A regiment for the sea conteyning most profitable rules, mathematical experiences, and perfect knovvledge of nauigation, for all coastes and countreys: most needefull and necessarie for all seafaring men and trauellers, as pilotes, mariners, marchants. [et] c. Exactly deuised and made by VVilliam Bourne.

Author: Bourne, William, d. 1583.1574

¶A REGIMENT for the Sea: Conteyning most profitable Rules, Mathematical experiences, and perfect knovvledge of Nauigation, for all Coastes and Countreys: most needefull and necessarie for all Seafaring men and Trauellers, as Pilotes, Mariners, Marchants. &c. Exactly deuised and made by VVilliam Bourne.

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¶Imprinted at London by Thomas Hacket, and are to be solde at his shop in the Royall Exchaunge, at the Signe of the Greene Dragon.

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¶TO THE RIGHT Honorable, Edwarde Earle of Lincolne, Baron of Clinton and Say, Knight of the Noble order of the Garter, Lorde highe Admirall of Englande, Irelande, and VVales, and of the Dominions and Iles thereof, of the Towne of Calice, and Marches of the same, Normandie, Gascoygne and Guyone, and Captayne generall of the Queenes Maiesties Seas and Nauy Royall: William Bourne wisheth increase of honor in perfect health.

RIghte honorable and my singular good Lord and Master, vvhen I had often repeated and called to my remembraunce the opinion and sayings of the sage and auncient VVriters, that one man should be an instructer to an other, by seeking and paynes taking to doe them good: so at sundry times haue I studied and deuised vvith my selfe vvhat thing to take in [...]nde that might most profite my friends, and my [...] countrey: and at the length it came vnto my remembrance hovv necessarie a thing it vvas for Seafaring men to haue some good instructions, vvhervpon I haue vvritten this base and simple Regiment for the Sea, and Rules of Nauigation, for that I knovve it to be so needefull and necessarie for all sortes of Sea men. Therfore at sundrie times as I haue had leasure, I haue compyled and vvritten this base and simple vvorke, calling to remembraunce the saying of Plinie, vvho [Page] thought all that time lost vvhich he did not bestovve at his booke: I beeing of all other most simple, yet notvvithstanding this enterprise haue I taken in hande, to publishe this simple booke vnto all men. And for that, all my labours be due vnto your Honorable Lordship, according to my bounden dutie I preferre it vnto your Honor, hoping that your Lordship vvill voutchsafe to take it in good parte, and to receyue this barbarous vvorke, more to take it as my good vvill (vvhiches is to offer things of much more excellencie) than the finenesse of the vvorke, for that it is but simple. AÂnd so shall I not onely be satisfied, but also further encouraged heereafeer to trauell, according to the simple gifte and talent that God hath giuen vnto me: for that it is not altogither gathered out of other bokes, but that the greatest part is deuised and practised by me. Therefore I trust my labours (suche as they be) shall not hynder the cunning and learned sorte, but further the late beginners that are as yet not vvell instructed. And thus I ceasse to trouble your honorable Lordeship any longer, desiring you to take this simple thing in good part, as a true token and signe of my good vvill, beseeching God of his grace to prosper your Lordship in honor and vertue, vvith perfect health. Amen.

By your Honors poore seruant William Bourne.

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❧The Preface to the Reader.

