Sermons of M. Iohn Caluine, vpon the.X.Commandementes of the Lawe, geuen of God by Moses, otherwise called the Decalogue. Gathered word for word, presently at his sermons, when he preached on Deuteronomie, without adding vnto, or diminishing from them any thing afterward. Translated out of Frenche into English, by I.H. — Sermons sur les Dix commandemens. English

Sermons of M. Iohn Caluine, vpon the.X.Commandementes of the Lawe, geuen of God by Moses, otherwise called the Decalogue. Gathered word for word, presently at his sermons, when he preached on Deuteronomie, without adding vnto, or diminishing from them any thing afterward. Translated out of Frenche into English, by I.H. — Sermons sur les Dix commandemens. English

Table of contents

Title page

¶To the Right excellent and Honourable Lorde, the Lorde Robert Dudley, Earle of Leycester, Baron of Denbigh, Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter, Maister of the Queenes Maiesties horses, and one of her Graces most Honourable priuie Councell, Iohn Harmar wisheth all godlie felicitie, continuance of health, increase of Honour, and Graces eternall.

The first Sermon of M. Iohn Caluine, vppon the Commaundementes of the Lawe.

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The. 3. Sermon.

The. 4. Sermon.

The. 5. Sermon.

The. 6. Sermon.

The. 7. Sermon, wherein it is entreated of the second Table.

The. 8. Sermon.

The. 9. Sermon.

The. 10. Sermon.

The. 11. Sermon.

The. 12. Sermon.

The. 13. Sermon.

The. 14. Sermon.

The. 15. Sermon.

The. 16. Sermon.

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¶SERMONS of M. Iohn Caluine, vpon the▪ X. Commandementes of the Lawe, geuen of God by Moses, otherwise called the Decalogue.

Gathered word for word, presently at his Sermons, when he preached on Deuteronomie, without adding vnto, or diminishing from them any thing afterward.

Translated out of Frenche into English, by I. H.

¶Imprinted at London, for Iohn Harison. 1579.

¶To the Right excellent and Honourable Lorde, the Lorde Robert Dudley, Earle of Leycester, Baron of Denbigh, Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter, Maister of the Queenes Maiesties horses, and one of her Graces most Honourable priuie Councell, Iohn Harmar wisheth all godlie felicitie, continuance of health, increase of Honour, and Graces eternall.

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OCcasioned, Right Honourable, to consider certeine of M. Caluins Sermons in the Frenche tongue, vpon the lawe of God and his hestes, and finding them (though gathered and set forth by others, yet) aunswerable to their makers labour, to bee godlie, learned, and profitable, I was the bolder to aduenture the deliuerance of them into our mother language, and most bolde to present your Honour therewith: the beginning of small abilitie, such as they bee, yet due to your Lordshippe, vnto whom I owe all thankfulnesse and humble duetie. Your Honours good procurement of her Maiesties gratious fauour, whereby I first became a Scholer in Winchester Colledge, afterward to bee remoued to the New Colledge of Oxford, whereof at this present I am a poore member, I could neuer since forget, or burie so good a benefite in such great obliuion. Some signification [Page] therefore of a gratefull minde is herein sought, together with the profit of many the simpler sorte, which the rather may be atteined to, by your Lordshippes honourable name, fauourable countenance, and protection, which being vouchsafed, will be sufficientlieable to counteruaile the contrarie endeuours of such euill disposed persons as seeke euen vnder the colour of greatest truth, to pull out the eyes of knowledge, and to bring a palpable darkenesse vpon the face of the earth, a darkenesse to be brought in by the grosse mist of deuout ignoraunce as more perillous, so more lamentable than the temporarie darkenesse of Aegypt. For that is the pretence which they vse, when as they seeke no other thing than to entrap men by diuelish Sophistrie. What need the lawe (say they?) We haue the Gospel. What neede we written expositors? We haue the liuelie voices of Preachers sounding in great plentie euerie where. Of which two speaches, the former is vaine, the latter parciall, and both of them are wicked. Truth it is, that the strength and sting of the lawes dominion to condemnation, concerning the faithfull, is weakened and cleane plucked out: that the fire is extinguished wherewith the mountaine smoked, that the stonie tables are softened, that the heauie yoke is lightened, that grace hath superabounded, and an horne of strong saluation is erected and declared through the administration of the spirite. What then? Shall we therefore welter in sinne, and wallow in the lustes thereof, because of these things? God forbid. Nay rather, as the lawe [Page] schooleth vs, to seeke for grace at the bodie of Christ, so the gratious Christian is taught to repaire againe to the booke of the lawe, to liue therafter: in deede now, without seruile feare, being deliuered from bondage, to serue in freedome of an vpright, holie, and sincere conscience. But as the Bee that hath in her honie, hath also a sting: so the best men indued with the grace of GOD, a thing incomparablie better than honie, haue notwithstanding certeine remnantes of the staine of Adam, as a sting of corruption to their mortall bodies. Whereof to put vs in mind, that we may plucke out this sting, and as it were weed the garden of our consciences (who as the purest ground, yet bring forth some weedes of imperfection:) the lawe of God is most behoouefull and necessarie, and M. Caluins trauelles thereon, most fruitefull and profitable, who striketh euer at the originall and roote of sinne, and bringeth the commandement to his olde, first, and true meaning, from the corrupt and common vnderstanding. For hee groundeth the exposition of the law, vpon the nature of the Lawgiuer, who, because he is a spirit, will be serued in spirit and truth. And because he searcheth the reines, & soundeth the depth of the heart, will be serued with euerie affection and motion thereof, in all holinesse and sinceritie: so that no man can safelie feede or flatter himselfe in the smallest of his owne faultes or follics. And now, what need there is of this knowledge in England, all men see, and others can better saie, than my selfe declare, how thinlie, scant here and there, such excellent [Page] vnderstanding groweth. Which thing in more wordes to lament, were an ouerlong deteining of your Lordship from your greater affaires. The Lord of Lordes, and God almightie garde you euer, and guide you with his holie spirit, to the benefite and commoditie of our countrie, and to the profite of his Church, with increase of honour, to his honour alwayes.

Your humble to commaund▪ Iohn Harmar.

The first Sermon of M. Iohn Caluine, vppon the Commaundementes of the Lawe.

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Deut. Chap. 4.

44 This is the Lawe, whiche Moses set before the children of Israel.

45 These are the witnesses, and the ordinances, and the Lawes, whiche Moses declared to the children of Israel, after they came out of Aegypt.

46 On this side Iordan, in the vallie ouer against Beth-peor, in the land of Sihon King of the Amorites, which dwelt at Heshbon.

FOrasmuch as the world is hardly kept and reteined in subiection vnder God, let vs see how he, for his part, after he had chosen to himselfe one peculiar people, vouchsafeth to rule them, not for one time onely, but so long, and so often, vntill the people should bee well accustomed to the yoke: whiche order he vseth yet daily in his Church. It ought to suffice vs, that we had vnderstood of the truth of our God in one simple woord: but because we are not so readie to beleeue, as were requisite, and when we haue begonne, we decline and fall away in the end, insomuch that we vtterly forget that which was taught vs: see I say, howe he is not contented to haue declared vnto vs for one day, that whiche apperteineth to our saluation, but calleth the same to our mindes continually, and imprinteth it in our heartes as much as is possible. Let vs consider to this purpose, how Moses reciteth in this place, that he not onely deliuered the Lawe in Horeb, but also that after that he had made his circuite in the wildernesse by the space of fortie yeares or there about, he hath againe instructed the people, yea, that of all the time he was with them, he neuer ceased to set before them, that which God had commaunded him to publish, [Page] as we haue alreadie aboue touched. And the diligence we here see in Moses, is not superfluous, but to good purpose, when he saith, that being come almost to Iordan, and hauing discomfited Sehon King of the Amorites, and Og the King of Bashan his neighbour, that he yet putteth them in minde of the statutes and ordinaunces of God, to the end the people should rest on them, and put them in practise, and that if heretofore they haue not bene sufficientlie instructed, they should at the lest then knowe the truth of the Lorde, wherein they should wholie abide. Thus yee see what Moses ment by this place: and here he purposely placeth together these wordes: the Lawe, the Witnesses, the Statutes, the Ordinaunces, to the end he might more fullie expresse & declare (as we haue before shewed,) that God hath not instructed his people by halfes, or deliuered vnto them some obscure or short and vnperfect doctrine: but that he hath comprised in the Lawe whatsoeuer was good and profitable: so that if in it the people would stay them selues, they should not neede to be busied in seeking for any thing beside, as being fullie and wholie guided and directed by it. Let vs marke this, for in this sense the Lawe is a doctrine, as indeed, the worde whereby it is called, is hence taken and deriued. It foloweth, The witnesses, which unporteth as much, as if God should declare that he maketh some contract or bargaine with men, that he setteth downe articles to this end, that he neither omitteth or forgetteth any thing, whiche should serue to knit vp this mutuall agreement and aliance, when it pleaseth him to choose and adopt vs for his people and for his Church: & to bring vs to himselfe. For to speake in fewe woordes, all that whiche concerneth this spirituall couenaunt betweene him and vs, is comprehended vnder this word, Witnesses, because these are as the articles and pointes of the couenaunt, as when bondes are geuen when men contract and bargaine together, all is put in, which may serue for the one, and the other partie. Wee see then how God hath protested, that the Lawe conteineth a sufficient doctrine, if so be men would keepe them selues vnder it: to the declaration whereof the two other woordes followe, the Statutes, the Ordinaunces. Nowe when God bestoweth such paine to teach and instruct vs, and declareth that he hath omitted nothing whiche might perteine herevnto, who will not meruell that our mindes for all this are so fleeing and wandering, that we alwayes desire, I knowe not what something better than that whiche [Page] wee finde in the woorde of God? This diuelish curiositie both from all times reigned in the world, and at this day a man may see, that whatsoeuer one doeth, he can not represse and stay this wicked and cursed desire, but that men will bee alwayes wiser than God would haue them to bee. And why? We can not denie when his woord is preached, but that he hath declared all thinges, which were good and for our profite: but yet we for all this time are verie ticklish, we flote in out fantasies, and we will alwayes haue one thing or other, more than that which God hath shewed vs. Seeing then that such a vice bewrayeth it selfe in vs, it doth stand vs in hand to beare in mind the warning which is here conteined: namely, that if we will suffer God to be our maister, we shall finde in his schoole all perfection of wisedome. For his lawe is sufficient of it selfe to make vs wise againe.Col. 1. 28. It conteineth as we haue saide the articles whiche serue to ioyne vs to our God, in whome all our glorie and felicitie consisteth. Moreouer, it sheweth vs the rule of well doing, in such sort that we neede not searche further to vnderstand what God liketh and alloweth: for we haue both his statues & ordinaunces. So then we may know and be throughlie persuaded, that our life shalbe acceptable vnto God, if we passe not the boundes whiche he hath set and assigned vs: but if wee adde any thing of our owne, whatsoeuer it bee, let vs not thinke that God approueth it as right and good: for he hath forgotten nothing of that whiche belongeth to our profite and necessitie. These two pointes are well worth the noting, for they serue to make vs to haue in greater price and reuerence the doctrine, whiche is euerie day proposed vnto vs in the name of God. For when wee see that in it is perfect wisedome, ought not we is applie all our senses to it, and to hold our selues thereto? When we see that God ceaseth not, but continueth daily to teach vs, ought not we for our part to be diligent and attentiue, to the end we might profite vnder him? And if at the first we be not so geuen vnto it, as were requisite we should be all the time of our life, ought wee not to traine our selues to knowe alwayes better and better, the will of God, euen vntill we bee wholie ridde of all ignoraunce, which shalbe when we are taken foorth of this world, and not before? Nowe it is certeine, that whiche Moses hath done, ought at this day to serue vs for a rule and example: for it is not done at randon, and beside good purpose: Againe, God appointed him as a spectacle and mirrour to all Prophetes, and to all those [Page] which haue the charge of teaching in his church. Let vs then vnderstand, that God will not that we receiue his truth for one day onely, as if one lesson were inough for vs: but that wee shoulde repeate againe that which before we vnderstood, to the end it might tarrie by vs, and take such deepe roote in vs, that we might haue no excuse, nor make any allegation, to say: O, I haue not bene yet throughly instructed. God then on his part is alwayes readie to teach vs, to the end we might not erre, except we our selues woulde wittingly decline, and of wilfull malice. And here is expresse mention made of the temple of Peor, to shewe, that although the people had in that place an obiect or sight to turne them to superstition, yet they had also a remedie, in that God daily stirred them vp by his worde, to the end they shoulde not meddle with the idolatries of the Painims. True it is, that it was an hard and greeuous chastisement, that the people of God were feigne to haue euer before their eyes the temple of an idol: it was all one, as if God, to spite and anger them, shoulde say: I did call you to possesse a land, which shoulde be dedicated to my seruice, where you shoulde haue seene nothing which might in any point haue offended you: for my sanctuarie shoulde haue bene set vp in the middest of you. I woulde haue bene purely worshipped according to my lawe, the lande should not haue bene vnhalowed & defiled with her old superstitions, all idolatrie should haue bene so raced out, that a man should heare nothing but my praises sounded: but now ye see ye are here in the corner of the countrie, where you see a temple of idols, where you see many villanous abhominations. This is then as a vengeance which you feele for your sinnes, for as much as you haue not bene worthie to enter into the lande, which I did promise you. See then how God woulde chastise his people, when he suffereth them to dwell nigh vnto the temple of Peor. And at this day, when we are mingled among idolaters, and perceiue what vncleanesse they commit, and howe they peruertall religion, let vs know that God by this meanes doth punish vs, or at least humbleth vs because of our sinnes. And in deede considering this, we ought not onely to lament for the sinnes which are committed by these incredulous and vnbeleeuing persons, but also because we knowe that we are not worthie to haue the worlde wholy reformed, and to behold an agreement & harmonie in religion, that God might be in all places purely worshipped, that when we are so neere to the superstitions of other, [Page] that we be constrained to see some of the markes and signes, and to heare something thereof, we must impute this to our owne sinnes. But how so euer it be, God ceaseth not to geue a good remedie to the people of Israel: for when the lawe was in this sort taught by Moses, it was all one, as if God shoulde separate his, from those miserable blinde ones, which wandered and went astraie in their superstitions. Now herevpon we haue to note, that although all the worlde be peruerted, and that in it wee see great confusions, and that all is full of errours and corruptions, yet notwithstanding it behoueth that we haue recourse to the worde of God, to be guided thereby, which must strengthen vs in such sort, that we may defie all the superstitions of idolaters. And if we be so full fraughted with vanitie, that we geue ouer our selues to decline and to turne aside hither and thither, after that God shall haue geuen vs his worde, there remaineth then no excuse. For (as I haue alreadie said) this shoulde be a bridle good enough for vs, that God declareth to vs his will. Although all the worlde drawe backward, and some haue one fantasie, and others make a faire shewe of some religion, yet all this must be esteemed as vaine & friuolous, after that we haue heard the voice of our God, and by that shall haue intelligence of his will. And therefore let vs put to our vse this certeine and infallible doctrine, the worde of God, to withdrawe vs from all wicked opinions, from all euill errours, from all that the diuell hath forged and counterfeited, and from all that men shall haue inuented & deuised in the world. Thus ye see what we haue to beare in minde, when Moses maketh mention here of the temple of Peor. Nowe he also addeth, that this was after the two kinges, Og the king of Bashan, & Sehon the king of the Amorites, or of Heshbon, were discomfited. This circumstance serueth to reproue the people, if they shoulde not yeald them selues in all obedience vnto God. We knowe that according to the benefite GOD bestoweth on vs, we ought so much the more to be stirred vp and prouoked to loue and to feare him. God hath shewed himselfe bountifull and liberall towards vs: ought it not to drawe vs so much the more vnto him? For when a mortall man is indebted and bounde vnto vs for some benefite and good turne, shall he not be accounted dissolute and verie vnthankfull, if he reknowledge not the good we did him? Howe then shall there be lesse excuse towards the liuing God? Let vs then remember that Moses in this place maketh expresse mention [Page] of these two Kinges, which were banquished and subdued, to the end the people should reknowledge this benefite in this manner: Go to, we haue had here two excellent victories. When heretofore we attempted warre against the commaundement of God: our enimies with great courage gaue vs the foile, there was in vs no strength: our enimies were as waspes, which come to put out our eyes, as the similitude hereof hath bene before giuen: there are now two Kings strong and mightie ouerthrowen, and subdued, without any cost of ours, God hath deliuered them into our handes. Who hath bene the cause of both these victories? Hath it not bene God, which hath ruled & gouerned all herein? Sithence then it is so, that he hath pitie on vs, & hath begonne to accomplish the promise whiche he made to our fathers, & that we haue alredie so good a warrant & gage thereof, ought not wee to endeuour to yeald our selues wholie to our God? Ought we not in all thinges to be subiecte vnto him? Ought we not to geue our selues ouer into his hand, which he hath shewed so strong by reason of the loue he beateth vs? See I say how Moses hath vnderstod this, which he reciteth touching the ouerthrow of Sehon & Og, euen to reproue the vnthankfulnesse of the people, if they submite not them selues willinglie to the seruice of their God, to whome they were so much bound. But now we ought also to applie this doctrine to our owne vse that is, that as often as we perceiue in our selues any slouth or lithernesse in the busines of the Lord, any remisse negligence, any coldnes, any rebelliō of the flesh, which striueth & stubbornly resisteth in such sort, that wee come not to God with so cheerefull & earnest affection, as were requisitie, that then we enter into a count of the benefites wee haue receiued of him, to say: Wretched creature, howe art thou so negligent, that thou cleauest not to thy God, when he hath declared his will vnto vs? Consider what thou holdest of him, consider the benefits he hath bestowed on thee, euen vnto this houre. So then let euerie one examine & consider, how farre he is indebted to God, that we may be the more prouoked to serue him. And in generall, let vs know that he not only created vs, when we were not: but also that after that he had redeemed vs, by the bloud of our Lorde Iesus Christ, as he redeemed his people out of the land of Egypt, he hath by his grace drawen vs to him: so as we had the doctrine of the Gospell deliuered vs, which is all one, as if he had receiued vs vnder his gard and protection, and daily he sheweth the same vnto vs by [Page] effectes: for what greater aides and succours haue wee from him in our infirmities? Should we not a thousand times bee ouercome of Satan, if our God had not his hand stretched out to succour vs? Yes uerelie: we should be then all ouercome, and not onely oppressed, but also swalowed vp in our temptations, without such a stay and refuge as I haue said. Sith then it is so, that our Lorde ceaseth not to confirme daily his goodnesse towards vs, let vs on our part aduise our selues and consider to take this occasion, to serue him with a more ardent desire, and greater zeale, as we see it is heere spoken. In this sense it foloweth, that Moses speaketh to the people of Israel saying, Heare O Israel the lawe which the Lord hath caused to be proposed vnto you, that ye may learne it, and obserue it. Here againe Moses setteth downe the preface, of which before we tooke some view, that the Lawe is not geuen onely, to the end that men should heare it, to knowe what it conteineth: but that by it we should also be reformed, and that God might proue herein what subiection we yealde vnto him. In fewe wordes, we see that the doctrine of God consisteth in practise, and that we must by our doinges shewe, that we haue not in vaine bene taught it. Nowe, then Moses saith in the first place, Heare the Lawe whiche I propose in your eares, to the end you should learne it: As if he should say, that God will not that the doctrine which is preached vnto vs in his name and authoritie, should fall to the grounde: but that we must receiue it with all diligence, and applie our whole studies therein. For what is the causes that wee profite so euill in the woord of God, but that wee are ouermuch busied in the thinges of the world? And if we come to the sermon, if we read the holy scripture, it is but for fashion and manners sake: wee seeke not to performe our dueties as we ought, in obseruing that whiche is taught vs. But let vs aduise our selues to be better and more diligent scholers, while the Lord vouchsafeth to instruct vs by his woord: and that is the cause why Moses saith he hath told the Lawe in their eares. Indeede, this manner of speaking would bee verie hard in our tongue: howbeit, it importeth as much, as if God should say, That he speaketh not vnto vs in an vnknowen & strange language, but sheweth himselfe in as plaine and familiar manner as may be desired. Seeing then it is so, that God cōmeth downe vnto vs, in such sorte, as to make a plaine and familiar declaration of his will, what excuse shall we haue to alledge, if his woord be lost in vs, [Page] or if it slippe from vs, or if we keepe it not to make our profite thereof? It is true, that for asmuch as we are ouer dull and ignorant, we shall alwayes find much obscuritie in the woord of God, that the langauge of the Lord is to high and profound for vs, but to whom should the fault therof be imputed? Let vs note therefore, that all they which complaine, that the woord of God is hard and obscure, as if it were hid vnder an vnknowen tongue, are here reproued of a manifest lie. Yea, that they do God great iniurie, yea, blaspheme him, for that they despitefully dissemble, & denie the bountie & goodnesse, which Moses protesteth was shewed the people at the publishing of the law: for it is there said, that God spake to the eares of the people by the mouth of Moses. So that the doctrine which he deliuered, ought to haue bene throughly knowen of them. And at this day we haue lesse occasion to vse this shifte, to alledge that we vnderstand nothing of that which is conteined to holie Scripture: for GOD speaketh so neerelie and familiarly vnto vs, that we neede but to haue our eares cleansed and prepared to heare him. And let vs note, that there remaineth nothing, but that we be attentiue & diligent to profite in the doctrine of saluatiō. But withall let vs call to mind that we haue aboue touched, namely, that this doctrine must be kept & folowed throughly: for if we doe not allowe the worde of God, and yeald our consentes that it is good, and true, and holie, God is much beholding vnto vs. What must we doe then? See: God will make a triall whether he shall be maister ouer vs, or no. Now then, if the worde of God rule our life, that is: if we not onely inquire after that which he telleth vs, but forsake our naughtie lustes and desires, and endeuour onely to please him, and to be gouerned by him, and his righteousnes: when we come to this, then see we one good proofe, that he hath such dominion and superioritie ouer vs, as he deserueth. But, vntill wee haue profited so much, that we are come hither, let vs not thinke that we haue profited any thing at all in the doctrine which hath bene taught vs. Let this worde therefore of Doing be often called to minde, and imprinted in memorie of them, which heare the worde of God. As howe? Beholde, God doth vs this courtesie in vouchsafing to teach vs. And why is that? Is it to this end, that we shoulde onely lend our eares to say in the end, Yea: well said, that is good? Nay, but to the end our life shoulde be reformed, and because it is a true and certeine rule that we shoulde not erre as we haue done, and as many poore ignorant [Page] wretches doe which are straied from the right way, and are not instructed as we are, vnto whome this doctrine ought to serue for mortification and newnesse of life: that God may beare rule ouer vs, and that we be subiect to him. Thus wee se in effect what Moses meant, when he protested vnto the people in this preface, that he set before them the lawe, not that they shoulde heare it, and so but haue their eares beaten there with: but that they should receiue it and keepe it. Nowe for the better confirmation of this, he alledgeth: That God had made his couenaunt with that people on the mount Horeb, the better to persuade them to feare God, and to continue in his obedience. For if God woulde onely require of vs that which is his due: yet were we sufficiently bounde to cleaue vnto him, and to obserue his commandements: but when it pleaseth him of his infinite goodnesse to couenant with vs, to binde himselfe vnto vs, when he needeth not: to stand on articles with vs, that he wilbe our father and sauiour, that he will receiue vs for his flocke and heritage, that wee may liue vnder his gard and protection, offering vs euerlasting life: seeing that he doth all these thinges, ought not our heart to be softened though it were of stone? When the creatures behold that the liuing God abaseth himself hitherto, as to treate the matter with vs, and to say: Goe to, let vs consider what we are, both you see what an infinite distance is betweene you and me, and knowe that I could commaund you what seemeth good to me, and not haue any thing to deale with you, and that you are not worthie to come nighe me, or to haue any acquaintaunce with him, which can command what he will without any further declaration than this. See, this I will, and this is my minde: yet loe I yeald of my right, I come hereto offer my selfe to be your guide and sauiour, I will gouerne you, you shalbe my familie, if so be that you will content your selues with my worde. I wilbe your king and you shall be my subiectes: & for all this, thinke you not that the couenant which I haue made with your fathers was to gaine any thing of you: for I haue no neede nor want of any thing whatsoeuer, and what benefite can you bestowe on me? But all which I haue done and doe, is onely for your profite, and for your welfare. I am then here readie to couenaunt by articles with you, and to bind my selfe vnto you on my part. Seeing I say, that the liuing God doth abase himselfe so farre, I pray you shall not we be to vnthankfull, if we be not herewith beaten downe to humble our selues vnder him [Page] laying aside all our pride and hautinesse? It is not therefore without, cause, that Moses speaketh here of the couenaunt which God hath made with his people, to the end that especially his fauour and goodnesse shoulde be knowen. Nowe if this was to be done in the time of the lawe, there is at this day much greater reason thereof: for the Lorde hath not onelie made a couenaunt for one time, as with the Iewes: but when he sent this onely some, then declared he him selfe to be our father and sauiour much more fullie than before he had done, and that after so sweete, so gratious, and so amiable a manner, as nothing more: in such sort that he hath here as it were laid forth his bowelles of loue and compassion towards vs. Seeing therefore God hath presented vnto vs his heart in the person of our Lorde Iesus Christ,Iohn▪ 15. 15. and wee heare besides the protestation which Iesus Christ maketh, that he will call vs no more his seruaunts, but his friendes: because he hath so familiarly communicated vnto vs all the secrets of his will: must it not I beseeche you needes be, that the diuell hath bewitched vs, if wee bee not hereby moued to frame ourselues wholy vnto him, renouncing euen our selues, and all our affections? So then, when we perceiue in our selues any wickednesse, wherby we are hindred to serue God, when we feele our selues idely disposed in the worke of the Lord, & are euen brought into an heauie sleepe by the cares of this world, to stirre our selues vp to praise our God, let vs haue in minde this couenaunt which the Lord hath made with vs. Nowe herevpon Moses further addeth: The Lord made not this couenaunt with our fathers, but with vs, euen with vs which are aliue at this day. This place may bee vnderstood after two sortes: for it may bee taken for a comparison which Moses maketh, the better to declare, that the people which then liued, ought to bee so much the more diligent in the seruice of God, because they had receiued greater benefites than their fathers. In which sense he speaketh in Exodus,Exod. 6. 3. I haue not communicated this name to your fathers: where God speaking vnto Moses saith, that he declared not him self so plainly to bee God to Abraham, Isaac, and Iacob, as he did vnto Moses, And by this he signifieth, that the people should be now more attentiue, because God had reuealed himselfe vnto them after an vnaccustomed manner. Euen so in this place one may vnderstand this, God hath not made such a couenaunt with your fathers. It is true that God spake vnto his seruaunts Abraham, Isaac, & Iacob, and did [Page] sufficiently instruct them. And it is expresly said in the.Gen. 18, 17 19. 18. of Gen. Shall I hide from my seruant Abraham that which I will now execute vpon Sodome, and Gomorra? For I knowe that he will instruct his housholde in my decrees and ordinannces, in my statutes and iudgements. See then howe Abraham instructed his familie, not after some bare and naked manner, but in the iudgements and statutes and ordinaunces of the Lord, Briefly, wee must needes say that Abraham had the lawe of God imprinted in his heart: yet loe besides a benefite not to be contemned, when God hath sent this lawe in the two tables, to the end the instruction thereof might remaine and abide for euer to his people, and that the thinges therein conteined, might be ratified for euer, and testified to all posteritie as well as to them. We see then what we may gather vpon this sentence, euen as much as if Moses should haue said vnto the people, Beloued, acknowlege we the benefite the Lord bestoweth on vs this day, euen such an one as our fathers haue receiued none the like: for he deliuered not vnto them the lawe by writing, as vnto vs, he hath not declared to them these thinges in such plaine order. True it is, that he did sufficiently instruct them, & as much as was necessarie & requisite for their saluation- but here is yet an higher degree & further steppe, to which we are come at this day, and therefore wee ought to drawe so much the neerer to him, seeing we see that he hath so stooped vnto vs. And this is the meaning of Moses, if we vnderstand the place in this sense. As if a man shoulde say at this day, that God hath not done so to our fathers, as he hath done vnto vs. And this is that which Christ said to his disciples,Mat.. 13. 17 That many Kings and Prophets haue desired to see those thinges which you see,Luke▪ 10. 24. & heare those thinges preached which you heare, and yet haue not had their desire. Seeing then it is so, that God of his infinite mercie & goodnesse vouchsafeth to preferre vs before the Patriarches and Prophetes, (as it is also said, that the Prophets serued not so much their owne time as ours,) we ought with greater diligence to suffer our selues to be taught vnder him,1. Pet. 1. 12. & to applie our selues wholy to his doctrine. Notwithstanding, when all is well considered, although this we haue alledged be profitable, and the exhortation is often brought in holy Scripture, yet when we shall haue weighed all the wordes, wee shall finde that Moses, when he saith that God did not make his couenaunt with them which heard the lawe the first day it was published, meaneth [Page] to say, that not onely with them he made his couenaunt, but also with those which ouer liued them, and succeded in the place of those which were dead. So that in fewe woordes Moses woulde here declare, that the lawe was not transitorie, to endure onely for the life of them which first heard it, but that it was a doctrine which shoulde reteine his strength & authoritie foreuer. The Lord our God (saith he) hath not made a couenant with our fathers, that is to say, he woulde not onely haue our fathers for his people, he was not tied to them, so that his lawe should serue but for fortie or fiftie yeares, but he hath made a couenaunt with vs as well, and with them which were not borne when the lawe was published. You then which were not at the mount of Horeb, which haue not seene the fire on the montaine, nor heard the thunderinges, know you not withstanding that your God did then adopt you also to himselfe, and that he made a couenaunt, in the which you also were comprised. You must therefore obserue his lawe, because it hath bene established to bee perpetuall, to endure from age to age and to bee preached euen to the end of the worlde. And this is the true and naturall meaning of Moses. And from hence we may gather a good and profitable doctrine: namely, that although we were not at first when the Gospell was published, although wee haue not seene with our eyes those thinges which are mentioned in the lawe, yet ought we not therfore to haue in lesse estimation & price the authoritie of he word of God. And why? I graunt that when God raised vp Moses, it was an especiall token of his fauour and goodnesse towards the people, which then liued: yet notwithstanding, the authoritie of the Lawe must not at any time bee diminished: for it cōteineth the truth of God, which alwayes abideth, and is not variable and transitorie as men are. It is said, that men are as a flowre,Isaie▪ 40. 6. 7. or as an herbe, which by and by drieth and withereth, but the truth of the Lord endureth for euer.1. Pet. 1. 24. Now this truth which is vnchaungeable, is conteined in the Lawe. Truely the Lawe as touching the ceremonies is vtterly abolished: but as touching the substaunce & doctrine which it cōteineth, it reteineth alwayes his force & power still: not one iot thereof falleth away or perisheth. So then let vs note, that though we haue not liued in the time of Moses, this serueth not to alledge, that we may therefore contemne the admonitions he hath geuen & are conteined in the lawe. And why? For he hath spoken to vs, he hath not onely spoken to the multitude which was assembled [Page] at mount Horeb, but generally to the whole world. And if this be said of the lawe, by a greater & more strong reason is it to be said of the Gospel. For as we haue said, the law concerning the shadowes thereof is cleane done away, but the Gospel hath no such thing. For in it our Lord maketh a new & euerlasting testament, & a couenaunt to last from generation to generation. Howe then must we be affected, when the Gospel is preched? We must remember that the sonne of God came into the world, not onely to instruct them, with whom he was conuersant in his manhood: but that he hath wonne vs to God his father, and hath called vs to saluation, by sending his Apostles, that their voice should sound to the endes of the worlde, to them which heard not him, to make them partakers of the doctrine of saluation: the which at this day also we ought to receiue, as if Iesus Christ were yet in the middest of vs, or as if the Apostles with their owne mouthes did speake vnto vs. And this is that which wee haue to beare in minde vppon this place, that we make no alteration in the Church of GOD, neither attempt to chaunge any thing in his woorde, knowing that he will alwayes haue kept therein one equall traine. For seeing that he hath deliuered vnto vs his Gospel, and stablished a certeine rule of regiment in the time of the Apostles, and in the primitiue Church, we must held the same, and thereon rest our selues. If we doe otherwise, it is as if wee woulde make the word of God mortall and corruptible with vs. So then let vs learne, that though the worlde be variable and inconstant, and hath euerie day his backturning: and though there bee none of vs, whiche hath not alwayes many gadding opinions, whiche trotte in our braine, that yet not withstanding, concerning that the word of God hath appointed, we are not to take that libertie, to doe at one time this, and at an other time that, as we list, and as we fansie. Wherefore? Because God hath not made this couenaunt with our fathers, but with vs which are aliue at this day. As long then as we are in the world, let vs knowe, that Gods gouerning of vs, and his shewing vs the way, is to the end we should not be as wandering pilgrimes to stray hither and thither, and to raunge as our lustes and appetites turne vs: but that we should be conducted as by his hand. To be short, whereas Moses saith, Heare we that are all aliue at this day, it is to declare & proue, that men during their life time, ought not to forge any newe Lawe, that they ought not to haue to day one, to morrowe an other. [Page] And why? For the life of man is in the lawe of God, which ought to suffice vs. Let vs then make our profite by regarding the thinges that tend therevnto. And further, it is no doubt, but Moses here chargeth the people with vnthankfulnesse which should be in them, if they dedicate not their liues to the seruice of God: as if he should say, How liue we? Is it not for that the Lorde hath placed vs in this world? If then our life we haue, be geuen of him: ought we not to bestowe it & employ it in his seruice? Ought it not to be wholie consecrated to his will? We see then how Moses reproueth here all them which wander, and continue not then course in the word of God. Let vs withall reteine in memorie that which I haue aboue touched, that is: that we haue not a doctrine for three dayes, but one wherein we must bee confirmed as long as we liue. Therfore when we haue once receiued and embraced that which is conteined in the holie scripture, let vs studie to profite our selues by it, and to go forward, encreasing in the knowledge & practise of it, till God shall drawe vs out of this world, knowing that he will vouchsafe to take vs into his couenaunt, and that he for his part will not be vnfaithfull and vnconstant, but sure and stedfast in his purpose and promise. Let vs doe the like, that we may be ioyned to him: and as long as we liue let vs haue no other purpose, but to cleaue vnto him, howbeit as he hath declared in his word. But let vs not thinke to ioyne and vnite our selues to our God by our owne fantasies: but since he commeth vnto vs, let vs goe vnto him, and when we are come thither, let vs take good heede to stay our selues there. And thus we see what we haue togather vpon this place, to the end we may the better bee disposed and prepared to receiue the instructions, which shall hereafter be geuen vs, concerning the lawe of God and his Commaundements.

Nowe let vs cast our selues downe before the maiestie of our good God, with acknowleging of our sinnes, desiring him to make vs feele them better than we haue done, in such sort that we desire nothing but to yeald out selues wholie vnto him: and that it will please him to reach vs his hand, and not suffer vs to be wedded to our owne fantasies, and affections, that we may alwayes magnifie his goodnesse, whiche he vseth towards vs, that we may profite by it, in rendring vnto him that obedience and dutie which he deserueth, especially, for that it hath pleased him to bring and deliuer vnto vs his lawe, and that he is not onely contented to shew vs the way of well liuing, [Page] but hath vouchsafed also to adopt vs for his children, and to declare himselfe our father and sauiour, for our Lorde Iesus Christes sake, that he will not onely graunt this grace to vs, but to all people and nations of the earth, &c.

2

2

Deut. Chap. 5▪

1 Then Moses called all Israel and said vnto them, Heare O Israel the ordinaunces and the lawes whiche I set before you this day, that ye may learne them, and take heede to obserue them.

2 The Lord our God made a couenaunt with vs in Horeb.

3 The Lorde made not this couenaunt with our fathers, but with vs, which are all aliue at this day.

4 The Lorde talked with you face to face on the mount out of the middest of the fire.

WE haue seene heretofore howe greatly Moses hath laboured to make the people perceiue the Maiestie which is in the worde of God, to the end they should receiue it with all reuerence and feare. For although men protest that they will obey God, (for so nature constraineth them,) yet can they not order them selues and their doinges according to his word: and that is the verie true touchstone to knowe whether wee bee obedient to God or no. But herein is the rebellion of the worlde seene, that although all will confesse that the worde of God is to bee receiued without any gainsaying, yet shall one finde scarse one among an hundred, which willingly humbleth him selfe to yeald vnto it that authoritie it deserueth. And why is this? Surely, because we consider not of the Maiestie of God, which declareth it selfe therein. See then howe Moses, not without cause, so often heretofore hath wained the people, that the worde of God shoulde be of such Maiestie towardes vs, that all creatures shoulde tremble at it. And nowe againe he addeth a [Page] confirmatiō of the same matter when he saith, That the Lord talke [...] face to face on the mount, out of the middest of the fire: as if bee shoulde saie: You haue no cause now to doubt whether the doctrine which I propose vnto you be of God or of men: for it is sufficiently proued. God hath declared himselfe vnto you by plaine and visible signes, in such sorte, that you may well perceiue, it is he which speaketh. Nowe then wee see the intent and meaning of Moses. But before wee passe any further, one may here make a question, How it is said that God spake face to face, seeing that men cannot comprehend his infinite glorie? For with what eye can wee contemplate his substance & being? We are so fraile & weak, that if God should but shew one beame of his brightnesse, behold, we should be all dazeled & confounded therewith. On the other side we know how it is said, That we cannot se God face to face,1. Cor, 13. 12 vntill we be renewed, which shall not bee vntill the latter day. For now (saith S. Paule) We see as in a glasse, & in part, euen obscurely & vnperfectly.2. Cor. 13. 14 and 18. Which more is, he saith in an other place, That the Gospell at this day doth present vnto vs the Maiestie of God, in such sort, that wee may see it, but the lawe was darke and obscure, and had availe which hindered our fathers to knowe God, in so plaine and familiar a manner as wee doe at this day. But all this agreeth verie well. For when wee make a comparison of the lawe with the Gospell, it is certeine wee shall finde this which Saint Paule speaketh to be most true. For then God declared not himselfe in so familiar a fashion as he doth vnto vs, by the meanes of our Lorde Iesus Christ,Heb. 1. [...]. who is the liuelie image of him. Nowe a dayes therefore, there are laide open vnto vs the great treasures of wisdome, in that God calleth vs to the kingdome of heauen, & sheweth that he holdeth vs for his children & heirs. Now this was not in the time of the lawe. And yet, although at this day we haue such a knowledge and so plaine & manifest, yet remaineth that alwayes true which we haue alledged, that wee see but in part. And why? For we are not yet partakers of the glorie of God, neither can we come neere it, but it behoueth that he shew it according to our rudenesse and infirmitie. Yet notwithstanding, from the beginning of the world God hath appeared vnto mortall men. Howbeit, this was not to shewe him selfe as he is, but as the weaknesse and infirmitie of men might beare it. We must then note, that God was not knowen to the fathers, neither appeareth at this day in his owne [Page] beeing: but he applieth him selfe to vs, in asmuch as he sheweth him selfe for our measure and abilitie, to make vs perceiue that he is present. And yet for all that, it is not without cause, that Moses saith here, that God spake face to face: for he vnderstādeth hereby, that the people had not some coniecturall signe, that they might dout of him, or conceiue onely some small opinion of God, but that they had a certeine and infallible warrant: whereby they might in this sort conclude: Behold, God hath so shewed himselfe to vs, that our faith need not wauer and be doubtfull: and the doctrine which is proposed vnto vs in his name, ought no longer to be disputed of, whether it be to be receiued or refused. And why? For God hath deliuered vnto vs a sure and certeine marke, which can not beguile, nor leaue vs in doubt, but that this doctrine proceedeth from him. Now we vnderstand the mening of Moses, from whence we haue to gather a good lesson, that is, that if God declare not himselfe vnto vs after so high & glorious a manner as our lust desireth, let vs know that he doeth it for our profite and saluation. For let vs haue an eye to our infirmitie, and it will be sufficient to abate that ouer boldnesse, to the which our nature alwayes stirreth vs. For we would inquire and seeke after the secrets of God, without end or measure: And why is that? Verely, because we consider not our owne power and abilitie. Wherefore let vs praise the great goodnes of our God, for that he in fauour so considereth of vs, & regardeth our weaknesse, that he is content to hide his glorie▪ least we should be swallowed vp thereof. For as I haue alreadie said, we can not beare it, being so fraile & weake as we are. And here withall let vs knowe, that when God geueth vs some euident signe and token of his presence, there resteth then no excuse, if we yeald not to him the honour, and doe him the homage he is worthie of. Let vs not then desire that God come in his inestimable glorie, that the heauens cleaue in sunder, that all the Angels of heauen appeare: but when the Lorde any way declareth, that it is he which speaketh, let it suffice vs, and let vs humble our selues incontinently. For if then we will foreslowe to yeld him our dutie, we shalbe sharply reproued for turning our backe to him, when he sheweth his face to vs. It is true that it is said in an other place, That men cannot see the face of God,Exod. 33. 20. & liue. And although Moses had a wonderfull reuelation of the glorie of God,Iud. 13. 22. as he speaketh in Exodus 33, That the Lord spake face to face vnto him,Exod. 33. 1 [...] as a man speaketh vnto his friend: [Page] yet is it said, That he sawe but the backe of GOD only: but this is to the end alwayes to shew vs, that while we be enuironed in this flesh, wee ought not to approch vnto the maiestie of GOD, or thinke to mount so high.Esaie. 6. 2. For if the verie Angels of heauen, vnder the figure of Cherubims, hide their eyes, when there is any mention of the appearance of God, what must we do which doe but traile here and creepe on the ground? But how so euer it be, God will condemne vs of vnthankfulnesse, when we will not behold his face, & bee sufficientlie contented with those visible signes, which he sheweth vs of his presence. Aboue all, let vs be mindefull of this, when any question is of submitting our selues both to the lawe & the Gospell. For it is there especially, that God will bee knowen of men, to the intent they shoulde worshippe him, receiuing simply what soeuer commeth out of his mouth. To what purpose then shall wee applie this sentence of Moses? Forsooth to this, that when the Scripture is set before vs, when one preacheth and expoundeth it vnto vs, or that wee our selues reade it, this speach of his must serue to humble vs, to the end that God may bee with all reuerence exalted, and that wee presume not to make any replie to his worde: but that wee tremble at it,Esaie. 66. 2. as he speakes therof to the Prophet Esaie. For all that which is conteined in the holy Scripture, is in such sort proued, that one may say, that God hath spoken to men euen after a visible manner. Now Moses after this addeth, That he stoode betwene the Lord and them, as a mediatour betwene God and men, because the people feared, and durst not ascend vp into the mount. Whereby Moses signifieth, that though the lawe were brought by a mortall man, yet ought it not to be derogation to the authoritie thereof. And why? Because this was for the instruction of the people: so that the faulte rested in them. And this place is well worth the noting. For wee alwayes seeke some starting holes, to the end wee might set light by the woord of God. Truelie, we doe not pretend it openlie, but in couert, but yet all the world is set vpon this wickednesse, so that a man shall finde, men thinke them selues well, and at verie good rest, when they can find any colour to say: O, I know not whether this be the word of God, or no: I know not whether it be spoken to me, I know not what condition it hath. Thus ye see how the world seeketh alwayes to exempt it selfe from the obedience to Gods worde. And this excuse is ouer cōmon, to say: Yea, it is true, that God ought to be [Page] obeyed, but they be but men, which preach it to vs, as we bee: must we then receiue their doctrine, as if Angels appeared to vs from heauen? Many thinke it sufficeth to say thus, when notwithstanding they shew them selues herein rebellious to God, or rather they haue no care to submit themselues to him & his word. But we haue here one answer to cut off al such vain allegations, that is, when God sendeth his word by the hand & ministerie of men, he doth it, because of our fault & infirmitie▪ Howbeit, he ceaseth not to shew vs some mark of his glorie, in such sort, that his word may be knowen to be heauenly: & so that being duly considered, it is euident, that God hath warranted enough, & more than enough. Neither hath Moses spokē this onely for the instruction of the auncient fathers, but this admonition serueth also for vs: that if men, as we are, be appointed messengers to preach vnto vs the word of God, it ought not in our estimation derogate any thing from the maiestie thereof. And in very deede we consider litle of our owne frailtie & weakenesse, when we desire that God should teach vs by miracles euerie day, & we know not what is meete & conuenient for vs. For as for miracles, there haue bene enow alreadie shewed, to confirme the truth, both of the Lawe, & of the Gospel, that we might haue a full & certeine assurance of them. Yet, it is most behoofull, that God dealeth so mercifullie with vs, that he sendeth men like to our selues, & committeth vnto them the charge and office of teaching vs in his name, and in his roome, as one that allureth vs vnto him selfe, with all kindenesse & gentlenesse. For can we thinke our selues able to susteine and abide his presence, if he should appeare to vs as he is? Alas, we should bee all vtterly consumed, if God should speake in his maiestie & power. We knowe it is said,Psal. 29. That the voice of the Lord is enough to shake mightie rocks, & moue huge mountaines out of their places: & can we which are so feeble & weake, as nothing more, stand before so puissaunt a power, & not be daunted, & cast down, as with the force of som vehement thundring, to the bottomlesse pit of hell? Let vs note then, that when God hath ordeined, that his word should be preached to vs by men, & committed to writing: therein he applieth himselfe to our weaknes, and dealeth with vs, as if he were a mortal man, to the end we should not feare to come vnto him, being drawen by so great lenitie and gentlenesse. And withall let vs consider, what honour he doeth vs, when he vouchsafeth to choose out from among vs poore and vile [Page] wretches, to represent his person, and to speake vnto vs in his name. For what greater thing could he yeald vnto the Angels of heauen? What more honourable charge & office could he commit vnto them? Therefore when he daineth & vouchsafeth men of so great and excellent honour, as to carrie abroad his word as his Embassadours, doth he not declare vnto vs in this one thing his more than fatherlie goodnesse toward vs? Now on the other side he maketh triall of our humilitie. For if he should thunder from heauen, if he should appeare in visible maner, if the Angels should descend vnto vs, we neede not greatly meruell, if men did giue credit to his word: but when all both great & small receiue the order which God hath set in his Church, as they yeald obedience to his word when it is preached, therein is our faith tried. But in the meane while let vs alwayes remember this, that God hath sufficiently declared him selfe to men, so that we haue no occasion at all to doubt of his word, & to dispute whence it commeth. For his will is made more than certein, if so bewe be not vnthankfull in receiuing the signes which he hath geuen vs. Thus ye see then, what we haue to note in this place, when Moses saith, The people durst not approch nigh to the hill, for the great feare they had conceiued. And although at this day we refuse not, but that God shoulde speake vnto vs: yet when all is well considered, it should not bee profitable for vs. And therefore let vs knowe, that this ought not to lessen the certeintie and assurance of our faith, when God thus vseth the meanes & ministerie of men. It is said consequently, That God hath taught his people, saying: I am the eternall or euerliuing thy God, which hath brought thee out of the land of Egypt, thou shalt haue no other GOD before my face. In this place, GOD, to hold his people as with a bridle in obedience, telleth them, that the knowledge they haue, ought to keepe them farre from all superstitions. For it is no straunge thing to see the Heathen haue their idols, and to runne astray after their errours and fantasies, if wee remember what man is in him selfe. Wee are also so geuen to vanitie, that it is lamentable to behold, neither neede wee to goe to schole to learne to bee deceiued: for euerie man heerein is a great Doctour in that case: briefly, wee all runne to euill, though vnder the cloke and colour of that whiche is good: so that for the true seruice of GOD, there is nothing in vs, but superstition and idolatrie: and so the Gentiles haue had their diuerse kindes of superstition: for euerie [Page] one hath forged somewhat at his pleasure, and all this while the liuing GOD hath beene left and forsaken of all. And why? Because GOD vouchsafed not to bee so gratious to all the worlde, to declare him selfe vnto them. Wee see then how men were become as beastes in their opinions, and that was for default of teaching: although for all this they are not helde excused, for they are alwayes guiltie before GOD, for asmuch as the founteine of idolatrie proceedeth from their owne malice, and vnthankfulnesse, when as men by their owne motion haue forsaken the euerliuing GOD. But when the worlde was growne out of kinde, the poore Gentiles wandered like blinde men in darknesse, for they wanted the light to shew them the way of saluation. Howe here the Lorde accuseth the Israelites of rebellion, if they obserue not the Lawe which he hath giuen. Why so? I am the euerliuing thy GOD. When he saith, The euerliuing: it is to exclude other Gods, which are inuented of men. As if he should say, There is but one Godhead, and that is found in me: it must needes then be concluded, that they, whiche hauing knowen me, turne themselues after their idols, haue no excuse to alledge, that they haue not willinglie and wittinglie renounced the liuing GOD. Nowe, when he adioyneth, That he is the GOD of his people: this is to shew that he hath sufficiently declared himselfe to bee knowen vnto them, as if he did say: I haue separated you from among the rest of men: you see howe others wander, and that because they lacke wherewith to guide, and direct them: but I haue chosen you for my people, and I haue giuen my selfe to you. Seeing then I am your GOD, hold your selues to me, otherwise you shall haue much lesse excuse than the Painims. My bengeance must needes bee double vpon you: yea, an hundred times more grieuous than vppon other, because you haue falsified the promise, and broken the couenaunt which I made with you. He alledgeth yet further the fauour he did shew to this people, when he saith, That he brought them out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage: whereby he signifieth, that he hath so bound the people vnto him, that they can not reuolt, but that they shall deserue to be more grieuously punished. For when they shall haue forgotten the redemption, by the whiche they were deliuered out of bondage, should not their vnthankfulnesse be double, when being deliuered by so mightie an [Page] hand, they yeald not them selues wholie to the seruice of their redeemer. And of purpose doth he call Egypt. The house of bondage, to the end the people shoulde well consider, in what estate they had bene there. For we see howe they, whiche had sighed and cried when they were oppressed with such great violence, and tyrannie, (as we reade of in Exodus) assoone as God had deliuered them,Exod. 1. desired to returne thicher againe. And whence proceedeth this, but that they remembred not their wrong and oppression, but while they endured it: and that the diuell did shutte vp their eyes, that they should not esteeme the fauour of GOD, according to the price and worthinesse thereof? That is the cause, why Moses in this place nameth Egypt, The house of bondage. In the end there is set downe the commaundement, that the people shoulde haue no other GOD before the face of him, whom they ought to hold for their God. Now let vs applie this whole doctrine to our vse. First therefore, when it is said, I am the eternall or euerliuing, let vs learne so to weigh the sense and meaning of this woord, that when as the maiestie of GOD appeareth vnto vs, we imagine no other deitie. For GOD can not suffer any companion. If the brightnesse of the Sunne darken the light of the Starres, is it not great reason that when GOD sheweth him selfe, euerie one should worshippe him, and that all glorie, whiche shall haue bene before, be as it were brought to nothing? And this is the cause why it is saide to the Prophetes, That when the Lorde shall reigne,Esaie. 60. 9. there shall then appeare no other brightnesse but his: that the Sunne it selfe shalbe dimmed, and that the Moone shalbe turned into darknesse. This is to shewe, that if we mingle with GOD the fantasies of our owne braine, we take away so much from the right whiche apperteineth to him: for he can not suffer any companion. It behoueth then, that this woorde, Euerliuing, bridle all our fantasies and fond imaginations, in such sort, that wee presume not on the libertie to conceiue this and that, but that we content our selues with this simplicitie, to haue one GOD, and that this suffice vs. And for this cause, it is also said: That when our Lorde Iesus shall prepare and establish his seate in the worlde, that all the idols of Egypt shall fall to the ground. Now this place apperteineth vnto vs. For as Moses saide to the people of auncient time, [Page] You haue the euerliuing, and therefore it behoueth that all idols bee chaced from among you: euen so nowe, sithence GOD is declared and made manifest vnto vs in the person of his onely sonne, all our idols must fall downe. Moreouer, we knowe, that Egypt, aboue all countries of the worlde besides, was full fraughted with idols. Therefore, though wee haue bene in former times euen plunged in lies, and errours, and darknesse, though wee haue had an infinite number of idols, yet as soone as GOD declareth that he is the euerliuing, all must vanish and fall away as water. Nowe, when further he nameth himselfe, Our GOD, this is to entise vs after so gentle a manner, that his maiestie might be knowen vnto vs in most louing and amiable wise. For if GOD should speake only of his eternitie and souereigne being, we should be all confounded. Of a trueth, this might suffice to condemne all our dotages: yet we in the meane time can not bee fitlie hereby instructed to our vse and profite. It behoueth then, that after it hath bene declared, that it is he alone whom wee ought to reuerence, and to whome we must doe homage: that he come vnto vs all, after a gentle and familiar manner, that wee may perceiue him to be our father and maister, & that we may knowe that he will alie himselfe, and make a couenaunt with vs, to the end we should cleaue vnto him. This is meant by the title which he giueth himselfe in this place, saying, I am not onely thy euerliuing, whiche come here to fright thee: but I am withall thy GOD. I haue chosen thee to my selfe: I will that thou bee my heritage. So then wee nowe see, howe GOD authorizeth his Lawe, to the end we should receiue it in all feare and humilitie, and howe withall he sweeteneth it with his loue, to the end we should take a tast of it, and with a delighte & pleasure, submit our selues vnto it, not refusing to be gouerned by the doctrine therein conteined. And let vs knowe, that wee can haue no excuse, if at this day we honour not our GOD in trueth, renouncing all our superstitions, and what soeuer is contrarie to his seruice. And why? Because he shoulde winne vs to himselfe by these titles, whiche are giuen to holde vs in his feare. When he speaketh of the rule and power he hath ouer vs all: and when he calleth him selfe, Our GOD, this ought to make vs tast his fatherlie goodnesse. These two thinges are here comprised. Wee see then that there [Page] remaineth nothing, but that we geue diligent eare to that which is declared vnto vs in the lawe of God, & theron wholie rest and stay our selues. And for this cause he vpbraided the people of Israel, that they neither feared nor loued him. If I be thy God and maister, where is then my feare?Malach, 1. 6. If I bee thy father, where is my loue? saith he by his Prophete Malachie. There is no doubt, but the Prophet in this place had respect vnto this whiche Moses here breefly toucheth. For when GOD nameth himselfe, The euerliuing, he doeth it to the end, that we shoulde beare him due reuerence. When he nameth himselfe, The GOD of his people, it is to winne them by loue and gentlenesse, and to shewe, that after he hath elected them, they shoulde geue them selues ouer wholie into his hand. Now if this were vnder the lawe, by greater right it agreeth vnto vs. For although God in the person of his onely some would as it were be much abased, yet for all this remaineth he always in his glorie, neither is any thing diminished from the highnesse of that maiestie, whereof he here maketh mention. The abasement of our Lord Iesus Christ, is an infallible testimonie of the mercie and loue of our God, yet howsoeuer it be, this ought not to occasion vs to cōtemne, or to lesse esteeme his maiestie: for God in this sort hath stopped to vs, that he might allure vs to behold with lesse feare his maiestie, and learne to reuerence him in such sorte as wee ought to doe. So then of good right shall he reproue vs at this day, as beeing altogether inexcusable, if wee doe not feare and loue him. For he sheweth himselfe our GOD, and our maister. But where is our feare, when we regard not that he commaundeth vs, when we haue hardened our heartes against his threatenings, as if wee would despitefully resist him, when wee continue in our wickednesse. And although he hath said, He will bee our iudge, and that he will one day take an account of our doinges: how is it that wee make but a scorne and mockerie of it? Where is (I say) the feare which we owe to our GOD? For it seemeth, that wee will feare a mortall creature more than the liuing GOD, which hath all preeminence, and superioritie, and maistershippe ouer vs. Moreouer, it is not enough that wee feare GOD, after some seruile manner, as being forced therevnto: but wee must haue a loue alwayes ioyned with our feare: For therefore nameth he him selfe, Our father. And let vs also note, that when he declareth him [Page] selfe the God of Israel, he meaneth by this word, that he is our Sauiour also.Abac. 1. 12. Thou art our God (saith the Prophet Abacue) and wee cannot perish. So then let vs keepe in minde these titles, forasmuch as they apperteine to vs, and ought to serue this day for our instruction: knowing that the Maiestie of God hath appeared in our Lord Iesus Christ. Nowe let vs marke this which he further addeth for the greater proofe of his loue and fauour: I haue brought you (saith he) out of the land of Egypte. It is true, that God here especially bindeth vnto himselfe the people of Israel aboue all other nations, to which end he expressely setteth downe the redemption he had wrought them: But when God speaketh, wee must consider of all the benefites for the which wee are indebted to him, which albeit they are in number infinite and inestimable: yet wee ought at least wise call them to minde, so farre as our small abilitie may doe, applying all our wittes & senses thereto: & perceiuing, that wee faile, and are behinde in this point, let vs straine our selues better to minde them, at least so farre, as to be therby instructed in the loue and feare of our God. Doth then God speake? We must first consider, that this is he which created vs, wee are therefore his. This one benefite were sufficient to prouoke euerie one with all his might to serue & honour God. For what sufficient recompense can we make him, if there were but this, that he hath placed vs in this worlde, and of his mercie nourisheth vs here? But yet, when wee shall haue cast our eyes vp on high, or downe belowe, and take a diligent view of all the tokens he sheweth vs of his loue, seeing that he hath created the worlde for our sake, that he hath appointed all thinges to our vse, considering that he hath engrauen his owne image in vs, that wee shoulde be immortall, vnderstanding that he hath prepared a better heritage for vs than this brittle and transitorie life: when we perceiue all these things, must it not needes bee that wee are more blockish and brutish than beastes, if wee bee not rauished with a feruent desire to worshippe our God, to vowe, and to dedicate our selues wholy vnto him? But yet further than this, wee must make enquirie, and enter into accompte, as well of the benefites which are bestowed on vs all in generall, as which euerie one also particularly receiueth, and then behoueth it euerie one to make his confession with Dauid: Lord when I thinke on thy benefites,Psal. 40. 5. loe my spirite is plunged as it were in some great deapth, they surmount in number [Page] the haires of mine head, as he speaketh in the, 40. Psalme. Againe, when wee shall haue knowen howe farre we are all bound to God in generall, let euerie one in the priuie chamber of his owne heart consider the benefits which he hath receiued of the handes of God. And in steade of that which was said in old time to the people of Israel, I haue redeemed you out of the land of Egypt, let vs remember from whence our Lord hath deliuered vs, when it pleased him to receiue vs into his fannlie & into his church. For we are the children of Adam, by nature cursed, and inheritors of death, we haue nothing in vs but sinne, & so consequently we must needes be accursed before God. Let men please & magnifie themselues as they list, yet behold their birth, behold their nobilitie: they are but bondslaues of Sathan, they haue a sinke & bottomlesse gulfe of corruption in them, they are worthie that the wrath & malediction of God fal on their heads: briefly being banished from the kingdome of heauen, they are geuen ouer to all miserie & wretchednesse. Now our Lord and God, by the hand of his sonne, hath hence deliuered vs. He hath not sent a Moses, as to the people of auncient time: but not sparing his onelie sonne, he hath deliuered him to death for vs. Being then raunsomed with so deare and inestimable a price, as is the holie and sacred bloud of the sonne of God, ought wee not wholie to yeelde our selues vnto him? And withall let vs note, that if it be said, That Egypt was a house of bondage, what thraldome and seruitude is this, when Sathan holdeth vs in his bondes, and vnder his tyrannie, in such sort that wee haue no meane to escape death, that we bee excluded from all hope of saluation, that God is our enimie and aduersarie? Nowe being deliuered from all this, is not our redemption farre more greater and excellent than this, whereof Moses here speaketh? So in steede that it was sa [...]ed to the auncient people, Thy God hath deliuered thee out of the land of Egypt, it is nowe said, That wee be redeemed from the bondage of Sathan to liue vnto the Lord, as Saint Paule speaketh in the.Rom. 14. 9. 14. Chapter of his Epistle to the Romanes, and the sixte of the first to the Corinthians;1. Cor. 6. 19. that wee are not our owne. It behaueth therefore the faithfull, that they presume not on the libertie, to doe what seemeth them, and to liue euerie one after his owne lust. And why so? The Lord Iesus therefore died & rose againe & reuiued,Rom. 14. 9. that he might be Lord both of the quicke & dead. It is then good reason, that Iesus Christ should be Lord both of the liuing [Page] & of the dead, seeing he hath not spared himself for our redemption & saluation And besides this, that the sonne of God hath offered himselfe vpon the crosse to redeeme vs, let vs knowe that at this day by the meane of the Gospell he maketh vs partakers of this benefite: for he hath gathered vs to himselfe, to the end wee should bee of his flocke and inheritance. It is true that he is that vndefiled Lamb and without spot which taketh away the sinnes of the worlde, and that he hath offered himselfe so reconcile man vnto God. Howbeit, so it is, that wee see many people for saken, to whom the gate is shut, and to whom God hath not shewed this fauour, to inlighten them in the faith, as we are. And withall let vs note, that forasmuch as the Gospell is preached vnto vs, we haue herein a sure testimonie, that the sonne of God will make the redemption which he hath once accomplished, auailable vnto vs, and that he will haue vs to reioyce in such a benefite. Let vs learne then that our vnthankfulnesse shalbe so much the more vilainous, if wee employ not all our paines to serue that God, which hath by such benefites bounde vs vnto himselfe. If such as are not of the houshold of faith behaue themselues as vntamed horses broken loose, if they passe all measure in their superstitions, if they be loose and lawlesse in their liuing, this may well be, because they haue no bridle to restraine them, because the Lorde raineth them not backe as he doeth his housholde seruantes. Wee see the horrible confusion which is now in the Papasie. But all this while they haue no doctrine to reduce men vnto God, but rather to estraunge them from him. And wee see how the diuell hath gained an empire and kingdome among them in such sort, that all is full of deceites & illusions, & that the liuing God is forsaken. See then here an horrible confusion. But as for vs, seeing God hath drawen vs to himselfe, is not this a most streight obligation, to make vs knit our selues wholie vnto him, to make vs hold the obedience of the doctrine proposed vnto vs in his name? Let vs therefore learne so to cleaue vnto our God, that we renounce all that we might forge of our owne braine, that we stagger no more hither or thither, or bee moued and tossed in any sorte whatsoeuer. Knowe wee that there is one God which will possesse vs for his people, & so wholie possesse vs, that his honour be not taken from him, to be bestowed on creatures, knowe we that he watcheth ouer vs, to the end wee shoulde acknowledge, that it is he onely whom wee must call vpon, and of whom we must looke for all [Page] helpe and succour. And for that he will receiue vs, and keepe vs in house, let vs walke as in his presence: so that wee worshippe him as our onely God, not onely by way of ceremonies and outward protestation: but sincerely and in heart, as wee knowe that his seruice is spirituall. Briefly, let vs yeald vp our selues, our soules, and bodies, to be gouerned by him, that he may bee in all thinges honoured and glorified.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our good God, with acknowledging of our faults, beseeching him that he will make vs feele them better than we haue done, that we may be led to a true and earnest repentaunce, that he will mortifie vs more and more, cutting off our euill and disordered affections, to the end wee may bee wholy geuen to feare and honour him. And because we cannot serue him so purely as he deserueth, whiles wee bee helde bound vnder the infirmittes of our flesh, pray we him that he will beare with vs, vntill he hath clothed vs with his righteousnesse. And so let vs say humbly from our heart, Almightie God and heauenlie father.

The. 3. Sermon.

Deut. Chap. 5.

8 Thou shalt make thee no grauen image, or any likenes of that, that is in heauen aboue, or whiche is in the earth beneath, or that is in the waters vnder the earth.

