaults of Fortune. And questionlesse, hee may bee reputed wiser then all others, who is not gouerned; but gouernes Fortune; trusting onlie in himselfe, and of himselfe onely depending. This opinion I was euer of; and though it were well setled, and engrauen in my minde: notwithstanding the violence of vnhappie times, and the perpetuall shakings of aduersitie, haue somewhat displa'ct it, & made it almost to be forgotten. But now by your last letters, [Page] I see you haue replanted it; and likewise, more by those, which to such a purpose you did write vnto mee, not long before. And therefore it is needfull that I speake not once alone, but often, and much [...] and that I assure you, that there is no iewell so precious, which I hold not base, in respect of your letters. And though those reasons, which with an artificiall forme, and in great abundance you haue collected, are of a wonderfull power to comfort; yet nothing hath more comforted me, then the constancie, and grauitie of your minde; the which in these your letters, I haue perceiued as in a looking glasse: and so much I prize it, as I am asham'd, I doe not imitate the same. I tell you more, that I hold my selfe more resolute then you, who talkes so much to me of forti [...]ude. For you seeme to haue some hope of better fortune, in that by diuers reasons you seeke to intimate vnto mee, that wee should not esteeme the Common-wealth so weakned, but that shee may rise againe; as we see, that one Fencer ouerthrowne by another, oftentimes recouers; ther [...]ore no maruaile, though you bee resolute, relying vpon some hopes: but yet I wonder, how you should haue any hope remaining. Tell me? What doe you see, which is not altogether wasted, and consumed? [Page] Consider all the members of the Commonwealth, which are well knowne vnto you. Surely you cannot finde one which is not batter'd and broken: which things I would reherse yet further, if I knew them better then you; or if I could relate them withou [...] griefe: although according to the precepts you set downe, wee should whollie driue away, and banish all griefe. Whereupon I will support priuate discommodities, as you iudge them; and common, with greater [...]ortitude then your selfe, who exhorts mee to suffer them. For, you are eased by some hope, as you write; bu [...] mine is the greater constancie, being supported by no hope at all And as you friendly aduise and put mee in minde, I will comfort my selfe, with thinking how much I euer loued the Common-wealth, and by reducing those times to memorie, In which I together with your selfe, so greatly assisted her; I hauing done fo [...] my countri [...], no lesse questionles, then what I ought to doe: certainelie more, then was expected from any mans counsell, or courage whatsoeuer. Pardon me, if a little I commend my selfe. For, speaking of those things, on which for the ease of my minde you wish me to meditate, my griefe is made much lesser. And to obserue you, so fa [...]re as I am able, I will winde my selfe from cares [Page] and passions, and I will returne to the studie of the Sciences; which in flourishing Fortune are an ornament, and in miserie a comfort; and I will remaine with you, so long as either of our ages, or health shall permit mee: and if we cannot bee together as wee would, yet the similitude of our studies, will make vs such a connexion of minde, that we shall neuer seeme to be wholly separated. Farewell.

Lucius Lucceius, son of Quintus, to Cicero. Epist. 14.

IF you bee in health, I am glad. I remaine as I was wont, and also somewhat worse then vsually. I haue many times enquired of you, desirous to see you; and I wondred as still I doe, how you can be so long out of Rome. I know not vndoubtedlie the cause, that detaines you so farre from vs. If you loue solitarinesse, for the better commoditie of writing, as you were wont to do; I am glad, and reprehend not your course; knowing that there can bee no greater delight; not onely in these miserable, and vnhappie; but also in peaceable, and quiet times; and especiallie to your minde: which being now wearie, [Page] affects repose, after so manie agitations: and being replenished with Science, sends abroad dailie, some goodlie fruite, which pleaseth others, and augments your owne glorie. But if you haue giuen ouer your selfe in praie, as when you were heere, to sorrow and teares: I am sorrie for your griefe, and for your affliction. And if you'le giue me leaue to tell you my opinion, I cannot but reprehend you. Alas! what meanes this? will you alone, not discerne, manifest, and apparant things, who with the pregnancie of your wit, can discouer the most hidden? will not you vnderstand, that continuall lamenta [...]ion helpes nothing? will not you remember, that calamities are rather redoubled, which your wisdom would haue you to expell out of your minde? But if by waie of exhortation I can worke nothing with you, I request you by the loue you beare me, to free your selfe from these molestations, and returne to liue with vs, and to our common studies, or else to your owne, for you studie more then others. I am distracted with two contrarie things: I would not be burdensome to you, wi [...]h these my admonishments: and I would perswade you to giue ouer, the resolution you haue vndertaken. I beseech you, either in the one to follow my directions, or in the other not to trouble your selfe. Farewell.

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Cicero to Lucius Lucceius, sonne to Quintus. Epist. 15.

THE absolute loue you beare mee, appeares in euerie part of the letters which I last receiued from you. Of which loue though I was most assured before now; yet this demonstration was beyond measure acceptable to me; I would saie pleasing, but that I thinke I haue lost this word for euer: and not for the occasion you imagine, and in which, vsing most sweet and friendlie words, in effect, you grieuouslie reprehend me; but because for that deepe wound I cannot finde that cure, which may heale it. Alas! I praie tell mee? can I runne vnto my Friends? Where are they? you know of whom I speake; for wee haue found them common to vs both. Others, you know are dead; and others obdurate in their wil, neuer to come to Rome, liue in a remote countrie. I could willingly liue with you, and exceedinglie desire it: and, 'tis long since we knew, and lou'd one another. Our familiaritie is great: our studies alike: what band, or obligation is wanting to vnite vs? may wee then liue together? for my part, I know no impediment; but hitherto, wee haue not so done, though we be neighbours [Page] about Tusculanum, and Puteoli: what should I say in Rome? Where the Forum being common, neighbourhood li [...]tle importeth. But our age, I know not through what wicked accident, is light vpon times of such disposition, that when we should taste of all contentment, wee are asham'd euen to liue. For what refuge had I left, being stript of all publike, and priuate good, together with all comfort? onely books: wherein, because I can doe nothing else, I exercise my sel [...]e continuallie: but 'tis a great matter, that they also denie mee their help, and me thinkes they exclude, me out of the Port of repose, and they reprehend me bitterlie [...] because I still remaine in this life. Which is no other then these present miseries, greater then euer were any. And do you wonder then, that I liue remote from that Cittie, where I finde no contentment from mine owne house? and where it is necess [...]rie to beare a great hatred to the times, to men, to publike places; of meeting, and to the Senate? Wherevpon I entertaine my selfe with r [...]ading, and spend therein all my time; not to finde any medicine, that might absolutely cure me; but to beguile onely that griefe, which lies heauie vpon me. And if we had had this aduertisment, as we had it not [...] thorough the continuall feares, that held vs in suspence: [Page] We had been alwaies together; neither should your vnhealthfulnesse grieue me, nor should my heart sorrow offend you. And therfore let's vse all the meanes wee can, to liue together; seeing we cānot deuise any course, that will sort better with vs. Within these few daies therefore, I will see you. Farewell.

Cicero to Ti [...]iu [...]. Epist. 16.

THough no man is lesse able to comfort you, then my selfe; hau [...]ng [...]aken your troubles so to hart, that I my selfe neede consolation. Neuerthelesse my griefe being not altogether so implacable as yours: and seeing you in so terrible an agonie: I thought it an office correspondent to our amitie, and to the loue I beare yo [...], no longer to defer writing to you, but to administer you some phisicke, which may at least diminish your griefe, though not absolutelie cu [...]e it. And that consolation is ordinarie, and well knowne to euery one, of vvhich vvee ought continually to reason, and debate: that vvee beare in minde, that vve are men borne vnder this lavv, that our life must lie open to all the blowes of Fortune. To which [Page] Law, we must not seeke to oppose our selues, in refusing that condition of life, wherein we were borne; rather with patience support those accidents, which humane wisedome cannot preuent: comforting our selues in calling to minde, that nothing happens to vs, that hath not befallen manie others. And though this may yeeld thee cōfort, yet I'le propound a thing to thee, that shall bee of greater force, then this or any other consolations, which haue bin euer practised, or written by the wise [...]t m [...]n. I say therefore that considering the miserable e [...]tate of our cittie, and the wickednesse of these times, you will perceiue, that they are truely happie, who haue had no children: and th [...]y lesse vnhappie, who haue now lost them, then if they had lost them, when the Common-wealth flourished. It's true, that if thy great losse grieueth thee, in respect of the damage receiued; I see no course to diuert absolutely your griefe. But if naturall affection moue thee, to lament their miseries, that are dead: not to alledge now, what I haue often read, and heard vpon this argument: that there is no euill in death, after which if the soule liueth, it may ra [...]her be termed an immortalitie then a death: and if it die together with the bodie, we must not suppose that there is any miserie, because no sense: leauing I say, this [Page] part aside, I will onely intimate vnto you one reason, which is very true: That such a danger is approaching to the Common-wealth, that euerie man should be glad to auoid with death. For what receptacle, shall honestie, bounty, vertue, laudable customes, good Arts, and finally libertie it selfe, and safetie, now finde? Questionlesse there is neuer a young man or childe, of whose death I haue heard, in this, of all others, most cruell, and pestiferous yeare, which seemes not to me by the gift of the eternall Gods, to haue beene released from these miseries, and from this so bad a condition of life? So that if I could beate into your minde this opinion; that they whom you haue lost met with no euill, it would in a great part diminish your afflictions. For so you should come to retaine onely that griefe, which you feele not for their death, but for your owne losse. And surely it befits not the grauitie, and wisdome, which since your childhood, you haue alwaies manifested, to despaire for the losse of them, that feele nothing. Remember how you haue liued hitherto, with so great moderation of minde, as it is necessarie for you to perseuere in the same constancie. And by wisedome and discourse, we must anticipate that in our selues, that at length time will bring vs: which by [Page] the remedie of yeares, healeth euerie greene wound. For if there were neuer so base a woman, which in the losse of children, did not at last cease lamenting: surely we are bound to draw that from our prudence, which continuance of daies will bring vs; and not to expect the medicine of time, which reason first propounds vnto vs. If these letters take effect, I shall thinke that I haue obtain'd my greatest desire: If they worke nothing at all, yet shall I iudge, that I haue done the office, of that friend, which I haue euer beene, and promise during life to be vnto you. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Sextius. Epist. 17.

I Wrote not heretofore vnto you, not because I was forget [...]ull of our amitie, or to breake off my vsuall custome: but because for a time I, together with the Common-wealth, found my selfe oppressed with a grieuous ruine; and besides, your hard, and lamentable accident, so afflicted me, as it ministred occasion to me, of not writing to you. But now, supposing, that I had too long neglected this office; and the memorie of worth, & greatnesse of mind, [Page] wherewith I know you to be endowed, vrging me thereunto: I thought good to breake of silence, with a firme opinion, that I shall commit no [...]rror. You know, Publius S [...]xtius, that when you were accused, being far off from Rom [...], I def [...]nded you: and afterwards, the same perill hanging ouer your person, as did ouer Milo, I neglected no endeuour for your safetie: and last of all, so soone as I was returned, notwithstanding your caus [...], was carried o [...]herwise, then I would haue aduis'd, if I had beene present; yet I fail'd not in affording you any help, that lay in my power. In which time, not onely your enemie, but some o [...]hers which pretended to be your friends, taking opportunitie of the dearth, sought to disgrace you with the people: and so f [...]rre they wrought, that ioyning thereunto, the partialitie of Iudges, and the iniquitie of many others, they were of power sufficient, to suppresse the truth, and your iust cause. Afterwards, vpon any occur [...]ents whatsoeuer, I n [...]uer was wanting to your sonne Publius, neither in endeuour, counsell, labour, or in fauour, or testimonie. Where [...]ore hauing diligently, and religiously obserued all the offices of friendship, I would not likewise omit, to exhort, and entreat you, that you will remember, that you are a man, and a man of valour: which [Page] is; that you will prudently support, this common, and doubtfull accident: common, because none of vs can auoid it; doubtfull, because no man knowes, whether it will be of little, or long continuance. Defend your selfe brauely from griefe, and oppose Fortune; reuoluing in your minde, that both in our Cittie, and in other Common-wealths, many valiant, and innocent men, haue beene vniustly sent into banishment. Let me also tell you this: and would to God, I might not speake true; That you are depriued of such a Countrie, which can procure no contentmēt to a wise man. Concerning your sonne, if I should write nothing, I feare that I might seeme ingratefull towards his vertue: but if I should tell you, all that I iudge of him, I feare I shall renue in you that desire, and griefe, which you were wont to feele for the priuation of so worthie a sonne. But neuerthelesse you shall doe exceeding wisely, to thinke, that his loue, his valour, and his industrie remaine alwaies with your selfe: those things being no lesse our owne, that we embrace with our mind, then the same, that we behold with our eyes. His high valour therefore, and the inexplicable loue he beares you, ought to giue you great consolation. And you ought to receiue no smal comfort, considering that we and many others, so [Page] much esteeme you, for the rare qualities of your minde: & that this aduerse Fortune abates no whit, of our loue to you; or of our iudgement concerning you. Whereunto you may adde another reason; that as you haue not deserued this exile; so you should not much grieue therefore. For, wise men, when they are priuie to their innocentie, are neuer disturbed for any accident, that can happen to them. I, for the memorie I retaine of our auncient friendship, and for the vertue which shineth in your sonne, and for the obseruance he shewes me, will be most readie to yeeld you helpe, and comfort. If it happen that you write to me of any thing, I will so handle the matter, that you shall perceiue, your writing was not friuolous. Farewell.

Cicero to Titus Fabius. Ep. 18.

THough I my s [...]lfe, who desire to comfort you, want another mans comfort; nothing for manie yeares hauing so much pierced my h [...]art, as now your trouble doth: notwithstanding I doe not onely exhort, but for our amitie intreat you, that you will strengthen your selfe against disasters [...] carrying in minde, with what conditions all men are borne, and in what times, [Page] we were brought forth. Your owne valour hath giuen you more then Fortune tooke from you: hauing obtained that, which seldome strange, or ignoble cittizens are wont; and lost that, which Fortune hath taken away from many of greatest nobilitie. Besides I see, that Tribunals of iudgement, and commendable customes of our countrie will be so altred; that happie is he, that with least grieuous paine, is from such a Common-wealth departed. But you hauing both goods, and children, and vs, together with others, conioyned vnto you in the nearest of loue, being to make [...]lection, to liue with vs, and with all your friends; and of so many iudgements there being onely one, which is reprehended, as that which by one onely, and doubtfull sentence, may be thought to be yeelded to the power of one: for all these reasons alledged, this hard fortune should not seeme grieuous to you. My affection towards you, and your children, euen as you desire, and as it ought to be, so shall it euer continue. Farewell.

Cicero to Ruffus. Ep. 19.

I Did euer beleeue, that you loued me from your heart. But I am euery day [Page] more confirmed in this beliefe: and I know that euidently, which sometimes you wrote vnto me; that your affection, would appeare so much greater to me, then it did in the Prouince [...] by how much the better it may be discerned, that it proceeded from iudgement, and not from obligation. Although my opinion is, that you cannot doe more then that, which you did in the Prouince, to demonstrate your loue towards me. I receiued a few daies since your letters, which were most acceptable to me; for you writ, that although you expected my comming with great desire, notwithstanding because matters went forward, otherwise, then you supposed, you reioyced at the course I tooke. Now, I haue receiued these other, which gaue me exceeding contentment, because I vnderstand, you are of the same opinion, that all good and valiant men ought to be of; that nothing is profitable, but that which is honest and iust. And besides th [...]s; In that you promise to follow me, wh [...]ther so euer I goe, which is the most acceptable thing you can doe for me, and (if I be not deceiu'd) most honourable for your selfe. Till now, I neuer acquainted you, with my intention by writing; not because I would conceale my selfe from you, but in that communicating my aduise vnto you, it was but [Page] a putting you in mind of the office of that good Cittizen, whereof you make profession; and an inuiting you, to run both my perill, and fortune. But considering that I see, with how much loue, and courtesie you offer your selfe vnto me: I willingly accept of your good minde; but without any binding you, to keepe promise with me. If you doe what you make shew of; I shall remaine greatly bound to you therefore: If you doe not, I will excuse you. And of these two elections, I suppose, that the first hath pleased you for my sake, and th'other for feare. For now, we truely debate of a most important matter. That which is honest, is plainely discerned. That, that is profitable is hidden from vs. Yet if we be the men we should be; that is, worthie of our studies, and of our profession; we need not doubt, but 'tis better to choose, that which is honest, then that, that is profitable. And if you be of this opinion, come to me presently. But if you thinke, you cannot presently come thither, whither honestie cals vs: I will aduertise you in what soeuer is requisite, and in conclusion, I say vnto you, that what course soeuer you take, I will be your friend; but if you be the man I desire, your best [...]riend. Fa [...]ewell.

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Cicero to Rufus. Ep. 20.

HOwsoeuer it had stood with me, I would haue met you, if you had come whither you appointed: Wherefore, though you remain'd behind, because you would not put me to any inconuenience: notwithstanding I assure you, that, had you sent for me, I would not haue respected mine owne commoditie, to giue you satisfaction. To the other parts of your letters, I could more absolutely answere, if Mar [...]us Tullius, my Notarie were here [...] who I am sure about casting vp the accompts, (for the rest I know not what to say) hath done nothing with anie end, to doe you therein preiudice, or dishonor. And though the auncient order, and custome were obseru'd at this daie: Yet be assured, that in respect of our friendship, I would neuer haue giuen vp the accompts without first comparing them, with your selfe. But it being requisite, by Caesars Law, to leaue a coppie of them in the Prouince, and to carrie afterwards the o [...]iginall to Rome: I haue done the same in the Prouince, which I would haue done at Rome also, if the former custome had continued. Wherein I was so confident in you, that I would not be the [Page] man, that would be with you, at the drawing of the accompts: but left the charge thereof to my Notarie, appointing him expresly, that he should frame euery thing to your minde. I neither doe nor euer will repent me, of hauing that confidence in you, which I made shew of: but me thinkes it's strange, that you entred into a iealou [...]ie of my Notarie; you hauing likewise left order, that your brother Marcus Mi [...]dius should peruse the accompts, which were made in my abs [...]nce; neither had I any other hand in them, but that after they were finisht, I read them; your brother hauing [...]ormerly both [...]eene, and approued them. If this were honour: I could no [...] more honour you: If it were confidence: I was more confident in you, then almost in my selfe. If it were requisite in such a businesse to haue regard to your benefit, and praise, as it was fit to haue: I had no man more apt, nor discreet for such a businesse then my Notarie [...] And though I haue left in Apamea, and La [...] dicea, a coppie of the accounts; it was for no other end, but to obserue the Law, which commands, that they should bee left in two Cities within the Prouince. Whereupon to this part, I answer, that though I had many iust occasions, for which I could not vse anie delaie, in giuing vp my accounts in [Page] Rom [...]: Neuerthelesse, I would haue stayed for you, had I not thought they could not haue beene reexamined after they were registred in the Prouince. And as for Volusius, I am informed by vnderstanding men, and especiallie by Caius Camillus my verie good friend, and most expert in such affaires; that wee could not change the course set downe, nor transferre Valerius debt, vpon the person of Volusius; because they that stood bound for Valerius, had beene neither more nor le [...]e oblieged to payment. And the principall debt, was no [...] as you write, 900. crownes but 570. For, about the somme which came short of 900, we had receiued no assignations, in the name of Valerius. But certainely you seeme to repute me, both discourteous, and negligent; yea, (but I respect it not) and verie indiscreet. Discourteous, in that you imagine a Legate, and an officer of mine, were discharged, not for mine owne, but for my Notaries benefit; especially, when they were not to bee bound, to this inconuenience. Negligent; you supposing, that I neuer sought to bee acquainted with a matter, which did import my office so neerely, as it might proue preiudiciall to me: and that my Notarie, had set downe that, which he thought good, without speaking one word to me: alleaging, that if I had [Page] thought thereon, I would haue proceeded more circumspectly. And I say vnto you, that I thought sufficiently of it, and I minded to haue eased Volusius, of so waightie a somme. And on the other side, I haue [...]ound out a way, that Titus Marius, and others, which put in their securitie for Valerius, should not be in any danger to paie it: taking such a course therein, that no man found himselfe grieued, nay, all in generall highly commended mee for it. And I must tell you more: My Notarie onely, tooke it not well. But I thought it the part of an honest man, hauing reseru'd to the people, what was belonging to them, to preuent the particular losse of so many good friends, and Cittizens. As for the monies raised out of the Prouince, you know, that by the aduise of [...]neius Pompeius, they were laid vp in the Lycaeum. And I as a thing done by mine owne Order consented thereunto. Pompeius afterwards sent, and tooke them away, [...]uen as Sextus tooke yours, which you laid vp: But this imports not you. I may well grieue, that I had not the foresight to make a note; by which it might haue appear'd, that you left those sommes there, with my approbation: but that there are extant, the Senats decree, and both our letters. From hence it is manifest, that those monies were deliuered [Page] to Publius Sextius: & I, seeing the matter so cleare, as no errour could ensue [...] I tooke no great care to make such a note: but now I wish, for your satisfaction, that I had made it. I am of your opinion, about giuing in of the accompts, which you are to make: Neither in this, shall your, and my accompts differ any thing: For you shall adde, that there you left those sommes by my Order; which I neuer put in. Neither haue I any reason to denie you this fauour: and though I had, yet to pleasure you, I would not denie it. As for the accompt of 2700 crownes, you cannot complaine; for it was set down as you pleased, or [...]o speake more truely, as it pleas'd your brother. I would willingly amend, if I could that which I left vndone, in giuing vp my accompts. But I must bee circumspect, that herein I cōmit no error, the tearm set downe by the Senate being past. But surely, you haue no reason to be so angry, for I could not otherwise behaue my selfe: although in this, I refer mee to their iudgements, that vnderstand it better then I doe. This I assure you, that I'le faile you in nothing, not onely wherein I see you deepely interested, but wherein soeuer I may doe you a pleasure. As for [...]hose that haue done good seruice to the Common-wealth; know, that I haue giuen no testimony, [Page] except it bee of the Tribunes, of the Souldiers, of the Prefects, and my Domestickes; wherein I erred, supposing, that I might at my pleasure, haue presented their names: but afterwards I was aduertised, how 'twas necessarie, to present them within thirtie daies, after the giuing in of the accompts. Out of doubt, I am verie sorrie, that I left not this care to you, seeing you are so ambitious of it. For of my part, there is no ambition at all. But there remaine the Centurions names, to bee presented, and the Camerades of [...]he militarie Tribunes: For, in these, the Law tyes mee not to a prefixed time. Now it resteth, that I returne you answer, about the three thousand crownes, whereof I remember you wrote vnto mee from Myrina, obiecting to me an error, which grew by your fault, and not mine. For, i [...] any deserue reprehension; It is your brother M [...]ndiu [...], and Tullie my Notary, that should bee reprehended. But that errour being now past recalling; (For, the monies being dispos'd of, I was departed out of the Prouince;) I doe certainely thinke, that according to the inclination of my mind, and according to the hope of monies, which I then had, I wrote back vnto you, as friendly as I could But mee thinkes, it is not reasonable, that I should bee bound to yeeld that vnto you now, by way of obligation, [Page] which then in courtesie I propounded. Neither, though you write vnto me, of the sayd three thousand Ducat [...]s, did I receiue your letter wi [...]h that discontentment, as Deb [...]ors in these times receiue letters, from their Creditors. You must withall consider, that in Eph [...]sus, I hauing le [...]t in the hands of the Toll-Masters, three [...]score six thousand C [...]ownes, which I had lawfully gotten in my Prouince, Pompey tooke it all. Whereof, whether I complaine, or not, questionlesse, your losse being onely three thousand Crownes, you may endure it with the greater patience; imagining with your selfe, that the Senate allowed you not so great prouisions, as indeede it gaue you; or, that my selfe gaue you not so much, as I did. For, if you lent mee those three thousand Crownes, yet I am so confident in your good nature, and in the loue you beare me, that you would not now force me to sell somthing of mine owne, to haue them againe: for otherwise, I haue no meanes to restore you them. But all that I haue written, esteeme it to bee written by way of merriment: And the like doe I, by that you haue written to mee. Although, when Tullius returnes out of the Countrey, I will not forget to send him to you, if you thinke it bee requisite. I d [...]sire in any wise, [Page] that you would rend this letter. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Messinius. Epist. 21.

I Haue read your letters with contentment, by which I vnderstood, that you greatly desire to see mee: Which I imagined, though you had not written it. Neither is my desire in this, inferior to your owne. And so let my thoughts obtaine their wished ends, as I heartily desire to be with you. For, when our Countrey did more abound, then now it doth, with men of valour, and true Citizens, and the number of my friends was greater; yet was there none, with whom I was more willing to conuerse, then with your selfe, and but few, with whom so willingly; but now, some being dead, other some in remote Countries, and others not bearing that mind towards mee, they were wont to doe; I should verily thinke one day better spent with you, then all the time I consume with many of those, with whom I conuerse out of necessitie. And I assure you, that solitarinesse would bee much more acceptable to me, (which, notwithstanding, is not granted mee) [Page] then their enter [...]ainements, that daily frequent my house; except it be of one, or two, at the most. Therefore I retire my selfe, as I would wish you also, to our pleasing studies: and withall, I comfort my selfe with the memoriall of my intentions, thinking to my selfe, that I neuer had respect, (as I suppose you conceiue) to priuate benefit, but to publique safetie. And if hee, whom you could neuer loue, because you loued me, had not borne me enuie; hee, and with him all other good men, had been happy. I would neuer consent, that the violence of any particular man should bee so powerfull, as to suppresse common libertie. And after I saw those armes, which I euer feared would bee able to doe more, then the consent of good Citizens, who, according to my directions, and examples, vndertooke to defend the Common-wealth: I was of opinion, that discords were rather to be compounded, though vpon vnequall termes, so it we [...]e with securitie, then to fight against those, who were stronger then our selues. But shortly wee'l confer, both of this, and many other things. And I remaine now in Rome, for no other end, but before my departure, to know the successe of the war, that is now on foot in Africa. For, I am of constant beleefe, that we shal shortly see an end thereof. And I am of opinion, [Page] it imports me, I know not what, to delay my departure: that I may ioyne with my friends, to take some course, according to the newes, we shall receiue. Although I cannot tell you, what it is, that should so import mee; matters being growne to that passe, as ouercome who will, the victorie will be the same, though equitie, stand more with the one, then the other part. And yet notwithstanding, now, that I am out of all hope, I beare a more contented [...]inde, then when wee were betwixt hope, and feare. And your last letters but one, encrea [...]ed my confidence: In that by them I vnderstood, that to support iniuries, your singular humanitie, much encouraged you, and much also your learning. I'le not bee sparing to tell you the truth: At first, I tooke you to bee rather of a so [...]t disposition, then otherwise; as for the most part, all we are, to whom the chaine of seruitude seemes too heauie; being inured to liue nobly, in a happie and free Citie. But as in good fortune, wee bare our selues moderately, so ought wee to resist this constantly, which is the worst that could haue happened: That among so many euils, we may enioy this little benefit; that whereas in happie times; it was our dutie to contemne death, in which is felt no miserie; now, being plunged in so many tribulations, [Page] we ought not so much to contemne, as to desire it. I request you, for the loues sake, that you beare mee, to embrace this quiet: and firmely to beleeue, that besides offence, and sin, from which you haue beene hitherto, and euer will bee exempted, there can nothing light vpon a man, how terrible soeuer, which should dismay him. I will presently come to you, if I see there bee any occasion. And if it be requisite, to change resolution, I will for [...]hwi [...]h adu [...]rtise you. But I beseech you, being so crazie, hazard not to trauell, out of a desire to see mee, before you haue my aduice therein. Let mee request you, to loue me still, as you doe; and to regard your health, alacritie, and contentment. Farewell.

THE SIXT BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 1.

THough there be such a confusion of all things, that euery one is discontented with his fortunes, and that there's no man, that would not rather be any where, then where he is: neuerthelesse, I make no doubt, but that in these times, it greeues euery honest man, rather to bee in Rome, then any where else. For, though there is great affliction felt in all places, for the great [Page] losse, both publike and particular, neuerthelesse, the eies encrease greefe, when they are constrained to behold that, which others heare; neither doe they euer suffer vs to remoue our thoughts from miseries. Whereupon, though of nec [...]ssitie, seeing your [...]elfe depriu'd of many things, you must needs be affected with great greefe: yet free your minde, from being gr [...]eu'd, because you are not at Rome; the which, as I heare, vexeth and troubleth you. For, though it may touch you neerely, that you are separated from your friends, and your owne fortunes; yet they st [...]nd in their vsuall state, nor would they be greatly better'd, by your being present. N [...]ither should you, when you remember your friends, desire a particular fortune, or re [...]use that which is common. And, whensoeuer it happens, ô Torquatus, that you truely consider with your selfe; you shall not need to yeeld, either to desperation, or feare. For C [...]sar, who hi [...]herto, hath beene more vniust to you, then your dignitie requir'd, hath giuen euident testimonie, that he wishes you no more ill And thinke not, though he be greater then wee, that hee is any whit more [...]ecure; the end of all warres being doub [...]full. For the one victorie I cannot perceiue, that you are in any such danger, that is not as well euerie [Page] mans ruine as yours. And for the other, I know you no waies stand in feare. It remaines that the generall perill of the Common-wealth, must needs peirce your heart; the which I turne to a kinde of consolation. And though learned men, prescribe many medicines, for this so growen a disease; yet I feare, there is no other true comfort to be found, then that, which is applied from the fortitude of a mans minde. For if to liue well, and happily, it sufficeth that a man haue a cleare conscience, and doe all things conformable to Iustice: I thinke we cannot properly terme him vnhappie, who is priuie to his owne heart, that his secretest thoughts had neuer other obiect, then honestie. For I cannot imagine, that we left our country, our children, and our fortunes, for any hope of reward: but therein we thought that we discharg'd a certaine iust, pious, and requisite office, for the Common-wealth, and to our owne honor; not being so foolish, that we should repute victorie certaine. Whereupon if the same ensued, which formerly wee supposed might happen, when we did enter into the enterprize: we must not abandon our selues, as if somthing had hapned, we thought would neuer haue come to passe. Let vs therefore beleeue (as in truth we may) that those things are neuer blam'd [Page] in vs, which proceed from Fortune, and not from our selues: and being exempted from this blame, we ought patiently to vndergoe those disasters, vnto which, the life of man, is subiect. Out of which reasons I conclude, that there is no man so sunke in miserie, but that vertue is of power, to preserue him. But let the lot fall to whom it will, of euery side you haue hopes, if any hope remaine to publicke affaires. And here I remember, how you were wont, to reprehend my despaire; and to encourage me to that warre, whereunto you savv me going against my will. At which time I neuer condemn'd our reasons, but our course. For I saw, that we too late opposed those armes, which had been much strengthened by our selues. Wherefore I gaue counsell, that such a warre was to be auoided, wherein force preuailed aboue counsell; and violence, aboue reason. And when I said, that, that would ensue which did; I presaged not what would come to passe: but onely feared lea [...]t those miseries should happen, which I saw were likely to fall out: especially, that if I should haue giuen my censure of one, of two ends, I would surely haue promised that, which was most certaine. For we were superior in those things, which are not vsed in fighting; but inferior in the experience of armes, and resolution of [Page] souldiers. Now, assume you, I pray ye, that courage, which then you thought I was to take. All the fore-mentioned I haue vvritten, because your Philargyrus discoursing before with me, and mou'd as I thinke, out of loyall affection, he told me, how sometimes you would be transported with griefe, which you should by all meanes bridle: being assured, that if the Common wealth returne to her former estate, you may certainely hope, that you shall liue as honorably in the same, as any way is conuenient: and if she remaine desolate and oppressed, you shall haue no worse conditions therein then the rest. And this time, wherein vvee all continue doubtfull, and daunted, ought hereupon to seeme vnto you lesse grieuous, because you are in that Cittie, vvhere vertue grew, and was borne; vvhich teacheth vs, how to dispose, and order our liues. Then haue you Seruilius Sulpitius, whom you alwayes loued dearely, whose louing and sage exhortations, you cannot want: and if we had followed his authoritie and counsell, vve should neuer haue lost vvith armes in hand; but we should willingly haue yeelded, without comming to them. I haue spoken too much, vvhere peraduenture 'tvvas not requisite; that which most of all imports, I vvill tell you briefly. There is no man, to whom I [Page] am more bound then to you. The ruine of this warre hath depriu'd me of those friends, to vvhom I vvas deeply oblieged, as you can testifie. I knovv that at this instant, I beare no svvay. But because no man is so afflicted by misf [...]rtunes, but that he may, if he vvill be onely attentiue to one thing, vvorke some effect: I [...]ssure you, I vvill imploy for you and your children, my councell, endeuour, and affection of heart, vvherein I vvill neue [...] be wanting vnto you. Far [...]well.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 2.

IF I vvrite seldomer to you, then I was vvont, 'tis not because I am forgetfull of you, but onely in that for the most part, I feele my selfe vnhealth [...]ull; though at this instant, I am reasonable vvell; and in that I am not in Rom [...], vvhere I may vnderstand, whither any goe thither or not: vvher [...]upon be assured, that I keepe you in memorie, and loue you better then [...]uer I did; and I haue no lesse care of yours, then of mine ovvne occasions. If your matters hitherto, haue not obtained that good issue, which men wish't and expected, [Page] vndoubtedly, you haue no reason, to grieue much thereat, considering the wicked condi [...]ion of th [...]se present times. For one of thes [...] two things must needes happen; eyther that the Common-wealth shall alway [...]s be troubled with armes; & [...]hat hauing l [...]id downe armes, s [...]e may once againe recouer breath [...] or else [...]t s [...]e must absolutely perish. If arme [...] [...]r [...]uaile, you need not fear [...], either [...]hose that [...]ake you to fauor, or others whom you haue assisted. If armes be laid aside by accord, or giuen ouer by wea [...]in [...]s, or shal be violētly by the victors, taken out of the hand of the vāquish' [...]; in which of these kinds soeuer the Cittie doe respire; you shall returne to [...]our place, and withall you shall enioy your Fortunes: But if euery thing come to ruine, and such an end happen, as Marcus Antonius, a very wise man feared euer since that time, that he foresaw the future discords; mis [...]rable, and most vnhappie doubtl [...]sse is the consolation, which I meane to giue you in this case [...] especially to such a man, and such a cittizen, and neuerthelesse very nec [...]ssarie: that no man must grieue for that which all others endure. What vertue may be in these few words (for I will not, [...]or some respect, speake any further) if you shall but consid [...]r, as questionl [...]s you doe: you may, without my lett [...]rs conceiue, that these turbulent [Page] seasons, may once cleare vp againe: but, in what state soeuer the Common-wealth stand, you need not be afraid: and if she be absolutely defaced, in that you would not suruiue her, though you might, it is but reason, that with all patience, we should comport such an accident; especially being innocent therein. But no more at this present. I should be very glad, if you would write vnto me, what you doe, and where you will be: to the end I may know whither to write, and whither to come. Farewell.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 3.

IN the last letters, I was somewhat long, not that there was any need, but to testifie the loue, which I beare you. For your valour is so solide of it selfe, that no exhortation is necessary to susteine it: neither am I in a state, to comfort another, being depriu'd of all consolation. Wherefo [...]e at this present, I must be briefe: for if then it was not requisite to write at large; much lesse is it now: And if it were then necessary; let that which I haue written suffice; the rather because nothing new hath since [Page] occurred. For though we haue newes euery day, the which peraduenture you heare also: yet all sort to that end, which I discerne as well by my vnderstanding, as the things that we behold with our eyes. And yet I see nothing, the which I know not vnd [...]ubtedly that you likewise obserue. For though no man can presage, the euent of the battaile: yet me thinkes I see it: and if I see it not, neuerthelesse, in that of necessitie one or other must vanquish, I conceiue what victorie will come to, as well in the one, as the other. And let fortune bend to which side she will, I perceiue such a scourge thereon depending, that a man ought almost to seeke death to auoide it, with which some suppose to daunt vs. For a life depriued of Honor is no life: and death though it bring an end to a happie life, was neuer by wisemen reputed a miserie. But you are in that Cittie, where the wals themselues, can tell you these things, and that more aboundantly, and with greater eloquence [...] I assure you, though other mens miseries are but of small consolation, that you are in no greater danger, then any of those whosoeuer, which either forsooke the war, or of others tha [...] renewed it: These fight, and those stand doubtfull, who shall remaine victor: But this consolation is of no great moment; behold an [Page] other farre 'greater; the which I hope you will applie to your selfe; euen as I also doe. Nothing while I l [...]ue can affflict me, being innocent o [...] all off [...]ce: and if I liue not, how can I feele any griefe? But I call to minde, that I returne anew, (as they say) [...]o bring owles to Athens. I haue, and euer will haue, the greatest care I can, of you, of yours, and your interests. Farewell.

Cicero to Aulus Torquatus. Epist. 4.

THere is no newes at all; and if there were, I know your Friends certifie you thereof: but of the future though it be hard to speake: neuerthelesse a man may by imagination sometimes come neere it, when the matter is such, that a man may forecast the issue. At this time it seemes onely probable, that the warre will not long continue: though some are of contrarie opinion. I thinke that by this time some effect hath ensued: not that I know it certainely, but because wee may easily conceiue as much. First, euery man may expect the victorie; and of all battailes, the end is ambiguous. Then, the Armie both of one and other side is so [Page] great, and so resolu'd to fight, as it is no great wonder though either of them vanquish. That opinion is euery day confirmed, that although the occasions of the warre bee different, yet betweene their victories there will bee no great difference. One side wee know, by experience: on the other part, if Caesar vanquish, there is no man who doth not forecast, how great feare the [...]e is like to be; both because it is prouoked, and in that it will haue armes in hand. And in relating this to you, if you think that I augment your griefe, whereas I should mittigate it with some consolation: I confesse, that I finde no comfort in the common calamities, besides one; the which if you could embrace, were very great, and such as I euerie day make vse of: and this it is. That a man, when hee hath wrought all the good hee is able, [...]ought not to bee disturbed for any contrarietie, that may happen, not hauing deserued it. Therefore, wee hauing alwaies aduised [...]or the benefit of the Common-wealth, and being rather the blame of Fortune, then of our counsels, that things haue succeeded ill: and in a word; for so much as did belong vnto vs, we hauing neuer beene deficient; we ought to endure that patiently which hath happened. But yet I will not bee perswaded, that I am able to comfort you, in these [Page] common miseries, wherein a greater wit then mine is required to giue it; and singular vertue, to support it. Neuerthelesse, euery one may easilie shew you, how in particular, you haue no occasion to complaine. For although Caesar hath beene more slacke in releasing you from trouble, then we supposed: yet I know he carries a good affection to you. For concerning others, I doe [...]ot beleeue you expect my opinion. It remaines, that you grieue, because for so long time, you are f [...]r from your friends. This is certainely a great discontent: you being separated from the sweetest, and most pleasing children in the world. But as before I wrote vnto you, it is now a time, when euery man esteemes his estate very vnhappie, & rather desires to be in any other place, then where he is. I [...]or my part repute my selfe most vnfortunate, for being in Rome; not onely because in all euils, it is more terrible to behold, then to heare: but in that being heere, I see my selfe exposed to all those accidents, which may happen on a suddaine. Although to my selfe, who deuise alwaies to com [...]ort you, the knowledge of letters, to which I haue euer beene addicted, hath not afforded so great consolation, as the length of time. You may remember how much I haue beene grieued. Wherein the first com [...]ort [Page] is, that I saw more then others; when I desired peace, although the conditions were vnequall. And though I presume not to haue presaged out of my vnderstanding, but in that fortune was pleased to make me p [...]ognosticate that which ensued: ye [...] I am delighted with this vaine praise of wisdome. I finde another consolation, which is common [...]o vs both: that if I we [...]e now summon'd to the last period of life, I would not goe vnwilling: for I would thinke by death, to bring my afflictions to an end; and I should depart from that Commonwealth, wherin it auailes me not to liue. Besides this: I am now old: and I thinke I haue spent my yeares so well, that in one respect, I should die with comfort; and in another, I should not take my selfe to be iniured, though I be forced to passe that period; whether nature her selfe hath almost conducted m [...]e. Finally, there hath died in this warre such a personage, and so many valiant men haue therein left their liues; that if wee were constrained to die, me thinkes it were indiscretion to r [...]fuse it. For my part, I propound vnto my self [...], all accidents: and there is no euill so great, which I take not to bee neere at hand. But yet I feare not; the vexation being greater, which is caused by feare, then is the thing it selfe which we feare, wherein [Page] there is not onely, no griefe, but wee shall finde, the last period of sorro [...]. But I'le goe no further: and peraduenture I haue said more then was requisite. But, not any delight of many words, but meere good will, drawes my letters out too long. It displeas'd me that Seruius went from Athens; who because hee was your familiar friend, and one replenished with bountie, and wisedome, should I know, haue euer beene neere about you, and haue giuen you great comfort. My desire is, that as you ought, and your custome is, you would relie on your firme resolution. I will with all diligence, and care procure that, which I shall thinke to be beneficiall for you, and what may profitablie concerne, either your selfe, or yours. In doing whereof, I shall imitate your loue towards mee: but neuer arriue to [your] deserts. Farewell.

Cicero to Aulus Caecin [...]. Epist. 5.

WHensoeuer I see your sonne (and I see him euery daie) I offer, and promise him, my endeuour, and diligence; without exception, either [Page] of l [...]bour, employment, or time: but my authoritie, and fauor; with this exception: wherein I am able, or in what I can. Your booke I haue, and doe reade, and keepe most diligently. your goods, and state, cannot sit neerer my heart then they doe: and euery day I conceiue more hope, seeing many to labour faithfully therein: as I know certainely your sonne writes vnto you: who hath himselfe also the same hope. But for these things, which may bee foreseene by vnderstanding, I presume not to discerne further, then I perswade my selfe, that yo [...] see, and conceiue. Yet neuerthelesse, because it may bee, that being dazeled with griefe, you may not so cleerely discerne, I thought good to write vnto you my opinion. The nature of things present, and the course of times is such, that this fortune cannot long stand with you, or with others: nei [...]her in a cause so iust, and vpon so good Cittizens so cruell an iniurie continue. To that hope therfore, which in particular I haue of your selfe, not onlie for your valor, and dignitie; (for these ornaments are in many others) whereunto are added your owne proper q [...]alities, that is, an [...]leuated wit, and singular vertue: Wherof Caesar, makes an high esteeme: And you could not haue stayed long in this fortune, if he had not thought himselfe [Page] offended, by those worthie parts, for which you are to him most deare. But the prouocation of his minde, is euery daie mittigated, and groweth more calme. And I vnderstand from them, that conuerse hourely with him, that the opinion of your wit, will commend you greatly to his fauour. First of all therefore, see, that you be of an high, and resolute spirit; For you were borne of such a father, bred; and instructed after such a sort, as 'tis requisite for you to doe it. And then bee of constant hop [...]s, for the reasons aboue men [...]ioned. And liue as [...]ured, that you shall command me vpon any of your owne, or your childrens occasions: euen as our ancient friendship, and my vsuall custome towards friends, and the many benefits that I haue receiued from you require [...]h. Farewell:

Cicero to Aulus Caecina. Epist. 6.

I Know not how you remaine satisfied at my hands; in that I haue not written vnto you, as I stood bound; [...] well by our friendship, and many interchangeable offices; as [...]ecause we were both of one, and the same Faction. [Page] Questionlesse, both long since, and many times, I would haue written to you, but that expecting dailie better euents, I desired rather to reioyce with you, then comfort you. Euen as shortly I hope to doe; which will minister me occasion to write againe vnto you. Now, though I am inform'd and hope, that you contest with Fortune, out of a resolute minde: yet I'le see, whether with these letters, I can adde vnto your forces. I know I am not fit to doe it: but that Authoritie which deriues from great loue, ought to operate very much. Neither will I attempt to comfort you, as one afflicted, and depriued of all hopes of safetie: but as a person, of whose safetie, I promise my selfe neither more nor lesse, then you heeretofore were wont to promise your selfe of mine. I remember when I was expelled by them, who thought they could not [...]uine the Common-wealth, except I; were first supprest, that manie of my friends, who came out of Asia, where you were to see mee, told mee, how you affirmed, that I should be presently, restor'd, and with infinite honor. If you, through a certaine knowledge of Tuscan discipline, which you had learned from your Father, who was a noble, and honest Gentleman, tooke not your markes amisse: No more should my prognostication bee [Page] false, being grounded vpon that, which many wise men haue written, and I haue read, as your selfe knowes, with exact diligence. Besides the apprehension I may haue therein, through my great experience in publike affaires, and for that which I haue obserued in my selfe; to which kinde of prognostication I giue so much the greater credit, because in present things, so obscure, and troublesome, it neuer deceiu'd me. I would speake of those things which I haue presaged, but that I will not seeme to haue now [...]eyned that which is come to passe. Yet many can testifie, how in the beginning I aduised Pompeius, not to ioyne with Caesar: and afterwards that hee should not separate himselfe from him. perceiuing very cleerely, that ioyning with him, the authoritie of the Senate was much impaired; and being separated, a ciuill warre would grow. I was a great friend to Caesar, and I loued and honoured Pompeius: but a [...] my counsell was loyall to Pompeius, so both to one, and other it was profitable. Many other things passed, which I foresawe. Because I would not that Caesar, to whom I was much bound, should know, that if Pompeius had obserued my directions, he should haue beene in high state, and honoured of all the Cittizens; but yet hee should not haue had such a power, as now he [Page] hath. I perswaded Pompeius to goe into Spaine. If he had gone thither, the ciuill warre had not ensued. I sought not to obtaine, that Caesar being out of Rome, might stand for the Consulship: but when the people (Pompeius the Consull hims [...]lfe, vrging it with great importunitie) had granted it him: I said 'twas good to satisfie him therein. And discerning that this was the seede of ciuill discords, with many reasons, I laboured to extinguish it; reprehending them which affected not peace: the which, though it were accompanied with vnequall conditions, yet I preferred it before warre, which on our behalfe was most i [...]st. Pompeius knew I spake truth: but there were some so blinde, that to enrich themselues, and effect their desires, holding victorie secure in that Pompeius was their Captaine, they saw not the benefit of my Councell. They came to armes: I stirred not: they went out of Italy, I staid as long as I could. In briefe, the care of my honor, wrought more in me, then the feare of life. I would not leaue Pompeius, because he had not forsaken mee in my necessities: therefore to shunne infamie, like that Amphiar [...]us in the Fables, I expos'd my selfe, to manifest ruine. In which warre no aduersitie fell out, which I had not formerly denounced. Seeing therefore [Page] you may perceiue the truth of my reasons, you are bound to beleeue mee, as men vse to beleeue Augures, and Astrologers, when they haue once spoken truth. Neither, doe I now goe after dreames, as the Augures are wont to doe, nor doe I marke how the birds flie, nor hearken I how they sing, nor minde how they eate: but I obserue other signes: which if they be not more certaine then those, yet they are more easie to comprehend, and consequently, not so fallible. And my Prognostication is grounded vpon two reasons. On the one side I consider Caesars nature: on the other, that of the ciuill warres. Caesar is benigne and clement, iust as he is disciphered in that booke, where you complaine of him. Besides, he loues noble spirits, such as yours is: and finally, [...]e will be ouercome, with many mens entreaties: seeing, that they are not mou'd out of vaine ambition, but out of office, and charitie. The which all Tuscanie doing, 'tis to be thought, shee will be heard. Now, what's the reason, that hitherto, these things haue done little good? For he thinkes, that granting your returne, with whom, it seemes, he hath some cause to be angry; he could not afterwards deny it many others. Oh, you'le say, what may I hope for then? if he be angry with me? he conceiues, that he [Page] may extract his praises from the same fountaine, by whose drops, hee was formerly made wet, or dashed. Finally, he is a man of great wit, and prudent discourse. He see'th plainely, that he cannot long keepe you out of your Countrie, you being in Tuscanie, which is no base part of I [...]alie, but amongst others, the most noble: and equall to any in Rome, of the more honourable sort of cittizens of your age, for wit, fauour, and iudgement. He will not that hereafter you should acknowledge this benefit rather from the time, then now from him. I haue spoken of Caesar: Now I'le speake of the nature of the ciuill warres. There is no man such an enemy to that enterprise, which Pomp [...]ius, with great courage, but small preparations vndertooke, that can say, that we haue eyther beene bad cittizens, or bad men. Wherein I am wont to admire the grauitie, iustice, and wisedome of Caesar: He neuer speakes but honorably of Pompeius: Oh, but he hath perform'd against him, many terribly actions. The blame is not Caesars, but of armes, and of the victory. Doe but marke vs: how hath he embraced vs? He made Cassius his Legate; He hath giuen the gouernment of Fraun [...]e to Brutus, and to Sulpicius that of Gracia: he restor'd Marcellus, against whom, he was wonderfully incenst, with as great honor, as could be [Page] wisht. What can I therefore inferre? Take the world what forme it will, the nature of things, and of ciuill warres, will neuer permit, but that in one, and the selfe same cause, all may haue the same condition: and that good men, and good cittizens, that are innocent, may returne into that Cittie, whereinto so many guiltie banished men are returned. This is my prognostication: of which if I made any doubt, I would rather vse that consolation, with which you being a valiant man, as you are, I might easily suppose to comfort you: That if you had taken vp armes, for the Common-wealth, (for so you then thought) with certaine hope of victorie, you should not haue beene much to be commended; but had you imagined, it might so come to passe, that we should be vanquish't, the end of warre being vncertaine: it would haue beene a thing most vnbeseeming you, not to haue beene constant in aduerse fortune; as you would haue beene discreet, and moderate in prosperous. I would discourse yet farther; how much it would refresh you, to call to mind, that your deeds tended to a good end; And how delight [...]ull your studies would be vnto you in aduersities. I could rip vp vnto you, the fearefull accidents, not onely of auncient, but also of moderne Captaines, that haue beene in this war, [Page] with you. For other mens examples, reducing that law to memorie, whereunto all men, are constrained to obey, extenuate our griefe. Besides this, I would aduertise you, in how great an hauak and confussion of things we liue: in that we should lesse grieue to be depriu'd of our countrie, when it is in ill state, then when it is well: but I would not haue you thinke of this reason. For out of hand, as I hope, nay, rather as I plainely discerne, we shall see you, in honor, and safetie. In the meane while, although I haue at many other times performed this office: neuerthelesse, because Caesar, and his friends do shew me euery day better countenance, I more confidently promise you, my paines, my endeuour, my loue, and my labour. And be assured, that what authoritie or fauour soeuer I doe obtaine, I'le employ it all for your benefit: as formerly I offer'd to your sonne, the true image, no l [...]sse of your minde then of your body, a very well demean'd young man, and exceeding constant in your aduersitie. Looke to maintaine your selfe, not onely with fortitude of minde, but also with hope, which you may haue aboundantly. Farewell.

[Page]

Aulus Caecina to Cicero. Ep. 7.

I Vnderstand, that my sonne hath not let my booke be seene, doubting (and not without cause) lest he might foolishly erre to our preiudice: considering that, the same which was written, with a sincere meaning, may bee wrested to a contrary sense. And therefore if you haue not had it, ascribe the blame to feare, and to the qualitie of our state, worthie doubtlesse of compassion. This my misfortune which st [...]ll continues, grew by writing: and in this I know my selfe, more vnfortunate then others. For when a writing is vncorrected, by cancelling the error, there is remedie: and when on is a foole, fame giues him due chastisement. But my error is amended by banishment: the sum of which offence is; that being armed I spake [...]ll of my aduersary. According to my opinion, there is none of vs, which prayed not for victorie: and which desired not also, when he sacrificed vpon any other cause, that Caesar might be suddenly discomforted: If himselfe thinke no [...] so; he is truely happie: if he know and conceiue as much; why is he angry with me, for hauing written somewhat, that he would not haue [to be written], he hauing pardoned [Page] others, who sent vp their prayers to the gods for his ruine. But to returne to the purpose, the reason you had not the booke was this; because I haue written of you, but yet sparingly, and with respect; desire spurring me forward, but feare keeping me backe: whereas, it were requisite, that he that wrote of such an argument should not onely be free from all respects, but be of wit also, and of a valiant, and resolu [...]e minde. 'Tis thought there is a freedome to reprehend other mens vices: and yet it must be done with modesty. A man cannot commend himselfe too much, least he seeme arrogant. It is therefore onely lawfull to commend anoth [...]r man. And [...]f you praise not a man, as much as he deserues, of necessitie, you are to be reprehended, eyther of ignorance, or enuie. But I thinke I did you a pleasure in not commending you so much as you deserued; For when one cannot doe a thing sufficiently, 'tis good to g [...]ue it ouer, or at least to touch it but sl [...]ghtly. Neuerthelesse I haue vsed moderation: [...]or many things I haue extenuated; many I haue cleane taken away, and many also I haue not set downe. Euen as, therefore, of a Ladder, if you take away some steps, cut off other some, and leaue others in ill case, you would make it that no man could ascend thereon: So he that writes any [Page] thing with restraint, what contentment can he giue the reader? And when I but name Caesar, I feele my selfe tremble; not for feare of punishment, but of his iudgement, because I doe not entirely know his nature. How thinke you, that my minde may stand, when it reuolues with it selfe, reasoning almost after this manner? This word will please h [...]m: of this o [...]her, I am doubtfull: and if I change it, who knows, whether it may not be worse? Besides this, if I commend one; what know I, whether I [...]hall offend him? and if I offend him, will he not take it in anger? I wrote against him during the warre: and then he was angry with me [...] What will he do now, that I am vanquished, and banished? You also augment my feare, who, in your booke of the perfect Orator, minding to defend your selfe from detractors, you make Brutus your shield, and you seeke a companion, to excuse your selfe the better. If you, doe this, who were wont to assist euery one with your high eloquence: What opinion should I conceiue of my selfe, who for so many years, vs [...]d to haue recourse to you, for my defence; and now finde my selfe in case, to bee defended of all men? If therefore it happen, that the mind, in this imagination be peraduenture transported with any vaine feare; and that this blind suspition torments [Page] it; in that a man must not write to satisfie his owne iudgement, but in such a sort, as he esteemes may please others: how difficult it is to doe anie good thing, if you haue not found it by reason, Nature hauing giuen you a singular wit, apt for euery great enterprise; we now find it. Neuerthelesse, I enioyn'd my sonne, that he should read the booke to you, without leauing it in your hands: except you would promise to correct it; that is, wholly to change it. Touching the going into Asia, though great necessitie vrged me, yet I haue followed your aduise. About my returne, 'tis superfluous to entreat you: you see the time is come, wherein it must be dilated of. It is needles my Cicero, for you to haue any regard to my sonne [herein,] his age, too much affection, and feare, take from him those aduertisements, which in that respect, are requisite. 'Tis fit that you take vpon you, all this enterprise. I haue placed all my hope in you. You absolutely know, out of your wisedome, what things wil delight him, and with what, one may reconcile his fauour. It is requisite that from you, all things should haue their beginning, and all b [...] finished by your hand. You are of great power about him, and in great respect amongst all his followers. If you'le dispose your selfe to beleeue, that you [Page] must not onely take vpon you the charge imposed, though this were indeed too much; but that the whole burden is yours: you may easily obtaine whatsoeuer is desired. And if this securitie which I intrude vpon you, make me seeme either too [...]oolish in my miserie, or presumptuous in my friendship: let your vsuall loue, and kindnesse, excuse me both in the one, and other, which ordinarily is so great, that now at length your friends in th [...]ir occasions, doe not hope, but command you. I pray, let not the booke my sonne giues you, be seene, except you first so correct it, that it may not preiudice me. Farewell.

Cicero to Aulus Caecina. Epist. 8.

HAuing vnderstood by Largus, who is your kinde Affectionate: how on the Calends of Ianuary, your safe conduct was expired: I spake with Balbus, and Oppius, knowing that euerie thing was well done, which was acted by them in Caesars absence: and I earnestly entreated, both the one and the other, that they would grant mee, that you might remaine in Sicilia at your [Page] pleasure: who being wont, either to promise mee willingly, whensoeuer I demanded any thing of them, that stood not against their mindes; or else to denie me, and tell mee the reasons, why they did so: at that instant they gaue me no absolute answer: but y [...]t the selfe same day, they returned to me, and granted me, that you should continue in Sicilia, as long as you would: for they would so vse the matter, that Caesar should bee content. Now you haue vnderstood what they permit you: I thinke good to make knowne to you my opinion. This being done, I receiued your letters: wherein you consult with mee, whether you should stay in Sicilia, or goe into Asia, to set in order some busine [...]ses of yours. I took not this your intention, to confront with Largus words. He spake to mee in such a sort, as it seemed you might no longer abide in Sicilia: and you write, as if you might continue there. But whether the one or the other bee true, my opinion is, that you should not stir from thence. You shall bee neere to Rome; and hauing opportunitie of often writing, and [...]en [...]ing messengers, you may the better solicite your returne. The which, if it may be obtained, after the sam [...] manner you desire and hope; or else vpon any conditions wha [...]soeuer; you may [...]orthwith come. Therfore [Page] I would not wish you, to depart from thence, in anie wise. I will commend you to my friends, Titus Furfanus, Posthumius, and his Legates, when they come, for they were al at Mutina. They are men of great bountie, and much affected to those of your qualitie, and my verie inward acquaintance. Wherin soeuer I see that I may do you good, I will doe my endeuour, without being required thereunto. And what I of my selfe vnderstand not: if it be told me, I'le exceed anie mans labour, or diligence therin, whatsoeuer. And though I meane to speak so effectually with Furfanus, that letters shall not be very needfull: yet some friends of yours thinking good, that I should write a word vnto him, for you to deliuer: I desired herein to content them. The copie you shall see, here vnder written. Farewell.

Cicero to Titus Furfanus Vice-Consull. Epist. 9.

BEtween me and A [...]lus Caecina, there hath euer been so great familiaritie and friendship, that none can possibly bee greater. For his father, a valorous Gentle-man, was my especiall friend, and himselfe I alwaies loued from his [Page] infancie, because hee gaue wonderfull hopes, of singular bountie and eloquence. And not only through amitie, but [...]hrough a similitude of studies, we conuersed so domestically together, that no man was more familiar with me, then he. It is not requisite, that I write further: you see how many occasions lead me, to assist him, in whatsoeuer my power extends vnto. And, because I haue seene it manifestly, by diuers signes, that you greeue much, to see good men in these hard fortunes, and the Common-wealth in so miserable an estate. Onely I request you, that the same desire you formerly had, to helpe Cae [...]ina, may so encrease, as that it may equall the loue you beare [...]y selfe. You cannot doe mee a greater pleasure. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 10.

AS there is no man better knowes, then my selfe, how much you loue me: so am I a testimonie to my selfe, of the loue which I beare to you. For, I euer greatly grecu'd, for the counsell you followed (if it were counsell, and not rather destinie) to perseuer [Page] in a ciuill war: and now not seeing you so readily, restored into your fo [...]mer estate, as is conuenient: I am therewith no lesse troubled, then you with my disgraces, were heretofore tormented. Postumulenus, and Sextius, know it: our Atticus knowes it; with whom I haue many times discoursed thereof at large: and Theudas your Free-man; to whom, not long since, I imparted the inward affection of my minde: and to eue [...]ie one of these, I haue said many times; that wherein soeuer I could, I should bee glad to bee emploied by you, and your children; to whom I would haue you write, that they make vse of my endeauours, counsell, goods, or person: for all these things being in my power, [...]hall neuer be wanting to them. If in autho [...]ity and fauour, I could preuaile so far, as I should preuaile in that Commonwealth, of whom I haue so well deserued: you should also be the man, you were wont to be; that is, worthy of the high [...]st place of honor whatsoeuer; and in your owne order, vndo [...]btedly reputed aboue all others. But because in [...]he [...]elfe same time, and for the uery same occasion euery one of vs is fallen from high to low estate: I promise you those things, which, before I told you, beeing as yet mine: and moreouer, those, which me thinks I do yet [...]eserue, as reliques of my former [Page] dignitie. Because Caesar hims [...]lfe, as in many things I discerne, rather-loueth me then otherwise: and almost all his familiar friends, whom I haue heeretofore pleasured in matters of impor [...]āce, obse [...]ue, and honor me with all respect. Therefore if I may in any wise, pleasure you in your substance, that is, for your return, on which euerie thing depends: & euerie daie, by reason of their [...]ords, I am in more hope: I w [...]ll labour, and vse therein all diligence, without being requested. It boots not to descend vnto particulars. What may bee done with singular affection, and great loue, that I promise you. But it imports mee much, that al your friends should know thus much; to the end they may bee assured, that Cicero will neuer faile Trebatius, in whatsoeuer hee is able; and that they may thinke, there is nothing so difficult, but that in the effecting it for you, I shall hold my selfe fortunate. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 11.

I Would many times haue written to you, if I had had matter to write; For, when friends are in such a state, as you [Page] now are; one should not write vnto them, but to comfort them, and [...]o promise ayde, and benefit. To offer you comfort, seem'd not necessarie, vnderstanding by many, how resolutely, and wisely you support the iniutie of the times; and how much the sinceritie of your owne operations, and counsels doe comfort you. And if you doe this, you reape great fruite from vertuous [...]tudies; wherewith I know, you were euer delighted: and I earnestly exhort you, so to do. Besides this, though you are aboundant in examples, as hauing turn'd ouer all ancient, and moderne histories: yet, I hauing more experience in the affaires of the world, then I would; as I haue lesse in studies, then I desire; vpon my credit, I promise you, that the hard state wherin you now stand, & the wrongs done you, will quickely haue an end. For first hee, who can doe what hee will, becomes in my iudgement euery day more reasonable, and discends further into the nature of all things: besides the cause is so iust, that it necessarilie, together with the Common-wealth, which cannot alwaies languish, will rise vp againe, and resume vigor: and euery daie wee finde, more benignitie, and fauour then wee hop't for. Which things, because they many times depend, vpon a very little occasion of the [Page] times, wee will obserue all moments, and by as many meanes as is offered, seeke to helpe, and further you. Whereupon I hope, it will be more easie euery day, about the matter I formerly mentioned, to write vnto you, and promise you helpe. and I will doe it more vvillingly with effects, then words. Be secure, that you will finde more-friends, then any banished man hath, or euer had, so far as I discerne: and yet you'le bee beloued of none, more then of my selfe. Carrie an inuincible, and resolued minde, which lies onely in your owne power. Things that remaine in the gouernment of Fortune, shall bee swayed by the times, and ruled by our directions. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 12.

BEfore this time, I onely lou'd Dolae [...]bella, but was no waies bound vnto him; because I neuer had any occasion to vse him; and he stood obliged to me, because in his dangers, I neuer failed him. Now, hauing procur'd you, the restitution, euen as I desired; first of your substance, and then also of your countrie; he hath so interrested [Page] himselfe in me, that there is no man, to whom I hold my selfe more tied then to him. Wherein I reioyce with you after such a manner, as I would not haue you thanke me, but rather to bee ioyfull with me: your thanking of me being superfluous, and your reioycing most iust. Now, that your vertue and dignitie, haue opened vnto you the waie, to returne among your friends: like that wise, and magnanimious Gentleman, you are, you must forget what you haue lost, and remember what you haue reco [...]ered. You shall liue with your allies: you shall liue with your Friends. There is no comparison, betwixt the losse of goods, and the purchase of honour you haue made. Neither should your goods bee de [...]re vnto yo [...], the Common-wealth being in so miserable an esta [...]e. Our friend Vestorius writes vnto me, that you giue mee infinite thankes. I take it exceeding well, that you diuulge my benefit, and tha [...] among the rest our Syro knowes it. For those things which I doe, I would haue them pleasing to all wise men. I desire to see you out of hand. Farewell.

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Cicero to Ampius Balbus. Epist. 13.

I reioyce with you, my Balbus, and vpon iust occasion: neither am I so foolish, to feede you with vaine hope: least mocked thereby, you dare hope no more, after better fortune. I pleaded your cause with greater freedome; then my state required. For being enflamed, with honest charitie, and moued by that loue, which was euer common betwixt vs, though my fauours were but weake, yet I haue compassed the end of our desire. Whatsoeuer concernes your returne, and safetie, all hath beene promised, confirmed, ratified, and established: I haue seene the effect: I haue procured it: I haue personallie interposed my selfe therein. For all Caesars [...]riends conuerse much with me, and so well they like of my amitie, that next to him, they hold none more deare. Wherein I haue beene carefull according to the qualitie of the times pre [...]ent. Pa [...]sa, Hirtius, Balbus, Oppius, Matius, and Posthumius, wish mee all good. And if I had made this triall for my selfe, I should haue beene well [...]ontented, that I had effected so much, [...]n these times. Which came to passe [...]ecau [...]e I proceeded not with respect, [Page] as it seemes these present times require: And retaining old friendship with them, I haue preuailed for your good. But your good friend Pansa, desirous to doe me all kindenesse; being of no lesse authoritie, then fauour about Caesar; was he that fauoured me most aboue others. Tillius Cimber also bare himselfe as well, as I could haue wish'd. But that which most imports, is, That Caesar willingly giues eare to them, that petition him, not through ambition, but for some iust, and due respect. And because Cimbers suites were of this nature, they haue sped better for you then they would haue done for any bodie else. We haue not yet obtained the Patent, because some men are so malicious vnto vs, as they would swel [...] with despight, that you, had obtaine [...] leaue to returne, whom they tearm [...] the Trumpet of the ciuill warre: minding thereby, to make shew, that the [...] tooke no pleasure, that a warre ensue [...] Wherefore I thought good, to proce [...] secretly, and to keepe the matter bu [...]ed. But by that time you shall re [...] these, I make no doubt but the [...] will be dispatched. And Pans [...], wh [...] is not a man of vaine words, hath promis'd me, giuing me his faith, that with in few daies he will giue me the Pate [...] N [...]er [...]elesse, I thought good to wri [...] thus mu [...]h to you, that you might ha [...] [Page] some cause, to cheere vp your selfe: the words of A [...]pul [...]ia your wife, and the tears of Ampia your daughter, making me thinke, that you are not of so good comfort, as your letters demonstrate. And they beleeue, that themselues, not being with you, you will be much more assailed with pens [...]ue cogitations. And therefore, to rid you of all griefe, that might ceaze on your minde, I iudge no remedie could be better, then to giue you full notice of your deliuerie: which is most certaine. You know, that before, when I wrote vnto you, I onely comforted you, as an inuincible, and wise man, but I gaue you no certaine hope of returning into your countrie, till the heate of this warre were quenched. Remember your letters, wherein you shewed a great minde, & fi [...]me, and constant to endure all accidents. Which seem'd no wonder to me, when I call'd to minde, that from a youth, you did negotiate in the Commonwealth; and it fell out that you had all your M [...]gistracies, in the greatest dangers of the same [...] and you entred into this warre, not onely with an intention to be happie, if you prou'd victor, but to bee wise, though you were vanquish't. Besides, spending all your studies, in celebrating the worthie acts of valiant men: you must consider, that you ought to do nothing, in which [Page] you should shew your selfe, vnlike to them. But these instructions were rather to bee vsed, if you were in those miseries, from which you are now free'd. But now, resolue onely to tolerate with vs these [inconueniences] which at this instant oppresse vs: to which if I found any medicine, I would also giue it vnto you. But there [...] no other refuge, then learning and studies, wherein we haue alwaies exercis'd our selues: the which in prosperous Fortunes yeelded vs onely contentment, but now, with contentment, they giue vs life also. But to returne to the beginning, be assur'd, that your restitution is obtained. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Ligarius. Epist. 14.

THough in these your molestations, it was my part, to write vnto you sometimes, to comfort you, and to giue you assistance: neuerthelesse, I did it not hitherto, supposing that I could not either with words mitigate, or in any other maner extenuate your griefe. But seeing I conceiue great hope, that within a short time, you may compasse your returne into your country: I could [Page] not, but signifie vnto you, my opinion and desire. First therefore I will write, that which I discerne, and see clearely; that Caesar will not be so bitter to you, as he hath beene hitherto: because not onely the matter it selfe, the times, and the opinions of men; but, as I perceiue, his owne nature also, doth euery day, more and more mollifie him. This hope I conceiue, for all men, but for your person, I may haue it farre greater, being secured thereof, by his nearest fauorites: to whom since newes first came out of Africa, I haue not ceased to sue, together with your brothers: who are so carefull to procure your returne, as I constantly beleeue, that Caesar seeing their valour, and singular affection towards you, will graunt what they would: and if the matter suffer some longer delay, then we could wish; it is, because we cannot haue audience from him, being exceedingly busied, in that hee must giue answere to so many demaunds. And moreouer, being prouoked against them, that haue renued the warre in Africa, it seemes he hath a purpose to punish them longest, from whom he hath rec [...]iued longest trouble. And yet against these men also he growes euery day more pacified. Whereupon I promise you, (and keepe in minde what I say) that you shall not continue in these [Page] perplexities any long time. Thus much touching my opinion. My loue I had rather should be manifest vnto you, by effects, then by words. And were I able to doe as much as by right I should, in that common-wealth, of whom I haue so well deseru [...]d as you suppose: you should not remaine in so miserable an esta [...]e. But the same occasions haue depriued me both of power & fauour, which were vnto you the cause of you [...] afflictions. Neuerthelesse, looke what the shaddow of my former dignities can compasse; what I am able to per [...]orme, with that little authoritie that remaines vnto me, with my studie, with my coun [...]ell, with my endeuour, with my fauour, and with my affection; I will not faile to apply it whollie to you [...] benefit. Be of an inuincible spirit, as [...]uer you haue beene: F [...]rst, for the reasons aboue mentioned: and then, because you haue alwayes both counselled, and wrought so well for the Common-wealth, that now, you may not onely hope, for better fortune: but if you did meet with it quite contrarie, yet knowing that your counsels and actions haue alwaies beene laudable, you ought to support it, with valour, and constancie. Farewell.

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Cicero to Quintus Ligarius. Epist. 15.

ASSVRE your selfe, that I striue with all labour, industrie, and affectio [...], to obtaine your returne into your countrie: For besides, that I euer bare you singular affection, the great pittie, and feruent loue, which your brethren shew towards yo [...]; to whom I am growne as friendly as to your selfe; permits not, that I should omit any kinde of office, or diligence, or let sl [...]p any occasion, to helpe you. But what I haue wrough [...] & compassed for you, I had rather you should vnder [...]tand by their letters, then mine owne. I will only write vnto you, what hopes I haue of your safetie, or rather, what I fi [...]mely b [...]leeue, and am s [...]re of. If euer there were a man timorous, in grea [...] and dangerous affaires, and that alwayes rather feares contrary euents, then hopes for prosperous, I am the man: and if this be a defect, I must confesse I haue it. Neuerthelesse you shall vnde [...]stand, that the last o [...] February, betimes in the morning, I going to speake with Caesar: and before I could be admitted in, hauing suffered all indigniti [...], and protraction, your brethren being prostrate at Caesars feete, and with them your kinsmen, [Page] I spake whatsoeuer I thought fitting for your purpose: and not onely by Caesars answere, which truely, was fauourable, and courteous, but by his eyes, his countenance, and many other signes, which I could better discerne, then set downe in writing, I tooke such a conceit, as I esteeme your returne most certaine. Be of good cheere therefore, and seeing you wisely supported, the more tempestuous times; beare these also chearefully, that begin to be more temperate. Yet beleeue not, that I w [...]ll abate a whit of my vsuall diligence: rather I'le follow your matters, as if they stood vpon the worst termes: and not onely to Caesar, but to all his friends also, whom I know very louing vnto me, I will, as hitherto I haue done, preferre earnest supplications, for your safetie. Farewell.

Cicero to Basilius. Ep. 16.

I Congratulate with you: I reioyce with my selfe: I loue you; I protect your affaires: I desire to be certified of your loue to me; and of the newes of your selfe, and of those quarters. Farewell.

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Bithynicus to Cicero. Ep. 17.

IF there were no [...] betweene vs in particular many iust, and worthie occasions of friendship, I would rip the beginn [...]ngs thereof, euen from our Fathe [...]s: which I will leaue to them to do, who haue no [...] with good offices preserued paternall amitie. And therefore I'le content my selfe, with our friendship: which animateth me to entreat you, that you would assist me, in my absence, wherein soeuer need shall require: if you stand not in doubt, that I will forget your cour [...]esie. Farewell.

Cicero to Bithynicus. Ep. 18.

FOR many respects, I desire once more to see the Common-wealth in b [...]tter es [...]ate: but especially that I might be comforted, by that, which you promise me: in that you write, if this should [...]ome to passe, you will be euer with me. It contents me, that you carry such a mind, and the same, our inward friendship requires; and that opi [...]ion, which vvas sometimes held of me, by tha [...] most rare man your father. For I will not deny, but that they, to whom Fortune hath giuen much power, [Page] by the greatnesse of benefits, may intimate themselues with you, more then I am able: but beleeue not, that any can loue you aboue my selfe. Therefore I shall be glad, that you preserue the memorie of our friendship, and affect also, to augment it. Farewell.

Cicero to Lepta. Ep. 19.

HAuing seene, what you wrote in one of yours, that I r [...]ceiued from your Seleucus, I presently sent a note to Balbus, that hee would let mee know what the Law was [ [...]n that poynt.] He answered mee, that it forbad, that any one, which was at that present Praeco, sh [...]uld be made Decurio: bu [...] not one that had beene so in former times. So tha [...], let [...]hese our friends bee of good comfort. For indeed, it were too hard a case; That whereas in R [...]m [...], the Senatorian dignitie, was conferred euen vpon [...]he Ha [...]uspices: one might not in a free incorpora [...]ion, be a D [...]curio, that in former times had borne office of Praeco: There is no newes out of Spaine, but take this for certaine, that Pompeius hath a great armie. For Caesar himselfe sent me a copie of a letter, of Pat [...]etu [...], which relates, [...]hat he hath eleuen [Page] Legions. Besides this, M [...]ssalla wrote to Quintus Salassus, how Pompeius put to death, in the sight of the Armie, Quintus C [...]rtius, his brother, because he had accorded with some Spaniards, if Pomp [...]ius went to a certaine towne, whither hee resolued to goe, about the prouision of corne; to carrie h [...]m prisoner to Caesar [...] Whereas, you write vnto me, of the securitie you put in for Pompeius: if Balbus, who promised in your companie, and is a man diligent enough, in matter of his owne benefit, hee re [...]urned out of the Countrey, I will not cease to speake to him the [...]eof, to bring the matter to an end: whereof hee seemed to conc [...]iue great hope. I am exceeding glad, that my booke of The perfect Orat [...]r, so pleaseth you. Certainely, I perswade my selfe, that I haue employ [...]d therein, all the iudgement I haue, about the Art of an Orator. And if it be such, as you write it seemes vnto you, there is some matter in mee also: if otherwise, I deny not, but so much may bee taken from the opinion of my iudgement, as is in that booke defectiue. I would haue our Lep [...]a begin to bee delighted, with such like compositions. For, although he hath not yet that iudgement, which yee [...]es will bring vpon him; yet will it not be without great benefit, if he inure His eares to such like accents. I am not [Page] yet gone out of Rome, b [...]cause my daughter lay in. Now, though she be, as I hope, in good state, yet will I not depart, till I haue receiued of Dolobella, the first pension. And to confesse vnto you the truth, I delight no more to goe abroad, as I was wont; I tooke pleasure to visit my Farmes, and to separate my selfe from occupations: now, I haue a house in Rome, which in beautie, is inferiour to none of my country buildings; and I am as free from employments, as if I were in the most solitarie place of this world: and I may studie as much as I will, for no man hinders me: therefore I thinke to see you sooner here, then you mee there. Procure that our [young] Lepta, may get Hesiodus without booke, and let him haue euer in his mouth.

The hill where v [...]r [...]ue hath her residence,

Is of a steepe, laborious ascent,

The Gods would haue it so; & 'tis but sense,

That we should sweat, to get so rare content.

Cicero to Lepta. Ep. 20.

IT likes mee well, that Macula hath done this dutie; I euer approued of his wine of [...]ale [...]m, for entertainment, so there were house-roome enough, [Page] to lodge my companie. For other matters, the place contents mee very well, but yet I will not forbeare to come to Petrinum, because both the village, and the seat, is so pleasant, that both one, and other inuites men, not onely to lodge, but to remaine there alwaies. Whereas you write vnto mee, that I should procure you to haue the charge, of some of those festiuities, which are to be celebrated in the countries: I haue talked therof, with Oppius: for I saw not Balbus, since your departure, being so troubled with a paine in his feet, that he comes not abroad. But you should doe much more wisely, not to seeke these employments; for you cannot by this, colour your designes: Caesars friends being multiplied in such aboundance, that hee rather leaues some, then lets any new ones take place; especially if hee bring nothing but endeauour. wherein he will think, that hee hath done you a fauour, yea, though hee should know, that you did not receiue it. Neuerthelesse, wee'l see what hope there is: for if there be none, I would aduise you rather, to estrange your thoughts from it, then to haue a desire thereof. I thinke to stay some daies in Astura, till Caesar comes thither. Farewell.

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Cicero to Toranius. Ep. 21.

HAuing written vnto you, three dayes since, by the seruants of C [...]eius Plancius, I will now bee short: and, whereas before I comforted; now Ile aduertise you. I thinke you cannot doe better, then stay where you are, till you bee certaine what you are to doe. For besides, that you shall auoyd the danger, you might incur, by sayling in the winter, so many daies, thorow a tempestuous sea: and besides [...]hat, when you shall heare certain newes, you may depart at your own pleasure: you haue no cause, to be so desirous to goe meet Caesar: and moreouer, I am affraid of many things, whereof I rea [...]oned with our friend Chilo: and to bring many words within a small compasse: during these euils, you could not bee in a more conuenient place, hauing opportunitie to turne your selfe, whither soeuer necessity cals you. And, if he coms hither, you shall haue time to meet him And, if any thing hinder him, or prolong his comming (as many accidents may fall ou [...]) you shall be in a place, where you may vnderstand all newes. Thus think I, and I aduise you not to do otherwise. For the r [...]st, be assured, as many times I haue written for your comfort, that in [Page] your case, you neede to [...]eare nothing, besides the common ruine of the whole Citie; which though it bee greeuous to tolerate, yet we haue liu'd in such manner, and are of that age; as wee ought valian [...]ly to beare all aduersities, which may happen, without our fault. All your friends are here in health, & with hearty affection, they desire, loue, and reuerence you. Looke vnto the preseruation of your health, and stir not from thence, to no purpose.

Cicero to Toranius. Epist. 22.

ALthough 'tis thought, that the end of this pes [...]iferous warre is now at hand, or that some effect hath ensued; yet I cannot, but daily thinke, how you alone, in so great an armie, should be of the same opinion I am: And that wee onely, saw wha [...] ill was in that warre; wherein, all hope of peace excluded, the victorie it selfe must needs be terrible, which brought death, if you were vanquished; if Victor, the yoke of seruitude. Whereupon I, whom those valiant and wise men, the Domitij, and Lentuli, then said was timorous (as indeed [Page] I was; for I fear'd what came to passe) doe now feare nothing, and am prepared against euerie accident. when I supposed, that some part of the losses, which afterwards wee sustained, might haue beene preuented; th [...]n I greeued, that they prouided not for the same. But now, e [...]erie thing being ruinated, no councell auailing vs, there remaines no other remedie, b [...]t with patience to support all euents: especially death; being the last period of humane miseries. And I knowing, that I haue laboured to maintaine the dignitie of the Common-wealth, so long as I could; and able to do no more; I haue endeuoured at least, the preseruation of her safety. This I haue written, not to vse speech of my selfe, but to giue you occasion to think theron; you euer hauing wished, & aduised the same, that I did. For 'tis a singular comfort, when a man cals to mind, that though the contrary hapned, neuerthelesse, that he alwayes perswaded that, which reason & conscience did read vnto him, And I would to God, that we might once see the Common-wealth, in some state; and that enioying each other, we may compare our afflictions together, which we then suffered, when we were reputed timor [...]us, because we foretold those things which haue ensued. As for your affaires, be assured, that you haue no [Page] cause, to feare any other thing, but the generall ruine of the Common-wealth. Of me constantly beleeue, that wherein I may be assisting to you, your safetie, and to your children; I will euer be readie, with the greatest care, and diligence possible. Farewell.

Cicero to Domitius. Ep. 23.

IF I haue not written to you, since your comming into Italie; the reason onely was, because I could promise you nothing; being in so miserable an estate: neither could I aduise you, my selfe wanting councell: and in so grieuous tribulations, I found no m [...]nner of comfort to giue you. And though matters are not now a whit bettered, but stand in worser tearmes then before: yet I tooke occasion rather to write without matter, [...]hen not to write at all. Though you were one of those, that sought to labour more for the Common-wealth, then their power would permit: neuerthelesse, in what I could, I would exhort you, to liue with [Page] those conditions, which may be granted you. Bu [...], hauing impos'd th [...]t end to your resolute, and commendable councell, which Fortune will haue to be the bounds of our contentions: I pr [...]y, and coniure you, by our entire, and auncient amitie, and by that great loue we beare one another, that for my comfort, your Fathers, your mo [...]he [...]s, your wiues, and all your progenies, [...]o whom you are, and euer were most deare; to preserue your selfe; and to haue a care of that which may turne to the good of your estate, and of those that depend on you. Now is the time to reduce to action, the documents which with long studie you haue learn'd out of the writings of wise men. In doing of which, you shall support, though not willingly, at le [...]st with patience, the desire of those f [...]iends you haue lost. I know not mine ovvne worth: nay, I conceiue my worth to be but small; but neuerthelesse I promise you, that I will as effectually labou [...] that, vvhich I thinke may stand with your safetie, and dignitie, as you vvith singular industrie and loue, euer proseq [...]uted my occasions. And this my good will, I haue manifested to your most louing mother, a woman of great bountie, and goodnesse. If you commit any thing to [...]e; I will doe [Page] whatsoeuer I may imagine, stands to your liking. And also if you write not vnto me; I vvill notwithstanding with all care, and diligence doe, what-soeu [...]r I see may redound to your benefit. Farewell.

THE SEVENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 1.

IF any bodily griefe, or your vsuall indisposition hath detain'd you, from comming to the publike sports; I ascribe it rather to Fortune, then to your wisedome. But if you reputed these things vaine, vvhich by others haue beene admired; and being [...]ble, yet vvould not come: [Page] the one, and other please me well; both that you are healthfull of bodie; and that you had so prudent a minde, in contemning those things, which others admire vvithout cause; so that, you haue reaped the fruit of your vacancie, vvhich you might wonderfully enio [...], remaining as it were alone, in that Paradise. Neither doe I therefore doubt, but you spend all the morning, in reading, and studying in that roome of yours, from whence you may disce [...]e, Stabi [...]num, & Sei [...]num. At which time, they that left you there, being drovvs [...]e, beheld amongst the multitude, those, vvhich represented Comedies. The other houres of the day, you after spent in those pleasures, that for your recreation you made choice of: vvheras vve, vvere vr'gd, to heare the Comedies, vvhich Publius Maecius forsoo [...]h approued of. In truth, if you desire, I should tell you; I must needs say, the sports vvere as honourabl [...]e set forth as might be, but not to your liking [...] vvhereof I iudge according to mine ovvne inclination. First, for greater honour to the Festiuitie; they return'd to the Stage, who, I thought, for their reputations sake, had left it. Then our Aesope, who so much delights you, bare him selfe so ill, as he should haue done euery man a fauour, not to haue gone forward in his part; for hauing begunne to sweare, [Page] his voyce fail'd him in that [very] place, If I commit any dec [...]it wittingly. I need not describe the rest vnto you, you knowing how the other playes are. Neither need I to tell you that they had not the pleasing, or gratefull spe [...]ches of ordinary playes. For the pomp tooke away the pleasure; and I am most sure, you wil be very glad you saw it not. For, to see 600. Mules in [the Tragedie of] Clytemne [...]ra; or three thousand standing cups in a Troi [...]ne horse; or sundrie armed showes of horse, and foot, in a battaile; what delight yeelds it? the vulgar admire these things, but they would no vvaies haue contented you. If in those d [...]ies you made your Protoge [...]es read vnto you, so he read not my Orations, vndoubtedly you found [...]a [...]re sweeter recreation, then any of vs. F [...]r as for the Graecian, or Oscian sports, I thinke you neuer desir'd to see them, in that you may see the Oscian, in our Senate; and the Grae [...]ian you so detest, that you accustome not to goe to your countrie Farme by the Greeke way. And why should I imagine, that you desire to see the Champions, when you would neuer see the Fencers? wherein Pompeius himselfe confesseth, that he hath meerely lost his time, and charge, in exercising them. Besides this: For [...]iue whole dayes, I denie not but there we [...]e euery day two magnificent [Page] baytings; but what pleasure can an vnderstanding man take, when by a forcible and strong beast a weake man is torne in peeces; or when a goodlie beast, is with a speare goared through, from one side to the other? These things if they were worthie of sight, thou hast seene them more then once: and we that haue be [...]ne there befo [...]e, saw nothing new or strange. The last day, was of the Elephants: who, stroke the people into great wonder, but gaue no delight; rather a compassion: and men in some sort thought, that, that kinde beast, did participate of humane nature. But because you may not imagine, but that in those dayes, I was not onely happie, but free: I will not forget to aduertise you, how at the same [...]ime, when the Comedies were represented, I was like to breake with the paines, I tooke in de [...]ending the cause of Gallus Caninius, your familiar friend. And if the people fauour'd me, as highly as they did Aesope; before God, I vvould leaue the art willingly, and liue with you, and our equals. For if this kind of life, did not please me, then, vvhen both my yeares, and ambition, excited m [...] to follow it; and when I was not bound to defend any, but such as I thought well of; neither was I bound to defend whom I would not, now I am so weary of it, that I can follow it no more. For [Page] I expect no fruit of my labours; and sometimes I am enforced, to defend such an one, as hath done me an iniurie, at their entreati [...]s, that haue benefitted me. Wherefore, I daily cast about, how I may one day liue, after mine owne humour: and I cannot expresse vnto you, how praise vvorthie I hold your resolution; and how I am satisfied to see you liue so retired. And I grieue the lesse, for your comming so seldome to see vs, for if you vvere at Rome, neither could I enioy your sweete conuersatiō, nor you make vse of mine, be it what it will be, by reason of my troublesome negotiations: from which if I can but ease my selfe, (for I seeke not to be altogether free'd,) I haue a mind not onely to teach others, but your selfe also; vvho for so many years, haue studied nothing else, what that life is, which may truely be call'd a life. Attend you as you doe, to maintaine, and preserue your selfe, in this your weake constitution: to the end that we may visite our countrie houses together, and at ease, range vp and downe, here and there, in our Litters. I haue beene longer then I vse to be; not through the aboundance of my time, but out of loue: you hauing halfe inuited me in a certaine Epistle, to write somewhat, which might make you not repent, that you were not at the sports. Wherein if I [Page] haue giuen you satisfaction, I am glad: if not, I will be of good hope, that an other time you will come to see th [...]m, and visite vs; not expecting, that my letters should herein giue you full contentment. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 2.

