A newe booke entituled the gouernement of healthe wherein is vttered manye notable rules for mannes preseruacion, with sondry symples and other matters, no lesse fruiteful then profitable: colect out of many approued authours. Reduced into the forme of a dialogue, for the better vnderstanding of thunlearned. Wherunto is added a sufferain regiment against the pestilence. By VVilliam Bulleyn. Government of health Bullein, William, d. 1576. 1558 Approx. 256 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 138 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-12 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A17162 STC 4039 ESTC S109502 99845149 99845149 10034

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Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A17162) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 10034) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 182:07) A newe booke entituled the gouernement of healthe wherein is vttered manye notable rules for mannes preseruacion, with sondry symples and other matters, no lesse fruiteful then profitable: colect out of many approued authours. Reduced into the forme of a dialogue, for the better vnderstanding of thunlearned. Wherunto is added a sufferain regiment against the pestilence. By VVilliam Bulleyn. Government of health Bullein, William, d. 1576. [12], 125 leaves : ill. By Iohn Day, dwellyng ouer Aldersgate beneth saint Martins., Imprinted at Londo[n] : [1558] Publication date from STC. "To the reader" dated 1 March 1558 on folio cxxv. Imperfect; lacks leaf A8. Reproduction of the original in the Library of Congress.

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eng Hygiene -- Early works to 1800. Medicine -- Early works to 1800. Materia medica -- Early works to 1800. 2005-06 Assigned for keying and markup 2005-07 Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-08 Sampled and proofread 2005-08 Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-10 Batch review (QC) and XML conversion

A newe booke Entituled the Gouernement of Healthe, wherein is vttered manye notable Rules for mannes preſeruacion, with ſondry ſymples and other matters, no leſſe fruiteful then profitable: colect out of many approued authours. Reduced into the forme of a Dialogue, for the better vnderſtanding of thunlearned. Wherunto is added a ſufferain Regiment againſt the peſtilence.

By VVilliam Bulleyn.

¶ Imprinted at Londō by Iohn Day, dwellyng ouer Alderſgate beneth ſaint Martins. Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum ſolum.

QVE TANT IE PVYS

T. H.

To the right vvorſhypfull Sir Thomas Hilton, Knyght, Baron of Hilton, and Captaine of the King and Quenes maieſties caſtell of Tinmoth. VVilliam Bulleyn, wiſheth encreaſe of worſhyp and health.

QVINTVS Curcius, ye famous wryter of the greate Battayles that Kyng Alexāder, the ſōne of Phillippe of Macedone, had againſt the mooſt noble, and ritch Kyng of the Medes and Perſians, called Darius (ryght worſhipfull ſir) declareth that when one Philippe the Phiſicion vnto the ſayde Kyng Alexander, and his moſte truſty ſubiecte. By ſodayne chaunce, the kyng fell ſore ſicke, to the great heauines of all his royall armie, at whiche tyme with al ſpeade, this phiſicion did prepare a medicine, moſte excellente for his ſoueraine Lorde, whome he ſo dearly loued, to this ende, that the great vertue therof might preuent his preſent ſickenes, & imenint daūger: but malicious ſpite, that wretched enemie whiche neuer ſlepeth but watcheth euer, to bringe vertue and good fame to deſtructiō Immediatly before this gentle Philip did preſente him ſelfe vnto the kyng with his medicine: Letters were ſent to king Alexander cō teining, that the ſaid Philip wa corrupted ſo with money from king Darius, that he hadde 〈◊〉 moſte deadly poyſon and vncurable venyme into Alexanders medicine. The king peruſing the letters, kept theim ſecrete vntyll he had dronke his medicine, and immediatly he toke his phiſicion by the hande, and deliuered hym the letters, that he might rede thē hauing in him ſo great cōfidence, that he did in no maner of caſe miſtruſte him. The cauſe why I haue alledged this moſt worthy prince kyng Alexāder, & his excellent phiſiciō Philip, is to declare the great truſte in the one, & the fidelitie in the other, not forgetting the ſhameles condicions of the flattryng Pariſites, whiche euer wrlketh with two faces in one hood, bearing fier in the one hande, and water in the other: ſowers of diſcorde, reapers of miſchief: which be alwaies enemies vnto the diſciples of Philippe, whoſe venemous ſtynges can not hurte them, which euer haue in ſtore the precious Iewel of pacience, and arme them ſelues to do good to euerye good man, for the preſeruation of their lyues, by the trewe rules of the gouerment of health, whiche here I am ſo bold to preſent vnto your worſhip. For where as there lacketh gouernement in a common wealth, the people dooe eftſones fall into ruyne. The ſhippes that lacketh good gouernaunce, oftē times be caſt awaie vpon ſandes and rockes. And therefore there is nothinge vnder heauen, that hath lyfe, but if it lacke good gouernemēt it wil quickly fal into vtter decaie. For like as the creature of all thinges, haue formed the bodies of al mē into the goodlieſt ſhapes of euery liuing thing that euer was, or euer ſhalbe: Euē ſo he hath ordeined for mā: herbes, frutes, rootes, ſeedes, plantes, gūmes, oyles, precious ſtones, beaſts, foules, fiſhes, for the preſeruation of health, to be moderatly vſed with diſcretion, whiche preſerueth the bodye in good eſtate, without whoſe vertues the bodies can not lyue, for they be the noryſhers of life. But miſuſing or abuſing them, bringeth to the body many diſeaſes, as rumes, catores, dropſies, impoſtumes, gowtes, flixes, opelations, vertigos, blyndnes, ruptures, franſies, with many moonoyſome diſeaſes, which cometh thorowe the corruptiō of meates and ill aire. For what auaileth ryches, honoures, coſtly buyldinges, faire apparell, with all the pompe of this worlde, and to be honoured of the people, and in the meane time to be eaten with wormes in the breaſte or in the belly, conſumed with agues, turmented with gowtes, ſorenes, boneache. &c. Well I thinke, an hole Codrus is better than a ſicke Mydas. Codrus. Midas. And ſeing that to poſſeſſe health is better then to gouerne golde, in ſo much that health maketh men more happier, ſtronger and quieter then all maner of riches, lacking health: as exāple. Great princes, noble mē, men of great ſubſtaunce, when they bee wrapped & encloſed with many & ſundry ſickeneſſes, and in dailye daungers of death, in their extreme paynes and paſſions, they do more greatly coueit one drope of health then a whole tunne of gold, criyng out for the helpe and counſeile of the phiſicion. Whom Ieſus Sirack, Cap. 38. in his godlie boke did counſell allwyſe men to honour, and whome the almghtie God, did create and ordeine for the infirmitie of mankinde, and alſo medicine for his helpe, and that no wyſe man ſhould deſpiſe thē. Therfore yet againe (right worthie Knight) I ſhall moſte humbly deſire you, to except the good will of him, whiche wyſſheth the yeares of your proſperous lyfe & health,Neſtor. Galen. Argantō. to be equall to Neſtor, Arganton, and Galen. Whoſe lyues were long, healthful and happy. And thus wyſhing the daily encreaſe of your worſhip, with continuall health, to gods pleaſure: who euer be your guide and gouernour, Amen. Your worſhips alwaies to commaunde.

VVilliam Bulleyn.
CVrſed be Bachus, the father of dronkenes, Founder of lothelie luſte and lecherie, Thy ſeruaūtes twain, be intēperaūce & idlenes Whiche gentle diet and ſobernes do defie, but ſobernes, doth liue, when glotony doth die. Though bākettes doth abounde, eyes for to pleaſe, Ouercharging the ſtomake, bringeth ſmall eaſe. THe aboundaunce of wine, and luſte of meate, Feaſting in the daie, and riot in the night, Inflameth the bodie with vnnaturall heate. Corrupteth the bloud, and abateth the ſight, The ſynewes wil relaxe, the Artears haue no might Apoploxia and Vertigo, will neuer fro the ſtarte, Vntill the vitall blode, be killed in the harte. O Happy is pouertie, with good gouernaunce, Whiche of fine fode hath no great plentie, Nature is ſuffiſed, with thinges ſuffiſaunce But poyſoned, with floodes of ſuperfluitie, Conſider your foode, in the time of pouertie, Example to Diogmes, ſitting in his tonne, Was well pleaſed, with reflexcion of the ſunne. BEaſtes and foules, of nature rauenous, Infieldes and foreſtes, ſeke their aduenture, Vpon their praies deuouring moſte odious, Conſuming by glottonie, many a creature, Yet eche of theim, according to their nature. Can purge their Cruditie, with caſting venomous Man through replecion, is in daunger parelous. Mans nature doth wekē, as this world doth waſt As thinges ingendred, corrupting by time, Your lyfe is preſent, but death maketh haſte, Feſtinate by ſurfite, I tell you in ryme, Example to the epicures, rotten into ſlime, As gods worde and ſtoris, the treuth to tell, That vnſatiat glottons ſhall faſte in hell. TRuly to wyſe men, this is the chief medicine, Moderate diet, with temperat trauell, good ayr in ſwete fields, whē ye ſon doth ſhine, Fliyng ſtinging miſtes, that the life will expell, Digeſtion of ſtomake, they ſhall fele full well. And to ſhake of anger and paſſions of the mynde, Thus quietnes of cōſcience the happy mā ſhal finde VVe knowe eche one, and ſe by experience, That men ſhall waſte and phiſicke fade, What is man? when he is in moſte excellence, one fallen to duſte, and ſleapeth ſtil in ſhad, lowers, leaues, & fruts, groweth ī ſomer moſt glad, ut from their braunches, as it is daily ſene, re beatē down wt winde whē thei are freſh & grene SOnne mone & ſtarres, with heauenly influence, The earth doth garniſhe wt flowers freſh of hew, The trees ſpring, wt frute of their beneuolence, e rain noriſheth, ye ſwete felds wt ſiluer drops new •• e lelie, read roſe, and flowers pale & blewe. orue and cattelle and euery thing temporall, e not theſe gods giftts? for theſe our liues mortal BVt to know theſe creaturs is a gift moſt excellēt Complexions hote or colde, moiſt or drie, And to whate nature they be conuenient. Hippocrates and Gallene, in their time did trie. Dioſcorides and Auicen, with Plini wold not lye. Ariſtotle the philoſopher in learning moſte excellent So be many men now in this life preſent. TO them I bend my knee with dewe reuerence, As one vnworthy their foteſteppes for to kiſſe, Iacking no good will confeſſing my negligence, Though many will iudge, my entent amiſſe. Powring water in the ſea, where aye plentie is. But of your worſhip to whome I preſent this gift, Except it better thē nothing to make a ſimple ſhift. I pray you rede this gouernmēt ſhort I wil it make Betwene one called Iohn, & Humfrey the wiſe, When you are at leaſure in your hand it take. Though it lacke eloquence, yet do it not deſpiſe, I will aſſite no authour, which haue writen lies. And ſtil wil ſubmitte my ſelf vnto the lerned iudge And forſe not of the ignorant whiche at my traue grudge Eſſe cupis ſanus ſit tibi parca manus, Pone gule metus, etas vt ſit tibi longa. FINIS.
To the gentle Reader.

HEre I doe preſent vnto thee (gentle Reader) a ſymple Gouerne mēt of helth, beſeching thee moſte heartely for to except it as an argument of my good wyll, as one vnfayēdly that greatly dooe couit the good ate and happy health of mankynde. Whiche by dayly caſualtis, ſurfaites & 〈◊〉 : do decay, and fall into many gre ••• us & painful ſickeneſſes. For whiche cauſe although perhappes I can not in 〈◊〉 pointes aunſwere to thy requeſt, in •• is litle regement: yet I ſhall deſire ee to except me amonge the feloweſhyp of the botchers, which do helpe to •• paire thinges that fall into ruine or ecay. Euen ſo bee the pratiſcio ers of •• iſicke, no makers of men, but when •• en dooe decaye throughe ſickeneſſe, ••• en the counſell of the Phiſicion, and 〈◊〉 vertue of medicine, is not to be re •• ſed, but moſte louingly to be embraced as a chief friende in the tyme of a •• uerſitie, if thou readeſt this litle hoo •• and obſerue it, I truſt it wyll paye muche as it doeth promyſe. And becauſe I am a yong man I woulde 〈◊〉 preſume to take ſuche a matter in 〈◊〉 although the wordes be fewe, but 〈◊〉 conſiliat and gather thinges together which of my ſelfe I haue practiſed and alſo read and noted in the workes Hypocrates, Galen, Auicen, Plinii, H lyabas, VVenzoar, Raſis, Dioſcorid Leonhardus Fucchius, Conradus Geſnerus. &c. And thus I leue the to the company of this my litle booke, wiſſhyng thee health, and all them that ſhall reade it. ⸫

VVilliam Bulleyn.
The contentes of this boke of the gouernment of healthe. THe Epiſtle. Verſes in Meter againſt ſurfeting, cōmending moderate diet. Verſes in the prayſe of the boke. A preface to the Reader. Of the Epi urs life. Fo. i. •• eliogabalꝰ court fit for Epicures. Fo. ibid. aly gods plaged. Fo. ii. utes of inordinate banquets. Fol. eod arietie of opiniōs, fo. iii 〈◊〉 obiectiō againſt phi •• cke. fol. eod. •• od, autour of phi. fo. eo •• od ordeined herbes for •• elth of men. fol. eod •• he praiſe of phi. fo. iiii. diffinition of phi. fo. v •• ndry ſectes of phiſiti ns. fo. vi. Phiſike deuided into v. partes. fol. vii The diſcription of the.4 complexions. fo. ix The diſcription of the.4 Elementes. fol. x Creatures cōpoūd of mo elements thē one. fo. eo Elementes fel e and not ſene. fo. xi The.4. complexions deuided into.4. quarters of the yere. fo. eod Metals and medicines be knovven. fol. xii The bringing vp of children. fo. xi i Beſt time to prouide for age. fol. xv The diſcription of the.4 humours. fol. xvi Men hoat, but vvomens tongues hoater. fo. xix Al things bringeth their apparell vvith him, mā onely except. fo. eod A diffinicion of members. fo. xx Muſkels and glandens fleſhe. fo. eod A part, called by the nāe of the vvhole. fo. xxi Vvhat anotomy is. fo. eo Foure thinges conſide red in the bodye of man. fol. eod Of openyng the vaines, and blud letting. fo. xxiii Agaīſt dropſy. fo. xxiiii Helping the Eme. fo. eo. Thernia excellent Triacle. fol. eod Capers good. fo. xxv Miracle healpeth vvhen phiſike faileth. fo. eod Time for al thinges fo. 27 Of bloud letting. fo. 28. Vſurpation. fo. xxviii Morning beſt to let blud fol. eod Of meats and medicin fo. eod Beſt time to purg. fol. 3 Vomites and their profites. fo. eo Cuſtome in vomityng euill. fol. eo Of bathinges and their properties. fo. eo Diſcommodities by cō mon hot houſes. fo. xxx Afore bathing vſe goo •• oyntments. fol. eo Perilous to bath vpon a empty ſtomack. fo. eo Of neſynge. fo. o Of ſuppoſiters. fol. eo Boxing good for the bodye. fo. eo Of gliſters. fol. eo Manipracticioners. fo. 3 Beaſtes and birds vſe pr ning. &c. fol. eo Hot vvater vnholeſom fol. xxxi Frication holeſom. fo. e •• Combing the head. fo. eo Cutting of heere and parynge nayles. fo. eod Conſideration to be had in eating. fo. eod A cauſe vvhy the ſoul de parteth from the body. fo. 34. To eate bothe fleſhe and fiſhe together hurteth the flegmatike. fol. eod Diuerſe ſortes of meates corruptes the body. fo. 35 Good dyet prolongeth life. fol. eod Vvhat meats doth cauſe good bloud. fol. 36 To go to bed vvith empty ſtomack hurts. fo. eo An order in dieting. fo. 37 An order for them that the ſicke. fo 38 Of ſyrrops and drinkes. fol. eod 〈◊〉 the complexion is, ſo 〈◊〉 deſireth. fol. 39 Moderate vvalke after meat profiteth. fo. eod To healpe diſgeſtion by diuers vvaies. fol. xl. A note vvhiche bee the moſt holeſomeſt ayres to dvvel in. fo. xli Vvhat ayres corrupteth the bloude. fol. eod Corrupte ayre bringeth ſundry diſeaſes. fo. xlii Feruent praier vnto god doth mitigate his vvrath fo. eod Svvete aires to be made in time of ſicknes. fo. eo Vvhat ſitation is beſt for an houſe. fol. 43 Pleaſant people. fo. eod Moderate exerciſe a ſouerain thing. fol. 44 Vvhat profit cometh by exerciſe. fo. eod Vſe maketh labour eaſye. fol. eod Idleneſſe the mother of miſchief. fo. 45 Of exerciſe before meat. fol. eod Of ſlepe and vvakinge. fo. 46 To ſleepe after dynner hurteth. fo. eod To ſleepe on the righte ſide beſt. fo. 47 Lodgynge to bee kepte clene. fol. eod To ſlepe in felds is hurtfull. fo. 48 The cauſe of the ſtone. fo. eod Remedies for the ſtone. fol. eod Of vrines vvith the colours thereof, and the iudgementes. fol. 49 Contents in vrin be the chief things to knovve diſeaſes by. fo. 50 Of ſtoles and the iudgemente of the coulours therof. fo. eod Of doctor dyet, quiet, & meriman. fo. 51 Better to lacke riches thē to vvant quietnes and mirth. fo. eod Many apt ſimilituds for the ſame. fol. eod Pore mens pleſure. fo. 52 The tormentes of the minde. fo. eod Thought killeth many fol. eod Ire is a greuous paſſion Fol. 5 Deuils incarnat. fol. eod A good face in a glaſſe fo. eod Better to bee ſpited the pitied in ſome caſe. fo. e •• The vertues of vvorme vvode. fol. 5 The propertie of Annſede. fo. eo The vertue of mouſe-eare fo. 5 Of chikvvede. fo. eo The properties of ſorell. fo. eod The properties of plantayne. fo. 57 Of camomel and his propertie. fo. 58 Of ſage and his property fol. eod Of Polipodio and hys propertie. fol. 59 Of horehounde and hys properties. fol. eod Of veruen and hys properties. fol. 60 Of Revv or herbe grace. fol. eod The properties of Burnet. fol 61 The properties of Dandelion. fol. eod Of ſpinage. fol. 62 Of covvcumbers. fo. eod Garlyke and his propertye. fol. 63 Of oynions. fol. eod •• ettyſe and his property fol. 64 Myntes and their propertyes. fol. 65 Fennell and hys properties. fol. 66 Iſope and his operation. fol. eod Sencion and hys operaration. fol. eod Percelye and hys operation. fol. 68 Mugvvorte and his propertye. fol. eod Of Cabbage. Fo. ibid Philopendula and hys operation. fo. eod Agremoni and his operation. fol. eod Of Dragon. fol. eod The vertu of violets. fo. e Of the vvhite lillye and his operation. fol. 70 Centorye and of hys vertue. fol. eod Roſemary & of his. fo. eo Peniroyall and hys operation. fol. eod Of Muſtarde and hys operation. fol. eod The veru of buglas. fo. eo The ver. of Baſil. fol. eod Roſes and his vert. fo. 73 Sauery and his ver. fo. eo Time and his ver. fol. 74 Perſely, ſaxifrage, and their operations. fo. eod Lyuervvorte and his operation. fo. eod Bitonye and of his vertue. fol. eod Betes and his vertue. fo. 75 Maydenheere and hys vertue. fo. eod Melilot & his vert. fo. 76 Peas and beans, and their operation. fol. eod Of hutles & tares. fo. eo Lekes and their propertyes. fol. 77 Of Radyſhe and other rotes. fol. eod Herbes ingendreth melancholye. fol. eod Good thinges to diſgeſt cholere. fo. eod To purge choler. fol. eod To diſgeſt fleum, fo. eod To purge fleume. fo. e d To purge melancholye. fo. eod To prouoke vrine. fo. eo Cōfortes for the braynes to ſmel on. Fo. ibid Thinges good to ſtoppe the flixe. Fo. ibid Good thynges to prouoke neſyng. Fo. ibi. Good thinges to comfort the heart. Fo. 18. Fygges and dates. Fo. ibi Of Peares. Fo. ibid The Fryers pear. Fo. ibi Of Appels. Fo. ibi A medicine for the ſmal pockes. Fo. ibi Of peaches. Fo. ibi Of quinces. Fo. ibid Of Chyries. Fo. 83 Of Grapes. Fo. ibid Svvete prunes laxatyue. Fo. 84 Of Barbaries and Med ers. Fol. eodem Of Capers. Fol. eodem Of Biefe. Fo. 85. Remedye for the flix. Fol. ibi Hovve to healpe Diſgeſtion. Fo. ibid A medicine for the eyes. Eo. 87 Porke and his operation. Fo. 87 The diſcriptiō of ſvvine Fo. ibi Beaſtes haue no reaſon. Fo. ibid Buddynges of Svvine. Fol. 88. A plaiſter for. ſ. Anthonies fyre. Fo. ibid Of Rammes, vveathers, and lambes. Fo. ibid Of Redde and Falovve deares fleſhe. Fo. 89 Of hares and conyes, and their properties. Fo. 91 A medicine for bluddye eyes. Fo. ibid Of Cockes, hennes, and capons. Fo. ibi Of Geeſe. Fo. 92 The properties of greate Foules. Fo. ibid Of the fleſh of Duckes. Fol. 94 Of Pygeons and Doues. Fo. ibidem Of the fleſh of Pecocks. Fo. 95 Roſted Pygeons. Fo. ibid Of the fleſhe of Cranes. Fo. ibid O Svvannes fleſhe. Fo. 9, Of Herons, Bitters, or ſhouels. Fo. eod Of Partriches, Feſantes, and Quayles. &c. Fo. eo The properties of ſmall byrdes. Fo. 98 The operation of fiſhes. fol. eod The beſte feadynge for fiſhe. fol. 99 Sone labour after eatyng fiſhe hurterh. fol. 100 Fat fiſhe groſe. fol. eod The electiō of fiſh. fo. eo Crauiſes and crabs. fo. eo Of oyle. fol. 101 Of Vvater. fol. 102 Vvhat kynde of vvater is beſt. fol. eod Of Vineger. fol. 103 Of common ſalt. fo. eod Of honye. fo. 104 Bees exāple to vs. fo. 105 Of milke. fo. 106 Milke not good for full ſtomackes. fol. eod Of Butter and Cheeſe. fo. 107 Of Egges. fo. 108 Of Vvine. fol. 109 Heat of exceſſe in drynkynge. fo. eod Of beere and ale. fo. 1 •• Bread of all ſorts. fo. 11 Of Ryſſe. fol. 1 •• Of Almonds. fo. eo Of VValnuts. fol. 11 . Of phylberdes fo. eo Of Nutmegs. fo. eo Of Cloues, galingale, an Peper. fo. eo A practice. fo. 1 •• Of Calamus. fo. eo Of triacle. fo. 12 Of Methridatum. fo. 1 •• Of Safron. Fo. 1 •• A regiment of the peſti lence. fo. 12 Good ayre. fo. eo None ſlepe. Fo. eo Of ſlepe. Fo. eo Exerciſe. Fo eo Of myrth. Fo. 12 Sygnes of the peſtilenc Fo. eo Methridatum androm •• chi. Fo. eo FINIS.
¶ Iohn.

OF all pleaſures & paſtymes my thynke there is none like vnto good chere,The epicure deſireth too liue al together in belly chere. wh t ſhould mā do but paſſe a waye the tyme with ood felowes and make mery, ſeynge e haue but a tyme to liue, caſt away re, wherfore is meate and bellies or eined but the one to ſerue the other e fleſhe that we dayly increaſe is our wn. Abſtinence & faſting, is a mighty •• emy and nothing pleaſaunt to me, d be vſed of very fewe that loue thē lues, but only of beggers, and coue us ſparers, whiche dooe ſpare muche d ſpende litle.

¶ Humfrey.

Knowe well youre goodly expence of tyme, I wys it is no eruayle, althoughe you make ur belly your God: and boſte of 〈◊〉 You ſe that al luſty reuilers, & ntinuall banket makers, come to great eſtimacion, as example to Varius Haelyogabalus, which was daily fedde with many hundreth fiſſhes and foules, and was accōpanied with manye brothels, baudes, harlottes, and glottons, and thus it doth apeare by your abhorring vertue, that of ryght you might haue cleamed a great office in Haeliogabalus court,Heliogabalꝰ court it for belly gods. if you had been in thoſe daies, but you haue an infinite number of your conuerſacion in theſe daies, the more pitty.

¶ Iohn.

VVhat good ſir, I require not you counſell, I pray you be your own caruer, and geue me leaue to ſerue my fantaſy. I wyll not charge you, you ar very auncient and graue, and I ar but yonge, we be no matchis.

¶ Humfrey.

GOod counſell is a treaſure 〈◊〉 wyſe mē, but a very trifle to foole, if thou haddeſt ſene thoſe thinges whiche I haue ſeene, I know, thou wouldeſt not be ſuch a man, nor thus ſpend thy tyme.

¶ Iohn.

VVhat haſte thou ſene, that I haue not ſeen?

¶ Humfrey.

I Haue ſeene many notable and greuous plages, whiche haue fallen vpon greddy gluttons, as aſting their ſubſtaunce,The iuſt rewarde of belly gods. diſfor ing their bodies, ſhorting their leaſaūt daies, and in this point o conclude with thee, where as lotony remaineth, from thence 〈◊〉 moderate diat banyſhed: and oſe bellies that folowe the luſt f the eyes (in meates) in youthe, all lacke the health of all their odies, in age if they liue ſo long.

Iohn.

My thinke thou canſte geue good counſell, thou ſemeſt to be ſeen in ph •• ſicke. I praye thee is it ſo great hurt 〈◊〉 delight in plenty of bankettes?

¶ Humfrey.

SIr,The frutes of inordinate bāquets. if it will pleaſe you to be ſomewhat attentiue, I wyl te you. It is ye very grayne whero cōmith ſtinking vomettes, ſaue faces, dropſies, vertigo, palſeis obſtructiōs, blindnes, flixes, applexis, caters and rewmes. &c.

¶ Iohn.

IS it trewe that you haue ſayde to mee?

¶ Humfrey.

VVOulde to God dayly ex perience did not trie i I dooe perfectly knowe it. An once thou ſhalt be a witnes ther of, if thou come to age.

¶ Iohn.

THen I beſeche thee gentle fren Humfrey, declare to me, why the is ſuche diuiſion among phiſicions?

¶ Humfrey.

THou ſeeſt,Varietie of opinions amōg mē. amōg the Theologiās there is much varietie, nd yet but one troth. Diſcordes e ſoone knowen of Muſicians, nd the Phiſicions bee not igno aunt of the generall natures of inges. No diuiſion is although 〈◊〉 do ſo apeare: for regēts, place, ge, time, and the preſent ſtate of ans nature muſt bee obſerued, not the olde rules in al pointes. or mans nature is ſore altered nd chaunged, into a vyler ſorte an it was wonte to bee.

¶ Iohn.

Ome dooe report that men of great eſtimaciō,Anobie tion againſt phiſicke. ſay: what nedeth phiſicke, is but an inuention only for money, e ſee (ſay they) who liueth ſo wel, as ey whiche neuer knew phiſicke, and euill as theſe pothicary men?

¶ Humfrey.