IN my opinion (gentle Reader) which also is the saying and writing of all the Philosophers, those thinges are moste principally to be taught and maynteined, whiche in the common wealth are moste profitable and necessarie. Then may I boldely say (without iust cause of reproofe) and affirme, that Nauigation is not the least but one of the principal matters to be knowne, as this time dothe require: Considering the state and scituation of our countrie, for that we be inuironed rounde aboute with the Sea, so that we neither can go out of our countrie, neyther they that are of other countries can come at vs, but onely by Sea. These things (I say) considered, what can there be more necessarie to be taught in our common wealth than Nauigation, considering also what Nauigation is: as Nauigation is how to direct ones course vpon or thorow the sea, where he findeth no path to any place assigned, and how to attayne the porte or place appointed in shortest time, how also to preserue the shippe and goodes in al common disturbances, as stormes, daungers by the way, and such other like &c. Moreouer and besides that, it is not vnknowne howe necessarie Nauigation is, both for the transportation of our commodities, to find vent for them in other countries (whereby no small numbre of people is set a [Page] worke in England) and also the bringing of other commodities (that we haue neede of) vnto vs, by which meanes the Queenes Maiestie receyueth no small benefite for hir customes. &c. And furthermore, for that Nauigation is the chiefe force and strength of our countrie, which whether it be true I referre to the iudgement of all men, and although I be but simple (gentle Reader) & a great number of excellent learned men in the Mathematicall Science haue written diuerse bookes of Cosmographie and Nauigation, yet notwithstā ding I haue written this Regiment for the Sea with a fewe rules of Nauigation, as it were a nosegay whose floures are of mine owne gathering. And albeit the learned sorte of Seafaring men haue no neede of this booke, yet am I assured that it is a necessarie booke for the simplest sort of Seafaring men: for that they shall finde here the names of the circles in the sphere, with the names of diuerse things meete for Nauigation, togither with their vses, which the most parte of Sea men do mistake or misse call: neyther do they know the vse of them being yet most necessarie for them that vse Nauigation, in whiche also there is a table of declination calculated for .4. yeres, (that is to say, for the yeare of our Lord .1573. the firste after Bissextilis, the yeare .1574. beyng the second yeare, & the yeare .1575. which is the third yeare, with the yeare .1576. whiche is the yeare of Bissextilis or leape yeare it selfe) whiche the Sea men do call a Regiment, and will serue for .24. yeare without [Page] any great errour: and is exactly calculated for the Longitude of London for the instāt time of noone, and will serue all Europe and Affrica, neare vnto the coast of America without much errour, sauing in Februarie, Marche or September, whilest the sunne hath swifte declination. But in Iune and December it will serue al the world ouer: bycause the sunne hath but slowe declination, &c. And also there be other necessarie rules of Nauigation to know how to handle the Sunnes declination, to knowe the altitude of eyther of the .2 Poles, (as the contentes of the booke do shewe) with other necessarie things meete to be knowne in Nauigation, and not mentioned in the booke of Martin Curtise called the Arte of Nauigation. Neyther doe I meane to write of any thing mentioned in that booke: for that it is there sufficiently declared already. And thus (gentle Readers) I desire you to beare with my rudenesse, that I shoulde take vpon me to open any science, for that I am vtterly vnlearned, and without helpe of any learned persons, desiring you not to conceyue any euil opinion of me, but to take it as my good will, minding to profite my natiue Countrey as muche as lyeth in me. Notwithstanding it is possible that some people will be offended with me, that I shoulde write this simple Treatise, but then I consider agayne, and knowe, that vertue lacketh no enimies and defacers, and vyce lacketh no friendes and maynteyners, so that knowledge lacketh no contempt, neyther ignorance lacketh furtherance, [Page] & especially among all people there is none more ready to contemne, than the ignorāt sort: for ignoraunce is the father of all errours and the mother of contention. And thus I drawe to ende, desiring you to take this simple worke in good part, being willing to pleasure my natiue countrie according to the simple talent that God hath giuen me And whereas you finde any errour I pray you let me gently vnderstand, for I thinke not that I cause circumspectly worke but I may be deceyued, for man cannot be so precise but he may erre, and I haue seldome heard of any the best Authours but he hath erred in some poynt: therefore in those things that he knoweth not of himselfe he muste needes follow his Authour, and if his Author doe erre he must needes fall into that errour that his Author dothe. And furthermore, a numbre of people there be that deuise nothing els but lies and slaunders, yea, and those which cannot attayne to any thing themselues, doe hate all those that be not ignorant as they themselues be: for the corrupt nature of man is suche, that it is a corsey to their harts that any should be commended before themselues, for generally amongst all people of the earth (whiche is innumerable) euery seuerall person thinketh himselfe most worthie, imagining themselues to haue no fellowes: suche is the Diuill in the harte of man, pampering mans hart so with pryde to thinke he hath no fellow, whereas man of himselfe is not able to do any good thing, no not to thinke one good thought, but by the only [Page] might and prouidence of almighty God, therefore of our selues we can do nothyng that is good. And thus gentle Reader I make an end. If this simple and barbarous thing be taken in good parte, then looke for other of my workes shortly, and beare him good will that studieth for the benefite of his natiue countrie, desiryng God of his grace, that I and you may do that thing that may be to the laude, prayse and glory of God, to our commoditie and soules health, to the profite of our brethren, and the common wealth of this our realme. Thus I betake you to Almightie God the creator of all things, praying him that both I & you may after this life rest in the kingdome of heauen, with Abraham, Isaac and Iacob, there to remayne world without ende. Amen.