I Will diligently performe what you enioyne me: but certainely you were verie circumspect to commit the enterprise to one, who for his owne inter [...]st, desires, that the thi [...]g may be sold very deare: but you shew'd wit in limitting me the price, for which, I was to buy it. For if you had referr'd your selfe to me; as my loue is towa [...]ds you, I would haue enioyn'd my coheires to haue giuen you satisfaction therein. But now I know what you will spend, I will vnde [...]hand send a person, that shall offer neare your price: that th [...]re be no sale made vnder the price you offer: But no more iest [...]ng. I will obserue you with that dilig [...]nce, which I ought. As for Bursa, I am sure, you receiue great contentment; but you reioyce [...]oo coldly with me; supposing [...] as you write, that by [...]eason of his ignobilitie I esteeme [Page] the mirth the lesse, Be assured, that I was more ioyfull at [...]his sentence, then when Clodius was slaine. First, because I loue rather to ouercome with reason, then with armes: then, because it is pleasing to me to ouercome rather with the glorie, then [...]ne of my freind. And aboue all, it lik'd mee, that good Citizens haue manifested so great affection to me, though they perceiu [...]d in opposition, the preualent practises, and infinite desire of Pompeius, a man so honorable, and potent. Last of all, which could scarcelie seeme probable, I wish't worse to this man, then to Clodius himselfe: For [...]o Clodius, in opposing him, I had done an inurie: and to [...]his defending him, a benefit: and Clodius aimed at an high enterprize, s [...]eing all the Commonwealth was to runne the same Fortune with me; neither did hee mo [...]e of himselfe, but through their ass [...]stance, who, I being safe, could not bee s [...]fe themselues. But this fooli [...] creature, for his recre [...]tion, went about to molest me: and made some that enuied m [...]e, beleeu [...], that hee would alwaies be galling of me. I pray therefore reioyce exceedinglie. A great victorie is obtained. There were neuer more resolued Cittizens then they, who durst attempt to condemne him, against Pompeius power, who had chosen them for his i [...]dges; which they [Page] would, neuer haue done, if they had not beene touched at the heart, with my passion. Wee are so incombred heere, with aboundanc [...] of Iudges, and new lawes; that euerie day wee praie that some suspension follow not, to the end that, as soons as may be, wee may see you. Farewell.

Cic [...]ro to Marcus Marius. Epist. 3.

WHEN I consider, (as many times I doe) on the common miseries, wherein for so mani [...] yeares w [...]e haue liued; and for any thing I see, are like st [...]ll [...]o liue; I call to minde that t [...]me, when w [...] were last together. Nay, I remember the day it selfe: For on the xiii. of May, in the yeere, when L [...]an [...]ulus and Marcellus were Consuls; I comming in the euening into Pompeianum, you came presently vnto me, with a minde much troubled; A [...]d the griefe did arise partly from thinking on my office; and in part also for my danger. If I remained in Italie, you doubted least I should faile in my office: and if I went to the ciuill war; you feared I should runne in [...]o some imminent perill. At which time you [Page] might perceiue me also, [...]o disturb'd, and depriued of all counsell, that I knew not how to elect the best. Neuerthelesse, I chose rather to yeelde to the feare of infamie, then to respect mine owne safetie. Which afterwards I grieued at; not so much for feare of d [...]nger, as for [...]he many defects I found there, whither I was gone. First, the Armie was but little and weake: then, except the Captaine, and some few others, (I speake o [...] the chiefest) the rest were in the warre it selfe so rauenous, and in wo [...]ds so cont [...]melious, that the victorie it selfe astonish [...]t mee. I may further adde, that the honourablest Cittizens, of our parts, were much charged with debt, What should I say more? The [...]e was nothing else good; but the occasion of the enterprise. Which hauing obs [...]rued, I dispairing of victorie, first began to counsell [...] peace, as alwaies my custome was. Then Pompeius being ve [...]y farre from this opinion, I began to a [...]e him, to draw the warre out at length. Whereunto sometimes hee consent [...]d, and said he would doe it; and wo [...]ld peraduenture haue so done, if after a certaine encounter, he had not growen too confident in the force of his souldiers: neither afterwards, did that man, so highly euer esteemed, any thing beseeming a good Captaine. [Page] With a new Armie, raised in diuerse places, hee ioyned battaile, with tough and lustie souldiers. Whereupon remaining vanquished, and hauing lost, euen his lodging Tents, alone reproachfully, hee betooke himselfe to flight. And this was my end of the warre: it appearing vnlikely to mee, that being so broken, wee could rest victors, in [...]hat wee were not equall, when we were most entire. I departed from that warre, wherein it was necessarie, either by fighting to die; or to light vpon some trecheries; or fall into the hands of the vanquisher; or haue recourse to King Iuba; or to bee retir'd into voluntarie banishment; or else make choice to kill my selfe. Certainely nothing else could thereon ensue; being neither willing, nor daring, to put thy selfe into the Conquerours hands. But of all the foresaid discommodities, there was none more tollerable then exile; especiallie to him that is innocent; when no further infamie concurr'd therein: and when you are depriu'd of that Cittie, where you can behold nothing without griefe. I made choice to liue amongst my friends, (if one may say, that any man hath now right in any thing) & yet I was pleas'd, to be with my friends. I prognosticated what did afterwards ensue. I came home, not with hope to remaine there [Page] very contented; but so there were any forme of a Common-wealth, to be resident as it were in my countrie: if there were not; to liue as it were in banishment. Me thought I had no occasion, to offer my selfe death; yet many, to desire it. For we commonl [...] say, that a man should no longer esteeme his life, when hee is no more the same man h [...]e was. But notwithstanding to be guiltlesse, is a great [...]x [...]nuation of affliction: [...]speci [...]lly hauing two things for my sustentation, the knowledge of the most commend [...]d arts; and the glorie atchiued by my worth; t [...]e one of which cannot be taken away from mee in life; nor the o [...]her after death. I haue beene trouble [...]ome to you, with this so tedious a discourse; b [...]t knowing you to be most louing to me, and the Commonwealth, I meant absolutely to lay open my minde vnto you: first, to shew you, how I neuer would condiscend, that the power of one Cittizen should be greater [...] then of the whole Commonweal [...]h. But after that through some mans fault the forces of one particular man so encreased, that there was no meanes to resist him, I affected peace: and the Armie being lost, and that Captaine in whom our hopes did liue; my desi [...]e was, that all the rest, should haue giuen ouer the warre; but not obtaining this my selfe alone le [...]t it: [Page] and now if this be a Citie, I make account to be a cittizen; if it bee not, I suppose my selfe to bee an exile, in a place, where I remaine in no worse condition, then if I were in Rhodes, or Mitylene. I desir'd rather to haue discoursed of these things with you face to face; but because I saw, I should not so soone finde opportunitie, I thought good now to write them: to the end that if you chance to bee in any place, where any speake sinisterly of me, you may know how to defend me. For there are some, who, though my death would no waies aduantage the Commonwealth; yet they thinke it a great sinne, that I doe liue. And these men, I am certaine, thinke the number of them that were slaine in this warre, to be very small: who if they had followed my aduise, though with vniust peace, yet with honour, they might haue liued. For they should haue beene inferior in armes onely, but not in equitie. Heere is a longer Epistle then peraduenture you d [...]sired; and I [...]all beleeue you take it so, except you write me another longer. If I can dispatch some businesses of mine owne, I hope shortly I shall see you. Farewell.

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Cicero to Marcus Marius. Epist. 4.

THE xiiii. [of this present.] I came into Gumanum with our Libo: I thinke presently [...]o goe to Pompeianum. But I'le first let you know of it. I desire, that you should be alwaies healthfull; but more questionl [...]sse while wee are [...]ogether. For you see we shall shortly meet. Wherefore if you determined to applie any remedie to the gowte, deferre it while another time. Be carefull there [...]ore of your health, and expect me within two, or three daies. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Caesar Imperator. Epist. 5.

BEhold, how secure I am, that your minde is no wa [...]es different from mine, not onely in my owne occasions, but also in those of my frends. I thought to haue brought Caius Tr [...]batius in my companie, whither soeuer I went, with an intent to do him all the honour and fauours, that possiblie I could: But seeing Pompeius iourney growes much [Page] longer then I supposed: and in that I may easily, for a ce [...]taine suspition that you are priuie to, either stay, or at least prolong my depar [...]ure: see what securitie I repose in you: I haue begun to resolue that Treba [...]ius shall attend for that from you, which hee hoped for from me: and I haue promised him no lesse, in your good affection, then I was wont to assure him of mine owne. But there hath happened a wonderfull accident, as it were to assure mee, that my conceite was not vaine; and to secure me of your fauour. For our [...]riend B [...]lbus, being in my house; and I speaking affectionately to him, of the foresaid Trebatius, a letter of your [...] was brought me, in the end of whi [...]h you wrote thus: I will make Marcus Furius, whom you commend vnto mee, either k [...]ng of Gall, or L [...]pta's Ambassabour. If you please, send mee another, that may for your sake, be honoured. I and Balbus blisse ourselues, that this should happen at such a time, as it seemed not fallen out by chance, [...]ut euen sent from heauen. Behold therefore, I send vnto you Trebatius; and so much the more willinglie, because besides mine owne desire you inuite me to send him also. I entreat you my Caesar, to embrace him with that humanitie, which is so incident to your owne natur [...], and to conferre those benefits vpon him [Page] alone, which for my sake, you would procure any friend of mine. And this I assure you in his behalfe, not with my old manner of speech, whereat writing to you, of Milo, you worthily laughed: but after the Roman manner, as discreet man speake; that there is no man, that in bountie, valour, or modestie, goes beyond him; whereunto may bee added, for the greater ornament of his other qualities, a singular memorie, and perfect knowledge of that, which appe [...]taines to the gouernment of Ci [...]ies. I doe not require you, to make him a Praefect, or a Tribune, or to giue him any oth [...]r dignitie, onely I desire, that you would loue him, and vouchsafe him your accustomed courtesie. And y [...]t, I shall not take it [...]ll, if you please to aduance him, with such like titles of glory. And fin [...]lly, ridding him, as they say, out of mine owne ha [...]ds, I put him into yours, so famous for victorie, and promise obserued. But it may be, I vse more ceremonies in this, then your courteous disposition comporteth: But for those, I doubt not, but wee shall finde a fitter opportunitie hereafter. Be carefull of your health; and continue the loue you beare me. Farewell.

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Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 6.

I Neuer write to Caesar, nor Balbus, but I recommend you; and that not with cold, but with such feruent words, as they giue great notice of the loue, which I professe vnto you. But I pray you, shake off these fantasies, and that same humour of returning to a Citie life: and with care, and resolution, striue to obtaine that you hoped for, vpon your departure. And wee your friends will as readily pardon this, as those noble and rich Matrones pardoned Medea, that inhabited in the high Castle of Corinthus: whom, with her white hand, she made beleeue, that they ought not to reprehend her, because she liu'd remote from her Countrey.

For in the lands of strangers,

Haue risen many rangers,

And haue their Countries publique good procured.

Many in their owne cottage,

Possest with drowzie dotage,

Haue their whole life without ren [...]wne endured.

Among which, questionlesse, you had beene one, if we by violence, had not driuen you from hence. But another [Page] time, I'le write more at large. Now, you that haue studied to open other mens eyes, open so your owne, that you be not deceiued by the Charretiers of Britannia. And [...] seeing I haue begun to enter into that passage of Medea, reser [...]e this alwaies in your minde; That hee's not wise, that's not wise for his owne profit. Looke to your health.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 7.

I Forget not to recommend you: but I would faine heare from you something, about the effects thereof. I haue great hope in Balbus; to whom I often write effectually of you. I wonder much, that when I receiue letters from my brother, you write not to mee. I vnderstand, that in Britannia, there's neither gold, nor [...]iluer: if it bee so, I would wish you out of hand, to take a charriot, and retu [...]ne presently to vs: but in case, that without Britannia, we may compasse our intention, seeke to thrust in, amongst Caesars Familiars. Wherein my brother, and Balbus, will greatly assist you; but assuredly, more your owne modestie, and deserts. You serue one, who, besides many meanes [Page] that he hath to prefer you, is by nature most liberall. You are of an age verie apt to serue him. And by mee, most assuredly, you are recommended with all efficacie: so that you neede to feare but one thing, [which is] that you neglect not your selfe. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 8.

CAESAR hath written very friendly vnto me, how you haue yet no great familiari [...]ie with him, in regard of his great employments; but that without faile, you shal haue hereafter. And I returned answ [...]r vnto him, how acceptable euerie fauour and courtesie that he did for you [...] would be vnto me. But in your letters, I obserue too great haste; and I cannot conc [...]iue, why you refused the benefit of the Tribuneship, [...]specially in that you should haue beene fre [...] from the trouble of executing it. I will expostulate thereof, with Vacerra, and Ma [...]ilius, but not with Corneliu [...] [...] because, confessing, that you were instructed by him, you cannot commit an errour without some imputation to himselfe. I pray, make vse of this opportunitie and occasion, for you [Page] will neuer finde a better. Concerning what you write vnto mee, about that Doctor Pretianus, I cease not to remember you to him. And hee in like manner writes to mee, that you haue occasion to bee beholding to him. I would faine know wherein: and I look that you should write often to mee out of Britannia. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 9.

THese many daies I know not what you doe; for you write nothing to me, nor for these two moneths haue I written to you. Seeing you were not with my brother Quintus, I knew not whether, nor by whom to write, I desire to know, where you are, and where you meane to winter. I could bee glad it were with Caesar: but I durst not write to him thereof, knowing how discontented hee is now: but I haue written of it to Balbus. See you bee not forget [...]ull of your selfe, and returne a little the later, to returne the richer: you need not make haste to come hither, especially Vacerra being dead. But you want no counsell. I would faine know, what resolution you haue vndertaken. [Page] Cneius Octauius, or whether it be Cn [...]iu [...] Cornelius, your familiar friend, borne of a noble family, of which no man hath notice; knowing that I am your friend, inuites mee often to supper with him. But hitherto hee could neuer bring mee thither; and yet I accept of his good will. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 10.

I Haue read your letters, by which I vnderstood, how our Caesar is of opinion, th [...]t in the knowledge of the Lawes you are very profound. You haue cause to reioyce, that you are gotten into a Country, wh [...]re it is thought you know somewhat. And if you had also gone into Britannia, vndoubtedly, in that so great an Island, you would not haue met with your equall. But neuerth [...]lesse (I may well laugh, seeing you inuite me to it) I beare you a kinde of enuie, that you were called by him, to whose friendship [...] not through any pride in himselfe, but by reason of his many negotiations, others cannot attaine. But in these letters, you write nothing to me of your affaires, which certainely touch me, as neerely as mine [Page] owne. I am aff [...]aid, lest this winter, you be frozen, and therefore I wish you, to keepe alwayes a good fire. Mucius, and Manilius concur with me in this opinion, as they that know, that you are not very well furnished with clothes: though I heare, that you in those parts, meet with them that set you on heat. Through which aduertisement, I feared much your occasions. But you are much more circumspect in the Art of war, then in pleading. For, though you can swim excellent well, yet you were not willing to swim in the Ocean, nor to see the Charretiers of Britannia: although, when you were at Rome, you neuer fail'd to goe see them run, and manage horses. How effectually I haue written to Caesar in your behalfe, your selfe knowes: how often, I know. It is true, that for this many daies, I discharg'd not this office; onely because I would not seeme, to distrust in his infinite courtesie, a [...]d of the singular affection that he beares me; notwithstanding, in these last that I wrot, I thought to renue your recommendation to him. And I would bee glad to know, what I haue wrought, and withall of your estate, and all your designes. And therefore I desire to know, what you doe, what you expect, and how long you thinke, to liue from vs: and bee assured, that I cannot endure your absenc [...], [Page] if I perceiue not, that it is [...]o [...] your good. For otherwi [...]e, we are both the foolishest men in the world: I, because I seeke not to draw you to Rom [...]; you, because you come not away flying. One meeting that we haue together, whether it bee about graue, or iesting matters; is certainly mor [...] worth; then, not onely our enemies, but the very Ed [...]i our brethren. And therefore let me know all, as soone as you can: For, by comfort [...] counsell, or effe [...]t, I'le f [...]rther you. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 11.

IF you were not a [...]readie departed from Rome, you would now certainly haue a desire to leaue it. For in so many Interr [...]gnum's, vvho hath need of a Lawyer? I would aduise all Doctors, to demand two Aduocateships of euery Interrex. Doe you not thinke that I am a great proficient in your Law termes? But tell me, vvhat doe you? how goe matters? for I see, that you beginne to iest. These signes are better, then the Statues of my Tusculanum, the vvhich vve also cal signes. But I desire to know, vvhat this imports. You write, that Caesar takes your Councell: I would be [Page] gladder, that he tooke counsell of himselfe, to doe you some good. And if he doe it, or that you hope he will doe it, beare with this warre, and leaue it not. For I, with the hope of your benefit, vvill moderate my desire of seeing you. But if you see no way, to enrich your selfe there, returne to Rome: For here, either you shall at one time or other get somewhat; or if not, one discourse betwixt vs, will questionlesse bee worth more, then all the Samarobri [...]ae that are in the worl [...]. Besides, if you returne presently: you shall minister no great matter of rumour, or talke; but if you continue long abroad, without anie profit, I am much affraid, not onely of L [...]b [...]rius, but of Valerius also our companion; For, in a Comedie, the person of a Doctor of Britannia may fitly bee represented. Doe you laugh? I laugh not; but, of a most important matter, as my vse is, I write iestingly vnto you. But now to lay aside all iests, I most louingly entreat you, if by the meanes of my letters, you be honored, as you deserue, that you will curbe the desire of being with vs, and seeke to [...]ugment your reputation, and benefit. But if matters goe ill forward, returne hither. But be c [...]rtaine, that with your own wo [...]th, and with those offices I performe, in recommending you most effectuallie, you shall obtaine the end of all your desires. Farewell.

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Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 12.

I Could not imagine the cause, why you gaue ouer writing to me. But my friend Panfa tells me, that you are become an Epicurean. Oh! what [...] honorable warre? what would you haue done, if I had sent you to Tarentum, and no [...] to Samarobrina? I neuer liked you since, you commended the li [...]e whereunto Titius also my familiar acquaintance, meant to applie himselfe. But how will you defend ciuill equitie, doing euery thing for your owne i [...]t [...]rest, and nothing for your cittizens? vvhat vvill that part of the law benefit you, vvhich commands, that amo [...]gst good men, promise be kept? how can he be a good man, that does nothing for any man, but himselfe? how will you shew, that, that which is common ought to be deuided: if they which onely respect their owne delight, will haue nothing common? How would you haue men sweare by Ioue [...] if you thinke that Ioue cannot be angrie, with any bodie? And how shall the people of the Vlubrans doe, if you be of opinion, that a man must take no care of publicke things? I am therefore verie sorrie, if it be true, that you are entred into the schoole Epicur [...]s: but if you counterfeit, to humor [Page] Pan [...]a, for your profit; I excuse you: so you will sometimes vvrite, what you doe, and what you would haue me doe, or procure for you. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 13.

HOw come you to conceiue, that I should be so vnreasonable, as to be angrie with you, because you seemed so instable, and desirous to returne to Rome; and that for this cause, I forbare long time to write vnto you? It's true, that the g [...]iefe and discontentment of your minde, which I perc [...]iued in your first letters, troubled mee verie much. But I omitted to write vnto you, for no other cause, but because I knew not where you were, and yet you complaine, and accept not of my excuse. Alas! I pray tell me my Tribatius, is it money that makes you so presumptuous? or is it because Caesar, so great a Captaine employes you? I would I might die, if I doe not thinke, (such is your vaine-glorie) that you had rather be employed by Caesar, then to bee gilded ouer with gold. But be it the one and the other; who will support your pride, besides my selfe, who am a man apt to endure euery thing? But to re [...]urne to my purpose, I am very glad, [Page] that you remaine there so willingly: and as your former discontentment was grieuous to me, so now I am delighted, to see you con [...]ented. Onelie I am in doubt, that your Art, will helpe you but little. For I vnd [...]rstood, that there,

N [...] man decides his cause by law:

But being crost begins to drawe.

And you are not a man, to maintaine quarrells: nay, I know you to bee so modest, that your aduersari [...]s cannot put in this plea against you, that you with armed power, were the first to assaile them. But [...]hat I may giue you so [...]e item also, of those that are not in your bookes, I aduise you to take heed of the Treuiri. I heare that they are [...]ruell. I had rather they were rich: But ano [...]her time peraduenture, I shall haue more leisure to iest. I pray write vnto mee diligently, how al matters are carried there: the iiij. of March. Farewell..

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 14.

CHrysip [...]us Vettius, free-man to Cyrus the Architect, made me thinke that you had not yet forgotten me. For hee saluted me in your name, you are [Page] growne very coy, that you vouchsafe no [...] to write to me, who am so neere a fri [...]nd vnt [...] you. And if you can write no more: there will bee found but few h [...]erea [...]ter, whom you are like to ouerthrow in their suites. But if you haue forgotten me, I will endeauour to come vnto you, before I be cleane razed out of your memorie. If also, the [...]eare of the sommer debilitate you; de [...]ise some excuse, as you did, about Britannia. The foresaid Chrysippus told me, to my singular contentment, that you are one of Caesars intimates, but certainely it would like me better, and more reason there is, that I should haue daily i [...]formation of your proceedings, by your owne letters. To which desire questionlesse you had neuer giuen cause, if with as great care, you had learn'd the lawes of amitie, as you did those that belong to plead [...]ng. But all this I speake by way of [...]est; as [...]ou are wont to doe, and I too sometimes. I beare you vnfeined affection, and I desire; yea, verily I beleeue, that you do the same. Farewell.

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Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 15.

HOw hard a matter 'tis to content them that loue; this may teach you. First you made me dispaire, in that you would not remaine where you are. And now I no lesse despai [...]e, i [...] that you write, that you continue there willingly. Then, I was vext [...] beca [...]s [...] you were not contented to be recommended by my letters; now, I am di [...] pleas'd, because you liue contented, being separated from me. But yet I had rather suffer the want of my p [...]esent desire, then not to behold you in that state, I hope to see you in. I cannot vtter, how glad I am, that you are entred into amitie, with Caius Matius, a courteous and learned man. Vse all meanes po [...]sible, to endeare him to you. Vndoubtedly in this Prouince, you cannot make a greater purchas [...]. See you looke vnto your health. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 16.

IN the Tragedie entituled the Troiane Horse; it's written as you know towards the end. The Troianes wit be [...]gins[Page]too late: But you, little one, delayed not long to get wit. In the beginning you wrote letters [...]o mee full of complaints rather foolish, then otherwise. Afterwards you were not very [...]ond to see Britannia, for which, I can not blame you; and now, I see you whollie addicted, to the winter residences: and you thinke not to stir a foote. You must be wise euery way; [for] [...]his is the course to improue you. If I did vse to sup abroad, I would haue satisfied Cneius Octauius in his desire. But I could not forbeare, hee inuiting me so often, to aske him, who he was? Not to iest: he is an honest man: I would you had taken him along with you. Let me vnderstand by all meanes what you doe, and whether you meane to come into Italie this winter. Balbus writes to me of a certaintie, that you'le become a rich man. I will not now examine, whether [...]ee spake after the Romane phrase, that you were to h [...]ue money enough, or else according to the Stoickes, who affirme, that all they are [...]ich, which enioy heauen, and earth. As many as come from thence, aueire, that you are so haughtie, as you sc [...]rne to answer, to a demand made: Neuerthelesse you haue reason to reioyce; in that it is generally knowne, that at Samarobrina, there is not a learneder man in the laws, then your selfe. Farewell.

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Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 17.

I Haue giuen my brother thankes, as you wrote [I should:] and now finally I may commend you; seeing at last your determinations are firme, and stable In the first moneths you [...]rouck't me much to anger: and sometimes (I'l [...] tell it yee, with your patience) you appeared very mutable, in desiring [...]o returne to Rome; sometimes [...] counterfeit; otherwhiles timerous, in tho [...]e commands that are imposed vpon souldiers; and often, which was not wont to be your fashion, h [...]lfe pre [...]umptuous, and impudent: For you would presentlie r [...]turne, full of monie; as if you had gone to Caesar, with a bill of exchange, and not with a letter of recommendation. And you remembred not how they that went to Alexandria, with letters of exchange to recouer their debts, haue not yet receiued [...]o much as one Harrington. If I had aimed at mine owne profit, I would vndoubtedly haue desired to keepe you about me; for your conuersation yeelded me no small contentment; and your counsell, and endeauours, were verie beneficiall. But knowing the trust you reposed in me, and the affection [Page] you bare me, euen from your younger yeares; I had euer a minde, not onlie to preserue your estate, but to encrease both your honor, and profit. Wherefore, when I had an opinion to goe into my Prouince, you may remember what place I offered you, without being entreated. But after I changed my resolution, perceiuing how Caesar held m [...] in good esteeme, and loued me affect [...]onatelie: and knowing his wonder [...]ull courtesie and rare constancie; I sent you to him; and recommended you, with the greatest efficacie, possible. And he hath often written to me, that for my sake he will shew you all fauors. Euen as to your selfe also, both in words, and effects, he hath manifested. Hauing there [...]o [...]e light vpon such a man: if you thinke I either know any thing, or wish you well, neglect him not: and if any thing peraduenture o [...]end you; supposing, that either through his great occupations, or that he is not able, he doth not so sodainely remunerate your seruice: beare a while, and expect the end; which will yeeld you, honor, and contentment. And take my securitie for the same. It hoots not [...]hat I spend more words in persw [...]d [...]ng you; onlie I giue you this aduise, that neither, to purchase absolutely the loue of so honourable a man, and so liberall, nor to settle you in a [Page] Prouince of worthie emplo [...]ments, shall you euerlight vpon the like occasion. Besides, your bodilie vigor, ca [...] neuer be better. And (as you vse to write in your bookes.) So thought Quintus Cornelius, I am verie glad you went not into Britannia; both because you suffered not the discommodities [of such a iourney,] and in that you haue not to relate vnto me those euents. I praie write vnto mee, where you meane to keepe your winter, and with what hope, and condition. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Ep. 18.

I Receiued at one instant some letters of yours, that were written at diuerse times: Euery thing pleased me: that you prepare your selfe for this warre; and that you are a worthie fellow. And though at the first you seemed to me somewhat vnconstant; yet I thought not, that this proceeded from a wauering minde, but from an ardent desire to be with me. Giue not ouer therefore, so promising a beginning; passe thorough this warlike employment with an inuincible minde. Assure you, you'le gaine much thereby. I'le renue your commendation: but vvhen the time [Page] shall be fitting. Build vpon this, that you cannot desi [...]e more th [...]n my selfe, that your present absence may be very beneficiall. And in testimonie thereof, conceiuing that your lawes doe not helpe you much, I sent you some few daies since, a letter in Greeke, by vvhich you might be ayded. I pray write vnto me, of the successe of the warres of Gallia. For I giue credit, to euery foolish and idle fellowes reports. But as I said, all that you wrote pleased me; onely I maruailed, that you wrote against all common vse; many letters with your owne hand, of one, and the same tenor. For, as for writing to me, vpon r [...]zed paper, I see your frugalitie, and I commend you for it: But I am a considering, what it might be that was first vvritten there; vvhich you vvould rather cancell, then vvrite out: vnlesse peraduenture, they were your law cases. For I cannot be perswaded, that you would raze out my letters, to insert your owne. Was it happily your meaning to let me know, that your employments, were vnfruitfull, and that you get not so much, as may buy you paper? This is your owne fault, who carryed with you shamefastnesse, and would not leaue it behind you here with vs. I'le commend you to Balbus, when he comes thither, after the Romaine manner, that is, with all efficacie: [Page] and if you receiue not my letters so suddainely, doe not wonder. For I will be abroad all the moneth of Aprill. I write this in P [...]ntinum, staying a while, in the Farme, of Marcus Aemilius Philemon: From whence I was wont, to heare the noise of my Clients, who by your meanes, committed themselues to my care. For 'twas confidently told me, that a multitude of frogs were assembled together in Vl [...]bra, to come and visite me. Farewell. They viij. of Aprill, from Pontinu [...].

THough your letter vvhich L [...]c [...]us Aruntiu [...] deliuer'd me, vvas very innocent; because it contein'd nothing, that might not securely haue beene read in the hearing of the people: yet I rent it, as vvell because of Lucius Aruntius words; vvho said, that he receiu'd from you the like commission; as because in the end of the selfe sa [...]e letter you put me in minde to doe so: but no more of this. I maruaile that you neuer since wrote vnto me; especially so great newes hauing occurred. F [...]evvell.

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Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 19.

SEE, whether I loue you: (though certainely vpon iust occasion [...] for, I doe not goe beyond you in loue) for being now farre o [...]f, I could not withhold that from you, which in R [...]me I would not grant, nor so much as promise you: wherefore, so soone as I dep [...]rted from V [...]li [...], I began a ship-bord, to compose the Topicks of Aristotle: and the sight of that Citie, because it was so aff [...]cted to you, made mee haue a desire vnto it. I sent you the booke from Regium: in which you shall see, that I haue entreated of that matter, as plainely as possible I could: but if some things seeme obscure vnto you: you must imagine, that no science can bee learn'd out of writing, without an Interpretor; and without some exercise: and not to go [...]a [...] from the matter; your Lawes, thinke you they can bee le [...]rn'd out of bookes onely? which, though they be many; neuerthelesse, they requi [...]e a teacher, and exposition. Though, if you read my booke attentiuely, and often, I will not say, you shall reape a [...]l the fru [...] that you desire; but at least, you shal [...] vnderstand the matt [...]r of your selfe. And, i [...] you will [Page] haue also the places, from whence you draw your arguments, when any question is propounded, to come readily to minde; exercise is necessarie: wherin I will helpe you, if I returne safe, and finde things safe at Rome: Farewell, the xxviij of Iuly, from R [...]gium.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 20.

SInce I knew the affection that the Citie of Velia beares you; I thought her more worthie of my loue: though she loues not you onely, who is belou'd of euerie one; but also your Ru [...]io, who is as much desired, as if hee were one of vs. But I thinke you verie wise, in causing him to come to your building. For, [...]hough Velia is of no les [...]e est [...]eme then Lupercal, neuerthelesse, I had rather you would make a building in Rome, then anie where else. But for all this, if you'l follow my councell, as you were wont, you sh [...]ll not sell your fathers possessions, which you haue here; (I speake this, because the Velienses something doubted thereof) Neither shall you leaue Hele [...]es an excell [...]nt riuer; nor forsake the house, sometimes of Papi [...]ius: though it haue [Page] a groue, where euen strangers are wont to rest themselues. Notwithstanding, if you cut it, you will haue a goodly prospect. But it may bee verie commodious for you, especially in these times; first, to haue their Citie for a receptacle, to whom you are deere; then your owne house, and your farmes also; especially in a remote, heal [...]hfull, and pleasant place. And, I thinke, my Trebatius, it will also be fit for me. But regard your health, and haue a care of my matters, expecting me, by the Gods helpe, before Autumne. I haue caused Sex [...]us Fabius, to giue me his Master Nico [...]s booke, wherein hee treateth of eating well. O sweet Physician! how willingly I learne these precepts: I maruell our Bassus neuer spake word to me of this book. It seems he spake to you. The winde riseth, haue a care of your health. From Velia, the xxth. of Iulie.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 21.

AFter I had informed you of the cause of Silius; hee came to mee: and I telling him that you were of opinion, that promise wi [...]hout preiudice to his right, might bee made in this forme: [Page] If Quintus Caepio the Praetor, hath giuen me possession of the goods of Turpilic [...] He answered me, that hee vnde [...]stood from Seruius Sulpitius, that a will is nothing worth, if it be made by him, that hath no power to testate. Adding, that Offilius a [...]firm [...]d the same; but that of this, he could not talke with you: and hee prayed mee to commend his cause vnto you. Be assured, that besides you, I haue not a greater friend then he: neither know I a better man. Therefore it would please me verie well, and I much entreat you, [...]hat you would [...]inde him out. But doe it, if you loue me, out of ha [...]d. Farewell.

Cicero to Trebatius. Epist. 22.

YEster-night, at the Table, you laught a [...] me, because I said, it was a doubtful case, wh [...]ther an hei [...]e might in right, challenge a th [...], which was committed before his time. Wh [...]reupon, though I return'd late home, [...]nd full of wi [...]e; neuerthelesse, I noted [...]he place, where the said case is written; and I sen [...] it you: because you might know, that Sextus Aelius, Marcu [...] Man [...]lius, and Marcus Brutus, are of a contrarie opinion: [Page] and yet I agree to S [...]euola's opinion, and yours. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Fabius Gallus. Epist. 23.

I Had not beene long come from [...]rpi [...]as, when your letters were deliuered me: and by the same messenger, I receiu'd one from Anianus: wherin [...]e courteously promis [...]d mee, that at his comming, I should become his debtor, for what time I would. Imagine a little, that you are my selfe. Do [...] you thi [...]ke it stands, ei [...]her with your modestie, or mine; first, that I demand a day of paimen [...]; and [...]at afterwards, I should requ [...]re it for aboue a yeere [...] but all had be [...]ne [...]ell, if you had brought those things, which I desir'd, and [...]or such a sum as I would. And neuerthel [...]s [...]e; with that, you write you h [...]ue bought, I shall not only be content, but take also great pleasure therin; knowing euidently, that you haue vs'd not only diligence about it, but also loue: and that you haue not bought a thing, which you thought not fit for me. But haue first satisfied your owne iudgement, the which in euerie thing I haue alwaies reputed excell [...]nt. Yet I would [Page] not haue D [...]masippus change his minde: Be [...]ause you haue not bought a thing [...]o my liking. You haue, not knowing my mann [...]r, bought these foure, or fiue statues, at so great a price, as I would not giue it for all the sta [...]ues that can be found. Besides, you paralell these statues, with the Mus [...]s of M [...]tellus. What comparison is there? First, I would neuer haue so high priz'd the Muses themselues: and all the Mus [...]s would haue beene contented with this my iudgement. Neuerthelesse, they would haue well beseem'd my Librarie, as a conuenient ornament for our studies. But the statua's of Bacchus, how they like me! Oh they are faire! I know it too well: and I haue se [...]ne them often; but if they had pleas'd me, I would haue giuen you speciall commission [to buy them:] For, I vse to buy those statues, the which after the manner, as is accustomed in schooles; may adorne my roome, in the Palaestra. But the statua of Mars, how can that fit me, who euer procur'd, and perswaded peace? I am glad there was neuer a statua of Saturnus. For it, and that of Mars, I should haue thought, would haue indebted me. I ra [...]her would, that there had been one of Mercurius: b [...]cause I thinke, Auianus would haue come to a more reasonable price. Whereas you write, that you would haue that Tr [...]pesophorus, [Page] or Statua, which supports the table; if you like it, I'le giue it you: but if you be chang'd, I'le keepe it my selfe. With the money, certainely, which you haue spent vpon these statues, I could farre more willingly haue bought a lodging at Tarracina, not to bee alwaies troubling my friends, by lying in their houses. But I see the fault is in my free-man, to whom I specified the things I would haue: and likewi [...]e in Iunius; who, as I suppose you know, is absolutely for Amanu [...]. I haue begun in a gallerie of my Tusculan [...]m, certaine [...]ting rooms, the which I would adorne wi [...]h faire pictures. For, if any s [...]ch like things delight me, picture pleaseth me. But yet if these statues must lye vpon my hands, certefie mee where they are, when I mu [...]t send for them; and how to conuey them along. For, if Damasippus will not haue them, wee sh [...]ll finde some other Damasippus, though I should lose somewhat therein. As for the house, when I receiued your other letters, I was vpon my departure: and therfore I left the care to my daughter; and spake also thereof to your Nicia, who, as you know, is a friend to Cassius. But when I was returned, be [...]ore I could read these your last; I demanded of my daughter, if she had done nothing in it [...] shee answered me, that she had spoken therof to Licinia, Cassius sister, with whom I [Page] suppose, he conue [...]seth not much. And shee said [...] that shee durst not part with that house, without Decius her husbands knowledge, who is gone into Spaine. It l [...]kes me well to see, that you make so g [...]eat account of conuersing, & liuing with me; first that you would take that house, wherein you sh [...]ll not onely dwell neere me, but as it were with me; besides, because you haue so great a desire to come to it; vvhich notwithstanding, let me not liue, i [...] it be greater then mine. Wherefore I will vse all [...]he mean [...]s I can therein, perceiuing how much it imports both th [...] one, and other of vs. If I can do any thing you shall vnderstand of it. Write backe to [...]e of euery thing: and certifie me if you please, when you will come. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Fabius Gali [...]. Ep. 24.

VVHether soeuer I turne my selfe, I see manif [...]st signes of the loue you beare me: vvhich was the occasion, that you were disple [...]d abou [...] Tigellius. I thanke you ther [...]fore fo [...] your good will: but I'le deliu [...]r you the case briefly. Capius (i [...] I be not deceiu'd) was wont to say, I sleepe not to euery man: So, I serue not euery bodie. [Page] But what [...]er [...]ice is this? Heretofore, when I vvas in great esteeme, I was not so much obserued, and reuerenc [...]d of euery bodie, as I am at this present, by all Caesars friends, e [...]cept onely by this man. Wher [...]of me thinkes I make g [...]eat v [...]e, in that I cannot tolerate such an one; more pestile [...]t, then his countrie it selfe [...] And I thinke he tooke this h [...]rd conceit against me, because himselfe could haue lik't well of the praises, which Calu [...]s Licinius bestowes vpon me, after the manner of Hipponactes. But see, wherefore he is in choller with me; I vndertooke to defend the cause of Phamea, out of a desire to doe him a fauour: for he conuersed with me verie domesticallie: Now, he came to me, & told me, that the Iudge would heare his cause, presently on that day, vvhen I was to sit in counsell about Publius Sextius. I answer'd him, that I was desirous to pleasure him; but that it vvas not possible: and vpon any other daie, when he thought good, I would not faile him. He, knowing that he had a Nephevv, which play'd sweetly, and sang very well, departed from me, so farre as I could perceiue, halfe angrie. You may see the na [...]ure then, of these Sardi: they are like those which are sold in the open ma [...]ket place, one vvorse, then anoth [...]r. You haue heard my reas [...]ns, and the fume of this Sala [...]on. Send [Page] to me your Cato, I desire to read it. It's a shame for vs both, that I haue not yet read it. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Fabius. Gallus. Ep. 25.

GRieue not that I rent your letter; for I haue kept it; and you may haue it, when you will. I thanke you for aduertising me; and I pray you to a [...] uertise me continually: For you seeme to feare, that if we haue other superior, then this man, our ioy, may change into mourning. But doe you not see, that the Master comes, sooner then we thought? we must lay downe the pensill: to the end that the praises giuen by vs to Cato, turne not to our preiudice. Be a [...]sured my Gallus, that, that part of your letter, could not haue beene set downe more to the purpose; where you say, o [...]her things are [...]ransitorie. Heare this in secret: keepe it to your s [...]lfe: tell it not to Appella your freeman: no man writes after this manner, but we two. I doe not say, well, or ill; suffice it, that no man writes as we doe: pros [...]qu [...]e then your style, and neuer giue it ouer. For 'tis that, which teacheth vs [...]o speake well [...]; and I beginne to spend therein also a part of the night. Farewell.

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Cicero to Gallus. Ep. 26.

HAuing now beene ten dayes grieuously sicke of the collick, and not being able to persvvade them, that would haue employed me, that I vvas ill; hauing no feauer. I sl [...]pt awaie to Tuscula [...]um: vvhere finding my selfe verie wearie of that infirmitie, especially hauing continued two dayes without tasting a drop of water, or any thing else: I thought that you should rather haue a care of of me, then I of you. I vse to be greatly afraid of all diseases; but most of that, for vvhich the Stoicks reprehend your Epicurus, hearing him say, that the difficultie of vrine, and of the bloudie Flix, disturbed the peace of his minde. One of vvhich diseases is thought to proceed from superfluitie of meates; and the other by a more dishonest occasion: I doubted much in the beginning, lea [...]t it vvould haue beene a Fluxe: but it seemes I receiued good by change of ayre: or peraduenture, because I haue freed my minde of many cares; for, this [...]uill was alreadie in declination. Neuertheles [...]e because you shall not wonder, from whence this disease growes, and from what disorders: the law vpon expenses, which seemes to haue brought [Page] continencie, made me erre. For while these gallants, who are curious in their meates, beginne to bring into reputation those things, that spring out of the earth, which are exempted from the l [...]w; th [...]y season mush [...]oanes; and little, and all sorts o [...] herbes; with so gre [...]t Art, that better cannot be [...]aten. Hauing therefore eaten thereof in Lentulus ho [...]se; a cruell Fluxe came vpon me, which hath h [...]ld me till now: and so I that easily refrained from Oysters, and Lampries, I haue beene deceiued; by what? by Beetes, and Mallowes. Hereafter therefore wee'le looke b [...]tter to it. But it had beene your part, hauing vnderstood it by Anitius, who saw me vomiting; not onely to send, but to haue come, and seene me. I make account to stay here, vvh [...]le I recouer my dissipated forces. But if I can rid my selfe of the disease, I hope easily to recouer them. Farewell.

Cicero to Gallus. Ep. 27.

I Know not wherefore you complaine of me [...] hauing no occasion: & though you h [...]d, yet should you not complaine. Y [...]u write, that when I was Consull, I made vse of you; and that Caesar will restore you, into your countrey. You [Page] speake it too confidently; but none beleeues you. You adde, that you demanded the Tribuneship for my sake. I would you had beene alw [...]ies Tribune. For you should not haue beene to seeke of an Intercessor. Afterwards, you sting me, saying, th [...]t I dare not speake [...]r [...]ely; as if I had not freely [...]nswered you, when you imm [...]destly entre [...]ted me. This I write vnto you, to giu [...] you to vnderstand, that in these qu [...]kes of wit, in which you [...]uppose your sel [...]e, to be some bodie; you deser [...]e no commendation. But if you had mildly complained of me; willingly, & as p [...]easingly I would haue iustified my selfe. I d [...]slike not what you haue done, but what you haue written. And I wonder much, that you should not esteeme me a free man, hauing preserued others libertie. But if the things were false, which you, as you say, laid open to me: what am I bound to you for it? if true [...] you may be a sufficient testimonie, how much the people of Rome, are bound vnto me. Farewell.

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Cicero to Curius. Epist. 28.

I Remember, I [...]hought you heretofore not ver [...]e wise, in [...]hat you wou [...]d liue rather there [...]h [...] with vs: for [...]he situation of this Citie, when it was a Citie, was more conformable to your affable and sweet nature: then all Pelopo [...]nesus, therefore farre more then Patrae. Now contrariwise, it appeares vnto me, that you were verie circumspect; when, seeing no remedie for the matters of Rome, you went into Graecia: and that you are at this present not onelie wise, in being farre from hence [...] but also happie. Though now a daies, who can be happie that knowes any thing? But as you are gone into a part, where you heere not the iniquities that are heere committed; so haue I found out another meanes not [...]o heare them. For, since I betooke my selfe to my friends that come to visite me: who for this cause also, come hither oftner then they were wont; for they thinke they see a white bird, when they see a good Cittizen; I retire mee to my Librarie. From whence I compile workes, that peraduenture will please you. For I once vnde [...]stood, that you reprehending my affliction; said, that you perceiu'd not [Page] in me that greatnesse of minde, which my Booke inferred. But as in that time, I mournd for the Common-wealth: which not on [...]lie for her benefits towards mee, but also for mine towards her, was ve [...]ie deare vnto me: so now, though not onelie reason comforte [...]h me, which is of great force, but also time, which impaireth griefe, euen in fooles; yet I lament, that common libertie is so lost, that no hope remaines, to regaine it. N [...]ither hitherto can we complaine of him, that gouernes all things, (except peraduenture this be his offence) but Fortune hath beene in fault for some things; and for some, our selues also. So that we must not grieue for that which is past. As for that, that is to come, I see no hope at all. Whereupon I returne where I began. You were wise, if iudgment; happie, if fortune caus'd your departure. Farewell.

Manius Curius, to Cicero his Master. Epist. 29.

FOR, though Atticus bought me, you enioy me: so [...]hat the fruite is yours, and the possession his: which, if [...] would sell, he could finde but a little [Page] for it. But what thinke you of the testimonie I make, whersoeuer I come? By saying, that I acknowledge all my good from you; that I liu [...]; that I haue; that I am in anie esteeme? Wherefore my Cicero perseuer constantl [...] in preseruing me, and cōmencing me, especially to Sulpitius your successor: that I may the more easilie obey your precepts, and see you at Rome, to my great contentment; and more commodiouslie carrie my things from hence, and conueie them with me. But shew not this letter to Atticus. Let him beleeue, that I am an honest man, and that I vse not to gratifie two men with one thing. Be carefull theref [...]re good Patron, to maintaine your health: and salute my Tiro in our behalfe, The xxix. of October.

Cicero to Curius. Epist. 30.

NOW I neither perswade, nor entreate you to re [...]urne home: nay, and I also desire to d [...]part, and arriue in some quarter, where I may not heare the name, nor the workes o [...] the children of Pelops. You will not beleeue what blame I think my selfe worthie [Page] of, f [...]r being present at these things. You seeme to haue foreseene long be [...]ore, what would ensue, when you departed from hence. For though these things be also bitter to heare; yet [...]o heare, is more tollerable then [...]o see [...]hem. You were not in Campus Mar [...]ius, when, at two a clocke, the people being to be assembled, for the creation of Quaestors, Quintus M [...]ximu [...] his seate was placed, whom [...]hey nominated Consull: but his death being vnderstood, his seate was carried away: and Caes [...]r, leauing the crea [...]ion of Quaestors, created a Consull, who was to hold his Magistra [...]i [...], [...]rom seauen a clocke, till [...]he Calends of Ianu [...]ie, wh [...]ch were on the morning of the day following. So that, all the while Caninius was Consull, no man dined; neither was [...]here any hurt done. For hee was so vigilant, that hee neuer slept in all his Consulship. You thinke these things worthie the [...]u [...]hing at: because you are not heere: but if you were, you would not forbeare teares. And what if I should write vnto you of further matters? For there are an infinite companie of such like: the which doubtlesse I could not endure, if I had not retired my selfe into the Port of Philosophie; and had our Atti [...]us, for a com [...]anion in my studies. To whom, seeing you wri [...]e, that the possession [Page] and power of your person belongs, and to me to employ, and enioy you: I am content therwith. For then a thing is possessed, when a man enioyes, and vseth it. But of this, at some other time, I'le write more at large. Acilius who was sent into Greece with an armie, is much obliged to me: For in the better times of the Common-wealth, I defended him twice, in cases of high importance. And he is a thank [...]ull man, and do'es mee great honour. I haue written exactly, this fastned l [...]tter, in your fauour [...] which when hee receiueth, what o [...]fers he makes you, I would be glad to vnderstand. Far [...] well.

Cicero to Curio. Epist. 13.

BY your letters I easilie comprehend two things, which I haue alwaies desired: one, that you g [...]eatlie esteeme me; another, that you know your selfe beloued of me: Let's therefore contend in courtesies one to [...]nother; wherein, whosoeuer remaines superior, I shall be equallie satisfied. I am glad that it was not nece [...]rie [...]o deliu [...]r my letter to Acilius. I see you [Page] haue had no great need of the Sulpicius offices; because your matters were so shefled vp together, that they haue as you write, neither hands nor feete. I would they had their feete, to the end that you might once returne, because you see, that those wittie and ingenious mottoes, so long in vse, are euery day more and more decaying, if wee few, preserue not the auncient Atticke glorie: as Pomponius, who next to you, in promptnesse of wittie sayings, is the chiefest; and I after him, might deseruedly say. Come therefore, I pray you, to the end that the seed of wittie iests may not be destroyed, as the Commonwealeh is extinguished. Farewell.

Cicero to Volumnius. Epist. 32.

BEcause familiarlie, as you should, you haue written vnto me, without your forename: first, I was in doubt, whether the Senator Volumnius with whom I entertaine great friendship, wrote vnto me; Afterwards, the wittie conceits of the letter made me thinke that it was yours. In which letter euerie thing gaue me great contentment [...] [Page] but this; [...]hat you doe with little diligence defend the possession of my essaies: writing to mee, that after my departure all the sayings, euen to those of Sextius, are attributed to me. Doe you then suffer it? doe not you defend me? I thought I had left my mottoes so sign'd, [...]hat they might haue beene discern'd from others. But seeing in Ro [...]e is such ignorance, [...]hat no saying is so vnproper, that appeares not wit [...]y vnto some man: I entreat you, by the loue you beare me, if there bee not some pregnan [...] conceit in those, which Iulius in my second booke of the O [...]ator, produceth, that you will affirme all the rest not to bee none of mine, offering to wager against him, that will not beleeue it. Whereas you complaine of the Iudgements, I care much lesse, let the worst en [...]ue that may of all defendants. Let Selius also bee so [...]loquent, that he can make men beleeue that he is Free borne, I care not much. But I pray, let vs defend with all ou [...] power, the possession of gracefull wi [...]tie passages. Wherein I onely preferre you [and] contemne all others. You thinke that I [...]est with you? Now I see you haue wit. But speaking in good earnest, your letters appeared to mee very elegant. And though they should be, as they were ridiculous. Yet did not I laugh: Because I would, that our [Page] [...]riend should gouerne himselfe, with all wisdom, both for his own respect; (for I loue him well, as you know) as also for the Cōmon-wealth; which though she be ingrate towards me, neuertheles, I cannot forbeare to loue her. Now my Volumnius, seeing you haue begun; and that you finde you are deere vnto me, write vnto me often of the affaires of Rome, and of the Common-wealth. I take great pleasure to read your letters. Besides this, though Dolob [...]a bee verie desirous to doe mee any pleasure, and beares me entire affection; yet exhort him to perseuere in his good will; & work so, that he may be wholly mine. I vse vnto you al importunity herein, & yet am not satisfied. Neither doth this grow, because I doubt; but because I desire it beyond measure. Farewell.

Cicero to Volumnius. Epist. 33.

THough you are not now here, when we exercise our selues in declaiming; yet haue you no preiudice thereby. Neither neede you enuie Hirtius; [Page] as you write you should doe, if you lou'd him not. Except you would enuie him, rather for his eloquence, then for hearing my disputations. For, my sweet Volumnius, I am of no worth; and if I be worth anie thing, yet I hate my selfe, hauing lost those companions, for whose sake, you held mee happie. And though otherwhiles, I published something worthie my name; now I lament, that these my darts were throwne, not against armed men; but against birds, as Philoctetes saith in At [...]ius, [...]aring no more for glorie. But yet I shall be merrie, if you come; though, you shall come in the verie height of occupations. From which, if I can free my selfe, I will leaue these businesses, to liue with you and our common frend [...]. For your Cassius, and our Dolobella, (though both th'one, and other, may be term'd ours) attend also to the same studies: & I giue eare vnto them willingly. Here we haue neede, of your so exquisite, and perfect a iudgement, and of that your so profound knowledge; so that many times, it makes me reserued in my speech. I am constantly resolu'd, if Caesar will, to lay aside hereafter that person, wherein I haue many times giuen him satisfaction, and to shut my selfe vp in studies, [...]o enioy an honest vacancie, together with you, and others, that haue a desire to vnderstand. [Page] I would not haue had you to doubt, that your letters would haue annoyed mee, i [...] they had, as you write, beene long; for, I assure you, the longer, the more acceptable. Farewell.

THE EIGHTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 1.

AT my departure, I promised to write diligently to you, of all things that should fall ou [...] in R [...]me. Whereupon I haue collected euerie flying newes so particularly, as I feare, lest this my [...]oo affected diligence, hath exceeded those bounds, beyond which it growes irkesome. Although I know, how curious you, and how glad they, that be far from their Countrey are, to [Page] vnderstand euerie little matter that occurreth. Neuerthelesse, I earnestly entreat you, to hold me for a man, that sets not too much by himselfe, though the paines be not mine, but committed to others: not because, it is not pleasing vnto mee, to be often mindefull of you: notwithstanding all my employments, and naturall slothfulnesse, in writing to my friends, which you are priuie to. But the profunditie of the booke, which I send vn [...]o you, will easily, as I suppose, excuse mee. I know no man so discharged of businesse, that could completely, not onely no [...] haue written all things ther [...]in contain'd; but not so much as haue obseru'd them. You shall there see, all the decrees of the Senate, all the Edicts, all the Comedies, euen to the vulgar tales th [...]t a [...]e dispersed. And if peraduenture such aduer [...]isments please you not, let me know it [...] that hereafter I disturbe you no more, at my charge. Important aff [...]ires of the Common-wealth occurring, that [...]hese mercen [...]rie writers cannot display in that manner, as were requisi [...]e; I will write them: and giue you notice, both of that which hath happened, and of the iudgement that afterward passed thereof, and what is therin expected. Now, at this present, there is nothing in hand, of any moment [...] There is a report spred, as farre as C [...]ma [Page] only, and no further, about those conuentions of people beyond Poe; at my returne to Rome, I heard no bodie speak a word of it. Withall, Marcellus propounded not in the Senate, that there should a new gouernour bee sent into the Galliae. He told mee, that in the Calends of Iune, he would propound it. But certainely, hee came very much short of that feruencie, which he shewed, when wee were both in Rome. I would bee glad to know, if you haue found Pompeius, as you desired: what your opinion of him is? what discourses you haue had? and what minde, and resolution it seemes to you, I will not say, that hee hath, but what hee makes s [...]ew to haue? For, hee vseth to speake one thing, and reserue in his minde to doe another. Although he is not of so circumspect a wit, that hee can so disguise his thoughts, that they may not outwardly appeare. Of Caesar, there is euerie moment some ill newes: but nothing ver [...]fied. True it is, there is great muttering. One saies, hee hath lo [...]t his Cauallerie: which I take to bee most true: Another affirmes, that his seuenth legion was discomfited, and that the Bellouaci haue closed vp the passage, that hee cannot returne to the other peopl [...]. And though the [...]e bee no certaintie; neuerthelesse, not being contraried; the vulgar speake thereof: and [Page] some, who you know, withdraw themselues to reason together: and I can tell you, that by this time, Domitius laies his hand on his mouth. On the 13. of May, a rumour was raised by the men of newes, at Penny-lesse Bench, that you were dead: which returneth vpon his head, that dispersed it: so that ouer all Rome, a report was divulged, that you were slaine on your iourney, by Quintus Pompeius. I, that know how Quintus Pompeius is at Bauli, in so great miserie, that hee maintaines his life, by carrying men for hire; was not much moued thereat, and I desired, that all perils that may accrue to you might proue like to this. Your Plancus is at Rauenna, and though Caesar gaue him a great present, yet is hee not in prosperous estate, nor furnished, as it were requisite. Your bookes, wherein you frame the state of an excellent Common wealth, are read of euerie one with admiration. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 2.

VVEll, he is absolued. I was there when his absolution was published, and that not onely by [Page] one part of the three, which are to iudge; but by them all: and by all sentences he is absolued. Oh! will you say; speake you in good earnest? 'tis as I tell you. None would haue beleeued it, and it seemes a thing very strange. I, who grea [...]ly desired, for the amitie betwixt vs, his absolution, rather prepared my selfe to condole with him: but seeing sentence past, in his fauour, I was altogether a [...]tonished, & it seemed to me a miracle: Then imagine, vvhat it seemed to others. With great exclamations the iudges replied, shewing [...]uidently, that it was not a thing to be supported. Whereupon, though he be [...]ree'd by the Law Licinia, he seemes to be fallen into a greater danger. Withall, the day after the said absolution, Hortensius presented himselfe in Curio's Theater, as I thinke to be seene, and because we should reioyce with him in his ioyes. But, as many as were there, began to [...]rample, rore, to make a thundring, to cry out, and keepe a buzzing: which was the more obserued, because Hortensius was come to old age, without euer hauing beene whistled at [...] But on that day, he was so soundly handled, as it might suffice any man, for all the daies of his life. Of the Common-wealth, I can write nothing to you. Marcellus irruptions are pacified; not out of neglect, but in my opinion, for [Page] some secret respects. Of the creation of Consuls, not knowing the time, I can giue you no certaine aduertisement. Marcus Octauius, sonne to Cneius, and Caius Hirrus, are competit [...]rs with me, in the petition for the Aedileship: the one is really noble; the other pretends to be noble, but is not. I was desirous to write this, to put you into greater expectation of the issue, hearing that Hirrus is my concurrent. Neuerthelesse as soone as you are aduertised of my creation, I pray, remember the Pan [...]hers, and to procure Sitius to pay me. I gaue to Lucius Castrinius Paeto, the first volume of the matters of Rome; the second, to him that brings you these. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 3.

VVHat will you say now? doe I not write vnto you? doe I not quite contrarie to that you said? Yes certainely, so that my letters come to your hands. And in this, my diligence is the greater; because when I haue time to spare, I cannot haue a better recreation. When you were in [Page] Rome, and I had no businesse, I vsed to come, with great contentment to your house, and to passe the houres with you, in sundrie discourses. I would I could now doe so? for in truth, since your departure, me thinkes I am not onely left alone, but that Rome remaines voyd. And wheras before many times (such was my negligence) I let slip many daies without comming to see you. Now in conclusion, I am readie to teare my selfe with my [...]eeth, because I cannot be euery day with you. But Hirrus my competitor is the greatest cause, that I desire you, day and night. Oh! if you knew, how this your concurrent in the Augurship, is vexed; and faynes not to see, that my plots take better effect, then his: of which I desire you may be aduertised, for in truth, you would wish it more for your owne respect, then mine. For if I remaine A [...] dile; it may so be, that I shall be created, with some rich associate: But if Hirrus get it not, we shall haue such sport, at his repulse, that for all the time of our life, we shal neuer want matter to laugh at. May this be? so 'tis certainely. Neither can Marcus Octauius in any sort pacifie their hatreds, that are opposite to Hirrus, who are many. As for Milo's goods: I haue so wrought, that Philotimus your wiues free-man hath restored them to his kindred; [...] haue acknowledged [Page] herein his fideliti [...], and loue, giuing him in reward of his seruice, as much, as you set downe. Now, it remaines, that I entreat you, that if you haue spare time, as I hope you shall, to direct vnto me some worke: that by this I may know, you are mindfull of me. Questionlesse you'le say; your request is not foolish, but how came this into your minde? I would, that among so many compositions of yours, some one might come to light, which might also be a testimonie to posteritie, of our friendship. For the qualitie of the worke, I referre it to you: for you hauing all knowledge, can best determine of the subiect: In generall I tell you, th [...]t I desire a thing, which may be fit me, and that it may be replenish't with documents; to giue men occasion, more willingly to read it. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 4.

I Enuie you, because you haue euerie day so great newes, as makes you wonder: first, that Marcus Messalla, was absolu [...]d, and afterwards condemned: that Caius Marce [...]lus remaines Consull: that Marius Calidiu [...] after his repulse, [Page] was accused by Marcus Gallius, and Quintus Gallius, brethren: that Publius Dolabella is one of the fifteene. But I enuie you not, because you did not see, how many colours came into Lentulus Crusc [...]llus countenance, when he had the repulse. For certainely there was neuer a more delight some thing to behold: and peraduenture he thought it would not so haue past with him: and Dolabella himselfe had little hope thereof. But if our Gentlemen had not had their eyes open; vndoubtedly, he had ouercome his sute: and his opposite would almost voluntarily, haue giuen ouer the enterprise. I doe not thinke you wonder, that Seruius, chosen Tribune of the people, should be condemned. Whose place Curio hath demanded: and in their hearts, who know not his gentle disposition, he hath imprinted a strange feare. But as I hope, and desire, and as he makes shew, he will not start an inch from the Senate; nor from the partie of good men: he is now wholly for this. And that he tooke vpon him such a resolution, Caesar was the occasion, who not vsing to respect money for the obliging of euery man to him, how base soeuer he were; seemed to make little reckoning of him. Wherin I thinke, as also by others he hath beene aduertised, that a matter of pleasant admiration ensued, Curio who euer [Page] before had carried himselfe inconsiderately, hauing vsed all his wit, and cunning, to frustrate their designes, which made opposition to him in his Tribunship: I speake of the Laelij, Antonij, and other bragadoshi's. I deferred to write vnto you, because the creation of Magistrates hanging in suspence, I was enforced continually, to attend vnto negotiations: and partly I was desirous to tarry the end; that so I might aduertise you of euery thing; and supposing they would presently be dispatcht, I expected till the first of August. The creation of the Praetors, was prolonged, through certaine impediments. I know not how fauourable fortune will be to me, in the creation of the Aediles Curules. It is true, that in that of the Aediles of the people, manifest signes appeared more in fauour of me, then Hirrus. Of Marcus Caelius Vicinianus I haue no feare. You know how we made a scoffe of him, when he said, that he would put on for the creation of a Dictator. The foole propounded it, and remain'd vilified: and many cries were heard against him. The same people afterwards seemed to haue an extreame desire of Hirrus: I say to pleasure him ouer the shoulders. I hope 'twill not be long, ere you vnderstand that from me, vvhich you expect, and that of him, which I durst scarcely hope for. As for the state [Page] of the Common-wealth, we did not hitherto looke for any new matter. But the one and twentith of Iuly, the Senate being assembled in the temple of Apollo, and debating of the stipend that should be giuen to Pompeius, there was speech also of those souldiers, which formerly Pompeius had lent Caesar: how many they were; and how many they should be: so that Pompeius being ouercome by a continuall importunity, that some ill tongued followes made to him, was vrged to say, that by all meanes he would call backe the said souldiers out of Gallia. Afterwards he was demanded his opinion, about sending a successor to Caesar: who replied that generally the matter of the Prouinces, should be put off till the said Pompeies return: who was to go to Ariminum, to the Armie: and presently he went thither. I think it will be treated of, on the xxiij. of August: and without doubt, something will eyther be concluded, or some Tribune shall be nominated, that will not refuse the charge. But such an one will be blamed, because Pompeius in consultatation hath said, that it were fit, that euery one should obey the Senate. Neuerthelesse, I am certaine, that nothing will be done, se [...]ing Paullus elected Consull, shall be the first to deliuer his opinion. I am v [...]ry carefull to put you in minde, that you will procure me to [Page] be paide by Sitius; desiring to let you know, that it greatly imports me. In like manner; for the Panthers I pray yo [...] deale with the Cybiratae, and when they are readie, cause them to be conueyed to me. Besides this, it is vnderstood, and held for certaine, that the King of Alexandria is dead. I pray, aduertise me diligently, what you would councell me to doe; how that kingdome stands; and who hath taken vpon him the gouernment thereof. The first of August. Farewell.

Marcus Coelius, to Cicero. Epist. 5.

I Know not what your minde is, about the peace of your Prouince, and the countries adiacent. Certainely I stand in great doubt thereof: For, if we could order the matter so, that the greatnesse of the warre, might not exceed the forces of your Armie; and that we might obtaine so much victory, as might serue to get the triumph; and that we might auoid that dangerous, and terrible battaile: great would our happinesse be. Now, if the Parthians stir at all, I know there will be no small matters to doe; and your armie is scarce able to defend [Page] a Passage. But none considers [...]his: but 'tis rather thought, that a gouernour of a Prouince, as you are, is bound to prouide whatsoeuer is nec [...]ssarie: supposing that he may doe i [...] sufficiently. Whereunto may be added; that I cannot see, that you are to haue a successor sent you, by reason of the controuersie [...]isen, about [...]ending one into Gallia. And though I thinke you haue already taken some course the [...]ein; neuerthelesse, to giue you occasion the ra [...]her to intend it, I thought good to adu [...]rtise you, how the matter is like to hang in suspence. You know the ordinarie accidents: the Senate will d [...]termine of the Gall's: A Tribune will come, that will be opposed: then another sha [...]l be propounded; who, if the Senate be not permitted, to send a gouernour into any Prouince whatsoeuer; will likewise hinder the expedition of other Prouinces. And [...]hus trifling; this dance will last so long, that for two yeares no effect will ensue. If there were any thing new, about the Commonwealth, I would not faile according to my custome, to write diligently vnto you, both what were done, and what I expected would succeed. It seemes that the opposition of these Prouinces, slacken the course of other busin [...]sses. M [...]rc [...]llus makes all instance for it, as he hath euer done, but for all [Page] the diligence he vseth: he cannot draw a full counsell to set thereon. And, if after this yeare Curio enter into the Tribuneship, and there be also treating of the Prouinces. I know you well perceiue, how easie it will bee then to crosse euery thing, and what strife will by Caesar, and those that fauour his cause, and not that of the Commonwealth; be introduced. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 6.

I Know certainely you haue vnderstood, how Appius was accused by Dolabella; but not with that popular disgrace, which I expected. For Appius did not like a foole; but presently when Dolabella came before the Tribunall, he went into Rome, and gaue ouer demanding Triumph: by which he silenced what was spoken of him, and shewed himselfe more expert, then his accuser look't for. Now he hath great hope in you. I know you are rather a friend to him then otherwise: this is an occasion to binde him to you, as long as you list: and, if some enmitie had not fallen ou [...] betwixt you, you might now at your pleasure helpe him; but, [Page] if you be so rigorous to handle him as he deserues: I can tell you, many will thinke, that you haue not conc [...]aled your wrath, with that pur [...]tie of minde, which is expected from a sincere, and faithfull man. And on the contrarie; If you [...]auour him, none can say, that you had respect to the inward Amitie, that you haue held with D [...]labella. I will not forbeare to certifie you, that Dolabella's wife departed from him, at the same time, when Appius was accused by him. I remember that, which you said to me, when you departed: and I suppose you carrie in minde that which I wrote vnto you. It is now no time to write, more at large: only I would admonish you, that if the course dislike you not, yet shew no signe of your inclination, while you see, what successe he hath in this cause: to the end that the matter being knowne, you incurre not some blame: and assuredly, if you manifest your selfe, it will neither bee with your praise, nor profit; and hee cannot conceale it, for the conueniencie of the thing, conformable to his hope; and because in the present enterprise, it will augment his reputation, especially he being a man, that though he knew it would draw some extreame hurt vpon him if he spake thereof, yet could he hardly k [...]epe it secret. It is said that Pompeius is very fauourable to [Page] Appius, so that men thinke, he will send one of his sonnes to speake to you. Here, we absolue euery bodie. And certainely heere haue beene some of the [...]icke [...]est, and most dishonest things past, that can be imagined. Yet we haue Consulls that are so vigilant, that hitherto they could passe no decree, but one, vpon the sacrifice, which ordinarilie is made on Mount Albanu [...]. Our Curio is cold in his Tribuneship as Ice, and I cannot possiblie giue you to vnderstand, how euery one here, stands with their hands at their girdle. If I had not found something to doe, with hosts, and watermen, a great lethargie would haue ceazed vpon al Rome. And, if the Parthians set not you one heate in those parts, we shall still be colder, and colder. Neuerthelesse, whatsoeuer our sleepe be now, I would be loath the Parthians should awake vs. It is said that Bibulus encountred with the enemie, on Mount Ama [...]us; and that he hath lost, I know not how many companies of souldiers. I told you Curio was as cold as Ice; now, I tell you, he begins to be heated, and so toyles himselfe, that he is enflamed. For when he saw he could not obtaine time to pay his debts, hee plaide a prettie pranke: he is gone from the Senates side, to the people, and hath vndertaken to speake in sauour of Caesar. Besides hee hath [Page] diuulged, how he determines, to enact a law vpon the waies, not vnlike to that of Rullus, about the deuision of ground; and another vpon meates: conformable to which the Aediles must beare themselues: which yet he had not done, when I wrote the first part of this present epistle. Be pleased to interesse me in Appius fauour, by this occasion of assisting him; and as for Dolabella, I aduise you to let the matter hang doubtfull, both in respect of the same Appius; as also for your honour; and not to bring you into ill opinion with men. It is, and will be your disgrace, if I haue not Panthers out of Graecia. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius to Cicero Epist. 7.

I Know not how soone you desire, to depart from thence; I desire it, the rather, because hitherto the warre of the Parthians, hath [...]allen out well with you, for which, while you remaine there, I shall be perplexed, fearing least some sinister accident may disturbe my ioy. I write briefely, because the messenger, who carries the Taxe-masters letters, hastens his departure. [Page] Yesterday by your Freeman, I wrote at large. There is no newes: except I should write these, which vndoubtedly you desire. Cornificius, the young man, hath concluded a mariage with the daughter of Orestilla. Paulla Valeria, sister [...]o Triarius, without any occasion brake off the marriage, on the day that her husband, should haue arriue [...] o [...]t of the Prouince. She is to be mar [...]ed to Decimus Brutus, but yet they h [...]ue not publis [...]'t the matrimonie. Many incredible matters of this nature, [...]ue hapned. Seruius Ocella, could neuer make men beleeue, that hee was an adulterer, but that in lesse th [...]n three daies, he was taken twice in [...]he act. Shall I tell you where? where certainely I would not. I'le giue you leaue to aske of some o [...]her. Neither doe I dislike, that an Imperator, be inquisi [...]ue, who hath beene discouered, and wi [...]h what woman. Farewell.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 8.

THough I haue to write vnto you, about the state of the Common-wealth: yet I am perswaded, there's nothing will like you better then this. [Page] Vnderstand, that Caius Sempronius Rufu [...], and Rufus in effect, who was won [...] to bee your Honie, and Darling; was conuinced with great scorne, for a false accuser, Will you know in what matter? After the Roman sports, he accused Marcus Tu [...]ius, his accuser, as a man [...]hat had committed violence. And this he did out of malice; seeing, that he was constrained to defend himselfe, before the Iudges of this yeere, except some extraordinarie accident were enterposed. And hee knew verie well, what would ensue thereon. This presentation hee would not put vp against others, but onely against his accuser. And, although he had none, that would subscribe to the accusation, yet hee came before the Tribunall, and accused him. Which being heard, I presently ran, to present my selfe, in defence of the accused [...] not a [...]tending to be o [...]he [...]wise inuited thereunto. I came before them: I spake no [...]hing of [...]he cause: I bent all my speech against S [...]m [...]ro [...]ius, wresting [...]uen that fiction to my pu [...]pose, which hee, for the inuries he had done [...]o [...]estorius, had alledged: that, for you [...]k [...] hee would bee conte [...]t, to be r [...]st [...]red. An [...]ther cause is in hearing, o [...] no small moment. Marcus Seruilius being absolutely brok [...]n; all his goods sold; and fallen into euerie mans dises [...]eeme; repaired to mee [Page] for defence. And I alledging against Pausania his Creditor, that hee might bee satisfied by them, who had bought his goods; Laterensis the Praetor, accepted not of my defence: and Pilius, kinsman to your Atticus, hauing accused him, as a man that had imbezel'd monies in the Prouince, presently a great arguing grew, and a voice was spred, that hee should bee condemned. Afterwards comes Appius the younger, driuen, as it were, with a most violent winde of feare, lest Seruilius should bee left so bare, that hee could not pay him 24. thousand Crownes, which hee pretends to be due vnto him by this right; that his father being accused by Seruilius, & comming to an agreement with him, gaue him the said summe; to the end, he should not proceed against him in worser matters. You wonder hee should bee so foolish. But you wou [...]d maruell mo [...], if you knew some oth [...]r, his notable sopperies; and how his father confessed so infamous a crime to be true. He accepted of the same Iudges, which gaue sentence against his Father. And the decrees being as many of the one part, as of [...]he other, Lat [...] rensis, not knowing the Law, denounced that which each Bench had iudged, and at last, according to the custome, said, I will record the absolution. Seruilius was gone; and euery man [...] [Page] thought he had beene absolued: when the Praetor, taking the wri [...]ten Law in his hand, and hauing read the hundred and first head thereof, wherein were these formall words, Let the Praetor giue s [...]ntence, according to the opinion of the great [...]r part of the Iudges, hee record [...]d not the ab [...]olution; but wrote, that of three orders, the Senatorian, Equestrian, and Plebeian; two h [...]d absolued, and not condemned him. Af [...]er this, Appius againe impor [...]uning; hee contracted with Lucius Lollius, and [...]ayd, that hee would register the absolution. And thus Seruilius, neither absolued, nor condemned, but halfe defam [...]d, must answer to Pilius imputations. Appius also himselfe would haue accused him of such a misdemeanor: but hauing sworne him false accuser of his father, he durst not contend with Pilius, which of them two should plead against him. He was also accused by the Seruilij, as one that raked vp money in the Prouince, by vnlawfull meanes: And besides this, by a certaine friend of his, who was wont to be his instrument, in accusing of others, him [...]lfe was accused of violence committed. They both hang well together. As for the state of the Common-wealth; the businesse of the Ga [...]iae, hath cros [...]ed other businesses for m [...]ny daies. But at last, after it had beene diuers times debated [Page] of, and suspended, Pompeyes pleasure being knowne, that the next March to come, Caesar should giue ouer his go [...]uernment, the Senate passed a decree, which I send vnto you. Which was subscribed vnto, by the Senators, herevnder nominated. The last of Septemtember, in [...]he Temple of Apollo, there were present, Lucius Domitius Aenobarbus, son to Cu [...]ius; Quinius Cicilius Me [...]ellus Pius Scipio, son to Quintus; Lu [...]ius Villius Annalis, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Potina; Caius Septi [...]ius, son to Ti [...]us, of the Tribe Quirina; Caius Lu [...] ceius Hirrus, son to Caius, of the Tribe Pupinia; Caius Scribonius Curio, son to Caius, of the Tribe Popilia; L [...]cius Atteus Capito, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Aniensis; Marcus Oppius, son to Marcus, of the Tribe Terentina. Marcus Marcellus, Consull hauing propounded the nomination of the Consular Prouinces, the Senate enacted thereupon this present decree: That Lucius Paullus, and Caius Marcellus, Consuls for the future yeere; on the Calends of March, which will bee the first day of their Magistracie, should propound vnto the Senate, the affaires of the Consular Prouinces, and onely propound it, omitting all other businesses: And that in this, they should not haue respect to the ordinary impediment of those daies, when the people are called to parliament: [Page] to the end that the decree may passe howsoeuer: and when they doe this, they shall haue ample authoritie, to l [...]t none of those Senators enter into counsell, which are in the number of the three hundred Iudges: and in case it be needfull, to speake thereof, to the people, or Plebeians, that Seruiu [...] Sulp [...]ius, and Marcus Marc [...]llus, Consuls for the present yeere, or the Praetors, or Trib [...]nes of the people, whether of them, they thinke good, shall take care to discharge this office: and if the forementioned will not doe it, the Magistrates of the yeere [...]ollowing, shall not faile to performe it. A note of the Senators, which confirmed the decree. The last of September, in the Temple of Apollo, there were present, Lucius Domitius Aenobarbus, son to Cneius; Quintus Cicili [...] Metellus Piu [...] Scipio, son to Quintus; Lucius Villius Annalis, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Pon [...]ina; Caius Sep [...]imius, son to Titus, of the Tribe Quirina; Caius Scribonius Curio, son to Caius, of the Tribe Pupinia; Lucius Atteius Capito, son to Lucius, of the Tribe Aniensis; and Marcus Oppi [...], son to Marcus, of the Tribe Tere [...]tina. Marcus Marcell [...], Consull, hauing propounded the motion of the Prouinces; the Senate censured, that none of those, that haue power to hinder, or oppose, should put in any delay, that the Consuls might [Page] not presently propound to the Senate, and the Senate forthwith deliberate of things appertaining to the Common-wealth. Whosoeuer shall oppose; the Senate iudgeth such an one, to haue attempted against the Common-wealth. And if any resist the present decree; the Senate ordaines, that his opinion bee set downe in writing, and bee discussed of in the Senate, and in the present [...] of the people. To this decree, Caius Coelius, Lucius Vicinius, Publius Cornelius, and Caius Vibius P [...]nsa, opposed themselues. Besides, it hath pleased the Senate, concerning the Souldiers that were in Caius Caesars armie; that, of such of th [...]m, as had finished the terme of their seruice, or had any iust occasion to giue ouer their entertainment, the Senate might be informed, that their reasons may bee considered. If any man resist this decree, the Senates pleasure is, that his minde be put in writing, and that the matter bee propounded to the Senate and people. This decree Caius Coelius, and Caius Pans [...], Tribunes of the people, withstood. And besides this; the Senates pleasure is, that the next yeere, the Praetors of the yeere present bee sent, into the Prouince of Cilicia, and into the other eight Prouinces, which are gouerned by those that haue beene Praetors; and that they that are sent, shall be sent by lot; and if [Page] these bee not so many as may suffice, that Praetors bee chosen out by lot, of the next precedent yeeres, which haue not beene in gouernment; and that they be sent by lot, to the gouernment of the sayd Prouinces. And if there be not so many of these, as may bee sufficient; that one after another, the Praetors of the immediate next yeeres cast lots, that haue not beene deputed to gouernment; and let this bee so long done, while the number of them is made vp, which are to bee sent, to the gouernment of the Prouinces. If any oppose this d [...]cree, let his minde bee specified in writing to the Senate. This decree, Caius Coe [...]ius, and Caius Pansa, Tribunes of the people, opposed. Moreouer, it was obserued by those words of Cneius Pompeius, and great hopes therby was conceiued, that hee could not without iniustice, determine of Caesars prouinces, be [...]ore the Calends of March: but that after the Calends, hee would thinke thereupon: And being demanded, what if any man should then oppose? he answered; that it should be as much as if Caesar should suborne one, not to suffer the Senate to delib [...]rate; as if openly hee should deny to obey it. And what if he, (said another) would be Consull, and keepe the Armie too? he replied, free from choller. What if my sonne, would [Page] giue me the bastanado? By these words it was collected, that Pompeie, and Caesar were not of accord. Whereupon, Caesar, as I perceiue, will now discend to one of these two conditions; either to remaine in the gouernement of the Gaules, and so being absent he cannot demaund the Consulship: or else obtaining it, he will depart. Curio sets himselfe wholly against him. I know not what he can doe. But I see, that he aymes at a good end, and therefore cannot be ruinated. He shewes me great courtesie. But the present hee made me, will redound to my losse. For if he had not giuen me those Panthers, which were brought out of Africa, for his sports; peraduenture I had neuer entred into this dance. But seeing I am entred, and that I must celebrate my sports: I put you in mind of that, which so often I haue written; that you'le procure me some Beast, from those parts. And I commend vnto you the credite I haue with Sitius. I haue sent Philo thither my free-man, and Diogenes Graecus: who will speake to you in my name, and deliuer you my letters. I recommend them both vnto you, and the cause for which I sent them: the which, how much it imports me, you shall see in the letters, that they shal present you. Farewell.

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Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 9.

DOe you thinke that Hirrus remain'd scorned? but you doe not well know all. For if you knew how easily, and with how little paines I put him downe, you would blush; calling to mind, how he was sometimes so impudent as to concurre with you. And after this repulse, he laughes with euery man: to counterfeit a good Cittizen, he speakes against Caesar: he blames the Senate, for being so slacke to deliberate: he followes Curio with ill words: what needes more? this repulse hath made him change nature. Besides this; though he neuer appeared in the Forum, and hath little practise in pleading: yet is there not a more courteous aduocate then he. He entertaines and followes euery cause, but seldome after noone. I wrote vnto you, that on the xiij. of August, the matter of the Prouinces would be determined: but because Marcellus chosen Consull for the yeare following, was of another opinion, it is put ouer to the first of September. The Consulls were so farre from doing any thing els, that they could not bring many Senators to Counsell. I sent not these, before to day, which is the second [Page] of September: and hitherto no course at all is taken. For any thing I see [...] this cause will be deferred ti [...]l the next yeare: and so farre as I conceiue, you must leaue one in the gouernment of the Prouince. For otherwise exchange cannot be made; se [...]ing it cannot be resolued, that a new gouernour should be sent into the Galli [...]; which must needs stand in the same condition, that other Prouinces doe. Of this I make no doubt: and I meant to write to you thereof, that you might know how to dispose of your selfe. Almost in euery letter I write vnto you of the Panthers. It will be l [...]ttle credite to you, that Patiscus should send ten to Curio, and that you should not send me many more. Curio gaue me those ten, with other ten besides, which he had out of Afri [...]a: to the end, you m [...]y not suppose, that he can onely giue possessions. You may h [...]ue as many as you will, so you will be mindfull, in sending to call for those Cybiratae; and writing into Pam [...]hilia, where they say a number are taken: and I importune you more now, then vsually, for I determine to solemnize my spo [...]ts separate from my Colleague. For my sake, straine your nature a little: vse diligence herein. You were wont to be pleased, as well as my selfe; to haue but fe [...] businesses; now, you shall h [...]ue no [...]urther trouble, then to speake, that is [Page] to command, and giue in charge. For when they are taken, you may leaue the ca [...]e of keeping and conducting them, to those men, whom I haue sent, to recouer my debt of Si [...]ius. And peraduenture if you put me in hope of hauing them, I will send others for the same purpose. Marcus Fe [...]idius, a Romane knight comes in those parts for his occasions. He is an honest young man, vali [...]nt, and sonne to a friend of mine. I recommend him to you, and entreate you to repute him in the number of your friends. He hath certaine land in your Prouince, which payes part of the increase. He would by your fauour be free'd from this imposition. Which thing is both easie, and honest for you to grant him: and you shall bestow a benefit, vpon men gratefull, mindfull, and replenished with bountie. I would not haue you thinke, that Fauonius hath not had their fauour, who sell their voyces at a price, but he found none of the better sort of Cittizens fauourable to him. Your Pompeius sayes openly, that he will neuer permit, that Caesar shall hold his Prouince, with an Armie and be Consull: neuerthelesse, he gaue councell, that the Senate should not for the present, enter into any other deliberation; and [...]hat Scipio, should be expected to deliuer his opinion thereof, the first of March: and that then the [Page] matter should be propounded in the Senate, and that nothing else should be done, before this be ended. Which opinion daunted Balbus Cornelius, and I know hee complain'd thereof to Scipio. Calidius in defending himselfe, was most eloquent, in accusing another, rather cold then otherwise. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 10.

WE were much grieued a [...] the newes, which by the letters of Caius Cassius, and King Deiotarus, we vnderstood. Cassius writes, that the Parthian souldiers haue passed Euphrates: Deiotarus, that they came into our Prouince, by the countrey of the Comagens: There was none more vexed then my selfe, and that for your cause: knowing that you are ill prouided in your Armie, and fearing least this commotion, might cause some preiudice to your honour, for I should feare your life, if you had a greater Armie. But because it is but little I imagine, you will not ioyne battaile, of which necessitie, I know not what construction will be made. I c [...]nnot certainely, rid my mind [Page] of this care, till I vnderstand that you are come into Italie. But this newes of the Parthians passage, hath raised vp diuers opinions. Some giue counsell, to send Pompeius thither: others, that he should be retain'd at Rome: othersome, that Caesar should be sent with his Armie: and others, that the Consuls should repaire thither. But no man is of opinion, that this enterprise is to be committed to priuate Cittizens. And the Consuls fearing least, the Senate should send them, or conferre this charge vpon some other to their disgrace, vse all meanes to preuent a session of the Senate. So as they appeare not to be very careful, in the necessities of the Common-wealth. But this negligence, or cowardise, or feare, whether we may call it, is couered with reasonable pretexts, making shew that they refuse the Prouince, out of modestie. Your letters are not yet arriued, and, if those of Deiotarus, had not come so suddenly, men were about to beleeue, that Cassius had fayned the Parthian warre, and caused the Arabians to ouer-runne his Prouince, to the end it might seeme endamaged not by him, but by the enemie. Whereupon, by my aduise, you shall write with diligence, and warily, how matters there passe: to the end it may not appeare, that either you haue followed any mans humor, [Page] or concealed any particular of importance. Now the yeare is at an end; for the xviij. of Nouember, I wrote these presents, I see not how any thing can be concluded before Ianuary. You know how cold, and slow Marcellus is: and in like manner, how sl [...]ck [...] Seruius is. What may you iudge of these men? and how can you beleeue, they will doe that which they haue no mind vnto, when they performe that vvhich they affect, so coldly? for they seeme to haue no will thereunto. At the change of Magistrates, if the Par [...]hian warre proceed, this mannage will spend the first moneths: but if there be no warre there, or onely the same; that you, or your successors, with the least succours sent, may prosequute it: I see Curio, will vse all meanes; first to crosse Caesa [...] and then to assist Pompeius, in what soeuer thing he can; little, or great. Paullus by loftie words, shewes what a desire he hath to goe into the Prouin [...]e. To whose ambition, our Furnius will oppose himselfe: touching others I know not what to thinke. I h [...]ue written to you, what I know. I cannot see, what else will happen. I see that time produceth many things, and that many daily are a framing: but they'le be all comprehended withi [...] these bounds. I will not for [...]et to certi [...]ie you, how Curio sues for a diuision of the Campa [...] territorie: [Page] It is said, Caesar cares little for it: but that Pompeius desires much, it should be diuided: to the end that C [...] sar at his comming may not enioy it. As for your departing out of the Prouince, I cannot promise you to obtaine, that a successor may be sent you; but I assure you, your time shall not bee prolonged. If in regard of the present warre, the Senate enioyne you to remaine there; and if you may not refuse it with your honor: you may take what course you thinke good: 'Tis sufficient for me, that I remember, with vvhat vehemencie at your departure, you entreated me, that I would not permit, the time of your office, to be prolonged. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 11.