9 Thou shalt neither bow thy selfe vnto them, nor serue them: for I thy Lord thy God am a gelous God, visiting the iniquitie of the fathers vpon the children, euen to the third and fourth generation of them that hate me:

10 And shewing mercie to thousandes of them that loue me, & keepe my Commaundements.

[Page] BEcause men are so farre inclined to corrupte the worshippe of God by wicked superstitions, it behoueth that God feare them by his threates, to the end they might be as it wereforceably kept backe: when otherwise they woulde carrie them selues headlong by their vanitie, to imagine of GOD cleane contrarie to all that which is agreeable with his Maiestie. And this is a pointe worthie to bee noted. For it seemeth (as wee haue alreadie touched) that it was now needelesse to forbidde the people of Israel to make any images, after they had knowen the liuing God. But because of our cursed inclination, it was requisite that this so streight a forbidding, as wee see, should be adioyned. And this is done as well for vs, as for them: because this vice is as it were settled in our bones. If God shewe not, that he will not suffer idolatrie, and that wee bee not wounded with such threats, there is not one amongest vs which forgeth not an infinite number of idols, and by this meane the honour due to the liuing God is transported vnto our fantasies. Let vs note then, that here we are reproued of hauing a cursed and peruerse nature, whiche alwayes draweth vs to superstition, and that there is great need that we be held backe after some violent and forceable manner. For of our owne good will we neuer serue GOD in such sort, as that we imagine nothing of him, but that which is proper to his Maiestie. And withall wee may note, to what purpose our good meanings serue vs. For if there be any thing in whiche men may excuse them selues with this, that they thinke they do well, it is when they forge vnto them selues idols. For to what end doe they make them, but to serue God, to bee stirred vp to greater deuotion, and to haue a more strong assuraunce that GOD will heare them in their requestes: These then are the men whiche may best pretend this colour of good meaning: but yet we see on the contrarie side, that God hereby is grieuously angred: wee see how he pronounceth an horrible sentence of condemnatiō vpon all them, which leaue them selues to be gouerned by their thinking and meaning. They will say still, and the thing is so, That they thinke to serue God: but what? He accepteth no such seruice, but rather accurseth it, and [Page] that by good right. For as wee haue aboue shewed, his maieslie is disguised, when one will make vnto him a visible image. We are then instructed in this place to doe nothing as seemeth vs, especially when there is any question of the seruice of God, that we attempt nothing after our owne fantasies, but that wee followe in all simplicitie that which he appointeth by his worde, without adding of any thing vnto it whatsoeuer. For assoone as wee shall haue declined neuer so little herein, what euer we alledge to make our cause good, God will not leaue vs vnpunished. For this is no vaine threate, when he saith, That he is a God of gelousie and anger, which visiteth the iniquitie of parentes vpon their children. Thus you see then two pointes which wee haue to beare in minde in this place. The one is, that because wee are by nature ouer much giuen to idolatrie, this threatning of God commes alwayes before our eyes, to the end we presume not to mingle any thing with his word, or to deuise any kind of idolatrie, but that we serue him purely according to his nature, and not according to our fantasie. And let this be for one note. The other is, that we knowe we must not pretend our good me aninges, to iustifie that which we shall haue inuented and deuised: but contrarie wise let vs remember, that the principall seruice which God requireth, is obedience. Nowe let vs come to the wordes which are set downe in this sentence: God saith in the first place, I am thy euerliuing thy God, or thy mightie and strong one. Here againe, he setteth himselfe against all idols. For wee haue alreadie seene, that to redresse the superstitions of the Israelites, he declared himselfe in his maiestie. Nowe this is to take all excuse from men, when GOD once manifesteth himselfe vnto them. When wee knowe not which is the true religion, neither can discerne who is the true GOD, it is no maruell if all our senses wander, and wee runne hither and thither without any right directing of our wayes, as poore wanderers: but when God hath once declared himselfe vnto vs, and wee knowe his trueth, then is there great reason that all our dreames fall to the grounde, and that wee abide stedfast in that, whereof wee haue knowledge. For this cause God repeateth this thing, That he hath declared himselfe to his people, and hath chosen them to himselfe, and that he will gouerne them euen by the lawe which is nowe published. And of purpose nameth he himself A gelous God, & wrathfull. For this word importeth both these [Page] thinges. And againe, although he be called here, God, notwithstanding the worde he here vseth, is deriued from a word which signifieth strength & feare. Now when he nameth himselfe Gelous, there is no doubt but he meaneth thereby to signifie, that he will not suffer that his honour be violated, or that he be robbed of that which properly belongeth vnto him, to haue it geuen to creatures, that he can not patiently endure any such treacherie. Therfore when the honour of God shall not be so priced on our part as it deserueth, let vs knowe that he will not neglect it. For wee shall feele in the end that he forgetteth not himselfe, but will mainteine his glorie, as he declareth throughout all the holie scripture. Verely if wee had but one droppe of true vnderstanding, wee woulde be zealous for the honour of our God, so that wee needed not to be stirred vp herevnto: wee woulde of our selues endeuour to accomplishe that which is written in the Psalmes,Psal. 69. 9. that is, That his zeale should deuoure vs: that we shoulde burne within our selues when wee see his maiestie reprochfully abused, it would be (I say) that wee should then feele within vs a burning and consuming fire. But what? Wee are curious to mainteine our owne honour, and in the meane while wee will suffer that the honour of the Lorde bee trampled vnder feete, that men make their sporte and game of it, that men haue it in derision and mockerie, or at least that men mangle and teare it in peeces. And therefore when the worlde shall be wholie set on idolatrie, when all of vs shall neglect our duetie in the seruice of God, shall not our Lorde, after he hath reproued our loosenesse and vnthankfulnesse in this point, shewe that although wee haue bene carelesse herein, he will yet haue such a zeale as behoueth him to mainteine his honour, and that when he shall bee trode vnder the feete of men, he will execute on them a sharpe and grieuous reuenge? Nowe to the ende that wee shoulde knowe that being gelous in his honours behalfe, he knoweth well in what sorte to punish the idolaters, he taketh to himselfe the name of God, which importeth force and strength, as we haue alreadie touched: and to this end he doeth it, that wee also, when wee thinke of him, shoulde ioyne these two wordes together. For Moses vnderstandeth in this place, that which is more fully expressed by the Prophete Nahum,Nahum. 1. [...]. when he sayeth, The Lorde is agelous GOD, a God of vengeance, a God which punisheth them that haue offended, which reserueth wrath for his enimies, [Page] a God, which shall come in a whirle winde and tempest. The Prophete vseth this word, that God is Gelous, that is to say, that he is not forgetfull, that he hath not his eyes closed and shut vp when men contemne him, but that he marketh it, that all which is done is registred before him, that he will one day take accompt of it. Nowe after that he hath spoken of this affection, that is to say, that God will mainteine his honour, he sheweth by and by that he hath wherewith to doe it, that he is armed with force and might to punish his enimies, and that they cannot by any meanes escape his hand. And to that end he speaketh of a whirle winde and tempest. See why he speaketh of vengeaunce. He addeth also further, that though God dissemble for a time, that yet he reserueth wrath for his enimies, and will in a conuenient time make them feele with whome they haue had to doe, and that they haue prouoked the liuing GOD to anger. We see now what Moses vnderstandeth namely, that God will haue his honour esteemed of vs. And although we thinke to remaine vnpunished, when wee haue polluted his seruice, and corrupted it, in what sorte so euer, yet in his time he will shew, that he is not forgetfull of him selfe, but that he will mainteine and defend his own honour. This is one point to be noted. Moreouer he adioyneth, that he is also mightie enough to put in execution, his gelousie. For the Lord is not as mortall men, which can but fume and chafe, when their honour is foiled, & they contemned and iniuried, but they haue not the meane to worke the reuenge they woulde. God is not such a one: he is armed with might and power to confounde all his enimies. Truely wee must not imagine in God any humane affections, such as with whiche wee see men to bee moued and carried away. There is neither anger nor wrath in God. But because wee cannot comprehend him as he is, it behoueth that he applie him selfe to our rudenesse. So, as often as the Scripture speaketh of wrath, anger, and indignation: this is not that God is changeable, that he resembleth vs, to bee moued as we are with passions. For he alwayes abideth in one estate: yea, there is no shadowe of chaunge in him. As Saint Iames vseth the same similitude, to declare, that in his nature & being there is no chaunge.Iam. 1, 17. But because we comprehend not the iudgments of God, but by these words, of anger, wrath, and indignation: for this cause the Scripture speaketh after this manner. Nowe let vs also note principally in this place, that it is a [Page] fearefull and horrible thing,Heb. 10. 31. as God here declareth, to fall into his handes: and aboue all, when wee shall haue peruerted the puritie of his seruice by our wicked inuentions, rashly attempting that which our braine hath fondly conceiued. Let vs therefore knowe wee shall feele with whom we haue had to deale, and that he is a greater maister, than with whom we might thinke to dallie after such a fashion. Now withall, God is not here contented to threaten them which by idolatrie are turned away from his lawe, in saying onely that he will punish them in their owne persons, but he extendeth his vengeance to their whole posteritie. I am (saith he) a gelous God, which punishe the iniquitie of the fathers vpon the children, vnto the thirde & fourth generation. It seemeth at the first sight, that this is euill agreeing to the iustice of God, to punish the children for the sinns of the fathers & mothers. And beside that, naturall reason is against it. We see what is spoken concerning this point, to the Prophete Ezechiel, namely, That he which shall haue sinned shall beare his owne payment, & that the sonne shal not beare the iniquitie of the father, nor the father the iniquitie of the sonne. This place then here which might seeme somewhat too austere and rigorous, which should seeme to derogate from the righteousnesse of God, for sinne, bringeth his hire, that is, the death of him which committeth it. He then which is innocent why shall he die?Rom. 6. 23. And albeit this reason were not sufficient, we haue the testimonie of the holie scripture, where God declareth, that he will not punish the innocent children for the sinnes of their fathers. For he reproueth the Iewes for this blasphemie whiche ranne much in their mouth, and whereof they had nowe made a common prouerbe: Our fathers haue eaten sowre grapes, and our teeth are set on edge.Ezech. 18. 2. Wee are not thus rigorously handled for the faultes wee haue committed, for wee haue liued as behoued vs, but he grateth here vppon the sinne of our fathers. Thus the Iewes murmured against GOD. Now he sweareth that this blasphemie shall no more reigne among them. But for all this, when all shall be well considered, there is no contrarietie in these places. For in the place of Ezechiel God vnderstandeth no other thing, but that those which are punished of him, cannot alledge their innocencie, that they cannot say that God doeth them any wrong or iniurie, if he vse them sharpely: for they shall finde themselues [Page] guiltie euerie one in his owne person, and that he shall bee declared iust, when euerie one shall see that he exceedeth neither measure nor reason.

Nowe this is also certeine, that when God punisheth the children, because of the fathers: yet ceaseth he not to bee iust in his chastisementes: for the children on their part being well examined, shall be founde faultie. I say yet further, that they can no sooner come foorth of the wombe of their mother, but they committe many notable and manifest sinnes, and such as might bee knowen to the whole worlde. For what ofspring are wee? What bring we forth by nature, but sinne and wickednesse? See then the infantes which are alredie sinners, yea, being in the wombe of their mother, they are condemned before God, there is yet no euill perceiued in them, howbeit their nature is altogether corrupt and sinfull. They haue a seede of wickednesse in them, & because of this originall sinne which is descended from Adam vpon all mankind, behold they are alredie vnder condemnation. Now seeing it is so, that the little infantes are not exempted from the auger & maledicion of God, it is certeine when he punisheth them, this shall not be without good cause: but we shall alwayes knowe, that he proceedeth herein in all equitie & iustice, as an vpright iudge: by greater reason they which are elder & further striken in yeeres, are punished as not innocent, for one shall finde them by many degrees more faultie. And so as concerning the place of Ezechiel the case is cleare, that God punisheth not the innocent children for the transgression of their fathers, for the faultes shalbe also founde in themselues. As for this, when he saith, That he punisheth the iniquitie of fathers vppon the children, let vs consider howe this is done, and then this hard knotte shall bee easily vnties. First then let vs knowe, that God oweth vs nothing, and that if he bestowe any benefite vppon vs, this is altogether of his meere liberalitie, not that he is any thing beholding vnto vs. In the meane while, if he will vse his rigour towardes vs, he may leaue vs in condemnation as wee are. Let God onely withdrawe his mercie, and shewe himselfe iudge ouer the whole worlde, and what shall beecome of vs? Surely wee shall all perishe, there is no remedie: little and great, fathers and children, without exception (I say) wee are all condemned, if GOD drawe vs not [Page] out of the curse in whiche wee are, and that by his free mercie, without the least occasion of beeing bounde vnto vs. So nowe, seeing GOD may bring vs all to destruction, if it please him to vse his goodnesse and clemencie towardes some, if he call them to himselfe, if he deliuer them from this deepe dongeon of damnation, in which they are: may any one accuse him for this? May any one reprooue him herein, the least that may bee? No. For our eye must not bee euill, if he of his goodnesse taketh pitie and compassion of his creatures.

And although he vse not the like measure towardes all, yet notwithstanding wee must haue our mouth closed vp: or rather wide open, not to murmur, but to confesse that all which he doth is in equitie and iustice, although it surmount our sense and reason. For wee comprehend not alwayes the reason why GOD disposeth so of men, and yet must wee laie aside our prating, and learne to reuerence and adore God in his iudgementes, when they shall bee ouer high for vs, ouer wonderfull, ouer secrete. How euer it bee, let this generall rule abide certeine, that is to say, That God might leaue vs in our destruction, wherein wee are, if so it pleased him, and that by this meanes the whole world shoulde perishe: but because it pleaseth him to shewe himselfe gentle and pitifull, not towardes all, but towardes a parte, see what discerneth the one from the other.

Nowe, herevppon he leaueth them, as it seemeth good vnto him, in the curse wherein they are borne. And if one demaunde why God vseth his mercie towardes some, when on others he executeth his seueritie? It is certeine, the first and principall cause is vnknowen vnto vs, neither ought wee to enquire after it. And why? For it behoueth that all our senses bee locked vp captiues in that behalfe, and that wee confesse that God hath libertie to choose whom he pleaseth, and to refuse the rest. But howsoeuer the case standeth, he maketh this promise to the faithfull, that he will take pitie on their children, and that as he hath begonne his mercie in their persons, so he will continue it in their posteritie, euen to a thousand generations. Seeing God hath made this promise to his seruauntes, wee see nowe there is some cause why God hath pitie of the one, rather than of the other.

[Page] [...] contrarie part, he threatneth the vnfaithfull that the [...] not onely in themselues, but also in their issue, and [...] which shall descende from their stocke and familie. But nowe let vs come to the mercie which God sheweth, and to the punishmentes he executeth. His mercie then is not in this, that he blesseth the children of the faithfull with riches, with health, or other like thinges: or that he maketh them to prosper to the world ward: those are not the chiefe blessings of God, that is not the end whereat he beginneth, but rather he sheweth them his goodnesse and mercie, when he gouerneth them by his holie spirit, when he geueth them the marke and seale of the adoption of his children, when he correcteth them, and purgeth them from their sinnes, to reforme and renewe them to his image and likenesse. Ye see then the mercie which God extendeth to the children of the faithfull, that is to say, he suffereth them not to remaine in their corruption and wickednesse, but that he reformeth them and gouerneth them by his holie spirit. This being done, he continueth his mercie further more and more, and maketh them to prosper euen in this world, vntill the fulnesse of his mercie be heaped vpon them: namely, vntill he hath drawen them out of this world into his kingdome, and geueth them there the fruition of euerlasting life. On the contrarie side, whereas he punisheth the iniquitie of fathers vpon the children, this is as much to say, as that he will leaue the stocke of them in the same plight, they are in. There is a wicked man, there is a despiser of God, there is an hypocrite, there is an vnfaithfull and vnbeleeuing man: well, he shall haue children: God will, as we may see, forget them, and account them for straungers. And whereas he acknowledgeth them not in the number of his owne, he daineth not nor vouchsaleth to shew himselfe a father towardes them. So he leaueth them as forsaken, and then it must needes be that Sathan possesse them, & being destitute of the spirit of God, what other thing may happen vnto them than euill and mischiefe, so as they procure to themselues the wrath and anger of God more and more? Nowe then doth our Lorde punish them without good cause? Can then say they are innocent and guiltlesse: No. For there is sufficient fault in them before hande. Wee see then a great deale the better how this which God hath pronounced by Ezechiel is true: namely, that he which hath sinned shall beare the payment and punishment as he hath deserued, and that the innocent [Page] shall not bee punished for the cause of the sinner and transgressour. Notwithstanding, we see also, that not without cause he declareth, that he will punish the iniquitie of fathers vppon the children. For why? It is in him to shew mercie to the children of the wicked and vnbeleuing, or of the contemners of his word, or of hypocrites, which abuse his name: it is (I say) in the choice and libertie of God, to withdrawe his grace from their posteritie. And when their children are estraunged from God, what reteine they but the filth and corruption of Adam? There is nothing else in them, but sinne and wickednesse. And therefore needes it must be, that they bee enimies to God. Ye see then how he punisheth them in iustice, and that they can not shift them selues out of his hand, in saying that he doeth them wrong, that he is ouer cruell towardes them. It behoueth that euerie mouth be stopped in that behalfe. True it is, that a man can neuer satisfie and content the rebellions, as wee see there are many which aduaunce them selues against God in this case, with such boldnesse and presumption, that good men which are sober and modest, are ashamed to behold them, but leaue we these dogges to barke their fill, and in the meane time let vs glorifie our God in all humilitie, knowing at least wise this one thing, that he hath this authoritie, and might, to shew fauour and mercie to whom it pleaseth him. And for this cause we must conclude, that if God withdrawe his spirite from the posteritie of the wicked, he may not bee accused of crueltie: For they are in them selues punishable, when they are in this sorte forsaken of him, and are not gouerned by his holie spirite. Let vs then note well that this sentence hath no contrarietie to that of Ezechiel. Nowe let vs returne to see the meaning of Moses in these words. There is no doubt, but by his manner of speaking in this place, he would imprinte a greater feare in vs, than if barely and simplie he had said: God will punish you, when you shall haue corrupted his seruice, when you shall haue chaunged any thing in religion, when you shall haue deuised and fashioned any image or likenesse of him, thinke not that you shall escape his vengeance: for he will not suffer that his honor be defaced, and brought to nothing in such sorte. If Moses had thus spoken, men as ouerhardied and flow of nature, would not haue bene sufficiently moued with feare. Therefore he here passeth further: God (saith hee) will not onely punish you in your owne persons, but he will extend his vengeaunce vppon [Page] your ofspring, and not onely on your children, but he will pursue it euen to the further end of your linage, in such sort that you shall for euer feele his wrath, as a kindling fire, and after your death, men shall behold the signes and markes of your iniquitie: GOD shall place you in such ignominie and reproch, that you shalbe as spectacles to the world: and although you be rotten & putrified vnder the earth, yet shall his vengeaunce pursue you so, that your sinnes shall bee grated on, and called to remembraunce from age to age: and men shall know that you haue rebelled against him, whiche shewed you so many of his benefites, that at least you should haue bene as the sheepe of his flocke, to bee gouerned by him and his worde. Now then let vs take heede, wee bee not ouer sluggish and past sense, when God in this manner stirreth vp and awaketh vs. Truely if onely in one woord, or by some exteriour signification he should signifie his anger, we ought to bee touched with great feare: but since wee are dull vppon the spurre, yet at least then, when God declareth that after he hath punished vs, he will yet followe on his vengeaunce vppon our posteritie, and that after our death it must needes bee, that those which shalbe begotten of vs bee condemned, when (I say) God speaketh in this wise, let vs then bee more attentiue to walke in his feare, and to turne our selues vnto him, that we prouoke him not to anger, being as it is so fearefull and terrible. Thus wee see in what sorte we are to make our profite by this text. Now he addeth further, Of them which hate him: in which word he comprehendeth all the transgressours of the law. If then one demand whether all those, whiche turne them selues from the obedience of God, hateth him therefore? This place here answereth, Yea: not that it semeth so them, and yet the truth is so. And we ought here not to rest vppon our owne iudgement, for God onely is a competent iudge to pronounce sentence herein. And because that men, when they geue them selues ouer to worke wickedlie, will not say, neither thinke so in heart, that they hate God, it behoueth that this vice should be discouered. It is true that hypocrits will make a faire shew, that the loue of God causeth them to shew some good countenaunce. And in deed it may haue some small seede, but it is a bastard & vicious seede. So then this hatred is not apparant in hypocrites, nether in many other which lead a disordered & dissolute life: but yet is it in them, though we know it not, for as all male factours & licentious [Page] liuers woulde there were neither iudge, nor order, nor policie in the world: so all they which willinglie & of their own accord would not acknowledge them selues Gods subiects, they spite him, & could be contented he were plucked out of heauen. This appeareth sufficently in them, which are wholy geuen ouer & peruerted. When men haue loosed the bridle to all iniquitie, they can not beare any correction, & are so farre from being tractable to be taught, when they are threatened, they grind the teeth, they storme & rage, they are furious, & madde against God. This hating then of God is manifest enough in them which haue granted them selues a more outragious libertie of doing ill, in thē which are carried away as with a tempest in their wickednesse, & are fullie settled in their sinnes. In others which haue yet some feare, & are in some sorte moued, when we speake of God, & of his iudgements, this appeareth not, & yet there is alreadie in them an hatred of God. Truelie they thinke it not, but God seeth much more cleare than we, and when thinges are hid and vnknowen vnto vs, he noteth them. We must alwayes beare in minde, howe Saint Iohn saith, That God is much greater than our consciences: that is to say,1. Iohn. 3. 20. That if our consciences beare vs witnesse of our faultes, God shall not sleepe in the meane time. And so let vs brieflie remember, that all they whiche conforme not them selues to the obedience of God, & which humble not them selues vnder his maiestie, to serue & honor him, that all they hate him, although by effect they shew it not at first, and that men can not iudge so of them. And for the same cause we see why in like maner, when God speaketh of them, which keepe his commaundements, he beginneth with his loue. He saith, That he will shewe mercie on thousand generations to them which loue him. And why? For it is not possible to desire to honour God, & to bee his subiects, if we haue not a feeling of this loue, wherof he here speketh, And this may serue vs for a good lesson, as we shall see herafter, that Moses when he would geue a short abridgment of the Lawe saith, What doeth the Lord thy God Israel require of thee, but that thou loue him with thy whole hart,Deut. 10. 1 [...]. & that thou cleaue to him? We shall neuer (I say) know, what it is to yeald obedience to Gods lawe, and to rule our selues according to it, if we beginne not at this loue. And why? For God requireth a willing seruice, he will not that we serue him with a seruile feare but his desire is that we come vnto his worship with a free & chearfull courage, & take, euen a pleasure in obeying [Page] & honoring of him. Now this can not be, except we loue him. Wherfore let vs not, that the beginning, the founteine, the foundation, and roote of obedience is this loue of God, so as we bee not forced to come vnto him, but euen take a singular delight & pleasure therein, knowing that this is our true happinesse, that we desire nothing else, but to bee ruled by his will, and to bee in all pointes conformable to the same. And moreouer let vs note, that this loue can not bee in vs before we haue tasted of the goodnesse of our God. For as long as wee conceiue God our aduersarie and contrarie partie, wee can not, but flee him. Will we then loue him? Will wee bee reformed to his obedience to take a pleasure in his seruice? Wee must firste knowe, that he is our father and sauiour, and that he desireth nothing more than to shew himselfe louing, & fauorable towardes vs. When we shall so haue casted the great loue he beareth vs, then shall we bee stirred vp to loue him as our father, and when this loue shalbe in vs, there is no doubt, but wee shall obey him, & his lawe shall beare rule in our thoughtes, and in our affections, and in all our members. For what is the cause that we are so rebellious against God, but that we hate him, as we haue before said? Againe on the contrarie side, the loue of God shall leade vs to serue him, and to set our selues, & our doings in order according to his iustice in such sorte, that a man shall see a certeine conformitie & melodie betwene the lawe of God, & all our desires, & affections. But yet the better to vnderstand this, let vs consider what God is, for he will not bee knowen according to our nature: and when we shall heare him speake, it is not enough to yeald him this title of God, but he will bee knowen as he is: namely, iust, and good, that he is the founteine & perfection of all wisedome, of all power, of all vprightnesse, of all equitie and iustice. Now then let vs conceiue God as he is, that is, with his iustice, and vprightnesse, & equitie: and then shall we not desire but to frame and fashion our selues vnto him: contrarie wise, when we shall loue that which is euill, and shalbe wrapped in wickednesse as in a garment, it can not be, but we must hate him. And why? Because here is no question of some bare nature & being, neither ought we to imagine God as an idol, but we must comprehend him in his iustice. It then we shall hate this which is in God, that is to say, his iustice & vprightnesse, it must needs be that we hate him also. For he can not denie him selfe, he cannot be disguised, he cannot be transfigured after our fansie, [Page] he alwayes abideth like himselfe. So then, as I haue alreadie touched, all they which loue God, they faile not to be obedient to his law, they cease not to obserue and keepe his commaundements, for these things are knit together, and are inseparable. And this wee haue to beare in minde vpon this place. Nowe here hence we are to take a warning, that we haue in greater horrour, than we are woont to haue, all rebellion, all sinne, and offences. For it is no small thing to bee proclaimed the enimies of God, and to make open warre with him. Now, it is so, that wee cannot turne our selues from him, nor cast off his yoke, but wee shalbe conuicted to haue bene his enimies, and to haue waged open battell with him? And loe, is not this an execrable thing? Let vs therefore learne to haue our sinnes and offences in horrour and detestation, forasmuch as by them, wee are accused to be the enimies of God, and that he also must shewe himselfe our aduersarie partie. Withall we are also warned to come vnto God with a pure and sincere affec [...]ion. For it is not enough to withhold our feete, and our handes, and our eyes from euill doing, but it behoueth that our heart goe before, and that God be serued of vs with a true meaning minde and vpright affection: and this affection must not be forced and constrained, but it ought to proceede from a true loue of God. Therefore, when wee will rightly obserue his lawe, wee must first knowe, that God is vnto vs a kinde hearted father, gentle and fauourable vnto vs, to the end we may be led to yeeld vnto him like loue and affection. And withall, let vs not thinke to mocke & deceiue our selues, in protesting that we loue God, if in the meane while this be not shewed in the whole course of our life. For when here is mention made of the loue of God, Moses addeth, that they which loue him doe also keepe his commaundementes. It behoueth then that our life be aunswerable in this behalfe, and that it beare witnesse whether wee loue God, or whether wee hate him. For the rest which followeth, it is not without cause that God making comparison of his wrath and vengeaunce, with his fauour and mercie, saith, That he will punishe them that hate him to the thirde and fourth generation, and that he will shewe mercie to them that loue him in a thousand generation?. For by this he declareth that, which is better and more folly expressed in other sentences of the scriptures, that is, That he is slow to anger, greatly inclined to compassion and pitie,Psal. 103. 8. that he is patient & of long suffering,Psal. 30. 5. that his anger endureth but a while, that his mercie [Page] is to life, & endureth for euer. Ye see then the true nature of God, that is, that he desireth nothing more, than to drawe men vnto him by all lenitie and gentlenesse, and to vse his mercie and goodnesse towardes them. When he punisheth them, this is as it were against his nature. Not, but that it is agreeable to God, aswell to punish, as to shewe mercie: but he will shewe vs, that his goodnesse is much more greater: and briefely, that he is not sharpe and rigorous, but desirous to lay open his heart towards vs, if we would suffer him, for in verie déede he will bee knowen gratious and pitifull. And this is that wherin his principall glorie shineth. Therefore let vs note well, that not for naught Moses here assigneth a thousand generations to the mercy of God, and restraineth his wrath & vengeance to a three or foure generations. As if he did say: It is very true that our Lord will not leaue superstition vnpunished, when you shall haue peruerted his seruice, and defaced his honour, busying your selues in your own dreames, and doating fanstes: you shall surely feele the punishment, and your children after you shall feele it: and when the fire of his wrath and indignation shalbe kindled among you, it shall not bee so soone quenched as you thinke: but yet for all that, God will not cease to bee pitifull, and his mercie shalbe alwayes greater than his anger. And in verie deede, as God by the threat we haue here heard, would reteine the world in true religion, to the end it shoulde make no idols nor puppittes to counterfeit him, so he would by his promise here conteined, as it were allure vs to beare him the loue and reuerence which we owe vnto him, and he desireth rather to winne vs by his gentlenesse, than to restraine vs by his threatenings. Ye see then in what sorte he speaketh: My children, thinke not that I will deale roughly with you: it is true, if you prouoke mee, I shall not suffer that men make a sport and game of me, but when I haue declared mine anger, I desire yet rather to traine you, and winne you to my selfe by mercie and gentlenesse. I protest then, and declare vnto you, if you abide wholy and sincerely in my obedience, I will continue to bestowe my benefites vpon you, euen to a thousand generations: so that your children, after your death, shall finde mee the same I haue beene to you. Beholde what wee haue to beare in minde vppon this place.

And moreouer, for conclusion, let vs note, that it is not without gre [...]t cause, that God placeth here this worde of Mercie, although it [Page] bee as a rewarde of the seruice which is done him, He might well haue saide, I will consider the seruice of them which shall haue honoured and worshipped me, which shall haue loued mee in obseruing my lawe, I will shewe them that it is no lost labour to haue serued and honoured mee, as they shall haue done. God might haue spoken so. But he saith, I will shewe mercie? And how so? Seemeth it not, that if wee serue God, as he hath appointed, he oweth vs a recompense? Nowe he declareth that he will bestowe a benefite vpon them which haue honoured him, and obserued his commandements, and that this is not by any obligation of due debte, or because of their merites and desertes: for he vseth herein mercie. So this worde of Mercie, is to beate downe all pride of men in such sorte, that they may not boast of their woorkes, as if they were worthie of reward and payment: but rather knowe, that God ment to declare by this, that when wee serue him the best that wee can, wee haue alwayes neede to bee borne, withall of him, and that he pardoneth vs our vices and our infirmities. Thus are there two thinges which wee haue to note in this place.1. Cor. 15. 11. The one is, that although we shoulde serue God in all puritie, if he recompense vs, it is not of any duetie he oweth vnto vs. For in deede, from whence commeth this, that wee haue serued him, but from his meere and onely grace? And what then may he owe vs? The other is, that wee shall bee all founde guiltie, when it shall please him to examine vs according to the exact measure of his iustice. So then, in that God recompenseth vs, when wee haue serued him, he doeth this for his mercie and goodnesse, and not that he is bounde vnto vs: Nay, which more is, he must forgeue vs our sinnes, and beare with vs, euen in that which wee doe well. Knowe wee therefore, that GOD sheweth himselfe gentle and liberall towardes vs, in that it pleaseth him to beare with our infirmities, making vs to tast his mercie, where he might of right make vs feele his rigour. For let vs not thinke, but without this mercie wee shoulde all perishe: yea, though we shoulde enforce our selues to obey him, wee shoulde notwithstanding bee alwayes founde faultie, were it not that he would vse this mercie towardes vs, of which he here speaketh: So then this is that whither vnto we must flee for refuge, if we will be assure of our saluation.

[Page] Nowe let vs cast our selues downe, before the face of our good God, with acknowledging of our faultes, praying him that he will make vs feele them better than we haue done, to the end he may lead vs to a true repentance, and that being taught to feare him, we tremble and stand in such awe of him assoone as he shall threaten vs with his anger, wee may conceiue the force thereof, that being humbled therwith we run to his fatherly goodnes, not doubting but that if he hath once begonne to shewe himselfe our father and Sauiour, he will continue it euen after our death, if so be we withdrawe not our selues from him by our wickednesse and rebellion. That it will please him to graunt this grace not onely to vs, but to all peoples and nations, &c.

The. 4. Sermon.

Deut. Chap. 5.‘11 Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vaine, for the Lord will not hold him guiltlesse which shall take his name in vaine.’

IF wee were but well aduised, there were no neede that men should teache vs to beare reuerence vnto God. For nature ought to leade vs herevnto. For to what end are we created? And why liue we in this world, but to do homage to him, to whom we be beholden for all good giftes, and to applie our selues to honour and glorifie his Maiestie? Behold the whole end and summe of this life. But for all this in steede of honouring our God, and applying our whole studies and endeuours herevnto, it seemeth that wee haue conspired the cleane contrarie. For some woulde haue the remembrance of God burried: others despise and mocke him, others with full throate & open mouth blaspheme him, so that we sufficiently declare, that wee knowe not why wee liue or should haue our being. Nowe because there is such a vice in vs, God, to remedie it, sheweth that wee ought likewise to abkeine from abusing his holie name, [Page] for this is as it were to vnhallow it, & therfore he hath forbidden that his name be not taken in vaine. By these wordes we ought diligently to consider, what is the right & lawfull vse of his name. True it is that we are not worthie to take in our mouth the name of the Lord, in what sort soeuer it be, for we must consider of that whiche Esaie speaketh in the. 6. Chap. Lord I am a man of polluted lipps,Esaie. 6. 5. & I dwel in the middest of a people, which is altogether filthie and defiled. Seeing then we haue such filthinesse and vncleanes in vs, it is certeine we can not take the name of God in our mouth, were it not that God of his goodnesse would that we vse his name, so it be to glorifie him withall. Let vs then note well, that when it is said, That we take not the name of God in vaine, that the Lord reproueth vs of vnthankfulnesse, if wee vse not his name, as he hath permitted vs, and folowe not herein the rule which is conteined in his word. For this is the lawfull meane, by which we may vse his name. But to the end that this be yet more clearely vnderstood, we must marke, that God vnder one kind would here shew vs, what maiestie there is in his name, to the end we speake not of it, but with all feare and reuerence. Therefore aboue all other kindes of profaning his name, he taketh the especiall forme of an oth, when any question is of swearing. We see how our Lord loueth vs, in that he lendeth vs his name, to the end we might communicate with our neighbours, & if there were any controuersie and dissention among vs, it might be ended by this meane: namely, that if wee bee not beleued, if any matter were in doubt, the name of God should be brought foorth as Vmpier in the matter to end the controuersie, so as the thing should bee altogether certeine, when it shall haue such a confirmation. Is not this an inestimable goodnesse, that our Lorde abaseth himselfe somuch, as to permitte vs to vse his name? And why? For it is certeine that the maiestie of God is so precious, that it ought not to bee abased so farre: but yet he bouchsafeth to applie himselfe vnto vs. So much greater then is our villanie & wickednes, if wee vnhallowe the name of God in our othes. Nowe this is done, not onely when we are forsworne, but if we take the name of God, in our mouthes rashlie and at randon: when we haue not a regarde to speake thereof in all wisdome and discretion, and consider whether the thing which is in controersie deserueth to bee confirmed in such manner or no: For if we vse it rashlie and foolishlie, behold the name of the Lord is as it were vnhallowed. It is true that God accounteth [Page] it for one kinde of his seruice, when men sweare by his name, not that he is herein bound vnto vs, but altogether the contrarie. For (as I haue alreadie touched) wee ought to perceiue in this thing, howe GOD beareth with vs, when he licenceth vs to vse his name. But yet doe we in swearing confesse that GOD hath all preeminence and superioritie ouer vs. He whiche is inferiour, sweareth by him which is his souereigne & greater,Heb. 6. 16. saith the Apostle to the Hebrewes. And if we knewe to what end an oth serueth, we shall vnderstand, that this can not agree, but onely to the maiestie of God. For by it our meaning is to confirme those thinges which are secret and can haue no other proofe among men. Nowe this can not bee done by any creature, but herein GOD must shew himselfe, for it is he which soundeth the deapth of mens heartes, and herevpon also not without cause he challengeth to him selfe the title of trueth. Wee see then that in swearing we doe homage vnto God, protesting that he is our Iudge, and that it is he vnto whom we ought to haue recourse for things which are doubtfull and hidden, because it is his office to bring them vnto light, and because he will mainteine the truth: for that it apperteineth to his honour and glorie. That is the cause, why GOD reputeth it for one forme of his seruice, when one sweareth by his name: so that it bee not in superfluous and vnnecessarie othes. By this we perceiue, that the fault of them whiche forsweare them selues, or sweare at randon, is so much the more grieuous. For this is as it were to violate the seruice of God, and as much as lieth in vs to bring it to nothing. As for them whiche peruire them selues, they bee not onely culpable of taking the name of GOD in vaine, and of falslie abusing it, but they are rebelles and traitors to the maiestie of GOD. For knowe wee how to worke any greater outrage against GOD, than to abolish his truth? No. For there is nothing more belonging vnto him. So this is as much as if we would plucke him out of his throne, and vtterlie beereue him of all diuine honour and glorie: for this is done, when his truth is turned into a lie.

Whosoeuer therefore forsweareth him selfe, that is to say, whosoeuer taketh the name of GOD in an euill conscience, to colour false thinges, to cloke and disguise an vntruth, to the end he might beguile and deceiue others: let him knowe it for certeintie, that he blasphemeth God in so doing. Now purposelie I say, to disguise an [Page] vntruth. For many dispense wt them selues, because before men they can not be conuicted of periurie. And why? They turne the best side of the coate, they paint and trimme their matters so well, that it shall seeme verie well to men they speake the truth, & are not periured: but GOD alloweth not any such subtilities. Let vs not then thinke to bee acquited and absolued before him, when wee shall haue vsed such policies, such shiftes, and sly practises. And so in summe wee see, that all they which take the name of GOD otherwise than in truth and in simplicitie, blaspheme him. Marke this for one point. Now as for them, whiche sweare rashlie and without cause, they declare sufficientlie, that they make no other account, than to sport them selues with GOD. It is true they protest the contrarie, they will still say their meaning is not such, but this is but hypocrisie. For the effect sufficientlie proueth, that they beare no reuerence vnto God. If a mortall man be heald deare of vs, we take not his name in vaine, we will not that any make a scorne of him, and floute him, and when a matter of plaie and mockerie is proposed, we can not suffer that he be brought in as on the Stage, for wee take this to be to his infamie and discredit. And will we haue a greater priuiledge than the liuing GOD? We are vile carions, and rottenesse it selfe, and yet will wee bee had in honour and estimation? And shall our God in the meane time bee placed beeneath as our vnderling? And thus we see, that there are at this day verie fewe of any religion in the worlde: although many make a shewe and countenaunce of being Christians, that yet not withstanding neuer knew, what it is to worshippe GOD, to doe him homage, or to yeald him the seruice whiche apperteineth vnto him. For howe is this, that the name of GOD runneth in euerie mans mouth? One can not bargaine for the worth of one farthing, without he hath some othe at the end of euerie word. If the honour of GOD were of price among vs, it is certeine, wee would absteine from such superfluitie of othes: whiche more is, it would breede an horrour in vs. But nowe a dayes euerie one maketh a game of it, and when a man is reprehended for swearing, he will thinke he hath great wrong done him.

Nowe, if one shoulde mainteine any matter whiche were not for his profite, he woulde bee much grieued therewith: yea, hee woulde make his complaintes thereof: but if wee [Page] haue the zeale of God to be grieued, when his name shalbe throwne to the ground, see what quarels are made with vs, see on what spite men are set, how they grind their teeth at it. Now when the world is come into such a possession of contemning God, and men haue hardened them selues herein, is not this a signe that his maiestie is not knowen nor regarded? And albeit, men yeald vnto them selues such an outragious libertie vnder this shadowe, that the thing is accustomably vsed, and that of custome is made a lawe: yet will God in the end shewe, that his name is more deare vnto him than men haue had it, and though we sell it good cheape, it shall cost vs deare, and with an ouer vantage: and it shalbe in the end that the lande wherein we haue bene conuersant, which hath bene defiled, and made vncleane by vs, bee raised vp in iudgment against vs. In like manner all the benefites which wee haue receiued, and which God with a liberall hand hath bestowed on vs, shall come into account for our condemnation, for asmuch as we haue not knowen him, which hath bene the author of them, to honor him as he deserueth. Yee see then what we haue first to obserue and note in this place: namelie, that God beareth gratiously with vs, and vseth so great gentlenesse towards vs, as that he is willing and content wee vse his name in thinges lawefull and right: by whiche leaue of his we may sufficientlie knowe, that he is more than a father vnto vs. But withall he warneth vs, to take so much the more diligent heede we absteine from all wicked othes. For as for periuries (as we haue saide) this is a villamous outrage which we doe to God. For in asmuch as his truth is conuerted into a lie: we are falsifiers thereof as much as in vs lieth. Yee see then a mortall and deadlie offence. But this is not enough to keepe our selues from forswearing, but our othes also must be sober, and the name of God must not be tossed vp & downe among vs as a Tennise ball: but it behoueth, that there be some great necessitie which may hold vs excused, when we make mention of it. Now forasmuch as we protest in our othes, that God hath all superioritie ouer vs, by this we may vnderstand, that all the othes which are made by creatures are wicked and intollerable, as proceeding from superstition: as among the Papistes, one will sweare by Saint Anthonie, an other by Saint Iohn, which is asmuch as if one would make idols of them. And why? For wee must always returne backe to that sentence which I haue before alledged of the Apostle, that [Page] we declare God to bee our superiour: yea, our souereigne, when wee sweare by his name. And this is the cause why, when God sweareth, to confirme vs in his promises, or happily to awaken vs when hee seeth vs hardened in our sinnes, and that we stand not in awe of his iudgmentes, he sweareth by himselfe, he reserueth to him selfe this honour,Deut. 6. 13. whereof it shalbe further handled in the ninth Chapter of this booke. And so they which sweare by creatures are idolaters. And for this purpose also, when there is mention made of superstitions, the oths of men are put in as witnesses to conuince them, that they haue turned them selues from the puritie of the lawe. The Pastours, saith Ieremie,Iere. 12. 16. which haue charge to conduct and leade the people, must teach them to sweare by the name of God, that is, that all other othes be laid aside, and that creatures bee not mingled, and brought in, when any thing by othe is to bee confirmed. Moreouer, when it is here spoken of the name of God, let vs note, that we are not onely forbidden to pronounce this woord, but that the substaunce thereof is here considered: for God regardeth the deede. As there are some whiche sweare not expresselie by the name of God, and yet notwithstanding they cease not to offend & transgresse against this commaundement. For we must alwayes haue regard to come to this which our Lord Iesus Christ handleth in the fift Chapter of S.Mat. 5. 34. Mathew. When you sweare by heauen, is not this the throne of the liuing God? If you sweare by his temple, is not this the place where his maiestie abideth? If then we thinke we shall not be accused and condemned, when wee expresse not the name of God in our othes, wee greatlie abuse our selues. Let vs not therefore thinke to deceiue him in this, for the excuse is altogether foolishe and childish. And why? The heauen, beareth it not a marke and token of the maiestie of God? Se then how his glorie is diminished. As much is to be said of the earth, for it is his footestoole, as Christ toucheth in that place whiche I haue alledged. Therefore, so let vs briefly learne, that wee ought to beare such a reuerence to the name of God, that all othes be laid aside and banished from among vs, but as necessitie requireth, when God suffereth vs to borrowe his name. Otherwise let vs folowe this forme of speach, as handling our matters in all simplicitie, to say. Yea, it is so. And let vs knowe, that all whiche is besides this,Mat. 5. 37. is euill & rondenmed by the lawe: namelie, if we take the name of God in vaine. And withall let vs note, that all superfluous othes, [Page] and those in which the name of God is not honoured, as it deserueth, haue in them a double euill. For first, when men let them flie so at all aduentures, it is a signe they scarse make any account what they say: secondlie consider wee from whence this common swearing proceedeth, and wee shall finde that from none other thing, but that men be such liers, so full of falshood and deceite, that when they speake the one to the other, none can beleue that it is true which is said. So then, it must needes bee, that there is in vs great wickednesse, considering that when God hath giuen vs a tongue, it is in part to communicate one with an other: For our tongue is the messenger of our heart, whereby we expresse vnto others what wee haue in our mindes conceiued. Wee may then conclude, that superfluous othes proceede from the disloyaltie and rebellion of men, neither neede wee to make much enquirie, or vse any long processe in this matter: for euerie one hath his owne witnesse. How euer it be, let vs learne to vse in this thing such sobrietie as God commaundeth, and let vs not sweare without great necessitie, and being herevnto required. But to goe on somwhat further in this matter, that all may bee easily vnderstoode: there are some, who thinke that when they sweare by their faith, it is as if they swore not at all. It is true indeed, that the most part sweare nothing, for they haue no more faith than dogges, they haue no conscience, nor religion. But yet this name of faith ceaseth not therefore to be in price before God. For he holdeth it deare, and it is as an hallowed thing vnto him, whiche neither can, neither ought to bee vnhallowed: except wee will bee in greate fault, and incurre the daunger of the threate here made, as we see. So it is not sufficient not to haue pronounced expresselie by God, but when one sweareth by his faith, or taketh any cōfirmation from that which hath any signe of the maiestie of God, his name is vnhallowed in this thing. What shall wee say then of them, whiche vse false othes to disguise their purposes, which sweare rashlie, euen to sport them selues with othes: yea, to despite God by their execrable blasphemies, in so much that he hath neither flesh nor bloud, nor nothing else which they spare? Are these onely holden faultie for abusing the name of God? No, but because they vse him to the greatest and most execrable reproch, that they may doe. Beholde our Lorde Iesus Christ,Phil. 2. 7. which made himselfe of no reputation for a time, (as Saint Paule speaketh) who beeing the founteine of all [Page] life, became mortall man, hauing superioritie & dominion ouer the Angels of Heauen, tooke the forme of a seruant, euen to shedde his bloud for our redemption, and in the end to suffer the curse that was due vnto vs. And nowe for a recompense of all this, hee must at this day bee rent and torne in peeces of the carion and stinking mouthes of them whiche name them selues Christians. For when they sweare by his bloud, and by his death, and by his woundes, and by this, and by that, is not this as much as in them lieth to crucifie the sonne of GOD, and to teare him as it were in pieces? And are not these altogether worthie to bee cut off from God: yea, from the worlde, and not to bee numbered in the band and companie of creatures? Must Iesus Christ for abasing, and humbling himselfe for vs, haue such a reward at our handes?Esaie. 5. 2. God vpbraideth the people of Israel in this sorte, O my people,Ierem, 2. 21. what haue I done vnto thee? I haue brought thee out of Egypt, I haue conducted thee by the desert, I haue nourished thee in all gentlenesse and sweetenesse, I haue planted thee as in my heritage, that thou shouldest haue beene as a vine whiche should haue borne mee good fruite, I bestowed all labour in keeping and fencing thee, and must thou now bee turned into bitternesse vnto mee, and bring foorth sowre fruite to strangle and to choke me? Nowe the same apperteineth also at this day vnto vs. For when the sonne of GOD, whiche is appointed Iudge of the world, shall come in the last day, he may say vnto vs, What meaneth this? You haue borne my name to bee called Christians, you haue bene baptised, in witnesse and testimonie that I was your redeemer: I haue drawen you foorth of the deepe dongeon, wherein you were plunged, I haue deliuered you from euerlasting death, by the cruell death whiche I suffered, and for this cause I beecame man, I sbmitted my selfe to the malediction of GOD my Father, to the end you might bee blessed by my grace, and by my meane. And beholde the rewarde you haue rendered mee. I haue bene rent in pieces of you, I haue beene as a [...]easting stocke, the death whiche I haue snffered hath beene had in derision and mockerie, my bloude whiche is the washing of your soules, was as it were trampled vnder your feete: briefly, you haue taken all occasion to blaspheme and to raile on mee, as if I had bene a wretched and miserable creature. When [Page] When this shalbe rebukefullie told vs of our souereigne Iudge, will not this be to thunder on vs, and to throw vs downe to the bottomles pit of hell? And yet notwithstanding, there are verie fewe of vs, which deeplie consider of this. For if superfluous othes were at this day had in such greate horrour and detestation, as they should bee, men would not yeald vnto them selues any time hereafter such an outragious boldnesse and libertie of swearing and forswearing. As for blasphemies, see wee not how common and rife they are? And in the meane time wee wilbe verie zealous for our owne honour and reputation, when the name of God is so troden vnder feete amongest vs. If one speake any thing reprochfullie of ones father, he will make a greate quarell of it, or enter some action of slaunder: yea, many will reuenge them selues by their owne handes, and by all meanes they may on euerie side: and it seemeth to them, that they haue an honest excuse to take vppon them the defence of their fathers. Beholde our souereigne father shall susteine wrong and iniurie, beholde in like manner our Lorde Iesus Christ, who not without cause is named The Lord of glorie, before whom euerie knee ought to bow,1. Cor. 2. 8. as Saint Paule speaketh to the Philippians,Phil. 2. 10. loe he (I say) shalbe mocked, than whiche despite none could bee wrought him greater, except a man would spitte in his face: and yet notwithstanding, they whiche name them selues Christians, whiche make a countenaunce of procuring and mainteining his honour, will not bee moued any whitte therewith: nay, they them selues will bee the men, whiche will blaspheme him in most execrable manner: But for all this (as I haue said) our Lorde will not cease to mainteine his owne honour, as he himselfe speaketh, when he seeth that men are so wicked and profane, so to violate his maiestie, as much as lieth in them. For he maketh a solemne othe, that he will wreake his vengeaunce vppon them for this wickednesse. I am the Lorde (saith hee,) this is my name,Esaie. 42. 8. and my glorie I will not geue to an other, neither my praise to grauen images. Now, as he will not that his honour bee transferred to idols, so is it certeine it extendeth it selfe further: namelie, that if men shall falsly abuse his holy name, they shall perceiue in what price it was vnto him. And therefore let vs not waite vntill this bee accomplished vppon vs, but let vs learne to beare such reuerence vnto our God, and to him that hath all souereigne maiestie, that is, to our Lord Iesus Christ, that we be throughlie instructed to [Page] sweare in such sorte, that this be alwayes to confirme, that it is he by whome we are, that he is our Father, our Creatour, & our Iudge. Thus ye se in effect, what we haue to gather of this place. Now here is withall anuexed a threatening, whereby we are to vnderstand the blockishnes of men, how Sathan hath as it were bewitched them in such sorte, that they conceiue not the wrath and anger of God, when it is set before them. I will not hold him guiltlesse, which shall take my name in vaine. Loe God, who speaketh. I pray you, ought not all the haires of the heades of them stand on end, which blaspheme God so wickedly and villainously, as I haue saide? When one sweareth lightelie by his faith, behold God who is armed, and saith, For as much as thou hast not honored mee, thou shalt geue an account for such trecherie: God can not beare with vs for a simple lie: if one periure him selfe, this is much worse: if an other blaspheme: herein is the extremitie and furthest degree of all euill, when wee openlie despite God, as if wee would arme our selues against him, and strike him with some deadlie wounde. Nowe, if after this, one thinke not of this punishment which hangeth ouer, and is readie to fall vppon them, which so haue falsified the name of God, or haue dishonored him, must we not needes say, that this proceedeth of some beastlie dronkennesse, and that men are altogether without sense, and vnderstanding: and that Sathan hath altogether blinded them? Alas yes: & yet notwithstanding, this thing is so common, as nothing more. If some maister should say in his house, I will bee obeyed in all thinges: but loe, one thing whiche I desire aboue all to bee done, and I will not suffer any one to faile herein, but I will put him out of my seruice, or I will correct and chastise him as he deserueth: If some maister (I say) should geue such a charge of some one thing, although in the rest a seruant would not bee ouer diligent, yet in this would he haue some feare. Now behold God curseth them whiche transgresse and offend against his lawe in any article. Cursed be he which honoreth not his father & mother, Cursed be he which stealeth, Cursed be he which committeth adulterie, Cursed be he which obserueth not all the thinges which are conteined in the lawe. But here, by some specialtie, hee manaceth a generall threate on them whiche shall abuse the name of GOD. By this hee declareth, that although he will that wee obserue his lawe, in all pointes, and that our life bee ordered thereby, notwithstanding he reserueth [Page] this article to this place, as if he would his name should haue an especiall priuiledge. Nowe if for all that, this threatning slip out of our minde, and that wee consider not of it, and that it staieth vs not, but we ventur still ouer boldly to sport our selues so with God, and his maiestie, must it not needes bee saide, (as I haue alreadie touched,) that the diuell hath carried vs away headlong, & beereaued vs of all sense and reason? Yet if this threatning awake vs not at this day, wee shall in the end knowe that God hath not published his warnings in vaine. Let vs therefore learne to bee touched to the quicke, when God so preciselie setteth himselfe against vs, and protesteth that he will bee aduersarie partie to them, whiche haue abused his name. For let vs consider what it shall cost vs, if wee absteine not from rash and superfluous othes, and aboue all, from blasphemous periuries. Now the greatest excuse they haue which would diminish their faultes, is this, that they can not choose, but sweare: because they haue bene so accustomed therevnto. O seelie and miserable excuse. And yet see how if euerie one woulde bee his owne iudge, and speake the truth, it is certeine he might verie soone forget his othes. For when question is of taking the name of God, if one would well consider of the thing, and take good heed thereof, he would not take it without great reuerence. And when one shoulde come to sweare in iudgement, he shoulde haue there as present the maiestie of God, he should behold him as iudge, when he calleth him to witnesse. This might verie well be done. But what? Our tongue is so lauish, that we vtterlie despise and sette at naught the name of God, as I haue alreadie said, howe euer a man crie and call on vs for the contrarie, and hammer vs neuer so much with warnings. For in verie deede, the warninges and admonitions, which for this abuse are made in holie scripture, are as great strokes of maules & hammers where with God striketh vs, and yet we continue still the same we were, and the name of God hath no greater honor and maiestie among vs, than it had before, when we were in ignorance, & wanted the admonitions conteined in the word of God. Howbeit they which haue any vnderstanding & feeling of his name, ought well to weigh, and consider that which is here said. And withall (as I haue declared) when we haue bene warned of this, whereof we haue before considered: namelie, that he which speaketh is the euerliuing, and our Creatour, that it is he whiche hath redeemed vs, and declared him [Page] selfe more than a father and sauiour towards vs, if this remaine well imprinted in our memorie, it is certeine wee shall easily forgette all othes. But if wee followe on still our wickednesse herein, that whiche is said to the Prophete Zacharie,Zach. 12. 1 [...]. shalbe fulfilled vppon vs, that is to witte this: They shall feele him whom they haue pearced: that is to say, him whom they haue wounded. For though men flatter one another, & make their othes but a laughing game, & thinke that this shall easily be pardoned them, God ceaseth not to be wounded, & he will in the end shew, that he ought not so to haue bene set on, & warred against. Moreouer, we haue to note, that God would in this place by one speciall kind of abuse, shew briefly what reuerence we ought to beare generallie to his name. It is true that in expresse words here is mention made of othes, but yet this doctrine ought to bee further extended: namelie, that when we thinke on God, or speake of him, we doe it with all reuerence, that we be awakened, not onely to honour & praise him aboue all, but to haue a feeling of his inestimable glorie, before whiche the Angels tremble, that wee whiche are poore and fraile creatures, as nothing more, may at least doe homage to the souereigne maiestie of our God, when soeuer mention is made thereof. Beholde one point whiche we ought well to obserue in this sentence. True it is, that this doctrine is easie of it selfe, but yet obscure vnto vs, because it is so euill practised. When wee thinke of GOD, what vaine thoughtes come into our head? Our nature verilie is much enclined herevnto, as wee are full fraughted and stuffed with fansies and lies, and there is nothing but darknesse in vs. But when men nourish in them selues those euill and wicked fantasies, whiche they conceiue against the honour of GOD: this declareth that they haue conspired and made an agrement together with the diuell. And yet how many are there which take care for this, when there shall arise in them any wicked fansie, or such thoughts and imaginations which in their conscience they knowe to be wicked, & against the glorie of God, to represse & keepe them vnder? Who vse any forcing of them selues to resist them? Nay rather men take pleasure in them, and bath them selues with muche delight in such imaginations. And when the minde, that is, the vnderstanding of men, is so defiled, the rest is easilie corrupted. And that this is so, consider we by our woordes which followe. For howe speake wee of God for the most part? What opinions hold wee of him? It seemeth [Page] men seeke nothing more busilie, than to bee altogether corrupted. There needeth but little leuen, to leuen the whole lump of dough, saith S. Paule,1. Cor. 5. 6. handling the same matter of wicked speaches, which defile and infect vs with euill vices.Gal. 5. 9. Now that of other is the worst, when men speake of God in mockerie, when one will scorne & sloute him, when one maketh a iest of him, not only after a fashion fond and vaine, but villainous and execrable: Is not this euen of purpose and wilfull malice to violate the maiestie of God? And yet notwithstanding this is done, and commonlie vsed, so that there shall scarse bee any long discourse made, or great matter mainteined, which hath not I knowe not what intermingled, whereby God shalbe contemned & set at naught. Shew we not then hereby, that we neuer knew aright what it is to worshippe him? Well, wee shall say euerie day, Thy name be hallowed, but we doe all the contrarie. Shall there then any other sentence of condemnation light on our heades than that? When wee come to the Church, wee will confesse with our mouthes, that wee desire that the name of GOD bee mainteined in his due honour: wee will say as much at the table, and euerie one, when hee riseth and laieth him downe to sleepe: (I speake of them which are not altogether brutishe, for there are some whiche knowe not what it meaneth to make prayer vnto GOD:) But they whiche shall haue so much honestie as to pray vnto God, they shall well say with the mouth, Thy name be sanctified, but this is scarse gone from the tip of their tongue, and beholde a false othe in their mouth, and they will tosse the name of GOD hither and thither. And whither tendeth his wickednesse, but to the violating of the maiestie of GOD, and to the despiting of him, as if we would giue him a blowe with a dagger, or spit in his face? And (as I haue said) there needeth no other Iudge to condemne vs in our false othes than this protestation whiche wee make; when wee desire of GOD, that he will mainteine the holinesse of his name. And yet in the meane time, wee seeke to deface it as much as lieth in vs. Nowe it resteth that wee must speake of the maiestie of GOD in all reuerence, especiallie, when wee talke of his woorkes. As howe? When wee speake of the time, whether he sendeth faire weather, or raine, [...]oe these are markes of the maiestie of GOD. If he sende vs contrarie seasons, bee sheweth him selfe as a Iudge, to [Page] the ende to make vs feele his wrath and indignation, that wee might enter into the examination of our sinnes, to bewaile them, and to bee led to repentaunce. Now, if in steade of humbling our selues before God, and hauing a displeasure with our selues for our offences, wee are wayward and ouerthwart, (as we see that some men are woont despitefully to say, And must this season continue in this sorte, and thus long?) and haue not recourse to our God, beseeching him to pardon our faultes, this shall be to take the name of God in vaine. As much is to be said of all the rest. I bring this example onely to shew, that when we are to speake of the workes of God, it behooueth that either we perceiue him to be a Father in his goodnes, or feele him to be a Iudge in his rigour and seueritie. Therfore when God shall doe thinges which shall not fall out to our mind, and which shall be contrarie to our wishes and desires, let vs know that he grieueth and chastiseth vs, to the ende we should enter into the acknowledging of our sinnes, to condemne them, and to be displeased with them. If then we glorifie not God in this thing, we vnhallow his holy name. And againe, when God on the contrarie side draweth vs to himselfe in all gentlenes, as a louing and pitifull father, this is to the ende we be led vnto him, and that we honour him so much the more. And if our vnthankefulnes is to be condemned for not honouring him in the first worde which he shall haue spoken, what shall be said when we shall be vpbraided of all these thinges, that by all the wayes GOD shall haue sought to drawe and allure vs, he might winne vs to himselfe by none? But contrariwise, we shall haue shewed our selues contemners of his maiestie, and shall haue troden his workes vnder our feete, or shall haue cast downe the groine as hogges, and repine against him, I pray you shall not this be an horrible condemnation if we be condemned hereof? Now, although God hath imprinted some marke of his maiestie in all his workes, and that he ought to be knowen of vs in raine, in faire weather, in heate, in colde: briefly, in all the order of nature, yet hath he especially imprinted his marke in his worde. True it is, that this is an intollerable and inexcusable vice, when we reknowledge not God in the benefites which he hath bestowed on vs. We hold our life of him, that is, in him we liue, (as S. Paule speaketh)Acts. 17. 28. so that if we haue not a remembraunce of God in all his benefites: this is already a wonderfull vnthankefulnes. But (as I haue aboue said) God aboue all would imprint his marke [Page] in his word. Let vs behold the heauen and the earth, and we shall see God declared fully in them. For what is this worlde, but a liuely image (as S. Paule speaketh)Rom. 1. 20. in the which God sheweth and declareth himselfe? For albeit he be inuisible in his essence, yet sheweth he himselfe by his workes, to the end we should worship him. But when we come to the holy scripture, in it shall we see an image wherin God openeth and declareth himselfe much more plainly & in more familiar wise vnto vs, than he doth either in the heauen, or in the earth: in such sort, that neither Sunne nor Moone, although they geue light vnto the world, do so set forth the maiestie of God, as do the Law, the Prophets, & the Gospell. Now for all this, how speake men of the scriptures? With what wicked boldnes and presumption? Do not men I pray you at this day geue themselues to lawlesse libertie, to speake of the word of God according to their owne fantasies? And when men enter into a dispute of the holy scriptures ouer the pot, in tauernes and alehouses, is there any question of humbling our selues vnder it, and that all knowing their owne rudenes and infirmitie, desire of God his holy spirit, to the end, his secrets and mysteries be handled of vs as it behoueth? No, but these disputes are as in way of mockerie to sport our selues. And by this a man may see, more than were to be wished, how few there be truly religious & godly in the world. We see some make themselues game with the scripture, drawing it into Prouerbiall sentences to moue laughter, that they make no other account than to iest and play with it, as if it were but a nose of waxe, which one may fashion as he listeth, and turne any way it should seeme good vnto him. Others are in their wandring and flitting opinions, reasoning why this, and why that? And when we come to the high mysteries of God, if they mislike vs, we could wish that all were put out and abolished. And this is all one, as if we would plucke God out of heauen. So then let vs learne, that aboue all, God commendeth vnto vs the honour and authoritie of his word, as if he did say, I will that you receiue all that which is conteined in the holy scripture, that is in my word, with all humilitie & reuerence. I will that you yeld your selues tractable, although that which is there said, agree not with your sense and reason, and that you could wish I had spoken after your, maner and fashion. I will you do me this honour, as to imprison all your senses, and submit your vnderstanding to my word, and to say: Lord we are thy disciples, we receiue [Page] without gainsaying whatsoeuer it hath pleased thee to teach vs, knowing that it is for our profite and saluation. Without exception therfore, let all that which is comprised in the holy scripture, be receiued with reuerence, and when any question is of the holy mysteries of God, let vs not geue iudgement according to our owne wit and vnderstanding. And albeit the thinges be not conuenient and agreeable with our reason, let vs notwithstanding be held backe in a short bridle, that God may alwaies haue his whole entire authoritie ouer vs, and his worde a full course and libertie. And when we read the holy scriptures, when we come to the Sermons, let vs alwayes beare in minde to say, Behold our God declareth himselfe vnto vs: he sitteth as our Iudge, we are not to make toyes and gambaldes of those things he shall speake. As we see, many will come to the Sermon: But what? They haue their hearts empoisoned against God and his word, so that they can carie nothing thence which they peruert not with their wickednesse: yea, they will be further enuenomed to spue forth their blasphemies at table or els where, when men shall speake any thing to their lust and appetite. Loe how these men honour & sanctifie the name of God. Let vs learne then, that whether we read the holy scripture, or heare it handled in a Sermon, to haue alwayes the name of God in reuerence, and to yeld vnto him such maiestie, that we tremble when one speaketh vnto vs hereof. And aboue all, when his word is preached,Esay. 66. 2. as God speaketh by his Prophet Esaie. For let vs know, that so we shall declare our selues, not onely by wordes, but also by our deedes, that we are his true faithfull ones, and he shall take and auowe vs for his people, and shall gather vs in the end into the inheritance of the kingdome of heauen.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our good God, with at knowledging of our faultes, praying him that it will please him not to impute those we haue alreadie committed, vnto vs: but that it will please him to reforme vs in such sort vnto himselfe, that we desire no other thing than to honour him, and to dedicate our selues vnto his seruice, to the end he may dwel among vs, and that our Lord Iesus Christ may reigne in vs both by his holy spirit & by his word, and so let vs say, Almightie God and heauenlie father, &c.

The. 5. Sermon.

[Page]

Deut. Chap. 5.

12 Keepe the Sabbaoth day to sanctifie it, as the Lord thy God hath commaunded thee.

13 Sixe dayes thou shalt labour, and shalt do all thy worke:

14 But the seuenth day is the Sabbaoth of the Lorde thy God, thou shalt not do any worke therein, thou, nor thy sonne, nor thy daughter, nor thy manseruant, nor thy maide, nor thine oxe, nor thine asse, neither any of thy cattell, nor the straunger that is within thy gates, that thy manseruaunt and thy maide, may rest as well as thou.