MAny men bee more riche the wyſe, & more eſtemed, for titles of their honours & worſhips, then for any other vertue or cunning, ſuche men in ſome pointes bee more ingratifull to naturall remedies then dogges: whiche can electe or chooſe their vomitting gras, or birdes, whiche ca choſe grauell or ſtones for their caſting. But to cōclude with the in this matter.God the author of phiſicke. Plini the great clarke, haue a thouſand reaſons to proue them foliſhe that wil obiecte againſt Phiſicke.The ineſ imable goodnes of god ordeined herbes for the healh of man. And th author of al thinges did wel forſ and knowe, what was good fo mans nature, whan he ſtretchi out ſo large a cōpas roūd abou the earth with ye noble planette and ſignes, and their courſes, in fluences and heauēly qualities and garniſſhed the earth wit fruites, herbes, flowers, leaues graines, oyles, gums, ſtones, for mans comfort and helpe, and ordeined the phiſicion for to helpe man. Thus the almyghtye haue done ſaith Salomon.Salomon And in recompēce, God hath not apointed the phiſicions to be rayled vpō,Eccle. 36. or diſpiſed, but honoured & rewarded: yea, eſtemed of princes. And ſeing good nature and wiſe men be on my ſide: I forſe not of other mens phantaſies, with whome neither good wiſdome, nor good nature is guyde.

¶ Iohn.

VVhy is phiſcke of ſuche great authoritie? or hath it ben in eſtimatiō among olde fathers? May that be proued of thy parte?

¶ Humfrey.

Yes that I can.

¶ Iohn.

IF thou canſt bringe in any reueren fathers that loued phiſick: I wil no deſpiſe, but greately eſteme it, & deſyr counſeile in demaūding of a few que ſtions.The praiſe & exelē cie of phiſicke.

¶Humfrey.

PHiſicke hath ben in ſo hye an eſtimaciō, that ye gentilles did all conſent, it came from the immortall goddes.Moiſes. The Hebrues did well knowe it, as Moiſes in the moſte auncient boke, called Geneſis primo, doth diſcribe the worke of the almighty God:Adam. of herbes, fruites, and plantes, that Adam might teache the vertues of thē to his children.Ieſus Sirack. cap. xxxviii. Ieſus Sirack which was endued with ye ſpirit of god, haue lefte a laude behinde him greatlie commendinge Phyſick amongeſt the diuines of the Hebrues. Diodoro. Teſt. Ouid. Metamor Mercuri amōgſt the Egiptians, Ouide doeth greately commende Apollo, the inuenter of herbes, when they were almoſte oute of emory, he reuiued their vertes, and taught their nature to hers that folowed him. After at came in Aeſculapius, whiche d many moſte excellent cures. nd chiron, Chiron centaurꝰ. the inſtructer of Achil whoſe name can neuer die as •• ge as the herbe centauri, gro eth vpon the earth, whiche is led after his name.Podaliriꝰ Podalirius & echaon, Machaō. were twoo brethren in 〈◊〉 time of the battell of Troy, •• iche were excellent phiſiciōs, •• d be greatly commended of Ho •• re, who was more excellēt thē •• ppocrates, Hippocrates. in the Ile of Cooſe: oſe workes will neuer die, for brought in phiſicke, and dige •• it into faire bokes, for mans at health.Gallenus. Then came Gallene, 〈◊〉 vnknowen to all wyſe and •• ned phiſicions. I coulde reherſe many moo, but this ſha ſuffiſe to proue phiſicke to bee 〈◊〉 greate authoritie amonge old fathers.

¶Iohn.

I Pray thee frende Humfrey, what phiſicke: I would bee glad to learn ſome of thy knowledge, for thou haſt good order in talking, & ſeme to be g ded of authoritie. Therfore I am ſo that I haue cōtended with thee: I pr y be not angry, with my former tal

¶Humfrey.

HIppocrates in his booke of wi des or blaſtes,Hippocrates in lib. defla. ſaith yt phiſic or medecine, is but a putting the body whiche it lacketh, or 〈◊〉 king from the bodie thinges 〈◊〉 perfluous.A diffinitiō of phyſicke. And althoughe o life be ſhorte, yet the arte of 〈◊〉 ſicke is long, becauſe great n bres of thinges be in it, and 〈◊〉 quireth muche ſtudy, labour a actiſe,Hippocrates in primo and firſt of all, it requi th much contēplacion or know dge, in ſtudying good bookes, hich is called Theoricha. Aphoriſ. Secōd the very effect of contempla on or ſtudy,Theoricha. is practica or actiua, whiche is doing of the thinges, at learninge haue taughte as pairing, amending, or preſer ing, the bodies of men, women and children. &c.

¶Iohn.

It ſemeth to be a goodly ſcience.

¶Humfrey.

HErodotus ſaieth:Herodotꝰ they greately erre that call it a ſcience, for is an excellēt art in doing of no •• ble things. And ſcience is but 〈◊〉 knowe thinges. There is alſo this excellēt art ſundry ſectes 〈◊〉 phiſicions,Emperici ſome be called Em •• rici, who ſuppoſe that onely ex •• rience doeth ſuffiſe, and ſo by vſe and experience dooe take i hande to heale diſeaſes, not knowing the cauſe of the ſaid diſeaſ or ſickenes.Philinus Philinus was one 〈◊〉 that ſecte at the firſt beginning Then folowed Serapion, ſerapion. & after that ye Apolonis. Apolonii. And then cam Glaucius Menadotus Sextus. &c. Another kinde of phiſicions, be called Methodici, Methodici. whiche neither obſerue tyme, place, age, ſtate, no cōdicion: & thinke theim thinges of ſmall profite, but onely the reſpecte is to their diſeaſe: the loue not longe ſtudy in phiſicke and are greatly deceyued, becauſe they would builde withou foundacion: and haue the frute before thei haue planted ye trees Theſe mennes cures be but b chaunce medly. One Sirus bega this,Aſclepiades. whiche receyued certayn rules of Aſclepiades. The chief eſte ſecte of Phiſitions called Dogmatici. Dogmatici. Theſe be the wyſe mē hiche ſette not the carte before e horſe, nor the rootes of the ees vpwarde. They dooe pru ently conſider the chaunge of ans nature, ye dwellyng place, e alteration of ye ayre, the time 〈◊〉 the yeare, the cuſtome of peo •• e, the maners of diſeaſes, the ſhion of mens diete. And this ey will prous by trewe argu entes and reaſons, and will be ry careful for their patientes. he diſciples of thoſe mē, be the ſt ſcollers, therfore I counſell ee Ihon to loue wel Hippocrates e prince of Phiſicions,Hippocrates. whiche gan the beſt maner to geue ru s to all the louers of phiſicke. f this writeth Gallen, much lau •• g Hippocrates & his followers, d in theſe daies Leonhardus Futchius, Matheolus. &c.

¶Iohn.

SEinge thou haſt ſpooken of ſondrie partes of Phiſicions, I praye thee what partes be there of phiſicke?

¶Humfrey.

TRuly there be fyue thinges to be noted in phiſicke,Gallen de elemen. de temp. de facul. as. v. principall partes, as Gallen ſaith: in lib. de Elementis. The firſt is to conſider the nature of mans bodie.Phiſicke deuided into fyue partes. The ſeconde is, to kepe the bodie in health, and to defende it from ſickenes and infirmities. The thirde is, to knowe all the cauſes, rules, and ſedes, wherof the ſicknes doth growe. The .iiii is Criſes or iudgemēt of the diſeaſe of thinges preſent, paſt & to come. The fifth is the beſte and moſte excellēt, for it ſheweth the maner of healing, dietinge, faſſhion, order, & waye to helpe the ſicke bodie, & preſerue the ſame, as longe as man doth remayne in the ſtate of lyfe.

¶Iohn.

THou haſt ſpoken of the partes of phiſicke, what is the forme maner or diſtribucion thereof?

¶Humfrey.

IT is diſtributed in thre formes one is natural,Gal. lib. 3. de temp. cap. 4. another vnnatural, ye .iii. agaīſt nature. The firſt is, by thoſe things wherof ye bodie is cōpact, cōſtituted or made, as Gallen ſaith: in his .iii. boke of his Tēpramentis. Cap. 4. The ſecōd is called not natural, as meates or thinges to preſerue the bodie in health, they be not called vnnaturall, becauſe they be againſte the body, but becauſe the raſſhe akynge, or glotonus vſinge of hem, may bryng many thinges o the vtter deſtruction of the bodie. The thirde, bee thinges againſt nature, whiche doeth corrupt the bodie or poiſone nature, wherof Gallen writeth.Galle. in lib. 2. The rap. metho.

¶Iohn.

NOwe thou haſt taughte me ſhort rules of the partes & formes phiſicall, I pray the ſhewe me ſome pretie rules of the complexions of men, and that I may aptelie knowe theim with their properties, elementes, temperamentes and humors.

¶Humfrey.

VPon my lute ſome time, to recreate my ſelfe, I ioyne with my ſimple armonie, manie playne verſes. Among all other one ſmal ſonge of the foure complexions, wilte thou heare it take that chaire and ſitte downe and I will teache thee my ſong

¶Iohn.

I thanke thee.

¶Humfrey. The bodies where heat & moiſter dwel, Be ſanguen folkes as Galen tell, With viſage faire & chekes roſe ruddy: The ſlepes is much,The diſcription of the ſa guene pe •• ſons. & dreames be bluddy. Puls great and full, with digeſtion fine, Pleaſauntlie concocting, fleſhe and wyne, Excremētes aboūdant, with anger ſhort, aughing very much and finding ſport, Drine groſe, with couler read: Pleaſaunt folkes at bord and bead. Where cold wt moiſtur preuaileth much Fleumatike folkes be alway ſuche, Fatues,The diſcription of the ſle matil e perſons. ſoftnes here plaine and ryght, Narrowe vaines and coller whyt. Dull of wyt, no hart to bold, Pules very ſlowe, diſgeſtion cold. Sleping ouer much, vryne groſe & pale, Spittell whit & thick, thus endes the tale. Coller is hoot, and drie as fyre, enis of limmes and puffed with yre. Coſtiſſe belles, with litte ſlepe, Dreames of fier,The diſcription of the colericke. or woundes depe. Sallowe coulered, or tawnie read, Feding on ſalt meates, & cruſtes of bread, Voyce ſharpe, and quickenes of wit, Vryne yellowe and ſaltnes of ſpit. Pulſes ſwyft, and very ſtrong, Cruell countenance, not anger long. Melancoly is cold, and very drye. As here in ryme his ſignes will trye, Heare playne,The diſcription of Melā coly. and veray thyn, A leane wretche, with hardnes of ſkyn. Coller whitlie, or like to leade, Muche watthe, and dreames of dreade, And ſtif in folyſhe fantaſie, Diſgeſtion ſlowe, and long angrie. Feareful of minde, with watrie ſpitle, Seldome laughing, and puls litle. Vryne waterie, and very thyn, The colde earth, to hym is kyn. ¶ Iohn.

THis is a good ſong, and I wil learne it, for though it ſeme not verye pleaſaūt, yet I perceiue it is profitable. Now thou haſt ſpoken of the ſinges of the .iiii. complexions, I pray the teache me ſhortlie, howe to knowe the elementes.

¶ Humfrey.

THey be ye foure beginners vnmingled and vntempored,Hippocrates de Element. Auic. in cauteca. frō whoſe mixtures euerye corporall thynge hath his ſubſtaunce.

¶ Iohn.

What be ye partes? I pray the tel me

¶ Humfrey.

FOure, the one is earth the heuieſt matter & groſſeſt,The diſcription of the .iiii. Elemēts. whiche is colde and drie, and melancoly. And the other is water, whiche is lighter & moſte ſubtil then the earth, & of nature is colde, moiſt, and flegmatike.Galen. in li. 8. decr. Then is ayre more purer and lighter then water, and if it bee not altered with any other ſtraunge cauſe, it is hote and moiſte and ſanguen: Then fyer is moſte lyghte, pure and cleare, a clarifier and a clenſer of all the other elemētes, whē they are corrupted, and is of his owne nature hoot, drie, and collericke. And of theſe foure Elementes, both man, beaſte, fyſſhe, foule, herbe, ſtone, mettall, haue their propre workyng, not of one of the Elementes alone, but of al: ſome more and ſome leſſe, accordyng to their natures.

Hippocrates ſaieth:Hippocrates in lib. de na. after the ſoule is gone from the bodie, the body doeth returne to the firſt matter wherof it was made: And to cō clude, all thinges that be made vpon earth, ſhal returne vnto the earth againe in tyme.

¶ Iohn.

VVhy might not men, beaſtes, fyſhe, or foule, herbe, or tree, be of one element aſwell as of foure? I praye you tell me.

¶ Humfrey.

NOo, for Ariſtotel ſayth: Deus et natura nihil agunt fruſtra. God & nature hathe doone nothinge in vaine. turs com •• ded ore e eutes 〈◊〉 one. And if any thing vpon the earth ſencible were of one element: no ſickeneſſe coulde hurte it, nor diſeaſe corrupt it, but euery thing liuing vppon the earth, ſeing it hath had beginninge, it muſt nedes haue ending, to whō theſe foure complexiōs doeth belonge, if they do greatly abounde or diſminiſh, or withdrawe their vertues with quantities or qualities.

¶ Iohn.

MAy a man ſee anye of the Elementes.

¶ Humfrey.

THe thing whiche men do ſee, be none of ye foure Elemēts: not earth, but earthie, not water but waterie, not ayre, but airie, not fire, but firie. But the things whiche man do fele,Elen felt & ſeen. be the foure Elementes, as earth, aire, fier, & water. And theſe be ye vttermoſt ſimples of complexions, diuerſly & ſpecially, alone of theim ſelues, or mingled with other, takinge ſundrie and diuers effectes, maners, condicions, formes & qualities, both in man and beaſt, and euery liuing thinge, ſenſible and inſenſible.

¶ Iohn.

VVhat is the cōplexions of the foure quarters of the yeare, and names of the ſignes?

¶ Humfrey.

THe ſpryng time when bloud doth increaſe:Hippocr. in lib. de Natura humana. Sommer whē read coller doeth rewle: Herueſt when coller aduſte, or melancoly doth reigne. Wynter when fleme doth abounde in full ſtrengthe.Wynter. Spryng. Sommer Harueſt. It is called wynter from the .xii. day of December, vnto the tenth daie of Marche. This ſeaſon is colde & moiſte, it is called ſpring time, frō the .xii. day of Marche, and endeth about the .xii. day of Iune. Sōmer beginneth about the .xii. day of Iune, and endeth about the .xii. day of Septēber. Autumne or Herueſt, beginneth about the .xiii. daie of September, and endeth about the .xi. daie of December. Capricornus, Aquarius, and Piſces, be winter ſignes. Aries, Taurus, and Gemini, be ſignes for the ſpringe. Cancer, Leo, and virgo, beo the ſignes for Sōmer. Libra, Scorpio, and Sagitari, be the ſignes for Harueſt. And ye ſunne goeth through all theſe .xii. ſignes in xii. monethes. And the Moone goeth .xii. times through eche of the forſayde ſignes ones in the yeare, and do take ſondry effectes in man, beates, and frutes, in the ſayd ſignes: hote or cold, moiſt or drye.

¶ Iohn.

VVhat bee the complexions of medicines?

¶ Humfrey.

THoſe thynges that ouercommeth and gouerne the bodye, as purgacions, expulciues. &c. Theſe be called medicines,Auic. in pri. can. and thoſe thinges that noryſheth and augmenteth the bodye, be called meates. For the complexions of meates & medicines, be knowen by their taſtes, as coldnes, hootnes,Meates and medicine bee knowen by taſting moiſtnes, Drynes, bitternes, ſaltnes, ſwetenes, fatnes, ſharpenes, ſtiptick, and clammy. And becauſe thy requeſte is, to haue preſcribed vnto thee, but only a litle gouernement of health: I wyll ſhowe vnto thee another of my litle ſongs in plain metre, howe thou ſhalt knowe meates and medicines, by their taſtes.

¶ Iohn.

THat is my chiefe deſire, I wyll beare thee, ſaye on.

¶ Humfrey. COlde quencheth the collers pride, Moiſt humecteth,Cold. Moiſte. Salte. yt whiche is dried, The flowing moiſter, be proffe I trie, Is waſted of humors, hote and drie, The ſubtill fode, that is perſing quicke, The clammy meates, maketh it thicke, Bitter thinges, clenſe and wypith ofte, And expelſlem, and maketh ſofte. Salt drieth, and reſolueth fleme tough, Fat noriſheth, and make ſubtil inough. Stiptick or rough taſte on the tonge, Bindeth and cōfouteth appetite long. Swete things in clenſing, is very good t deſolueth much, & noriſheth blod. Theſe things wel vſed, nature wilpleaſe But abuſing thē beaſtly, brīgeth diſeaſe. ¶ Iohn.

N good faithe, me thinke thou ſayeſt 〈◊〉 wel, for there apere perfit reaſons in heſe thy prety rules. Nowe thou haſt declared vnto mee, the ſignes of complexions of men: with the waye and pte knowledge of meates by theyr aſtes, I would fayne learne, ſhortelye he tempramentis and complexions of mankynde.

¶ Humfrey.

THere was neuer no diſcrete, nor wyſe phiſiciō, that either feared God or pitied mankynde, or loued his own honeſtie: wold take in hande either to preſcribe diet, or to miniſter medicine to any body, before be well did conſider, and wyſely weye with him ſelfe, the temprament, mixture or complexion of mankinde. Fyrſte whether he were hoote or colde, moiſt or drie, fat or leane, or indifferent betwene them bothe.

Tempored by health, or diſtempored by ſickeneſſe,Auic. in pri. tract. cantico. Gal. lib. 1. cap. 2. li. 2. cap. 3. li. 4 cap. vlti. Sim. med. as the extremities of hootnes, coldnes, moiſtnes, and drienes. Therefore Iohn, theſe thinges may not bee forgottē, you muſt note alſo the foure ages of mankinde, & fyrſt the tender ſtate of childrē, which beginneth at the birth, and ſo cō tinueth vntill fiftene yeares next after their ſaid byrth: Their tempramentes or complexions, bee hoote and moiſte, very like vnto the ſeede wherof they be procea ed, then next vnto childhode or innocent age. Youth which is the ſeconde part of life, beginneth to eigne, his temprament or complexion hathe rather more fyrie eate, then perfite naturall heat, and this ſecond age, continueth or tenne yeares,Gal. lib. 5. Aphor. cōmen. 9. as Galen ſaieth: ell, in this two firſte ſtates of yfe, let al natural fathers & mo ers bring vp their youth, ſette GOD before their eyes,An erneſt brief exhortacion for ye bringyng vp of youth. for they aue no ſmall charge committed nto theim, that muſte geue ac mpte to God, howe they haue brought vp their children: & they 〈◊〉 in theſe yeares do ſpare cor •• ction, truely be greuous enemies vnto their children, and at laſte ſhalbe recompenſed with ſhame, when they ſhall ſe miſfortune and wretchednes, fall vpon the frutes of their owne ſeedes. For mē haue ſmal profit of their corne, whiche bee choked & ouercome with thiſtels, bryeres, and brakes, whiche were not weeded in time, muche leſſe of their children, whiche haue receaued neyther correction nor honeſt learnyng in due ſeaſon. If ye kepers of gardeins be careful ouer their late ſowē ſedes, & tender herbes, whiche are in daunger to bee deſtroied of euerye froſte: What ſhoulde good fathers & mothers do for their children, whoſe tender and youthfull yeares bee caried away, & ouercōmed of euery fooliſhe fantaſie, and it is no me •• uayle. But this ſhall ſuffiſe for the wyſe, and ſmally profite the fooles, but to my matter whiche I toke in hande, I will returne vnto the thirde age of mankynd, which is called the luſty ſtate of yfe, and beginneth at .xxv. yeres and continueth vnto, xxxv. This age is hoote and drie, and verye collericke,Galen. in lib. Simp. as Galene ſaieth: This parte of life is ſubiect, to manye burnyng and extreme feuers, & oote vlcers: therfore it is neceſſary to knowe this temprament or cōplexion, which is called collericke, as plainely may appeare by age, ſtrength, diet, vrine. &c. This is the beſte tyme for mankynde to trauell in, with godlye exerciſe in ſcience, arte, and profitable trauelles in his vocatiō, puttinge in practiſe, the vertues whiche he hath learned in youth, for this is the ſommer parte of life, wherin all goodlye frutes 〈◊〉 floriſhe in euery good ocupaciō This is the very herueſt,The beſte tyme to prouide for age. to ga the precious corne, and frute 〈◊〉 their labours againſte the colde ſtormes & cloudie daies of their aged wynter, wherein the bodie ſhalbe weake, and the eies ſygh decaye, and the handes trimble and therfore it is not comelye 〈◊〉 ſee the ſtate of age, without reſt whiche in the tyme of youth, di honeſtly trauell. For there is 〈◊〉 grace geuen to many creature vnreaſonable, bothe beaſtes and foules, to make prouiſion before hande, what is then to be required of men reaſonable, as foloweth in theſe verſes.

THe bird in time her neſt can make, The bee will buyld his houſe ful 〈◊〉 The Crane with ſtone in fote wil wake, The Cony will carue vnder the myne, The Squirel in trees her nuts can kepe, Againſt colde winter to feede and ſlepe, And ſhould not man well foreſee, In youth to know his old degree.

THen from .xxxv. or few yeres folowing, the luſty braūches of youth, begin to abate his pleaſaunt leues, flowers and fruite by litle & litle will decaye, rawe humers, crampes, dropſies, quaterns, melācoly, will then drawe nere. The riots, ſurfittes, ſore labours, bearing of extreme burdens, wreſtlings, actes venerus with the abuſe of youth, wil then ſpring forth, to the detriment of age nad ſodaine decaye of lyfe, in eſpeciall of drunkardes.

¶ Iohn.

VVhat be the places of blend, Coller, Fleume, and Melancoly? Naturall or vnnaturall. Thou haſte not made a particular diſtinction of their proper places, but generally thou haſt ſpoken well in thy ſonge.

¶ Humfrey.

THere are alſo other diſcirptions of the foure humors, very neceſſary to be knowē, and their places where as they dwel within the body, & firſt of bloud, as Galen ſaieth: in his firſt booke of effected places, bloude (ſaieth he) that is in the pulſis, doeth greatly differ from the bloude of the vaynes, for the bloude of the pulſis is thinner, yeallower and hotter, and this bloud, maye bee called the gouernour of life. The ſpring & fountayne of the bloud generall is in the lyuer, 〈…〉 . whiche ſerueth euery vayne of bloude, & this bloud in culler is very read. Flewme. is whyte, and is ingendred in the ſtomake, and at lēgth by the vertue of naturall heate, pure fleaine is turned into blod. There be alſo watry, ſlimy glaſſy, groſſe, ſalte, ſower, thicke, harde, binding, and extreme cold fleames, whiche in dede be vnnaturall, that bee engendred thorowe ſurphets, coldnes or idelnes, bringing to the bodie many noiſome diſeaſes. There is alſo coller, whiche is yellowe, whoſe place in the body is ye gall, which commeth of the clenſing or puryfying of bloud: and this coller is cleare, hote and drie, and the cō forter of decoction. Grene coller, or coller myngled with fleame, be vnnaturall, melancoly naturall, in the ſplene is nothing but the ſex degrees, or heauie reſidentes of the bloud, the naturall melācoly is knowen by his blacknes, the vnnatural cometh of the burning of coller, and is lighter & hoter, browne of couler, ſower of taſte, and putteth the bodie in great daūger: as madnes, blacke gaunders, continual feuers, and ſodaine deadly diſeaſes. Therefore my frende Iohn, remember this ſhort diſcriptiō of humors, as the wordes of Galen & Auicen, ſaye.Auicen. in li. can.

¶ Iohn.

Thus I haue heard thy ſeueral placinge of the foure complexions of bloud, Choler, Fleume, and Melancoly, and is there any diſtincte hootnes, coldnes, moiſtnes, and drienes, in anye other creature beſides man: tel me.

¶ Humfrey.

NOt onely in manne, but in beaſtes, fyſhe, foule, ſerpēts, trees, herbes, mettels. And euery thyng ſenſible and inſenſible, according to their natures, & be equally myngled or tempered togeter, whiche is called meane tē peraunce, or els exceadeth in degrees, whiche is called intemperaunce, hote and moiſte, may be compounded together, ſo maye colde and drie, hote and drie, cold and moiſte,Galen. in lib. 4. de tempor. example. A cholerick man, hote & drie: a Fleumaticke man, cold & moiſt. &c. Of herbes, as hiſope and rewe, hote and dry, purſſen and coucumbers, cold & moiſt. &c. But tempramentes or complexiōs of men, beaſtes, and trees, be ſome hoter, ſome colder, according to their natures. As a lion is hooter then a cholericke man: pepper is hoter thē cloues. And though there bee degrees in more hotnes or more coldnes, yet they are called but hote or colde, as men after labour or trauell, they will ſaye they are hoote, but the fier which people warme thē at, is hotter. Alſo there be things repugnaunt to tempramentes, as moiſte and drienes together, heate and coldnes together, as fier to bee colde, or the water of his own nature to be hote, which water peraccidence of the fier is made hote: and fier quenched by the water. And euery thynge exceading greatly with diſtemperaunce or wanting temperaunce or complexion, do eftſones come to an end, as men by extreme ſickeneſſes, ſurphets or woundes, or finally age, lackinge naturall vertue. Of heate and moiſtnes of trees and herbes, from whome iuce and ſappe is withdrawen, theſe thinges of neceſſitie muſte nedes die,Galen. in lib. 4. de tempor. and come to corruption, as Galen and Ariſtotel ſayeth.

¶ Iohn.

VVhether be men or women of coldex complexion?Ariſt. de Gene.

¶ Humfrey.

AVicen ſaieth:Auicen. like as menne be hote & drie, ſo be wemen colde and moiſte.

¶ Iohn.

YEa but Lucian ſaieth: they be perelous hote of their tonges and ful of venim: though I am no phiſicion, yet can I make a diſſciption of that member, for I am oftentimes ſtinged with it,Whether this bee true let y maryed iudge. I would to God they had been wormed when they were yong, but when they are olde, they are paſt all cure, but the beſt medicine y I haue, is a gentle herbe called rewe, whiche I am neuer without great ſtore.

¶ Humfrey.

MAnkinde was borne naked to this ende,eueri thīg bringyng his aparel with him ſauīg mā. that he mighte clothe him ſelfe with other creatures: whiche he brought not in to this world with him, as cloth, lether, harnes made of iron, for his defence, becauſe he is ye chief creature. But horſes of nature haue harde ho es, lyons ſharpe teeth, purpintyns ſharpe prickes whiche is their cōtinual and natural armour, as things euer prepared to debate & ſtrife &, by no art can ſcant be tamed. The Roſe as pleaſauntly as ſhe doeth appeare,Muſkels and glandens fleſh and as ſwetely as ſhe doth ſmel, ſpring not further without a great nōber of ſharpe prickes. Therfore it is tollerable for men to beare with them whome nature hath ſealed and marked for his owne. With that humor moſt chollerick, diſgreſſe from this thy communicacion, and let vs talke of thinges more profitable, for in deade this is pleaſaunt to no mā.

¶ Iohn.

SEyng thou wilt not diſcribe me thi particuler members, of whiche w haue ſpokē, I would be glad to know the partes of mankinde, with a ſhort diſcription of his members.

¶ Humfrey.