YOur supplications procured no long, but great trouble; there was a strange obstacle interposed it selfe: For Curio your louing friend, s [...]eing himselfe too vniustly cros [...] by the Consuls, that hee could not treate of any thing with the people, gaue to vnderstand, that he would in no wise support, that a decree should passe in the [Page] matter of supplications; not to loose that, which through P [...]ullus furie, hee had purchased: to the end it might neuer be said, that hee had betrayed the people. Whereupon wee accorded with the Consuls, that this yeare they should propound no other supplica [...]ions to the Senate but yours; In truth, you must thanke both the Consulls, but especially Paullus: For Marcellus answered Curio, that he had no hope in these supplications: Paullus said that for this yeare, he would not procure them for any other. It was told vs that Hirrus would oppose vs [...] I sounded him: he was not onely, not contrarie vnto vs, but comming to the matter of the enemies: when he might easilie haue hindered the cause, if he had but demanded the number of the sl [...]ine; hee remained sil [...]nt: onely he said; hee was cont [...]nt to be referred to what Cato had said: who had commended you, but yet not counselled, that your supplications should be granted. The like did Fa [...]nius. So that hauing respect to the nature, and fashion of euery one; you should thank the three forementioned, and Curio: them, because though they spake not in your fauour, yet they shewed a good minde, and being able to offend you, entred into no opposition: Curio, because he interrupted the course of his owne actions for your sake. Furnius, [Page] and Lentulus, as reason required, no otherwise, then as interessed in their owne honour, ioyned heads with vs. I may also praise my selfe, for the indeauor and friendly solicitation of Balbus Cornelius, who spake effectually to Curio, af [...]irming that if he did otherwise, he should wrong Caesar, and giue him occasion to esteeme him for a counterfeit friend. Domitius, and Scipio, who grudged: that you should haue this honour, were notwithstanding assistant. Doe you know the cause? because they thought the matter would neuer haue past: to whom Curi [...], perceiuing that in vrging him to oppose, they solicited the effect, answered like an honest man; that he was not willing to contrarie it, because hee sawsome, who procured the supplications, would not haue them take effect. A [...] for the state of the Common-wealth, they are yet indiscussing the businesse about the Prouinces, neither do th [...]y treate of any thing else. It seemes that Pompei [...]s, and the Senate are agreed together, that Caesar shall leaue the Galliae, before the xiij of Nouember. Curio is resolued to expose himselfe to any disaster, rather then suffer this: and hath giuen ouer all his other enterprises. But our friends, whose humor you well know, dare not come, to the triall. The somme of all is this. Pompeius, to shew that hee labours [Page] not against Caesar, but constitutes that which he thinkes to be but reason, saith, that Curio seekes to raise discords. But he will permit by no meanes, and feareth much, that Caesar will be elected Consull, before he haue left the Army, and the Prouince. Curio treates him very crossely: and speakes hardly of his second Consulship. I conclude, that if the Senate extend the vttermost of their authoritie to suppres [...]e Curio, Caes [...]r will be de [...]ended: but if they feare, his resistance, as they make shew, Caesar shall r [...]maine in his prouince as long as he will. What each mans opinion in the Senate was, you shall finde it [...]n the booke, of such matters as passed in Rome. Wherin you may only read that, that you shall thinke worthie to be vnderstood, and passe ouer many oth [...]r toyes, inserted therein to no purpose, especially of sports, obsequies, and other such like things. For I had rathe [...] erre, in [...]xposing to your vnderstanding, that which [...]ou desire not to know, then in omitting any thing, which was requisite to be vnderstood. I am glad, you were mindefull of my debt, with Sitius, but seeing you perceiue them [...]la [...]ke enough in obseruing their promise, I pray you to be carefull of it, as mine Attourney. Farewell.

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Marcus Caelius to Cicero. Epist. 12.

I Am ashamed to confesse vnto you the truth, and to complaine of App [...]us, as ingratefull toward [...] me [...] as a man may be. For a [...]ter the receiuing of many benefits from me, not being able to frame his auaritious nature, to requi [...]e me: he begins to beare me hatred, and hath stirred vp warre against me secretly. And yet not so secretly, but that, besides the being of it made knowne vnto me by many, I my selfe perceiued, that hee bare a very bad minde towards m [...]. But after I found out, how he had wrought the Coll [...]dge of Augures, & spoken openly to som [...], that he would order the matter with Domitius, who, so farre as I perceiue, is my great enemie, that Pompeius should accuse me; I could not, knowing him to be indebted to me for his life, frame my minde to entreate him, that hee would not doe me such an iniurie. But what did I? I spake presently with some Friends, who were witnesses of my deserts towards him: And when I saw my selfe of so little esteeme with him, that he would not vouchsafe to come vnto me and excuse himselfe. I rather made choyce to be beholding to Lucius [Page]Piso his Colleague, who as well [...]or other respects, as for your sake, wish't me ill; then to come before that Ape. Which, when he knew, being puf [...] vp with choler, said, that I sought, to break with him: as if I took occasion, [...]o [...] not being payed, to persecute him. Afterwards he forbare not to cal vnto him in publike, Serui [...]s the accuser, and to plot with Domitius: and betwixt them three, finding no iust cause to accuse me: they deuis [...]d a way; but did not perceiue, that they could not hurt me: and like insolent men tooke order, to call me to iudgement, the last day of my Circensian sports, by the law Scantinca [...] Seruius had scarcely made an end of speaking, when also by the same law, I call [...]d Appius the C [...]n [...]or in iudgement. I neuer saw a matter betterfall out: For the people, and [...]uery inferior man seemed to take so great satisfaction therin; that the aspersion of this made Appius more to grieue, then the accusation. After this I demanded a Chappell, which hee had in his house [...] The long delaie of this seruant, hath much wronged me. For after I deliuered him this, he stayed for the letters of more then [...]ortie. I know not what to write; but you know that Domitius feares the day of hearing I [...]xpect you with great desire, and wish to see you presently. I pray you so grieue at my iniuries, as you imagine I [Page] was wont both to be sorrie for yours, and to reuenge them. Farewell.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 13.

I Am glad you haue married y [...]ur daughter to Dolabilla; who, in the conceit I haue of him, is certainely a man of great goodnesse. For, what belo [...]gs to his other defects, by which hitherto, hee hath got himselfe but little profit, they are now worne out, with his yeeres. And if any yet remaine, I assure my selfe, your conuersation, your authority, and your daughters mod [...]sty, will correct them. For, hee is not obdurate in vices, neither wants hee wit, to discerne what is best Further, a great occasion of this ioy, is the loue I [...]eare him Doe you see, Cicero, how C [...]io hath compassed his intents? For, his resistance being scann'd in the Senate, as it was determined; and Marcus Marcellus perswading, that the Tribunes should bee moued in it; the Senate would not consent thereunto. Pompeius hath now such a weake stomacke, that almost nothing can bee [...]ound to please him. The Senate had decree'd, that hee who would not dismisse [Page] his armie, & the prouinces, could not stand for the Consulship: which, how it will please Pompeius, when hee perceiues, what will become of the Common-wealth, if he either cannot, or care not; I leaue for you old, rich men to consider. Quintus Hortensius, when I wrote these, dyed. Farewell.

Marcus Coelius to Cicero. Epist. 14.

IF you had taken the King of the Parthians, and vanquished the Citie of Seleucia, it were nothing, in respect of the being present at these things. Your eyes would neuer haue pained you more, if you had but seene Domitius countenance, when hee had the repulse for the Augureship. The contestation was great, each party hauing many fauours. Few respected merit; euery one assisted his kinsman, or friend. So that Domitius is my great enemy: insomuch, as hee hates not that acquaintance of his, whom you wot of, as he doth me: and the rather, because he thinkes he had wrong done him; and that I was the principall occasion of the iniurie. Now, he is starke mad, that men so reioyce at his crosse, and that I was so fauourable [Page] to Antonius. Afterwards, he accu [...]ed Cneius Saturninus, the younger; one, questionlesse, for his life past, infamous. And now the issue of this triall is expected. And he conceiues good hopes, because Sixtus Peducius was absolued. Concerning the sta [...]e of the Common-wealth, I haue written many times to you, that I can yet discerne no peace. And the more this controuersie encreaseth, further then is conuenient, so much more imminent the danger appeares. Pompeius is resolued, not to suffer Caius Caesar to bee made Consull by any meanes, before hee leaues the armie, and the Prouinces: vpon which the cheefe of the Citie will contest, that Caesar, except he first giue ouer his armie, and the one, and other G [...]llia, shall not bee created Consull. On the contrarie, Caesar is of a constant opinion, that he leauing the armie, his ruine will ensue. Yet he offers this condition, that both of them should leaue off their armie. And so, that loue, and discommendable vnion, turnes not into secret hatred; but to a manifest war. I know not what side to take, and I thinke for the same cause also, you will be much perplexed. For one part I loue, and am beloued: in the other, I hate the opinions, not the men: and I think you know, that euerie one followes the more honest part, while they proceede [Page] without armes: But when they come to a war, the strongest; supposing that to be most honest, which is most secure in this discord: I see, that Cneius Pompeius will haue the Senate and Iudges of his party; and to Caesar, all those will apply themselues, that liue in feare, or with cold hopes. The armies will not be equall: but there will bee time enough, to consider the forces of either part, and to choose the best. I had almost forgot to write one thing to you, which was not to bee omitted. Know you, that Appius the Censor does miracles? Know you, that hee abates the pompe of statues, and pictures? that hee allots the measure of land? that hee constraines debtors to pay? hee thinkes the Censorship, is either paste of beane-floure, or niter: but in my opinion, he is deceiued: for, minding to purge himselfe of filthinesse, he opens all his veines, and all his bowels. Run, I beseech you, for Gods and mens sake, and come quickly to laugh at these nouelties; that Drusus is constituted Iudge of the accused, by the Scantinean Law: and Appius is about statues and pictures, I'le promise yee, you haue cause to come in haste. 'Tis thought Curio hath done very wisely, in permitting a stipend to be giuen to Pompeius. To conclude, will you know, what I iudge must fall out? If one of them go [Page] not against the Parthians, I see cruell discords will arise, which must bee ended with the sword. Either of them hath a great minde, and great forces. If infinite danger had not therin concurred, Fortune had prepared for you, a great, and pleasant spectacle. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 15.

When did you euer see a more foolish man then Cneius Pompeius; who vsing to promise so many things, hath raised so many disorders? But when did you either read, or heare, of one more prompt, and couragious in an enterprize, then our Caesar, and more temperate after victorie? But what will you say to this other thing? If you did but see our souldiers now, who haue done nothing all the winter, but march in the raine, and winde, thorow difficult and cold places; you would thinke they had eaten of the most delicate apples, that could be gotten. Oh! will you say, you begin to glory in good time. But, if you knew in what turmoyles I am, you would scoffe at this [Page] my glorie, which nothing concernes me. I cannot write my gr [...]efe vnto you: but I hope shortly, to open it, by word of mouth. For, Caesar determines to call me to Rome, when hee hath driuen Pompeiu [...] out of Ita [...]y: which I [...]hinke is already performed: Exc [...]pt he had rather be [...]eaguer him in Brundusium I would I were dead; if the infinite desire I haue to see you, and communicate vnto you, all my secrets; bee not the greatest occasion of my comming thither so suddenly. I haue a thousand things to tel you. I am afraid, lest, as many times it fals out, I shall haue forgotten them all, when I see you. But what offence haue I committed, that I must now goe towards the Alpes? And to goe thither about the Intimelij, who, for a matter of nothing are vp in armes? Bellienus, seruant somtime to Demetrius, borne of a mayd seruant; who was there with some strength, tooke one Domitius, a Gentle-man of that towne, and a friend to Caesar: and hauing receiued money of the contrarie party, caused him to be strangled. The City rose vp in armes; whereupon I must now goe thither thorow the snow, with two thousand Foot. Certainely, will you say, the Domi [...]ij haue ill fortune euerie where? And I would that Caesar, who is descended from Venus, had beene so resolute against your Domitius, as Bellienus, [Page] who was borne of an hand-mayd, was against this other. Salute your son in my name. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 16.

I Felt my life leaue mee, in reading your letters: by which I vnderstood, that none but melancholly thoughts possest your minde. And though you haue not cleerely layd open your meaning; neuerthelesse, you haue made manifest, what your disposition was. I presently wrote these letters vnto you. I pray you, my Cicero; I coniure you; by the care you haue of your own state, by the loue that you beare to your children, that no resolution come into your minde, by which your own safety, or that you possesse, may incurre any danger. For, I call Gods to witnesse, I call men, and our entire amitie; that I neuer foretold, or put you in minde of any thing, which proceeded not from deliberate counsell: but since I spake with Caesar, and by him vnde [...]stood, what his determination was, after victorie obtained: I gaue you therof aduertisement. If you suppose, that what [Page] Caesar was in the prosecution of his courses, the same he will bee in pardoning his aduersaries; your conceit deceiues you. Euery thought of his, is cruell and rigorous, and also euery word. Hee departed angry with the Senate. These oppositions of the Tribunes of the people, vext him verie much. I assure you, hee will open his eare to no humiliations. Wherefore, if any affection towards your selfe, or to the onely son you haue; if of your family, or any other thing within your hopes moue you; if you haue any respect to vs, or your son in law, so honest a man; you should not disturbe their fortunes, by imposing a necessitie vpon vs, of hating or abandoning that part, on whose victorie our saftie depends; or, by being an occasion, that against your preseruation, we beare wicked resolutions. Finally, you must consider, that what displeasure soeuer you could shew to Pompeius, you haue absolutely done it him, in this your delay. Now, if you thinke to stir against the Conquerour; whom, while euents were doubtfull, you neuer went about to offend; and to accompanie them that are now put to flight, whom you would not follow in time, when they made resistance: 'tis the greatest folly of the world. Take heed, whilest you count it shame, with little care to prosecute [Page] the office of a good Citizen, lest you be carelesse of your owne good. But if I cannot absolutely perswade you to what I would; at least attend, till aduertisements come, of the successe in Spain: the which I can tel you, at Caesars arriual will be ours. Wheron their hopes will depend, when Spain is lost, I cānot perceiue. And being so; what reasō should perswade you, to ioyne with desperate people, I cannot with my selfe imagine. This your intention, which, without telling it, you intimated to mee, was now come to Caesars eare: and as soon, as hee had saluted mee; what hee had heard of you, he presently told me. I said, I knew nothing. Yet I entreated him, that he would be pleased to write vnto you a letter, which might perswade you not to leaue Italie. He takes me along with him into Spaine. For if this were not, before I went to Rome, I would come poasting to you wheresoeuer; and being present with you, I would feruently haue discharged such an office; and with all my power r [...]tained you. Be verie warie, my good Cic [...] ro, that you be not an occasion of vtter ruine, to your selfe, and all yours [...] and that you put not your selfe wittingly into that danger, out of which you see there is no hope for you any way to escape. And if the cries of Cit [...]izens reputed honest, doe moue you; or that [Page] you cannot [...]toope to support the pride and insolencie of some particulars: me thinkes you should do well to make choyce of some towne farre from the tumult of armes, while these things are dispatch'd, of which the finall effect is expected. If you thus dispose of your selfe, I shall iudge that you haue done wisely, and you shall not herein offend Caesar. Farewell.

Marcus Caelius, to Cicero. Epist. 17.

ACcursed bee the Fortune, which was the cause, that I was rather in Spaine then at Formiae, when you went to Pompeius. But I would to God, that either Appius Claudius had not beene of your part, or Caius Curio of ours; whose friendship hath drawne me to that side, which maintaines the more vniust cause. For I know, that hatred, and loue haue bereaued me of my best senses. And you also, when I came to you by night to Ariminum, performed the office of an excellent Cittizen, but not of a Friend; giuing me commission to treate of peace with Caesar, without aduising me at all in that, which concerned me. Neither thinke I speake this, [Page] as fearing that our part shall not vanquish: but certainely 'tis better to die, then see these men. And were it not for feare of your crueltie; we had long time since, beene expelled from hence [...] where there is no man, nor any society, besides a few vsurers, which is not a Pompeian. I haue procured, that the Plebeians especially, and people, are yours, which first were ours. For what occasion, you'le say? but li [...]ten to the remainder. I'le make you ouercome though you would not. You sleepe: and in my opinion yee obser [...]e not, where we lie open, and are most weak. And this I will not doe in hope of reward, but because wrath, and choler are of great for [...]e in me. What doe you there? attend you battaile, which you cannot tell how to maintaine? I know not what manner of men yours are: but our soldiers are inur'd to fight manfully, and to support all cold, & famine. Farewell.

THE NINTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Marcus Terentius Varro. Epist. 1.

AT [...]icus read a letter of yours vnto me; by which I vnderstood what you doe, and where you are; but I could not learne when we should see you. Yet I hope that yo [...]r comming in neere at hand; which Gods grant, that it may disburden me in part of the afflictions I suffer: although, we are ouerwhelmed with so heauie a ruine, that hee would s [...]ew him [...]elfe but a [Page] foole, that should any wayes hope to be eased. But howsoeuer we may peraduenture in some sort helpe one another. For after I came to Rome, I reconciled my selfe to my old friends, that is, to my bookes; whose conuersation I had left: not because I was angry wi [...]h them, but in that I was a [...]hamed: it appearing vnto me, that I had not obeyed their instructions, in that I exposed my selfe to danger for the loue of such, as were not faithfull friends. But they pardon me, and call me to my vsuall studies, saying, that you haue beene wiser by whom they were neuer forsaken. Wher [...]fore, seeing I am in fauour with them, I nourish good hopes, that I shall easily, when I see you, passe [...]uer the burden, bo [...]h of present, and future euils. Therefore, if you please, let vs retire either to Tusculanum, or to your C [...]ma [...]um; or else, (which by no means I would) to Rome: so we may be together, I'le assuredly b [...]ing matters to that passe, that bo [...]h of vs, shall reape benefit. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Ep. 2.

OVR Caninius comming to me very late; and telling me, that the day following in the morning, hee was [Page] to come to you: I told him, that in the morning I would giue him a letter; and desired him to returne for it. I wrote in the night, and yet he returned not. I thought he had forgotten it. Yet I would not haue f [...]iled to send you it by one of mine, if by the foresaid partie, I had not vnderstood, that the day following in the morning, you were to depart from Tusculanum. A few daies after, Caninius comes early, beyond my expectation; and tels me that euen then he was to come to you; I would not haue that Epistle to be frustrate, which I wrote in the night: and so; though it were old; (especially so much newes hauing since occurred;) yet I gaue it him. And to him, who is a learned man, and your good friend, I deliuered as much by word of mouth, as he by this time ha [...]h communicated vnto you. In my opinion, wee must both shunne the eyes of the mul [...]i [...]ude, though their tongues we cannot. For the Victors, exalted in pride through victorie, looke vpon vs as vanquish [...]d: and they who grieue, that our faction hath lost, fret, that we are still aliue. Why then, you will peraduenture say, take not you a course to liue out of Rome, as I doe? Because, you go before me, and euery man else in prudence. I thinke all secret things are manifest to you: you neuer erred. Who is so [Page] quicke-sighted, that walking through such darkenesse, may not stumble somtimes? and yet I bethought my selfe long since; that it had beene good, to goe into some part; not to see, nor heare, what is heere done, and spoken [...] But after I had considered with my selfe; I imagined, that whosoeuer met me, would surmise at his pleasure; or else, if he suspected nothing, he might say; This man either feares; and because he is afraid flyeth: or he hath some proiect in his head; and a ship readie prouided. In conclusion, hee that suspected least ill, and knew me peraduenture more inwardly; would thinke that I bare hatred to certaine persons, and that I left Rome, for no other cause, but by reason I could not suffer mine eyes to behold them. These cogitations haue detained me in Rome hitherto: besides, that leng [...]h of time, hath by little and little caused as it were an insensibilitie of minde to grow in me, so that it feeles no longer. You haue vnderstood the reasons that kept me in Rome. Concerning your courses, I am of opinion, 'twere good for you to staie where you are, till this exultation be somewhat abated: till it bee knowne what end the warre hath had: for I make no doubt but ended it is: and it auailes much to vnderstand, after victorious successe; what disposition [Page] the Conquerour manifested. Though I may imagine it: yet I expect to vnderstand it. If you will follow my counsell, you shall no [...] goe to Baiae, before you see all these reports setled that flie abroad. For it will bee greater honour to vs; then d [...]parting from hence, it be thought we are retired into those places, rather to mourne, then to bath our selues. But herein, I referre my selfe to your wisedome: I thinke good that we tie our selues to this resolution, to liue together in our studies, and so much the rather, because whereas before, we studied onely for contentment of minde, now we are reduced to such a point, as without the sustentation of letters, our life would faile vs. If any would make vse of our counsell, and endeauour, to recouer the consumed bodie of the Common-wealth; then indeed, leauing studies, wee must runne to the performance of so worthie an office; And fortune denying vs this wished occasion, to practise in the Senate, and Forum; wee will [...]race the foot-steps of those so learned, ancients, partly composing as they did, about the true form, of liuing well, and gouerning iustly: partly also in reading their workes. By which studie, if we cannot otherwise, we shall benefit the Common-wealth. This is my opinion. I should be glad, that you would write vnto mee, [Page] what resolution and opinion you are of. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 3.

I Had nothing to write: yet Caninius com [...]ing to you, I would not haue him depart without my letters [...] But what should I write vnto you? that which I thinke you desire; that I will shortly come to visite you. Although 'tis a matter to be considered of, how conuenient it is; that now when the Cittie is so ouerladen with miseries, we should goe to the Bathes; which are places of solace. We shall minister matter to them to talke of, who know not; that by changing of place, we neither change life, nor [...]ustomes. And yet we cannot auoyd, the talking thereof. But what remedie? in retiring our selues to a reposed life, now when all men are employed in wicked and bad actions, should we regard the being censured? I resolue constantly to contemne the ignorant vulgar, and to follow your footsteps. For though our m [...]series be very great; [...]et it seemes the studie of ver [...]ue, is now more beneficiall vnto vs, then it was at oth [...]r times: or be it that in this storme, wee see no other Port; or else that the grieuousnesse [Page] of the infirmity makes vs the better to know the necessitie, or want of Physicke; whose efficacie we did not discerne, while we were healthfull. But what do I? The writing of these things to you; in whose house they properly growe, is a carrying (as they say) of Owles to Athens. But I wrot them for no other end, but to giue you an occasion to write vnto me something backe againe; and to acquaint you with my comming. Therefore answere, and expect me. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 4.

KNow, that of things possible, I hold the same opinion with Diodorus: and therefore if you are to come: I say it is necessary that you come: and if you are not to come; on the contrary; I say, that it is impossible you should come. Now to this purpose, examine whither be the better opinion, this of Diodorus: or that of Chrisippus, which pleased not our Diodorus very well. But wee'le discourse together of this argument, at a more conuenient time. Which according to Chrisippus, is possible to happen; but it is not for all that, necessarie. As for Costius, it contented mee well, and I had giuen commission also [Page] therein to Atticus. If you come not to vs, we wil come to you flying. Let there be a garden in your Librarie, [and] it is no matter for the rest. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 5.

YEs indeed will it be a very fit time on the seuenth of the moneth, both in respect of the Common-wealth, and for the season of the yeare. Therefore I am pleased, that you made choice of this day, to which I also referre my selfe. They who followed not our course, we see they now repent them: and though they should doe otherwise, yet should not we repent vs. For wee went to the warre, not out of hope to ouercome, but through a desire, to discharge our duties to our Countrie: and when we left it, we abandoned not our duties, but a desperate enterprise. And so we had a greater care of our honour, then they that neuer stir'd from home: and more wisedome then those, who being vanquisht, and defeated, would not returne home. But aboue all things, it grieues me to see our selues so bitterly checkt by them, that neuer went out of Rome: and howsoeuer the matter be: I more esteeme those, that were slaine in [Page] the warre, then these men, who repine, that we suruiue. If I haue any time to come to Tusculanum, before the prefixed day, I will see you there: if not, I will finde you out in Cumanum: and I will send you word thereof before, that the Bathe may be readie, at my comming. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 6.

OVr Caninius told me in your behalfe, that if there were any thing, vvhich I thought imported you to vnderstand, that I should not faile to aduertise you thereof. You shall therefore vnderstand, that Caesar is expected: though I perswade my se [...]fe you know it. But notwithstanding he hauing written that he would come, as I remember, into the Alsian territory: his friends wrote backe againe to him, that he should not come: For many would disturbe him, and he many: and that it were better for him to arriue at Pontinum. I knew not, wherefore it imported him more, to arriue at Pontinum, then about Alsia: but Hirtius told me, he had vvritten of it to him: and that Balbu [...], and Oppiu [...] had done the like: all which three, I knew to be well affected to [Page] you. I meant to aduertise you of his comming, to the end, you might know in what place, or rather in which of these two places, you should prouide you of a lodging: for it is not certainly knovvne, where he will arriue. And I did it also, to informe you, that I am familiar with these men; and that they make me partaker of their counsels. Which, I cannot perceiue, why it should not like me. Although I support what is necessarie to be supported: yet it followes not, that I should commend that, which is not praise worthie. Though I know not, what I may not commend; besides the first occasions. For, what afterwards ensued, f [...]ll out through our errour. I savv, (for then you were not there) that our friends affected warre, and that Caesar desired it not so much, as he feared it not. The warre therefore grew through our defect: what after hapned, could not fall out otherwise: it being of necessitie, that one part must vanquish. I knovv your griefe, was equall with mine, perceiuing tha [...] a slaughter of innumerable Cittizens must ensue, with the death of the one, or other Generall: and besides this; knowing, that there could not be a worser inconuenience, then victorie of ciuill warres: the which I expected not from our enemies onely, but also from our friends: Who terribly threatn [...]d [Page] [...]uch, as had not followed their [...]; and ha [...]ed both of vs: you, becau [...]e you desired peace, and me, in that I openly approued it. And if they had subdued, their victorie would haue bin cruell and immoderate. For th [...]y beare an incensed minde towardes vs; as if we had taken a course, that would not be as beneficiall to them, as to our selues, if they would haue followed it: or as if it had beene better to haue gone into Africa, hoping to ouercome, by meanes of the Elephants; then either to die, or liue with any better Fortune. Oh, we liue, in a turmoyled Common-wealth. I cannot denie it; but let them take care, that haue not prouided for any kind of life. And to come to this point, I haue extended my selfe, further then I would. For hauing euer reputed you, for a man of great worth; I now value you much more: For in this so generall a storme, almost you onely haue had the vnderstanding to retyre you into a Port; where rea [...]ing wonderfull fruits of your knowledge, you intellectuallie discourse of things of such a qualitie, as are much more estimable, then any profit, or pleasur [...] of these Conquerours. What sweete daies doe you enioy now in Tusculanum? This may truely bee termed a life. I vvould I might liue so; free from greater disturbances. For I could vvillingly [Page] resigne ouer vnto others, all the riches of the world. But I doe what I can to imitate you, and with singular contentment, I liue in the repose of studies. And why should not euery man graunt vs, now the Common-wealth, neither can, nor will employ vs, that we may retire to letters? The which, I know, by many learned men, (vvith what reason I cannot tell) were preferred before the Common-wealth. If therefore in the iudgement of famous men, we may rather applie our mindes to these studies, then to the gouernment of publicke affaires: how much more now, when the common-wealth her selfe is content therevvith, may vve follow them hourly? But I doe more then Caniniu [...] imposed vpon me: he vvisht me to aduertise you of matters you knevv not, and these that I now write vnto you, you know better then my selfe. Hereafter therefore, I'le be ruled by Caniniu [...] direction: I'le informe you onely of that which belongs to the quality of the present times, and that which I shall vnderstand to import you. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 7.

I Was at supper with S [...]ius, when your letters were brought vs. I am of your [Page] opinion, that 'tis now time to depart from hence. And in that hithe [...]to I haue calumniated you; I'le tell you with what craft I did it. My minde was, that you should h [...]ue entertained the time, in some place neere hand, if happily we could obtaine the fauour of C [...]sar, when we went both together to meete him. Now, that euery thing is dispatch't, without any doubt or delay, we must be gone. For as soone as I heard of the death of Lucius Caesar the sonne; I [...]ayd vnto my selfe; what will he doe to me? whereupon I sup often with these men, which haue a kinde of dominion ouer vs. What should I doe? We must obserue the times. But let vs leaue [...]esting: for 'tis now time to be in earnest. A [...]rica is vp in armes, and trembles fearefully. There is no disaster, which I feare not. But whereas you demaund of me, at what time he wil come, in what part, or into what place: Hitherto we know nothing. They say 'tis true, that he will disimba [...]ke at Baiae. Some thinke, that he may come by Sardinia. For the farme which he there hath, he neuer yet saw, neither hath he a worser, but yet he accounts of it. I rather beleeue, that he'le come by Sicilia: but we shall presently know it. For it cannot be, but Dolabella will arriue. I think [...], he shall be our Master. How many schollers are more sufficient then their Masters? Howsoeuer [Page] if I may vnderstand, what course you will t [...]k [...], my resolut [...]on shall be conform [...]ble to yours [...] and therefore I will attend your letters. Farewell.

Cicero to Varro. Epist. 8.

ALthough it be not the manner; no not of the common people, except they be vrged, to be importunate in dem [...]nding a present; whereof there was formerly an intention and promise made: neue [...]thelesse the expectation that I haue of your promise, mooues me not to sollicite, but to challenge you of performance. And I could not choose; but send you foure bookes: which shall admonish you to pay the debt, without any great respect. This new Academie, hauing, as I suppose you know, rather a presumptuous forme, then otherwise. And therefore I doubt, that these foure bookes, which I send vnto you, comming out of the center of the same Academie, will challenge your promise, with too much importunitie: which I haue enioyned them, that they s [...]ould but onely put you in minde, that I liued in expectation, that you would haue honoured me with the dedication of some worke of yours: and for this cause [Page] I forbare to write vnto you: to the end that hauing first seene your present, I might haue deuised the like to recompence you. But obseruing your slackenes [...]e, (though I will rather terme it diligence, then slacknesse) I could not forbeare to write the said bookes vnto you, to manifest vnto the world, in the best manner I could, the firme knot, both of our studies, and mutuall loue, by which we are con [...]oyned. And so I haue digested in forme of a Dialogue, that discourse we had together in Cum [...]num, Pomponius At [...]i [...]s being present. And because I conc [...]iued, that Antiochus opinion pleased you; I haue brought you in to def [...]nd it: and I maintaine that of Philo. You will in reading, wonder at some things vttered by vs, which neu [...]r were spoken. But you know the custome in Di [...]logu [...]s. Hereafter we will betweene vs endite many things, and vpon the subiect of our selues. Which we should haue done before now: but for the time past, the Common-wealth excuseth vs; for the time to come, the blame should be laid vpon vs. And would to God, that in a retired life, and in a state of our co [...]ntrie, though not [...]rosperous, [...]et secure; we might exercise our studies together. Al [...]hough occasions would not be then wanting, to meditate, and practise somthing else. But now, without studies, [Page] what a life would ours be? In sooth, I know not certainly, whither with them I may likewise liue: but without, I shall neuer be able. But we will discusse this together hereafter, and verie often. Whereas you write vnto me, about the house you haue bought, and how you are gone to dwell there: I wish you all happinesse therein, and I thinke you haue done very wisely. Haue a care of your health. Farewell.

Dolabella to Cicero. Ep. 9.

IF you be well, I am glad of it: I am in health; and our Tullia is exceeding well. Terentia felt her selfe very ill: but I know certainely shee is recouered. All your other matters, stand in very good state [...] you know, that before now, I perswaded you to follow Caesars part, or else to retire you into some secure, and quiet place: neither am I perswaded, that you imagine, that I aduised you, more for the interest of our faction, then for your owne good. And therefore now, that we are euen vpon the point of victorie; I should thinke I committed a greater fault, if I did not exhort you a new. And I beseech you my C [...]c [...]ro, to take in good part what I write, [Page] and if you like not to follow my counsell; at least beleeue, that I haue stirred in your actions, and done the offices which now I performe; for no other end, but for the great loue I beare you. You see now, that Cneius Pompeius is nothing the better for the glory of his name, nor for his so great prowesse, or being so much followed by Kings and Nations, wherein being loftie and proud he continually vaunted. He is driuen out of Itali [...]: he hath lost Spaine [...] And his armie of old souldi [...]rs, it taken from him: finallie, he is now besieged; and that which neuer fell out to any one, how base soeuer he was; hapneth to him; that he cannot flie without dis [...]onor. Neither doe I thinke that any of our Captaines, were euer in such di [...]grace. Where [...]ore being wise, as you are, consider well, what hopes now remaine, either to him or you, And in so doing you may dispose of your selfe, to take that course, for your businesses which shall be most profitable. One fauour I demand of you, that if he escape this beleaguering, and flie away by Sea, that you looke well to your own estate, and resolue at length, to be better to your selfe, then to any other what [...]oeuer. You haue di [...]charged your dutie; you haue satisfied the inward amitie you had with Pompeius; you haue satisfied also each part; and [Page] that Cōmon-wealth, which you iudge to be good. Now it remaines, that you must be contented with that we haue: seeing you cannot be in that, which so much pleased you. Therefore I desire, my sweete Cicero, if peraduenture Pompeius be driuen out of the place, where he is; and be constrained to retire himselfe anew, into other countries; that you withdraw your selfe, either to Athens, or else into some other quiet Cittie. And when you doe so, be pleased to aduertise me: for, if it may be, I [...]le come spe [...]dily to find you. And besids, that I am certaine, your selfe shall obtaine of Caesar, whatsoeuer you will, about your honor; because he is verie courteous; I am also furth [...]r of opinion, that he will be much moued at my entreaties. I know your fidelitie, and loue; the one, makes me beleeue, that the carrier of this present, may returne hither againe securely; and the other, that he will bring me your letters. Farewell.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 10.

I Thought it an error not to write vnto you, our friend Sal [...]ius hauing occasiō [...]o come where you are: although, to say truth, I know not what to write: [Page] more then that I loue you tenderly: which though I should not write; yet I am certaine, you would hold it infallible. I should rather looke for letters from you, then you from me: nothing passing in Rome, which you care to vnderstand: except peraduenture you would know this: that our Nicias, and V [...]dius, haue made choice of me for their Iudge. One produceth (as he seemes to informe me) a loane made to Nicias, written in two verses: the other like a second Aristarcus, saith it is false. I as an auncient Iudge, must determine whither it be false or true. I suppose th [...]t you reasoning now within your selfe, may say vnto me. Haue you then [...]orgotten those mushromes, which you eate in Nicias hou [...]e? and those g [...]eat banquets of Sophia, daughter to Septimia? But wh [...]t's your meaning by this? doe you th [...]nke I haue forgotten my selfe so farre, that whereas before, I was verie seuere; now, that I haue the authoritie of a Iudge, should I make no account of Iustice? I'le carrie the matter so, that our Nicias shall not be wronged: neither will I in any case condemn him, to the end that you may haue no occasion to restore him; least he goe to Plancus Burs [...], to instruct him in letters. Bu [...] what doe I? I range too farre, not well conceiuing whither you haue a reposed minde, or, as it falls out often in [Page] the warres, whither you finde your selfe plunged in some care, or businesse of importance. When I vnderstand, that you are in case to laugh: I'le write to you more at large. Yet will I not omit to tell you this, that the people were wonderfully toucht with the death of Pub [...]ius Silla, before they knew the certaintie. Now they neuer striue to vnderstand how he died, they thinke it enough to know that he is dead. I for some reason, beare it patiently; I am affraid of one thing: that by this mans death, Caesars publike out-crie will bee hindred. Farewell.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 11.

I Had rather you should vnderstand by my letters, of mine owne death; then that of my daughter; which assuredly I should the better support, if I had you about me. For your words would haue comforted me exceedingly, and the vnspeakeable loue you beare me. But, because I hope within a small time, to see you againe; you shall finde me at such a passe, that I may receiue also from you [...] no small assistance; not that I am so afflicted, that I haue forgotten my selfe to be a man; or that I conceiue [Page] not, that Fortune should be resisted: Neuerthelesse, as I was wont to be the most cheerefull and milde man of the world: vpon which you tooke such liking to my conuersation: So now am I turned quite contrary; yet you shall vnderstand, that I haue not a whit diminished that freedome, and constancie of spirit, I was wont to haue, if it be [...]ue, that euer I had it. Whereas you write, that you defend me stoutly against my detractors; I make not so much account of that, as I desire it may appeare, as questionlesse it doth, that I am beloued of you. And I pray you with the most effectuall entreaties that can be vsed, be pleased to perseuere, in that so louing an offic [...]; and to p [...]rdon me, though I write briefely to you: the which I do, first in this respect, because I imagine we shall shortly be together: Besides, because this blow, hath so astonisht me, that I find not my selfe yet in case for writing [...] Farewell.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 12.

I Congratulate with the Baths of Baiae, seeing as you write, on a sudden they are growne healthfull, against their old custome. Except peraduenture they are enamored of you, and desire to applie [Page] themselues to your occasion, giuing ouer, while you are there, their ordinarie disposition. Which, if it be true; I maruaile not, though euen heauen, & earth leaue their vsuall properties, for your commoditie. I send you the briefe Oration, which I made in defence of King Deiotarus: which I knew not to be about me. The subiect is very mean, and almost vncapable of ornaments; nor verie worthie to be set downe in writing. But because Deiotarus is my guest, and a friend of many yeares standing; I thought good to send him, this poore present, as a garment of a grosse graine; like those presents, he was wont to send to me. I aduise you to shew, wi [...]edome, and valour: to the end, that by your modestie, and grauitie, the iniuries of your enemies, may light vpon their owne heads with dishonour, and infamie. Farewell.

Cicero to Dolabella. Ep. 13.

CAius Suberinus C [...]llenus, is a familiar of mine, and an inward friend to Lepta, our most domesticall. This man to auoid the warre, going into Spaine, with Marcus Varro, with a resolution to remaine in that Prouince, [Page] where none of vs (since Afranita was defeated) supposed that any rumors of warre would haue risen: did light precisely into those verie mischiefes, which he laboured to shunne. For on the sudda [...]ne, he was surprized with a war [...]e, which being first kindled by Scapula, was afterwards in such sort, reinforced by Pompeius, that in no wise, Suberinus could dis-intrica [...]e himselfe from that miserie. Mar [...]us Planiu [...] Haeres, is as it were in the same perplexi [...]i [...]s, who is likewise Calenu [...], a familiar friend of our L [...]pta. I commend therefore vnto you, both these, with the greatest loue, and efficacie possible. I desire to doe them fauour: and not onely amitie, but euen humanitie mooues me thereunto. Besides, Lepta being so much grieued thereat, that he could not be more in case of his owne substance: I am vrged to feele therein, if not as much affliction, at the least little lesse. Whereupon, though I had many times, by proo [...]e vnderstood, how entire the loue you beare me is; neuerth [...]lesse be as [...]ured, that I shall more securely iudge thereof, in this present occasion. I pray you there [...]ore, so wo [...]ke, that both these Caleni; miserable, not by fault, but through Fortune, to whom euery one is subiect, may receiue no damage; to the end, that by your meanes I may do this fauour to them; & also, to the company [Page] of Calenus, with whom I haue great friendship, and to Lepta, which more imports then all the rest. What I am to speake, I thinke is not much to the purpose: neuerthelesse 'tis not hurtfull to deliuer it. I say therefor [...], that one of these hath very little substance, and the other hardly so much, as may maintaine him in the ranke of a Caual [...]ere. Wherefore seeing Caesar, out of his clemencie, hath giuen him his life, besides which they haue not much to lo [...]e; see if you can procure fauour; if you loue me so much, as quest [...]onlesse you doe; that they may returne home: wherein they gaine nothing else, but a tedious iourney; which will not bee wearisome to them, so they may liue and die with their friends. Which thing I request you most earnestly to procure with all end [...]uour, or rather to effect it; for I am of opinion, that you are able to doe it. Farewell.

Cicero to Dolabella Consull. Epist. 9.

THough I could content my selfe, my Dolabella, with your glory, and take therein wonderfull satisfaction, and contentment: yet I must need [...]s [Page] conf [...]sse, that I feele my selfe replenished with infinite ioy, seeing, that by the common opinion of men, I am made partak [...]r of your praises. With whomsoeuer I come to speake thereof, (And euery day I speake with very many, for there is a great number of vertuous men, whi [...]h for the meanes of health, repaire to these places: and besides this, diuers others my ne [...]re friends, which come vnto vs from pr [...]u [...]ledged places, all which) aft [...]r they haue exal [...]ed you to heauen with exceeding prayses, they presently giue me the great [...]st, and most effectuall thankes that can be. For they say, they make no doubt, but that you, following my documents, and instructions, may discharge those offices. Which to an exc [...]llent Cittizen, and hono [...]able Con [...]ull are conformable. And though I may answer them in all truth; that the matters you compasse; your owne iudgement, and likeing moues you to effect them; and that you neede not anothers aduise: neuer [...]he [...]esse, neither doe I whollie yeeld to their words, because I would not extenuate your praise; in that it may seeme, wholly to proceed from my Councels: nor doe I altogether oppose them: because I am more hungrie after glorie then is conuenient. And yet, that de [...]oga [...]es not from your dignitie, which Agamemn [...]n king of kings, reputed [...]or [Page] so great honor; to hauesome N [...]stor for a Coun [...]ellor: and to mee it brings great renowne; that you being a young man, and Consull, should increase in vertuous operations, as nourished and brought vp, vnder my discipline. Luciu [...] Caesar certainely, whom I went, to meet at Naples, al [...]hough terrible bod [...]lie torments a [...]flicted him; neuerthelesse, before hee saluted me, said, I reioyce with you, my Cicero, in that you are of such power with Dolabell [...], that, if I had as much with the son of my sister; we might, secure from all danger, now, lead a life reposed. But with your Dolabella I reioyce, and g [...]ue him thankes [...] to whom in truth, since your time of being Consull, wee may only ascribe the title of true Consull, Hee afterwards vs [...]d many words, about your actions, and prowesse: concluding, that there was neuer more honourable and illustrious enterprise p [...]rform [...]d; nor from which greater benefit accrewed to the Common-wealth. And euerie one gen [...]rallie concurreth with him in this opinion. Now, I [...]equest you; that you will permit me, to assume this, as it were a false inheritance of anothers glorie: and suffer me in some part, to enter into a participation, of your praises. Although my Dolabella (for what I said hi [...]herto, I spake out of merriment) I would more [Page] willingly poure vpon you, all my commendations, if any praise be due vnto me, then diminish any of yours. For I hauing alwaies so loued you, as easilie you may conceiue: [&] now especially, these your atchieuements haue enflamed me with so ardent an affection, that no man was euer, more set on fire with loue, then my selfe. For there is nothing, (beleeue me) that is more louelie, beautifull, or amiable then vertue. I euer loued, as you know, Marcus Brutus, for the excellencie of his wi [...]; for the sweetnesse of his customes; and for that bountie, and constancie, wherein none is comparable to him: and neuerthelesse, on the xiii of March, my loue toward [...] him, was so augmen [...]ed; that I wondred, how a thing could growe greater, the which long time since I thought had attained to it [...]ull growth. And who would euer haue thought, that the loue I beare you, could in any so [...]t, haue beene enlarged? and yet it is so encreased, that paralle [...]ling the loue I now beare you; with that wh [...]ch hitherto I professed [...]owards you, me thinkes that seemes vu [...]gar, and this singular. To what end the [...]efore should I exhort you, to haue [...]he obiect of your thoughts to be euer reputation, and glorie? Shall I set before your eyes, the example of m [...]n famous for their vertue; which they vsually [Page] doe, that exhort men to praise? I cannot finde a more famous man then your selfe. You must trace your owne footesteps, and seeke to goe beyond your selfe. And me thinkes, hauing a [...]readie wrou [...]ht such wonderfull things; you can doe no lesse, then resemble your own actions. And being so, exhortations, are not necessary: it is rather needfull, that I should reioyce wi [...]h you: a matter hauing fallen out to you, which I cannot say, euer happened to any other; which is; that, the hauing with rigorous seueritie punished an offence, did not displease; but pleased the people: and did as well to all good men, as to the meanest people, bring singular contentment. If this had happened through the [...]uour of Fortune; I would haue reioyced with you, in your h [...]ppie successe; but this fell out vnto you, first through the magnanimitie of your minde, and then by your owne wisedome and councell. For I haue read the Oration that you made vnto the people. I neuer saw any thing fuller of vnderstanding. For point, by point, you do [...] so clo [...]ely come vp, to demonstrate the occasion of the fact, and then afterwards you retire your selfe with that dexteritie; that by an vniuersall consent of euery man, It seemed the matter it selfe solicited you, to chastise [Page] the malefactors. You haue therefore free'd the towne from danger; and the Cittizens from feare. Neither onely at this instant; but for euer, while the memorie of so notable an act shall continue, you haue exceedingly benefitted the Common-wealth. Therefore you must conceiue, that the whole Common-wealth relieth onlie vpon you: and that to you it belongs not only to preserue, but also to exalt them to honorable estate, [...]om whom the beginning of libertie is deriued. But of these things, so farre as I hope, it will not be long; [...]re we discourse presentially. In the meane while; seeing you preserue the Common-wealth, and vs, attend with singular care, to preserue your selfe. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 15.

I will answer two of your Epistles: one, that I receiued three daies since from Zethus; another, which Philerus the Poaste brought me. By the first, I vnderstood, that you were well pleased, to heare me so inquisitiue of your sicknes. And I am glad, that you conceiue my affection towards you: though I assure [Page] you; that you could not so well apprehend it by my letters, as it is in effect. For, perceiuing my selfe to be honoured, and beloued of many; (for I cannot say otherwise;) amongst all those, there's not any one, more deare vnto me then you are: not onely because you lou [...] me, and haue loued moe of long time, and with perseuerance: (which, though it be a great, and peraduenture a verie extraordinarie matter: yet is it common to you, with many others:) but also, because your selfe is so amiable, sweet, and euery waies courteous: which is a part proper to you alone: to which we may adde, a manner of [...]easting, not according to the Atticke, but conformable to the ancient R [...]mane vse, more ingenious th [...]n that of the A [...]ticks. And I, (make what reckoning of me you please) am wonderfullie delighted with wittie c [...]nceipts, especiallie with ours of Rome: which heretofore lost a great deale of their lustre, when our Citie came to be ouer-thronged with forraine nations; in that the tittle of Cittizens, which then was belonging only to the Latin [...] people; now conferred vpon nations, which come from beyond the mountaines, is the occasion that it daily looseth that ancient facetious manner of speaking: so that almost no footsteps thereof remaineth. Wherefore when [Page] I see you, me thinkes I see all the Grani [...], all the Lucilij, and also to speake, as it is, all the Crassi, and Laelij. I would I were dead, if besides your selfe, I see any left me, in whom I can discerne any similitude of those ancient pleasant straines of wit. Whereunto adding, so great loue, as that is, which you beare mee: doe you wonder, that I was so t [...]oubled for your grieuous, and dangerous maladie? And whereas in the other Epistle you excuse your selfe, by saying, that you neuer diswaded me, from the purchase that I would haue made at Naples, but that you aduised mee to continue at Rome: neither did I euer vnderstand it otherwise. In deed I conceiued that, which by these letters I apprehend, that you [...]hought it was not good for me, as I also thought, to depart from hence; not altogether; but yet with a determination, to returne hither seldome. You speake to me of Catulus, and of those times. What conformitie is there? Then, it disliked me to remaine long time farre of, from the custodie of the Common-wealth. For we sate in the sterne, and gouerned the Rudder: but now we haue scarcely any place about the pumpe. Do you thinke now, though I shall bee at Naples, that for this cause they will forbeare, to passe decrees in the Senate? when being at Rome, & attending to publicke affaires; [Page] the decrees of the Senate are registred in a friends house of thine, my familiar; and when they please, they subscribe my name thereto, as if I had beene present. And I sooner heare of some decree, transported into Armenia, and Syria, which seemes to be passed according to my minde, then word is deliuered to me thereof. And thinke not, that I speake this in [...]east: Because you must note, that letters are alreadie brought mee from the farthest distant Kings that are; wherein they thanke me, for giuing them in the Senate, the title of Kings: the which I had not onlie, not done; but scarcely knew there were any such in the world. What must be done then? So long as this our master of ceremonies remains heere, I will neuerthelesse doe as you counsell me: when he is gone, I'le come to your Mushromes. If I shall haue an house; the charge which the law limiteth vs for one day, I'le distribute into ten: but if I cannot meet with a scare, that contents me; I am determined to lie with you. For I know I cannot better gratifie you. About Silla's house, I had now almost lost all hope, as I last wrote vnto you: but yet I haue not altogether lost it; I should be glad, that you as you write, had viewed it in the companie of some Masons, for if there be no fault in the [Page] walles, or the roofe, the rest will like me well enough. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 16.

YOur letters pleased me: and first, I was glad to vnderstand, that the affection you beare me, induced you to write vnto me, doubting lest Silius, with the newes he brought m [...]e, might haue put mee to some trouble of minde. About which thing, you wrote before vnto me, twice after one manner: so that I easily conceiued your dislike: and I had diligently returned answer thereunto, to the end, that so well as in such an occasion, and time I was able, I might, at the least, in part, if not altogether dispossesse you of your sorrow. But seeing in these last letters also, you shew what a care you haue of it: be assured of this, my Paeto, that, whatsoeuer could bee done with Art, (for now councell s [...]rues not the turne, some new policie must bee inuented) I say, what by Art may bee attempted, or inuented, to purchase the loue of these Caesarians: that h [...]ue I labou [...]ed, and procured with all diligence possible: and in my opinion, very successefully. [Page] For, I am so honoured, and reuerenced by them, to whom Caesar wisheth well, that I beleeue I am beloued of them. For, though I could hardly discerne true loue from fained, except vpon some occasion, wherein, as gold by the fire, so true loue may bee tried, and knowne by some danger; for other, are but common signes: neuerthelesse, I build vpon this, rather then any other thing, to thinke, that I am heartily, and [...]ruely beloued: that, both my fortune, and theirs is such, as there is no cause to dissemble. Then, as for him, who is Lord of all, I see not why I should feare; except in that, there is no security, where reason hath no authority. Neither can one promise any thing certaine to himselfe, where, on others will (not to terme them appetites) euery thing dependeth. Notwithstanding, I haue not offended his minde in any thing: and therein I haue carefully vsed all my dexterity and prudence. For, as other whiles I thought, that it rather appertain'd to mee, then any other, to speake freely; as to him, that had beene a preseruer of the common liberty: so now, seeing it is lost, I thinke it not fit for me, to speak any thing, wc may offend either Caesars minde, or his friends. But, if I should omit the occasion, of some excellent saying, I should lose the opinion conceiued of my wit: the which, [Page] if I could, I would not refuse to doe. But yet Caesar himselfe hath a very good iudgement. And euen as your brother Seruius, whom I take to haue beene very learned, would readily say, this verse is not of Pl [...]tus, this is; because he was accustomed to read Poets and to note their passages: so I vnderstand, that Caesar, hauing of himselfe, made volumes of worthy sayings, if any thing bee presented him for mine, which is not, he vseth to reiect it: and he doth it now much more, because his most familiar friends, leade their whole life almost with me. Now, many things fall, in sundry disc [...]urs [...]s, which peraduenture, after I haue vttered them, yeeld some sauour of learning and vnderstanding; these are of [...]ered to him, together with other conceipts, which daily are inuented: For, so hee hath commanded. From hence it proceeds, that, if afterwards hee heare any thing of me, hee thinkes it not worthy to bee giuen eare vnto. For which cause, I make no vse of your E [...]omaus, though by way of merriment, you haue added there [...]o the verses of Accius. But what enuy is there? or, what thing is there in me, for which I should be enuied? But suppose, that it is, as you say: I see, that it so pleased the Philosophers, that is, those that seeme alone vnto me, to vnderstand the force of vertue: it pleased [Page] them, I say, that a wise man should not bee bound, to render accompt of any thing, but of offence: from which I perceiue my selfe free, two wayes: First, because I alwaies had an vpright mind: next, in that when I saw, there was no meanes to defend our opinions, my conc [...]it was, that we ought not to contend with the more mighty. I cannot th [...]refore certainely bee blamed in the office of a good Citizen. It remaines, that I neither doe, nor say any thing rashly, or foolishly against them, that gouerne the Common-wealth. And this also, I deeme to bee a poynt of a wise man. For other things, that which another sayes I haue spoken, or how Caesar construes my sayings, or with what fidelity they liue with me, which daily court, and honour mee, of this I cannot be secure. And thus I com [...]ort my selfe, partly with the memoriall of my life past, and partly by liuing now moderately: and that similitude, which the Poet Attius makes, I attribute not onely to enuie, but to fortune also: the which, as a weake thing, should be vanquished, and broken by euery val [...]ant minde; no otherwise, then as a waue, is broken by a rocke. And in truth, the Greeke stories making mention; how, wise men haue alwayes supported the dominion of Tyrants, either in Athens, or Siracusa; hauing beene in some sort [Page] free, during the seruitude of their Ci [...]ies: I'le not imagine, that I can so preserue my state; that it neither off [...]nd the minde of some man, nor diminish mine owne honour. Now I come to your pleasant conceits: seeing, after At [...]ius his Oeno [...]a [...]es, you bring in, not as th [...]y were wont, Attellanus, but as the custome at this day is, Mimus. What Popilium, or Denarium, doe you t [...]ll me of? What dish of strong cheese? out of my ingenuous disposi [...]ion, I hither [...]o [...]upported these things; now the matter goes otherwise; I haue schollers in speaking, and masters in [...]ating, Hirtius and Dol [...]bella. For, I suppose you haue heard (if peraduenture all things come to your hearing) how they continually d [...]claime in my house; and I [...]at at their house. And it boots not you to sweare, tha [...] you want the meanes: for, when you were addicted to gather wealth; by my reasons, you made your selfe mor [...] studious therein: now, in that you consume your substance with such patience; doe not beleeue, that I'le come into your house, like a Iudge to cor [...]ect you. And if I endamage you any thing: it will be a lesse euill, to bee damnified by a friend, then by a debtor. Neither doe I expect from you, such sumptuous suppers, that there remaine great superfluities. The meats that are, let them be exquisite, and well drest. I remember, [Page] you were wont to t [...]ll me of a supper of Phamea's: Let yours bee made more moderately, but after the same manner. And though you go about to inuite me to [...]upper at your mo [...]h [...]s, it shall also content me. For, I will see this bounty of minde, that dares put before me such thing [...], as you write of, or else a Tolypus, as red, as that [miniated] I [...]u [...], which stands in th [...] Capitoll. I am of opinion, that you dare not performe so great matters. Before my comming, the r [...]port will come to your care, of the delicate meats, I begin [...]o feed vpon; you'l admire at it: and looke not I should rest contented, with that mingled beuerage of wine and honey: for I will by no meanes, abide [...]o see it. I care no more for your Oliu [...]s, and Salciccia's: But why discourse we of these things? I would wee might once come thither: I will content my selfe with that salt cheese, which you were wont to vse: and I'le put you, (for I'le rid you out of paine) to this onely charge, to cause of necessity, the Bath to be hea [...]ed. For other matters; follow our ordinary custome. These former [...]hings I vttered by way of mirth. As for the Silician Farme, you haue done me diligent offices therein, and written most pleasantly [...]hereof: so that I meane to leaue it: for the place is very pleasant. but there are few persons [Page] there, like vnto the place. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 17.

YOu are a good man surely; seeing our Balbus lying with you, you would understand from mee, what will become of these lands, and townes. As if I knew any thing he knew not; or if I doe at any time know any thing, that I vse not to haue [...]rom him. Nay, and if you loue me, procure that I may vnderstand, what will become of vs. For, you had Balbus vnder your power, of whom you might haue knowne it. If not when hee was sober, at least, when you saw him well [...]ipled. But I hunt not my deere Paeto, after these newes: first, because we haue now liued foure yeeres by gettings, if one may terme it getting, or this may be called a life, to suruiue the Common-wealth: then; in that I suppose I know, what will fall out: For, that s [...]all fall out, which they affect, that are most powerfull; and armes are euer most powerfull. Wee must therefore be contented with that, which is granted vs. And hee that could not satisfie his minde with this, did well to dye. They fall a measuring [Page] the Territorie of Veia, and C [...]pena, which is not verie far from my Tusculanum: yet I feare nothing: I enioy my selfe, while I am able, and de [...]ire to be able alwaies. The which, if it may not be: neuerthelesse, considering that I, who am a man of a great spirit, and a Philosopher, ha [...]e thought life verie precious; I cannot but loue him, through whose benefit, I now liue. Who, though peraduenture, hee desire that the Common-wealth should bee such, as he wo [...]ld, and all wee ought to wish for: yet can he dispose of nothing, hee is so colleagued with many. But I range too far, and I doe it, because I write to you. This I tell you in conclusion, that not onely I, who am not present at consultations; but not so much as the great man himselfe knowes, what is to ensue. For, we serue him; he, the times: and so neither he can conceiue, how the times will sort; nor wee, what he thinketh. I wrote not backe these things formerly vnto you; not because I vse to bee negligent; especially in writing; but hauing nothing of certainty; I would not perplex you, with ambiguities, nor put you in hope wi [...]h my affirmations. I will notwithstanding adde [...]his, which is most true; that in these troubles, I haue hitherto heard nothing of this danger: yet, out of your accustomed discretion; you [Page] should wi [...]h the best, forecast the worst, and support what commeth. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 18.

BEing idle in Tusculanum; because I haue sent my Disciples to meet Caesar their acquaintance, with hope by this meanes, to recouer me his fauour; I receiued [...]our most pleasant letters: by which I vnderstood, that my counsell pleased you. For, as Dionysius the Tyrant, being driu [...]n out of Siracusa, set vp, as is reported, a schoole, at Corinth: So I, Courts of Iudgement being put to silence; and my Kingdome, of pleading causes, lost; haue applyed my selfe, as it were, to keepe a schoole. What desire you more? I am also glad I run this course. For, I come by this meanes, to obtaine many things: first, that which principally, at this instant, is necessary; I fortifie my selfe against this terrible season: I know not how good the way I hold is; but well I s [...]e, 'tis not wors [...], then that which hath be [...]n held by others: except peraduen [...]ure it had b [...]en [...] be [...]ter to dye: in ones b [...]d, I'le grant: but this came not to passe: and at the battaile I was not. [Page] others, [as] Pompeius, your Lentul [...]s, Scipio, [and] Afranius, dyed reprochfully; but Cato honourably: And this questionlesse, when wee will, wee may do [...]: yet let vs endeuour; as wee doe, that it may not be so necessary for vs, as for him. This is therfore the fi [...]st thing, which I purchase: and there is yet another, that I grow better; first, in my health, which giuing ouer exercise, I had lost; then, that fluent vttera [...]ce, which I was wont to haue, (if I euer had it) if I had not beene reduced to these exercises, would haue been impaired. The last gaine I make; which peraduenture you'l esteeme, aboue all the fore-m [...]ntioned, is this; that by this time, I haue eaten more Peacocks, thē you haue done Pigeons. Make your selfe merry there, with Atteri [...]n broth, I'le be [merrie] here, with that of Hirtius. Come therefore, if you be a good fellow, and learne, now at length, to liue as you desire. Though I consider, I teach the Dolphines to swim. But seeing I perceiu [...], that you cannot sell the possessions had of your debtors, for payment, according to Caesars valuation; nor fill a pot wi [...]h money, it b [...]hooues you to returne to Rome. I hold it farre better, that you should dye here with eating too much; then there, for want of meat. I see you haue consumed that, which you had. I hope your friends [Page] haue done the like: you are therefore blowne vp, if you looke not to your selfe. You may ride to Rome vpon that Mule, which you say, is left you, seeing you haue eaten your G [...]lding. You shall haue a place in the schoole, as an Vsher, vnder mee, and withall, you shall haue a cushion. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 19.

ANd y [...]t you leaue no [...] your wonted malice. You write [...]h [...]t B [...]lbus was content [...]d with a verie little: as minding to inferre; that if Balbus bee contented with lesse then indifferent suppers, much more ought I to be therin satisfied, who am in respect of him, as one that hath beene Consull, is in respect of a King, much inferior. You know no [...], that I haue wrung euery thing out of his mouth: you know not, that he came presently, to light at my house. Neither do I wōder so much, that he lighted not rather at yours, as, that he went not vnto his own So soon as I saw him; said I, what doth our P [...] to? and he sware vnto me, that he neuer was more willingly in any place. If [Page] you haue made him this man with words, I'le frame my [...]ares as apt to to heare you as his: but if with good cheere: Let me in fauour request you, not to thinke, that the Balbi are more worthie, then the eloquent. Euery day some impediment growes vpon mee: but if I can shake off matters, so, that I may come thither: I will worke after such a sort, that you shall not be abl [...] to excuse your selfe, that you were too late aduertised. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 20.

YOur letters affoorded me a double contentment; both because I haue laughed; and in that I vnderstood, that you, at length, can laugh. Neither am I displeased, that like a bad souldier, you haue loaded me with apples: but I am sorrie, that I could not come thither, as I determined. For, not for few daies, but continually, I would haue lodged with you. And thinke not, that your dish of wine and honie, should more haue seru'd my turne; From an egge to roasted veale, that is, from the beginning of supper, euen to the last, you should haue seene me rauen like a [Page] Wolfe. You were wont to commend me as a man easily to be satisfied, and with a slender meale: now, I am whollie chang'd. For now, I thinke no more on the Common-wealth; nor, what opinion I [...]hould deli [...]er in the Senate; nor, how I am to plead, and handle causes: I applie my selfe to an Epicurean life: not to the dissolute [life] at this day: but to that delicate, and moderate one, which you vsed, when you had plentie to spend: though at this time, you haue more Farmes then euer you had. So that, bee prepared: you haue to doe with a man, that can eate soundly, and that now at length vnderstands somewhat: and men that haue learned late, you know how troublesome they are to content: and you must forget your banqueting dishes, and daintie Cakes. We are now come to that point, that we dare en [...]ite to supper, your Verrius, and Camillus: and you know, what delicate fellowes they are. But [...] obserue yet, a further presumption: I inuited Hirtius also to supper; but he gate no Peacockes. And at this supper, my Cooke, (besides hot broth,) sent vp no dishes, like to those that w [...]re vsuall at Hirtius suppers. This therefore is now my life. In the morning, I visite at home, many honest men, but in miserable condition; and these ioyfull Conquerors: Who in [Page] troth, verie courteouslie, and louinglie entertaine me. After this my visitation, I shut my selfe vp to my studies: either I compose something, or else I read. Some also come to heare me, as a learned man, because I am a little more learned then they are. Afterwards, all the rest of the time [...]is spent, about bodilie health. I haue lamented my countrie, more bitterly, and longer time, then euer Mother lamented her onely childe. If you wish mee well, procure your health: to the end I may not d [...]u [...]ur your substance, while you are sickelie. For I am resolued no [...] to s [...]are you, be you neuer so diseased. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 21.

IS it possible? doe you thinke you are fooli [...]h, in seeking to imitate me, in the flashes (for so you tearme them) of my speeches? you should be foolish indeed, if you could not attaine thereunto: but, seeing in this, you doe not only equalize, but exceed mee; you should [...]coffe rather at me, then at your selfe. That saying of Trabea, concurres not with you: I am hee that labours [Page] in vaine. But tell me a little? What seeme I to you, in my Epistles? doe you not thinke, I discourse with you, in vulgar tearmes? For wee must not alwaies speake after one manner. It is one thing, to write an Epistle; anoth [...]r, to pleade a cause; another, to speake to the people. Nay, the causes themselues are not to be handled after one fashion: In priuate matters; and not in all; bu [...] in those of light importance, [...]uery thing must more nicely be scanned: but where a mans person; his goods; or his honor is questioned; greater ornament of eloquence is required. Epistles are wont to be framed of words dailie vsed. But I pray you, my Paeto, how came it into your minde to say, that there was neuer any Papirius, which was not a plebeian? For, mean [...]r f [...]milies, haue beene of the Patrician order. The first of them, was Lucius Papirius M [...]gi [...]an [...]us, who was Consull, with L [...]cius Sempronius Atratinu [...], hauing b [...]ene before Censor, with the sam [...] [colleague] 312. yeares after the building of Rome. But then, you were c [...]lled Papi [...]. After these, there were xiij. more, which obtained of the higher dignities, before Lucius Papirius Crass [...], who was the first that gaue oue [...] he name P [...]pisius. This man was dict [...]tor, and had for captaine of the ranke M [...]letarie, Lucius P [...]piri [...] Cursor, [Page] 415. yeeres after the building of Rome: and foure yeeres after he was Consull, with Ceso Duillio. After these came Cursor, a verie honourable man: then Lucius Masso, who in demaunding the Aedileship died. After him, many Massenes: of which Patricians, I would haue you reserue pictures in your house. Then follow the Carbones, and the Turdi: these were Plebeians, of whom I would haue you make no account. For besides this C [...]ius Carbo, who was slain by Damasipp [...]s, none of the Carbones, euer benefitted the Common-wealth. We knew C [...]eius Carbo, and that his infamous brother. Who can bee more wicked then they were? of this friend of mine the sonne of Rubria I say nothing. There were three brethren, Publius, Caius, Marcus, surnamed Carbones. Publius, accused by Flaccus, was condemned. Marcus fled out of Sicilia: Caius being accused by Lucius Crassus, as 'twas said, poysoned himselfe. Thi [...] man was a seditious Tribune of the people, and was reported to haue murdred Publius Scipio Africanus: but in my iudgement, there neuer liued a verier villaine then this fellow, that was slaine by our Pompeius at Lilibaeum. And also his father, accused by Marcus Antonius, it is not well knowne after what manner hee came to bee absolued: wherefore my opinion is, that you [Page] should cleaue to the Patricians, for you see, what bad members the plebeians haue proued. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 22.

I Loue the modestie; but rather the libertie of speech. And Zeno was of this opinion, a very ingenious man questionlesse; but greatly opposite to our Academians: But as I say, the Stoicks are of opinion, that euery thing should bee called by it owne name: affirming, that in it, is neither obscenitie, nor inciuilitie: and they proue it by this argument. If there be any obscenitie in speech, it must needs be either in the thing signified; or the word signifying; it can be no where else. In the thing signified it is not; And therefore we see, that not onely in Comedies, the act is plainely expressed, as it is: whereupon Lucilius in his Demiurgus, brings in one vttering these words: which peraduenture you haue heard vpon the stage, & you may call to mind Roscius, when he recited them. He left me lately naked in such fas [...]ion: where the speech in respect of the words, is altogether modest; as for the matter, a little inmodest. But in Tragedies [Page] also: what thinke you of that verse;

What woman's that, that I seelie with him?

And of that other;

Who with another did desire to lie?

And of this;

How could this man, be so presumptuous:

As to enioy great King Phereus wife?

Or of these other:

Though I vnwilling, once in maids estate,

Wit [...]stood him; yet, he did me violate.

In stead of violate, he might haue vsed ano [...]her word, signifying the same thing: but it would haue sounded too immodest. You see therefore, that a thing is not dishonest that is vttered with honest words: and yet the words alter not the signification: which is a signe, that euery thing is honest by nature. And therefore, if there be no dishonesty in things, much lesse in words. So that, if the [...]hing signified be not dishonest, the word that signifies, cannot be dishonest. You doe not say anus, but you [...]erme it by the nam [...] of some other thing. Why? if the thing signified bee dishonest; expresse it wi [...]h what words you will, the matter shall euer be dishonest: if it be not? Why doe you not terme it by it owne proper name? Auncien [...]ly cauda was called penis, from whence the word peniculus proceedeth; because it hath some similitude of [...]hat [Page] Cauda, or taile: but at this day, the word Penis, is accoūted among strude words, or dishonest: & Piso Frugi in the book [...]s of his Histories complaines, that young men are dedicated to [that] Penis. That which in your Epistle, you terme by it proper name, hee couertly cals penis. Which word being growne common to so many; is now accounted as dishonest, as that you vsed. Now, what shall we thinke? Whereas vulgarly men say: Cu [...] noste volumus conuenire. Appeares it not obscene to say, Cum nos? I remember that a wise Consular, speaking in the Senate, vttered these words: Hanc culpam maiorem, an illam dicam? Could he haue fallen into greater obscenitie? You will say it was no obscenitie: b [...] cause hee vttered it not in that sense: words therefore are not they which make obsceniti [...]: and, that things make it not, it is manifest by that which I haue before deliuered. We must therefore conclude, that the same not being in words, nor in things, is no where. To endeuour to get children, is so honestly spoken, that Fathers themselues are wont to put their children in minde thereof: but the proper [...]erme of such endeuour, they dare not vtter. Socrate [...] learn'd the Art of playing vpon an Instrument, of an excellent Musitian, whose name was Connus: take you this to be an obscene word? When we say, [Page] Terni, we speake not vnmannerly; but when Bini, it is immodest. To the Graecians, you'le say. There's therefore no dishonestie in the word: For I vnderstand Greeke also: and yet I say vnto you bini: and you performe it, as if I had spoken it in Greeke, and not in L [...] tine [...] Ruta, and Menta be honest words: but if I would terme the little Menta, after the same manner as we say Rutula, it would not doe well. You say, bell [...] tectoriola: giue me therefore the diminutiue of pauimenta, 'twill sound ill. Now you see, al these are but fooleries: & that there is no obscenitie in words; much lesse in things; from whence it followes, that it's no where. Therefore let vs couch dishonest things vnder modest words. For I would know; is not Diuisio a modest word? but some immodest sence is included in it: and Diuisio belongs to the agen [...]; intercapedo to the patiēt. Are such words vpō this occasion, dishonest? And we cockscombs, if we say, This man strangled his Father, we put not in before, Sir reuerence: but if we would nomina [...]e Aurelia, or Lollia being Harlots, before we name them, we must say, with reuerence. And certainely, words modest, are vsed sometimes for immodest. T [...] say, Batuit, it seemes vnciuilly spoken: Depsit, more vnciuillie: and yet nor the one, nor the other is dishonest. The world is full of [Page] fooles. Test [...]s, in place of iudgement, is a very honest word; in another place it is not so: you may also honestly say, Colei Lanuvini: but Cli [...]e [...]ini cannot bee so modestly spoken. And not onely words, but things also, are sometimes honest, sometimes dishonest. To say, suppedit, is an obscene speech: but let a man speake it of one, that is naked in a Bathe, and 'tis not obscene. You haue heard the Stoickes reasons. If you bee wise, you'le speake ciuillie. I haue made a long tale, vpon one word onely of your Epistle: I am glad, that you take leaue to speake with me, without respect. I like, and euer will like to follow the modestie of speech: as Plato accustometh. Whereupon I haue treated of this argument, with shrouded words, which the Stoickes handle very openly: but these men affirme also, that farting should be as free, as belching. I haue therefore vsed [...]his respect, in reuerence of the time present. Vouchsafe to loue me, and be carefull of your health. The first of March. Farewell.

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Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 23.

YEsterday I came to Cumaenum: to morrow peraduenture I'le be with you: and, if I come, you shall know of it a little before. Though, when Marcus Ceparius met me in the wood Gallinaria, and I demanded of him, what you did; and he told me, you kep [...] your b [...]d, by reason you had the gowt in your feete: I was questionlesse sorrie, as reason required. But notwithstanding, I am resolu'd to come & see you, as well to visite you, as to sup with you. For, though you haue the gowt in your feet; your Cooke, I hope, hath it not in his hands. Expect me therefore, but as a man of spare dyet, and an enemie to sumptuous suppers. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 24.

THough I had bin offended by this Rufus, your friend, of whom you haue now twice written vnto me: yet would I not forbeare to fauour him, in what I were able; seeing you are so [Page] carefull of his occasions: but hauing now both by your letters, and also by those which he sent me, gathered and iudged, that hee entirely affected my safetie; I cannot but be a friend vnto him; not onely for your recommendation, the which, as reason requires, is of great force with me; but wi [...]hall, thorough mine owne inclination, and vnderstanding. For I would you should know, (my Paeto) that the originall of my i [...]alousie, and the diligence, that I vsed in looking carefully to my selfe; grew from your letters: to which the letters of many others, were afterwards conformable. For both in Aquinum, & Fabrateria, there were practises against me; which I see, you came to knowledge of. And they, as it were, presaging, how troublesome I should be vnto them, minded nothing, but to oppresse me. Whereof, I hauing no iealousie, peraduenture I might haue fallen into some danger, if I had not beene by you aduertised. And therefore this your friend, with me, needs no recommendation. I desire nothing now, but that the fortune of the commonwealth proue so, as he may acknowledge me for an excellen [...] pay master. But enough of this. I am sorrie, you haue giuen ouer going to banquets. First, because you haue depriued your selfe of a singular delight and contentment; and then [Page] (for betweene our selues we may speak truth) because I feare, you'le lose what before you had learned; & that you will forget to make those delicate suppe [...], For if, when you had one to imitate, you profited not much; what may I thinke you will now doe? when I had told Spurina the matter; and explained the customes of your life past; verilie, he demonstrated, that the Common-wealth vnderwent a great hazard, if at the beginning of the Spring, you ret [...]rned not to your former vse of banquetting: but now while winter lasteth it might be endured. In good earnest, I aduise you; if you meane to leade an happie life; to keepe companie with your good, pleasant, and louing friend [...]. [For] nothing more befitteth life, nothing affordeth greater happinesse then it. Neither spe [...]ke I this, in respect of the pleasures, but in respect of liui [...]g, and eating together, and the libertie of minde: which is more enioyed in familiar discourse, [...]hen any way else, and this is most pleasing at inuitements [...] so that our countrie men, named it much more wisely then the Graecians did: they call'd it [...], or [...], which signifie to drinke, and sup together, our countrie men tearmed them Conuiula, because then especiallie men liue together. Doe you obserue how I by Philosophicall reasons, labour to reduce [Page] you, to your old custome of seasting? Regard your health: wherein nothing will more helpe you then to go often abroade to supper. But if you wish me well, suppose not, though I write ieastingly, that I haue laid a [...]ide the care of the Common-wealth. Be perswaded of this my Paeto, that day, and night, I attend and sollicite, no other thing; but that my Cittizens may be safe, and enioy their libertie. I omit no occasion to admonish, endeauour, and prouide. I haue finally propounded to my selfe, to repute it for my greatest Fortune, if need were, to lay downe my life, in this care, and administration. Once more Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 25.

YOur letters haue made me a very valiant Captaine. Questionles [...]e, I knew not, that you vnderstood so much, of the art of warre: I see you haue read, and read ouer againe, the bookes of Pyrrhus, and Cynea. Whereupon I am resolued to obey your precepts: and moreouer, to haue a little barke readie vpon the coast. And they say against the Parthian Cauallerie, [Page] there cannot be found a better armour. But why iest we? You know not with what a Captaine you are to buckle. I haue put in practise, whatsoeuer I read in Xenophons Cyrus, which booke I had worne out with continuall reading. But wee'le ieast another time at our meeting; and ere it be long, as I hope. Now come to be commanded, (as the old saying was) or (to speake more plainely) to obey me. I hold an inward amitie, with Marcus Fabius, as I thinke you know: and I loue him exceedingly; first, for the rare bountie, and singular modestie, I discerned in him; then, because in these controuersies, which I entertaine, with the Epicureans, your table associates; I am wont to reape from him great furtherance. He comming therefore to me at Laodicea, and I desiring, that he would remaine with me; he was presently stroken with terrible letters; wherein was written: how the H [...]rculanensian grange of his brother Quintus Fabius, was exposed to sale; though it belonged not to him onely, but was common betweene them both. Whereat Marcus Fabius, was deepely discontented: and grew to be of opinion, that his brother, as a man of small vnderstanding, was thereunto induced by his enemies. Now, if you loue mee my Pato, take vpon you this whole [Page] busines [...]e, a [...]d remoue Fabius out of this perplexitie. You may herein further vs, with your authoritie, councell, and [...]auour. Permit not, that two brothers goe to suite, and contest, to the shame, and preiudice of them both. Enemies to Fabius, are Matho, and Pollio: What needes more wordes? Vndoubtedlie, I cannot write vnto you at full, what a pleasure you shall doe mee, in drawing him out of this labyrinth. Which hee vnderstands to lye in your power; and makes me also beleeue it. Farewell.

Cicero to Papirius Paeto. Epist. 26.

I Was set at the table, about nine of the clocke, when I wrote to you this present letter. You'l say, Where? In the house of Volumnius E [...]trapelus: and there were, your two familiar acquaintances, Atticus, and Verrius; Atticu [...] aboue, and Verrius beneath mee. Doe you wonder, that being her [...]tofore so regular, I should now bee so much delighted [Page] with merrie entertainments? What should I doe now? I aske counsell of you, who heares a Philosopher. Should I burie my selfe in thoughts? Should I excrutiate my selfe? What might I get [thereby]? And then, to what end? you might liue, you'l say, in letters. Thinke you, that I doe not so? I could not liue, if I sought not to liue in l [...]tters. But euen of those, there is also, not a satietie, but yet a measure, or proportion. Whereunto, when I haue a while bent my minde, I repaire to inuitements, because I know not what else to doe, before bed time: Although inuitements (wheron your controuersie grew with Dion the Philosopher) are of no great esteeme with mee. Hearken to the rest. Vnder Eutrapelus was plac't Cyt [...]ris; Oh! you will here cry out, that, that Cicero should neuer haue gone to such an inuitement;

Whose presence when the Grecians did behold;

They daunted fled. [How fast, cannot be told.]

I must confesse, I knew not of her being there. But, neither did the So [...]raticke Aristippus so much as blush, when it was cast in his teeth, that hee kept Laida: I keepe Laida, said he, but Laida keepes not mee. This sounds better in Greeke. Doe you, if you please, expound it. But none of these things euer [Page] moued me in my youth, much lesse in old age. I am delighted in meetings: there I freely speake, what I will: and I turne my bitter teares into laughter. Now, see if you can lead a better life then this? You once brake a iest vpon a Philosopher, who exposing himselfe to resolue any doubt should bee propounded to him: you demanded of him, where you might get a supper, that might dure as long, as from morning to night. The silly man thought, that you would haue demanded of him, whether there were but one, or innumerable heauens: What good was that to you? But tell me truely, did the supper doe you good? especially from a Philosopher? Now this life passe wee: euery day, we read, or write somewhat: then; to entertaine time also with our friends, we meale together; yet not so, that our inu [...]tements exceed the limits of the Law (if now, there bee any Law,) But rather 'tis lesse, then the Lawes tolerate. Therefore you need not stand in feare of my comming: you shall lodge a man, that eats not much, but will be very iocund. Farewell.

THE TENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Lucius Plancus, Imperator, elected Consull. Epist. 1.

I Was departed from Rome, to goe into Greece: when in the mid-way, imagining I was recalled, as by some voyce of my Countrey, I [...]ooke a cour [...]e to returne. Since which returne, Marcus Antonius hath held mee in cont [...]nuall turmoyles: who is, I will not say, so [Page] insolent, (for many haue this defect) but so wicked, and cruell, as hee would not, that any man, not onely in words, but not so much as in shew, should enioy a freedome. Whereupon, I remaine in great perplexity; not about my life; to which, by yeeres, and endeuours; and, (if it ought auailed) I may tell you, that euen with glorie also, I haue giuen satisfaction: but I greeue for my Countrey, and principally, for the expectation of your Consulship: which is so prolonged, as wee may desire, [but] to liue till that time. And what hope remaines, if all matters bee bee ouerswayed by the armes of [...]he most insolent, and most vnbridled man that liues? If the Senate, and people, be of no force? If the authority of the Lawes, and Tribunals, is fallen? If there bee no more, either forme, or foot-step of a Common-wealth? But because it imports not, that I should write vnto you all particulars: they hauing been specified vnto you by others: I will acquaint you with that, which loue moues mee to tell you of, which I haue borne you from your child-hood; and haue euer, not onely preserued, but augmented it: remembring, and exhorting you, to embrace with all study and care the Common-wealth: which, if it continue till the time of your Consulship, it will be no great trouble to gouerne [Page] it: but to procure, that it may so long continue; there is required, not onely speciall diligence, but also no little fauour of Fortune. Y [...]t I hope, wee shal enioy you sōwhat [...]ooner. And besides that I am bound, to giue assistance to the Common-wealth; your honor doth so neerely touch mee, that I will therein employ all my councell, endeuour, offices, labour, paines, and diligence, to augment your reputation. By which meanes, I know I shall easily discharge my selfe, both to my Country, which to me is most deere; and to our amitie; which in my esteeme, ought by vs most sacredly to be obserued. I wonder not, but reioyce, that you carrie your selfe towards our friend Furnius, as his courtesie, and place requireth. And be assured, that I will hold that esteeme, of whatsoeuer you doe in honouring, or benefitting him, as if you had honoured, and benefitted mine owne person. Farewell.

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 2.

I Would not haue failed to employ my selfe in your behalfe, in respect of our inward amitie, if I could haue come into [Page] the Senate, either securely, or with honour. But no man, that thinks freely of the Common-wealth, can without danger conuerse in the middest of armes, and such extreme licenciousnes [...] neither doe I iudge it befitting my quality, to speake in the occasions of the Common-wealth, in a place, where armed men may better, & neerer at hand, heare me then Senators. Therefore in priuate occasions, I wil n [...]uer faile you, either in offices, or fauour: nor yet in publike, will I euer be wanting, though with perill; if there be any businesse in hand, that requires my presence [...] to maintaine your dignity. But in such matters, as without my being there, may be brought to effect, I will request you, to be content, that I may h [...]ue reference to mine owne safety and reputation. Farewell.

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 3.

I Met with Furnius, to my great contentment, for his owne sake: but much greater, in that hearing him, me thought I heard you speake. He declared vnto mee, how valiantly you beare your selfe in the warre; how vprightly [Page] you gouerne the Prouince; and finally, what prudence you manifest in all your actions: yeelding withall a te [...]timony, both of your humanity, well knowne to me before, in our familiar conuersation; and of your singular courtesie vsed towards him. All which things haue afforded me great delight; but the last, together with delight, contentment. I retained neere amitie, my Pl [...]ncus, with your Familie, somewhat before you were bo [...]ne: I loued you, from the tender yeeres of you [...] infancie, and in confirmed age, we held familiar conuersation; proceeding from the loue I bare you, and from the good opinion, you conceiued of me. And for these considerations, I wonderfully affect your aduancement; the which I esteeme to be common betwixt vs. Fortune, but rather your owne vertue, hath ex [...]lt [...]d you to high degrees of honour, you being ye [...] but a young man. From whence, the enuie of many, which you haue outstripped by wit, and industrie, proceedeth. Now, if you'l follow my rule, who loue y [...]u equally, to anie other olde friend of yours whatsoeuer: From this time forward, seeke to purchase all honour, from a well reformed Common-wealth. You know, (for being wise, what know you not?) how there was a certaine time, when men supposed, that you too much followed [Page] the qualitie of the times. Which I should also surmize, if I thought you approued the things you tolerated. But, I, conceiuing what you thought: suppos'd you prud [...]ntly obseru'd that which you could. Now, all things are carried after another fashion. Iudgement is your owne, and free: you haue beene elected Consull in your rip [...]r yeeres, with notable eloquence, when the Common-wealth stood in greatest need of such like persons. Bend your selfe, I beseech you, to that care, and cogitation, which may bring you the highest of esteeme, and glorie. And to ascend soone to renowne, especially in these times, when our Countrey hath beene now for manie yeeres so incumbr [...]d; there is onely one way: to bee a good Citizen in publike in [...]erests. I thought good to write these things vnto you; rather instigated out of loue, then that I supposed you to haue need of my admonitions, and documents. For I knew, that you had them from the same fountaine, from whence my selfe formerly drew them. Therefore I'le end. Thus much I thought good to deliuer vnto you, rather to signifie my affection, then to manifest anie wisdome. In the meane while, with all affection and diligence, I will that waies bend mine endeauours, wherein, I suppose, I may [Page] adde anie thing to yout reputation. Farewell.

Plancus to Cicero. Epist. 4.