AFter that it hath bene spoken of the pure and sincere worship of God, of seruing him, and glorifying his name, without vaine taking of it, either in othes, or other thinges, but reuerently, and to the honour of God: now here is mention made of the seruice of GOD, according to that he hath required in his law, touching the order he appointed for the exercise of the faithfull. As the Sabbaoth day, or day of rest was in part a figure, to declare, that men could not rightly serue God but by mortifying all that which is of their owne nature, and afterward by dedicating themselues in such sorte vnto him, as if they were wholy separated from the world. Secondly, the day of rest had this ceremonious vse, to cause the people to assemble together, to heare the lawe, & to call on the name of God, to offer their sacrifices, and to do all that which should concerne spirituall order and policie. We see then now in what sort mention is made of the Sabbaoth day. But this cannot be well & sufficiently vnderstoode without some plainer and more distinct handling: namely, except both these parties should particularly be intreated. We haue therfore first to note, that the Sabbaoth day was a shadowe vnder the law, vntill the comming of Christ, to signifie, that God will that men rest themselues from their owne workes. And this is that [Page] which I haue said in a worde, that we must mortifie our whole nature, if we will be conformable to our God. And that this is so, S. Paule hath also declared.Col. 2. 17. Yea besides, we haue sufficient testimonie hereof in the new testament. But it shall suffice to haue alledged him at this time, which speaketh more fully hereof: namely, to the Colossians: when he saith, That we haue the substaunce and the body of those thinges which were shadowed vnder the lawe. We haue it (saith he) in Christ. And therfore it was expedient, that the auncient fathers should be exercised in this hope, as well by the Sabbaoth day, as by other ceremonies. But [...]ithence the thing is now giuen vs, we ought not to stay our selues on these shadowes. True it is, that the law is so abolished, that yet we ought to keepe the substaunce and truth thereof. As for the shadowes and figures, they are done away by the comming of Christ. If one demaund how the auncient fathers knew of this sense and meaning? Moses hath made declaration hereof, as it is sufficiently shewed in the booke of Exodus. For God, after he had published his law in the 20.Exod. 20. 13. 17. Chap. he reuealeth it to Moses, and declareth to what ende this serueth, and saith, That he hath ordeined the Sabbaoth day, as a signe, that the people of Israel should be sanctified vnto him. This is (saith he) the marke of my sanctification, which I haue iustified among you. Now when the scripture speaketh of our being sanctified vnto God, it is to separate vs from all that which is contrarie to his worship and seruice. But where shall one finde such puritie? We are in the world, & we know that in the world there is nothing but peruersenes and wickednes (as saith S. Iohn in his Canonicall epistle.)1. Iohn. 5. 19. Yea men neede not goe forth of themselues to haue battell with God and his iustice. For all our senses and reason, and all our affections (as saith S. Paul to the Romanes) are enimies against God.Rom. 8. 7. When men loose the bridle to their thoughts and imaginations, to their desires and lustes, then make they open battell with God. And we are not ignorant of that which is declared in the sixt of Genesis,Gen. 6. 5. That all that which man can thinke and imagine, is nothing but euill continually: and all that which man forgeth in himselfe, & frameth in his owne shop, is vntoward and corrupt before God. So then we see well, that we cannot be sanctified before our God: that is to say, we cannot serue him in holines and purenes, being not yet separated from that vncleannes, and those defilings, which are contrarie therevnto, & not hauing first [Page] abolished al that which is of our own nature. It behoued then that this should be represented in a figure to the ancient fathers, for that Christ was not yet fullie reuealed vnto them. But at this day we haue in Iesus Christ the accomplishment & the performance of all thinges. In this wise s. Paul speaketh of the old man,Rom. 6. 6. vnderstāding by this word, al that which we haue of Adam, that it ought to die, & be eleane abolished: namely, not the nature of our body or of our soule, but the malice which is within vs, & the blindnes which maketh vs erre, the lustes & euil desires which are altogether rebellious to the iustice of God. It behoueth that all this, in as much as it is drawn frō Adam, be beaten down, & cleane taken away. And how is this done? This is not by our own industrie & labor,1. Cor. 15. 3. but Iesus Christ dying for vs, and to wipe out our sinnes,Rom. 6. 4. 5. that they might be no more imputed vnto vs, hath gotten vnto vs also this prerogatiue, that by the vertue & power of his holy spirit, we might renounce the world & our selues in such sort, that our carnal affectiōs to more reigne in vs. And albeit they be ful of rebellion, yet notwithstanding shall the Spirite of God beare rule euer them, to represse them, and to hold them backe as it were with a bridle. Therfore it is said, That we are raised with him: And S. Paule declareth the same also in the Chap. which I haue alreadie recited to the Colossians.Col. 2. 12. Now this was not yet manifested vnder the lawe. It behoued therfore that the fathers which liued in that time, should haue some aide herein, as they had the sacrifices, which nourished them in the hope of the death of Christ, to the end they should know, that their sinnes were purged by the bloud of this Mediator. So had they also the Sabbaoth day for a testimonie & witnes, that the grace was obteined vs to mortifie our thoughts & affections, to the end that God might liue in vs by the vertue of his holy spirit. Now we haue some entrance to the vnderstanding of this which hath bene shortly touched: namely, that the Sabbaoth day was as a figure to represent this which in very deed hath bene accomplished at the cōming of our Lord Iesus Christ. And so let vs note that the Sabbaoth day extendeth it selfe to the whole seruice of God, to declare that men could not purelie & sincerely honour him, but by renouncing of themselues, and by being separated from the defilements of the world, & of their owne flesh.Ezech. 20. 13. 16. And for this cause the prophet Ezech. reproueth the Iewes that they kept not the Sabbaoth. For this is said vnto them as if they had in general brokē the whole law, & not without cause. For he which setteth at naught the Sabbaoth day, hath cast vnder foote all the seruice [Page] of God as much as in him is.Esay. 56. 3. 2. 6. And if the Sabbaoth day be not obserued, all the rest shalbe worth nothing, as is spoken to the prophet Esay, That men must bereaue themselues of their own proper vertues, that they must humble themselues: otherwise, that this is not the rest of the Lord, which is agreable to him, or allowed of him. By this we perceiue, that it auaileth nothing to kepe the ceremonie only. For albeit the Iewes had well obserued the ceremonie, albeit they should haue assembled themselues together on the Sabbaoth day wtout putting a finger to their houshold affaires, & yet in the meane time should nourish in themselues their wicked thoughts & affections, & after put them in practise: this would haue bene but a mere mocking of God, an abusing of his name, a defacing & peruerting of the whole order he had instituted, as he also reprocheth thē. For the principal point was to haue respect to the truth of the figure: namely, to the spiritual seruice of God. And yet notwithstanding it behoued also, that the Iewes should kepe the ceremonie, which was cōmanded them. For God held them in this bridle, as not content that they should haue only the substance of things, but also the shadowes & figures of them, vntil the cō ming of Iesus Christ. Now hereby vnderstand that which S. Paule saith, That now we are not tied vnto this bondage of the auncient fathers, to obserue in this sort the Sabbaoth day. For we must do this honor to our lord Iesus Christ, that we cōtent our selues wt that which he hath brought to vs in his owne person, without reteining any longer that which was exterior & ceremonious vnder the law. Now thē it is easie to gather how this obseruation perteineth vnto vs at this day. Touching the ceremonie (as I haue said) it is past & done away. We must then come to the substance, that is, that to the end we may serue God well & sincerelie, we learne to withdraw our selues frō all our owne wils, & all our euil thoughtes & affections. And why? For otherwise whē we will serue God, we marre all. It behoueth therfore that all our own wisdom be laid aside, & that we heare God speake, not folowing our own wisdom & fantasies. Thus ye see the beginning & first step to the right obseruing of the Sabbaoth day, as we ought: namely, not to trust to that which we think & imagine to be good. For we must rest. And how rest? For sooth we must abide stil & quiet. Our thoughts must not stir to wāder & deuise this & that. We must (I say) remain quiet in the obedience of our God. And when we shal be pricked & stirred vp by our lustes,Rom. 8. 7. let vs call to minde that these are enimies against God, & that all our affections are wicked & rebellious. [Page] We must then quietly rest in that behalfe, and yelde our selues ouer vnto God, to the end that he onely may worke in vs, that he may conduct and gouerne vs by his holy spirite. By this we see, that GOD hath omitted nothing, when he appointed the Sabbaoth day. For if it extend so farre as vnto his whole seruice, what is wanting vnto vs for a perfect doctrine of sanctimonie and holinesse? Seeing then we haue the holy ghost which preseuteth vnto vs all that which is requisite, there is no further questiō, but of walking holily in the obedience of our God. And how is this done? Verily, when with all reuerence and humilitie we receiue his holy worde, seeking to conforme our selues vnto his iustice. But because all that which is of our owne, is contrarie herevnto, we must begin at this end: namely, to renounce our selues. When this shalbe done, haue we not all that which is requisite for the seruice of God? But this is very hardly done, and therfore let vs take the more diligent heed to awaken and stirre vp our selues, when we heare that God commaundeth vs to obserue the Sabbaoth day, knowing that this is not in sporting our selues, but that we ought herein to vse force with our selues, considering that for all our life we shall haue well profited, if we come to obserue this day of rest, that is to wit, by renouncing all that which is of our owne, and by dedicating our selues wholy vnto our God. And by so much the more ought we to be inflamed to obserue spiritually this rest of the Lord, seing we are franchised from this seruile subiection of the lawe, and that God hath geuen vnto vs a greater priuiledge, than vnto the auncient fathers: in as much as he is contented that we bee mortified in our olde man, to be renewed by his holy spirite, so that we are no more bound to the obseruing of that ceremonie which was so streightly kept vnder the lawe. Therfore when God handleth vs so louingly, this bindeth vs so much the more to haue respect vnto the principall, to the ende we may duely obserue it. And we may not alledge that the auncient fathers haue had the ceremonie to stirre them vp, and that this serued as a spurre to pricke them forward, for we haue much more than the outward and exteriour signe: for our Lord Iesus Christ is appeared,Col. 2. 17. that in him all this which hath bene figured vnder a shadow might be fulfilled. Wherfore we are not to desire these smaller thinges which haue bene vnder the lawe. Ye see then how this which hath bene ordeined concerning the Sabbaoth day, is accomplished at this day touching the truth of the figure, wherof the [Page] fathers had a sight vnder a shadowe. And in deed wee must note, that this which was commaunded of the Sabbaoth day, is common & belonging vnto ve, as well as vnto them. For let vs take the lawe of God as it is in it selfe, and we shall haue a perpetuall rule of iustice, seeing it is most certeine, that vnder the ten commandements, God would geue a rule which should endure for euer. So let vs not thinke that this which Moses reciteth touching the Sabbaoth day, is superfluous, and not apperteining to vs. Not that the figure yet abideth, but we haue the truth thereof.Heb. 4. 10. See to this purpose why the Apostle applieth to the instruction of Christians, and of the new Church, this which is said of the Sabbaoth day. For he declareth that we ought to conforme our selues vnto our God, and that this is our full and perfect felicitie. So, for asmuch as the chiefe happinesse of man consisteth in this, that he was created to the image of God, what ought we now sithence this image is defaced & blotted out by sume, but to studie to renew and repaire it? See then how me ought to march on forward to our perfection: namely, that in conforming our selues to our God, and to his will, we enquire and seeke after his workes, to the ende to endeuour to do the like. Let vs know therfore that at this day, to the end we may the better serue God, our duetie is, to bestowe all the paines we are able, to tread vnder our owne thoughts and affections, that God may reigne and beare rule in vs, that he may guide & gouerne vs by his holy spirite. And so all hypocrites may well maske and disguise themselues, they may well paint their doings, and shew faire countenances: yet neuerthelesse, as long as their wicked lusts shall be closed vp, and hid in their hearts, as long as they shall be full of enuie, of rancors, of ambition, of crueltie, or of deceit, it is certeine they shall doe nothing els but violate the Sabbaoth day, or day of rest. And therefore we may conclude, that they peruert all the seruice of God, according to that we haue alreadie alledged out of Ezechiel: and as it is also spoken hereof in Ieremie. And marke we why the ceremonie was so streight vnder the lawe. Thinke we that God euer tooke pleasure in the idlenesse of men? Certeine it is he hath not. And yet he punished as greuously him which brake the day of rest to labour therein, as if he had murdered a man. And why so? It seemeth that it is extreme crueltie, that for gathering of stickes on the Sabbaoth day a man must die, as if he did commit murder.Num. 15. 32. Yet the Lord condemneth him to death which gathered stickes in [Page] the Sabbaoth day. And why? Because that vnder this figure was comprehended the whole seruice of God.Iere. 17. 21. And see why in Ieremie it is said, that they haue carried burthens on the Sabbaoth day. And why? It seemeth that God stayeth himselfe to much on a trifling and childish thing, but he hath respect vnto this which was signified by the Sabbaoth day. And therefore when it was so neglected of the Iewes, this was as open sacriledge, whereby they did declare that the whole lawe was of small account amongest them. So then, to come to our selues, forasmuch as at this day we haue not this figure so precise, and so streight, but that God hath geuen vs a greater libertie, obteined vnto vs by the death and passion of our Lorde Iesus Christ, let vs learne with all diligence to bequest our selues vnto him, and to knowe (as I haue alreadie touched) that how fairelie so euer we shall haue trauelled in all the rest, it shall bee to small purpose, except our affections bee helde brideled, and that wee bestowe all our paines to renounce and take leaue of our lustes and desires in such sorte, that GOD alone may rule and gouerne vs, and that we may protest that we desire nothing els, but to rest and repose our selues on him. And see how God proposeth himselfe for an example. For he is not onelie content to commaund men to rest, but hee hath also shewed them the way hereto.Gen. 2. 2. For after hee had created the worlde, and all therein conteined, be rested: not that hee was wearie or needed any rest, but this was to leade vs to beholde his workes, and that staying our selues thereon, we might be fashioned vnto him. Will wee then obserue the spirituall rest? Euen as it is said, that hee ceased from all his workes. So must wee also bee quiet and still, leauing to doe that shall seeme good vnto vs, and which our owne nature desireth. If this example of GOD stirre vs not vp, wee declare sufficiently, that wee seeke not to obey him, and by this meanes wee searche not after, in any respect, the true felicitie, but desire willingly to abide in our pouertie and wretchednesse. The souereigne goodnesse and chiefe felicitie of men (as I haue saide) is this, that they cleaue vnto their GOD. Beholde, our Lorde calleth vs to himselfe, and sheweth, that wee can haue no true and holie coniunction with him, but by resting our selues from our owne workes. So then, if wee bee still flitting in our fansies, if wee labour hande and foote to put that in practise [Page] which shall seeme good vnto vs, it is certeine, this is as if we would breake the bondes which lincke GOD and vs together, and withdrawe our selues from him as much as in vs lieth. And by this may not a man see, that we desire nothing els, but to bee set forth as a prey vnto Sathan, who driueth vs on headlong, and maketh vs to wander, forasmuch as we remaine no longer vnder the garde and protection of our GOD? But what? Few there are, which consider of this aright. Wee see the libertie euerie man yealdeth vnto himselfe. When one warneth a man, that hee ought not to walke after his owne heartes lust: What? I knowe (will hee saie) howe I ought to rule my selfe. Verilie, a man knoweth not how to despite GOD in more open manner, than by such a rebellion. This is as much, as if wee would saie, that wee will not that GOD haue any superioritie ouer vs. It is true, men will not openly protest this, but the matter is so. For (as I haue alreadie saide) there is no true worship, except wee hence take our beginning, to withdrawe our selues from our owne lustes and affections.

Now then, when men will bee so wise in their owne conceite, when they put such confidence in their owne witte and reason, when they geue themselues all libertie to doe what so euer seemeth them good, when they followe their owne affections and fansies, when they will take no paine to represse them: Nay, are grieued when any woulde daunte and tame them, it is a sure signe, they neuer knewe wherein consisteth the true worship of GOD, neuer vnderstoode the chiefe and principall pointe of the lawe. And so let vs note well, that when GOD alledgeth his owne example, it is to allure vs with all mildenesse and gentlenesse to the obseruation of the lawe, and keeping of this spirituall rest. And withall let vs note (as I haue alreadie touched) that wee are wretched and miserable, when we are separated and remoued from him. And behold the bonde of our coniunction: namely, that drawing neere to his truth and religion, wee suffer our selues to bee guided and gouerned by him. Nowe a man may demaund, for what cause the Iewes were commaunded to rest onely the seuenth day: for wee ought not for one day in the weeke renounce our lustes and affections, but wee must continue in that minde [Page] all the time of our life. Briefly, the rest which the Lord commaundeth is perpetuall, and without any ceasing or intermission. How then is it, that he hath chosen one onely day in the weeke? It was to shewe, that when we shall haue applied all our studies to abandon our false opinions; our wicked concupiscences, all that which procedeth from our peruerse and corrupt nature, that yet we cannot come fullie to this, vntill we be wholy ridde of our flesh. In deed, the faithfull ought their whole life time to obserue the Sabbaoth day, they ought to geue ouer their owne desires, forsake their owne workes, seeke to offer vp themselues wholy to God in all humilitie, to order themselues after his will, they ought to continue in his obedience: (I say) wee must do so: or otherwise, all the seruice we shall do vnto God, is but feignednesse & hypocrisie: and as for him, he will disallow and reiect it. Neuerthelesse, we cannot acquite our selues wholy in this, to renounce our affections in such sorte,Gal. 6. 14. that there be no blame found in vs. Saint Paule glorifieth in this, that the world was crucified vnto him, and he vnto the world. Yet in the meane time, he ceaseth not to say, that the flesh fighteth with the spirite,Rom. 7. 19. and haue no agreement together: yea, he confesseth also in the seuenth to the Romanes, that he alwayes perceiued in himselfe this strife, that he did not the good which he would: that is to say, he accomplished it not with so feruent a desire, neither was he so resolued to walke according vnto God, but that he had alwayes many stoppes and hinderaunces to stay him in such sort, that he seemed to halte, in stead of strong and vpright running. Sithence then it is so, let vs note, that not without cause God ordeined the seuenth day for the Sabbaoth day, signifying thereby, that we cannot neither in one day, neither in one moneth, come to this perfection of sanctimonie and holinesse which he requireth of vs. And why? Because that when we shall haue manfully fought against the lustes and affections of our flesh, against our euil thoughts and desires: yet shall there be alwayes a residue and remnant in vs, vntill we be fullie ioyned and associated with our GOD, and that he hath gathered vs into his heauenlie kingdome. Vntill that time, there shall be alwayes some temptations in vs, there shall bee alwayes some troubles, some vnquietnesse, we shall alwayes feele (I meane those which seek to please God) that we are yet subiect to many temptations, and that there remaine in our nature many prickes, by the which we are stirred vp and prouoked to this and to that. [Page] And are not these so many lets to hinder the spirituall rest? If a man did repose himselfe and rest so in God as he should do: he should conceiue nothing in his fantasie which might turne him from the right way, he should haue in him no euill affections or desires. All these thinges should be farre from him. Therfore, when we conceiue so many wicked fantasies, loe, Sathan commeth to assaile and to shake vs with so many disquietings. When we shall haue thought to doe well, there arise some thinges in our minde which tickle and flatter vs: and so albeit we hate that which is euill, yet by such temptations we are prouoked to pursue after, and to follow it. And by this a man may see, that it is no easie thing to be without all wicked concupiscences, and to cast them off, so that they beare no rule at all in vs. So then let vs continually follow this studie and desire of celebrating the spirituall rest of God, because we shall not come to the perfection thereof, vntill the end of our life. Now hereby we are admonished of two thinges: The one is, that we be in displeasure with our selues, and mourne perpetually for our sinnes. And although it seemeth that we haue bestowed great paine to make our selues obedient vnto GOD: yet let vs knowe that we are alwayes but in the way, and that we lacke much of accomplishing that which God commaundeth, and requireth of vs in the lawe. And this one thing may occasion vs to humble our selues, seeing that GOD shall alwayes finde in vs ouermuch to condemne vs for his seruice, and that this spirituall rest of ours commeth not neere by many degrees to that which he commaundeth. On the other side, hauing this occasion of humbling & bewailing our selues in true repentance, let vs know this for the second point, that we ought so much the more to bee moued and pricked forward to make our further profite, when we may say, How now? It is true that God hath geuen me the grase that I desire to serue him. But how do I behaue my selfe herein? Alas, I am yet farre wide, & farre off from it. For when we perceiue this imperfection in vs, ought we not to enforce our selues forwarde in the seruice of God? So, betesting the euill and wickednesse which is in vs, let vs be pricked so much the more forwarde alwayes to profite in this rest, and let euery one call himselfe dailie to account for his going forwarde herein. Ye see then how GOD, hauing geuen vs occasion to humble our selues vnder his hand, all the time of our life, sheweth vs that we ought to be inflamed hereby to correct [Page] the vices which are in vs, and to mortifie more and more the lustes and desires of our fleshe. Therefore let vs knowe, that it is not sufficient, that our olde man be in part crucified, except we bee wholy buried with Iesus Christ (as Saint Paule speaketh in this seuenth of the Romanes which we haue alreadie alledged.)Rom. 7. 4. Ye see then what we haue to note touching the seuenth day, of which it is here spoken.

It remaineth now, that we speake of the second point, wherein we haue before in a worde said, that the Sabbaoth day was a ciuil order to exercise the faithfull in the seruice of God. For this day was appointed to assemble them together to heare the doctrine of the lawe preached, to receiue the sacramentes, to call on the name of God. And touching these pointes, it is common to vs with the auncient people of the Iewes. For although the figure is ceased, (I meane that whereof Saint Paule speaketh in the Epistle to the Colossians:) yet notwithstanding, this which apperteineth to ciuil order, abideth stil, and hath his vse. And this policie what is it? It is to assemble our selues together in the name of God. True it is, this ought to be done euerie day, but for because of our infirmitie, or rather slouthfulnesse, it was expedient that one day should bee chosn out. If we were so seruent in the loue of God as we should be, it should not neede to ordeine one onely day in the weeke, but all would both euening and morning assemble themselues together, to the ende wee might be edisted more and more in the worde of God. And in deede this exercise were more than needfull for vs, considering that we are all so enclined vnto euill, that we neede not any thing to leade vs on further in wickednesse, and to loose the bridle more loose vnto vs. It is needefull then that we assemble our selues together on euerie day in the name of GOD. But what? We see that with much a doe men will assemble themselues together on the Sunday, and that many are to bee holden to this order by force and violence. Hauing then such an infirmitie in vs, let vs knowe that this order was not prescribed onely vnto the Iewes, of obseruing one certeine day, in the which they should come together: but to vs also as common with them. But yet herewithall wee haue to note, that this is not all: and that this were a verie bare and naked thing, that our handes onely, and our feete should rest, and that nothing els should bee done. What must we then doe? Wee [Page] ought to applie this rest to a more high and excellent thing: we ought to cease from those workes which might hinder the workes of GOD, lette vs from calling on of his name, stay vs from exercising of our selues in his holy woorde. If wee employ the Sunday to make good cheare, to sporte our selues, to goe to games and pastimes, shall GOD in this bee honoured? Is not this a mockerie? Is not this an vnhallowing of his name? When our shoppe windowes are shutte in on the Sundaie, when wee trauell not after the common order and fashion of men, this is to the ende wee shoulde haue more libertie and leasure to attende on that which GOD commaundeth, that is to wit, to bee taught by his worde, to assemble our selues together, to make confession of our faith, to call on his name, to exercise our selues in the vse of the sacramentes. Loe then to what purpose this policie ought to serue vs.

But now let vs consider, whether they which call themselues Christians, acquite themselues in this pointe, as were requisite. A great parte of men thinke they haue the Sundaie the better to attende on their worldly affaires, and they reserue to themselues this day, as if they had no other to deliberate for the whole weeke to come. Nowe, if the bell shall ring to a Sermon, they thinke they haue no other thing to doe, but to thinke on their businesse, and to make their accounte of this, and of that. Others glutte themselues by riotting, and are shutte vp in their houses, because they dare not shew a manifest contempt of their duetie in the open streetes. So that the Sundaie is to them but a retreate, to withdrawe themselues from the Churche and congregation of GOD. By this one may see, what affection wee haue towarde all Christianitie, and the seruice of GOD, seeing that by this which was geuen vs for an aide and helpe to drawe neerer vnto GOD, wee take occasion to withdrawe our selues so much the further from him. And whither wander wee? Goe wee not so farre, as to recule and flee backe wholie from him? Is not this a diuelishe wickednesse of men? And yet this is so common, as it is pitie to beholde. And would to God we stoode in neede to search for examples herein further off, and that they were more rare to be founde. But wee see how all is profaned and violated, that the most parte are nothing [Page] carefull for the right vsage of this day, which was ordeined to the end that we should bee retired from all worldlie cares, and drawen backe from all other businesse, to yelde vp ourselues wholie vnto GOD. Moreouer, let vs know that the Sunday is not ordeined for vs onely to come to the Sermon, but to the end we employ the rest of the time to laude and praise GOD. Note we this. For although he nourish vs euerie day: yet notwithstanding, we meditate not sufficientlie of the benefites he bestoweth on vs, to magnifie him in them. True it is, that this should be but a poore thing, if wee should consider of the benefites of GOD but on the Sunday. But on the other dayes, because we are occupied ouermuch about our worldlie affaires, we are not so geuen to God as in that day, which is altogether dedicated vnto this. The Sunday the refore ought to serue vs for atowre, to make vs mount on high to view the workes of God from a farre, when we are neither hindered nor occupied with anything, but that we may applie all our senses, and our whole vnderstanding to reknowledge the gratious giftes and benefites which he hath bestowed on vs. And when we shall well haue practised this on the Sunday: namely, shall haue deepely considered of the workes of God, it is certeine, that all the rest of our time, we shall be geuen herevnto, and that this meditation shall so fashion and polish vs, that the Monday, and all the rest of the weeke, we shall be ledde to thanke our GOD, when so before hand we shall haue premeditated on his workes, to make our profite therein. But when the Sunday is spent not onely in games and pastimes full of vanitie, but in thinges which are altogether contrarie vnto God, that men thinke they haue not celebrated the Sunday, except God therein be by many and sundrie wayes offended: When men (I say) vnhallowe in such sort this holie daie, which God hath instituted to leade vs vnto himselfe, is it any meruell if wee become brutishe and beastlie in our doinges all the rest of the weeke? What is to bee done then? Let vs all knowe, that this is not sufficient, that we come to the Sermon on the Sunday, to receiue some good doctrine, and to call vppon the name of GOD: but wee must digest those thinges we heare and receiue, and applie all our senses to the better vnderstanding of those benefites which God bestoweth on vs, and that by this meane we bee so formed and fashioned to this thing, that the Monday and all the rest of the weeke beside, cost vs [Page] nothing, to aspire and to come to our God: and that we neede but to call to minde, that whiche we shall haue learned before at good leasure: when our mindes be as it were vnwrapped from all those thinges, which hinder vs to recount the workes of God. And this we haue to note touching the order wee are to obserue at this day, which is not in keeping the ceremonie so streightlie as it was obserued vnder the lawe. We haue no longer this figure. But this rest day is to assemble vs together, to the end that, according to our infirmitie, we bee better exercised to applie our selues to the seruice of God, and to haue this day wholie consecrated vnto him, to the ende we be drawen altogether from the world, and that this may serue vs the better, for the rest of our time, as we haue saide. And withall we must note, that this is not enough, that euerie one in particular and alone thinke on God, and call to minde his woorkes on the Sunday: but we must meete together one certeine day to make publike confession of our faith. It is true, that this ought to bee done euerie day (as we haue said:) but because of the rawnesse and slouth of men, it is behouefull to haue one speciall day, which may wholie be dedicated and appointed to this vse. I confesse well that we are not bound to the seuenth day (as indeed we obserue not the day which was commandes the Iewes, for this was the Saturday,) but to shew the libertie of Christians the day hath bene chaunged to the Sunday, forasmuch as Iesus Christ in his resurrection hath deliuered vs from the bondage of the lawe, & hath cancelled the bond therof. This was the cause, why this chaunge hath bene made in the day. But yet wee ought to obserue this order of policie, to haue some day in the weeke, be it one, or be it two, for this is left in the choice and libertie of Christians. But that the whole people may bee assembled, it is conuenient that one certeine day bee ordeined, to receiue the Sacramentes together in common, to haue the inuocation of the name of God, and to shew an vnitie and concord in faith and religion. It sufficeth not then, that euerie one withdrawe himselfe into his owne house, either to reade the holy scripture, or to pray vnto God, but it behoueth wee come into the companie of the faithfull, and there declare the concorde and agreement we haue with the whole bodie of the Church, and celebrate in such wise this order, as the Lorde hath commaunded. But what? We may see here the vnhallowing of the seruice of God. For as I haue alreadie touched, are there not [Page] many which will shewe them selues herein despitefull vnto God, and that will be exempted from the common lawe and order? True it is, that they will happilie come fiue or sixe times in the yeare to the sermon. But what to doe? Euen to make a mockerie of God, and of all his doctrine. These are indeed in the number of those hogges, which came to defile the temple of God, and deserued rather to bee in stables: and better it were they held them selues in their stinking dennes: to speake briefly, it were better that such knaues were altogegether cut off from the Church of God, than to shewe them selues in the companie of the faithfull. But yet how many times come they among them? The bell shall ring long enough, before a man may espie them in any place. So then wee ought with more diligence to take heede to our selues, and quicken vp our selues to make such a confession of our faith, that God may bee honored with one common accord among vs. Moreouer, wee must abolish all superstitions. For wee see how among Papists men thinke to serue God by slouth and idlenes. This is not the manner, after which we ought to celebrate the Sabbaoth day: but to applie it to his right and lawefull vse, wee must knowe (as we haue aboue said) that our Lord requireth nothing else, but that this day bee employed to heare his word, to make our prayers in common, to make confession of our faith, and to vse the Sacramentes. See wherevnto wee are called. And yet wee see howe all hath bene corrupted & brought to vtter confusion in Poperie: for as they inuented dayes to honour their hee and shee Santes, and haue forged to them selues idols, so haue they thought they ought to serue them in all idlenesse. Now seeing the world is so corrupted, we ought so much the better to note this declaration of the Sabbaoth day, as is here touched by Moses. And withall let vs knowe to what end our Lord hath commaunded the auncient people to haue one day in the weeke to rest themselues. And at this day, vnderstanding how this outward ceremonie is abolished by the comming of Christ, let vs geue our selues to the spirituall rest: that is, to dedicate our selues wholie vnto God, renouncing our owne desires and affections: and further let vs reteine the exteriour policie, as farre as it apperteineth vnto vs: namelie, to cease from our earthlie affaires, and all worldlie businesse, to attend the better on the meditation of the works of God, that wee may bee exercised to knowe the benefites he bestoweth on vs, and aboue all, that wee may bestow all our paines in acknowledging [Page] his gratious fauour, whiche he offereth dailie in his Gospell, to bee confirmed and established more and more therein, & when we shall haue emploied the Sunday to praise and magnifie the name of God, and to meditate on his workes, let vs shewe all the rest of the weeke how we haue profited herein.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our good God, with acknowledging of our faults, praying that it will please him to make vs feele them better than wee haue done. And because wee can not in any respect serue him, vntill this wickednesse and peruersnesse which is in vs be abolished: and because he hath shewen that we shall not cease to make warre against his iustice, as long as we shall lose the bridle to our wicked thoughtes and concupiscences, pray we, that it will please this good God, by the power of his holy spirite, to geue vs this grace, to bee fullie conformed vnto him, which is dead and risen for vs, to the end he might mortifie and quicken vs, that wee may beare the markes of our Lord Iesus, euen in renouncing our selues, and ordering our whole life so to his will, that wee desire nothing, but to bee conformed to his iustice, to the end his lawe may bee accomplished in vs, as it is spirituall: and that wee bee reformed both in flesh and in spirite, to liue vnder his obedience. And forasmuch as wee so ofte returne vnto our selues, pray wee that it will please this good God to beare with vs in our infirmities, till his rest bee truelie accomplished in vs, and that he hath gathered vs into his heauenlie kingdome. That it will please him to graunt this grace, not onelie vnto vs, but to all people and nations of the earth, &c.

The. 6. Sermon.

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Deut. Chap. 5.

13 Sixe dayes thou shalt labour, and shalt doe all thy woorke:

14 But the seuenth day is the Sabbaoth of the Lord thy God, thou shalt not doe any woorke therein, thou, nor thy sonne, not thy daughter, nor thy man seruant, nor thy maide, nor thine oxe, nor thine asse, neither any of thy cattell, nor the straunger that is within thy gates, that thy man seruant and thy maide may rest as well as thou.

15 Remember that thou wast a seruant in the land of Aegypt, and that the Lorde thy God brought thee out thence with a mightie hand, and a stretched out arme: therefore the Lorde thy God commaunded thee to obserue the Sabbaoth day.

WE handled yesterday, in what sorte, and to what end the commaundement of obseruing the Sabboth day was giuen to the Iewes. It was said in generall, that this was a figure of the spirituall rest, which the faithfull ought to keepe, the better to serue and woorshippe God. And seeing our Lord hath brought vs the full accomplishment of this, it hath bene said, that we must no longer rest and stay our selues on this shadowe of the Lawe, but be content that our old man be crucified by the vertue of the death and passion of our Lord Iesus Christ, to the end wee may bee renewed in our mindes wholie to serue our God. Withall wee noted, that wee stand in neede of some order and policie amongest vs, and therefore it behoued that some certeine day should bee appointed to assemble vs together, to bee confirmed in the doctrine of God, and to make our profite therein euerie day, euen all the time of our life, that wee bee also exercised to call vppon his name, to make confession of our faith, and that the rest of this day bee spent in considering the benefites wee receiue at all times at the hand of God, to the end he bee the more glorified in them. And now haue we to note this whiche followeth in the text of [Page] Moses. Sixe dayes thou shalt labour, (saith the Lord.) This ought not to bee vnderstood, as if God commaunded vs hereby, preciselie to labour. Howbeit, it is true, that we are borne to this, and wee knowe that God meaneth not wee should bee idle as long as wee liue in this world. For he hath giuen men hands and feete, force and strength, to this purpose. Yea, before sinne entered, it is saide that Adam was placed in the garden of Eden, to dresse it, and keepe it. Albeit the labour and trauell which men are now enioyned, is a chastisement for sinne. For it is thus denounced them, In the sweate of thy face, thou shalt eate thy breade. This is a curse and malediction laide on mankind. For we are not worthie to enioy the condition whiche was giuen to our father Adam, that he might liue at pleasure without troubling or tormenting him selfe. But yet, before that sinne entred into the world, and that wee were in this sort condemned of God to this painfull & weariesome trauell, it was requisite, that men should exercise themselues with some labour. And why? Because this is contrarie to our nature, that we shoulde be as logges and blockes vnprofitable. So then it is verie certeine, that wee ought to applie our selues to some labour all the time of our life. But yet here in this place it is not simplie commaunded, that we trauell sixe dayes. For indeede there were other solemnities vnder the Lawe, besides the rest of the Sabboth. There were feastes, which might happen in the middest of the weeke: but because the number of them was small, beeing onely foure dayes in the yeare, there is no mention made of them, but onely of the Sabbaoth. Therefore, when it is said: Thou shalt labour sixe dayes, our Lord woulde hereby signifie vnto vs, that we ought not to complaine of yelding vnto him one certeine day, when he leaueth vnto vs sixe for one. As if he did say. Shall the cost and charge be great vnto you to choose one day which may be wholy geuen to my seruice, that you doe no other thing in it, but reade and exercise your selues in my lawe, or heare my doctrine whiche shalbe preached vnto you, a day to come to the Temple, to the end you may be there confirmed by the sacrifices which are there made, a day to call vppon my name, to declare and protest, that you are of the number and companie of my people? Ought this to bee grieuous and burthensome vnto you, seing you haue sixe dayes free, to traffike, and to doe your businesse in? When I vse such gentlenesse towardes you, that I demand but one day of seuen, is not this an ouer great vnthankfulnesse on your part, if [Page] you complaine of this time, as beeing euill employed, and if you bee such couetous & niggardlie wretches, as not to spare mee one seuenth part of the time? I haue giuen you your whole life. Whensoeuer the Sunne shineth vpon you, you ought to acknowledge my goodnesse, and how that I am a liberall Father towards you. For this Sunne, which I make to shine, is to giue you a meane to goe and walke by, to the end that euerie one may doe his businesse. And yet for all this, why is it, that I shall not haue one day among seuen, in which euerie one should withdrawe him selfe from his labour and trauell, that you bee not wrapped in the cares of the world, and so haue no leasure to thinke vppon mee? Now then we see, that thus sentence of trauelling sire dayes is not placed as a commaundement, but is rather a permission, which God giueth, and that to reproch the vnthankfulnesse of men, if they obserue not the Sabbaoth day, and sanctifie it in such sorte, as we haue spoken thereof. And here hence we haue to gather a good and profitable admonition: namelie, that when wee are slowe to obey God, wee ought to consider of the benefites he bestoweth vppon vs. For this ought to make vs rest with a more feruent zeale in the practising of those things, which God commaundeth vs, when we shall well consider that he handleth vs not rigorouslie, neither presseth vs ouermuch. Loe our God might vse a streighter bridle if it pleased him, he might force vs to things so hard, that there were no meane nor way to set vs forward therein: but he considereth of vs, and conducteth vs as a father would do his children. Sithence then it is so, that he in such sorte beareth with vs, ought not we to bee stirred vp so much the more to doe this which he commaundeth vs? So then, as often as the commaundementes of God are hard, or seme so vnto vs, let vs know that he presseth vs not by many degrees, so much as he might. For we should bee tormented out of measure, if the Lord would vse the rigour of extremitie. Knowe we therfore, that he beareth with vs, and that he vseth here towardes vs a more than fatherlie goodnesse. True it is, that the lawe of God is in it selfe vnpossible vnto vs, not onely to obserue it in most perfect manner: but when a man by his naturall vertue and strength will endeuour to acquite him selfe towardes God, he shall not bee able to moue one finger, nor to heue one good thought to knowe how he ought to beginne: yea, so farre are wee from beeing meete and able to obey God, and to put in practise, that which is conteined in his lawe, that [Page] all our thoughtes and affections are so manie enimities against GOD.Rom. 8. 7. If men, by their owne power, could accomplish the lawe, it should haue bene saide vnto them, Trauell yee. But contrarie wise it, is said vnto them, Rest yee, to the end that GOD may worke. So then the lawe may well bee impossible touching vs, but yet it is possible for GOD to imprint it in our heartes, and to gouerne vs by his holy spirite, in such wise, that this yoke shall bee easie and sweete vnto vs, and that it shall haue no hardenesse in it to grieue and trouble vs. So then, when men shall haue well considered of this thing, they shalbe conuinced that God beareth with them as a father, whiche shoulde shewe him selfe pitifull towardes his children. And therefore let vs take diligent heede wee be not vngratefull, but bee prouoked & allured to serue our GOD, so much the more, seeing he commaundeth vs not those thinges, whiche might seeine ouer bitter and painfull vnto vs, but hath a due regarde to our power and abilitie. Thus yee see what wee haue to note out of this place, where our Lorde declareth that he leaueth vnto men their commoditie. It is true (as it was yesterday touched,) that wee ought to bee so spirituall, as euerie day to assemble our selues together to call on our GOD, that wee ought to mount vp to the heauenlie life, leauing all our wordlie affaires. But what? GOD seeth that we are enuironed and inclosed with our flesh, that we creepe and traile on the ground, that our infirmities ouer beare vs, in such sorte, that wee can not leade an Angelicall life. GOD therefore seeing such rawnesse and weaknesse in vs, hauing pitie, that we can not acquite our selues fullie in this whiche were our office and dutie to doe, he releaseth vs, and sheweth not the extremitie of his rigour, but saith, that he is content if wee dedicate one day vnto him, or if this day serue vs for all the rest of the weeke. And why? For (as I haue saide) he dealeth not extreamelie with vs, but considereth that we are ouer weake and fraile. Therefore, when he beareth with vs after this manner, and leaueth vnto vs our profits and commodities, so much more dissolute, wicked, and inexcusable are wee, if wee bee not inflamed to yealde our selues wholie vnto him. Nowe, it followeth immediatelie, that neither our man seruant, nor maide, nor oxe, nor asse, nor any of our cattell, shall labour on the Sabbaoth day, nor the straunger, [Page] which is within our gates. Touching the cattell, one might thinke it straunge, that God hath comprised them vnder the obseruation of this rest,Exod. 20. 13. & 17. seeing it is so high & heauenlie a mysterie, as it was yesterday entreated. And doeth such geare apperteine to oxen and to asses? God saith, I haue geuen you the Sabbaoth day to be a signe that I sanctifie you, and that I am your God, which reigneth in the middest of you. This is not belonging as common to all mortall men: For God graunteth not this grace to Painims and vnfaithfull ones, to sanctifie them: he speaketh onely to the people which he chose for his inheritaunce, & which he adopted. Now, when the Sabbaoth day is a signe that God hath separated the faithfull of his Church from the rest of the world, why is this extended to oxen and to asses? But note we, that this is not done for the brute beastes sakes, but to the end that men shoulde haue a monument before their eyes, to be so much the more touched therewith. This commaundement then, is not applied to the beastes, whiche haue neither vnderstanding nor reason, but this is directed vnto men, which ought to make their profite of it. We see that the sacrifices were made of brute beasts, we see what furniture there was, what vessels of gold and siluer, and other like things: and when all these were hallowed, is it to be vnderstood that God put his spirit into these corruptible metalles, and into thinges which had no sense and feeling? Nay: but all this is belonging to the vse of men: as all creatures are made for our vse and behoofe. And God not only ministreth vnto vs in thinges apperteining to this present, fraile, and brickle life, but he giueth them vnto vs as tokens of his grace, to be meanes & aydes to drawe vs vp on high to heauen. Therfore when God would that the oxen and the asses should rest them selues this seuenth day, this is not that he maketh them partakers of this spirituall rest, whereof wee haue aboue entreated, but this was to the end the Iewes seing their stables closed vp, shuld be put in minde to say: How now? God setteth here before our eyes, this signe and sacrament visible euen in the brute beastes, and this is to the end that we on our part should be the better kept and holden in his seruice: that wee shoulde knowe that this were to breake the whole lawe, if wee haue not regard vnto this which is the chiefe and principall point of all our life, namelie: that wee learne to renounce our selues, and followe not our owne lustes, reason, or wisdome: but that we suffer our God to rule and gouerne vs, and that wee bee as [Page] dead creatures, that he may liue in vs, and not followe our owne swinge, which is altogether corrupted. Thus it behoued the Iewes deepely to weigh, euen in the brute beastes, this visible signe, which was giuen to the end this might restreine them so much the more, and that they should bee admonished by this meane, to obserue the Sabbaoth day, with all reuerence. Withall we see, how in all times God handleth men according to their hardnesse, and that he hath prouided them of meete and conuenient remedies, for asmuch as they are not inclined of them selues, before he draweth them in this manner. And this is not onely for the Iewes, but for vs. Let vs therfore acknowledge the great goodnesse and mercie of our God, which forgetteth not nor omitteth any thing of all that which might remedie our vices. And withall let vs acknowledge the peruersnesse which is in vs, that wee flatter not our selues, nor geue the bridle to our affections, sithence we haue neede to bee constreined, and that God geue vs many prickes with the spurre, as to dull and restie iades. And when God pricketh and spurreth vs in such sort, knowe we that it is not without good cause, but that he doth it, because we are so croked and peruerse to be ruled, because wee are so froward and rebellious. Let vs then beginne to displease our selues in all our lustes and affections, and learne to imprison our selues so farre, that nothing hinder vs to follow the way which God would lead vs in. And although our nature alwayes resist, yet let vs enforce our selues to walke after his will, vntill we bee fullie ruled and ordered by our God. Loe what we haue to beare in minde vpon this place: besides that which shalbe by and by touched of man seruantes, and maide seruantes: namelie, that God putteth the Iewes in remembraunce that they were seruantes in the land of Egypt, and therefore that they ought with all gentlenesse, to entreate them, which are vnder their rule and authoritie. For he saith, Thy man seruant, & thy maid, shall rest them selues. And why? For thou wast somtime in bondage: the time hath bene thou couldest well haue wished that one had giuen thee some rest and release from thy labours. Thou oughtest then to vse such gentlenesse towardes them, which are vnder thy hand. But here it might seeme, that God hath ordeined the Sabbaoth day, not for a spirituall order, (as it hath bene aboue said:) but that it might serue as a meane vnto charitie. For he saith, If thou wert in bondage, wouldest thou not that one shoulde giue thee some release? [Page] Wouldest thou alwayes bee oppressed with labour and trauell? Surely by thy good will thou wouldest not. It behoueth then that thou be are also with others. Now this is not for the seruice of God, but rather instituted for common charitie, whiche ought to bee extended toward our neighbours, howe euer in degree they be vnderlinges vnto vs. But for asmuch as this commaundement is conteined in the first table of the lawe, it is certeine that this whiche is here touched, is but as accessarie. I say the first table of the lawe, for it is not without cause that God hath so diuided his lawe, whiche he wrote in two stones. Might he not haue wrote them in one stone, if he had would? Why then hath he made of them two seuerall partes? This is not without great reason. For in the lawe of God there are two principall articles. The one concerneth our dutie towardes him: the other our dutie we owe to our neighbours, which liue and are conuersant with vs. As our whole life, if we consider well, ought herevnto to be referred. That is, that first in knowing we haue a God, to whom we are to liue, we walke in obedience: seeing we hold our life of him, we doe him homage and reuerence therefore, seeing he hath created vs into a farre better hope, and hath adopted vs for his children, we glorifie him for so great mercie and goodnesse: seeing he hath redeemed vs by the bloud of his sonne, we beecome his▪ endeuoring to withdraw our selues from the defilements of the world, to be vnto him liuelie and vnspotted sacrifices, we call on him, hauing our recourse vnto him alone, we render him thankes for all his benefites bestowed vppon vs. Yee see then the first point of our life consisteth in the honour we ought to giue to our GOD. Againe, seeing it pleaseth him further to proue our obedience, by liuing with men in all vprightnesse, none be giuen to his priuate profite, but that we seeke to serue to the commoditie one of an other, that there be mutuall honestie betweene vs: so as wee absteine not onelie from fraude, violence, and crueltie, but that our life be sober and modest, that wee bee not dissolute, wicked, and brutish in our liuing. And this is the second point of our life. Nowe seeing it is so, that this commaundement of the Sabbaoth day is conteined in the first table: it followeth that it apperteineth to the spirituall seruice of GOD, and that here is no question to bee made of the charitie wee owe vnto our neighbours. And why then is this matter here treated of? It is asmuch as if our Lorde. [Page] did say, This day of rest, of some super aboundaunce and ouerplus, shall serue you to this, that your men seruauntes, and your maides, haue a release with you from their laboures. Not that this was the chiefe and principall end wherevnto GOD tended. For this was not his principall meaning, that there shoulde bee one day in the weeke, in the whiche a man shoulde cease from his labours, to the end he might breath for that day, and not toile so continually, as to faint for wearinesse. This was not the cause which moued God to ordeine the Sabbaoth day, or day of rest: but it was to this end, that the faithfull should know they ought to liue so holily, as to rest from all their affections & desires, that God might wholie worke in them. For the rest, it serueth as a benefite of supere [...]ogatiō, as we say. Behold our Lord saith, Consider ye that sith you haue this warrant among you, that I sanctifie you, that you seeke to giue vp your selues wholy vnto me. Yet, loe one thing which shall serue you further, and this is for your profite: namelie, that your familie shall not toile, and ouerworke them selues continuallie. For there must be some rest for your men seruants, and your maides, and your cattell: you shall haue then this as of superaboundance. Nowe therefore we see why here is expresse mention made, that the Iewes were seruantes in Egypt, & that it behoueth they haue some regard of them which are held as captiues and bondmen vnder their hands. For Moses speaking of men seruantes and maides, vnderstandeth it not after the common order and fashion among vs. For with them, the seruantes were slaues and bondmen, they burthened them, and held them vnder, as the oxen and the asses, they had so vile and barbarous a condition, as was pitie to behold. God then sheweth that the people of the Iewes obseruing the rest, shall receiue profite & commoditie by their familie. You ought to be so farre (saith he) from complaining of the time which I haue reserued vnto my selfe, that of seuen dayes there should be one dedicated to my seruice: that if you be not ouer cruell & vumercifull, if you vse not tyrannie toward them which are vnder your authoritie, such a day would seeme conuenient vnto you to be chosen. For if you should haue no other regard, but this policie: namelie, that in this day your seruantes shall haue some rest, this ought to leave you herevnto: but vnderstande you alwayes, that I haue not ordeined it onely for your familie, but for this end, you might aduise your selues, considering of this [Page] which I haue shewed, that beeing separated from the vnfaithfull, you be vnto me a royall priesthood, that you desire nothing else but to serue mee in all vprightnesse, and in a pure and sincere conscience. When you shall haue this consideration, then shall you knowe that this day shall further serue you for some earthlie profite and commoditie, albeit in the meane time, this is not that you ought to seeke after. To speake in a woord, our Lord in this place declareth vnto vs that which in like manner hath bene pronounced [...] Iesus Christ,Matt. 6. 33. that when wee shall seeke the kingdome of God, all other thinges shalbe cast vppon vs. For we are of that minde, that if we endeuour to mount on high to the heauenlie life, and bestowe our studies herein, we shall die for hunger, and this shalbe to turne vs from all profits and commodities. Briefly, the diuell cōmeth alwayes to persuade vs vnder this shadowe and wilinesse, that if wee employ our selues to the seruice of God, wee must needes, die of famine, and that wee shall liue to bee pitied of others for our miserie, that we must needes quit our selues of the whole worlde. But of a trueth we can not serue God, except wee bee ridde of all our affections, and cast from vs these worldlie cares, which presse vs downe ouermuch. Yet neuerthelesse, wee must rest vppon this blessing which is promised vs: namelie, that if wee seeke after the kingdome of heauen, wee shalbe blessed in these temporall and transitorie thinges, that our Lord will haue pitie vpon vs, and will giue vs all that which he knoweth to be needefull and conuenient for this present life: onelie, let vs but waite for from him those thinges whiche wee by our industrie and labour can not obteine. That then is the thing whiche is declared vnto vs in this place. Now this sentence ought to serue vs as a pricke to stir vs vp to follow that which God hath commaunded vs. For the cheefe thing which staieth vs from ruling and ordering our life to the obedience of God, is this, that being to much wedded to our selues, wee thinke this shalbe against our profite, and we will alwayes prouide, howsoeuer the case stands, for our cōmodities, in those thinges which apperteine vnto the world. Behold how men can not followe God, but rather forsake him, and drawe cleane backward from his lawe: for that they thinke, if they serue God, they shall neuer thriue. Now this is so wicked an vnthankfulnesse, that it serueth to aggranate an hundred times more our rebellion. What must we then doe? Let vs note well, that we shall not be able to serue God with a frank [Page] and free courage, except wee bee resolued, that he prouideth for our whole life, and that he will not forgette vs, as it is spoken in the person of Iosue.Iosu [...]. 1. 9. Heb. 13. 5. For the Apostle in the Epistle to the Hebrews applieth this doctrine to all the faithfull. Yea, to drawe them from ouermuch care and carcking, he saith, Thy God will not faile thee, he will not forget thee. So if once we can be persuaded that God watcheth ouer vs, & that he will liberally prouide for our necessities, it is certeine we shall not bee so [...]usied in our earthlie affections, wee shall not bee so easilie turned from seruing of GOD, we shall not be hindered to meditate and thinke on the heauenlie life, we shall so passe through this world, as to vse the creatures thereof, as if we vsed them not, because wee know alwayes, that we ought to make our race further. Loe, in summe, what we haue to beare in mind of this doctrine, wherein our Lord sheweth, that albeit this which he commaundeth of obseruing the Sabbaoth day bee spirituall: yet notwithstanding, that men shall perceiue herein their gaine and profite, [...] that God will blesse them, when they shall haue a respect vnto him, and shall not ouer busilie & gredilie seeke after that which belongeth to their temporall and earthlie commodities. Now withall we are warned, that if any beare rule ouer others, they ought not to despise their neighbours, although they be inferiour to them. And this extendeth it selfe verie farre. For we ought not onely to expound it of men seruantes, and of maides: but of the poore, of them which are neither in authoritie, credite, nor estimation: of all subiectes, of them whiche in the eye of the world are not worthie to be compared with vs. For wee see what the pride of men is, although wee haue no occasion to aduaunce our selues aboue others, yet euerie one will desire, and seeke after some preeminence and superioritie. Seeing then there is such an hautines in vs, that euerie one wisheth to be lifted aboue his neighbours: yea, though he haue nothing in him why he should bee aduanced, to what outrage will we growe when we be exalted? Behold them which are in the seate of iustice, they would beare them selues in hand, that the worlde were created onely for them, if God held them not backe by his spirit, and shewed them, that they ought not to oppresse them whiche are vnder their charge: but rather that it belongeth vnto them to execute the office of fathers, to hold their neighbours as their children: and that forasmuch as GOD hath so highlie honoured them, they ought to walke in so much the [Page] greater humilitie. They which preach the woord of GOD, and haue charge to guide and conduct others, if they thinke they ought to bee exempted out of the common ranke, and despise others, woe come to them. For it were better they brake their necke going vp into the pulpit, if they take not paines them selues, first to walke after God, and to liue peaceably with their neighbours, and to shewe that they are sheepe of the flocke of our Lorde Iesus Christ. Nowe, for all this it is true, that the rich may well bee serued of the poorer sort, and when a man hireth men seruantes and maides for his monie, he will not set his seruant aboue him selfe at the table, he will not haue him lie in the same bedde with him. Yet notwithstanding, though he haue some superioritie ouer him, yet ought we alwayes to beare in minde this point, that we are vnited together as it were in one flesh, and that we are all formed to the image of God. If we consider that they, which are descended from the race of Adam, bee our flesh and our bone, this ought to frame vs to all gentlenesse, although wee are as brute and sauage beastes one set against an other. When the Prophete Esaie would put men in minde of their base estate,Esaie. 58. 7. to induce them to relieue their poore brethren, he saith: Thou shalt not despise thine owne flesh. See where I ought to viewe, and beholde my selfe as in a looking glasse: namelie, in as many creatures as are in the world. Marke wee this for one point. But yet there remaineth more, that is, that the image of God is imprinted in all men. Then I despise not onely mine owne fleshe: when I shall oppresse any one, but I violate the image of God asmuch as lieth in me. So then let vs diligentlie note, that God would in this place declare vnto them which are in authoritie, and credit, to them which are rich, and to such as bee in some degree of honour aboue others, that they ought not to abuse those whiche are vnder their handes, that they ought not to trouble and torment them aboue measure, that they ought alwayes to thinke on this, that wee are all descended from the line of Adam, that wee haue one common nature, that the image of GOD is imprinted in vs all. Loe, what wee haue to note, and aboue all other thinges to beare in minde, seeing Iesus Christ is descended hither belowe to bee made of no reputation, to condemne our pride and loftenesse, and to shewe vs, that there is no way to serue GOD but in humilitie, and that [Page] he hath made vs all members of his bodie, as well seruantes, as those whiche are maisters and superiours, shewing that there is no difference, when the question is of comming vnto GOD, and hauing respecte vnto him, and his seruice. Wee must therefore bee folowers of him. And because wee are all, both small and great, members of his bodie, and that he is our head, there is greate reason, that euerie one applie him selfe to his neighbours. And sithence GOD hath declared him selfe our father, in more familiar wise than he did vnto them whiche liued vnder the Lawe, let vs bee so much the more persuaded to mainteine a fraternitie and brotherhood among vs. And this haue wee further to beare in minde vppon this place. There resteth yet one point to be obserued touching this, that GOD hath ordeined a memoriall and remembraunce to the Iewes, that they were sometimes in Egypt as poore slaues and bondmen. Nowe wee knowe, that in that place they were euill and cruellie handled. But for that, they then sighed and cried vnto God, and he heard them, for that they then desired to bee borne withall, and to bee released from some of their miserie, GOD sheweth that they ought also to doe the like. And this conteineth a good and profitable doctrine: namelie, that when we looke vnto our selues, we may the better bee induced to acquite our selues of our dutie: and contrarie wise, when wee become cruell towardes our neighbours, this is because wee are beecome dronken with our owne ease, and consider not the pouertie and miserie wee haue bene in, or happilie may come vnto. He whiche hath bene hungrie and thirstie, in such sorte, that he hath desired that some one woulde succour him in his necessitie, when he seeth a poore man, and thinketh: Well, I haue bene in the like necessitie, when I could haue bene willing to bee aided and relieued: yea, me thought some should haue had pitie on mee to succour me: he (I say) which thinketh of these thinges, when hee seeth a poore man in neede, shall he not haue his hearte mollified and softened? But what? When wee are at our ease, there is no talke of remembring our [...]eede and pouertie, but rather we imagine and suppose, that we are herein exempted, and not to bee numbered in the common [...] of men. And that is the cause why wee forgette our selues, and take no pitie and compassion vppon our neighbours in any [Page] miserie they suffer. With so much greater heede then wee ought to beare in minde this place, wherein the Lord seeing vs so blinde, so giuen to the loue of our selues, so well contented to be plunged in our owne delights & pleasures, so carelesse of them which endure penurie, and are in necessitie, expostulateth with vs in this wise: And what are you? Haue you neuer bene in any necessitie? And when you ouerflowe your bankes in your wicked dealinges against them, haue you no care to thinke: Behold, these creatures are formed to the image of God, if we committe any outrage against them, shall God take pitie of vs? Let vs then practise this doctrine in our whole life: and as often as we shall see any oppressed with miserie, let vs remember to say, Goe to, haue not I bene in necessitie aswell as they? And if nowe I were in the same estate, would I not desire to bee succoured? Seeing then it is so, ought wee to exempt our selues out of such a condition? At least let vs doe to an other as wee would that one should doe vnto vs: for nature hath taught vs this, and wee neede not to goe to schole to learne it. There shall neede then no other euidence to condemne vs, than this whiche our Lorde hath alreadie shewen vs by experience. When wee shall beare in minde to commen thus with our owne heartes, without all doubt wee shalbe touched with some pitie to helpe them whiche stand in neede and necessitie: and that we shalbe moued to compassion, seeing them endure miserie: so that if wee haue the power and abilitie to succour and relieue them, euerie one of vs will employ him selfe herein. Yee see then what wee haue to note vppon this place, when it is said, Thou wast a straunger in the land of Egypt: It behoueth therefore that nowe thou also ease them whiche are vnder thy hande: for when thou wast a seruant, thou couldest haue bene verie willing that one should haue borne with thee, and released thee of some part of thy miserie. But nowe let vs come vnto them which were not of the people of God, but did onely traffike, and had entercourse of merchandize among them. GOD willeth that they also aswell obserue the rest: and yet they were not sanctified of GOD, and this signe could not apperteine vnto them (as wee haue alreadie said.) It seemeth then that GOD vnhalloweth the sacrament, when he communicateth it vnto the vnfaithfull, and those which were not circumcised, to beare the marke and signe of the couenaunt, to them whiche had [Page] neither the lawe nor the promises. But we are to obserue, that this which God speaketh here of straungers, extendeth it selfe onely, and belongeth vnto this people which he had chosen and adopted. For we know that if thinges contrarie to the seruice of God bee permitted, although one shall happily saie, These which offende, are not of our societie and companie, we shall notwithstanding be induced by their euill examples to follow them. If the straungers had bene permitted to labour among the people of the Iewes, what might haue happened hereby? The Iewes would haue had dealings with them, and so haue defiled themselues: they would haue made small difference betwene this day & others. For when examples are set before our eyes, we are easilie led away to that which is euill. And albeit there should be no great occasion of turning vs aside, yet is our nature so inclined vnto euill, that we are easily induced herevnto. And how would we resist them when we shold be altogether drawen forward into wickednesse? Thus if libertie should haue bene permitted vnto strangers to labour, and to doe their businesse among the people of Israel, they would soone haue bene corrupted, euerie one would haue dispensed with himselfe for this libertie to violate the Sabbaoth day, vtterly neglecting the obseruation thereof. So then, to the end all such occasion of transgressing against this rest, might bee remoued, and that this day might bee obserued with greater reuerence, as God willed that the beastes and cattell should rest: so commaundeth he that the strangers do the like. Now this ought to serue for our instruction. For it is to teach vs, that vices ought not to be tolerated among those which make profession of Christianitie, but that men ought to punish the offenders: yea, though they be but strangers and wayfaring men. As how? When blasphemies are condemned among vs, if a man heare a stranger to blaspheme, to make a scorne of God, and yet hee suffer him and dissemble the matter, is not this to suffer a stinking sore to fester, to the corrupting and rotting of all the rest? See I say, what is done when blasphemers shall be so borne withall, when they shall haue their flote and full saile in their wickednesse, and that men will not represse them, albeit they be so open and manifest, that men may heare and see them. But it is to euident, that we are so farre from punishing the blasphemies of them as they deserue, which are not of our religion: that it is to be seene how we suffer them in those, which are together among vs, & make profession of Christianitie. And this [Page] is to our greater confusion. For when we suffer among vs either Papistes or Iewes, or other like (as at this day the world is full stuffed with contemners of God) when we suffer them (I say) to raile on the doctrine of the Gospell, and to blaspheme the name of God, shall we not breede vp so daungerous a disease, as after short time shalbe incurable and past all remedie? If we suffer wicked and dissolute straungers to make here an open sale of their outrages and dissolute behauiours, must it not needes be that we bee drawen with them into the like wickednesse, and so be altogether corrupted? So then let vs diligentlie note, that God will haue his people exercised in such puritie, that not onely they which make profession of being Christians absteine, and keepe them selues from euill, but also that they suffer not, as farre as shall lie in them, others among them, to liue inordinatelie. For we must remember that the earth is, as it were vnhallowed and defiled, when the seruice of God is defiled, and his holie name dishonored: the earth (I say) in the which by his pleasure we dwell, is defiled and accurssed, or at least is nothing beholding vnto vs, if it be not. So then when God hath giuen this priuilege to his children, that they may remoue all idolatrie out of the land wherein they dwel, without all doubt if they doe it not, they shall prouoke the anger of God, and his vengeaunce vpon them selues. If now wee would permit, that the abhominations of Poperie shuld be mingled among vs, if by some speciall priuiledge one would graunt a masse to obstinate Papistes, which would liue here, if one would yeald them some corner of the land to committe their idolatries and superstitions therin, can it be, but we should drawe on vs the wrath and anger of God, & kindle the fire of his vengeaunce against vs? And why? Sithence God hath giuen to them which haue the sword of iustice in their hand and the administration thereof, seing that he hath giuen them (I say) all power and authoritie to chace, and put away from out of the land all idolatries, and infections of Papistrie, certeinelie if they allowe and mainteine them, this shalbe euen to driue God away, that he dwell not, nor beare rule among them. So then let vs note, that not without great cause our Lorde woulde, that the straungers whiche dwelt among the people of Israel, although they were of an other faith and religion, should be constreined to obserue the seuenth day. Not for any cause touching them selues, or for their instruction. For they were not capable hereof, but because they should not bee an occasion [Page] of offence to draw the people into sinne, and because the seruice of God should not be violated, and that the land which he had giuen to his seruant Abraham for an inheritance, might be wholie dedicated vnto him. We are therefore hereby warned, not only to sanctifie our selues by Gods worde, but also not to suffer any disorder among vs, but that all such thinges be remoued cleane away. Now further note, that when our Lord wil that we haue such a zeale to maintesne his seruice, that euen they which professe not themselues to bee of the Church, should be constreined to order & conforme themselues to vs when they liue in our companie, that we shal want all excuse, if we on our part be not wholie geuen vnto him, & be as mirrors & spectacles to draw & allure the vnfaithfull, & to win them vnto God. For if we, when they shall erre, wil reprehend them, & in the meane while they may perceiue the like or greater vices in vs, shall they not haue iust occasion to mocke & despise all our admonitions? So then, seeing it hath bene cōmanded, not to permit strangers to do things contrarie to the seruice of God, let vs know that we are in double maner cō manded to walk warilie & in all carefulnes, & in such humilitie & sobrietie, that strangers may be cōpelled & forced to confesse, that our chief desire is willingly & vnfeignedly to honor God, & that we cānot suffer any reprochfullie to abuse his maiestie. Thus ye see what we haue to beare in minde vpon this place, which we ought at this day with all diligence to obserue, albeit it be preciselie geuen in commā dement to the Iewes: for in substance & truth it belongeth vnto vs. For as in old time our lord brought this people out of Egypt: so at this day hath he drawen vs out of the gulfe of hell, & hath deliuered vs from eternal death, & from those deepe and darke dongeons wherein we were plunged, to bring vs into his heauenlie kingdome, hauing redeemed and purchased vs to himselfe by the bloud of his welbeloued sonne our Lord Iesus Christ. Now let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our good God with acknowledging our faults, praiing him to make vs feele them better than we haue done, that labouring to reforme our selues more and more to his iustice, we fight daily against the lustes and desires of our flesh, and continue so long in this combate, vntill he hath fullie freed vs from it, and reformed vs vnto his image, in the which we were first created. That hee will graunt this grace not only to vs, but to al people and nations of the earth, &c.

The. 7. Sermon, wherein it is entreated of the second Table.

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Deut. Chap. 5.‘16 Honour thy father and thy mother, as the Lorde thy God hath commaunded thee, that thy dayes may bee prolonged, and that it may be well with thee in the land which the Lorde thy God geueth thee.’