I. H. In commendation of the Booke.WHo so thou art that mindst to passe the seas,
By Compasse, Carde, the Sunne, or starrie skie,
Marke well this worke, and gayne thereby such ease,
As shall attayne thee profite great perdie,
Such rules hath Bourne directed to thine eye,
That euen by them, if saylings art were gone,
Thou mightst by these direct thy course alone.

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T. H. In prayse of the Author.WHo trauels Countries gaine is worthy of great prayse:
as those yt were before our time & yy in sundry ways.
Whose actes do so excell, they pierce the loftie skies
that in good artes for cōmon weale, both wit & will applies
For those that were tofore, haue bene aduanst by fame,
by due desert, by doing well, haue merited the same.
As Authors old can tell, who list in them to reade
who were inuēters of the same which dayly now procéede
In rule of publike weale, our Ioue it first began
and plast it here in all estates, for the behoofe of man.
So now thou Seamen eke, that spredst abroad thy sayle
be thankfull for thy Author here, whiche is for thy auayle.
Whose trauaile and whose toyle is thy behoofe and gayne,
if thou dost reape what he did sow, it quiteth wel his paine,
And thankfulnesse is due, to euery liuing wight,
and doth perteyne to euery man, but yet to God by right.
To whō be praise for euermore, which ruleth globe & sphere,
who graūt vs grace to do his will, while we be liuing here.
FINIS.

A. R. To the Author.WHy doest thou Bourne thy selfe hold backe
not doing what thou shouldst?
Me thinkes I heare thée Answere make
that if thou durst thou wouldst.
Whereof art thou afrayde? tell forth
to me thy doubtfull case:
To vtter truth no man there is
that ones will hide his face.
[Page]Perhaps thou fearst the scoffing kin [...]
of Momus dearlings deare,
Perhaps againe thou standst in doubt,
and art now dasht with feare.
To see these shaking quaking réedes
that bend with euery blast,
Looke frowning on this booke, in which
great paine bestowd thou hast.
Why did not then Demosthenes
his workes hide out of sight?
Why did not Tullie stay his pen,
when he began to write?
If taunting tongue of Momus then
had bene so rife as now
Thou thinkst perchance they would haue fear [...]
the same as well as thou.
No sure thou art deceyud: there were
as many lightbraynes then,
As there be now in these our dayes
to carpe at painfull penne.
But Countries profite lo it was
that caused them to write,
And prayse of good men did prouoke
their workes to come to light.
And hast not thou spent all the time
of writing this thy booke
For countries sake, to profite all
that will vouchsafe to looke
Thereon? behold what prayse he reapt
that ship did first inuent:
It cannot be but they which reade
perceiue shall thine intent.
Can any deeme amisse of thee
that vse of ship hast told,
When ships inuentor gayned hath
such prayses manifold?
[Page]Doest thou not know inuention
what of it may be thought,
When vse and sauegarde of the same
there is none knoweth ought?
The Prouerbe sayth, a thing that is
to big to gripe in hand,
Can not be holden lenger than
the siefe can holde the sand.
In booke it cannot be denied
but thou hast taken payne
To set forth playne the vse of sayle
for Countries common gayne.
Although I know how odious
comparisons be still,
Be sure examples take thou mayst
and vse them at thy will.
Sith therefore thou example hast
of famous memorie,
Demonsthenes and Tullie eke
extold vnto the skie,
Wh' excelling farre all other men
in Gréeke and Latine phrase
Were subiect yet to Sicophantes
and vnder Momus blase.
Thou hast besides all this, the truth
by practise truly tride,
Whereby if any kicke at thée
they may be soone espide.
Of good men I dare boldly say
that good will thou shalt haue,
For euill of thée they none will speake,
and prayse thou doest not craue.
Therefore I wishe thee naught to feare
the force that tongues can bende
But still the worke thou hast begonne
to bryng to perfect ende.
FINIS.

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The Kalender.