YOur letters were verie acceptable to me; which, as Furnius words did intimate, I conceiue, were written with your owne hand. I had written to you before now, but that I understood, you were departed from Rome: and I was adu [...]rtised of your returne, not long before the receit of yours. Mee thinkes I canno [...] omit anie office, that concernes you, how small so [...]u [...]r it bee, without gr [...]a [...] blame. Whereunto I am bound for manie reaso [...]s; for f [...]iendship paternall; for my ancient obseruance; and for the loue you beare me, equall to that which I beare you. Wh [...]refore, perswade your selfe, my Cicero, that onely you, as a Father, I must deuoutly honour: in that for your yeeres also, you, may be a father to me; I, a son to you. Whereupon it comes to pas [...]e, that all your counsels, seeme vnto me full, not onely of singular prudence, which exceedeth; but of fidelitie, which I measure by mine owne conscience. And if I were of a contrary [Page] opinion to yours, your instructions doubtles might change my mind: & if I were doub [...]full of anie thing, I would vpon your exhortations, dispose my selfe, to follow what course gaue you best satisfaction; But now, my opinion is wholly conformable to yours. What fortune hath allotted me, and what by mine owne endeuou [...] I haue obtained; though you, blinded with loue, iudge it to be more, then in effect it is; yet, it is so much in any mans iudgement, though he were my verie enemie, that besides a good name, I see not what is wanting. And therefore, hold this for certaine: that, what I am able with my power to effect, with my counsell to prouide; or with my authoritie to moue; it shall euer bee wholly applied to the benefit of the Common-wealth: your minde lies not concealed from me: and if I could bee neere you, as questionle [...]s [...] I would desire: In euerie thing I would follow your coūsell. And now, I will endeuour so to order the matter, as you shall not bee able in reason, to reprehend anie action of mine. I looke for aduertisements, from all parts, by which I may vnderstand, what is done in the hither Gallia; and what passeth in Rome, in the moneth of Ianuarie. In the meane while, I am here, in great perplexitie; for f [...]are, lest these people, among others defects, [Page] may take some euill opportunities from our countrie men. But if Fortune fauour me, according to my desert; you shall see, that I will giue good satisfaction; both to your selfe; which I exceedingly desire; and to all men of honest meaning. Haue a care of your health, and loue me, as I doe you.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consull. Ep. 5.

I Receiued two letters from you, of one tenour; which was vnto me a manifest signe of your diligence. For I perceiued, how much you desire, that your letters more then any other thing by me exp [...]cted, might be deliuer'd me. I say therefore, they were most wellcome to me: and they haue made mee doubtful, whether I should hold dearer; your loue towards me; or the aff [...]ction you did manifest towards the Commonwealth. Certainely as I iudge, affection borne towa [...]ds our coun [...]rie, is a matter of great moment; but the loue, and conuinction of two mindes, comprehends a greater delectation. That part therefore, where you commemorate the friendshippe I had with your father, and the l [...]u [...] which fr [...]m [Page] your childehood, you bare towards me; and somewhat more, which you haue written to that purpose, afforded me infinite contentment. On the other side, it was pleasing to me, to behold; how well you were disposed, both now, and euer to assist the Commonwealth. And this my contentment was the greater, because it was annexed to the masters aboue mentioned. Wherfore, I doe not onely exhort you my deare Plan [...]us; but effectuallie I entreat you; as I did in those letters, to which you so courteouslie made answer; that, with all your vnderstanding, and the whole force of your minde, you will studie to procure the good of the Commonwealth. There is nothing, that can redound to your greater benefit, and glorie. And of all worldly things, there is not any one more excellent, and honourable, then to be beneficiall to our countrie. I speake freely to you, because I thinke that you, like an affable and wise man, will accept of it as hitherto you haue done. By the helpe of Fortune, it seemes you haue obtained great honors. The which, though without vertue, you could neuer haue atchieued: yet, in all mens opinion, Fortune, and the qualitie of the times, haue had the greatest hand therein [...] But now, that the commonwealth stands so afflicted; euery helpe which you [Page] shall administer, will only be attributed to your selfe. It is an incredible thing, how odious Marcus Antonius is to all Cittizens; except to those, who together with himselfe, haue betrayed their countrie. We hope much, in you, and your armie, and promise much to our selues vnderstand, I beseech you, how to apprehend the oppor [...]unitie of such a Fortune, and so great glorie. I admonish you as a sonne: I wish the same to you, that I doe to my selfe: If I incite you to Action, my countrie, and the great loue I beare you, moues mee thereunto. Farewell.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator elected Consull. Ep. 6.

THe matters which our Furnius hath deliuered touching your affection towards the Commonwealth, were verie acceptable to the Senate, and highly pleasing to the people of Rome. But the letters openly read in the Senate, seemed not to confront with Furnius speeches: For in them you exhorted to peace; now, when Decimus Brutus your colleague, a [...]enowned person, is beleaguered by wicked Cittizens: who; armes being laid apart, either ought to [Page] seeke peace; or, if they demand it with armes in hand, this peace must be obtained with victorie, and not by way of accord. But Lepidus letters, and yours, concerning the perswasion of peace; how farre they were accepted of, you shall vnderstand from your brother, an excellent man; and from Caius Furnius. I, for the affection I beare you; although you neither want counsell, neither is the loue and prudent fidelitie, of your brother, and Furnius, euer like to faile you: neuerthelesse, infinite reasons of [...]ur Friendship leading me thereunto, am also mooued, out of the interest I haue in you, to set you downe some instruction. Beleeue therefore, my deere Plancus, that all the degrees of honour, you haue hitherto obtained, (and you haue enioyed the greatest) will be no true honours, though they carrie the title, If you ioyne not your selfe with the libertie of the people of Rome and the authoritie of the Senate. Many in the commotions of our Common-wealth, were Consuls: but he that wrought nothing worthy of his Consulship, was neuer held for Consull: Such an one therefore, it is fitting that you should be. First, that you fall off from the league of wicked c [...]tizens, much vnlike your selfe; Then, that you resolue, to be head, principall, and conductor of the Senate, and all [Page] good men: [and] lastly, that then you iudge it to be a peace; not when armes are laide downe; but when all feare of armes, and [...]eruitude is remoued. If you performe, and approue of these things, you shall then not onely bee Consull, and Consular; but also a great Con [...]sull, and a great Consular. But if otherwise; these so much reputed titles of honor, will not onely not honour you; but call vpon you great dishonor. The loue I professe vnto you, hath made me peraduenture, to write too freely; but you shall vnderstand, that I haue spoken the truth, if you make thereof but that triall, which is requisite. Farewell.

Plancus Imperator, elected Consul, to Cicero. Epist. 7.

I Would write more at large vnto you, of my counsells; and I would giue you a particular accompt of all things; that you might the better conceiue, that I, both according to your instructions, and mine owne promi [...]e, haue done what I am able for the benefit of the Common-weal [...]h: for I euer desired a [...]well your good opinion, as your loue; and my in [...]e [...]tion was [Page] not to be defended by you in erro [...]rs, but for my deserts to be commended: but I intend to be briefe for two causes: one is, because in my publike letters, I haue particularlie set downe all things: another, by reason, that to Marcus Varisidius, a Romane knight, and my friend, I haue giuen order, that he should come of purpose to finde you out, and that he should informe you of whatsoeuer had occurred. Certainely I felt extreame griefe, seeing others enioyed the possession of praise: But I would attempt no enterprise, determining to prepare my selfe thereunto after such a manner, that I might atchieue something, which might be worthie of my Consulship, and your expectation. And if Fort [...]ne deceiue me not, I hope my disseigne will fall out as I would haue it: that euery one, may both now perceiue, and hereafter remember, that I haue giuen great ayde, and assistance to the Commonwealth. I beseech you be fauourable to my dignitie; and endeauour, that those rewards may bee yeelded me, which you propounded vnto me in recompence of my commendable labours: which doing, you shall more incite me heereby, to the defence of my countrie. I know that your power herein, is equall to your desire. Be car [...]full of your health, and loue me, as I loue you.

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Lucius Plancus Imperator, elected Consull; to the Consulls; Praetors; Tribunes of the people; Senate; people; and Communaltie of Rome. Epist. 8.

IF some peraduenture thinke, that I haue held too long in suspence, the expectations of men, and the hope, which the Common-wealth had of me: I suppose it, first requisite for mee to excuse me to these men; before I promise, that from this time forward, I will discharge my du [...]ie. For, I will not appeare to haue corrected an error committed: but I would it should bee knowne, that hauing alwaies borne a reall minde; now, when I found a conuenient time, I haue discouer'd it. I vnderstood my selfe thus farre; that in so great troubles, and in such a tumultuous esta [...]e of the Cittie, it was very profitable to giue a testimonie of an affectionate Cittizen: and I saw diuers had receiued great honours; vpon the like occasion; but Fortune hauing brought me to that passe; that if I manifested my selfe for you, too soone, I should frustrate my designes, and lose the hope I had to assist [Page] the Common-wealth; and in not laying my selfe open, I might haue greater oportunities to doe you seruice; I made choice to haue a regard to common safetie, more then to mine owne estimation. And what man in the world, in the fortune I haue had; after I had liued, as euerie one knowes I did liue; being in the hopes that I am in; could euer support anie base action, or desire anie, which might be dangerous? But, time, great labour, and mightie expence, was requisite; to per [...]orme that, in effects, which I to the Common-wealth, and all good men had promised; and to repaire to the ayde of my Cou [...]trie, with such forces, as were answerable to my intention. It was behou [...]full for me, to confi [...]me the Armie, tempted oftentimes with great rewards; and to induce it, rather to hope for moderate ma [...]rs from the Common-wealth, then infinite bounties [...]rom one alone. It was conuenient, to confirme diuers Cities, the which our enemies [...] the yeere pa [...]t, by large donatiues, had oblieged to th [...]mselues: whom it was expedient to perswade; that they should not esteem gifts, which proceeded from men of that condition; and that it were mo [...]e co [...]mendable for them to receiue the same benefits, from persons, that bare a better minde towards the Common-wealth Besides [Page] thi [...], It was behouefull, by policie, to win the hearts of others, which had the gouernment of neighbour Prouinces, and of the Armies: to the end they might esteeme it bet [...]r, to defend generall libertie in the companie of many; then with a few, to obtaine a victory lamentable to the whole world. And besides the things forementioned, it was nece [...]sarie that I should fortifie my selfe by ingrossing the Armie; and, to multiplie succors: to the end; that when afterwards I openly reuealed my minde; then, though some tooke it ill, there might be no danger to make knowne, what part I would defend. Therefore, I will neuer denie, that I fained diuers things again [...]t my will; and dissembled many with my griefe; to attaine my end of such designes For, how dangerous it was, for a good Cittizen, before due time to manifest himselfe; by my Colleagues case, I had conceiued. And for this respect, to Cai [...]s Furnius, my Legate, a valiant, & resolute man, I gaue more commissiōs by word of mouth, then in writing: to the end, they might more secretly be to you cō ueied; & my self r [...]maine more secured. I also informed him of the prouisions, which to secure the common safetie, and to arme vs, is behoouefull. From whence it may be collected, that long since, the defence of the cōmon wealth [Page] had in my heart made deepe impression. Now, through the Gods benignitie, I being well furnished of all things: I desire, that men would not onely hope well of me; but settle on me a secure, and infallible iudgement. I finde my selfe to haue fiue Legions, vnder their Standards; for their fidelitie, and valour, much affected to the Common-wealth; and, through the bountie I haue vsed to them, as ready at my command as possiblie may be. I retaine the Prouince, together with all the Citties well affected; and more then carefull to discharge their duties: [And] as many horse and foot, as these nations can raise; to defend their safe [...]ie and common libertie. As for me, I am so encouraged, either to defend the Prouince, or to goe whither the Common-wealth shall summon me, or to resigne, the armie, succors, and Prouince; that I refuse not to take vpon my selfe, euen the whole brunt of the conflict: so that, by my ruine, I might but confirme my countries safetie, or abate the perill. If I make these offers (euery thing being now set [...]ed, and in a peaceable estate of the Cittie,) with the preiudice of mine owne praise: yet shall I reioyce in the benefit of the Common-weal [...]h. But if the same dangers still remaine: I referre my selfe to iust Iudges; that may defend me from the malignitie of those, that [Page] enuie me. A large satisfaction [...]or my endeuours, shall be the safetie of the Common-wealth. I thinke good to entreat you, that you would take these souldiers to your speciall recommendation; who mooued by my authoritie; but much more, trusting in your fidelitie; haue suffered themselues to be deceiued with no hope, propounded to them; nor with any danger haue beene daunted. Farewell.

Plancus Imperator, elected Consull to Cicero. Ep. 9.

I Am glad, that neyther I, wrot rashly to you; nor you promi [...]'d any thing to others erroniously, concerning me. Certainely, you haue so much the greater testimonie of my affection; by how much I desired my designes might bee knowne sooner to you, then to any other. But I hope you perceiue well, how my deserts towards the cōmonwealth, grow euery day greater: and I assure you, you shall continuallie better know it. As for me, my Cicero, (so the Common-wealth may be freed by my helpe from imminent ruine) I in such manner value you [...] honors, and rewardes; worthie questionlesse to bee parallel'd [Page] with eternitie; that I will notwithstanding, without them, abate nothing of my courage, or of my constancie. If, amongst many excellent Cittizens, the resolution of my mind appeare not singular, and the effects remarkeable: I will not, that one [...]ot be by your fauour added to my dignitie. Now, I aske nothing in mine owne behalfe, rather, I affect the contrarie. But, I am content, you should be the man, to dispose of the time, and affaires at your pleasure. The reward, which a Countrie giues to a Cittizen, ought to seeme neither late, nor little. I p [...]ssed ouer Rhodanus, with mine Armie, the xxvj. of Aprill. I sent a thousand Caualiers before, to Vienna, by the shorter way, and by great dayes iourneyes I, not being hindred by Lepi [...]us, will be answerable in expedition. But if he oppose himselfe to mee in the way, I'le take a course as the time permits me. I lead such an Armie, as giueth great hopes; both for valour, number, and fidelitie. I pray you loue me: because you may perceiue your selfe beloued of me. Farewell.

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Cicero to Plancus Imperator electe [...] Consull. Ep. 10.

THough I vnde [...]stood sufficiently by our friend F [...]r [...]ius, what your determination, and aduice was, about the Common-wealth. Neuerthelesse, hauing read your letters, I mo [...]e manifestly discerned your whole int [...]nti [...]n Wherefore, though the whole fortune of the Common-wealth depends onely vpon one battaile; which questionl [...]sse, I did thinke by that time you should come to read this letter, would be determined: Notwithstan [...]ing by the fame onely, that is dispersed of your good meaning, you h [...]ue gained great commendation. Whereupon, if the Con [...]ull had beene at Rome: the Senate to your gre [...]t honor would haue manifested, how acceptable your fo [...]ce was, and preparation: of which, the time is not onely not [...]ast, b [...]t hitherto, so far as I can iudge, no [...] come. For that onely was wont to appeare vn [...]o me, t [...]ue honour, which is con [...]rred vpon valiant me [...]; not t [...]rou [...]h hope of future benefit, but for a recompence of worthie actions. Wher [...]fore, so there bee any Common wealth, wherein honour may be re [...]ucent; be secure, you shall obtaine all honours. And in my opinion, [Page] that which is bestowed vpon men, to inuite th [...]m to noble attempts, cannot truely be termed honour: but honor is that, which is bestowed for deeds performed. Therefore, my Plancus, striue by all meanes, to get prayse eternall. Rescue your Countrie: succour your Colleague. Assist this affection, this miraculous league of all the nations: I'le helpe you in your occasions, I'le further you in your honors, and in all occurrents, I'le be most louing and faithfull to you. For, to the many reasons, which are betweene vs, of true and auncient amitie: there is annexed the ioynt affection we both, beare to our Countrie: And this is the cause, that I preferre your life, before mine owne. Farewell. The 29. of March.

Plancus to Cicero. Ep. 11.

I Giue you, and while I liue will giue you infinite thankes: for, to returne you deserts, I dare not promise: because I thinke not my selfe able to counteruaile your so many kind offices. except peraduenture (as you grauely, and prudently haue written) you are of this opinion, that to remember an obligation, be a rendring of good turnes. If there had beene an occasion, touching [Page] the honour of your owne son; doubtlesse, you could not more affectionately haue laboured therein. Your first motions; by which you sought to procure me infinite rewards: those that followed; where you applied your selfe to time, and the opinion of friends; your continuall, and perpetuall discourse of me; your contestations made with aduersaries in my defence, are verie well knowne vnto me. So that, I must take no slender care, to shew my selfe towards the Common-wealth, a cittizen worthie of your commendations; and to your selfe, both mindfull, & thankefull. For the rest; prosecute that which you haue begun: and if in eff [...]ct, and triall, I proue such an one, as you haue striuen to set me forth; defend me, and take me into protection. Hauing passed my men ouer the riuer Rhodanus, and sending my brother before, with three thousand horse; In my way towardes Mutina, I heard of the battaile fought; and how Brutus was free'd from the siege of Mutina. I considered that Antonius, and those men that remained with him, had no other receptacle but these quarters; and, that they might haue two hopes; one, of Lepidus, and another of his army [...] one part of which, carries no better mindes, then the followers of Antonius. So that I caused my Cauallerie to returne. I, stayed vpon [Page] the territorie of the All [...]broges, that I might be readie, as occasion serued. If Antonius retire hither, without Forces: my mind giues me he may easily be resisted; and, we may effect that for the Common-w [...]alth, which you d [...]sire; though he should be receiued by Lepidus armie But, i [...] he bring men with him: and, if the old tenth Legion, the which by my meanes, with the others, betooke thems [...]lues to our defence, shall againe rebell [...] yet I will haue an eye, that no great damage shall accrew: and th [...] I hope to doe, till ayde may come from th [...]nce, and so being all ioyned togeth [...]r, we may more e [...]sily extirpate t [...] seed of wicked Cittizens In conclusiō I promise you thus much [...] my Cicero: that n [...]ther courage, nor diligence, sh [...]ll be wanting on my part. To speake truth, I desire, to t [...]ke away all trouble remaining: but if any bee left; I will giue place to no man; neyther in resolution, affection, o [...] patience in your seruice I end [...]uour also what I can, to draw Lep [...]us to ioyne [...] this enterprise: and I offer my selfe in all [...] to be at his comm [...]d; so he will st [...]nd for the Common wealth I vse h [...]e [...]n the helpe and meanes of my brother, o [...] La [...]ensis, and ou [...] friend Furnius Particular h [...]treds shall be no hindrance to me, but that with nay greatest en [...]mie I will agree, for th [...] [Page] safetie of the Common-wealth. And in case I should doe no good; I will not abate my courage; and I will be more readie, and hardy then before: and peraduenture, it may redound to my greater glorie, that I haue de [...]ended the Common-wealth with mine owne forces onely. Looke to your health, and to loue me, as I doe you Farewell.

Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consull. Ep. 12.

THough I ought to reioyce in the behalfe of the Common-wealth, that in times of such necessitie, you haue so greatly assisted her: Neuerthelesse, may Fo [...]une so grant, that I may embrace you a Conquerour, in the happie state of the Common-wealth; as a great part of my ioy, proceedeth from your digni [...]y: which I know now, to be very eminent, and will also be so hereafter. For I assure you, that more acceptable letters then yours, were neuer recited in the Senate. And this happened, both through a singular greatnesse, of the good, that you haue done in the Common-wealth; and also, through the grauitie of the words, and sentences. Which questionlesse, seem'd [Page] no new thing vnto me, who was well informed of your valour; and called to minde, what you promis'd me, in the letters you sent me; and had fully also by our Furnius beene aduertised of your designes. But the Senate, apprehended greater matters, then were expected: not that it euer doubted of your disposition, but it had not full information, neither what you were able to doe, nor what you intended to attempt. Wherefore Marcus Varisidius, hauing deliuered me your letters, on the vij. of Aprill in the morning; I tooke, in reading them, infinite contentment: and a great multitude of excellent Cittizens accompanying me out of my house, I presently made them all partakers of my contentation. Afterwards came our Munatius, out of his wonted custome, to see mee, and I shewed him your letters; for as yet he knew nothing, because Varisidius came first to me: and he said, that so you appointed him. A little after, Munatius gaue me those letters to read, which you sent both to him, and to the publicke state. We thought good presently, to goe and present the letters to Cornutus, Praetor of the Cittie: who, because the Consuls were out of Rome, according to the auncient custome, supplyed their place. The Senate was forth with co [...]uented: and almost all the Sena [...]ors [...]ss [...]mbled, th [...]ough the fame and expect [...]tion [Page] of your letters. Which being recited, Cornu [...]us had a scruple of conscience, by reason the Pullarian southsayers tooke notice, that he had not vsed requisite diligence, in making the diuinations. And this was approued by our Colledge. Whereupon the businesse was de [...]erred till the day following. On which day, I contended much in defence of your honour with Seruilius [...] who hauing by fauour obtained, that his opinion should first bee heard: the greater part of the Senate opposed him and my opinion, which was the second, to be moued, being allowed of by the greater part of the Senate: at Seruilius entreatie, Publius Titius spake against it. The matter was referred ouer to the next day. Seruilius came prouided with an vniust minde, euen against Ioue himselfe: in whose T [...]mple the mater was heard. Now, how roughly I handled him, and how roundly I cut of Titius, that oppos'd himselfe against vs, I wish you may vnderstand by other mens letters [...] take this onely from mine: That the Senate could not bee more graue, more constant, nor more fauourable to your praise, then at that instant it shewed it selfe. And yet, the Senate was not more friendly to you, then the whole Cittie. For there was a wonderful accord to deliuer the Common wealth: and all the peo [...]l [...] of Rome [Page] concurre to this enterprise: prosequute therefore, as you doe, and make your name [...]ternall: and all these semblances of glorie, rai [...]'d from vaine appearances of renowne; contemne them as s [...]ort, flitting, and transitorie things. True honour consists in vertue: which illustrates it selfe more then any way els, by effecting great seruices for the Common-wealth: whereof Fortune sets bef [...]e you, a most admirable oppo [...]unitie. Which hauing once embraced [...] suffer it not to flie from you: but procu [...]e that the Common-wealth may be no lesse bound to you, then you to her. As for me, you shall perceiue, that I will not onely be fauourable to you in honour, but I will also seeke, how to augment it in you: not to faile in the office I owe, as well to the Common-wealth, which I loue aboue my selfe; as also to our vnfained amity. And in those courses which I haue vnde [...]taken for the aduancement of your honour, I take g [...]eat delight; for, the fidelitie, and wisedome of Ti [...]us Mana [...]us, othe [...]wise hath beene well knowne vnto me, mo [...] euidently perceiu [...]d, in the loue and diligence he hath vsed in your occasions. Farew [...]ll.

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Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consull. Ep. 13.

VVHensoeuer occasion was offered me, to aduance your honour, I omitted nothing in your commendation; labouring, that your valour might be as well exalted with words, as acknowledged with rewards: as by the Senates decree it selfe, you may perceiue. For so was it recorded in writing, euen as I reading the written paper of mine owne hand [...] had perswaded: and the greater part of the Senate, followed my o [...]inion, with singular desire, and generall cons [...]nt. Though I, by the letters you sent me, vnderstood, that you were more delighted with the approofe of good men, then with outward appearance of glory; neuertheles, I thought fit we should enter into consideration, though you demanded nothing, how farre the Common-wealth was indebted to you. Finish you tha [...], which was begunne by others. And whosoeuer suppresseth Marcus Antonius, that man shall finish the warre. And therefore Homer called neither Aiax, nor Achilles, the bane of Troy; but Vlysses. Farewell.

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Cicero to Plancus Imperator, elected Consull. Ep. 14.

O Acceptable newes, two dayes before the victorie: of your succour, endeuour, expedition, and armie. Vnderstand, that though your en [...]mies be discomfited: yet all hopes remaine in you: it being informed, that from the battaile of Mutina, the principall Captaines of the aduerse par [...]y are fled And it will be no lesse acceptable to make an end of the remainder of this wicked warre, then to haue repelled it at the beginning. I, questionlesse, together with many others, expected ere this your letters: and I was in hope, that Lep [...]lus also, admonished by the sequell, [...]ould haue vnited himsel [...]e with you, and the Common-wealth. Prosequute it therefore, my Plancus, to this issue; that not a sparke of that abhominable warre, may remaine vnquenched [...] which if you procure, the Common-wealth shall acknowledge from you an infinite benefit, and your selfe shall purchase eternall glorie. Farewell.

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Plancus Imperator to Cicero. Epist. 15.

HAuing written these letters, I thought it imported the common-wealth, that you should vnderstand what followed. My carefulnesse, as I hope, hath produced good effects, both to my selfe, and to the commonwealth. For by daily meanes, I wrought with Lepidus, that al priuate contestation laid apart, and being reconciled with me; with ioynt affection we might succour the commonwealth; and that he should make more account of himselfe, of his children, and of his countrie; then of a wretched, and base robber: and that in so doing, he should dispose of me in all things at his pleasure. I haue therefore obtained my purpose by the meanes of Laterensis. He hath giuen me his fidelitie, that he will persecute Marcus Antonius with armes, if he cannot keepe him farre from his Prouince. Entreating me withall, that I would approch, and ioyne my forces with his. And so much the rather, because it was reported, that Antonius was strong in Cauallerie, and Lepidus hath but a small troope of horse: and of those few he had; not many dayes before, ten of the best came away from him, into my [Page] Campe. Which when I heard, I made no delay, supposing it requisite, that I should ayd Lepidus, while he had so good an intention. I saw, what benefit my arriuall would procure, either because with my Cauallerie, I might pursue, and defeate Antonius horse; or because that part of Lepidus armie, which had beene seduced, and alienated from the Common-wealth, by the presence of my Armie, might be bridled, and kept vnder. Whereupon, making a bridge, in one day, ouer Isara, a great r [...]uer, that runnes vpon the confines of the Allobroges, I passed ouer with my Armie, the xii of May. But it being told me th [...]t Lucius Antonius, sent b [...]fore with horse and foot, was come into Forum I [...]lij, the xiiij. of May I sent my brother, with foure thousand horse, to affront him. And I by speedie dayes iourn [...]ies, with foure expedite Legions, and with the r [...]st of the horse, will follow after. If the fortune of the common wealth afford vs neuer so little fauour, we shall here make an end of the insolencie of these rascalles, and our owne trouble. If that theese, vpon our comming begin againe to retire himselfe into Italie; It will be Brutus part to confront him: to whom I know, neyther courage nor counsell will be wanting. Notwithstanding my selfe, if this happen, will send my brother with the [Page] horse, to pursue him, and to defend Italie from forraging. Haue a care of your health, and as I loue you, loue me. Farewell.

Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 16.

DEare Plancus I haue seen nothing [...]uer happen more glorious, nothing more acceptable, nor in respect of the time it selfe also, more opportune then your letters. For in a full Senate, they were presented to Cornutus, at the same instant, when hee had read the most inconstant, and cold [letters] of Lepidus. After which, yours were presently recited, whereupon great shouts arose. For, besides their being most acceptable for the matters they contained, and [...]or your benefits, and affection towards the Cōmon-wealth, they were replenished with most graue words, and sentences. The Senate importuned Cornutus, that he would presently propound about your letters. He sayd he would consider thereof; whereupon recei [...]ing a great che [...]ke from the whole Senate, fiue T [...]ibun [...]s of the people, cons [...]ited of them. S [...]r [...]ius at the instance of some others, p [...]o [...]longed [Page] the matter. I deliuered such an opinion, that all agreed thereunto. Of what tenour it was, by the Senates decree you shall vnderstand. you, though you need no counsell, but are rather fit to counsell another: must neuerthelesse beare this minde; not to referre any thing hither: and vpon these so suddaine, and vrging accidents, not to thinke to demand Councell of the Senate. Be you a Senate to your selfe: Whither soeuer the benefit of the Commonwealth calls you, goe that way: and procure that we may heare of some notable action, before we can suppose, you went about it. I assure you, that whatsoeuer you atchieue, the Senate wil approue it, not only as loyallie, but wisely vndertaken. Farewell.

Plancus Imperator to Cicero. Epist. 17.

ANtonius the xv. of May, came with his vaunt-guard into Forum Iulij. Ventidius lies two daies iourney from him. Lepidus is expected at Forum Voconij. Which place from Forum Iulij, is foure and twentie miles distant. There he meanes to attend me, as he hath written to me. Whereupon, if no alteration [Page] grow, either from him, or Fortune; vpon my credit, I promise you, presently to accomplish this enterprise, according to your desire. I wrote last vnto you, how my brother, ouercome with continuall trauaile, and posting vp and downe, was grieuously sick: neuertheles so soone as he was able to march; esteeming that he was recouered, not so much for himselfe, as for the Common-wealth, he refused not to be the formost in all dangers. But I haue not only exhorted, but enforced him, to repaire thither: first, because being yet weake, he might rather preiudice himselfe, then further me: and then; because I thought that the Commonwealth remayning naked by the lamentable death of the Consuls, might haue need of such a Cittizen to be Praetor in the affaires of the city [...] wherein, if any of you commend me not: know, that ther wanted prudence in me to aduise him, and not any fidelity in him towards his country. Lepidus hath in conclusion performed that, which I desired, In s [...]nding me Ap [...]ll [...] for hostage of his fidelity: and of the league concluded betweene vs in defence of the Common-wealth. Lucius Gellius, one of the three Segauian brethren, hath made me vnderstand his good disposition therein: and last of all I haue vsed him as a meanes with Lepidus. Of whom I willingly [Page] giue testimony, and will euer render it to them that deserue well. Be carefull of your health, and loue me in the same manner, that I loue you: and take my honour to your protection, as hitherto most louingly you haue done.

Plancus to Cicero Epist. 18.

WHat I was resolued of, when [...]uius, and Nerua departed f [...]om me; by the letters I gaue them, as also by themselues, you may app [...]ehend [...] who were p [...]esent, at all my Actions, and at all my Counsels. That, hath befallen mee, which to a man iealous of his honour, and desirous to satisfie the commonwealth, and all good men, is wont to happen: That, to discouer my good inten [...]ion, I followed a course which was rather dangerous, then secure; which by malignant minds might be con [...]rou [...]ed. Whereupon a [...]ter the departure, of the Amba [...]adours, seeing that Lepidus with two letters, one after another, entreated me to come: and Laterensis, much more feruently as it were with teares, coniured me to the same: for no other cause, but in that he feared the instability, and in [...]de [...]ity of [Page] his armie; of the which I al [...]o stand in feare: I thought it fit to succor him; and to expose my s [...]l [...]e to danger, for his [...]afety [...] though I knew, it had beene a farre more secure course to haue bin attending vpon Isara, while Brutus had passed ouer his Armie; and ioyned with him, as the custome of the wars is, to haue marcht against the enemie. But if Lepidus being well affected, had receiued the least preiudice, I saw all this would haue beene ascribed, ei [...]her to my obstinacie, or feare: to my obstinacie; because it would haue beene sayd, that I had abandoned a good cittizen, for some particular enmiti [...]s: for feare; because in so necess [...]rie a warre, I had auoided battaile. So that, I le [...]t that secure course; supposing it better to expose my selfe to daunger, that with my presence, I might defend Lepidus, and ouer-awe his armie; Questionlesse I thinke, there neuer was any man, more sorrowfull, for de [...]cts that were not his own [...]. For whereas, the ma [...]ter was no waies doubtfull: now, when the Armie of Lepidus failes, it d [...]ues me to gr [...]at care, and seemes vnto me, as it is; a point of great impo [...]tance. For if I had beene the first to encounter with Antonius: he s [...]ould no [...] doubtlesse haue held out an hour [...] so confident I am in my selfe, and so much I contemne his shack-ragge people, and [Page] those of Ventidius the Mule-driuer. But I cannot but greatly feare, being suspitious, least vnder the skinne there bee some hidden wound, the which may first festor, before it can be discouered, or cured. But certainly, if we encamped not both in one place, both Lepidus himselfe would be in great danger, and that part of the armie, which is well enclined towards the Commonwealth. Our wicked enemies had also made great profit, if they had gleaned any men from Lepidus. Which disorders, i [...] by my arriuall I do remedie, I shall thanke Fortune, and mine owne constancie, which incited me to make this triall. Wherefore the xxi of May, I remoued the Campe, from the Riuer of Isar [...], leauing the bridge yet [...]tanding there, which I made vpon it, with two Towers, at each end one; and with a strong guard: to the end, that to Bru [...]us, who was comming; and to his armie, without any delay, the pa [...]age might be readie. I hope within eight daies after the date of these presents, I shall vnite my selfe with Lepidus forces. Farewell.

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Cicero to Plancus Imperator. Epist. 19.

THough my desire was not, that you should thanke me; knowing, how exceeding thankefull, b [...]h in thought, and deedes th [...]mselues, you are: yet, (I must confesse,) it contented me aboue measure. For I haue seene, as men with the eye behold obiects; that you loue me. You [...]le say, what did you before? To deale truelie, I alwayes saw it; but neuer more apparant. Your letters are wond [...]ous well-come to the Senate; aswell for the affaires themselues, which were waightie, and great; compassed by an inuincible spirit, and with deepe consideration: as also, for the grauitie of the words, and sentences. But, noble Plancus, striue to the vtmost of your power, to bring this warre to a period. Thu [...] shall you arriue vnto the depth of fauour, and the height of glory. I wish all good vnto the Commonwealth: but I giue you my faith, that finding my selfe now wearied out in conse [...]uing her, I doe not much more seeke her profit, then your glorie. Of which the eternall gods hauing, as I hope, offered you all opportunitie; embrace it I beseech you [...] For, it is he shall make an end of this most impious, and [Page] dangerous warre; that subdues, Au [...]onius. Farewell.

Cicero to Plancus. Ep. 20.

ALL newes were so vncertaine, that came from thence, as I knew not what to write vnto you. For sometimes we heard such things of Lepidus as we wi [...]hed, other whiles the contrary. Of you notwithstanding, there was a constant report, [...]hat none can either deceiue, or vanqu [...]sh you. In the one of which things Fortune ha [...]h a hand; the other is proper to your owne wisedome. But I recei [...]ed letters from your Colleague, dated the xxv. of May: wherein was contained, how you had written to him, that Lepidus gaue no entertainment to Antonius. The which will be more certaine if you write the same vnto vs. But you dare not peraduenture do it, by reason of the vaine ioy of the le [...]ters past. But, as you might well erre, my Plancus, (for who is hee that erres not?) so 'tis well knowne to euery one, that it was impossible you should be out-reached [...] And now, you cannot onely, not be deceiued, but you can no more erre; because the verie vulgar reprehends that man, who [Page] stumbles twice vpon one and the same stone. But if the matter so stands, as you write to your Colleague; We are rid of all care: but to assure our selues therof, we expect your letters. This, in briefe, as many times I haue written vnto you, is my opinion: whosoeu [...]r cuts off the reliques, he will carry away the glorie, to haue ended the whole warre. Which honor, I wish, may bee yours, and I am confident, it will be so. Touching the diligence I haue vsed in your affaires; which vndoubtedly could not be greater; I am exceeding well pleased that you take it in so good part: and I wonder not, for I conceiued as much. But if matters passe well there, you shall obserue my diligence to be greater; and in farre greater effects. Farewell. The xxix. of May.

Plancus to Cicero. Epist. 21.

I Should bee ashamed of the inconstancie of my letters, if it had not growne from anothers leuitie. I haue assayed all meanes, to vnite my selfe with Lepidus, in defence of the Common-wealth: to the end, that with your lesse mol [...]station, wee might bee [Page] able to resist wicked Citizens. All things he demanded, I haue promised, and proferred him of mine owne good will. And I wrote vnto you two dayes since, how I trusted, that Lepidus would helpe me; and follow the warre with common consent. I gaue credit to the letters of his hand, vpon Laterensis affirmation, being present: who then was with mee, and entreated mee to bee reconciled to Lepidus, and to giue him credit I could not long conceiue this good hope of him. I looked narrowly to the matter; and will bee carefull, that through my credulitie, the State of the Common-wealth suffer no detriment. Hauing passed the riuer Isara with my armie, a bridge being in one day made ouer the same, and vsing expedition therein, according to the importance of the businesse; hee hauing requested mee by letters, that I should hasten my comming; his messenger came to me, with other letters; wherin he aduised me, that I should not come: for, hee could performe the seruice of himselfe: [and] in the meane while, I should stay for him, at Isara. I will lay open vnto you the rash course I had meant to haue vndertaken. I, notwithstanding was resolued to goe; imagining, that he was not desirous to haue anie companion in the glorie [of the seruice. Yet] conceiuing that he [Page] was beyond measure, ambitious of this honour: I would not attempt any thing therein, but onely lye in places neere hand; to the end, that if need required, I might be able without delay to succour him. This I simply cast in my head: but behold, Lat [...]rensis, a sincere man, wrote vnto me with his owne hand, and to my friends in like manner; shewing, that he had no more hope of himselfe, nor of the Armie, or of Lepidus fidelitie; and lamenting, that hee was betrayed. wherein hee plainely admonish [...]t mee, that I should take heed of being deceiued: that hee was no more bound to that, he promised: that I should not bee wanting to the Common-wealth. I haue giuen the copie of his letters to Titius, the Originals themselues, and those to which I giue credit, and those to which I supposed no credit was to bee giuen, I will deliuer to Laeu [...] Cispius, to bee conueyed: who was present at all these things: To helpe the matter; Lepidus speaking in publique; his souldiers wicked, and disloyall of themselues; and being also corrupted by the R [...]freni, and Canidij, their Commanders; and by others, whom, when time serues, you shall know; c [...]ied out, (See the charity of y• men) that they would haue peace; and, that they would not sight with anie, hauing seene the death of two famous [Page] Consuls, and of so many Citizens for their Countrey; and the Common-wealth hauing banished, as rebellious, all Antonius followers, and confiscated their goods: and Lepidus neuer punished them, for this their disloy [...]ltie, nor did hee in anie sort remedie the same. And, had I come thither, and vnto two Armies lying together, exposed a loyall, and faithfull Armie; great succors; the Princes of Gallia; and the whole Prouince: I saw, what a wonderfull folly and temeritie it would haue been: and, that when I had beene defeated, and had with my selfe ruined the Common [...]wealth, th [...]re was none that in my de [...]th, wold haue afforded mee anie honour; nor haue had so much as compassion of me; whereupon I am to returne backe: nor will I endure, that vagabonds shall haue so great a fortune. I will seeke to plant mine Armie in places of aduantage, to defend the Prouince; though Le [...]idus Armie doe rebell against vs; [and] to preserue euerie thing in it present state and condition, till you, from thence, send succours; and may wi [...]h equall felicitie here also defend the Common-wealth. Neither to fight, if occasion se [...]ue; nor to endure a siege, if it bee necessarie: nor to dye, if the case so fall out, in your seruice; shall anie be more readie then my selfe. I exhort you therefore, my [Page] Cicero, to procure, that fr [...]sh men bee sent out of hand, before the enemie grow stronger, and wee more danted. Wherein, if expedition bee vsed, the Common-wealth shall remaine in possession of victorie, and the wicked bee ex [...]irpated. Bee carefull of your health, and wish me well. I thinke I shall not neede to excuse my selfe to you; though my bro [...]h [...]r, a valiant Cit [...]zen, and ready for all seruices, be not come thither. By running vp and downe, he hath gotten a continuall seuer, [...]nd very troublesome. As soone as hee can, I will procure him to c [...]rne without delay: th [...]t he may in no place faile the Common-wealth [o [...] his s [...]ruice]. I pray you, bee tender ouer my reputation. It is not requisite that I s [...]ould desi [...]e any thing at your hands, knowing that [...]ou doe and may, as I d [...]sire, i [...]fini [...]ly loue me. Your kindnesse toward me, how great you will it shall be, and in wh [...]t time demonstrated, I l [...]ue to your consideration. Now may de [...]e is, that you wou [...]d procu [...]e me Hirtius place, for the l [...]ue that you beare me, and for the obseruance that I owe you. Farewell.

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Cicero to Plancus. Epist. 22.

ALL our hope is in you, and your Colleague: and wee attend good effects from diuine fauour. Your agreement, which the Senate vnderstands by your letters, hath giuen wonderfull contentmēt, both to the Senate, and also to the whole Citie. What you writ vnto me about the diuision of the Campes; if the Senators had been solicited for their opinions, I should haue ioyned with him, that had yeelded the honourablest opinion of you: which sentence, I my selfe would haue pronounced: but, seeing that the time would draw vs on too long, by reason of the opinions deliuered in sundry matters, of which, none concluded anie thing; it seemed verie conuenient to mee, and to your brother Plan [...]us, to make vse of that decree; about which, who, was an impediment, that it was not made according to our minde, I suppose, by the letters of your said brother, you haue vnderstood. But, if you desire any thing, either in the Senates decree, or in any other respect: bee perswaded of this, that the affection, all good men beare you is so great, that you can imagine no kinde of ho [...]our, [Page] how great so euer, which you may not easily obtaine. I expect, with great desire, your letters; and expect them, such as I exceedingly desire, they should be. Farewell.

Plancus to Cicero. Epist. 23.

I Will neuer repent, my Cicero, to haue vndergone great perils, for my countrie; so that, when any misfortune befals me, I may not be taxed with temeritie. I would confesse I had erred through in discretion, if I had euer of mine own head giuen credit to Lepidus: for credulitie is rather an error, then an offence: and indeede it easilie fals into the minde of all honest men. But this was not the defect that had almost deceiued me. For I knew Lepidus too well. What was it then? the regard of my honor, which in the warres, is of great importance, vrged me to expose my selfe to this danger. For if I should not haue vnited my selfe with Lepidus, I feared, least some maligne fellow might haue suggested, that I made more account of that priuate enmitie which was betwixt vs, then of the interest of the Commonwealth; and also [Page] that I nourished the warre, by my protraction. Whereupon, I lead my men, almost in sight of Antonius, and L [...]pidus, encamping my selfe some fortie miles from them; with dissigne, that I might presently make an app [...]oach, or retire my selfe, without losse. I had these respects, in making choyce of the place. Fi [...]st, to haue the riuer before me, where [...]s the [...] should stay to passe ou [...]r. Then, that the Vocont [...] should b [...] nee [...]e me, that so I might securely m [...]r [...]h with my men, through their count [...]ie. L [...]pidus, being o [...]t of hope of my comming; the which he watched carefully, to suprise me; ioyned with A [...]t [...]nius, the xxix. of May: and the verie same day, they moued their Campe towards me. When they w [...]re wi [...]hin twentie miles of me; I h [...]ard thereof. I laboured by the gods helpe, with cel [...]ritie, so to ret [...]e my selfe; wi [...]hout making shew of flight; that not a Soldier, foot, or horse, nor any of the carriages might be lost, or intercepted by those [...]auenou [...] the [...]ues. Whereupon the iiij. of Iune, I passed ouer Isara, with all my m [...]n, and I cut downe the bridges, I had made thereon: to the end that my people might haue time to be reincouraged [...] and that in the meane while I might ioyne with Brutus, whom I expected three daies after the date of this present, [Page] I must euer confesse, that our Laeterensis, was of a singular fidelitie, and courage towards the Common-wealth; but certainely, his too great trust in Lepidus, per [...]i [...]ted him not to foresee th [...] d [...]nger, wh [...]ch might ensue; who seeing himselfe d [...]ceiued, and be [...]trayed by [...]epidus, would haue sl [...]ine himselfe [...]i [...]h his owne hand: seeking to do [...] that to his owne bodie, which he should haue performed vpon L [...]pidus: In which case he b [...]ing hindred, he yet liueth, and as it is said, he will escape it. But neuerthelesse, of this, I haue lit [...]le certaintie. I, to the trayto [...]s great griefe, haue escaped their hands. For they came [...]nraged against mee, with the same fu [...]ie, that they came against their countrie. Whe [...]eunto they had fresh prouocations: because I had continually solicited Lepidus to end the warre: because they reprou'd the meetings hel [...] [to this end] because I denyed the Ambas [...]dors, to come into my presence, which were sent vnder Lepidus safe conduct; because I intercept [...]d Caius Caninius Vestinus. Tribune of the souldiers, sent vnto him from Marcus Antonius, with letters. Whe [...]ei [...], I take this contentment; t [...]at certain [...]ly, the more they sought to entr [...]p me, the more grie [...]e 'twas to them, that they had no successe therein. Looke you, my Cicero, to doe that which hitherto [Page] you haue done, [that is] carefully, and stoutly to fauour vs, that follow the warres. Let C [...]sar come, with all his mightie forces; or if any thing hinder him, let his armie be sent: considering that he also is in great danger. Whatsoeuer force this accursed societie could make against their countrie, is by this time at the highest. And for the Citties securitie, why should we not vse all our forces? I certainely, for what concernes my selfe, if you that are there fa [...]le not, will euery way giue sufficient satisfaction to the Common-wealth. Questionlesse, deare Cicero, my loue to you daily increaseth, and the benefits you daily conferre vpon me, augment my care, that I may not loose a iot, either of your loue, or opinion. I desire, that in presence, with my obseruance, and endeauour, I may now at length shew you, that I am mindefull of your deseruings: to the end that you may remaine satisfied for that, which you haue performed in the behalfe of my honour. Farewell: the vi. of Iune, from Ciuaro, on the confines of the Allobr [...] ges.

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Plancus Imperator, elected Consull, to Cicero. Epist. 24.

I Cannot but giue you thankes, for all your fauours, and deserts: but in truth I am ashamed to doe it. For neither to so great a friendship, as you haue pleased to hold with me, seemes it that ceremoniall offices are befitting; neither doe I, for so great benefits receiued from you, seeke willingly to giue you words for recompence. I had rather personally, by obseruing you, by pleasing you, and by being continually about you, giue you to vnderstand; that I thinke vpon my obligation. But while life lasts me, I will exceed all acceptable amities, and religious affiniti [...]s, in obseruing, pleasing, and courting you. For the loue you beare me, and the opinion you retaine of mee, whether it will procure me more perpetuall honor, or more daily content, I cannot easilie determine. Concerning the benefit of the soldiers. I see you haue had a c [...]re: whom I; not by reason of my greatnesse, (for I am priuie to mine owne minde, that I affect nothing, which is not profitable) haue sought they may be rewarded by the Senate: but, first of all, because I iudged, that they had so deserued; and [Page] then, in that my intention was, that vpon euery occasion, they might haue beene more engaged to the Common-wealth: and finally, that alienating their minds, from whomsoeuer would attempt to corrupt them [...] I might still vphold them in that good affection towards you, wherein hi [...]herto th [...]y haue continued. We haue as yet kept things in the state they were. Which course of ours; though I conceiue, how desirous men a [...]e of such a victorie, (and not without reason;) yet I hope, by you 'twill be approu'd. For, if any discomfiture should light in these Armies, the Common-weal [...]h ha [...]h no great succours on [...]oot, by which, the sudden viol [...]nce, and imp [...]ous wills of traytors mig [...]t be resisted: and I thinke [...]y forces are well knowne vnto [...]ou. In my Campe there are three old legions, and one of fresh men, fl [...]u [...]is [...]ing aboue all the r [...]st: and in Bru [...]us Campe one old Legion; another of [...]ouldiers of two yeares standing; and eight, of new [...]upplies. And so the a [...]mie is mighti [...] in number, and little in power. And i [...] battailes, what confidence may be put in fresh souldiers; [...]x [...]ri [...]nce hath t [...]o much taught vs. Wi [...]h [...] fo [...]ces of our A [...]mies, if the A [...]rican host, which is of old souldiers; or that of Octa [...]ian [...]s were conioyned, [...] would willingly come to a battaile, and expose [Page] the Common wealth [...]o hazard. It is true, that for what belongs to Octauian, wee did see the effect something neare. I haue not failed to perswade him by letters: and he hath alwayes affirmed, that he would come without any delay: and now I perceiue, that, changing this resolution, he enter [...] into other desseignes N [...]uerthelesse, I haue sent vnto him our friend F [...]rnius, with commission and letters, to see whether he can worke [any thing [...]ith him.] You know, good Cicer [...], [...]uching the louing of Octaui [...]nu [...], that I accompanie you: either because being familiar with Caesar, when he liued, it was then fit for me to embrace and loue him: or else because he, so farre as I could discerne, was of a m [...]st discre [...]t, and affable condition: or [...]lse, in that I hauing entertained so inward amitie with C [...]sar; me thinkes it were a bru [...]ish thing, not to retaine Octau [...]anus in the same degree: who by his, and your iudgement, was adopted in place of a sonne. But what I write vnto you, I swe [...]re, I rather write it out of griefe, then any rancour. That Antonius at this day liues; that Lepid [...]s io [...]nes with him; that they haue armies of no small account; that they hope; that they dare attempt; they may acknowledge it wholly from Octauianu [...]. Neither wil I rip vp things past; but at the same instāt [Page] when hee offered to come, if hee had come; the warre had either now beene finished, or out of Italie; and to their great preiudice reduced into Spaine, which is their greatest enemie. Now, what reason mou'd Octauianus: or who aduised him, that from so great a glorie, and so necessarie for himselfe, and his securitie, he fell off, and turn'd his minde, to demand so foolishly [or with such an insulting importunitie] the two moneths Consulship, to the great amazement of men; I cannot imagine. And as for the present necessitie, I am of opinion, his friends may moue him greatly, no lesse to his owne, then the ben [...]fit of the common-wealth. Your selfe may also doe much, as I thinke: from whom he hath [receiued] as great benefits, as any man liuing, except my selfe. For I will neuer forget, how I stand bound vnto you, for infinite respects, and of greatest moment. I haue enioyned Furnius to treate with him of these things. And if he will beleeue, and follow my counsell, as hee ought: he shall thereby reape a great aduantage. In the meane while wee sustaine the warre, vpon hard conditions. For neither doe we iudge, that we may very securely come to battaile; nor yet, by auoyding it, would we giue occasion, that the Common-wealth might receiue greater preiudice. But if Octauianus [Page] haue any regard of his honour; or that the African Legions come out of hand; Wee will worke so, that you shall bee secure in these parts. I pray you loue me, as you haue begunne; and perswade your selfe, that I am yours as much, as your owne neerest proprieties. This xxviij of Iulie, from the Campe.

Cicero to Caius Furnius. Epist. 25.

IF it import, as men suppose, that you, as you haue begun, and hitherto haue done, should [...]ndeuour your selfe [...]or the benefit of the Common-wealth; and be conuersant in waightie employments, which belong to the extinguishing of the reliques of the warre: it seemes you cannot vndertake any thing better, more commen [...]able, or more honest. And I [...]m of [...]pinion, that this your endeuour, diligence, and affection towards the Common-wealth, is to be preferred before the Praetorship: the which, not being [...]et time, you sue for. For I would h [...]u [...] you vnderstand how great praise you haue purchased, the which certainely is in a manner equall [Page] to that of Plancus; and by Plancus own testimonie; and besides, by fame; and the knowledge of euerie man. Wherefore I aduise you, not to depart from thence, till euerie sparke of the war remaining, be ex [...]ingu [...]sh't: for, nothing can procu [...]e you greater honour. And you know, honor shold aboue all things be preferred. And when you think you haue giuen full satisfaction to the Common-wealth; then, I would counsell you, to come out of hand, and demand the Praetorship; in that Praetors are shortly to bee created. But take heede, that this ambitious haste, diminish nothing of that glorie wee haue attained. Manie men of renowned fame, being abroad in the seruice of the Common-wealth, forbare to come to Rome, that yeere, that was allotted them, to stand for Magistracie. Which you should so much the rather do, because this is, not your proper yeere: but if you had been Aedile two yeeres since, then this had beene your yeere. Now, though you should forbeare to demand the Praetorship, it will not seeme that you haue omitted a moment, of the vsuall and ordinarie time of demanding it. And when Plancus shall bee Cousull, though without his helpe, you might easily obtaine it; neuerthelesse, I see, that then your demand will bee, with far greater reputation; so that, matterrs [Page] there succeed, as they are wished. I know 'twas not necessarie, for mee, to speake much to this purpose; knowing you to be wise, and of profound iudgement: but I was desirous y [...]u should vnderstand my opinion; of which this is the sum: that I would wish you to be carried, rather by true honou [...], then ambition: and to esteeme greater benefit to consist in the perpetuitie of your [...]r [...]is [...]; then in the hastning of a Praetorship. These verie poynts haue I di [...]cus [...]ed at home, in the presence of my brother Quintus, and of C [...]cina, and Ca [...]isiu [...], your dear [...]st friends; Dardanu [...] your free-man, being there, at the same instant. All of them thought, that I was herein of a sound opinion, yet I refer my sel [...]e to your mature iudgement. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Furnius. Epist. 26.

HAuing read your letters, wherein you intimated, that it was requisite, either to let the N [...]rbon [...]ns [...]s depart, or with danger to ioyne battaile: I was much perpl [...]xed [...] through doubt of the fight: and now, I am glad to vnderstand, that you h [...]ue shunned it. As [Page] touching that you write vnto mee, about the concord of Plancus and Brutus: I herein repose great hope of victorie. Of the affection of the Galli, wee shall one day vnderstand, as you write, who was the principall occasion. But, I assure you, wee know it alreadie. Whereupon, reading your most pleasant letters, I was, towards the end, a little moued, in that you wrote; that if the creation of Praetors were put ouer to the moneth of August, you would come out of hand: and sooner, if they were created alreadie; not to appeare more foolish with your owne perill. Oh, my Furnius, how ill, you mannage your owne occasions. Considering, that you so easily learne to prosecute another mans. You suppose now, that you are to bee one of the elected, to stand for the Praetorship: and you resolue, either to come in all poste, to be at the Creation, or else it being past, to come, to remaine at your owne house. And this you write, you'l do; affirming, that to proceed anie further in the dangers of the warres, were but a meere folly, for it would cost you too deere. I thinke you speake not in good earnest, knowing you, to bee desirous of true praise. But if your minde bee answerable to your words, I reprehend not so much you, as my selfe, which before this time, could no better looke [Page] into you. To obtaine then a Magistracie before the time, which is ordinarily bestowed on euerie man; and is of no great repu [...]ation, being attained vnto, as the most part doe; would you lose so manie attributes of houor, by which euerie one d [...]seruedly, extols you to the skies? It precisely importeth you, rather to be made Praetor at this creation, then at that which is to come. The maine point is, that you so steed the Common-wealth, that afterwards, all honour and Magistracie may bee due vnto you. Doe you not see now, to what an high degree you are mounted? or care you not [...]or it? If you perceiue it not, I hold you excused: the blame is mine. But if you discerne it; how is it possible, that you can prefer this Praetorship, either before a dutie, which euerie man stands bound to pay vnto his Countrey? though few doe pay it; or to renowne? which vsually is deerest to all men. In this, I, and Caluisius, a verie wise man, and your great friend, condemne euerie day your iudgement. And yet with all our power, wee labour, to prorogue the Creation, till Ianuarie; we iudging, that for manie res [...]ects, it may redound to the benefit of the Common [...]wealth. Conquer therefore, and liue in health.

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Cicero to Marcus Lepidus, Epist. 27.

HAuing, in resp [...]ct of the infinite loue I beare you, an hearty desire, that you should attaine to some supreme, and high degree of honour: I tooke it ill, that you returned not thankes to the Senate; hauing beene prefer [...]ed, by those orders, to eminent honours. That you are desirous to labour a peace between fellow Citizens, I am glad; If you can but quit that peace from seruitude, you shall benefit the Common [...]wealth, and [...]our owne honour. But if this peace be, to re-establish that same bad fellow, in the possession of his vnbridled dominion; conceiue that all good men are of this resolution, rather to dye free, then liue in serui [...]ude. And therefore in my iudgement, you shall doe farre more wisely; not to interpose your selfe in this accord: of which, neither Senate, people, nor anie honest man receiues contentment. But these matters you shall vnderstand from others, or else be cer [...]ifi [...]d of them by letters. You, according to your accustomed wisdome, may bee able to resolue, what is best. F [...]rewell.

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Cicero to Caius Trebonius. Epist. 28.

OH how I wisht, that you had inuited me, to that same glorious banquet o [...] the xv. of March: none of those reliques should haue remained, which put vs now to so much trouble, that, that diuine peece of seruice of yours, perform'd in behalfe of the Common-wealth, is accompanied with some blemish. And because that wicked wretch [...] was taken at one side by you, (though I know, you did it to a good end) and [that] through your fauour, this pestilence yet liues though I ought not, yet [...] I cannot choose sometimes, but I must be halfe angrie with you. For, you haue left more molestation to mee alone, then to all others whatsoeuer. Because, so soone as after the reprochfull departure of Mar [...]us A [...]tonius, the Senate could freely be as [...]emble [...]; I returned to defend the Common-wealth, with that vnd [...]unted mind, I was accustomed; for which, you, together with your Father, a most noble Citizen, haue euer commended, and loued m [...]e [...] By rea [...]on, that the Tribunes of the people hauing [...]ummon'd the Senate, the xx. of D [...]c [...]mber, and another busin [...]sse be [...]ng pro [...]ounded, I sp [...]ke in genera [...]l, touching the sta [...]e of the Common-wealth: [Page] and my courage transporting mee further then my wit, I so effected, that the Senate, now crazie, & languishing, seem'd to reassume its former vigor, & custom. This was the first day, that the people of Rome, moued by the efficacie of my words, and actions, conceiued som [...] hope of recouering their libertie. And yet after that, I omitted no time, not onely to bethinke me, but to endeuour something also for the benefit of the Common-wealth. And, if I thought not, that you had particular aduertisement, by some other meanes, of that which passeth in Rome: I, though most busied, would not bee wanting therein, to giue you satisfaction. But I know you shall haue notice thereof, by the letters of some of your other friends: from mee you shall vnderstand some few matters, and that briefly. We haue a worthie Senate; the Consulars partly fearefull, and partly ill affected. Great preiudice did accrue by the death of Seruius Sulpicius. Lucius Caesar carries a verie good mind: but because hee is Antonius Vncle, hee proceedeth not so freely. The Consuls can be no better then they are. Decimus Brutus beares himselfe wondrous well: and so does Caesar the yo [...]th: who, I hope, will prosecute, as he hath begun. Be [...] assured of this; that if hee had not presently taken into pay the old companies; [Page] and if two Legions of Antonius Armie, had not come vnder his command; and th [...]t this ter [...]our h [...]d not oppo [...]ed him; there is no impietie, or crueltie, which Antonius would not haue commi [...]ted. Though I suppo [...]ed you had heard of these things, yet I was willing to lay them more open vnto you. I will write more at large, when time permits me. Farewell.

Cicero to Ampius. Ep. 29.

VVIth what care I h [...]ue laboured about your affai [...]es, and safetie, I suppose your friends haue certified: who I know on my part remaine well satisfied. Neither will I yeeld to them, though they beare you singular loue, [...]hat they should affect your good aboue my selfe. But necessarily they must graunt this vnto me, that now, I can doe you more good, then they can. Which certainely I haue not [...]ailed to performe, no [...] euer will. And I hau [...] already discha [...]ged it in a most impo [...]tant matter, & laid th [...] foundations of your safetie. Be of good cheare, and rouse vp your spirits: being most assured, that I will neuer faile you, in any occurrent whatsoeuer: the sixt of Iuly. Farewell.

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Seruius Galba to Cicere. Epist. 30.

THe xvj. of Aprill, on which Pansa should haue bin in Hirtius Campe, with whom I was, (for I went an hundr [...]d myles to meete him, that he might come the sooner;) Antonius with two L [...]gions, the second, and the fiue and thirtith, and two Praetorian Cohorts, one, his owne, another of Si [...]anus, and a part of the extern, or outlandish souldiers, came marching towardes vs [...] imagining that we had onely foure Legions: But Hirtius sent by night, the Martian Legion, which was wont [...]o be vnder my command, and two Praetori [...]n c [...]horts; to the end we might come more secur [...]ly to his Campe. At the discouery of Antonius Cauallerie; the Martian Legion, and Praetorian cohorts advanced & prest on. And we of force followed, because we could not retaine them. Antonius had his men at Fo [...]um Gall [...]rum; neither would hee hau [...] had it knowne, th [...]t he h [...]d the Legions [...] onely he made a shew, of his Cauallerie, and of some light armed t [...]oupes. When P [...]nsa s [...]w the Legion aduance w [...]thout his leaue, he commanded that two Legions of new souldier [...] should follow them Wh [...]n we had passed [Page] t [...]e narrow straights of the marishes and woods, we order'd a squadron of twelue cohorts. The two Legions were yet scarce come v [...], when Antonius conducted his people out of the Borrough, and without delay came to an assault. At the beginning, they sought so, that they could not on either side haue fought more fiercely. But the right wing, wherein I was, with eyght cohorts of the Martian Legion, at the [...]irst ch [...]rge, put to rout, the thirtie fifth Legion of Antonius, [...]o that from the place where the fight began, it pursued them aboue halfe a myle. Whereupon the Cauallery intending to inu [...]ron or hem our wing abo [...]t, I began to retire, and to oppose my light armed, to the Morish horse, to the end they might not assaile our men in the rere-gard. In the meane while I perceiued, that I was in the middest of Antonius troupes, and that behind, Antonius himselfe, was not farre of. I presently spur [...]ed towa [...]des that fresh Legion, which came from the Campe, clapping my shield to my B [...]cke. Antonius troop [...]s pursued me, and our owne men beganne to throw darts at me: and it was great for [...]une that I escaped, had not our comp [...]n [...]es presently discoue [...]ed me. Also [...]n the way A [...]m [...]lia, w [...]ere Caesars Praeto [...]an cohort was, they fought a long ti [...]e. The left wing, which was very weake, [Page] wherein were two cohorts of the Martian Legion, and the Praetorian cohort, beganne to retire, being inuironed with the Cauallerie, wherein Antonius is very strong. When all our squadrons were retired, I my selfe also began to retire vnto the Campe. Antonius as Conquerour, thought he might haue ceased on our Tents: whereunto being come, he there lost many of his men, and did otherwise no good. When Hirtius heard of this successe, with twentie olde cohorts, he came and assailed Antonius, as he returned to his Campe: and hewed all his men in peeces, and put them to flight, in the same place, where they fought at Forum Gallorum. Antonius foure houres after Sunne-setting, with his Corne [...]s retired to his tents at Mutina. Hirtius betooke him to those lodgings from whence Pansa issued; where he had le [...]t two Legions, which were confronted by Antonius. And so Antonius hath lost the greatest part of his old soul [...]ie [...]s; but not without some weakening of our P [...]ae [...]orian C [...]horts, and the Ma [...]tian Legion. We won two Aegles, and three [...]core colours of Antonius; the victory was ours. This twentith of Aprill [...] From the Campe. Farewell.

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Caius Asinius Pollio to Cicero. Epist. 31.

YOu need not maruaile, that I haue not written any thing vnto you, about the Common-wealth, since the warre beganne. For [...]he Castulonensian forest, which hath euer staied our posts, though it be now fuller of theeues then euer; yet procures it not so much delay, as they doe, who being dispersed in all quarte [...]s, by the one, & other side, seeke after Postes, and detaine them. For which cause, if letters had not bin conueyed by Sea, I could haue knowne of nothing, that passed with you. Now, hauing found opportunitie, in that they begin to goe by sea, I will very willingly, and as oft as I can write vnto you. There is no feare that I should be moued to discourse of his workes, who, though there be none, that can abide to see him, yet is he not so hated of men as he deserueth. For I so abhorre him, that I account euery thing odious, in which he hath a finger: and my nature, & studies draw me to a desire of peace, and l [...]bertie. Whereupon, I often bitterly bewayled that beg [...]nning of the ciuill warre. But being enforced to betake my selfe, to one of the parts, for I had great enemies of all sides: I fled that [Page] Campe, wherein I knew I could [...]ot be secure, from the complots of mine enemie. Being driuen thither, whither I would not: not to be in the number of the last, I couragiously exposed my selfe to daungers. But because Caesar, in so great a Fortune, hauing knowne me but a little before, held me in that esteeme he held his auncientest familiars, I loued him with the greatest affection and fidelitie I could. Those things which I could discharge according to mine owne minde, I so performed, that euery honest man commended me: and that which was imposed on me, I effected after such a fashion, as it was well knowne, that I did it as constrained, and against mine owne inclination. The hatred of which actions, vniustly borne me, might well teach me, how faire a thing libertie was, and hovv vnhappie that life, which is led vnder an Aristocracie. And therefore if now men striue, that once againe, euery thing should be reduced vnder a Monarchie: whosoeuer hee bee, I protest my selfe an enemie to him: neither is there any daunger, from which I withdrew my selfe, in the prosecu [...]ion of libertie; or whither, I seeke not to be sent. But the Consulls, neyther by the Senates decree, nor by their owne letters, gaue me commission what I [Page] s [...]ould doe. For I at the last receiued but one letter after the xiij [...] of Ma [...]ch, from Pansa; wherein he aduised me to write to the Sena [...]e, that I remaine at his command with the A [...]mie. Which vvas nothing to the purpose; Lepi [...]us a [...]irming in his publick declamations, an [...] writing to euery one, that he [...]tood fo [...] Anteni [...]: For with what prouision in his despigh [...], could I conduct the Legions through his Prouince? Or, if I had p [...]ssed [...]he test, could I also fl [...]e ouer the Alpes, whi [...]h were garded by his peo [...]le? Besides, letters co [...]ld by no mean [...]s, [...]aue had sec [...]e pass [...]e. F [...]r in infinite places, men lay hold o [...] th [...] curtie [...]'s, and they are also det [...] by Lepi [...]: No man can [...] [...]rduba, spe [...]ki [...]g to the A [...]mie, I spoke this [...] tha [...] I was not to resi [...]e th [...] P [...]ouince, bu [...] to him, that by the S [...]nat [...]s order was come [...]or that pu [...]pose. For, to [...]ssigne ou [...]r the [...] L [...]gion, how grea [...] [...]stance was made vnto me, I [...]annot suffici [...]y set downe in writing: the which i [...] I had r [...]signed, I knew how mu [...]h more weake [...] h [...]d rem [...]in'd [...]or [...]he [...]eruice of the Common-wealth. For, do [...] no [...] im [...]gine, that any great [...]r courage [...] or expedi [...]ion i [...] fight can be [...]equir'd, then [...] in this Legion Wherf [...]re, reta [...]ne this opinion of me, that I [...] inf [...]n [...]tely desi [...]e peace; ( [...]or certai [...]ly I wish the p [...]ese [...]uation of all [Page] Cittizens) and next of all, that I am prepared to restore the cōmon-wealth, and my selfe to libertie. Whereas you write that you hold my domesticall acquaintance, in the number of yours: it pleaseth me beyond your owne valuation. And yet I enuie him, that he walks and iests with you. You'le demand, how much I esteeme of this? if euer I be permitted to liue in a reposed life, you shall k [...]ow it. For I will not start an inch from you. I much wo [...]der, that you wrote not vnto me; wh [...]her remaining in the Prouince, o [...] leading mine Armie into Iealie, I might giu [...] best satisfaction to the commonwealth. For my part, though it be mor [...] se [...]u [...]e, and lesse labourious to remaine: neuerthelesse, because I see, that in these troublesōe times, you haue much more n [...]d of Legiōs, then of Prouinces; especi [...]lly which may be recouered, withou [...] an [...] trauaile; I haue propounded at this time, to depart with my forces. You shall hereafter vnderstand all, by the letters, which I haue written to Pansa: for I haue sent you a copie of them. The xvi. of March: from Corduba. Farewell.

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Caius Asinius Pollio to Cicero. Epist. 32.

BAlbus the Quaestor, by recouering publicke duties, hauing amassed together, a great qu [...]ntitie of readie coyne; a great weight of gold, and a greater of silue [...], without [...]o much as disbursing to the [...]ouldiers their pay; still, and clo [...]ely [...]pa [...]ed [...]om G [...]des: and for the space of [...], be [...]ng detained [...] the first of [...] to Bogud's ki [...]gdome, [...] well f [...]nished with mone [...] [...] be [...]g, whether he will re [...]urne to [...] o [...] to Rome, (for vpon euer [...] b [...]st [...] nevves, he shamefully alters his [...]) I doe not yet know. Bu [...] [...] [...]rging the companions o [...] [...]h [...] people of Rome; besides the [...]ts [...] & [...]ines; he h [...]th also don these things [...]hat is (as he was wont to boast) the sa [...] that Caius Caesar did. In the publick fest [...]u [...]ies that he celebrated at Gades; hee brought in, Herennius Gallus, the Comedian, the last day of the shewes, giuing him a ring of gold, to set in the foureteenth degree: (for so many seuerall degrees had he made, for the ranking of the knights.) He prorogued the Quatuor virat: The solemne elections of two [Page] yeares, he dispatcht in two dayes: that is, he created them to be officers, whom he thought good: he called home the b [...]nished men [...] not of these times, but of those, when the Senate was hewen in peeces, and expel [...]ed by seditiou [...] persons, S [...]x [...]us [...]a [...]rus being vice consull. But this he did not af [...]er Caes [...]rs example. For in his sports, he repre [...]ented his voyage in a Com [...]die, wh [...]n he went to assaile L [...]cius L [...]ntulus the Consull and moreouer in the recitall thereof, he wept, as mou [...]d at the me [...]oriall of his execut [...]ons. A [...]te [...]wards, i [...] the encounte [...]s o [...] the Fencers, because on Fadius, Pompei's s [...]uldier, hauing [...]wi [...]e fough [...] with [...]ut reward, bei [...]g vrged by another into the listes, [...]t his requ [...]st would not fi [...]ht; and made his [...]fuge to the people: Fi [...]st he set Gaull [...]sh horsemen against the p [...]ople, ( [...]or he had stones cast at him, when Fadiu [...] was dra [...]ne by force) [...]t [...]rw [...]rds, drag [...]ing him away, within [...] put him in a pit, and burnt hi [...] [...]ue At whi [...]h time he hauing di [...]d, b [...]re footed, vnbraced, with his hands b [...]nd him, he stru [...]ting, walked vp and dow [...]e; and, to that poore w [...]tch, who [...] sayd; I am a [...]i [...]tizen of R [...]m [...], he made answer; Now goe, c [...]u [...] f [...]ou [...] of the people. Besides this, he c [...]st vnto the wild beasts R [...]nare Cittizens. And amongst th [...]se a certaine out-cryer, a man ver [...] well [Page] knowne in Hisp [...]li [...], he gaue to be torne asunder by the same Beasts; for no other cause, but that he was deformed. I haue had to doe with this monster. But when we be together, we will talke of him more a [...] large. Now, more to the purpose; ordaine what I should do. I haue three Legions of valiant souldiers. One of which, that is, the eight and twen [...]ith, Antonius in the beginning of the warre, hauing called it to him, with this promise, that the same day it arriued in his Campe, he would giue them fiue hundred [Romane] pence a man: and in victory; the same rewards, as to his owne Legions. Which largesses, would haue beene in [...]inite, and beyond all measure. It being very desirous to haue gone to him, I detained it, [but] hardly vndoubtedly. Neither could I haue detained them, if I had had them all in one place; considering that some of those cohorts mu [...]ined, though they were remote, one from another. The other Legions, he hath not ceased, to incite by letters, and large promises. As also Lepidus, hath vrged me both by his owne, and Antonius letters, to send vnto them the thirtieth Legion. Whereupon, if this Armie which I haue, I would neither sell for rewards, nor diminish, for feare of those daungers, of which, Antonius, and Lepidus, remaining Conquerours, I m [...]ght [Page] be in iealousie. you may well iudge, that it was by me detained, and reserued for the seruice of the Commonwealth, and [you may] hold for most certaine, that I would haue performed whatsoeuer you had commanded me to doe, perceiuing I had done that, which you imposed vpon me. For, I haue kept the Prouince in quiet, and the armie vnder my power. I neuer went beyond the extent of my Prouince, to goe any whither. I neuer sent a souldier into any part, not onely of the Legions, but not so much as of strangers, or those that haue colleagued themselues: and, if I found any horsem [...]n stealing away, or parting, I haue punished him. For all which actions, I shall thinke I haue receiued a great g [...]erdon, if the Common-wealth continue. But if it, and the greater part of the Senate, had well knowne me, I might ere this, haue done them greater seruice. I haue sent that Epistle to you, which I wrote to Balbus, while he was yet in the Prouince. In like manner, the Comedie, if you please to read it, call for it from Gallus Cornelius, my friend. This seuenth of Iune, from Cor [...]uba. Farewell.

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Caius Asinius Pollio to Cicero. Epist. 33.

LEpidus, by hauing detain'd my posts for nine dayes, was the occasion, that I had more late aduertisement of the battailes fought vnder Mutina; although we ought to desire, that the newes of so great a losse to the Common-wealth should arriue very slowly; especially to them, that can no wayes helpe vs, nor giue vs any remedie. And I would to God, that by the same decree of the Senate, with which you called Plancus, and Lepidus into Italie, you had likewise imposed vpon me to come thither. Vndoubtedly the Common-wealth had no [...] receiued a wound so dangerous. Whereat, if any at this present reioyce, for it seemes that the Captaines, and old souldiers of Caesars partie are dead: neuerthelesse, they must afterwards needs lament, when they shall behold the ruine of Italie. For the very strength and race of good souldiers is extinguished; if the nevves we heare be in any part true. And I knew it euidently, that if I had ioyned with Lepidus, I should wonderfully haue assisted the Common-wealth. For whereas he hunge off, and was doub [...] full, what part to cleaue vnto, I would [Page] by all meanes haue perswaded him, to haue resolued on a course, especially with the ayde of Plancus. But he writing vnto me such letters, as you shall peruse; and like to the open speeches, which they say, he vttered at Na [...]bona; it was necessarie, I should draw him on with fai [...]e words, if I meant to get prouision, marching through his Prouince. Besides this, if the battaile had beene fought before I had effected my determination, I doubted that my good intention might by mine aduersaries haue been discouered, & misconstrued; considering the acquaintance I haue had with Antonius: which notwithstanding, was no greater then what Plancus had also with him. Whereupon, at Gades, in the moneth of Aprill, I embarqued two messengers, in two ships, and I wrote vnto you, to the Consulls, and to Octauian, that you would informe me, how I might be best seruiceable to the common-wealth. But according to my accompt, on the same day that Pansa ioyned battaile; on the very same, the ships set out from Gades: For since the Winter, there was no setting of Saile before that day. And in truth not supposing, that any ciuill tumults would haue growne, with a setled mind, I had bille [...]t [...]d my Legions in Lusitania; to the end they might lie there al ye winter. But both of them after such a manner [Page] sought to fight, as if their greatest feare had beene, that the warre could not be ended, without the vtter ruine of the Common wealth But, if the [...]e were occasion of hast. Then, I see that Hirtius in al things demean'd himselfe, like a most valiant Capta [...]ne. For these things were written and certified vnto me, out of Gallia, which is in Lepidus gouernment: that P [...]nsa's Armie was hewen in peeces; Pansa himselfe slaine, with manie wounds; the Martian Legion destroyed in the same battaile; together wt Lucius Fabatus, Caius Peduceus, & Decimus Carsulenus. Then, that in Hirtius battaile, bo [...]h the fourth Legion, and generally all those of Antinius, passed the edge of the sword [...] In like maner, Hirtiu [...] [...]ourth Legion, hauing ceas'd vpon Antonius tents, were cut in peeces by the fift Legion: and here also Hirtius, and Pon [...]ius Aquila perished. And I heare, it is reported, that Octauianus was there sl [...]ine: which newes if they be true, (as God [...]orbid,) I shall be infinitely sorrowfull. Mor [...]ouer, that Marcus A [...]tonius dishonourab [...]e left the si [...]ge of Mutina: but that the Cauallerie, and three armed legions vnder their Standards, & on [...] of Publius Vagienus: with a great [...]ūber of di [...]a [...]med men, and that Ven [...]idius al [...]o is vnited with him, with three Legions, ye seuenth, the [...]ight, and the ninth: and th [...]t if L [...]pidus faile him, in whom he [Page] hath great hope, he will be take him to his last refuge; and will raise not onely the nations, but euen the very slaues. I vnderstand also, that Parm [...] hath beene sacked, & yt Lucius Antonius possesseth the Alps. Which things if they be true, it is not fit that any of vs, should stand at the gaze, or expect, what the Senate will determine. For euery one that affects the safetie of the Empire, or finally the Romaine name, is enforced to giue present succour; seeing Brutus, as I heare, hath no more, but seuenteene cohorts, and two imperfect Legions of new souldiers, which Antonius had entertained. And yet I make no doubt, but all the remainder of Hirtius Armie will make head with him. For of leuying of new forces, I thinke there is no great hope: especially there being nothing more dangerous, then to giue Antonius time, to be refortified: and the season of the yeare, the rather inuites me thereunto, because the corne is either in the fields, or in the villages. Therefore in my first letters, I will set downe, what I meane to doe. For I will neither be wanting, to the Common-wealth, nor suruiue her. But yet I grieue without measure, that my iourney will be so long, and dangerous; for all aduertisements come to me aboue fortie dayes after the execution. Farewell.

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Marcus L [...]pidus, Imperator the second time, & Pontifex Maximus, to the Senate, and people of Rome. Epist. 34.

IF you, with your children be in health, I am glad: my selfe also am so: I call to witnesse, both gods and men, (O conscript Fathers) of what intention, and affection I haue euer beene towards the Common-wealth, and how light I haue set by all other things, in respect of common libertie, and saf [...]tie. The which I had very shortly made manifest vnto you, if Fortune had not by force diuer [...]ed me from the dissigne, I had intended. For all the Armie comming to a mutinie, would maintaine their auncient custome, in prese [...]uing Cittizens, and embracing peace with all men: and to say truth, it hath enforced me, to vndertake the protection of the safetie, and preseruation of so great a multitude of Romane Cittizens. Wherefore, I beseech you, and entreat the gods (O conscript Fathers) that, laying apart all particular hatred, you will prouide for the State of the Common-wealth, and not repute our clemencie, and the mercie of our Armie in a ciuill discord, for disloyaltie. And, if you haue respect to the honour, and [Page] safetie of all men; greater benefit will redound both to you, and the Common-wealth. The xxix. of May, from Pons Argenteus. Farewell.

Marcus Lepidus Imperator the second time, Pontifex Maximus, to Cicero. Ep. 35.

IF you be in health, I am glad, for so am I also: Hauing heard, that Antonius, with his forces, sending Lucius Antonius, before with a part of the Cauallerie, came into my Prouince; I departed with my companies from that place, where Rhodanus meetes with other streames, and tooke my way towardes them. And so by a continuall march I came to Forum Vecontij: and a little beyond, along the riuer Argentea I encamped against the two Antonies. Publius Ventidius ioyned with him his three Legions, and pitched his Tents aboue me. He had before that, the second Legion, and out of other Legions a great multitude, but disarmed. He hath a strong Cauallerie: for he lost but few of them, in the battaile: in so much, as they are aboue thirtie thousand horse. So that diuers of his souldiers, both foote and horse, departing [Page] from him, are come to my campe. And day by day, his men diminish [...] Si [...]nus, and Culeo haue left him. We, although mightily offended with them, because they went to Antonius against our wi [...]l: neuerthelesse, out of our humanitie, and loue, we haue thought good to saue them. And yet we employ them not, nor doe we keepe them in our Campe: nor haue we giuen vnto them any command. As touching this warre, wee will neither be wanting to the Senate, nor Common-wealth. Of what wee haue since that time done, we will aduertise you [...] Although at all times, betweene vs, for the familiaritie we haue had together, there haue passed great demonstrations, and effects of loue, [...]yther of [...]s striuing to exceed the other: Yet, I make no doubt, but that in so great, and suddaine a commotion of the Common-wealth, by malignant mindes, some things haue bin reported to you of me, altogether [...]alse, and vnbeseem [...]ng me; which haue much mooued your minde, out of the affect on you beare to the Common-wealth. And [...]o such relatio [...]s; I am certified by my Agents, that you gaue no great credit; nor thought you good, so lightly to beleeue them. Which things, as they des [...]rue, are most acceptable vnto mee: as also I remember [...]hose fauours, which in times past, mooued [Page] out of loue, you performed, to encrease my honour and reputation Whereof I will neuer be forgetfull. I request you, my Cicero, of all fauour; if, in my life, and care, which I haue alwayes in times past, most diligently employed in the gouernment of the Common-wealth, you haue knowne me for such an one, as is fit I should be; that you would expect the same, and also better pe [...]fo [...]mance hereafter: and the more I am bound vnto you for benefits receiued, the more studious be you, with your authoritie to defend me. Farewell.

THE ELEVENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Decimus Brutus, to Marcus Brutus, and Caius Cassius. Epist. 1.

THis shall serue, to informe you, in what state we stand, Yesterday in the euening Hirtiu [...] was with me, and declared vnto me what Antonius meaning was; as bad as might be, and most trecherous. [Page] For he said, that he could not giue ouer the Prouince to me: neither thought he that any of vs, could remaine secur [...]ly in Rome: because the mindes o [...] the souldiers, and plebeians were terriblie prouoked. Both which things, that th [...]y are false, I thinke you very well conceiue; and on the contrarie, that, that is true, which Hirtius rela [...]ed; that Antonius feares, if our dignitie get neuer so little assistance, no place would remaine for him in the Common-wealth. Finding my selfe in these perplexities, I thought good to demand a free Embassie for my selfe; and for our o [...]her friends, to finde some honest meanes for our depar [...]u [...]e. Which hee hath promised me to obtaine. And yet I am not confident, that he can procure it: so great is mens insolencie, & their persecution of vs. And yet if they should grant this Embassie; neuerthelesse I su [...]pose, that not long after wee should be e [...]eemed rebells; and they will publish some proclam [...]tion to interdict vs [...]ire, and water. What is therefore your aduise? We must ye [...]ld to Fo [...]tune; leaue Italie, and goe to Rhodes, or into some other pa [...]t of the world. If better fortune present it selfe, wee will returne to Rome: i [...] indifferent, we will liue in exile: i [...] the worst of all, we will haue recourse, to the l [...]st refuges [...] Here, peraduenture some of you will say: [Page] wherefore will you attend while the last cast, rather then presently attempt some thing? Because wee know not whither we should goe, but to Sixtus Pompeius, and Bassus Ceci [...]ius: who I suppose hearing this newes of Caesar, will collect greater force. Wee shall come to them [...]ime enough, if we once know what they can performe. If you will haue me promise any thing for eyther of you two, I will passe my word: for Hirtius requires me to doe it. I pray, write [...]acke vnto me without delaie; For I make no qu [...]stion, but Hi [...]tius will aduertise me of the for [...]said matte [...]s, within the compasse of [...]oure houres. Returne me answere in w [...]iting, where we s [...]all meete, and whither I must come. A [...]ter Hirtius last discourse, I [...]hought good to demand, that we might haue leaue to remaine in Rome with publicke guard: the which I thinke they will not graunt vs. For all R [...]e would become their enemie, if it saw that we could not remaine secure without a guard. I haue notwithstanding prefe [...]red all those r [...]quests, which I iudged reasonable. Fare ye well.

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Marcus Brutus, and Caius Cassius Praetors, to Marcus Antonius Consull. Epist. 2.

IF we made any question of your loue and fidelitie towards vs, we would not haue written these things vnto you: the which we are assured you will take in very good part: being, as you are, our friend, and a man of sincerest loyaltie. We are informed by writing, that a great multitude of old souldiers, are now come to Rome, and that the first of Iune there wi [...]l be a farre greater number. If we either doubted or suspected you, we should doe contrarie to our iudgement, and vsuall custome. But certainly, we hauing been in your power; and by your aduise dismissing our municipall friends; and performed this not only by edict, but also by letters; we are worthie to be made partakers of your intention; especially in a matter wherein we are interres [...]ed. Wherupon we request you, to let vs vnderstand, how you stand affected towards vs; and whither you thinke we may liue secure, in so great a recourse of old souldiers: who, as we heare, are determined to set the pillar vp againe. Whereunto if you consent; it seemes not that any man can thinke it well done, that hath any [Page] respect of our honour, and safetie. The successe hath shewed, that from the beginning wee aimed at quietnesse; and sought no other thing but common libertie. None can deceiue vs heerein, but your selfe; which were farre from your worth, and fidelitie. Neither hath any man else any meanes to deceiue vs. For in you onely we haue, and must put our confidence. Our friends though they well know your constancie, yet they are much perplexed for vs; considering that the multitude of old souldiers, may more easilie by any other be excited, then by you curbed. I pray be pleased to answer vs particularly to euery thing. It were a great follie to beleeue, that these old souldiers are called to Rome, because in the moneth of Iune, you were to take order in the Senate, about their aduancement. For, what can you thinke should hinder you herein, being assured, that in this we no waies meane to oppose you? Wee ought not to seeme ouer desirous of life to any man; in that no mischiefe can fall on vs, without the ruine, and confusion of all things. Farewell.

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Brutus, and Cassius Praetors; to Antonius, Consull. Ep. 3.