WE are now come vnto the second Table of the lawe, wherein God sheweth vs, how we ought all to liue here together. For (as it hath bene aboue touched) there are two principall thinges required in our life. The one, that wee serue God purelie and sincerelie: The other, that we liue with men in all integritie and vprightnesse, rendring vnto euerie one that which apperteineth and belongeth vnto him. Now as the honour of God is more excellent than all that which concerneth men, so it behoued that in the first and principall place, the rule of honouring God, as we ought, should be geuen. And this is handled & dispatched in the first Table. Here then God beginneth to declare vnto vs, in what sort our life ought to be ordered, if we wil applie our selues vnto the dutie we owe vnto men. Now we haue also declared, that God requireth no honour of vs for any neede he hath of it, or for any profite it bringeth vnto him, but it is for our welfare and saluation, that he requireth it. So then he will proue our obedience, and the loue we beare him, when he commaundeth vs to walke in all equitie and vprightnesse with our neighbours, and that we liue together in such concord and fellowship, that any one bee not geuen vnto himselfe, but that we communicate together, and that euerie one according to his abilitie and power to do well, employ and force himselfe therevnto. This say I, is the proofe which God maketh, to knowe whether we worship him vnfeignedly and from our heart. For we might make many faire countenances, and vse great [Page] ceremonies, but God shall not content himselfe with it. And this is the cause why our Lord Iesus Christ saith,Math. 23. 23. that the principall point of the law is iustice, iudgement, vprightnesse, faith, which worde importeth here fidelitie or faithfulnesse. Therefore when we liue with men without hypocrisie and dissimulation, when we are not geuen to our subtile sleightes, nor malicious practises, wee studie to minister vnto, and to serue euerie one in his commoditie: we mainteine right, & resist wrong as much as lieth in vs: loe the chiefe and principal part of the lawe. Not that the seruice of God ought in the meane while to be forgotten, or that it is of lesse importance, but because it is vnpossible, that men acquite themselues in their duetie toward their neighbours, except they be led herevnto by the feare of God. Now let vs handle this commaundement last recited, which concerneth the honouring of father and mother. And here, although expresselie mention be made of the father and the mother, there is no doubt but GOD meant to deliuer a generall doctrine, of hauing all superioritie in honour. For graunt we, which must needes be confessed, that the lawe conteineth a perfect rule of doctrine, wherein nothing is wanting: and this which we haue said, must needes be so. For if it hath not touched any thing of the duetie we owe to other superiours, as princes and magistrates, and those which haue the sworde of iustice: if it hath deliuered nothing concerning maisters, it should haue some default in it. Therefore we must conclude, that God hath commaunded that all they which are in any degree of honour and authoritie be honoured and obeyed. Moreouer, seing all preeminence and superioritie commeth from God, and that this order is established and appointed by him, without the which the world could not stande: what might be thought if God made no account of this, when he gaue forth a certeine forme of liuing well, and in all holinesse? Neither ought we to account it straunge, that vnder one speciall kind of obedience to bee yelded to all superiours, the whole is comprised. For we haue alreadie touched, how this ought to be obserued in the law, and we shall see it more plainlie hereafter. And this was not done, because God could speake in no other manner, but for our better profite and instruction. For we know, that albeit men desire to seeme subtile and sharpe witted, yet cease they not alwayes to couer themselues with the buckler of ignorance. If we might espie that the law of God presseth vs ouer sore, we would feigne haue some excuse to exempt our selues from the [Page] subiection of it. And if the lawe of God were not apt and conuenient to instruct the rude and ignoraunt, many would alledge that they are no great Clerkes, that they neuer went to schoole. It should seeme then, that the law of God might not bind them. But when we see that God abaseth himselfe to our rudenesse, and that he speaketh grosselie according to our capacitie, this taketh from vs all excuse, this remoueth all pretences whatsoeuer: and euerie one is bound to order him selfe aright, and we all must confesse, that there is nothing which hindereth vs from doing our dueties, but that we be rebellious against God, and will not beare his yoke. Lo, why vnder one kind God comprehendeth the whole, that he might instruct & traine vs vp like yong children, whiche are not capable nor apt to be taught after some absolute and perfect maner. This therfore is the true and naturall sense of the place, as we shall see hereafter. For as God deliuered the ten commaundementes or wordes, as he calleth them, so he annexed also the exposition of them, to the end nothing might be obscure, and that men might not doubt or dispute of that which they had vnderstoode. We see then that God hath fulile declared himselfe, and shewed that not onely his will is we obey father and mother, but all superiours without exception. And let vs note that God speaketh here of honouring fathers and mothers, because he would draw and allure vs by such meanes as were most conuenient and agreeing with our nature. We knowe that there is such pride in men, that willinglie they bende not the necke to bee subiect to others. Euerie one thinketh he ought to bee a maister. How euer it be, it is hard for men to liue vnder, vntill God order them to this humilitie, to submit themselues in all simplicitie of obedience vnto them, which haue any authoritie ouer them. God then seeing nothing more contrarie vnto our nature than subiection, that he might winne and allure vs herevnto after a most milde and louing maner, nameth in this commandement of obedience, the father and the mother. Now this is an execrable thing, and contrarie to all nature, if the childe forget his dutie towards them, by whom he is come into this world, and by whom he hath bene nourished and susteined. Therefore, when the childe knoweth not his father and mother, he is taken for a monster, euerie one holdeth him for execrable and accursed. And why? Though GOD saith nothing hereof, though wee had no holy Scripture to this purpose, though no man preached this vnto vs, nature hath alreadie [Page] taught vs, that this duetie which the child oweth to the father & the mother, without detestable wickednesse cannot be broken off. We see then the intent and meaning of our GOD: namelie, that in proposing vnto vs the termes of father and mother, he might winne vs to himselfe, that we might not bee as wilde and vntamed horses, to drawe backe, but should in all gentlenesse come vnto him, to receiue the subiection which he laieth vpon vs. And forasmuch as all authoritie which men haue, proceedeth from him (I speake of that which is according to lawfull gouernment) let vs giue all diligence to yelde him the honour which is due vnto him, and let euerie one in his order obey them which haue superioritie ouer him, let euerie one consider of his estate and condition, let children honour their father and mother, let all the people honour them which sit in the seate of iustice, let seruauntes doe the like towardes their maisters. Brieflie, let there bee an harmonie and consent of agreeing in duetie among vs, according to the order our Lorde hath appointed, which ought to be inuiolable. Moreouer, when here is mention made of honouring, this is not that children onely vse some courteous embracing of their fathers and mothers, that they put off their hatte before them, bend the knee vnto them: God staieth not himselfe on this, but the honor he requireth, importeth much more: namely, that children folow the counsell of their fathers and mothers, that they leaue them selues to bee gouerned by them, that they bestowe all paine to discharge themselues of their duetie towardes them: briefly, that the childe knowe hee is not at his owne libertie as long as hee hath father and mother. Ye see in effect what God meant by this word of honour. To proue this to be so, can we haue a better and more faithfull expositor of the law, than the holy ghost, which speaketh by the mouth of Moses, and of all the Prophetes: and namelie, by Saint Paule? For we shall see hereafter, that GOD hath declared the summarie and contentes of this sentence: namelie, that it sufficeth not that the children yelde some reuerence to their fathers and mothers with cappe and knee, but that they bee subiect vnto them, and emploie themselues to serue and obey them, as much as they shall be able. And Saint Paule alledgeth not this, to exhort vs to some ceremonie of duetie, but hee saith: Let the children bee subiect to their fathers and mothers,1. Tim. 3. 4. where purposelie he placeth this worde of subiection. So then wee see, what this [Page] importeth, and what is the naturall sense and meaning of the place. Now returne we to that which we haue shortly touched, to make our profite thereby, and to gather thence some doctrine and instruction, which may be for our commoditie. First of all then, let children know, that seing God hath geuen them fathers and mothers, it is great reason they obey them, or otherwise they shew, that they are contemners of GOD. And this rebellion they make, is not raised against men, nor against creatures: but this is as much as if the maiestie of God and his glorie were troden vnder foote. It is said, that we haue but one father which is in heauen,Math. 23. 9. to speake properlie: and this is not vnderstood concerning the soules onely, but touching the bodies also of men. This honour then is proper to God alone, to be called father, neither can it agree vnto men, but so farre as it pleaseth him to communicate this name vnto them. Now seeing this title of father is as a marke which God hath imprinted in men, we see, that if children make no account of fathers and mothers, they do wrong and iniurie vnto God. As much is to bee said of them which obey not their princes and magistrates. Of seruants likewise which would all degrees were confounded, and that they might beare rule without all order. And see why the Ethnikes and Painims haue applied this worde of Pietie or Godlinesse, to the honour which we geue to fathers & mothers, and to all them which are in authoritie ouer vs. Pietie or godlinesse, to speake properlie, is the reuerence which wee owe vnto GOD. But the Painims, albeit they were poore blinde wretches, knew that God will not be serued only in his owne maiestie, but then also, when we obey those which beare rule and exercise authoritie ouer vs. In summe, he will proue our obedience in this behalfe. And therefore, seeing parentes and magistrates are lieftenantes of God, and all those which haue any maistership represent his person: it is certeine, that if one sette them at naught, it is as muche as if hee declared that hee will not obey GOD. A man may make some faire protestation to the contrarie, but the thing notwithstanding is so for all that. If the poore vnfaithfull and vnbeeleuing ones knew this, and that GOD left vnto them such an affection, what excuse shall there be left for vs, if we vnderstand it not much better? When we heare that all parentage or fatherhoode proceedeth from God (as Saint Paule pronounceth)Ephes. 3. 15. and that by this vnion of Iesus Christ, we are put in minde hereof, haue we not a more expresse and [Page] manifest declaration of it? Must the Painims be yet our doctors and teachers? But when they which name themselues Christians shall here bee ouerblinde, or shall stoppe vp their eares not to heare and knowe that which God hath declared by poore ignorant wretches, woe be vnto them: for their condemnation is so much more horrible and grieuous. Let vs therefore briefely note, that we cannot like here together beeneath, except this order which God hath ordeined bee holilie kept and obserued: namely, except those which haue superioritie bee had in honour, bee had in estimation, and be obeyed. For without this, there shalbe an horrible confusion. All they then which cannot submit themselues vnto Magistrates, they which are rebellious to fathers and to mothers, they which cannot beare the yoke of Maisters and Mistresses, declare sufficiently, that (as much as in them lieth) they peruert and ouerthrowe all order of nature, that they mingle and confound the heauens with the earth, as wee say. For beholde the onely meane by which God would mainteine and preserue mankind. Let vs adde further to that we haue said, the consideration of this which is elswhere mentioned, that when God sendeth Magistrates and Princes, he bringeth the feare of them, not onlie vpon men, but also on brute beastes. For so speaketh he hereof in Daniel:Dan [...] 38▪ and of this we may gather that they which lift themselues vp against the rule of gouernment appointed by God, are worse than the brute beastes, & deserue to be sent to such a schole as theirs. For our Lorde, to make men ashamed which are reasonable creatures, saith: That the feare of Princes & Magistrates ought to be extended euen to the brute beastes. May not a man then see that the diuell possesseth also them which cannot order themselues in all modestie to the subiection which God hath established, & without the which it must needes be that all come to ruine & confusion in this world, as we haue alreadie declared? Yes. And therefore if we feele and perceiue in our selues such an hautinesse as maketh vs worse subiects to them which beare rule ouer vs, let vs fight against this pride of ours, & let the authoritie of God suffice vs for a bridle. For were we more wilde & sauage by nature than we are, yet this ought (as I may so say) enchaine and fetter vs herein, that God declareth that he is dishonoured by vs, except we doe him homage in the persons of them, whom he hath placed in his roome, & in whom he hath imprinted his image. To speake briefly, we see that charitie beginneth at this end, that we be humble [Page] and modest, and that none lift vp themselues arrogantlie & presumptuously, that none esteeme of themselues aboue mesure, but that we be redie to humble our selues, to the end we may be ruled & gouerned in whatsoeuer it shal please God to require our obedience.Rom. 13. 7. See why in this sort S. Paul leadeth vs to charitie, when he expoundeth this cō mandement of obeying magistrates. For he sheweth that if we haue not this mildnesse & gentlenes in vs, to bow the neck when our Lord putteth on the yoke, we beare no charitie towards our neighbors. If we desire such a confusion & meddlie in the world, that we would that rules & superiors haue no dutie & reuerence done them, it must needs come to passe that all be set out to the spoile of the robber, and it were much better that euerie one liued apart & without companie, than in the societie of men, to see such a confusion as should be, if we keepe not the rule of gouernment which God hath appointed. Let vs then well remember, that to the end we may liue with our neighbours, it behoueth euerie one to correct in himselfe this hautinesse & presumption, and not reteine & keepe it in our hearts. But let vs learne to be humble & lowlie, knowing that this is to order & make our selues equal to them of the lower sort (as S. Paule speaketh.)Rom. 12. 16. That we may so do, let vs consider our selues what we are. For behold what abuseth vs: euen this, that euerie one would haue greater preeminence than God hath geuen him, & being (as we are) blind, we forget our selues, and know not our own pouertie, our own faults & vices. Euerie one will thinke himself a maruelous man when he is nothing. And herehence issueth this, that we make no account of our neighbors: yea, that we despise all the vertues & good gifts which God shal haue bestowed on them. It is then spitefulnes & vnthankefulnes which stirreth vs vp vnto pride, in such sorte, that euerie one yeeldeth vnto himselfe more than apperteineth vnto him, & this is the cause why we cannot frame our selues vnto obedience, as we ought. But in steede of this let vs learne by our dutifulnes to doe homage vnto God, when we see that he hath commanded vs to obey our superiours. And besides let vs know, that such as they are, he hath placed them ouer vs. If a childe haue a father or mother, he must not say: O, loe my father is not at all such a one as he ought to be, I haue iust cause to withdrawe my selfe from his obedience: yea, but if he be thy father, it behoueth that this worde content thee, if thou wilt not abolish and bring to naught the order of nature, either this which God hath ordeined must be made [Page] of no value, or thou must honour thy father what a one so euer he be▪ And why? Because euen he which hath communded thee to honour thy father & thy mother, hath giuen thee such a father as thou hast. As much is to be said of maisters, of Princes, & all other superiours. For they came not at all auenture or by chance, it is God, it is God which sendeth them, (as S. Paule hereof speaketh)Rom. 13. 1. 2. 3. 4. as all the holie Scripture giueth sufficient testimonie. Yea, precisely we are also ledde to know by experience the prouidence of God, & the fatherly care which he hath of vs, when he appointeth Magistrates. Let vs learne then wisely to consider Gods goodnesse in all those which are in superioritie ouer vs, that we may therby be moued to orderour selues to their obedience. Thus ye see what we haue to beare in mind in this place. Now seeing it is so, that God hath comprised in a word, & set downe vnto vs in a short summarie, the rule of obeying all superiours, let vs note, that by this he resigneth not his owne right, nor bereaueth him selfe of that which is proper & belonging vnto him. It behoueth therfore that God be honoured aboue all others: yea, and so, that the honour we yeeld vnto mortall men hinder not, but that we geue him the seruice we owe him, and that euerie one studie to acquite his duetie principallie towardes him. Shal not he (thinke you) discharge his duetie of obedience fairely, which obeyeth an vnder officer, & in the meane while spitteth in the face of the Iudge, or the Prince? What madnesse were in this? Now the like is done when wee will debarre God of his preeminence, and so obey men, that wee make no account of him which is aboue all. For this is against nature, that the authoritie which is giuen vnto men, should darken and diminish in any part the glorie of God. Let vs therefore diligently note, that when we are commanded to obey our superiours, there is alwayes this exception vnder it: so that this derogate nothing from the right which apperteineth vnto GOD: of which it hath bene alreadie handled in the first table. For wee knowe, that the seruice by the which God is worshipped, ought to goe before all other thinges. And see why Saint Paule,Ephes. 6. 1. also willing to geue vs the exposition of this place expressely, addeth, that the children ought to obey their fathers and mothers, howbeit in the Lorde. And we haue said, that the foundation wherevppon wee ought to builde, is, when wee will bee obedient, humble, and subiect to our superiours: namelie, to knowe that almightie GOD is represented in their persons. [Page] Now take away the foundation, and must not the whole building totter and fall vnto the ground? But all they which haue not respect vnto God, take away the foundation of this doctrine. So then the going forward is peruerse and wicked. Now this ought to admonishe aswell them which bee in authoritie, as those which are subiect vnto them. If then men and women haue children, they ought to knowe, that no subiection is due vnto them, except God beare rule aboue all. What is then behoofull and necessarie to bee done? It behoueth a father diligently to instruct and bring vp his children in the feare of God, and that he beginne himselfe to shewe them the way herevnto. The mother must doe the like, that God may haue his honour aboue all, both small & great, old and young. Let Magistrates in like manner seeke by all meanes they may, that God be serued and honoured, let them mainteine asmuch as lieth in them, all that which apperteineth vnto this end: & sith he vouchsafeth to doe them this honour which they deserue not, to sit in the seate which is dedicated to his maiestie, & to carrie the sword, which as a thing sacred and holie apperteineth onelie vnto him: let them shew that they are in deede his officers. Seeing then it is so, that he hath lifted them vp vnto such a dignitie, of which they were in no respect worthie, let them at least shew this, that in his name it is, that they haue all authoritie, & that they referre it vnto him. Ye see then how Princes ought to discharge themselues of their dutie, euerie one ought to doe the like in his familie & houshold. Let those vnto whom God of his goodnesse hath graunted to haue men seruantes & maides, consider well that there is a Maister aboue them all, who ought so to be obeyed, that his right alwayes be reserued vnto him wholy & entirely. Loe what instruction al superiors, in what degree soeuer they be, ought to learne, the instruction, I say, which they are taught & commaunded of obedience to God. Moreouer, when fathers & mothers, & Magistrates will raise vp themselues against God, and be lifted vp with such tyrannie, as to challenge to themselues that which perteineth vnto God alone, when they will turne vs from his obedience, ye see an exception which before we haue put downe, which maketh that they ought not to be obeyed. It behoueth therefore that God goe before, and then that the creatures followe after in their subalterne, as wee may say, that is their seuerall & successiue order. And in verie deede the cause why, for the most part, that meekenesse & humilitie is so little regarded in the [Page] world, that the children arme themselues against fathers & mothers, and behaue themselues as wilde beastes, that the people are full of wickednesse and rebellion, that seruantes also are full of disloyaltie and disobedience, that there is no dealing with any of these to reclaime them in what sort soeuer, is the iust punishment of God vpon them, which abuse the dignitie which he hath geuen them. For oftentimes wee see that the Princes beare not rule to magnifie and set foorth the name and glorie of God, to cause that he bee honoured as he deserueth: but they drawe cleane backeward herein, they will set vp and make themselues idols, euen to plucke God as it were cut of his seate, to place themselues therein. One shall see this, at the least, one shall see the Princes reigne and beare rule licentiously, euen with all the raines of the bridle loosed: and God therefore must needes reuenge himselfe of them. As for fathers and mothers what zeale haue they to instruct their children in the feare of God? All is one with them, so they may aduaunce and set them vp in the world: yea, it seemeth they are disposed to bring them vp in all impietie and vngodlines, in all contempt of God and of this word. If the fathers be wolues themselues, they would haue their children wolues whelpes: if they be old foxes, they would haue yong cubs to their children: if they be serpents themselues, they would haue also a serpents broode. We see this to be so. It is therefore good reason, that God aduenge himselfe, when the creatures of forget themselues, and especially, when men know not, and acknowledge that God hath stretched forth his hand to lift them vp, & to communicate vnto them part of his honour, euen in a degree right vnderneath him. It behoueth we beare this always in mind. But what? Is not this a wicked & villanous vnthankfulnesse, when a man, which is in authoritie of iustice, knowes not to say, Who am I? Loe I am a poore worme of the earth, & yet God vouchsafeth that I beare his name, as in his behalfe: withall, that I execute the authoritie which he hath giuen me. When a man forgetteth thus to reason with himselfe, is he not ouermuch vnthankful? Againe, when fathers consider not to say: Lo, God which is only father of all mankind, yet notwithstanding he yeldeth vnto me this so honourable a title, it is then great reason that I aduise my selfe wel to render an account hereof. When maisters & mistresses know not to thinke thus, We are no better than others, yet God hath honoured vs, not onely in creating vs after his owne image & likenes, but in geuing vs this [Page] preeminence aboue them which are vnder our subiection, when I say men will not knowe & thinke thus, must we not say, that they are become altogether brutish & beastlie? Let vs therefore diligently note, that rebellions often times proceede from them which are in authoritie, which know not their office: namely, that they ought aboue all to procure that God haue his honor, that he be serued, & worshipped, that men yeeld subiection & obedience vnto him. True it is, that the rebellious children, people, & seruants, shal not be excused for all this: but yet we see that this is a iust vengeance of God, & by so much the more we ought to be stirred vp to followe this which is declared vnto vs, both in this place, & in all the holie scripture, where this commandement is alledged. Let euerie one of vs then haue a respect vnto his vocation, and consider to discharge our duetie in our state & calling. Let them whom God hath honored so much, as to geue them the scepter of iustice, & to place them in his seate, take good heede they rule & exercise their authoritie in the name of God, & procure that he be serued & honoured of all: let them bee as mirrours & spectacles to shew good example, let them hold their subiectes in such good awe, & rule them in such order, that the name of God be blessed, & the mouth of all euill speakers closed vp & stopped. Loe one point for them. Let fathers & mothers haue the care of well instructing their children, let them studie to make them to knowe God for their onelie father: and touching their men seruantes and maides, let them so serue themselues with them, that God haue alwayes the principall place. Let them not doe, as accustomablie men are woont, who, so they be serued to their owne profite and contentation, care not if God be forgotten. But let maisters knowe that God must beare rule ouer them: as also ouer those, which are vnder their subiection. And this is spoken and noted touching them which are in authoritie. Now on our part let vs consider, that when we haue Magistrates set ouer vs, if we be rebellious, if we presume to arme our selues against the rule of gouernment, if we seeke to subuert the order which God hath set, that wee commit not this outrage against men onelie, but that we assaile & bidde battell vnto God. And what can we winne by warring with him? Can we he the stronger in this conflict? No: but he will reuenge himselfe without striking any blowe, so that we shalbe astonnished to beholde how he shall mainteine that which by his owne mouth he hath ordeined, euen by a power admirable and wonderfull. Thus much [Page] touching the first point. And againe, let children also consider and take heede they be not ouer arrogant and presumptuous, they be not headstrong & geuen to their lustes and appetites: but that they order themselues quetly to the obedience of their fathers, knowing that they are in combate against God, when they cānot subiect themselues vnder the yoke which God putteth vpon them. Let men seruants and maides knowe, that if they refuse to be subiect vnto men whom they serue, that God is thereby offended, and that they in the end shall be found guiltie of so great a fault as this, that they would not be gouerned by his hand. Now in the meane time let vs note, that God must be obeyed first of all, that the people so obey their princes and magistrates, that this derogate & take away nothing from the right which God reserueth vnto himself, as he is also worthie thereof. If Princes will induce vs to do euill, if they will ouerthrow the pure doctrine of God (as we see ouermuch in the world that this furie and madnes is in many, which would haue religion bended at their lust, making it but an image of waxe, which would haue the seruice and worship of God ordered according to their fantasies) it pleaseth not God that we be obedient vnto them in that behalfe. For who are they? They haue lost all authoritie when they reuolt from the obedience of him, who hath the chiefe and souereigne empire. Must the diuels be forced to bend the knee before God,Phil. 2. 10. & our Lord Iesus Christ, and shal there be men found which would vsurpe such maistership, that in the meane time the honour of God shall bee ouerthrowen, and all religion cast downe to the ground? So then let vs learne so to obey both Princes, fathers, and mothers, that God reteine his entier right, fullie & wholie: and that we be not hindered, to yeld him the honour which apperteineth vnto him: but as farre as we may, without wounding our cō science, we must obey them in all quietnesse. And though they which haue authoritie ouer vs, acquite not themselues of their dutie: yet we owe them obedience, so that the children ought not despitefully to behaue themselues, when their fathers shalbe ouer sharpe & bitter vnto them, & shal exercise too great rigor against them. True it is, that fathers are forbidden to vse crueltie against their children: yea, forbidden to discourage them. But yet, although the fathers consider not to gouerne their children by gentlenesse:Ephes. 6. 4. yet ought the children to beare with it patientlie. Briefly, we ought to beare the iniuries quietlie and patientlie of all those which haue authoritie ouer vs [Page] And thus yee see what God would giue vs to vnderstand in this commandement. Now he addeth also the promise: That thy dayes, saith he, may bee prolonged, & that thou maist prosper vpon the land which the Lorde thy God giueth thee. But there resteth yet a clause in the commaundement, which for that we are hardlie ordered to humilitie, God placeth for a spurre to quicken vs forward, saying: Thy God commandeth thee this. And it serueth to the confirmation of the doctrine we haue aboue touched: namelie, that these shalbe vaine & friuolous shiftes, to call into question, whether they which are in degree of honour aboue vs, deserue so or no: whether they discharge their dutie in ttah office & authoritie wherevnto they are called, all this shifting to excuse our disobedience must be laid aside. And why? For we must content our selues with this, which God hath appointed, we must rest altogether vpon his good pleasure.

Loe, for what cause Moses here addeth in expresse termes, The eternall or euerliuing, thy GOD hath so commaunded thee: As if he did say: True it is, that men wil kicke and fling, when they shalbe rained with any bridle of obedience, one shall neuer haue their good will and leaue, to haue them in subiection. Againe, their pride and arrogancie alwayes stirreth them vp to a desire of lifting them selues ouer high. So then there shall bee no voluntarie subiection, before God beginne to worke, and to put therevnto his hand. But will you be rebellious vnto God (saith he) when you enter into these disputes? Must he beare rule ouer me? And must I obey him, when he is no better than I? If you so enuie at men, see God opposeth him selfe, and he will know whether he shalbe obeied & serued of you or no. And when he sendeth you his lieftenants, & you wil not receiue them, it is a sure & certein signe, that you refuse also his yoke, in such wise, that his iustice is violated, & he perceiueth that he is despitefullie entreated of you. Sithence it is so, know ye (saith Moses) that the children which are rebellious to fathers & mothers, shall haue happily to alledge this or that: and the people which are occasions of seditions and troubles, shal wel haue some faire tale for their defence, but this shal serue them to no purpose. And why? Because that God, which hath established rules & superiorities in the world, will also that we mainteine them. He hath pronounced the sentence herein which cannot be called back & retracted. When God hath geuen forth his ordinance & decree, we must make no questiō of our dutie, but rest therin, & haue our mouthes [Page] stopped. Now besides all this, our Lord vseth much goodnes & kindnesse towards vs, to winne vs the better to our dutie, & to allure vs to obey our superiors, when he adioyneth in the end a speciall promise. It is true, that we haue aboue seene, that God sheweth mercie in a thousande generations vppon them which loue him: and this was annexed vnto the commaundement, where God declared vnto vs, that he would his seruice should bee kepte in all puritie, that wee decline not to idolatrie and superstition. But the promise whiche is there, is extended to the whole lawe, as wee haue seene: but this is belonging only to the commaundement of obeying of fathers & mothers. Therefore when we see that this is a sacrifice agreeable vnto God, let those which are vnder subiection hold themselues therin, let them not shew themselues outragious & rebellious, but let them bend their necke to be ordered in all obedience, and let them shew that indeede they are willing to yeald obedience vnto God: forasmuch as they refuse not to bee subiect vnto mortall men, whom hee hath sene and set ouer them in his owne name. Yee see then to what purpose this promise is giuen: namelie, that God seeing how hard and dull wee are at spurre, would hereby mollifie our heartes, and winne vs by all mildnesse and gentlenesse, that wee take it not in euill part to bee in subiection, and that it seeme not an harde and grieuous thing vnto vs to obey our superiours. But because the whole can not nowe be dispatched, let vs brieflie beare in minde, that for to serue God the better, wee must beate dawne all pride and presumption which is in vs. And albeit by nature we haue this cursed roote of desire to be lifted vp aboue others, though ambition reigneth both in small and great: yet ought we notwithstanding for preparing of our selues to the seruice of God, remoue this wholie from vs. And why? Because humilitie is the first & principall step to all true obedience. Now touching men, let vs note well, that wee can not liue together in vnitie and concord, except they whom God hath placed in dignitie and authoritie be obeyed, except they be receiued in his name, except men be subiect vnto them. Otherwise, it must needes come to passe, that all order and policie being peruerted and ouerthrowen, our condition become worse than the state of brute and sauage beasts amiddest the wild forrestes. And so all they which are rebelles, and resist lawefull authoritie, are enimies of GOD, of nature, and of all mankind: these are monsters, whom wee ought to abhorre and [Page] detest. Now when we shall haue shewed our obedience in subiecting our selues vnto them, whom God hath set ouer vs, let vs learne also, that we haue great reason to humble our selues vnder him, and that in such sorte, that he bee serued and worshipped of vs, not by ceremonies, but in trueth, and in a pure conscience, with the honour which apperteineth to him. And herevnto are wee lead by all the rules and principalities in the world, knowing that God ought to haue his authoritie and preeminence so farre aboue them, as his seate aboue the heauens, is higher than theirs vppon the earth. So then, as we are to remember that the children must obey their fathers and mothers, that the people must yeald all dutifull subiection to their magistrats, that in euerie familie and houshold, such order as God hath established, must bee obserued: as he will there bee such degrees among men: so let vs beare in minde, that this ought to drawe vs higher: namelie, to knowe that God, who hath souereigne empire and authoritie ouer the world, ought to beare rule ouer all creatures: briefly, ouer our whole life. And by so much the more we see how this cursed Papasie ought to be detested of vs. For see there an hautie empire lifted vp ouer the whole world, but to what other end, than to thrust God beside his throne, and to bereaue him of the honour which pertenieth vnto him? For the Pope will readilie alledge vs, that men ought to bee subiect to their superiours. But what? Maketh he any account either of the order of God, or of nature? None at all, but contrariwise, spitefullie raging against all authoritie of holy scripture, he ouerthroweth all order and rule of policie, which God hath commaunded vs. He will call him selfe, The vicar of Iesus Christ: and yet wee see howe he plucketh God out of his throne, and will not suffer him to bee head of the Church. Let vs therefore learne to haue in detestation this rule and authoritie, which the diuell hath set vp in this worlde, opposite altogether and cleane contrarie to that which God hath commaunded. And in the meane time, albeit wee see that thinges haue not the course they ought to haue, so that superiours abuse their power, let vs knowe, that they can not peruert, and take away this, which God hath instituted, concerning empires and kingdomes. As for the authoritie of iustice, it must bee mainteined and preserued: for it hath his foundation of God: it is not with it as with this diuelish Papasie, which had no foundatiō: but let vs know, that GOD will alwayes haue in this world Kings, Princes, and [Page] other Iusticiaries. This order therefore must be kept and obserued, and when they acquite not them selues of their dutie, when fathers shall vse tyrannie towardes their children, let vs bewaile our selues, being certeinelie persuaded, that this proceedeth from our sinnes: & when God suffereth, that the order which he hath instituted be not obserued, but that all is confused and disordered, let vs know, that with so much greater diligence we ought to haue recourse vnto him, praying him that he will restore things to such an estate, that all may see that we desire no other thing than to bee gouerned by him, as by the which meane he procureth our saluation.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our God, with acknowledging of our faultes, praying him to make vs feele them better than wee haue done, to the end that in true repentaunce wee learne to displease our selues for to returne vnto him, profiting herein dailie more and more, vntill the time, that being ridde of all our vices, wee be fullie reformed vnto his iustice. And so let vs all say, Almightie God, &c.

The. 8. Sermon.

Deut. Chap. 5.‘17 Thou shalt doe no murder.’

WE haue alredie sene how, for the better ordring of our life with men, we ought to yeald obedience to those which haue any superioritie ouer vs. For this is the first thing which God commaundeth vs in the second table of the lawe: and euen comming from him selfe vnto men, he placeth this as the meane betwene both, to honor them, whom he hath appointed ouer vs. It is true, that when we speake of men, we vnderstand some like and equall fellowship. For wee are all descended from the stocke of Adam, wee are of the same nature, and all this importeth that men are of like equalitie. But this notwithstanding, seeing it hath pleased almightie GOD, to appoint certeine degrees, wee must returne vnto [Page] this point, and obserue this order, that he which hath any preeminence, be so esteemed & accounted of amongest men. And we ought not here to make this allegation: Why? Is he better than I? For this difference of degrees proceedeth not from this, that one is better than another: but this is, because it pleaseth God to giue preeminence vnto some, whom he will also haue honored. Now this is not sufficient, that childrē honor their fathers by bearing som reuerence to them: but they must succour them, they must employ them selues for their behoofe and commoditie, as much as shalbe possible. And in verie deed Iesus Christ sheweth,Marc. 7. 11▪ that there is nothing but meere hypocrisie, when the children shall onely make some signe of loue or honour to fathers and mothers, & in the meane while leaue them helplesse in neede and necessitie. This is to defraude parentes of their right, this is to mocke the lawe of God, when men will so obserue it by way of outward ceremonies. As much is to be said of all subiection. For it is required that we make not some signe only of honor, but that wee render all the right of dutifullnesse which apperteineth vnto him, which is in any preeminence aboue vs: yea, and that wee doe this of our owne accorde and goodwill. Men trulie would be exempted from all kinde of bondage and subiection: but seeing God hath ordeined so diuersse an order, we must frame our selues therevnto, and that not by force and constraint. For what account shall be made of this, if we obey God in despite of our teeth, and our hearte driue alwayes the contrarie way, and drawe cleane backward? Our will therefore must bee present in this behalfe, and we must account it as sweete and pleasaunt, whatsoeuer our Lord hath commaunded vs. You see then wherein consisteth the first step and degree of honest and vpright walking with men: namelie, that wee knowe, that fathers and mothers, and all others which are lifted vp to any dignitie aboue vs, must haue the honour and obedience which apperteineth vnto them, otherwise God is dishonoured in their persons: and this is as much, as if we refused to do him homage, & to yeld our selues subiect to him. Now in the next place after this fift cōmandement, Moses addeth, That we cōmit no murder. It is true, that at the first sight it would seme, God should prescribe vs no great perfection in forbidding vs murders. But we haue to note that God would comprise in some short sentence, all that whiche were requisite to the well ordering of our whole life. And therefore it was not for him to forget or [Page] leaue any thing behinde. Now we must knowe, that the life of men shall then bee well ordered, when they absteine from doing of euill, from all wrong, and violence: againe, when they walke honestlie, in all chastitie, when they doe no hurt one to an other, when they shall keepe their tongues also from harming their neighbors, by lying, or any slaunderous speaking. All these good properties ought to bee in vs, if we will conforme our selues to the will and iustice of God. So then wee ought not to maruell that God speaketh here expressely of murders. For this is the better to bridle vs, that wee presume not to commit any outrage, or attempt any way to harme our neighbours. But for all this, let vs beare in minde, that whiche before we haue touched: namelie, that God hath spoken after a grosse & rude manner, to applie him selfe to all sortes of men, and to be vnderstood euen of the most idiotes. For wee see how euerie one excuseth him selfe of ignoraunce: and if a thing be somwhat hard and obscure, it seemeth to vs, that wee may wash our handes as innocent and guiltlesse, if we shall haue failed in our dutie: and if wee can say, Oh this was ouer high, and to profound for me, and I could neuer come to any vnderstanding of the matter: we thinke all is cocksure. To the end therfore that men might no longer haue such shiftes, God would speake in such sorte, that euen little children might vnderstand what he saith. That is the cause, why in so shorte and plaine wise he saith, Thou shalt doe no murder. Moreouer, let vs note, that God, to bring vs by little and little to liue well, proposeth vnto vs those thinges, which are most detestable, & most to be abhorred: that we might lerne thereby to take heede of doing euill. For example in this place, he might well haue said: Ye shall doe no iniurie, ye shall vse no violence with your neighbours. Hee might well haue spoken thus. But he woulde rather speake in this place of murder. And why? Because this is a thing contrarie to nature, when men aduaunce them selues to deface the image of God. We must then needes haue murders in horrour and detestation, except we be altogether brutish and beastlie. How euer it bee, this teacheth vs, that the thing is ouer enormous and outragious, and which wee ought to detest and haue in execratiō, which is as murder. God therfore, to the end he might hold vs in more strong and sure bondes, and the better withdrawe vs from all harme doing, and from all wrong and iniurie, sheweth vs, that wee ought not to pollute and defile our handes in the bloud of our neighbours. [Page] Well then: when one absteineth from murder, is this all which is required? Nay, there wanteth yet verie much, as anon shall appeare, when we haue more fullie declared this matter. For God will hold both our heartes, and our thoughtes in subiection he will be serued in such pure and sincere manner, that we nourish within vs no euill will against our neighbours. Therefore, when he speaketh of murder, it is as if he said: Marke ye, and be heedfull in this matter: If you had not the written lawe, if you were altogether as the Painims: yet should you haue this imprinted in your heartes, that murder is a thing wicked and detestable. Now I declare to you, that I hold & condemne for murderers all those which commit any outrage against their neighbours, all those which deuise any thing against them, all those which nourish within their heartes hatred and rancour. Loe how God interpreteth him selfe. Now let vs diligentlie note, that not without great cause, our Lorde hath forbidden such murders. And why? Because we can not dwell with men, but in absteining from all iniurie and violence. Howbeit, vnder one speciall kinde, he hath forbidden the whole. And why? For if he had vsed many woordes, and made some long discourse, one might haue said: I remember not so long a lesson, and it was to hard for me. Loe why God would speake in one word, euen to the end his doctrine might by and by be learned, & that his lawe might easily bee imprinted in memorie. We neede not turne ouer many leaues, wee neede not haue any great registers, and volumes: this sufficeth, that God hath in ten woordes comprised the rule of well liuing. What shall he now be, which may alledge, and say: I haue forgotten such an article, I haue not vnderstood it. For can we not beare in minde ten woordes? Wee see then now, how God would hold men conuicted of shamlesnesse, when they haue not well vnderstood that, which they ought to doe. Yee see then why God hath spoken after so briefe and short a maner. Moreouer, he hath so chewed these things, as the Prouerbe is, that digesting of them, we might learne to order our selues peceably to him: yea, that the most idiotes might knowe, that it needeth not to bee any great Clerke to vnderstand the lawe of God, seeing he hath descended so lowe, and framed him selfe so to our capacitie, that there is no poore wretch so ignorant, whiche may not comprehend and vnderstand that which is conteined in the lawe. Loe, what wee haue briefly to beare in minde. Nowe seeing it is so, that [Page] God hath forbidden murder, as a wicked and detestable thing, wee haue to knowe first of all, that he which lifteth himselfe vp to kill and murder his neighbours, is not worthie to bee nourished on the earth, as beeing worse natured than the brute beastes. For wee see how the Beares, the Lions, and other wilde and sauage beastes, spare those which are of their owne kinde, & are like them selues. And why? Although they want all reason to discerne good from euill, albeit they haue neither lawe nor equitie: yet notwithstanding, euen this acknowledging of a common and like nature betweene them selues, withholdeth them from all crueltie. Shall then the brute beastes knowe well, howe to liue without hurting of their owne kinde: and shall it not bee an ouergreat shame, that men may not bee withhelde by some consideration, seeing that God hath imprinted in their heartes, howe wicked and execrable a thing murder is? They see they are all of the same nature, euerie one doth behold the image of GOD in his neighbour, and should not this serue them for a bridle to withhold them from all violence and wrong doing? Whither might our furie further leade vs? So then let vs remember, that albeit God had not spoken, wee are alreadie conuicted by the testimonie of our owne cons [...]ience, That who so armeth him selfe against his neighbour, despiteth nature, and is not worthie to bee accounted in the number of men. But now, sith the authoritie of GOD is matched with that, which alreadie wee knowe, by the guide and direction of nature: and seeing he sheweth vs, that the bloud of men can not bee shedde, but wee shall bee accountable thereof vnto him: when wee heare this, let vs learne to walke without iniuring of any: or otherwise let vs knowe, that GOD will bee our mortall enimie, as hauing alreadie declared, that all men are vnder his garde and protection. It is true, that this threate is not here expressed: but it is sufficient, that he hath spoken hereof in other places. For when he saith: That man is created to the image of GOD,Gen. 1. 27. it is not lawefull to make any assault vppon him. For it is asmuch, as if our Lorde did say, You wage battell with mee, when you doe thus seeke to hurt one an other. For I haue imprinted mine image and likenesse in you.

If one deface the armes of some Prince, it is an iniurie [Page] so great, that it shalbe reuenged and punished as murder. And why? For this in like sort tendeth to the confusion of all order and policie. But loe the image of God, which is imprinted in men, and one despiseth it: must not such an outragious villaine bee double punished? So then note we, that God, in declaring that it is against him that men arme them selues, when they doe iniurie to men, would shewe vs, that this ought to withhold vs from doing them wrong, except we be beereaued of all sense, & beecome mad & furious. And further, to the end we might better aduise our selues in this thing, our Lorde declareth, there can not bee a murder committed, but the earth therewith must needes bee polluted and defiled. As it is handled hereof in an other place, where it is said, That the effusion of mans bloud in it selfe importeth a filth,Num. 35. 33 and vncleanesse and such a blot, which scarse can bee wiped out.1. Chro. 22. 8 When mention is made of killing, euen in a battell allowed and approued, yet is it said: That a man thereby is become vncleane. And why? Because wee might learne thereby, to haue in greater horror and detestation the effusion of bloud. If an enimie be killed in open battell, although God pardon this, because he which staieth him, hath iust and lawfull cause thereof, and doth it for necessitie: yet notwithstanding it is said, That the man which hath slaine him is polluted and made vncleane. And why? To the end we might knowe, that God hath created vs to liue together in peace, and that wee can not geue one fillippe (as they say) but that wee defile our selues, and wee beecome by and by vncleane before the face of God. Therefore, when the holie scripture vseth all these formes of speaking, ought we not so much the better be withholden from doing of iniurie to any of our neighbours? Yes verily. Now withall, seeing God hath handled these thinges according to our rudenesse and infirmitie, let vs note, that albeit we shed not bloud: yet this sufficeth not, except wee absteine from all outragious and violent dealing. Briefly, let vs vnderstand, that the persons of men must bee accounted deare and pretious in our eyes. For, vntill wee be come to such perfection, God shall alwayes account vs for murderers. If any one strike his neighbour, albeit he slaie him not, loe he is alreadie a murderer before God. And why? We haue alreadie said, that God hath purposely vsed that word, to the end he might declare to vs, that howe euer wee esteeme them as light and little faultes, to bee the occasion of tumultes, and seditions, to haue giuen some crosse-blowe, [Page] that he notwithstanding shall not account so of these things, as wee doe. Wherefore? They are all as weightie as murder. Ye see then why God hath thus spoke. Therefore, as he hath forbidden vs murder: so let vs knowe, that he hath interdicted vs to doe any iniurie, or vse any violence towardes our neighbours. When wee haue done nothing, but lifted vp our dagger against any one, and haue touched him in anger and indignation, behold a murder is committed in the sight of God. If wee would well consider of this, shoulde wee not bee much more sober in our dealinges than wee are? Wee shall see some so cholerike, that if one displese them, but with a word, loe forthwith the dagger is drawen to strike and to beate him. For it seemeth vnto them, that so there be no bloud drawen, the matter is not great: but howe easie soeuer they bee in their iudgementes, the sentence of God can not bee retracted, when he declareth, That all murders are mutinies and seditions, and all mutinies murders. So then let vs learne to laie aside our owne fantasies, when we will be iudges of our owne faults, & let vs quietlie and peaceably receiue the sentence which God hath giuen: and knowe we, that all those which violentlie attempt any thing against their neighbours, are alreadie guiltie of murder before God. Loe what we haue briefly to beare in minde. But now, to make a triall whether wee absteine from all harme doing, from committing any outrage against the persons of our neighbours, wee must come to the examining of our heartes and secrete thoughtes. For God hath not giuen some ciuil lawe onely, to cause vs to liue honestlie:Iohn. 4. 2 [...]. but he hath giuen a lawe conuenient & agreeable to his owne nature. We know that he is a spirit, & will be worshipped in spirit and truth. Seeing it is so, it behoueth vs to knowe, that he hath prescribed a rule, not only for our hands & feete, but for our thoughtes also & affections. It is true, that men, as they are carnall, when first the lawe of God is pronounced to them, they thinke they haue well acquited them selues, when they are faultlesse before the world. On the other side, they are verie readie, by enlarging their conscience, to dispense with them selues, & to take all libertie of doing euill. And this is the cause why euen the Iewes, which ought to haue bene nourished from their infancie in the lawe of GOD,Mat. 5. 2 [...]. they tooke this commaundement, Thou shalt not kill, ouer grosselie, vnderstanding that they offended not GOD in this pointe, if so be they had not openlie set on their neighbour, to wound [Page] and to hurte him. Therefore, except the fault were euident and apparant to the eyes of men, it seemed vnto them that it ought not to bee imputed vnto them before the face of GOD. But our Lord Iesus reproueth them of this, shewing them, that the lawe is spirituall, and expounded of them verie sottishlie. When it is saide, Thou shalt not kill: you thinke (saith he) that you shalbe absolued as guiltlesse before GOD, when men can not bring you to the barre for it: But I tell you, that whosoeuer shall call his neighbour Foole: that is to say, doth but declare any token of indignation against him, is worthie to bee punished with hell fire: Whosoeuer iniurieth an other, is culpable of a Councell and constitution from heauen, so that GOD and all his Angels shall arme them selues against him: Whosoeuer murmureth against his neighbour, who so muttereth and grummeleth (I knowe not what) betweene his teeth: although he doe not open iniurie, is in daunger of iudgement. Wee see to what point our Lorde Iesus leadeth vs: namelie, to shew that albeit wee shalbe able to protest, that wee haue committed no outrage, that wee haue not lifted vp our fist to giue one blowe, much lesse drawen our sworde against our neighbour, and that wee haue not wounded him, that yet this is not enough: But know yee, saith he, that GOD will beare rule ouer your tongues, ouer your thoughtes, and ouer all your affections, as by good reason he ought. Seeing it is so, who so euer shall haue spoken euill of his neighbour, the same is alreadie a murderer: for the tongue is as a sharpe swoorde. Therefore, albeit you shoulde haue neither sworde nor dagger to strike withall, when the tongue is so armed, to speake euill against your neighbours, when you abuse their persons, it is a kinde of murder in the sight and iudgement of GOD: and although you haue done no open and manifest iniurie, yet thinke yee not to bee quited for all this: for when you shall haue but muttered and mumbled something betweene your lippes against them, it sufficeth to make you culpable and guiltie before GOD, you shalbe condemned from the highe throne of the heauens, albeit you bee absolued before men, and that earthlie iudgement proceede not against you. When we heare this, let vs knowe, that it is he, whom GOD the father hath giuen to iudge the world, [Page] who speaketh vnto vs. We ought not therefore here to dispense more largelie with our selues:1. Pet▪ 4. 5. for wee shall gaine nothing by all our cauilling shiftes: but let vs learne to haue respect alwayes vnto GOD, to haue a right and true exposition of the lawe. For what is he whiche speaketh? He whiche beareth rule ouer our heartes and thoughtes, he which will not bee serued of vs with eye seruice, he which is not contented that before men we absteine from doing of euill, but will bee worshipped in spirit and trueth: who will haue that our consciences bee chaste and pure, that we bee purged from all wickednesse. Thus when wee shall haue respect vnto the nature of GOD, wee must no longer extend the lawe of GOD to the outwarde woorkes: but wee ought to conclude, that when God speaketh of murders, he vnderstandeth all enimitie, he speaketh of all anger & indignation, of all rancour & malice against our neighbours. And in deede,1▪ Iohn. 3. 15. that is the verie cause, why expreslie S. Iohn saith, that he whiche hateth his brother in his hearte, is a manstear. As if he did say: You may make many faire countenaunces, but albeit the hatreds you conceiue, bee verie hidden and secret, and that you dissemble so deepelie, that you shewe no token of malice against your neighbours: thinke yee not for all this, that GOD hath his eyes shut and closed vp. Well it may bee hidden and priuie from men, whiche you haue not made open and manifest: but when you hated your neighbours in your heartes, that is to say, most secretelie, in such sorte, that none bee able to perceiue it: yet loe notwithstanding a murder committed before God. And in verie deede, the reason of this is most euident and manifest. It is true, that when the Princes and Magistrates of this worlde make lawes, it is not after the manner and fashion of GOD: but to this end onely, that euerie one rule and gouerne him selfe according to outwarde order and policie, that none bee openlie iniuried, but that euerie one haue his right, and that peace and concord bee mainteined among men.

That is the intent and meaning of Magistrates, when they make their lawes. And why? They are mortall men, they can not refourme the inwarde and hidden affections:Act. [...]. 24. this apperteineth vnto GOD, they sound not the hearte: for this is the proper office of GOD, as the holie scripture attributeth [Page] it vnto him. But yet this notwithstanding, when a ciuil lawe is made, although one shedde not one droppe of bloud: yet is he adiudged worthie to bee led to the gallowes, if it shall bee knowen and proued, that he endeuored with all his might to haue murdered one. If a man hath drawen his sword vppon one who wardeth off the blowes, in such sort, that he touched not his skinne: yet notwithstanding, the lawes, euen of the Painims, condemne such a man to the gibbet, as well worthie thereof. And why? For the lawe regardeth not what is happened, but respecteth the counsell and purpose of men. Seeing then earthlie Princes and Magistrates punish him, which endeuoureth with all his might to doe euill, although beeing hindered, he bee not come to the full end of his enterprise, what shalbe thought of God? Shall he haue lesse authoritie than a mortall creature? Beholde (I say) to what point wee ought to come, if wee will knowe, that of good right God condemneth all them, whiche hate their neighbours. And why? Consider wee (I say) what his nature is. Will wee therefore obserue this commaundement? Wee must beginne in short and summarie wise with murder. And why? For God would haue vs preuented and foretaken with some fright and horror, that when we thinke of hurting our neighbors, of committing any violence, of doing any iniurie, wee remember that this is an horrible and detestable thing, which he can by no meanes bee able to suffer. And why? Because this is a kinde of murder. Yee see then howe GOD at the first would daunt vs, and this is the point whereat we ought to beginne. And if we thinke it a straunge thing, that God condemneth one boxe on the eare for murder: nay, one verball iniurie, as we may terme it, which is done but in a woord: yea, one wayward grudging, be it neuer so secretlie hidden within vs, if wee account it straunge, that this bee condemned as murder before God, let vs consider what his nature is, and that he deserueth to haue more yealded vnto him than vnto mortall men. But earthlie Iudges punish an euill and wicked affection, when it sheweth it selfe: what shall then God doe, vnto whom nothing is hidden? And againe, we haue to note that, which the Apostle saith in the Epistle to the Hebrewes,Heb. 4. 12. That the woord of GOD resembleth him which is the authour thereof, so that it must bee as a two edged sword, whiche pearceth euen to the marrowe of the bones, that there is no thought in vs whiche it searcheth not. And why? For nothing is hidden in [Page] the presence of God. Seeing it is so, that nothing is hidden before GOD, it behoueth that this woord proue and sound the depth of our heartes. So then it is necessarie, that all that which is secrete and vnknowen vnto men, come into account before God: and by this wee bee admonished to walke in such sorte, that wee beare no enimitie nor euill will vnto our neighbours. But yet notwithstanding, wee must proceede further. For this is not enough, that men absteine from doing of euill, seeing they are created to aid and helpe one an other, and to mainteine and defende one an other. God therefore, in forbidding of murders, sheweth on the contrarie side, that the life of our neighbours ought to bee deare vnto vs, that we ought to employ all our trauell and paine, to preserue and mainteine it, as much as in vs lieth. But he would beginne at the negatiue point, the better to declare vnto vs, that whiche he commaundeth. And why? For we see how vicious and wicked we are: as many thoughts as are in vs, so many thornes & briers are there within vs: as many affections as wee haue, so many brambles and thistles: & such like thinges growe in vs. GOD therefore, not without great cause, would plucke out of our heartes, and out of our thoughtes, the wickednesse and the vice wherewith they are ouergrowen: yea, he would correct euerie euill and corrupt part of vs. For without this,Iere. 4. 4▪ it is not possible to moue one finger to that whiche is good, nay: it is impossible to haue one good thought. This is the cause, why the Prophete saith, That men must breake vp their fallowe ground, and not sowe among the thornes, as if he said: I see well what you doe: when one telleth you, that you haue offended God, you counterfeite some faire countenaunce, and it seemeth that you bee as it were reformed, and yet you alwayes continue the same you were. But it is not enough to sowe in a field, but one must ridde the grounde of rootes and thistles, and first breake vp the ground, whiche hath lien fallowe. But while you doe nothing else, but endeuour to appeare faire vnto the eye, the thornes, the brambles, the nettles, and such other like euill weedes remaine still within. Yee shall not therefore haue any good seede, so farre shall yee bee from bearing of good fruite. And for the same cause our Lorde saith here, Thou shalt not kill: in steede of saying: Take ye heede ye defend and preserue the life of your neighbours. And verilie we see, by common experience, how men would [Page] acquite them selues before GOD, with some faire shewe and appearaunce, when notwithstanding they reteine still their vices and corruptions, according to that which wee haue alledged of the Prophete. For if one exhort vs to doe well vnto our neighbours, true it is, wee knowe not how wee might altogether contradict and gainsaie him. Wee would therefore acquite our selues in some sorte, but yet our filthie corruptions remaine still within vs, and wee doe but plaster and white lime them ouer, as they which would bee at no great cost doe, when their houses are ruinous and full of cleftes. For what doe they? They stop vp the holes and creuises with morter, and plaster them ouer, and all this while the runious and decaide places of their houses remaine still vurepaired. So is it with vs, wee plaster and parget ouer, and so wee would lightlie discharge our selues in our dutie. And yet nature teacheth vs the contrarie: for if one will sowe a field, will he cast his corne among briers and thornes? No: but when he seeth his ground, after it hath bene laide fallowe, to bee couered with thistles and thornes, he breaketh it vp with the plough, he grubbeth vp the brambles, he manureth and tilleth it.

Let vs then learne, that not without great cause GOD condemneth first of all the vices which are in vs. For he seeth well, that they haue taken deepe roote, and that he shall neuer bee able to hold vs in such a stay, as to cause vs to walke according to the rule of his iustice, except he first plucke vp this cursed roote of euill which he knoweth to bee within vs. Loe, why he saith: Thou shalt not kill, as if he said: Will you liue in mutuall loue and charitie one with an other? It behoueth that euerie one enter into himselfe, you must all diligentlie examine your owne heartes, whether you beare any hatred, any enimitie, any euill will against your neighbours, whiche may occasion you to attempt any one thing against them.

Let vs then beare in minde all these thinges: and let vs knowe, that when wee shalbe purged from all anger and choler, from all hatred, from all iniuries and wronges, wee must then come to this point, to vnderstand, that it sufficeth not that we abstaine from all harme and iniurie, from all violence and oppression, that we haue attempted nothing against the persons of our neighbours, that [Page] wee nourish no hatred nor malice in our heartes, against them, whome wee haue borne euill will vnto: but wee must liue in all loue and charitie, wee must bee as brethren ioyned and vnited together, to woorshippe GOD as our common father. Yee see what the point is wherevnto wee must come in this commaundement.

So then let vs note, that when wee will profite in the lawe of GOD, wee must haue respect vnto the vices and imperfections, whiche are within vs, displeasing our selues in them, and endeuouring by all our might and power to roote them out of vs. Haue we done this? This is not yet all: for GOD will not haue vs to bee idle in this worlde, he hath created vs not onely to abstaine from all euill: (for the stones, and blockes, and other insensible creatures doe so much as that is:) but he hath made vs to doe well, and therefore men must applie and endeuour them selues herevnto.

Knowe wee therefore, that when our Lorde will, that the life of our neighbours bee deare and pretious vnto vs, he teacheth vs withall, that he whiche shall not aide and helpe his neighbours in their necessitie, slaieth them, as much as in him lieth. And so let vs remember, that we shall not onelie then bee guiltie of murder, when wee beare some priuie rancour and euill will against our neighbours: but that then also, when wee shall not haue relieued, and succoured them in their needes and extremities, when wee shall not haue employed all our paines for them when they stande in neede of our helpe: wee shalbe culpable of manslaughter before the face of GOD. Seeing it is so, wee must not in this place seeke howe to flatter our selues: for wee see what the rigour of the lawe is, albeit in no point excessiue. For can wee so refuse and take our leaue of GOD, as not to bee knitte and vnited together with men, whom he hath created to his owne image and likenesse? Shall wee not beare this reuerence to him, who is our father, that wee liue in a fraternitie and brotherhod one with an other, seeing he hath lincked vs together in such a bond? Shall we say that God presseth vs ouermuch, that he laieth vpon vs to heauie a burthen, when he leadeth and directeth vs to such equitie and vprightenesse? Howsoeuer the case standeth, [Page] let vs take heede wee flatter not our selues, when wee haue intelligence of the minde of our Lorde, who will haue vs employ our selues, & bestowe all our aides to aide and helpe one another, seeing the life of our neighbours ought to be so pretious vnto vs, as it is deare vnto him. Now haue wee the exposition and meaning of this commaundement, Thou shalt do no murder. What resteth then, but that we pray vnto God, so to guide and conduct vs, that wee may as we ought, frame and conforme our selues vnto his will? For it is to no purpose to alledge that his wordes are obscure and hard, or to alledge that there are so many commaundementes, that wee cannot beare them in minde. For God hath spoken and declared his minde in one worde, and vsed such breuitie, euen for this cause onely, to bereaue vs of all excuse. Againe, that we might not alledge that wee know not at which end, or where to beginne, the better to vnderstand the meaning of this commaundement, he teacheth vs this point also: namelie, that we must not, as our woont is, geue our selues leaue to do euill vnder this colour of persuading with our conscience, that it is no mortall and deadlie sinne which we attempt: but we must alwayes thinke the contrarie, to say thus: If I doe the least harme a man may possiblie name vnto my neighbour, I am a murderer before God. This we ought to thinke: for when we are willing to doe euill, loe the diuell is at hand to blinde vs herein, to be willing at the first to kill, and to cut a mans throte. This (as I haue said) seemeth vnto vs a fearefull and cruell thing: for nature withholdeth vs from such rage and furie, as to saie: I will kill and murder. But when one shall haue grieued and angred vs: well, wee fume and fret with him, and this seemeth nothing. But are we despitefullie handled? We will endeuor, as farre as we are able, to quite him with the like: and if we vse no extreame and violent stercenesse, we thinke we may well be pardoned. Are we more abused? We drawe our dagger, and wee strike our neighbour: but it shall bee but one blowe, and no deadlie wound geuen, and then wee thinke there is no murder committed. Behold how men dispense with themselues. And why is this? Because they thinke of no other thing, but how to diminishe their faultes. But it behooueth vs, as God hath taught and instructed vs, to followe a contrarie order to this: that is, that when wee think of doing wrong, of striking and beating our neighbours, of conceiuing any hate or despite against them, wee set murder alwayes [Page] before our eyes, and thinke: Poore and wretched creature, whither runnest thou, whither doest thou cast thy selfe headlong, when thou seekest to be culpable and guiltie of murder before God? So then let vs not make this vaine allegatiō, that we know not how or where to begin, for God teacheth and sheweth vs, & we cannot be ignorant of any thing, but wilfullie and wittingly: and it cannot but appeare manifest in the end, that wee would not cast aside our eyes to see and knowe that which might haue beene visible and apparant vnto vs. Loe what we haue to beare in mind in this place. And withall let vs remember, that God hath first forbidden murders, not mentioning any thing of charitie, and not shewing vs before that we are bounde to succour one another as neede and necessitie requireth. And why? For wee are full fraughted with wicked lustes and affections, which of necessitie must first bee rooted out, as a ground which is full of thornes and briers, must first before it can bee sowed be ploughed vp, and ridde of all his weedes, as wee haue aboue saide. So is it behoofull and expedient, that wee bee purged of the vices which by nature are in vs, or otherwise wee shall neuer bee disposed to walke in true and perfect loue one with another. So then now it remaineth, that euerie one consider of his owne abilitie and power, and so bethinke himselfe of discharging his duetie towardes his neighbours. If I shall haue wherewith to aide them, I must conclude and resolue my selfe on this, that whatsoeuer God hath bestowed on me, it is not for my selfe, that is to say: that I should onelie loue and tender mine owne person, but I must haue an eye vnto others: and when I haue the meanes whereby to succour and helpe them which stand in neede of mine aide, I must diligently employ my selfe herein. For there is a communitie and fellowshippe betweene men. God would not create so many seuerall worldes as persons, but hee hath lincked vs all together. Seeing therefore it is so, that God hath placed vs one so neare another, wee must obserue and keepe this communion wherein God hath ioyned vs, and not forget that it is against nature for vs to hate our owne flesh. But now betweene the faithfull there is another greater regard and consideration to be had, than this wee haue spoken of. For they ought to knowe, that they are not onelie formed to the image of God, but they must also consider,Ephes. 5. 3 [...]. that they are all members of our Lorde Iesus Christ, and that there is a more streight and surer band wherwith they are coupled, [Page] than this of nature which is common and apperteineth alike to all mankinde. And by so much the more ought wee to detest those which so forget all the vnion and coniunction which God hath set among his people, and all those which desire nothing els but to bring to vtter ruine and destruction that which God hath vnited and coupled, and to teare asunder the bodie of the Church. As we see the ministers of Sathan doe, which are wholie set on euill and mischiefe, that it semeth they would despite God, how they separate themselues from them by whom they thinke they can receiue no profit, and who serue not for their lust and fansie. When so brutish and enormious an affection shall be in vs, is it not a signe that the diuell possesseth vs, and that the spirit of God dwelleth not within vs: yea, that wee haue not one droppe thereof? Now therefore let vs learne so to rule our selues to this commaundement, that being purged from all rancour all malice, and euill will, we haue diligent consideration of employing our selues to serue and minister to our neighbours, and to acquite our selues of our duetie towardes them, according to the meane and abilitie which God hath geuen vs. And if euill thoughts and affections, although they be very secret and hidden, are accounted for murders before GOD: what shall bee said of the violent dealinges, of the oppressions, and excessiue demeanours of them which ouerflow their bankes so farre, as that they are redie to beate and to kill their neighbours, as much as lieth in them? Must wee not account them worse than all the Painims in the worlde? But how euer it bee, let vs on our part consider, that wee shall haue euill pro [...]ited in the schoole of GOD, if we keepe our handes onely from doing of euill, and our hearts in the meane time be not corrected and reformed. And further, they which will shewe what is the true perfection of Christians, must not onely abstaine from nourishing any secrete malice and euill will in their heartes,1. Pet. 2. 17. but they must declare themselues to bee brethren truelie, and in deede, by employing themselues for the behalf and commoditie of their neighboures, as much as shall be possible for them. Now if it bee not lawfull to nourish any secrete euill will, much lesse is it permitted to behaue our selues so inordinatelie, as to strike, and to kill, and to exercise any violence. And who so order themselues so, are as wilde and sauage beastes. And if this affection and desire of euill doing hath bene condemned by mans lawes, what shall this be, when the [Page] lawe of GOD condemneth vs? Let vs therefore learne to haue an eye vnto him and not consider of our faultes but according to his nature. And because he is a spirite, and will bee serued of vs in all integritie and vprightnesse,Ioh. 4. 24. let vs remember, that when wee shall haue withhelde our handes and feete from doing of euill, we must also haue our hearts pliable vnto him: yea, and that in such subiection and obedience, that we desire nothing, but by our deeds to shew and proue, that we are truely and in deede his children, liuing in true fraternitie and brotherlie loue, with all them which are called with vs into the same coniunction and fellowship.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our good God, with acknowledging of our faultes, praying that it will please him to make vs feele them better than we haue done: and that knowing how hee hath bounde vs to our neighboures, and will haue vs make proofe of the feare wee beare him in withdrawing our selues from all euill, from all iniurie and violence: let vs pray him to graunt vs the grace to walke in such brotherlie loue and charitie one with an other, that wee all shoote at this especiall and principall marke: namelie, to honour him as our father, and to leaue our selues to bee gouerned by him and his holie spirite, according vnto his worde: and pray wee that we bee more and more confirmed in this, knowing that hee hath reached forth his hande, euen to conduct and holde vs vnder his protection. That it will please him to graunt this grace not onely vnto vs, but to all people and nations of the earth, &c.

The. 9. Sermon.

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Deut. Chap. 5.‘18. Thou shalt not committe adulterie.’