MEmbers be ſimple and alſo compounde, the ſimples bee tenne in nomber, the cartilages, the griſtels, the bones, veynes, & ſynewes arteries, pannicles, lygamentes, cordes, and the ſkyn. Members compounded,A diffi •• cion of members be thoſe that be ioyned and builded together of ſimple members as the handes, face, fete, lyuer, & harte, and ſo compounded members, be made of ſimple. Some of the compounded members be called principalles: as the harte from whence the arteries ſpringes, the brain, frō whēce the ſinewes ſpringes, the liuer whiche is the well of the bloud, from whence ye veynes do ſpring, & the ſtones of generacion from whence the ſede of lyfe dooe ſpring: but thoſe compounded members that bee principall. Be all the other members except the ſimple as ye noſe, the eares, the eies, the face, the necke, the armes and legges, & the braynes and chief ſubſtance of our fleſhe, be compounded mē bers of ſinowes,Muſkels and glandens fleſh & couered with panackles, whiche be of a ſynue nature, but that ſinewes geue felyng to all the whole body: euen as the artiers geueth ſpirituall bloud frō the heart to euery mē ber. The whole body is couered with filmes and ſkynnes. Out the head ſpringeth harde matter iſſuing from the places called ye pores, to pourge vapors & ſmoke from the braine, which aſcēdeth out of the ſtomake into the head, and is clenſed through Pia mater, called the tender coueringe of the brayne or ſpirites animall. And therfore as ſom partes of ye body being deuided in ſonder, be eche like vnto the other, and yet called by the name of the whole, as for example. When the bones be broken in ſonder, or the fleſhe cut in to diuers peces, or ye bloude poured into ſondrie veſſels.A parte is called by the name of ye whol and not ye whole by the part. A peece of fleſhe is ſtyll called fleſhe, a fragmente of a bone, is called a bone, and a drop of bloud is called bloud: Euen ſo an hāde, arme veyne, or ſuche lyke vnſeparate partes being deuided into peces or called by the name of peces, & not by the name of ye whole parte (as is before.) But my frende Iohn, to make a large diſcriptiō of Anatomie, it were to longe for e, but ſhortly I will ſaye ſome thing. And firſt of the definition therof is, whā the body of a dead man or woman, is cut & opened & the mēbers deuided, or for thē wāt of dead bodies to reade good bokes as Galen, What annothomie is. Auicen. &c. And it behoueth thē that cutteth a dead corps,Foure thinges cōſidered in the body of mā. to note foure things. Firſt the nutramentall members, as the liuer with the vaines: the ſeconde is, the members ſpiritual, as the harte with ye artiries, the thirde is the animall members,Example. as the head, braines, & ſinewes. The fourth & laſt, be exeremētes of the bodye, as armes, legges, ſkyn, heere. &c. Of theſe ſayd mē bers, with the boones, is all the body compounded. And like as euery tree and herbe, haue their rootes in the earth, & their braū ches ſpringeth vpwarde, euen ſo the rootes of mankinde, haue the beginning in the brayne, and the ſenewe and braunches groweth downward: in the which braine, dwelleth the vertues of imagination, fantaſie, memory. &c. And theſe animall vertues, be placed as it were heauenly aboue al the members, communicating their heauenly influences, downe vnto the hart, as to a prince, or chefe reuler within the bodye, whiche geueth lyfe to euery part therof. Thou ſhalt cōſider, that the hart was the firſt yt receiued life from the ſpirites, and ſhalbe the laſt yt ſhall die. Note alſo, that as, there be noble ſences geuē to the body, as ſeyng, hearing ſmellynge taſtinge, feling: euē ſo nature hath foure principall vertues. Firſt Attractiue, the ſecond Retētiue, the thirde Diſgeſtiue, the fourth Expulſiue. Attractiue is that by the whiche euery part of the body draweth the fode of life, and ſerueth the vertue diſgeſtiue, and ye Retentiue dooe holde the meate vntill it be ready to be altered & chaunged. Diſgeſtiue do alter, & maketh the foode like vnto the thing ye it nouriſheth, as fleme, bloud. &c. Expulſiue do ſeparate them from the other, the good frō ye bad. Thou oughteſt alſo moſte chiefly to learne the knowledge of the vaynes, and for what ſickneſſe, they muſte bee opened, and what medicines, either in ſirops or pilles thou muſt vſe. And firſt marke this figure of the Anatomie here preſēt before thee, with the heauenly ſignes, becauſe I haue not painted at large the ſeuerall partes of the ſayde Anatomie.

THe middle vayne of the forehead is good to be opened againſt Megrim, forgetfulnes, and paſſions of the head. And they that be leaten bloud of this, or any other vayne, muſte firſte haue their head purged with pillule Chochi Raſis, or ſome purgation, but firſt vſe thinges to extenuate matter, as ſyrruppe of Bugloſſe. &c.

Againſt Leproſy & deafnes. Let bloud the two vaines behind the eartes, and vſe the ſayde pilles or els pillule Aurea Nicholai or Arabice, or confectio Hameth minor.

Againſt replexion or to much bloude, or bloude in the eies, flowyng in the head, open the temple vaines called Artiers, for they bee euer beatynge. And vſe too pourge with pillule Artritice, Nicholai or puluis ad epithema Hepatis.

Againſt Squināce, ſtopping the throte, and ſtoppynge of the breath: Let bloud the vaynes vnder the tounge. And for this vſe Philoniūmaiꝰ Necholai. & Gargariſmes, pillule Bechie, and oximel Simplex.

Vaines called Originales, open not without great coūſaile of a learned Phyſicion, or cunnyng Chirurgiō. They be in the necke, and haue a great courſe of bloud, that gouerneth the head, & the whole body.

Againſt ſhort winde, and euyl bloud, aproching to the hart, and ſpitting bloude. Open the vayne called Cordiaca, or harte vayne, in the arme. Vſe thinges to extenuate, as Aromaticum, Chariophillatum Meſue, ſerapium ex Abſin hii in colde time, ſerapium Boraginis •• hote time, and pillule ſtomochi.

Againſt palſy, yellow Iaundies, burning heats, & apoſtimations of y liuer. Opē ye liuer vain vpon the right arme. Take Serapium ex endiue. Diamargariton frigid Auicenni.

Againſt dropſy,Dropſy. open the vain betwene the belly & the braunch, the right ſide againſt the ſayde dropſy. And the left ſyde againſt the paſſions of the milte, but bee not raſhe, onleſſe ye haue the coū ſayle of one wel ſeen in the Annothomie. Vſe pillule Hiere cum Agarico.

Againſt the ſtoppinge the ſecrete termes or fluxions of wemen, Helpyng the Emorodes. or helpinge the Emorodes and purging fores. Open the vaine called Sophane vnder the ancle. Theriaca is an excelent triacle. Theriaca Andromachi. Pillule Maſtichine, Petri de Ebano.

Within .xx houres after one is infected wt the peſtilence cōming ſodenly. Open the vain betwene the wreſt of the foote, & the great to. Vſe Serapi •• Cichorii, and Pillule peſtilentialis Ruffi.

Againſt ſtinking breath. Opē the vaine betwene the lippe and the chin. Vſe for this Catharicum imperialie. Nicho. Alexandri.

Againſt the toothake. Open the vaine in the rofe of ye mouth. And firſt purge with pillule Choci Raſis, or with pilles of Maſtike.

Againſt quartens, Vſe to eate Capers, and take Pillule Iude Haly or pilluled . lapide Lazule. tercions, & paines of the leftſide. Open the ſplene vaine, commonly called ye lowe vaine, with a wide cutte, & not depe: For Chirurgiōs niſely pricking or opening vayns, with litle Scariſfa ••• ons, doth let out good pure bloud, and ſtill retain, groſſe, cold, and drie earthly matter, to the great hurt of their pacientes. And albeit, many more vaines might heare be ſpokē of: and their vtilities, yet this ſhall well ſuffice by Gods grace to kepe al people in health, that vpō iuſte cauſe, haue theſe vaines opened. Except olde men, wemen with childe, and children vnder xiiii. yeares of age, or men after diuers agues. For bloud letting, will then engendre perillous palſies, as very excellent phiſicions haue well declared. And after one be infected with the peſtilēce xxiiii. houres, before he haue receiued medicine,Miracle helpeth, but no medicen in this caſe. or blod letting, miracle helpeth him, but truely no medicine haue vertue to do it.

¶Iohn.

THis ſame figure although it apereth in many bokes. Yet very fewe do vnderſtand it in al pointes, ſuch be y ſecret workes of nature. And where as thou haſt wel ſpokē of ſome vaines, & apte medicens for the body: I wolde fayne ſe the trewe forme and ſhape of the bones.

¶Humfrey.

OH Iohn, it were a long time to declare ye ſinguler mēbers with the compoundes, as Galen do in his boke of the partes and boones. It requireth onlye one worke, but I haue taken in hād to teach the but a Gouerment of helth: Not withſtandinge at thy requeſt, I wyll ſhowe vnto the a proportion of the boones, no leſſe trewe, than newe, which is the very timber, or poſtes, whervpon oure frayle fleſhe is buyldyd, beginninge in our mothers wombes, and endinge in earth the mother of all thinges. And as the noble Prince Auicen affirmith, ye nomber of al y bones, be CC.xliiii. beſide Siſamina, & Os Laude.

¶Iohn.

THou haſte ſpoken of the opening of vaines, and medicins conuenient to clenſe the bloude, with the figure of boones, but thou haſt not ſpoken of cō uenient tyme when to let bloude, nor of the ſtate or adge of thē whoſe vaines ſhould be opened. Therfore I wold be glad to learne not onely time of bloode lettinge, but alſo, of purging the belly vomites, bathinges: ne inges, and rubbinge of the bodie. &c.

¶Humfrey.

EVery thinge haithe his tyme conueniente & muſt be donne with ſobber diſcreſſion,Time for althinges and not with raſhe ignorācie, which killethe an infinit nōber. Therfore the cauſe muſte be knowen and the time obſerued, as Gallen writeth in the cōmentary of the Afforiſmes, Hipp. in. 1. Affor. 3. of Hippocrites, many bodies be extinguiſhed by ſodeyn death in whome is extreme fulnes, or aboundance. For aboundance 〈◊〉 bloode or any other humer ſayth A riſtotle, Ariſto. in pri. prob. 56. is the cauſe of manye ſickeneſſis, and thoſe menne that vſeth muche glottonie in winter ſhalbe apte to receaue manye diſeaſes in the ſpring time.Auice. in 2. pri. doc. 2. Cap. 6. Therfore when the body haue extreme heate, fulnes of vaines, fluſhing with ſodaine redenes in the face, groſe and rede vryne, and ſuche burninge heat in the nighte that lette the ſlepe. &c: then it is time to euacuate the bodie, with ſome purgation, bloude letting, or abſtinence as the ſtrengthe & adge of the paciente will ſerue. For many diſeaſes, he helped by diſcrete bloude lettinge, as Plurice , hoote feuers.Gallen. in lib. de lobothomia. Frenyces, repletion, or ſurphytes taken wt ouermuche eatynge or drinkinge, as Gallen ſayth, The letting of blode dryethe vppe the ſuperfluous moiſter of the belly, helpeth memorye, purgeth the blader quieteth the braine, warmeth the marie, openeth the orgās of hering, helpeth diſgeſtiō inducith ſlepe, &c.Raſi. in 4. alman. cap. 14. Vnto this agreeth Raſis, ſaing it helpeth greatly againſt leproſies ſquinancis. Appoplexis, peſtilencis. &c. But old men, children or women with childe, ought not to be lette bloode, nor alſo thoſe people that dwell in colde regions maye not be lette bloude, becauſe the bloode is the chiefe warmer of nature: ye people that dwel in hoote regions, if they be letten bloude, it wyll drye there bodies, for bloode is the cheife moiſter of nature. Therfore, is ye heate of ſomer, and the coldnes of winter, forbiddē to opē vains, or let bloud, exept for a ſtripe, or ſodain chaunce,Raſi in 4. alimē. Ca. 14. as Raſis ſayth th ſpring of ye yere is ye chief tyme t let bloud in ye right arme, or right fote,the midle vayne. in the vayne called Median Which vayne muſt be opened aſ well at other times in the beginnīg of ſickneſſes, as hote feuers, & pleurices, &c. As baſilica ſhold be opened in ye midle or towarde thende of a ſicknes. Purgations ought to be miniſtred with great diſcrecion, and not raſhely to be taken, for euerye trifle as thou haſte hard me ſpeake of blood lettinge. So obſerue the ſelfe ſame rules in purgation, as time, perſon,Hip. in. 3. ri. doct. 〈◊〉 . cap. qualitie, or quātitie. For Hippocrates ſayth, withoute doubte it is nedefull to purge the ſuperfluitie of ye bodie. As if bloud do aboūde to take thinges to purge bloud. If ſteame be ſuperfluous, then take thinges to clenſe hys ſuperfluitie. If coller be to ardēt hote, vſe thinges to extinguiſhe, If melācoly be to extreme then taſte thinges to bringe him into a meane.Vſurpatiō in medicin be euill. And not to purge one humer with the medicins of an other, but to take them in dewe rder and aptenes. For the ſayde humers as Valarius cordus, Meſue, and Nicholas, teacheth the maner of making of the moſte excellent purgations with ther quātities. And as in bloode lettinge ſlepe muſte be auoyded for viii. or xii.In the mornyng is beſte to let bloud, euell towarde night. oures after them: ſo when your urgations be taken, ayre is to e auoyded and to be kepte cloſe or ii. or iii. dayes or more, as the alice of the diſeaſe, or power of he purgations be, and the coun yll of Raſis muſte be followed.Raſi in 4. alman. ca. 15. Whiche ſayth oftentimes to take urgations or lax tiue medicēs doth make the bodie weake, and apt to the feuer ethicke, and ſpecialye in verye leane or weake perſons they yt be very fat haue ſmal gutes and vaynes, purgatiōs be verye noyſome vnto thē But ſtrong bodies hauing large veſſelles, maye ſuſteine purgatiōs without any hurt, but ſtrōg purgations, either in pilles or potiōs, if thei any thing do excede be very hurtful: therfore, y doces or quantities, may not exceade. And alſo they muſt bee made as pleaſaunt as arte can dooe them, onles they offende the ſtomake.Meates & medicēs •• eith not excepte pilles before ſupper. Hippocrates geueth counſaile that men ſhould not mingle medicins with meate, but to take them thre or foure houres before meate, or els ſo long after. Onles they be pilles called Antecibum, which may be taken at the beginning o ſupper, or els Pilli chochi, a litle before ſlepe, two houres after ſupper.Tyme to purge. The beſt tyme of purgaciōs is in the ſpring tyme, as the docters doth affirme: the apt daies & ſignes are commonly knowen in the Engliſhe Almanackes, calculated into engliſh? As in the writinges of maiſter Leonarde Digges,Digges Kenningham. & of William Kēnyngham, a learned ſtudent bothe in Aſtronomy and Phiſicke, with many mō good men that taketh paines to profite ye cōmon welth. There is another maner of purging of the body by vomet,Vomites and there profites. for it clenſeth from ye midrife vpward, if they haue large breſtes, and be collericke perſones. It is good againſt dropſies and leproſies, & better in ſommer thē in winter,Hip. Sētin. 4. Aphoriſ. as Hippocrates ſaith: and holſomer one houre before ſupper then at any other time, and not to be vſed as a cuſtome:Coſtome to vomit weakeneth the ſtomack. for the cuſtome of of vomittes hurteth greately the head and eies, and make the ſtomacke ſo feble, that it wil ſcant bere any meates or drinkes, but eſtſones caſte them vp agayne. They which haue narrow throtes and breſtes, and lōg neckes, vomites be neither apt nor good for theim.Auicen. in. 4. pri. cap. 13. And Auicen ſayeth: that vomites ought to be twyſe in the moneth for the conſeruacion of health, but that whiche is more doth hurte the bodye.Of bathes and there propertes. There is an other kinde of the clenſing of the body by ſweeting, as with hoote drinkes, warme clothes, perfumes made of Olibalū brimſtone, niter. &c. There is alſo bathes and ſweetinge in hoote houſes for the pockes, ſcurffe, ſcabbes, hemerodes, piles, which hoote houſes hathe the vertue of helping the ſayd diſeaſes.The diſcōmoditie of cōmon hote houſes. But if any that be of an whole temperat complexion do ſweete in drie hoote houſes, it doth them muche harme: as hyndrynge their eie ightes, decaying their tethe, hur ing memory. The beſt bathing s in a great veſſel, or a litle cloſe place with the euapuration of diuers ſweate herbes well ſodden n water, whiche haue vertue to pen the poores ſoftly, letting out feble and groſſe vapers, whiche ieth betwene the ſkinne and the •• eſhe.To vſe oyntemē tes after bathings is good. This kinde of bathinge is good in the time of Peſtilence, or feuer quartein: in the ende of the athes, it is good to anointe the ody with ſome ſwete oyle, to mo ifie and make ſoft the ſynewes. And thus to cōclude of bathing, t is very holſome, ſo that it bee not doone vppon an emptie ſtomacke,To bathe vpon an empty ſtomalie is perilous. palſeis maye come there by, or to take ſodaine colde after it, there foloweth an other purgacion, called neſing or ſternutacion whiche is benificiall for the bodie if it be vſed vpon an empty ſtomacke.Of neſing Twyſe or thriſe in a morning with a lefe of Bittony, put into thy noſe, it helpeth memory, good againſte opilation, ſtopping, & obſtructions: Suſpoſiters be good for weake people or childrē,Of ſuppoſiters. made with Hieria Picr & hony, made in the length of a finger:Soringe doth muche good to the bodye. Scarifiyng or boxing, as Gallen ſaieth: applied vnto the extreme partes, as the legges, and the armes, doth great helpe vnto the body, in drawing watery humour away from the bodye, but boxing is not good for the breſte, applied therto in hote feuers, is aungerous.I will ſpeake more of Gliſters in my boke of healthful medicins Gliſters made ac ording to arte, be good for them hiche be to weake to take pur ations. The maner of the ſayd Cliſters, becauſe they be not here 〈◊〉 be ſpoken of at large, I entend y Gods grace to ſet forth in my ext boke of Helthful medicins. Purgacions venerus,Manye practicioners of actes venerus. there be 〈◊〉 many practicioners thereof, hat I neede to wryte no rules: ut this, that effectiō, luſt, & fan aſie, haue baniſhed chaſtitie, tē raunce, and honeſtie.

¶ Iohn.

Laine people in the countrey, as carters threſſhers, ditchers, colliers, & owmen, vſe ſeldome tymes to waſhe eir hādes, as appereth by their filthy s, & as very fewe tymes combe their ads, as it is ſene by floxe, neites, eſe, fethers, ſtrawe, and ſuche like, hich hangeth in their eares. Whe er is waſſhing or cōbing thinges to decorate or garniſhe the body, or 〈…〉 bryng health to the ſame?

¶ Humfrey.

THou ſeeſt that ye deare, eſ es & birdes, vſe frictious and pruninge thē ſelues horſe, or cowe, will vſe friction or rubbing thē ſelues againſt trees both for their eaſe and healthe. Birdes and haukes, after their bathing will prune & rouſe them ſelues vpon their braūches and perkes,The profit whiche cometh in waſhing, the hādes with cold water. and al for healthe. What ſhould man do, whiche is reaſonable but to kepe hym ſelf clene, & often to waſhe ye hādes, which is a thinge moſte comfortable to coole the heate of the liuer, if it b done often, the handes be alſo the inſtrumentes to the mouthe and eies, with manye other thinges cōmōly to ſerue ye body. To waſ the handes in cold water is very holſome for the ſtomake and lyuer, but to waſh with hote wate engendreth rumes,Hote water is vnholſome to waſhe hands in wormes and corruption, in the ſtomacke, becauſe it pulleth awaye naturall heate vnto the warmed place, whiche is waſhed.Fricatiō is holſom for the body. Frication or rubbing the bodye, is good to bee done a morninges after the purgation of the belly with warme clothes, frō the head to the breſt, then to the belly, from the belly to the thighes, legges, & ſo furth. So that it be done downwarde, it is good. And in drie folkes to be rubbed with the oyle of camomyll.Comyng the head Coming of the headde is good a morninges, and doth cō forte memorie, it is euill at night and open the pores.Cuttinge of heare & paring of nayles be comly for men The cutting of the heer, and the paring of the nailes, cleane keping of ye eares, and teathe, be not onely thynges comely and honeſt, but alſo holſome rules of Phiſicke for to be ſuperfluous thinges of thexcrementes.

¶ Iohn.

THe chief thing that I had thought to haue demaunded, and the verie marke that I would haue the to ſhote at, is to tell me ſome thing of dietinge my ſelf with meate & drinke, in health and ſicknes.

¶ Humfrey.

THere is to bee conſidered in eating and drinking,A conſideration to he had in eatinge & drinking the time of hunger or cuſtome, the place of eatynge and drinkinge, wheit be colde or hoote, alſo the time of the yeare, whether it be Wynter or Sommer: Alſo the age or complexion of the eater, and whether he be hoole or ſicke: alſo the thinges which be eaten, whether they be fiſhe or fleſhe, frutes or herbes. Note alſo the cōplexions and tempramentes of the ſayde meates, hoote or colde, drie or moiſt, and moſte chiefly, marke the quantitie & ſo furth. And like as lampes doth cōſume the oyle, whiche is put vnto them, for the preſeruaciō of the light, although it cannot continue for euer: ſo is the naturall heate which is with in vs preſerued by humiditie & moiſtnes of bloude and fleame, whoſe chiefe engenderer be good meates and drinkes. As Auicen ſaieth deethica. When naturall heat is quēched in ye body, thē of neceſſitie, the ſoule muſt departe from the body. For the worckeman can not worke when his inſtrumente is gone.A cauſe why the ſoule departeth from the body. So the ſpirites of life, can haue no exerciſe in the body when there is no natural heate to worke vpon. Without meate ſaieth Galen: it is not poſſible for any mā to liue, either whole or ſicke, and thus to conclude, no vital thing liueth with out refection and ſuſtenaunce, whether it be animall reaſonable, or animale ſenſible, without reaſon or any vital thing in ſenſible, both man, beaſt fiſſhe, and worme, tree, or herbe. All theſe thinges be newtrified with the influence or ſubſtaunce of the foure Elementes or any of thē.

¶Iohn.

VVell Humfrey thou knoweſt well my cōplexion & diſorder of my diat, what remedy for me? that haue liued lyke a riyotter.

¶Humfrey.

I Know it wel thou arte flegmatike,To eate both fiſhe & fleaſhe together hurteh y flematick and therfore it is longe or thy meate is diſgeſted. When thou doſte eat fyſhe and fleſhe together, it dothe corrupte in thy ſtomack and ſtinke, euen ſo doth harde cheſe and cold frutes. And olde poudred meates, and rawe herbes ingender euil humers, ſo y diuerſitie of qualitie, and quā titie of dyuers meates, dothe bringe muche payne to the ſtomack, and doth engendre many diſeaſſes, as thou maſte rede in the firſte booke of Galen: Galen. iuuemētis membrorum. c .iiii. And the Prince hym ſelfe ſayth in iii. pri. Hipocrites. doc. ii. Ca. vii. Saing nothing is more hurt ful then diuers meates to be ioyned together. For whyle as the laſte is receauing, the firſt begin to diſgeſte. And when the table is garniſhed wt diuers meates, ſome roſted, ſome fried & baken, ſome warme, ſome colde, ſome fyſhe, ſome fleſhe, with ſundrye frutes and ſalletes of dyuers herbes to pleſe thyne eye, remē ber with thy ſelfe that the ſighte of them all is better,To fede of diuers ſortes of meates corrupteth the bodye. then the feding of them all. Conſider wyth thy ſelfe thou arte a man and no beaſte, therfore be tēparet in thy feding and remember the wyſe wordes of Salomō. Be not gredie ſayth he in euery eating,Eccl. 37. and be not haſtie vpon all meates. For exceſſe of meates, bringeth ſicknes, and glottonie cometh at the laſt into an vnmeaſurable heat. Through ſurphite haue manye one periſhed,A good diet prolongeth lyfe. but he that diateth himſelfe temperatly prolongeth his lyfe. Therfore groſe fyſhe, lambes fleſh, the in meates of beaſtes, rawe herbes, pygges braynes, and all ſlimie meates, be euyll for the: but late ſuppers is worſte of all: But ſpeciallye if they be long, for it cauſeth paynful nightes to folowe. But Galen ſaythe in his boke De ethimia the meates whyche be withoute all blame, be thoſe whiche be betwene ſubtyll and groſe. Good bread of clene wheate, fleſhe of capons or hēnes, pheſantes and patriches, pigions, and turtill doues, black birdes, and ſmall fielde birdes, roſted veale, or boyled motton:What kindes of meates dothe cauſe good bloud. Theſe dooe engender good bloude ſayth Galen. Note alſo that any other meate that thou doeſt eate at ſupper, although it ſeme repugnant to aflegmatike ſtomack, if thou ſlepe well after it, and fele no payne, thou mayeſte vſe it as a meate neceſſary. And when thou canſte not ſlepe wel, if the defaute came through meate, marke yt meate or drinke, althoughe it appere pleſāt, refuſe it as an enemi. And wheras thou haſt vſed euil diete as a cuſtome in abuſinge time, quantitie & qualitie, be litle, and litle, bring thy ſelf into good order & to time, bothe for thy brekfaſtes, dinner and ſupper. Prouided alwaye to eate good thinges, but not many thinges. For like as repletiō or aboūdaūce of meate is an enemy vnto the bodie, and the ſoule, and bringeth ſodayne death:What hurt commeth of an emty ſtomacke when ye go to bed euen ſo is emptines a ſhorter of time, aweker of ye brayne, a hinderer of memorye an increaſer of wind, coller, and melancolye. And oftentimes to manye, bringeth ſodayne death alſo excepte nature haue ſome thing to worke vpō, as I did tel the before: vſe ſome light things at breckfaſt of perfite diſgeſtion within iiii. houres after that receaue thy dinner, obſeruinge the good order of diete, drinkinge wine or beere oftentymes, & litle attōs,A order of dieting eſchewing great draughtes of drinke, whiche is vſed amōgſt beaſtes, and mingle thy meate with mirth, which is euer the beſte diſhe, at the borde, & be thankfull to God. And ſo leue wt an appetite, paſſinge the time wyſlie betwene dinner & ſupper, with exercyſe, laboure, ſtudie or paſtime, vnto thēde of vi. houres and then begin thy ſupper, prouided that it be ſhorter then thy dinner, eating thy meate be lytle and litle: for gredye and ſodayne eatinge is hurtfull to nature, as Galen ſaythe in his diatory,Galen me trite. Note alſo, that thou mayſt eate more meate in winter then in ſo er, becauſe thy naturall heate is encloſed wt thy bodie in winter, but vniuerſalie ſprede in ſo er. Alſo Collericke men maye as lightely diſgeſte biefe, baken, veniſon. &c. With aſmuch ſpeade and litle hurte as the flegmatike mā may eate, rabit, chekē & partriche,The melancoly. &c. But the melancoly mā throughe the coldnes of the ſtomacke haue not that ſtrength in the ſtomacke as he haue prōptnes in wil, to eate things warm and moiſte be good for him.The ſanguine. The ſanguine man is not ſo ſwyfte in this diſgeſtion, as the hoote collerike man is. But notwithſtāding, he hath good diſgeſtion through the humiditie & warmnes of bloud, and coueteth to eat ſwete thinges, whiche greatlye agment yt bloud: therfore ſharpe ſaucis made with vineger, onnions, & barbaries be holeſome. Purſlen, ſorrell, ſmal fiſhes that fedith vppon the ſtones in fayre running waters, cucombers and pure frech wine partely delayed ith water, be good for the ſaide anguine men: to kepe them frō uch encreaſe of fleſhe.