WE haue read your letters, very con [...]ormable to your edict; outragious, threatning, and altogether vnworthie, both of your selfe, and vs. Antonius, wee haue no waies iniur'd you: neither did we thi [...]ke, that you would haue wondred, that, being Praetors, and men of that qualitie, we had by edict demanded any thing of the Consull. Wherfore though you take it in disdaine, that we were so bold as to do it: [yet] giue vs leaue to grieue, that you should not vouchsa [...]e this fauour to Br [...]tus, and to Cassius. For, whereas you say you complained not, concerning the leuying of souldiers, and imposing of tributes, mustering of armi [...]s, and sending of messengers beyond sea: we easily beleeue yo [...], that you did it out of a good inten [...]ion: neuerthelesse we confesse not, that euer wee did any of these things [...] and wee wonder at you, that, hauing concealed these matters, you could not suppresse your choller, which hath [so farre] transported you [as] to cast in our teeeth the death of Caesar. But how this may be supported, Imagine you: that, the Praetors resoluing, for concords sake, and libertie, by [Page] way of Edict; may not leaue their own right in the gouernment they haue, but the Consull should threaten them with armes. It importeth not, that you through confidence you haue in them should goe about to terrifie vs. For it is not well done; nor is it fitting that we vpon any danger whatsoeuer should be frighted. Neither should Antonius seeke to command them, by whose action he himselfe hath freedome. If we were induced by others occasions to raise a ciuill war; your letters could be of no effect: they, bearing little respect to threats, who preferre libertie before all things. But you know well, that we cannot be prouoked to any noueltie. And peraduenture you threaten vs, by reason that what we doe out of iudgement, you suppose proceedes f [...]om feare. Our minde is this: that we desire so long as the Common-wealth may be also Free, that you should therein be both great, and honourable: our desire is not to haue any enmitie with you: but yet we make more account of our owne libertie, then of your ami [...]ie. Consider well what enterprise you vndertake, and what forces you haue to support it, and thinke not how long Caesar liued, but how little he raigned. Wee d [...]sire the gods, that your des [...]eignes may be beneficiall to the Common-wealth, and [Page] your selfe: If otherwise; we wish, that, with the safetie, and honour of the Common-wealth, they m [...]y be little preiudiciall to your selfe. The fourth of August.

Decimus Brutus Imperator, to Cicero. Epist. 4.

IF I made any question of your affection towards me, I would intreat you in many words to defend mine honour. But doubtlesse that is true, which I perswade my selfe; which is; that I haue a great place in your heart. I went against the Transalpini with mine Armie, not so much to obtaine the title of Imperator, as to satisfie the souldiers, and confirme them in defence of our cause: the which in my opinion I haue obtained. For they haue had a triall both of our liberalitie, and affection. I haue encountred with people warlike aboue all others: I haue there taken many Castles, and sacked many, I wrote not to the Senate, without iust cause, that they would affoord me the honour of that I sue for by supplications. Helpe me to obtaine it: for you shall performe a matter profitable [Page] also to the Common-wealth. Farewell.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 5.

LVpus our familiar friend being come from your parts; and remaining at Rome some pretie time; I was [retired] in a place, where I thought my selfe secure. For which cause Lupus returned to you, without my letters, hauing neuerthelesse procured me to haue yours. Now, I am come to Rome the ninth of December, and I desired nothing more, then to go presently and finde out Pansa: from whom I heard those things of you, which I desired greatly. Whereupon, though I know that I neede vse no prouocation of words to incite you, hauing of your selfe effected such a matter, as in the memorie of man, there was neuer any more famous: yet I thought good to certifie you briefely, how the people of Rome, expect all things from you; and that in you it reposeth all hope, that once it shall recouer it lost libertie. Now, I make no doubt, that, although day, and night you should call to minde, (which I am [Page] sure you doe) how great a matter you haue accomplish'd; [yet] you cannot be forgetfull, how great those things are, which you must yet compasse. For if it should so come to passe, that Antonius, should depriue you of Gallia; (to whom doubtlesse, I was euer a friend, till I perceiued, that he not onely openly; but also wilfully, makes warre against the Common-wealth;) there would remaine no refuge for our safety. Where [...]ore, I request you; as also the Senate and people of Rome intreat you, that you will for euer redeeme the Common [...]wealth, [...]rom tyranny, that the end may be answerable to your beginning. This is your o [...]fice: this is required, and this I will not say is expected f [...]om you, but euen challenged, not only by our Citie, but by all the world. Al [...]hough, you needing no exhortatio [...]s, a [...] I haue before written; I will vrge this point no further, I will doe wh [...]tsoeuer belongs to me; and to promise you all offices, fauours, endeauours, and counsells; wherein soeuer i [...] occurres, that by them your praise, and glory may bee aduanced. And therefore I would haue you fi [...]mely beleeue, that I, as well in respect of the Common-wealth, which is more deare vnto me then my life; as also because I affect your honour, and the augmentation of your dignitie, will [Page] neuer faile, in your honest designes, and in your greatnesse, and renowne to further you. Farewell.

Cicere to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 6.

OVr friēd Lupus arriuing at Rome, the sixth day after his departure from Mutina, came the morr [...]w after betimes to finde me; and carefully deliuered vnto me, what you had committed to him; and gaue me your letters. Whereas you commend vnto me your honor; I esteeme, that at the same instant you recommend vnto me mine owne: which ce [...]tain [...]ly is not dearer to me then yours. And therefore, you shall performe a thing acceptable to me, if you assure your selfe, that neither my counsell, nor fauour s [...]all bee any where wanti [...]g to your commendations. The Tribunes of the people intimating, that the Senate should be assembled the xx. of December; and I determining, to consult about a guard for the d [...]signed Con [...]ulls: though I resol [...]d, not to come into the Senate, before the first of Ianuarie: notwithstanding, becau [...]e your ed [...]ct was published the selfe-same day, I thought it [Page] ver [...] vnfi [...]ng, that there [...]ould either be a Senate, wherin your diuine merits towards the Common-wealth should be forgotten, (which would haue been look't vnto, though I had not beene present) or that any thing should bee spoken in aduancement of your honor, in which I had not beene there assistant. And therefore in the morning I went to the Senate house. Which being obserued: a great number of Senators repaired thither: and what I effected for you in the Senate, and deliuered afterwards in speech vnto the people, in the presence of an infinite audience, I had rath [...]r you should vnde [...]stand by others letters. This I desire you would bee perswaded, that, all those things, which shall appertaine to the increase of your dignitie, (which of it selfe is very great) I will alwaies with especiall care embrace, and defend. Wherein though I perceiue I shall haue many associates; yet will I endeuour after such a manner, that the first place shall remaine to my selfe. Farewell.

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Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 7.

LVpus hauing call'd together mee, Libo, and Seruius your cozen, at my house; what my opinion was, I think you haue vnderstood from C [...]eius Seius, who was present at that consu [...]tation. The rest, though Graeceius came a while after Seius: n [...]uerthelesse, from Grae [...]eius you may vnderstand it. But the sum is this; which I would haue you well to note, and keepe in minde: That in preseruing the freedome, and safetie of the people of Rome, you should not attend vpon the authoritie of the Senate, not yet at liberty. (For, this were a controlling, and reuocation of what you haue done: for, if you [...]hould reduce the Common-wealth to liberty, this you had done by no publique counsell, but of your selfe: and therfore 'twas your greater praise.) and you should inferre, that young (or rather the childe) Caesar did foolishly, to embrace so publique a businesse vpon his priuate counsell. Finally, you should make shew, that first you held all the olde souldiers, your war-associates, for fooles; rus [...]icall men; but valiant persons, and excellent Citizens: as also the Martian, and fourth Legion, who [Page] denounced their Consull, Rebell; and reuolted, to de [...]end the safety of the Common-wealth. The will of the Senate must bee held for authority, when authority is by feare hindered. Last of all, you haue now twice taken the enterprise vpon your selfe: Wherefore, you must sticke to what you haue done, First, the thirteenth of March; and then againe lately; because you assembled a new Armie, and new forces. And therfore you must be so prepared, and prouided for euerie thing, that you stand not vpon commission, in performance of euerie seruice: but, that you effect those matters, that may with wonderfull admiration, of euerie man, haue allowance. Farewell.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 8.

WHen Paula, your wife, gaue me to vnderstand, that if I would write any thing to you, I might doe it: I then had nothing to write. For all things hung in suspence, by reason of the expectation of the Ambassadours, from whom, as yet, there was no newes, what they had effected. Yet I thought good, to write this unto you: First, that [Page] the Senate, and people of Rome, doe thinke of you, not onely in respect of their owne safetie, but also for your dignitie. For, all Rome is wonderfully affected to your name, and beares you singular loue; h [...]ping constantly, that as before you freed the Common-wealth from a Tyrant, so at this present, you will deliu [...]r it from Tyrannie. There is a presse of souldiers in Rome, and thorowout all I [...]aly, if it may bee termed a presse, when all men willingly offer themselues: so great a feruencie is entred in [...]o the minds of men through the desire of libertie, and out of the hatred, of so long a seruitude. For the rest, wee must now depend vpon your letters, and bee aduertized what you doe, and our Hirtius, and my Caesar: who, I hope ere long, will in you companie be victorious. It remaines, that I noufie vnto you in writing, that, of my selfe, which I hope and desire, you may vnderstand from your friends, that I neither am, or euer will bee wanting in anie thing, that concernes your honor. Farewell.

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Decimus Brutus to Cicero. Epist. 9.

YOu know what losse the Common-wealth sustained, by the death of Pansa, now it is requisite, that you, with your authoritie and prudence, should prouide; that our enemies, by the death of the Consuls, may not hope to recouer themselues. I will take a course, that Antonius shall not be able to stay in Italy. I'le pursue him without delay. These two things I hope to compasse: That neither V [...]ntidius shall escape, nor Antonius plant himselfe in Italy. Aboue all, I entreat you, that you would send to that same wauering, or inconstant Lepidus, to the end he may not renew vs the warre, by colleaguing himselfe, with Antonius. For, touching Pollio Asinius, I suppose you conceiue, what he resolues on. The Legions of Lepidus, and Asinius, are verie manie, and mightie. Neither write I these things vnto you, because I know not, that you in like manner haue them in consideration; but, because I am assured, if peraduenture you should be doubtfull; that Lepidus will neuer perfo [...]me the office of a good Citizen. I also pray you, so to worke, that Plancus may aide vs: who, I hope, now that [Page] Antonius is ouerthrowne, will not fall from the Common-wealth. If Antonius passe the Alpes, I am resolu'd to place a Guard there, and to aduertize you particularly of what succeedeth. The xxviij. of April, from the Campe at Regium.

Decimus Brutus to Cicero. Epist. 10.

I Doe not think the Common-wealth more bound to me, then I am to you. And you see verie well, that I cannot be more gratefull to you, then they are to me maglignant. And if it seeme, that I speak this, to apply my selfe to the qualitie of the times; I desire your iudgement, rather then all theirs of th'other side. For you, without all passion, and according to truth censure me: which they, hindred by extreme malice, and enuie, doe not. But let them gaine-say at their pleasure, that I may not bee honoured: so they prohibite not, that I may conueniently execute the affaires of the Common-wealth. The which, in how great danger it is, I will explaine vnto you, with the greatest breuitie I can possible. First, what a confusion growes in the Citie, by the death of the Consuls, and what a passion [Page] men enter into, when that Magistracie is uacant, you know sufficientlie. I make account I haue written to the full of those matters, that may bee committed to letters, for I know to whom I write. Now I returne to the businesse of Antonius. Who, after the discomfiture, finding his power to be but a small band of disarmed foot: by setting the bondmen at libertie, and pressing by force all sorts of men, hee hath drawne together a good number of souldiers. Whereunto the force of Ven [...]idius was after ioyned; which with a most toilesome march, is arriued at Vada, beyond the Appenine, where it is vnited with Antonius. There are with Ven [...]idius of old souldiers, and armed, a verie great number. A [...]onius intentions must needs be these; either to repaire to Lepidus, if hee can be receiued: or to lye vpon the Appennine, and the Alpes, and scowring the Countrey with his Cau [...]llerie, which he hath in abundance, to sacke those parts, which hee scowreth: or to retire againe into Hetruri [...], because that quarter of Italy, is without anie Armie. But if Caesar had past the Appenni [...], as I did councel him; I had bro [...]ght Antonius to that streight, that hee should rather by famine, then by sword, haue perished. But neither can wee command Caesar, nor Caesar his Armie: which are two difficulties of [Page] great consequence. Now matters standing in these termes, I care not though men, in respect of my selfe, as before I wrote, doe crosse me. But yet I feare, that either fit prouisions cannot bee made, or, that when you shall make them, some obstacle will bee interposed. I can no longer pay the souldiers. When I took in hand to free the Common-wealth, I had more then foure millions in readie money. Now, I haue not onely not anie part in mine owne substance; but all the friends I had, I haue engaged. I giue maintenance to seuen Legions; with what difficultie, imagine you. If I had Varro's treasures, I could not defray the charges. As soon as I haue anie certaintie of Anton [...]us, I will let you vnderstand of it. Bee pleased to loue me, especially, when in me you finde the like affection. This fifth of May, from [...]he Campe at Derthona. Farewell.

Decimus Brutus Imperator, elected Consull, to Cicero. Epist. 11.

I Receiued your letters, written after the same forme, as my seruants deliuered them. The debt I owe you is so [Page] great, as I can hardly pay it you. I wrote vnto you of those things, which here troubled vs: Antonius is on his way: he goes to Lepidus: and, hee is not altoge [...]her hopelesse of Plancus, as I conceiue by his letters, which came vnto my hands: wherein hee made mention of some, that were sent to Asinius, to Lepidus, & Plancus. I, neuerthelesse, not hanging long vpon the matter, sent presently to Plancus; and within two daies, I expect Ambassadours from the Allobroges, and from all Gallia, whom I will send backe to their Countries well affected. Prouide, that all things needfull to be performed with you, may be dispatch't, according to your minde, and the occasions of the Common-wealth. And, if you can; oppose the maleuolence of men: if you cannot, comfort your selfe with this, that they shall not by anie outrages whatsoeuer, diuert me from my resolution. The seuenth of May, From the Campe, on the con [...]ines of the Statiellenses.

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Cicero to Decimus Brutus, Imperator; elected Consull. Epist. 12.

I Receiued in one day three letters from you: one, a short one; which you d [...]liuered to Flaccus Volumnius: [and] two verie long; one, brought me by the post of Titus Vibius; and the other sent vnto me [...] by Lupus. By your letters, and Graeceius report it seemes, that the warre is, not onely, not extinguish't, but with a greater blaze againe inflamed. But, I, out of your singular prudence, assure my selfe; that you perceiue, if it fortune that Antonius recouer anie forces, that all those your memorable seruices for the Common-wealth, are like to perish. For, this newes came to Rome; all men were of this beleefe; that Antonius, with a few disarmed men, daunted with feare, destitute of all hope to be himselfe again, had escaped. Who, if he be in such an estat [...], as to encounter him, as Graeceius told mee, would bee dangerous: mee thinkes he is no [...] fled from Mutina, but that he hath onely chang'd the place of war. Whereupon, men are in part as [...]onished, in part also they complaine, that you pursued him not. They beleeue, you might haue supprest him, had [Page] you therein but vsed expedition. Questionlesse, this is a defect of the people, and especially of ours, to abuse libertie towards him, by whom they haue obtained it. Neuerthelesse, 'tis good to haue a care, that no iust complaint may be produced. Here lies the poynt [...] He shall bring an end to the war, that suppresseth Antonius. How much this im [...]orts, you may of your selfe imagine: for, I purpose not herein to make you a further declaration. Farewell.

Decimus Brutus, Imperator, elec [...]ed Consull, to Cicero. Epist. 13.

FRom this time forward, it will not be fit, that I should thanke you with words. For, if I can hardly with effects, returne you equall merit; how should I thinke with words, euer to be able to requite you? I pray you consider well, how matters now stand: for, being wise, as you are; reading diligently my letters, you shall vnderstand euerie thing: I could not, my Cicero, pursue presently Antoniu [...], for the reasons I shall alledge vnto you. I was without horse; without beasts for carriage; I knew not that Hirtius was slaine; I [Page] could not bee confident of Caesar, before I came vnto him, and had talked with him; The first day passed after this manner. The day following I was by Pansa called earely to Bononi [...]. Being on the way, newes came, that hee was dead. I posted presently to my poore companies; for, so I may truely terme them. They are wondrous bare, and through want of all things, in maruellous ill condition. Antonius got two daies iourney before me, making much more way in his flight, then I, in his pursuite: for, he fled at randome, and I followed in warlike ordinance. Wheresoeuer he passed, he set slaues at libertie, and tooke by force, whomsoeuer he could: hee staid in no place, till he came to Vada: which place I wil discypher vnto you. It lies between the Appennine and the Alpes, and is almost impassable. I being some 30. miles off him, and he hauing alreadie combined his forces, with those of Ventidius, an oration of his was brought vnto mee: wherein hee began to entreat the souldiers, that they would follow him beyond the Alpes, by reason he held correspondencie with Lepidus. At this, shouts were raised, and principallie by Ventidius souldiers, (for, of his owne, he hath verie few) that they were resolued to die, or vanquish in Italy. And moreouer, they began to importune [Page] him, that hee would goe towards Pollentia. He, not being able to withhold them, gaue order for his going thither, the day following. When I heard this newes, I presentlie sent fiue cohorts to Pollentia, before they should arriue there, and tooke mine owne way thitherwards. Trabellius arriuing with his horse at Pollentia, found my men, which I sent to defend it, there, an howre before: whereat I much reioyced. For, herein I thinke, consists the victorie. They conceiued some good hopes: for, they neither supposed, that Plancus fowre Legions, were equall to all their forces: neither did they thinke, that an Armie could so speedilie be conducted out of Italy. Against whom the Townes-men hitherto, ioyned with the horse I sent before, haue of themselues couragiously resisted: and at my arriuall, I hope they will yet more valiantlie oppose themselues. But if peraduenture Antonius should passe the riuer Isara, wee will labour with all our power, to make such defence, that hee may doe no hurt to the Common-wealth. Be of great courage, and good hopes, about the interests of the Common-wealth, seeing, that both we, and our Armies, vnited with singular concord, are prepared for all enterprizes, in your behalfe, and seruice. Neuerthelesse, you must vse your wonted diligence, [Page] and procure, that there want neither men, nor anie other thing, which the necessitie of war requireth, to the end, that with better confidence, we may fight for your safetie, against this impious conspiracie of our enemies: who, on a sudden, haue turned those forces against their Countrey, which in long time, vnder colour of the Common-wealth, they had collected. Farewell.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 14.

I Reioyce beyond measure my Brutus, that my opinions, and censures about the election of the Decemuiri, and about honouring [...]he young man, were by you approoued. But what get I by this? Beleeue me, who am free from vaine-glorie, I know no more (O Brutus) what to doe. For the Senate was my organe, which now is whollie out of tune. That same notable enterprise o [...] yours, when you sallied out of Mutina, [and] Antonius flight with the discomfiture of his Armie, put vs in such hope, of hauing absolutely finished the warre, as eue [...]ie one grew to be recomforted; and those my contentions [Page] hee [...]etofore so violent, resembled skirmishes against the winde. But to returne to the matter: It is the opinion of such as well vnderstand the Martian, and the fourth Legion; that they cannot, by any meanes, be brought vnto you. Touching the money you demand, there is course taken for prouiding it, and it shall be dispatched. In the calling home of Brutus, and appointing Caesar for the guard of Italie, you and I haue one opinion. But, as you write, you haue adu [...]rsaries: whom I withstand with small labour: yet they disturbe mee notwithstanding. The Legions are expected out of Africa: but euery one wonders, that the war [...]e is renewed in those parts. There neuer hapened any thing so farre beyond expectation. For, the victorie being published on the day of your natiuitie, 'twas thought the Common-wealth should haue been put to no more trouble for many yeares. Now, these new occasions of feare, come to disanull matters alreadie performed. Though in those of the xv. of May, you writ vnto me; how, not long before, you vnde [...]stood by letters from Plancus, that Antonius was not receiued by Lepidus. Which, if it be so, all matters will goe well: but if otherwise, the enterprise will be difficult; whose end dependeth on you, to be brought about so, that I [Page] may no waies feare it. I can doe no mo [...]e, then what I haue done: yet aboue all others, I desire to see you, most reputed, and honourable; euen as I hope you shall be. Farewell.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 15.

THough the contentment your letters yeeld me is verie great: yet this was greater; that, being infinitely employed, you appointed your Colleague Plancus, that he should by letters excuse you to me. Which he hath performed diligently. And certainely I could haue receiued no greater content from any thing, then from this your courtesie, and diligence. The vnion with your Colleague, and your mutuall concord, the which by both your letters, you haue intimated, to the Senate, and people of Rome, was most acceptable. For the rest; goe on my Brutus, and henceforth, striue not to ouercome another, but to goe beyond your selfe. I must be no longer in writing, especially to you, whom I meane to imitate in breuitie. I expect with desire your letters, and attend them of [Page] such a tenor, as I heartily wish, and desire them. Farewell.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 16.

IT much imports when this letter shall be deliuered vnto you: either when you haue some encumbrance, or else when you are free from all molestations. And therefore I enioyned him, whom I sent vnto you, that hee should obserue a due time, to present it you. For, euen as they, who personallie come to visite vs, at an extraordinarie houre, are many times troublesome: so letters offend, if they be not deliuered in due season. But if you be, as I hope, without annoyance, and without disturbance: and I trust, I shall easily obtaine, what I desire of you; If he, to whom I committed this care, tooke a fit time to come vnto you. Luciu [...] Lamia demandeth the Praetorship: This, is one of the most intimate friends I haue; we haue of long time conuersed together, and knowne one another; and which is of speciall consequence; his familiaritie is, aboue all other things, dearest to me. Besides this, I stand bound vnto him for great [Page] benefits, and deserts towards me. For in the times of Clodius, he being head of the order Militarie, and defending my safetie m [...]st couragiously, was by Consull Gabinius confined: which before that time in Rome neuer hapned to any Romane cittizen. The people of Rome, retaining this in memorie, it would be too soule a thing, that I should be vnmindefull thereof. And therefore my Brutus make your selfe beleeue, that it's I, that stand for the praetorship. For, though Lamia be in wonderfull reputation, and fauour, hauing in the solemnities of his Aedilship vsed a very profuse liberalitie: neuerthelesse, as if it were not so, I haue in his present occasion, taken vpon my self the whole businesse. Now, if you make that esteeme of me, which vndoubtedly you doe; in that you may dispose of the chiualrie as their commander: giue notice vnto our Lup [...], that he may herein, procure vs their fauour. I will not vse more words vnto you: this onely will I adde, which is most certaine, that, of all the pleasures I looke for at your hands, you cannot doe mee a more acceptable. Farewell.

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Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 17.

LA [...]ia is one of the nearest friends I haue: I will not say his offices; but his merits haue beene very great towards me: and the people of Rome, can giue thereof good testimonie. This man hauing shewed extraordinary liberalitie and bountie, at the f [...]stiuiti [...]s of his Aedileship, now demands to be Praetor, and euerie one knowes, that he wants neither reputation, nor fauour. But, it both appeares, that the people will be so bribed, that euery thing makes me fearefull; and, I must needs resolue, to take this suite of Lami [...], wholly vpon my selfe. Wherein I very well discerne, how far you may assist me: and yet I no waies doubt, how much you desire to do me fauour. Wherefore my Brutus, perswade your selfe; that neither I can desire of you any pleasure, more effectually; nor you, performe to me any thing more acceptable: [then] if with all your power, and endeauour, you shall but fu [...]ther thi [...] suite of Lami [...]. The which, I entreate you, by all meanes may bee effected. Farewell.

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Cicero to Decemus Brutus Imperator. Ep. 18.

THough by the commissions, which Galba, and Volumnius did on your behalfe expose vnto the Senate, wee conceiu'd, of what you thought wee should be fearefull, and suspitious: yet they appeared [...]o bee more timerous commissions, then beseemed your victorie, and the Romane people. And you must vnderstand, my Brutus, that the Senate is resolute; and so are they that gouerne it [...] and therefore, they tooke it ill, to bee reputed sl [...]cke, and timerous; by you, whom aboue all others they iudged to haue beene m [...]gnanimious. For euery one, when you were s [...]u [...] vp, conceiuing wonderfull hopes of your valor, Antonius being then in his very Flower; who was he, that fear'd any thing when he was defea [...]ed, and you deliuered? neither did they feare Lepidus. For who would iudge him so foolish, that hauing affirmed he affected peace, in a time when the warre was at the hottest; now, that there is that peace which he desired, he should make warre against the Commonwealth? Neither doe I doubt but you are quicker sighted. But, the festiuitie being so fresh in memorie, [Page] which by vs in your name, through all the temples of the gods was celebrated; the renouation of feare, brought great disturbance. And therefore, I could wish, as I hope it will succeed; that Antonius were wholly abandoned and ouerthrowne: but if by misfortune, he hath recouered any force; that he might be made to perceiue; That, neither the Senate wants counsell, nor the people of Rome courage; nor, (while you liue,) the Commonwealth a Generall. The xix. of May. Farewell.

Decimus Brutus to Cicero. Epist. 19.

I Wish you might read the letters which I haue sent to the Senate before they are deliuered: and that if there be any thing, which you would haue otherwise, you would alter it. You, shall perceiue, that I haue written vpon necessitie. For, supposing I should haue had the Martian Legion, & the fourth; as Drusus and Paulus were contented, with whom your selfe accorded; I imagined there [...]as no great care to be taken of the rest. But finding now, new souldiers about me, and those not [Page] pay'd, I must needs be very fearefull; as well for mine, as your occasions. The Vicentines, shew speciall honour to me, and Marcus Brutus. I earnestly pray you, that you will not permit any wrong to be done them in the Senate at the instance of most base fellowes. They haue equitie on their side, [and] deserue greatly of the Commonwealth, and [haue] for their aduersaries, men of no valour, and affecting innouations. The xxj. of May, from Verse [...]s.

Decimus Brutus Imperator to Cicero. Epist. 20.

THough I be no waies afraid of mine owne occasions, yet, I am enforced, out of the loue I beare you, and for your many good offices, to feare yours. For it hath beene told me more then once, and I esteemed it not slightly: last of all, L [...] Segulio, a man most like himselfe, told me he had been with Caesar, and how they had a long discourse of you: that Caesar did not any thing complaine of you; but onely sayd that you should say, that the young man was to be praised, honoured, and taken off: And that he would not suffer himself to be taken off. But I beleeue [Page] that either Labeo reported these wo [...]ds vnto him, or else, they were not vttered by the young man, but rather feyned by himselfe. Besides this, Labeo would needes make me beleeue, that the Veteranes, spoke hardly of you, and that some ill would happen you by their meanes: and how they tooke it in despight; that neither Caesar, nor I, were elected among the Decemviri: and all things went onelie thorow your hands. Hearing this, and being vpon my waie, I thought good not to passe the Alpes, before I first knew, what was done there amongst you. For, of your perill, be assured, that if they can but daunt you wi [...]h brauadoes and thre [...]ts; or by putting some crotchets into the young mans head; they hope some great profit will accrue vnto themselues therby. And all this deuise, depends on the designe they haue, to gaine much. I would therefore haue you circumspect, and keepe your selfe from all embushments. For nothing can be dearer, nor sweeter to me, then your life. But take heed, that feare, be not occasion of a greater feare: and be fauourable to the Veteranes, wherein you may. First, concerning the Decem-viri, doe what they would haue you. Then, for the remunerations, if you thinke good, procure that I, and Caesar, ma [...] consigne vnto them, the lands of those ve [...]eranes, [Page] which followed Antonius partie. As touching moneyes, be not too hastie: and after you haue seene what quantity there is; you may tell them, the Senate will take some order therein. To the foure Legions, to whom you minde to allow partitions of land, or grounds, I see you may well allot them those of Silla, and the Territorie Campanum. I am of opinion, 'twere good to distribute vnto the Legions their lands equally, or by lot. And thinke not, that I am mooued to write these things vnto you, to shew my wisedome. I am moued, because I affect you, and des [...]re a generall peace: which without you cannot endure. I, if there be no extraordinary need, will not leaue Italie: I am about the arming of the Legions, and putting them in a readinesse. I hope to haue a braue armie, for all accidents whatsoeuer, and to resist any violence that shall occurre. Caesar sends me not backe, that Legion of the armie which Pansa had. Answere me presently to these letters: and if there be any secret of importance, which you thinke fitting for me to know. Send to me of purpose one of your people. Farewell. The xxiiij. of May, from Epor [...]dia.

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Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 21.

THe curse of the gods light vpon this Seguglio, the veriest knaue that euer was, is, or shall be. You thinke peraduenture, that he onely spake with you, or with Caesar. There's none, with whom he could conueniently talke, to whom he hath not spoken the selfe same things. But neuerthelesse, my Brutus, I thinke my selfe as I ought much bound vnto you; in that you would haue mee know of these fables, be they whatsoeuer. For this was a speciall note of loue. And touching that, where he sayes, that the old souldiers comp [...]aine [...] because you & Caesar are not in the number of the Decem-viri; I would to God, that neither I had beene of that number; for, what could haue beene vndertaken of greater vexation? notwithstanding, I hauing propounded, that it was necessary to nominate them that had Armies; Those very men that were wont, crying out, made opposition [...] so, that though I made great resistance, [both] you were excepted. And therefore, let vs giue no care to Segulius, who a [...]fects new things; not because he hath swallowed the old; for, he had nothing to [...]haw: but these which lately come [Page] to his hand, he hath deuoured, and digested with a witnesse. Then, whereas you write, that being no wayes affraid for your selfe, yet you feare for my sake. I, my Brutus, whom I esteeme the best man, and dearest friend that can be found, will not haue you feare any thing at all for me. For in those things which may be foreseene, I shall not be deceiued: and for those, which cannot come to notice, I care little. For, I were a foole, if I should require more, then the very nature of things hath imparted to man. In that you aduertise me, to auoyd, that in fearing, I be not constrained to a greater feare; you admonish me wisely, and like a true friend. But be assured, that you, being to [...]uery mans knowledge, endowed pa [...]ticularly with this vertue, neuer t [...] [...]ea [...], or be disturbed; I in this vertue almost equall you. And therefo [...]e I w [...]ll [...]ot be afraid of any thing, and I will l [...]oke abo [...]t me in all things. But take you heede my Brutus, that at length, my feare proceed not through your default. For though we were fearefull, neuerthelesse, the hope, that we repose, in your forces and Consullship, would expell all fearefulnesse; especially, euery one, but chiefely my selfe, being assured, that you beare vs a singular affection. Your aduertisements, about the foure Legions, and about the referring of the disposing of [Page] their lands, to Caesar, and your selfe, seeme to me very good. And therefore there being some of our Colleagues, who we [...]e as glad of this charge of distribution of the grounds, as if they had alreadie obtained it; I crost the matter, and reserued it wholly for you. If there be any secret occurrēt, or, as you write, any secret of importance, I will send purposely one of my men, that let [...]ers may the more faithfully be deliuered vnto you. Farewell. The iiij [...] of [...]une.

Ci [...]ero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 22.

I Entertaine an inward amitie, with Appius Clodius, sonne to Caius, ratified by many kind offices, which we haue done one [...]or another. I request you, as effectually as I may, that, either out of your humanitie, or for my sake, by the authoritie you haue, which is ve [...]ie great, you will be pleased to take order, that he may be secure. I desire that you being reputed for a man most valiant, may be also esteemed most mercifull. The preseruation of th [...]s youth, will redound to your great honour: who, in truth, the rather deserues compassion: because being induced by tender loue, to [...]educe his Father from banishm [...]nt, [Page] hee followed the partie of Antonius. Where [...]ore, though you should not haue so iust an occasion, yet you may well finde some probable reason, to effect it: with a becke onely you may procure, that such a person, [being] of a noble familie, of an excellent wit, very valorous, & besides, most officious, and exceeding mindfull of benefits; may be permitted to liue in his countrey, with securitie of his estate, and substance. Which I entreat you to performe, with all the possible desire, and affection I am able Farewell.

Decimus Brutus, to Cicero, Epist. 23.

VVE proceed well enough he [...]e, and wee'le endeuour to doe it better: Lepidu [...] seemes well enclined to vs [...] We must boldly prosecute the benefit of the Common-weal [...]h. And though [...]ll other things were contrary vnto vs; yet considering we haue three Armies on foot, so great and mightie, for the particular seruice of the Common-w [...]alth: you ought to haue that great courage, which you both eu [...]r h [...]d: and now, Fortune fauouring vs, you ought to incre [...]se it. The multitude [Page] disperseth that, which I wrote last vnto you with mine owne hand, to affright you: but if you get but the bridle betwixt your te [...]th; let me not liue, if all of them, how many soeuer, haue power to quack, if you but speake. I, as before I wrote, till I receiue your letters, will make my residence in Italie. Farewell. The xxv. of May: from Eporoedia.

Cicero to Decimu [...] Brutu [...]. Epist. 24.

I Tell you, I was at the first halfe angry with you, for the breuitie of your letters: now me thinkes, that I, am too long. I will therefore follow your stile. In how few words, how many things haue you intimated! that you doe reasonable well, and will end [...]uour to doe be [...]ter: that Lepidus stands well aff [...]cted: that hauing three Armies on foot, we ought to haue a constant hope in all things. Though I had beene timorous, yet with this letter you would haue made me couragious. But, as you put me in minde, I haue got the b [...]idle betwixt my teeth. For, if I, when you were beleagured, reposed all my hope in you; [...]ow, that you are in the fi [...]ld with a v [...]ctorious Armie, may I not repose [Page] a farre greater? I desire now at length, my Br [...]us, to r [...]signe ouer my vigilancie to you but so, that I may not be h [...]ld inconstant. Whereas you write, you wi [...]l r [...]side in Italie, till my letters come vnto your hand: if you c [...]n doe it, without any hindrance to th [...] wa [...]re, I thereu [...]to aduise you. For many matters are debated of in R [...]me: but i [...] the warre may be finished by your departure [...] attend this, rather then the other. The mon [...]y [...]s, which were readie, or consigned [...]uer vnto you: Seruilius is yours most aff [...]ctio [...]ate: I doe what so euer I am able. Farewell. The vj. of Iune.

Cicero to Decimus Brutus Imperator. Epist. 25.

I Expecting euery day your letters, our Lupus on a suddaine gaue me to vnderstand, that if I would write any thing to you, I might: but I, though I had not wherof to write, knowing that you are adu [...]rtised of what is done in Rome: and conc [...]uing, that letters without matter, are displeasing to you: I meant to vse all breuitie according to your custome. Vnderstand therefore that all hopes are in you, and your Colleague. [Page] And as for Marcus Brutus, there is yet no certainetie knowne: I, as you enioyne me, doe not cease with my particular letters to inuite him, vnto a common warre. And I would to God, he were now, in these parts: we should the lesse feare that euill, which within the cittie is not little: but what doe I? I forget your Laconisme; I haue already written one whole page. Vanquish, and Farewell. The xviij. of Iune.

Decimus Brutus Imperator, to Cicero. Ep. 26.

IN my extreamest griefe, I haue this consolation; th [...]t men know, that I f [...]ared not the euill which hath hapned without iust cause. Let them now d [...]liberate, whether the Legions shall be transported out of Africa, and out of Sardinia or no: whether Brutus shall be sent for, or no; whether they will assigne a stipend to me, or no. I haue written to the Senate: and I tell you for a most vndoubted truth, that except the prouisions I write for be made, we shall all runne an infinite danger. I pray you be carefull, to whom you commit the charge, of conducting me, the Legions. There is required therein both fid [...]lity, [Page] and expedition. Farewell. The iij. of Iune, from the Campe.

Cicero to Caiu [...] Matius. Epist. 27.

I H [...]ue not yet fully determined, whether our Trebatius, a very officious man, and well affected to vs both, bring me more trouble, or contentment. For, comming in the euening to Tusculanum, he, the day following, not yet well recouered, came in the morning to find me. And I chiding him, because he had so sle [...]der care of his health; he an [...]swered, he was come, out of a desire to speake with m [...]. And I, asking, what's the newes? He intimated vnto me your complaint, to which before I make answere, I'le deliuer some few things. For as mu [...]h as I remember of the times past, I haue not an auncienter friend then your selfe: but, touching the time; there are m [...]ny, that in some circumstances are equall to you: touching the loue; none. I [...]esolu'd to loue you, the fi [...]st day I knew you: and the selfe same day I was also of opinion, that you loued me. Af [...]erwards, your departure from R [...]me, which was for a long time, & the course of my life vnlike to yours, [Page] (I hauing liu'd in pursute of honours) permitted not, that our mindes might with stronger knot be vnited through conuersation. Neuerthelesse, I knew well your good affection towards mee many yeares before the ciuill warre, when Caesar was in Gallia. For you procured, that he wisht me well; honored me; and held me for his owne: the which you thought, could not but turne to my great benefit, and to Caesar himselfe rather profitable then otherwise. I omit, many things, which in those times, we were wont most familiarly to talke of, write of, and communicate. Because there are other poynts of farre greater consideration. I remember also that in the beginning of the ciuill war, when you went towards Brundusium, to finde out Caesar, you came to me in Formianum. First, what esteeme ought to be made of this onely demonstration, especially in those times? Then, doe you imagine, I can forget your discourse; councell; and affection? At which, I remember, Trebatius was present. Neither are your letters out of my mind, which you sent vnto me, at that time when I came to meete Caesar, (if I be not deceiued,) in the territory of Trebula. Then ensued that time, when I was constrained either by the zeale of mine honour, my dutie, or fortune, to goe to Pompeius. What office, [Page] or fauour left you vnperformed, eyther towards me absent, or my friends present. Whom did all my friends finde more kind to me, and them, then your selfe? I came to Brundusium: Now thinke you, that I haue forgotten with what celeritie you came flying to me, so soone as you knew it, from Tarentum? How great loue shewed you me, in your societie; discourse; and rectification of my minde; which was ouerlayed with extreame affliction, for the miseries of my countrey? Finally we began againe, to be resident together in Rome, where, in matters of great consequence, about the manner, how I should proceed with Caesar, according to your aduise, I demeaned my selfe. And in other offices, you did afford this fauour to Caesar, and my selfe onely; to come daily to our houses; and often to spend many houres, in acceptable discourse. At which time, if you remember, you vrged me to write these Treatises of Philosophie. And after Caesars returne, you intended nothing more effectually, then to make me domesticall with him: Which you obtained. Now, to what end haue I made this discourse, larger then I thought to haue done? For this respect; because I much wondred, that you who cannot but remember these things, could beleeue, that I had wronged our friendship. [Page] For besides these which I haue related, which are cleare, and euident, I haue many secret passages, which with words, I can scarcely explicate. Your whole carriage giues me satisfaction; but aboue all, I am best pleased, partly [with] your singular fidelitie in friendship; your councell; grauitie; and constancie: and partly [with] your mirth; humanitie; and learning. Wherefore now I returne to your complaint. First, I did not thinke, you had giuen your consent to that Law. Th [...]n; had I so thought, [yet] I should neuer haue thought, you had done it, without some iust occasion. Your dignitie is so eminent, that all mens eyes are fixed on you; and mens malignitie is the cause, that there is more liberall speech of you, then were befitting. And, if you doe not heare of these mutterings, I know not what to say. I, for my part, when it is my chance to heare them; defend you so farre, as I am sure, you are wont, to defend me against my aduersaries. And I defend you two wayes. Some things there are, which I am accustomed absolutely to denie: as particularly; for this giuing of your voyce: some, which I demonstrate that you haue out of zealous loue, and tendernesse performed: as in that, about the charge of publicke sports. But you, who are most learned, know well, that [Page] if Caesar were a King, as I suppose he was, you may for the office you vndergoe be both praysed, and blamed: praised; because your faith, and humanitie is to be commended, for louing your friend after death; which reason I am wont to vse: blamed; because our Countries libertie should be preferred before the life of a friend; vpon which your aduersaries ground themselues. I much desire, that the controuersies I haue had about these clamors, might be related to you. But amongst others, there are two speciall particularities in your commendation; which no man infe [...]s more willingly, or oftner then my selfe: which is, that you perswaded more then any other, that the ciuill warre might be withstood, and the victorie moderated. Wherein I neuer found any m [...]n, that was not of my opinion. Wherefore I thanke our Treba [...]ius, who was the cause, that I wrote vnto you these letters. To which if you giue no credite, you must needs iudge me very discourteous, and inhumaine: which would wōdrously displease me; and differ much from your owne disposition. Farewell.

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Caius Matius to Cicero. Epist. 28.

I Tooke great contentment in your letters; because I vnderstood, that you retaine that opinion of me, which I hoped, and wished you should haue. Whereof, though I no waies doubted; yet in that I made grea [...] reckoning, that it might be entirely preserued, it did a little touch me. 'Tis true, that I was priuie to my selfe, that I had committed nothing, that could offend the minde of any honest man. And therefore I did the lesse beleeue, that, you being adorned with infinite and excellent sciences, would be rashly perswaded to any thing; especi [...]lly knowing well, that I euer did, and doe beare you singular affection. Which, hauing succeeded, as I wisht; I will [...]nswer to the false oppositions, against which you haue oftentimes defended me: performing an office, answerable to your most ingenuous condition, and worthy of our amitie. For I know what matters they obiected against me since the d [...]ath of Caesar. They accuse me, because I lament the death of a great friend, and that I am afflicted, because a man is slaine whom I loued: aff [...]rming that my countrie should be [...] [Page] before any fri [...]ndship: as if they had alreadie made triall, that such a death was beneficiall to the Commonwealth. But I will not argue subti [...]lie. I confesse, tha [...] for mine owne part, I cannot perceiue it; and that I am not yet arriued to this height of wisedome. Neither did I follow Caesar in ciuill discord: but in that he was my friend, though the course displeased me, yet would I not abandon him. Neither, did I euer approue the ciuill warre, much lesse the occasion thereof: hauing in the very infancie o [...] it, applied all my endeuour, to extinguish it. And therefore in his victorie, though he was that great friend vnto me, that he was: I was neith [...]r delighted with honour, or monie. Of which rewards, others were insatiable, whose power was lesse with him, then mine was. And, on the other side; my goods by Caesars law, were damag [...]d: and by my fauour most of them, that reioyce at Caesars death, obtain'd, that they might liue in their countrie. That the cittizens who were vanquished, might be pardoned, I laboured no lesse th [...]n for mine owne safetie. I therefore, who laboured for eue [...]y mans pre [...]eruation, should I not greeue for his death, from whom I purchas'd it? especially being hated for their occasion, who murdred him? You shall therefore, vndergoe the penaltie, [Page] (say they) because you dare question that, that we haue acted: Oh pride, neuer heard of! that some may vaunt in their impietie, [and] others cannot so much as mourne without their ouerthrow. And yet in all ages, seruants haue beene allowed, to feare, to reioyce, and to grieue, rather when they sawe good, then any other. The which libertie, they now, which make profession, to haue giuen it vs, (for so they often report) seeke violently to depriue me o [...], by threatnings. But they labour in vaine. There shall be no danger so terrible, that shall make me halt in my dutie, or humanitie. For I haue alwaies held, that an honorable death, should neuer be auoided, but rather oftentimes desired. But why should they be angrie with me, for desiring them to repent them of what they had committed? I confesse, I would haue euery man to be greeued for the death of Caesar. Oh, But I am enioyned by the office of a good Cittizen to desire the safetie of the Commonwealth. That this desire is in me, if it be not knowne without my relating it, both by those things which h [...]eretofore I haue effected, and by those which heereafter I hope to performe; I am content that in defendiug mine owne causes, words may not auaile me. Therfore I earnestly entreat [Page] you, that you will conceiue better of my reasons, [...]hen I am able to vtter them: and that you will thinke, if you be of opinion, that it is a good thing to doe well, that I can hold no m [...]nner of commerce with bad men. Were it peraduenture fit [...]or me, now, that I am laden with yeares, to goe out of that path, wherein I haue led my youth, which carryeth with it some excuse for error? shall I againe n [...]w mould my selfe? This error I will not commit: nor will I doe any thing that may displease. Except I doe lament the vnhappie fortune of my dearest friend, and so great a personage. And if I were of an other minde, I would neuer denie it: least that, besides my being re [...]puted wicked in offending, I might be thought timerous, and a false dissembler: T [...]ue it is, that I had the cha [...]ge, of the publike shewes, which Caesar the little youth made in honor of Caesars victorie. But this had re [...]pect to a particular office, not to the state of the Common-wealth. In which charge notw [...]thstanding, both for the memoriall I reserue of so great a [...]riend, and for the desire I haue to honour him thus dead as he is, I could not be deficient. And the you [...]h of such great hopes, and so worthie of Caesar, requesting me ther [...]unto, I was constrained to accept of it. I also went many times [Page] to the house of Antonius the Con [...]ull [...] to salute him: to whom, you shall finde, that euen they, which este [...]me me little affected [...]owards my countrey, resorted daily, only to craue of him, or carry aw [...]y something. But what an arrogancie is this? That Caesar did neuer forbid me, to conuerse with whom I thought good, and euen with persons whom he loued not; and these men that haue bere [...]u [...]d mee of my friend, by carping, or reprehending me, doe their worst to enforce me, nor to loue them that I like well of? But I know I haue hitherto liued so modestly, that heereafter euill tongues shall be little able to defame me: and, that also they who loue me not, because I still perseuer in louing Caesar, would rather [...]ish to meete with friends, like me, then like themselues. For my part, if things fall out conformable to my desire; I meane to passe so much of my life as remaines, quietly at Rhodes: but if it so happen that any accident disturbe me, I will remaine in Rome, and remaine there alwaies, wishing that they may doe well. I giue great thankes to our Trebatius; because he plainely declared vnto me, how your minde stood towards me: which I discerne to be full, of sinceritie, and affection: and, because he was the occasion, that I hauing euer willingly loued you, [Page] should now also be further tyed, both to honour, and respect you. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Oppius. Epist. 29.

I being, as our At [...]icus knowes, very doubt [...]ull about this iourney. In that, my minde on ei [...]her side suggested many r [...]asons: your iudgement, and coun [...]ll greatly induced mee to deliberate, and make my resolution. For you both plainely wrote vnto mee what your opinion therein was; and A [...]ticus related that vnto mee, which you had spoken vnto him th [...]reof. I euer tooke you to bee wise in deliberating, and very faithfull in aduising: and I haue had good exp [...]rience thereof, when, in the beginning of the ciuill warre, I requiring you by letters, that you would aduise mee what I should doe, either in going to Pompeius, or remaining in Italie: you perswaded mee to doe that, that stood best with mine honour. By which I perceiued, what your opinion was [Page] therein: and I admired that you were of so great fideli [...]ie, and in adui [...]ing mee [...]o hon [...]st a man; [...]or, you thinking that the contrarie was desired by him that was your best friend, you had greater r [...]spect to my office, then his will, or pleasure. Certainely, before this fell out, I loued you: and euer knew that my selfe was by you beloued. And when I was absent, and stood in great danger, I remember, that in my absence yo [...] defended mee with great care, vsing the like humanitie, to all mine that were in Rome: and after my returne, how domesticallie you liued with mee, and what opinion I retained of you, and what things I diuulged: all those that usuallie looke into such actions, can truelie testifie. But how faithfull in louing you, and how constant you reputed mee, you then euidently shewed, when after Caesars death, you betooke you whollie vnto mine acquaintance. Which opinion of yours, i [...] I by my dearest loue, and best offices doe not acknowledge, I shall not repute my selfe a man. Perseuer you, my Oppius in louing me, (although doubtlesse I write this vnto you, not that I thinke you stand in neede of any such remembrance, but because it is vsuall to write thus) and take all my affaires, into [Page] your protection. Whereof, that you may be fully informed, I haue giuen commission to Atticus. And when I shall be at better leisure, I will write vnto you more at large. Be carefull of your health. [For] you cannot doe me a greater pleasure.

THE TWELFTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 1.

BE assured Cassius, that I neuer cease to think vpon you, and our Brutus, that is, of the whole Cōmonwealth; which hath reposed all her hope, in you, and Decimus Brutus. And certainly from this time forward, I begin to conceiue better hopes: seeing may Dolabella hath performed such materiall seruice to the Common-wealth. For that euill, which sprung vp in the Citie, [Page] continually dispersed it s [...]lfe, and euerie day so encreased, that for my part, I held both the Citie, and the peace of Citizens, vtterly lost. But it is so stop't, that, as for that reprochfull danger, I suppose, wee may liue for euer secure. Other th [...]ngs, that yet remaine to bee acted, are important and many: but you must be the man, that must effect them al: Though we are intentiue to dispatch those, which are of greatest moment. For, touching that which hath hitherto beene done; wee haue freed our selues of the King; but not of the Kingdom. For, though the King be slaine, yet we put all that in execution, which the King appointed to be performed. And not onely this; but some things also, which hee himselfe, if hee had liued, would not haue acted; wee approue because hee designed them. And of this, I know not when wee shall see an end. New Lawes are propounded: exemptions are granted: great taxes imposed: banished men are restored: [and] false decrees of the Senate are produced: so as it seemes, that the hatred onely of that wicked man, and the greefe of seruitude is remoued; but the Common-wealth is still torment [...]d with those troubles, whereinto hee brought her. Of all these things, you must make an end, of necessitie; and not suppose, that the Common-wealth [Page] hath had alreadie from you what was sufficient. Shee hath indeed so much, as I would neuer haue hoped for: but shee is not content with this: and the greatnesse of your benefit and courage considered, shee expects, and desires frō you, greater matters. Hitherto, with the death of the Tyrant, and by your meanes, she is reuenged of her iniuries: but which of her ornaments hath shee recouered? Take you, peraduenture, these for ornamen [...]s, that shee obeyes him dead, whom liuing shee could [...]ot support? or, that wee defend his writings; whose Lawes we ought to abrogate? you'l tell me, we so determined. It is true: But wee did it, to giue way vnto the times, which in a Common-wealth, are of great [...]or [...] But some, bearing themselues indiscreetly, and vngratfully, assume too much securitie, vpon our courtesie. Of which, and manie other things, wee will shortly discou [...]se at our meeting In the meane while, perswade your selfe, that I, both in respect of the Common-wealth, which was euer most d [...]a [...]e vn [...]o me, as also for the loue we beare one another: haue an especiall care of your dignity. Looke vnto your heath. Farewell.

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Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 2.

I Am verie glad, that my sentence, and Oration, giues you content. The which, if I could often vse, it would be no great labour to vs, to re-establish the Common-weal [...]h in l [...]bertie. But this foolish, and debauched companion, (and a wicked [...] wretch, then hee was, of whom you we [...]e won [...] to say, that there was sl [...]ine an impious man,) se [...]kes all meanes to procure a murder: and hee doth, for no other end charge me, th [...]t I plo [...]ted Caesars death; but because the old souldiers might rise vp against mee. Which danger no wayes daunts me; so that I may also purchase praise for that, which you most gloriously haue [...]ffected. A [...]d thus, neither Piso, who was [...]he first that spake against him, without anie man to second him; nor I, who a [...]onth after, did the like; nor Publius Ser [...]lius, who spake after me; can secur [...]ly goe into the Senate. For, that b [...]oudie fellow vseth all mean [...]s, to p [...]ocu [...]e some slaughter: and, the xx. of Se [...]tember, he thought to begin with mee. And I can tell you, he cam [...] prouided i [...]to the Senate, hauing for manie d [...]ies, in Metellus vill [...]ge, w [...]ll conside [...]ed that, which hee [Page] meant to vtter against me. But, what sound consultations could hee haue amiddest wine, and brothels? and therfore euerie one thought, as before I wrote vnto you, that after his accustomed manner, hee would haue vomited, and not declaimed. Therefore, whe [...]as you write, that you trust, that some good may be done by our authoritie, and eloquence: in truth, some benefit, in r [...]spect of so many euils, hath beene alreadie wrought. For, the people of R [...]me know, that there are three consular persons, who, for hauing spoken freely, what they thought behoouefull for the Common-wealth, cannot securely goe into the Senate. Neither must you expect any thing else. For, your greatest friend ioyes wholly in his new affinitie. So that, he cares no more for sports: and he hu [...]sts for enuie, seeing the fauour, which the people, with cheerfull shouts, [...]ord your brother. That other kinsm [...]n, is also pacified by the [...]ew Comment [...]i [...]s of Caesar. These things are toler [...]bl [...]: But this is insuppo [...]table; that there is one, who persw [...]des himselfe, tha [...] in your yeere his son should bee Consull; and for this cause, he seemes diligently to court this villaine. Lucius Cotta, my familiar friend, through a certaine fatall des [...]aire, as he sai [...]h, comes not much into the S [...]nate. Lucius Caesar, an excellent, [Page] and valiant Citizen, is hindred by sicknesse. Seruius Sulpitius, who is of great [...]steeme, and desirous of the generall good, is not in Rome: the o [...]hers, ex [...]ept those elected, pardon mee, if I terme them not Consula [...]es you know, who are the principall defenders of the Senate; who, if the Common-wealth were peaceable, were but a f [...]w: but, fewer now, when she is in molesta [...]ion. Wherefore, all hope lies in you; [...]he which, notwithstanding, [...]es not in you neither, if you remaine far off, for your securitie; but if you en [...]er i [...]to any enterprise worthie of [...]our glorie; I would it might be comp [...]ssed, wit [...] our safetie: If not; yet this is most [...]rt [...]ine, that by your meanes the Commonwealth in shor [...] time shall be able to recouer her former beeing I [...]i [...]her am, no [...] will be wanting to y [...]ur friends: w [...]o [...] whe [...]her they seeke m [...]e, or not, I w [...]ll discharge [...]hose office [...], [...]or your sake, which may beseeme the trust, and loue I beare you. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 3.

YOur friend doth euerie day more then other, shew his m [...]dnesse [...]nd bestialitie. First, in the Statua, that h [...] [Page] erected in the Rostra, he hath in grauen these words. TO OVR BEST DESERVING PARENT. So that men thinke, th [...]t you haue not onely committed homicide; but that you haue betrayed your Countrey. Why doe I say, you? I should say, wee: for that furious fellow affirmes, that I was the Ring [...]leader of that your notable seruice. I would I had beene: he should not now haue thus molested vs. But this concern [...]d you. Which, seeing it happened not. I would to God I had counsell to giue you. But yet I doe not see, what I should doe my selfe; and what can bee attempted against force, without force? And all their designe is this, of Caesar. Whereupon he, being by Canu [...]ius, conducted to speake vnto the people, the second day of October: in veri [...] truth departed disgracefully. But yet he vttered [ [...]uch] things of you, who haue preserued your Countrey, as should h [...]ue beene deliuered of one, that had betrayed it. Of my selfe hee spake this; that hee was most assured, that, as you heretofore; so now, Canu [...]ius did all things by my directions. The rest, how it is, iudge by this; that they haue t [...]ken away the prouision [...]rom your Legate, which is vsually al [...]owed, for his iourney. What is their meaning, thi [...]ke you, in doing this? Vn [...]oubtedly, that he is the Legat, not of a [Page] friend, but of an enemie to the Common-wealth. Oh wonderfull miserie! We could not support the Master: and now we serue our fellow-se [...]uant. And yet, for all this, (though I desire more then I can hope for) there still remaines some hope in your valour. But where are the men? I conceale the rest: and leaue it to your selfe to bee considered. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 4.

I Would you had inuited mee to that supper, on the xv. of March; not a dish of meat should haue remained. Now your reliques disturbe mee, more then anie man else. We haue Consuls of singular valour, but bad Consulars; the Senate is verie resolute, but those that are most resolute, haue least au [...]horitie. You can desire no more of the people: they are most valiant, and singularly well enclined; and so is all Italy. On the contrarie, Philippus and Piso, Ambassadours, beare themselues after such a fashion; as there was neuer any thing more brutish, or impious [For] [...]eing sent to Antonius, to propound some things vnto him, in the behalfe of the [Page] Senate; and he not willing to perform any of them: they, without the Senates order accepted from him, and brought vs intolerable demands. And therefore euerie one hath recourse to me; and at length, in matte [...] of publique safetie, I haue the loue, and concourse of the people. But from you, I had no aduertisements, neither what you did, or intended to doe, nor where you were. The rumour was, you were in Syria, but there was no certaintie thereof. Of Brutus, not being so farre off, the newes that come seeme truer. Dolabella hath beene much blamed by men of vnderstanding, because hee so suddenly sought for the gouernment o [...] Syria, your Prouince; you hauing not beene there full thirtie dayes. Wherefore, euerie man was of opinion; that he should not be receiued by you there. Great commendation is ascribed to you, and Brutus; because men iudge, that you haue, beyond all hope, raised an Armie. I would write more at large, if I knew how things stood, and in what estate you were. And what I now write vnto you, I write out of the opinion of men, and according to fame. I desirously expect your letters. Farewell.

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Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 5.

I Suppose, that hitherto the winter hath beene some hinderance, that we could not heare certainely, what you did; and least of all, where you were: neuerthelesse, euerie one affirmed, (out of their desire, as I suppose) that you were in Syria, and had forces. Which, was the more easily beleeued, in that it seemed probable. Our Brutus hath made [...]urchase of singular praise: hauing performed such great ma [...]ters, and so far beyond the opinion of all men; tha [...], besides their being acceptable of themselues; they are, for the expedition vsed therein, much more welcome. Wherefore, if those places bee in your power, which wee suppose; the Common-wealth is fortified with great defences. For, euen from the first limits of Greece, as far as Aegypt, wee shall be assisted, by excellent Citizens, that gouerne those quarters; and by their people. Although (in my opinion) matters were at that passe; that all the danger of the warre seemed to bee in Decimus Brutus: and we hoped, that hee would free himselfe from the asseige, by which hee is inuironed; and valiantly come out into the field; which, if it fall out, [Page] the war will be thought ended. Howsoeuer, he was now at length beleaguered but by a few men. For, Antonius had a great garrison in Bononia; and at Claterna, was our Hirtius; and Caesar, at F [...]rum Cornelium, both of them with a great Armie: and Pa [...]sa had in Rome, leuied many men, which were raised in Italie by choice. The winter was an impediment, that as yet, the enterprise was not attempted. Hirtius made shew, as by frequent letters hee signifies to me; that hee would doe nothing, but deliberately. Except Bononia, Regium in Lombardie, and Parma, we had Gaul [...] wholly deuoted to the Common-wealth. And the Transpadani, your Clients, stood wonderfully for vs. The [whole] Senate, (besides the Consulares,) was most resolued: of whom, there is onely Lucius Caesar, that is most constant, and who aimes directly at the publique good. Wee haue lost a great stay, [...]y the death of Seruius Sulpitius [...] The others, are partly hollow-hearted, and in part maleuolent: Some enuie their praise, whom they see commended in the Common-wealth. But the people of Rome, and all Italie, are wonderfully vnited. These breefly were the matters, with which I desired you might bee acquainted. Now I desire, that from those Easterne parts, the light of your valor may be resplendent. Farewell.

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Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 6.

HOw things stood, when I wrote you these letters, you may vnderstand from Caius Tidius Strabo, an hohonest man, and verie well enclined to the Common-wealth; and to you, so affected, that onely to come, and finde you out, hee hath abandoned his house and substance. And therfore it is needlesse, that I should recommend him to you; his comming may bee a sufficient recommendation. As for our affaires, you are to imagine, and perswade your selfe thus much, that all good mens [...]uge [...]es in you, and Marcus Brutus; if it fortune, that things succeed not in Italy, as they were wished; which God forbid. When I wrote th [...]se letters to you, matter [...] were reduced to their last triall. Fo [...], Brutus could now no longer keepe himselfe in Mutina. Who being preserued, the victorie is ours: if not [...] which God grant otherwise; wee will all flye to you, as to the hauen of safetie. Wherfore, you must take vpon you so great a courage, and make such preparation, as is necessary for the recouerie of the Common-wealth. Farewell.

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Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 7.

WIth what care, both in the Senate, and with the people, I haue defended your honour, I had rather you should vnderstand from other friends, then from my selfe. Which sentence of mine, in the Senate, would easily haue preuailed, if Pansa had not violently opposed it. This sentence being deliuered, Marcus Seruilius, Tribune of the people, brought mee to speake vnto the assembly. I deliuered of you, what I could, in the audience of so great a multitude, as the Forum was able to containe; with such a shout, and consent of the people, as I neuer saw the like I desire that you would pardon me, though I did in this against the will of your mother in law. She, being fearefull, as women are wont to bee, doubted lest Pansa might haue beene offended. True it is, that Pansa speaking to the people, alledged, that your mother, and your brother, were not willing, that I should haue denounced such a sentence. But I was not moued with these things: my minde was of another matter: I sought the good of the Common-wealth, which I euer affected, together with your honour, and [Page] estimation. But of that, which I both largely discoursed, in the Senate, and deliuered to the people; I would haue you, to acquit my promise. For, I haue promised, and in a manner confirmed; that you neither did, nor would expect our decrees; but that of yourselfe, according to your custome, you would defend the Common-wealth. And though wee had not yet vnderstood, either where you were, or what Forces were with you: yet I presupposed, that all the Forces, and people, of those quarters, were in your power. And I held for certaine, that the Prouince of Asia, was ere this, by your means recouered. Now beare your selfe so, that in augmenting your owne glorie, you goe beyond your selfe. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 8.

AMongst other aduertisements, which you haue of the proce [...] dings of Rome, I think you haue vnderstood, of the wickednesse, extreme leuitie, and inconstancie of your kinsman Lepidus. Which was the cause, that whereas wee iudged, the warre to haue beene ended, now wee are enforced, [Page] to war, more then euer. All our hope consists in Decimus Brutus, and in Plancus: but, to speake truth, we haue greater in you, and in my Brutus; hoping that you will not onely preserue vs, if matters here, which God forbid, succeed not; but also establish vs in perpetuall libertie. We heard of Dolabella, that which we desired: but we had no certainetie thereof. For your selfe, be out of doubt, that hitherto you are reputed, a great man: and it is expected, that hereafter likewise, you will make your selfe, knowne for such. Proposing thus much vnto your selfe, labour to come on a pace, to the height of enterprises. The people of Rome, are of o [...]inion, that there is nothing, but may by you be compassed, and obtained. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 9.

THe breuitie of your letters will be the cause, that I also shall be briefe in writing. And, to speake truth, I h [...]ue not much whereof to write; knowing assuredly, that the proceedings of Rome, are related vnto you, by the ordinarie [Page] aduises; and of yours, in these parts, we heare nothing. For as if Asia, were on euery side shut vp, there come no aduertisements vnto vs, but onely a rumor, that Dolabella is vanquished: which hitherto is not verified: though they still talke thereof. When wee supposed the warre ended, vpon a suddaine through your Lepidus, we are fallen againe into exceeding great trouble. And the greatest hop [...] the Common-wealth hath, is in you, and your people. True it is, that we haue mightie armies: neuerthelesse, though all things should succeed, as I hope, happily, [y [...]t] it much impo [...]ts that you come [hither,] for, the hope of the Common-wealth, is but little: I will not say, none at all. But, what is, men looke it should take effect, in the yeare of your Consulship. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 10.

LEpidus your kinsman; [and] my familiar friend; together with others, that revolted against the Common-wealth; were, by common consent of the Senate, the last of Iune, denounced rebells. To whom notwithstanding, [Page] all August was graunted to be thinke themselues. The Senate, questionlesse, is full of courage, and the rather by reason of the hopes they conceiue of your succour. The warre at the writing hereof was very hot: for which we may [...]hanke the wickednesse, and inconstancie of Lepidus. We heare euery day that newes, which we desire of Dolabella. But as yet they haue no ground; nor come they from any person worthie of credite. There is onely a muttering thereof amongst the multitude. Neuerthelesse, by the informations of your letters, written from the Campe the seuenth of May; the Cittie was of firme beliefe, that he was by this time suppressed. And that you would come into Italie with your Armie. To the end, that if things here had the same issue, which we desired, we might employ your councell, and authoritie: But if through hard Fortune, they were doubtfull, as it ordinarily falls out in warres; we might be assisted by your armie; which I will helpe to the best preferment I am able. About which, it will then be a fit time to negotiate, when it shall be knowne what ayde it will [now] afford the Common-wealth, and what formerly it hath afforded. For hitherto, their endeuours onely haue beene heard of; extraordinary doubtlesse, and generous: but, the [Page] effect is that, that is expected. Which, I trust, hath in some sort alreadie succeeded: or will succeede very shortly. For valour, and magnanimitie you are aboue all men esteemed. And therefore we desire out of hand to see you in Italie. If we haue but you, we shall thinke we haue a Common-wealth. The warre had beene altogether finished, if Lepidus had not receiued Antonius, who disarm'd, and spo [...]led, tooke his heeles. Whereupon, Antoniu [...] was neuer so hatefull to the Cittie, as Lepidus is at this present. For the one raysed warre in the troubles of the Cōmon-wealth; the other in her peace, and victorie. Against this man, we haue Decimus; and Plancus, elected Consulls. In whom, great hopes are conceiued [...] But the vncertaine issue of Battailes, makes vs remaine very doubtfull. Be therefore perswaded, that all lyes vpon you, & Brut [...]s. And, that you are bo [...]h expected; but Brutus hourely. And, though, as I hop [...], your enemies will be vanquished before [...]ou come; yet, by your authoritie, the Common-wealth will get vp againe, and settle her selfe in some estate, that shall be tollerable. For there are many things which must be look [...]t vnto, when it fortuneth, that the common weal [...]h, shall be wholly free'd from the daunger of her wicked'st enemi [...]s. [...]arewell.

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Caius Cassius Vice-consull, to Cicero. Ep. 11.

IF you be in health, it pleaseth me: I am healthfull. I giue you notice, that I am gone into Syria, to se [...]ke Lucius Marcus, & Quintus Crispu [...], Imperator's. Who, when they had heard in what agitation things were at Rome; as excellent, and valiant Cittizens, they gaue into my hands their Armi [...]s: and couragiously, together with me, they apply themselues vnto the seruice of the Common-wealth. And I further aduertise you, that the Legion, that Quintu [...] Caecilius B [...]ssus had, is come to me. And that Aulus Allienus h [...]th consigned ouer the foure Legions which he conducted out of Aegypt, to me also. Now, I cannot imagine it to be anie wayes needfull, for me to exhort you to defend the common-wealth, and vs, so far a [...] is requisite. I desire you should vnderstand, that powerfull aydes are not wanting, eyther to you, or to the Senate. Wherefore, with cheerefull hopes, and great courage goe on, to defend the Common-wealth. About the rest, Lucius Carteius, a friend of mine, shall conferre with you. Farewell. This fi [...]t of March. From the Camp's amongst the Taricheae.

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Caius Cassius Vi [...]e-consull, to Cicero. Ep. 12.

IF you be in health, I am glad; my selfe am so. I redde your letters, wherein I perceiue your singular loue towards me. For, you seeme not onely to fauour vs; as, in respect of the common-wealth, and for our owne sakes you euer did: but further; to be verie carefull in our behalfe, and to remaine much perplexed. Whereupon, I supposing you thought, that while the Common-wealth was supprest, we could haue no repose; and that you were much troubled, in that you doubted of our safetie: I had no sooner receiued the Legions, which Aulus Allienus conducted out of Aegypt, but I presently wrote vnto you; and sent many post's to Rome. I also wrote vnto the Senate; but, I appoynted that my letters should not be presented, till you had red them, if my people haue obserued what I commaunded. But, in case my letters haue not beene safely deliuered; I am sure, that Dolab [...]lla, (which killing Trebonius by trecherie, hath possessed all Asia) hath taken my Corrier's, and intercepted them. All [...]he Armies which were in Syria, are in my power. I haue beene somewhat slow in paying [...]he [Page] souldiers what I promised; [yet] now at length, I find my selfe ridde of care. But, because you know, that I haue refused no perill, nor labour in the seruice of the Common-wealth; And that perswaded, and aduised by you, I haue taken vp Armes, against a faction of wi [...]ked rebels; and that I haue not onely assembled an armie, in defence of the Common-wealth, and libertie; but also taken it by force from most cru [...]ll tyrants; (whereof, if Dolabella had bin Commander, he would haue encreased the forces of Antonius; not onely by his going; but with the fame, and expectation of his armie:) let me intreat you to take mine honour to your protection. And, if you conceiue, that the deserts of the souldiers towards the Common-wealth be of exceeding importance: for this, and the causes before alledged, be carefull to ayde, and fauour them. And so procure, that no man may repent him of choosing rather to follow the Common-wealth; then hope of spoyle, and rapine. In like manner, take vnder your pro [...]ection, so far as in you lyes, the honour of Marcus, and Crispus, Imperator's. For, that retchlesse Bassus, would not assigne ouer vnto me his Legion. So that, if the souldiers in despight of him, had not sent me Ambassadors; he would haue kept Apamea beleaguered till by maine [Page] force, it had beene taken. This I request of you, not onely for the Common-wealth's sake, which was euer most deare vnto you; but also in regard of our amitie; which I assure my selfe, you greatly estimate. And be secure, that, this Armie which I haue, is for the seruice of the Senate, and euery honest man, but principally for your selfe. And it both loues, and esteemes you, hearing daily of the affection which you beare it: but if it vnderstand that yo [...] are carefull of their profit, it will also thinke it selfe bound to doe what it is able in your behalfe. After the writing hereof, I heard that Dolabella was come into Cilicia, with his forces. I will make towardes him, and endeuour to certifie you of the issue. I would fortune would graunt me such happinesse, as is answerable to my deserts towards the Common-wealth. Looke to your health, and loue me. From the Campe this seuenth of May. Farewell.

Caius Cassius to Cicero. Ep. 13.

I Hope you are in good health, as I was at the writing hereof. First, wee reioyce for the safetie; and victorie of [Page] the Common-wealth; and then, in that your praises are euery day renewed. For, you proouing a powerfull Consular, and greater then when you were Consull, you haue gone beyond your selfe. Whereat wee doe reioyce, but cannot sufficiently wonder. There is annexed to your vertue, something that is fatall, which we haue now many times discerned by experience. For your gowne is more fortunate, then th'armes of other men. Which at this present also, hath wrung the Commonwealth, out of the hands of enemies, and restored it. Now, therefore we shall liue in libertie. Now, we shall haue you, most eminent Cittizen; and my dearest, and (in the aduersities of the Common-wealth) approued friend, I say, we shall now haue you, a testimonie of our loue, both to your selfe, and to the Common-wealth, which is so neere vnto you. And those things, which you haue many times promised, both to conceale, while wee were in seruitude; and to disclose in my behalfe then, when they might be auailable: I now, desire not so much that you should vtter them: as that your selfe would but repute them what they are. For I more esteeme of your iudgement then any mans whatsoeuer: neither desire I that you should commend mee aboue my deserts. [Page] And these our last exployts will not I hope, seeme dissonant from the rest; nor performed vnaduisedly, and without counsell: but conformable to those cogitations, whereof you are witnesse. Wherefore, you ought to adde no little to my esteeme, that my countrie may entertaine the best hope of me. You haue O Marcus Tullius, children, and neighbours beseeming you; and to you wor [...]hilie most deare. You must also in the Commonwealth, next af [...]er these, make a deare esteeme of those persons, who are emulous of your studies. Of which I desire there may be many; but yet I thinke not, that they are in [...]o great a number, that I must be excluded; and that you haue no place left you, wherein you may embrace mee, and put mee vpon all things which concurre with your pleasure, and my desert. I haue peraduenture laide open my minde vnto you: but what my wit is, cannot through long seruitude, be perfectly apprehended. Wee haue, from the Maritime coast's of Asia, and the Islands, taken all the shipping we could. The presse of such as were to rowe, though with great opposition of the Citties, was not long in compassing. We followed the Armada of D [...]labella; whereof Luciliu [...] was Admirall. Who oftentimes bearing vs in hand, that hee would vnite [Page] himselfe with vs; and oftentimes departing from vs; at length bare in with Corcyrus, and began to keepe himselfe within the port. Leauing it, wee went to Cyprus; because we thought it better to returne to the Campe, in that an other Naui [...] came after; which Tullius Cymber had the yeare before, gathered together in Bithynia, which was commanded by Turulius the Quaestor. And from thence; wee thought good with all speed, to giue you notice of what had happened. The Tarsenses most disloyall associats, and the Laodiceni farre more foolish, haue voluntarily call'd vnto them Dolobella. By the aide of which Citties [...] vp a kinde of armie, consisting of Graecian souldiers. He hath encamped his men before the towne of Laodicea, hee hath broken downe a part of the wall, and hath vnited his souldiers with the townes-men. Our Cassius, with tenne Legions, and twenty Cohorts of the League, and with foure thousand horse lyes within twenty myles of Palthos; and thinkes he may vanquish without comming to fight. Because Dolabella is already enforced to buye his wheate at three Tetradrachm's. And, if he cause no prouision thereof to be conueyed in by the shipping of Laodicea; hee must of necessitie be shortly famished. And, that he shall not be able to procure [Page] any such conueyance; by the great fleete of Cassius, which is vnder the gouernment of Sextilius Ru [...]us; and those three, which are vnder the conduct of my selfe, Turulius, and P [...] tichus; he will easilie be hindered. Be you therefore of good hope, and confident; that as you haue there d [...]liuered the Common-wealth; so wee, [...]or our parts, will therin vse all expedition. Farewell. From Cyprus, the 13. of Iune.

Lentulus, to his Cicero. Ep. 14.

HAuing met with our Brutus, and perceiuing that hee meant to make some stay, be [...]ore his comming into Asi [...]: I returned thither, to collect the remainder of my labours; and to send money forthwith to Rome. In the meane time I vnderstood, that Dolobella's Nauie was in Lycia. With better then an hundred great ships to embarque his armie. And that Dolobella had made these preparations, to the end, that if his hopes in Syria were frustrated, he might get aboord, and make for Italie; to ioyne with th'Antonij, and residue of Rebells. Whereof [Page] I was so fearefull, that laying aside all other care, with a few small shipping I made towards him. And, if the Rhodi [...] had not crossed me: I had peraduenture ended that businesse. Howso [...]uer, the greatest number of those ships were taken, and the whole Nauie discomfited. Through feare of our arriuall, the Captaines & souldiers fled: and we tooke all the great merchant ships, of what burden soeuer. I am assured, that I haue preuented Dolabella's comming with any Nauie into Italie, which I greatly feared; and I haue crost his vnion with his Companions, which might haue put you to some trouble. How greatly the Rhodij, despaired both of vs, and the Common-weal [...]h, by the publike letters which I haue sent, you may gather. And certainely I haue written lesse of their inraged disposition, then in effect I found it. But, that I haue written somewhat thereof, doe not wonder: Their follie is too palpable. Neither did any particular iniuries to my selfe, euer moue mee. Their bad practises against our safetie, their desire of following the factious; their standing out in defiance of euerie honest man; could not by me in reason be supported. And yet I esteeme them not all knaues. But the same parties, who neither receiued my father, when hee fled; nor Lucius L [...]tulus; nor [Page] Pompeius; nor other famous Captains; the verie same as it were ou [...] of destinie, are either now themselues in Magistracie; or else haue such therein, as are at their disposing. So that, persisting in doing euill, they shew the same arrogancie. And it is not onely profitable to our Common-wealth, but also necessarie, that such insolencie should bee chastised; which will grow greater, if by impunitie it be supported. As for our honor, I desire, you would haue a care thereof: and when you haue any occasion, either in the Senate, or in any other occurrent, vouchsafe to fauor me. Seeing Asia is deputed to the Consuls, and they permitted, that till they come themselues, they may place a Lieuetenant in the gouernment; entreat them, at my request rather to conferre this dignitie vpon my selfe then any other, and that they will constitute me Lieutenant, till either of them comes vnto their gouernment. For they haue no occasion to hasten their comming, or to send hither any Armie. For Dolobella is in Syria, and will, before these men come, be supprest by Cassius: as you diuinely foresaw, and did prognosticate. For Dolabella, being beaten from Antiochia; and in the assault he gaue, ill entreated; distrusting euerie other Citie, is retir'd to L [...]odic [...]a, which is vpon the coast of Syria. There I hope shortlie [Page] he will be rowsed, and hauing no place of refuge left him: nor being able to withstand so great an Armie, as that of Cassius; I make no doubt but that ere this time, he is defeated, and subdued. Whereupon I thinke Pansa, and Hirtius, need not hasten, in their Consulship to come vnto their Prouinces; but rather discharge their Consulship at Rome [...] wherefore if you request them, that I in the meane while, may haue the managing of Asia; I hope you may obtaine it. Besides, Pansa, and Hirtius promis'd mee by word of mouth, and afterwards wrote vnto me thereof, and Pansa affirmed as much to ou [...] Verrius, that he would procure, that during his Consulship, I should haue no successor. Yet I protest that I affect not this prorogation out of any desire I haue vnto the Prouince. For vnto me, it hath euer beene very troublesome, dangerous, and expensiue. But because I would not haue suffered in vaine, so many discommodities, and be vrged to depart from hence, before I reape the last fruites of my laborious industrie. For, if I could send home those somms which I had gathered; I would require a successor: but to get in that which I disboursed to Cassius; and that which we lost by the death of Trebonius; and by Dolabella's crueltie; or by their per [...]idious proceedings, who failed [Page] both me, and the Common-wealth, against the dutie of their allegeance: Which cannot bee done, without time. I am v [...]ged to desire, that you, as your custo [...]e is, would be a meanes, that I may haue this opportunitie. I hope, I haue so borne my selfe towards the Common-wealth, that in reason I may expect, not the benefit o [...] this Prouince, but as much as Cassius, and Brutus: not onely, in that I was an associate with them, in that same action, and daunger; but also because now, I am not wanting, in any valour, or industrie. For I was the first, that brake the lawes of Antonius; the first that drew Dolabella's Cauallerie, to take part with the Common-wealth; and that surrendred it to Cassius; the first to presse souldiers for generall safetie, against that most wicked conspiracie; and that onely vnited Syria, and the Armies that were there, with Cassius, and the Common-wealth. For, if I had not giuen so much treasure to Cassius; so many men; and with that expedition I did; he would neuer haue attempted to goe into Syria. Which if it had not beene, the Common-wealth should by this time haue had no lesse cause, to feare Dolabella, then Antonius. And all these things I did, notwithstanding, I was a familiar friend, and companion to Dolabella; and by neare affinitie [Page] allied to the Antonij; and had also by their meanes, gotten my Prouince. But because I bare greater loue to my countrie, I was the first that rais'd war against mine owne familiars. And though I finde, that for these things, I haue not hitherto, had any great recompence: Yet am I not altogether out of hope: nor will I hold it troublesome resoluedly to perseuer in the desire of libertie only: but in labour also, and in dangers. N [...]uerthelesse if, for the benefit of the Senate, and of all good men, I be also put forward, by some prouocation of iust, and lawfull glorie; wee shall bee in the greater authoritie with others, and consequently be able the more to assist the Commonwealth. When I was with Brutu [...], I could not see your son, because he was then gon wt the troups of horse to their assigned winter gua [...]ison [...] But, th [...]t he is so disposed, I [...]weare vnto you, I reioyce both for yours, and [...]or his, but especially for mine owne sake. For I hold him in the est [...]eme of a Br [...]th [...]r, because he is your sonne, and worthie of you. Farewell. From P [...]ga: the 29. of May.

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Publius Lentulus sonne to Publius, Vice-quaestor, and Vice-praetor; to the Consulls, Praetors, Tribunes, Senate, people, and Communaltie of Rome. Epist. 15.

DOlabella hauing by wicked means, oppressed Asia, I went into Macedonia, a neighbour Prouince: and to the Guarisons of the Commonwealth, which Marcus Brutus a renowned person, had vnder his gouernment: and I sought to bring to passe, that the prouince of Asia, and the impositions, might, by the meanes of persons, which could easily per [...]orme it, bee reduced within your authoritie. Whereof Dolabell [...], being very fearefull: and after his sacking of the Prouince, fingring the customes, but aboue all, most cruelly pillaging and selling all the Romaine cittizens, hee being so sodainely departed, that we could not in time come vp with our [...]orc [...]s: it was not fit for me, to so [...]ourne there any longer; or to expect supplies of souldiers. And I both thought it good ou [...] of hand to returne vnto my office, and to recouer the remainder of the [...]axations, and to get in, that money which [Page] I had collected: and besides this, presentlie to examine, wh [...]t summes had beene seazed on, and by whose negligence: that I might absolutely in [...]forme you of [...]he successe thereof. In the meane while, sayling amongst the Islands, which lay in my way to Asia, I being inform [...]d that D [...]lab [...]ll's Nau [...] was in Lycia, and that the Rhodij had diuers ships furnished, vnd [...]r saile, and in a readines: with that shipping, which partlie I brought with me, and in part was gathered by Patiscus [...]he vice Quaestor, (a person very inward with mee, both for the famil [...]aritie we haue had tog [...]ther, and for the affection we both ioyntlie beare to [...]he common-wealth,) I re [...]urned to Rhodes; being confident i [...] your au [...]horitie, and the Senates decree, by which you had proclaymed D [...]labella for an enemie: and building vpon the League, which Marcus Marcellus, and Seruius Sulpitius being Consulls, was renewed with the [...]hodij; wherein they had taken oath, that they would esteeme those enemies, which by the Senate, and people of Rome were so reputed [...] But we were much deceiued. For, they were so farre from furnishing vs with men, for the securitie of our Nauie: that euen at the entrie into th [...] [...]owne, at the Port, those habitations that were with [...]ut the Citie, denyed our souldiers [...] not onely sustenance, [Page] but very water: and wee our selues, with one smal [...] Barke, were scarcely en [...]ertained. Which indignitie, and disparagement of Maiestie, not only to my place, but also to the Empire and people of Rome, I for this cause digested; in that by intercepted letters wee vnderstood, that Dolabella, being out of all hopes of Syria, and Aegypt, resolued (as necessarily must [...]nsue) to embarque himselfe, with all his thee [...]sh followers, and with all the money, and so to com [...] [...]or Italie And that, for this effect, the great Merchants ships also, of which, there was none, that were of a lesser burthen then two thousand Amphorae, that were vnited in Lyci [...], were layd for, by his Armada. [...]oued (O conscript Fathers) wi [...]h the feare heere of; I the rather made choyce to support these iniuries: and though with our disgrace, first, to attempt all other meanes. Wherefore, being admitt [...]d into the Citt [...]e, and Senate, by their consent, I propounded the cause of the Commonwealth, with as great vehemencie, as I could: and set before them, all the danger, which would ensue, if that Rebell should with his associat's bee [...]mbarqued. But I [...] the Rhodij so peruerse, that they thought euery one more loyall then those th [...]t really were so. Neither did they beleeue, that there was such a [Page] concord, a [...]d vnion of all degrees, couragiously to defend Libertie: and were con [...]ident, that the Senate, and euery honest man would as yet bee patient; and that it was not possible, that any man should dare to denounce Dolabella [...]or a rebell. Finally, whatsoeuer was [...]alsely auer'd by these knaues, they held more true, then in e [...]fect it was: or then that, which wee could beate into them [...] Out of the same peruersitie also, before our comming, and after Treb [...]nius was so vnworthily murdred, and so many other wicked actions; two Embassies of theirs went to Dolabella; and certainely, without any presiden [...], contrary to their lawes, yea, and though they were prohibited by their Magistrates. Whether they did these things for feare, as they affirme of certaine territories which they hold within the continen [...], or out of a bad intention, or through the ouerswaying power of some few; which had also heeretofore vsed the same vil [...]anie to renowned men; and being at this present in highest dignities, would not by any example, either on your part, or ours that were pr [...]sent, though easily they might, neither pr [...]uent our present perill, nor that which menaced all Italie, and our citie; if that Traytor together with his th [...]uish associates, being [...]xpelled out of Asia, and Syria, had [Page] there arriued. Some also were [...]uspicious, that the said Magistrates, did but entertaine time, and delaie vs, while Dolabella's Fleet might bee aduertised of our comming. Which suspicion was the more confirmed, by some particulars which succeeded; especially, because Se [...]tus Marius; and Caius Titius, Dolab [...]lla's Legates departed suddainlie out of Lyci [...], from the Nauie; and in a Fust fled away. Leauing there, all the great shippes: in preparation and gathering of which, they had spent no small time, and labour. Wherefore, we comming from Rh [...]des into Lycia with such shipping as we had; we took the great shippes and restord them to their owners, and free'd our selues from the great feare which possessed vs, that Dolabella with his fellow rebells would haue made for Italie. The Nauie which gat away, we pursued as farre as Syda, which is the vttermost lymit of my Prouince. There I vnderstood, that one part of Dolabella's shipping was fled; and another gone into Syria, and Cyprus. I knowing that Caius Cassius, a famous Captaine, and Cittizen, was in Syria with a great Fleet in readinesse; re [...]urned to my charge: & wil endeuour (O conscript Fathers) to vse for you, and for the Common wealth, all officious care and diligence: & to recouer those summes of money, with the [Page] greatest possible expedition; and send them you, with all the accompts. When I haue runne ouer my Prouince, and haue notice, who haue beene faithfull to vs, and the Commonwealth; in preseruing the treasure by me layd vp, and who those wicked persons haue beene, that wilfully carried these publike moneys to Dolabella; I will thereof aduertise you. Against whom, if you finde it fitting, rigorouslie to proceede according to their desert, affording me that reputation, with your authoritie; I shall the more easilie be able, both to recouer the remainder of the Customs, and to preserue it being recouered. In the meane while, that I may the better hold the customes, and defend the Prouince from insultat [...]o [...]s, I haue dr [...]wen together, a necessarie guard of men, which offered themselues, o [...] their owne good will. When these le [...]ters were written, there came into Pamphilia about thirtie souldiers, that fled into Syria, of those that Dolabella had entertained in Asia. These men brought newes, that Dolabella was gone to Antiochi [...], which is in Syria, bu [...] that he was not there receiued; and striuing diuers times to enter thereinto by force, hee was euer repulsed with disaduantage. So that loosing about an hundred men, and leauing there diuers sicke persons, he fled by night from Antiochia [Page] towards Laodicea. And how in that might, all his Asiaticke souldiers left him: amongst which some eight hundred returned to Antiochia, and yeelded vp themselues, to those, which held that Citie for Cassius: the others by mount Ama [...]us, came downe into Cilicia: of which number, they likwise said they were. But, that it was reported, that Cassius, with all his people was about foure daies iourney from Laodice [...], when Dolabell [...] went thither. For which cause, I assuredly hope that this most wretched rebell will pay for his disloyaltie sooner then is expected. From Perga. The 2. of Iune.

Caius Trebonius to Cicero. Epist. 16.