Ianuary hath .xxxj. dayes.
3	1	A	Newyeres day.
	2	b	Octa. Stepha.
11	3	c	Octa. Iohn.
	4	d	Octa. Inno.
19	5	e	Thelosopho. vi.
8	6	f	Twelfth day.
	7	g	Iulian mart.
16	8	A	Seuerine bish.
5	9	b	Martian Virg.
	10	c	Paule first [...]er.
13	11	d	Sun in Aquari.
2	12	e	Satire Mar.
	13	f	Oct. Epiphani.
10	14	g	Isidore martyr.
	15	A	Maurice.
18	16	b	Anthonie Abbot.
7	17	c	Marcelle bish.
	18	d	Prisce Virg.
15	19	e	Mari. and his fel.
4	20	f	Fabian and Sa.
	21	g	Agnus virg.
12	22	A	Vincent mar.
1	23	b	Emerice.
	24	c	Timothie disci.
9	25	d	Con. of Paule.
	26	e	Policarp. mart.
17	27	f	Chrysost. Doct.
6	28	g	Theodore.
	29	A	Valerie bish.
14	30	b	Tran. S. Mark.
3	31	c	Ciri. and Ian.

February hath .xxviij. dayes, and in the yere of Bissextilis .xxix. dayes.
	1	d	Briget. Fast.
11	2	e	Purific. of Mary.
19	3	f	Blase mart.
8	4	g	Gilbert confes.
	5	A	Agathe virgin.
16	6	b	Dorothe virgin.
5	7	c	Amandus bish.
	8	d	Salomon.
13	9	e	Sun in Pisces.
2	10	f	Sother bishop.
	11	g
10	12	A	Eufrase virgin.
	13	b	Valentine bishop.
18	14	c	Faustine bishop.
7	15	d	Iulian virg.
	16	e	Constance virgin.
15	17	f	Simeon martyr.
4	18	g	Gabine Priest.
	9	A
12	20	b	60. Martyres.
1	21	c	70. Martyres.
	22	d	Peters chayre.
9	23	e	Sirener. Fast.
	24	f	Mathie Apostle.
17	25	g	Policar. bishop.
6	26	A	Victor and his fel.
	27	b	Augustine bishop.
14	28	c	Oswald bishop.

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Marche hath .xxxj. dayes.
3	1	d	Dauid bishop.
	2	e	Basilic mart.
11	3	f	Maxime mart.
	4	g	Lucius mart.
19	5	A	Focius mart.
8	6	b	Vict. and Venin.
	7	c	Tho. de Aquin.
16	8	d	Apoline mart.
5	9	e	40. Martyres.
	[...]0	f	Gregorie bishop.
13	11	g	Sun in Aries.
2	12	A	Zacharie bish.
	13	b	Longine mart.
10	14	c	Patricius bish.
	15	d	Gertrude vir.
18	16	e	Anselme.
7	17	f	Edward king.
	18	g	Ioseph. spon.
15	19	A	Cutbert bishop.
4	20	b	Benedict. Ab.
	21	c	Astrodose bishop.
12	22	d	Pig [...]ent bish.
1	23	e	Theodore.
	24	f	Fast.
9	25	g	Annun of Mary.
	26	A	Castore mart.
17	27	b	Iohn Heremi.
6	28	c	Dorothe mart.
	29	d	Eustace.
14	30	e	Sabine vir.
3	31	f	Balbine vir.

Aprill hath .xxx dayes.
	1	g	Theodore virg.
11	2	A	Mary Egypti.
19	3	b	Richarde bish.
8	4	c	Ambrose bish.
	5	d	Marci and Ma.
16	6	e	Sextus mart.
5	7	f	Euphemi vir.
	8	g	Denise mart.
13	9	A	Perpetuns bish.
2	10	b	Marcus mart.
	11	c	Sun in Taurus.
10	12	d	Appoline mart.
	13	e	Sother martyr.
18	14	f	Tyburt mart.
7	15	g	Osmond bishop.
	16	A	Isidore bishop.
15	17	b	Anicete bishop.
4	18	c	Eluther bishop.
	19	d	Tiburtius con.
12	20	e	Herm [...]genes.
1	21	f	Quintine.
	22	g	Clete bishop.
9	23	A	Gorge mart.
	24	b	Wilfride cen.
17	25	c	Marke Euan.
6	26	d	Anastate bish.
	27	e	Vitalis mart.
14	28	f	Peter of Mi.
3	29	g	Clete bishop.
	30	A	Dep. of Erker.