¶Iohn.

THou haſt ſhewed vnto me, a verye diſcrete and wholſome order of diet articular to my ſelfe, and partly to o her complexiōs: but what rule or pre y Gouerment is for ſicke folkes?

¶Humfrey.

THey that be ſodeinlye vexed with ſharpe ſickneſſes,An order for the di tinge of ſuch as be ſicke of ſharpe feuers. muſt aue thinne dietes, with water ruell, thyn mutton or chickens ottage without any fat or thick es, violet leues, endiue leaues, nd ſuche lyke cooling herbes, & t their drinkes be made of Te ntes, thus do to them that haue ote harpe ſickeneſſes, occaſio ed of choller. And alſo colde ſi pes of endiue, violets, ſuger, ater, and vineger, ſodden together be very holſome. But if ſickneſſes be long of continuaunce, their diet muſt be the thicker, & their meates made the ſtronger, ſpecially if their diſeaſes be cold: with the fleſhe of cockes, capōs, temperate wyne, ſtewed brothe, with holſom herbes, as buglos, burrage, baſel, parcely, and fyncle rootes, with ſome maces, daits, damaſke prunes, rayſins of the ſunne,Of ſiroppes and drynkes and ſuche like. Siropes of Iſope and ſiterion, prouided yt they neither take meate nor medicine immediatly before or ſone after their fittes. Poſſitale with clarified herbes, excepted, whiche they maye take, for their comforte, accordinge to the eſtate of their diſeaſe, for ſuch as be ſicke, muſt haue meate, contrary to their complexion. For they that be cold, muſt haue hote meat, and medicines. And they that be drie, muſte haue moiſte thinges. But they that be hoote muſt haue colde thinges, for the ardent heate of the fier is quenched with the moiſtnes of ye water, & ſo the quātitie of one qualitie, ouercommeth the qualitie of an other. And in deede, phiſicke ſaith, the bodies that bee hoote, muſt be fed with thinges lyke, as they that be moiſt, with moiſt thynges to preſerue their moiſtnes. They that bee hoote, with hoote thynges to preſerue their heate, and ſuche lyke. But when they dooe exceade in heate, colde, moiſt or drie, then let the qualities of moiſtnes, be tēpered with rienes,As the cō plexion is ſo man requireth. & the coldnes wt warm es. For like as man deliteth in hinges of like, as the collericke man, collericke thinges, euen ſo do beaſtes, & frutes, as the Colloquintida, which is bitter, deliteth in bitter ground. Hote ſpices deliteth to growe in hote groūd, and euery frute and herbe dothe delite in the thing that is of likes euen ſo doth man in his foode. But in al things let him beware of diſtemperaunce, ſurfites or replecion, reare ſuppers & dronkenes.

¶Iohn.

BVt if a man feleth great grief after meates or drinkes, what waye is there then for to helpe him?

¶Humfrey.

VSe walking vp and down,The. iii. doctrine, The. vii. chap. Moderat walke after meat profiteth. and perhappes that wyl diſgeſte, as Auicen ſaieth: And Raſ •• ſayeth, to walke a hundreth paces after meate, is holſome, for it comforteth diſgeſtion, prouoketh vryne, and geueth one power and ſtrengthe of ſtomacke 〈◊〉 eate his ſupper. But the coun aill of Galene, Gallen. in, 6. de accedenti & morbo. 1. cap. muſt here be obſer ed. Whiche ſaieth: there is no eate but it wyll corrupte or inke, if the body be caſt into a •• dayne heate, by ſtronge trauel ne after meate, whiche corrup •• on of diſgeſtion, is the mother f all diſeaſes, and the beginner f all infirmities,Auice. in 13. theo. 3. tracte. 3. cap. as Auicen re orteth: And if you ſe this wyll ot helpe to diſgeſte your ingor ed full ſtomake, then prouoke our ſelfe to ſleepe liyng vppon our ryght ſide, leaning toward our breſt and belly, laiyng your arine hande vpō your breſt, as uerois ſaith:To healp diſgeſtion by diuers wayes. the power of diſge ion is made ſtrōg whē a mā ſle eth. For natural heat yt is dra ē inwardly with warmnes, or eat hath power to diſgeſt. But ſlepe eaſe you not, prouoke vo mit or faſt it out, and this is th counſell of many learned men For it is no meruaile althoug manye meates corrupteth one man,Hipo. in ſecondo prim. doc. 3. ca. 6 Hec ſigna declar nt. whiche be of ſundry and d •• uers workinges in the ſtomake, liuer, & vaines, for the qualities doth hinder nature as muche as the quantities. And take hede, theſe ſignes and euill tokens, be not founde in you. The paines of all your members with idelnes & wearines, to go or moue your bodie. Sodayne greate bluſſhynge or readnes in your face, vaynes ſwelled and puffed vp, read vryue, and groſſe ſkine, extended or ſtretched out with fulnes, like a blowen bladder & full pulſes, ſmall deſire to meat, ill reſte and grief in ſlepe, ſeming in ſlepe to beare ſome intollerable burdeyne, or dreamyng to be ſpecheles, theſe be the euill and daungerous tokens of repletiō. And of this I geue you warning, for it hath ſlayne as manie by aboundance, as hunger hath killed through ſcarcitie.

¶Iohn.

I Haue hearde ſaye that holſome ayre is a great comforte to mans nature, but corrupt ayre doth muche harme. I ſhall require you therfore to tell me of the good and the bad ayre, that I may learne to vſe the good, & refuſe y bad.

¶Humfrey.

GAlen in lib. de Sectis. ſayeth: A wyſe phiſiciō ought to know the natures of men, of waters, of aire, of regions and dwellings, generally, particulerly to thy ſelf, being a natural Engliſh man of birth and education: this lande is very temporat. How be it, our dwellinges in this lād, be variable as fennes, mariſſes, wodes, heythes, valleis, playnes, and rockie places, and neare the ſea ſyde.Note which be the moſt holſomſt ayers to dwell in. But the ſayde Galen geueth counſail in his regimēt of helth, ſaiyng: a good aire which is pure and holſome is that, whiche is not troubled in ſtanding waters, pooles. Therfore maris groūds & places, where hempe & flaxe, is rotten, & dead carions be caſt, or multitudes of people dwelling to together, or houſes inuironed wt ſtāding waters, wherinto iakes or ſinkes, haue iſſues, or wallowing of ſwine,what airs corrupteth the bloud. or cariō vnbruied or foull houſes, or ſuch like places be daūgerous, corrupteth the bloud, whiche is worſe then enfectiō of meate, for ye prince ſaith, that al places of concauetes, as fellers, voltes, holes of minerals where mettels be digged, or houſes, or walles, ioyned together, where as ye ſunne with reflexion beateth in wt ſodain heate, whoſe abſence bryngeth colde. This aire is diſtempered, but pleſaunt clere aire, ſwete gardens, goodlye hilles, in daies tēperat when one may ſe far of.Corrupte aire bringeth ſondry diſeaſes. Theſe be good alſo, there be certain ſtars called infortunates, in their exal acion, whoſe influence bringeth corruptiō to creatures, rot & peſti ence to men & beaſts, poiſoning waters, & killing of fiſh, blaſting of frute in trees, and corne in the ields, infecting mē with diuers iſeaſes, feuers, palſes, dropſis, ranſes, falling ſickeneſſes, and eproſis.Feruent praier vnto God, doth mi tigate h •• wrath. Agaīſt ye ſaid influēces l chriſten men muſt pray to god 〈◊〉 be their defēce, for thei be gods •• ſtrumētes to puniſheth earth. Example, we haue of mortall peſtilence, horrible feuers, and ſweeting ſickenes, and of late a generall feuer, that this lande is oftē greatly plaged withal. Thē one muſte make a fier in euerye chymnay within thy houſe,Sweete aire to be made in ye tyme of ſicknes and burne ſwete perfumes to purge this foule aire, and nowe in concluſion to aunſwere thy queſtiō, for the health of dwelling. Auicen ſaith: to dwell vpō hilles is cold. And in valleis compriſed with hilles, is hote. Vpon a hyll ſyde againſt the north, is cold & drie. Towarde ye weſt, groſe, & moiſt, verie ſubtill towardes the Eaſt. And cleare and warme towards the South. And Raſis ſaieth: in his firſt boke Afforien. A mā dwelling nere the Sea ſide, or greate waters, can not liue lōg, nor can not be without weakenes of mē bers, or blindnes, but the beſt building of a houſe,Situaciō beſt for a houſe. is vpō a drie ground, and a hill towardes the weſt ſide, and ſouth weſt. dores, and windowes opē towards the eaſt, and north eaſt, hauing nere vnto ye ſaid houſe, ſwete ſprings of running waters. From ſtony or chaukye grounde, whiche is both pleaſaunt and profitable to the houſe. For Hippocrates ſaieth in his boke of aire and water: the ſecond chapter. Cities & townes, which is placed toward the eaſt, be more ſurer, then the townes builded towardes the north, for temperat aire or wynde, and ſickeneſſes be les. And in the ſayde boke, Auicen greatly commēdeth pleaſant riuers rūning towards the riſing of the ſunne, the dwellers in ſuche places ſayeth he,Pleaſaunt people. be fayre and well fauored: ſmothe ſkynned, cleare & ſharpe voyces, and thus to conclude with thee, this ſhal ſuffiſe at this time, what and where, good & pleaſant dwelling is. Note alſo, that thou muſt obſerue aire in ſickenes, as thou muſt do meate in ſickenes, colde ſickneſſis, warme aire, drie ſickneſſis, moiſte ayre, and ſo in the contraries to them that be ſicke, and they that be hole, aire of like qualitie is moſte holſome, they that haue lōg ſickeneſſ is, chaūge of aire is a great helpe, bothe in feuers, dropſies, fallyng ſyckeneſſes and rumes.

¶Iohn.

I Haue founde very muche diſquietnes in my body, when my ſeruaunts and labouryng familie, haue founde eaſe, & yet we are partakers of one aire.

¶Humfrey.

THe cauſe why thy labouring ſeruauntes in the fielde at plough,moderate exerciſe a ſouera •• thing. paſtures, or woode, haue ſuch good health, is exerciſe and labour, & thy diſquietnes cometh partly of Idlenes, and lacke of trauel, which moderatly vſed, is a thing moſt ſoueraint to nature.

¶Iohn.

I pray yt tel me ſome thing of exerciſe.

¶Humfrey.

THe well learned man Fulgentius, Fulgen. in lib. 2. ſaith: that exerciſe is afile and chaufer of the heate natural, whiche chaſſeth away ſlepe,What profit cō meth by exerciſe. and cōſumeth ſuperfluous ſtrength. Of the naturall vertues, redeamynge of tyme, enemye vnto Idlenes, dewe vnto yong men, ioy of old mē, and to ſay ye truthe: he which doth abſtein frō exerciſe ſhal lacke ye ioyes of helth, & quietnes, both of body & mynde. And Galen ſaieth: in his regiment of health, if we wil kepe ꝑfit health, We muſte begin of laborrs and moderat trauell and then to our meate and drinke, and ſo for the to ſlepe, & this is the cauſe whye haukers, ſhooters, hunters, and plowmen, and gardeners, &c. haue ſo good dyſgeſtyon and ſtrength of bodie. Who be ſtronger armed men then Smithes, becauſe of the exerciſe of there armes: ſtronger boddyed, then carpenters, which lifteth greate blockes, and maſons which beareth greate ſtones, not onely in there youth, but ſuche men will take meruelous traueles in age which to Idle people ſemeth verye paynefull,Vſe meketh labour eſy. but vnto them ſelues that trauell no paine but pleaſure, becauſe of cuſtome. Theſe people can diſgeſte groſe meates, eating them with much pleaſure, and ſlepinge ſoundlye after them, wheras the idle multitudes in Cities & noble mens houſes, great nombers for lacke of exerciſe doth abhorre meates of lighte diſgeſtion and dantye diſſhes, marye in deade thei may be very profitable to phiſicions. But if trauell be one of the beſte preſeruer of helth, ſo is Idlenes the diſtroyer of life,Apho. as Auerdis writeth, and Hippocrates ſaynge euery contrarie is remoued and helped by his cōtrarie, as health helpeth ſicknes, exerciſe putteth away Idlenes,Idelnes the mother of al miſchiefe &c. But euery ight mouinge or ſofte walking maye not be called an exerciſe s Galen ſaythe, therfore tennis, anſinge, runninge, wraſtlinge idinge vppon great horſſes, or eyned, aſwell for the ſtate of ennes health, as for pleaſure, wherunto it is nowe conuerted, rather to the hurte of many then the profyte of fewe, exerciſe doth occupye euery parte of the bodye, quycken the ſprytes, purge the excrenentes boythe by the raynes, and gutes, therfore it muſte be vſed before meate,Exerciſe before meate. for if ſtronge exerciſe be vſed inmediatlie after meate, it conueyeth corruption to eche parte of the bodye, becauſe the meate is not diſgeſted, but when thou ſeſte thy water, After meate appeareth ſome what citiene or yellow then mayſte thou beginne exerciſe, for diſgeſtion is then well. But ſicke folkes, leene perſons, yong childrē, women with childe may not much trauel. The exerciſe of dice, cardes, fighting, drinking, knauiſhe raling, of bauderye, and ſuch lyke: rather may be called an exerciſe of deuels, then of men. And thus to cōclud with Salomō, quam pretioſus ſit ſanitas theſa ••• s.

¶Iohn.

AFter paynfull labor and exerciſe, or diſquietnes of the minde, there was neuer thinge that haue done me ſo much comfort as ſlepe haue doone.

¶Humfrey.

AVicen ſayth, Auicen in can. Of ſlepe and waking. that ſlepe is the reſte and quietnes of the powers of the ſoule, of mouinges and of ſenſis, wythout the which man can not liue. And trewly ſlepe is nothinge elſe but an Image or brother to death,Tulli. in lib. de ſene. as Tulli ſaith. And if by imaginatiō thou ideſt perſeue ſleping & waking wayed in the balance together, there thou ſhould ſee them equal in waight,Ariſt. in lib. de ſo. for Ariſtotle ſayth that man do ſlepe as muche as he do wake. But this is to be conſidereth in ſlepe, that naturall heate is drawen inwardely and diſgeſtion made perfyte, the ſprites quieted and all the bodye comforted, if the trew order of ſlepe be obſerued in ſixe pointes. Firſt a quiat minde without y whiche ether there is no ſlepe, or elſe dredfull dremes, turmentinge the ſprittes. Secondly the tyme of ſlepe, whyche is the nyghte, or tyme of moſte quyat ſylens, for the daye ſlepes be not good, moſte chieflye ſoone after dinner, excepte to ſicke perſons or yonge Children, in there tymes conuenient. Thyrdly, the maner of ſlepe,Slepe after dinner not helhtful. that is to eſchewe the lyinge on the backe, which bringeth manye grenous paſſions, and killeth the ſleper wyth ſodden death. To lye vppon the left ſyde is very euell in the fyrſte ſlepe, but tollerable in the ſeconde, but the moſt ſuereſt waye to make the digeſtion perfite, is to lye vpon the righte ſyde, with one of the handes vpon the breſt Forthly ſlepe haue the quantety which muſt be meene,Slepe on the right ſyde is beſt. for ſuperflous ſlepe maketh the ſprytes groſſe and dul, and decayeth memorye, ſixe or eyght houres wyll ſuffice nature. For lyke aſmuche watche dryeth the bodye, and is perilous for fallinge ſicknes,Gal. ſen. 1. terap. ca. 6. & blindnes: euen ſo to muche ſlepe is as perilous, for extremes be euer yll. Fyftlye in the tyme of cold feuers, the patient muſt not ſlepe vntill the trimbling fyt be paſte, for then the hote fitte that foloweth wyll be extremer than any other fit, and harde to helpe, note forthermore yt thoſe bodies that be ful of hote inflamations ſlepe not wel, therfore thye muſt vſe thinges to extenuat and to make colde, as Tizantes and cold Siruppes, or gētle purging frō the belly and lyuer, or finallye to haue the median vayne opened according to time, ſtate, and age. Sixtly the chamber muſte be conſidered that it be clene, ſwete comly, clothes fyt for the time of the yere, & the age of the people and to kepe the hedde warme, is very holſom, for in ſlepe natural heat is drawen into the bodie for the brayne of nature is cold and moyſte.Thy lodging muſte be kepte clene. Windowes in the ſouth parte of the chāber, be not good, it is beſte for them whiche haue cold reumes, dropſes, &c. To lye in cloſe loftes, and for drye bodies to lye in lewe chambers, & in ye tyme of the Peſtilence, often chyfte chambers is healthfull, yinge vppon the ground in gardens,Note that ſleapeers in fildes in harueſte ſhalbe in dannger of quartens in winter. vnder trees, or nere vnto ſtinking pryuies be hurtefull to the bodye, and this ſhall ſuffice for thyne inſtructiō of ſlepe, prouided that thou duſte not longe etayne thyne vryn. For feare of the ſtone, and payne in thy aynes.

¶Iohn.

THere is nothinge whiche I more feare then the ſlone, for my father was ſore vexed therewith, what ſhall marke in mine vryne.

¶Humfrey.

AMong all mortall diſeaſes, ye ſtone is the greateſt, a pre enter of time, a deformer of mā, and the chief wekener of the bo y, and a greuous enemy to the ommon wealth. How many noble men and worſhipfull perſonages hathe it ſlayne in this realme:The cauſe of ye ſtone many one, whiche comet of hote wynes, ſpices, long ban quettes, repletiōs, fulnes, coſti nes, warme kepinge of ye backe ſalte meates. &c. The remedy wherof is in al pointes contrary to theſe cauſes,remedies for y ſtone ſmal wines, tēperat beer, or ale, no ſpices, but hol ſome herbes, as tyme, percilly faxifrage. &c. Light meales, mo chiefly the ſupper, no baken, no roſtid thinge, but onely ſodde meates, and often times to rela •• the belly with Caſſia fiſtula, new drawen from the Cane, with ſuger and to eſchewe ſalt meates and not to kepeth ye back warm the ſtone is often found in yong children, whiche commeth of th parentes, and oftentimes in old folke. Whiche ſtones be engengendred as I haue ſaide: beſides milke, frutes, herbes, ſaltfyſhe, & fleſh, hard cheſe. &c. Now marke well this leſſon followyng, for thyne vrine.

¶Iohn.

THat ſhall I gladly, reade but ſoftly and I wyll wryte thy wordes.

¶Humfrey. FIrſt in vrine .iiii. thinges Marke Thus ſaid Actuarii the good clarke,Foure thīgs noted in vrines. uller regentes and contentes therein. Subſtaunce groſſe, thicke or thyn. faire light, an vrinall puer, Then of thy ſight, thou ſhalt be ſuer. uller of bright gold or gilte,Golden vrine. s health of liuer, harte and mylte. ead as chery,Read vrine. or ſafron drie, xceſſe of meat in him I ſpie. uller grene, or like darke read wyne, r reſembling the liuer of a ſwyne.Grene vrine. s aduſtion with fiery heate urning the lyuer and ſtinking ſweate addy culler or black as incke,Couller like lead. eath draweth neere as I do thinke. xcept the termes which women haue, Or purging black coller, which many do ſaue Culler grey as horne, 〈…〉 or clere as water, Is lacke of diſgeſtion ſayth mine auther. Vrin like fleſhe broth is very good, 〈…〉 like 〈◊〉 be ••• h. Beginneth diſgeſtion and noriſhe blood. Subcitrine and yellow be vrins next beſt, Bread and fleſhe will well diſgeſt. The vrin that is whyte and thicke, 〈◊〉 ••• ite & 〈◊〉 v in ••• ite & 〈◊〉 vrin. 〈◊〉 •• we 〈◊〉 . Is euer Called flegmaticke. Melancholy water is whyte and thin, The redde and groſſe is Sanguin. Yellow and thyn, ſpringe from the gall, Wherin holler ruleth all. The ſwelling lyuer and braynes blouddy, Cauſes Circle thicke with culler ruddy. But whan Circles be thyn and red, ••• esar 〈◊〉 no ••• Choller graue the right ſyde of the head. If ledden Circles ſwim on the brink, It is falling ſicknes as I do think. When Oyle in vrin dothe apeer, 〈…〉 in 〈…〉 . Reſolutio pinguis draweth neer. When Oyle apeere in feuers hote, Diſſoluinge the body, 〈◊〉 ••• oti ••• ••• s ter 〈◊〉 ••• rcit. 〈◊〉 ••• ravel 〈◊〉 ••• n. cauſeth ablote. But of Periotides, thou felſt no paynes, This Oyle Pronogſtick, conſuming raynes. The grauell red declareth for euer, In drye backyd men duble tertian feuer. Whan golden grauell aperyth alone, It hurt the raines but is no ſtone. Whan grauel is of couller whight, Stone in the bladder worketh ſpight. Contentes like ſmale thrides or heers, Through heate & drienes y body weers.Cōtents in vrin be the chiefe things to know diſeaſes. Conſumtion, ſcabbe, ſmall ſport & luſt, Is whā many heers be mingled wt duſt. In the bottom of vains, or veſſels great, ieth ſtoppīg matter like bran of wheat. Wherin contentes are, like ſkales of fiſh As apereth in the chamber diſhe. Theſe ſignifie feuers, and ethickes olde, Or ſkabs, which the bladder do infolde. Whight froth ſwymīg, cometh of wind, The yelow froth, is of Iaunders kynd. Thus of vrins I do conclude, With wordes of truthe, but meter rude.

¶ Here is alſo a litle of ye ſignes of the excrementes of the belly.

OVr filthy dunge, and fex moſte vile, The dregges of natures fode,Many cullers in one ſtole be euill. Whan thei be diuers coullerid made The ſingnes be neuer good. If the ſiege be like vnto the meat, Newe drawen into the mawe,ſingns of Crudite & wynde. Or fleting with flem or burbles great. The body is wyndy and rawe. The yelowe doth from choller cum,Collerick ſignes. The grene is burnt aduſt, The black and leady,Signes deadly. be deadly ſignes, That fleſhe wyll turne to duſte. The excremēt that is in ye iackes caſt,Oile excrements ſignify cō ſumſion except the cauſe be of fatte meates. If it haue oyle or fatte, Conſuption of body than begin, The chiefeſt ſigne is that. The priue ſoft well compacte, Made in the acuſiomed time, Is euer good and the hard is ill, And thus I ende my ryme.Stooles ſoft and hard.
¶ Iohn.

ONs I fel into a great ſicknes, and hetherto I am ſkant recouered of it, the ſurfite was ſo great, but couſaill was geuen me, that I ſhould not ſtaye my ſelfe vpon the opinion of any one phiſicion, but rather vpon three, then ſayd I: to retayne thre at once, requiquireth great charge, for thoſe men to whome lyues be committed, ought liberall rewardes to be geuen. Then ſayd my frende, they are good gentlemen and no great takers. What bee their names ſaid I? he aunſwered ſaiyng: The firſt was called doctor diet,Diet. Quiet. Meximā the ſeconde doctor quiet, the thirde doctor mery mā. I did wryte their names, but yet I could not ſpeake with them.

¶ Humfrey.

HEtherunto I haue ſayd ſomthing that ſhall well ſuffice for the to knowe doctor diat, as for quiet, and mery man, they lie in no phiſicions handes, to giue, but onlye in Goddes.It were better to lacke ryches, thē to wante quietnes & mirth. For ſmall it helpeth to any man, to haue honour, riches, fame, conning. &c. And in the meane time, to wante quietnes, and mirth, whiche bee the chief frendes. Tendriſt nuryſhes, holſomeſt phiſiciōs, moſte pleſaunt muſicions, & friendlieſt cōpanions, to nature, pleaſaunt birdes ſinging in the branches, be more happier then rauening Cormerantes, and gready haukes, whiche with paines inchaſeth their prais. The quiet lābes be euer happier in their kynde, then ye gredy rauining foxes, wolues and lions,Many apt ſimilitudes or mettophers. which neuer ceſe, vexing them ſelues, to kil liuing things for their fode. The poore oyſter, lurking vnder the rock, or ſande, whiche is neuer remoued of ſtronge ebbes nor fluddes, is farder from trauell & continuall paynes, then the horrible whale, moſt feareful to fiſhes. The low ſhrubs, or buſhes growyng nere to the ground, be euer in more ſauegarde then the luſty highe floriſhyng trees, ſpred with pleaſāt braunches, whiche be ſubiect to euery ſtrong wynde. The poore bootes in harbor, be in leſſe peryl then the fikle riche ſhips, toſſed vp & downe on the cruel fluddes. What ſhal I ſay: but this, that ye miſerable ragged begger called Irus, was more happier in his pouertie with quietnes & mirth, then was the glotonus beaſte, & mōſterous man king Sardanapalꝰ, with all his goldē glory court of ruffians, & Curticens with Cam to an end moſte ſhamefull. Diogenes, I warrant you was not inferor to Alexander, in the ſtate of Happines, and haue left as great a fame behind him, ſauing that Alexāder, was a more cruel murderer then Diogenes a chaſt liuer.The pleaſure of poore mē. In dede ye poore ſylly ſhepehard, doth pleaſantly pipe with his ſhepe, whan mighty princes do fight amonge their ſubiectes, & breake manye ſlepes in goldē beds, whā bakers in bags, & brewers in bottels, do ſnorte vpō hard ſtrawe, fearing no ſodaine miſhappe. The great paynes and ſecrete grieues that diſquieted myndes, dooe daylye ſuſteyne, bee not muche vnlike vnto the infernall turmentes,The turments of the mind that the wicked dooe fele: Phyſicke vnto an extreme troubled mynde (ſaye what they lyſte:) helpeth as lyttell, as to aplye a playſter to the breaſte, or head, of a dead bodye, to reuocate the ſpirites of lyfe or ſoule agayne. The ſyckenes of the body muſte haue medicine, the paſſions of the mynde, muſt haue good coū ſel. What pleaſure hath a condē ned man in muſicke, or a dead man in phiſicke?Through thought many are ylled. Nothyng at all God knoweth. Oh howe many men haue bene caſte awaye by thoughte, and moſte for loſſe of eſtimacion, and ſome of other affections of the mynde, as inordinate loue, or couetyng thynges that they can not gette,Ire is a greuous paſſion. or optaynynge thoſe thynges that they can not kepe, or ire of other mēs proſperitie or. good happe.Tul. in tuſcū. li. 3 Ouid. in lib. 2. metha. As Tully ſayeth: Ouide, as fyne in Poetrie, as Apelles was in paintyng, diſcribeth this vyle paſſion of Ire, with a pale face, lene body, ſkoulyng looke, gnaſſhing teeth, venym tounge, collericke tomacke, tounge full of poyſon, ngratefull, ſeldome ſmylynge, ut at miſchiefe, outwardly ap earynge as it were quiet, in ardly the ſerpent gnaweth, fret eth & deuoureth. &c Theſe mē be euils incarnat,Deuils incarnat. begīning hel in his lyfe, moſte enemies to them lues, & if they did beholde them lues in a glaſſe in the tyme of eir tempeſtes,A good face in a glaſſe. ſhoulde nottheir untenaunces, bee more feare •• ll to thē ſelues then their Ire, hurteful to others? yes, and perhaps make thē ſtaring made, in ſeing ſuch a diuels image, therfore let wiſe mē be of this mind. Firſte to thinke that they wolde heue no man be Irefull againſt them or diſdayne them, euen ſo let them do to others. Secondly let them thinke, eter to be ſpited then pitied in ſom caſis. it is better to be ſpited, then pittied, for euery proſperus felicite, hathe hys enemy wating vpon him. The fole hateth the wiſe. The wiſe man, pittieth the fole: wel couit rather to be ſpyted then pittied, the wrech enuieth the worthy man, and ſo forth: Onlye excepte aduerſite, & extreme miſery, al proſperus mē haue enimies, let this ſuffice, & conſider what Galen ſayth,Galen. de regē ſani libr. 1. that immoderat I reful motions, caſt the body into a cholericke heate, whereof cometh feuers, and all hote diſeaſes dangerous to the body,In comē. 32 ſepti. problem. of this writeth Petrus de eba o. The paſſion of the mind called dread or feare, is whan the bloud and ſprites be drawen inwardlye, and maketh the outwarde partes pale & trimblinge o this, by ſides pitiful experiēs, Haliabas, Galen, and Ariſtotel do wit es the ſame.Hali. in. 5 theo. ca. vltimo. Ga. 1. qui. de acc. & morbo. c. 6. Ari. 10. proble. The ſuddayn paſſion of ioye, or gladnes, is clene contrary to feare. For the harte endeth fourth ye ſpiritual bloud, hyche in weake perſons, the arte can neuer recouer agayne ut death incontinent, as Galen yth, and as we maye ſe by ex erience: As in the metinge of en, and there wyues, Childrē nd there parentes, which ether y pryſon, or banyſhment, were ythoute al hope, euer to ſe eche ther, and in ioye of metynge the delating, & ſpreding of ye hart bloud, haue caſte the bodye into ſwoninge. And thus my frende Iohn I do cōclude vpon certeyn affections of the mind, wiſſhing doctor diat, quiat & mery man to helpe the, whan thou ſhalt nede. For mirth is beloued of muſicions,Hudſon. pleſante birdes & fiſſhes as the Dolphin. What is mirth honeſtly vſed? an image of heuē. A great lordſhippe to a poore mā, and preſeruer of nature, & Salomon ſayth.Eccl. c. 30 Non eſt oblectatio ſuper cordis gaudium, &c. And yet I ſaie.