I Arriued in Athens, the xxij of May, where to my infinite contentment I saw your sonne dedicated to the noblest studies; and in great [...]steeme for his modestie. Wherein, what pleasure I tooke, you may vnderstand without [Page] my telling you. For you know well, how much I value you: and how greatlie in respect of our ancient and and sincere loue, I reioyce at all your prosperities; much more at this so great an happines. Doe not suppose, my Cicero, tha [...] I deliuer this to you, to flatter you. Your youth, and therefore ours, (for I haue nothing but what is yours,) hath aboue all others, wonne the hearts of eue [...]y man that lyes in Athens; and is more then any man studious of those vertues, which yo [...] especiallie affect, and are most excellent. So that, in what I can truelie congratulate with you, I doe it willingly; and no lesse with my selfe, then you: that wee finde him, whom wee must what so [...]uer hee were, loue of necessitie; to be of such condidition that we may loue him wi [...]lingly. Discoursing with me, hee cast out a word, that he would see Asia; whereunto he was no [...] onely by me inuited, but entreated, that he would doe i [...]; especially, while I had the gouernment thereof. And you may be assured, that I will vse him with that deare affection, that your selfe would. I will also take order, that Cra [...]ipp [...] may come with him: to the end you may not thinke, that in Asia he neglects those studies, whereunto you haue exhorted him. I see him well dispos'd, and farre entred [Page] into a good way: neuerthelesse, I will not cease to encourage him therein, to the end, that day by day learning, and exercising himselfe, he may goe forward. At the date of these, I knew not what was done about the Common wealth I heard certaine rumors, the which God graunt, may be false; that once we may enioy a quiet libertie: which hitherto I neuer could. Notwithstanding, in my Nauigation, hauing found a little vacancy, I haue compounded a trifle, according to my manner, to present you with. And I haue collected together certaine sayings, deliuered by you, to my great honour, which I haue here vnder written. Wherein, if I seeme vnto you in some words a little too free; excuse me, in that he, against whom I speake, is such an one, as deserues worse, then I haue spoken. Let me request you also to pardon our choller, wc is but iust, against such men and Cittizens. And then, why should Lucilius rather be permitted to take vpon him this libertie, then my selfe? Considering, that if the hatred he ba [...]e to them, of whom he spake il, were [...]quall to mine; yet were not they, more worthy then this man, with so great a liberty of words, to be reproued. I looke you should presently introduce me, a speaker in your Dialogues, as you promised. And I am [Page] certaine, that in w [...]iting any thing of the death of Caesar; you will afford me, in that action, and your owne loue, no little portion. Farewell: and let me recommend my mother, and all mine vnto you. From Athens; the 25. of May.

Cicero to Quintus Cornificius his Colleague. Ep. 17.

THe memoria [...]l you retaine of mee, is according as you signifie in your le [...]ters, beyond measure to me acceptable; and I entreat you to preserue it; not that I any waies doubt the contrarie, but because it is the custome, to be thus [...]ollicitous. There's newes out of Syria, of certaine tumults, which [...] in that they a [...]e nearer to you, then vs, I am more so [...]rie for yours, then mine owne respects. Rome is in wonderfull quiet: but it were farre better, that it were busied in some beneficiall, and honoura [...]le [...]rau [...]iles; which, I hope will be; because I [...]e [...] Caesar hath a desire th [...]reunto, Vnderstand, that in your absence, I e [...]d [...]e very boldly, because me thinkes I may, you being absent: and [...]mong ma [...]y thi [...] which peraduenture would no [...] disl [...]k [...] you, I h [...]ue [Page] lately written of the perfect forme of speaking. Wherein, I thought many times, that you were somewhat discrepant from my opinion; after that manner that a learned man vseth to dissent, from one, that is, vnlearned. I would haue you first, commend this Booke, for it owne desert; and then, though you should thinke it deserues nothing; yet to doe me a pleasure. I will giue it to your friends, to be written out, that they may send it you. For I suppose, though you approue not of the subiect, yet finding your selfe now without employments, you will take delight in euery thing that comes from me. Whereas you recommend vnto me your dignitie, and reputation, in this you follow the custome of o [...]hers: but I assure you, that besides, the great accompt I make of your friendship, I doe so estimate your vertuous studies, and vnderstanding; and haue so great hope, that you will a [...]ise to eminent degrees of honor; as I preferre none before you, and hold but few your equalls. Farewell.

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Cicero to Cornificius his Colleague. Epist. 18.

TO the last poynt of your last letters, I will fi [...]st make answere, because I haue somtimes obserued this custome in you that are great Orators [...] you complaine that I write not vnto you: and I euer wrote, when I heard by your friends, that there was any opportunitie. By your letters me thinkes I conceiue, that you will doe nothing but deliberately; and that you will not resolue of any thing, before you vnderstand, what will become of I know not what Caecilius Bassus. The which I presuppos'd out of your prudence; and now, your graue letters ratifie as much. And I entreat you as earnestly as I can, [...]o write often to me: to the end I may vnderstand what you doe, and what is done, as also what you meane to vnder take. Though at your departure from hence, I was much grieued, to be depriued of your companie: yet I was comforted through hope, that you should goe into great quietnesse, and remoue your sel [...]e from affaires of moment, which were imminent. But the quite contrarie hath hapned; for, there you haue warre, & here we haue peace: but such peace, as if you were here, many [Page] things would disl [...]ke you: by which euen Caesar him [...]elfe is also disgusted. For the end of c [...]uill warre, is euer of this na [...]ure, that matters are not carryed according to the will of the Conquerour onely, but they also must be obeyed, by whose assistance the victory hath beene obtained. For my part, I am now so accustomed hereunto, as in Caesars sports I had the patience, to behold Ti [...]us Plancus, and to heare the Poems of Publiu [...], and Laberius. I would haue you know, that I want nothing more, then to haue one by me, with whom I might learnedly, and familiarly laugh at these things. You shall be th [...] man, if you come speedily: and this I suppose imports not onely me, but your selfe also. Farewell.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 19.

I Most willingly read your letters, wh [...]rein I tooke great contentment, perceiuing that you had receiu'd mine. For I made no question, but you would desi [...]o [...]sly peruse them: I on [...]ly doubted of their deliuerie. By yours, I vnderstood, how Caes [...]r committed to you the warre of Syria, and the gou [...]r [...]ment [Page] thereof. I pray God, you may haue good and happie successe in that employment; as I hope you shall, being confid [...]nt in your wisedome, and industrie. But what you write vnto me, touching the suspition of a Par [...]ian wa [...]re, hath much disturbed me. Con [...]idering your strength, by what I gather from your letters, and mine owne coniecture. Wherefore I desire at this pres [...]nt, that the Parthians may not stir, till those Legions are arriued, which must as I heare, be brought vnto you. And if you haue not power [...]nough to fight, faile not to take the same course, wc was once taken by Marcus Bib [...]lus: who shut himselfe within a well fortified, & very plentifull Town, so long as the Parthians were with in the [...]rouince. But you may better dispose of these things, accordin [...] to the time, and to th'occasio [...] I shall euer be pensiue for you [...] till I know wha [...] h [...]th succeeded. I neuer hea [...]d of [...]ny mess [...]ger that went to you, bu [...] I deliuered him le [...]ters for you. I r [...]quest you to doe [...]e like; and aboue all, to writ [...] v [...]o your friends in such a manner, that they may conceiue me to be yours. Farewell.

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Cicero to Cornificius his Colleague. Epist. 20.

YOur letters were very welcome to me, but that you disdained to lodg at the little Inne at Sinv [...]ssa. But know, that, that little village will take it ill; vnlesse in Cumanum, and Pomp [...]anum you reforme the error you haue committed. Therefore doe as I bid you, and let me haue you to loue me; and by writing sometimes to me, inuite me to doe the like. For I can more easily answere, then prouoke. But if you be negligent, as you beginne; I will vrge you: least your lithe [...]n [...]sse, beget ignorance. More at more leysure. Th [...]se, I scribled in the Senate. Farewell.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 21.

CAius Anitius my familiar acquaintance, a well quallified person, comes into Africa about his priua [...]e affaires, with a titular Embassie. I desire you would assist him in euery thing [Page] and procure, that he may dispatch his businesse, with all possible conueniencie: and especially, which he much regardes, that he may be honoured, and respected according to his dignitie. And I requ [...]st you that he may haue Lictors alo [...]ted him. Which in my Prouince, I euer allowed to all Senators, without entreatie; hauing had frequent presidents therof by men of greatest account, vpon mine owne knowledg, and other mens relation. Therefore, my Cornificius, let this be done. And in all other occurren [...]s, as you loue me, haue a care of his honour, and occasions: for you cannot doe me a greater pleasure. Be carefull of your health. Farewell.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 22.

HEre, we haue warre, with Antonius our swaggering Colleague, a man beyond all other, [...]ost outragious: but not vpon [...]quall conditions: For we, vse words, he armes. He speakes ill also of you to the people; but he shall not goe so away with it: for, he shall be made to know, whom he hath iniuried. I suppose others haue written the [Page] newes past vnto you. But expect from me what comes hereafter, which may easily be presaged. Euery thing bends to ruine. Good men haue no Head. And they who sl [...]w the Tyrant, are in remote Countries. P [...]nsa is well enclined, and speakes couragiously. Our Hirtius is slacke in the recouery of himselfe. What will ensue I certainly know not: one hope remaines, that the people of Rome will once be like their predec [...]ssors I will not surely be wanting vnto the Common-wealth, and I, wha [...]soeuer ha [...]pens, wherein I am innocent, will w [...]th a constant mind support it: and aboue all I will defend your fame, and reputation. The xx. of September, in a fu [...]l S [...]nate, I passed a decree, as well about other important matters, as also of this; that the Prouinces should remaine to those that were in gouernment, and be assign [...]d ouer to none, but to such as sho [...]ld bee sent thither by the Senates o [...]der. It is true, that I p [...]opounded this cours [...], for the respects of the Common-wealth; bu [...] questionlesse, more fo [...] the preseruation of your dignitie. Wh [...]refore I entreat you, out of our am [...]i [...], and exhort you for the Common wealthes cause, t [...]at you will not suffer any man, to take vpon him any authority in your Prouince: and that you will euer make honour your obiect; before which, [Page] nothing should be preferred. I speake to you freely, as our inward friendship requireth. Touching Sempronius, if you had carried your selfe according to my letters, you would haue purchased great esteeme with euery man. But this is past, neither is it of any great momē [...]. What I will now tell you, much more importeth. Be sure to retaine the Prouince, vnder the power of the Common-wealth. I would haue written more copiously, but that your men were in hast: therefore excuse me to our Cherippus. Farewell.

Cicero to Co [...]ificius. Epist. 23.

STraetorius gaue me ample information, both of the state of your Prouince, and of the forme you obserue in gouerning it. Oh, what a number of intolerable things are cōmitted euery where! But, by ho [...] much the mo [...]e eminent your place is, by so much the lesse, should you haue digested those matters which happened to you. For, though the indig [...]ities, which you support out of the greatnesse of your mind and vnderstanding, are not such, as you should take them deepely to heart; [...]et [Page] should you not omit, to reuenge them. B [...]t of these things another time. I know vndoubtedly, that you are informed of the daily occurrents of the Citie: and if I did not imagine it, I would write thereof my sel [...]e vnto you: and I would also write of all the attempts of Caesar Octa [...]ianus; and how the Vulgar beleeues, that Antonius hath charg'd him wrongfully; that hee might, with violence, take the young mans treasure from him. But wise men, and of good disposition, hold the matter for truth, and allow thereof. What should I say more? There is great hope in him. 'Tis thought hee will enter into any enterprise, that may procure him praise and glory. But Antonius, our familiar friend, obserues himselfe to be so generally hated, as hauing [...]urprized them in his house, who meant to kill him, he d [...]res not discouer them. The ix. of October hee went to Brundusium, to meet with the foure Legions, that return'd out of Macedonia: being perswad [...]d, that with money, hee could haue won them to his direction, and so conduct them to Rome, to bridle vs here, and hold vs in seruitude. This is, as it were, a modell of the Common-wealth; if it be any Cōmonwealth at all, where all matters are carried by Armes, and Soldiers. And I am much vexed, to think, that you could not for yeeres, relish the [Page] Common-wealth, in a time, when it was entire, and out of danger: and yet in former times, there was some hope: but now, euen hope it selfe is taken away. And what hope can there be? seeing Antonius durst tell the people, that Canutius sought to obtaine their fauor, who could not, with his safetie, be permitted to remaine within the Citie. For mine owne part, I patiently endure (thankes to Philosophie) these, and all things else, which are incident to man. For, she doth not onely free mee from griefe, but also armes me, against all the assaults of Fortune. And I aduise you to doe the like, and to make nothing in the number of euills, wherein your selfe haue had no hand. In which point I will no further extend my selfe, because I wil not speake of those things wc you know better then my selfe. Our Str [...]torius euer gaue me content; but now, I am vrged to loue him, more then hitherto; perceiuing that in your occasions, no man could haue vsed greater diligence, or haue beene more circumspect. Haue a care of your health: for heerein you shall do me an vnspeakable pleasure.

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Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 24.

IN euery occasion, which presents it selfe, of honouring or assisting you, I discharge those offices, I owe vnto you: as you shall vnderstand by your friends letters; to which I referre my selfe But yet I cannot for [...]eare to exho [...]t you, to be verie carefull of the Commonwealth. This is an action, worthy of y [...]ur courage, of your vnderstanding, a [...]d of [...]hat hope, which you ough [...] to nourish, of augmenting your ow [...]e dignities Bu [...] to this purpose, another time, I will discourse with you more at l [...]rge; for at th [...] writing of this, there was no [...]hing certaine. The Ambassadou [...]s we [...]e not yet returned, which the Senate sent, not to entreat Antonius for peace, but to put him in minde of war, if hee yeelded not to the Ambassadours wo [...]ds. I neuerthel [...]sse, so soone as I had anie opportunitie, according to my wo [...]ted custo [...]e, defended the Common-wealth, and off [...]ed my self [...], as head vnto th [...] S [...]nate, and people of Rome. And after I embraced the cause, I euer defended safetie, and common libertie. But my desire is, you should also vnderstand this by other mens letters. I recommend vnto you, [Page] Titus Pinarius, my speciall friend, and I recommend him with all efficacie. I loue him exceedingly, both because he is ado [...]ned with all vertues, and in that he is delighted in our studies. He is Agent for our Dionysius, who by you is much, but by my selfe, infinitely beloued. And therefore, [...]hough I know it superfluous; yet I commend his affaires vnto you, entrea [...]ing you to haue such a care thereof, as by the letters of Pinariu [...], who will b [...]e verie gratefu [...]l, wee may euidently vnde [...]stand, that you haue beene fauourable, both to him, and Dionysius. Farewell.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 25.

ON the feasts of Ba [...]us, I receiued your l [...]tters, whi [...] Cornificius told mee hee deliuered, two and twenty daies af [...]er the receipt. Ther [...] was no Senate that day, [...]or the day following. The day of M [...]n [...]rua, in full Senate I handled your cause: and it seem'd, Min [...]rua herselfe, that day fauour'd me. For the Senat [...] [...] [...]he sel [...]e same day [...] that I pl [...]aded for you, ordained, that the Statue of Minerua, which I had set vp in the Capitoll, with this inscription, [Page] Custos vrbis, and was by a gust of winde blowne downe; should be againe erected. Pansa recited your letters. The Senate approued highly of the matter, with much alacritie, to the greefe of Minotaurus, that is of Clauisius, and Ta [...]rus, and an honourable decree was passed in your fauor. There were some, which demanded, that some disgrace might h [...]ue beene impos'd vpon them. But Pansa would needs vse all cl [...]mencie. I, my Cornificius, the first day, that euer I conceiued hope of libertie, the xx. of December, while others lingered, layd the foundations of the Common-wealth. That verie day I labour'd much, & wrought effectually in the promotion of your dignitie. For the Senate granted mee, that the gouernment of the Prouinces s [...]ould not be altered: and ye [...] I ceased not afterwards, to beat downe, and impugne him, that with great scorne to the Common-wealth, and iniurie to you held, being absent, this Prouince. So that, exclaiming, and crying out vpon him daily, I procur'd, that, whether he would, or no, he betooke [...]im to the Citie, and was not onely thrust out of the hope, but the pr [...]sent securitie, and possession of his Prouince. I am verie glad, that for matters, which I d [...]seruedly, and most iustly spoke against him, you haue by your sufficiencie preserued [Page] your owne honor, and that you haue beene dignified with the greatest honours of the Prouince. Whereas you purge yourselfe towards me, concerning Sempronius, I except of the excuse you make. For, that was a kinde of season, when it was requisite to liue after another mans humour. Now you must vnderstand, th [...]t I, who was wont to counsell, and fauour you, being angrie with the times, despairing of libertie, went presently into Greece: but the Northerne windes, like good Citizens, being displeas'd, that I should abandon my Countrey, would not follow me; and those of the South, blowing forcibly a contrarie course, brought me backe to Rhegium; that is, amongst your kindred: and from thence being assisted with wind, and oares, in great hast I came into my Countrey. Where, the day following, in the Senate, wheras others were in great seruitude, I onely was free; and spake in such a mann [...]r against An [...]onius, as hee was not able to endure: but wi [...]h that drunken furie of his, oppos'd himselfe against me. And se [...]king to shed bloud, he did not onely desire, th [...]t some prouocation wo [...]ld proceed frō me; but also layd, to y• end, snares. This man belching, as it were, and vomiting, was by me so repelled, that he lay open to the blowes of C [...] sar Octauianus. [...]or, the generous young [Page] man, first to guard himselfe, and then for the interest of the Common-wealth, hath gotten forces togethe [...]. Which if he had not done, the returne of Antonius from B [...]u [...]dusium, would haue beene a plague to our Countrey. I suppose you know, what afterwards ensued. But to returne, where I left, I accept of your excuse for Sempronius. Then, in so great an hurly-burly, you could not resolue of anie thing. Now, the time permi [...]s, that we may liue after any other fashion, and that other cust [...]m [...]s may bee embraced, as Terentius speaketh. Wherefore, my Quintus, enter with vs into the same ship, and come vp to the sterne. There's now but one ship, fraught with all good men, which I endeuour [...]o keepe from swaruing; God grant, with a prosperous course; bu [...] what wind [...]s so [...]uer blow, my skill shall neuer be wanting: And what can ver [...]ue further effect? As for your occasions, bee of a noble and haughty courage: and be resolu'd, that all your honour must stand with the safetie of the Common-wealth. I will effectually wherein I can, fauour Pub [...]ius Luc [...]us. And i [...] was not needfull y [...]u should [...]ecommend him: he being most dea [...]e vnto me. We haue too much out of season lost Hir [...]us, and Pansa, our Colleagues, most b [...]neficiall members to the Commonwealth, in their Consulships. For, [Page] though in respect of that Rebell Ant [...] nius, the Common-wealth is secure; yet is she not absolu [...]ely rid of molestation [...] I will defend her, according to my custome, if no accident hinder m [...]e: Though at this instant I am v [...]ry w [...]ary. But no defatigation shall haue power [...]o far ou [...]r me, as to make me faile in offices, or fidelitie. And to this purpose, let these suffice [...] I will write nothing to you of my selfe; I leaue that for you to vnderstand from othe [...]s. Wee had certaine informations of you, which I would they were true. Of Cneius Minutius, whom in certa [...]n [...] letters you ex [...]old to the heauens, s [...]me h [...]rd reports are dispersed; of which, as also of the proceedings in these parts, I desire to heare from you the certainty. Farewell.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 26.

QVintus Turius, who hath negotiated in Africa, an honest man, and of a good familie, made his heires, Cneius Saturninus, Sextus Aufidius, Cneius Ann [...]ius, Quintus C [...]nsidius Gallus, Lucius Seruilius Posthumus, & Caiu [...] Rubellinus, men like vnto himselfe. By their speech [Page] I conceiued, that I was more bound to thanke you, for that you had done for them; then to commend them vnto you. For they so highlie extoll your generous disposition, and the courtesie, which I saw you had afforded them, that I dare not further en [...]reat you. Neuerthelesse I will presume, knowing of what power my recomendation is with you. And therefore, I request you, that the same fauour you shewed him wi [...]hout my letters, you will for their respect, afford it him more plentifully. And of my recommendation the substance is this; that you will not permit, that Erotes Furius, Freeman to Quintus Furius, vsurpe the inheritance of Furius, as hithe [...]to he hath done. And, that for my sake, you wil make speciall esteeme of them in all o [...]her occurrents. Wherein, you will receiue great contentme [...]t, both for their eminencie, and in respect of their obseruance towards you. And herein I entreat you as earnestly as I am able. Farewell.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 27.

S [...]xtus Aufidius obserues me after such a sort, as I am not more honored [Page] by any of my kindred. And so magnificent hee is, that in this point no Romane Knight is his Superiour. Then is he of such a temperate, and milde behauiour, that in him, singular grauity, concurs with affabilitie. I commend vnto you his businesses in Africa, with such sinceri [...]ie, and so heartily, as they possibly can bee recommended. You shall highly fauour mee, in doing your endeuour, to let him vnderstand, that my letters were of great authoritie with you. And this is my maine request, deare Cornificius. Farewell.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 28.

I Am also of your opinion, that they, who as you write, threatned Lilybaeum, deserued there to be punished. But you are affraid, as you say, to seeme too forward in your chastizements: and [...]herfore you were affrayd, [...]o app [...]are a grau [...], and couragious Citizen: or such an one, as is worthy to bee your selfe. I like it well, that you renew our league in the preseruation of the Common-wealth, which you enterteined with me, as an inheritance from your father. Which societie, my Cornificius, shall alwayes [Page] continue amongst vs: I am also well pleased, that you are of opinion, that you need not thanke me in your owne behalfe. For betwixt vs, this office is sup [...]rfluous. The Senate should often be sollici [...]ed about your dignitie, but that in absence of the Consulls, they are neuer assembled, except vpon some new occurrents. And therefore by [...]he Senate ther's nothing to be done at this present, either about those six hund [...]ed Crownes, or about those twēty one thousand. And therfore I am of opinion, that you must impose taxations, and take vp at interest. Concerning the state of the common-wealth, I suppose you are aduertised by their let [...]ers, who vsually write vnto you, of the occurren [...]s of Rome. I am in good hope. And I am not wanting to my countrie, with my councell, care, or endeuour. To the enemies of the Common-wealth, I shew my selfe a capitall enemie. Matters appeare to me, to be in good state; and would be farre better, if some men were not culpable. Farewell.

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Cicero to Cornificius. Ep. 29.

I Thinke there is not a man amongst the people of Rome, (much lesse you who knowes all my occasions,) tha [...] conceiues not, what familiaritie I retain with Lucius Lamia: For it was manifested to all Rome, at the same time, when by Aulus Gabinius the Consull he was confined, because valiantly, and freely he had defended my safetie; Neither did our loue grow onely from this; but from an affection which was great, and of long continuance. Whereupon hee refused not to vndergoe any daunger vpon mine occasion. To which offices, or rather deserts, so pleasing a cōuersation is to be added, that there is no man with whom I ought to be more delighted. Now the reason of so speciall loue being made manifest vnto you; I imagine you looke not with what words I recommend him. I would haue you know thus much onely, that if you defend Lamia's occasions, his agents, his Free-men, and his very slaues, wherein it shall bee requisite; it shall more satisfie me, then if you had vouchsafed me this courtesie, in defence of mine own proper substance, and interest's. And I m [...]ke no doubt, but without my recommendation, your iudgement [Page] of men is such, that for Lamia's owne sake, you will doe any thing very willingly. Although 'twas said, that you were perswaded, that he was present, at the recording of a decree of the Senate, made in preiudice of your honor: whereas he was neuer present at the passing of any decree, vnder those Consulls. And besides this, all the decrees that then came from the Senate were false. Except you also, bele [...]ue, that my selfe was p [...]esent at that decree of Sempronius: when at the same instant I was not in Rome; as I wrote vnto you, when the matter was fresh in memorie. But of this, hitherto. I request you, my Cornificius, with the greatest efficacie I am able, that you will verily beleeue, that all Lamia [...]s negotiations are mine owne: and take order that he may perceiue, that this my recommendation hath beene very vsefull to him. You cannot doe me a greater fauour. Bee carefull of your health. Farewell.

Cicero to Cornificius. Epist. 30.

DOe I then write to you for none, but such as are contentious? And though this be true, yet you cannot say, but I write often to you. For you haue [Page] vs'd the matter so, that no man thinkes he can obtaine your fauour without my letters. But which of your men euer told me, that he came from thence as a messenger, by whom I haue not written backe againe? Or else, being denied to talke with you face to face, what greater recreation doe I finde, then either in writing to you, or reading your letters? I am rather greeu'd, that I am hindred by so many employments, that I haue no conueniencie to write vnto you, as often as I would. For then I would invite you not with Epistles, but with whole volumes: with which in all reason you s [...]ould prouoke me. For though you are employed; neuerthel [...]sse, you haue more leisure then I. If you haue no time to spare, be not so shamelesse, and troublesome in importuning me, to write often to you; considering that you write so seldome to me. For if heretofore I haue beene encumbred with many occupations, (for I was busied in defending the Common-wealth with all care;) much more am [...] at this present. For euen as they are more grieuously sicke, who seeming to be cu [...]'d of a maladie, are relapsed: so doe we feele farre greater disturbance, being enforced to warre anew, when we thought the warre was almost finished. But thus much may suffice for these things. You, my Cornificius, [Page] labour to perswade your selfe, that I am not of so weake an affection, not to say inhumaine; as that I can be out-gone by you, either in loue, or courtesie. In truth I no wayes doubted of your loue; and yet C [...]erippus hath made it me much more manifest. Oh what a man is this! I alwayes tooke him to be fit for my conuersation; but now I apprehend him to be delightsome. As I liue, he hath not onely reuealed your mind vnto me, with your owne words, but with your gesture also. So as, doe not feare, that I am offended with you, because you wrote vnto me in the selfe same forme, as you wrote vnto others. True it is, I was desirous you should write vnto me in another fashion then you wrote to others: but this I did, rather excited by loue, then choller. Touching the charge, you say you are, and haue bin at, in respect of the warre; verily, I cannot ease you. For besides that the Senate by the death of the Consulls, remaines, as it were, without a guide; and there is no way to raise any prou [...]sion; you would not beleeue into what distr [...]sse of moneyes the publicke treasure is brought; which is, on all sides exhausted, to discharge the payes of [...]he best deseruing souldiers, which in my opinion can neuer be wholly discharged, without some new imposi [...]ions. Of Accius Dionysius, I thinke there [Page] is no newes, in that Siratorius told me nothing of him. For Publius Lucceius, I graunt not, that you should better affect, then my selfe: for, he is my bosome friend: but vrging the Tole-masters, that they should prolong his time; they made mee apparantly conc [...]iue, that they could not doe it, by the protestation, and oath, that they had taken. Wherefore I would aduise Lucc [...]ius to come home. Though, if he haue followed the aduise of my letters, by that time you read these, he should be at Rome. Of other things, especially of money, you not knowing of Pa [...]sa's death, haue written, what you suppos'd you might haue obtain'd by my means. Wherein you should not haue fail'd, if he had liued; for, he loued you: but being dead, I see no meanes how to giue you contentment. About Venuleius, Latinus, and Hora [...]ius, in my iudgment you haue done exceeding well. But yet this likes me not ouer-well, that you write, you haue dismissed the Lictors of your owne Legates, to the end that they might haue lesse cause to complaine. For your Legates, being men that deserue honour: you should not value them with base fellowes. And I am of opinion, that not by any authoritie of the Senates decree, but by maine violence, you haue enforced [Page] their departure. This in briefe, is an answere, to the two letters I receiued from you, of one tenour. I haue nothing else to deliuer vnto you, but that your honour shall be as deare vnto me, as mine owne. Farewell.

THE THIRTEENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Caius Memmius. Epist. 1.

THough I was not sufficiently assured, whither it would be somewhat troublesome, or pleasing to mee to see you in Athens: by reason that the iniurie you haue receiued, would haue molested me; and the wisedome by which you suffer it, haue yeelded me [Page] contentment; yet, I would rather, I could see you, then oth [...]rw [...]se. For the molest [...]tion I [...]eele, is not much abated, when I see you not: and [...]hat l [...]tl [...] co [...] tent that we could haue had, would questionlesse h [...]ue bin gre [...]t [...]r, [...]f I h [...]d seene you. Wh [...]refore I dete [...]mine to take any course that I may see you, when I may doe it conuenien [...]ly. In the meane while I will handle that, wc I may both treat with you of by letters, and as I hope, conclude of. Now, the first thing I request of you, is; that you will doe nothing in [...]he behalfe of my dignitie, against your owne liking. But, if you thinke you shall doe it willingly; then let me requ [...]st you to doe that, which I am to require of you; especially being such, as highly concernes me, and is to you, no way preiudiciall. Patro Epicureus, is wholly mine, and I his: saving that in Philosophie I greatlie differ from him. But both in the beginning, when at Rome he obserued you, and yours, he honoured me aboue all others: and lastly, when about his benefits and rewardes, he obtain'd those things which he desired, he preuail'd more by my meanes, then by any other defender, or friend he had: and besides this, he was commended vnto me by Phaedrus: who, when I was a child, before I knew Philo, I much esteemed as a Philosopher, and afterwards, notwithstanding [Page] [our difference of opinions] as an honest man, verie facete, and officious. Now, this Patro hauing written to me at Rome, that I would procure him your fauour: and request you to graunt him certaine ruines of the house that belong'd to Epicurus: I wrote nothing to you thereof; because I was not willing, that your d [...]signe of building, should be hindred, by my recōmendation. The same partie, when I came to Athens, entreating me once more to write vnto you, about the same matter; obtain'd his request [...]pon this occasion; in that amongst your friends, it was verily thought; that you had giuen ouer that determination of building. And if it be so: and that now you make no reckoning of it: my desire is, that, if you by other mens peruersitie haue beene a [...]y wayes prouoked (for I know the condition of that people) you would pacifie your minde, by doing something which may be either answerable to your courteous disposition, or [...]ending vnto my grace, and honour. I for mine owne part (if you will haue me tell you my opinion) doe not perceiue, why either he should bee so impo [...]tunate; or you so vnwilling to graunt it: except it may be farre lesse allowed in you, [...]o regard so cōtemptible a matter, then in him to craue it. Although I am sure you vnderstand, both with what [Page] words Patro excuseth himselfe, and vpon what he groundes. He sayes, hee cannot herein neglect his reputation; the Testament, and authoritie of Epicurus; the [...]arnest entreaties of Phaedrus: and that he is engaged, to maintaine that place, where famous men frequented, inhabited, and conuersed. If wee should reiect this his instant importunitie, we must needs deride his whole course of life, and the profession he maketh of Philosophie. But because we are neither enemies to him, nor to others of that Sect; I am of opinion, that he is excusable, though he be herein so deeply touched. Wherein, if he offend 'tis rather out of follie, then malice. But not to be ouer-long, (for I must at length vtter it,) I loue Pomponius Atticus as a brother. I haue not a dearer, nor more acceptabl [...] friend then himselfe. This man, not because he is of their Sect (for he is adorned, and compleat in all those sciences, that are befitting a Gentleman) but, in that he wi [...]heth well to Patro, and loues Phaedrus exceedingly: hath beene so wondrous earnest with me herein. And, though he be a man, that is not mou'd to doe these offices, out of ambition; neither vseth to be ouer-burdensome in his requests, yet he neuer required any thing of me more eff [...]ctuallie. And he assures himselfe, that I may obtaine this [Page] fauour from you, with a becke onelie; yea, though you had a mind to build there. But when he shall vnderstand, that you haue giuen ouer your intention of building; and (yet for all this,) that I was not by you herein satisfied; he will not suppose, that you were to me discourteous; but that I in his occasions haue bin carelesse. And therfore I entreat you to write to your friends, that you are content, that the same decree of the Senate about the Areopagitae, which they call a certaine monument, should be disanulled. But to returne to our beginning: before you doe this, I would haue you resolue in mind to doe it willingly. Conceiue therfore, that in shewing me this fauour, you shall doe me a verie acceptable pleasure. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Memmius. Epist. 2.

I Haue great acquaintance with Caius Auianus Euander, who dwells in your Sanctuarie; and greater, with Marcus Aemilius his Patron. I request you therfore as earnestly as may be, that if you may graunt it without your owne discommoditie, that you will accommodate [Page] him with a place of residence. Because, for the multitude of businesse, which he hath for many vndertaken, hee will be much hindered by his sodaine remoue vpon the calends of Iulie. I am ashamed to vse much entreatie: but, I make no doubt, being little or nothing at all preiudiciall to you, you will deale with me, as I should doe with you, if you demanded at my hands any courtesie. I assure you, it will giue me very singular contentment, Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Memmius. Epist. 3.

AVlus Fusius, besides, that he is one of my most intimate friends, and shewes me a great honor, and affection [...] is further, a very learned and courteous gentleman, and very worthie of your friendship. I desire you would vse that humanitie towards him, which you promised mee, at our last meeting. It shall giue me wondrous great satisfaction. For, I shall bee infinitely well pleased, and him you shall oblige, eternallie, to be readie at your command in all occurrents. Farewell.

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Cicero to Quintus Valerius Orca, sonne to Quintus, Legat: Vice-Praet [...]r. Epist. 4.

THe V [...]laterrani, are my very kinde friends. For I hauing conferred vpon them a benefit o [...] note, they haue returned me an ample gratuitie; considering that they neuer left mee, either in prosperitie, or in miserie. With whom, though I had nothing to doe; yet, because I loue you entirely, and that I know you haue much honour'd me, I would put you in minde, and [...]xhort you, to retaine them so in your recommendation, that their poss [...]ssions may not be confiscated: especiallie hauing more reason to bee heard then o [...]hers. First, because they shunned the crueltie of Sylla's times, through the benignitie of [...]he gods immortall. And then, because with the great fauour of the people of R [...]me in my Consulship they they were by me defended. For the Tribunes of the people hauing enacted a most wicked law [...]ou [...]hing their landes, I easilie perswaded the Senate, and people of R [...]me, [...]hat they would haue some respect to those Cittizens, whom Fortune as it were through compassion, had preserued. And this my opinion, was approued, [Page] and confirmed by Caius C [...]sar, in his first Consulship, when he renewed the law about possessions. Whereupon the Countie of Volaterra, and the towne, was by him perpetuallie free'd from all incumbrance. So as, I may be secure, that he, who was pleas'd to purchase new friends, would continue his old benefits. And therefore, it befits your prudence, either to follow his authoritie; whose part, and gouernment you followed, with great reputation; or at least to reseru [...] vnto him, the entire businesse. But certainely, you shall doe well, to make a firme resolution to oblige perpetually vnto your selfe so worthy, so mightie, and so noble a Citie, by so great a benefit. But, what I haue formerly written was to exhort, and aduise you; what followes; to entreat you: To conceiue that I do not only councell you for your owne benefit: but that I haue also occasion to entreat, and seeke vnto you. I therefore giue you to vnderstand, that you shall doe me, a singular pleasure, if you procure, that the Volaterrani may not in any respect be ouerborne, or damni [...]ied. I commend their whole estates, Fortunes, and aff [...]ires; to your fidelitie, equitie, and bountie: as hauing, both by the immortall gods, and by renowned-cittizens of our Common-wealth, with the speciall fauour of the Senate, [Page] and the Romane people beene preseru [...]d. And, if I, as I was wont, had now, the meanes to defend the Volaterrani, in that manner as I vsed to assist my friends: I would omit no office, vneffected [...]or their benefit. And brie [...]ly, I would refuse no cont [...]station in their behalfe, and fauour. But seeing I am confident, I shall now preuaile no lesse with you, then I haue alwaies done with euery man; by that inward amitie, we hold together, and by that loue we mutually bea [...]e one another, I entreate you in fauour, that you will vouchsafe to vse towards the Volaterrani, that humanitie, and courtesie, as they may iudge this dispatch, to haue beene committed, as it were by diuine prouidence, to a person, whom I, their perp [...]tuall defender, was able more to dispose of, then of any other. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Valerius Orca, sonne to Quintus Legat [...]: Vice-Praetor. Epist. 5.

I Am not sorie, that the neere friendship I entertaine with you, is knowne to many: nor yet doe I forbid you, as you may suppose, that in this office, which by Caesar was impos'd vpon you; [Page] and is waightie, and difficult; [...]ou should not carrie your selfe, as is requir'd, both for your fidelitie, and diligence, according to his pleasure. For, though diuers seeke vnto me, for sundrie fauours, because they assure themselues of your affection towards mee: yet will I not interrupt th [...] course of your Office. With Caius Cur [...]ius, from my younger yeares, I haue had speciall familiaritie. He compl [...]i [...]ed vnto mee of the great dammage he most vniustly suffer [...]d in the time of Sylla. And thinking, that they who runne into these mis [...]ortunes, might be permitted by [...]uery ones cons [...]nt, haui [...]g lost all their substance, a [...] l [...]a [...]t to re [...]urne into their countrie; I helpt h [...]m to obt [...]ine this fauour He hath in the territories of Volat [...]rra, a possession, whither hee had conueyed all the reliques of his Fortunes, redeem'd, as it were from ship-wracke. Now, at this time, Caesar hath created him Senator; which dignitie, if he loose [...]his possession, he can hardly support. It would bee strange, that being exalted to an higher degree of honor, he sh [...]uld fall into baser Fortunes. And there is no reason, that the same po [...]ession, which by Caesars commis [...]ion is to be diuided, should be taken from him, who by Caesars benefit is made a Senator. But I will not make the equitie of his cause to bee my plea. [Page] To the end it may not appeare, that you haue rather contented mee in obseruing of iustice, then doing mee a kindenes. Wherefore [...] very earnestly entreate you, to suppose, that the goods of C [...]ius Curtius are mine owne: and what you would doe for my sake, if you performe it for Caius Cur [...]ius, esteeme it as done vnto my selfe. But if he obtaines any thing by my means, make your account, that you, are the man by whom I haue obtained it. An [...] hee [...]ein I must seriously solicit your perfo [...]mance. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus V [...]l [...]rius Orca, sonne to Quin [...]us vic [...]-Con [...]ull. Epist. 6.

I hope you are in good health, as I am. I suppose you remember how, in the presence of Cuspius, I talked with you, when I accompanied you in your departure towards your Prouince. And afterwards about the same matter, I re [...]soned with you, more at large requesting, that whatso [...]uer friends of h [...]s I commend vnto you, you would esteeme them in the number of mine owne: [...]he which out of your infi [...]ite good will, and loue you promis'd mee. [Page] Cuspius a very officious man to all his friends, with wonderfull feruencie, fauours and loues, certaine men of this Prouince; because he hath beene twice in Africa, with charge to dispatch important businesses of the Tax-masters. And, I am wont to assist, as much as my power, and fauour will permit me, his courtesie towards them. Wherefore I haue thought good, to manifest vnto you in this Epistle, the cause, why I recommend vnto you, all the Cuspians. In other letters, I will onely put that marke, or token, that wee haue agree'd vpon; and withall, I will signifie vnto you, that hee is one of the friends of Cuspius. But conceiue, that this commendation of mine; by reason whereof I wrote you this present letter, is so full of affection, that no man can deuise, to vse more fe [...]uencie therein. For Cuspius in deepe passion, hath constrayned me most carefully to recommend vnto you Lucius Iulius. Which office though I should performe, after the same manner as I was wont, when any thing was effectually required at my hands; yet I thinke 'twere impossible to bee answerable to the desire o [...] Cuspius. Hee would haue mee take a new course: and imagines that I can heerein vse, a certaine artificiall manner. I haue p [...]omised him, that out of the secretest cabinets of our Art, I will [Page] extract an admirable forme of recommendation. Which if I doe nor performe; endeuor you; that by th'effect, he may he may belee [...]e [at least], that I haue seru'd his turne with letters full of vnusuall Art, and motiues. This will be done, if you shew him all mann [...]r of courtesie, that either your nobilitie moues you to, or by your authoritie is permitted you; not only in action, bu [...] also in words, & breefly, with your [...]ry co [...]ntenance. Whi [...]h things, how much they preuaile in a Prouince, I would you had once put in practise. Neuerthelesse I hold opinion, that the man I commend vnto you, is very worthy of your friendship. And, beleeue it; not onely because Cuspius affirm [...]s as much vnto me; though this might suffice: but in that I know, hee can censure of men, and hath iudgement in the election of his friends. In a word I shall be enform'd of what force these letters were with you; and as I hope, I shall haue occasion to thanke you. And in the meane while, in any thing wherein I thinke you would be glad that I should vse mine endeuour, I will not faile withall effectuall diligence, to employ it. Respect your health.

PV [...]lius Cornelius the bearer hee [...]of, was commended vnto me by [Page] P [...]blius Cuspi [...]s, to whom both on [...] o [...] loue, and obligation, how much I desire to giue all satisfaction, by what is written, may be gathered. My especiall request is, that from this recommendation, I may out of hand receiue the greatest, and most frequent thankes that po [...]sible can bee giuen mee by Cuspius.

Cic [...]ro to Caius Clu [...]ius. Epist. 7.

WHen, vpon your departure for Gallia, moued by our interchanged affection, and the great respect you beare me; you came home to visit me. I spake with you about the A [...]ellani, who pay tribute for that part of their Countie which lies in Gallia; intimating vnto you, how neerely I was touched with their interest's. And after your departure, the matter being such, as it mainly imported a towne of that worth, and which I so much esteemed; being confident in your good inclination towards me, I thought my selfe obliged, to write vnto you thero [...] with all possible diligence. Though I am not ignorant, either of the condition of the times, or of your power. [Page] And I vnderstand but too well, that the charge y• was giuen you by Caius Caesar was not to iudge, but to execute. Wherfore I request you, to do only so much, as I thinke you can, and will for my cause willingly. And, first I would haue you to conceiue it to be true: that all the busines of this towne or Incorporation is, that there maine interest lies in this County which paies tribute: and now, through the burdensome impositions it hath endur'd, it is [...]alne into extreame pouertie. Which inconuenience, though it appeareth that many other haue equally suffered: neuerthelesse I assure you, that this towne in particular, hath suffered mo [...] then other. Which I forbeare to re [...]e vnto you, least in complaining of my friends miseries, I may seeme to distaste those persons, whom vnwillingly I would. Wherefore, were I not confident in my hopes, that I can manifest vnto Caesar, how that towne vndeseruedly, was ouercharg'd with such a burden: I would neuer haue sollicited you, vpon this occasion. But because I am assur [...]d, and perswaded, that he will haue respect vnto the worth of the Towne; to the equi [...]ie; and also to the good affection, the inhabitants thereof beare towards him: I thought good, to request and entreat you, that you will reserue this cause to him to bee dispatched. [Page] Which though I would not forbeare to entreat of you, though I had not heard that you euer granted so much before: yet I entertaine more liuely hopes of obtaining it, seeing 'twas told me, how the Rhegienses had obtained from you the selfsame fauour. Who, though they be linked in friendship with you, yet your loue towards me, bids me hope, that what courtesies you haue done for your owne, you will also performe for mine acquaintance. Especially considering, that, hauing many friends, which would sue for the like at your hands by my meanes; I request this kindenes only, for these men. And though I assure my selfe, you vnderstand, that I discharge not this office, without cause; and that no vaine ambition hath tickled me on with so great instance, to sollicite you; yet would I haue you giue credit to my sincere speeches, that I am to this towne much obliged: it hauing euer; aswell in time of my prosperities, as disasters, made knowne their singular affection to me. Wherefore, in respect of the viscerall amitie we hold together, and for that great loues sake which you haue euer borne me, I do in the greatest earnest I am able entreate you, that you, considering, that the estate of [...] whole Towne is heere handled; which is neere vnto me both in friendshipp [...] [Page] office, and affection, will bee pleased, to gratifie me. And wee shall so value your fauour, if wee obtaine from Caesar, as, our expected grace, wee shall repute it granted, by your benefit: if otherwise; wee shall notwithstanding remaine in the same obligation; in that you labour'd to procure it vs. And besides the singular pleasure, you shall doe me thereby: you shall by meanes of such an important fauour, further oblige vnto yours [...]lfe, most bountiful, noble, and most gratefull cittizens; and such, as shall be worthy of your friendship: of whom you may alwaies make any vse, either in your owne, or friends occasions. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Rutilius. Epist. 8.

BEing a sufficient testimonie to my selfe, of the respect that I owe you; and hauing by experience made triall of the loue that you beare mee; I ha [...]e had the boldnesse to requ [...]st a fauour, as much importing mee, as it was necessarie for me, to require it of you. What esteeme I make of Publius Sextius; there's no man knowes better [...]hen my selfe: and how much I ought [Page] to esteeme him, you, and all men can imagine. Hauing heard from others, how well you stand affected to me; hee requested me, that I would write vnto you with all possible efficacie, about the busines of Ca [...]us Albinus the Senator: by whose daughter the same Publiu [...] Sextius had, that vertuous young man, Lucius. This therefore I haue written vnto you, to the end you may apprehend, that not only I, am bound to haue a care of Publius Sextius; but Sextius of Albinus. Now the busines is this, Caius Albinus receiu'd in payments, certaine Farmes of Marcus Laberius, at the prises they were valued at; which Farmes Laberius bought of Caes [...]r, being part of the estate of Plotius. If I should say, [...]hat i [...] would not bee profi [...]able for the Common-wealth, that they should be deuided: it might seeme that I did not entreat, but instruct you. But it being Caesars pleasure, that the sales, and assignements made by Sylla should stand good: to the end that his, might be thought more durable: if the same Farmes be diuyded, which Caesar himselfe hath sold, what securitie can there bee in his sales? But how much this point imports, let your wisedome consider. I request you, and request you after such a manner, that with greater affection, iuster cause, and hartier desire I cannot request you; that [Page] you would haue respect vnto Albinus, and not meddle with those Farmes, once in possession of Laberius. For it will not bee onely a ioy vnto mee, but after a sort a glorie also; if Publius Sextius, to whom I am so deepely engaged, can by my meanes giue to so neere a [...]riend, and kinsman satisfaction. This therefore, I double intreate you to effect: for you cannot doe me a greater pleasure; and you shall finde it to be vnto me most acceptable. Farewell.

Cicero to Cra [...]sipes. Epist. 9.

THough with the greatest care I could, and by word of mouth, I commended vnto you, the Taxe [...]asters of Bithynia; and knew, that both in respect of my commendation, and also of your owne freewill you were desirous in all things that lay within the limits of your power, to shew them fauor. Neuertheles, I was willing to write these vnto you: because they, whose interests are trea [...]ed of; supposed, that if I did also by letters declare vnto you, how I stood addicted to them; it would greatly further their occa [...]ions. For I [Page] would haue you to conceiue, that hauing euer willingly made demonstration, that I generally bare no small affection to the Publicans, and customers, as I stood bound to doe, by the great deserts of that Order; I am in particular a friend, to that company, which receiues the customes of Bithynia. Which companie, both for the place they haue, and for the qualitie of the persons therein employed, comprehendeth the greater part of the Citie, consisting of all the other companies: and in it there are by chance many, with whom I retaine great friendship, and che [...]fly with Publius Rupilius, sonn [...] to Publius, of the Tribe Aniensis, head of that companie. Whose honor, is now especially treated of. For which reasons, I earnestly intreate you, that all the courtesie, and liberalitie you may a [...]ford, you would shew it to Cneius Pupius; who is employed by the said Companie: And so procure, as easilie you may, that his companions may remaine very well satisfied in his endeuours: and wherein the interests, or benefit of those his associates shall occurre, (for I know what you may performe heerein, being Quaestor) vouchsafe to assist, and defend them. which doing, besides the effecting a matter, that will giue me singular contentment, I promise you, and because [Page] I haue heeretofore made experience, I dare assure you, that you shall perceiue, that you haue beene beneficiall, to men that are both mindefull, and thankfull. Farewell.

Cicero to Brutus. Epist. 10.

I Supposed that Mar [...]us Vaerro your Quaestor, comming to you, should not stand in need of any recommendation: beleeuing that he had beene sufficiently commended, out of the very custome of our predecessors: Who, as you know, esteemed of the Quaestors, as of their owne children. But he being perswaded, that a letter of mine, written effectually in his behalfe, might greatly preuaile with you; I thought good to doe that, which a friend supposed, might bee a [...]urtherance vnto him. But to the end you may conceiue, that I am bound to do it, I thinke good to tell you, that Marcus T [...]rentius Varro, when hee first began to plead, entred into friendshippe with mee; afterwards when hee grew to riper yeares, two respects occurred, of encreasing my loue towards him: one was, [Page] because he followed those studies, wherewith we are at this day much delighted; & he followed it, as you know with vnderstanding and diligence. And withall, because he entred betimes into the societie of the Tole-masters; which notwithstanding I liked not: in that he suffered great losses. Neuerthelesse, he being one of that order, whom I euer receiued to speciall protection, our amity grew more cōfirmed. Besides this, he hauing beene an aduocate, and Iudge, with apparant fidelitie, and good esteeme, before this mutation of the Commonwealth, hee applied himselfe to demand a Quaestorship, supposing that this honorable degree, would be a recompence of his trauailes. And not long since, I sent him from Brundusium to Caesar, with letters of tru [...]t: wherein I euidently perceiued, how much he loued me, in taking willingly this charge vpon him, and how faithfull a friend hee was, in bringing the matter to effect. I was determined, hauing layd open the occasion of my loue towards him, to informe you particularly, of his honestie, & good conditions: but hauing declar'd the reason thereof, I thinke I haue sufficiently intima [...]ed his vprightnesse. Neuerthelesse, I will not forbeare to promise, and secure you, that you will bee much satisfied in his friendship, for the benefit [Page] which will accrew vnto you therby. For you shall discerne him to be a man, both prudent, and farre from all auarice, or ambition: and besides, of singular endeuour, and industrie. Neither should I intimate vnto you these thinges, which you will obserue, when you haue [...]ad experience of them. Notwith [...]tanding, in all beginnings of friendship it greatly imports; what the foundation is, & with what good fame, we enter into an amitie. To which effect, I meant to write these present letters; though it was needlesse; the obligation of Quaestorship [...] being a sufficient induction; the which neuerthelesse, may the more moue you, annexing thereunto my letters. Wherefore if you make that esteeme of mee, which Varro beleeue [...], and I am verily perswaded [...] procure that I may vnderstand, that hee receiued from this my commendation, that furtherance which hee hoped, and I doubted not. Farewell.

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Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 11.

IN that I alwayes knew you very desirous to be ignorant of nothing that concerned me: I make no doubt, but you conceiue not onely, of what towne I am, but also how zealously I was wont, to assist the Arpinates, my countreymen: who are not able, by any other reuenewes, then those that they haue in Gallia, to maintaine the charge, which they are at, about the wors [...]ip of the gods, and reparation of Churches, and publicke places. Now, to view the said reuenewes, to recouer the money owing by the countrie-people, and to rece [...]ue full information of the matter, and to follow it; we haue sent as Commissioners, Quintus Fu [...]idius, sonne [...]o Quintus, Marcus F [...]ucius, sonne to Marcus, and Quintus Mamur [...]us, sonne to Quintus, all Romaine knights. I earnestly entreat you, for our inward amities sake, that you will be mindfull of that businesse: and procure effectuallie, that the c [...]use of the said Towne may bee heard without any impediment, and w [...]thall expedition be dispatched: and that towardes the fore-mentioned knights, you would vse all those ceremonies of honor and courtesie, which your gentle disposition shall encline [Page] you to. You shall herein purchase the friendship of honest men, and oblige a very grat [...]fu [...]l Towne vnto your [...]elfe, by meanes of such a ben [...]fit. And to me also you shall hereby doe a g [...]at [...]r pleasure; for besides that I [...]m alwayes accustomed to helpe my cou [...]try-men; there is now somewhat mo [...]e to bee considered; for this yeare, it especiallie appertaines to my care, and of [...]ice; in that I being desirous to reduce that Towne into better forme, I haue beene the cause that my sonne, my nephew, and Marcus Caesius, my great fri [...]nd, should be made Aediles; (for in our Towne, this onely Magistracie is created, and no more:) These, you shall honor, and especially my selfe; if by your fauour, and vigilancie, [...]he Communaltie of this Towne, shall end their businesse without difficultie; which I request you to effect, as earnestly as I can possibly. Farewell.

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 12.

IN another Epistle I did gener [...]llie commend vnto you the Commissioners of Arpinas, and with the greatest care I could. In this, I more particularly recommend vnto you, Quintus Fusidius, [Page] my especiall friend, not any waies to diminish the former, but to adde this recommendation. For he is sonne in law to my singular good friend Marcus Cae [...]ius: and heretofore in Cilicia he was with me Tribune of the souldiers. In which place he so bare himselfe, as I thought I had rather receiued, then bestow'd a benefit. Besides this, he is delighted with our studies, which you were wont to esteeme highly. Wherefore I would entreat you, to enterteine him with all cour [...]esie, and to vse all meanes, that this Embassie, which, being inioy'd by [...]ine authoritie, he hath with his owne inconueniencie vndertakē, may ad glory to his industrie. For he desires, as [...]uery vertuous man naturally doth, to reape great commendation, as well from vs, who perswaded him therunto, as also [...]rom our countri-men. Which he shall compasse, if he obtaine your fauour by my recommendation. Farewell.

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 13.

LVcius Castronius Patus, the chiefest, without comparison, in the towne of Luca, is noble, wise, full of courtesie, a man of great bountie, and graced both by vertue, and also fortune; if this [Page] be any thing to the present purpose. And besides, he is so far my most familiar friend, that he more respectiuely obserues no man of our order. Wherefore I commend him vnto you, both as my friend, and one that's worthie of your acquaintance. Whatsoeuer you doe for him, will assuredly be returned by your owne content, and mine acceptance. Farewell.

Cicero to Brutus. Ep. 14.

LV [...]ius Titius Strabo, a Romaine Knight, of an honourable familie, and of great, and rich estate, is my bosome friend: and all intrinsecall right [...] runne equally betweene vs. This man should haue certaine moneys out of your Prouince, from Publius Cornelius: The matter is remitted into Gallia, by Volcatius, a iudge of Rome. And because it is more honest to be carefull of a friends moneys, then of our owne; I more seriously, then if it were an interest of mine, request you, that about the procuring an end of the action, you would interpose your selfe for expedition. And to endeuour so farre a [...] you thinke it, iust and reasonable, that Strabo's Freeman, who is sent for this effect, may without any encumbrance, finish [Page] the businesse, and recouer the moneys. And it shall both giue me great conten [...]ment, and you your sel [...]e shall acknowledge Lucius Titius to bee most worthie of your friendship. And I heartily entreat you to employ that care herein, which you were wont to take in euerie thing wherein you found, that I delighted. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Caesar Imperator. Ep. 15.

I Solidly commend vnto you, Praecilius; whose Father is your friend, my familiar; and a man of great integritie: For besid [...]s, that I beare an infinite loue to this young man, being ciuill and modest, and because he loues me entirely: I haue manifestly found his father, in all my occasions to haue beene much affected to me. This is he, who amongst others was especially wont to laugh at my proceedings, and reprehend me; in that I did not ioyne with you; and the rather, because you inuited mee thereunto, with honourable conditions;

But his inducement [...] dr [...]e not my consent.

Because on the other part, I heard those our great defenders of the Common-wealth, cry out;

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Be valorous, that after world's may rayse,

Some brain, to blazon thy deserts, & praise.

Thus, was I puckled in a foggie mist.

And yet he continued his exhortations. But they, though I were alreadie thoroughly hot; seeking by glorie to enflame me [...] said;

Die not vnusefull, and without renowne,

But die, that memory thy acts may crowne.

But now, you may perceiue they moue me but a little. And therefore leauing the loftie style of Homer, I betake me to the true precepts of Euripides;

I hate his councell that's for others wi [...]e,

And in his owne occasions wants his eyes.

Which verses, Praecilius the elder, commendes exceedingly; affirming, that we may liue warily; and yet retaine our precedencie, and principalitie. But to returne, where we began, you shall shew me a memorable fauour, if out of your singular courtesie, you enterteine this young man; and to the good inclination, which I am perswaded you haue, to pleasure him, and his Father; make vpon this my recommendation, some new addition. I haue vs'd a new style of writing, to giue you to vnderstand, that I send no vulgar commendation. Farewell.

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Cicero to Caius Caesar, Imperator. Ep. 16.

AMongst all the mobilitie, I lou'd no young man so well as Publius Crassus; and hauing conceiu'd great hope of him in his tender yeares, I began to hope better, seeing my iudgement of him, to be verified. Now, you shall vnderstand, that euen when he liued I much esteem'd, and made great accompt of Apollonius his Free-man: because he was affected to Crassus; and Crassus in his vertuous studies made so good vse of him, that he lou'd him dearely. Then after the death of Crassus, I thought him also for this cause more worthie of my loue, and to be receiued into my protection; in that he held himselfe bound, to obserue, and honour those, that Crassus lou'd, and loued Crassus. Whereupon he came to me in C [...]licia, and seru'd me in manie occurrents, both faithfully, and prudently. And as I thinke, in the warre of Alexandria, hee neuer fail'd you, in whatsoeuer he was able to compasse, either by his fidelitie, or industrie. And hoping that you also had the same opinion of him, he came into Spaine; first questionlesse, vpon his owne deliberation, but next for your assistance. Neither [Page] did I otherwise promise to recommend him vnto you: not but that I suppos'd my commendation would be of some effect with you; but in that I thought he needed not be to you commended, hauing beene with you in the warre; and you for the memoriall of Crassus, reputing him in the number of your owne. And, if he would haue sought recommendation, he saw that other men also, would haue done him this pleasure. For the iudgement I made of him, I haue willingly passed my word; both because he esteem'd much thereof, and in that I knew my testimonie would be of some credit with you. I say therefore, that I haue found him a learned man; and studious of all [...]xcellent sciences; and that euen from his tender yeares. For, when he was but a childe, he remain'd a good while in my house, with Diodo [...]s, the Stoick, a person in my iudgement very learned. Now, set on fire, with the affection which he beares to your worthie acts, he desires to write them in Greeke, and I think he can performe it. He hath wit, and experience in humain [...] actions, hee hath beene long time exercis'd in these manner of studies, and learning: and he desires to giue life, and perpetuitie to your prayses. This is the testi [...]onie of my opinion. But you that are most wise, may giue a sounder iudgement [Page] hereof. And, though I said, I would not, yet I recommend him: and whatsoeuer fauour you shew him, it shall vnto my selfe be aboue measure acceptable. Farewell.

Cicero to S [...]ruius Sulpitius. Epist. 17.

I Loue Manius Curius, who negotiates at Patrae, vpon many and worthie occasions. For I haue both had auncient friendship with him; en [...]ertein'd at his first calling to the barre: and being sometime to goe to Patrae, as well before that miserable war, as in the time thereof, he freely alwayes offred mee his house. Which, if I had beene anie wayes vrged thereunto, I would haue vs'd as mine owne. And there is further, a more religious tye, as it were, betwixt vs, in that he is most familiar with our Atticus, and loues, and honours him aboue all others. If peraduenture you haue knowne him heretofore; I thinke the office I do him will come too late: for he is so noble, and worthie, that I iudge he hath alreadie beene commended vnto you by his owne demeanour. Which though it be so, yet I earnestly sollicite you, that if before the receipt [Page] of these, you had any enclination to do him good [...] now, in respect of this my further recommendation, you wi [...]l heape vpon him your most en [...]ire affection. But, b [...]ing of a very modest na [...]ure, if he came not to do [...] you [...]euerence, or, if yet you h [...]ue no g [...]eat knowledge o [...] him, or that for some occasion he hath need of further recommendation; I commend him after su [...]h a manner, as I am not able with greater aff [...]ction, or vppon more iust respects, to commend any liuing man vnto you. And I will do that, which they ought to performe, who religiously, & without ostentation recō mend. I will promise, nay, I doe promise you, and vpon my reputation, secure you, that the customes of Manius Curius are such, his bountie, and gentilitie of that qualitie, as when you know him, you will acknowledg him worthy of your friendship, and this my earnest commendation. Questionlesse, you shall doe me a singular fauour, if I vnderstand, that these letters tooke such effect with you, as to my selfe in writing them I promised. Farewell.

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Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 18.

I saw our friend Attic [...], become proud with ioy, vpon the receipt of courteous, and delightful letters, which you wrote vnto him. Which notwithstanding, I will not yeeld, to haue bin more acceptable to him, then to my selfe. For though they were equally welcome to vs both; yet I wondred, that you wrote and made such vnexpected offers to him, as, if he had intreated and sought vnto you, you could not more co [...]rteously haue answer'd him: (which notwithstanding we are assured in such a case you would not haue omitted.) About which, I ought not onely, not to entreat you, that you would performe it also more carefully for my respect; (for more cannot [...]ee done then of your selfe you haue promised) but not so much as to giue you thankes; beca [...]se you haue done it for his owne sake, and out of your owne free disposition. I must confesse notwithstanding, that what you haue done hath giuen me singular satisfaction; in that I cannot but take full contentment, that you should haue such an opinion of him, whom I so highly estimate. And being so, it cannot but bee [Page] acceptable of necessitie. But for all this; seeing by our domesticall amitie it is permitted me, that I may also commit a sinne in writing; both those offices, which I haue hitherto denyed, shall bee now performed. I desire therefore, that to the s [...]me demonstration of courtesie whic [...] you made for the sake of A [...]ticus, you will adde as much more, as by our loue towardes him may be procured. And whereas before I durst not be so bold as to giue you thankes, now I render them heartily: and desire that you would assure your selfe, that, for what c [...]urtesie soeuer in the businesses of Epir [...], or in any other respect, you oblige Attic [...] [...] for the same, in like manner will I esteeme my selfe to be oblieged. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 19.

LYso at Patrae, and I here, haue long time lodged one another: which domesticall friendship, in my opinion, ought to be respected, as a sacred mat [...]er. But, though I bee tied with many [...]thers, in this bond of hospitalitie: [...]here is none, that hath in me so fami [...]iar an interest. Which, for many pleasures [Page] he hath done me, and by continuall conuersation, is so augmen [...]ed, that there is nothing more intrinsicall, then our familiaritie. This man, remaining about a yeere in Rome, and leading his life so, as he liued with me; though wee were in great hope, that by my letters written in recommendation of his goods and substance; you would (himselfe not being there) take them, as you did, to your protection: yet all things remaining in one mans power, and Lyso taking part with vs, and arming himselfe in our assistance, we daily feared his occasions. Neuerthele [...]se, in that he is a man of quality, & because I fauored him, together with some other of his friends, we obtain'd of Caesar what he desired, which you shall haue notice of by Caesars letters. Now, though wee had our purpose, yet we doe not onely not forbeare, to commend him to you [...] as if wee had obtained all that was requisite: but further, with great efficacy wee importune you, to take Lyso into your loue, and protection. This mans doubtfull fortunes we did the more respectiuely commend vnto you, fearing lest some such accident might fall ou [...], that neither you could haue preuented. But now, that we are secure of his safetie; with speciall care I entreat you, to doe him all the fauours you are able. Amongst which, not to recount them, [Page] on [...] by one; I recommend vnto you in generall, his whole Familie. And, because Caius Me [...]mius G [...]mellus, my Clyent, being made a Citizen of Patrae, did, in the calamitie of his banishment, adopt the son of Lyso, according to the Lawes of Patrae; I request you, to vndertake the protection of this young man also; and to defend his cause, and the right of his inheritance. The maine is this, that you affect Lyso: whom I haue found to bee an honest man, and very thankfull for good turnes receiued. In doing this; I am assured, that in louing, and recommending him hereafter to any other, your selfe will bee of my iudgement, and disposition. I now vse this feruencie in his recommendation, not only because I desire beyond measure, that the matter may bee effected; but because I doubt, that if you doe not entirely fauour him therein, he may suppose, I ha [...]e writ [...]en but coldly in his behalfe; and not that you are vnmindefull of me: because, by my continuall discourse, and also by you [...] letters, he knowes sufficiently, what reckoning you make of me. Farewell.

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Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 20.

I Haue great acquaintance with Asclapo of Patrae, a Physician, and I haue taken great delight, both in his conuersation, and his Art; whereof I haue made triall in my friends infirmities. Wherein, both for his knowledge, fidelitie, and good will, I haue beene satisfied. This man therefore, I commend by these vnto you; entreating you so to handle the matter, that hee may perceiue, that I commended him with diligence; and that my commendation hath been his furtherance. Herein you shall doe me an especiall fa [...]our. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 21.

MArcus Aemilius A [...]ianus hath euer honoured and loued mee, euen from his youth: and hee is an honest and verie kinde man, and euerie way wondrous officious. If I thought hee were at Sicyon, and not at this present (where I le [...]t him; and, as I heare, hee [Page] is remaining) at Cibyra. I should not need to write vnto you further of him: being assured, that hee by his ciuill customes, and kinde behauiour, without any recommendation, would cause himselfe to be no lesse of you, then hee is of me, and the rest of his friends, beloued. But, because I thinke hee is absent, I most effectually commend his house vnto you, which is in Sicyon: and his moueables: and aboue all, his Free-man, Caius Auianus Ammonius: whom, for his owne sake, I commend vnto you, as one that I make good esteeme of, not onely because he is a louing and faithfull seruant towards his master, but by reason, that in my most intricate troubles, I had both loyall and friendly seruic [...]s from him, as if I, of a slaue, had made him a Free-man. And therefore I require at your hands, as a speciall fauour, that both in his Masters matters, you would a [...]sist the said Ammonius, as his Agent; and that you will loue him for his owne deserts, and repute him as one of yours. You [...]hall finde him modest, officious, and worthie of your fauour. Farewell.

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Cicero to Serui [...] Sulpitius. Epist. 22.

I Make great account of Titus Manliu [...], who negotiates at Thespiae: For, hee euer respected, and honoured me, and he delights in the same studies, whereunto wee stand affected. To which may bee added, that Varro Murena affects him greatly, and desires to doe him any pleasure: though hee repos'd great hopes in those letters, wherein Murena had recommended him vnto you: yet he verily beleeues, that my recommendation will doe him greater pleasure. I was therefore enforced, partly through the familiaritie of Manlius; and then, out of Murena's affection, to write vnto you, as effectually as I could. And, if in regard of this my recommendation, you shall bee moued, to shew him the greatest fauour and courtesie, that you euer vouchsafed: that is, if you assist, and giue satisfaction to Titus Manlius, with all care, wherein, without preiudice to your owne honour, you may both fauour, and further him; I shall thinke I haue receiu'd from you a singular courtesie and besides, I assure you, that from his most pleasing and affable demeanour you shall receiue that content, which [Page] you vse to expect from good men, and officious. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 23.

LVcius Cossinius is my friend, and of the same Tribe that I am: there passeth great familiaritie betwixt vs. For, our conuersation is not onely ancient, but through At [...]icus growne greater. So that the whole familie of Cossinius loues me; and especially Lucius C [...]ssinius Anchialus, his Free-man, who is of great esteeme, both with his Mast [...], & his masters frends, of which number I am one. I commend him vnto you, so, as if he were mine own Free-man, and in the same esteeme with mee, as hee is with his Master, I could not with greater efficacie recommend him [...] you shall therefore doe mee a wonderfull pleasure, if you accept of him into your ami [...]ie, and fauour, Wherein soeuer you are able, without your owne inconuenience. Herein I shall remaine much satisfied, and your selfe contented. For you will finde him to bee verie honest, courteous, and obseruant. Farewell.

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Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 24.

TAking contentment in my courtesie, when I remembred, how zealously I had commended Lyso, my guest and familiar friend, vnto you. I was afterwards much better satisfied, that I had so effectually commended him: vnderstanding by his letters, that you had found those relations false, which had been giuen of him. For he wrote vnto mee, that my [...]ecommendation stood him in great stead; in that it had been told you, that he vs'd in Rome, to speake liberally to your dishonour: wherein, though he write vnto mee, that through your nobilitie, and courtesie, hee hath iu [...]tified himselfe vnto you. Neuerthelesse, as [...]ought, I first giue you exceeding great thankes, that my letters preuail'd so far with you, as after the reading of them, you let fall all distaste receiued, from the false reports, which you had heard of Lyso. And then, I would haue you giue credit to my vnfained words, (for I write not this more for Lyso, then for euerie man;) That I neuer heard any man make mention of you, without your singular commendation. And Lyso being almost euerie day with me; hee continually praised your [Page] words and actions, not onely because he thought I willingly gaue care therunto; but in that, wt desire, himselfe entred into speech thereof. Wherfore, though now you so entertaine him, that from henceforth hee needes not my recommendation, and beleeues, that my firs [...] letters suffice, to obtaine that of you, which he desireth: yet, I entreat you, as earnestly as I am able, that you will embrace him, with all lo [...]e, and courtesie. I would write vnto you of his qualities, as I did in my former letters, but that I am assured at this time, hee is of himselfe sufficiently knowne vnto you. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 25.

HAgesaretus Larissaeus, receiuing great fauours [...]rom me in my Consul [...]hip, hath been mindefull, and thankfull, and euer since, hath wi [...]h all respect honour'd me. I really rec [...]mmend him vnto you, as one th [...]t hath giuen me entertainment, that is, my familiar friend; and a thankfull honest man; the che [...]fest of his towne, and most worthie of your acquaintance. You shall do me a speciall fauour, if you giue [Page] him cause to conceiue, that this my recommendation hath beene powerfull with you. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 26.

LVcius Messinius is thus intrinsecall with me, because he was my Quaestor: But this intrinsecalitie, which I out of the custome of our Predecessors, mu [...]h respected; hee, by his owne vertue, and nobilitie, hath encreased. And therefore there is no man, with whom I conuerse more willingly, nor with greater famili [...]ritie. This man, though he seemes confident, that in regard of himselfe, you would readily doe him any reasonable pleasure, within your power; is, notwithstanding hopefull, that my letters may be of great authoritie with you. And besides, that of himselfe he conceiued thus much; he had, by our daily conuersation also, often vnderstood by me, what pleasing and especiall amitie, there was betwixt vs. I e [...]treat you therefore, with as great affection, as you see I am bound to entreat, for so inward and familiar a [Page] friend; that you would declare the sutes he hath in Achaia, as heire to Marcus Mindius, his brother, who did negotiate in Elis; & not onely dispatch them in equitie, by the po [...]er you haue; but also by your councel, & authority. For, wee haue giuen expr [...]se commission to our Agen [...]s in those parts, that in all cases of difficultie, they should retaine you for th [...]ir [...]udge, and make vse of your endeuor, [...]o it were not with your discommodititie: which charge vouchsafe, I beseech you, to vndergoe, on the behalfe of mine honour. Besid [...]s this, if you thi [...]ke it no preiudice to your repu [...]ation, you shall doe m [...]e a [...]ingular pleasure, if they bee so litigious, that they will not take vp the matt [...]r without suite, to referre them to Rome, considering they haue to doe with a Senatour. Which, that you may performe with l [...]s [...]e doubt, wee haue so wrought, that Marcus L [...]pidus, the Consull, hath writt [...]n to you thereof, not comm [...]nding, (for wee thought that might bee some disparagement to your reputation) but after a manner, requesting therein your fauour. I wo [...]ld write, how happily the benefit you conferre vpon Messinius would bee bestowed; but first, I am confident, that you consider it. Then, I would haue you thinke, you doe it [...]or my selfe. For, I promise, and as [...]u [...]e you, that his [...]akes no l [...]sse impressiō in [Page] my heart, then if it were mine owne businesse. But, besides my desire, that hee may without anie trouble enioy that, which in right belongs vnto him. I would bee also glad, hee might vnderstand, that no small matter hath accru'd vnto him by my recommendation. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpitius. Epist. 27.

THough I haue occasion to write manie times vnto you, after one for me, in that I am to giue you thanks, because you so carefullie obserue my recommendations: which office I haue both heretofore performed, and so farre as I perceiue, shall doe it often. Yet will. I not be sparing of my paines, but as you vse in your actions of Law, so will I doe in my Epistles, writing to you of the same matter in a diuers manner. I say therefore, that Caius Auianus Ammonius hath giuen me infinite thanks by letters, both in his owne name, and in the behalfe of Marcus Aemilius Auianus, his Master; giuing me [Page] to vnderstand, the honourable entertainment afforded vnto himselfe; and the vnspeakable courtesie hee receiued, in regard of his absent Master; which loue and courtesie of yours, as it hath been deere vnto me in their occasions, whom I, mou'd by our inward amitie, and neere vnion, had recommended vnto you; in that Marcus Aemilius is one of the most domesticall, and intimate friends I haue; and a person, both oblieged to me for my great benefits; and after a sort, aboue all others, that appeare to haue be [...]ne bound vnto mee, most thankfull: so was it much more deare vnto me, to perceiue you carried so good a minde towards mee, that you pleasure my friends, peraduenture more then I should do; if I were there present. And I beleeue it, because I should be more sparing in their occasions, then you are in affording mee fauour. But I make no doubt, but you conceiue, that I take it in great good part. I praie you, repute them also to bee thankfull men. Which I promise, and affirme vnto you. Wherefore, I would haue you procure, if you maie without anie in conueniencie, that they may accommodate all their businesses, while you hold the gouernment of Ach [...]ia. I lead a pleasant life with your Seruius, for we are euer in conuersation: And he yeelds me great delight, partlie [Page] by his wit, and singular endeuour, and partly by his vertue, and honest disposition. Farewell.

Cicero to Seruius Sulpus. Epist. 28.

THough I willingly seeke vnto you in the occurrents of my friends, yet I am more willingly thankefull, when you haue done any thing, as you doe alwayes vpon my recommendat [...]on. For you would not beleeue, how manie thankes they returne me, whom I commended vnto you; yea, euen they in whose recommendation I wrote but coldly. All which things are acceptable to me; but the courtesie you shew'd to Lucius M [...]ssinius, is most acceptable. For he told me, that you had no sooner read my letters, but you presently offred all your assistance to his agents, and that afterwards in effects, you did farre more then in words you had promised. I would haue you therefore to thinke, (for I can neuer be satisfied in vttering it) that you haue done me her [...]in a singular pleasure. Wherein I reioyce the more, obseruing that f [...]om [Page] the same Messinius, great contentment will accrew vnto you. For besides his being valiant, [...]ull of courtesie, and bountie, and readie to honour any man: he is also studious in that learning with which being hertofore delighted, our life also is now nourished. In a word, I would haue you augment your benefits, in all his occurrents, when you may performe it with your honor: but in two things I namely entreate you. First, if in making an acquittance to the partie, any securitie be required, that you will vse the meanes, securitie may be giuen him in my name. Then, considering the whole enheritance in a manner consists in those goods, which Oppia, sometimes Mindius wife hath purloyned; that you procure and find a meane, that this woman may bee brought to Rome. Which when shee perceiues shall come to passe, I am of opinion we shall end the businesse: let me therefore r [...]quest you to giue vs this contentment. What I haue heretofore written I confirme vnto you, and vpon my credi [...] assure you, that the pleasures which [...]ither you haue, or shall conferre vpon M [...]ssinius, shall be so well bestowed, that yourselfe will iudge, that you haue shewed fauour, to a very gratefull person, and ingenuous. For to that which you haue perform'd for my sake, I would also haue this addition. Againe, [Page] I doe not thinke that the Lacedaemonij any waies doubt, but that you wil so receiue them vnder your protection, as befitteth your faith, and equitie; and as their predecessors dignitie deserueth. And I, as he that knowes you well, neuer doubted, but that you are fully enformed of the rights, & deserts of each people. Whereupon when Philippus, the Lacedaemonian requested me, that I would recommend vnto you the cittie: though I call'd to minde, that I was bound vnto that Cittie; yet I answered him, that the Lacedaemonij, with you, needed no recommendation. So that I would haue you build vpon this; that I, considering the present troubles, repute all the Citties of Achaia happie, that you gouerne them. And likewise I suppose, that you hauing not onely read ouer our Records, but those also of the Graecians, out of your voluntary accord, you neither can, nor will be other then a friend to the Lacedaemonians. Wherefore I onely request you, that when you shew the Lacedaemonians those fauours, which stand with your credit, dignitie, and equitie; if you thinke good, cause them to vnderstand, that you are desirous to heare, that the pleasures which you doe them, may by me also be approued. For it concernes me, that they should beleeue, that I haue a care of their Interests. This, I request you, with [Page] the greatest zeale that I am able. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Plancus. Epist. 29.

I Make no question but you conceiue, how, amongst all those friends your Father left you, I am nearest vnto you; not onely for those reasons, which carrie a great apparence of alliance; but also for those, that consist in familiaritie, and conuersation. The which you know, betweene your father and mee were the greatest, and most delightsome in the world. From these beginnings spring the loue which I beare you. Which loue made our amitie greater, then that wee held with your Father. And so much the more, because I perceiued, that so soone as you attain'd to the yeares, to be able to iudge, in what proportion euery one deseru'd to be esteemed of you; that you began to honor, obserue, and loue me aboue all others. Besides all this, we were knit together with a farre firmer knot; as by the knot of studies: which of it selfe greatly imports; especially being of those studies, and those vertues, which of themselues procure, that the parties [Page] which are of one minde, are also conioyn'd in familiaritie. I suppose you expect, what this far-fetcht discourse will tend vnto. First therefore, you shall vnderstand, that I haue not ript vp this commemoration, without great and worthie respects. I frequent most familiarly with Ca [...]us Atteius Capito. You know both the prosperous, and contrary euents of my affairs. Both in the one, and th'other, I haue made proofe o [...] Capito' [...] good will, and affection. And I did not on [...]ly m [...]ke vse, of his endeuour, authoritie, and fauour, but also of his goods, according as the necessitie of my good, or bad Fortunes required. Titus Antis [...]ius was a kinsman, to this man; Who by accident being Quaestor of Maced [...]nia; and hauing no successor therein; Pompe [...]us went thither with his Armie. An [...]istius could not doe as he would. For if hee might: his greatest contentment had beene, to haue return'd to Capito, whom he loued as a Father: especially conceiuing what an esteeme, he [...]uer had, and did make of Caesar. But being vnder anothers power, and in that hee could doe no lesse; he tooke vpon him some commaund. When the moneys were coin'd in Apo [...]nia, I cannot say that he had the ouer-seeing thereof, nor denie that he was present; But certainly, not aboue two or three moneths. From that time [Page] forward, he neuer was in the Campe: he shunned all command. Beleeue th [...]s from me, as a most true testimonie. For he obseru'd my discontentment in that warre: he imparted all his secrets to me. Whereupon he retir'd to hide himselfe in Macedonia, flying from the Campe as far as he could: and not on [...]ly from taking vpon him any charge, but from being so much as present From thence, after the battaile fought, he went into Bithynia, to A [...]lus Plancius his verie good friend. There Caes [...]r seeing him, he gaue him not one bitter, nor sharpe word [...] he enioyned him to come to Rome. A few d [...]ies after he fell sicke, and recouer'd not that sicknesse; Hee c [...]me sicke to Corcyra, and there dyed. Of his goods, by force of a will that he made in Rome, when Paulus and Marcellus were Consulls, Capito, of twelue parts, is to enioy ten: the other two parts fall to them, whose portion, without any iust compla [...]n [...] of any man, falls to the Publicke: and amounts to the value of nine hundred Crownes. My Plancus, for the inward am [...]tie, that passed sometimes betwixt me and your Father; and for the loue we beare one another; For our studies sake, and conformable manner of life we haue alwaies obserued; I request and entreat you, as effectually, and perswasiuely as I am able, that you will repute it as [Page] mine owne su [...]e, and employ therein your whole power: and so procure, that Capito by this recommendation, and by meanes of your fauour, and Caesars benefit, may obtaine his kinsmans enheritance. All the fauours, which in this high renowne, and esteeme you are in with Caesar, I could haue had graunted from you vpon request: I will thinke conferred vpon me, out of your owne voluntarie free will, if you doe but graunt me this petition. And because you may the more readily encline, to comfort him herein, behold one reason well knowne to Caesar himselfe; that Capito euer bare wonderfull loue, and great respect to Caesar. But Caesar himselfe can testifie thus much. I know he hath a verie good memorie, and therefore I'le mention it no further. I require nothing else, but that you will moue Caesar in the cause of Capito, with equall zeale, to the memoriall you shall perceiue, that he retaineth of Capito. I'le deliuer vnto you, what experience I haue made of him: of what validitie it is, your selfe shall iudge. You vnderstand what part I tooke, & what cause was by me defended. You are priuie, what men, and what societie of men I followed. Of thus much be assured: that if in this warre, I perform'd any thing against Caesars mind, I was aduis'd, [...]xhorted, and euen driuen vnto it by [Page] others: and I am not ignorant, how Caesar himselfe knowes, that I was violently ha [...]d thereunto: but if in the same warre, I bare my selfe more temperately, and moderately then anie other; Capito was the man that councelled and perswaded me so to doe: like to whom, if my other friends had bin, peraduenture it might haue beene profitable to the Common-wealth, and my selfe (I know) I should haue infinitely benefitted. Now, my Plan [...]us, if you satisfie me in this my desire, I shall bee confirmed in my hopes, that I am of you beloued: and you shall gaine the same Capito, a most thankefull, officious, and very honest friend, in requitall of a fauour so important. Farewell.

Cicero to Acilius Vice-Consull. Ep. 30.

LVcius Manlius Sosis was sometimes of Catina, but he is now become a Romaine Cittizen, together with th'other Neapolitanes, and was created Decurio of Naples. For before it was granted to the con [...]ederates of the people of Rome, to be free denizens, and to those of Latium; he was chosen cittizen of the Towne of Naples. His brother [Page] not long since died in Catin [...]. Wee doe not thinke, he will any waies be crost, about the inheritances descended to him; for he is now in possession of them: but in that besides these goods, he hath other old negotiations in Sicilia, I recommend vnto you both this inheritance, left him by his brother, and all other his affaires: but aboue all, I commend himselfe vnto you, as a man of great integritie, my very familiar friend, and one that is adorned with those studies of doctrine, and that learning, wherein I especially am delighted. I request you therefore, that whether he be there, or not, you would call to mind, that he is one of my most intimate, and dearest friends: and entreat you to carry your s [...]lf [...] towards him, that he may perceiue, that my recommendation did afford him great assistance. Farewell.

Cicero to Acilius Vice-consull. Epist. 31.

I Frequent Caius Flauius, a Romaine Knight, of noble discent, and honourable estate, verie domestically: In that he was a viscerall friend of Caius Piso, my sonne in law: and in that not onely [Page] he, but also Fla [...]ius his brother, obserues me wi [...]h all respect. I would haue you therefore, to honour me, shew him all those fauours, and courtesies, which you m [...]y honestly performe, a [...]d without empeachment to your dignitie. I will take it for so great k [...]ndnesse, as you cannot doe me a gr [...]ater. And moreouer, I as [...]ure you, (not out of vaine glory; but because out of ou [...] familiaritie, friendship, and truth it sel [...]e, I may affirme it.) You shall find Caius Fl [...]uius so o [...]ficious, and respectiue, and withall so bountifull: and so esteem'd of all his friends, as you will remaine much satisfied in hauing pleasur'd him. Farewell.

Cicero to Acilius Vice-consull. Epist. 32.

IN Alesa, a pleasant, and noble cittie, dwell Marcus, Clodius, Archagathus; and Caius Clodius Philo, who in respect of the domesticall entertainments, and familiaritie that passe betwix [...], vs are my singular good friends. But because I commend many men vnto you with equall importunitie, I feare least it may seeme, that out of a certaine ambition, I am led to preferre all my recommendations [Page] after one manner. Though in truth, you satisfie to the full, both mee, and all those whom I recommend vnto you. But you must vnderstand, that this familie; especially these; are conioyned to mee, as well by the ancient acquaintance we haue had togeather; as also through the mutuall offices wee haue interchanged; and breefly in respect of the loue wee beare one another. And therefore I request you as effectually as I can, that you will afford all those furtherances to the abouementioned, which may stand with your credit, and dignitie. And in so doing, I shall receiue inestimable contentment. Farewell.

Ci [...]ero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 33.

CNeius Otacilius Naso is my very dome [...]ticall friend, and so neere, that I haue not with any man of his ranke, more priuate conuersation. For dailie keeping him companie, I take wonderfull pleasure, and contentment, in his nobilitie, and honest disposition. It imports not that you should regard, in what words I recommend him to you, he being so familiar with mee as I [Page] haue written. He hath certaine businesses in your Prouince; where Hilarius, Antigonus, and Demostratus, his Free-men, sollicite them. These, togeather with th'affaires of Naso, I no otherwise recommend vnto you, then if they were mine owne. I shall repute i [...] for a singular pleasure, to heare, that this my commendation preuailed with you more then ordinarie. Farewell.

Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 34.

MY deceased progenitors, and those of Lyso Lilybaetanus, sonne to Lyso, made a friendship in respect of the hospitalitie which passed betwixt them, which we hau [...] successiuelie preserued. And besides, hee greatly obserues me: and I haue found him a man worthie of such a father, and grand-father; for he is of a most noble Familie. And therefore with the greatest zeale I am able, I recomme [...]d vnto you his house, and substance. And I require it at your hands as a speciall fauour, that you will cause him to perceiue, that my recommendation of him to you, turned vnto his great honor, and benefit. Farewell.

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Cicero to Acilius vice-C [...]nsull. Epist. 35.

CAius A [...]i [...]nus Philoxenus, is au [...]ciently wo [...]t to entertaine me; and besid [...]s, he is my very familiar friend. Caesar at my request made him a cittizen amongst the Nouocomenses. Besides hee hath taken vpon him the name of Auianus, because hee was more then any man domesticall friend of Flaccus Auianus. This [...]laccus, I thinke, you know to be my very louing acquaintance. All which things I r [...]p vp, to informe you, that this my recommendation is not vulgar. I therefore request you to assist him, whereinsoeuer you may without your own preiudice: and repute him in the number of your friends: and make him by any meanes to vnderstand, that my [...]resent letters, gaue him great [...]u [...]th [...]rance. And I shall take it for a speciall fauour. Farewell.