SAint Paule speaking of the life of Christians,Tit. 2. 12. hauing exhorted them to the feare of God, addeth that they must walke righteously and soberly. Now, there is no doubt, but that this apperteineth to the second table of the lawe. Will wee then obserue that which God commaundeth vs in the seconde table? It sufficeth not that wee doe not any wrong or iniurie vnto any, either in his person, or in his goodes: but besides this doctrine, it is further required, that wee liue in all temperance and honestie. And to this purpose mention is made hereof, in this former place which I haue alledged to Titus, where it is said, That wee haue beene redeemed by the grace of our Lorde Iesus Christ, to the end we should liue in this world in the feare of God, and soberlie and righteouslie. In another place to Timothie he saith,1. Tim. 2. 2. That if there be a good policie and rule of gouernment obserued, wee shall walke iustlie and honestly in all godlinesse. Now, touching the feare of God, this is that spirituall seruice whereof wee haue spoken heretofore, that God bee purely and sincerelie worshipped of vs, that wee put our whole trust and confidence in him, that wee call vppon him, that we beare him the reuerence which he deserueth. But come wee to our neighbours. Will wee learne how wee ought to bee conuersant with men? Loe two articles or pointes to bee obserued, which he placeth to this purpose. The first is integritie and vprightnesse, that is, iust dealing, that wee vse no violence, no extortion, no deceite in the goodes of our neighbours. The second followeth: that wee bee not dissolute in life and conuersation, that wee shewe no villainous and vnchast behauiour, that our liuing bee not inordinate. And this is that which he vnderstandeth by honestie or sobrietie. Wee haue [Page] seene, when God did forbid murder, how in expounding this worde we said, that God meant thereby to deterre vs from doing any outrage or iniurie: and not onely this, but he would warne vs thereof, that wee should seeke to liue in peace with our neighbours, and not suffer any to bee troubled and molested by vs. It shall bee further handled hereafter touching the goodes also of our neighbours, that we ought not to beare false witnesse against them: and this apperteineth in like sort to the iustice and vprightnesse which must bee in vs. So then, if we will reserue vnto euerie one his right, we shall vse no violence or iniurie in the persons or goodes of our neighbours, we shall not attempt to spoile any one of his substaunce. But here God enterlaceth another precept, That we commit no fornication, which is comprehended vnder the word of sobrietie or temperance. For, albeit we robbe not any one of his substaunce, although wee be no murderers nor barreters: yet beeing vnchast, dissolute, brutish, and beastly in our life, we may not thinke that God is pleased with vs. For no thing is so inseparable as vprightnesse, and sobrietie, seeing God hath ioyned them together in his lawe, and that we see how he hath confirmed the same by his Apostle, expounding by him this which is here briefely touched. And therefore, if we will haue the naturall sense and meaning of this place, let vs knowe, that God here commaundeth vs to leade such an honest and chast life, that there appeare no filthinesse, no loosenesse of behauiour, no vncleannesse in vs. Loe what is the summe and contents of this precept. It is true, that expressely hee forbiddeth vs, in this place, to be adulterers, that is to say, to violate and breake the faith plighted in marriage, that none entise and allure the wife of another: but let vs diligently note that which alreadie we haue touched, that God vnder one forme or kinde comprehendeth the whole, and setteth before vs that which by nature ought to bee abhorred and detested, to the end wee might the more abhorre all fornication and vncleannesse. Wee declared yesterday, that when men are tempted to doe euill, they seeke to beguile and deceiue themselues, thinking the fault shall be but light. And so from the lesser they proceede to the greater: God contrariwise, to holde vs in a streighter bridle, setteth downe vnto vs the sinnes which are more enormious, to the end that being preuented with a greater feare, wee might not so easily bee induced to committe any fault. As if he saied, Take heede how you fall, for this might be to breake [Page] your necke. Persuade not with your selues that you shall slide but a little aside, for you shall haue a deadlie fall: and therefore take ye diligent heede. Loe in effect why God proceedeth after this manner in his lawe, and why nowe hee speaketh not in generall of all fornication, but of adulterie, which is to breake wedlocke. Now we know, that if any thing must bee kept holie and inuiolable in the whole life of man, it is the faith which the husband plighteth vnto the wife, and the wife promiseth vnto the husband. True it is, that all contractes and promises wee make, must faithfullie be obserued: but if we make comparison, we shall finde that marriage not without great cause is named the couenaunt of God.Pro. 2. 17. Solomon sheweth by this worde, that GOD beareth rule ouer marriage, hauing it vnder his garde and protection. And for this cause, if the husband breake his promise which he hath made vnto his wife, hee is not periured onelie towardes her, but towardes GOD. As much is to bee said of the woman, that she doth not onely wrong vnto her husband, but to the liuing GOD. For vnto him is she bounde, in as much as God also will haue the care of mainteining marriage, whereas it is ordeined by him, and he himselfe the author thereof. Therefore, when wee heare this worde of adulterie, wee ought to holde it as execrable and accursed: as if men would in expresse termes despite God, when they will as enraged and furious beasts, breake the holie and sacred bond which he hath established in marriage.

Now then we see how highlie God estemeth of honestie and chastitie. And why? When he will that we be sober, continent, chaste, and modest, he saith vnto vs, Except you be honest and sober, you be as adulterers: that is to say, What so euer excuse you shall pretend before men to make your faultes light and little, I haue you in great hatred: for all your life is infected before me, you are corrupt & stinking in my sight. We see then, as I haue alreadie touched, that here is a streight commaundement to holde vs in all honestie and modestie. And by this we see, how the excuse of them which say, They do none any wrong, when they are inordinate in their liuing, and full of many outragious enormities, how vaine (I say) and friuolous this excuse of theirs is. For our Lord knoweth well why he vsed this maner of speaking. For it is not because he is tongue tied, and cannot speake otherwise, or that he knew not in what order to set and digest [Page] his matters: but because hee would shewe, that albeit men will make the matter very small, when they are dissolute and disordered in liuing, hee hath an other balance than so, wherein to weigh their offences, and will condemne all of them as adulterers which abuse themselues to all villanies and vnchast dealinges. So much the more therefore ought wee to weigh this worde which is here mentioned, when it is said, Thou shalt not bee an adulterer. But all this notwithstanding, wee must consider of the degrees which are conteined vnder this commaundement.

In the first place then let vs know, that God wil haue the holy coniunction in wedlocke kept pure & vndefiled. For if our persones are counted pretious, & our liues held deare in his sight, he will also that the loyaltie and mutuall faith which ought to be betweene the husband and the wife, be in price and estimation, that such an holy thing as marriage is, be not set forth to all reproch and villanie. And this ought to teach vs, that GOD will not haue a man cast an vnchaste eye on the wife of his neighbour. And why? For our Lorde hath alreadie coupled her vnto her husband. Hee will that her husband bee her shadow: & that when we thinke on euill, and set our minds on any vile lust, we ought to stande in feare of that which is declared vnto vs: namelie, that God will wreake himselfe on all them which violate and defile the holy coniunction which hee hath set foorth in his owne name. And this in like sort perteineth vnto wiues touching their husbandes: namelie, that the wife ought not to geue her selfe ouer to wicked desires, when shee beholdeth a married man. And why? God himselfe hath assigned vnto her her mate. It behooueth then, that except wee will bid battell to our Creatour, euerie one liue in his houshold, as he is matched, that this order bee inuiolablie kept, seeing God is the authour thereof. This is one point to be obserued.

Moreouer, we must alwayes returne to this point, to consider of the nature of God, that he is not an earthly Lawgeuer, that he forbiddeth not onelie the exteriour acte, and permitteth vs in the meane while to bee geuen vnto our wicked lustes and affections. For GOD will not bee serued with eye seruice, and forbiddeth not onelie the acte it selfe when marriage shall be broken and violated, but he interdicteth all wicked desires and affections. And this [Page] is the cause why Iesus Christ saith,Math. 5. 28 That he which loketh but awrie on the wife of another, that euen he is an adulterer before God: and albeit he be not culpable by the lawes of men, and that he may bee accounted chast, as not hauing committed any whoredome: yet notwithstanding, before God he is alreadie condemned, as if he had committed fornication. Therefore, when wee heare this worde of adulterie, which is so condemned, let vs learne to absteine from all fornication, not onelie touching the act thereof, but to keepe and reteine all our senses chast, that chastitie & continencie be both in our eyes and in our heart.1. Cor. 7. 34. For behold how S. Paule hath defined true chastitie when he saith, That all which are vnmaried, ought to studie how they may obey God, by keeping their bodies & their minds pure & cleane. He saith not, That they who haue not defiled their bodies wt fornications, remaine chaste: but they which tooke paines to keepe both their bodies and soules vndefiled. And when we shall haue considered, how God abhorreth and detesteth all adulteries, we must yet go further, applying and extending the same to all fornication & vncleannesse. True it is, that he which breake [...] the faith and truth of marriage, committeth a double offence, and much more enormious (as I haue alreadie said:) but we must alwaies remember this, that God will not haue men only, not to attempt any thing against mariage, but he commandeth also that men lead not a brutish life, that they suffer not fornications to haue their ful flote. Hee forbids them which are not maried, to wander hither and thither in their concupiscences, and to abandon themselues to all lustfull meetinges, willing them to be pure and cleane both in bodies and minds. For he saith, That not onely their soules, but also their bodies are the temples of the holy ghost, as it hath bene alreadie recited. And these are the wordes of S. Paul, when he warneth the Corinthians, that this were a wicked and infamous thing for them to suffer, as they had alreadie suffred fornications among them.1. Cor. 6. 15. Knowe ye not (saith hee) that your bodies are the temples of the holy ghost? Loe then, seing God doth vs this honor, to choose our vile bodies, which are not only britle vessels, but carions, euen earth and rottennes, & yet notwithstanding God honoreth them so far, as to make them temples of his holy spirit, to dwell therin, & shal we venter so to moil them in al filth & infectiō? Shal we make them as stables and sties for hogs? What a trecherie is that? [Page] What an abhominable wickednesse? Neither is this all. For let vs consider whither S. Paule leadeth vs.1. Cor. 6. 15. Our bodies (saith he) are the members of Iesus Christ. This is then all one, as if a man shoulde rent in peeces the bodie of Iesus Christ, when he abandoneth his bodie vnto fornication and vncleannesse. For it is certeine that we cannot intermingle the sonne of God with our filthes & abhominations, he being the fountaine of all puritie. So then, when a man yeldeth himselfe vnto fornication, he doth as it were teare in sunder the bodie of our Lord Iesus Christ, as much as lieth in him: not that we may do it, for the sonne of God is not subiect vnto vs, to be so dishonoured, but we notwithstanding shalbe culpable of such a blasphemie as this, we shall be guiltie of such an iniurie done vnto him. Therefore let vs lerne that God will, that not only euerie one for his part obserue the loyaltie and faithfulnes required in mariage, but in generall, that we be sober, and chast, to walke in all puritie of life, & not to giue the bridle to all filthinesse and vncleannesse. The reasons which I haue alreadie alledged ought well to moue vs herevnto: and this also which I haue alreadie touched of adulteries, beeing applied of vs to this purpose, may lead vs to all sober and chast liuing. Let vs therefore haue all our senses tied vnder such temperance and sobrietie, that when the diuell shall sollicite vs to anie vncleannesse, wee may alwayes giue him the repulse, that hee finde no accesse vnto vs, beeing excluded from all enteraunce.Cicero. off. A certeine Painime knewe well to say, That it is not ynough for a man to haue his handes abstinent: that is, that he be not giuen to rapine and spoile, to wrong and iniurie any one: but hee must also haue his eyes continent, that is to say, he must not be giuen to vnchaste and wanton lookes. If this hath beene taught by those poore, ignoraunt, and blinde wretches, what shall become of vs, if wee remember it not, when we are warned (as I haue alreadie saide) that God hath shewed vs this honour, not onely to refourme our soules vnto him, but our bodies also, although they bee mortall, and that we see they haue nothing in them but rottennesse and corruption? Seeing then it is so, that God accounteth our bodies as his, and that he will dwell in them, let vs learne to walke warily, that wee committe no vncleannesse, and bee giuen to no kinde of filthinesse, to driue God from out of vs, who would possesse vs for his dwelling place, and for his holie Temple. And withall wee must remember that which Saint [Page] Paule saith,1. Cor. 6. 18. That other sinnes which a man doth, are cōmitted without the bodie, but fornication is committed in the bodie. For it is certeine, that by thefts and oppressions we defile our bodies, and our handes (as the holie Scripture in this sense speaketh) that when we violently oppresse anie, we haue our handes full of bloud, as the Prophet Esaie speaketh.Esaie. 1. 15. and 59. 3. But Saint Paule considering well, that fornication is more shamefull and ignominious, and that men ought specially to keepe themselues from it, declareth that fornication leaueth a marke behinde, which remaineth imprinted in the bodie, whereby it is open to all infamie and reproch. We are verie desirous to conserue our honor and estimation vnspotted, it would grieue vs much that any one should staine vs with some euill & infamous note: why then will we runne hedlong into such vncleannesse, as to draw on vs a marke & impression of infamie and reproch in the sight of God, before his Angels, and in the face of al men? So then let vs diligently note this, and we shall the better be withheld from such corruption & filthinesse. For albeit our frailtie be such, that the diuell tempteth & allureth vs herevnto: yet shall this serue vs for a bridle, to restraine vs to this puritie which I haue mentioned, not onely of bodie, but also of minde. And moreouer, let vs heedfully note that which Saint Paule annexeth to the threat he remembreth of wicked persons, when he saith: Let no man deceiue you with vaine wordes: for,Ephe. 5. 7. for such things commeth the wrath of God vpon the vnfaithfull and disobedient. For men flatter themselues at this day, as they haue done heretofore: and it seemeth vnto them, that fornication is not so great and deadly a sinne. Yea, see some ieasters and scoffers which scorne God, and call whordome but a naturall sinne, & say that fornication is but a small matter. There are such filthie swine which will speake thus. Now for this cause Saint Paul saith: Let no man deceiue you. These scoffes and floutes were euen in his time verie rife, in the mouth of the contemners of God, and manie blinded themselues, as we knowe the world is much inclined to flatter it selfe. Let none deceiue you, saith Saint Paule, by such lying wordes. And why? For fornication is a detestable thing in the sight of God, as hee sheweth by the punishment which he hath sent vpon fornicatours: as Saint Paule noteth in the tenth of the first Epistle to the Corinthians,1▪ Cor▪ 10. 8. where he bringeth in an example of a mightie armie which was slaine for this sinne. And by this, is it not manifestly knowne, that God can not tollerate and [Page] beare with fornications? For the life of man (as we yesterday declared) is deare and pretious vnto him, they are creatures made and reformed to his image and likenesse. Nowe, when there are one, two, three thousand men dispatched, so that God destroyeth so great a number of his owne images, that is, of creatures which he hath formed, must we not say that there was kindled some terrible fire of his vengeance? And what? Fornication was the cause hereof. Conclude we therefore, that we must no longer seeke to deceiue our selues, as if our faultes were light and easie to bee pardoned, seeing our Lorde which exceedeth not, or passeth measure in his iudgementes, hath reuenged it with so sharpe a punishment. But rather let vs knowe and remember, that we shall bee called to our account before the heauenlie Iudge, when happilie men haue absolued and pardoned vs, and that when wee haue thought there is in vs no infection and filthinesse, God shall put vnto his hande and declare it. So then let vs haue an eye vnto him, and the examples which he giueth vs, that wee may remaine vnder his feare, and endeuour with greater diligence to absteine from all pollutions and spottes of filthinesse. Ye see in effect howe wee ought to vnderstand this seuenth commaundement of the Lawe, that we defile not our selues with anie vncleannesse or intemperaunce. Nowe, if wee ought to keepe our bodies and soules vndefiled, must wee not withall warilie auoyde all the occasions which might induce and leade vs vnto fornication? Yes verilie. Let vs therefore note, that they which abandon and giue ouer themselues to anie loosenesse, seeke nothing else than to entrappe themselues in the lines and snares of Satan: and although they are faultlesse in the eyes of the worlde, and none reprehende them: yet are they fornicatours in the sight of God. If this were well considered, wee shoulde not see anie longer such dissolutenesse in apparell, in gestures, and in wordes, as the worlde herein at this day vseth an enormous and outragious libertie. What if men and women so attire themselues to seduce and deceiue one another, and to laie their baites for fornication: are there not so manie bawdries and fornications wrought? It is true, they will alledge: O, as for mee, I haue not plaied the fornicatour or adulterer. But yet notwithstanding, they will make them selues a preie for Satan, and will drawe others, as much as in them is, into the same case. All these [Page] enormities therefore, and superfluities, which are committed in apparell, which are vsed as snares to entrappe others, are reckoned for fornications, and are conteined vnder them before God. The like is to be said of vnchast gestures and behauiours, of ribaldrie, and filthie speeches. When a man and woman shall so frequent one the other, that they giue place vnto Satan, and so tame themselues to his subiection, as to be helde snared in his ginnes, and that they yeelde themselues bond and thrall vnto him: loe fornication committed before God. And albeit there hath beene no acte committed, no through promise made thereof, yet shall not God leaue to punishe these thinges: for hee is manifestly tempted. And hereby wee see howe childish and friuolous the shiftes and escapings of them are, which will excuse this or that not to bee euill done, sobeit there be nothing meant or intended: as they which woulde that daunses, and such other disorders bee permitted. What? So, that no fornication bee committed, is this euill and wicked? This is, as if in plaine tearmes they woulde mocke God, and hoodwinke him, to buffette him, and cause him to prophesie who did him the harme. Wee knowe well that daunses can bee but the forerunners of fornications, that they are to open the gate wide vnto Satan, and to call him to come and to enter in boldely, and without all feare. Loe, what daunses do alwayes bring with them. If one say, I meant no euill thereby: hee maketh God a lier. Saint Paule saieth,1. Cor. 15. 33. Menander. That euill speakings corrupt good manners. And [...]oe why hee alledgeth this from a Painime, that wee might haue so much the greater shame. If wee accept not of the doctrine and instruction which is giuen vs by Saint Paule, let vs bee taught in the schoole of poore vnfaithfull ones, and of idolaters. For they knewe well to alledge, That euill woordes corrupt good manners. Nowe, when the tongue shall bee infected with wicked and vnchaste speakinges, that in gestures and wordes there shall bee nothing but signes and markes of all wickednesse and villanie, if men say (as aboue we mentioned,) They haue no euill meaning: is not this to lie openlie and manifestlie vnto the holie Ghost? So then, let vs note, that when all fornication is forbidden, it is to the end that wee shoulde walke modestlie, and behaue our selues soberlie, both in our gestures and speakings, and that no dissolutenesse, & vnrulie behauior be found in vs, which may [Page] tend anie way vnto fornication. I graunt that all things are pure to them which haue their conscience pure,Tit. 1. 1 [...]. but this notwithstanding we must take heed, that Satan by his wilinesse preuent vs not, and make some breach in vs. Ye see in what sort this commandement ought to be considered, that we take heede, not onelie of the act of fornication, but of all that which is linckt thereto, of all that which hangeth on, and is accessarie therevnto: of all that which dwelleth neere it, of all that which may induce and lead vs vnto it. Brieflie, we must beare in minde that which latelie I touched out of Paule, that as we ought not to do anie wrong vnto our neighbours, touching their persons and their goods: so must we also walke in all hones [...]ie, and sobrietie, cutting off, and remouing farre from vs all those behauiours and intemperancies. Now, as all filthie speakings, as daunses, and other like vnchast disorders are condemned before God, as conteined vnder fornication, so are other intemperate and riotous demeanors. Yee shal see these dronkards which glut themselues as brute beasts, when they are well whitled, not sticke to giue them selues ouer vnto all vncleannesse & filthinesse: they are then so besotted, that they know not their owne shame. Therefore, when men leade so brutish & beastlie a life, drinking excessiuelie, and ouercharging them selues with meat, and after this prostitute their bodies, and abandon them to all filthinesse and villanie, albeit they commit not fornication in act and deede, thinke we that they shall escape the hand of God, and not haue a malediction and curse fall on them as vpon fornicatours? Yee see then how the sobrtetie whereof Saint Paul speaketh, is so to be vnderstood, that if we will be chast and continent before God, we must not onelie absteine from fornication, and from all wicked lustes and concupiscences: but we must vse our meate and drinke soberlie for our nourishment, and not to excesse and intemperance, so that hereby all modestie and sobrietie be laid aside and neglected. Loe what wee haue further to beare in minde. Now, if one obiect & saie: And howe shall we be able, seeing the frailtie of our fleshe is such, to absteine from al pollution & vncleanesse? For we see the incontiuencie which is in men, & in this thing asmuch as in anie: so vicious and corrupt their nature is. In deede it is true, that men shall not be able to bee continent, for our Lord will that euen in this behalfe we feele the malediction & curse of the sinne of Adam: namelie, in this vnrulinesse of our flesh, except he by an especiall gift vphold and presarue vs, as it [Page] is said, all haue not this gift, so that euerie one must consider of that which God hath giuen him. But how euer we feele our selues disposed herein, God hath appointed a remedie for them which can not absteine. God therefore, albeit his pleasure is to leaue this marke and signe of infirmitie abiding in vs, yet in the meane time hath hee assigned vs a conuenient remedie. Shall some man perceiue this frailetie in his flesh? Shall some woman feele the like? It can not be denied but that this is a sinne: and although it bee an inclination as proceeding from nature, I meane from this corrupt nature which we haue of Adam: yet is it in it selfe to be condemned. For, all such vnrulinesse of the fleshe, is farre from so excellent dignitie, as GOD gaue vnto mankinde, that we shoulde nowe beare such markes, in steade of being as we should haue bene, as Angels of heauen. So then, all vnrulinesse of the fleshe is a wee: but yet so the Lorde beareth with vs, that hee hath ordeined such a meane, as whereby this vice shall not bee imputed vnto vs for a vice, whereby this vnrulinesse of the fleshe, being in it selfe vicious and damnable, shall not be imputed before GOD, when it shall haue this cloake and couerture. And when a man, seeing that he can not absteine, after he hath prayed to God, & recommended himselfe vnto him, taketh a wife, to the ende hee leade not a dissolute life, to exercise his lustes here and there as chaunce serueth, as dogges, and bulles, and other like brute beastes doe: when he shall (I say) haue his recourse vnto marriage, as GOD hath ordeined: loe, this vice is hidden and couered, and commeth not to account. And in this wee see the inestimable bountie and goodnesse of GOD, that when he leaueth in vs this vice, such a one as ought to shame vs: yet notwithstanding, hee ordeineth a good meane, whereby it is buried and appeareth not. And albeit men bee incontinent: yet are they not accused before God, nor brought before his throne of iudgement, if so bee they keepe them selues within the boundes of marriage: for all vnchastitie is not lawfull, as if a man would graunt him selfe an outragious libertie herein, and a wife likewise toward her husbande: for we must take heede we make not of our house a stewes. But when a man shall liue with his wife in the feare of GOD, albeit the companie of the bedde be shamefull: yet before God and his Angels it wanteth nowe all reproche and infamie. And why? The couerture of marriage sanctifieth that which is [Page] polluted and vnhallowed, it serueth to purge and make cleane that which in it selfe is filthie and vncleane. Therefore, when wee see that our Lorde is so bountifull and gentle vnto vs, that hee hath ordeined such a remedie, are we not by so much the more wicked and vnthankfull, if we vse it not, and if all excuses which men alledge, be not hereby remoued and taken away? As who should say, That GOD had not prouided for their necessitie, and that hee had not shewed him selfe so louing a Physician, to heale that euill disease which was in vs, as though hee had not at all interposed him selfe for our health, as wee see nowe he hath. Therefore, let vs laie aside all those excuses of frailetie and weakenesse, seeing that our Lorde would aide vs in this behalfe, and hath ordeined this holie estate of marriage, that all they which haue not the gift of continencie, giue not them selues ouer notwithstanding to anie filthinesse and vncleannesse. Yee then see what we haue to beare in mind, and withall let vs further note that which the Apostle saieth, That the bedde of marriage, as long as men and women keepe them selues together in the feare of God,Heb. 13. 4. and in all modestie and sobrietie, that euen this bedde is honourable. So that, albeit by great reason it bee in it selfe shamefull: yet God turneth it all into honour. It is not lightlie to be considered, that the Apostle calleth that honourable before God, which except he did pardon it, were shamefull euen before men. But he pronounceth malediction and vengeance vpon all adulterers and fornicatours. When wee heare such a sentence pronounced of marriage, let vs learne to shrowde our selues vnder so honourable a shadowe, if wee haue neede thereof, that our lustfull desire bee not condemned before GOD, and before his Angels. And they which shalbe able to absteine from marriage, let them so consider of their absteining for a time, that if neede shall require, they reiect not, but haue recourse vnto this remedie, which GOD hath appointed: and let them so loue out of marriage from day to day, that they be alwayes prest and readie to order themselues to the rule of GOD, when hee shall call them vnto this estate. But nowe, here wee may see, howe Sathan hath euerthrowen the whole order which GOD hath assigned: yea, (euen vnder the colour of holinesse and religion) we see what abhominations are hereof proceeded: as among the Papistes it seemeth that it is the most Angelical vertue that may be, to liue single & not to be maried. [Page] Loe, an estate of all perfection, will the Monkes say, when they are not married. The Priestes will say, that hauing sollemnized their vowes, they are dedicated to God. Againe they will say, We are of his Clergie, we are as the floure of his Church, wee must be separated from the common filthes and pollutions of the world. So then among the Papistes one shalbe thought to come neere the state of the Angels in heauen, when he is not married. Nowe in the meane time we see how God is mocked with so wicked and diuelish a presumption: for consider wee what beastlie abhominations haue followed of this, that marriage hath bene so contemned and despised. See these Priestes, these Monkes, these Nonnes, which despitefullie reiecte this benefit which God presenteth vnto them: namelie, that if there be anie infirmitie in them, they may matrie: but they despise and disdaine it as a thing filthie & defiled. And this is euen to warre against nature. And therefore was it not necessarie that God should reuenge him selfe of so presumptuous a pride, when men so despitefully trample vnder foote a remedie which he giueth them? Shall we not think that diseased person out of his wittes, which in stead of receiuing the potion which is giuen him for his helth, tumbleth it to the ground in despite of his Physician? so enraged are al these angels of hell of the Papasie, all this pestilent vermine of Priestes, of Monkes, and of Nonnes, which haue reiected holie marriage: in which deede of theirs, they bidde battell openlie to God. And not contenting them selues with this, they ouerflowe their bankes in such sorte, that they dare vtter with full mouth those blasphemies, which ought to make the haires of all men, which heare them, to stande on ende. Were there no more but this, yet hereby might we see, that the diuell hath gotten there all the rule into his hand, and that this is the vse of Antichrist, and of this Apostolical seate of Rome, to spue out such blasphemies: as when it hath bene there pronounced, That they which are in the flesh, can not please God: that we must be separated from all vncleannesse, and therefore that Priests must be forbidden to marie. Loe,Syricius. the verie words of a Pope, which notwithstanding haue bin registred to posteritie, as if it had bene an oracle comming from heauen. Nowe, if the diuell should haue all the swinge hee might wish: yea, should be vnchained and let loose in the world, could hee speake after a more detestable maner, to despite God, for instituting of marriage, than to say: That they which are in the fleshe can not please [Page] God? This is, as if he did condemne all mankinde: for in this hee condemneth, not onelie them which liue at this day, but all the holie fathers which haue liued vnder the lawe, all the holie Patriarches, all the Apostles, and the holie Martyrs: so behold a diuell of Rome, which will banish out of the kingdome of heauen, both the Apostles, the Martyrs, & all the holie Fathers. Thus he which wilbe in the Paradise of the Pope, must be a companion of the diuell of hell: for albeit this be an enormous and outragious thing, that this miscreant Syrice hath pronounced such a blasphemie, as therby to exclude the greter part of the holiest personages, which euer haue liued from the kingdome of heauen: yet would GOD neuer haue suffered, that such an horrible blasphemie should haue bene pronounced, but that thereby he would make manifest this abhominable seate of Rome, when he would permit these diuels so farre, as vnder a colour of holinesse, to reiect marriage, and suffer them for a iust vengeance, to loose the bridle to all wicked and infectious lustes, and to insect the world with their detestable Sodomitries: in so much that they exceede in that wickednesse, which the Painims (men without God) haue had in horrour and execration. Now, by this we are warned (as I haue alreadie said) not to set light by the giftes and benefites of God, but to vse them with al sobrietie, so that they which cannot conteine them selues, bend their neckes, and receiue with all gentlenesse, the yoke of marriage, subiecting them selues therevnto: knowing, that when the husbandes shall beare with the wiues, and the wiues shall seeke to liue in peace and good quietnesse with their husbands, this shalbe a sacrifice acceptable vnto God. If they haue a great charge of children, let them take heede to nourish and bring them vp, be they poore or rich, knowing that God accepteth & receiueth in good part, this seruice. Let women also, when they shall haue much trouble & griefe in caring for their houshold, knowe, that these are so manie sacrifices acceptable vnto God. And albeit marriage be contemned by these diuels, which (for to despite God) imagine it an Angelicall perfection, to absteine from it: let them notwithstanding, which are in this holie estate, knowe, that God accepteth of them, that hee receiueth them, that hee gardeth and protecteth their house and familie. For, seeing he saith, That he is the authour of marriage, he will blesse it, when we shall proceede therein, according to his will and pleasure. Let them which are not married, take diligent heede notwithstanding, [Page] to walke in the feare of God, and to esteeme and honour marriage as it behoueth. Let both the one and the other endeuour to keepe them selues in all puritie, both of bodie and of minde, as S. Paule hereof speaketh,1. Cor. 7. 34. in the seuenth of the first to the Corinthians, where he condemneth not the widowes and the rest which absteine from marriage, but hee exhorteth them to doe their dueties. For, the virgins, and widowes, and such as are not married, ought so much the more to cleaue vnto God, and to walke in his feare, as being lesse hindered to dedicate them selues wholie vnto him. And why? For they are not distracted with so many cares of the worlde. They which are married haue more incomberances: howbeit, they must also take heede, that they permit not themselues to much libertie, but that they walke in feare, and in all carefulnesse of their duetie. Loe then, howe in all estates we must haue sobrietie and honestie in our persons, in such sort, that we may present & offer vp as liuelie sacrifices vnto God, both our bodies and our soules, seeing hee hath redeemed them so dearelie with the bloud of our Lord Iesus Christ, and that he would haue them dedicated vnto him selfe, to dwell in them, as in his temples.

Nowe let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our good God, with acknowledging of our faultes: praying him, that he will make vs feele them better than we haue done: yea, in such sorte, that vnfeignedlie displeasing our selnes in them, wee learne to haue recourse vnto him, acknowledging the faultes and offences whereof we are culpable, that we desire nothing else but to giue our selues ouer vnto his seruice, and to please him in all, and through all, vntill we haue accomplished this course of ours, & ended this earthlie pilgrimage, to come to that saluation, which he hath prepared for vs, and reserueth vnto vs in the kingdome of heauen. That it will please him to graunt this grace not onelie vnto vs, but to all people and nations of the earth, &c.

The. 10. Sermon.

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Deut. Chap. 5.‘19. Thou shalt not steale.’

IF we well vnderstood but in one word the will of God, which hee plainlie inough declareth vnto vs, we should not neede to studie much for the right knowledge of ordering our selues, and of leading an holie and righteous life. But no such ignorant person, as hee who wil not vnderstand: none so deafe, as he which will not heare (as we say in common prouerbe.) And this is the cause why we are so blinde, albeit our Lorde Iesus Christ hath shined before vs with his brightnesse, and hath made vs priuie of his will and meaning, as well in this precept of the lawe, as in all the rest we haue aboue handled: for if euerie one would enter into his owne conscience, to make a iust and true examination of his faultes, should he not finde that it is easie to iudge, that when we do our neighbour anie wrong, when we deceiue him in his goods, what couerture soeuer and cloake we haue for it, that we be culpable of theft before God? But what? If so be we may hide our shame before the world, it sufficeth vs: and the iudgement of God in the meane time is troden vnder foote, and we care not for it: but yet all these fig leaues, with the which we couer our selues, shall serue vs to no purpose, wee must in the end come to our account before the heauenlie Iudge, and then shall we finde, that it is not spoken in vaine which he hath pronounced by Zacharie,Zacha. 5. 3. That his malediction and curse shall come vpon him which sweareth, and vpon him which stealeth, that is, that in what matter soeuer of the lawe, and in what point soeuer we shall haue offended, he shall not faile to take vengeance thereon. Men therefore may well iustifie them selues, or flatter them selues: yet God in the ende shall displaie and shewe foorth his indignation, both against swearers, and against theeues. But the better to vnderstande the will of the Lorde, let vs knowe, that hee hath vsed this [Page] word of theft, or stealing, to make vs haue in greater hatred all deceite and all rapine, in all kinde of wrong which we are able to deuise against our neighbours: as we haue alreadie aboue declared of murder and adulterie. If one call a man theefe, he wilbe grieuouslie offended, for this is a woorde of infamie and reproche, and therefore he will not suffer him selfe to be so dishonoured in the face of the whole world. God then, to the end he might induce vs to hate all deceitfulnesse, all harme doing, all extortion, that we might vse in the goods of our neighbours, vseth this word in steade of all other. He might well haue spoken after some other manner: hee might haue said: Take heede how you do pull vnto your selues the goods of an other: take heede you make not your gaine by the losse and damage of your neighbour: take heede of vsing anie such violence: but in a word he saieth: Steale not. And why? Euen to this end, that deceits, rapines, and pillages, and all harme doing, be had of vs in greater detestation: that we be ashamed to do wrong vnto anie, that we stand (I say) in greate feare hereof, when wee see that wee are guiltie of theft before God. Moreouer, let vs note, that there are manie kindes of theeueries: for some vse priuie and secret sleights, when they draw to them selues by subtile meanes and practises, the substance of another: others vse open force or violence, and this is properlie called rapine, pillage, extortion: others vse yet more slie feates, and closer conueyance: yea, a man shall thinke they moue not a finger to touche anie thing of their neighbours, a man shal not be able to accuse them before the world: and yet because they walke not in all simplicitie & vprightnesse, they are theeues before God. Ye see then, how we must consider of the kindes of the euerie, when we will vnderstand what is forbidden in this place. But in the meane time we haue to note, that God iudgeth not of theftes after the manner of men: for they which liue in great credit and reputation before men, shall not cease to bee condemned before God: yea, albeit none accuse them, but that the poore whom they haue eaten and deuoured shall crie for vengeance: and although none of them speake one word, yet the afflictions which they endure, crie alowde in the eares of God, and sue processe against their oppressours, without sounding one woorde. So then, we must not bring our owne fansies to iudge of theftes, thinking to escape the hand of God when we shall not be cōdemned of men, nor punished by earthly iudgment: for God proceedeth in this much further & higher, [Page] Let vs therfore briefly beare in mind, that touching God, all kind of harme doing, when wee desire to plucke vnto vs that which is not ours, is named theft throughout the holie scripture. And in deede, when God manaceth a woe by the prophet Esaie,Esaie. 33. 1. that he which hath pilled and spoyled others, shall be rewarded with the like, he speaketh not of pettie theeues, which we lead to the gallowes: but he speaketh of great Princes and Monarchs, which bare then the sway through out the whole worlde. And againe in the first Chapter, when he addresseth his talke against the holie people, which was the Church of God,Esaie. 1. 23. Thy princes and gouernours are companions and Princes of theeues, saieth he. Now certeine it is, that none charged these of theft: nay these sat as Iudges & condemners of other pettie theeues, and yet failed they not to be condemned before God. And thus the theeues which are honourable here belowe on earth, are notwithstanding accursed by the lawe of God, and he hath pronounced on them his determinate sentence, in this text. Wee must therefore humble our selues vnder the iudgment of God, and know that we shall gaine litle, albeit our theueries be excusable before men, although we couer them and colour them. For in the meane time, the lawe of God shall haue his full course, and the execution thereof shall be readie at hande for our condemnation. God hath forbidden nothing which he will not call into account. Ye see then, what we haue to beare in minde, concerning this place. Now it resteth, that that which wee haue briefly touched, we handle more amply, and as we may say by peecemeales, specifying it by examples, to the end it may be better vnderstood, as I haue alreadie said: if we were diligent and attentiue to hearken vnto that which God declareth vnto vs, we need not make here any long exposition. But what? We seeke nothing else but to cloke and hide our selues with some dissimulation: and albeit the thing be cleare ynough to be knowne, alwayes to make some doubt. And this is the cause why we must be so precisely charged, and more neerely pressed in all things. We haue alredie said, that there is more than one kind of theft. For some rob openly, as when one spoileth so manifestly, that one may put out his finger, and say, This man hath stolen an horse, he hath robbed one of so much monie, he hath stolen a bed, a dish, or such like thinges. Well: these theeueries are sufficiently iudged of the worlde. But when a merchant hath counterfeite wares to sell, and knoweth not how to rid his handes of them, loe a simple man, whom [Page] he will intrap and deceiue with them. Now happily this, men count not theft, and yet such a man is a theefe for vsing so euill a conscience, albeit no man condemne him. It is true, that he whose profite it shall concerne, will be a good and vpright Iudge in this matter: and if he know the deceit and couin which is vsed, he will say, Such a one doth me wrong. We neede not go to anie great Doctour or Clearke, to shew vs that one hath done vs wrong, euerie one knoweth it himselfe well inough, and yet we thinke not on this kinde of theft, and wee knowe it not sufficiently. But God shall not faile to iudge and condemne him for a theefe, which hath so abused a simple man, and shall haue deliuered him counterfeite merchandize, seeing hee hath deceiued him which wanted all skill and iudgement. He in like manner which shall ouersell his ware to him which is altogether ignorant, is in like fault, and both these are theeues and robbers. Againe, a lewd and wicked man maketh a counterfeite peece of worke, and the fault thereof is not espied, or how euer it be, he taketh for it as much as he may possibly catche, without anie reckoning of selling it, as it is worth: notwithstanding, being charged therewith, he will say, Tush, I had to deale with a rich cobbe, the matter is not great, he hath a good purse to beare it. Wel, the man which vseth this, albeit he haue his shifting windlaces before men: yet the iudgement of God hath alwayes his course. If one demaunded euerie man his opinion herein, and all answered, We holde not this for theft: God notwithstanding shall not retract his iudgement after our fantasies. Ye see then the theeueries which shalbe accountable before God, which we notwithstanding let slppe: and no thanke to them which haue graunted them selues such a libertie, if the euill be not pardoned. But what? Behold, the law of God is inuiolable, as we haue said: and it shalbe hereafter declared, that it alwayes bringeth his execution with it. It resteth then, that seeing we must not walke deceitfully, nor vse any subtile practises, we returne vnto this equitie, which nature prescribeth vs: namely, that we doe not vnto an other that which we would not haue men to do vnto vs. When we shall haue such a rule, it shall not neede that we haue anie great volumes, to learne what it is to steale. For in one word, euerie one shalbe able to knowe how to walke with his neighbours: namely, that he vndermine not his neighbours maliciously, that he seeke not to enrich himself at the cost and charges of an other, that he pull not vnto him the substaunce and goods which are [Page] not his owne. There shall not need then but this worde, and behold all the faire couertures, & best appearances we haue, shall vanish away, and come to nothing. For when we shall haue deceiued men, we think wee haue also forthwith blinded Gods eyes. Let vs take an example in this place, wherby this point shalbe fully & perfectly vnderstood. He which by lawe shall haue gained the goods and possessions of another, thinketh that he is the iustest possessor in the whole world. And why? Forsooth iustice hath passed on his side. Now, not to say that iustice was peruerted (as it is to true that many by their corruptions & wicked practises, make of iustice a mere spoile & robberie, ouerthrowing all right and equitie) that Courts of iustice shalbe ofttimes as Faires to sell the right of an other, & to peruert all equitie. But be it that no such thing hath bene in this case, but some man by his craft & subtiltie hath found the meane so to drawe vnto him the goodes of an other, that he will boldly say, All iustice & right hath iudged me this, so that there is no better or more iust title in al the world, than is this. Loe a double theefe before God. It had bene better by many degrees that hee had spoyled and robbed the house of his neighbour, than by law so vniustly to haue gaind the goods of an other. And why? There is theft committed: and againe, this theft is done vnder the colour of iustice, which is a sacred and holie thing. Verily God can not be able to suffer such a trecherie. Sure burglarie is worthie to be more grieuously punished than other theft: but when we approch vnto the feate which God hath dedicated vnto his maiestie, there to ouerthrowe & confound all equitie, behold, is not this an heinouser offence than anie robberie? So then, let vs diligently note, that what cloke soeuer wee may take to couer our selues before men, the law of God always shall haue his foree: that is, if we vse deceite or malieious witnes, if we vse extortion & violence, we shalbe condemned for theeues & robbers. If a man vnder this shadow, that he is in authoritie, shal vse anie violence against his poore neighbour, and that by this meanes he oppresseth him, this man is a theefe, & halfe a murtherer: so that he is no simple theefe, but qualified beside with manslaughter: & yet notwithstāding, this is passed ouer and pardoned. It is true, that one sometime murmureth hereat, but it is but betwene th lips. And all this while this outragious oppressor ioyeth in his doings, pleasing himselfe well in them: and which worse is, the greater thefe he is, the more he shall be honored. For as a man by scraping all vnto himselfe becommeth very [Page] wealthie and rich, so shall he be preferred and aduaunced higher. Beholde then, howe by theftes one shall come to great honour, touching the worlde. So then let vs not take these bandes to couer our eyes withall, but let vs rather knowe that which is conteined in the holie Scripture, that is: that we shall alwayes be theeues, when we shall not do vnto an other, which we would that one do vnto vs: and when we render not vnto euerie one his right. For we must define a vice by the opposite & contrarie vertue. If we will well vnderstand what it is to steale, we must consider what it is to doe right to our neighbours. But when we spoyle them of their goods, when we rake them to our selues in what maner soeuer, when we vse anie close deceite, or open violence, we are sufficiently conuicted of theeuerie. By this we see, that theft is not committed onelie by handes, when one stealeth away anothers monie, or some part thereof: but theft is committed, when a man hath not that which is his, and that we seeke not to conserue and keepe vnto him that which God hath put into his handes, and will that a man keepe that which he hath. For example: If a seruant riottously consume the good of his maister, he is a theefe. If a labouring man, or if one of occupation seeke nothing but to haue his dayes hire, and in the meane time loy [...]ereth, and could wish his worke done, and his potage supt (as we say,) it is certeine he is a theefe, and we shall well iudge him so. But wee must proceede further to other the like kindes of theft, and make this comparison. When we render not vnto a man that which of right apperteineth vnto him, let vs know that this iniquitie shall be accounted as theft before God, and we shall be condemned therefore. But now it remaineth, that we consider howe we shall walke in such sort that God accuse vs not as theeues. This shall be, if first of all we loue our neighbours, as Saint Paul declareth in the 13.Rom. 13. 8. 9. 10. to the Romans. And this is to be maruelled at, that we account the matter so small, to spoyle another of his goodes, seeing that if one should demaund vs this puestion, whether this is to loue our neighbours, and whether it be an harde thing to loue them, wee would say no. For nature would knit men together in this vnitie, and God hath formed them all vnto his image and likenesse, and therfore this ought not to seeme a thing ouer hard and grieuous to loue together. Now so it is, that if we haue charitie, we shall neuer steale, as Saint Paule saieth: yea, if ye would consider of that right and dutie which we owe vnto men, and how we are bound vnto them, we needed [Page] not all these admonitions & warnings, Thou shalt not steale, Thou shalt not commit adulterie, Thou shalt not murther, as S. Paule hath declared in that place. But what? There are verie fewe which thinke hereon. But contrariwise, as I haue said, we are full of vaine excuses: when we haue pilled one of his goods, when we haue vsed anie fraud, anie malicious dealing, anie extortion, wee haue one excuse or other readie at hand to serue vs. But yet it appeareth by our deedes, that we haue no charitie, that we are as brute beasts: briefly, that we are not worthie to be numbred among men, seeing we breake the bonde of vnion, in the which God would couple together all the children of Adam. Lo then, for the first note let vs learne this lesson of charitie, if we will not be theeues. For the seconde, let vs note, that wee couet not to bee rich. For as soone as this desire of gaine shall bee in vs, it is certeine wee shall play the theeues: it can not bee otherwise. One shall at first sight thinke it straunge: but yet, when euerie one shall haue awakened his vnderstanding, nature shall teache vs, as the Ethnikes knewe well to say, that it is impossible to desire to bee riche, but wee shall foorthwith bee inflamed to scrape vnto our selues by hooke or by crooke, the goodes of an other. Will we then flie and auoyde theft? Wee must laie aside all couetousnesse, that is, all desire of enriching our selues, that there be founde no longer anie cauill in the worde. And howe shall we do this? Let vs learne to content our selues with our estate and condition. For he which shall not haue a certeine rule, but shalbe always moued by some couetousnesse, his affections shall carrie him from one side to another, in such sort that he shall neuer haue any rest to say: I must holde my selfe within my bounds. I say, the condition and estate which God hath giuen vnto euerie one, ought to bee as a list and border to keepe him in, as if it were saide vnto him: Loe, thy God will that thou passe not this which he hath giuen thee. Hold thy selfe content, otherwise thou not onely troublest all humane order, but thou despisest God, as if thou didst make warre with him. Beholde what we haue to note: that is, when we shall haue this rule of charitie to conduct vs, that we ought to learne to content our selues with our condition. And why? Let vs know that this is the will of God, & that herein he will proue our obedience. Nowe this cannot be done vnlesse we obserue withall the rule of S. Paule,Phil. 4. [...]. that is, that we haue lerned to be rich & to be poore, to hunger & to thirst, as well as to haue [Page] abundance. Saint Paule saith, not onely that we ought to be patient in pouertie, and protesteth that he hath had his part herein, (& therefore hath giuen vs an example hereof, & hath shewed vs the way) but he saith that we must learne to be riche, and to liue in plentie & abundance. And what meaneth this? It semeth a needlesse thing to tell vs so busily of patience. When we are poore, euerie man knoweth well that we haue neede thereof. And why? For we shalbe tempted to many inconueniences. It is an hard matter and grieuous, when a man shal not haue bread to eate, & albeit he hath browne bread, yet would he full faine haue his ease and commoditie further. So touching pouertie, euerie one will confesse that we haue need to be comforted, and to be warned, that we must not be tempted to do euill. But when he saith, it behoueth that wee know how to be rich: a man will scorne this saying, as grounded vpon no reason: & yet this doctrine is more necessarie than the first. And why? Let vs consider a little what these rich are: euen bottomles gulfes, which can neuer be satisfied, & which are harder to content than anie poore man, If we make comparison betweene the rich and poore, wee shall find among the poore manie which vexe and torment themselues, which are froward and waywardly bent, manie which are induced to pilfering, and to exercise manie wicked sleights and practises: and againe, we shall find also a great part content themselues with that which God hath giuen them, and keepe themselues within their limittes and borders. But when we come to consider of the rich, euen as farre as vnto Kings, and Princes, we shall find that they are so inflamed and set on fire, that they burne with such a desire after the goodes of this world, that they are neuer contented: yea, they are as it were grieued that the Sunne shineth vpon the poore. Briefly, we shall see, that the most part of those rich men, to whom God hath giuen the whole earth in possession, not yet to be satisfied, and to account it ynough. For (as I haue saide) they are yet grieued that the poore haue one common light of the Sunne with them, and that the poore drinke water. And albeit the poore trauell, and labour, and doe the best they are able for them, yet a rich man will enuie and also spite at them, although he enioy the sweate of their browes, and hath euen the fruite of their bloud: and it seemeth him, that a man plucketh his heart and guttes out of his bellie, when he eareth one morsell of meate at his cost and charges. Such miserable couetousnesse, or rather such [Page] brutish crueltie a man shall see in the riche: and this is a thing ouer rife and common. So then it is not without cause, that Saint Paule saith we shall haue profited exceeding much, when we shal haue learned to bee rich: that is to say, that we shall not bee stirred vp continually with a desire of getting more and more. If God giueth vs anie abundance, let vs learne to keepe our selues within our bounds, without further coueting, to say: O, such a peece of ground would be good & commodious for me, I must adioyne this to mine, & that other also. And againe, this is not yet all, that a rich man desire not to growe further in wealth: but it behoueth that we be poore in heart, that is to say, that we bee puffed vp with no such pride, as to repose our trust and confidence in our riches, that wee take not an occasion by them to oppresse such as are feeble and weake, such as haue no credite to vnderproppe and staie them vp in this worlde: lastly, that we be prest and readie to bee impouerished when it shall please GOD. He which at this day is verie rich, which hath his garners, and his sellers full, which hath his bagges fraughted and full stored, which hath lands and possessions, which hath a rich trade of merchandize: let him, when it shall please God to bereue him of all, not thinke it straunge: let him not be euer much grieued for it, but let him minde the patience of Iob, to say:Iob. 1. 21. The Lord hath giuen, and the Lord hath taken it, blessed be the name of the Lord. Ye see then howe it is a verie har [...] thing to be rich: yea, except we come to this point, to order our selues to the wil of God, to receiue peceably what soeuer hee giueth vs: that is to say, to beare patiently the pouertie which he sendeth, and to content our selues with that which hee shall haue giuen vs into our hand, without setting our heart thereon. For otherwise it must needes be, that we be alwayes theeues, whether we abound in riches, or be in pouertie. For the poore shalbe prouoked to do euill, & it seemeth them that God will dispense with them for their wickednesse: yea, oftentimes they will vse this cauillation: O, I see this man seeketh nothing else but to deuour me, euen to teare the flece frō my back, he would destroy me altogether, if it were possible: and why shall it not be permitted me to reuenge my selfe on him? Lo how euerie one would pay himselfe. But it is not for vs to take from him that which he hath spoiled. So then if we be poore, wee shall incontinently be driuen to stealing, except wee take vnto vs this bridle, to say, Well: our Lord will exercise vs, and for this cause we want [Page] the goodes of this world. We haue not that we coulde wish, and this is to this end, that it pleaseth God so to humble vs. Lo one thing to be noted. And let a man labour diligently to surmount this temptation. For we see that euen Solomon desireth of the Lord not to be poore,Prou. 30. 9. for feare of being prouoked to steale. When such a personage feareth yea, and maketh this request vnto God in the name of all the faithfull, ought not wee to stand vpon our gard? So then they which are in neede and necessitie, both of bread and of drinke, and know not on which side to turne them to be releued: they which lead so poore a life that ofttimes they haue not so much bread as to slake halfe their hunger: others which haue not their eases and commodities as they could wishe and desire: let all these in this case take heed they commit themselues into the hande of God, and pray him to giue them grace to walke in such sort, that they bee not induced to wrong or iniurie anie one vnder this colour, that necessitie presseth them ouer sore. And let them which haue winde and tide with them, which flote in prosperitie and wealth, which haue their purses full of monie, take heede they oppresse not the poore: as they haue alwayes their nettes laide to this purpose. For see howe the riche behaue themselues herein. If they see a poore man falling into decay, they are as greedie hunters, they come incontinently to ouerthrowe and cast him vnder foote, and they turne themselues hither and thither, and make manie circuites, vntill at length they shall haue entrapped the poore man. Let them therefore which haue wheron to liue, take heed howe they ouerflowe their bankes: but let them hold themselues rather backe, so that they abuse not their plentie and abundance. Let them which are of greater wealth take heede, they lift not vp themselues to oppresse those which haue little. Behold how we ought to proceed in our degree and calling. Yea, when we haue occasions offered of doing wrong and iniurie, albeit we are of our selues subtile ynough to seeke them out from farre, let vs beware we repell all such wickednes. And whereas rich men thinke that they haue made great gaine by the losse of an other, let vs knowe that they haue cutte the throte of poore men, and that they haue made manie widowes, and orphanes, though they thinke little hereof. But because our wittes are so sharpe and subtile to d [...]uise all occasions of harme doing, let vs haue an eye vnto our God, who woulde make a proofe and triall of our obedience in our vocation. We shall [Page] happily haue the sword in our handes, but let vs take heede of doing any hurt: & let vs consider, that if we were in the same state that poore men are, we would gladlie wish to be releeued and succoured. Briefelie, if we will absteine from theft, let vs not bee either cruell wolues, nor wilie foxes. For all they which walke deceitfully and maliciously, are as wilie foxes. Truely poore men, what neede so euer they are in, when they are led to doe euill, they shew themselues no longer men, if they vniustly rake vnto themselues the goodes of another. But they which commit their theeueries by violence and oppression, are as brute beastes, which seeke nothing else, but to consume and deuour al. So then, that we be not theeues, let vs not be cruel. Aboue al let vs learne to waite for all that, which shall be necessarie for vs in this present world, from the bountie and blessing of God. If we hold fast this rule, it is certeine that all couetousnesse, and all pillages, and all deceites, and all such like thinges, shall soone be remoued. We shall not neede then any other medicine than this to heale all our vices: namelie, that we lift our eyes from ground, to say: God is our father, he will prouide vs of all that we stand in neede of, it is hee from whom we must looke for all that apperteineth to the maintenance of this present life: brieflie, it is his blessing which is the fountaine of all riches. If we were well and throughlie persuaded of this, we should not neede more preceptes in the lawe to forbid stealings, we should not neede anie more admonitions, wee should not neede anie more aduertisements, this onlie word would suffice.

But what? Wee demaund of GOD our dailie bread, and while wee protest that hee sustaineth and nourisheth vs, wee exercise our rapines, our pillinges, our deceites, and other such wickednes. Is not this euen to mocke God, when I say with my mouth, Giue me my dailie bread, and in the meane while I go to seeke it of the diuell? For if we vse such vnlawfull meanes, if we deceiue one, if we spoile an other: from whom is it that we take our goods? Is it from the hand of God, or rather from the hand of the diuell? Are we not companions of theeues and of robbers? It is certeine therefore, that we would the diuell enrich vs, when we are giuen so to deceite and extortion: and which more is, it is a sure signe of our infidelitie and vnbeleefe, and that we attend not anie thing at all on the blessing of God, and thinke not, that he is rich inough to susteine and enriche vs. Loe, howe wickedlie we are herein disposed: and yet this wee [Page] ought to profit our selues, when we heare that our Lorde accurseth stealings, and that he teacheth vs, that they are detestable in his sight, to let vs haue them in greater horrour and detestation. Therefore, let vs first of all beare in minde, that God iudgeth not according to the fantasie of men, but that his will is, that we walke in all integritie and vprightnesse, that euerie one haue his right, that none be molested and troubled for his liuing and substance, that wee streightlie withholde our selues from all iniurie and wrong doing. And againe, because we are so inclined vnto euill, let vs consider of those meanes which may holde vs vnder the obedience of GOD, and hinder vs from stealing, of which we haue alreadie spoken: and let vs know, that God hath ioyned vs together, that we should keepe this lawe and rule of equitie. Moreouer, let vs not desire to be rich, but let vs practise this doctrine of bearing pouertie patientlie, that we be not inflamed with a desire of getting, and aduauncing, and promoting our selues further. Againe, let vs abhorre and detest all crueltie and deceit: and aboue all, let vs learne not to be so brutish as to thinke, that when we haue scraped together on this side, and the other, this may be to make vs rich. Let vs beware howe we deceiue our selues in this behalfe. And why? For true riches (as I haue said) proceede from the blessing of God. We must therefore drinke of this fountaine, and be satisfied, if we will absteine from all kindes of theft. But nowe, let vs also enter into consideration of the threats which God setteth before vs. When hee hath sufficientlie shewed that this precept is of great equitie, and that he hath giuen vs the meanes also whereby to walke in all integritie and vprightnesse, without hurting or wronging anie one: seeing vs yet ouer hard to bee brought to the obseruation hereof, and that alwayes our wicked affections carrie vs away headlong altogether backwarde from our dutie, he adioyneth his manaces and threates to feare vs, & to keepe vs in greater awe. And is this a small thing, and lightlie of vs to be considered, when he saieth, That theeues and extortioners shall not enter into the kingdome of heauen?1. Cor. 6. 9. Ephe. 5. 5. Loe then, howe hee expresselie declareth and pronounceth vnto vs, that if we make so great account of this present life, as that for to plucke vnto vs some commoditie, the better to passe through this present worlde, wee will wittinglie prouoke the wrath and indignation of God, we shall be exiled and banished his kingdome. If we had but one onelie droppe of faith, should [Page] not this threat be euen to pearce vs to the heart? But yet our Lord passeth further: for seeing vs so carnall: & so giuen ouer to the world, he sheweth vs that euen in this worlde, hee will make vs goe backward; and hee which shall thinke to lift vp and aduance him selfe by subtile shiftes, by robberies, by extortions, that euen he shalbe consumed, he shall haue a secrete curse and malediction, which shall vndermine him, and consume him to nothing. As in that place which we haue alledged of Zacharie it is saide,Zacha. 5. 3. That the curse of GOD shall come vpon the house of theeues and robbers, and shall remaine therein, vntill they be wholie consumed. We see further, howe hee hath spoken hereof by all the rest of the Prophetes, by whom he hath declared, that when men shall thinke to enriche them selues, when they shall make their reckoning of,Mich. 6. 12. 13. 14. I know not what great wealth, GOD shall blowe on them: yea, with such a breath, that all their pompe shall vanish, and that so soudeinlie, that a man could not perceiue their fall and consumption. But God passeth yet further. True it is, that we may read often and in manie places, that our Lorde scorneth and derideth them, which so torment themselues to gather together great substance, when in the ende all shall decaye and fall away like water. But we shall see further, that great richesse shalbe the cause of their destruction which haue liued in credit and reputation. Beholde, a father which shall haue pilled one, and spoyled an other, which shall haue the whole time of his life prouoked and plucked on his head the vengeance of God: well, hee dieth: it seemeth vnto him that his children shalbe young Dukes, Nowe, if hee had left them but some small portion, to haue bestowed them selues painfullie in some trade: if he had learned them honestlie to trauell for their liuing, his children might haue had wherewith to haue liued a contented life: but loe, the father hath twisted the rope to hang his heires. For when they repose their trust in the richesse which shall haue bene wickedlie gotten, it must needes be, that either they be led to the gibbet, or otherwise perish vnhappilie. And what is the cause hereof? Euen the anger and indignation of God, which lighteth on them, to consume all that which shall haue bene euill gotten by pillings and extortions. The house must needes be accursed, God must needes shew that he is a iust Iudge, both vpon theeues, and vpon all such as make a scorne of his diuine maiestie, when one speaketh vnto them thereof: as we heare these iesters & hickscorners will say: [Page] when the latter iudgement is denounced them: Well, well, it is long time thither, when they oppresse a poore man, who shall haue neither abilitie, nor credit, to mainteine his right against them. Nowe, in the meane time they bath them selues in their iniquities, and welter in their wickednesse. But what? When God seeth that men are so senslesse, and that he can not winne them to euerlasting life, and that they account it nothing to be banished and excluded the kingdome of heauen: Go to (saith he) I summon you to appeare before my throne, behold, I wil now begin to put in execution my once determined sentence: I will giue you to vnderstand, that my curse is vpon euill gotten goods: I will shew you that they, which for a time possesse them, must in the end forgoe them, and that they, their goods, and all their race and posteritie be consumed. Nowe, when we heare all these threats, ought we not to be moued with them, except the diuell haue altogether bewitched and enchaunted vs? What resteth then? Let vs keepe so good and vpright a conscience as God requireth of his, let euerie one trauell faithfully in his vocation, let vs not seeke to grieue and molest our neighbour, let our whole studie bee howe to passe this life ouer, without offending God: and albeit wee haue no great reuenues, although we haue not much to dispend, let sobrietie and moderation serue vs for a double portion. Loe howe wee are to behaue our selues. But nowe, if theftes are so condemned of GOD, what shall this be, when we robbe him of his honour? For wee must make this comparison betweene theftes and sacrileges. Beholde, God hath forbidden vs to be theeues. And why? Because he will that we obserue all equitie and vprightnesse one with another: he will also that the goods he hath dedicated to our vse, be so ordered among vs, that we possesse them not by wicked practises, that hee which hath store of them, dispense and bestowe them so, as hauing but onelie the vse, and not the proprietie of them: that hee which hath little, content him selfe therewith, as we haue said. Now, if God will that we obserue such an integritie and vprightnesse towards our neighbours, as to conserue and keepe vnto them all the goods they possesse, if those things he hath created for our vse, be so deare vnto him, that he will not we defile and make them vncleane by deceites, by oppressions, and such like things: what shall be thought of this which hee esteemeth by manie degrees more pretious? So then, when wee shall haue walked with our neighbours in all integritie, when wee shall [Page] haue sought to giue vnto euerie one, that whiche apperteineth vnto him: let vs render also vnto our God his right, that is to say, let vs glorifie him, let vs take heede that he alwayes remaine in his entire maiestie: and let vs not vsurpe more than he hath permitted vnto vs. As we see howe this rash boldnesse is in men, that when they haue shewed them selues madde and furious, in oppressing their neighbours, they will forthwith sharpen their hornes, and arme them selues against God. When they haue spoiled men of their substaunce, they would also that God should bee subiect to their outrages, and they will not obey him, but when they list, and in that seemeth them good: we must therefore beware of all these thinges. And for conclusion, let vs also take heede, not onely to abstaine from all iniurie and harme doing, but withall, not to permitte or suffer, as much as shall lie in vs, that any one bee molested or indamaged. For these are two thinges which God commaundeth vs, Iustice and Iudgment: Iustice, to giue vnto euerie one his right: and Iudgment, to the end we be not consenting vnto euill, and suffer not that the poore, which haue no meane to susteine and vpholde them selues to bee troden vnder feete. For when I shall with mine eyes see one oppressed, and shall not seeke to aide and helpe him, behold I am consenting to the theefe:Psal. 50. 18. so that the sentence of the fiftie Psalme may bee verified of mee, When thou sawest a theefe, thou diddest runne with him. For is not this to runne with them which steale and robbe, when we seeke not to represse them, or close vp our eyes not to see them, or giue them the bridle in their neckes to passe further? Wee are consenting to a thefte which is committed, and therefore wee must render an account thereof before God, as guiltie of thefte, albeit this be nothing estemed of among men. Let not any therefore thinke, that it is lawfull for him onely to keepe his owne: but let vs consider, that wee must employ our paines also to conserue and increase the good of our neighbours, as our owne: and so the rule of charitie exhorteth vs. Loe, how we shall not be theeues, neither before God, nor before men. Loe, how the goodes which he hath put into our handes shalbe blessed of him, when he shall make vs prosper, and that wee shall haue such a contentation, that wee alwayes aspire vnto, and haue our mindes set on our heauenlie inheritance, knowing that there we shall haue all fulnesse of riches in perfection.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the maiestie of our good [Page] God, with acknowledging of our faultes, praying him to make vs feele them better than wee haue done, and that more and more wee may profite in the obseruing of his holy lawe. And because we are so wicked and peruerse, that all our thoughtes and affections drawe altogether backward, pray wee that it will please him to reforme vs by his holy spirit, & drawe vs so neere vnto him, that renouncing the worlde, and despising all earthlie and transitorie thinges, wee may aspire to his heauenlie kingdome, where wee shall haue all contentation and quietnesse. And so let vs say, Almightie God and heauenlie father, &c.

The. 11. Sermon.

Deut. Chap. 5.‘20 Thou shalt not beare false witnesse against thy neighbour.’

WE haue heretofore seene, that it is not lawfull, after what manner soeuer, to molest and grieue our neighbours, either in their persons, or yet in their goodes. But because there is yet an other kinde of hurting by the tongue, God would also make mention hereof in his lawe, as wee see in this place. Therefore, as before he hath forbidden vs, to commit any outrage against our neighbours, which thing he hath comprehended vnder this woord of murder, not to trouble or annoy them in what sort soeuer, or to hurt them in their goods: so here he sheweth vs, that wee ought to speake no euill of them, that wee must vse no talke which may bee to staine them with any blot of infamie, or any euill and wicked note. True it is, that expresselie he speaketh of bearing false witnesse, but this is, according to the rule we haue before set downe: namelie, that he proposeth those thinges, which ought to bee most of all detested: for this end, that wee shoulde abhorre those sinnes, whiche any way come neere them. If wee therefore speake euill of our neighbours, if we slaunder them, albeit this bee accounted no grieuous sinne before men: yet God shall esteme it as heinous as bearing of false witnesse. But one may make here a question, why God hath in this place spoken [Page] of bearing false witnesse, & of periuries, seeing he hath said before, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vaine? For it seemeth hereby, that this is but a superfluous repetition. And in one so little summarie of the lawe, where there are but ten sentences, to reiterate, and put downe one thing twice, it seemeth not good or conuenient. But we must note for answere hervnto, that the commandement which we haue before expounded, of not taking the name of God in vaine, was in the first table, where God had respect vnto the maiestie of his name, to the end wee might haue it in greater reuerence. Therefore, when we speake of God, let vs consider of the infinite glorie which is in him, that we open not our mouth at any time, but in feare and humilitie. So then, be it we are to sweare, be it that we are to speake of God in any manner, wee must alwayes thinke, that his name ought to be had in reuerence, that we must not vse it at randon, rashlie, or vnaduisedlie. Thus much then touching that we haue before seene. Now God speaketh of an other thing: namelie, of not hurting our neighbours, of not doing them any iniurie, or working them any damage, by our wicked tongue. So then, seeing these commaundementes haue two diuers endes, wee see how these two sentences are different, and that there is nothing superfluous or more than needeth. Let vs therfore diligently note, that forasmuch as it is in this place handled and intreated, how men ought to bee conuersant together in all charitie and vprightnesse, that although the name of God be profaned in false witnessing: the lawe notwithstanding is not superfluous, when it is commaunded, That we beare no false witnesse against our neighbours. Now we haue in this place to declare, that God would in this cōmaundement generallie condeme all slaunders, all false reportes, all defamations, and such like things. And to shew that this is so, it is said expreslie in an other place, Thou shalt not walke about with tales against thy neighbour,Leui. 1 [...]. 16. thou shalt not speake euill of him to defame him. And if the lawe of God conteine a perfecte rule of well liuing, it followeth that this is therein comprised. Now where shall wee place it, but vnder this sentence? Wee must therefore conclude, that albeit GOD hath here specified the name of false witnesse, that this notwithstanding, he woulde extend this doctrine to all slaunders, to all false reportes, to all by tales, whiche tend to the discrediting of our neighbours, or to the hurting of them in their good name and estimation.