THe Ireful man is euer a thall, The ioyful minde is happeſt of al. Zele burne lyke flames of fiere, Whan honeſt mirth, haue his deſyre. Loue well mirth but wrath diſpiſe: This is the counſell of all the wyſe.
¶ Iohn.

I Wold very fayne knowe the natures of ſorten ſimples, and firſt what is worme wood.

¶ Humfrey.

A Cōmon knowen herbe it is of diuers kindes as Pōticum. Romanum, &c. It is hote in the firſt, & drye in the ſeconde degre, and it is very bitter, and beinge ried, kepeth clothes frome wor es and mothes, and the ſirope hereof,The vertues of wormewood. eaten before wyne, pre erueth men frome dronkennes, f it be ſodden in vineger it will elpe ye ſores that bredes in the ares, being laid warme vppon t, is good to be dronke agaynſte Appoplexia, & Opthalmia. Which is 〈◊〉 ſicknes of the eye, is greatlye elped with the wormwood,Auic. li. 2. Sim. 2. if it e ſtamped & made luke warme yth roſewater, and layed vpon he eye, and couered with a clene yked walnut ſhel, the ſirope hel eth the bloudie flixe, it doeth elp a cold ſtomack if it be drōke tenne daies together, euery morninge two ſponfull of the ſirope, is good againſt the dropſie, euery daye dronke, two ounces faſtinge, and thus ſaythe Auicen, figges, cocle, wormwood, nitur, ſtamped together, and made in a plaiſter, is good agaynſt the diſeaſe of the ſplen, and alſo killeth wormes in the bellye, vſed in the foreſayde maner, one drame of the powder maye be dronke at once in wine, it haith many moo godlie vertues.

¶ Iohn.

What is yt propeties of Anes ſeedes.

¶ Humfrey.

IT is much like vnto fenel ſede, and is called Romane fenel, that is warme and ſwete, and hote in the ſeconde,Gal. de ſim. and drye in the third degre, the newe ſedes is ye beſte. It ingendereth vitall ſede, openeth the ſtoppinge of the raynes and matrixe, being dronke with Tyſantes, or clene temperate vine.

¶ Iohn.

What thinkeſt thou of mouſe eare?

¶ Humfrey.

AN herbe comenlye knowen, colde and moiſte in the firſte egre, as Gallen ſayth, the decoc ion of this herbe ſodden in wa er with ſuger, is good againſte he falling ſickenes, being often imes dronke, & put a lefe therof nto the noſe it wil prouoke ſter utation, or neſinge which won erfullie doth clenſe the vayns.

¶ Iohn.

〈◊〉 wold fayne knowe what is Chyken ede?

¶ Humfrey.

ALmoſte euery ignorant woman doth knowe this herbe, but theyr be of it diuers kindes, they bee verye good to keepe woūdes from impoſtumations,The operation of chiekin wede. ſtamped, and applied vnto them, and draweth corruption out of woūdes, and ſodden with vineger, doth draue fleume out of the head, if it be often warme put into the mouthe and ſpit it oute agayne. In this ſame maner it helpeth the teath, and ſoden in wine and ſo dronke, it will clenſe the reignes of the backe.

¶ Iohn.

VVhat is Sorrell, might I knowe of the and the propertie therof?

¶ Humfrey.

THy Coke dothe righte well knowe it,The properties of Sorrell. and all they that make grene ſauce, but ye diſcription I leue to Dioſcorides, and Leonard futchius, not onlye in thys herbe, but in al other, and to tell tell thee the vertue I will, it is colde and drie in the ſeconde degree, it alſo ſtoppeth: it is like on diue in propertie, becauſe it ouer commeth choler, and is muche commended, it helpeth the yelow iaundis, if it be drōke with ſmall wyne or ale, and alſo quencheth burning feuers: to eate of the leues euery morning, in a peſtilēce time is moſte holſome, it they be eaten faſting. This herbe doeth Dioſcorides, Galen, and Auicen, greatly commende, beſides the greate learned men of this tyme.

¶ Iohn.

What is Planten, or Waybrede?

¶ Humfrey.

THe greater Planten is the better,The properties of plantain it hathe ſeuen greate vaynes, it is cold & drie, the ſeede of it, drōke with read wyne, ſtoppeth the bloudie flixe: the rootes ſodden and dronke in wyne, ſtoppeth the bloudy Flixe: the rootes and leaues beinge ſodden with ſweate water, and with Suger or borage water, and geuen to hym that hath an Ague, either tertian or quartaine, two houres afore his fitte: proue this, for thus haue I helped many, it is verye comfortable for chyldren that haue great Flixes & Agues and is a friende vnto the lyuer, this herbe is greatlye prayſed of the Doctours.

¶ Iohn.

VVhat is Camomill, and the operation thereof?

¶ Humfrey.

THis herbe is very hoat, it is dronke againſt cold windes, and rawe matter beinge in the guttes, the Egiptians did ſuppoſe it woulde helpe all colde Agues, and did conſecrate it to the ſunne,To what purpoſe camomell ſerueth. as Galen ſaieth: Alſo if it be tempered and ſtreined into white wyne, and dronke of women, hauing ye childe dead within the body, it will cauſe preſent deliuerance, it dooeth mightelie clenſe the bladder, and is excellent to be ſoddē in water to waſh the feete: the oyle is precious as is declared hereafter.

¶ Iohn.

HOppes be well beloued of the beer brewers, howe dooe the Phiſi ions ſaye to them?

¶ Humfrey.

THere be whiche doth coole, be called Lupilum, thoſe that we haue be hote and drie,Fucchi. bitter, ſower, hote, ſaith old herbals. And ucchius ſaith: thei clenſe fleume & holer, and ye water betwene the ſkin and fleſhe, the ſirupes wyll clenſe groſſe rawe fleume from ye guttes, and is good agaynſt obſtructiōs ſodden. If the iuice be dropped in the eare, it taketh the ſtinke away of rotten ſores, the rootes will helpe the lyuer and ſplene, beyng ſodden, and drōke: the beer is very good for flegmatike men.

¶ Iohn.

What is Sage, for that I loue well?

¶ Humfrey.

THere be two kindes of ſage:A wōderfull gift geuen to Sage. they be herbes of health, and therfore they be called Saluia, this herbe is hote & dry, & prouoketh vrine, clenſeth ye matrix, ſtoppeth the bloud in a woūde. If it be put in a pigge, it drieth the humours, that would engēder fleume, it is good againſte the palſie: oftentimes eaten, or ſodden in wyne, it wyll helpe & clenſe ytche, ſcabs, and fylth from the pudent and ſecret mēbers. Aetius doth greatlye commende this herbe, and the excellent regiment of Salern, where it ſayeth Cur moritur homo, cui ſaluia creſcit in horto, enquiryng why men do die that haue Sage growyng in gardens. But trewlye,An. in. 3. 1 cap. ſing. neyther Phiſicke, herbe, nor running, can make man immortall: but aſſuredlye Sage is holſome for olde folkes, to be put in to their meates, for it clenſeth fleame from the ſenewes, which fleame will relaxe the ſynewes: The wyne of Sage dronke vpō an empty ſtomake, is holſome for flegmatike perſones, or them whiche haue the fallynge ſickenes or dropſie.

¶ Iohn. 〈1 page duplicate〉 〈1 page duplicate〉

VVhat is Pilopodie, that groweth vpon the Oke tree?

¶Humfrey.

IF this herbe bee ſodden with Beetes and Malowes,Of polopodie. in the broth of a henne, and dronke, it will looſe the belly, and clenſe fleume: the roote of this herbe being drie, and beaten into fyne pouder, and drawē into the noſe thrilles, helpeth a diſeaſe called Polipus.

¶Iohn.

I Haue heard talke of Hoorhounde, I would fayne heare of his workyng.

¶Humfrey.

IT is a herbe hoat and drie, if it be ſodden with fayre water,What de eaſes hor ••• und ••• peth. ſuger or hony, and ſtreyne it, this drynke doeth clenſe the ſtomake from ſtynkynge fleume, it is an excellent herbe for women, to clenſe their moneth tearmes, the water of this, is good to helpe them which haue a moiſt reume fallyng from the head, vpon the lunges, being often dronke: but it is hurtfull to the bladder and raynes, the ſirope therof dooeth clenſe the kynges euill: and alſo put into the eares, doth greatlye comforte the hearing if the eares be troubled: and ſtamped with hony, and applied into the eies, it clenſeth the ſyght.

Iohn.

What is Verben?

¶Humfrey.

IT is called the holy herbe,Of verb & his properties. it drieth and byndeth, if it be ſodden with vineger, it helpeth a diſeaſe called ſaint Anthonies fier, oftentymes waſhynge the pained place, the leues of Verbē and Roſes, and freſhe ſwynes greaſe ſtamped together, wyll ſeace payne and griefe in euerye wounde, and wyll keepe woundes from corruption: it is good for people, that haue the tercian, or quartaine Agues. And thus ſayeth Dioſcorides: Dioſcorides. moreouer, he ſayeth, the weyght of a Dram of this herbe, with three halfe penyes weyght of Olibbulom, and put in nine ounces of olde wyne, tempered together, and dronke fourtie daies of this quantitie faſtyng, it wyll helpe a diſeaſe, called the kynges euyll, or paine in the throte.

¶Iohn.

What is Rewe, or herbe Grace?

¶Humfrey.

I Tell thee, this herbe is verie hote and bitter, and doth burne becauſe of his hotenes in ye third degree: if a litle of this rewe be ſtamped, and ſodden wyth wine, and dronke, it is an excellēt medicine, agaynſt poyſone and peſtilence, wyth roſes, and vineger, and rewe ſtamped together,Rue good againſt poyſon. and put in forred clothe or biggen, applied vnto the temples of the heade or forehead, do ſeace greuous paynes in the head. And in lyke mauer it healeth ye bitinges of ſerpentes or dogges, ſtamped with vineger: many nyce people cannot abide it, cryinge fie, it ſtinkes: The ſeade of thys herbe beaten in pouder, & put in freſhe clarified butter, & pitche melted together, is good for thē to drink hat are bruſed.

¶Iohn.

What is burnet.

¶Humfrey.

IT is of the nature of fyue fynger,The properties of Gurnet. drie and byndyng, and not moiſt, as many ſaith: ſtampe it & put it to the eies, doth take away the dropping and prickyng, and doth heale woundes, and is good to drinke for the tercian Ague.

¶Iohn.

What is Dandilion?

¶Humfrey.

IT is temperat,The vertues of Dandeliō colde and drie: with Roſes and vineger, tempered together, it helpeth ye head in hoat diſeaſes. The ſowthiſtle called Soncus, hath the ſame vertue, and ſo hath Suckery: if they be ſodden, they loſe the belly, and quencheth heate whiche burneth in the ſtomake, and defendeth the head frō hote ſmoking vapours, and purgeth yelow chouller, and rebateth venerous and fleſhelye heate, and is good to be ſodden and dronke in hoate burnynge Agues, though this herbe be cō monly knowen, and compted of many as a vyle weede, yet it is reported of Dioſcorides, to be an excellent herbe.

¶Iohn.

What is Spynnage?

¶Humfrey.

AN herbe much vſed in meat, colde and moiſte, in the firſte degree, it mollifieth and maketh ſofte the belly, it is good for them that be hoat and drie, and yll for flegmatike men.

¶Iohn.

What is Cowcumbers?

¶Humfrey.

THey be trewly in the ſeconde degree, very moiſt and colde: The ſeedes be good to be geuen in hotte ſickneſſes: the pouder of the ſayde ſeedes,For what purpoſes cō cōber ſerueth. dronke in clene wyne, is good agaynſte dyuers paſſions of the harte: this frute wil cauſe one to make water wel the roote dryed in pouder therof dronken in water and honye, prouoketh vomite: if they be moderately eaten, they bringe good bloude, tempered wyth honie, and anointe the eyes, that helpeth a diſeaſe called Epinictidas, Epinictidas. which troubleth mē with ſtrāge ſightes in the nightes: the beſt of this frute is, whiche beareth the beſte ſeedes the ſauoure of that is not holſome: mellons, citrons, pampans, and this kinde of pepons or great apples be muche vſed in Englād, and is more cō mon, then profitable, becauſe they vſe to eat them rawe. Engliſhe men being borne in a tempered region, enclining to colde, may not without hurte eat rawe herbes, rootes and frutes plentifull, as manye men, whiche be borne farre in the ſouth partes of the worlde, whych be moſte hote of ſtomake, therefore lette them eat theſe frutes boyled or baken with hony and pepper, and fencle ſeedes or ſuche lyke, there be an other hote kinde of bitter cucombers, which doo purge.

¶Iohn.

What is Garlicke.

¶Humfrey.

GArlicke is very hote and drie in ye fourth degre:The properties of Garlicke & his operation. it troubles the ſtomacke, it is hurtfull to the eyes & heade, it increaſeth drie ies, but it will prouoke vrine, & is good to be layd vppon the by inge of a ſnake, or edder, it is good for the emeroides applied to the ſore place, being firſt ſtamped, if it be ſodden, the ſtinke is taken from it, but the vertue remayneth to be eaten againſt the coughes, & paines in the lunges, it cutteth and conſumeth corrupt fleume, and bringeth ſlepe. It is not good for hoat men, nor women with childe, or Norces, geuing milke to children: but Galen calleth it the cōmon peoples treacle, if ſanguin men do eate much of it, it will make them to haue read faces, but it is a ſpeciall remedy againſt poyſon.

¶Iohn.

What is Onions?

¶Humfrey.

THey do make thin the bloud,The diuerſitie of Onions & their properties. and bringe ſlepe, they be not good for collericke men, the long onion is more behemēter then ye ounde, and the read more then he whyte, the drie more then the grene, and the rawe more then the ſodden, or preſerued in ſalte although they cauſe ſleepe, verie paynfull and troublous hoat in the thirde degree, and warme in he ſtomake, clenſeth the ſtomake, and bryngeth good couler to the face, and helpeth the grene ſickenes, prouoketh vrine, pened the emoroides. If they e ſodden in vineger, and layde arme to them: pele of the rind nd cutte it at both the endes, nd caſt it into fayre warme wa er, and let it lie an houre or two, nd then ſlice it, this takes away e veamēt ſharpnes of it. Rew, alte, hony, & one onion ſtāped to ether, is a goodly plaiſter to lay vpon y biting of a dogge: leekes purgeth the bloud in march, and payneth the heed, and be not greatly praiſed, for their i iuice Adoge ſaythe, Dioſcorides, the head beinge anoynted with the iuice thereof kepeth heare frome fallinge: thereis muche varietie of this onyon amongeſt wryters ſayth Plini, but this ſhall ſuffiſe

¶Iohn.

What is Lettiſe.

¶Humfrey.

IT doothe mightylye encreaſe milke in womens breaſtes,The properties of Lettiſe. and therfore is called lettiſſe, as Martial ſaithe, firſte ſhalbe geuen to the vertue and power to increaſ milke in the breaſts euery hour lettis is an hearb cold and moiſ and is comfortable for a hoate ſtomake, bringeth ſleepe, mollifieth the belly: the drier it be eat the better it is, I meane if it be not muche waſſhed in water, adding cleane ſallet Oile, Suger, and vineger to it, it abateth carnall luſte: and much vſe of it, dulleth the ſight, the ſeede is precious againſt hoat diſeaſes drōke with tiſans: There is an herbe called Rocked gentle, which partely ſmelleth like a Foxe, whiche is very hoat, an increaſer of ſede, whiche herbe muſt alwayes bee eatē with Lettis. The roote ther of ſodden in water, will drawe broken boones, and will helpe the cough in yonge children.

¶Iohn.

What he Myntes?

¶Humfrey.

MYntes be of two kindes,The properties of mintes. garden and wylde Myntes, thei be hoat vnto the thirde: & dooeth drie in the ſecond degre. Garden Mintes is beſt: ye pouder of this with the iuice of Pomgarnites, ſtoppeth vomits, helpeth ſighīg, clenſeth hoate choller. Three braunches of this ſodden with wine, doth helpe repletiō dronke faſting. This iuice tēpered with good triacle, & eaten of childrē a morninges, wil kil wormes, and ſtamped with ſalte, applie it to yt biting of a dogge, it will heale it: It is holſome ſodde with wyndy meates, and ſodden in poſſet al with fenill, it helpeth collike, it encreaſeth vital ſede. It is not beſt for chollericke complexions, but good for flegmatike, and indifferent for melancoly: and it wyll ſtoppe bloude, ſtamped and applied to the place. The iuice of Mintes is beſt to mengle in medicine againſt poiſon: the pounder of Mintes is good in pottage fleſhe, ſodden with Oximel, it clenſeth fleume.

¶Iohn.

What is Sention?

¶Humfrey.

IT is of a mixt temprament, it coleth and partly clēſeth if it be chopped and ſoddē in water, and drinke it with your potage, it wil heale ye griefe of the ſtomacke, & purge it from hoate choller: his downe with ſaffron & colde water, ſtamped & put in the eies, it wyll drie the running droppes, & ſtamped plaiſter wyſe, it helpeth many greuous woundes.

¶Iohn.

What is Purſleyn?

¶Humfrey.

COlde in the third,The operation of Purſlein and moiſte in the ſeconde, if it be ſtamped with ſteped Barly, it maketh a goodly plaiſter to coole the head, eyes, and lyuer, in agues burninge heate. To eate of it, ſtoppeth Flixes, and quencheth burning choller, and extingwyſh venerus luſte, and greatly helpeth the raynes and bladder, and will kill rounde wormes in the belly, and comforte the matrix againſt muche fleume: And the iuice is good to drinke in hoate Feuers, it may be preſerued with ſalt, & then it is very good with roſted meates. Plini ſayeth: it is ſuppoſed to make the ſight blunte and weake, further he ſaieth: that in Spayne a great noble manne, whome he did knowe, did hang this Purſleyn roote in a threede cōmonly about his necke, which was muche troubled, of a longe ſickneſſe and was healed.

¶Iohn.

What is Mugwort.

¶Humfrey.

MVgworte and Fetherfoy,The operation of Mugworte. & Tanſey, be verye hoate and drie in the ſeconde degree: Mugwort, ſporge and oyle of Almondes, tempered plaiſter wiſe, and applied cold to the ſick pained ſtomake, wyll brynge health. It is good in bathes ſaieth Galen: it is holſome for women, it clenſeth & warmeth and comfort, and breketh the ſtone. Plini ſaieth: it is good againſt ſerpentes, and holſome for trauelyng men, if they carye it, it comforteth them from wormes. Tanſey doth myghtely caſt wormes frō children, drōke wt wyne: A cold plaiſter ſtāped & layde vpon the belly of a womā whoſe childe is dead within her, it will ſeperate the dead chylde from the liuing mother, cauſing her to nieſe with Betony leues.

¶Iohn.

THere is an herbe commonly vſed to the great relief of many called Cabage, is it ſo good as it is reported of?

¶Humfrey.

CAbage is of twoo properties,The operation of Cabage. of bynding the belly, and making laxatiue: the iuice of Cabages lightly boyled in freſhe bief broth, is laxatiue, but the ſubſtaunce of this herbe is harde of digeſtiō, but if it be twyſe ſoddē, the broth of it will alſo bynde the belly, if it be tempred with Allū. This herbe hath vertue to clenſe a newe read Leproſie, laid vpon the ſore place in the maner of a plaiſter.Ariſto. 3. perproble Auecen. 2 can. Raſis. 3. lman. But to conclude of this herbe, the broth of it hath vertue to preſerue from dronkenes, as Ariſtotle, Raſis, and Auicen, doth report, eaten before drinking time.

¶Iohn.

What is Philopendula?

¶Humfrey.

IT is an herbe hoate and drie,Of philopendula. if it be ſodden in white wyne & dronke, it drieth vp windy places in the guttes, & clēſeth the raines in the backe and bladder.

¶Iohn.

What is Agremonie?

DIoſcorides ſaieth:The operation of Agremonie. that if this herbe with ſwynes greace be ſtamped together, and laid vpon an olde rotten ſore being hoat, it hath vertue to heale it: the ſede of this herbe dronke with wyne, is good againſt the biting of Ser entes, ſtopping of the liuer, and bloudy flixe.

Iohn.

SOme men ſaie that the herbe Dragon is of great vertue.

Humfrey.

THe iuice of it ſaith Dioſcorides: The vertue of dragon. dropped into ye eie, doth clenſe it, and geueth much might vnto the eyes of them whiche haue darke ſightes, the water of this herbe hathe vertue againſte the peſtilence. If it be dronke blud warme, wt venis triacle, ye ſauor of this herbe is hurtful to a womā newly conceiued with child. Plenij ſaith, that who ſo beareth this herbe vpon them, no venomous Serpente will do them harme. This herbe is hote and drye.

Ihon.

THere is a verye ſwete flower, called a violet, is it ſo profitable, as it is pleaſaunt?

Humfrey.

SImeon Sethi reporteth,The vertue of Violet that it doth helpe againſt hote inflamations of the guts, heade and ſtomacke, if the cauſe be of burning choller. Either the water ſirrope, or concerue of the ſaide violets, either eaten or dronke, in the time of any hote paſſion. But vndoubtedly, it offendeth the hart, becauſe of the coldnes, the ſauour of the flowers be pleſaunte, the oyle that is made of this herbe, haue vertue to bring quiet ſlepes to them which haue greuous hote paine in the hed.

Ihon.

VVhat is the vertue of the pleaſant white Lilly?

Humfray.

DIoſcorides ſaith, that the Oyle of Lillies doothe mollifye the Sinnewes and the mouthe of the Matrixe,Of white lilie & of his operation. the Iuſe of Lillies, vineger and Honnye, ſodden in a braſen Veſſell, doth make an ointment to heale both newe aud olde woundes. If the roote be roſted and ſtamped with Roſes, it maketh a healing plaiſter againſt burning of fier: the ſame rote roſted, hath vertue to breake a Peſtilence ſore, applied hoate vnto the ſore place, & is drie in ye firſt degre. The oile of water Lilies be moiſte, ſufferent againſt all hoate diſeaſes, to anointe the ardent places, and doth reconcile quiet ſleepe, if the forehead be anoynted therewith.

Iohn.

IN the time of the peſtilence, my wyfe maketh me a medicine, of an herbe called Centauri, doth ſhe well or not?

Humfrey.

PLini ſaieth:Of y vertue of Cē taurye. that the Sirupe of this herbe dronke with a litle vineger and ſalte, doth clenſe the body: The leaues and flowers, be of great vertue, to be ſodden & dronke againſt al rawe humors of groſe ſieume, watry or windy: it doeth clenſe, cruent, or bloudy matter within the bodies of men or women. The pouder of this herbe is good in peſſaries, for women, cauſing the dead childe to departe from the mother, and is holſome againſt the peſtilence, in the time of wynter, and is hoat and drie.

Iohn.

VVe beutifie and make pleaſaunte our wyndowes with Roſemary, vſyng it for ſmall other purpoſes.

Humfrey.

ROſemary is an herbe of gret vertue,Of Roſemarye. hoate and drie, ſoddē in wyne, and drōke before meat, it doth heale the kinges euill, or paynes in the throte, as Dioſcorides and Galen ſayeth: the ſauour of it doth comforte the brayne and harte: y flowers of Roſemary is an excellēt cordial called Anthos.

Ihon.

IS pulial royal, an herbe of anye valewe, or a wede of contemption?

Humfrey.

IT is an herbe of muche vertue and profite:The operation of Puliall royal. hote and dry in the thirde degre. Diaſcorides ſaithe, if this herbe be ſodden with honnye and Aloes and droncke, it wil clenſe the liuer, and pourge the bloud: moſt chiefly it helpeth the lunges. Simeon Sethi ſaithe, if womē drinke it with white wine It wil prouoke and cleanſe the termes menſtrual, and is a very holſome pot herbe.

Ihon.

What ſaiſt thou vnto Muſlarde.

Humfrey.

PLinius dothe greatlye lawd it,The operation of Muſter ſaiyng, that there is nothing, that dothe pearſe more ſwiftlier into the braine then it doth. Hony, vineger, and muſtarde, tempered together is an excellente gargariſma to purge the head, teethe, and throte. Muſtarde is good, againſte al the diſeaſes of the ſtomacke or lunges, winde, leume, and rawnes of the guts, and conduceth meat into the body: prouoketh vrine, helpeth the alſye, waiſteth the quartaine, rieth vp moiſte rumes: applied plaſter wiſe vnto ye head. Hony and muſtard helpeth the cough, and is good for them that haue he fallinge ſickneſſe, notwithſtandinge the cōmon vſe of muſtard is an enemy to ye eie. Many more vertues haue I reade of muſtarde, but the occaſion of ime hathe vnhappilye preuened, not onlye my large diſcriptiō 〈◊〉 this: but alſo in manye other mples, whyche heareafter, I entende largely to wryte vpon if, it pleaſe God to permit me.

Iohn.

Thei ſay that Buglos is very holſom.

Humfrey.

IT is an herbe moſte temperate betwene hoate and colde,The vertues of uglos. of an excellent vertue, a comforter of yt harte, a purger of Melancoly, a quieter of the Frencie, a purger of the vrine, holſome to be drōk in wyne, but moſte effectuall in sit 〈◊〉 . Dioſcorides and Galen, doet greatly commende this herbe, & that doth dayly experience wel proue.

Iohn.

What is thy mynde of ſwete Baſell

Humfrey.