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Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 36.

DEmetrius Mega and I, haue of long time, vs'd to lodge one another; and there is betwixt vs so great acquaintance, as there is neuer a Sicilian more familiar with me. Dolabella by my entreatie, obtain'd [...]rom Caesar, that he was made free-denizen: Whereat I was present. And therefore hee is now called Publius Cornelius. And Caesar hauing ordain'd, that the Table, wherin, the names of new created cittizens were engrauen, should bee cancelled, and taken away, by reason of the abhominable auarice of such, as sold his fauours in this respect granted, for money, he said in my presence to Dolabella, that he should take no care for Mega; [...]or he would haue the fauour, which he intended to him take effect. This I thought good to tell you, to the end you might esteeme him in the number of the Roman [...] ci [...]tizens. And in any occasions, I commend him after such a manner, that I neuer with greater affection, recommended any man vnto you. If you [...]o entreat him, that hee may discerne, that he was much graced by my commendation, you shall doe me an acceptable kindene [...]se. Farew [...]ll.

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Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 37.

WIth the greatest desire possible, I commend vnto you, Hippia Calatinus sonne to Philoxenus, my host, and very good friend. His goods, as I heare say, against the priuiledges of the Calati [...]j, are possessed by the publike, for certaine moneyes, which he owes to others. And if it be so: without my recommendation, the busin [...]s it selfe, may inuite your equ [...] tie to assist him. But howsoeuer; I [...]equest so much fauour at your hands, as to dispatch him, and to procure him all conueniencie in these, or any other his occasions, so farre forth as may stand with your credit, and dignitie. This will highly content mee. Farewell.

Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 38.

LVcius Brutus a Romane Cauallier, and a compleat young man, is my g [...]e [...]t [...]riend; and much [...]espects mee. B [...]sides, I haue had speciall amitie with [Page] his father, euer since my Quaestorship in Sicilia. It is true that this Brutus, is now in Rome with me. But for all [...]his, I commend vnto you his familie, goods and solliciters, with as much efficacie, as I am able. You shall fauour mee highlie, if by the effects you manifest vnto Brut [...]s, that my recommendation, was as beneficiall vnto him, as I had promis'd him. Farewell.

Cicero to Acilius vice-Consull. Epist. 39.

VVIth the Titurnian Familie, I haue had ancient, and inward friendship; of which there remaines onlie, Marcu [...] Titurnius Rufus, whom I am bound to take care of, and; to vse all endeauour, and discharge all offices I am able, for his benefit. It lies in you, to let him vndersta [...]d, tha [...] I am of power to [...]ssist him. And therefo [...]e I speciallie recommend him vnto you, and request you to worke so, that hee may perceiue that he was greatly fur [...]hered by my recommendation. And I shall receiue, it as a great courtesie [...] Farewell.

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Cicero to Quintus Ancharius, vice-Consull sonne to Quintus. Epist. 40.

I Very familia [...]ly conuerse with Lucius, and Caius Aurelius, as likewise with Lucius their father, a man of rare integritie. These young men therefore, ado [...]n'd with all commendable vertues, my dea [...]e friens, and wor [...]hie of your amitie, I most heartily recommend vnto you. If euer any recommendation of mine, p [...]uailed with you, (and I know many haue greatly preuaild) I pray let this take place. And if you entreat them honorablie, and courteouslie; first, you shall oblige vnto you, two most gratefull, and ver [...]uous young men: and besides, you shall he [...]rein doe me a pri [...]cipall pleasure. Farewell.

Cicero to Lucius Culleolus. Epist. 41.

THe kinde offices you haue perform [...]d, to the benefit of Lu [...]ius Lu [...] c [...]us, haue beene assuredly conferr [...]d vpon a very gratefull person, and y [...]u [Page] haue not onely pleasured him, but also Pompeius: who, whensoeuer he sees me, (and hee sees me very often) hee re [...]urnes such [...]hankes, as more affectionate cannot be giuen. I will also tell you this, that I am certaine you shall receiue great contentment; for I [...]inde an inestimable satisfaction, in your loue, and kindnes shewed to Lucceius. Now, though I doubt not, but that you, hauing heeretofore vsed so great humanitie towards him for our respect, will (not to be held vnconstant) still continue it. Neuerthelesse, I requ [...]st it at your hands, as [...] speciall f [...]uour, that what you promis'd from the beginning [...] and pe [...]formed in effect: you would be pleas'd to augment from good to better, and to bring it to a full perfection. I affirme, and assure you, that you shall heerein doe a grea [...] pleasure, to Lucceius, and [...]mpeius; and you shall receiue both [...]rom th'one, and th'other worthie recompence. A few daies since, I wrot care [...]ully vnto you, about the state of the Common-wealth, of matters heere, and of our resolution: and I deliuerd the letters to your seruants. Farewell.

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Cicero to Lucius Culleolus, vice-Consull. Epist. 42.

LVcius Lucceius my friend, a man beyond all others gratefull, talking with me, highly commended you; declaring to me, how freely and liberallie you offered your selfe to his Sollicitors. If your courteous words were so acceptable to him; what suppose you, will effects be, when you hold promise with him, as I hope you will. It is true, that th [...] Bylliones haue said, they would satis [...]i [...] Lucceius, in what manner soeuer, should bee pleasing to Pompeius: but, that this busines may sort to a good end, it is verie requisite, that yo [...] should int [...]rpose your pleasure, authori [...]ie [...] and command. Which I earn [...]stly intreat you. And I am wonderfully pleas'd, that th'Agents of Luc [...]eius perceiue, and that Lucc [...]ius himselfe by your letters written to him, hath vnderstood, that no mans authoritie or fauour can doe more with you, then mine owne. And that hee may haue try [...]ll thereof, let me once more, and often request you. Farewell.

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Cicero to Quintus Gallius. Epist. 43.

ALthough I hope, that in many things, you will c [...]use me to perc [...]iue, (as long si [...]ce I haue seene) that I am beloued [...]f you: [...]euerth [...]les, an occasio [...] no [...] pr [...]n [...] it s [...]l [...]e, th [...]t you may easilie [...]forme mee, of th [...] loue you beare me. Luc [...] Oppius [...]onne to Marcus, ne [...]otiat [...]s in [...]hilo [...]el [...] [...] [...] is my fam [...]liar acquaintance. And I recommen [...] him [...]o you, with all [...]fficacie: and so much the more, in that besides the aff [...]ction I beare to h [...]mselfe, he sollicites the busines of Lucius Egnatius R [...]us, with whom I conu [...]r [...] more domestically, th [...]n with any other R [...]mane Caualli [...]re: and is neere vnto me, as well by reason of our continuall conuersation; as our mutu [...]ll exchange of many, and gr [...]at of [...]ices. I entreat you the [...]fore, that you will so loue Oppius present; and take the affaires of Egnatius absent, into your pro [...]ection, as if they were mine owne occasions. I would h [...]ue you [...]o make a memoriall, and commit it to some one of your followers, who, when you arriue in your Prouince, may redeliuer it you. But write it in such sort, that in reading it, you may readily call to [Page] minde, how precisely I made you this recommendation. This, of all loue, I request you. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Gallius. Epist. 44.

THough both by your own letters, and those of Lucius Oppius my familiar friend, I vnderstood, that you haue b [...]ene minde [...]ull of my r [...]commendation: whereat I wondred not, considering your infinite loue towards [...]e, and the great friendship that pass [...]th betwixt vs. Yet once againe, with all care I recommend vnto you, Lucius Oppius present, and the affaires of my most familiar friend Lucius Egnatius, being absent; The friendship, and familiaritie I hold with him is so great, that if mine owne Interests were handled, I could not bee any waies more care [...]ull. You shall therefore doe me a speciall fauour, if you so effect, that he may perceiue, that I am so much beloued of you, as I seeme to perswade my selfe to be. You can not doe me a greater pleasure: and I earnestly request it. Far [...]well.

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Cicero to Apul [...]ius vice-Quaestor. Epist. 45.

I So familiarly conuerse, with Lucius Egnatius, a Roman [...] Knight: as there is none of his qualitie, that is so inward with me. I commend vn [...]o you Anchialus his seruant, and the businesses he hath in Asia, as if I commended vnto you, any affaires of mine owne. And I would haue you vnderstand, that wee doe not onely, daily, and d [...]mestically conuerse togeather; but fur [...]her, great fauours haue passed, from one of vs, to the other. Wherfore I earnestly request you, so to procure, that he may vnd [...]rstand, that I wrote vnto you, very effectually. Of your good disposition towards me, he made no question: and I heartily intreate you for performance. Farewell.

Cicero to Ap [...]leius, vice Quaestor. Epist. 46.

LVcius Nostius Zoilus, is [...]o-heire, as I am; to his master. To this effect I haue written, both, to giue you no [...], that I haue some cause to be his [Page] friend; and that you might esteeme him for an honest man, seeing his master so r [...]puted him. I recommend him therefore vnto you, as one of our familie. And I shal be very glad, that you would giue him occasion to know, that this my recommendation, turned to his helpe, and furtherance. Farewell.

Cicero to Silius. Epist. 47.

TO what end should I recommend a man vn [...]o you, whom you fauour? Neuertheles, that you may perceiue, that he is not only liked, but beloued of me, I haue written these vnto you. Of all the pleasures, you euer did me, which, to say the truth, are many, and very important, it would bee most acceptable to me, if you would so vse Egnatius, that he may p [...]rceiue, that hee's of mee, and I of you beloued. This I request of you, with the greatest desire possible. There is not now, that former estate of the Common-wealth, which gaue such conten [...]ment. Let them be comforted therefore in saying, as the vulgar do: who knows, that this may not proue for the best? but wee'le talke of that at our meeting. Hold you [Page] on your course, that you may loue me, and know that I loue you. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Sextilius Rufus, Quaestor. Epist. 48.

I Recommend vnto you all the Cyprij, but more espec [...]ally the Paphij. Wherin soeuer you assist them, I shall greatly be obliged. And this office of recommending them, I performe so much the more willingly [...] because I suppose it will also redownd (as I desire) to your owne commendation, comming first Quaestor into that Island, to institute those orders, according to which, others are to bee gouerned. Which, as I hope, you may the more easily effect, if you doe but follow the law, of your louing friend Publius L [...]ntulus; and the orders by me constituted. Which, I am con [...]ident, will purchase you great estimation. Farewell.

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Cicero to Curius vice-Consull. Epist. 49.

QVintus Pomp [...]ius sonne to Sextus, is for many and ancient respects of amitie interessed in me. If this man heeretofore were accustomed to preserue his goods, by my recommendations, fauour, and dignitie: Questionlesse now, when you gouerne the Prouince, by meanes of my letters, hee must needs take comfort in obseruing, that he was neuer so highly recommended vnto any, as at this present vnto you. Wherefore I request you earnestly, that whereas, for our priuate amities sake, you are to obserue all my friends as your owne; aboue all others, take this man so to your protection, that he may perceiue, that nothing could haue turned more to his honor and benefit, then my recommendation. Farewell.

Cicero to Aristus vice-Consull. Epist. 50.

YOur obseruance of me, which I manifestly discern'd, when wee were togeather at Brundusium, giues me [Page] encouragement to write with familiaritie, and as it were, with authoritie unto you, when any thing falls out that imports me. Marcus Curio, who negoti [...] ted at Patrae, is so domesticall with me, as a nearer acquaintance can not bee deuised. I haue receiu'd many benefits from him, and he as many from mee. And which is aboue all; we beare one another singular affection. Which being so: as you haue any hope in my amitie; as you would make the fauours, and courtesies you shewed me at Brundusium, to bee of greater accept [...]nce, (though they were most acceptable:) & as you seeme to be beloued of al yours: grant, and bestow vpon me this kindenes, that Manius Curius suffer no preiudice; and that by you, he may be freely exempted, from all exaction, detriment, and molest [...]tion. And I assure you; and all your friends in my behalfe shall warrant, that from [...]y friendship, and your humanitie vs'd vnto me, great benefit, and contentment shall acc [...]ew vnto you. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius C [...]sius. Ep. 51.

PVblius Messi [...]nus, a Romane Knight, is a man so q [...]alifi [...]d, and compleat, [Page] as he is in nothing defectiue; and besides, he is my most Familiar friend [...] Wherfore, with the greatest care I can, I recommend him to you, entreating you both for ours, and our fathers friendship, to take him to your protection, and to haue a care of his goods, and honour; you shall binde vnto you a verie honest man, and one that's worthie of your friendship: and for mee you shall heerein doe an acceptable office. Farewell.

Cicero to Rex. Epist. 52.

AV [...]us Licin [...]us Aris [...]oteles, of M [...]lita, hath anciently entertained me, and is besides, my familiar acquaintance, out of the daily conuer [...]ation hath pass'd betwixt vs. For which reasons I assure my selfe, you will hold him the more effectually recommended: because I vnderstand by many, that you make g [...]eat esteeme of my recommendation. This man, by my meanes, obtained pardon of Caes [...]r: For he tooke part with mee, in the behalfe of Pompeius: and perseuered longer in action, th [...]n I did. The which very respect, in my iudgement, should make you conceiue the better of him. [Page] Procure therfore my Rex, that he may, finde that these letters did highly pleasure him. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Thermus vice-Praetor. Epist. 53.

OF long time, I haue had familiar acquaintance with Lucius Genucilius Curuus a very honest, and gratefull man. I recommend him to you in the best manner I can [...] and cast him wholly into your armes; entreating you, to be fauourable to him, in all his occurrents, so farre as your trust, and dignitie will suffer you. And well it may in all things suffer you, for I know, he will require nothing, but that which shall be correspondent, asw [...]ll to yours, as to his owne honest disposition. But par [...]icularly I commend vnto you, his business [...]s in H [...]llespon [...]us. First, that he be permitted to enioy the priuiledge of the exemption of lands granted him by decree, and giuen him by the cittie of Parium, which he hath euer enioyed without controuersie; And further, if he haue Suite with any one of Hellespontus, th [...]t you will refer it to that Diocesse. But seeing in generall, I haue commended him [...]o you, with such efficacie, me thinkes I should not so particularly write of his affaires. The summe [Page] is this: all courtesie, benefit, and honor, which you shal place on Gen [...]cilius, I wil repute it as performe [...] to my selfe, and for mine owne interest's. Farewell.

Cicero to Thermus vice-Praetor. Epist. 54.

OF many offices, which you haue per [...]ormed, vpon my recommendation, there's none, for which I hold my selfe mo [...]e bound vnto you, then for the singular cou [...]t [...]sie vsed to Marcus Marcilius, so [...] vnto my friend, and my interpreter. Who comming to Laodicea, highly extolled you, and gaue me infinite thankes, because at my request, you had conf [...]rred vpon him your fauour. Wherefore nothing now remaines, but to request you, that seeing you bes [...]ow benefits on grat [...]full persons, that you will for this respect, be the more fauourable to them; and v [...]e all meanes, that stand with your reputation, that the mother in law of the said young man, be not cal'd in question. As before I carefully commended Marcilius, so now I recommend him much more carefully, hauing by long seruice had experience of the singular, and as it were, incredible fidelitie, abstinence, and modestie, of the father of Marcilius. Farewell.

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Cicero to Thermus vice-Praetor. Epist. 55.

THough, me thought I perceiu'd, when I talked with you in Ephesus, about the businesse of Marcus Anneius my Legate, how you were readie vpon all occasions to doe him pleasure; neuerthelesse, both the same Marcus Anneius, is [...]o deare vnto me, that I am enclin'd to effect any thing, that may bee for his benefit; and I esteeme my selfe so neare vnto him, as I am assured, that besides your [...]ormer disposition to doe him good, you will adde a new desire of fauouring him, vpon my commendations. For [...]hough I haue loued Marcus Anneius of long time, and conceiue that opinion of him which th'effects demonstrate, hauing voluntarily chosen him Legate; which office hath bin sued [...]or by many, whom I euer refused: neuerthelesse, seeing he was with mee, in the warre; and in the managing of military actions, I discern'd in him so great valour, prudence, fidelitie, and good will towards me; that there are none more deare vnto me then himselfe. You know how he is in sutes, with the Sardiani. In Ephesus I in [...]orm'd you of the cause, which notwithstanding you shall face to face better, and more [Page] easily vnderstand. For the rest, I haue qu [...]stionl [...]sse beene long doubtfull, how I should w [...]ite vnto you: it being plaine, & to you [...] great commendation made manifest, after what manner you administer Iustice: and we hauing neede of nothing else, but that you will proceed according to your vsuall fashion. Notwithsta [...]ding, be [...]ng not conceal'd from me, of what authoritie a Praetor is; especial [...]y, if he be of that integritie, grauitie, and clemencie, wherewith, it is openly knowne, you are endowed: I request you, for our friendly league, and for our equall, and mutuall offices; that with authoritie, endeuour, and fauour, you will so procure, that Marcus Ann [...]ius may vnderstand, both, that you lou'd him heretofore, as he supposeth, and hath often told me: and that my letters, haue made you loue him more eff [...]ctuallie. During your gouernment, and au [...]horitie in that Prouince, no occasion can occur vnto me, wherein you can shew me greater fauour. Withall, I am assured, that you vnderstand, how well your fauour, and courtesie will be placed, vpon a man that is so thankefull, and so honest. Farewell.

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Cicero to Thermus Vice-Praetor. Epist. 56.

CAius Cluuius, a Puteolan, obserues me greatly, and is my familiar acquaintance. He hath certaine affayres in your Prouince; which if he cannot comp [...]sse, while you are there Gouernour, by meanes of my recommendations; he will hould them for lost, and desperate. Now, seeing so great an iniunction is laid vpon me, by a friend more officious to me, then any other; I will impose (so it be not troublesome vnto you) the like charge vppon your selfe, as being encouraged by your former exceeding fauours. Cluuius should haue money of the Mylasij, and the Alabandenses. Euthyd [...]mus told me once in Ephesus, that he would cause the Mylasij, to send their Proctours to Rome. And there's nothing yet performed. I vnderstand, they haue sent thither Ambassadors, but I should be more glad, that their Proctours were come, that I might deale with them, and conclude somewhat. Wherefore I require at your hands, as a fauour, that you would enioyne them, and the Alaband [...]nses, to send their Proctours to Rome. Besides, Philotes the Alabandensian hath bound, and made ouer vnto Cluuius, certaine [Page] lands. I desire that you would vrge Philotes, either to put the agents of Cluuius in poss [...]ssion of the said morgages, or else, to paie the moneys. And moreouer, that you would take order, that H [...]racleotae, and Bargyletae, satisfie the debt they owe to Cluuius, either with readie coyne, or out of their re [...]enues. The Caunij are also his debtors; but they say, the money was committed vnto them vpon [...]ust: whereof I would desire you to be informed. And, if you finde that the [...]e be no decree nor [...]dict passed, that free's them from paying interest for the money so d [...]pose [...]; procure that it may be pay'd him, according to the cus [...]ome in your Prouince. O [...] the matters aboue men [...]ioned, I take the greater care, because it conce [...]nes the particular in [...]erest of my deare fr [...]nd Cneius Pompeius; and in that I see, that he is more carefull thereof then Cluuius himselfe; and because I much desire, that he may remaine satisfied, in my best offices. I beseech you therefore, in all loue, that you will be pleased to graunt what I haue requested. Farewell.

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Cicero to Thermus Vice-Praetor. Ep. 57.

THe more I heare by letters, and messengers that there is great war in Syria, the more I entr [...]at and enioyne you, by the great friends [...]ip that is betwixt vs, to send me presently Marcus Annelus my Legate backe againe: because I know, I may make vse of the endeuour, counsell, and experience he hath in Militarie discipline, to the infinite benefit of the Common-wealth. And, if necessitie had not vrged him to come vnto you; neyther would he, vpon any tearmes haue l [...]ft me, or I haue graunted that he should. I make account to set forward towards Cilicia, about the first of May: and Anneius must needs before that [...]ime be r [...]turned. I formerly spake, and wrote vnto you, about a matter he hath in hand with the Sardian people. And I now againe most earnestly request, and entreat you, to procure, that he may according to the merit of his cause, and dignitie be dispatched. I conceiu'd by your words, when I talked with you about it in [...]phesu [...], that you were enclin'd to shew all fauour to Marcus Anneius, for his owne sake: neuerthelesse, be assured, if I vnderstand that he hath [Page] by your meanes a good end of the for [...]d businesse, according to his expectation; I shall thinke, I haue receiu'd from you a singular kindnesse. And, I most [...]arn [...]stly entreat you, to vse therin all exp [...]dition. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Titius Rufus, sonne to Lucius, Praetor in Rome. Ep. 58.

LVcius Custidius, is my kinsman, country-man, and familiar friend. H [...] hath a certaine su [...]e, which is likelie to come into your Court. I should bee as much asham'd to demand any thing dishonest in his behalfe; as you, out o [...] your respect to your office and honor, would be to grant it. I therefore onely entr [...]at you, that he may haue fauourable accesse vnto you. And that hauing right, you will graunt it him. That he may vnderstand, that my friendship, euen when I was furthest off, was of force with you to further him. Farewell.

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Cicero to Curtius Poeduceanus Praetor. Epist. 59.

I Beare a singular affect [...]on to Marcus Fabius: and we haue conuersed together of long time, w [...]th great familiaritie. In his sutes; I request you not, to iudge, one way or other, (for you will obserue that, which, vpon edict, and your ord [...]r, belongs to your credit, and your dignitie:) but that he may onely haue the benefit to be heard: and that you will, but willingly graunt him, what is iust: to the end he may know, that my friendship, though I were farre absent, was beneficiall to him; and especiallie, with your selfe. Which I make my earnest request. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Munatius, sonne to Caius. Ep. 60.

LVcius Liuineius Trypho, is free-man to Lucius Regulus, my verie familiar acquaintance: whose mis-fortune is a cause, that I am more officious to him, then vsuall. For I cannot be more affectionate to him, then I haue beene. But I loue Trypho, for his owne deserts. [Page] For hee did me great pleasu [...], in the time of my mis for [...]unes: [...]er [...]in [...] might euidently perceiue, each mans good will, and co [...]st [...]ncie: I recommend him therefore to you, with the same vehemencie, with which those that would be accompted grate [...]ull, are bound to recommend them, f [...]om whom they haue receiu'd a benefit. I shall be highly pleas'd, tha [...] he might perceiue, that you out of your loue vnto me, tooke in good part also, the kindnesse he did me, in exposing himselfe to many daungers for my safetie, and his often going to Sea for me, in the midd'st of Winter. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Silius, Vice-Praetor. Epist. 61.

I Suppose you know well the great familiaritie, which I haue had with Titus Pinnius: which he made mani [...]est in his last will and testament: he leauing me both Guardian, & his second heire. His sonne a verie studious, learned, and modest childe, is to receiue a round summe of money of the Nicaeenses; of about an hundred and sixtie thousand Crownes: and for as much as I heare, they are willing to giue him satisfaction; [Page] seeing there [...]ore not onely [...] the other Guardians, who know how much I am able to preu [...]ile with you, but the youth himselfe, is also perswaded, that you will doe any thing for my sake; you shall doe me a great pleasure, to vse the meanes (so farre as may stand with your honour, and place) that by order of the Nicaeenses, the foresaid m [...]neyes may be presently pay'd to Pinnius. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Silius Vice-Praetor. Epist. 62.

I Remain'd both much engaged vnto you in the cause of A [...]ilius: for though I came late, yet through your nobilitie, and courtesie, I preseru'd an honourable Romane knight: And certainly I euer carried this minde, that by reason of the coniunction, and inward amitie, which is betweene me, and our Lamia, you were whollie mine. Wherefore, first I thanke you, because you free'd me from all trouble: and then, I must presumptuously requi [...]e another kindnesse; but I'le be a good pay master for all: for, both at all times, and with all vigilancie, I will obserue you: and will euer haue that care of your selfe, and affaires, [Page] that ought to be had of one, to whom I beare a singular affection. I therefore request you, if you wish mee well, that you will make as great an esteeme of my brother Q [...]in [...]us, as o [...] my selfe. And so you shall greatly augment the greatnesse of your benefit. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Silus, Vice-Praetor. Ep. 63.

I Thought it a thing vnpossible, that words should haue fail'd me: and yet I want them, to recommend Marcus Le [...]ius. Whereupon I will in few words relate the matter; yet so, that you may manifestlie obserue my desire therein. It is incredible, what accompt, I, and my most deer brother made, of Marcus Lenius. Which proceedes aswell from his manie offices done for vs, as frō his singular sinceritie and modestie. I vnwillingly gaue him leaue, to come into your parts, by reason of the familiarity and delight I took in his conuersation; and because I was desirous, to vse his faith [...]ull and good counsell: but I feare, lest you thinke I ouerflow in words; wherein I said, I should bee defectiue. I commend him vnto you with that affection, [Page] with which you iudge it conuenient to commend one, of whom I haue deliuered, what I formerly haue written. And I request you, in the best manner I can, that you will end the busines for him, which hee hath in your Prouince, giuing him therein the best directions you are able. You shall finde him verie affable, & courteous. And therfore I entreat you, to send him forthwith backe againe vnto mee, absolued, and freed from all molestation, with your absolute dispatch of his businesse. For thus, you shall haue both my selfe, and brother, yours oblieged. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Silius, Vice-Praetor. Ep. 64.

I Shall neuer bee able to relate vnto you, how much my Nero commendeth you. Questionlesse, he exalts you maruellously; telling me, that he could deuise no respects, wherwith you haue not graced him. You shall thereby reape from him great benefit, for he is the gratefullest young man the world affordeth: and certainly I also take i [...] verie kindlie. For, of all the Nobility, there is no man dearer vn [...]o mee. You shall therefore doe mee a singular pleasure, [Page] to performe, what I require at your hands, vpon his request. First, touching Pa [...]sania, the Alabandensian; that you will put off the matter so long, till Nero come: whom I perceiue to be verie studious of his good; and therefo [...] I entreat you herein: Then, that you would esteem the Nicae [...], who are Nero's greatest friends, and whom he defends with all his abilitie, and power, as zealously recommended: that the same Citie may vnderstand, that Nero's Patrocime, is vnto them a pr [...]ualent protection. I many times commended vn [...]o you, Strabo Seruilius; but now, I doe it more effectually, in that Nero hath vndert [...]ken, to defend his cause. We require nothing at your hands, but [...]hat you will procure an end of the cause; and not suffer Seruilius, an harmelesse person, to bee tired out in a tedious suite, depending in the Court, of such a man, as taking contrarie courses to you, onely affects gaine that is vnlawfull. Wherein, besides the doing me a pleasure, you shall also giue m [...] occasion, to obserue the vse you make of your noble disposition. The sum of this Epistle is, that you will giue Nero satisfact [...]n in all points of fauour, as you haue determined, and effected. Your [...]rouinc [...] hath a large The [...]ter, which m [...]ne ha [...] not; [Wherein] the glorie and commendation, of so noble, so ing [...]nuous [...] [Page] and so honest a young man [may bee admired.] Wherefore, if you be fauourable to him, as vndoubtedlie you will, and haue alreadie beene, the multitude of Clients left him by his predecessors, may bee oblieged and confi [...]med by his owne benefits. Wherein, if you aide him, with the assistance that you pretend: vpon occasion hee will returne your fauor with great aduantage; and you shall besides, doe me a singular pleasure. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Silius, Vice-Praet [...]r. Epist. 65.

I Haue great familiaritie, and daily conuersation, with Publius Terentius Hyspo, who, in the publique customes, hath the place of Toll-master [...] and we are tied one to another, by infinite and m [...]u [...]ll fauours. It much concernes his honour, to haue an accord with the other Cities. Which, as I remember, wee attempted in Ephesus, and could by no meanes, from the Ephesians obtaine it: but seeing, (as [...]uerie m [...]n beleeues, and I my sel [...]e perceiue) that out of your great bountie, singular humanitie, and clemencie, you may confidently impose anie thing vpon [Page] the Graecians, at your pleasure: let me, with all efficacie request you, to do me th'honour, that Hyspo may haue this commendation. Besides this, I haue inward friendship with the Receiuers; not onlie in that all the same companie are vnder my protection; but because I familiarlie frequent with diuers of them; so that you shall first [...]atisfie Hyspo for my sake; and further you shall encrease ye affection of the Toll-gatherers towards mee: and besides, your selfe shall reape great benefit, by pleasuring one that is a most thankfull man, & haue the loue of the Toll-gatherers, who are men of verie good worth: and on me you shall bestow a fauour of importance. For I would haue you imagine, that in all the Prouince and Gouernment vnder your command, there is nothing wherein you may doe mee a greater pleasure. Farewell,

Cicero to Publius Seruilius Isauricus, Vice-Consull. Epist. 66.

COnsidering how readie you are in your accustomed assistance of your friends; and how full of feeling commiseration towards the afflicted; I [Page] would not recommend vnto you Aulus Caecina, a most diuote and affectionate Clyent to your Familie: but that the memoriall of his Father, with whom I held an especiall familiarity, & his owne miserable fortunes, binde me to discharge those offices, which I am tied in dutie to performe, for one, that is most neere vnto me in all respects of friendship. And the office is this, that I entreat you, with the deepest passion I am able; that vnto those aides, which of your owne voluntarie election, without anie mans in [...]ercession you can afford a man of so great worth, in such extreme miserie; you would be pleased, vpon my let [...]ers, to adde some new desire and zeale, o [...] assisting him, in all possible occasions. And, had you be [...]n at Rome, mee thinkes, I assure my selfe, that by your meanes, wee might haue procur'd the safety of Caecina: of whom, neuerthelesse, we liue in great hop [...], being confident in the clemencie of your Colleague. Now, in that hee meanes, being drawen by the fame of your Iustice, to repaire to your Prouince, as to the hauen of greatest securitie. In the most earnest manner I can, I request & beseech you, to ayde him, to collect the remainder of his old accompts, and in al other respects, to receiue him vnder your defence & protection. 'Twill be the greatest tye yt you can lay vpon me. Farewell.

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Cicero to Publius Seruilius. Epist. 67.

WHile I had the gouernment of Cilicia, to which Prouince, you know, that three Diocesses of Asia were assigned, I frequented with no man more familiarly, then with Andron, son to Arthemon, of Laodicea. And besides, that he was the man, who gaue mee entertainment in the same Citie; his customes also were very conformable to my condition: and he gaue mee much satisfaction, both in his life and conuersation. And, as I lou'd him heretofore: so now, since I departed from mine office, my loue's redoubled: because I had found him, in manie occasions, thankefull and mindefull of mee. Insomuch, that I cheerfully entertain'd and respected him here in Rome, in acknowledgement of the honour, which I receiued from him in Laodicea. This I I haue written vnto you, both to intimate, that I recommend him not without a cause; and, that you may thinke him worthie of your hospitalitie. You shall therefore doe mee a singular pleasure, if you make him conceiue, how much you loue mee; that is, if you receiue him to your protection; and, assist him, wherein soeuer honestly you may, [Page] and without your own inconuenience. I shall take it in wondrous good part; and I double entreat you for performance. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius Isauricus, Vice-Consull, his Colleague. Epist. 68.

REading your letters, wherein you gaue me parti [...]ular notice of your nauigation, I took great contentment, in that I found you mindefull of our friendship, which so exceedingly pleased me, that nothing could befall mee, more acceptable [...]o me. But yet I must tell you, it would turn to my far greater contentment, if you would write familiarly to me, of the Common-wealth; that is, of the state of your Prouince, and of your ordinances. Which, though by manie, I shall vnderstand. For, the report of your n [...]me will procure, that they cannot bee concealed: neuerthelesse, I should be glad to vnderstand of it by your letters. I, touching my opinion of the Common-wealth, will not write often to you, for the danger which accompanies letters of that importance: but of the daily occurr [...]nts, I will write often to you. [Page] And yet mee thinkes, I conceiue some hope, that Caesar, our Colleague, would, and now intends, we should haue some forme of a Common-wealth. At whose counsels, it much imports, that you were present: but, if it turne to your greater benefit, that is to your greater glorie, to gouerne Asia, and to cure that weake and ill-conditioned part of the Common-wealth; there's no reason, but I should abate my desire, vpon the hope of your benefit. If any thing fall out, wherin your dignitie shall be interessed, I will labour therein, with such affection and vigilancie, as greater cannot be required. And aboue all, I wil obserue with due respect, your renowned Father. Whereunto I am bound, by ancient amitie, and your benefits, and dignitie. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius, his Colleague. Ep. 69.

CAius Curtius Mithres is Free-man to Posthumius, my familiar acquaintance; but he honours and obseru [...]s me, as much as his owne Master. Whensoeuer I was in Ephesus, I was no lesse bold with his house, then with mine owne: and in diuers occasions, I [Page] haue found him to mee, both a good, and faithfull friend. Wherefore, if it occurre, that either I, or anie of my friends haue need of anie thing in Asia, I vsuallie write to him: I make vse therin, not onely of his fidelitie and endeuour; but I command his house and goods, as freely, as if they were proper to my selfe. Thus much I thought good to write vnto you somwhat dif [...]usedly, to giue you to vnderstand, that I recommend not vnto you anie vulgar person, or, that I discharge this office out of anie ambition; but by reason, that by the intimate familiaritie, and viscerall amitie, I haue with him, I am thereunto excited. I beseech you therfore, in a suite which he hath about certaine lands with one Colophonius, fauour me, to backe him, so far as conueniently you may, without your owne disparagement, or preiudice. Though I know his modestie so well, that he will in nothing bee bu [...]thensome vnto you. If by meanes of this my recommendation, and the merit of his owne integritie, he may obtaine, that you will be his friend, and repute him for an honest man: he will thinke, he hath made the greatest purchase that the world affordeth. And therefore I entreat you, the most effectually I can, to take him into your protection, and to reckon him in the number of your f [...]iends. In all your [Page] occasions, I will not faile, both with my counsell and endeuours, to doe you anie acceptable pleasu [...]e. Farewell.

Cicero to Publius Seruilius, his Colleague. Ep. 70.

BEcause euerie man takes notice, that you loue mee, diuers affect, that I should recommend them to you: I somtimes herein satisfie the vulgar, but most an end, my friends, as at this present. For, I haue singular friendship and familiaritie, with Titu [...] Ampius Menander, a thri [...]tie, diligent, and modest person. Whose fidelitie is well knowne, both to his Patron, and my selfe. I shall take it exceeding well, that you would in anie thing, wherein you may, without your owne preiudice, fauour him. And this is my especiall request vnto you. Farewell.

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Cicero to Publius Seruilius, his Colleague. Ep. 71.

I Recommend vnto you diuers, vpon necessi [...]ie; because our great friendship, and your good will towards mee, is knowne to euerie man. And, though I desire you should bee free of your fauors, to all those whom I recommend: yet doe I not requ [...]st it equally to all men. Titus Agusius, in the time of my disgraces, neuer left mee, either in trauailes, nauigations, and turmoiles; nay, in my verie dangers hee was alwaies with me: neither at this time would he haue departed from me, had I not permitted him. Wherefore, I recommend him to you, as one of my house, and as my verie vsefull friend. You shall doe me a great pleasure, if you so entr [...]at him, that hee may take notice of the profit and assistance, that did accrue vnto him, through my recommendation. Farewell.

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Cicero to Publius Seruilius his Colleague. Ep. 72.

BEfore you departed from Rome, I recommended vnto you in your garden, as effectuallie, as I could, the goods, moueables, reckonings, and possessions that my necessarie friend Caerellia hath in Asia; and you, according to your custome, and continuall waightie courtesies, freely tooke vpon you to doe any thing. Now, I hope, you are as mindfull of the said businesse, as you were wont to be of other matters. Notwithstanding, Caerellia's Solicitors, haue written to me, that it were good to giue you often, remembrance thereof, being for the greatnesse of your Prouince, and the multitude of affaires much employed. I desire therefore that you would be mindfull, how freely you promised me all those fauours, which your dignitie might affoord. I am fully of opinion, that you haue ample authoritie of satisfying Caerellia, out of that decre of the Senate, which was enacted in that cause of the heires to Caius Vennonius. Wherein notwithstanding, I referre my selfe to your councell, and iudgement, as being to e [...]terpret it in such sort, as shall appeare best vnto your wisedome. For I know, [Page] that you haue euer highly esteem'd the authoritie of that order. It onelie remaines, for me to tell you, that wherein so euer you fauour Caerellia, you shall doe me a singular pleasure. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Philippus Vice-consull. Ep. 73.

YOur gouernment being expired, I congratulate your healthfull, and safe returne, with the preseruation of your owne honour, and great satisfaction to the Common-wealth. And if I had seene you in Rome, I would presentially haue giuen you thanks, for the loue and fauour you shewed to my familiar friend Lucius Egnatius, in his absence, and Lucius Oppius that was present. Antipater Derbetes vseth to entertaine me, and I him; and besides, there passeth great familiaritie betwixt vs. I heard that you are very much displeased with him, and it grie [...]'d me. I know not whither he deserued it: but sure I am, that such a person as you are, would doe nothing without iust occasion. Howsoeuer it be: I entreat you as effectually as possible I can, for our auncient, and true friendship, that you would be pleased to pardon his sonnes, [Page] who are vnder your power, especially, at my intercession. If you thinke it not preiudiciall to your owne reputation; I [...] which case I would not request it: for I should haue a respect of greater antiquitie to your honour, then to Antipaters acquaintance. But I verily beleeue, (yet I may be deceiu'd) that by such an act you shall rather get prayse, then infamie. About this matter, what may be done, and what you may doe for my sake, (for I make no doubt of what you would doe) I desire, (so it be not troublesome vnto you,) to be further certified. Farewell.

Cicero to Quintus Philippus, Vice-consull. Ep. 74.

THough I am assured, that out of the loue you beare me, and for the familiar friendship that is betwixt vs, you are mindfull of my recommendation; yet will I not omit most effectually, to recommend againe vnto you my kinde friend Lucius Oppius pres [...]nt; and the affaires of my domesticall acquaintance Lucius Egnatius, absent. The friēdship & familiaritie I haue with him, is so great, as I could not be more carefull, if it were mine owne cause. Therefore I [Page] shall take it as an extraordinarie kindn [...]sse, if you giue him cause to conc [...]iue, how I am no lesse beloued of you, then I giue my selfe to vnderstand. You cannot doe me a greater fauour then this, and I earnestly request you to performe it. Farewell.

Cicero to Titus Titius, sonne to Titus, Legate. Ep. 75.

THough I am of constant beleefe, that my first recommendation preuailed much with you: yet I am desirous to giue contentment, to Caius Auianus Flaccus, my familiar friend: whom, I am not onely desirous, but bound, [...]o fauour wherein possible I am able: of whom in presence, I spake effectuallie to you, when you kindly made me answere: and with great efficacie, I wrote vnto you afterwardes thereof. I request you to pardon me, if to giue him satisfaction, I may seeme vnmindfull of your constancie. I desire therfore the same fauour at your hands, which is, that you will permit Auianus, that at all times of the yeare, he may conueie his come, wh [...]ther soeuer stands best with his commoditie. Which courtesie, in like manner, by my meanes, he obtained for three [Page] yeares, while Pompeius had this charge. To conclude; that, wherein you may doe me greatest pleasure, is, to let Auianus know your loue towardes me, seeing he is assured of mine to himselfe. This will be very acceptable to mee. Farewell.

Cicero to the Quatuor-viri, and Decuriones. Epist. 76.

THe friendship I enterteine with Quintus Hippius, growes from so many occasions, as there cannot be found a more absolute, then our coniunction. And were it not for this, I would follow my accustomed manner; which is, to be troublesome to you in nothing. For you can beare me sufficient testimonie, that, though I were certaine to obtaine whatsoeuer I desired; yet would I neuer be burdensome vnto you. I request you therefore as earnestly as I can, or am able, that you will so farre fauour me, as to vse Caius Valgius Hippianus, with all courtesie, and make an end with him; by exempting, and making free that possession, which somtimes he bought of you, in the Fregellan territorie. If you satis [...]ie me in this my request, I shall thinke, I haue receiu'd a speciall benefit. Farewell.

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Cicero to Publius Sulpitius Imperator. Ep. 77.

I Went not often into the Senate, by reason of the conditions of the times: but hauing receiu'd your letters, and vnderstood, how your honor was herein touched; I obseru'd that it was my dutie to goe thither; and that doing otherwise, I should haue wrong'd our auncient amitie, and haue perform'd a matter vnworthie of our benefits, one to th'other. Wherefore I went thither: and willingly aduis'd, that all the Temples of the gods, [...]hould publiquely bee visited; and thankes rendred to them, for what you had effected in the behalfe of the Common-wealth. And vpon euery occasion, when either your profit, honor, or dignitie comes in question, I will neuer faile you, in those end [...]uours, and offices, wherein I am engaged. And you shall doe me a pleasure to write thereof vnto your friends, notifying vnto them my affection, and the desire I haue to write vnto you: that so they may securely build vppon me, whensoeuer it occurres, that I may giue you any assistance. Marcus Bollanu [...] is a friend to me, of manie yeares standing, an honest man, valiant, and adorned with as many good parts, as [Page] can be desired: I recommend him to you, wi [...]h all zeale, and entreat you to let him vnderstand, how this my recommendation, was with you to his g [...]eat fu [...]therance. Which I shall repute as a singular fauour [...] and I assure you, that in him you shall find infinite goodne [...]e, and a thankefull memorie for benefits receiued; so that, you will euer remaine sa [...]isfied in his friendship. Besides this, I would earnestly entreat you, for our frienships sake, and for that loue you haue [...]uer shew'd me, that you will t [...]ke vpon you some trouble in the matter I shall acquaint you with. Dionysius my seruant, who had vnder his custodie, a Library of mine, of great value, hauing filcht away many bookes, and fearing to be punisht for it, is fled away: and he is within your Prouince. Marcus [...]ollanus my familiar friend, and diuers others haue seene him in Naron [...]: but he telling them, that I had made him free, they belef [...] him. I cannot expre [...]se how thank [...]ull [...] should be, if you could s [...]nd me him backe againe. The matter is of no great importance, but the discontentment of my minde is much [...] Bollanus will informe you where he is, and what course is to be taken. If by your meanes I can recouer him, I [...]hall thinke you haue confe [...]'d vppon me a great benefit. Farewell.

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Cicero to Caius Allienus, Vice-Consull. Epist. 78.

DEmocritus Sicynius, hath not onely kindly entertained me, but is al [...]o my very familiar friend: which happens not to many, especially Graecians. For in him, there is naked integritie, worthie valour, noble courtesie, and due obseruance towardes his ghests: and mee, he honors obserues, a [...]d lou [...]s, aboue all others. You shall perceiue, that he is not onely the best, amongst his owne Cittizens, but also of all Achaia; I onely open vnto him, and make re [...]d [...]e his way to your knowledge. Wh [...]n you once know h [...]m, of your s [...]lfe, (such is your disposition [...]) you will repute him worth [...]e of your [...]ri [...]nd [...]hi [...], and entertainement: my desire therefore is, th [...]t hauing read these letters, you will t [...]ke him in [...]o your protect [...]on, & offer him the g [...]ea [...]est ki [...]dnesse you can for my sake. Last o [...] all, if (as, I hope,) you shall find him worthie of you [...] hospitalitie, and f [...]i [...]ndship [...] L [...]t me request you to embr [...]ce, and loue him, and esteeme him in the number of your acquaintance. Wherein you shall doe me a singular pleasure. Farewell.

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Cicero to Caiu [...] Allienus, Vice-Consull. Epist. 79.

I S [...]ppose you conceiue, what accompt I made, of Caius Auianus Flaccus; and by him I vnderstood, who is a man, of tried sinceritie, and mindfull of benefits, what great fauour you haue shewed him. His sonnes, most w [...]rthie of such a Father, and my good friends, whom I singularly loue, I recommend vnto you with that zeale, as with greater I could not recommend any. Caius Auianu [...] is in Sicilia, Marcu [...] is here with vs. I pray vouchsafe to respect Caius, who is present, and haue a care of both their substances. You cannot in this Prouince, shew me a greater courtesie. This is my petition, which I beseech you, graunt mee. Farewell.

THE FOVRTEENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to his wife Terentia, and children Tulliola, and Cicero. Epist. 1.

MAny write, but euery man reports vnto me, yt you are vertuous, and valerous beyond imagination: & that no labors either of minde, or body, are so great, as they can weary you. How wretched a man am I, that you, who are endued with so much vertue, trust, Integritie, and courtesie, should (for [Page] my sake) be brought into so great misery. And that our daughter Tulliola should take such thought for a fath [...]r that was wont, to be vnto her so delightfull. But what shall I saie of my sonne [...] Cicero? who no sooner began to tast of vnderstanding, but was implunged in vnsufferable griefes, and misfortunes. Had I thought, as you write, that destinie had layd these crosses on me; I could haue suffered them with greater patience: but all proceeds from mine owne defect; thinking I had been loued, where I was enuied; and neglecting those, that sought my acquaintance. But if I had trusted vnto my selfe, and had not so much relyed on the words of foolish, or dishonest friends; wee had liued most happily: yet at this present, seeing our friends comfort vs with good hopes, I will striue to free my selfe of passion, least I for want of health bee not able to second your endeauours in recalling me. I consider well how much power wee haue need of, and how much more easie it had beene to haue staid at home, when I was there, th [...]n to r [...]turne thither b [...]ing absent: yet [...] if all the Tribunes of the people before vs, a [...]d Lentu [...]us sti [...]ke as close, (as he makes show) vnto vs; and especially, if Pompeius, and Caesar doe ioyne wi [...]h vs; we will be hopefull. As for o [...] [...] shold we will doe as you [Page] enforme me, and our friends counsell vs. Touching this place of my abode, the plague is now at length certainely gone from it: and while it was heere I h [...]d it not. Pla [...]us a very kinde man desires me to stay with him; and as yet will not let me goe. I was desirous to haue beene in a place further out of the way, in Epirus, whereunto neither Hyspo could come, nor the Souldiers. But Plancus hitherto retaineth me; hoping it may so fall out, that we may returne, togither into Italie. If euer I liue to see that daie, and that it bee lawfull for vs to embrace one another; and mutually regaine our selues, I shall thinke I haue receiued fruite sufficient of our interchanged affection. Piso shewes so much humanitie, vertue, and lou [...] towards all of vs, that greater cannot bee shewed vs; I wish, he may take as much pleasure in it, as I see he will haue honour by it. What I haue written vn [...]o you concerning my brother Quintus, was not done to reprehend you [...]or any thing; but my desire was, and especially because you were so few, that you should liue togither in as friendly manner as was possibl [...]. I h [...]ue thanked whom you bid me, and haue written that I had notice giuen mee by you of their fauours. Touching that you write vnto me about the sale of our streete, my deere Teren [...]ia, tell me, I pray you, [Page] alas! what will become of vs? But if this aduersitie shall continue with vs, what shall become of our miserable boy? I must not write all, tears do so abound; least I should set thee also a weeping. Yet thus much I will write, if our friends be as they should be, wee shall haue no want of money; if not, all the money thou canst make, will bee too little. If thou hast any care of our miserable fortunes, looke that woes do not vtterly cast away our wretched son. Let him not want while there is any thing left: hee needes but some good qualitie, and a moderate estate to raise himselfe to the rest of his fortunes. Looke to your health, and let me heare from you, that I may know wh [...]t is done, and what you are now about, I looke hourely for newes from you, that cannot be long a comming. Commend me to Tulliola and Cicero. Fare ye all well. From Dyrrhachium, the 26. of Nouember.

I Am come to Dyrrhachium, because it is a free Cittie, and kinde to me, and not farre from Italie. But if the great concourse of people there, shall dislike me, I will repaire, to some other place, and giue you notice.

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Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tulliola, and Cicero his children. Epist. 2.

DOe not suppose that I vse to write very long Epistles to any man: except he write at large to me. And I thereupon iudge it reasonable, to make him alike answer. For first, I know not what to write; and then, at this time, there's nothing that I vndergoe more vnwillingly. And if this happen to me when I write to others, what may it doe now thinke you, when I write to your selues: to whom I cannot endite a letter, which is not accompanied with many teares: knowing you to be fallen into extreame miserie, whom I was euer desirous to behold in great felicitie; which I was bound to endeuour; and had I not beene so tymerous had effected. Piso by his courteous offices hath procur'd, that wheras before I loued him, now I deseruedly stand bound vnto him. I haue withall possible efficacie exhorted him by letters, to [...]he enterprise which is begunne for my good; and, as I ought I thanked him. You write, how you conceiue great [...]opes, in the new T [...]ibunes of the peo [...]le. You may well hope, if Pompeius [...]fford vs his assistance: but I doubt of [Page] Crassus: I perceiue wi [...]h how great a spirit, and how louingly you vndergoe euery thing: neither doe I wonder at it; but notwithstanding, it exceedingly greeu [...]s me, that we are reduced to such a point, that my mise [...]ies cannot be e [...] sed, but wi [...]h yours. For, Publius Valerius a very louing man wrote that vnto me, which drew from me many tears in reading it; how frō the temple of the Goddesse Vesta, you were led [...]o [...]he Valerian Table. Alas! deare heart, and my only happin [...]s! is it then true, [...]hat you my Terentia, to whom all others were wont in their necessities to h [...]u [...] recourse for helpe, should now b [...]e so molested, and put to so much weeping, and miseries, and that this should p [...]oc [...]ed from my error, who haue pres [...]rued others, to reserue vnto my selfe perpetuall a [...]fl [...]ctions. Whe [...]eas you write vnto me about the house, that is, touching the plat of ground: I will [...]hen only hold that I am restor'd when that is res [...]ored. But what should I say? the [...]e things are not in our power. I [...] grieues me that you b [...]ing poore, and destitute, should be vrged to beare part of the charges, which of necessitie we are to be at. Yet if the matter obtaine a wished end, wee shall haue good recompence for euery thing. But if Fortune no wai [...]s alt [...]r, wilt thou, poore soule, cast away [...]hat little which thou [Page] hast? Ah, deare heart [...] leaue the charge vnto others, that are betterable (if they will) to sustaine it; do not, if [...]ou loue me, torment that weake body of yours, as me thinkes you doe. For day [...]nd night, you present your selfe vnto my thoughts. I see you vndergoe the burden of all paines, I know not how you are able to endure it; And I am afraid, least you ouercharge your selfe so much, as you will be enforc'd to giue ouer: bu [...] I also obserue, that all hopes of my safetie depend on you. Be therefore carefull of your heal [...]h, to the end we may attaine to [...]hat which you desire, and on which you haue bent all your cogitations. I know not to whom I should write; whether to them that write to mee, or to them that you wish me to write vnto. To content you, I will de [...]erre it no longer. But I would haue you send me letters as often as you can; especially if there bee the least certainetie of any hope. Farewell deare hearts, farewell. From Th [...]ssalonica the 4. of October.

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Cicero to Terentia his wife and to Tulliola, and Cicero, his children. Epist. 3.

I Receiued three letters from you, by Aristocritus, which I had almost blotted out with weeping. For, my T [...]rentia, I am much afflicted, and so much, that I scarcely liue: yet feele I not more hart-greefe for mine own, then for your miseries; and for those, which all of you haue su [...]fered. Although in this respect I am more miserable then thou, who art most miserable. For the bitternes of this fortune is equall to vs both, but the blame is only mine. I should either haue accepted of the embassies, by meanes whereof I might haue shunned the danger; or by my friends endeauours haue constantly resisted the iniuries of mine enemies; or else haue dyed with resolution. To a worser state, then that wherein I now stand, I could neuer haue been reduced. Which is the cause, that I greeue not more for the euill, then for the repro [...]ch thereof: being asham'd that my deare wife, & sweet children, by my cowarddize, and negligence should lead a lif [...] so miserable, and so lamentable. You [...] vnhappie state hourely presents it selfe before mine eyes: and because I know [Page] how weake you are of sexe: the more am I sorrowfull, considering that you cannot vndergoe so many troubles without great danger. And besides, I perceiue no hope of my safetie. There are two things, which oppose our desires: the hatred of many; and the enuie almost of all men. And as to preserue our former state, little was requisi [...]e: so to recouer it, infinite labour is required. Neuerthelesse, while you are hopefull; I will also support, this my wearie, and languishing body with some hopefulnesse: that in being wanting both to you, and to my selfe, as I haue beene hitherto, despaire may not augment our euills. As for that point, where you write, that I should be wary to remaine in a place of s [...]curitie: this I can easily performe, because mine enemies shall haue small reason to desire my death, in that they should thereby ease me o [...] so many miseries, which they desire that I should liue in. And yet I will obey your commands. I haue thanked my friends, as you enioyn'd me in your letters, and touching their friendly procurements about my safetie, I haue written, I was therof by you aduertised. The conueyer of these letters was Dexippus. For our Piso, I haue heard by all men; and I plainely my selfe perceiue it; that he beares vs wond [...]rfull affection; which with admirable [Page] eff [...]cts he doth also demonstrate. The gods grant, that togeather with your selfe, and our children, we may long liue in the soci [...]tie of such a sonne in law. The hope which now remaines is, whollie in the new Tribunes of the people: and onely in the first daies of their entrie into their office: for if the matter doe grow sta [...]e, tis no more to bethought of. And for this cause, I haue sodainely returnd you Aristocritus, that you may presently write vnto me, what beginning the matter had, & in what state it standeth: though I also enioyned D [...]xi [...]pus, that he [...] [...]ould without delay re [...]urne vn [...]o me. And I haue written to my brother, r [...]questing him that he will not faile, as often as he can, to send me messengers of purpose. And I remaine for no other cause at this instāt in Dyrrhac [...]ium, but to receiue the more speedy aduerti [...]ements, and to be resident in a secure place, as I am, assuredly. For I alwai [...]s fauoured, and defended this cittie. And when I vnderstand that our enemies are comming, I will retire into Epirus. Where as you write, that if it bee my pleasure, you will come vnto me. I like it better you should remaine there, considering the greatest part of my occasions; depend vpon your diligence. If you can compas [...]e any good end, of that which now you haue in hand, I [Page] must of nec [...]ssitie repaire to you. But if, &c. the rest it imports not to write. Vpon your firs [...], or at least your second le [...]ters, we shall be able to resolue what course to take [...] write vnto me of all particularly. Though now, I should not attend letters, but an end of this action. Regard your health. And be secure, that I haue nothing in this world, nor euer had, more deare vnto me then your selfe. Farewell my deare Terentia; whom in such sort me thinkes I daily [...]ehold, that with teares I am consumed. Farewell. From Dyrrhachium the last of Nouember.

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tul [...]iola, and Cicero his childre [...]. Ep. 4.

I Write as seldome to you as I can; because, besides my being daily vrg'd by a thousand noysome cogitations: when I either write to you, or doe but [...]ead your letters, teares flow from me in that aboundance, as I am driuen of nec [...]ssi [...]ie to giue ouer. Oh! how farre better were it for me, not so much to loue my li [...]e? Questionlesse, we had made triall either of none at all, or of very lit [...]le euill. But who knowes whither [Page] Fortune hath not reseru'd me still aliue, to comfort me for a time, with hopes, of recouering some Commoditie? And if this fall out, we may in part reforme the error we haue committed. [...]ut if my hard and extreame lot haue left no manner of comfort for me: what can I doe more, (sweet life) then desire to see thee as soone as is possible: And to die betweene thy armes. Seeing neither the gods, whom thou hast with a pure heart, ador'd and worshipped: nor men whom I haue euer sought to preserue, haue afforded vs any recompence of our deseruings. We were thirteene daies at [...]rundusium, in the house of Marcus Lenius Flaccus. Obserue a singular integritie: he stucke not to hazzard his goods, and his owne life for my safetie; neither through feare to incurre the penaltie of the Law, no lesse corrupt, then cruell; did he giue ouer his resolution: but as if no such thing were, he entertein'd me into his house, maintaining our auncient custome of mutuall hospitalitie; and performing what soeuer our amitie required. God grant mee the fauour, so to requite him with effects, as I will neuer be wanting to him in affection. Wee departed from Brundusium the xxvii. of Aprill, to goe towards Cyzicum: and we will take our way by Macedonia. Out alas! sorrowfull wretch that I am! behold, [Page] you are a woman, vnhealthfull, ouer-wearied, and afflicted both in bodie, and minde. My heart will not suffer me, to entreat you to come. What, can I peraduenture refraine from entreating you? Shall I then remaine without you? I am resolu'd to dispose of my selfe, after this manner. If there be any hope of our returne, looke to further, and reduce it to some point; that there may be a certaintie of what we hope after. But if all hope leaue vs, come, I beseech thee, howsoeuer. And of this bee assu [...]'d: if thou art but with me, I shall esteeme my vnhappie banishment the lesse burdensome. But what shall become of my Tulliola? I will leaue this to your consideration: for I know not how shee should be disposed of. But let matters goe well, or ill, a way must be deuis'd, that she, poore soule, may not loose her dowrie, and together with her dowrie, her reputation, which must follow, when shee shall want meanes, requisite [...]or her place, and calling. And what shall my Cicer [...] (poore soule, what shall he) doe? To speake truth, it were fitting I should alwayes haue him within mine armes, and in my bosome Mort, at this present I canno [...] write, so deepe a melancholie surprizeth me. I at [...]d to be aduerti [...]ed, what you haue done: whether you possesse any thing, or, (which I f [...]a [...]e,) [Page] whither you be stripp'd of all things. As you write, so I hope, that Piso will be very fauourable. It boots not, to g [...]eue at the setting of your slaues at libertie. It sufficeth that promise is made to your friends that you shall be enabled to recompence their seruice, as they deserued. Hitherto Orpheu [...] shewes great fidelitie; next to him, theres few, or none, that discharge their duties. I haue free'd mine vpon this condition; that if it so happen, that together with our goods we are depriued of their seruice; they of slaues should become free, if they can haue the fauour: But if they were left vnto vs, that they should continue all in their former seruices, except some few. But this helpes nothing. Whereas you exhort me to be of great courage, and to liue in good hope of recouering my safetie; I pray God our hopes proue not friuolu [...]. But miserable man, when shall I receiue your letters? Who will bring them to me? I would haue attended them at Brundusium, but that the Marriners hauing faire winde and weather, would needs to sea. I will write no further: comfort thy selfe, my Terentia, the best thou canst. We once liued gloriously; we were of high de [...]gree; it was not our vice, but our ver [...]ue, that afflicted vs. Herein, it cannot be perceiu'd I any wayes erred, but in that together with mine honour, I lost [Page] not my life: yet if ou [...] children be glad, that yet we liue, what remaines, but with a resolued minde, we should sustaine the c [...]uell assaults of our aduerse Fo [...]tu [...]e? I councell thee, but not my sel [...]e. Cl [...]dius P [...]il [...]taerus se [...]ues me with great fidelitie; but because he is troubl [...]d wi [...]h a [...]h [...]um [...] in his eyes, I haue sent him backe. Salastius will beare him [...]elfe better then all the r [...]st: Pes [...]nnius stands grea [...]ly affected to me. And I hope, he will eu [...]r be readie at your commands. Si [...]a said he would stay and attend me, but he depar [...]ed from me at Brundusium. Be as carefull as you may of your health; and be assured, th [...]t your miserie doth far more grieue me, then mine owne. Terentia, my most faithfull, and louing Bed-fellow; Tulliola my most d [...]are daughter; and thou Cicero my last hopes, and comfort, fa [...]e you all well. From Brundusium, the last of Aprill.

Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tulliola his daughter. Epist. 5.

I Hope you and Tulliola (deare Soule;) are as well as I, and my sweetest Ci [...]ero. We came to Athens the xiiij. of October, [Page] hauing had a very daungerous Nauigation, and very slow, through contrarietie of Winds. At my landing, Acastus came vnto me with letters, one and twentie dayes after their date. Questionlesse he came verie speedily. I receiued yours; And I answere, that whereas you doubted, that those you [...]ormerly wrote, had neuer beene deliuer'd me, you shall vnderstand, I haue receiued them all: and I take great contentment, that you haue so diligently aduertis'd me of euery thing. The last, which Acastus brought, are briefe: neither doe I wonder at it: for, it may bee you daily expect my comming; or to say better, that we shall come together. And questionlesse, we are also very desirous, to see you with the first opportunitie. Although, hearing in what state the Common-wealth now stands, I see too euidently, that we shall come in the midst of great troubles: and by the letters of sundrie friends, sent vnto me by Acastus, me thinkes, I perceiue, that this ciuill controuersie must be ended with Armes. So that as soone as euer I come, I shall be enforced to discouer my affection. But, seeing we are to come, we will vse all diligence to come most speedily, to the end we may haue more time, to deliberate about this matter; and consequently to resolue with greater wisdome. I desire, [Page] that you would come as farre hitherward as you can, to meete me; so you may doe it, without your inconuenience. Touching the Praetian inheritance, (which doubtlesse, is an occasion to me of great griefe, considering this benefit accrews vnto mee by the death, of a man whom I heartily loued) Take order, in case the outcrie be made before my arriuall, that Pomponius may take into his hands the portion that belongs to vs: and if Pomponius cannot attend it, procure Camillus to take vpon him the charge thereof. What remaines further to be done, we will performe at our comming. And though peraduenture at the receipt of these, you are vpon the waie to meete vs; yet forbeare not to procure the performance of what I haue written. We by gods helpe hope to be in Italie about the midst of Nouember. You, my sweetest and most desired Terentia, and you Tulliola; if you loue vs, endeuour to preserue your selues. From Athens, the xviij. of October. Farewell.

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Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 6.

WE neither meet with often mes [...]ngers, n [...]r m [...]tters to [...]rite of by your former letters, I vnderstood, that [...]ou could not make [...]ale, of any po [...]es [...]i [...]. W [...]erefore I would haue yo [...] find so [...]e meanes to satisfie him, whom, you know, I would not haue vnsatisfied. Whereas our friend thankes you; I wonder no [...], that you deserue thankes: and deseruing it, I as little wonder that shee thankes you. If Pollex be not yet d [...]parted, by all meanes dispatch him, withou [...] delay. And be carefull of your health: the [...]v. of Iuly. Farewell.

Cicero to Terentia his wife. Epist. 7.

I Haue put off, and abandoned all pen [...]ue molestation, which, not without mine intollerable discontentment, gaue me to conceiue, that you were in miserie; togither with our Tulliola, dearer then my life vnto me. And I knew the reason of the euill, the day after I left you. In the night I vomited a quantity of [Page] meere cho [...]er, and a [...]te [...] it I beganne to feele my selfe so well, as I thought, some God had cured me. And therefore in acknowledgement thereof, render you vnto the same God, condigne thankes, with a religious, and pure heart, as you are accustomed. I hope I haue gotten a commodious ship: wherein being embarked, I wrote these; which ended, I will write to many of our friends, and recommend vnto them with all possible care, both you, and Tu [...]iola. I would exhort you, to endure constantly the assaults of Fortune, were you not more resolued then any man whatsoeuer. Besides, I hope matters are come to such a passe, that you may remaine there most commodiously, and that I once againe may come thither, to defend the Common-wealth, together with mine equals. If you would giue me contentment, first be carefull of your health: then, if you thinke good, con [...]inue in those villages, where there is no feare of the souldiers. If corne grow deare, you may conueniently reside, with your Cittie se [...]uants in Arpinas. Our sweet Cice [...]o sends you a thousand salutations. And I, a double farewell. The [...]ij. of Iune.

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Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 8.

IF you haue your health, as I haue; all goes well. If you desire to gi [...]e me content, be very chairie of your selfe. For 'tis written to me, and deliuer'd for certaine, that a fever tooke you presently after my departure. In that you certified me of Caesars letters, you did me a pleasure. Likewise h [...]reafter if need shall require, when there is any newes, let me know it. Haue a care of your health. The xi. of Iune. Farewell.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 9.

THe infirmities of Dolabella, and of Tullia, adde new miseries to mine old ones. I know not now, what course to take, nor what to doe, I am so beleaguer'd with molestations. Endeuour to preserue your health, together with our Tullia. Farewell.

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Cic [...]ro to his wife Terentia. Epist. 10.

I Wrote my mind to Pomponius, more lately then was requisite. Speaking with him, you shall vnderstand my will. I did not thinke good to write more plainely, hauing to write to him. I pray you, about this present businesse, and of other occurrents, let me forthwith be aduertised. Looke precisely to your health. The 9. of Iulie. Farewell.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 11.

IF you be, as I am, in health, 'tis well. Our Tu [...]ia came hither the xiij. of Iune, whose comming did not onely not diminish my greefe, but infinitely encreased it. Should I not lament, that so louing and constant a daughter, by my negligence, is fallen into this misfortune: whereas, for the feruent loue shee beares mee, and for her rare qualities, she deseru'd a fortune much more fortunate. I was in the minde, to send Cicero to Caesar, and C [...]eius Salus [...]ius with [Page] him. If he goe, I will giue you notice. Be carefull, with all d [...]l [...]gence, to preserue your selfe. Farewell: The xv. of Iune.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 12.

YOu reioyce at our being arriued safe in Italy, and I desire this your ioy may be perpetuall. But daunted in part, with the griefe of publique ruines, and partly by iniuries, vnworthily receiued, I haue taken such a course, as I doubt of the end. Wherefore, ayde vs as much as you can. But what can you doe? For my part, I know not. It is not materiall for you, at this time, to put your sel [...]e on the way; first, it is long, and dangerous: Besides, I see not what helpe your comming will afford vs. Farewell: Brun [...]usium, the iiij. of Nouember.

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Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 13.

IT is true, that bef [...]re, I wrote vnto you about a diuo [...]ce; bu [...], bec [...]u [...] I know not wh [...]th [...]r this man may easilie raise the peo [...]le, or, whether the people haue anie di [...]po [...]ion to an innouation, I aduertize you, disc [...]eetly to weigh the action. For, as wee may feare him, in case he should bee prouoked: so, on the contrary, we may hope, th [...]t he may bee the author of our quietnesse. Howsoeuer: In this so lamentable a case, take that course which is least lamentable. Farewell. The x. of Iulie.

Cicero to Ter [...]ntia his wife, and to Tulliola his young daughter. Epist. 14.

'TIs well with vs, if you bee well. You must not hereafter expect, that I should aduise you, what cou [...]se to take, in that [...]ou may herein couns [...]ll your selues. If he come to Rome, with an intention, to permit nothing to bee done, otherwis [...] then what's b [...]sitting, it will not be much out of the way, for [Page] you now, to keepe still at home: but if he come enflamed with furie, and resolued to sack the Citie; I beleeue in that case, Dolabella himselfe would hardly bee able to preserue you. And besides this, you must consider, that in delaying your departure, the waies may bee all so laid, that then you cannot goe when you would. Aboue all, you must obserue, whether anie wom [...]n of your qualitie continue in Rome: which you may better enforme your selues of then I. And if none remaine, for my part, I see not how you can staie there with your honour. Howsoeuer the matter goe: so the gouernment of these quarters be left vnto me, this will be a verie conueniēt residence for you, & you may either reside together with mee in the townes, or in your Granges. And besides the reasons aboue mentioned, I must needes likewise acquaint you with this, that I feare within few daies, there will grow a great dearth within the Citie. Communicate with Pomp [...]nius, and Camillus about all things, and by whom you thinke good, bee aduised: but in anie wise, be of a resolute mind: The comming of Labienus stood vs in great stead. Piso also here assists vs; For, hee attends not his sonne in law, Caesars comming into the Citie, but hee termes him Impious, and leaues Rome, because he would not see him. You, my [Page] deerest soules, write often vnto mee, both what you doe, and how matters passe there abouts. My brother, and his son, and Rufus, salute you. Fare ye well: From Minturnae, the xxiiij. of Iune.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 15.

SOme daies since I wrote vnto you, that I was determined to send Cicero to meet Caesar: but since I chang'd my minde, hauing no certainty of his comming. For other matters, though there be no newes, neuer [...]helesse, from Si [...], you shall vnderstand my minde and aduice, how we are to beare our selues at this present. Tullia shall now remaine with mee. Preserue your health care [...]ully. Farewell: The xx. of Iune.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 16.

THough the times are such, as it is not materiall, that either I should [...]xpect your letters, or you mine. Neuerthelesse, [Page] I daily looke for them, and wh [...]nsoeuer I h [...]ue opportunitie, I likewi [...]e write vnto you, and I know not why. V [...]lu [...]a should h [...]ue beene more officious to y [...]u, then sh [...] hath beene: and [...]hat little s [...]e hath don [...], she might h [...]ue p [...]r [...]or [...]'d it mo [...]e diligen [...]ly, and w [...]h gr [...]te [...] caution. But what imports this? there [...]re other ma [...]ters of gre [...]ter con [...]q [...]nce and grea [...]er mol [...]tation: which procure [...]e tha [...] [...]ffliction, whi [...]h they ar [...] gla [...] of, [...]hat haue beaten mee from m [...]e own opinion [...]. Be care [...]ull of you [...] health: The iiij. of Ianuarie.

Cicero to Terentia his wife. Epist. 17.

IF I had anie thing to write, I would doe it freely, and verie often. You now see, to what passe matte [...]s are brought. But how I am a [...]fected, yo [...] may know of Lept [...] and Trebatius. [...]ee you haue a care of your owne health, and Tullia's. Farewell.

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Cicero to Terentia his wife, and to Tu [...]iola his daughter. Epist. 18.

I Beseech you, deare soules, to bee we [...]l aduised, what you meane to doe, whether to remaine in Rome: or to come and liue with mee in some secure place. It belongs not onely to me, bu [...] to you also, to take some course herein. Me thinkes you may continue secu [...]elie in R [...]me, by Dolabelia's protect [...]on: through whose meanes, if anie violence, or rapine should begin, you might haue a waie to preserue your goods, and persons. But on the other side, I feare; seeing all good men are out of Rome, and haue their women wi [...]h them. So that it would not b [...]e mu [...]h amis [...]e, that you should come to m [...]e in the [...]e parts, which are vnder my Gouernment; where you might remaine with me, during your pleasure; and when you would depart, you may be secure in our Gu [...]ris [...]ns. In conclusion, I cannot discerne which is the better course. Obserue you, what other G [...]ntle-women doe; and t [...]ke heede, [...]hat you be not enforced to staie, when [...]ou would bee gone. Consider there [...]pon verie adui [...]edly amo [...]gst your [...]elues, and with our friends. Cause [Page] Philotimus to make Bulwarkes about the house, & place a Gard about it. And I pray you take vp Corrier's of purpos [...]: to the end, no daie may passe, without receiuing letters from you. And aboue all things, as you desire our healths, looke to your owne. From Formiae: The xx. of Ianuarie.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 19.

AMongst other exc [...]eding great sorrowes, the sicknesse of our Tullia goes verie neere me. Of whom it imports not, that I write anie thing else vnto you, being assured, that you haue as great a care of her, as I haue. Wheras you desire, that I would come neerer hand, I see it requisite, and had alreadie done so, but that I met with manie impediments, which as yet a [...]e not remoued But I expect letters from Pomponius, which I praie you conuey pres [...]ntlie vnto me [...]. Tender your health.

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Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 20.

WE thinke to bee at Tusculanum, within ten, or eleuen daies. See euerie thing be there prouided: for it may so fal [...] out, that wee may bring manie with vs: and I beleeue, wee shall continue there sometime together. If there bee not a bathing [...]ub within the stoue; let one bee gotten: as also all other necessaries, that belong eith [...]r to nourish, or preserue vs. Farewell: The xxviij. of September.

Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 21.

I Should be glad you were in health as I was at the wri [...]ng hereof. End [...]uor to grow strong againe. M [...]ke prouision of things necess [...]rie. Let vs haue them [...]cco [...]ding to the [...]imes. And aduer [...]ise me of al [...] occurren [...]s. Farewell.

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Cicero to his wife Terentia. Epist. 22.

I Should be glad, &c. We daily expect your Corrier's: when they come, w [...]e shall peraduen [...]ure conceiue what wee are to doe, and will presently acquaint you. Bee verie carefull of your health. Farewell: The first of September.

Cicero to his wife Ter [...]ntia. Epist, 23.

IF you bee, as I am, all's well. Hitherto I can heare no certaintie, either of Caesars comming, or of the letters, which they say, Phil [...]timus hath. When the truth is knowne, I will forthwith aduertise you. Bee carefu [...]ly respectiue of your health. The eleuenth of August.

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Cicero to his wife Ter [...]ntia. Epist. 24.

IF you be as I am, all's well I haue at le [...]gth receiued letters from Caesar, full of loue and courtesie: and 'tis reported, he will be heere, sooner then is imagined. When I haue made my determination, You shall know, whether I meane to meet him; or expect him. Dispatch the Corrier's with all expedition. And be verie carefull of your health. F [...]rewell: The x [...]j. of August.

THE FIFTEENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero vice-Consull, to the Consulls, Praetors, Tribunes of the people; Senate, and people of Rome. Epist. 1.

IF you bee well, &c. But that I thought Marcus Bibulus vice-Consull, could haue giuen you cert [...]ine information, of the euents succeeded in his Prouince: I would not haue omitted, [Page] so soone as the newes was brought me, speedily to aduertise you, that the Parthians with almost their whole forces, had passed ouer Euphrates. Though this were reported to me for a certaine truth: y [...]t I thought it not my office, to write vnto you of the particul [...]rs of another mans Prouince. But perceiuing the same newes, euery day more verified, and that it was a matter of that consequence; and because we did not heare that Bibulus was come into Syria; and besides all this, in that the managing of this warre, app [...]rt [...]ined as it were vnto vs both: I iudge it requisite to giue you aduertisment the [...]of. The Ambassadors of King Antiochus Commagenus, were the first, that certefied me [...] of a great Armie of Parthians, passing ouer Euphrates. Hauing heard this, some being of opinion, that credit should not bee so suddainely giuen to the foresaid King, I thought it expedient to attend a while, till tydings might arriue of greater certaintie. The xix. of September, conducting mine Armie into Cilicia, betweene the confines of Lycaonia, and Cappadocia, letters were deliuered me, from King Tarcondim [...]tus, who hath report to be as faith [...]ull an associate of the people of Rome, or more trustie, then any beyond Mount Taurus. Wherin, he gaue me to vnderstand, how Pacorus, [Page] sonne to Orodes, King of the Parthians, was passed Euphrates, with a mightie Cauallerie, and encamp [...]ed himselfe vnder Ty [...]a. And th [...]t great tumults were raised through all Syria. The selfe [...]same day, I rec [...]iued letters to the same effect, from Iamblicus th'-Arabians Phyla [...]: Who is thought to be well affected, and a friend to our Common-wealth. These newes being heard; though I had little securitie, of the doubtfull valour of our associats, who would take no notice thereof, expecting [...]ome present innouation: yet I hoped that they were become somewhat more friendly to the people of Rome, amongst whom I had alreadie beene, and who by [...]ryall, had found our integritie, and clemencie: and that Cilicia might the better be confirmed in loyaltie, if it had but some proofe of our equitie. And to this effect, and for the suppressing of those Cili [...]ians who were in armes; and to make the enemie who was in Syria to conceiue, that the Roman [...] Armie, did not only not drawe backe, as daunted by these rumors, but a [...]so aduanc [...]d, as resolu'd to vanquish, I began to march with the Armie towards Mount Taurus. It is not requisite to relate vnto you, in what state these Prouinces are, in that you had other meanes to vnderstand it. But if my authoritie bee of any esteeme [Page] with you, in those things especially, which you haue heard, and whereof I am an eye witnesse. I would aduise you to send succours hither, which though they shall come later then was conuenient, yet is it good to s [...]nd them. You know that I came to the gouernment of this Prouince, with little strength, though so dangerous a warre was feared, as now is expected. And though I knew my selfe weakely prouided, to defend it; yet for mine honors sake, I would not refuse such a charge, preferring your authoritie, before any disaster that might befall mee [...] And now, seeing that to succeed, which was feared, I informe you, that if you send not in defence of th [...]se countries, as great an Armie as you vse to send to those places, that are pestered with warres of gr [...]at [...]st consideration. You are in danger to loose [...]he [...]e Prouinces, which you well know to be of waightie consequence to the R [...]mane people. Neither must you put any confidence in the souldiers that are heere, for they are but few; and these few, cannot looke the en [...]mie in the face. And they haue g [...]uen so bad a triall of themselues, that Marcus Bibulus, being in Asia, in great want of men, as a very prudent man, would not ent [...]rtaine them, although hee had your lycence to that effect. We can hope for [Page] little from our f [...]iends, for, hauing beene pillaged, and oppressed by our gouernours, they are either so weake, that they can afford vs no ayde, or beare vs such an hatred, as it would bee meere [...]olly, to [...]ust to them in any enterprise. King D [...]iota [...]us is with all his forces at our command. Cappadocia is emptie. The other Kings and Princes, cannot doe much, neither are they will [...]ng. I will not be discouraged, though I want souldiers. And I hope, I shall not want direction. Th'euent is vncertaine. God grant we may come off with safetie; for I make no doubt of honour. Farewell.

Cicero vice-Consull, to the Consuls, Praetors, Tribunes of the people: Senate and people of Rome. Epist. 2.

I Could not arriue in my Prouince be [...]ore the last of August; through the difficultie of my iou [...]ney, as w [...]ll by sea, as by land. But being come thither, I began p [...]e [...]ently to view the Arm [...]e, and to furnish it with what was necessarie. And though I had but weake meanes, yet h [...]uing respect to [Page] that which you enioyned mee, I wrought so, that by mine industrie, and diligence, I prouided it of all things necessarie. This being done, newes, and letters comming euery houre, how the Parthians were come downe into Syria, with all their forces: I resolu'd to march by Lycaonia, by th'Isaur [...], and through Cappadocia; fearing much, least the Parthians might get out of Syria, and fall into my Prouince. Whereunto they had an open way, marching by Capadocia, which is an open passage. And doing as I determined, I took my way through that part of Cappad [...]cia, that confineth v [...] on Cilicia. And comming with my Armie to a certaine towne called Cybistra, lying on the side of Mount Taurus, there [...] encamped; to the end that Artuasdes king of the Arme [...]ans might know, howso [...]uer hee were affected, that the Romane Armie was vpon his confines. And besides this, to haue the supportation of King D [...]i [...]tarus, a loyall friend to our Common-wealth, Who by his counsell, and force might greatly assi [...]t vs. Here therefore pitching our T [...]nts, for the speedy receiuing of aduertisements out of Syria, and sending my Cauall [...]rie into Cilicia, that the Citties there, perceiuing my ariuall; might the rather pers [...]uer in their fidelitie; I staid there for the space of three daies: Which I [Page] spent in a very important, and necessarie office. Which was [...] that I off [...]r'd my selfe to king Ariobarzanes, a very iust King, and friend to the Romanes, promising him [...]ll ayde and succor, for the defence of himselfe, and of his kingdome: and causing him to vnderstand, how affectionately you had recommended him vnto me, and with how great honor to himselfe, you seemed to hold him in high esteeme: in that the Romane Senate, neuer vs'd so louing an action to any king, as they had done to him, giuing him no slender testimonie of the affection you beare him, and of his owne worth, for which you reputed him worthie of your protection. The King hauing heard this Embassie, he began, fi [...]st, to thanke you in the best manner he could, and then my selfe; taking it for a great grace, and wonderfull honor, [...]hat the Senate, and people of Rome, should haue so great a ca [...]e of his sa [...]etie, and that I vs'd so much diligence to let him know it. And so proce [...]ding in his discourse, he told me to my great contentment, how he [...]ued fre [...] from all feare, and suspicion, as well of his life, as of his kingdome, whereat re [...]oycing with him, and expressing the conten [...]ment of minde I felt thereby [...] I exhorted him to be minde [...]ull of the horrible accident of his father [...] death, and carefully [Page] to looke to hims [...]lfe, and by our aduise to lay fo [...] his owne safet [...]e. After this, taking le [...]ue of me, he returned to Cybistr [...]. The day after hee came much disturbed, and lam [...]nting to me in my Tents, togeather [...] with Ariar [...]thes hi [...] brother, and with his fathers ancientest f [...]iends, who l [...]mented no lesse then himsel [...]e; and hauing pitti [...]ully demanded ayde of mee, I cast with my selfe, what might be the meaning thereof. And [...]e at larg [...] laid open vnto me the occasion; inferring, how certaine practises were di [...]couered, intended against him. Wh [...]ch hith [...]rto had lyen hid, in respect, that they who might haue reuealed them, for feare had concealed them. And though they saw them [...]elues free'd of the danger, yet they f [...]ared to discouer them; but being secu [...]ed in my power, they boldly made them knowne. And amongst these was his louing, and courteous bro [...]her: who also in my presence affirm'd, how he had beene prouoked to make a way to the kingdome, by his brothers death, in that hee could not raigne while he liued: but for feare of worie, he neuer reueal'd it to him before my arriuall: which procur'd such securitie, that these treasons came to be discouered. Vnderstanding the matter, I entreated the king to be circumspect, and to vse all meanes and endeauour, [Page] for the preseruation of his life & State: And I exhorted those faithfull friends and followers, who were so beloued of his father, that bearing in minde, the disastrous accident befallen the old King, with all care and vigilancie, they should intend the preseruing of this man present. Her [...]upon the King requesting me, to lend him a part, of my horse, and infanterie, though I had not onely ample licence from you, but also strict iniunction, that so I might, and should doe: yet the necessities of the Common [...]wealth enforcing me, to conduct my Armie vpon the confines of Cilicia, without interposing any delay, for the bad newes which euery day came out of Syria; and supposing the King able enough to defend himselfe, without the succor of my Armie, in that the trecheries were now made knowne: I perswaded him, that the first demonstration of himselfe to be a king was, to preseru [...] his owne life; then that he should be a seuere persecutor of whomsoeuer had committed any treason against his person; that hee should punish the heads of the conspiracie; and beare himselfe chearefully to others, for the rooting of all suspition out of their mindes. And that he would rather make vse of mine Armie, to daunt the courage of the delinquen [...]s, then any wayes to contest with th [...]m. [Page] Heereunto, adding, that your decree would be of so great force; that no man d [...]st innou [...]te any thing; they conceiuing, that I had expresse commissio [...] from you to ayde him, and to cur [...]e their insolency, that plotted against him. And after I had with liuely reasons perswaded him to bee of good courage, I rais'd my Campe from the foresaid place, directing my march towards Cilicia. And so I departed out of Capp [...]do [...]ia, hauing miraculously preserued both the life, and state of Ariobarzanes. Whom, you had prudently recommended vnto mee, granting him first, out of your owne [...]reewill, the tit [...]e of a King, by decree's full of affection. Wherein you shewed the great care you tooke of his s [...]fetie; whereof I thought good to giue you notice, that you might vnde [...]stand, how you, by your circumspection preuented a great euill, which ere long, would haue produced wicked effects. And I write the more willingly to you he [...]reof, because me thinkes I discern'd in king Ariobarzanes, so many, and such like signes, of wit, fideliti [...], and loue, as it may be conceiu'd, that not without speciall reason, you tooke so principall a care of his well doing. Fare you well.

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Cicero to Marcus Cato. Epist. 3.

THE third of September, the Embassadors of king Antiochus Commagenus came vnto mee there, where I had pitched vnder Iconium, bringing newes, how the sonne of the Parthian king, kinsman to the king of the Armenians, with an innumerable companie of Paribians, and a great number also of other nations, was come to the banks of Euphrates, & had already begun to transport his Souldiers. H [...]reunto annexing, how it was reported, that the king of Armenia would make some incursion into Cappadocia, whereof I was desirous to adue [...]tise you, for our friendships sake, not being willing to write publikely thereof, for two reasons; one because the Ambassadors informed me, that the foresaid king Commagenus, presently dispatched messengers to the Senate with letters, wherein he certified them of all: th'other, because I made reckoning that Marcus Bibulus, vice-Consull, being departed from Ephesus, euer since the midd'st of August, and hauing had faire windes, was now come into his Prouince, and so consequently, with greater certaintie, might write vnto [Page] the Senate, of the euents of Syria. And because I see all other meanes excluded, of defending these Countries; I labor to purchase the loue, & good will of the people, and to keepe our Colleaga [...]es in fidelitie. And nothing else occurring worthie of in [...]ormation, I beseech you to loue, and fauour me, as you were won [...] to doe. Farewell.

Cicero to Marcus Cato. Epist. 4.