[Page] Wee see then howe God would here ioyne vs together in loue and friendship, in as much as he permitteth not any to bee hurte in his good name, no more than in his person, or goodes. Wherefore, he which defameth his neighbours, he which slaundereth them, in what manner so euer, as much as in him lieth maketh as it were warre with God, and breaketh the bond of charitie, which ought to be betweene men: and when wee shall haue well considered all, it is certeine, that false reportes, slaunders, & backbiting, doe more harme oftentimes, than doe theftes. And so let vs knowe, that if wee will obey GOD, we must mainteine the honour and credit of our neighbours as much as shall lie in vs. For when he hath forbidden vs to hurt his good name, he willeth also, on the contrarie side, that wee mainteine the honour and estimation of all. Now it is not sufficientlie mainteined in his estate, when we harme it not, except we withall procure the good thereof. Nowe, wee ought to proceede by the degrees which God would here signifie, when he speaketh of false witnesse bearing. The first is therefore, that when wee shall come into iudgement, we take heede of hurting those by any false report, any lying, any forswearing, whose honour and good we are bound to procure. For he which shall beare false witnesse against his neighbour, he slaieth, he robbeth him as much as in him is, and he doeth all the euill which proceedeth from periurie. True it is, that oftentimes we shall not thinke hereof,Deut. 17. 7. but the thing notwithstanding is so. And this is the cause why GOD commaunded in his lawe, that the witnesses should bee the first which should laye handes to the execution of him, which was punished for any euill deede, to the end it might be knowen, that by their voices, and by their tongues, they hadde put him to death, and that the witnesses should be put in greater feare of speaking otherwise than the truth, when euerie one should thinke he hath to render an account vnto God, if he shall haue bene a witnesse against any. So then, when question is of being a witnesse, euerie one must deepelie consider of the matter, and take diligent heede he enlarge not his conscience, but that he speake in pure simplicitie, that which he knoweth to bee true before God. And here we are to thinke not onely of false witnessinges, whiche shalbe against the life of a man: but of such also, which concerne their goodes and estimation. So then wee are warned in all respectes, to procure the honour and profite of our neighbours, when wee are to beare witnesse: and [Page] yet not so, that vnder this shadowe of couering the iniurie of him which hath offended, or of preseruing his goodes, we lie before God. For if the honour of men bee deare vnto vs, what ought the honour of God to bee, if wee will make comparison? When he forbiddeth me to beare false witnesse against my neighbour, it is, because God will that there bee loue betweene men, that none be iniuried either in his good name, or in his goodes. Now, if God haue a regarde and care of vs, which are but poore wormes of the earth, thinke wee that in the meane time he will forgette him selfe? But if by false witnesse I seeke to beare out, and bolster him whiche hath done euill, if I couer the fault, if I dissemble it, certeine it is, that I blaspheme God as much as in me is. And why? For I protest that I will speake the trueth, and in the meane while I come to lie. And is not this to vnhallowe the name of GOD? Is not this to deface his glorie? So let vs not thinke, that God in this place woulde gratifie euill doers, to couer the iniquitie and wickednesse of men, when he saith, Thou shalt not beare false witnesse against thy neighbour: but he would brieflie shew vs, that wee ought, as farre as wee shalbe able, to procure the credit, and mainteine the good name of our neighbours: so bee it, this may be done in trueth. Moreouer, let vs note, that GOD hath respect here rather to the wicked affections and desires, which proceede from rancour and malice, than to the deede it selfe: as wee shall better perceiue in that which remaineth to bee handled. For wee haue alreadie touched, that God speaketh not here onely of those false witnessinges, whiche are giuen in iudgement, when a solemne oth is taken: but withall, of all slaunders and defamations. So, in what sort soeuer I backbite my neighbours, this shall alwayes bee accounted for false witnesse before God. If I shall goe and blabbe a tale in ones eare, to defame my neighbour, loe a false witnesse. It is true, that I haue not bene called before the Iudge, I haue not put forth my hand to the booke, I haue not vsed any of these ceremonies: yet wee see how GOD speaketh hereof; and therefore beholde howe wee shalbe culpable of so great a fault as I haue saide. But nowe, if I shall aduertise one vppon no euill will that I beare the man, that there is such and such a wickednesse in him, shall I for this bee accounted a false witnesse before GOD? No. For God hath respect preciselie vnto the enimitie and euill will. If then I hate one, and shall vppon this goe about to discredit him by false reportes, if [Page] for the euill will I beare him, I shall seeke to slaunder him, loe, in what I am condemned for a false witnesse. If I bee led with a desire of euill speaking, to defame my neighbour, if this vice reigne so in mee, that I endeuour with all my might to staine his credit, beholde I am a false witnesse. And loe for what cause it is saide, That charitie and loue couereth a multitude of sinnes, but hatred discouereth a multitude of faultes. See howe Solomon hath briefly touched in this sentence,Pr [...]. 10. 12. what the roote is of such false witnessings, as GOD by the lawe hath forbidden and condemned: namelie, that wee are led herevnto by hatred. And why? For if wee loued one an other, without all doubt, wee would endeuour to liue together in all loue and friendshippe. Wee knowe full well, that when we speake euill of one, to hurt his honest name, wee can but kindle a fire of dissention: for be, for the maintenaunce of his credit, must needes bee forced to chafe and fret against vs: and then behold, all loue and friendshippe is broken. So then, as long as wee shall haue a care to mainteine charitie, wee shall couer, as much as wee may, the faultes of our neighbour. But bee wee at variaunce? Our tongues shall forthwith be ouerlauish to speake euill of them, with whom wee disagree: and as our heartes shalbe empoisoned with malice, so must it needes haue his vent in the tongue, that the euill will wee haue smoking within vs, may bee set on light fire abroade. Let vs therefore diligentlie note, that GOD in this place hath condemned all slaunders, whiche proceede from enimitie and euill will. When wee hate one, wee could with him hanged: and if wee are not able to hurt him, neither in his person, nor in his goodes, by spoiling him of his substaunce: yet wee will seeke to shame him with some malicious scoffe or other: wee will endeuour, by all the meanes we may, to defame him. Therefore, when wee beare such haired against any, this is sure an euill roote, and it must needes bring foorth like fruite. Yee see what the point is, wherevnto wee must come, if wee will haue the right vnderstanding of this commaundement of GOD. Now withall, let vs note by the way, that when it is said, That charitie couereth the multitude of sinnes, that this is not so to bee taken, that wee must flatter one an other, and by lying nourish the vices which are in vs: but this is spoken for this purpose, that wee blabbe not foorth the faultes of others; as desirous to defame them: whereby we might [Page] happilie discourage then, and bee an occasion (peraduenture,) that they shall abandon all shame, and giue them selues ouer to vtter impudencie: as wee see many desperate persons doe. Let vs note then, that the holy Ghost meaneth not to make vs flatterers, or mainteiners of the vices whiche are in our neighboures, or to make vs liers: but he will that wee endeuour, with all our might, to correct and amende the faultes which are in them: and yet so, that wee beare charitablie with them, without driuing them to despaire, when they shall bee spotted with many vices. For when a man shall see that one disgraceth and shameth him, and that despitefullie: he will desperatelie giue him selfe ouer vnto all mischiefe, and harden him selfe therein. Wee are therefore the cause, that those which haue heretofore followed some euill trade of liuing, harden them selues therein, and in despite of God and man, persist in their wickednesse, if rudelie and vndiscretelie, without any affection of charitie, wee reprehend them. Wherefore let vs take greate heede, that when we reprehend the vices of any, we doe it with such mildnesse and gentlenesse, that they whiche are reproued may know, that for a loue we beare them, we would withdraw them from the way of destruction.Iam. 5. 2 [...]. And loe why S. Iames hath applied this place to them, which by gentle corrections, by sweete and amiable words, seeke to drawe and allure their neighbours to God. Therefore, when I shall see one ledde away vnto witkednesse, if I warne him of his faultes, and by admonishing of him, can winne him into the right way: loe (saith he) howe this sentence shalbe accomplished, That charitie couereth the multitude of sinnes. I graunt that Solomon speaketh hereof vnto an other end: but Saint Iames hath not euill applied this doctrine: signifying, that when wee would couer sinnes, it must not bee by closing vp our eyes, or by not speaking one word of them. Therefore, when one shall haue offended GOD by dronkennesse, wee must not dissemble the matter altogether, to couer it by charitie: for this were to practise this doctrine verie ill: but we must rather vse gentle and brotherlie correction, and withall procure, that the vices beeing buried before God, they be not called to remembrance before men. We must then content our selues, to haue put our neighbours in minde of their faultes, holding alwayes this measure in our reprehensions, that the faultes beeing corrected and amended, we defame [Page] not (if wee may possibly choose) them, who must haue some shame for their repentaunce, but in no wise bee cast into despaire. But this doctrine is euill practised. For wee see howe wee erre alwayes in both these extremes, and that the meane is neuer kept: namelie, to correct the vices by mildnesse and gentlenesse, which wee see in others, and to seeke so to hide them, as yet to remember the offenders of them: howbeit in such sort, that it bee not to their reproch and infamie. But what? We seeke the loue and fauour of men, and this wee will winne by flattering of them in their sinnes. Wee shall perceiue, howe they offend GOD in one thing or other: this wee let passe. As wee would they should spare vs, so we will winke at and beare with the euill wee see in our friendes. Yee see then a wicked couerture, wherewith Satan blindeth the eyes of wretched sinners. And wee are the cause hereof, because wee dissemble the faultes which ought to be reproued of vs. But yet, as if this euill sufficed not, the worlde at this day is proceeded so farre herein, that we shalbe thought not to bee good friends with them, with whom we are ioyned, except wee will consent vnto all wickednesse for their sakes. And if those, whiche shall offend herein: yea, so farre that they will not doubt to lend their friend a false othe for his commoditie, shall be reprehended and punished for their periurie: What (will one say) woulde you haue me to hurt my neighbour? Am I not bound vnto him? And would you haue me depose against him? How should I doe so? See, see, at what price we set the veritie and truth of God, see how we turne it into a lie, see also how wee abuse the ordinaunce and commaundement of God, by the which he hath forbidden vs to defame our neighbours. So let vs learne that this is a wicked extreme, into which we fall, when wee will beare with that which is euill, when wee will nourish and mainteine vices: and aboue all, when called to giue witnesse, and required trulie to declare, and to open the wickednesse, which is to be amended, we will be culpable thereof, and partakers as farre as we may. If I keepe close murder or theft, if I conceale treason, behold I am accounted accessarie vnto all these crimes both before God & before man. So then this which we haue said, that we ought by charitie to couer the sinnes of our neighbors, this I say hindereth not, but that we may declare the euill we know by them, if it bee needefull, and that wee shalbe required therevnto: yea, it shall bee good for vs so to doe. But there is in this thing an other [Page] vicious extreame, wherein wee offend: when we are ouermuch giuen to blabbe forth those faults, which ought quietlie to be amended and corrected by vs, without making anie great proclamation of them: and this shall proceede oftentimes from euill will, oftentimes from ambition, and oftentimes from a foolish desire of vaunting our selues. From euill will (I say) when oftentimes vnder a colour of zeale we will seeme to haue to punish vices, pretending that we can not suffer that God be offended, we come to prie into the life of them whom we hate, and if we finde anie thing we may grate vppon, anie thing we may snappe them vp for, beholde, wee haue an accusation readie: and thus we falslie abuse the name of God, protesting our selues zealous, men, when we seeke nothing else but to catch our enimies, tripping and failing in some one point of their dutie. And a man may easilie espie our malice in this, that hauing sharpelie reproued a vice in some one, whom wee shall haue hated: wee will beare with it and hide it, as much as wee may possible, in some one of our friendes: such an vnequall measure we will vse. Nowe by this, is it not euident, that there is no good affection in vs, and that wee warre not with the sinnes and vices, but with the persons in whom they are? Verilie, this case is cleare and easily to bee iudged. Let vs therefore learne, that when we are to discouer the faults and vices which are in others, that our heartes must bee cleane and void of all euill will, that we may protest before God, that we desire both the profit and welfare of him whom we accuse. Loe, one note to be obserued. And again, we must take heed of all foolish ambition, as I haue touched, that is, that we make not our selues monsters before men, as we see there are some which would make themselues Saints in crying out vpon, and ratling vp others for their faults. As soone as they shall see anie thing amisse, they must by and by charge a Quest on it, and all the world must knowe he is a zealous fellow: and in the meane time, there is nothing in him but a foolish desire to shewe him selfe. For this cause God oftentimes will punish such a price, in as much as men thinke, that if so they haue sharplie reproued others, O they are Saintes, and in a manner Angels: and in the meane while, they dispense with them selues for much wickednesse: and when they shall haue offended more grosselie than they whom they haue reprehended, they will (forsooth) that men pardon and forgiue them. And why? Because they haue reprehended others to the quicke: [Page] yea, a man shall see some of these which blushe not to say, What? Haue not I reprehended euill? And when I haue behaued my selfe so stoutlie, is it not sufficient? Namelie, that when this wickednesse was committed, I reproued it, I would not suffer it? Well, and if thou couldest not anie thing tollerate it in others, how wouldest thou that one should suffer it in thee? If thou haddest in thee but one drop of good affection, wouldest thou not hate the vice in thy selfe, aswell as in another? So then, when wee shall crie out against our neighbours to reproue them, let vs beware we be void of al ambition, if we will open & discouer the wickednesse we haue perceiued in another. And let vs obserue this rule. First to beginne with our selues, before we condemne the vices of others, & when we haue diligentlie sifted & examined what is in vs, then let vs come vnto our neighbours. This is the order we must obserue in our reprehensions, if we will proceed herein according vnto the will of God. And note we, that in generall God hath in this place condemned all iniuries, all slaunders, so that if we doe but open our mouth to speake euill, in what sort soeuer, of our neighbours, we are condemned as false witnesses before God. But by this it is not meant, that we should hide & keepe close the wickednesse which is manifestly knowen: for as we haue before shewed, that vnder this colour of couering of sins, we must not nourish & foster them by flatteries or lies so we must not vnder this shadowe, that we are forbiden to hurt our neighbors by word, say, that black is white: & this is diligently to be noted. For there are some which would haue nothing condemned what euer it be: yea, they would haue men frame their speach so to colour & disguise things, that if they saw theft cō mitted, they should call it by some other name: they would in no wise, that vices should be condemned by their proper titles. A man shal set this in manie: yea, when one shall sharplie reproue such wicked liuers, as shall not onelie haue offended God them selues, but shall be the cause, that the rest, with whom they liue, shalbe drawen vnto a lose and dissolute life, which shalbe as pestilent and infections sores to rot and corrupt all the rest: when one (I say) shall reproue them, if he touche them as he ought, to the quicke, incontinentlie there shall be some of these nice and delicate felowes, to say, O Sir: should you so speake in the pulpit? A man shall see blasphemies to reigne, a man shall see manifest impietie against God and his woorde, a man shall see such villanous rebellions, as none more, a man shall see such [Page] enormious and outragious offences, that it is not possible to beare with them, except a man wilbe a traitor to God. And well, one shall crie out against these things, and yee shall haue this replie made: What? Doeth not the Gospell teach you to winne all the world by mildnesse? Hath not Iesus Christ called sinners vnto him in all leue and gentlenesse, pardoning them their trespasses? Must they then which preach the Gospell vse such rigour? Lo, what shalbe said: as if Christ would that his grace should be abused, that vices should haue their flote & full saile, that men should dissemble & cloke them, & that they should not be reproued & condemned. Nay, contrariwise, it is said, that by the Gospel he exerciseth an authoritie & iurisdiction to condemne the whole world: & behold to what purpose this is: namelie, that we should be confounded with shame, & as it were ouerwhelmed with confusion, when our sin shalbe opened & declared to vs, that we haue no other refuge but to his meere grace & onlie mercie. Let vs therefore diligentlie note, that wee are forbidden to defame our neighbours of harred & for ill will. But for all this, on the contrarie side, we are commaunded to blame the euill we see in them, and to reproue them with sharpnesse, when they shall ouer grosselie offende, endeuouring with all our might (if wee may be able) to winne them to doe well: and withall, not ceasing to aduertise others, not to bee corrupted by wicked examples. This shalbe better vnderstoode, if wee shall take on the one side the sentence of Iesus Christ, where he saith, Who soeuer shall haue called his neighbour Foole,Mat. 3. 22. shal be culpable of hell fire, who soeuer shall haue onelie groined against him, is alreadie damnable: and on the other side, that sentence where it is said,Ephe. 5. 11. That we must reproue the vnfruitfull workes of darkenesse, that we must detest and abhorre euill: as Saint Paule speaketh hereof also, when he saith vnto the Corinthians,1. Cor. 14. 25 That if the Gospell be preached, as it ought, they which shall heare it, hauing the secretes of their hearts made manifest, shalbe constreined to giue glorie vnto God, casting them selues to the earth, that is to say, being ashamed of their sinnes. And why? Because they are brought to light, whereas before they were hidden, when their sinnes were not knowen: they see that they are defamed before God, and there is no talke of hiding them selues anie longer. Therefore when I shall haue groined of euill will against my neighbour: yea, albeit so closelie, that one can not say, that I haue called him knaue or foole, but shall [Page] onelie haue wagged my head, or bit my lippes at him. Loe, a false witnesse bearing before God. And why? For I despise my neighbour, I desire also to put him to reproch and infamie. And what hath stirred me vp herevnto? Some grudge I beare him, some euill will I haue conceiued against him. Now contrariwise, when I will aduertise my neighbour, so that I shall seeke to do him good, that I shalbe led by no euill affection, but that I would procure his saluation as farre as lieth in me, I may say, Vnhappie man that thou art, take heede to thy selfe, it seemeth thou wouldest sell thy selfe vnto Satan, it seemeth thou wouldest captiue thy selfe vnder his cursed seruitude and bondage: thou shewest well that thou art past all sense, and enraged, when thou wilt receive no admonition, regard no warning: wilt thou needes perish mischieuouslie and miserablie? Go cayt [...]e: thou art worthie to be hated and spat at of all men. I may vse to say all these words with a man, and yet do him no iniurie. And why? For I can not otherwise bring him to him selfe, to amend him. Therfore, when I see that Sathan hath so hardened him, that I must hammer him with great blowes to awaken him, I may here proceede with such vehemencie of words: and behold also, how I shall seeke hereby to couer his faultes. For what other end and purpose haue I? What other thing shoote I at, but that they should be pardoned him of God, and that before the world he should no longer be defamed and made a reproch? It grieueth me that men point at him with their fingers, that he is become a reproch and byword to all, that he is as it were on a scaffold or stage exposed to all ignominie and shame. This grieueth me (I say) and therfore I seeke to bring him into the right way, so that I vse no iniurie towards him, in this manner of proceeding which I obserue. Nowe, in the meane time we must take heede, that we loose not the bridle to anie excessiue bitternesse of reprehending. For albeit we haue a good zeale, & are not moued with anie ill will: yet notwithstanding, we shal verie much offend, when we shalbe ouer bitter in reprouing.Gal 6. 1. Loe, why Saint Paule expreslie warneth vs of this, that we reproue with all gentlenesse those which haue offended. Consider saith he, that thou maiest also fall and offend. Let vs therefore vse such mildnesse and gentlenesse towardes our neighours, as we would be vsed towards vs in the like case. But howe euer it be, let vs speake of vices so, that we disguise them not, to make them seeme nothing, & let vs seke roughlie to reforme them which haue offended: [Page] reprouing them in such sort, as they are able to beare, and as we see them disposed: regarding alwayes, that we be moued hereto by charitie and brotherlie loue. And so, when we shall pray God to conduct vs in this thing, and to gouerne vs by his holie spirit, a man shall not be able to count it an iniurie done to him, when we shal haue told him of his faultes roundly, and yet charitably. Ye see then what we haue to obserue touching this commaundement: namely, that we must not open our mouth to speake one worde slaunderously, and maliciously, against our neighbour: and yet in the meane time, that we reproue simply and plainly, such as shall haue offended, as we woulde men should haue a care to correct and amend vs in the like case. When we shall vse such equitie and discreete dealing: behold, we shall not bee false witnesses. Moreouer, let vs note, that when mention is made here of falshoode, we are not only forbidden to forge and inuent a lie, in such sort, that that we shal say, be falsly contriued and deuised without anie colour at all: but if we maliciously depraue that which in it self is not euill, we beare herein false witnesse. As it is said, that they which deposed against our Lorde Iesus Christ, that he had said, Destroy this Temple, and in three daies I will build it vp again,Mat. 26. 6. were false witnesses, and yet it is certein, that Iesus Christ had so spoken: that is to say, had pronounced these verie wordes with his mouth. They then which recite them, why are they called false witnesses? The reason is, because they turned the wordes of the sonne of God into an other sense than he had spoken them: and so sought to bring him into hatred, charging him with so wicked a slaunder, as if he had spoken of the materiall temple of Hierusalem, when he spake of his owne body, which was the true temple, in the which dwelt all the fulnesse of the God head:1. Tim. 3. 16. for hee was God manifested in the flesh. So then, we see that the falshoode which God here condemneth, is not then only cōmitted, when we contriue a lie, when we forge that which was neuer said or done, when we deuise a tale neuer knowne or heard of before: but then also, when we shall haue maliciously disguised and altered a matter which might bee well interpreted, turning it to an euill sense, when it might be well ment: and herein we bee false witnesses. For example. There are some so wayward and ouerthwart, that as soone as they perceiue anie thing which displeaseth them, albeit it haue no euill at all in it, neither against God, neither against man: yet are they readie to make an accusation thereof, and to say, O [Page] see such a man hath spoken or done such a thing, so that a man shall not haue giuen, I know not what the smallest blotte that may be, but that which was a vertue shalbe taken for a vice. So then, when wee shall haue wrested and depraued for one onely word, that which hath bene well said: loe, we charge a man with euill, wee hurt his good name, and harme him in his reputation. Let vs therfore note that we are false witnesses, not only when we forge & inuent that which hath neuer bene done or spoken: but when by anie subtile cauill, by any euill & sinister interpretation, we shall turne that to euill which might haue bene well taken. Now, as I haue said, this is oftentimes done, when men are too reprehensiue & ouer captious, when they are wayward & frowardly bent: for then will they turne all to ill. It is said, That charitie is not suspicious (as S. Paule hath spoken hereof) and that we must know the euill before we condemne it.1. Cor. 13. 5. It is verie true, that we may bee often times deceiued in iudging of that which is good, and that which is euill: but when there shalbe such signes and markes, that the things shalbe so manifest, that we may be bolde to say: Behold a wicked thing, yet if we be ouermuch bent to snatch at it, we may offend. And aboue al, when we haue so malicious a nature, as to backbite & to slander men for we know not what, know we that we are cōdemned as false witnesses before God. Now if those which on some occasion giuen, haue shewen themselues hardie & bold in reprehending, are yet to be condemned, because they haue proceeded therin ouer rigorously: what shall be said of them, which of manifest hatred will peruert that which hath bin done or spoken, which ought notwithstanding to haue bene well taken, & wherein there shalbe no manifest vice? If they will peruert & depraue it by their ill & wicked handling, are they not false witnesses before God? So then, let vs lerne, so to procure the honor & profit of our neighbours, that alwayes we haue a regard vnto it in our talking. Be it then that we reprehend them, be it that we speake of their vices, to the end they may be punished for them, & that they which might be seduced & led vnto euill by their wicked example, be not peruerted: let vs neuerthelesse alwayes haue this regard, to procure their profite & welfare as much in vs lieth. And let vs alwayes obserue this measure in reprouing, that we defame not men in such sort, that they be wholy discoraged to returne to do well. For we ought rather to burie their vices asmuch as wee may, both before God & before men, that they may call to minde their dutie, & not lose all shame to giue ouer themselues inordinately vnto [Page] all wickednesse. Thus ye see in what sort we ought to procure their good. Now, if we will, as we ought, obserue this which is here cōteined, we must come to an higher point & principle: namely, to consider why God hath made our tongue, & for what cause he hath bestowed on vs the gift of speking, knowing he hath granted it vs to this end, that we might cōmunicate together. Now the cōmunication which is betwene mankind, what other end ought it to haue than to maintein vs in charitie? We must therfore briefly lerne, so to bridle our tongues, that the vnitie & peace which God commandeth that we haue among vs, be always kept & nourished asmuch as is possible.Iohn. 13. 6. And lo why S. Iames vseth such vehemencie when he mentioneth euill speeches: he saith that the tongue which is but a smal portion of the bodie, & a litle morsell of flesh, kindleth notwithstanding such a fire, as might burne the greatest & thickest forests in the world. Let vs therefore returne to this principle: namely, to know that God hath bestowed on vs a singular benefite, in giuing vs the meane to be able to cōmen & conferre together. Lo the thoughts & affections of men are secret & hidden, & the tongue which openeth and displayeth the secrets of the heart. Let vs therfore consider diligently how to vse well so great a benefite, let vs beware how we defile our tongue with our vices & wickednes, seeing God hath giuen it to nourish a loue & brotherhood among vs: let vs take heed we abuse it not to babble & prattle of this & that, so as to turne our speeches to ill purposes, to be empoisoned one against another. Behold what is the point whervnto we must come. Now seeing we haue in generall known how we shal auoid this vice of being false witnesses, because this is an hard matter to bridle our tongues, let vs trauell herein with so much the greater diligence. We see how many ill speches easily escape vs, & when we haue spoken at rouers, without any thinking what we say, because we are so accustomed herevnto we thinke it no vice before God. But let vs note, that the more we are by nature inclined to speake vndiscreetly, to reproch and backbite our neighbours, the more paines we must bestowe to represse, and bridle our tongues. For if we be giuen to any sin, this inclination and accustoming our selues vnto it, shal not serue vs for an excuse before God. Nay, when we shall haue knowne anie vice to bee in vs, wee must bee so farre off from flattering our selues herein, that we ought to sigh and say: Alas, I see this vice reigneth ouer much in mee, I must therefore more manfullie warre against it, and force my selfe, through the grace of my GOD, so farre as to represse [Page] [...] [Page] [...] [Page] in me, that thing which I see God condemneth. And to be the more heedfull in this thing, let vs thinke on the manace and threat he gaue against it.1. Cor. 6. 10. For when Saint Paule saith, That neither fornicatours, nor dronkards, nor extortioners, nor murderers, shall inherite the kingdome of heauen, & numbreth also among them railers, euill speakers, banishing them in like maner from all hope of euerlasting life and saluation: when we heare this, is there any talke to be had of couering vs with leaues, to make our selues beleue there is no ill done, when we shall haue slaundered our neighbours? Thinke we that the threat which God hath pronounced by the mouth of Saint Paule, is onely to feare little children, and that it shall not bee executed vpon them, which would exempt themselues from it in despite of him? So then let vs labour with all our diligence, to obserue this commandement. And aboue all (that wee may conclude herewith) let vs make this comparison, that if God will that the good name of our neighbours be kept and esteemed deare of vs, and if he so streightly forbid vs all ill reproches and slaunders, which might disgrace and discredite him, how ought we to behaue our selues towards him? Are wee not an hundred times more bound to mainteine the honour of God? And because we cannot profite him any way, are we not much more bound herevnto, than to conserue in his entire estate the honour of men? So then let vs beware of being false witnesses against God: as S. Paule saieth,1. Cor. 15. 15 That they which corrupt the puritie of the Gospell, are false witnesses against God, and not against men. What must be done then? The truth of God must be mainteined by vs, we must proceede therein roundly and vprightly: when wee shall see a good doctrine, we must defend and susteine it, knowing that God appointeth vs as his Proctors and Atturnies. Shall I then see a truth borne downe and oppressed? I must not suffer this as much as in me lieth. And why? For God calleth me to procure in his name, that an vntruth be repressed, and borne to the ground. And this ought to be obserued, especially when the question is concerning the doctrine of saluation. So that when we shall see that this doctrine shalbe falsified, and that men would herein mingle their leuen, to corrupt others with their falshoode and lying, we must here shewe our selues trulie zealous, not to suffer false witnesses against God, to haue their sway: except we will be consenting with them, and partakers of their wickednesse, as I haue alreadie declared. And so let vs learne, that when [Page] we shall haue liued with men in such simplicitie, that a man shall not be able to charge vs, that by backbitings, lies, or slaunders, we haue discredited any one: we must also haue this zeale towards GOD, that his truth remaine in his entire and perfect estate, and that it be mainteined so, that it may reigne and beare rule among vs. Ye see in effect what we haue to consider vpon this commandement.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our good God, with acknowledging of our sinnes, praying him to make vs feele them better than we haue done, that we may be led further and further vnto such a repentance, as we may learne to consider of our vices, to be sorie for them, and to be displeased with our selues, to the end, that hauing obteined forgiuenesse of them, we may learne to order our life after his commandementes, that he may be honoured of vs in all true obedience, and not onelie by confession of mouth. That it will please him to graunt his grace not onelie vnto vs, but to all people and nations of the earth, &c.

The. 12. Sermon.

Deut. Chap. 5.‘21. Thou shalt not couet thy neighbours wife, neither shalt thou desire thy neighbours house, nor his fielde, nor his man seruaunt, nor his maide, nor his oxe, nor his asse, nor any thing that is his.’

IT might seeme at the first sight, that this commaundement is superfluous, because that God hauing condemned theft and adulterie, would there also represse all wicked concupiscences and desires. For wee haue said, that these commaundementes must be expounded of vs, according to the nature of God. And we knowe, that the proper office of God is to sound our heartes, that he onelie knoweth the thoughtes which are secret and [Page] hid: and therefore it foloweth, that when God forbiddeth men to bee theeues and adulterers, he would bridle their affec [...]ons and desires. And in verie deede if this were not, God should haue no more power in making and prescribing of lawes than mortal men. For an earthlie man, if he condemne adulterie, he will also condemne the act and deede thereof: yea, if an euill intent and meaning appeare, it shall be punished. If the law of God were such, it should import no great thing. For it should be but a policie, that is, a rule of order to gouerne vs honestlie before men. But there is in it much more. As we see that S. Paule saith,1. Tim. 1. 5. That the law cannot bee kept and obserued without a pure conscience and a faith vnfeigned. If it be then required, that we haue such a soundnesse for to obserue rightlie, and as we ought, the lawe of God: it followeth, that vnder the name of adulterie, all wicked lustes and desires are forbidden, and so likewise vnder the name of theft. We might also alledge to this purpose the authoritie of our Lord Iesus Christ, who is a faithfull interpreter of the lawe. For it is by his spirite that. Moses and all the Prophets haue spoken. Why then is it now added, that we must not couet or desire? If mention hath bene alreadie made of all wicked desires, was there any neede that this should be againe repeated? Wee must therfore note for answere herevnto, that God in this place would not represse such wicked affections and desires as are alreadie resolute and concluded vpon of vs, but those affections which do first pricke and stirre vs vp, albeit we cleaue not, nor consent vnto them. This requireth a more ample and familiar exposition. Sometimes to couet, importeth the will which is in a man, as when I shall cast mine eye on the goodes of my neighbour, if I shall be tempted to couetousnesse, and that I nourish such a temptation in me, and giue my selfe the bridle: loe sinne hath wonne so much, that I haue a resolute will in me, that I could wish well that this should be mine. Loe then one kind of desire which importeth withall a will, when a man shall consent vnto sinne, and if hee had the meane, he would put in practise his wicked wil and purpose which he hath conceiued. Now such wicked desires haue bene alredie forbidden, when it hath bene said, Thou shalt not steale: Thou shalt not commit adulterie. For God hath not only forbidden the act of fornication & stealing, but to desire and lust after, either the wife of an other, or his goods & substaunce. But there are other desires and lusts, to the which we cleaue not at all, to consent vnto [Page] them, which oftentimes tickle and stirre vs vp, and we perceiue some motion in vs which is against God, and is rebellious to the integritie and vprightnes which is conteined in the law, and such desires are forbidden in this place. So we see, that God, not without cause, hauing condemned all euill desires and affections, annexeth, that this is not yet such a perfection as he requireth: but wee must know that euerie affection which stirreth vs vp vnto euill, albeit we conclude not any thing within our selues, neither rest our selues on it, that if onlie a concupiscence forceablie breake forth in vs, and we striue therwith, that this is a sinne committed: we are culpable before God. And thus we see what integritie is required in this place when our Lord hauing forbidden wicked desires, adioineth that both our senses and mindes must be locked vp in such sort vnder his feare, and inflamed with such a loue and desire, to walke in all holinesse, that we be not moued or driuen either on one side or other by any wicked passion, to desire either the good or the wife of an other. Now seing we haue the intent and meaning of God, let vs diligently consider whervnto he bindeth vs. For the law ought to serue vs for a looking glasse, to behold the pouertie and miserie which is in vs: and after that we shall haue vnderstood what our dutie is, let vs know that we are to be condemned, if we come not neere that perfection, to the which God hath called vs. Ye see wherevpon we must slaie to make our profite of this last commaundement of the lawe. And to the ende that we may be so much the more attentiue, and that we may knowe that this is a doctrine which requireth, that we applie our whole studies therein, let vs beare in minde that which S. Paule saith, That being reputed a great and exceding wise Doctor,Phil. 3. [...]. hauing bene nourished in the law of God from his infancie, yet was he so blind, that he vnderstoode not what the lawe of God ment, vntill he was conuerted, and that our Lorde Iesus Christ had enlightened him by his Gospell, to the end he might knowe whither the lawe of God ought to lead vs.

Beholde then Saint Paule, who was instructed in such sorte, that hee was in great reputation among men, not among the Painims, to say, that he was some great Philosopher: but he was taught and brought vp in the lawe of GOD. And touching his life, hee protesteth, that he liued irreprehensible, as without all faulte beefore men: Loe, I say, Sainte Paule [Page] an holy and learned personage after the common estimation of men, but yet a poore beast touching the law of God. And why? He saith he esteemed himselfe liuing, & that he thought himselfe iust before God, and knew not that he had neede of the mercie which GOD offereth vnto all sinners. For he absteined from theft, from fornication, & such like thinges: he had no wicked desires in him which one might perceiue, and which might be knowen vnto men, so that he iustified him selfe in his owne fantasie. Now in the end, when God had taken pitie on him, he opened his eyes, & made him to vnderstand that which is conteined in this last commaundement, Thou shalt not couet. Behold how S. Paul began now first to vnderstand the lawe, in which before he was a doctor, making profession thereof, wherein hee had bene taught and instructed from his first age. Vntill he had wel considered and medicated of this, he tript ouer the quicke coles, he learned his lesson (as we say) by rot, he neuer tasted nor vnderstoode the force and power of the lawe, he neuer knewe that this was sinne, to condemne himselfe before God, and to haue his refuge to his mercie, in the which the hope of our saluation lieth, and wherevpon it ought to be grounded. Seeing then S. Paul knew not the law, and had no right vnderstanding thereof, but by this worde: let vs labour herein with so much the more diligence: and seeing that all the time of his life, vntill his conuersion, he was so blind, that he vnderstood not this worde: by so much the more ought we to bee attentiue in this place, for we are of no greater abilitie than he: but God by his holy spirit must reueale to vs what this concupiscence is, which hee hath in this place condemned. Now beyond all this, we must haue an other admonition which is very needfull and necessarie for vs. For the diuell hath sought in such sort to couer and hide this precept, that a man should not knowe the intent and meaning of God, but that one should lightlie content himselfe, to condemne onelie those euill concupiscences for sinne, which appeared manifestly, and whereof a man were plainly conuicted. So that many haue restrained this word of concupiscence to those euill affections and desires, which importe a resolute will and full consent. Now this is against the natural sense and meaning of Moses: and yet is this a doctrine fullie concluded on in papistrie. Although the Papists cannot denie, that to be pricked and prouoked with an euil and wicked desire, is a damnable vice, and which procedeth from originall sinne, and from this corruption [Page] which we drawe from our father Adam: yet they imagine that after baptisme this is no more a sinne. As if such a fantasie come into the minde of man, to doubt of the promises of God, to murmur against him, to be angrie with him: when a man shalbe afflicted, if it come into his fantasie to accuse God of iniustice and crueltie, this is not a sinne say the Papists. Neither are these of the rudest & ignoraniest sort among them which speake thus, but this is a generall resolution & doctrine vniuersally concluded on in all their diuelish Synagogs. There is not a Synagog among them, where this hath not bene receiued as an article of faith: namelie, that a man being prouoked and stirred vp with some wicked desire sinneth not, that if he be tempted in himselfe to commit murther, to empoyson any, to commit fornication: and briefly, to be guiltie of all the crimes and enormities in the world: if so that he consent and assent not thereto, (for loe the wordes which they vse) that is to say, if hee resolue not himselfe herein, to say, I will put in practise my wicked conceite, and that hee stay not himselfe hereon to please himselfe in this wicked affection, all this is no sinne. This is, say they, but to exercise vs in combate and fight against sinne, and we then declare that we are valiant champions, and that sinne beareth not rule ouer vs, or reigneth in vs. Now I graunt it is true, that the faithfull shew well that the spirit of God reigneth in them, when they repell and beate backe such temptations, when they bridle and captiue themselues so, when they resist and withstand such thinges, knowing that they are contrarie vnto God, and that he condemneth them. It is certeine that hereby it is shewed, that God hath geuen vs victorie ouer sinne, and that the vertue and power of his spirit abideth in vs, and that we are stoute and valiaunt champions to bid battell against Sathan. But this is not to say, that we are exempted and freed from all fault, and that we may so plucke out of vs all sinne, and ransome our selues so fullie, as if it might not staine and spot vs no longer. Alas, we are farre wide from this. For on the one side it is true, that we haue great cause to praise God, that he bestoweth this grace on vs by his holy spirit, to surmount & ouercome all wicked affections. But in the meane time, we ought to bewaile our selues, knowing that we are on our part ouerweake, and that if he take not pitie on vs, forasmuch as we haue within vs an euill and wicked conscience, which is to prouoke his vengeaunce against vs, we should well deserue to be throwen downe of him into the bottomlesse [Page] pit of hell. But let vs note how God would here open and discouer the shame and reproche of the Papists, and how he would shew that the greatest Clerkes among them, are more rude and ignorant than the poore vnbeleeuers which neuer heard one word of the holy scripture. And why? For let vs consider of that which is conteined in the lawe. It is said, that the summe of the lawe is, That wee loue God with all our heart, with all our minde, with all our vnderstanding, with all the faculties and powers we haue. If it were said, Thou shalt loue God with all thine heart, a man might with some colour conclude, that there is no sinne, but when the will is certeine and resolute. For the heart in the Scripture, although it signifie sometime the vnderstanding, yet is it taken for the will. Now then, one might vse this cauill:Deut, 6. 5. It is said, That we must loue God with all our heart,Mat. 22. 37. if so be then our will be not contrarie: well, it is inough, we haue quited our selues before God. For one might happilie restraine the will from consenting to this wicked affection, and so it should seeme that the wicked desires which first incite and stirre vs vp, and yet hold vs not captiues, be not comprised vnder sinne. But God addeth, With all thy heart, with all thy vnderstanding and thoughtes, and with all thy powers.

Let vs now consider, if I conceiue any thing against God, if I conceiue any euill lust or desire of fornication or stealing, albeit I cleaue not at all vnto it, whether one part of my soule & vnderstanding bee not alreadie corrupted, and whether I loue God with all my heart, when one parte of my vnderstanding is bent against him? There is no question of the heart, but of this apprehension and conceiuing of the minde, which is in the soule of man. Nowe I shewe well that there is vanitie in this, that the feare of God withholdeth me not as it ought. It followeth then, that I am culpable and condemned, because I discharge not my selfe in louing GOD, as he hath commaunded me. And againe, is there not some vertue and power of my soule which applieth not it selfe to thinke on this or that, which is contrarie vnto GOD and his iustice? So then, wee see that euill and wicked thoughtes are condemned, and that wee cannot so excuse them, but that GOD shall worthilie punish vs for them. And let vs knowe, that albeit men neuer consent vnto euil, to haue their will resolutely bent therevnto: yet cease they not to bee accursed before GOD, if hee would vse his seueritie against them. [Page] Now therefore wee haue the true sense and meaning, and wee see withall, that wee must take diligent heede to this place, that we bee not seduced and abused herein. And the example of Saint Paule ought to pricke vs forwarde so much the more, seeing that he confesseth that hee was ignoraunt of the lawe of GOD, vntill our Lord Iesus Christ had enlightened him by his holy spirite, to the ende hee might knowe what this worde of concupiscence imported. It remaineth that we now applie this which hath bene touched to our vse and profite.

In the first place therefore let vs learne, that to serue God well, and as we ought, we must not onelie desire to doe well, neither is it sufficient that we profit herein, and proceede effectually: but we must purge our selues of all euill and wicked affections, and of all corrupt thoughts, in such sort, that all our senses & vnderstanding tend to this end, to giue ouer our selues fullie and wholie vnto God, that we may shew wee haue not bene so distracted, as to bend on one side or other: but that wee bee held vp so streight, as to runne without beeing hindered or staied: yea, to runne in that way, whiche God sheweth vs, so that there bee in vs nothing, but all puritie: and when wee shall haue well and throughlie vnderstood this, wee shalbe aduertised to bee watchfull, and to stand on our garde. For wee see howe men wander, and lead them selues astray. And what is the cause hereof? Because they reckon (as wee say) without their host. For they expounde the lawe of GOD after their owne fansie, and they thinke it sufficient, if their will bee not wicked, and that they rest not them selues on their euill thoughtes. Well, God will not impute this vnto vs, say they: and herevppon they walke on in their wicked concupiscences, and they haue an headband whiche they put before their eyes, that they might not knowe howe closelie they deceiue them selues. Now when men speake thus, yet this will not serue them to escape the hande of the heauenlie Iudge. Let vs therefore take diligent heede, we restraine our selues in our concupiscences. For God hath not onelie condemned wicked intentes and purposes, but all desires also, which prouoke vs to euil, and driue vs therevnto. Let vs therefore walke in so much the greater feare, let euerie one hold him self, as it were vnder lock, forasmuch as there is no part in vs, which is not infected with sinne. For let vs examine all the faults of our soule, and wee shall finde sinne dispersed ouer all: [Page] as when a poison hath entred the bodie of a man, so that euerie part thereof is infected. There is in vs such an vniuersall leprosie, as possesseth both the bones and the marrowe, the thoughts and the affections, and all which is in vs. Seeing then it is so, that our nature is thus corrupted, ought wee not to be so much the more vigilant and watchfull to hold our selues in bridle, seing God by the law hath condemned all wicked thoughts, which tend to incite vs vnto euill, seeing hee hath condemned the smallest motion which flattereth & tickleth vs, and when we onelie feele our will a little pricked and stirred, albeit it be not at all held captiue? When we see this (I saie) haue we not great occasion to awaken vs to walke vnder the hand of God, in so much the greater heedefulnesse? So then behold how this precept ought to awaken vs, when wee are so sleepie and southfull, and would so easilie acquite our selues of our duetie towardes God. But let vs knowe, that no such shiftes will serue vs to escape. And why? God followeth on alwayes to condemne wicked desires, hauing condemned wicked counsels and purposes. Nowe this doctrine ought to serue two wayes to our vse and profite. First, it may teach vs more feruentlie to praie vnto God to gouerne vs by his holy spirit, and to purge vs from all our corruptions and vices. And againe, hauing made our request and prayer vnto him, that euery one force himselfe, that we vse violence with our nature, with all our senses and appetites, seeing there is in vs such a rebellion against the law of God. As S. Paul also speaketh not onelie of the wils of men, when he saith,Rom. 8. 7. That through their peruerse and crooked nature, they are enimies vnto God: but he mentioneth the affections & thoughts, for he vseth a word in that place which signifieth the thoughts which we conceiue. Seeing it is so, let vs knowe, that when we shall haue bestowed our labour well, to hold our selues snaffled with the bridle of God, that yet some euil desires shal escape vs, for which we ought to lament and bewaile our selues before God. Loe what the first vse of this doctrine is: namelie, that we haue this zele to call vpon God to gouerne vs by his holy spirite, and that we employ all our paines herein, and vse such force with our selues to be retained from all euil, that Sathan haue not his entrance into our heartes, that he may not make any breach into vs, to winne possession of our bodies: but that we keepe him aloofe and farre off. And as soone as we shal perceiue any thought in vs, which shall tende vnto euill, let vs come forth to [Page] oppose our selues against it, let vs make this barre, to say, What? God must beare rule wholie in thee, he must possesse not onelie thy mind, but all thy senses and thoughts. For the second, we must learne to condemne our selues, & giue all glorie vnto God, in confessing that we are all culpable & guiltie, and that if he call vs to account, & shall vse seueritie with vs, loe we all perish and are cast downe to the bottomlesse pitte of hell. We must come vnto this point, otherwise we shall not profite in the lawe of God, as wee ought. But here a man may demand, seeing that God knoweth the frailtie and weaknesse of men, Why he either strengtheneth not them better, or why he maketh a lawe so straite and so austere? For it seemeth that God would oppresse vs, when he forbiddeth wicked desires, and that he is not content that we render him obedience in our willes, enioyning vs no further thing by adding this word. And loe why these ieasters say, That God would spite and anger men in his law, and as it were forbid them to scratch themselues when they itch. But we must come to knowe this miserie and wretchednesse which is in vs: namely, that we haue neither thoughtes nor affections, which are not rebellious vnto God. Let vs not therefore maruell, if there be such a strife and combate betweene the lawe of God, and our lustes and appetites. And why? For when we haue diligently sifted and examined what soeuer is within vs, we shall finde there is nothing but all manner of corruption and damnable wickednesse. For we cannot conceiue one onelie thought which tendeth not vnto euill. Seeing it is so with vs, and that God hath giuen vs a perfect rule of all goodnesse and vpright liuing, hath hee not as it were thundered against vs? And is it not manifest, that the fire and the water are at lesse strife, yea, agree better, than the nature of men, and the iustice of God? Let vs not therefore thinke it straunge, that God hath so reproued our appetites and lustes: and when we heare the blasphemies which these ieasters spue foorth, let vs detest them as monsters. For in steade of glorifying of GOD in his iustice, they fling themselues and spurne against him, as sauage and furious beastes. Lo what wee haue to note touching the frailtie and weaknesse of men: that albeit it bee so great: yet he condemneth it in his lawe. And why? For when GOD ordereth our life, and sheweth vs howe wee are to walke, hee hath not respect what we can doe: but hee considereth of that we owe him, he respecteth what vprightnesse and innocencie [Page] of liuing is, though it be not found in vs. We are the creatures of GOD: ought wee not then to giue ouer our selues wholie to his seruice? Without all doubt we ought: for this is a percemptorie reason: and can not be gainesaide. And men may well mutter and murmur hereat, yet shall they alwayes bee conuicted with so manifest a proofe, that hauing their beeing of GOD, and for him, they ought to dedicate vnto him all their senses and affections, and whatsoeuer there is either in their bodie or their soule. Nowe withall let vs note diligently, that we cannot acquire vs of our duetie towardes him. But where is the cause hereof, but in our owne nature? But this we drawe from Adam. It followeth not, for that we are helde captiues vnder sinne, and that this cursed seruitude and bondage hindereth vs from doing well, and maketh vs giue our selues altogether vnto that which is euill, what euer other cause be hereof, the roote is in vs, and euerie one shall feele himselfe culpable.Iam. 1. 13. And we must not say, that we are driuen herevnto by anie externall force, but euerie one is ledde and driuen vnto this by his owne proper concupiscence, and so there remaineth no excuse for vs. And hereby we see that we must not measure the lawe of God by our owne faculties and powers. And why? God respecteth not what we can doe, or what our power and abilitie is: but he respecteth howe farre we are bound vnto him, he respecteth this integritie and perfection, which is without vs. Behold what we haue to obserue. And this is that which abuseth and deceiueth the Papists. For they haue this principle among them, That the law of God is not impossible vnto men. It is wonderfull how they haue bene so mad, how the diuell hath inchanted and bewitched them in such sort. For this doctrine is most cleare and manifest throughout all the holy scripture: namely, that men shall bee alwayes condemned by the lawe, and must alwayes haue recourse to the meere grace and mercie of God. When Saint Paule will proue that men are accursed being sinners,Gal. 3. 10. and that there is not at all one iust man, what argument or reason is it which hee vseth? He alledgeth the place of Moses: Cursed is euerie man that continueth not in all things which are written in the booke of the law to do them. Now it might seeme at first sight, that Saint Paule hath euill argued, and that this reason is impertinent. For let it bee graunted, that all they which haue transgressed the lawe of God, are accursed: yet it followeth not, that all mankinde be curssed. For [Page] if one man obserue the lawe, and acquite himselfe herein: loe hee is exempted out of this condemnation. Some then shall bee founde which shall haue obserued the lawe of GOD, and therefore all are not curssed. But Saint Paule presupposeth that the lawe is vnpossible, and if he had not tooke this as graunted, hee might seeme to haue proceeded in his argument without sense or reason. Thus we see that the Papistes haue taken and grounded themselues vpon a principle and ground, altogether contrarie to the spirite of God: yea, they are so rude and ignoraunt, that they haue not yet learned and vnderstoode the ABC of faith, and of Christian religion. So then, let vs diligently note, that when question is of the lawe of GOD, we must not measure it by our strength and power, to respect what we are able to doe: but we must consider what we owe vnto God. Yea: but what then shall bee the meane to deliuer vs from the curse of the lawe? For it seemeth vnto them, that all the worlde must needes be damned. I graunt it well, and it behoueth it bee so, that is, that we be all damned, if we will haue saluation in Christ Iesus. For how shall we seeke vnto the grace and mercie of God, except we knowe the want and need we haue thereof? Men would not seeme beggers by their good will. But as long as we shall thinke anie iustice to bee in vs, wee shall neuer haue any care to seeke it elsewhere, than in our selues, & therfore we must be wholie rid of all opinion of our owne vertues, we must perceiue the wrath of God which is bent against vs, we must feele the weight and burthen of death which lieth on and presseth vs. For without this, it cannot bee that wee shall bee able to prepare our selues to obteine mercie at the hande of GOD. But this thing requireth a more large and ample declaration. Let vs therefore first of all beare in minde, that when wee feele anie euill thought to arise in vs, and that our appetites and lustes, with anie pleasant motion, shall tickle and stirre vs vp vnto euill, that we bee culpable and also guiltie of sinne before GOD. But here one may demaunde this question, Whether, if when a man conceiueth a wicked thought, and hee bee so farre from resting on it, that hee detesteth it before hee feele anie pricke and prouocation thereof, whether this be sinne? As there are manie thoughtes, whiche touche not our heart, which moue vs not at all, which ingender and breede no wicked lust in vs: yea, a man may haue some thought arise, beeing as [Page] it were halfe a sleepe: and well, this flitteth from him without mouing the heart, or drawing anie lust after it: and yet for this we must lament and bewaile our selues before GOD, and knowe, that except God staied vs by his grace, wee haue opened the doore to Satan, whereat entring in, hee might incontinently winne vs vnto farther wickednesse. Wee must therefore bee sorie for this thing, albeit GOD imputeth it not vnto vs for sinne. But there is nowe a seconde degree, when not onelie wee conceiue some wicked thing in our minde, moued herevnto by some present obiect: but when wee shall be thereby something moued, that wee shall feele some pricke of Satan which stirreth vs, then is sinne conceiued, that is to say, although there bee no consent giuen: and albeit the will bee not resolute herein, yet is sinne formed before GOD, and it is d [...]mnable in his sight. for to haue this better vnderstoode, wee must alledge examples hereof. It may so happen, that a man beholding either the house or the lande of an other, conceiueth some flying fantasie, and yet his heart is nothing moued herewith, hee hath no such desire bredde in him, as to saye, I woulde this were mine: but hee passeth from this thought, and seeth it is but a vanitie: he coulde not withstand it from arising in him.

But albeit there be not here in anie wicked affection and desire, yet notwithstanding, GOD doth hereby warne vs of our insirmitie and weakenesse. And wee must herevpon humble and bewaile ourselues, and acknowledge that this is alreadie a sinne, for which wee were to bee condemned. For let vs consider whether this shall bee founde in the Angels of heauen. It is most certaine it shall not bee seene in them. And yet the iustice and righteousnesse of Angels, shall hardly suffice to satisfie and answere the lawe of GOD. True it is, that there is in God an other iustice, as we haue seene in the booke of Iob, which surpasseth and exceedeth this of the law: but if the Angels of heauen applie them selues to fulfill the lawe of GOD, without doubt it is all they are able to doe, to conforme them selues to the rule which hee here prescribeth vs. Wee see then, that this is a vice, for which men ought to condemne them selues: not when they shall haue hadde anie occasion offered, whereby some wicked affection might arise: but when they shall haue bredde in them such a desire, as to say, I coulde [Page] wish this or that. Although a man incontinentlie repelleth such a desire, and stayeth nothing at all vpon it, yet is he culpable of this couetousnesse which is here mentioned. Nowe, seeing this is so, let vs learne altogether to condemne our selues: and againe, let vs beware we fall not into a double condemnation, when we shall not only haue coueted something to prouoke vs vnto euill, but shall haue nourished this desire: as when a woman hath couceiued, shee nourisheth her childe vntill she bring him forth: for when we shall haue loosed the bridle to our wicked lustes and desires, so farre, as that our will be wonne, in so much that we rest our selues on wickednesse, to giue our full consent therevnto, behold howe we incurre a double condemnation: and then must we with more and greater teares bewaile our miserie: for we see we haue brought two condemnations vppon our heads, except God of his infinite mercie and goodnesse beare with vs. Loe, what wee haue here to note touching euill and wicked thoughtes. Nowe withall we must returne to consider of the remedie we haue herein: for we were in a desperate case, as being vtterlie confounded, if we had not this grace and mercie of God, whereby we are succoured and relieued. Therefore, when we shall haue vnderstood and confessed, that we are in all sortes that may be culpable, beholde, God calleth and sheweth vs, that of these so manie wicked desires which are in vs, although in their owne nature they are sinne: yet will he not impute anie of them vnto vs for sinne. Is then a wicked desire reputed sinne in the faithfull? No. But here two diuers things are to be considered. For if we respect the nature of the vice, it is alwayes sinne. But doeth God pardon it? Why then beholde, he calleth none of these euill concupiscences vnto account, forasmuch as by his free mercie and goodnesse hee pardoneth them vnto the faithfull. We knowe also, that by the bloud of Iesus Christ, all our spottes are washed and wiped out: and baptisme is hereof a sure testimonie and witnesse vnto vs. For by it haue we bene washed from all the filthes and pollutions which are in vs, that we might appeare pure and cleane in the sight of God: yea, which more is, those mortall and deadlie sinnes which are acuiallis committed, shall not bee imputed vnto vs, because (as I haue said) that God hath buried our sinne, and will not regard it: but we must notwithstanding haue respect vnto it, and beware diligentlie howe we offende. But if anie abuse and deceiue them selues, to be persuaded, they conceiue no wicked [Page] ked desires, this shall occasion GOD to call them to their account. And why? For, when men flatter them selues they must needes be condemned. And loe why the diuell hath so much ende-uoured to blind the eyes of men, in making them beleeue that none of all these thinges are sinne: yea, we see how the Papists thinke that the grossest faultes that may be, are soone wiped out with one signe of the crosse, or with one Asperges of holie water. They thinke these thinges are nothing, and they sport them selues with GOD, as with some litle childe. But let vs contrariwise remember, that when wee shall not onelie slugge in sinne, but shalbe greatlie inclined to flatter our selues in our vices: let vs (I say) remember to take vnto vs this glasse of the lawe, and to behold our selues in, that we abuse not, nor deceiue our selues. A man may haue his face foule and dirtie, euerie one shall mockee him, and yet hee shall see nothing thereon: but when het looketh in a glasse, and seeth all his face soyled, then hee withdraweth him selfe, and goeth and washeth it: so haue we need here to do. It is true, that the whole lawe of GOD is as a glasse, to shewe vs our filthinesse, that wee might bee confounded and ashamed of our wickednesse: but wee must haue to consider of our condition a most cleare and bright glasse. If wee reade this onelie, Thou shalt not steale, Thou shalt not bee a murderer, nor adulterer, euerie one will make him selfe beleeue, that hee is guiltie in nothing: but when wee come to this commaundement, Thou shalt not couet, loe GOD soundeth not onelie the depth of our heart, but all our thoughtes and imaginations: there is nothing which hee trieth not and examineth? and those thinges which we shall account for no faultes, shalbe condenmed before GOD, and he shall be Iudge of them, if wee on our part will not iudge them. Nowe, in the meane time we are to magnifie the mercie of our God, that when we are so manie wayes culpable, hee yet receiueth vs as iust and righteous. Let vs compare together the iustice wee obteine by the meanes of faith, and the malediction which is on vs, wherein wee are plunged. Are wee culpable before GOD of one offence, of three, of anie number? Nay rather, are wee not plunged into such bottomlesse gulfes, that when wee shall beginne to make our account, we shalbe ouerwhelmed and confounded with the multitude of our offences? An hundred millians of faultes are the hundreth part of them which wee haue committed in the sight [Page] of GOD, wee are guiltie in so manie, that there is neither end nor measure in our sinnes. Yet for all this, GOD receiueth vs so to mercie, that we are accounted iust before him, as if there were in vs all integritie and perfection, and that wee wanted nothing of fulfilling the whole lawe. Therefore, when God bestoweth on vs this gift of faith, whereby wee apprehend and take holde of the grace and mercie, which hath bene purchased vs, by the death and passion of our Lorde Iesus Christ, that wee will nowe doe him this honour, to say: Lorde, it is in thy meere goodnesse and free mercie, that our saluation consisteth: when GOD (I say) pardoneth vs such an infinite number of sinnes and offences, and clotheth vs with his owne iustice: see we not howe farre wee are bounde vnto him for this inestimable goodnesse? So then, when the lawe of God shall haue vtterlie confounded vs, seeing not onelie our concupiscences exceede all number, but that we are buried in them, as vnder great and huge mountaines, if GOD would seuerelie deale with vs for them, let vs knowe, that God will not leaue vs in despaire, but as soone as we are beaten to the ground, he helpeth vs vp againe: when he seeth our weakenesse, hee reacheth vs out his hande, and calleth vs vnto him, and willeth vs to bee of good comfort, when he for his mercies sake, will impute none of our sinnes vnto vs. Loe, in what sort the faithfull continue in glorifying of God, although they be in them selues condemned. And at this end wee must alwayes beginne, to bee veterlie confounded in our selues, that our Lorde may deliuer vs from the deepest dongeon of death: seeing that our onelie saluation lieth and consisteth in his meere mercie and grace. Nowe withall, let vs walke in all heedefulnesse, let vs diligentlie looke vnto our selues, knowing that when wee shall haue employed great paines to serue GOD, when wee shall haue shunned all occasions which might leade vs vnto euill, when wee shall haue subdued our lustes and affections, when wee shall haue further endeuoured to represse wicked thoughtes, wee are yet to condemne our selues, and to stand in greate feare of the anger and displeasure of GOD. For, although, (through the vertue and power of his grace) sinne reigneth not in vs, yet doeth it alwayes dwell in vs, and staineth vs still with some blot of filthinesse and vncleannesse. Let vs therefore bewayle our selues hereof, and lament in suche sorte, that wee bee hereby incited and pricked forwarde to doe our duetie. [Page] We see in what sort Saint Paule speaketh, after that he had profited so farre, and was come euen to an angelicall holinesse: O wretched man that I am,Rom. 7. 24. who shall deliuer me from this bodie of death? And why is it so, that he desireth death in him selfe? For no other reason, but because he sawe sinne abiding in his bodie. Now, moreouer wee must knowe, that wee ought not, although euerie day wee see a millian of faultes in vs, to bee discouraged. Loe, why Saint Paule exhorting the faithfull to flee from vices saieth not, Let not sin dwell in you: but he saith,Rom. 6. 12. Let not sinne reigne in you. I grant it were to be desired, that sinne dwelt not at all in vs: but although we be not altogether rid thereof, yet must wee not bee to much dismaide. But when he saith that sinne dwelleth in vs, let vs knowe that this [...]s first to warne vs of our miserable condition: and againe, to admonish vs, that wee must bee exercised continuallie in combat and fight with sinne, to the end wee should more feruenthe desire the aide and help of our God, praying him to fortifie and strengthen vs by his power, and by the grace of his holy spirite, whiche he hath giuen vs, in the name of our Lorde Iesus Christ.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our good God, with acknowledgment of our faultes, praying him to make vs feele them better than wee haue done, and that wee may learne to conforme our liues to his obedience, who respecteth not onely the outwarde woorkes, but regardeth what our willes, our affections, and all our thoughtes are. And because wee can not in one day come to such a perfection, pray we him that this may bee an occasion to humble vs, and to stirre vs vp more manfullie to fight with sinne, that euerie one awaken him selfe to correct the vices which are in his nature, vntill God ridding vs of this flesh and corruption, cloth vs with his iustice, and reforme vs altogether to the image of his glorie. That it will please him to graunt this grace, not onely to vs, but to all people and nations of the earth, &c.

The. 13. Sermon.

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Deut. Chap. 5.‘22 These are the wordes, which the Lorde spake vnto all your multitude in the mount, out of the middest of the fire, the cloude, and the darkenesse, with a great voice, & added nothing thereto: and wrote them vpon two tables of stone, and deliuered them vnto me.’