THis herbe is warme in the ſconde degre,The vertues of aſell. hauing the vertue of moiſtues, and if it be ſodd in wyne with Spicenarde, & drōke it is good agaynſte dropſyes, windes, fleume, coldneſſe of the hart, hardneſſe of the ſtomacke, the ſauoure of Baſill, doth comfort the braine, and hart, the vſe of this herbe in meates, doth decay the ſight.

Ihon.

The plaine people of the country will ſay, that thoſe flowers which be pleaſaunt in ſmellinge, be oftentimes vnholeſome in working, the roſe is pleaſaunte in ſence, what is it in vertue?

Humfray.

IT hath an odour moſt pleſāt & hath vertue to cole and binde.The vertue of Roſes. The water is good to make Manus Chriſte, & many other goodly cordialles, Roſes and vineger applied vnto the foreheade, do bringe ſlepe: conſerue of Roſes, haue vertue to quench burning choller, and to ſtay the rage of a a hoote feuer, oyle of Roſes, Vineger, and the white of an egge, beaten together, doth not onlye quenche ſacra igms, but alſo bring a madde man into quietneſſe, if hys foreheade be well annointed therwith, after the recept of Pilles of chochi, in the time of the peſtilence, there is nothinge more cōfortable then the ſauor of Roſes.

¶ Iohn.

What ſaiſt thou of Sauery.

¶ Humfrey.

IT is hote and dry in the thirde degree,The vertue of Sauery. if the greene hearbe be ſodden in water or white wine and dronke, theſe be his vertues to make the liuer ſoft, to cleanſe dropſies, coulde choughes, clenſeth womens diſeaſes, and ſeperateth the deade childe from the mother, as Diaſcorides and Galen ſaith, alſo Germander is not much vnlike the vertue of this herbe.

Iohn.

BVt for troublinge of you, I woulde be glad to knowe youre minde of Time, and a fewe of other hearbes.

Humfrey.

IT is vehamente of heat with drineſſe in the thirde degree.The vertue of time. Diaſcorides ſaith, if it be dronke with vineger and ſalte, it pourgeth fleume, ſodden with honny or meide, it hathe vertue to cleanſe the lunges, breaſte, matrix, rains and bladder, & killeth wormes.

Iohn.

VVhat ſaiſte thou of Parſlye and Saxifrage?

Humfrey.

THey haue vertue to breake the ſtone, Parſlye is hote in the ſeconde degree, and drye in the middeſt of ye third.The vertue of Perſly & ſaxifrage The ſede dronke with whyte wine, prouoketh the menſtruall termes, as Diaſcorides ſaithe: alſo ſmalledge hathe the like vertue.

¶ Iohn.

VVhat is thy iudgemente of Liuerworte?

¶ Humfrey.

IT hathe vertue to cleanſe and coole.The vertue of liuerwort. Dioſcorides ſaithe, it dothe heale the woundes of the liuer, and quencheth the extreme heat thereof, tempered with honnye and eaten, dothe healpe a diſeaſe called regius morbus, and pains of the throte and lunges.

Iohn.

What is Bettony.

¶ Humfrey.

THey be of diuers kindes Leonardus futchius doothe call the ſweete Gilliuers by the namesThe vertue of Betony. of Bettonye, but the one ſemeth to talcke of that, whiche is commonlye knowne of the people, called the lande Bettony, which hathe the vertue to kill wormes within the bellye, and healpeth the quarteine, cleanſeth the matrixe, and hathe the vertue to heale the bodye within. If it be bruſed, it is of greate effecte, if it be ſodden with worme wodde in white wine, to purge fleume, and is hote in the firſt degre, dri in the ſeconde.

¶ Iohn.

I Haue harde ſmall commendations of Beetes.

Humfrey.

THey be of two kindes, and be bothe prayſe worthye,The vertue of Betes. Simeon Sethi, wryteth that they be hoate and drye in the thirde degre, ye white Beete is ye beſt, they haue vertue to cleauſe, as niter hathe but hathe euill Iuſe, the iuſe of this herbe with honnye applied into the noſe, do pourge the head, it is a holeſome hearbe in pottage, if it be well ſodden, or elſſe it is noyſome to thee Stomacke. If it be parboyled and eaten with Vineger, it is good againſte the ſtoppinge of the liuer. Notwithſtandinge the iuſe of this hearbe, do ſtop the belly, being ſimply taken.

Iohn.

What is Maiden heare?

Humfrey.

IT is an hearbe betwene hoote and dry,The vertue of maiden heare if it be ſodden in wine, it breaketh the ſtone, it cleanſeth the Matrixe, bryngeth downe the ſecondes, as Diaſcorides and Galen ſaith, the beſt dothe growe vpon harde rockes.

Ihon.

What is Mellil t?

Humfrey.

IT hathe vertue to ripe,The ver of melilot and is more hotter then cold, Mellilot, flex ſeede, Roſe leaues, Cā pher and womans milke tempered together, doth make a goodlye medicine againſt the hote inflammation of the eyes. If this herbe be droncke wyth wine, it dothe molifye the hardneſſe of the ſtomacke and liuer, the moſt excellente plaiſter agaynſte the paines of the ſplen, dothe Meſue diſcribe, which is made of Mellilotte.

Ihon.

BE peaſe and Beanes, anye thinge beneficial to nature?

¶ Humfrey.

BEanes be more groaſer and fuller of wind then peaſe be,Thoperation of peaſe and Beanes. & maketh euel matter, except they be wel ſodden and buttered, and ſo eaten, with the whiteſt & ſweteſt Onions that maye be gotten. Becauſe they be harde of diſgeſtion: howe be it, they doe make fatte, and partlye clenſe, yet they are not to be compared wyth tender white peaſen well ſodden and buttred, or els made in pottage with gardein mintes and groſe pepper, whiche haue vertue to cleanſe the raines of the,But Hu tels and tares be Melancholy. backe and bledder. Liutelles bee of the ſame vertue. Barlye beynge cleane hulled and ſodden wyth mylcke cleane water & ſuger, maketh a very comfortable & holſome pottage, for hoate chollericke perſones or younge people. And of this is 〈◊〉 che vſed in the North partes of Englande, and is called bigg ele.

Iohn.

VVhat be the vertues of the leekes & rootes of Radiſhe, Turneps, Par neps, Rapes or Naues?

Humfrey.

LEekes be euil,Leekes & and their properties. engender painfull ſleepe: but eaten with hony, then they purge bloude, but rootes eaten rawe, breadeth yll uice, therfore being firſt ſodden, and the water caſt away,Of the vertues of radiſh with other rotes. & then ſodden with fatte mutton, or tender fatte bief, theſe rootes noryſheth muche. Rapes, & Naues, be wyndy: Turneps, cauſeth one to ſpitte eaſely that haue corrupt ſtomakes, but maketh raw iuce. Carettes do expulſe wynde: Radiſh rootes prouoketh vryne, but be very euill for flegmaticke perſons, hauing greif in their bones or ioyntes, and muſt be eaten, in the beginnyng of the meale, as Galen ſayth,Galen de alimen. but many do vſe thē in thende of meales, & fynde eaſe as ſir Thomas Eliot that worthy knyght and learned man reporteth in hys good booke called the Caſtel of health. And thus I doo conclude of thoſe herbes and rootes that I haue writtē vppō.Herbes in gēdereth melancholy. Admoniſſhyng thee, that herbes puls, and rootes bee all wyndye, engēderers of melancholly, & in groſſers of the bloude, eccept lettis, bourage, & purſlen. Therfore the groſe binding togither & ſeething of herbes in brothes & pottage, bee more holſomer then the fyne choppynge of them. Thus Iohn I haue declared vnto the, 〈◊〉 vertues of certayne herbes, which if thou wylte followe, and ſerue my rules in thē, I doubt 〈◊〉 , but thou ſhalt receiue mutch rofyt therby. I would haue al taught the ſome pretie wayes or Diſtillation of Waters, but n preuented therein,Vulſtadius. and I am ad therof. Foraſmuch as thou alt ſe very ſhortly,Theſaurus Euono mij. booth The •• urus Eu nomi and Vlſtadius hich be exelent learned men in 〈◊〉 yt Science, wherin I am ſure you wylt much delite. For I enſure the, the lyke bookes neuer were ſetfurth in our mother tounge, with the lyuelye faſhion of the furnaſſes, and alſo of the Stillitories.

¶ Iohn.

VHat will diſgeſt and purge choller, Fleume, and Melancoly, prouoke ernutaciō, and ſtoppe Flixes, tel me?

¶ Hūfry.

Thinges to diſgeſt choller. ENdſue, Purſlein, Poppy, Sorrell, Mercury, Lyuerwort Whaye, Teſantes, Tarmeryndes The foure cold ſeedes of gourdes and Cucū bers. Sanders, Buttermilke, or the milke which cometh of the preſſing of the cheſe. Topurge choller. MAanna. 6. orāmes. Rubarbe .ii. drāmes or .iii. but put into in fuſion from .v. to .vii. Pilles of aloe Wylde hops, Syrrup of wormwode. Syrrupe of ſ mitory. Diaprunes. The diſgeſter of fleume. PVulyall, Myntes, Betony, Egrymony, Mugw rt, Hony, Pepper, Hyſoppe, Pimpernel, Ieniper berri Neppe. Finkel, Perſely rotes, Smallage. Purgers •• fleume A Garick infuſed frō .ii to .v. drammes Sticaus, The myrabolanes of al the kyndes. Polipody of y oke. Centory. Horhound, Mayden here. ood •• rgers Melā choly. ELeberus Niger. Capers, Lapis Lazule. Sene of Alexā der. Borage, Hartes tonge, Hony ſodden in ſwete wine Sauory, Tyme, Troſſes of cappers, of Coloquintida, and of wormwod. Good things to prouoke drine. PEruye, Tyme, Saxifrage, Caſſa fiſtula. Rammes Radix, The fleſhe of an hare, Pilles of Tyribenthen. Mayden heare The beris of the Eglentyn. Bromſeede. Comforters for ye brayne to ſmell vpō ROſes, Violettes, Iellouers, in ſommer, but in winter Cloues Spike, Muſke. Amber greſ e. Thynges good to ſtope flire Sinaber called dragons blud. Sloes or there decoction. Sinamom. Boolearmoniak. Red wine. Planton. Olibanum. Hard egges. Hard cheſe ſcraped in red wine and drinke. Thinges good to prouoke ſtarnutation or •• eeſing. Belony le •• primroſe ro •• moderately ſed. Eleborus al and Ginge •• Good cō fortters for ye hart Muſcke. Ambergre •• Roſis, Per Maces. Diamuſchicis diambra. The floure Roſemary 〈◊〉 Nutmegge Spiknard. Galanga.

Iohn.

VVHat be the vertue of Dates Figges.

Humfrey.

SEraphio ſaithe,Of figges and dates that the Da •• whiche be preſerued with ſu •• ee good. The crude rawe Date othe califie the body, and dothe onuert quickly into choller, it is not good for the hedes of the hot people,Raſes in. 3 alman. Halia in. 5 Theori. Ra. Moyſes. ill for the throte and ſtoppeth the lyuer, and maketh the eeth rotten, but if they bee cleane illed and the inward rynde takē away, they do greatly norriſhe, & eſtore, beeyng ſodden in ſtewed rothe they bee of dyuers kindes 〈◊〉 quantitie and qualitie, but ge erally hoote & moyſte in the ſe ond degree.Hi. 2. can. c. ccviii. Figges as Hippocra es ſayeth, the beſt be white the ſe ond be red, the third be black, the ipeſt be the beſt & amongeſt all rutes doth moſt noriſhe, prouo eth ſweat, becauſe it doth purge ſuperfluitie of humers through ſkinne, it doth engēder lice, they e hot in the firſte degre, and the ew figes be moiſt in ye ſecōd, the ſeedes and the ſkyn of the Fyg, be not greatly cōmēded: Figges and Almōdes, eaten of a faſting ſtomake, be veri holſom to make the way of good diſgeſtion, but beſt if they be eaten with nuttes. Figges and herbe grace, ſtamped together, be very holſome to be eaten againſt the peſtilence: Roſted Figges beaten together, and hote applied vpon the peſtilence ſore, doth drawe, molifie, & make rype the ſore. And to the lunges,Galen de Alimen. liuer, & ſtomake, figges be very cōfortable, as Galē ſaith.

¶Iohn.

What be Peares?

¶Humfrey.

THey be of diuers kyndes heuier then Appels,The operation of Peares. not good vntill they bee verye rype, onles they be tenderly roſted or baken, and eaten after meales.

there is a kind of peares, growing in the City of Norwich, called the blacke friers peare,Blacke friers peare. very delicious and pleaſaunt, and no leſſe profitable vnto a hoote ſtomacke, as I hard it reported by a right worſhipful Phiſition of the ſame Citye, called doctoure Māfeilde, which ſaid he thought thoſe Peares without all compariſon, were the beſt that grew in any place of Englande.

Iohn.

What ſaiſt thou of Appels.

¶Humfrey.

APples be very cold & winedy,The operation of Apples. hard to diſgeſt ingenderers of euill bloude, hurtfull to flegmaticke people: good to cholericke ſtomackes, if they be through ripe, but beſt if they be roſted or baken, and eaten with groſe pepper to bedwarde, they be of many kyndes, as the Coſtard, the grene coate, the pippē, the quene apple, & ſo furth: The diſtilled water of apples, Campher, vineger, & milke, is a good medicine to anointe the faces of children yt haue the ſmal pockes: when the ſaid pockes be ripe, to kepe their faces from eres: prouided that the ſaide chyldren haue geuen them in their milke, ſaffrō or Methridatum, A medycin for the ſmall pockes. to expell the venim and kepe them frō the aire, during the ſaide ſickeneſſe.

Ihon.

What be Pechis?

Humfrey.

THe leaues he hoate, for if thei be ſtamped in plaiſterwyſe and applied vnto the belly,The operation of Peache they kil wormes: The fruite is cold, & very good to the ſtomake, they be good to be eaten of thē that haue ſtinking brethes of hoat cauſes: eatē of an emptie ſtomake which is Galens counſell, whiche ſaieth if they be eaten after meate, they dooe corrupte bothe in them ſelues and the meates lately eatē: and they be bynders of the belly. But Quinces be moſte comfortable after meate, for they do encloſe the ſtomacke, and letteth vapers to aſcende into ye braine, and ſtoppeth vometes: They be holſome for ſicke folkes that be ſwelled in the bodies. Eaten with the groſe pouders of Gallanga, Spickanarde, Callamus, and Ginger, and maye be eaten before meate of the ſayde ſicke pacientes, as well as after meat But muche vſe of them, be not ſo profitable as delectable, to the aters of them.

¶Iohn.

What be Quinces?

Humfrey.

IF thy ſtomacke be verye hoate or moiſt,The operation of Quinces. or thy bellye laxatiue then Quinces be good to be eaten before meate, beinge roſted or eaten cold, and in this caſe the tarter be the better, and Pomgranets be of the ſame vertue, as Iſaac ſaithe:Iſaac in. perticu. die. but eaten after meate they do encloſe ye ſtomack, and moiſt the belly, they oughte not to be vſed in commō meates the cuſtome of them hurteth the ſinnewes, but in the way of medicine they be excellente, and the cores being taken oute and preſerued in honnye, or kepte theyr muſſe lege. Then they may long continue to the vſe of roſting or baking, for they be perelous to the ſtomack eaten raw. But preſerued they do mightely preuail againſte drouckenneſſe, they be colde in the firſt degree, and dry in the beginninge of the ſecond.

¶Iohn.

What be Cherris?

¶Humfrey.

THe tart cheries vndubtedly be more holeſomer then the ſwete,The operation of Cheries. and eaten before meat, do mollify the belly, prepare diſgeſtion, and they be moſt excellent againſte hote burninge choller, thei be good alſo after meat, and be of manye kindes, as blacke, red, & pale. The red chery partly tarte,Galen de alimen. Ra. lib. 23 cap. is beſte. Galen and Raſis, greatly commend this frute. In the country of Kent be growing great plentye of this frute. So are there in a towne neare vnto Norwich called Ketreinham, this frute is colde & moiſte in the firſt degree.

¶Iohn.

VVhat be the vertue of Grapes, Raſins, Prunes, Barberies, Oringes, and Medlers?

¶Humfrey.

HIppocrates ſaith:The goodnes of Grapes. that the white Grapes be better then the blacke, and holſomer when they are twoo or thre daies gathered from the vine, then preſently pulled from it:Galen de alimen. 2. Raſis in. 4. alman. 20 cap. And if they be ſweete, they bee partely nutratiue, and warme the body. And vnto this agreeth Galen and Raſis, ſemeth to commende ſwete grapes aboue Daites, ſaiyng: although they be not ſo warme, yet they dooe not ſtoppe the body, or make opilatiō as Daites do. They be holſome to be eaten before meate, euen as nuttes be good after fiſſhe. Towarde the ſouthe, and ſoutheaſte partes of the world, there be many growing in diuers regions, wherof the wynes be made. The farther frō vs, the hoater wyne: There be very good grapes growyng here in England in many places, as partely I haue ſeene at Blaxhall in Suffolke,Blaxhall in ſuffolk where ſometime I was nere kinſman vnto ye chefeſt houſe of that toun. Raiſins of the ſunne be very holſome, and cōforte diſgeſtion, but the ſtones & rindes would be refuſed, & then they be good for the ſplene & liuer. So be aligantes, Raſis doth muche cōmend thē,Sweete Prunes be laxatiue but tarte prunes be bindinge. but vndoubtedly the ſmall raſins be hurtfull to the ſplene. Prunes or damaſins haue vertue to relaxe the belly, if they be ſweete & rype, but they do noryſh very litle, but quenche choller. Grapes, raſyns & Prunes, Plūmes, & Sloes, if they be ſower, be all bineders of the belly, and ſo is the barbarye called oxiacātha and Oringes, Oxiacantha. called the Barbery. except the ſaid oringes be condited with ſuger, and then they be good coolers againſt hoate choller, whoſe rindes he hote & drye of nature. The frute called the medler, Meſpila. called the Medler. is vſed for medicine and not for meat, and muſt be taken before meate prouoketh vrine, & of nature is ſtipticke.

¶ Iohn.

What be Capers and Oliues?

¶ Humfrey.

FReſhe Capers he hote & drye in the ſeconde degree,The operation of Capers. and eaten before meates do greatly cō forte diſgeſtion, and be the beſt thinges for the ſplene, or to clēſe melancholye that can be taken. preſerued Olifes in ſalt eatē at ye beginning of meales, do greatli fortify the ſtomack and relaxeth the belly, cleanſeth the liuer and •• e hoate and drye in the ſeconde degree.

¶ Iohn.

I Beſeche the ſhow the opinion of the natures of ſome kinde of fleſhe, and firſte of the properties of Beefe.

Humfrey.

I Wyll not vndertake to ſhewe mine opinion: to thy requeſt, but I wil declare the mindes, of ſome wiſe and learned men: and firſt of Simeon Sethi, Simeon Sethi. which ſaith, that the fleſhe of Oxen that be yonge, dō much nouriſh & make them ſtronge that be fed with them, but it bringeth melancholy, and Melancholius diſeaſes, it is cold and dry of nature, and hard to diſgeſt, excepte it be of cholericke perſones: but beinge tenderlly ſodden, it nouriſheth Much biefe cuſtomably eatē of idle perſons, and nice folks that laboure not, bringeth many diſeaſes,Ra in lib. 2 cap. 3. as Raſis ſaithe. And Auicen ſaithe that the fleſhe of Oxen or Kine,Auicen in 2. lib. pri. cap. 15. be very groſe, ingendringe ill iuſe in the body. Wherof oftē times come to ſcabbes, cankers, biles, but vnto hote ſtrong, chollericke ſtomacks it is tollerable, and may be vſed as we haue the dailye experience thereof.Flixe. The broth wherein beife hathe bene ſoddē, is good to be ſupped halfe a pint euery morning againſt ye flixe of the bellye, and runninge forthe of yellowe choller. If the ſaid broth be tēpered with ſalte: Muſtard, vineger or garlicke &c. Be commonlye vſed for the ſawſes to diſgeſt biefe withall, iſgeſ iō for the ſaid ſauces do not onlye helpe diſgeſtion, but alſo defendefendeth the body from ſundry inconueniēces, and diuers ſi kne iſes, as drop ies, quartens, leproſes,A medicine for y eyes. and ſuche like. The gall of an Oxe or a cowe, diſtilled in the monthe of Iune, and kept in a cloſe glaſſe, doth helpe to clēſe the eyes frō ſpottes, if you put 〈◊〉 droppe of thys water wyth a fether into thy eyes, when ye go to bed. The milte of a Bul dryed, & the powder therof droncke with redde wine, wil ſtoppe the bloudy flixe. Lighte poudered yonge Beefe, is better then eyther freſhe or muche powdered. In ſpeciallye thoſe Cattell that be fed in fayre and drye Paſtures, and not in ſtinckinge fennes.

The greate learned manne Geſnerus, in hys diſcriptyon of Beaſtes,Conradus Geſnerus dothe wryte moore of the vertues of bulles, oxen, kine and calues, then any other hath done. And thus to conclude, the fleſhe of the male beaſtes, is more better then the female, and the gelded beaſts be more commodyous to nature, then any of them. And the yong fleſh more commendable then tholde, for it is more moiſt, and a frend to the bloud,Hali. in. 5 The. ca. 4. as Haliabas ſaith, Roaſted fleſhe, dothe nouriſhe the bodye much, for it is warm and moiſt. Bakē meats be very dry: Clene boylde meates, wyth holſome herbes and frutes, be excellent to comforte the bodye, if they be nutramental fleſh. Calues fleſh do greatlye nourriſh and make good bloud.

Ihon.

THou haſte ſaide well of Biefe, but what goodneſſe maye be reported f Porke, I thincke verye little or no hinge.

Humfray.

THere be manye goodly commodities in ye fleſh of bores. elded ſwine and pigges, for hey be good for mans nature.

Ihon.

FOr mans nature? that is maruel For howe can thoſe be good for anues nature,The deſcriptiō of ſwyne. whiche be ſo vile of their own nature. There ſoule feding 〈◊〉 moſt ſtinking filth and carion. The oyſome wallo winge in the mire and urt, the eating of their owne pigges, and oftentimes pulling children oute 〈◊〉 the Cradle, for there dinners, if the ood wife be not at home. Who is a le to beholde ſuche noiſome ſpirites, r hel houndes: did not almighty God ommaund the Iewes to eate none of them? and the Machomites at this aye, wil kil that man that eateth of their fleſhe, why ſhould we then com ēd them? for they are moſt vile.

Humfrey.

ALl the aunciente and wiſeſt phiſicions that euer were in this world, •• oriba Corona did all conſente, that of all fleſh, the fleſh of yong gelded ſwine, partly ſaulted or poudered, was euer a meate of the beſt noriſhinge moiſter, and colder then other fleſhe,Iſacke Galen in ſec. comp Cap. ii. for Iſaacke ſaith, it is a fleſh very moiſte, except it be the fleſh of lambes, as Galen reporteth. Yet it is not good to euery complexion, nor euerye age, but vnto youth and middle age. Whereas thou haſte ſpoken againſte ye vile nature of ſwine, calling them vnreſonable, thou doſt vſe more wordes then wit for ther is no beaſt,Beaſtes haue no reaſon. yt may be called reaſonable? but man onlye. And wheras God did prohibite the Iewes to eate ſwines fleſh? it was a figure to abſteine from vncleane things: which I leaue to thee Theologians. The Mahumites abhorre ſwines fleſhe, becauſe there droncken falſe prophet, and Pſevvdo Apoſtle was orne and rente in peeces wyth wine, being dronken & fallen in the mire. So the one muſt geue redence to time, and to learned Phiſicions. The bloud of ſwine othe nourriſhe muche,puddyng of ſwine. as it is eene in puddinges, made wyth reate Otmeale, ſwete ſewet, & •• nnel, or Annes ſedes. Pigges e verye moiſt, therefore Sage Pepper and Salte, do drye vp •• e ſuperfluous humoures of hem, when they be roſted. Thei e not holſom to be eaten before hey be three weekes olde.of ſwine. The ipes and guttes be holeſomer, nd doth nouriſh better then ani ther beaſtes guts, or in meats. Bakon is very hard of diſgeſtion, and much diſcommēded, and is hurtfull. Onlye vnto a hoate chollericke labouringe body, the fleſhe of a Boore, is more holſomer then the fleſhe of any ſowe The braines of a Bore, and his ſtones, or any part of thē ſtāped together, & laide warme vpon a peſtilence ſore, in the manner of a plaiſter,A playſter. it wil breake it incontinent. Swines greaſe is verye colde, and good to annointe burninge hote places of the bodye, or a diſeaſe called ſancte Anthonies fier, and thus muche haue I ſpoken of ſwine.

¶ Iohn.

I Pray you tell me of the fleſhe of th Rammes, weathers, and Lambes and how profitable they are to man nature.

Humfrey.

SImeon Sethi ſaith, Lābes fleſhe is partlye warme,Simeon Sethi. but ſuperfluous moiſt, and euill for •• egmatick perſons, and doth much harme to the •• that haue the 〈◊〉 , bonache, or a diſeaſe called Epiolus, whiche is 〈◊〉 of fleame like glaſſe. Therefore if lambes fleſh were ſodden; as it is roſted, it would bringe many diſeaſes vnto the body, withoute it were ſodden with wine, & ſome hote groſſeries, herbes, or ootes. When a weather is two yeares old, which is fed vpon a good ground, the fleſhe thereof, ſhalbe temperate and nourriſhe much.Hip. in. 〈◊〉 pri. doc. cap. 1 . Hippocrates ſaithe, that the lambe of a yeare olde, dothe no riſhe muche. Galen ſemeth not greatlye to commende Motton but that whiche is tender, ſwete and not olde, is very profitable, as experience and cuſtome, doth dailye teache vs. The dounge Tallowe and woll be very profitable in Medicines, as Plinii ſaythe: And Conradus Geſnerus, de animalibus, De ali. lib tertio. 3. and Galen in his third boke, de alimentis,

Iohn.

What is the fleſhe of Gotes or kids.

¶Humfrey

THey be beaſtes verye hurtful vnto yong trees & plāts, but Simeon Sethi ſaithe, that kid fleſhe is of eaſye diſgeſtion, in healthe and ſickeneſſe, they be verye good meate. They be drye of nature.in ter. xii. doc. ſec . Capi. vii. Hipocrates ſaith. It behoueth that the conceruers and kepers of healthe, do ſtudy that his meate be ſuch, as the fleſh of kiddes, yonge calues, that be ſuckinge, and Lambes of o •• yeare olde. For they be good for them that be ſicke,Hali in quincte theori. Capit. 2. or haue eue •• complexions. Haliabas dothe ſaye, that the fleſh of Kiddes do engender good bloude, and is not ſo legmaticke, watery, and moiſte, as the fleſh of Lambes. They remaine Kiddes for ſix monethes, and afterwarde cometh into a greaſer, and hotter nature, and be called Goates. The fleſhe of them that be gel ed. .ias holſom to eate, the l •• ngs of them eaten before a man doe •• inke, dothe defende hym that daye from dronkenneſſe, as I haue red in the reportes of learned men. But the fleſh of the old 〈◊〉 or male gotes be il, and in ender the Agues or feuers, I he vrine of goates be ſtilled in May with ſorrel,A good medicen the water di •• illed is not hurtful nor noy ō, but whomeſoeuer vſe to drin ke therof two drammes morn and eueninge, it will preſerue hym from the peſtilence. The milcke of Goates I wil deſcribe in the place of milke.