BEing resolued, to make a sute vnto the Senate, which questionlesse in it selfe, is iust and honest; neuer [...]helesse, I thought fit therein to vse your authoritie as an instrument: knowing what fauour, and assi [...]tance, the rare qu [...]lities of your minde may affoord me: which haue brought you into such reputation with euery man, that your meanes in obtaining any great matter of moment, are exceeding powerfull. And to this effect, I was d [...]sirous in this present letter, fully to aduertise you, of the course I tooke, to retaine the ami [...]ie of our associat's; and of the Iustice, and Cha [...]itie, which I shewed to their Sub [...]ectes: hoping that by this way, I should more easilie encline you, to fauour me. The [Page] last of Iuly I was in my Prouince, and perceiuing how it was a season, to repaire to the Armie without any delaie: I stayed onely in Laod [...]cea three daies, in Apameae foure, three in Sinadis: and as many more in Philomelum: and leauing in all these townes multitudes of souldiers. I disburdened manie other Citties, who were surcharged with intollerable tributes, and heauie vsuries: and clear'd them of infinite debts vnsufferable; growing by taxations, which were impos'd vpon them, beyond all reason. And because the Armie, was disseuer'd, through a certaine disorder, growing before my arriual; vpon which cause, fiue Cohorts of it, were withdrawen, vnder Philomelum, without either Legate, or T [...]ibune; and finally, without so much as a Centurion; the remainder of the Armie lying in Lycaonia, I gaue Commission to Marcus Anneius th [...] Legate, to reconduct the sayd cohorts thither, where the others were: and so knitting together the whole Armie, that he [...]hould encampe himsel [...]e there in Lycaonia, vnder Iconium. After, he hauing performed all things according to mine order giuen him, I came to the Campe, the xxvi. of August: hauing first drawen together, a good number of the best forraine souldiers I could take vp, both foot, and horse, besides those, which were voluntarily [Page] offered me, by the free Nations, & those Kings, who are in league with vs. In the meane while hauing mustred my men, I directed my m [...]rch towardes Cilicia. And the first of September being on my way, Embassadors ouertooke m [...], from king Commagenus, which being all astonished, & fraught with feare, related to me for a certaine truth, how the Parthians were passed into Syria; whereat my mind was wonderfully troubled, in respect of Syria, and mine owne Prouince, and bri [...]fly, in respect of all Asia. Wherefore I resolu'd too, to hold on my way by that part of Cappad [...]cia, which confineth with Cilicia; perceiuing that if I should fall into Cilicia, I might easily de [...]end it, through the naturall si [...]uation of Mount Amanus, (for there are but onely two entries, out of Syria into Cilicia, and both of them are narrow, that with a very few men, the enemies passage may be stopped, and on the part of Syria, Cilicia could not be better fortified) but Cappadocia I feared: because it lay open to Syria, and is expos'd to the danger, that might accrew from bordering kings. Who, though they be our frends, yet dare they not manifest themselues, enemies to the Parthians. Therefore, in the furthest part of Cappad [...]cia, not farre [...]rom Mount Taurus, vnder the towne of Cybistra, I encamped; both [Page] to defend Cilicia, and to supplant the new disseignes o [...] bord [...]ring Nations, holding Cappadocia. And in the meane time, [...]umors on all sides being sp [...]ead, and a great warre expected, king [...] tarus, a wise, and v [...]lian [...] man, (of [...]hom b [...]h you, & I, together with the whole S [...]at [...], had euer a singular good conceipt, ha [...]ing found him vpon all occasions faithfull, a [...]d w [...]ll aff [...]cted to the people of R [...]me,) sent Ambassadors to me, info [...]ming me, that he would come with all h [...]s Forces into my Campe. Wher [...]pon, I, being mou'd, through so louing and cour [...]eous a demonstration, gaue him thankes by letters, exhorting him to hasten his comming as much as was possible [...] and hauing stayed at Cybistra fiue dayes, to furnish my selfe of things necessarie for the warre, I deliuer'd king Ario [...]a [...]z [...]nes from an imminent perill, which be [...]ore he had not perceiued. And, being [...]ecommended to me, at your requ [...]st by the Senate, I did not onely procure his safetie, but so effected, that he might cause himselfe to be both obey'd, and feared. B [...]sides this, I pr [...]uailed so far with the same King, that he shew'd fauour to Metra, and that Athen [...]us, whom you so seriously recommended to me. Who through the malice of Athenaides had beene banished: so that he now maintaines them about him, in gre [...]t, and [Page] honou [...]able fashion. And perceiuing what warre, might e [...]sue, betweene king Ariobarzan [...]s, and the Priest, if the Priest with Armes meant to defend himselfe: as the common opinion was he would doe, being a powe [...]ull young man, and furnished with horse & foot, and which imported most, with money, being fauoured by th [...]m, that affected innouation; I caus'd [...]im to depart out of the kingdome, and so accommoda [...]ed [...]he Kings affai [...]es, as without tumult, or Armes, he might bear [...] him [...]elfe as a King, and liue without any [...]ealousie, keeping a roiall guard within his Pallace. In the meane [...]pace, by letters receiu'd from diuers; and by messengers arriued, I vnderstood, how a great Armie of the Parthians, and Arabians, made approach to Antiochia: and that a great troope of their horse, who were gotten into Cilicia, were discomfited and hewen in pieces, by my Cauallerie, and Praetorian Infant [...]rie, who we [...]e of the g [...]arison of Epiphanea. Whereupon, seeing that the Parthia: Nation, giuing ouer the enterprise of Cap [...]adocia, drew neare to Cilicia; with great dayes iourneyes, I conduct [...]d the Armie towardes Mount Amanus: whither being come, I had aduertisement, how th [...] enemy was ris [...]n from before An [...]iochi [...], & Bibulus was [...] thereinto. And hearing that D [...]tarus wa [...] [Page] hasting tow [...]rds me, with a strong Cau [...]llerie, and Infant [...]rie, and mul [...]itude of Forces: I sent him word, that I now saw no ne [...]d, why he shoul [...] remooue himselfe so farre f [...]om his [...]ingdome: but vpon any occurr [...]nt, I wou [...]d suddainly giue him notice. Af [...]r these euents, retaining a firme resolution, to pacifie the people of Mount Amanus, and to expell them, that euer w [...]re enemies, though I came with an int [...]ntion, to [...]uccour both the one, and other Prouince, if the time permitted: neuerthelesse, I iudging, that this would redound to the benefit of both those Prouinces; I thought it most expedient to bring my determination [...]o effect. And there [...]ore making a shew of departing from the sayd Mountaine, and remouing about a dayes iourney off: and pitching my tents vnder Epiphan [...]a, the xij. o [...] October, about the shutting in of the [...]uening, I, with the most actiue of my souldiers aduanced: and so marching all night, at breake of day, we asc [...]nded the mountaine; and d [...]ding the Armie, part rem [...]ined vnder mine, and my brothers command, part I committed to Caius P [...]ntinius, and the rest I left to Lu [...]i [...] An [...]cius, and Lucius Tullius, who are all the Legates I haue: and so marching on in thi [...] [...]quipage, we ass [...]i [...]d the enemies on a suddaine: of whom some were sl [...]ine, some [...]aken, [Page] hauing no time left them for flight. P [...]ntinius beleaguer'd Erana: Which being the Metropolitane of Amanu [...] [...] may rather be tearmed a cittie, then a Burrough; and moreouer, Sepyra, and Commoris. Which town [...]s were verie strong, de [...]ending themselues resolutely. But yet they were so oppressed, that in the end with great [...] slaughter of the enemies, they were taken. And this assault beginning before day light, continued till two houres within the night. Besides [...]his, we tooke six small towns, and burnt diuers others. After these e [...]fects ensued, we pitched at the foote of Amanus, call'd by the name of Al [...]xanders Altars; in which place, staying some foure dayes, we spent the time in extinguishing our enemies, and in [...]orraging, and wasting that part of Am [...] nus, which lies against my Prouince. These things being perform'd, I conducted mine Armie within sight of Pindenissus, a Burrough of priuiledged Cilicians. Which is seated vpon a verie high mountaine, a place inex [...]ugnable, and inhabi [...]ed by men, who alwayes scorn'd [...]o be gouern'd by their owne Kings, much lesse by others. And perc [...]iuing that they gaue receptacle to all that fl [...]d, making op [...]n defence, through hope they had, that [...]he Par [...]hian [...] would arriue to their succour: me thought the honour of the Romane soueraigntie, [Page] spurred me forward, to suppresse their insolencie, that others thereat might be astonished, who stood ou [...] stiffe against our dominion. I therefore impaled, and intrenched them, and I beleaguer'd them, with six Bulwares, and encamped about them, with as great an extent as I was able. And I oppugn'd it with Countermures, shelters, and tourrets. And so, battering it with diuers engins, and assailing it with Crosse-bow shot, with great labour, and without any disturbance, or charge to our Associates, I tooke it, within the space of lesse then two moneths. For they within, perceiuing the Cittie burnt, and ruined on euery side, out of necessitie yeelded themselues. A little beyond, are the Tibarani, as wicked and audacious as the former. Who hearing of the taking in of Pindenissus, sent me hostages. And then I dismissed the Armie, (winter being now come on,) to their seuerall quarters. And gaue charge to Quintus my brother, that he should disperse the Armie, in the taken, and suspected Burroughs. Now be as [...]ured, I shall repute it for a great honour, if, when these my actions are related to the Senate, you will but approue, that a thankefull demonstration may be made thereof. And, [...]hough I know it to be the custome, o [...] ma [...]ure, and qualified men, to employ one another in [Page] such like cases, and to adde their [...]arnest entreaties: neuerthelesse, I thinke it may suffice me, onely to haue giuen you information thereof. Calling to mind, how many times, you haue with your sentences, fauoured me, in how many places exalted, and honoured, and vpon how many occasions benefitted me: your words I euer est [...]emed of such power, that when soeuer you commended me, I was sure to compasse all my pretences. And finally, I remember, when not minding to grant the celebration of a publicke feast, vnto a famous man, and endued with singular integritie; you said you would grant it him, if it were demanded for ma [...]ters effected by him, as Consull in the Cittie. And the same honor you yeelded to me in my gowne: not by vertue of Armes, as it was graunted to many: but, (as neuer any had it;) for my Countries preseruation. I forbeare to alledge, how for my sake, you car'd not to excite against your selfe many enemies, to expose your selfe to many perils, and to resist the violence of my Fortunes. Which you were ready to oppose, euen [...]o the end, if I had beene so pleased. And last of all, that you reputed mine, your enemie; whose death you also approued, defending Milo's cause, in the open Senate. So that I might easily perc [...]iue, how worthily you este [...]med o [...] [Page] me On my p [...]rt, I wil not now produce the good [...]ffices, I euer perform'd for you; but onely [...]n affectionate enclination towards you: Through which, I was enforced not alone, to reuerence you in heart, and imitate your example, and your vertues, (For, there's none that doth not so much) but in all my actions, in al [...] my writings, as well Greeke, as Latine; and bre [...]fly in all those Sciences, wherein I exercised my selfe, I could not, but prefer you before all men, aswell those, whom wee know by sight, as those whom fame hath giuen vs notice of. You will, peraduenture, demand of mee, what the reason is, I make so great an accompt, of receiuing this fauour from the Senate? To which, I will freely answer, because I thinke I can, & ought so to do; aswell by reason of our studies, as for our inward friendship, and also for the domesticall familiaritie, that hath [...]eene betwixt our fathers. If euer there were a man, that by nature, (ney, ( [...]f mine owne affection deceiue me not) that out of iudgement and learning) neuer relished the vaine praises, that are giuen by the vulg [...]r; I certainely am that man. And thereof my Consulship can giue testimonie; wherein, as in all my life past, I confesse, I h [...]ue practised those courses, from whence a true glorie might ari [...]e vnto me. Bu [...] yet I was [Page] euer of this opinion, that glorie should should not be affected. And that this is true: refused I not, the Prouince assigned to me by the Senate? Which, being munified, and secure, yeelded mee mee vndoubted hope [...] of a Triumph. And when I might with little labour, haue obtain'd the Augurall dignitie, as you cannot but conceiue; did I not contemne it? but after I r [...]ceiu'd that iniurie, which notwithstanding, turn'd to my great renowne; although you euer termed it the ruine of the Common-wealth; I applied all my endeuor, that the Senate and people of Rome, might fauour me, with all titles of honour, for a signe, as it were, of mine innocencie. Whereupon, afterwards I tooke vpon mee the Augureship, which at first I car'd not for: and the same honour, which the Senate is accustomed to grant those men, that by armes haue augmented the State of the Common-wealth, heretofore by mee contemned; I now seeke, that with iust title it may bee also relucent in mee. And to the end, my minde may bee herein satisfied, (and in this may b [...]e perceiu'd a little sparke of desire, to cure the wound of my recei [...]ed iniury;) Though before I told you, I would not entreat you, to lend mee your ayd, and helpe; now, with my whole hea [...]t, I request your furtherance. But [Page] not, vnlesse my actions at this present be such, as doe not onely not seeme friuolous; but of that moment, that manie haue for matters of lesse consequence, been with greatest honours, by the Senate dignified. And surely, if I haue truely obserued your renowned vertues, as in effect I haue (for you know, with what vigilant attention, I vse euen to collect your words) I conceiue, amongst the rest, how you were wont, not onely to looke into the actions of Captaines valiantly atchiued, but also into their customes, life, and institutions: and co [...]sequently, to honour them, according as th [...]se qualities were in them, more, or lesse resplendant. Which, if you please to consider in my actions, you shall discerne, that to preuent the rebelling of those people, who perceiuing so great a war readie to ruine them, would presently haue reuolted; I betooke my selfe to the safeguard of equitie and moderation: And by these stratagems, I haue compassed such designes, as by no Armie were euer atchiued: hauing drawne these Associates [...]o our amitie, who were our capitall enemies: and re-vnited [...]hose subiects with our dominion; who, perceiuing things in a commotion, were alien [...]ted; expecting to what part, Fortune would bee enclined. I know not what conceit hath transported mee further [Page] then was requisite; especially with you, to whose eares, the complaints of al those people come, which are our Associates. Of the aboue-mentioned succes [...]es, they will plentifully enforme you, who thinke themselues re-established by mine ordinance. And omitting to alledge, that there is not anie one man, who will not concur with mee, in making a faithful relation of my euents; They of the Isle of Cyprus, and the Kingdome of Cappadocia, shall bee the men, who shall speake vnto you, in my commendation. The like will bee done, as I suppose, by your especiall friend, King Deiotarus. These put all together, cannot peraduenture, speake so far, that they can with words, adde anie thing to the effects. But because in all ages, there was a lesser number of those that could subdue their owne appetites, then of those, that knew how to vanquish an enemie; certainely, you ought to repute my operations the greater, and more iust, comparing with the excellencie of armes, these parts which are more rare, and found with greater difficultie. I will not proceed to more [...]fficacious entreaties But, as it were, distrusting to be heard, I will cal Philosophie to mine ayde, which is the dearest thing that I esteeme in the world, and the most worthie gi [...]t, that euer the Gods bestowed [Page] vpon humane generation. This communion therefore of studies, wherby (, both of vs, hauing from our childhood, applied all our thoughts and endeuors thereunto); we haue almost alone, brought that ancient & true Philosophie, (which some hold, to taste of sloth & idlenesse,) into the Foru [...], and Common-wealth, & almost into the armie; shal pre [...]ch my deserts vnto you: which, I suppose, Cato cannot (but vnlawfully) denie. Wherefore assure your selfe; that if it so happen, that the Senate, through your perswasion, grant me this honour; I shall repute, I haue a [...]tained to my intention, by the means I most desired, that is, by the loue you beare mee, and your owne authoritie. Farewell.

Marcus Cato to Cicero, Imperator. Epist. 5.

HAuing vnderstood of the vigilant care you haue taken of the people committed to your charge, and the Iustice you haue executed in your gouernment: & your zeale, in procuring their happines. I haue found such contentment therein, as our friendship, and the loue I beare vnto my Countrey, requireth. [Page] Which, notwithstanding, to me is no new thing, nor to anie that haue knowne the diuine forme by you obserued, in the Regiments of Rome. wherefore, not thinking it fit, that your praises should bee concealed, hauing with innocencie, and good counsels, defended the Prouince, preseru'd the Kingdome of Ariobarzanes, with the King himselfe; & recalled to the obedience of our Empire the Confederates; I spake openly in the Senate, in testimonie of your vertues, which had produced so happie effects. The Senate vnd [...]rstanding your desire, according to the ancient order, did del [...]berate, that all the Temples of the Citie should bee visited. And, if, for that which you haue effected, not by anie fauour of prosperous Fortune, but by meanes of your owne moderation and prudence, you had rather, the people of Rome should giue thankes to the immortall Gods, then acknowledge it from your selfe: I in like manner reioyce thereat. But if you affect this honour, esteeming it an earnest of your Triumph; And would for this, haue vs more bouud to Fortune, then to your selfe; Know, that Triumph doth not alwaies second such honor. In my opinion, 'tis farre greater glorie, when the Senate iudges, that the Prouince was maintain'd and preseru'd rather [Page] by the clemencie and sinceritie of the Captaine, then either by the force of Souldiers, or the Gods benignitie. And about this point, I haue been longer then vsuall, to make you conceiue the great desire I haue, to settle you in this opinion; that I haue both procur'd that for you, which in my iudgement did accrue most vnto your greatnesse: and that I reioyce, that you haue obtained, what you most desired. Farewell. Loue vs, and as you haue begun, prosecute the affaires of the Common-wealth, and our Associates, with diligence, and seueritie.

Cicero to Marcus Cato. Ep. 6.

NAEVIUS, as I remember, by the mouth of Hector, saith; I finde, O Father, inestimable contentment, in hearing my selfe commended by you, a commendable person. The like may I say, who thinke I haue gained wonderfull glory, because you congratulate with m [...]e, for my obtained honour, and much more, in that with the testimonie of your opinion, you haue praised my actions. For that Fame, which springs from the iudgement of some graue man, and one of authoritie, augmente [...]h a mans r [...] nowne and reputation; and eu [...]ry man [Page] presumes, that it proceeeds from truest vertue. But what in this I take for a singular fauour, and yeelds mee high contentment, is, that I conceiue, how in respect of our friendship, you haue been most liberall to me of that, which you would willingly haue afforded any, for the t [...]uths sake. And if our Citie, in which, it is a miracle to finde one Cato, had not onely that one, but did abound in many Cato's, there is no Pompe, nor Triumph so magnificent, which I would not esteeme, as nothing in comparison of the praises which you haue deliuered of me. For, according to my opinion, and in their iudgement, who, with discree [...] and sound vnderstanding, respect the end of true glory: nothing in the world could haue add [...]d vnto my good name so much, as by your speeches hath beene added. In which, as I haue beene aduertised from home, you exalted me to heauen. I will not contend, in alledging the reasons, that made me not ambitious; but desirous to purchase vnto my selfe that gen [...]rall grace, which is so much esteemed; hauing written thereof at large, in my last letters. And though you infer, [...]hat a m [...]n s [...]ould not bend to such like respects, this no waies distas [...]s me, for [...]'is true, that honors should not be so openly hunted af [...]er; but when they are o [...]f [...]red by the Se [...]te, they ought not [Page] to be re [...]used. And because it pleaseth me to suppose, that the Senate, in recompence of my labours sustained in the seruice of the commonwealth, reputes me not vnworthy of an ordinary fauour. In such a case I desire no other from you, but after you haue granted me, what your owne iudgement implyes; that you will also reioyce, if I happen to attaine to my desire, as you reioyced at the honor, which not long since was conferred on me. Whereof I know, you tooke that contentment which was requisite; in that you were present, at the recording of the decree thereupon passed; considering that such del [...]berations are vsually registred, by the dearest F [...]iends of that part, whom the Act concerneth. I hope we shall shortly see one another againe, and God grant, in a better State, then I can expect of the Commonwealth. Farewell.

Cicero Vice-consull, to Marcus Marcellus Consull. Ep. 7.

I Am wonderfull glad that you obtained the end of your rea [...]onable desire. For your piety towards your friend [...], and loue towards your country deserued the reputation, which your sing [...]lar, and excellent vertues in your [Page] Consulship haue procured you: wherein, you haue set vp a ladder, as it were, for Caius Marcellus, to mount vnto the same degre of dignitie. I am assured, there is none in Rome, that will not shew himselfe therewith, as contented as we doe. Who being sent by you, to the vttermost bounds of our Empire, doe highly exalt you, with iust and true praises. For, though I haue specially loued you from your childe-hood; and you haue not onely satisfied mee at all times, and vpon anie occasion, but also reputed me worthie of all honour: Neuerthelesse, obseruing the kinde part, that you shewed to your brother, & the singular grace that the people of Rome haue afforded you: the loue I formerly bare you, is manifoldly redoubled. And I will not conceale, how I finde ample satisfaction, when I heare from prudent persons, and those worthie of credit, how in all opinions, actions, in all our endeuours and proceedings, we both aime at one marke. Now, if to the other excellent operations of your Consulship, you also adde this, that a Successor may forthwith be s [...]nt me, or that my time be not prorogu'd, which you limited mee by decree, and by the Law, I shall remaine highly [...]atisfied. Bee carefull of your health, and loue, and de [...]end mee, as you were accustomed. Touching [Page] newes of the Parthians, not minding yet to aduertise the Senat, I thought not good to write to you the [...]of: for in writing to the Consull, I might seeme, as it were, to write vnto the Senate. Farewel.

Cicero Vice-Consull, to Caius Marcus, Consull [...]lected. Epist. 8.

TO my wonderfull content, I vnderstand you are created Consull; which dignitie the Gods felicitate vnto you, and aduance from good to better: that you may administer it, with your owne, and your fathers honor, giuing such testimonies of your valor, as I desire you should; both because I haue found, in the great instabilitie of my fortunes, how heartily you loued me, and also in that the infinite benefits I haue receiued from your [...]ather, binde me to lou [...] you; & consequently to wish you all happines: he neuer failing me of his ayde and fauour, either in my miserie or prospe [...]itie. Besides, your Mother a vertuous Ladie, and of great magnanimitie, hath manifested by [...]uident effects the inexplicable good will she beares vnto me; hauing laboured in my safetie and honor, with the greatest feru [...]ncie, that can be required in a wom [...]n. Whe [...]fore I entreate you, to loue and d [...]fend m [...], while I remaine in this gouernment. Farewell.

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Cicero vice-Consull, to Marcus Marcellus his Colleague. Epist. 9.

I Am wondrous gl [...]d, that M [...]rcellus is made Consull, and that your wishes haue taken ef [...]ect. And no newes could haue come of greater [...]oy vnto me not onely in respect of himselfe, but also in iudging that your vertue merite [...]h al felicity. To this may be annexed, that not onely when For [...]une fauoured my aff [...]ires, but also when she frowned on me; I made infallible tryall of the sinceritie o [...] that affection which you bare mee: and finally, I haue alwaies found your hou [...]e, ready to procure my honour, and safet [...]e, at all times when need required. Wherefore you shall doe me a fauour, to manifest this my contentment to your wife Iunia, a most graue and worthie Lady. I beseech you, loue, and defend me according to your accustomed manner. Farewell.

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Cicero Imperator, to Caius Marcellus Consull, son to Caius. Epist. 10.

BEhold, Fortune concurring with our desire; in hau [...]ng ministred an occasion, whereby the family of the Marcelli, and Marcellini, who, in louing of me, were alwaies of one cons [...]nt, hath found a meanes to certifie mee of the a [...]ection which they bare me; You are exalted to the Consulship, which I greatly desi [...]ed. And in truth, neither could I haue had greater hap, then to haue a Consull to mine owne minde, no [...] you meete wi [...]h fitter times, to make me c [...]pable of your affection: For, I hau [...]ng performed some seruice in the behalfe of the Common-wealth, it lies in you to manifest, how farre you loue me, by intimating to the Senate, how worthie I am of commendation; and by perswading them to remunerate my dese [...]uings. I would therefore, if you finde the S [...]nate thereunto enclined, that when my letters are read, you would take the paines (as with ease you may,) to procure, that the honorables [...] decree may bee thereupon made that you are able. If the knot which fastens me togeather with your kindred, were strong [...]r [...]hen the chaine, [Page] that bindes mee to your friendship, I would choose them for my meanes. Whom you know, to with mee very well, but it impo [...]ts not. From your father I haue receiued important benefits, and I may truely auerre, that neuer any man s [...]ewed himselfe a greater friend to my safetie, and honor [...]hen he did: your brother obser [...]es, and [...]spects mee, as is knowne to [...]ll men. And to include many wo [...]d [...] i [...] on [...], your whole familie, w [...]s neuer fl [...]cke, to attempt any enterp [...]se, in my fauour. And yet for all this, your selfe was neuer inferior to any of yours in louing me. Whereupon with all feruencie, I request you really to fauour me, and to take vpon you, the protection of mine honor; [...]rst, in procuring those honors to be confer [...]ed vpon me, which fore-run a Triumph; and then, iu furthering me in any other respect, that shall seeme accrewing to my benefit. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Caius Marcellus Consull. Epist. 11.

THough the effect it selfe relateth, how deare my honour was vnto you, and how stedfastly you remaine [Page] the same in your Consulship, that you alwaies weare amongst the rest of your house, and kindred: yet the letters also of all my friends doe ratifie the same. Wherefore I finde my selfe so much bound vnto you, as there is no trauaile so great, which I would not most readily, and cheerefully put my selfe vpon for your benefit. For the person to whom a man stands bound, is a matter of great moment; and I was euer glad to reamaine obliged vnto you, to whom, both through the same profession of letters, and for benefits receiued from your father, and your selfe I am much endeared. Besides, that louing band, which ties vs with a stronger knot; in that you haue euer discharged your place and dignitie, to the benefit of the Common-wealth, is a thing that I loue aboue all other things. So that I refuse not to stand so farre bound vnto you, as all good cittizens are engaged. And I pray, Fortune to send you that issue of your honor, which you deserue, and I hope will follow you. I am in hope that shortly, wee shall see one another, so we be not opposed by the southerne windes. Whereof I am in great feare, because now is their proper season. Farewell.

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Cicero Imperator, to Lucius Paullus elected Consull. Ep. 12.

THough I neuer doubted, but that the people of Rome in recompence of your infinite deserts, and for the nobilitie of your blood, would with singular fauour, and generall suf [...]rages, create you Consull: neuertheles, being at this present certefied of so acceptable and pleasing newes, it possesseth my hea [...]t with an incredible delightfulnes. And I pray the Gods to prosper you in such a dignitie, and vouchsafe you meanes to discharge it with that honor, as belongs to your esteeme, and the degree of your progenitors. I would I had been presēt that happy day to haue assisted you as I euer desired: and that with my diligence, and endeauour, I might haue wiped out some pa [...]t, of that great obligation, wherein I stand bound vnto you. Which opportunitie, being taken from me, by this vnexpected, and suddaine accident, because I was to depart to the gouernment of my Prouince: I request at you [...] hands as a speciall fauour, that you will effectually labour, and procure that no wrong may be done me; which is, that the due time assigned for my Office be not prorogued; that I may [Page] thereby arriue in such a time, as I may taste the contentment, of your excellent gouernment. And fauouring mee heerein, I will annexe this benefit to your many others. Farewell.

Cicero Imperator, to Lucius Paulus Consull. Epist. 13.

FOR diuers respects I could haue wished, I had beene in Rome with you; but principally, that both in demanding and managing your Consulship, you might haue discern'd the good affection, that deseruedly I beare vnto you. True it is, that I was euer certaine, that in your petition you would finde no obstacle at all: but yet I would haue beene glad vpon such an occasion, to haue manifested some louing demonstration. And in your consulshippe, though it be my desire, that you should not incounter with many troubles: yet doe I much distaste, that in exchange of so many fauours, which being a young man I haue receiued from you, I at these yeares should not haue the power, to returne you some such gratitude, as is befitting. But I thinke it was a certaine influence of the heauens which alwaies opened the way to you, [Page] in oblieging me; and clos'd it vp when I should shew my gratitude vnto you, in that I euer had aprompt and readie will thereto; but meanes that were slow, and vnable to accomplish. You assisted me to attaine to the Consulship; and to returne into my countrie, from which I was vniustly banished. And now the happie times permits, that vnder your consulship, it hath be [...]ne my fortune, to compasse some laudable effects. Wherefore seeing you are placed in so high, and honorable a dignitie, and occasions are presented vnto me, of being honoured: on the one side I am instigated humblie to intreat, and vrge you to endeauour so, that the Senate may establish a decree vpon my Fortunate successes, with all the fauour & regard yt can be imagined: on the other; I dare not with you vse ceremonies, least I should make you conceiue, that either I haue forgotten the forme which you haue heeretofore vsed in doing me courtesie; or, that I might imagine you are forgetfull. Wherfore, laying aside (as I thinke you desire) all circumstances of faire words, I will breefely demand a fauour of him, whose deserts towards me are knowne to all nations. If your selfe were not Consull (O Paullus) I would vse your meanes, that you might procure mee their affection, who had that dignitie: [Page] but because this great honor and authoritie placed in your selfe, and our intrinsicall amitie, is hid from no man, I entreate you in the best manner I am able, to procure, that with all fauourable interpretation, and possible expedition, my actions may be scanned and gratified. Wherof I write to you that are Consulls, and to the Senate. You shall vnderstand, that they are worthy to bee accounted of, and such, for which thankes are deseruedly to bee rendred vnto the gods. And not only in this, but in any other occasion, wherin the interest of my honor represents it selfe, I request you to vouchsafe your vndertaking the defence thereof. And aboue all bee carefull to cut off euery designe, which is intended for the prolongation of my gouernment. I desire to see you Consul, and to obtaine from you being Consull, both absent & present, the end of mine intentiōs. Farwel.

Cicero to Caius Cassius vice-Quaestor. Epist. 14.

YOu fauour me, in recommending Mar [...]us Fabius as a friend vnto me; wherein I make no great gaine, because alreadie, for many yeares, I haue beene able to dispose o [...] him at my pleasure; and in that I loue him, as farre as the nobilitie of his mind, and his respectiue [Page] obseruāce towardes me, deseru [...] t [...]. But neu [...]rth [...]les [...]e perceiuing, how he loues you aboue any other, I am become a greater friend vnto him. Wherefore, though your letters haue preuailed: ye [...] the certaine knowledge I haue had of his great af [...]ection toward [...]s you, hath so much the rather recommended him. In conclusion, I will labour hard for the dignitie of Fabius, as you entreat me. For diuers reasons, I would we could meete together: first, to satisfie the longing I haue had to see you, to whom these many yeares, I haue beene well affected; and that in presence, I may reioyce with you, as I haue done in letters. Withall, that we communicate betweene our selues, you, yours, I, mine occurrents: and finally, to weaue the web of our friendship, which wee haue framed with sundrie obligations: but, through instabilitie of the times, could neuer arriue to it full perfection. Which falling out so con [...]rarie, in stead thereof, wee'le vse the helpe of letters, wherby we may in ab [...]ence conuerse, as if we were together. It is most true, that by writing, I shall not reape that fruit, which I should by your presence: and that contentment which growes from congratulation, would be much the greater, if I could face to face reioyce with you. But yet, I will n [...]t forbeare to discharge this office, as heretofore I [Page] haue done; [...]i [...]st to congratulate with you, for the magnanimous eff [...]cts which you haue produced; and then for the oppor [...]u [...]itie of the time, in that by th [...]se [...]r [...]sh success [...]s, you are departed from your Prouince, attended with greatest glory, and infinite commendations; and with the generall [...]atisfaction of the whole inhabitan [...]s. And thirdly, to negotiate the same affaires afarre of, which we would in presence haue discussed. Mine opinion is, that you should with all expedition goe to Rome, considering that at my departure from thence, your businesse went on succesfully: and then, by reason of your late, and honourable victorie, your returning thith [...]r will vndoubtedly augment your reputation. But if your kinsmen discouer themselues so malicious, as to put some iniurie vpon you; If you know your selfe to be of that power, that you can acquite your selfe; you cannot any where get greater glory: If not, then be circumspect, le [...]t this return of y [...]urs proue mischi [...]uous. You must relie on your owne strength; and you know what you are able to vndergoe. If you can goe through; It will be laudable, & popular: If not; the re [...]orts of men, in absence, are more tollerable. Touching my occasions, againe I request you, to appli [...] all your power, that the office of my Prouince may not [Page] be prorogued, which both by the Senate and people, was committed to me, but for a yeare onely: and I exact this of you, as that whereon my whole fortunes are depending. You shall haue herein the consent of Paullus, my verie good friend, and enclin'd to doe me any pleasure. Curi [...], and Furnius labour in this matter most feruently, supposing, that all my contentments depend thereon. Nothing now remaines to be mentioned, but the confirmation of our friendship, and herein it shall not be requisite to vse many words. You in your tender years affectionately sought my amitie: and I was euer of beleefe, that your conuersation, was an ornament vnto me. Afterwardes you were the secure Port, in my terrible stormes, and safe shield, against the trecherie of mine enemies. And after your departure, I contracted friendship with Brutus your kinsman: so as I perswade my selfe, that from so noble a wit, and absolute learning as yours is, in all times, great honour and contentment will accrew vnto me. And I request you as earnestly as I may, to worke so, that you confirme me in this beleefe, and aduer [...]ise me of all euents that happen, but especially when you come to Rome. Farewell.

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Cicero to Caius Cassiu [...]. Epist. 15.

THough each of vs departed from the warre vpon like deliberations, with hope of peace, and hatred of ciuill bloudshed. Yet, being the first, who retired, I am peraduenture the more bound to defend the course that wee had taken: though many times I call to minde, how being together, and consulting of sundrie, and great matters betweene our selues, to prouide for our safeties, we held one opinion, and made one conclusion. Which was; to attend what successe the first battaile would haue; after which, of necessitie it was expedient, that either the whole cause should be determined, or at least our iudgem [...]nt resolued. Which resolution was neuer reprehended, but by those, who maintained, that it was better for the Common-wealth to be absolutely dissolued [...] then to remaine weakned, and dismembered. And I saw, that if she once perished, al hope of reducing her to her due state, went with her. But if shee were but languishing, there would be yet some comfort. But things haue happened, so farre beyond all mens opinion, as it is a greater miracle, that [...]uer they could fall out, then [Page] that we were not able to foresee, or being men to presage them. Questionlesse, I confesse, that I supposed, that after the fatall battaile fought, the victorious would prouide for common safetie, and the vanquished for themselues. But I likewise iudged, that these effects could not grow from any other root, then from suddaine victorie, and humilitie of the vanquished: and had this humilitie beene; they who were in Africa, had found in him the same clemencie, which they that went into Asia, and Achaia had experienced. And that without any other mediation, but his owne. But the euill proceeded from this, that times were carelesly let run on; which greatly imparts in ciuill warres. For a yeare and an halfe running on in this manner, some conceiu'd hope to ouercome, others without hope of victorie, choose rather to die fighting; then to liue, by comming to their enemies for mercie. And of all these disasters, Fortune beares the blame. For who would euer haue thought, that the Alexandrian warre, would euer haue drawne to such a length, the warre ciuill? And that one Pharnaces, could haue strokē such a terror into all Asia? We concurred all in one election, though with a diuersitie of Fortune; you went into a part, where you might consult, and dis [...]erne the [Page] end of things a fa [...]re off; which greatly rids [...]he minde of cares: And I was desirous to meete with Caesar in Italie, supposing he would haue come thither, with that troupe of renowned men, whom he hath preserued: and with an intention, to moue him to peace, whereunto he seem'd readie, and verie willing. But I could not doe as I would, because he pursued his enemie, and went farre from these parts. Now, in what state I liue, coniecture you. I heare on euery side, of the deepe woes, and direfull lamentations of miserable Italie, and our distressed Cittie. Whereunto both you, and I, and euery man, according to his Forces, might peraduenture haue found some remedie, if the chiefe Commander had arriued. Wherefore I request you by all the loue that you haue euer borne me, to write vnto me what successe things haue, what foundations you lay, what may be hoped for, and how we should carrie our selues. I will performe whatsoeuer your letters enioyne me. And I would to God I had followed the councell which you gaue me in your first vnfortunate letters, which you sent me from Luceria: for then; I had without any mol [...]station, preseru'd my dignitie. Farewell.

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Cicero vice-Consull to Caius Cassius. Epist. 16.

I Perswade my selfe, that you will be halfe ashamed to see your selfe surprised with this third Epistle, before I can get so much as a lyne, or a letter from you. But I write not these to vrge you to so small a matter, for I expect, nay, I challenge longer discourses from you. If I had opportunitie, I would send you euery houre three letters. For in writing to you, methinkes I haue a kind of a representation of your owne person euer before me; though I allow not of these phantasticke apparitions of Catius, who approues of those mentall visions of Idols: on whose authoritie your new friends relying, affirme, that the phantasie is able to frame in it selfe, the similitude of any imagined bodie. And to the end you may vnderstand, that Catius the Insubrian, of the sect of Epicurus, lately dead, calleth those Spectra, which Gargesius, and before him D [...]mocritus, by another title terme [...] Idols. And though it may be that these Spectra, may be seene, because they represent thems [...]lues vnto the eye. Yet I would faine haue any man tell me, how they can also penetrate the minde. And how is it probable, that thought or cogitation [Page] should haue this priuiledge, that as soone as I thinke of you, your Spectrum should present it selfe vnto my minde? And not onely of yours, who are seated, in the most secret cell of my memorie; but if a conceipt should rise in my imagination, in what forme the Island of Britannia lyeth, should I beleeue that the Idoll of it, would be presented vnto me? But I'le reserue this present subiect till another time. Now I mean [...] to trie you: and if I perceiue, that you should grow choleri [...]ke, or that you take it as an affront, I will goe further: and I will grieue for the v [...]olence hath beene offered you [...] pr [...]ying that you may be restored to that heresie, from whence you were by A [...]mes expelled. Neither will it suf [...]ice to alledge, that for these two, or three years, you haue voluntarily exiled your selfe from vertue, that you haue beene allured by the sweet bait of pleasures, and delights; but with whom speake I? Marie, with a man of grauitie and maturi [...]ie: who since you dedicated your selfe to publicke negotiations, haue in all times gouerned your selfe with that prudence, that you haue replenished Rome, with honourable, and rare examples So that a doubt growes in me, whether this sect sprung not out of a better Trunke then we imagine, seeing you affected, to insert your selfe [Page] thereinto. But what new conceit leads thee, O Cicero? Why I'le tell you the truth: It neither being secure, nor I being willing, to write what I thinke, about the Common-wealth, I entred into these phantasies, thinking it better to write of them then nothing. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 17.

YOu haue a companie of prepo [...]terous Corrier's: when they go from hence they demand my letters, when [...]hey come hither they bring me none. Although in truth, they herin offend me not, being so desirous to write vnto you as I am. True it is, they should doe much more discreetly, if they gaue mee a little more time. But they euer come to me, in their trauailing atyre, making all hast to be gone, because their companiōs attend them at the gates. So that you must pardon me, if at this time, I be also briefe; But know you what? I will shortly recompence the defect, to which I haue by their hast beene enforced. Though I know no reason why I should excuse my selfe: considering yours come hither emptie, and returne [Page] with letters. We haue it here for currant, (somewhat I mu [...]t write) that Publius Sylla the Father is dead, some say, murdered by theeues, others affirme, by surfeit of meates. The people take no great care, now they vnderstand, that his bodie was burned. And no doubt but you also, who are wise, will take it patiently enough: the euill is, that we haue lost the forme of the Common-wealth. The generall opinion was; that Caesar would haue taken it verie heauily, as he that feared, least the sales which were made by publicke outery, might haue beene abated. Mindius Marcellus, and A [...]ius, the complection-maker reioyced they had lost their aduersarie. There's no newes out of Spai [...]e, but a wonderfull expectation. There are certaine reports, rather bad then otherwise, but they are not creditted, by reason they come from no certaine places. Our Pansa departed f [...]om Rome, the thirtieth day of December, with honourable employment: so that euery one may m [...]nifestly discerne the power of vertue; which, as a loadstone Iron, drawes o [...]hers to follow her, se [...]king no other reward then the posse [...]sion of her selfe. And though some other opinion, hath within [...]his little while be gloomed your vnderstanding; yet if you will but looke with a direct eye, shee euer honours and rewardes [Page] those spirits that obserue her: as wee may see by Pansa, who, relieuing many out of miseries; and leauing in these afflictions of the Citie, an example of his wonderfull integritie, and loue, hath wonne the hearts of euery good man. I am glad you continued hitherto in Brundusium; and I thinke it was the be [...]t resolution: and I assuredly beleeue, you shall also doe verie wisely, to keepe your selfe within your bounds, without entangling your selfe, in dangerous matters. You may be well assured, that we who loue you, shall receiue therein grea [...] satisfaction. And I pray you from this time forward, when you haue anie occasion to write home, to be mindfull of my busine [...]se. Euery man that comes vnto you, shall, if I know thereof, bring letters from me. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 18.

THe letter should haue been longer, but that the messenger required it of me, at the very instant of his departure: and yet longer, if I had delighted in Fables: for matters of moment cannot be written of, without daunger. You'l say, we may be pleasant amongst [Page] our selues, and salute one another with letters of recreation. In troth, verie hardlie. Why, what shall we then doe? do we what we wil, ther's no wandring for vs out of the path of miseries. But you'le aske me, what's become then of Philosophie? Where is shee? Yo [...]rs is amongst pleasures, mine in perpetuall molestations, out of shame to see my selfe hampered with the chaine of seruitude. And therefore, I seeme to doe something else; not to infringe the precepts of Plato. Ther's nothing certaine reported out of Spaine, neither is there any newes at all. I am sorrie in mine owne behalfe, you are so farre from vs; I reioyce on yours. But this Corrier is verie importunate. Farewell therefore. And as you haue lou'd me from your in fancie, so euer loue me. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Cassius. Epist. 19.

I Protest, I haue no greater comfort in this my absence, then to write vnto you. For me thinkes I talke, and toy with you, as if we were together. And yet this proceeds not through the Spectra of Catius; in whose fauour I will by my next, produce you so manie rusticall [Page] Stoicks, that I will driue you to affirme, that Catius was borne in Athens. I am much contented, that our Pansa, with the wonderfull satisfaction of all men, hath obtain'd so honourable a charge. And I vow to God, I doe not reioyce for him alone, but for all of vs. Hoping that it will be discerned, how much euery man naturally shuns, and abhorres tyrannie [...] and on the contrarie, how chearefully they embrace, and fauour the iust, and merci [...]ull; and that those honors which wicked men, labor and desire to obtaine, are distributed to honest and good men. It's a great matter, that it should be so difficult to perswade men, that vertue of her selfe is amiable, and an excellent rewarder of her followers: being truer, then truth it selfe, that vertue, iustice, and honestie, are those seedes which produce the true repose and peace of minde: as Epicurus himselfe (from whom all the Catij, and Amasinij his erronious interpreters are derived:) beareth wi [...]nesse, saying, That he cannot liue comfortabl [...]e, that liues not iustly, honestly. Wherefore Pansa pu [...]suing the ho [...]est d [...]lectations of life, pos [...]es [...]eth ve [...]tue: and those whom we call louers [...]f delights and pleasures, are louers likewise of honestie and iust [...]ce: and such as endeuouring themselues in all vertues, doe poss [...]sse them. And therefore, Sylla, whose iudgemen [...] [Page] we must needs a [...]proue; perceiuing the Ph [...]los [...]phe [...]s to bee dissonant among [...]hem [...]elues, wi [...]hout se [...]king out which was the chiefe good; purcha [...]'d in a moment, all goods. Whose death certainely I h [...]ue borne with a constant mind; and so much the rather, being as [...]ured, that Caesar will not suffer vs long to looke after it, hauing aboundance of condemned men, whom hee m [...]y in his place restore vnto vs, tho [...]h [...]here is a [...]onne of his, remaining, who is well able to discharge his Fathers office. Now, to come vnto the Common-wealth. I looke for a relation of the warre of Spaine. I would I were dead, if I, be not much perplexed; and I had rather liue vnder our vsuall, that's a mercifull Lord; then to vndergoe a new yoke of one that is full of crueltie. You know how presumptuous Cn [...]ius is, and arrogates euery great thing vnto him [...]elfe; you know, how he maintaines, that crueltie is a kind of vertue: you know how ridiculous hee thought himselfe vnto vs. And therefore, I am affraid, least in exchange, he [...]ay, with his Sword, basely laugh at vs. If you loue me, write vnto me. Oh! how glad I would be, you did but as [...]ure me, whither you read this letter, with a troubl [...]d mind, or a di [...]burdened. For a [...] [...]he same ins [...]ant, I should come to know, what resolution to vndertake in mine [Page] owne occurrents. To auoyd prolixitie, I will bid you farewell: and as you loue me, loue me. If Caesar vanquish, looke for me presently. Farewell.

Cicero to Caius Trebonius. Epist. 20.

I Haue commended my Orator, (for so I stile him) to your Sabinus: whom I should euery way thinke well of, for his nations sake; had he not also vsurped their libertie, which hunt after honors, and therby assum'd that surname vpon himselfe, out of his owne braine: but yet his modest countenance, and solide discourse, shew him to retaine some thing, of those ancient customes. Thus much of him. Now that which toucheth me more neerely. My Trebonius, if God prosper you, to your hearts desire, seeing after your departure with new courte [...]ies, you haue a little kindled the flame of my loue; to the end wee may endure the thirst of your absence, with lesser difficultie, afford vs by your dailie letters some refreshing. But not vnlesse we truly and vnfeynedly do the like, Though you should do it oftner then our selues for two reasons. First, because they which remained in [Page] Rome were wont, to write vnto their friends, that were in the gouernment of Prouinces, the accidents of the Commonwealth; now 'tis requisite you should write them vnto vs, the Commonwealth being there: and then, because wee may pleasure you by other offices; in that for any thing I perceiue, you can stand vs in no other sted, then to send vs letters. First, therfore I would vnderstand, what iourney you haue had: where you saw our Brutus, and how long you were togeather. If you haue proceeded further, I would haue you aduertise vs, how the warre is managed, and vpon what tearmes matters stand: to the end we may apprehend, in what state we are. So much as your letters informe me of, so much I shall hold myselfe to bee certaine of. Be carefull of your health; and loue me with your accustomed sincere affection.

Cicero to Tr [...]bonius. Epist. 21.

I Read your letter and your [...] booke with great con [...]entment, but my pleasure was mingled with the greefe of your departure. For in the greatest [Page] desire of perpetuating our conuer [...]ation, you h [...]ue left vs with this onely comfort, th [...]t with daily, and long let [...]ers, the ardent desire of each partie m [...]y be mittiga [...]ed. Which, as o [...] mine owne part I da [...]e promise it sh [...]ll take effect; So I am rea [...]ie to beleeue that it wi [...]l not faile on yours; in that the loue you beare mee, is mo [...]e then manifest. For to omit the fauours, whereof the Citties can g [...]ue undoubted testimony; when you [...]hewed you [...] [...]elfe an enemie to my enemies. When you defended me to the people; when being Quaestor [...] you discharged about my selfe, and the publ [...]ke office of a Consull [...] and would not obey the Tribune of the people, though your Colleague did crowch vnto him. And not to rip vp these late matters, which shall remaine pe [...]petually fixed in my memorie: what a trouble had you with me, when wee were employed in armes? how did you reioyce at my returne? what greefe, and discontent surpriz [...]d you, when you heard of my dolors, and molestations? and finally, how readie w [...]re you to come by all meanes vnto me at Brundusium, had you not beene sent into Spain [...] vnexpectedly? Laying therefore these things apart; which notwithstanding I so highly esteeme, as I doe mine owne life and sa [...]etie; tell mee I praie you, what greater notice of your [Page] loue could you haue giuen mee, then what you h [...]ue afforded mee in this booke? Fi [...]st, because all my sayings, appeare vnto you [...]ull of pleasing delightfulnes [...]e; which to othe [...]s peradu [...]nture seeme otherwise. Then, were they so, or but so so; they are as [...]ou deliuer them, most ingenuous: & such, as in your grace [...]ull, and ha [...]pie ca [...]rying of them forestalle euery mans laughter, before they come to consider them to be my passages. But, if you did, as of necessit [...] you must, thinke onely on me; all the while you were about this compo [...]ition; I were an Iron fellow if I should not loue you. And in that you could not write this subiect, without a friendly, and louing remembranc [...] of me. I am readily perswaded, that the affection you beare vnto mee is no lesse, then that which is borne by euery man to his owne person. To which affection, would I had no lesse abilitie in deeds, then I haue in loue to be answerable. Wherein notwithstanding I hope you shall remaine well satisfied. Now to your letter: Which pleas'd me exceedingly: for besides that, it was ingenuou [...], and copious: it was also in euery part full of affection. I answer thereof, first, I wrot that Epistle to Caluus, thinking it should no more haue come to light, then this which you now read: For a thing mnst [Page] be otherwise written, which wee determine should be onely read of those, to whom 'twas sent; then that which is to passe through the hands of many. Then, where as you meruaile that I exalted his wit with such great commendation, you supposing that they exceeded the bounds of veritie: I answer, that I thought fitting so to doe. Hee shewes great promptitude in writing; hee prosecutes a certaine method of his owne, conducted by a kinde of error in iudgement; wherein notwithstanding he doth very well; he is full of learning, but does not liuelie expresse his conceipt: therefore I exhorted him thereunto. For if you would put spirit into any man, or sharpen his vnderstanding, there is no better way in the world, then to commend him. This is my iudgement, and counsell about Caluus: Counsell; in that I prais'd him, to exhort him: Iudgement; in that I h [...]ld him to haue a wit worthie to bee esteemed. It remaines that I pray, that your iourney may proue happie; that I expect your returne with hope, that I visite you oftner in my thoughts, and betweene writing to you, and reading your letters that I mittigate the insatiable desire I haue to see you. My desire is, that you should often call to memorie, your owne officious endeauours for mee. Of which if it bee lawfull [Page] to be mindefull; 'twere base in me to be forgetfull. For I would not onely haue you to esteeme me for an honest man, but one, of whom your selfe may haue opinion, you are much beloued. Farewell.

THE SIXTEENTH BOOKE OF THE FAMILIAR EPISTLES OF M. T. CICERO.

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Cicero to Quintus Tiro. Epist. 1.

SEE how pleasing your conuersation is. We staid about two hours at Thyr [...]um; where Xenomenes entertaining vs, made shew of as much loue vnto you, as if he had alwaies liued with you. Hee hath promis'd to prou [...]de you, of all necessarie things, and I doubt not the [...]eof. I should bee glad, if you finde your selfe any thing better, [Page] that you would remoue to Leucas; that there you might whollie be recouered. Take counsell of Curio; and Lyso, and the Phisition. I thought to send Mario backe vnto you. Whom you might haue returned when you had found you [...] better cheared. But I be thought me, that Mario could bring me but one letter: and I expected many. You may therefore procure (and will doe it you, if you loue me,) that Acastus may be euery day abou [...] the Port [...] Messengers will not be wanting, that may faithfully, and willingly deliuer me letters. And I will not omit any opportunitie of such as come to Patrae. I haue confident hope in Curio, that he will attend you, with all care. He is kindenes it selfe, and loues vs aboue all the world most vnfeinedly. Therefore expect all courtesie from him: and bee not yo [...] too hastie to follow me; for I had much rather see you come late cured, then presently infirmed. Labour therefore onely to recouer, and leaue the rest, to my prouidence. Many times farewell. Vpon my departure from Leucas, the vij. of Nouember.

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Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 2.

WEE haue beene seuen daies at Corcyra. But my brother Quintus, and his son, are at Buthrotum. Wee were maruellous carefull about your health, neither doe I wonder, that wee receiue no letters from you; For, with those windes that should serue you hither, we should saile from hence; which if they had serued, we would not haue lien waiting at Corcyra. Looke therfore vnto your selfe, and get strength: and when co [...]ueniently, both for your health, and season of the yeare, you can haue passage, come vnto vs that loue you dearely. None loues vs, that likes not you. Euery man wisheth you well, and lookes for your comming. Good Tiro, haue a singular care of your health. Farewell. This xviij. of October: From Corcyra.

Cicero to his friend Tiro. Epist. 3.

I Thought I should more easily haue endured your absence; but I finde I [Page] cannot. And though it greatly concernes mi [...]e honour, to be with all possible speed at Rome. Y [...]t mee think [...]s I sin in leauing you; But in tha [...] I thought you were firmely resolu'd, not to put your selfe vpon the voyage, before you were well recouered. I approued your determination, as now I doe, if you be also of the same opinion. But, after you haue recouered your appetite, if you finde your selfe in state to follow mee, doe your pleasure. I haue sent Mario to you, that if you thinke good to come, he may beare you companie. If not, I would haue him presen [...]ly turne backe againe. Bee assured, I desire nothing else, but that you should come with your owne ease, if it be possible: but if you perceiue it requisite, to remaine some daies in Patrae, for your better recouerie; Know, that I desire nothing more, then to haue you cured. If you presently commit your selfe to sea, follow vs by L [...]ucas. But if you meane to attend, till you are absolutely well, bee carefull, of you [...] companie, of the weather, and of getting good shipping. But, as you loue mee, Tiro, take heede, that you let not Mario's comming, or these letters anie way moue you; for, in doing that which shall bee most auailable for your health, you shall doe mee the greatest p [...]easure. Therefore looke you vnto it: for, I so desire you, as you [Page] may finde I loue you. My loue would see you here sound; my desire, pre [...]ently: but the first especially. Therefore, aboue all, bee care [...]ull to bee well: for, amongst the infinite courtesies, which you haue done me, this will proue the greatest. Farewell. The third of Nouember.

Cicero [...]o his Tiro. Epist. 4.

I Neither can, nor am willing to write vnto you, how it troubles me, to be without you. I onely write, it will be an exceeding grea [...] content vnto vs both, if we could presently come so together, that I might see you recouered. The third day, after wee departed from you, we arriued at Alyzia, a place on this side Leucas, some foureteene miles. In Leucas, I hope, you will ouertake mee, or at least, Mario with your letters. As you loue me, or thinke I loue you, so looke to [...]our health. From Alyzia. This v. of Nouember.

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Cicero to his friend Tiro. Epist. 5.

WE staied all yesterdaie at Alyzia, from whence I wrote before vnto you; Quintus not being yet arriued. To day, which is the fifth of Nouember, I write these before daie being in a readinesse to depar [...]. I entreat you, for the loue you beare to all of vs, but especially to my selfe, your Master, endeuour to recouer. With a verie vnquiet minde, I expect, especially your selfe, and then Mario with your letters. Wee long all, but I aboue the rest, to see you presently, but in no case without your health, good Tiro. And therefore make no haste, I shall thinke I haue euerie daie seen you, so you come lustie and strong vnto vs. I can doe, what is to bee done, without your helpe, and therefore suppose not, that mine owne benefit driues mee, to desire your health, so much as the loue I beare you. Farewell.

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Cicero to his Tir [...]. Epist. 6.

I Haue read your le [...]ter, with diuers agi [...]ations of minde; the first side much disturbed me: but the other gaue me some relaxation. Wherefore, now know seriously, that you must not take anie iourney, either by land, or sea, till you are perfectly [...]u [...]ed. You write vnto me, how you haue a good opinion of the Physician, and I heare no l [...]sse. But yet I commend not in anie sort, his course of dieting sicke persons; for I tooke it not to be well done, that hee made you drinke broth, hauing a distempered stomacke. Notwithstanding, by a letter of mine, I entreat him ef [...]ectually, that he would cure you with all diligence: and in another, I likewise recommend you to Lyso. To Curius, being of so sweet a d [...]sposition, full of integritie, and cou [...]tesie, I haue written at large, about your occasions: and among other things, if you so thinke good, that hee should conueigh you to his owne house: because I put no confidence in Lyso's diligence: first, because the Gre [...]kes ordinarily are verie negligent; and then, in that hee return'd mee no answer to my letters which he receiued; but you commend [Page] him, and therefore take what course shall best please your selfe. One fauor I require at your hands, my Tiro, that you will spare no charge, in things [...]equisite for your health. I write to Curius, that hee should giue the Physician what you appoint; because it were good, to giue him some thing, to the end, he may attend you with the greater diligence. When, in what, or wheresoeuer, it hath beene may hap to employ you, I haue receiued good satisfaction, & euer was highly contented with your endeuour: But you shall exceed, whatsoeuer you haue formerly done for me; if (as I hope) I may but see you lustie. If you finde your selfe strong in bodie, you may imbarque your selfe with Messinius the Quaestor: for, I suppose, you shall haue pleasing and louing companie of him. Hee is verie aff [...]ble, and so far as I can perceiue, beares an affection to you. But, as I said, take counsell of your abilitie of bodie, and then bee carefull, to saile commodiously, and in seasonable weather. I desire no other, but that you may returne in health and safetie. And bee assured, my Tiro, that there's none, who loues m [...]e, but beare you singular affection. And though it more imports vs, then anie other, that you were in health, yet manie besides; also, are desirous of the same. Hitherto, because you would not leaue me [Page] in anie place, you could not recouer your maladie. Now, there's nothing hinders you. Laie aside all cares, and attend wholly to your recouerie: for, if you bee carefull thereof, I shall thinke you make great esteeme of mine affection. Farewell, my Tiro: Be healthfull, and merrie. Lep [...]a, and the rest, salute you: The vij, of Nouember: From Leucas.

Cicero to his friend Tiro. Epist. 7.

I Will adde this third vnto the two letters I wrote this day vnto you; more to obserue the vsuall custome, then for anie thing I had to write. Once againe l [...]t me tell you, that I would haue you, according to the loue you beare mee, vse all diligence for your recouerie. Adde this to the rest of the courtesies, I haue had from you; for it will, aboue all the rest, be most acceptable to mee. I am confident in your prudence, that you will not vndertake anie iourny, except you find your selfe well. But when you come, seeke to saile with the best conueniencie. Let no messenger come into Italie, without your letters, as I write to you, by eue [...]ie messenger that [Page] comes to Patrae. Recouer, recouer, my Tiro; for, seeing Fortune would not permit vs, to saile together in companie, it fits you not now to be too hastie: and thinke of nothing, but how you may bee restored. Bee carefull of your recouerie. From Actium: The vij. of Nouember in the euening.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 8.

WEE are verie pensiue about your sicknesse: for, though we vnderstand, that you are out of all danger: neuerthelesse, perceiuing how ma [...]ters will require a long time for effect, this comfort is accompanied with notable discontentment: imagining what a while, I shall bee depriued of your companie: the sweetnesse wherof, I measure by my desire of it. But though I heartily desire to see you; neuerthelesse, I earnestly entreat you, [...]hat you will not expose your sel [...]e this winter, to so long a voyage, except you be strong; nor put your self to sea, without good consideration. Scarcely vnd [...]r roofes, and within townes, can men of weake complexions defend themselues f [...]om cold; much lesse by sea, or [Page] in long voyages, is it easie to shun the iniurie of the seasons. And, C [...]ld is verie hurtfull to tender bodies, as Euripides reporteth; to whom I know not what credit you giue: But I esteeme [...]uerie verse of his to be a testimonie. If you wish me well, solicite your health, and returne lustie, & presently. Loue vs, and Farewell: Quin [...]us the younger, commends him heartily vnto you.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 9.

WE departed from you, as you know, [...]he second of No [...]ember: the vj. wee arriued at Leucas, on the vij. at Actium. Where, through contrarietie of windes, we stayd all the next day. From thence, on the ninth, wee sailed prosperously to Corsyra. At Corsyra, by reason of a storme, we were staid all the xvij, and the xviij. Leauing the Port of Corsyra, wee came to Cassiope, xv. miles from thence, where wee were detained by the windes, till the xxv. And manie ouer-hastie, not willing to stay, while the raging of the sea was downe, were cast away. The foresaid day after dinner, wee set sayle, and hauing a [Page] pleasa [...]t Souther [...]e gale, and faire weather, betwene that night, and the day following, wee came with pleasure to Hydrus in Italie: and with the same winde the next day, (which was the xxvj.) betweene eleuen and twelue a clocke, wee arriued at [...]rundusium; and going a shore, Terentia met mee, and entred with me into the towne, enquiring much after your selfe. On the xxviij, being in Brundusium, extremely desiring your letters, at last came a seruant of Cneius Plancius, who presented me those of the xiij. which eased me of much sorrow: I would they had wholly free'd me. Though Asclapo the Physician assures me, that you shall in short time be cured. Now I must a little exhort you, to bee verie carefull, to recouer your forces. I know your prudence, I know your temperance, and the loue you beare me. I conceiue, you will vse all meanes, to bee speedily with vs, which I excedingly desire, so you may take no hurt thereby. I would not haue you carried away with Lyso's harmony, lest you lie by it for a whole month. But seeing you would needes rather satisfie his kindnesse, then obserue your owne health, from this time forward take better heed. I haue vsed meanes to Curius, that he should satisfie the Physician, and that hee should supply your wants: And I will pay it here, to whomsoeuer [Page] hee appointeth. I haue left an horse, & a mule for you in Brundusium. I am much affraid, that in the beginning of Ianuarie, there will bee great tumul [...]s in Rome; wee will proceed in all things verie moderately. It remains, that I entreat you, that you will not rashly take shipping. These Marriners, for gaine, vse to make haste, therefore bee circumspect, my Tiro. You haue a great and difficult sea to passe. It would be good (if you could) to associate your selfe with Messinius, for he was wont to bee warie in voyages. If not, then ioyne with some honorable personage, whom your Pilot may vse respectiuely. If in this, you vse all care, and comfort your selfe in your health, you shall giue me great satisfaction. I haue written to the Physician, to Curius, and Lyso, and recommended you. Farewell: And with safetie.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 10.

THough I desire euerie where the benefit of your endeuour; yet it greeues mee, not so much for mine owne, as for your respect that you haue not your health. But seeing [Page] the violence of the infirmitie is turn'd into a Qua [...]tane, as Curio writeth. Being circumspect, I hope, you shall easily bee free'd thereof. Now, doe mee the pleasure, to minde nothing else, but your recouerie. I know your desire: but all things will succeed well, if you returne in health. I would not haue you make ouer-much haste, le [...]t being ill, besides offending your stomacke, your winter voyage migh [...] bee dangerous. I came to Rome, the fourth of this month, where I was receiued with the greatest honour, that could be imagined. But I am fallen into the verie flame of ciuill discord, or rather, ciuill wa [...]re. Which I desiring, and in my opinion, being able to preuent, I was hindered by some mens vnbridled humou [...]s: for there are of each part, [...]hat long to bee toge [...]her by the [...]ares: and C [...]sar also our friend, hath written to the S [...]nate, threatning them much, and v [...]lifying th [...]m with insolent speeches: and hee is not asham'd, in the [...]r despite, to hold both his Armie, and his Prouince: and my Curio ceaseth not, to put him forward. And withall, our Antonius, and Q [...]intus Cassiu [...], not being anie waies vrged the [...]eunto, a [...]e with Curio, fled to Caesar; Vpon the Senates charge giuen to the Consuls, Prae [...]ors, Tribunes of the people, and to vs, who are in the place [Page] of Consuls, that we should defend the Common-wealth from [...]ll succeeding detriment. The Cittie was neuer in greater daunger: nor euer h [...]d bad Cittizens so cruell a Ring-leader. On our part also due prouisions are made; And herein the authoritie and care of our Pomp [...]ius is employed: who now too late beginnes to doubt of Caes [...]rs power. Yet in all these hurlie-burlies, the Senate forbe [...]res not to assemble, and to deliberate vpon my Triumph: but Len [...]ulus the Consul, being desirous that I should acknowledge the whole benefit from himselfe, hath promis'd presently to set it forward, so soone as he hath dispatcht some vrgent necessities of the Common-wealth. Wee shew our selues no wayes ambicious thereof: Which augments our reputation. The gouernments of Italie are distributed; and wee h [...]ue chosen that of Capu [...]. These are all the adu [...]rtisements, which occurre at this present. B [...]e carefull of your recou [...]rie, and when opportunitie is o [...]fered, write vnto me. The xii. of Ianuarie. Farewell.

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Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 11.

INto what hazard my saf [...]tie, and that of all good men, and the whole Common-wealth is brought; you may conceiue by [...]his, [...]hat we haue abandoned our proper habitations, and our countrie it selfe, l [...]auing her as a pray, to whosoeuer will destroy, and set her in combustion. We are come to that point, as if some God, or Fortune doe not succour vs, I see no meanes for our escape. Since I came to Rome, I assure you, I haue vs [...]d all perswasions to compound these discords: but I haue found such obstinacie in the hearts, not onely of those wicked, but also in them that are reputed honest, as my Force is not able to disswade them. They will haue ba [...]taile, and will not heare me, when I tell them of the miseries, which a ciuill warre drawes a [...]ter it. For hauing heard how Caesar, in [...]aged with furie, and bearing no respect, either to his name, or dignitie, tooke into his hands, Ariminum, Pisaurum, Ancona, and Arr [...]tium; We haue left R [...]me wholly abandoned, with what wisedome, or courage it auaileth not to argue. Now you s [...]e to what passe we are arriu [...]d. True it is, that he moues Ar [...]icles of accord; that [Page] Pomp [...]ius goe into Spaiae; that the souldiers leuied in our defence, be casheered: and in this case, hee is content to assigne Gallia Transalpina, to D [...]mitius; and Cisalpina, to Considius Nonianu [...], Who were elected for those Gouernements: [...]hat he cares no more to haue the fauour, that he may demand the Consulship in his absence, but that himselfe in person, will come to demand it. We haue accepted of his conditions, but so, that he will remoue the guarisons out of [...]hese townes, that are in his hands, to the end, that the Senate without feare, being resembled in Rome, may consult vpon the aboue-mentioned conditions. In performing this, there is some hope of peace; but I acknowledg it to be scarce honorable, for we submit our selues to his conditions: but it's better to be any thing, then what we are. And, if hee should not obserue his propounded conditions, there is prepar'd so gri [...]uous a warre, as he cannot susteine it. I say if he doe flinch from the conditions himselfe hath set downe, wee hope to bee able to cut off his way from Rome, by hauing many men in a readin [...]sse: and we suppose also he will not bend thither, for feare of loosing the Galliae, who are his vt [...]er enemies, excepting onely the Transpadani [...]e especially if he perceiue six Legions on his b [...]cke that are in [Page] Spaine, conducted by Afranius, and Petreiu [...], with many succours: but if he wil needs be cō [...]umacious, tis thought, it will be no great ma [...]ter to suppresse him, so he make no approach to Rome. For he hath had one shrewd crosse, in that Titus Labienu [...], who was of great cred [...]t in his Armie, not minding to be a companion of his wickednesse, hath left him, and takes part with vs: and they say many are readie to doe the like. I remaine in the Gouernment of the Sea coast, about Formiae. I would not vndertake a greater charge, that by my l [...]tters, and exhortations, I might wo [...]ke the bet [...]er effects with Caesar, about quietnesse. But if the warre goe on. I see I shall haue the gouernment, and command of a Campe, & c [...]rtaine Legions. I am wonderfully disturb'd that our Dolabella is with Caesar: I thought good to giue you these informations; but as you loue your health, let them not trouble you. Aulus Varro is my great friend, and beares you singular aff [...]ction. I haue recommended you vnto him, en [...]reating him to haue a speciall care of you, as well in the occasions of your infirmitie, as of your voyage. He ha [...]h cou [...]teously pormis'd me, and I know hee will performe it. Seeing you could not be with me at that time, when I had occasion to employ your fidelitie, & endeuour; make [Page] no hast in any wise to come while you are thus weake, especially being the depth of Winter. Your comming to me shall neuer be too late, so you come in [...]afetie. Hith [...]rto I neuer spake with any man that saw you; but with Marcus Volusius, who deliuered me your letters: and no maruaile; for, I doe not thinke that mine haue this bad wether, had any speedie conueyance. Be care [...]ull to recouer, and commit not your selfe to Sea, till you may haue a secure passage. My son is at Formianum; Terentia, and Tullia are in Rome. The xxviij. of Ianuarie, from C [...]p [...]a. Farewell.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 12.

I Long [...]or your comming, but I feare [...]he voyage; for you haue bin grieuously si [...]ke; & what wi [...]h fasting, purging, and the anguish of your disease, you are consumed. The least disorder a man can commit in these daungerous maladies, may re [...]urne to the great dammage of such as are infirmed. I will bee in Cuman [...]m at the end of this mon [...]th. There my Tiro, l [...]t me see you lustie, and he [...]lthfull. My (rather our) studies, through the griefe of your absence, [Page] are languished. Yet by the letter, which Acastus brought, th [...]y [...] haue a little lifted vp their eyes. Pompeius was present at the writing of these, and being desirous to heare some composition of ours, I merily, & freely told him, that my wits grew barraine, through your absence. Prepare your selfe to render your endeuours to our Mus [...]s. For at the appoynted day ours shall bee in a readinesse. For I haue hereto [...]ore taught you th [...]Etymologie of Fayth. Looke that you throughly recouer your health: in which wee are very happie. Farewell.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 13.

AEGYPTA Arriu'd the xijth of Aprill, and though he told me, the Feuer had left you, and that you were veri [...] well: yet in that he said you could not write to me, I remain'd vnsatisfied: and so much the rather, because Hermia, who should haue beene here the same daie, was not yet come. I am troubled with doubtful cogitations, out of the aboundant loue I beare to your life. Whereof if you free me, I will make you free, and [Page] contented. I would write vnto you more at large, if I thought I should not annoy you. Applie the power of your owne vnd [...]rstanding, which I esteeme to be most exquisite, for the preseruation of your selfe, to both our comforts. And let me yet againe requ [...]st you to bee diligently carefull of your selfe. Far [...]well. After the writing hereof, Hermia came, and deliuer'd mee yours, and by the raggednesse of the letters I discern'd the agonie of your disease. I send Aegypta backe agai [...]e vnto you, because I take him to bee a louing and discreet fellow, and one that wisheth you well: and with him I send a Cooke, to doe you se [...]uice. Farewell.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 14.

I Haue had an ill night, and full of distractions, by reason that Andricus came not yesterday as I expected. This morning hee came with your letters: from which though I could conce [...]ue no further of your state and being, yet am I somewhat recomforted. Ti [...]l I see you, I shall haue no apprehension of delight, neither can I betake my selfe to my vsual studies. Prouide that the Physition [Page] may be promised the reward which he demaundeth, as I gaue order to Manius. I heare you are oppressed with melancholie, and that the Physition perceiues as much. Rowse vp from sleepe, your reading, and your humane studies, for which you are so deare vnto me. You must di [...]ourden your minde, that your bodie may fare the better. And this I request you, both for your owne benefit [...] & for my contentment. Reserue Acast [...]c [...] for the attendance of your person, and preserue your selfe for my consolation. Now comes the time of the promises, which I will also exhibite at your comming. Farewell. The xiij. about eleuen of the clocke in the forenoo [...]e. Farewell.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 15.

IF you should giue me the whole world, you cannot doe me a greater plea [...]ure, then to let mee see your selfe in health. N [...]ither shall I bee quiet in minde, till Menander returne, whom I [...]e [...]t vnto you. If you loue me, be carefull of your recouerie. And when you feele your selfe, in good plight, come [...]nto vs. Farewell: the tenth of Aprill.

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Quintus to Marcus Cicero his brother. Epist. 16.

I Would I might neuer see your selfe, (my Cicero,) my Tulliola, or your son; if you did not highly fauour mee when you made Tiro rather our companion then our seruant, finding him worthie of a better Fortune then hee formerly liued in. You would not imagine, with what ioy, both his, and your letters, haue possessed me. And I thankefully congratulate with you. For if the fidelitie of Statius, please me so well: how much more esteeme doth the same propertie deserue, being accompanied with knowledge, dis [...]ourse, and humanitie? Which vertues farre exceed all other considerations. I loue you for all; and most worthie respects: as also for this, and for hauing written vnto me in so chearefull a style. For I reade your verie selfe in your letters: I will performe what I promised to the seruants of Sabinus. Farewell.

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Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 17.

I Know your desire: you would haue me put your Epistles in a volume also. But harke you Sir; How comes it, that you, that were wont to be the corrector of my writings, should be so improper in your speeches, as to say, Attending [...]aithfully to my recouerie: from whence comes faithfully to be placed here? the proper place of this word, is in office: Though it may be m [...]nie other wayes applied, as when we say, faithfull doctrine, a faithfull house, a faithfull Art, and also a faithfull field. So that the application thereof be made with modestie, and according to the true meaning of Theophrastus: but this shall bee discussed, when we come together. Demetrius came vnto me: you are sufficiently enformed, with what companie; but I haue rid him of them. But you'le tell me, you could not see him; To morrow he will be here againe, and then you shall: for the day following I'le be gone f [...]om hence. I am much perplexed, about your recouerie. But, attend vnto it, and doe euery thing that is befitting; for so you shall not onely giue me full satisfaction, but I shall imagine you are present with me. I [Page] am glad you pleasured Cuspius: For I wish him all contentment. Farewell.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 18.

WHat now? must it not bee so? I know it must, and it's necessarie, that To his should bee added. Yet if you haue a desire vnto it, let vs, to shunne that enuie you speake of, leaue it out; though I alwayes contemned such like enuie. I am verie glad, your breathing did you so much good. And if the ayre of Tusculanum would bee also helpefull, O Gods! How it would content me. But if you loue me, (which surely you doe, or at least after a cunning manner, you dissemble: yet howsoeuer) attend your recouerie. You know the best Physicke to bee, light meats, moderate exercise, a chearfull mind, and a soluble bodie. Labour to returne, with your vsuall alacritie: I shall thinke the better, not onely of you, but euen of our Tusculanum. Try vnderhand if you can get Parhedrus to hire my garden; for, that's the way to make the gardener desperate. See the fume of this glutton, that dares venture fiue and twentie thousand Crownes, [Page] vpon one possession; where neither Sunne, nor water commeth; neyther hath it wall, or house for habitation: Shall this fellow laugh at vs with so great expences? Put a tricke vpon him, as I intend vpon Marcus Oth [...]: Whereupon I neglect his presented garlands. I would faine know what is done about the water of Crabra: though now we haue water in aboundance. When t [...]me serues, I will send the horaloge, and the Bookes. But is it possible that you should bee in want of Bookes? Or are you about some composition in imitation of Sophocles? Let the worke bee published. Aulu [...] Ligurius, Caesars familiar acquaintance is dead. He was an honest man, and my verie friend. Aduertise mee of your comming. Farewell.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 19.

I Expect your letters in answer to many things, but much more your comming. Purchase the loue of Demetrius, and if you can do him any other kindenes, doe it. About my debt with Aufidius, [Page] I say nothing because I know you to bee very carefull thereof; but dispatch it. If this stay you, I excuse you, if not come flying. I greatly expect your letters. Farewell.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 20.

AS I liue (my Tiro) your infirmity troubles me. But I hope, if you prosecute with the same care you haue begun, to see you shortly in perfect health. Set you vp the bookes, in good order: and let an Index of them be made when it pleaseth Metrodorus: s [...]eing we must liue according to his direction. Concerning the Gardener, I refer my selfe to your discretion. The first of this mon [...]th, you may stay to see the Fencers, and the next come away; for thus I thinke good: but doe as you will; If you wish me well be carefull to preserue your sel [...]e. Farewell.

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Cicero the sonne, to his sweetest Tiro. Epist. 21.

AFter a tedious and daily expectation for sixe whole weekes togeather after my depa [...]ture from you, your welcome mes [...]engers came with letters. The Epistle of my most sweet, and deare Father, gaue me wondrous contentment; and your owne letter ouerioy'd me. Whereupon I repent no longer my silence, but am glad thereof. In that it brought mee wondrous encrease of the fruite of your humanitie: Whereby you haue made good my excuses. I am sure my sweet Tiro, that the good reports, which according to your desire, were spread of me, did highly please you. And I will employ all my endeauour, that this growing opinion of me, may euery day bee more established. Therfore you may securely promise of me, heereafter, a more reformed life, then that which is past, hath at any time beene. Wherein, if I was drawen from the tru [...] waie, I greeue much more then I make shew of. Of which greefe I know you haue beene partaker, in that you take part also in my prosperities, wherein I euer desired to haue a companion. I will therefore restore with double ioy, the affliction [Page] you haue suffer'd for my sake. Vnderstand that I conuerse with Cratippus in an inward fashion, not as a disciple, but as his childe. He hath a sweet manner of discourse, which delights me greatly: Wherefore I am with him all the day, and often, part of the night also. For hee many times meales with mee. And our familiaritie hath proceeded so farre, that many times on a suddaine, he takes vs before wee haue halfe dyned: and laying aside philosophicall conclusions, hee entertaines vs with pl [...]asant discourses. Wherefore endeauour as soone as you can, to come and enioy the societie of so noble, and so compleat a man. But what shall I say of Brutus? Whom I neuer suffer to be from me: so modest, and loyall he is. Whose disposition though it be to bee thriftie and graue, yet is he most pleasing companie; and alwaies in matters of learning. Within the compasse whereof wee lay the boundes of our contentments. I haue rented a place for him neere hand, and according to my abilitie, I supplie him. Besides this, I am resolued to exercise oratorie in Greeke with Cassius, and in Latin [...] with Brutus. I liue daily with certaine learned men, which came from Mi [...]ylene with Cratippus Ep [...]orate: the cheefest of the Athenians, Leonides and other such like, spend their time with me. I will deliuer [Page] no further of my selfe. Whereas you write to me of Gorgias: certainely hee furthered mee much in my pleading: but because I would not oppose my fathers will, I put him from me: he hauing written earnestly vnto me, that I should dismisse him. I would not shew my backwardnes in obeying his will, because I would put no conceite of suspition into him. Besides I conceiu'd, how 'twas not a thing fit, that I should oppose my fathers iudgement; notwithstanding, your office heerein, and counsell, was acceptable to mee. I admit of your excuse, by reason of your penurie of time, knowing that yours, is a li [...]e much employed. I am very glad of the purch [...]se made of that Fa [...]me. Wonder not though in the conclusion of my letter I reioyce with you: for you also in the end of yours, giue me aduertisement thereof. You haue meanes now to lay apar [...] your cittie customes, and to become a rusticke Romane. When hourely I set before mine eyes your pleasing aspect, me thinkes I see you buying countrie commodities, reasoning with labourers, and to gather into the lap of your garment, the seedes of fruites after meales. But to come to the matter, I am sorrie as well as you, that I could not assist you. But doubt not my Tiro, that I will euer faile you, if Fortune [...]aile [Page] not me, especially, understanding, that this Farme is bought for common vse: You did me a gr [...]at pleasure to dispatch wha [...] I gaue you in charge. I pray you send [...]o mee as soone as you can a writer, but principally a Gr [...]cian. For I loo [...]e a world of time, in writing out the Commentaries. Be carefull of your h [...]alth, that we may once discourse togeather. I recommend Antherus vnto you. Farewell.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 22.

BY your letters I am in some hope of your amendment; I'le assure you, I wish i [...] Wherefore be carefull therof, and no wai [...]s suppose, that you doe any thing against my will in not being with me. You are with me, if you bee carefull of your recouerie. I would therefo [...]e rather haue you obserue your heal [...]h, [...]hen e [...]th [...]r mine eyes, o [...] min [...] ea [...]es [...] Fo [...] though I both hea [...]e, and see you willingly, yet your life is [...]arre more deare vnto me. Heere I doe nothing; th [...]t is, [...] write not; but I read most w [...]l [...]ly. I [...] the writers there ca [...]o [...] [...]o well rea [...] my hand, teach th [...]m. T [...]ere is one intricate interlining, [Page] which I my selfe scarcely vnderstand, about Cato when hee was foure yeares old. Looke to the building of the refectorie, as you doe. Tertia will be there, so that Publius be not bespoken. This Demetri [...]s was neuer Phalareus, but now it plainely appeares that he is Billienus. So as you shall doe me a good office to obserue him. You know his manner of phrase: Although: Neuerthel [...]s; Of those; &c. Yet if you speake with him, giue mee aduertisement, that I may haue matter whereof to write, and to write more at large. Looke to your recouerie, for you cannot doe me a greater pleasure.

Cicero to his Two. Epist. 23.

THough these moneyes come not vnder accompt, neuertheles if you may, it wil be good to take an acknowledge thereof; Balbus writes to mee, that he is troubled with such a terrible flux of humours to his eyes as hee can not tell me what Antonius hath done about the law. I hope they forbid vs not to liue in the countrie. I haue written to Bithinicus. See you, who contem [...]e not old age, wh [...]ther Seruiliu [...] vnderstand it. Though our Atticus, [Page] because hee heard, how heeretofore I was dismayed at euery false all'arme conceiues alwaies the like; and perceiues not, with what rampiers of Philosophie I am now enuironed. And certainely because himselfe is fearefull, hee seekes to possesse others with feare. Yet I will not breake with Ant [...]nius, but preserue entire our ancient friendship, and write vnto him, so soone as I haue spoken with you. But come not before you haue call'd in your deb [...]. For the knee is n [...]arer then the legge. To morrow I looke for Lep [...]a. I shall need the sweetnes of your discourse, to moderate hi [...] bitternes. Farewell.

Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 24.

THough I had written to you, but this morning by Harpalus: notwithstanding hauing, a fit messenger, I will no [...] forbeare to make a repetition of my [...]ormer. Not because I am distrustfull of your diligence, but because respects of importance vrge me. Great necessitie mou'd me to send you thither for dispatch of our businesses. Procure in any wise, that Offili [...]s and Aurelius be satisfied, If you cannot get all [Page] of Fla [...]m [...], get at least some part; call for the pension dew the Calends of Ianuarie. See you sa [...]isfie our Creditors, before your departure. Thus farre of matters domesticall. About publike affaires I am sufficiently enformed. I see what bee the ends and scopes, of Octauius and Antonius. I know, what you and others may well imagine. I thinke the worse of my selfe, that I come not with all speed vnto you. But I forthwith expect your letters. And know that Balbus, was in Aquinas, as was told [...]ou, and the day after Hirtius. I thinke they went both vnto the Ba [...]hes. Wee shall heare, what they haue contriued. Giue notice to Dolabella's agents, and call earnestly vpon Papia. Farewell.

Cicero the sonne to Tiro. Epist. 25.

ALthough you haue v [...]ed a iust and fit excuse, of not writing vnto me; yet I entreate you not to make a custome of it. For although I bee both certified, by messengers, concerning the rumors of the Common-wealth; and my father writes continually, [Page] vnto me touching his good will towards me: yet a letter wri [...]ten of euery least matter, from you to mee, hath beene euer most acceptab [...]e; wherefore seeing that aboue all things I desire your letters, deale not with me in such sort, that you performe the the dutie of writing, by excuse rather then by daily sending. Fare you well.

Quintus Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 26.

HAuing receiu'd another Packet, without your letters, I silently complained of you. You will not bee able, to exempt your selfe from the penalty of this offence. Mar [...]u [...] must defend you, and studie well too vpon the matter: and yet I cannot tell how he will proue, that you haue not committed an error. When I was a little one, I remember our mother, would cause euen the emptie butts to bee [...] led: because, if any of the full were by stealth drunke out, they might not say, 'twas one of the emptie ones; and I would haue you doe the like. Though you haue nothing whereof to write, [Page] yet write. Your letters carrie alwaies with them, truth and contentment. Loue vs, and Farewell.

Quintus Cicero to his Tiro. Epist. 27.

IF my brother, either in modestie, or through hast hath lightly reprehended mee of my negligence; you haue freely touched mee euen to the quicke; and in words no lesse significant, written to me of the Consulls assigned; Whom I know to be more lustfull, and languishing then any woman. And if by misfortune they bee not remou'd from the gouernment, we [...] are all in danger of a shipwracke. A man would not beleeue the wicked prankes, which I know they perform'd in the Galliae, when they lay in the face of the enemy that Summer that I was there; and if it be not prouided for, the vices of Antonius, being like their owne, hee will be easily able to allure them. It is requisite, that the counsell either of the Tribunes, or of some priuate person, should defend the common-wealth. For these two are scarce worthy, [Page] that one of them should haue Cesena, or the other the Free-hold of the foundations of the C [...]ss [...]tian Tauernes committed to him. I loue you as I told you, hartily. And about the end of this moneth I will see you: and wheresoeuer I meete you, I will swee [...]ly kisse your eyes, though it were in the midd'st of the market place. Loue me and Farewell.

FINIS.

Tityre, tu patulae: Cecinit molimine primo; Postera qui repetens: ARMA VIRVMQVE CANit.

Faults escaped.

[Page]

PAge 3. line pra: Hipsaeus. read Hyp: p. 15. line si: can without, read cann [...]t without. p. 59. l sh: put out, for [...]his. 68 t [...]: put out sodainly. p. 70 we: put out, you might rather haue foreseene then any of vs. p. 8. l. [...]i: which our. r. which your. 109 he: tould. r. could. p. 123. Mo: gaue entertainment. r. kept your Sessions. [...]i: gaue. r. kept. p. 150. me: not standing. r. notwithstanding. p. 146. fr: h [...]r; r. it. p. 153. vi: vs; both. r. vs both; p. 165. th [...] put out, one of. 169. ne: neither. r. either. nor. r. or. 177. h [...]: seruice. r. suruiue. p. 209. Lelius. r. Laelius. p. 214. fo: Dionisius. r. Dionysius. 219. me: prosected. read prosecuted. 225. ma, the. r. their. 225. Gyminician. r. Gymnician. 137. na: neit [...]er. r. either. 259. as: put ou [...], he. 267. of: vnwilling. r. vnwillingly. 299. si: rip the. r. rip vp the. 302. do: this. r. his. 314. Ki: kinde beast. r. kinde of beast. 318. en: soons. soone. 334. th. schoole Epi. r. scho [...]le of Epi. 3 [...]5. an: and of the. r. and [...]he. 356. La: put out, I. 364. all [...] put out, not.

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Information about this book

Title statement

The familiar epistles of M.T. Cicero Englished and conferred with the: French Italian and other translationsEpistolae ad familiares. English

Cicero, Marcus Tullius.

Edition statement

1620

Publication

Publisher

Text Creation Partnership,

Place of publication

Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :

Date

2003-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A18843

ID [STC]

STC 5305

ID [STC]

ESTC S107976

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

99843667

ID [PROQUEST]

99843667

ID [VID]

8414

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Series

Early English books online.

Notes

(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A18843)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 8414)

Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1167:18)

Source

— The familiar epistles of M.T. Cicero Englished and conferred with the: French Italian and other translations, Epistolae ad familiares. English, Cicero, Marcus Tullius., Webbe, Joseph..

Extent

[26], 919, [1] p.

Printed by Edward Griffin,. London :: [1620]. (The translator's name, I. Webbe, appears in the heading to the dedication.) (A translation of: Epistolae ad familiares.) (The title page is engraved.) (Publication date from STC.) (The first two leaves are blank except for signature-marks between rows of type ornaments.) (Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.)

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