BEcause wee finde no better excuse for our loose behauiour, or for our rebellion against God, than to alledge ignorance, we could bee verie well content to haue alwayes this cloke and couerture, to say, that we vnderstand not those things which God speaketh vnto vs, or that he directeth not his talke, vnto vs, or that his voice is ouer farre for vs to heare it. But God perceiuing such a malicious wickednesse in vs, hath sought to preue at all that which men might alledge for their defence, to the end they might no longer haue any excuse for them selues. And therefore when he published his lawe, see why he would that the doctrine therein conteined, should bee pronounced with an high and cleare voice: and that it shoulde bee spoken in the eares, not of three or foure onely, but in the hearing of all the people, both of the smallest and greatest: briefly, of all without exception. Againe he would that the lawe should bee written, that it might continue, and serue for the vse, not only of one age: but that euen to the end of the world it might haue his force and vigor, his rule & authoritie. Loe, why in this place it is said, That God spake with an high and mightie voice. Whereby Moses giueth vs to vnderstand, that the lawe is no such secrete and hidden doctrine, that any one neede to alledge, that he is not so great a scholer as to vnderstande it. For God, not without great cause, hath so exalted his voice, when he would prescribe a rule for the ordering of the life of men. And he adioyneth this of purpose, that the Lord spake vnto all the multitude and assemblie, as if he should say: True it is that God hath chosen some among you to be your gouernours, [Page] and hath giuen them of his spirite, yet will he that his lawe bee knowen of the most rudest and ignorauntest, that it may bee a common wisedome vnto them all: that is one of the pointes we haue here to note. The second is, that God had added nothing after these ten sentences or sayings. Whereby Moses admonisheth the people, that such breuitie and shortnesse, as GOD vseth, ought to encourage them, to receiue what he shall speake. For he proposeth to them no great volumes, which might occasion vs to replie, that all our life would bee to little to studie them. God therefore hath not bene ouer long, when he deliuered his woorde, he hath instructed vs in ten woordes, and no more: count wee them on our fingers, and wee shall haue instruction touching all that which is required for the well ordering of our life. Withall, Moses hereby would haue vs vnderstand, that seeing GOD hath giuen vs so certeine a rule, and that himselfe would adde nothing whatsoeuer, to that which he had saide, that wee ought to holde our selues content therewith, and that it is not lawfull for the creatures, to adioyne any thing therevnto. And this is the second pointe wee must note. For the third point he addeth againe in this place, that whereof he had before spoken: namelie, that God when he published his lawe, spake out of the middest of the cloude, that the mount smoked, that there were flames of fire, that the lightenings flew abroade. And wherevnto tendeth all this? Euen to this end, that the doctrine of God might haue the greater maiestie, and that men might bee induced to humble them selues in all reuerence before GOD, to subiect them selues fullie and wholie vnto his word, and to yealde all dutifull obedience vnto it. Loe then three notable pointes recited here by Moses, before he proceedeth to the rest which folioweth. Nowe touching the first, let vs beare in minde, that whiche hath bene touched: namelie, that GOD hath spoken with an high and cleare voice, and that not to one handfull and small assemblie of men, but in generall vnto all the people, and that this is for no other end, but that wee might knowe, that the word of God shall sounde lowde and shrill enough in our eares, for vs to heare and vnderstand it, except wee will willfullie plaie the deafe men, and stop our eares at it. I graunt all our senses are so weake, that we shall neuer bee able to comprehend one worde of that which God speaketh vnto vs, except he inligh [...]en vs by his holy spirite.1. Cor. 2. 14. For the naturall man perceiueth [Page] not the thinges which are of God: they are to high and profound for vs. But where of commeth this default and blindnesse, but from our owne corruption and wickednesse? For it is most certeine and true, that the veritie & trueth of God in it selfe, and in his owne nature is easie enough, and plaine to bee vnderstood. Let vs not then alledge, that it is to darke and obscure. But how must wee behaue our selues to profite thereby? If wee will that God make vs to profite in his woord, let vs bee humble, and obedient, and little in our owne eyes. For it is not for naught that he promiseth to teach and instruct such as are humble. Let vs not then trust vnto our owne wit. Let vs not come to the hearing of his word with such an hautinesse and presumption in vs, as to thinke we are of sufficient capacitie to iudge of that which shalbe saide: but rather let vs desire of God, that he will open our eyes, that he will reach vs out his hande to leade vs: and let vs confesse, that wee are not of such dexteritie of wit, to profite vnder him in his schole, except he bestowe it on vs. When this humilitie shalbe in vs, doubt wee not but the woord of God shalbe easie vnto vs, and that wee shall knowe, and vnderstand, whatsoeuer is therein deliuered vnto vs. Hereby wee see what miserie and wretchednesse hath bene heretofore in the world, that the common people, and in a manner all, haue foreslowed, and euen withdrawen them selues from beeing taught by the holy scripture. For they thought this belonged only to the Monkes and Priestes. And in the end such a foolish and beastlie opinion was conceiued, that men thought all diuinitie ought to be cloistered in their dennes and cabins. Now for all this, this testimonie hath alwayes remained, and must endure to the end of the world, that God hath spoken with a lowde voice, that he hath not hid, or drawen him selfe backe into some little angle and corner of the earth. So this hath bene a most wicked vnthankfulnesse in men, that they haue left the word of God as clene cast off & forsaken of all. And so much the more heedfullie ought we to note this place, wherein it is said, that God directed not his speech only to some great Doctors, but hath communicated his voice to the whele people, euen to the most simple & least among them. And withall let vs, to whom God hath restored his world, praise & magnifie him for so inestimable a benefite, whereof the greatest part of the worlde haue depriued them selues by their owne malice and retchlesse negligence. Let vs, I say, praise and extoll his goodnesse, that his woorde at this daye [Page] soundeth in our eares, that wee may reade it, that all both priuatelie and publikelie may bee partakers thereof, that this heauenlie treasure is laid open vnto vs to vse and to enioy it. Beholde an inestimable benefite, & aboue all, he bestoweth on vs, for which wee ought to magnifie our God, as priceing this benefite aboue all the rest. Moreouer, let vs bee attentiue to heare our GOD speake. Let none alledge here any excuse to exempt him self from this dutie. For seeing that GOD speaketh to the whole companie of the faithfull, to all them which are baptised in the name of our Lorde Iesus Christ, let euerie one in his degree and calling applie his studie to profite in the woord of GOD: and let vs all in generall take God for our Maister, and let vs be readie to heare him alwayes, and as often as it shall please him to speake vnto vs, as he ceaseth not dailie to doe. And thus much bee noted touching the first point: wherein it is said, that GOD hath spoken to the whole multitude and assemblie. Nowe let vs come vnto the second point wee noted: namelie, that he added nothing. And this is said, that wee might with better courage heare that which is conteined in the lawe. It is true, that all that which Moses hath written, apperteineth to the lawe, all that likewise which the Prophetes haue left in writting: finallie, whatsoeuer hath bene adioyned in the Gospell, all this (I say) conteineth one substaunce of doctrine, and the Bible is bigge enough: but yet, because wee should not neede to wander farre, or make any greate inquirie after that, wherevnto wee ought to tend, GOD hath proposed vs one certeine scope and marke, at which in ordering our whole life wee might ayme, and shoote at. For all is referred to these ten sentences, as I haue said. Let vs then but count ouer our fingers, and wee shall haue the tenne commaundementes of GOD, all is concluded in a short summe, which we ought to beare in minde, to bee good scholers vnder GOD. Therefore, when God vseth such breuitie, are not men to to wicked and vntoward, if they refuse such a doctrine, if they will not for all this bee at so much leasure, as to profite in the woord of GOD? Howe therefore let vs lay aside all such vaine and friuolous replies, to say: O, the holy scripture is a deepe sea, it is a bottomlesse pit, if a man enter into it, which way shall hee bee able to get forth? Let vs alledge no such thinges. It is true,1. Pet. 1. 12. that God sheweth in the holie scripture, that which the Angels [Page] desire to behold. It is true, that wee can haue but some small tast thereof, while wee dwell in the world. It is sufficient, that wee knowe in part,1. Cor. 13. 12. as Saint Paule speaketh, and in darkenesse, beholding as it were in a glasse, that which wee can not see as yet face to face. All this is verie true: yet so is it notwithstanding, that God hath so conformed and abased him selfe vnto our rudenesse and s [...]endernesse, that these things are easie vnto vs, or at the least wee shalbe able to vnderstand so much, as is profitable for our saluation. If with all there be thinges doubtfull and obscure, let this sobrietie bee in vs, that wee aduaunce not our owne iudgements, but that wee first aske counsell at the mouth of GOD, knowing that wee are yet farre from our perfection. And yet, according to the measure, which he hath giuen vs, wee may alwayes glorie in this, that our Lorde Iesus Christ will not leaue vs in doubtfulnesse and ignoraunce, but that he will giue vs so sure and certeine a way, as wherein wee shalbe able to walke with great assuraunce: knowing that he hath not called vs in vaine vnto him selfe, when wee shall not haue any vncerteine, and wandering course to runne, but so certeine a marke proposed, as wherevnto if wee shall directe our race, wee shall not neede to feare any erring, as destitute of some good guiding and direction. Let vs therefore beare in minde, that our Lorde hath not spoken according vnto his owne nature. For if he would speake in his owne language, should he bee vnderstood of mortall creatures? Alas no. But how speaketh he vnto vs in the holy scripture? Verilie he lispeth and stutteth for our better vnderstanding. Saint Paule saith, that he became as a nource of little children, when he preached the Gospell. Nowe when he spake it of himselfe,1. Thess. 2. [...]. there is no doubt, but that he would shewe thereby the goodnesse of God, which so gouerned him by his holy spirite. And this which is in S. Paule, we shall finde likewise in Moses, & in all the Prophets. Let vs then diligentlie note, that God is made as it were a nource, whiche will not speake vnto her infant, as she would vnto a man, but will haue respect vnto the capacitie of it. So God abaseth him selfe, forasmuch as wee could not vnderstand what he said, except he submitted him selfe to our vnderstanding. Loe, for what cause he is like a nource in the holy scripture, that men might not perceiue his great and infinite maiestie, to the whiche wee can not come, nor approche any thing neere vnto it. Seeing GOD hath bene so gentle vnto [Page] vs, as to open himselfe vnto vs in most familiar manner, so much more grieuous a condemnation shall fall vpon our heades, if we bestowe not paine to profite in that doctrine which hee hath, as I may so say, shewed vnto vs, that there resteth nothing for vs to doe, but to swallowe it, and digest it.

Let vs therefore note, that when Moses saith, That God added nothing to these tenne sentences, it is to this end, that wee should shew our selues more easie to bee taught, and bee the more encouraged, knowing that God will not make vs to wander, and take endlesse labour, as in a thing which hath neither banke nor bottome: but he proposeth vnto vs onelie ten sentences. True it is, that hee hath expounded these tenne commaundementes by Moses. And againe, consequentlie by the Prophetes. Lastlie, we haue had the finall declaration of them by our Lorde Iesus Christ, as it is at this day deliuered vs in the Gospell. But what? Wee haue yet this marke, wherevnto we must alwayes order our selues. Wee haue but tenne wordes for our lesson, and seeing it is so, ought wee not to iudge our selues verie frowarde and peruerse, if wee despise so great grace of God, and if we come not vnto him, when hee handleth vs after so gentle a manner? This wee haue then briefly to beare in mind of this easinesse and plainenesse which Moses sheweth vs to bee in the worde of GOD. And withall let vs also note, that he would hereby warne vs, that we learne to content our selues with the simplicitie of the lawe, that wee aduise our selues how wee come to controll GOD, to cloute our patches and pieces to his worde. For when he spake, hee spake once for all, and will that men hold themselues to that he hath said. As we shall see hereafter, how he hath streightlie forbidden vs to bende either to the right hande, or to the left, or to adde any thing to his doctrine. And in verie deed, seeing GOD hath adioyned nothing thereto, who are wee, to enterprise and take in hande any thing aboue him? Thinke wee, that when GOD deliuered his lawe, hee had lost his memorie, and knew not what was profitable for vs? Can a man bethinke himselfe of that which hath bene vnknowen vnto GOD? And againe, beside all this, when our Lorde hath so applied himselfe vnto vs, thinke wee hee would instruct vs by halfes, and leaue vs in the middest of the way? Let vs therefore beare in minde, that seeing GOD hauing pronounced [Page] these tenne sentences, added nothing vnto them: wee must so wholie applie and rest our selues simplie on that d [...]ctrine which is conteined in his lawe, that wee ventur not to enterlace any thing of our owne whatsoeuer? but let vs knowe, that this is our perfect wisedome, to bee obedient vnto our GOD. It this had bene in all times well obserued, we should not haue bene at this daie so incumbered, to amend the corruptions whiche reigne throughout the worlde. For, from whence commeth it, that men haue corrupted all religion, and the seruice of GOD, as wee see it is come to passe in Poperie? The Papistes will vaunt and boaste themselues of seruing GOD, when they shall haue their solemnities, their ceremonies, and other like trash. And whence is this? Euen from this, that they haue presumed to adde some thing to the worde of GOD, when they thought it not sufficient, that GOD should be serued after his owne manner and fashion: but men must reare vp some new deuises in their braines, and fansie whatsoeuer they should thinke good. So then, all this which they call the seruice of God in Poperie, is nothing els but a fardell of trumperies, which men haue made vp together, and not onelie this, but that which hath bene spoken by the Prophet,Esaie, 29. 18. hath bene accomplished in them: namelie, That they haue despised and set at naught the commaundements of GOD, while they haue bene geuen to their own inuentions. And men see the wickednesse and mischiefe which is happened by this diuelish boldnesse and presumption, when men haue gone about to disguise the worde of GOD by their lies, and dreames, and dotages. So much the more diligentlie therefore ought wee to note this place, when it is said, That GOD hauing once spoken, added nothing to that which he had said. And in verie deede, as I haue alredie said, this is an horrible blasphemie, when men will attempt to finde out, I knowe not what, some thing better than that which is conteined in the lawe of GOD. This were to reproue him of a lie, or to thinke that hee was not well aduised, or happillie that hee forgat to geue in commaundement that which he ought. And shall men finde out some thing better than hee? Nay verilie. Then let vs learne to order our selues in such forte vnto God, that we haue this alwayes imprinted in memorie, that God hauing spoken, he made a full end and conclusion, to say, These are my limits & borders, whosoeuer wil [Page] presume to goe beyond, shall but ventur further to breake his necke. And in deede it can not otherwise be, but a ruine and destruction shall followe vpon vs, when wee will not keepe vs in that high way, which God hath made, and hedged in for vs. Now, albeit GOD speake not at this time in so visible manner, as he did then to the people of Israel: yet ought wee often to call to minde this lesson, which is conteined in the lawe. True it is, that God hath not spoken twice, but he hath spoken once for all, as wee say: but wee on our part must againe and againe call it to minde, as it is also said in the Psalme, The Lord hath spoken once, I haue heard him twice. For hereby wee are admonished,Psal. 62. 10. that it shall not suffice to haue vnderstood for one day that which our Lord will haue pronounced and published in his name: but wee must often and sundrie times meditate therevpon. Let euerie one therefore exercise himselfe herein all the time of his life, and let vs not cease euening & morning, to call this to minde, and to consider well that which our Lord sheweth vs. For when wee haue employed all the time of our life herein, we shall hardly come so farre as the midde way. True it is (as wee haue alreadie said) that euen at the first entrie God teacheth vs so much as is expedient to be knowen for our saluation. But yet for all this, we shall alwayes finde wherein to make our further profite in the worde of GOD. Let vs therefore be diligent, and let vs not thinke it is labour lost, which we bestowe herein: no, not when we applie our studie day by day herein, and shall not geue ouer to searche and inquire after that which God teacheth vs. Behold in what sort wee must applie this to our vse, and practise it: wherein it is said that our Lorde hath added nothing.

Now let vs come to the third point, which is, that God spake out of the middest of the fire of the cloud, and of the whirlewind. It is true that this hath bene before expounded alreadie: but seeing it is repeated againe vnto vs by Moses, let vs note that it is not any thing superfluous. And in verie deede, wee cannot be to often put in minde hereof, that the worde of God ought to beare a great maiestie with vs, to humble vs vnder it, that wee may yeelde all subiection and obedience therevnto. And why? First we see what pride and arrogancie is in men, that they can hardlie stoope and bend their neckes to bee pliable in such sorte as they ought. I graunt, a man shall not heare them say plainelie & in expresse words, [Page] they will resist God, and make open warre with him. But what euer they protest herein, are they so tractable to be taught, so humble and modest as were requisite they should be? Nay, they are farre wide from this. Againe, there is in vs such a dulnesse and vnsensiblenesse, that being so nous [...]ed, as we are, in these earthlie things, and so charmed in them, wee can not raise vp our vnderstanding to hearken vnto GOD, we can not come neere this spirituall wisedome, for asmuch as our mindes are sore possessed with the cares of this worlde, wee neede not anie thing to make vs rest our mindes here belowe on the earth. It is therfore verie needfull and necessarie, that our Lorde touche vs to the quicke, to the ende we may beare such a reuerence vnto his woorde, as that it die not altogether in vs: partlie by our rebellion, partlie by our stupiditie and dulnesse, that is to say: because wee are so lumpish, so earthlie, so grosse and worldlie minded: and partlie, for that we are alreadie fraughted with so manie vanities, that wee neuer minde such things as are on high, but lying still groueling on the grounde, wee are helde occupied in these transitorie and corruptible things. Therefore, GOD (not without cause) spake out of the middest of the fire, and of the cloud, and whirle winde, when he would publishe his fame. For it behoued, that the people should be touched with some great feare, to say: There is no talke of sporting our selues with God, when he appeareth vnto vs so terrible, and in such maiestie: what resteth then, but that wee tremble vnder him, and shewe, vnto him such subiection, that he gouerne vs as his sheepe, that we all bende our necke, that we sloope with our head, suffering him to order vs to his will, that euerie one giue himselfe wholie thereto, and that we be all confounded, when hee speaketh, and haue no other affection and desire in vs, but to serue and honour him, and to subiect our selues altogether to his guiding and direction. Loe, why God hath so magnified his lawe, when it was first published. Hee might well haue spoken without casting out flames of fire, without making the mountaine to smoke, without hauing so darke and obscure a cloude: but hee would vse these miracles, that the people shoulde tremble, being stroken with an exceeding great feare. And therefore let vs note, that hee would hereby leade vs vnto that,Esaie. 66. 5. which the Prophete Esaie speaketh, That his spirite shall not rest, but vppon them which tremble at his woorde. For this is the thing wherein hee will proue [Page] our obedience towardes him: namelie, that when he speaketh, wee receiue without anie contradiction or gainsaying, what soeuer hee shall say, that we account it good for vs, and agree therevnto, and say, Amen: not onelie with the mouth, but also with the heart, that in our whole life we serue & obeie him. For this is the seruice which GOD requireth, and wherewith hee will be honoured: namelie, that we declare what obedience we beare vnto his woorde. But because we are herein so hard and so heauie, that rather wee drawe cleane backwarde, than bende the necke to carrie his yoke, it is needfull that we be ayded and set forwarde by such meanes as are here mentioned. And therefore, let vs note, that this flame of [...]ire appeared not then to serue and instruct them onelie, which sawe it: but that at this day the lawe of God must by this testimonie & witnesse be authorized, and made authentike: and that the remembrance hereof should remaine so fresh in our memorie, that when we shal call to minde this which happened for one time, we be humbled vnder the maiestie of our God, and that when we would proudly and presumptuouslie lift vp our selues against him, this fire which then burned to feare the people, the thicke & darke cloude likewise come before our eyes, that we remember also, howe the mount was seene to smoke, & that all this may be to holde vs in such a fright and feare, that all loftinesse and hautinesse of ours be beaten downe, that we may bethink vs to come and present our selues to our God, to bee led by him whither he will, and that we may followe, most willinglie, whither soeuer we shalbe called of him. Ye see then wherevnto we must referre this which is here touched, of the smoke, of the flame of fire, and of the thicke cloud. And withall, let vs note, that when God appeared in a whirlewind, and in an obscure and darke cloud, this was to represse and keepe downe the curiositie of men. It is true (as we haue alreadie touched) that GOD speaketh to be vnderstoode, that he vseth no doubtfull and ambiguous wordes, that he fetcheth no long circumstances (as we say) but manifesteth and openeth his will so clerelie and plainlie, that the fault shalbe no where but in vs, if we bee not perfectlie instructed therein, if wee will but lende our eares to heare him. But in the meane time, wee must not bring with vs such a foolishe curiositie, as to inquire, beyonde measure, of what wee list: as wee see men inclined to such a foolishe ambition, that their eares are alwayes itching, and they will say: I would [Page] knowe this and that. Nowe, beholde howe our Lorde God opposeth him selfe contrarilie, and saieth: Will you knowe this and that? Loe, a thicke cloude which hindereth you: consider of this obscuritie and darkenesse which you see. So let vs learne, that if wee will bee good scholers vnder God, we must not loose the bridle to our owne fantasies, to be inquisitiue after that which ought to be hidden from vs: but let vs content our selues with that, which shalbe spoken vnto vs in the name of God, and let vs waite for that day, wherein we shall haue a full manifestation of the rest which is nowe incomprehensible: brieflie, let vs be ignorant of that which God will not declare vs. For this ignorance surmounteth all the knowledge and wisedome of the world: namelie, when we desire to knowe no more, than our Lord permitted and graunted vnto vs. Now let vs come vnto that which Moses addeth: he saith, That the lawe was written in two tables of stone, & that it was deliuered to him. When mention is made of two tables, we must call to minde that which hath bene said & handled heretofore: that is, that God could well haue written the whole law in one stone, but he would write it in two, that this distinction being made, we might so much the better comprehend that which is conteined in the lawe. For we see, our Lorde hath so chewed those things for vs, which are there conteined, that we might not alledge that he speaketh in to high a language for vs to vnderstand. For as much as there are two principall points in our life, our Lord hath diuided his law into two tables: namelie, that we might know, how we ought to gouerne our selues towards him: and then, how we are to liue & to be conuersant wt our neighbours. Will a man order his life in all perfection? It behoueth first that he giue him selfe to the seruice of God, that he knowe what God requireth and approueth: and after this, we must liue in such vprightnesse and equitie with our neighbours, that we sheire hereby, that we are the true children of God. First therefore we must know how God wilbe honoured and worshipped of vs. Secondlie, we must render to our neighbours, that which apperteineth to them: obseruing this indifferencie of nature, not to do to another, which we would not haue done to vs. So God hath declared in two tables, in what sorte hee will bee serued of vs: as wee haue aboue declared, that hee proposeth him selfe onelie to be worshipped, that men should forge no newe Gods. Againe, hee hath declared, that he wil not be represented by images normoppets [Page] [...] [Page] [...] [Page] that he is a spirit, and will be spirituallie worshipped of vs, and not as men shall fansie, to reare vp this or that kinde of worship: but hee will be serued in spirit. Againe, he will haue his name sanctified, hee will that men exercise them selues in his woorde: and aboue all, that euerie one withdrawe him selfe from his owne thoughtes and affections, that wee rest vs to bee ruled and gouerned onelie by GOD. And this is conteined in the first table of the lawe. Touching the second, we haue seene howe hee commaundeth vs to obey father and mother, howe hee forbiddeth vs murders, adulteries, theftes, euill speakings, all wicked lustes and concupiscences. Yee see then, why GOD hath diuided his lawe into two tables. Will we therefore order our life well, and as wee ought? Let vs first learne to honour GOD, and after that, to liue with our neighbours in all integritie and vprightnesse. For there are some, which will absteine from iniuring of others: but in the meane while, they haue litle regard of GOD: and they thinke they are quited & absolued, if so be none indite them, nor complaine of them in this worlde. But (I pray you) what shall this be, not to be theeues, if wee commit sacrilege? Is it not a greater and more enormious crime, to rob GOD of his honour, than to spoile a man of his goods, to cutte his purse, or to picke his chest? So let vs not thinke wee haue fullie discharged our duetie, when men shall sue no processe, nor make anie complaint against vs: for God must also haue that hee requireth, and is due vnto him: for wee are bounde to doe him homage all our life time. We must therefore bestowe so much the more studie to obserue the first table of the lawe, that wee leade not a Philosophicall life, as did some of the Painims, to liue honestlie and vprightlie with men: but let vs haue in greatest price and estimation, the honour of GOD, and let vs beginne first of all at this point. Nowe againe, there are some which would seeme verie deuoute towardes GOD, as hauing some great zeale to serue and honour him: but when they bee conuersant with men, they fall to pilling and spoiling, and beating of them, they are full of crueltie, of enuie, & malice. But let vs note, that GOD hath not separated the two tables of the lawe: hee hath made a distinction of them: but hee hath not giuen to some the first table of the lawe, and to others the seconde table. He hath said: Behold my lawe, and that which I haue ioyned together, must not bee seuered, but must remaine vnseparable.

[Page] It is true, that you ought to bee warned to followe that charitie which you owe to your neighbours: but yet, when you haue discharged your dutie in one point, you must conforme your selues vnto the other: and you must not retchlesly neglect to walke in all equitie and vprightnesse, when you shall haue shewed some great deuotion of honouring and seruing of me. There are also manie, which will serue God: but how? As there owne blinde deuotion shall teach them: as doe the Papists. But God meant to bridle vs herein, when he gaue vnto vs the first table of his lawe, that we might learne to serue him as he commandeth, and that we accept of nothing as good, which he approueth and liketh not. See then wherevnto this apperteineth, which is said, That God wrote his law in two tables of stone, to the end it might remaine and continue. For it hath not bene giuen to remaine for a certeine time, it is not transitorie. I graunt that the ceremonies haue an end, as this is a reason, why the law is called temporall, for as much as this order which had bene established among the auncient people, to endure vntill the comming of our Lorde Iesus Christ, was then taken away and abolished, and the things were perfect: so that we are no longer vnder these figures and shadowes of the law, which serued for that time. But the truth and substance of the law was not to remain for one age, but it is a thing which endureth, and shall neuer ceasse or haue end. Let vs therefore learne, that God in such sort published his will, when the people came out of the lande of Egypt, that he so spake in the mount of Sinai, that withall he deliuered vnto vs there an order which we should obserue, and so prouidedst, that his doctrine should alwayes haue his full force and vigor. And for this cause he hath written his lawe in two tables of stone. He hath not written it in barke, as at that time the maner was, or as we might now say in paper, or in parchment: but he would that it should be engrauen in stone: that there might be a memoriall thereof to endure, to the end we should be confirmed in this which he hath spoken. For he was not contented to haue spoken for one time, but hauing engrauen his lawe in stone, he would we should haue attentiue eares to receiue it all the time of our life. Now withall let vs note, that it is true that it serued to no great purpose, that the law of God should be ingrauen in stones. If this were all, what is then further required? We must know that the doctrine of God proposed vnto vs, is indeed necessarie and profitable for vs, but yet that it should serue vs to small [Page] purpose, except God should adde therevnto a second grace: namely, that this which hee hath pronounced, should be imprinted in our hearts and inwarde partes. Therefore, as God with his finger, that is by his diuine power, hath written his law in two stones, so must he now by his holie spirite write it in our heartes, which are of stone, & full of hardnesse:Eze. 11. 19. as the Prophet declareth, when hee saith, That God shall giue vs heartes of flesh, which shall bee loft, pliable, and apt to be taught, and to receiue whatsoeuer he shall commaund vs. So then, seeing God hath visiblie declared, that it is he which must write the lawe, to haue it well knowne and vnderstoode, let vs make our request, that it will please him, by the vertue and power of his holie spirite, to write it at this day in vs, that wee may holde it within vs, and that howe soeuer the diuell labour herein, hee may neuer wipe it out of our remembraunce. Nowe withall Moses concludeth, that the lawe was deliuered vnto him, to conserue, and to keepe it, and to bee also the minister and dispenser of it to the people, that he might bee acknowledged of them for a Prophet, for otherwise he could not haue executed his office, he could not haue edified the Church of GOD, except men had knowne that this charge was committed vnto him. As at this time, if wee were not persuaded that GOD would that his Gospell should be preached by the mouth of men, that there should be pastours in the Church to carrie abrode his word, which of vs would daine or vouchsafe to heare a minister? I am not, nor ante creature beside, of such dignitie, as that I might persuade the worlde to receiue what I say. But when I speake here in the name of God, that men hearken to his doctrine, to rule and order them selues thereto, and to doe him homage: beholde, this is of more force than all the lawes, than all the statutes, than all the edictes of Kings and Emperours. Hath a mortall man done this? No. But when we knowe that God would that this policie and rule of order should be in his Church, and that men should inuiolablie obserue it, that is: that there be Pastours which may beare his word abrode, which may be expounders of it, which may be as his messengers to announce and declare the remission of sinnes in the name of our Lord Iesus Christ, which may reprehend, which may reproue, which may comfort and exhort, when (I say) we vnderstand that God would such a regiment should be in his Church, then are we ashamed to resist and withstand him, which hath [Page] formed and created vs. Loe why Moses in this place saith, that God deliuered him the lawe. It is true, that God deliuered it to all the people in generall, as we haue said. Why then is Moses now the onelie possessor of it? It seemeth that God would depriue the whole world of it, and that Moses onely were priuileged therein, as if the lawe were written for him, and all other (as it were) excluded and shut out from it. But this is nothing so. And yet, albeit the lawe was giuen for the whole people, Moses is appointed the garder and protectour of it. And this which God hath pronounced of him, we must extend further, as we see the Prophetes were appointed in the selfe same charge: namely, that they were as stewardes and dispensers of the treasure of saluation, of this couenaunt of God, and that this office was giuen vnto them, alwayes to declare the will of GOD, and to preach it vnto vs in his name. And this is the generall rule which Saint Paule hath deliuered,1. Cor. 4. 1. That men ought to esteeme vs as the ministers of God, and dispensers of the secretes which hee hath sent the world. Now, when Saint Paule saith, That we are disposers of the secretes of GOD, he sheweth hereby, that it is not ynough that we haue the holie Scripture, that euerie one reade it in his house: but it is further required, that it be preached vnto vs, that we reteine among vs this order, to be taught by the mouth of men, that there be pastours and teachers, whose ministerie God vseth, to the end that when we shall heare them, we may profite more and more in the doctrine of saluation. And this is the cause why Saint Paule in an other place saith,1. Tim. 3, 1 [...]. That the Church is the piller of truth, and as it were the safegard and towre thereof. The Papists alledge this verie foolishly, to yeeld vnto themselues a licentious libertie of making new articles of faith, and of establishing lawes after their owne fansie: for Saint Paule hath vnderstood the cleane contrarie. He saith therfore, That the Church is the piller and sure prop of the truth of God: because that when GOD published his trueth vnto men by the lawe, by the Prophetes, and the Apostles, hee would, that this ministerie shoulde indure and bee perpetuall: that is, that there shoulde bee some deputed and appointed to this office and charge, to expounde his worde, to edifie the Churche in this sort. Let vs therefore knowe, that it is by meanes of the Churche, that the trueth remaineth in his perfect and entire estate. For when GOD raiseth vp men, which are indued with his spirite, to confirme [Page] vs in the faith, to enlighten vs, and to shewe vs the right way. Loe how the truth of God remaineth vnto the worlde, how it is not extinguished, howe it perisheth not. Let vs then note, that Moses meant not here to make himselfe the onelie possessour of the lawe, to exclude the people from it, and to shut them out of doores: but hee speaketh as thus vnto them: Welbeloued, it is verie true, that the lawe is common vnto vs all, wee are all the children of God, I challenge nothing vnto my selfe aboue you: yet for all this, if I will discharge my dutie in the office wherein God hath appointed mee, I must be a faithfull expositor of the lawe to you, I must be the keeper of it, that you tread it not vnder foote, I must put you in mind of it euerie day, that you neuer forget it. Seeing then it is so, let all them which are here appointed ministers of the worde of God, take heede they be prest and readie to serue and minister vnto the ignorant: and let all consider, that it is not ynough to read the holie Scripture, but we must be diligent to profite therein, and to come with all humilitie to heare them, which are ordeined ministers of the worde, to deliuer vnto vs the meaning and vnderstanding thereof. Thus ye see whereto this text is to be referred.

Nowe let vs cast our selues downe before the maiestie of our good God, with acknowledgement of our faultes, praying him to make vs feele them better than we haue done, and to lead vs to such a repentance, that we desire onely to serue and please him, without seeking after anie thing of our owne. And because we are so giuen to the things of this world, pray we him the sooner to drawe vs hence, and in the meane while, to giue vs his grace to order our life to his will, and to conforme it to his iustice. And for the doing hereof, pray we him, that his word may beare such rule ouer vs, that we be gouerned by it, and conforme our whole life thereto, vntill that being despoiled of all our carnall affections, wee be clothed with his heauenlie glorie, when we shall haue neede, neither of scripture, nor of preaching. That it will please him to graunt this grace, not onelie to vs, but vnto all people and nations of the earth, &c.

The. 14. Sermon.

[Page]

Deut. Chap. 5.

23 And when ye heard the voyce out of the middest of the darknesse, because the mountaine did burne, ye came to me all the chiefe of your tribes and your elders.

24 And ye said, Behold the Lorde our God hath shewed vs his glorie and his greatnesse, and wee haue heard his voyce out of the middest of the fire, we haue seene this day that God hath talked with man, and he remaineth liuing.

25 And now why should we die? &c.

WE thinke if God in stead of preaching his worde by the meane and ministerie of men, should in his owne maiestie speake, or that some Angel sent from him should appeare vnto vs, that wee should bee more liuelie touched than we are, and that the whole world incontinently would be conuerted, that euerie one would yeld obedience without any either contradiction or rebellion. But alas, we knowe not what is conuenient and profitable for vs. For if wee considered of our owne frailtie and weakenesse, wee would soone vnderstand that it is not possible for God, to touche vs with his maiestie and power, but hee must needes altogether ouerwhelme and confounde vs. Therefore, when men desire that GOD would manifestlie shew himselfe with some visible signe, or that hee would descend from the heauens to teache them, they knowe not what ones themselues are, neither consider they howe weake and fraile their condition is. For if they would well consider and bethinke themselues hereof, the infinite glorie of GOD would strike them with a wonderfull feare and trembling, knowing full well, that they are not able to beare it. Therefore let vs knowe that GOD procureth our profite and saluation, when hee declareth vnto vs his will by the mouth of men, when hee ordeineth and appointeth ministers [Page] of his worde, to bee messengers vnto vs of such thinges as he knoweth to be meete and conuenient for vs. And yet so is it, that for once he would by euident proofe holde men conuicted, that it were not good and profitable for them to heare his voice thunder from heauen. And that is the cause why he would publish his lawe, not simplie by Moses, but descending in his owne person, as we haue alreadie handled. And yesterday wee said, that the lighteninges, the whirlewinde, and the flaming fire, and all that we reade of in the 19. and 20. of Exodus, that all this (I say) was done, to the end the people of Israel should learne to beare greater reuerence vnto the worde of God.

Now this instruction apperteineth also vnto vs. For God would that the memorie of these thinges should last for euer, and that the vse of them should bee perpetuall. So then, beholde GOD hath once displaied and laid open his glorious maiestie, to the ende wee might learne to receiue his worde in all feare and humilitie. But withall he would also that the people of themselues should bee constrained to say, It is not good that God speake vnto vs againe, onelie let vs haue a man to bring vs such doctrine as it shall please him to sende vs. And this rule is for to condemne vs, if we followe not the example of this people, which hastilie put forth themselues to speake in this sorte. Now if any one alledge, that this which was then spoken cannot binde vs, he is easilie thus answered: That if at this day God would doe the like he did then, that is, would pronounce with his owne mouth that which we now heare by the mouth of mortall men, it should bee impossible for vs to abide his glorie: and not to be altogether ouerwhelmed therewith, and vtterlie confounded. And so let vs learne, that this is here recited vnto vs, to the ende that, in the person of the people of Israel, wee knowe that God applieth himselfe to our slendernesse and infirmitie, when it pleaseth him to sende vs his worde to bee preached by men like vnto our selues, which might bee his messengers, respecting herein what is behoouefull and profitable for vs. And knowe we, that this is an inordinate and foolish desire, to wishe that God would appeare vnto vs from heauen, or shew vs some apparant and visible miracle. For we cannot comprehend his maiestie and glorie. And although it bee the proper nature of the lawe to fraie vs, yet apperteineth this as well vnto the Gospell. For wee must take this as a generall rule, [Page] that as soone as we feele the presence of God, wee must needes bee confounded. We see how the Angels hide their eyes, because the glorie of God is greater than they can beare, and they are constrained to confesse, that they are ouerweake to beholde it as beeing creatures. What shall then be said of vs? For wee are farre inferiour vnto the Angels. And there is beside in vs an other thing, which maketh our infirmitie the greater: namelie, that wee reteine not that integritie and innocencie of our first nature, wee are not such as God created vs, that is to say, earthlie men onelie as was our father Adam: but we are altogether corrupted, and there is nothing in vs but sinne and wickednesse. And therefore it must needes bee, that God be made our enimie, and that we flie from his throne, as malefactours will keepe themselues as farre as they can from the iudgement seate of their Iudge: brieflie, wee are poore miserable wormes and stinking carions. So then, as soone as GOD shall approch and come neere vnto vs, we must needes be frighted with so great a feare, as to be beaten therewith downe to the ground. Therfore it is profitable for vs, that God declare himselfe vnto vs in such sort as hath bene alreadie touched: namelie, by the meane and ministerie of men: that he ordeine and appoint men to expounde vs his will, as if he himselfe spake, and that his worde be receiued of vs in such reuerence, as if we heard him to thunder from the heauens. But it shall be profitable for vs more fullie to vnderstand that which in a worde we haue here touched, and els where more largelie handled: namelie, that the lawe in comparison of the Gospell frighteth and fraieth vs with a wonderfull feare. And why is this? Because that in the lawe, God requireth of men that which is his due.

Now consider we, whether wee are able to discharge our selues herein. Nay contrariwise, whether we bee not as poore and miserable debters, which haue not one farthing to pay. Ye see then in what a desperate case we are. For howeuer the case standeth with vs, God dischargeth vs not, but declareth that we are worthie to beaccursed and condemned of him. And for this cause hauing shewed how the life of men ought to be ordered, he addeth this curse and malediction as thundring on vs,Deut. 27. 26 Cursed are they which obserue & accomplish not all those thinges which are here conteined. As if hee said, All men must passe here vnder condemnation, from the greatest to the least, [Page] all must knowe they are indebted vnto me, and that by right I may cast them downe to the bottomlesse pitte of hell. If I pronounce this sentence, there is not one may bee able to replie against mee, for all are vtterly lost and condemned. Beholde the language and speache of the lawe, beholde the style which God vseth, and now must not all needes tremble hereat? It is not then without great cause said, That the law fraieth vs: and if withall it should please God seuerelie to require of vs that which wee owe him, we must all needes perish and be confounded. Now in the Gospell there is no such thing: for there GOD beareth with vs, and not onelie pardoneth vs our faultes, but he writeth also his will in our heartes. Moreouer, albeit wee serue him but by halfes, yet hee pardoneth vs our default, and (as I may saie) winketh and closeth his eyes when wee are halting in our duetie. And as a father dealeth not ouer streightlie and preciselie with his childe to oppresse him, so God in his Gospell vleth a fatherlie gentlenesse towards vs, that we should not feare to come vnto him.

And this is the cause why the Apostle in the epistle to the Hebrewes saith,Heb. 12. 18. That we are not come to this mount which smoketh, that wee are not come to Sinai, to see the bruning fire which might astonnish vs, to see the lightenings, and all those other thinges which were to amaze and confound the people: but that we heare a sweete and pleasaunt melodie, by the which we are accompanied of the angels of heauen, with the soules of the holy Patriarches, and of the fathers, which liued in the hope of eternall life, (although they had yet nothing but obscure shadowes) that God now coupleth & ioyneth vs with them which in olde time haue waited for the comming of our Lord Iesus Christ. Seeing it is so, we must not drawe backe, but euerie one must set himselfe forwarde, to come with a bolde courage to heare our GOD, forasmuch as hee speaketh so gentlie and louinglie vnto vs, and vseth so fatherlie a speache, as which serueth not to feare and amaze his children, but sweetelie to entise them, and to winne their heartes vnto him. This difference therefore is worthie to bee noted, that in comparison of the lawe, the Gospell may seeme sweete and amiable vnto vs. But for all this, wee must returne to this generall principle: namelie, that it is much better that the worde of GOD bee preached vnto vs [Page] by the mouth of men, than if GOD him selfe should thunder from heauen. And why? For heare wee onely this naturall thunder, and behold wee are taken with a great astonishment, and yet here is nothing expressed. God only maketh a noise with a confused and vnperfect sounde. What should bee then, when he should speake vnto vs, and when he should shewe vs his glorie? Wee can not looke on the Sunne, which his a corruptible creature: and how then shall wee bee able to behold the maiestie of GOD, if it were fullie shewed vs, and in his perfection? And therefore it is said, that a mortall creature can not see GOD and liue, can not behold his glorie, and not bee vtterlie confounded. I graunt that GOD appeared vnto Moses, and that not in such sort only, as to other of the Prophetes, as it is said in the booke of Numbers, That he gaue him this speciall priuiledge,Numb. 12. 7. 8. to be seene of him face to face, euen plainelie as of his friend, that he appeared not vnto him, either by dreame, or by vision onelie, but after such an especiall manner, that Moses seemed to bee exempted from the companie of men, to bee made more familiar vnto GOD. But what euer bee said hereof, yet God manifested him selfe vnto him in portion and measure. For if he had shewed him his infinite being, Moses must haue needes (what grace soeuer he had receiued of the holie spirite) bene ouerwhelmed therewith, and vtterlie confounded. Yea, when at one time beeing yet among the liuing, GOD shewed him his glorie in more ample and plaine manner than euer hee had done: yet sawe he him not, but as it were by the backe and hinder partes. In this similitude it is declared vnto vs,Exod. 33. 2 [...]. that as in beholding a man in the backe, wee haue not the plainest sight of him (for the plainest sight of a man, and the principall view is in the face:) so, albeit Moses had an especiall familiaritie with GOD, yet this notwithstanding, in this souereigne and principall vision which was giuen him in the mount then when he was separated from the condition of this mortall and transitorie life, when he was as an angel of heauen, yet he sawe GOD but in part: as when wee see a man by the backe. So let vs learne to content our selues when GOD vseth this order towardes vs: namelie, that his woord bee preached vnto vs by men: and let vs so receiue it at their mouth, as if wee sawe his maiestie face to face. For it is profitable for vs to haue pastours, [Page] which be appointed for ministers of the word, forasmuch as we could but perish and be brought to nothing by the appearaunce of the glorie of God, if it should bee manifested vnto vs. And to the end that none might take any occasion to complaine, as if the woorde of GOD were not sufficientlie approued, and that men might not doubt whether they ought to hold them selues vnto it or no, in publishing his lawe he shewed himselfe. And we haue here the testimonie of the people, which say: It is the Lorde, he hath made vs this day to feele his glorie and greatnesse, wee haue seene that it is he which speaketh, he hath interposed none to be his spokesman vnto vs: but wee haue hearde his voice with our eares. This then hath bene done for once. Withall let vs take this which is here recited for a testimonie and witnesse, that Moses spake not of him selfe, that he hath not forged and deuised of his owne braine, the doctrine wee hold of him: but that he hath bene a faithfull steward of GOD, who aduowed and approued him, and not onely ratified and confirmed by miracles this whiche Moses taught, but in his owne person declared, that it was he who was the authour of all this doctrine. Nowe, forasmuch as by great reason the Gospell should bee as authentike, and aswell authorized as the lawe, wee haue had also a witnesse from heauen, that this is no humane doctrine, but that it proceedeth from GOD. And this is that which S. Peter toucheth in his second canonicall Epistle, [...]. Pet. 1. 18. saying: That he and his companions heard the voice from heauen, by the which the father declared his sonne to be the souereigne maister, and doctour of his whole Church: Behold my welbeloued sonne, heare him. Therefore, when this voice thundered from heauen, GOD declared that wee ought not to take the Gospell for a doctrine bredde and borne here beeneath: but that wee should alwayes haue this maiestie before our eyes.

As at this time, if wee will bee true disciples of GOD, when wee come vnto the sermon, wee must call to minde this whiche Moses reciteth, That the Lawe was published in such sort, that it was God himselfe which spake and pronounced it. And againe, we must adioyne in the seconde place, the witnesse wee haue alledged, that this sentence of God resound and ring again in our eares, when he hath pronounced: That our Lord Iesus Christ is he, whom he will [Page] haue men to heare. Loe an authentike and sure seale wee haue, that the woorde of God, albeit it bee brought vnto vs by mortall men, should be of full and perfect authoritie with vs, as it deserueth. And to the end that men should not thinke, that Iesus Christ onely ought to bee hearde in his owne person,Luc. 10. 16. he saith: He that heareth you, heareth me: and he which refuseth or despiseth you, he refuseth both me, and him which hath sent mee. Indeede the Pope and his sacrilegious adherentes, vsurpe this sentence for to establishe their tyrannie: but it appereteineth asmuch to them, as to the diuell of hell. And why? For they should first of all bring vs the pure doctrine of our Lord Iesus Christ: seeing the sonne of GOD hath not so resigned his office vnto men, as to despoile himselfe thereof: he will not haue vs gouerned after the appetite and lust of men, but he will alwayes haue that preeminence ouer vs, and that rule and empire, which hath bene committed into his handes. So then, when it is said, That in hearing of them whom he hath sent, wee heare him, it is meant, that if wee obey the doctrine of his Gospell, not despising it when it is published vnto vs by men, it is asmuch as if he spake vnto vs: admonishing vs hereby, that wee stay not our selues on the outward appearaunce wee behold with our eyes. And this is that which Saint Paule saith,1. Cor. 4, 7. That albeit wee bee brittle bessels: yea, broken pottes of no value, yet this inestimable treasure, which is committed vnto vs, is not therefore of lesse price and estimation, neither ought the dignitie & worthinesse of it for this cause bee diminished. True it is, that we are not able to procure vnto the word of God such a reuerence as gladlie wee would and desire. And why? For there is in vs nothing, nothing I say of our owne, whiche may make for the aduancing of the glorie of GOD: and yet for all this, wee must make proofe of our obedience in this behalfe, that is, that wee beare abroade the worde of GOD, with such great confidence and boldnesse, as knowing that he hath made vs his Embassadours, to declare his will: and withall let vs beware wee correct all hautinesse and presumption herein. As for those vnto whom wee come, let them receiue in all simplicitie the doctrine of the Gospell, and let them not dispute, why and wherefore they are bound to subiect them selues vnto mortall men. For seeing that men shoulde despise, and set at naught the sonne of GOD: [Page] [...] [Page] [...] [Page] yea: the heauenlie father which hath ordeined him souereigne doctor, except they heare him whom he hath sent for his messengers, it behoueth vs with all diligence to bee ruled and ordered herevnto. So then let vs learne to stoope our necke, to beare the yoke of the sonne of GOD, receuing the doctrine of the Gospell in all humilitie, although it bee preached vnto vs by men. And as I haue alreadie said, let vs diligentlie consider the ratification it hath, which ought to suffice vs to knowe, that the Gospell hath bene brought from GOD himselfe, seeing it hath bene warranted and ratified from heauen, when GOD with his owne mouth pronounced, that he would that men should heare his sonne. Yee see in effect what we haue to beare in minde vppon this place. And therefore let vs followe them of whom mention is here made: namelie, that wee desire not, that GOD for our pleasure descend from heauen: but when it shall please him otherwise to communicate his woord vnto vs, let vs be therewith sufficientlie contented. Now it might seeme at the first sight, that there were in this place some contrarietie. For the people say: Wee haue seene this day how God speaketh vnto men, and yet they liue. And afterward: Wee shall die if God speake vnto vs. For it seemeth, that if wee haue once had experience, that God confoundeth vs not when he speaketh, that this ought to make vs more bold and hardie. And why? For seeing wee are remaining aliue, albeit wee haue heard the voice of God: when hee hath done this for once, why shall he not doe it twice or thrice? And here the people say, Wee haue hearde the voice of God, but if he speake againe vnto vs, behold wee die, wee are vndone, wee perishe. It seemeth that they trusted not to the bountie and goodnesse of GOD, and that they were also verie vnthankefull, for not acknowledging and remembring the benefite, which GOD bestowed on them, when he left vnto them their full vigor and strength. But wee must note that the people hereby declareth, that they will not tempte GOD any further, that it sufficeth them once to haue knowen that the lawe was not a thing forged and feigned by men, but that GOD was the onely authour thereof. This sentence therefore ought thus to bee taken, as if they had said: Wee haue this day seene that GOD speaketh vnto men, and they yet continue aliue: this is sufficient for vs, wee must take heede, wee abuse not the patience of God. He hath spared vs this day, but wee must not [Page] herevpon conclude, that he will alwayes doe so: he hath tried vs in this sorte for one time; euen because of our malice, our stubbornnesse, and hardnesse of heart. For were wee worthie vnto whom he should in this wise appeare in his glorie? But he knewe that wee would not bee sufficientlie daunted and tamed to bee ordered to his obedience, except he should come vnto vs in his visible glorie, and should amaze vs with such feare as to confound vs. So then, if he should not haue wonne vs by such force, he knewe well wee would haue still continued as wilde and sauage beastes. But seeing it hath pleased him of his goodnesse to pardon vs the fault and offence wee haue committed, and that at this day he beareth mercifully with vs, let vs not returne to tempt his patience any more. For this should bee too great an outrage, this should bee to mocke his gentlenesse, and to make a scorne of his patience. So then this testimonie sufficeth vs, both for our life, and for the life of our children: & for euer vnto all posterities, euen to the end of the world. Wherefore let them which shall come after vs knowe, that they must not enter into this fond and foolish desire, to wish to drawe God vnto them out of the heauens, as if it were conuenient he should bee our fellowe mate and companion Ye see then how the [...] two places agree verie well together. Now here wee haue to note, that albeit the worde of God bee of that force and power, as to destroy and bring vs to nothing, that he yet vseth such mercie towardes vs, that it is vnto vs to life, in steede of consuming and destroying vs. And when I say that the worde of God is of such force as to consume vs to nothing, I vnderstand not onelie the worde as it is here described by Moses, but if the Lord would make vs feele the vertue and power of his worde, albeit it should be preached vnto vs by men, yet shoulde it serue vtterly to confound vs. But now wee see that the Lorde quickeneth vs, when he speaketh vnto vs, and especially at this day,Iohn. 5. [...]. when the Gospell is preached vnto vs: for this which is spoken by Saint Iohn, is euerie day accomplished: namelie, That all those which heare the worde of the sonne of man, are restored to life. For by nature wee are aliantes from GOD, wee are exiled and banished his kingdome, wee are dead, and as it were en [...]umbed in some graue or sepulchre: and loe, our Lorde Iesus Christ profeteth vnto vs the remission and forgiuenesse of our sinnes: God his father adopteth vs for his children. Beholde then the [Page] manifestation of saluation which is opened vnto vs, and wee are thereby quickened and restored vnto life by the meanes of the Gospell. And for this wee haue wonderfull great cause to praise and glorifie our GOD, for that he maketh his worde to serue for to restore vs vnto life, and to deliuer vs from death, whereas his worde is of such force and vertue, as vtterlie to consume vs, if he of his mercie did not turne it to worke a cleane contrarie effect in vs.

Now withall let vs diligentlie note, that if our Lord hath once bestowed on vs more than we any way deserue, wee must not therefore take leaue and licence hereby to tempt him, and to desire alwayes to rule him after our owne lustes and appetites. As wee see at this day the Papists will excuse themselues for not receiuing the Gospell, because they see no miracles done in our time. Yea, but let them answere me wherevnto the miracles which our Lorde Iesus Christ hath done, and which hee committed to his Apostles, serued? Ought these to serue nothing to our profite and commoditie? Behold then what admirable vertue and power GOD hath declared at the beginning of the Gospell. The heauen and the earth were then moued, there was no parte in the worlde wherein GOD imprinted not some worke or signe of his maiestie, that the Gospell might be authorized. Beholde the Angels, which descended at the birth of our Lorde Iesus Christ, to beare witnesse vnto him: beholde the Sunne which was darkened at his death: behold the vaile of the temple which was rent in two pieces, to shew that the holy Sanctuarie was opened, and that freer and bolder accesse was graunted vnto GOD than euer before. The raging and tempestuous Sea is appeased, the diuels themselues do homage to the glorie of GOD being present.

Brieflie, both by signes and wonders aboue and beneath, God hath declared that the Gospell proceeded from him, as wee haue alreadie shewed. So many maladies & sicknesses healed, so great warres appeased, so many other signes and wonders which were shewed, were not to serue for one time onelie, but at this daie the memorie of them ought to remaine: and wee must receiue this witnesse for a seale of our faith, that wee doubt not, but that the dignitie of the Gospell ought to bee as great at this day, and that the authoritie [Page] thereof is as well nowe ratified and confirmed, as it was then, when Christ wrought his miracles. And yet for all this, we see manie of the vncredulous and vnbeleeuing sorte, which alledge, that if they did see any miracles, they should be conuerted.

But it is certeine, if they were now presently shewed, they would still remaine in their obstinacie and stubbornesse, & take thereby an occasion of further enuenoming and impoisoning themselues against GOD. What remaineth then for vs to doe? We must learne (as I haue said) to content our selues with that which GOD hath once done. If GOD hath giuen vs more than hee owed vs, let vs receiue it, and with geuing of thankes let vs learne not to prouoke his wrath and anger against vs by an ouer presumptuous tempting of his patience. Beholde then what wee haue to beare in minde in this place, when the people saith, Let the Lorde speake vnto vs no more, for it sufficeth vs that were haue hearde his voice, and yet haue bene permitted of him to liue. And that this wee haue aboue declared may bee more certeinlie confirmed vnto vs, let vs beare in minde that which is here said, What fleshe hath hearde the voice of the liuing GOD and liueth? For by these wordes in this place, it is plainelie shewed, that the people of Israel spake not in their owne name, but euen in the behalfe of all mankinde. They saie not onelie, What are all we to heare GOD speake? but, What is all flesh? And in verie deede (as I haue touched in the beginning) it cannot bee, but men are either staring madde, or starke dronken, when they cannot humble themselues: for there needed no other thing for them to doe, but to respect their owne estate and condition, to saie, What are wee? There is nothing, neither in our bodies, nor in our soules, but frailtie. We are not now remaining in our nature wherein wee were first created: but beeing fallen therefrom into that estate wee nowe are in, what are wee but as a water which glideth away, as a smoke which passeth and vanisheth on a soudeine? And which worse is, wee are enimies of GOD, and hee must needes bee our aduersarie partie, forasmuch as there is nothing in vs to be found, but sinne and wickednesse.

Therefore, when we be entised and tickled with such foolish and vaine lustes and desires, as to wishe that GOD would do [Page] miracles, that we might heare the angels of heauen: let vs returne to thinke on this which is here said, and what is all flesh? Let vs, I say, enter into this consideration, to bethinke our selues what wee are, and our owne small abilitie shall sufficiently aduise and aduertise vs, to geue praise and thankes vnto God, that he maketh vs not feele his presence to consume & vtterlie to confound vs, but with an amiable mildenesse and gentlenesse, allureth vs to himselfe, when we heare men like our selues, and our brethren, which speake vnto vs in his person.

And let vs further note, that when the people of Israel say, What people hath heard the voice of the liuing God, and remained aliue as wee? It is to shewe vnto vs, that God would not that this should bee drawen into consequence, for vs to conclude any thing thereon. And therefore let vs not alledge this, to say: And why speaketh not God at this day vnto vs after a visible manner, as he hath done to his people in the mount? It pleased him then so to doe, but wee must not impose him a lawe, or thinke to binde him to continue to doe that which he hath done for one time onelie. So as I haue saide, let vs not abuse the graces of God, as despitefully to question against him in this sorte, And seeing God hath done this at other times, why will he not doe the like at this day? When men lift themselues vp in this manner against God, beholde, what a diuelish presumption and ouerweening is in them. Let vs then honour our God so farre as to graunt him this libertie, to manifest and declare himselfe vnto vs in such sorte as it shall please him, and as he shal know it expedient & necessarie for vs. Let vs not binde him by constraint to any necessitie, for that it shall haue pleased him for one time to vse some especiall grace, let vs not desire him to doe the same againe, but content we our selues simplie with his wil, whervnto we must alwayes be subiect. In the end, it is said, Go thou neere vnto God, and heare all which he shall say vnto thee, and declare thou it vnto vs, and we will heare it, and do it. We see here in the first place how the people desire that Moses should bee the messenger, to bring them whatsoeuer he shall haue receiued from God. And this is written for our instruction, that euerie one submit himselfe to the policie and rule of order which God hath established in his church. For (as I haue alreadie said) hee will speake vnto vs by the mouth of men, that is the onelie purpose why hee would there should bee [Page] ministers. This order is not inuented by men, but our Lord Iesus Christ hath declared, that hee would haue such a regiment in his church. Ye see then an inuiolable order, and which proceedeth from GOD, who will haue Pastours in his church to announce and declare his doctrine which wee must receiue to our saluation. Seeing it is so, let none oppose himselfe against it, but let vs patiently beare it, that God raise vp them amongst vs, by whom he will be serued to bring vnto vs the embassage of saluation. And let vs not murmur at this, that euerie one of vs hath not such a priuiledge: for hee will that his bodie, that is, his church, bee so gouerned. Ye see then what wee haue to gather vppon this place: namelie, that sithence GOD hath appointed ministers of his worde, wee heare them quietlie and contentiuelie, that there bee no enuying or malicing for this, if all be not Doctors and teachers, and that GOD appoint not euerie one vnto this office. For wee must bee ordered according to his good pleasure, as we haue alreadie said.

Behold one note to bee obserued. But withall, let vs also note, vnder what condition wee must haue and receiue Pastours. For this place is to discerne betweene s [...]ductors and deceiuers, which falslie abuse the name of GOD, and attribute vnto themselues the title of Prelates without time or reason, and betwene the true Prophets and good seruitours of God, and ministers of the Gospell. The Pope and all his pestilent vermine will say, that men must heare them, and receiue their doctrine, without any contradiction. And why? For God would there should bee Prelates in the church, and will that men heare and obey them. All this is true. But in the meane while, is this title geuen indifferentlie vnto all, and without discretion? No. But God hath withall adioined that he will be chiefe, that we be subiect vnto him, and not in the seruitude of men. Seeing then it is so, wee must knowe what Prelates and what Doctors God sendeth vs, as we are directed by this place: namelie, such as heare what God shall say vnto them, and then deliuer it faithfullie to the people. So they which would be heard in the name of GOD, and that men receiue their doctrine in all reuerence, let them bee t [...]e first to heare God, let them not attempt to adde any thing vnto the word of God: but let then be tractable, and easie to be taught of God: and when they shall haue bene instructed by God, let them dispense vnto others that which they haue receiued from God. For none are to be accounted [Page] good ministers of the woord of God, but such as haue first beene his scholers, and which vsurpe not a maistershippe ouer others, to bring vnto them whatsoeuer shall seeme good to them selues. And wee must not here be to wise: for God reserueth vnto himselfe this office, to declare that vnto vs, which he will haue vs to knowe. It is not here simplie said, Heare that which God shall say vnto thee, and then come and tell it vs: but it is said, All that which God shall say to thee: so that there is no point nor article which may be omitted, in such sort, that Moses is here put beside all libertie of presuming to declare any thing, but that which God appointeth, and commaundeth him to declare. And now, what are these filthes of the world, whiche will dare aduaunce themselues aboue Moses? Wee shall in the ende see, that there neuer was any Prophet raised with so singular a grace as was Moses. And in verie deede, albeit wee see an admirable spirite in Esaie, and in all the rest of the Prophetes: yet is Moses notwithstanding preferred before them all, when it is said: Remember the lawe of Moses my seruant, which was giuen him in Horeb. And behold Malachie, which speaketh after all the rest of the Prophetes, and referreth all vnto Moses, as if hee were the principall Doctor and Teacher, as if the lawe were the fountaine wherehence all must drawe.

Now sithence it is so, that Moses, who hath in this sort bene preferred, to whom God gaue so excellent a dignitie: if he (all this notwithstanding) must not enterprise to declare any thing of his owne, but what he hath heard of God, that must he faithfullie dispense vnto the people: is it not now a diuelish arrogancie of lewde villaines to presume to say, that it is in them to impose and make lawes for the consciences of men, and to binde them vnder the paine of mortall and deadlie sinne? Is not this too barbarous a tyrannie? So then, let vs hold this meane, that we fal not into two vicious & wicked extremes: namelie, that seing God would gouerne his church by the exteriour preaching of his worde, let euerie one rule and order himselfe thereto, let vs be diligent to heare sermons, and let this policie and rule of order be inuiolablie kept as a thing sacred and hallowed: namelie, to be taught by the mouth of mortal men. And in the meane time notwithstanding, let not men haue this authoritie, to bring vnto vs what them listeth, but let them be faithfull stewards and dispensers of the worde of God. And that we may alwayes protest, that our faith is [Page] grounded on the will of God, let vs not depende on the wisedome of men, but let our Lord so hold vs vnder his obedience, that wee may say, It is he whom we heare from heauen, albeit he vse the ministerie and labour of men, as a meane to do this.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the maiestie of our good God, with acknowledgement of our faults, praying him that he will make vs to feele them more and more, in such sort, that we may learne to displease our selues. And because the souereigne & best remedie to deliuer vs from all our maladies and corruptions is this, that wee heare his holy doctrine, pray wee that it will please him to open vs our eares, that we may learne to receiue it in all feare and humilitie, and that it may be so imprinted in our hearts, that we make it auaile to the vse wherevnto hee hath ordeined it, that is, that we be thereby quickened and brought to saluation, to the end we may with all our heart desire it, and applie our studie thereto more and more. And so let vs say humblie from our heart, Almightie God and heauenlie father, &c.

The. 15. Sermon.

[Page]

Deut. Chap. 5.

28 Then the Lorde heard the voyce of your woordes, when ye spake vnto me: And the Lorde said vnto mee, I haue heard the voyce of the woordes of this people which they haue spoken vnto thee, they haue well said all that they haue spoken.

29 Oh that there were such an heart in them to feare mee, and to keepe all my commaundementes alway, that it might goe well with them, and with their children for euer!

30 Goe lay vnto them, Returne you into your tentes.

31 But stand thou heere with me, and I will tell thee all the commaundementes, and the ordinaunces, and the lawes which thou shalt teach them, that they may do them in the land, which I geue them to possesse it.

32 Take heede therefore, that ye do as the Lorde your GOD commaundeth you, you shall not decline neither to the right hand, nor to the left.

33 But you shall walke in all the wayes which the Lorde your God hath commaunded you, that ye may liue, and that it may goe well with you, and that your dayes may bee prolonged in the earth which you shall possesse.

FOllowing on that which was yesterday declared, God in this place sheweth, that he agreeth vnto the request and desire of the people, and giueth them choice of that, which shall serue best to their profite and commoditie. And herein we see, that he would breed a sense and feeling of his goodnesse in this people, to the end that hee might [Page] the better winne them vnto himselfe. It is true, that for the right of his rule and authoritie he hath ouer vs, we ought to be vnder his subiection, and to yeelde him obedience, and he might force vs herevnto: but hee chooseth rather to handle vs in all fatherlie loue and gentlenesse. Loe then why hee sheweth, that he is agreed with the request of the people. And so let vs diligently note, that GOD considereth of that, which is so good and profitable for vs, that if wee were to make our choice, we could not wish anie thing better, than that which he hath appointed. It shall not alwayes seeme so vnto vs, but the thing notwithstanding euidently declareth it. Moreouer, hee addeth that hee hath not done according to the desire of the people, but because he did approue and allowe their request. For well it may be that God sometimes will giue vnto men that which they require: but this is because of their importunitie, and in the meane time it turnes them to their cōdemnation. As when the people would needes eate flesh, it is verie true, they were satisfied therewith, but they payed their shot full deare: for God was angrie, that they desired to enioy a thing,Num. 11. 33. which was taken from them. And albeit God thensatisfied them which had murmured, so that they had wherwith to fill their bellie, yet had it bin much better they had all died for hunger. Now in this request whereof Moses in this place speaketh, there is no such thing: for God expressely saith, That they haue rightly iudged. As if he did say: Follow this order, for ye shall see what a plesure and good turn I do you. Ye haue requested of me a man which should speake vnto you in my name, & I am contented you haue him. This therfor ought the rather to persuade you to receiue the doctrin, which shalbe preached vnto you in my name: for asmuch as I haue graunted this at your owne choice & desire. And yet think you not that I would haue pleased you herein, without great reason, and for good purpose. For I assure you, you shall do well to follow this order of profiting in my word. And always, & as often as Moses shall come to you, when I shall haue sent him, heare ye with all reuerence that which he shall tell you for your profite & cōmoditie. And so let vs note, that when the word of God shalbe preached vnto vs by men, that this is not don according to their pleasure & fantasie, but because that God hath here deliuered a doctrine, which is profitable for vs. And this ought the rather to stay vs from being moued with any foolish affection & desire to change, as seemeth vs, what we vnaduisedly shall mislike: as alwayes [Page] wayes nouelties delite & please vs. Know we then wheron we are to stay & rest our selues: namely, that all the time of our life we heare the worde of God, which shalbe preached vnto vs by men. And why? Because not onely the will of God is such, but he hath also declared that the thing is good & behouefull for vs. Moreouer, God in this place awakeneth the people, better to consider of obseruing the commandements of the lawe than they had done. For the people had said, We will do them. And God saith on his side, that he will giue them the will to do them, that he will breede in their heart such a desire. Now by these wordes he giueth vs to vnderstand, that it was a small thing for them, and it cost them little to make a promise, as men will with full mouth make great protestacions, but when the time commeth to fulfill the things they haue spoken, they shewe full well howe at randon and vnaduisedly their promises haue beene made. God therefore to make the people feele howe hard a matter it was to obserue the lawe, saieth in this place, I woulde feigne it might be so. For the worde he vseth, when he saieth, hee will giue them the will and power, importeth in Hebrewe, this, which we say. And so be it: and, I coulde wishe it well. It is true, that GOD here speaketh much after the manner of men, vsing a verie humane speache. For he needeth not to wishe anie thing: all things are in his hand. And therefore one might replie vnto him: And this is in thee, O Lord, to doe: askest thou who will giue them an heart and will? Who hath power to doe this? For man of himselfe will neuer be inclined vnto that which is good: but he must be from elsewhere driuen therevnto, and this can not be by anie creature, but by the holie spirite. So then seeke to further who shall giue them the power to obserue thy commaundements, but shewe thou foorth in them the vertue and power of thy spirite, and then they shall keepe them: as wee shall hereafter see that God saith,Deut. 30. 6. I will giue you the will and power to feare me. If this were in vs, what should hee neede to say thus? But he pronounceth that it is in him to doe this. As he addeth by his Prophete,Iere. 32. 39. I will giue them an heart to obey mee. We shall see as much saide to this purpose hereafter,Eze. 11. 19. and 36. 27. I will cause that they shall keepe my commaundements. God therefore challengeth this office vnto him selfe of instructing men, and of gouerning them by his holie spirite, to the end they may be subiect vnto him, and that they order themselues to his iustice. And wherefore then in this place [Page] seemeth he to wishe this? It is for that (as in manie other places) hee speaketh after the manner and fashion of men. And this is to the end, that wee may better vnderstande, as I haue alreadie touched, that when men speake vnto vs of walking in the obedience of God, that this is not done without great difficultie, and that all our seuses may bee more throughly awakened, to applie our selues willingly and painefully vnto such a studie. Therefore in steade of this, that men lightly promise without anie long deliberation, that they will worke, I knowe not what miracles, that they will obey GOD, that they will obserue the lawe, let vs knowe, that wee must examine what power and strength is in vs, and then shall we perceiue howe weake wee are, wee shall see that we are so farre from beeing able to performe all that which is commaunded vs, that wee knowe not where to beginne: nay, we knowe not howe to conceiue one good thought, vntill GOD hath reformed vs, and drawen vs vnto himselfe, that hee giueth vs the will, and bestoweth withall on vs the power to put in execution and practise, that which we shall haue willed. Ye see then what this worde importeth, And who shall giue them the will? Or, I woulde it might bee so. By this let vs bee admonished, not to presume on our owne power and strength, to bee ouer hardie and venturous in matters concerning God.