Iohn.

VVhat is the fleſſhes of Read and fallowe Deare?

Humfrey.

MOre pleaſaunte to ſome, th profitable to manye, as appeareth once a yeare in the cor ••• fieldes,Hippo. Simeon Sethi. the more it is to be lamented. Hippocrates and Simeon Sethi, do plainelye affyrme th fleſhe of them to engender euill iuſe, and Melancholye cold diſeaſes and quarteins, the fleſhe of winter deare,Raſ . ala. Cap. 3. do leſſe hurt the bodye, then that which is eaten in Sommer. For in Wynter mans diſgeſtion is more ſtronger, and the inwarde partes of the bodye warmer, and may eaſerlye conſume grooſe meates, then in Sommer, as we ſee by experience. In colde weather & froſtes healful people, be moſte hungrieſt. The lunges of a dere ſodden in barlye water, and taken fourthe and ſtamped with penedice and Honye of equall quantitye to the ſaide lunges, and eaten a mornynges, dothe greatlye healpe olde coughes, and drineſſe in the lunges.

There be many goodly vertues of theyr hornes, bones, bloude and tallowe.

Ihon.

VVhat is the properties of Hares and Conies fleſhe?Aui. in. . Can. cap. 46.

Humfrey.

AViſen ſaiethe, the fleſhe, of Hares,Aui. in. 2. Can. cap. 46. be hoote and dry ingenderers of Melancholye not praiſed in Phiſicke for me 〈◊〉 but rather for medicine. For indede, if a Hare be dryed in the moneth of Marche in an Ouen or furneyſe, and beaten into pouder, and kept cloſe, & dronke a morninges in Beare, Ale, or white Wine: it wyll breake the ſtoane in the bledder, if the paciente be not olde. If childrens gummes be annointed with the braines of an Hare, their teethe wyll eaſelye come foorthe and growe. The gall of an Hare mingled with cleane hony,A medicē for bloudi eyes. doth cleanſe waterye eyes, or redde bloudye eyes. The fleſhe of Hares muſte be tenderly roſted, and well larded and ſpiced, becauſe of the groſeneſſe, but it is better ſodden. The fleſhe of Conies are better then hares fleſh, & eaſyer of diſgeſtion. But rabbets be holſomer. And thus to conclude of Connies, experience teacheth vs, that they are good, they be could and dry of nature, and ſmall mention is made of them, amonge the auncient phiſitions,Galen in. iii. de ali. Capi. . as Galen ſaythe. I neede not to ſpeake verye longe of euerye kinde of beaſtes as ſome of the beaſtes that be in Hiberia like little Hares whyche be called Conies.

Iohn.

If the olde and ignoraunte menne of Connyes, whyche were ſeene in the nature of manye other beaſtes, that hadde dwelte in diuers places places of Englande then ſhould haue knowne them righte well: And perhappes receyued of theym as ſmall pleaſure, as manye huſbande menne haue founde profite by them in theyr Corne. Nowe thou haſte well ſatisfied me of the fo r foted beaſtes, whiche commenlye Engliſhe menne ſedeth vppon. Nowe I praye thee tell mee, ſome of the vertues of ſoules and firſte of Cockes, Capones and Hennes.

Humfrey.

CHickens of Hennes, ſaithe Auenzoar, Auenz. lib. pri. is mooſte commended, and mooſte laudable of any fleſhe, & nourriſheth good bloud It is lighte of diſgeſtion, and dothe comfort the appetite, cock chickens, be better then hennes, the capō is better then the cock, ••• dooe augmente good bloud and feede,Raſis in lib. 4. Afforiſ. as Raſis reporteth, and xperience proueth in men, both •• ole and ſicke. An olde Cocke whiche is well beaten after his ethers be pulled of vntill he be •• ll bloudy, and then cutte of his ead and drawe him, and ſethe im in a cloſe potte with fayre ater, and whyte wyne, Fenyll ootes, Burrage rootes, Violet, lanten, Succory, and Buglos aues, Dates, Prunes, greate Rayſins, Mates, and Suger, & ut in the mary of a Calfe, and anders. This is a moſte excel nt broth to them that be ſicke, •• eake, or cōſumed. The braines •• hennes, capons or chekens, be •• olſome to eate, to comforte the raine and memory. And thus to onclude theſe forſaide fowles, 〈◊〉 better for idle folkes that labour. not, then for them that vſe exerciſe or trauel, to whom groſe meates are more profitable.

¶ Iohn.

What is the properties of Geſe?

Humfrey.

VVylde gyſe and tame, their fleſh be veri groſe and hard of diſgeſtion,Auicen. in 2. Cano. Cap. 46. Auicen ſaieth The fleſhe of great foules and of geſe, be ſlowe and hard of diſgeſtion: for their humiditie, they do breade feuers quickly, but their gooſlynges or yonge geſe, being fatte, are good and much cōmended in meates. And Galen ſaieth that the fleſhe of foules be better then the fleſhe of beaſtes.Galen in lib. 3. de alimen.

But vndoubtedly goſe, mallard pecocke,Of great foules. ſwane, and euery foul hauing a long necke, be all har of diſgeſtion, and of no good cō plexions. But if geſe be well ro ted and ſtopped with ſalte, ſage, epper, and onions, they will not urte the eaters therof. There be great geſe in Scotlād, which redeth vpon a place called the Baſſe. Ther be alſo Bernacles, whiche haue a ſtraunge genera ion as Ges erus ſaith:Geſnerus. and as the eople of the Northe partes of Scotlande knoweth, & becauſe 〈◊〉 ſhould ſeme incredible to mani I wil geue none occaſiō to any, ither to mocke or to meruayle. And thus I geue warninge to hem whiche loue their healthe, 〈◊〉 haue theſe forſayd foules ſomwhat poudred or ſtopped with alte, all the night, before they be roſted.

Iohn.

I pray the tel me of y fleſh of Duckes?

¶Humfrey.

THey be the hoateſt of all domeſtical, or yard foules, and vncleane of feeding: notwithſtā ding, though it be harde of diſgeſtion and marueilous hoate, yet it doth greatly norriſhe the body and maketh it fatte.Hip. in 2. can. ca. 46 Hippocrate ſaieth: they that be fedde in puddels & foule places, be hurtfull: but they that be fedde in houſes, pennes or coopes,Iſack. in. vni. ca. 16. be neutratiue, but yet groſe, as Iſack ſaith.

Ihon.

What he Pigiōs, Turtles or Doues?

Humfrey.

THe fleſh of Turtles be meruailous good, and equall to to the beſte as Auicen ſaith:Auicen. in can. de ca. Thei be beſt when they be yonge and holſome for flegmaticke people. Simeon Sethi ſaieth: the houſe doue is hoater then the field doue, and doth engender groſe bloud. The common eating of them is ill for chollericke perſones with read faces, for feare of Leproſie: therfore cut of the feete, wynges, and head, of your Pigiōs or Doues, for their bloud, is that whiche is o venemous: they be beſt in the ſpring tyme, and herueſt. And Iſaack ſaieth,Iſaac. in lib. dicta: Cap. 16. becauſe they are ſo yghtly conuerted into choller. They did commaunde in the old ime, that they ſhoulde be eaten with ſharpe Vineger, Pur leyn, Coucombers, or Sitron. Rooſted Pigions be beſte.Roſted pigions be beſte. The bloud that commeth out of the ryght wynge, dropped into ones ye, doth mightely help the eie, if it ſwelleth or prieketh. And thus much haue I ſpoken of Pigeōs, or Doues.

Ihon.

What is the fleſh of Peacoches?

Humfrey.

SImeon Sethi ſaieth: it is a rawe fleſh, and harde of diſgeſtion, onles it be very fatte. But if it b fatte, it helpeth the Plureſie. Haliabas ſaith:Hali. in. 5. Retho. cap. 23. that both Swannes Cranes, Pecockes, and any great foules, muſte after they b killed, be hanged vp by ye necks two or thre daies, with a ſtoon waiyng at their feete, as ye weather will ſerue, and then dreſſed and eaten. Prouided that good wyne be dronken after them.

Iohn.

What is the fleſhe of Cranes?

Humfrey.

SImeon Sethi ſaieth:Simeon Sethi. their fleſſhe is hoate and drie, the young be good, but the old encreaſeth melancoly, they dooe engender ſeed of generation, and being tenderly roſted, doth helpe to cleare the voice, and clenſe the pype of the lunges.

¶ Iohn.

What is Swan?

¶ Humfrey.

EVery groſe foule is chollericke, harde of diſgeſtion: the Signetes be better then the old Swānes, if their Galantines be ell made, it helpeth to diſgeſte heir fleſhe.

¶ Iohn.

Hat is the fleſhe of Herons, Bytters, and Shouellers?

Humfrey.

THeſe foules be fiſſhers, and be very rawe, and flegma icke, like vnto the meate wherof hey are fedde: the young be beſt, and ought to be eaten with pepper, Synnamon, Suger, and inger, & to drinke wyne after yu or good diſgeſtion: And thus do for all water foules.

¶ Iohn.

What be partriches, Feſants quails, Larkes, Sparrowes, Plouer, and bla Eirdes?

¶ Humfrey.

PArtriches doth bynde ſhe bely,Auicen. and doth norryſhe milch The Cockes be better then t Henne birdes,Raſis in. 3. alm. c. 10. they dooe dry ffeume and corruption in the ſto macke. Feeſantes, is the beſt o al fleſh for his ſwetnes, is equa vnto the Capō or Partriche, b he is ſomewhat drier.Ra. in lib. 4. affo. And Ra ſayeth: Feaſantes fleſhe is goo for the that haue ye feuer Ethik for it is not only a meate, but medicine, and doth clenſe corru humers it the ſtomake. Quaile altough they be eaten of man yet they are not to be comende for they do engender aguwes, be euill for the falling ſickeneſſe For as Conciliatur ſaieth: of al foules that be vſed for meates it is the worſte.Dioſco. Dioſcorides ſaieth: that Larkes roſted, be holſome to be eaten of them that be troubled with the chollicke. Blacke birdes taken in the time of froſt, be holſom and good of diſgeſtiō:The properties of ſmall birdes. The donge of Black birdes tempered with vineger, and applied to any place that haue the blacke Morphewe, or black Leproſie, often tymes annointed with a ſponge doth helpe thē. The fleſh of Plouers doeth engender melancoly. Sparrowes be hoote, & prouoketh venus or luſt:Plinii. lib ii. Cap. 36. Plinii doeth diſcribe their properties: he braines be the beſte parte of hem. Woodcockes be of good di geſtion and temperate to feede vpon. All ſmal birdes of ye field, s Robbin read breſt, Lynettes, Finches, red Sparrowes, Gold wynges, and ſuche like, if thei be fatte, they be marueilous good, and doth greatly cōforte nature, either roſted or boyled, and thus do I cōclude with the of birdes.

¶ Iohn.

I Hartely thanke thee, gentle maiſter Humfrey: for thy paines takinge in theſe thy rules vnto me, concerning the proper vſe of beaſtes, and foules, in meates. I would be glad to knowe the vertues of ſome fyſhes?

¶ Humfrey.

IN many Ilādes of this world, nere adiacent vnto the occiente ſeas, the people liue there, moſte chiefly by fiſhe, and be right ſtrōg and ſound people of complexion, as Ariſtotel ſaieth:Ariſto in proble. Conſuetudo eſt tā quam altra natura. Cuſtome is like vnto another nature, but becauſe I ſpeake of fiſhe, I will deuide them in thre partes. Firſt of the fiſſhes of the ſea, ſecōdly the fiſhe of freſhe running riuers,Of ſea Eiſhe. thirdly of the fiſhes in poles & ſtandinge waters. The Sea hath manye groſe and fatte fyſſhes, which be noyſome to the ſtomacke, but the ſmaler kind of fiſhes yt fede about rockes & cleare ſtony places, bee more drier and leſſe of moiſtnes, then the freſh water fiſhe, & doth engenderles fleume and winde, by the reaſon of their ſalt feding as Galen ſaieth:Galen d tuen, they be the beſte fiſhes that feede in the pure ſea: and chiefeſt of all fiſſhes for the ſe of mankinde.Hali. in quin, the Capit. 25. But Haliabas ſaieth: new fiſhe lately taken, is olde and moiſt, and flegmatick, but leſte of all the Sea fyſſhe. Fyſſhe that ſwymmeth in freſhe leare Ryuers, or ſtoony places, where as the water is ſweate, eynge fyſſhes that beare ſcales, hee meruaylous good.

If they feede neare vnto places where muche filthe is daily caſte out, there the fiſſhe be very corrupt and vnholſome, as the ſaid Haliabas ſaieth: Fyſhe that fedeth in fennes, mariſces, diches, and moddie pooles, be very vnholſome, and do corrupt the bloude, they be groſſe & ſlymy, corrupt & wyndie. But thoſe fiſſhes that be fed in fayre pondes, wherein two running waters may enſue,Beſt feding for fiſhe. and where as ſweate herbes, rootes, weedes, that groweth about the bankes, doth feed the fiſſhe: thoſe fiſſhe be holſome. Galen ſaieth Fiſſhe yt is whyte ſkalled, harde. As perches, Cheuiens, Ruffes, Carpes, Breimes, Roches, Troutes &c. be al good. But vnſkaled fiſſhes, as Eales, Tenches, Lampreis, and ſuche like, be daungerous, onles they bee well baken or roſted, and eaten with pepper, ginger, & vineger: And note this,To labor ſone after theatyng of fiſhe, is hurtfull. Galen. that it is not holſome traueling, or labourynge, immediatly after the eatinge of fyſſhe, for it doeth greately corrupte the ſtomacke, and as Galen ſaieth: the nourryſhementes of fleſhe is better then the nourriſmentes of fyſhe: And thus much generallie I haue ſpoken of fiſh.

Ihon.

ANd thus it ſemeth by thy wordes that great fiſſhe that be deuourers in ſea,Oyle far, fiſhe be grooſ fode. as Seale and Purpos, and ſuch like, be vnholſome, and that the ſmaller fiſſhes, as Codlinges, Whitinges, Places, Smeltes, Buttes, Solles, pike Perche, Breime, Roche, Carpe, and ſuch as fedeth in cleane ſtony waters: thou ſayſte they be holſome, Eales, Lampreis, and other muddy fyſſhes, hou doeſt not greatly commend.

There be ſome kyndes of fyſh ſoft and harde, whiche be the beſte?

¶ Humfrey.

If fyſſhe be ſofte, the eldeſt fyſhe is the be beſt:The electiū of fiſh. If fyſhe be harde the yongeſt is beſt, for it is either ſoft or hard. Of harde fiſhe take the ſmalleſt, of ſofte fyſſhe take the greateſt: Prouided that your fyſhe be not very ſlimy, and thus ſayeth Auicen in hys booke of fyſſhes.Auicen cap. de piſcibus.

Ihon.

I pray the tell me ſome thynge of ſhell fyſſhes?

Humfrey.

CRauiſes and Crabbes, be very good fyſſhes,Creuiſes and crabs the meate of them doth helpe the lunges, but they be hurtfull for the bladder, yet they wyll engender ſeade. If Crabbes of the freſhe water bee ſodden in pure grene Oyle oliue: this Oyle dropped into the eare luke warme, dooeth heale hoate burning obſtructions, and ſtoppinge matter that hindreth the hearynge. As for lempetes, Cockles,Galen in libra de a limento. Scallapes as Galen ſaieth: they be harde of diſgeſtion, muſkels & oiſters wold be wel boiled roſted, or baken with onions, wine, butter, ſuger, ginger, & pepper, or els they be very wyndy & flegmatike. Chollerick, ſtomaks may wel diſgeſt raw oiſters, but they haue caſt many one away.

Ihon.

What is the vertue of Oyle?

Humfrey.

GReene oile of oliues, is ye mother of all oiles, which doeth drawe into her owne nature the vertues of herbes, buddes, flowers, frutes, and rootes. Swete ſallet oyle is holſome to diſgeſte colde herbes, and ſallets, tēpered with ſharpe Vineger and Suger. Auerdies commeth oyle in quinto de ouis. Newe Oyle doth moiſt, and warme the ſtomacke, but olde Oile, corrupteth the ſtomacke, & cleueth to the lunges, and maheth one horſe. Oyle of Roſes & ſharpe vineger, tempered together, is good to anointe the fore heades of them that be troubled with extreme heate or franſie, ſo that Blugoſe be ſodden in their poſſet ale, or els drinke the ſyrrupes of Endiue, or Buglos.

There be many goodlie vertues in compounded oiles, both to calife and make hote: And alſo to coole the body whē it is extreme hoote, as the great learned man Iohn Meſua, hath decribed in his Antidorarii.

Ihon.

VVilt thou be ſo good as to tell me the properties of water?

¶ Humfrey.

VVater is one of the four elementes,Galli. 3. de uic. in. aui. li. 1. fen. 2. more lighter then earth, heuier then fire and ayre. But this water which is here amongeſt vs in Riuers, Pondes, ſpringes,What kinde of waters is beſt. floudes, and ſeas: be no pure waters, for thei be mingled with ſundry ayres, corruptions, groſeneſſe, and ſaltnes: notwithſtandynge in all our meates and drinkes water is vſed, & amongeſt all liuyng creatures can not be forborn, both man, beaſt, fiſh, foule,Auice. lib 1. fen. 3. de diſpoſitionibus aquarum. herbe, and graſſe. And as Auicen ſaieth, the claye water is pure, for cley clenſeth the water, and is better then water that rū neth ouer grauell, or ſtones, ſo that it be pure cley, voyde of corruption. Alſo waters runnynge toward the eaſt, be pure, cōmyng oute of harde ſtonye rockes, and a Pinte of that water is lighter then a pynte of the ſtandyng water of welles, or pooles. The lighter the water, the better it is. Alſo waters that is put in wine. &c ought firſt to be ſoddē or it be occupied cold, and ſo the fire dothe clenſe it from corruption. Standing waters and water running neare vnto cities and townes, or mariſh ground, wodes, & fennes be euer ful of corruption, becauſe there is ſo much filthe in them of carions & rotten dunge. &c. The hyer it water dothe faule, then the water is. Yſe and ſnowe waters be verygroſe, and be hurtfull to the bodies of menne and Beaſtes. To drincke colde water is euyll, for it wyll ſtoppe the bodye, and engender melancholye. Salte water helpeth a man from ſcabbes, iche, and moiſte humoures, it killeth lice, and waſteth bloude betwene the ſkin and the fleſſhe, but it is mooſte hurteful to the ſtomacke, but the vapoure and ſmoke of it is good for them that haue the dropſy.

¶ Iohn.

What is Vineger?

Humfrey.

VIneger is colde and drye,The properties of Vineger. and is hurtefull for theim that be melancholye, but when it is dronke, or poured vpon a outward wound ſtoppeth the bloud It alſo kylleth hot apoſtumations of eriſipilus, it is an enemi to the ſinowes. Vineger & brimſtone ſodden together, is good for the Goute, to waſſhe it withall. Vyneger tempered wyth oyle Olyfe, or oyle of Roſes, and ſodē with vnwaſhed wol, helpeth a diſeaſe called Soda in the heade, applied warme vnto the place, it dothe helpe hoate diſeaſes in the hed called Soda, it is good in ſauce for al warm and moiſt men. Vineger with clene clarified honye penidies and faire water ſodden together, doth greatly helpe the paines in the throte, or lunges, or ſtoppyng the winde, & quencheth hoat diſeaſes. And ſharpe vyneger mingled with ſalt, and put vpon the biting of a dog, doth heal it: and againſt poyſon it is excellent, chiefly to drinke a litle therof againſt the peſtilence in a mornynge.

¶ Iohn.

What vertue hath our common ſalt?

Humfrey.

RAſis ſaith,Raſis in. 3. alman. Capit. 17. ſalt is hoat and dry, Dioſcorides ſaith, ſalt hath vertue to ſtop, to ſcoure, and mundifie, and of that minde is Oribaſius, The vertue of falt ſaiyng: ſalt is compoūded of matter abſterſiue and ſtiptik, whiche atters be both binding and driyng moiſt humours, and is good to powder fat fleſh, both bief and porke, and other fat meate: for it hath vertue to drye vp ſuperfluous humours, as water & bloud. &c. But it is not good for leane bodies, or hoat cōplexcioned people, for the much vſe of it maketh the body cholerike, appere aged, and to be angry. The very vſe of it is onelye to ſeaſon meates, but not to be meate. Much good ſalt is made here in Englande, as at itch, Hollond in Lincholnſhire and in the Shiles nere vnto new aſtell.

Ihon.

What is honye, or the vertue thereof?

Humfrey.

AVerrois ſayeth,Auerrois in. 5. honye is hoa and drye in the ſeconde degree, and dooeth cleanſe verye much, and is a medicinable mea moſte chieflieſt for olde men and women. For it doth warme them & conuert thē into good blud.Simeon Sethi. I is not good for cholerick perſons becauſe of the heat and dryneſſe. Thei do greatly erre that ſay hony is hoat and moiſte: but if it be clarified from his wax and droſſe and kept in a cloſe veſſel, there is nothinge that is liquid vpon the earth that remaineth lēger. And this precious iewel hony, hath euer bene more prayſed aboue ſuger, for it wil cōſerue & kepe anye frute, herb, rote, or ani other thīg that is put into it an exceadynge longe time. Marueilous is the worke of God in honye, beyng a heauenlye dewe, that falleth vppon flowers and leues as Auicen aieth,Auen in. 2. Cano. Cap. 504. and is neither the iuice of eaues nor fruite, but onelye the eauenlye dewe. Whereunto the Sees commeth in due time, and ather the ſaid honye, and laye it p in ſtore in their curious buil ed houſes, whereas they dwell •• gether in moſt goodly order.god hath ordeyned ye Sees to bee an exāple vnto vs, bothe for loue & worcking in the common wealthe. Virgilius O Sees bees, how happyer are you more then many wretched men, hyche dwelleth neuer together 〈◊〉 vnitye and peace, but in con nuall diſcorde, and diſquietnes s Virgill ſayeth. En quo diſcor a ciues produxerit miſeros. Be olde what diſcorde wretched Citizins haue broughte foorth. But nowe to make an ende of e moſte excellente vertues of onye, it is good in the meates 〈◊〉 theim whyche be flegmatike. Hony newely taken out of their combes, be partlye laxatiue, but clarified hony doth binde and dry vp fleum, and kepeth the bodyes of flegnatike and old perſons frō corruption. The beſt hony is gathered in the ſpringe time, the ſeconde in ſomer, but that which is gathered in winter, is yll & hurtful. One parte of hony, and ſome part of water ſodden together vntil the ſroth be all ſcomde of, and when it is colde kepte in a cloſe ſtone pot,Galen de tuen, ſani Libra. 4. this drinke ſaieth Galen is holeſome for ſommer, clenſeth the lunges, & preſerueth the bodye in health. Oximel ſimplex and compoſitum be made wyth honye, and ſo be many mo thinges whiche be of greate vertue. Suger which is called Mel canne, hony of the reed, beyng clene, & not ful of groſe pannell, doth clenſe, and is not ſo hoate as Bees honye, and doth agree with the ſtomacks of cholericke perſons.Haliabas in. 5. theo. Capi. 27. Haliabas ſaith it moueth not the ſtomacke to drynes, and that the clene white ſuger not adulbrated, dothe nouriſhe more then honye. Of Roſewater, Pearles, & ſuger is made a goodly comforter for the harte, called Manus Chriſti.

Ihon.

What is the propertie of milke?

Humfrey.

SImeon Sethi ſaieth that milke is of three partes:Simeon Sethi. whay, curdes, and creme. Whay is holeſome to drinke, in Sommer, ſpecially of cholericke perſons, it clenſeth the body. Milke of fat beaſtes dothe nouriſh more then the leane beaſtes, and the mylke of yong beaſtes is better then of the olde. And the newe mylke is holeſomer then that whych hath ſtand in the ayre,Raſis in. 3 alman. Capit. 15. as Raſis ſayeth. And alſo thoſe beaſtes that feadeth in drye Paſtures amongeſt ſweet Hearbes, graſſe, and flowers hauynge conueniente Water their mylke is very good. Milk in the begynnynge of Somer is verye holeſome.Milke not good for foule stomakes In winter it is vnholeſome for flegmaticke perſones, or them whyche haue corrupte and foule ſtomackes. Fo if the mylke be ſower, it dooet engender the ſtone in the raynes or bladder. Cowes mylke is th thyckeſt mylcke, and vnctius or full of butter. But the beſte mylcke that healpeth agaynſt Conſumptions,Hip. in. li de air. et aqua. is womannes mylcke. The nexte is Goates mylke, whych Goates mylke rather nouriſheth to muche, if it bee taken commonely.

Shepes milke is not very pleaſaunte to the ſtomacke. And note thys, that Mylcke is not holeſome to theim whyche haue payns in the Head or teeth. But the people that bee broughte vp wyth mylcke, bee fayre coloured, and healthfull bodyes.

Iſaac ſayeth, if Honye and a little ſalte bee ſodden in the mylke hen it is wholeſome, and is not wyndye nor flegmatycke.

If mynts, burrage leaues, roſemarye flowers, honye ſuckles, and a little Suger bee layed in 〈◊〉 Baſone, and couered wyth a ayre lynnen clothe, and mylke he ſayed Baſon full throughe he clothe, and let it ſtande all yghte. Thys is pleaſaunt to rynke in the mornynge vppon n empty ſtomacke, two houres before anye other meate, it clenſeth the rage of hoate burnyng Chollere,Galen de alimen. and thus I leaue o mylke.

Ihon.

What is butter?

Humfrey.

BVtter is hoate and moyſte freſhe butter is vſed in many medicines.The operation of butter & Cheeſe. Newe made butte meanelye ſalted, is good wyt breade, fleſſhe, and fiſſhe, it healpeth the lunges, and purgeth th dryneſſe of the throate, and helpeth coughes moſte chieflyeſt if 〈◊〉 be mingled wyth honie or ſuger. It is good for younge children when their teeth dothe growe o ake. Buttermilke if ye crumm newe whyte breade into it, an ſuppe it of, there is no mylke noriſheth ſo muche, Goates mylk excepted. Cheeſe if it be new it is indifferentlye well commended, but harde ſalte Cheeſe doth drye the bodye, and engendereth he Stone,Iſaac in. 5 doc. ca. 15. Auicen in ſecun. capitulo. cxxviii. as Iſaac and Auicene sayth, and manye other doctours mooe doe diſcommende it then prayſe it. When pottes or ſtones ee broken, if harde Cheeſe bee steped in water and made ſofte, and grounde vppon a Paynters Stone, it wyll ioyne the broken Pottes or Stones together agayne. By this I gather, that Cheeſe wil engender the Stone before anye other meates. Therfore Cheeſe ſhoulde be made in Somer when the creame is not taken from the milke. And Bittony, Saxifrage, and Parcelye, hopped together, be holeſome to be mingled amongeſt the cu ds, and thus I conclude wyth Halia as, that olde cheſe is vnholeſome.

¶Iohn.

What be Egges.

Humfrey.

GAlen ſayeth in hys boke of Symples, that Egges is n parte of the fowles, but a porcion of the thynge frome whence it came. Simeon Sethi wrytynge of the diuerſitye of Egges, ſayeth, the fyrſte propertyes is 〈◊〉 their ſubſtaunce, and the ſeconde is in their tyme, either newe layed or olde. The thyrde is in the maner of their roſting, potchynge, or ſeethinge. Newe layed Egges of Hennes potched and ſupped, vppon an emptye Stomacke, dooeth clenſe the Lunges and the raynes of the backe. Harde Egges bee greatlye diſcommended, vnleſſe it be to ſtoppe flixes, but it were better to ſeath Egges harde in vyneger, and then vndoubtedlye it wyll drye vppe the Flyxe of the beallye. Fryed Egges bee verye hurtefull for Cholericke people, and theim whiche haue the Stone. Duckes and Gees Egges bee groſe and noyſome, but Partriche, Feaſauntes, and Hennes egges, ingendreth good bloude.

Iohn.

What is the propertie of wyne.

Humfrey.

HIpocrates ſaith of a cuſtomable thinge commeth leſſe hurte,Hipp. in ii. aphori where of I gather, that they that drynke wine cuſtomablye wyth meſure, it doth profit them much, and maketh good diſgeſtion. But thoſe people that vſe to dryncke wine ſeldome times, be diſtemperated. White wyne if it be cleare,Auero in 6. colig. Raſis in libra, 26. on. ca. 1. it is holeſome to be dronk before meat, for it pearſeth quickely to the bladder: but if it be dronke vpon a full ſtomacke, it wil rather make opilation and ſtoppynge of the meſerates, becauſe it dothe ſwiftlye driue fode doune, before nature hath of hym ſelf diſgeſted it. And ye nature of white Wyne is of leaſt warmeneſſe. The ſeconde Wyne is pure Claret, of a clere Iacinct, or yelow colour. This wine doth greatly nourryſhe and warme the body, and is a holſome wyne with meate, and is good for flegmatike folke, but very vnholſome for younge children, or them whiche haue hoate liuers, or paines in their heade, occaſioned of hoate vapours, or ſmokes, for it is like vnto fier, & flaxe. The thirde is blacke, or deepe read wyne, which is thick, a ſtopper of the belly, a corrupter of the bloud, a breader of ye ſtone, hurtfull to olde men, and profitable to fewe menne, except they haue the flixe. And for the election of wyne ſaieth Auicen: that wine is beſt that is betwene new and olde,Auicē in 3. prim. 2. doc. ca. 8. cleare, declining ſomewhat to read of good odoure, neither ſharpe nor ſwete, but equall betwene two, for it hathe vertue not onlye to make humoures tē perate, warme, & moiſt, but alſo to expell euil matter, whiche corrupted the ſtomacke and bloude. In ſomer it oughte to be delayed with pure cleare water, as Ariſtotle ſayth in his problemes. And note this, that in driyeres, wines be beſte and moſt holeſome, but in watry yeres, the grapes be corrupted, whiche wine doth bringe to the body many euill diſeaſes, as dropſies, tympanes, flixes, reumes, wyndes and ſuche lyke, as Galen ſayeth. And thus to cō clude of wyne,Galen in. reg. a •• . almighty god did ordeine it for the great comforte of mankinde, to bee taken moderatly, but to be dronken with exceſſe,The heat of exceſſe in drinking. it is a poyſon mooſte venemous, it relaxeth the ſenewes, bryngeth palſey, fallyng ſycknes in colde perſones, hoate feuers, franſies, fyghtinge, lecherie, and a conſuming of the lyuer, to chollerycke perſones. And generallye there is no credence to be geuen to dronkards, although they be myghty men. It maketh men lyke vnto monſters, with cō tinaunces, like vnto burnynge cooles: It diſhonoureth noble men, and beggereth poore men: and generally kylleth as many as be ſlayne in cruell battailles, the more it is to be lamented.

¶ Iohn.

What is Beere or Ale?

¶ Humfrey.

ALe doth engendre groſe humors in the body, but if it be made of good barly malte, and of holſome water, and verye well ſodden, and ſtande fyue or ſyxe daies, vntyll it bee cleare. It is verye holſome, eſpeciallye for hoate chollerycke folkes, hauing hoate burning feuers. But if ale be very ſwete and not well ſoddē in the brewing, it bringe thin flamation of wind and choller in to the belly: If it bee very ſower, it fretteth and nepeth the guttes, & is euil for the eies. To them that be very flegmaticke, ale is very groſe, but to temperat bodies it encreaſeth bloude: It is partely laxatiue, and prouoketh vrine. Cleane brewed Beare if it be not very ſtrong, brewed with good hoppes, doeth clenſe the body frō corruption, & is very holſom for the liuer, it is an vſual or cōmon drinke in moſte places of Englande, whiche in deade is hurt & made worſe with many rotten hoppes, or hoppes dried like duſt whiche commeth from beyonde the ſea. But although there commeth manye good hoppes from thence, yet it is knowen that the goodly ſtilles, & fruteful groūds of englād, do bring furth to mās vſe, as good hoppes as groweth in any place of this worlde, as by profe I know in many places of the countrey of Suffolke: Where as they brewe their beare with the hoppes that groweth vppon their owne groundes: And thus to conclude of ale and beere, they haue no ſuche vertue nor goodnes as wyne haue, and the ſurphetes whiche be taken of them, through dronkenes: be worſe thē the ſurphetes taken of wyne.

Knowe this that to drinke ale or beere of an empty ſtomacke moderatly hurteth not, but dooeth good.Auicen. •• ter tra. ii. capitu. 8. Auero in comen. Raſis in. 4. alman. Capitu. . But if one be faſting hungry or empty and drinke muche wine, it will hurte the ſynewes, & bringeth crāpe, ſharpe agues, & palſeis, as Auicen, Auerois and Raſis ſaieth.

¶ Iohn.

What is bread?

Humfrey.

THe beſte Bread is made of cleane ſwete wheate whiche groweth in claie grounde, and maketh but litle brēne when it is groūd, light leuened, meanelye ſalted, and the bread to be baken in an ouen not extremely hoate, for burning of the bread, nor les then meane hoat, for cauſyng the bread to be heauy and rawe, the lyghter the bread is, & the more full of holes, it is y holſomer, as Auerrois and Raſis ſaieth.Auerrois in quint. Col. And alſo bread muſt neither be eaten new baken, nor very ſtaile or olde, for thone cauſeth drieneſſe thirſt & ſmoking into ye head,Raſis in. 30. Almā cap. 3. troubling the braines and eies through the heate thereof: The other drieth the body and bringeth melācoly, humers, hurting memory. The beſt bread is that whiche is of a daie olde, and the loues or manchets, may neither be great nor litle, but meane, for the fier in ſmal loues dryeth vp the moiſtnes or vertue of the bread, and in great loues it leueth rawenes and groſenes.Galen. 1. aliment. Cap. 2. Reade Galen in the properties of bread: Sodden bread, whiche be called ſymnels or cracknelles, bee very vnholſome, and hurteth many one: Rie bread is wyndy and hurtefull to many, therfore it ſhoulde be well ſalted & bakē with Annis ſedes, and cōmonly cruſtes of bread be very dri & burneth, thei do engē der melancoly humers. Therfor in great mens houſes the bread is chipped and largeli pared and ordynarely is made in brewes, and ſoſſe for dogges, whiche wyl helpe to feede a great nomber of poore people, but that manye be more affectionat to dogges then men: Barly bread do clenſe, coole and make the body leane.

Iohn.

What is Riſe.

Humfrey.

THere be many opiniōs in the vertue therof, but I ſhal ſtay my ſelfe with the iudgement of Auicen: Aui. in. 2. Can. cap. 500. lxxviii. Ryſe ſaith he, is hot & dry & hath vertue to ſtop the belly, it doth nourriſhe much, if it be ſodden with milke, but it oughte to be ſteped in water a whole night before: if blaunched Almondes be ſtamped and with Roſe water ſtreined into them, and ſodden with cowes milke, it is very nutramentall.

Iohn.

What be Almondes?

Humfrey.

THe bitter Almondes be hoatter then the ſwete Almōdes. Drie Almondes be hurtfull, the milke of moiſte Almondes, wher in burning ſtele is quēched, ſtoppeth the flix: To eate Almondes before meate, preſerueth againſt drinkenes.Of Walnuttes. Walnuts be holſom when they be newe, to bee eaten after fiſhe, for they hinder engendring of fleume. Simeon Sethi ſaith they are hote in the firſt, and drie in the ſeconde degre, not holſome before meate,Plinii in Liber. 22. Capitu, 8. Plinii ſpeakinge of Metridatis the greate kynge that Pompius, founde of his own hand writinge, that two nuttes & two figges, and twenty rewe leaues ſtāped together with a litle ſail, and eaten faſting, doth defende a mam both from poyſon and peſtilence that daie. Philberdes and haſte nuttes,Of Philbardes. be hard of diſgeſtion, ill before meate, hurtefull to the head and lūges, if they be roſted and eaten with a litle pepper, they will helpe the running and diſtillation of rumes. Cheſtnuttes if they bee roſted & eaten with a litle hony faſtynge,Of cheſtnuttes. they healpe the coughe, if they be eaten rawe, althoughe they greatelye nourryſhe the boedy, yet they be hurtful for the ſplene and filleth the bellyful of winde. Nutmegges bee very good for colde perſones,Of nutmegges. comforteth the ſight & memory,Auicen Capit. de nuce, as Auicen ſaieth but without doubte Nutmegges doth combuſte or burne ſangwin men, and drie their bloude: and thus much haue I ſpoken ſhortly of Nuttes.

Iohn.

VVhat be Cloues, Galangell, and Pepper?

Humfrey.

THey be hoate and drie, and as Raſis ſaieth:Raſis in li. 4. acho doth comforte cold ſtomakes: and make ſweate breth, and is good in the meates of them that hath ill diſgeſtion Black pepper is hoater then lōg pepper, & doth mightely warme the body, the groſſer it is eaten, with fiſſhe or frute, the better it prouoketh vrine, it is hoate and drie,Iſaac in parti diebus. in the fourth degre, therfore they do erre that ſaie pepper is hoate in the mouthe and colde in the ſtomacke. Although pepper be good to them that vſe it well, yet vnto artificiall women that haue more beaſtlines then beuty and cannot be content with their natural complexions, but would fayne be fayre: they eate peper, dried corne, and drinke vineger, with ſuche like bagage, to drye vp their bloude,A practiſe and this is the very cauſe that a great nomber though not all, fal into weakenes, greene ſickenes, ſtinkinge brethes, and oftentimes ſodaine death.

Ihon.

What is ſwete Callamus odoratus?

Humfrey.

AN excellent ſweete roote and profitable for men, if the poticaries keepe it not vntill it bee rotten, it is hote and drie in the beginning to the middes of the ſecond degre, it hath poore to clēſe, to drie, to waſte all windes with in the body without hurte. Galen doth greatly cōmend the ſauoure of it. They yt drinke of this roote ſodden in wyne, ſhal haue remedy of the white morphew, and recouer good collers. And this haue I proued, it helpeth crampes & ſickeneſſis in the ſenewes, beinge dronke in wyne, ſodden with ſage, it helpeth the ſplene, ye liuer and raynes, and will clenſe the ſecrete termes of womē, and agmenteth naturall ſeede.

Ihon.

What is Ginger?

Humfrey.

IT is hoote in the thirde degre,Auerrois in. 5. coll. and moiſte in thende of the firſt if it be vncollered. White and not rotten it is very good, moſt chiefly if it be conſerued. And grene as Meſua ſaith:Meſua in 4. diſtin. it maketh warme a colde ſtomacke, and conſumeth windes, helpeth euill diſgeſtion, and maketh meate gooe eaſelye downe into the ſtomacke.

Iohn.

What is Setwall?

Humfrey.

HOate and drie in the ſeconde degree, and is good, the pouder therof to be dronke is moſte of effect againſt the peſtilence excepte: Methredatum: It is good againſt poyſon, winde chollericke and colde paſſions of the harts, and doth reſtrain vometes. The weight of eight granes doth ſuffice to be dronke in ale or wyne vpon an empty ſtomacke.

¶Iohn.

What is Sinamon?

Humfrey.

DIoſcorides dooeth ſaie: there be many kindes of Sinamon, but generally their vertue is this to helpe dropſies, windes or ſtopping of the lyuer, and is hoate & drie in the thirde degre. Ihon. VVhat is Caſſia fiſtula, Seneca, and Rewbarbe?

Humfrey.

CAſſia fiſtula, if the Caane be heuie & the caſſia within blacke and ſhining that is good caſſia, if this be drawen new out of the caane halfe an ounce or more at one time, & mingled with ſuger, and eaten of a faſtinge ſtomacke in the morning it hath power to purge choller, to clēſe the raines of the backe it will frete and conſume the ſtone, it purgeth verye eaſely, and is pleaſant in taking, & may be taken of children, weke women, and ſicke mē, in the time of their feuers, ye acceſſe of their fyttes,Of •• barbe and his operation. eccepted. Rhabarbe do purge yellowe coller by him ſelf, two or thre drames may be takē or a litle more, ſo that there be a drame of ſpicanarde or ſinamon, put vnto it. In ſommer to drinke it with whay. In wynter with white wine: but ye cleane yellowe rubarbe ſliced, and put into infution all the nighte with whaye, whyte wyne, or Endiue water, and ſtreyne it in the mornynge, doth greately purge the bloude and lyuer, three or foure drames with ſpicanarde a dram or more. Seene Alexandria, if it bee ſodden in the broth of a cocke or a henne doeth purge the bloude and melancoly, very gently and comfort the hart. One oūce of the cleane ſmall leaues of ſeene withoute codes or ſtalkes, halfe a quarter of one ounce of ginger, twelue cloues, finkle ſeede two drames, or els twoo drames of ſinamon tartar, halfe a drame, beaten all together in pouder: Theſe dooe purge the head mightely to bee taken before ſupper, ye weighte of one drame in a litle white wine.

¶Iohn.

I woulde bee glad to learne the vertue of Aloes?

Humfrey.

THere be two kindes of aloes, one is named Succotrina, which is lyke a lyuer, cleare, brittle bitter, collered betwene read and yellowe, this is beſt for medicines 〈◊〉 little of this beinge tempered with Roſe water, being put vnto the eyes, helpeth the droppyng & watery eies. Alſo it is put in many excellent medicines laxatiue, as ſafron, myrre, aloes, mingled together. In the forme of pilles, is the moſt excellent medicine againſt the peſtilēce, as it is written in this book folowing. Honye and aloes mingled together, doe take away the markes of ſtripes and alſo doth mundify ſores and vlcers, it doth clenſe the aboundaunce of cholere, & fleume from the ſtomacke. It is not good to be taken in winter,Auicē in li. de ſim. for Auicen dothe forbid it, but in the ſpringe time, or harueſt the pouder therof. The weight of a frēch crown mingled with the water of honie or meade, and ſo droncke in the morninge it dothe clenſe bothe choller and flewme.Aloes cabalin. There is an other groſe aloes which is good for horſe tempored with ale; and miniſtred aſwell to other great beaſtes as horſes, the weight of halfe Anounce, and thus muche haue I ſaid of Aloes, but if aloes be clene waſhed, it is the holſomer, manye vnwaſſhed Aloes wil cauſe emeroydes.

Iohn.

IS the Safron that growe in England as good as that, that come from the other ſyde of the Sea?

Humfrey.

OVr Engliſh hony, & Safron is beter thē any that cometh frō aniother ſtrang or foren lād. But to thy queſtion of Safron, it haue vertue, ether in bread or potage, to make the hearte glad, it warme the body, it preſerueth frō drōknes, drōke in ale or wine prouoketh actes venerus, inducith ſlepe,Pillule •• uffe. purgeth vryn. Mirh a loes & ſaffrō, maketh an excelent pil againſt yt peſtilens, two peny waght of ſafron powder rooſted with the yolke of an egge very hard, and the ſayd yoke beaten in powder, twelf graynes drinke a morninges is good agaynſt the peſtilēce, Safron, planten, & Iuiry ſoddē. The dicoction drinke helpeth the yellow Iaunders, it is drye in the firſte degre & haue vertue to reſtrayne.

Iohn.

VVe playne men in yt countrie dwel far from great Cities, our wyues and children be often ſicke, & at deaths dore, we can not tell what ſhifte to make we haue no acquantance with y a apothicaris, comonly we ſend for aquātitie or mamſey what ſo euer out diſeaſes be, theſe be our comō medicine or elſe we ſend for a boxe of triakle, & when theſe medicines faile vs we cauſe a great poſſet to be made, and drynke vp the drinke: thinkeſt thou theſe medicines be not good?

¶Humfrey

FOr lacke of medicine God helpeth the people oftentimes by myracle, or els a great number of men ſhould peariſh. But becauſe the almightye God hath couered the whole face of the earth wyth many precious ſimples, wherof riche cōpoſſions be made. Therfore be nether ſo rude nor barbarous to thincke theſe medicines good that thou haſt reherſed, for al diſeaſes, although not hurtful to ſome: but becauſe many do receiue more miſchiefe then medicine in counterfaite treacles. I ſhal rehearſe vnto thee what Valerius Cordus and other, doth write vppon the vertue of the precious triacle called Metridatum.

Iohn.

I Woulde be glad to heare of that precious triacle, and his vertues.

¶Humfrey.

THis excellent triacle Methrid tum is nexte in qualitye and vertue to Theriaca & do differ but little, but onely Theriacha is a little hotter and ſtronger againſte venyme of Snakes, edders, and ſerpentes. It helpeth all paines of the head of men or women if it come of colde, moſt chiefly of melancholye and feare. It helpeth megreme, fallynge ſickenes, and all paines of the forehead, droppynge of eyes. It helpeth tothe-ach, paines of the mouth, chekes, if it be put in maner of a plaiſter, or els anointe the pained place. It helpeth pains of the throte called Squinance, and alſo coughe, appoplextia, and paſſion of the lunges, and many greuous dollers and paynes within the body, dronk with the decoction of the flowers of pomgranetes or planten it helpeth and ſtoppeth flixes in the Ilias & long gutes windes or collick. The extention or cramps be helped very much with this Metridatū drōken wyth ſtilled watters. Palſes, ſickeneſſis in the midriffe, the liuerrayns & bledder, be clenſed therby, it prouoketh the menſtruall termes in women being dronke with poſſit ale. If Iſope or iermāder be ſodden in the ſayd ale it is excellent agaynſte the peſtilence, or poyſone. If it be dronke but a litle quātitie therof, accordinge to the diſeaſe, ſtrength or adge of the perſone. It is verye good againſt the ſtone, or for wemen which haue a newe diſeaſe peraccidentes called the grene ſyckenes, there is nothinge better againſt the bitinge of a mad dogge then to drink of this, and to annoynt the wound. If it be geuen in drinke to any ſicke body a litle before the acceſſe or cominge of the colde fyttes of cotidians, tercians or quartens, ſo that it be dronke with wyne tē peratly warmed,Of the exſilent treacle called Methridatum. this Methridatū is a medicine of no ſmall pryce, Democrates hath a godlie compoſition of it, an other excellent cō poſition is of Cleopatre as Galen wryteth. An other and the moſt excellent is the dyſcryption of Andromachus phiſicion vnto king Nero, but the cheife father of this acte, was kinge Methridatus the noble king of Pōthus after whoſe name it is called.

Ihon.

In dede this is an excellent medicin, but I pray thee where ſhall I buye it

Humfrey.

THe blinde (felowe Iohn) doe eate many af ye, & the plaine meanynge man is oft diſceiued. There is no truſt in ſome of the Poticaries, for althoughe the vſurpacion of quid pro quo is tollerable, for their Succidanes yet to abuſe their ſimples or compoū des, it is not onely theft to robbe ſimple men: but alſo murther to kyll the hurtleſſe.

Iohn.

OF late time we haue bene ſo afflicted with ſondrye ſickeneſſes and ſtraung diſeaſes that in many places we could get no phiſicions to help vs, and when men be ſodainly ſicke CC. miles from London, Cambridge or Oxforde, it is to late for the paciente to ſend for helpe, being infected with the peſtilence. I pray the tel me ſome good regiment for me and my family, if it pleaſe God that it may take place.

Humfrey.

I Shalbe glad foraſmuche as thou haſt takē paynes to heare me al this while, to teache thee a prety regiment for the peſtilēce.

Iohn.

REade it faire and ſoftly, and I will take my yenne and write it.

¶ Humfrey.

CErtainly the occaſion of this moſte fearefull ſickenes commeth many waies:Oiffinici ̄ epidimi Gall. as the chaūge of the aire from a good vnto an euill qualitie, taking his venemous effect of the vitall ſpirites, whiche incontinent with al ſpeede, corrupteth the ſpirituall bloud. And ſodēly (as it were) an vnmerciful fire, it quickely cōſumeth the whole body euen to death, vnleſſe the holſome medicine do preuent and come to the heart, before the peſtilent humour. And becauſe it is a very ſtrong ſickenes, it is requiſite to haue a ſtrong curing medicine. For weake thinges wyll not preuayle againſt ſo ſtrong a matter. Therfore I pray you note theſe ſix ſaiyngs, as aire, diet, ſlepe, or watche, quietnes or trouble,Good air and finally medicine. Firſt walke not in ſtinking miſtes, nor by corrupte marris ground, nor in extreme hoate wether, but in faire cleare aire vppon high ground in ſwete fields or gardēs, hauing fire in your chāber, with ſwete perfumes, of yt ſmoke of Olibanium, or Beniamen Frankenſence, beinge colde wether. And in hoate wether, Roſes, willowe braunches ſprinkled with vineger, and often ſhiftinge the chamber is holſome, fleing the South wynde. Secondly, diat, moderate eating meate of good diſgeſtiō, as all that haue pure white fleſh, bothe of beaſtes & foules, good bread of wheate, partly leuened. Eate no raw herbes,Yōg lettis Purſten, Lettis, yong Lettis, or ſorrell, except with vineger. Drinke of cleare thine wine, not chaunged and vſe oft times vineiger with your meates, and myngle not fiſh and fleſhe together in your ſtomacke, & to drinke a tiſant of barley water, roſe water, & ſorrell water, betwene meales is good, eighte ſponefulles at ones.

Thirdly,Noone ſlepe. beware you ſlepe not at none it bringeth many ſickneſſes, & geueth place to the peſtilence, and abateth memorye. For as y marigold is ſpred by the daye, and cloſed by the nighte: euen ſo is man of nature diſpoſed, although through cuſtom otherwyſe altered vnto great domage and hurte of body.Slepe. Eight hours ſlepe, ſuffyſeth wel to nature, but euery complexion hath his proper qualities, to ſlepe vpon the right ſide is beſt, euell vpon the lefte, and worſe vpō the back.Exerciſe. Fourthly, vſe moderat exerciſe and labor for the euacuation of the excrementes, as ſwyfte going vp hilles, ſtretching forth armes and legges,De uēda ſanitate. Gall. lifting wayghtes, not verye ponderous, forby labour the firſt and ſecond digeſtion is made perfit, and the bodye ſtrengthened, & this is a mighty defence, agaynſt the peſtilēce, and many mo infirmities, whereas through idlenes bee engendred all diſeaſes bothe of the ſoule, and bodie, where of mā is compounded & made. Fifthlye,Mirth. aboue all earthlye thinges, mirth is moſte excellent and the beſte companion of lyfe, putter awaye of all diſeaſes: the contrary in plage tyme bringeth on the peſtilence, through painful melācolike: which maketh the body heauy and earthlye. Companye Muſike, honeſt gaming, or any other vertues exerciſe doth helpe agaynſte heauines of minde. Sixtly medicine, the partie beyng chaunged in nature and condicion, trimbling or burning, vomiting wyth extreme payne in the daye,Deſignis deſtilenci •• lis. colde in the night, and ſtraunge imaginacions. &c. Apte to ſlepe, when theſe ſignes do appeare, geue him medicine before .xii. houres, or elſe it will be his death. Take therfore withall ſpede, Sorel, one handful ſtāped with Rewe, Enulacampana, Oringe rindes, Sitron ſeedes: the great thiſtle rotes, Geneper beries, walnuttes cleane piked, of eche one ounce, ſtampe them all together, then take pure ſharpe vineger, a quarter of a pinte, as muche ugloſſe water, as much whyte wine, and temper your ſayd receites wyth theſe licoures. Then put in two ounces of pure Methridatum andromachi, Methridatū andromachi. which is an excellent triacle, and two drams waight of the powder of pure Bole armein, mingle them al together in a verye cloſe veſſell, and geue the pacient a ſponefull or more nexte hys heart, and eftſones aſmuch more, & let them that take this ſlepe not durynge twēty hours: or elſe take pure Triacle and ſet wel mingled in poſſit ale made with white wine, wherin ſorrel haue boyled a good draught, and let an expert Chirurgion let the pacient bloud vpon the midle vayne called Mediana, Mediana Baſilica. or the hart vayne: Baſilica a good quā tity according to the ſtrength and age of the paciente, excepte women with childe, and children. For the retaining the ſayde bloud, would all turne to venym and incurable poyſon: And note this, that bloud be letten vpō the ſame ſide that yt ſore doth appere. If any appere for many cauſes, & ſlepe not .viii. hours after, & vſe this moſt excelēt pillē often times.Pillule Peſtilencialis. Ruffi. Take pure aloes epatik & myrre, wel waſhed in cleane water, or Roſewater, of eche two drammes, and one dramme of the powder of Saffrō, mingled with litle of ſwete wine, and tempered in a very ſmal veſſel vppon yt coles, vntil it be partly thicke, or els incorporat al together in a morter, thē rol them vp in ſmal round pils, vſe to ſwalowe half a dram of theſe pilles two times a weke in yt peſtilence time a morninges .iii. houres before meate. An other medicen, tormentil gentian ſetwell of eche one dram, ſpicenarde drams .ii. naſtick drammes three, bole armen drams, viii. geue two drames to yt patiēt or any that feare the plage in the water of Skabeas, or Cardus Benedictus, then drinke the brothe of a chicken, or pure wine, to ripe the ſore, roſte a great onion, take out the core, put in triacle, and warme apply it to the place thre or foure tymes renued warme. And oyle Oliue, blacke ſope, ſoure leauen, Lilly rootes, of eche lyke quantitye boyled together, put in the ioyſe of Rew, and make a plaſter, this wil breake the ſayd ſore, Capōs greſe, yolkes of egges, ſwines greaſe, barlie floure, linſede in pouder, encorporated together, wil make a good heling plaſter. Emplaſtrum diachilon, magnum diſcriptione filii Zacharia doth reſolue: and quence the hote vlcer. But in the time of the plage truſt not vrins.

¶ Agayne to the gentle Reader.

THe ſwift (runner in his raſe, gentle Reader) in a ſtobby or rockye groūd is in daunger ef ſones to ſtumble or faule, where as the goer faire and ſoftly in the ſmothe path is ſafe. Euen ſo, becauſe I haue had no cōferrence with others, nor longe tyme of premeditatiō in ſtudie, but with ſpeade haue cōciliated this ſmal intitled Gouernement of health, it can not be, but many things haue miſſed in the print, as in folio .iii. the .xviii. line, reade ſighe for fight, i . fol. lx. the ſeconde page .xi. line, reade Olibanum for Olibulom: and in the ende of the Epiſtle to the reader, there is imprinted Wenzoar, for Auenzoer, & in fol. lxvi. line .xv. leaue out becauſe. And thus to conclude, I will by Gods grace ioyne another booke, called the Healthfull medicins vnto this Gouernement, and at the next impreſſiō ſuch amendes ſhalbe made, that both ſilable and ſentence ſhalbe diligently kept in trew order to thy contentacion, God willing, who euer kepe the in health. The firſt of March, the yeare of our ſaluacion. 1558.

VVilliam Bulleyn.