For this is the cause of our ruine and destruction, when we thinke our selues able to doe all thinges whatsoeuer: and GOD by good right laugheth to scorne in the meane time suche arrogancie and ouerweening of men. But learne wee to feele our owne weakenesse, howe wee are able to doe nothing. And albeit that wee are bounde to accomplishe whatsoeuer GOD commaundeth vs, that this is not to say, that we therefore haue the meane to doe it: yea rather, wee want all power and abilitie to perfourme it. For it is not so small and easie a matter to loue GOD with all our hearts, to loue GOD with all our mindes, with all our power, and strength, and might, that wee neede but to say: Yea, we will go roundlie away herein: but let vs knowe that this surmounteth and exceedeth all the abilitie which is in men.

Nowe, when wee knowe that the lawe conteineth a iustice ouer highe for vs to reache vnto, and that on our part wee are so weake and feeble, that it is pitie to beholde, then shall wee [Page] learne to lament and bewaile our selues before God, and vnderstanding full well, that we are bound to do whatsoeuer he commaundeth, we shall desire that he will giue vs the power, that he will aide vs by his holie spirite, and that not onelie hee will support vs in our frailie and weaknesse, but that he will beginne and perfect that which is in vs, that he will giue vs a will and desire, and confirme and continue the same in vs, and that afterward, when hee shall haue giuen vs a constancie to persist in our desire, he will giue vs also the power to accomplish all that which we shall haue well desired. Now withall GOD in this place sheweth, that when hee sendeth vs his worde, it is for this ende, to ioyne and knitte him selfe with vs, that we also may be vnited vnto him: so that hee demaundeth nothing but obedience, that when wee shall become children vnto him, hee may shewe himselfe our louing father. Beholde then for what intent God will that his worde bee preached vnto vs: namely, that we may bee gathered vnder his winges, that he may protect and defende vs, that he may saue vs: yea, vnder this condition, that we come vnto him quietly, and that we suffer our selues to be gouerned by his worde, and to be subiect therevnto. True it is (as we haue alreadie touched) that this is not in our power, that God must bestow on vs the grace hereto, and that he giueth not this grace vnto all. But we are not here to inquire after the secrete counsell of God, what the cause is, that hee reformeth and reneweth some by his holie spirite, and that he leaueth others to wander according to the corruption and wickednesse of their owne nature, and neuer draweth them backe into the right way. Wee must not entangle our selues in this Labyrinth: but let it suffice vs to knowe, that God would shewe that men are inexcusable, when hee saieth: O, I could wishe it might bee so: as if hee saide, That after that wee haue beene taught in his woorde, wee haue no excuse, GOD shall not bee in fault, if we bee not saued. And why? For if wee walke as hee commaundeth vs, wee shall perceiue that this is the way to come to all blessednesse. And so let vs impute vnto our selues the cause of all those euils which shall happen vnto vs. And when wee shall bee afflicted, when GOD shall chastise and punish vs by aduersitie and sundrie other afflictions, let vs knowe wee haue no cause to murmur or to complaine against him. For our selues are in great fault, because wee haue not followed his woorde. [Page] Ye see in effect, what we haue to beare in minde vppon this place. True it is, that we must in the meane time haue recourse vnto his ayde and helpe, knowing that we are ouer weake on our part to accomplish the lawe, and that we can not fulfill our dutie therein: nay, not come neare vnto it in what sort socuer. But yet, if we walke not as it behoueth vs, we must alwayes passe vnder condemnation, knowing that all the fault lieth in our selues, and that when we are beaten and chastised with the roddes of God, that we can not say that this is beside all merite and desert of ours. And why? When we haue the worde of God, we haue a testimonie and witnesse, that he desireth to be vnited and ioyned vnto vs, and to execute the office of a father towardes vs, and to preserue vs in all prosperitie: were it not that we on our part did burie his grace, and hinder the course and proceeding thereof. Loe then howe men are by good right conuicted, to haue repelled, and despitefullie refused the gratious goodnesse of God, and to haue debarred him of all accesse and entrance, by shutting vp the doore, when they haue bene taught and instructed by his word, and yet they haue not profited therein. And so this is a verie profitable admonition for vs, when we see that God wisheth in this place, that we would do that which he commaundeth vs, to the end it might be wel with vs. And hereby we see, that if we receiue his doctrine in all reuerence and humilitie, if we seeke to yeelde all obedience therevnto, it can not be, but the ende and issue thereof shalbe prosperous and blessed, and that we shalbe certeine of our saluation. Nowe, it is true, that we must alwayes returne backe to this point, to pray God to giue vs the minde and will to serue him: but if thorough infirmitie we faile in our duetie, let vs learne to condemne our selues, that we may be absolued before him. And moreouer, let vs reioyce when we see that he procureth by all meanes our saluation, and seeketh to set vs forward therein alwayes, and as often as his holie word is preached vnto vs: and let vs call to minde that which is said in the Prouerbes of Solomon, That the solace and delight of the wisedome of God,Pro. 8. 31. i [...] to dwell with men. Beholde, howe God here protesteth, that when he sendeth his word, it is to instruct vs in all perfection of wisedome, as if he sent his wisedome from the heauens. Yea, and to what end? For wisedome is brought in here to speake, and to say: Behold my dainties and delites to dwell with the children of men. And this is as much as if God did displaie and laid [Page] open his heart vnto vs, and that he saide: Beholde, I will binde my selfe with an holie and sacred bond vnto men, when I instruct them by my word, and if they on their part be not wilde and vnrulie, they shall perceiue, that I will alwayes be in the middest of them, and neuer withdrawe my selfe from them. This ought well to inflame vs with such a reuerence of the woorde of GOD, that wee endeuour with all our might, to profit therein, and not to suffer our selues to be at anie time turned from it, seeing the benefit thereof is inestimable: namelie, that by it our Lorde vniteth him selfe with vs. Now, it followeth in the text of Moses, how God commaundeth the people, That euerie one goe his way into his tent, and that Moses abide there: and he addeth, I will tell thee all the commaundementes, and the statutes, and the lawes, which thou must teach the whole people. God againe in this place sheweth, that he ceaseth not to continue in teaching and instructing the people, albeit he vse the meane whiche hath bene declared: namelie, that Moses bee as an expositour of the will of God, and the messenger thereof vnto the people. This is well worthie the noting. For it serueth vnto this end, that wee may vnderstand, that God will alwayes hold vs vnto himselfe, and that he will not that our faith bee grounded vpon men, or depend on them. And it is verie needefull and requisite, that wee bee warned hereof. It is true, that those whiche followe their good meaninges, or which say, that they hold and sticke vnto those things, which haue bene determined by the Church, and by the auncient Fathers, may bee for a time so besotted, that if one tell them, they hold as it were by the aire, that they haue no certeine stay and assurance to leane vnto, when they so rest themselues wholie one men, they will bee still headie and obstinate: as we see the Papists, whom the diuell hath so bewitched, that they are content to stande vnto the resolutions, which men at their owne lust and pleasure haue made, and venturousie despised the woord of GOD: yea, albeit men bring manifest witnesses and testimonies from it, to reproue their superstitions, all is one with them, they are so dull and obstinate, that it skilleth not with them, whether GOD bee contrarie vnto them or no. Men I say shall haue this presumptuous boldnesse for a time, to ventur to goe on whither their fond imagination carrieth them, they shall indurate and harden them selues against GOD: but when they come to the triall, that GOD thorouglie toucheth [Page] them with the vertue and power of his woorde, behold they are so astonished and amazed, that they know not what may become of them. So then let vs note, that wee shall haue no certeine and assured stay to rest vpon, except our faith bee grounded on the woord of GOD, and that wee may protest, that whatsoeuer wee haue, wee hold from him, and account that this is the onely truth, that wee wander not in our owne weenings and thinkings, or propose vnto our selues the doctrine of men to leane vnto, and to stay and to rest vpon. When wee heare that GOD in this place saith, I will tell thee the things wherein thou shalt instruct them: let vs note, that wee must also in like manner leane wholie vppon him, that our faith must not bee wauering and in doubt, being vnderpropped by the infallible veritie of his woord. And this is that wee are to seeke after when wee come vnto a sermon, that wee may haue this article fullie ratified, and sealed vp in our consciences, that wee haue the woorde of GOD, wherein our life consisteth.

Withall let vs also note, that GOD would bridle them in this place, which haue the charge of preaching his woord, from all presumption of commending vnto the people any thing of their owne: but that they content them selues to bee faithfull dispensers of that which he commaundeth, that they alwayes protest they haue serued God, forasmuch as they haue executed that whiche he gaue them in commaundement, and haue deliuered the doctrine they preach, from the mouth of God, into the handes of men. Beholde what wee haue to note, we (I say) whom God hath ordeined ministers to declare his woorde, and vnto whom he hath committed this office of teaching his people, that wee adde vnto his woorde nothing of our owne, which wee shall haue imagined: but wee declare simplie, and bring that onely whiche wee knowe to proceede from God. How, to the end that the people should not thinke, that God instructed them by halfes, but in most absolute and perfect manner, he repeateth in this place that whereof we haue heretofore entreated, The ordinaunces, the statutes, the commaundements, & ceremonies: as if he said, that nothing shalbe wanting in his doctrine, and that the people ought not to desire any thing besides whatsoeuer. This hath bene beefore largelie expounded: but alwayes, when GOD vseth so many and diuerse wordes, where hee might simplie and in a woorde haue saide the lawe: let vs note, that this is the better to withholde men, from attempting vppon [Page] anie foolish curiositie to adde anie thing vnto his lawe, as we see how by nature we are ouermuch giuen thereto, and our fleshlie mindes alwayes stirre vs vp, to inuent I knowe not what nouelties and newfangled things. And loe howe in Poperie euerie one hath enterprised to clout vnto the word of God his patch and piece, and howe manie lawes they haue made one on the backe of another. And why? For it seemeth vnto them, that it sufficeth not to walke vprightlie according vnto the word of God, but that it were further good and conuenient that their medlie should be made therein. Howe, God contrariewise saith, That if we haue his lawe, we shal haue his statutes, commaundementes, ordinances, and rites: as if he said, That mortall men must not be so presumptuous and ouerweening, as to desire to seeme wiser than he. For when they shall haue made their longest discourses, they shall not finde any thing which they can amend, or wherevnto they may make addition: yea, let them know, that all that they shall seeke to put vnto of their owne, shall not bee superfluous onelie and vnprofitable, but shall marre all: as if one would mingle vinegre with wine. And now God, hauing spoken in this sort, warneth them further, that they beware they obserue that which hee shall commaunde them, without anie turning, either vnto the right hande or vnto the left. In these words our Lord declareth, that hee will not that his law be honoured of men, in approuing it onelie with the mouth, as if we would seeme to be acquited of all the dutie we beare thereto, when we doe no more than this: but he sheweth, that for to retaine vs vnder his subiection, and in his seruice, he hath published his lawe, and at this day will haue it preached. For herein it is his pleasure to proue, whether he shall dispatch and come to anie agreement with vs, as with a quiet and tractable people, whom hee hath nowe lured to his traine. Let vs therefore diligentlie note, that when we come vnto a sermon, this is not to say, that the doctrine we heare, is holie and good: God shalbe much beholding vnto vs, when wee haue pronounced that his word is worthie to be receiued. Hee will not that we be his iudges. I graunt that we owe vnto him this confession, that when we shall haue heard his worde, euerie one acknowledge, that it is the pure and sincere veritie, that there is no other vprightnesse, nor iustice, nor wisedome, beside that which is there conteined: but in the meane time we must proceede further: namelie, to order our selues vnto the seruice and honour of God, Behold, one profitable [Page] point which we haue to gather vpon this place. Againe, wee are diligentlie to obserue that which he saith, Take heede ye do that I command. For hereby God sheweth that we must seriouslie applie all our might and power herein: for men shall not followe God by sleeping, seeing that when they vse the greatest force they may with themselues, they shall with much a doe drawe their legges after them, their infirmitie and weakenesse of nature is so great. Let vs not thinke then to acquite our dutie towardes God, without bestowing much paine and labour therein: for the thing is of great difficultie, considering what ones we are: namelie, slowe and euer lazie to bestirre our selues about that which is good. Nay, I say yet further, that albeit God hath affectioned & moued vs with some desire thereto, albeit he gouerneth vs with his holie spirit, the thing will not be ouer easie. For if he leaueth vs to remaine such as we are, wee shall not onelie be slow herein, but we shall drawe cleane backward from that which he willeth vs: if he call vs vnto him selfe, we shall recule and flee backe from him: yea, we shalbe forced to followe that which is euill, so farre shall we be from being able to desire any manner of way, that which is good. But note we that which wee haue alreadie touched, that although God hath giuen vs some good affection, albeit he hath set vs in some good way, yet are we still slouthfull, and loth to remoue one foote: whereas a minute of time ought to serue, we had need of an houre, we winch & fling in such sort when we are put forward: and if happilie we moue one steppe, either we stumble, or else we start backe two paces for one, or we take so greuous falles as it is pitie to behold. So, it is not without good cause, that God saieth here, Take heede ye do that I commaund you: as if he saide, True it is, that my lawe is giuen you that you should put it in practise, and to yeelde obedience therevnto, but thinke ye not, that this is so easie to be done. Therefore, let euerie one prepare him selfe with such diligence to walke after my commaundementes, that ye thinke and meditate on them, that ye be diligent to bestowe all paine in them, that ye take a full tast and sauour of them, that yee bee vigilent to stand on your watch, for feare that you bee not turned aside: be ye therefore attentiue and heedefull herein. This wee see brieflie, that our Lorde exhorteth vs in this place seriouslie to trauell and bestirre our selues, when question is of walking vnder his obedience. And why? For the things he requireth of vs, are not so easily performed. [Page] And moreouer, wee are so euill disposed, as is lamentable to beholde, that except wee bee pricked on, and driuen thereto, as by force, wee can not set one foote forward as wee ought in our dutie. If is needefull therefore, that wee awaken our selues better, to bee more diligent and attentiue, and to stand alwayes more warilie on our garde, to accomplish that which our Lorde commaundeth vs. Nowe he afterwarde addeth, That this must be done without turning either to the right hand or to the left, but that altogether they walke in that way, which he hath shewed them. True it is, that this place shalbe expounded more at large in the twelfth Chap. of this booke: but yet wee must not so passe it ouer in this place, but that wee vnderstande what God meant to say in forbidding vs, That wee bee not turned, neither vnto the right hand nor to the left. For he sheweth vs, that his pleasure and will is in all things to bee hearkened vnto of vs, nothing whatsoeuer excepted. Now this importeth two thinges: that is, wee neither adde vnto, nor diminish any thing from his lawe. To adde any thing is, as if wee woulde turne on the right hand. For they which adde vnto the lawe of God, doe it as thinking that it is not enough to obserue all that which is therein conteined, but that it were good to put somewhat more therevnto. Loe how men woulde haue some place for their fantasies, that if they can bethinke them selues of any thing, it seemeth them that God hath forgotten it, and that it were good to bee obserued. And beholde what hath bene the cause of making so many ordinances, so many lawes, & ceremonies, in Poperie. The Iewes had the like vice reigning among them as it is vpbraided them, that by their traditions they had set at naught the statutes and commandements of God. So then let vs beware howe wee walke rightlie,Mat. 15. 3. I meane on the right hande, to turne our selues from the way which God hath shewed vs. And why? Wee turne then on the right hand, when wee will bee to wise, and to iust, and when wee thinke it is good to doe more than wee are commanded. But herein wee are the seruantes and ministers of the diuel, for GOD disalloweth whatsoeuer wee shall adde vnto his woorde, he will no such medlie. Now wee decline vnto the left hand, when we diminish and take away any thing from the woorde of God, namelie, when wee thinke wee haue done enough, if wee haue discharged halfe our dutie, and that for the rest he giueth vs leaue to followe [Page] our owne lustes and desires: A man that shall not bee subiect to some number of vices, will happilie desire to acquite him selfe towardes God so far forth: but because he can not restraine him self from some one, he would that God should notwithstanding be contented, & giue him leaue to cōdition with him, to say: Well, if I misse in this thing, I will make a recompense in another. But take we heed of walking on the left hand, that is to say, of diminishing anie thing from the word of God: for when he hath forbidden men murder, he hath forbidden them also to steale, & to commit adulterie. We must therefore without any replie yeelde our obedience vnto him in all things. For as we ought not to adde any thing vnto the lawe of God, so is it not lawfull to take anie thing from it: but we must walke in all the way he sheweth vs. And nowe, when he saith, The way, it is to exhort vs to hold our selues therein, as we shall see in the end of the booke. Behold the way, walke ye therein,Deut. 28. 9. will Moses say: as if he said, Who soeuer turneth him selfe aside from the doctrine which I set before you, he wandereth, he runneth but acrosse the fields, & the further hee runneth on, the further he is from the end of his iournie. So in this place, Walke ye in the way, that is to say: Wander ye not wilfullie ye wretched ones, straie not from the way wherein your God leadeth you, ye can not misse of your way by folowing of him: but if you giue your selues ouer to go whither your owne head leadeth you, God must in the end declare vnto you, that you shalbe but as straying & wandering beastes, for that you haue not kept forward your course in the right way. And so know ye, that the word of God is your way wherein you must walke. If this word were well imprinted in our minds, we should be held shorter, than to runne wandring at rouers, and ranging whither soeuer our flitting fansies & desires shall carrie vs, as we accustomablie vse to do: we should (I say) beheld backe in this way which is prescribed vs: for our God sheweth vs continuallie which is the way. And yet for all this men enter into their disputes, and make long questions: what is to bee done? and what is not to bee done? As if it had not bene saide, That GOD neuer openeth his mouth, but to shewe vs the right and perfect way: and when hee sheweth it vs, doe not wee him great wrong and iniurie if we followe him not? And doe we not accuse him, as if hee had lost all his time and paine he bestoweth to instruct vs? Wee [Page] see nowe what this worde (way) importeth: namelie, that without the woorde of GOD, there is nothing but errour and deceite, and that men farre abuse them selues, when they shall thinke to do well, except they leaue themselues to be gouerned by the worde of God, which sheweth vs the best and the streightest way. And purposelie he saith, All the way. For hee will not part stakes with men in this place, as they desire hee should that, is, they would alwayes reserue some thing, I knowe not what, vnto them selues: they would serue GOD by peece meale (as wee say:) but beholde, GOD on the contrarie side saith, I must be obeyed of all, throughout all pointes, or else I renounce you, I will none of you. So then, will wee approue our life vnto GOD? We must not thinke to yeelde him obedience in part onelie, but wee must take heede we order our whole life vnto that which hee commaundeth vs, in such sort, that wee may truelie protest and say, That wee haue helde our selues in all the way of the Lorde.

But here one might make a question, whether it be possible, that we may walke altogether in the way of God? For contrariwise, seeing it is so, that men doe not the good they desire to doe, it shalbe much when we shall haue endeuoured to come to the right way, and to goe as far forward towardes the end as we may, though we come not thereto. Saint Paule him selfe complaineth, that he could not do that,Rom. 9. 17. which he had desired for to discharge his duetie towardes God. But here is no speaking of such perfection as is required in the law: but we must onlie vnderstande, that God will haue men employ them selues with all diligence in his seruice, and that they inforce them selues thereto, that they make their race therein, albeit they can not atteine the end thereof. Therefore, although for all our life time wee go as drailing our legges after vs, and that wee come not fullie and perfectlie vnto God, yet must we proceede herevnto, and goe on forward, not in part onlie, but in all that which is conteined in the lawe. It is true, that we can not acquite our selues herein, in such sort, that there be a full and correspondent agreement betweene the woorde of God, and our life: but when we shall haue this desire to order our selues vnto God, and to conforme our selues vnto his will, not in one point or article onelie, but in all without exception: and when wee shall haue bestowed our whole trauell and industrie herein, beholde, howe we shall holde vs in all the waye of GOD. [Page] For he beareth with vs in such sort, that hee accepteth in good part such a desire, when he seeth vs to go roundly to worke in his seruice, and that we double not with him, and that we reserue not to our selues our owne lustes and desires, nor yeeld vs the libertie and leaue to fulfil them, but that we labour to please and to serue him as much as we may, and according vnto the grace which is giuen vs. Now withall he also adioyneth, That they may prosper, and that it may be well both with them, and with their children. Wherein hee giueth vs to vnderstand, that (as we haue alreadie touched) all the miseries and afflictions which wee endure in this worlde, are so manie chastisements and corrections for our sinnes. And we cannot say that we are anie other way miserable and vnhappie, but by our owne fault. True it is, euerie one desireth to bee at his ease, and in prosperitie, wee neede not to bee taught to wishe this vnto our selues, for our nature leadeth vs herevnto? but for all this, it seemeth that wee haue conspired our owne miserie and wretchednes. For the meane to prosper is this, that we be obedient vnto God, and then he shall blesse vs, in such for, that we shall feele the fruites thereof in all things. But what? We will not yeeld him the obedience which is due vnto him, and therefore we must needes bee depriued of his blessing, hee must needes reiect and refuse vs, as if we were not worthie to bee in the number of his creatures. And so let vs note, that God would in this place reproue men, and shew them that they are themselues the cause of all the miserie and wretchednesse they suffer in this worlde, and that they must attribute it to their sinne and wickednesse. But hee would moreouer withall allure his vnto himselfe, when he setteth before them a reward: as if he said: Go to, there is great cause why I should be serued of you, I deserue it full well at your hands, though you haue small regard of me: for seeing that you are my creatures, is it not good reason that you be my subiectes, and render all obedience vnto me? Ought you not for the whole time of your life to bee giuen ouer vnto me? But yet I will not request you to serue me for gramercie? I will for beare mine owne right in this behalfe: so that whereas ye are bound to doe all that I commande you, without looking or hoping for anie thing: loe, I yet tell you, that I am at hand to blesse you, & to make you prosper when you shall serue me. When our Lord speaketh thus, he sheweth that he will in most louing and amiable wise, winne his vnto himselfe, that he will (as it were) break [Page] their heart, that they might be the better affectionated, & more willingly disposed to serue and please him: seeing that hee commeth not vnto them, with such rigour and seueritie as he might: but yeelding of the right which apperteineth vnto him, chooseth rather to execute the office of a Father, saying, That if we will be his children, hee will be a liberall and bountifull Father towardes vs: and albeit he oweth vs nothing of duetie, yet will he bestowe a rewarde on vs for the seruice which wee shall haue done him. Nowe hereby we are admonished, that it pleaseth GOD, by so great gentlenesse and liberalitie, to allure and winne vs vnto himselfe. But we must not herevpon inferre, that men may merite and deserue any thing by seruing of God. As the Papists, when they heare such places, they runne to their merites: and it seemeth vnto them that GOD is further bounde and beholding vnto them than hee hath promised. But God contrariwise meaneth to shewe vs that he is readie to applie himselfe to vs, and to the fashion of men, that he desireth nothing else but to winne vs by all gentlenesse vnto his obedience. And this is not for anie profite that he receiueth thereby: as in verie deede, what profite shall he receiue when wee shall haue accomplished his whole lawe? Is this anie way to his gaine and aduantage? No. But it maketh for our saluation. Ye see then what the intent and purpose of God is, & what we haue to note vpon this sentence. So let vs learne that when we shall haue obeyed our God, if he make vs to prosper, that this is not for that he oweth vs anie thing, and that wee haue deserued it, and that wee may vaunt that he giueth vs no more than we deserue: but it pleaseth him to display and lay open his bountifull goodnesse towardes vs, euen to call that a rewarde and recompense, which he of his mere and free liberalitie giueth vs, without being therefore bounde and indebted vnto vs. Moreouer, when hee chastiseth vs, and that we are subiect to so manie miseries, let vs knowe, that wee doe but gather in the fruites of our owne seede. Because wee haue ledde an euill life, our Lorde must needes shew some signe and taken of his anger, that it may bee knowne hee is Iudge of the worlde. But hee hath also as well a regarde vnto our profite: that is, that we might be sorie for our faultes, and bee in displeasure with our selues for them, and that we should haue our recourse vnto him, in true and vnfeigned repentaunce. Loe howe GOD, when hee sheweth his anger towardes vs, ceaseth [Page] not to declare his loue: for hee seeketh to winne vs vnto himselfe. Hee seeth that we are brought asleepe in our sinnes, and hee awaketh vs, knowing that it is expedient and necessarie that he shoulde so doe. Thus we see what we haue to note vpon this place. Now in the end, Moses speaketh of the lande they were to possesse, and saieth, That thou maiest prosper in the lande whiche I shall giue thee. And againe for the second time, he placeth this sentence, That it may be well with you in the land which you shall possesse. Nowe it seemeth at the first sight, that God promiseth no other reward than in this earthlie and transitorie life. If it were so, the hope of the people of Israel had bene cleane beaten downe. But let vs note, that our Lorde hath vsed towards this people an other meane than with vs: albeit it tendeth to the same end. for the sacrifices which were ordeined in the lawe, were not to withdrawe the people from the saluation which wee haue in Iesus Christ:Heb. 9. 8. 13. 14. 22. but they serued rather that GOD might signifie that men are condemned, that they haue no other meane to be reconciled vnto him, than this which they haue by our Lorde Iesus Christ. Nowe for all this, men ceassed not to kill brute beastes for their offerings, and GOD said: Your sinnes shall be pardoned,Leuit. 16. 1 [...]. 16. when you shall haue killed for mee a calfe, a lambe, or a sheepe. It seemed them that God would appoint the remission of sinnes by these sacrifices of brute beastes: but he did not. This was to conduct the people, after such a grosse manner, to the redemption which in the end was obteined vs in the person of our Lorde Iesus Christ. As much was signified by the land of Chanaan: God therein would from the beginning propose the eternall inheritance of saluation vnto the children of Abraham, in saying to Abraham,Gen. 15. 1. I am thy exceeding great reward. He promiseth not the land to Abraham, therein to rest himselfe: but he will that Abraham putte his whole trust and affiaunce in him, that hee raise and lift vp his hope aboue all the world, & that he waite for euerlasting life for himselfe, and for his whole race. But it was expedient, because our Lorde Iesus Christ was not yet appeared, because the vaile of the Temple was not yet broken: it was (I say) expedient and needefull, that this lande of Chanaan shoulde bee as it were a pledge thereof, because this was fullie promised him for his inheritaunce. Let vs therefore diligentlie note, when it it is saide, That thou maiest prosper in the [Page] land, that God ment not to busie his people in this present life, but by this meane it pleseth him to conduct them higher: namely, to the hope of immortalitie which he had promised them. Neuertheles our Lord promiseth his blessing in such sort vnto this people, that euen in this life they shall perceiue it, and haue thereof some tast, waiting to haue the full enioying thereof, when they shall be withdrawne out of this world. And at this day we ought also to call to minde the testimonie of S. Paule,1. Tim. 4. 8. That when we shal feare God, we haue the promises of the present life, and of the life to come. For God wil in this life giue vs some feeling of his goodnes, to the end we might therby be led vnto an higher hope, and that we also learne to receue the benefites of God in such sort in this world, as that we be persuaded we shal be satis [...]ied with them, when we shalbe come into his kingdome, where we shall enioy them in all fulnesse and plentie.

Now let vs cast our selues downe before the face of our good God, with acknowledgement of our faults, praying him to make vs feele them better than we haue done, vntill we be sed to a true repentance, and that more and more feeling our owne wretchednesse, wee may learne to resist all the affections of our flesh, and all our wicked and peruerse desires, and not this only, but that cursed presumption which is in vs, of attempting to do that which we thinke good: that nothing may hinder vs to followe the pure and simple worde of our GOD, knowing that this is the true and perfect rule to order vs by, that wee attempt to adde nothing thereto, but simply rest in that which is therein conteined, to profite more and more therein, vntill that hauing atchieued and ended our course here on earth, wee come vnto that heauenlie rest, wherevnto he calleth vs: and in the meane time pray we him to reach vs out his hand to stay vs, when we shall seeke vnto him, and call on him, in all our needes and necessities. That it will please him to graunt this grace, not onely to vs, but vnto all people and nations of the earth, &c.

The. 16. Sermon.

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Deut. Chap. 6.

1 These are the commaundementes, ordinaunces, and lawes, which the Lord your God hath commaunded me to teach you, that ye might do them in the lande whither ye goe to possesse it.

2 That thou mightest feare the Lorde thy God, by keeping all the dayes of thy life, thou, thy sonne, and thy sonnes sonne, all his ordinaunces and commaundementes, which I commaund thee, that thy dayes may be prolonged.

WE haue often heretofore sene, how Moses did put the people in minde of the things conteined in the law: & euen yesterday we sawe how to the same purpose he made mention of them, & yet againe in this place he doth the like. Howbeit, this is no needlesse or vnprofitable repetition, seing that men haue so soone forgot the things they learne in the schoole of God, except the memorie of them, for their better remembrance, be often refreshed. And we see there needeth nothing to turne vs aside from our duetie herein: for we are so much inclined vnto vanitie, that there is nothing more harder than to reteine vs vnder the obedience of God. As soone as we haue conceiued a fantasie, it carieth vs away headlong, and we remember no more what God had said vnto vs. Moreouer, because he seeketh no other thing than to winne vs vnto himself, he must roote out of vs those false opinions wherewith wee are alreadie forepossessed. For it is with vs as with a ground which hath lien fallowe a long time, whereon a man must bestowe exceeding great labour, before he can applie it to some profitable vse. And that is the cause why Moses saith againe, That these are the commaundements, and ordinaunces, and lawes, which the Lord hath committed vnto him, that hee deliuer them vnto the people, and that they bee obserued. [Page] Now by these woordes he signifieth, that God will reteine the people in his obedience: when hee semeth to say, What meane ye, ye wretched ones to wander? Loe, I deliuer vnto you my lawe: when you shall holde your selues in this doctrine you can not erre: this is the way of saluation, therefore keepe your selues in it. Nowe for all this men are still wandering, they are borne away headlong hither & thither, and God continueth to raine them with the bridle: as when an headstrong horse is hardlie ruled, the rider restraineth him backe with bitte and bridle, not for one time onely, but so long as he continueth wild and vntamed. Yee see then how God vseth the same order with his people. And hereby he sheweth, that the minde of man is full of rebellion, or full of lightnesse and rashnesse, and that he can not wholie rest him selfe on the woord of God, wherein notwithstanding our whole saluation and happinesse consisteth. Seeing then it is so, let vs note, that vnder the person of the people of Israel, we are here warned, that when God hath set before vs his worde, wee must not thinke on it for one day onely, but that we ought to exercise our selues therein all the time of our life. And when wee heare this, Beholde the statutes, Beholde the ordinaunces, Beholde the commaundementes, which I propose vnto you, we must remember, that it is not for vs to establish lawes and rules to gouerne our life by, but that this authoritie apperteineth onely vnto God. Moreouer he hath also admonished vs, that he hath shewed vs the right way. Let vs therefore followe it, and walke therein, let vs not make further inquirie what wee ought to doe: for there remaineth no doubting when our Lord hath once spoken: wee must no longer alledge, I know not whether this bee good, I knowe not whether somewhat else bee to bee added. Content wee our selues with that which God hath shewed vs: for he shall alwayes bee a good maister to teach vs, if so bee wee bee not peruerse, and euill scholers to learne vnder him. And for this cause here is againe mention made of commaundementes, statutes, and ordinaunces, that we might not thinke that God woulde instruct vs by halfes. There is then in his lawe comprised a full perfection of all wisedome: so that there resteth nothing, but that wee yeald obedience therevnto, that wee bee not so curious, as to desire more than God sheweth vs, that we haue no foolish deuotions, which leade vs wandering hither and thither: knowing that God hath not enuied them which were vnder his charge the knowledge of any thing behouefull for them, but hath taught them all that which was [Page] profitable and necessarie for them. Let vs therfore gouerne our selues according vnto his will, let vs applie all our senses thereto, let his lawe suffice and content vs, albeit the whole world scorne and reiect vs, the matter shall not much skill, wee haue our Iudge. And so, although the world wander after vaine fantasies, although euerie one forge vnto him selfe, that which seemeth him best, let vs alwayes consider of appearing before the tribunall seate of our God, and that vnto him we must render our account. Now he hath deliuered vs his lawe, and by that he will iudge vs. And therefore let vs leaue all that the world imagineth, & know that all is but vanitie and lying. Withall Moses addeth that concerning his office he hath deliuered nothing of his owne. And this protestation is well worthie to bee noted. For wee must remember what hath bene before said, that Moses was the most excellent prophet that euer God raised, & yet notwithstanding he taketh to him selfe in this place no such libertie, as to teach any thing according to his owne iudgement. For he knew well that he himselfe was a mortall man, subiect to the lawe, as were others. Behold why he protesteth that that which he bringeth, is that which he hath receued from God, and that he dispenseth and deliuereth it as it were from hand to hande. Sithence Moses doth this, who will dare to say, that it is lawfull for him to passe further? And yet we see what is happened herein. For among the whole rable of Papists, is there any so giuen to heare what God shall say, as to preferre his word before the doctrine of men? Nay: But they haue their holy mother the Church, as they terme it, they haue their determinations, their decrees, their statutes: and they thinke it sufficient to haue this couerture of the Church, and in the meane time, they robbe God of his authoritie, to cloth men which are but rottenesse therewith. Behold an intollerable sacrilege, when God shall no longer be a Lawegeuer to conduct his people, and to holde them vnder his yoke, but that men will vsurpe and challenge to them selues such an authoritie. So much the more heedfullie ought wee to obserue that which is here conteined: namelie, that Moses albeit he was as an Angel of heauen, although God had exalted him aboue all men, though he had bene in the mount fortie dayes without eating or drinking any thing, to shewe that he was no longer of the number of others: yet nothwitstanding, when he came from this heauenlie glorie, and as it were from the companie of Angels, he humbleth [Page] himselfe, and declareth that he commendeth vnto the people nothing of his owne, that he will not feede them with fansies and dreames of his owne head: but that hee is contented to haue heard what GOD hath pronounced, and that he reciteth it as a faithfull seruaunt, which addeth nothing thereto, which falsifieth not the commission which is geuen vnto him. Ye see then what we haue againe to beare in mind upon this place. There followeth now the exhortation which he addeth, that is, That the people discharge themselues in keeping of the lawe. As if he said, That it is not geuen for men only to confesse, that all that it conteineth is good, & iust, and of great equitie: but to this ende also, that men shewe whether they be obedient vnto God, or no. And that is the cause why he saith, That thou feare the Lorde thy God, and that thou keepe his commaundementes and statutes. Vnder this worde of feare, he signifieth that God, by declaring his lawe, meant to make a proofe whether we will serue him, or no. For albeit we obserue all the commaundementes, in such sort that men can find no fault with vs: yet if this feare of God bee not rooted in our heart, if we beare him not this reuerence, to desire to bee his, all the time of our life, this outward obseruing of his commaundementes, shall be but a friuosous shewe, and a pompe of great vanitie. For wee must not thinke that God is contented with that which outwardlie appeareth: although it be highlie priced and esteemed of men, yet is it but as a vapour of smoke before him.

We ought therefore to beginne at this point, if wee will obserue the lawe of God duelie, and in such sort, as our life may be agreable vnto God: namelie, that we beare him all reuerence, that wee seeke to be vnder his hande, vnder his guide and direction, that we seeke to doe him homage as our souereigne King, we seeke to dedicate our selues vnto him, as to our Creator, we seeke to honour him as our Father. When this affection and desire shall bee in vs, then haue we the beginning of the whole lawe, and of all righteousnesse: & that is the cause why it is said,Prou. 1. 7. That the true wisdome is the feare of GOD. And when wee will knowe whether wee haue profited in the lawe of GOD, we must sounde our heartes to make the triall hereof, to feele if wee haue such a zeale and desire, that GOD bee honoured and glorified of vs. For if there bee such a feare in the heart, the fruites thereof will appeare, both in our handes, and in our feete, and in all the partes and members of our bodie: [Page] as God hath also ordeined this rule when he published his lawe. So that they which boast themselues of the feare of God, when their life is losed to all wickednesse, their owne tongues tell them they lie, and they shew full well, howe impudent and past shame they are, when they vaunt so much of the feare of God. Wee see then a place, which is well worthie to bee obserued: wherin Moses first declareth, that to serue God aright, it behoueth that our heartes bee wholie giuen ouer vnto him, that it sufficeth not, that in outwarde appearance wee haue all the vertues that a man might imagine, except such an affection, and inward desire of the hearte goe before. Againe, that the feare of God is no hidden and idle thing, although it bee in the heart of men, yet must it appeare and shew it selfe in their life. For it is the heart, whiche gouerneth both the handes, and the feete, and all the other partes, and members of the bodie. We must therefore learne to shew by effect and experience, that wee feare God, by ordering our whole life according vnto his will. Now hereby wee may well gather, that God disalloweth althings which men attempt beside his woord: as the Papistes are continuall men and religious (as they say) in the seruice of God: but in the meane time, what doe they? They trauell much, and are neuer the neere: for they profite nothing, because in the whole woorshippe of God, which they pretend, there is nothing, but the inuentions and deuises of men. To serue God, is to mumble a fewe small prayers, and to crouch before their moppets and idols, to trudge from altar to altar, to chaunt their Masses, to gad on pilgrimage, to fast such a day in the honor of such and such a Saint, to eate no flesh on Fridayes nor Saturdayes: brieflie, it is nothing else, but a dongeon of such like trumperies, whatsoeuer they haue vnder this shadowe and title of the seruice of God. But shall one finde that God euer sounded one woord or syllable hereof? No, all this hath bene deuised by men. Let vs now consider by this place, whether God accepteth such a seruice as good and lawfull: nay contrariwise, he saith, That thou feare the Lord thy God, & that thou obserue all his commaundements. But when men turne themselues aside from such a way, and followe their owne fantasies, and whatsoeuer shall haue bene forged by men, they sufficientlie declare, that there is no feare of GOD in them: for otherwise they would offer vnto him the sacrifice which he aboue all other preferreth: namelie,1. Sa. 1 [...]. 23. obedience, as hereof it is entreated in the first booke of Samuel [Page] the fifteenth Chapter, That if men hearken not vnto the voyce of God, to subiect them selues thereto, but contrariwise followe that which shall haue bene inuented in their owne braine, or forged and deuised by men, it is as idolatrie: yea, as the sinne of witchcraft, which is detestable in the sight of God. Behold, how theholie Ghost speaketh hereof, although mortall men are of a cleane contrarie iudgement. Now therefore we see how Moses hath here declared, that when we shall vnfeignedlie and in deede feare God, we will doe him this honour, to be gouerned according vnto his will, wee will not graunt men this leaue to leade and conduct vs whither it seemeth them good: but when GOD shall speake, we will knowe that euerie mouth must be stopped, & that our eares must be opened to heare and to receiue whatsoeuer he shall say vnto vs. But yet it sufficeth not that euerie one for his owne part onelie employ him selfe to serue and honour God, but we must procure and endeuour as much as in vs lieth, that he be adored and worshipped of the whole world: yea, we must labour that his seruice may endure and continue after our death, that the name of GOD liue not and die with vs, when wee shall be taken out of the world: but that it remaine and abide vnto all posteritie. And loe what is the cause why Moses saith, Their children and those which shall issue from their race, shall continue to serue God, and too bserue his lawe.

Let vs therefore diligentlie note, that Moses in this place not onelie exhorteth euerie one for his owne time to serue and obey GOD, by conforming his life vnto the lawe whiche hee hath deliuered, but he will that fathers bestowe all their paines to instruct their children, that we may leaue such a seede after vs, if it be possible, as that God be worshipped of our posteritie, that his name be alwayes purelie and sincerelie called vpon, & that by this meane, they which shalbe descended from our loynes, may be blessed, and that the couenant of God wherein our saluation is conteined, endure for euer, and neuer perish, albeit we are mertall and of small continuance. But we are so farre from discharging our dutie in this doctrine, that we may see fathers giue such examples vnto their children, that it seemeth they haue conspired to abolish and to take cleane away the feare of God, and the whole obseruation of his lawe. We ought not therefore to maruell, if GOD also withdrawe him selfe from vs, and that it seemeth that hee will cut off quite all the benefites and [Page] blessinges which hee had bestowed on vs. For are we worthie vnto whom he should continue them, seeing we are so retchlesse and negligent to procure that his seruice and worship may continue in his entire and perfect estate? And yet this should serue vs to so good a purpose (as I haue said) that it be not spoken in vaine. Let vs therefore labour with all our might, to teach those which shall come after vs, in such sorte, that the worship of GOD, and his seruice, may continue for euer, and that men alwayes knowe and acknowledge him for the Father and Sauiour of all the worlde, and giue themselues ouer fullie and wholie vnto him. Withall Moses hath adioyned that whereof he had before spoken, that this is, To the end that their dayes may bee prolonged, and that GOD may make the people to prosper, according to the promise which hee made vnto their fathers, that he would geue them a land flowing with milke & honie. We haue alreadie expounded what Moses hath vnderstood by this worde: namelie, that God, albeit by one word he may constraine vs to serue him, notwithstanding vseth towardes vs a most milde and amiable manner to winne vs to himselfe, when he promiseth vs a reward, when wee shall haue serued him: not that our woorkes deserue any thing, or that he is any thing at all bound vnto vs. But when he gratifieth vs so, and is in such wise beneficiall towards vs, it is to this end, that wee may bee so much the more liuelie touched, & that we may serue him with a more ardent zeale & desire. For shall wee not bee ouer wicked and vnthankfull, when wee heare that God of his owne good will bindeth him selfe vnto vs, and that he will propose vnto vs a reward and recompense: shall wee not I say bee ouer wicked and vnthankfull, if wee applie not our selues wholie vnto his seruice? We are his, and whatsoeuer we are able to doe, we owe vnto him: as our Lord Iesus Christ speaketh plainlie hereof: Who are you? saith he. I demande of you, when a man shall haue a seruant: yea, a slaue, whom he shall burden and presse as an oxe, or an horse, whether if this slaue haue done him any seruice, he will rise from the table to serue him, when he returneth from his worke? No: for all that which the bondslaue doth, he oweth of dutie to his maister and superiour. So you owe all vnto God (saith Iesus Christ) & he oweth you nothing. But yet God of his owne free good will bindeth him selfe to promise vs, if we serue him,Luc. 17. 7. we shalbe well recompensed, and perceiue our labour & paine shall not bee lost. [Page] And for what end and purpose doth he this? This is euen by gentlenesse to breake our heart. For (as I haue alreadie said) wee are to to wicked, if wee bee not altogether inflamed to serue GOD, when wee see that it pleaseth him, of his meere goodnesse, to propose vnto vs a reward, and to promise vs a recompense, when wee are in no respect worthie thereof. And withall let vs also note, that when God shall haue passed a thousand contractes with vs, to reward and recompense our woorkes, it wanteth so much that wee may say, he oweth vs any thing, that he might rather accurse and detest vs. For who is he among vs, which obserueth the lawe as were requisite? If wee obserue one article thereof, wee faile in an hundred, and when we thinke to fulfill that which God hath cōmanded vs in his lawe, we falter therein, wee traile our legges after vs, there is alwayes such great imperfection and weakenesse in vs: that wee can neuer runne in such wise as wee ought, and as it were requisite. Wee shall then bee accursed and condemned, when God shall iudge vs in any rigor and seueritie. So then, men must not here vaunt them selues of obteining any reward which they haue merited, nor boast of their workes: but rather let them knowe, that all the promises which God hath giuen in his lawe, import with them a condition, and therefore shoulde bee vnprofitable vnto vs, by reason that none discharge them selues of their dutie, except God would accept of vs, and beare with vs for his meere bountie and goodnesse. And hereby wee see what rage and madnesse this is in the Papistes, when they boast themselues of their merites, that it seemeth them, they haue to contracte and couenaunt with God, and they so venturoustie vpon a diuelish ouerweening and boldnesse, make their account, that they thinke God is verie much bound and beholding vnto them. But what proofes haue they of their satisfactions, their woorkes, their me [...]es? And where shall a man finde those merites? O, we haue done (say they this) and that: no remedie, but wee must make vp our accountes with God. And behold on the contrarie side God, who requireth that wee serue him in all, and through all, which wee are neuer able to doe, as wee haue seene heretofore, and as it is sufficientlie handled and declared in many other places. Nowe let all the worlde examine them selues, to see, whether there may herein be found one which hath accomplished the lawe. But so farre we shalbe from finding any such, that there is not one which may protest, that he hath done the hundred part of that [Page] which is in the lawe required. Therefore all must confesse that they are accursed. Yea, in this so small portion, and so little as may be, wherein men acquite them selues, shall bee alwayes founde some wickednesse, and some blottes or other. So then, GOD shall iustly reiect and haue in detestation all that we bring, and are able to doe. Let men therefore bee ouerwhelmed and confounded with shame, and let them confesse that they are all culpable & guiltie before God. Wherefore let vs note, that this promise cannot be accomplished, but that God beareth with vs, and respecteth not so manie vices and infirmities as are in vs, but by his mercie hideth and burieth them. Therefore our workes are then receiued and approued by God, when he respecteth not what they are, but accepteth them, through the vertue of the death and passion of our Lorde Iesus Christ, as good and holie. And albeit there be alwayes many blots and staines in vs: yea, much stinking corruption, except it should be washed away by the bloud of Iesus Christ: yet hee alwayes accepteth vs by the meanes thereof, and no otherwise. So, let vs learne to boast our selues, and glorifie in the meere and only mercie of God, and not vaunt vs of anie merites. And in the meane time let vs not cease to be incited and stirred vp with so much greater zeale to serue him, when we see that hee will allure and winne vs vnto him selfe by such mildnesse and gentlenesse. Yea Moses sheweth, that whatsoeuer God promiseth vnto his people, when they shall obserue his law, procedeth from this fountaine, rather than from anie obligation. And this is that which he saith, As God hath promised to thy fathers: as if he said, Beloued, serue God, and he shall be a good maister vnto you. And thinke not that you haue lost your time & labour when you shall haue obserued his law: for you shall haue a large reward, which is made readie for you. But withall consider ye whence it proceedeth: Behold the fountaine (saith hee:) that is, that before ye were borne and brought into this worlde, God hath promised your fathers to bring them into a land which floweth with milke and honie. Moses thus leading the people vnto this promise which had beene made vnto the Patriarches, sheweth sufficiently that God maketh no new promise, but that he ratifieth and confirmeth that which hee had said. And why? Is it that he was bound to them which were not yet born? No: but because he had loued their fathers, as he hath aboue said. It is true, that Moses now sheweth, that the people was partaker of such a promise, if so be they should obserue the lawe of God. [Page] But what? We must yet alwayes come to this point, that men are vtterly confounded, if they will oppose themselues against GOD, alledging anie dignitie or worthinesse of their owne, and that they shall alwayes remaine in their condemnation, they shall finde that they are all accursed. It behoueth therefore that they haue their onely refuge vnto the mercie of GOD: and that they knowe, that when they shall haue forced them selues to walke according vnto his lawe, that God shall owe them nothing, albeit he will not leaue to accomplish that which he hath promised them, euen by his meere goodnesse and free mercie. Loe then howe this place ought to bee vnderstoode. Nowe seeing he in this place speaketh of the land promised vnto the Iewes, let vs note, that at this day we ought to be by manie degrees more incited and prouoked to serue GOD, seeing hee hath dedicated the whole earth vnto himselfe, and will that his name be called on throughout all the worlde. For the bloud which our Lorde Iesus Christ hath shedde, hath sanctified all the world, which was then as it were in all filth and pollution. For we knowe there was no lande but this which GOD had reserued vnto himselfe, and wherein hee woulde beare rule vntill the comming of his Sonne. But when our Lorde Iesus Christ appeared, he then obteined possession of the whole worlde, and his kingdome was extended from one end vnto an other, and especially nowe, when the Gospell hath beene published. Sithence then it is so, let vs diligently note, that we are at this day much more streightly bounde vnto the seruice and worship of GOD, for as much as by the precious bloud of his Sonne, he hath consecrated and made holie the whole earth, to the end wee may dwell and be lodged therein, and that we may liue vnder his kingdome. And therefore, as we will that he haue vs vnder his safegard and protection, so let vs beware that wee yeeld vp our selues wholie vnto him. But because men are alwayes so fickle and wauering, that (as I haue alreadie saide) no bridles are sufficient to raine them to obedience, Moses confirmeth all the doctrine hee hath in this place pronounced, by saying: Heare therefore, O Israel, the Lorde thy GOD is one GOD. He had saide before, Hearken: he had said, Take yee heede: he had said, That they must obserue the lawe. But here he confirmeth his whole matter much more better, when hee saith so expressely, That the GOD of Israel is one GOD, For by [Page] this, his meaning is to exclude all the gods which the worlde forgeth, and he will shewe that it is not lawfull for them to conceiue anie thing after their owne fansie, but that only which we holde by the worde of God. Therfore when the God of Israel is called One God, it is as much as if Moses did make comparison betweene the God which published his lawe, as before he was manifested vnto his seruant Abraham, and to the other Patriarchs, & would oppose him against all the gods which the world imagined. As God in all times hath bene called vpon, this name hath bene common among the Painims. But what? The Painims haue so wandered, that albeit euery one hath saide, I adore and worship God: yet what was this but their owne dreames and fantasies? For when men take vpon them to worshippe God, when they haue no knowledge of him, there is no doubt, but they worshippe idols. The Turkes at this day will say that they worship God, Creator of the heauens and of the earth: but this is but an idol which they worshippe. And how so? They name him Creator of the heauens and of the earth, they haue no images. It is true. But yet haue they but an idol in stead of God, because they will not receiue our Lorde Iesus Christ who is the liuelie image of God his Father. And we knowe what Saint Iohn saieth,Heb. 1. 3. 1, Iohn. 2. 23. that he which denieth the Sonne, he denieth the Father. Therefore they haue not God, but an idol. As much is to be saide of the Iewes. The Iewes will brag much that they haue the law, and that they worship the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Iacob: but what? They are Apostataes, they haue renounced the lawe of God, when they haue reiceted and refused Iesus Christ, who is the soule of the lawe. It is he by whom God the father will manifest and open himselfe vnto vs: it is he in whom hee will be worshipped.Psal. 2. 12. And againe he saieth,Iohn. 5. 23. Risse the Sonne whom I haue sent you. And againe: Who so honoureth not the Sonne, the same honoureth not the Father which hath sent him. Let vs therefore diligently note, that Moses would in this place make comparison betweene the GOD which hath declared himselfe in his worde, and all the gods which are renowned throughout the whole worlde, shewing that all that is beside him, is nothing but apishnesse, and meere vanitie, and lying. And why? For we cannot worship God aright, except we haue first knowne him. And wee must alwayes to this purpose remember that which Iesus Christ said vnto the woman of Samaria: [Page] ye knowe not what ye worship.Iohn. 4. 22. When Iesus Christ vseth this word, he doth as it were spit at all those seruices and worshippings which were then established. There was no nation which vaunted not of seruing God: and Iesus Christ reiecteth all that which men thought to be good and holie. Ye knowe not (saith he) what ye worship. Hee sheweth hereby, that it is req [...]isite and needefull there be made some manifest declaration of God: we must not walke here at all aduentures, but we must be assured what the God is whom wee serue and worship. Now seeing God must be knowne of vs to be rightly serued and worshipped, let vs consider whence this knowledge shall come and arise. Shall it grow in our owne garden, as we say? Shall we obteine it by our owne labour and industrie? Shall it bee lawfull for euerie one to thinke what shall seeme good vnto him, to say: I haue knowne God? No, no: but GOD must declare and shew himselfe, hee must approche and come neere vnto vs. And so the onely meane to knowe GOD aright is this, that wee bee taught and instructed in his woorde. And loe why he saith, The Lord thy GOD. For this people had receiued the lawe: and againe, the couenaunt had bene made with their fathers, GOD had separated this flocke from the rest of the whole worlde. It is not then without cause, that Moses here leadeth the people to the knowledge of God, to the end they estraunge and keepe themselues from all the superstitions of the Painims, that they haue nothing common with the vnfaithfull ones: but that they know, that wheras God hath manifested himselfe so familiarly vnto them, they haue a most certeine and infallible truth. Now if this hath bene saide of the time of the lawe, it agreeth much better vnto vs. For albeit God hath giuen a sufficient admonition vnto the Iewes, that they bee not mingled among the pollusions of the Painims in their idolatries: yet haue wee at this day a much more brighter clearenesse, since the appearing of our Lorde Iesus Christ, who is the liuelie image of GOD his Father, as wee haue saide. And wee may well agree vnto that which is written in the first of Saint Iohn, None hath seene GOD at anie time:Iohn. 1. 18. but the Sonne, which hath alwayes bene in the bosome of the Father, hath reuealed him vnto vs. The auncient Fathers haue had a knowledge (as we haue said:) but this knowledge is accounted as none, in respect of that which we haue at this day by the Gospel. Since the Sunne of righteousnes shineth on vs, behold God [Page] sheweth him selfe most familiar vnto vs. And loe why the Prophet Esaie,Esaie. 25. 9. when he entreateth of the redemption which was to be made in the person of the sonne of God: Behold him, beholde him, this is our GOD, this is our Lord, saieth he. The Prophete crieth out, This is, this is our God. He is not contented to say in one worde, Beholde our GOD, but hee speaketh as if the thing had bene present, and that GOD should then appeare. And howe is this said? Was not God in the middest of his people?Exod. 29. 4 [...]. For hee saide, I will dwell in the middest of you.Psal. 132. 14. And againe, Beholde my rest: Sion is the place of my habitation. And againe, he protesteth, that hee will neuer depart thence, that the people is his temple, that they are his royall priesthoode. Why then is it that the Prophet Esaie saieth, Behold him, behold him, saith our God: This is he, this is he, when our Lorde Iesus should come into the world? This is, because God reuealeth him selfe vnto vs in greater perfection. There remaineth therefore lesse excuse for vs, if wee at this day wander, and holde not our selues to the pure trueth, but that enerie one turne after his dreames, to say, It seemeth me so, beholde what I finde to bee good. Knowe we, that all this is nothing, & that wee must returne to that certeintie of trueth which hath bene brought vnto vs by our Lorde Iesus Christ. But the worlde is so farre from knowing of this, that it seemeth all haue desired to despite and anger GOD, that they haue deuised howe to turne their backe vnto him, that they haue laboured to reiect and lay aside all subiection, that they might haue leaue to remaine in their enormities and vurulie demeanours, and that their wickednesse in the meane time might not bee perceiued. The Iewes are vnexcusable, as wee see howe the Prophetes reproche them, that they haue wittinglie abandoned and put away GOD, and that they can not excuse them selues, as the wretched Painims, saying, That they haue heard nothing: for GOD protesteth, that he hath not spoken in vaine. But nowe at this day, when GOD speaketh vnto vs with full mouth, and that we haue so perfect a reuelation in his Gospell, is not this an ouer great wickednesse, that men yet wander and goe so astraie? Were there euer more foolish and fond superstitions, or more outragious and enormous than those which are at this day to bee seene in Poperie? I graunt, the Iewes mingled them selues among the superstitions of the Painims, that they defiled them selues ouer much with their silthes [Page] and pollutions: but when all shalbe well sifted and examined, wee shall finde that the Papistes haue surmounted and exceeded them herein by manie degrees: for the word of God at this day is as it were buried among them. When mention shalbe made of faith, the articles shalbe drawen from out of the forge of men, the holie Scripture shalbe of no more force, than as if it were dead, and vtterlie brought to ruine. Loe howe they behaue them selues herein, and when question is of the seruice of GOD, they wander (as we haue alreadie said) after their owne inuentions, and loe, My meaning is good, will they say, and they thinke God will suffer him selfe to bee ruled as a litle childe, and that he will neuer come to examine all the doctrine of Poperie. Againe, if men speake of faith, is there anie talke of the free promises of GOD? No, but they attribute all to them selues. When they will speake of the office of Iesus Christ, they ouerthrowe the vertue of his death and passion, as much as in them lieth. When anie question is to be handled of their saluation, then will they come in with their free will, their merites, and satisfactions. But we ought contrariwise to returne to the meere and onelie grace of the holie Ghost, confessing that we are in bondage and seruitude of sinne, but that we are thence deliuered by the mercie and goodnesse of God. And here hence cōmeth it, that the holy scripture calleth the remission and forgiuenesse of sinnes our righteousnesse. We must therefore come vnto this point, and also knowe, that if we haue failed in our duetie, we can not bring anie other payment or satisfaction, than that which we borrowe of the death and passion of our Lord Iesus Christ. Of all this there is nothing to be found in Poperie: If question be of calling vpon GOD, they will make their vagaries vnto their he Saintes and shee Saintes: and Iesus Christ in the meane time shall not be knowen such a one as he is, nor clothed with the office which hath bene giuen him of God his Father. But the Papistes degrade him as sacrilegious and false traiterous villaines, which seeke nothing els but to burie altogether, and toset forth to open prey all the glorie and dignitie which God his Father hath giuen him. As much may be said of all their seruice and religion. We see howe the Sacramentes are polluted and defiled among them. In place of the holie supper of our Lord Iesus Christ, there is substituted this infernall and diuelish abhomination, of the Masse, [...] 24. wherin they say, That Iesus Christ is sacrificed, as if he him [Page] selfe had done nothing, as if he were not established the onlie & perpetuall priest by God his father. So then we see howe the Papistes make a mockerie of the word of God, wherein hee hath reuealed him self, that it seemeth, that of set & deliberate purpose they would deface & put out the knowledge of him which is in the Gospell. And therfore we must more hee) fullie note this word, That the Lord is God: yea, one God onlie. And so alwayes & as often as this worde of God shall come in place, let vs knowe that it is to cut off all that shall come into our braine, all that which men shall haue forged & deuised, and which we are not taught by the holy scripture: for God wil be in such sort considered of vs, that we be not wrapped & entangled in the fantasies & errours of idolaters. And in verie deed, wee can not haue the true God, except we haue him alone, that is, that we ioyne with him no companion: for assoone as we come in wt our litle halfe gods, we renounce the liuing God. And why? For he will be alone, as he pronounceth by the Prophet Esaie in another place, I am the euerliuing, saith the Lord,Esaie. 42. 8. I will not giue my glorie vnto another. And again, we haue seene before that he nameth him selfe, A gealous God. And for what other cause, than for this, to withdrawe vs from all corruptions? As S. Paul speaketh in the 2. to the Corinth. For assoone as we are turned from the simplicitie of the word of God, it is as if a woman should hearken vnto a Bawd which shall come to whisper in her eare. Lowe are forthwith corrupted, & so we play the wicked fornicators against God, when we falsifie the faith which we haue promised him in baptisme: we reiect & cast aside his law, we violate and profane all religion, when we decline the least that may be from his pure & sincere doctrine. Let vs therfore beare in mind alwayes & as oftē as mention is made of this word (God,) that we know that God must be alone: & therfore when we shall haue accompanied him with creatures, he casteth vs off as Apostataes, & as people which are not worthie to haue to doe with him, because wee would not yeelde vnto him the honour which hee deserueth: namelie, that he should be the Lorde, but shall haue profaned his name by making it common vnto creatures, or communicating of it with our dreames. But withall, let vs note, that it is not inough that we reserue vnto the liuing GOD the title of one woorde, but we must take heede that whatsoeuer apperteineth vnto him, remaine and abide vnto him in his entire and perfecte estate. As howe? He meaneth not only to be called [Page] God, but to be acknowledged Almightie, to be acknowledged our Father and Sauiour, to be knowen for him which hath authoritie to gouerne vs, for him in whom we ought to repose our whole trust and confidence, for him whom we ought to inuocate and call vpon. Loe, the chiefe and principall things we ought to thinke and meditate vpon, when question is of honouring one onelie God. I graunt the Papistes will still say, That S. Michael, and S. William, and such others are not their goddes: but yet for all this they worship them: yea, their images and pictures: although they thinke to escape by this shifte, that the images are not the Saintes they pray vnto, but onelie their remembrances to represent them, and yet is this against the expresse commandement of God. And againe, they knowe not howe GOD will be worshipped, when they so mingle him among their idols of wood and of stone, by the which they thinke to represent their Saintes. It is true, they vse words them selues vnderstand not, of Dulia, and Latria, when they say they serue their moppets, that they beare reuerence vnto God. For loe, what they vnderstand by these wordes. But truelie God is much beholding vnto them, when they declare they honour him onelie, and that withall they serue their idols. Againe, to call vppon God, is it not an holie and sacred thing? For this is the true seruice which he requireth, as it is said in the fiftie Psalme. So we see, that the worlde ouer impudentlie mocketh God,Psal. 50. 14. 15. 23. when men so wickedlie corrupt and depraue his whole seruice and worship. And knowe we that this is a thing most detestable, when men so wander and leade them selues astray, after they haue had so cleare and so plaine a reuelation of God, and his will, as is conteined in the Gospell. And with so much the greater heedfulnesse must we rest and staie our selues on this doctrine, knowing that our Lorde will, that we hang and depend wholie on him, and that there he an inuiolable vnion betweene him and vs. And this shall then be, when we shalbe withhelde simplie within the borders and limites of his word, when we shall yeelde no accesse vnto the inuentions of men, when we shall not leaue our minde to wander: but that after we shall haue heard what is conteined in the holie Scripture, we shalbe prest and readie to say Amen thereto, not onelie with our mouth, but that our faith shalbe slayed and fastened on that which proceedeth from the mouth of God.

[Page] [...] with acknowledgement of our faults, praying him to make vs feele them better than wee haue done, and that more and more wee may knowe how farre and wherein wee are bound vnto him, and that wee thinke not rashlie to acquite our selues towardes him, but that wee tend altogether to him, and to his seruice, that wee haue no other studie nor desire, but to obserue his holie lawe. And seeing we are yet so farre from it, as any thing may bee, seeing we falter so much and linger in the midde way, hauing the onely refuge to the remission of our sinnes, pray wee that it will please him to receiue vs vnto mercie, and to beare with vs so farre, as to continue to conduct and to gouerne vs by his hole spirite, albeit we deserue to be wholie reiected of him. And withall also pray wee, that it will please him so to open our eyes, that beholding the brightnesse of our Lord Iesus Christ, we may be altogether rauished thereby, and constrained to renounce the thinges of this worlde, with the iustes, and affections of the fleshe. which carrie vs headlong to all wickednesse: in such sort, that wee haue none other desire, but to humble our selues vnder him, to the end that beeing beaten downe in our selues, he may raise vs vp againe to himselfe, by his woord, attending vntill it please him to change and transfigure vs into his owne image and likenesse, in the latter day. That it will please him to graunt this grace, not onely to vs, but vnto all people and nations of the earth, &c.

[Page] the Lawe.

Matth. 22.

35 One of them, a Doctor of the Lawe, asked him a question, tempting him, and saying:

36 Maister, which is the great commaundement of the Lawe?

37 Iesus said to him, Thou shalt loue the Lord thy God, with all thine heart, and with all thy soule, and with all thy minde.

38 This is the first and the great commaundement:

39 And the second is like vnto this, Thou shalt loue thy neighbour as thy selfe.

40 On these two commaundementes hangeth the whole Lawe and the Prophetes.

God bee praised.

FINIS.

§

§

[Page]

Imprinted at London, at the three Cranes of the Ʋinetree, by Thomas Dawson, for Iohn Harison. Anno. 1579.

Information about this book

Title statement

Sermons of M. Iohn Caluine, vpon the.X.Commandementes of the Lawe, geuen of God by Moses, otherwise called the Decalogue. Gathered word for word, presently at his sermons, when he preached on Deuteronomie, without adding vnto, or diminishing from them any thing afterward. Translated out of Frenche into English, by I.H.Sermons sur les Dix commandemens. English

Calvin, Jean, 1509-1564.

Edition statement

1579

Publication

Publisher

Text Creation Partnership,

Place of publication

Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :

Date

2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A17717

ID [STC]

STC 4452

ID [STC]

ESTC S118603

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

99853810

ID [PROQUEST]

99853810

ID [VID]

19208

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Early English books online.

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(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A17717)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 19208)

Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 416:03)

Source

— Sermons of M. Iohn Caluine, vpon the.X.Commandementes of the Lawe, geuen of God by Moses, otherwise called the Decalogue. Gathered word for word, presently at his sermons, when he preached on Deuteronomie, without adding vnto, or diminishing from them any thing afterward. Translated out of Frenche into English, by I.H., Sermons sur les Dix commandemens. English, Calvin, Jean, 1509-1564., Harmar, John, 1555?-1613..

Extent

[3], 125, [1] leaves

[By Thomas Dawson] for Iohn Harison,. Imprinted at London :: 1579.. (I.H. = John Harmar.) (A translation of: Sermons sur les Dix commandemens.) (Printer's name from STC.) (Running title reads: Maister Iohn Caluine, vpon the commandementes, &c.) (One of three variants of this edition with title page date 1579 and varying vendors.) (Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library.)

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