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May hath .xxxj. dayes.
11	1	b	Philip and Iacob.
	2	c	Athanasius bish.
19	3	d	Inu. of the crosse.
8	4	e	Christopher.
	5	f	S. Augustine.
16	6	g	Iohn port lat.
5	7	A	Iohn of Beuer.
	8	b	Appe. of Mich.
13	9	c	Trans. of Ni.
2	10	d	Gordiane.
	11	e	Sun in Gemini.
10	12	f	Victorius mart.
	13	g	Seruacius conf.
18	14	A	Boniface mart.
7	15	b	Sophia virgin.
	16	c	Brandon bishop.
15	17	d	Trans. of Bar.
4	18	e	Dioscor. mart.
	19	f
12	20	g	Dunstan con.
1	21	A	Barnardine.
	22	b	Helene queene.
9	23	c	Petronill.
	24	d	Iulian virg.
17	25	e	Desiderie mart.
6	26	f	Adelme conf.
	27	g
14	28	A	Germaine bish.
3	29	b	Necomede.
	30	c	Corone martyr.
11	31	d	Felix bishop.

Iune hath xxx. dayes.
19	1	e	Nicodeme.
8	2	f	Erasmus.
	3	g	Basill.
16	4	A	Marcel. martyr.
5	5	b	Petrocius con.
	6	c	Boniface bish.
13	7	d	Medard and Gil.
2	8	e	Trans. Edmond.
	9	f	Yuan conf.
10	10	g	Tran. of Wol.
	11	A	Barnabe Apo.
18	12	b	Sun in Taurus.
7	13	c	Anthonie conf.
	14	d	Basilides conf.
15	15	e	Vate modeste.
4	16	f	Trans. Richar.
	17	g	Botulphe conf.
12	18	A	Exuperie bish.
1	19	b	Geruasius mar.
	20	c	Trans. Edwar.
9	21	d	Walburge virg.
	22	e	Albane mart.
17	23	f	Fast.
6	24	g	Iohn baptist.
	25	A	Trans. of Elig.
14	26	b	Iohn and Pa.
3	27	c	Crescent mart.
	28	d	Fast.
11	29	e	Peter and Paule.
	30	f

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Iuly hath .xxxj. dayes.
19	1	g	Octa. Iohn Bap.
8	2	A	Visit. of Mary.
	3	b	Gregerie bishop.
16	4	c	Domitius mart.
5	5	d	Parthene con.
	6	e	Procope mart.
13	7	f	Zenone mart.
2	8	g	Paternian Bish.
	9	A	Pius bishop.
10	10	b	Dog dayes be.
	11	c	Hex [...]aco. sor.
18	12	d	Anaclete. bishop.
7	13	e	Quirine and Iu.
	14	f	Sun in Le [...].
15	15	g	Marine Vir.
4	16	A	Symph. cum. 7.
	17	b	Arlene herem.
12	18	c	Praxede vir.
1	19	d	Margar. vir.
	20	e	Praxede vir.
9	21	f	Appoline bishop.
	22	g	Mary Magda.
17	23	A	Christian.
6	24	b	Fast.
	25	t	Iames Apostle.
14	26	d	Anne mo. of Ma.
3	27	e	Panthaleon.
	28	f	Sampson bish.
11	29	g	Marie virgin.
	30	A	Abbon and Sen.
19	31	b	German bishop.

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August hath .xxxj dayes.
8	1	c	Lammas.
16	2	d	Steuen bishop.
5	3	e	Finding of Ste.
	4	f	Iustine Priest.
13	5	g	Festum niuis.
2	6	A	Trans. domi.
	7	b	Feast of Iesu.
10	8	c	Cirack. & his fel.
	9	d	Roman mart.
18	10	e	Laurence mart.
7	11	f	Tiburt and Su.
	12	g	Clare virgin.
15	13	A	Ypolite virgin.
4	14	b	Sun in Virgo.
	15	c	Assump. of Mary.
12	16	d	Roche confess.
1	17	e	Octa. Laurence.
	18	f	Agapite mart.
9	19	g	Lewes bishop.
	20	A	Dog dayes ende.
17	21	b	Anastase mart.
6	22	c	Timo. and Hip.
	23	d	Eleazor. Fast.
14	24	e	Barthol. Apostle.
3	25	f	Lewes king.
	26	g	Zepherine bish.
11	27	A	Rusus mar.
19	28	b	Augustine bish.
	29	c	Iohns behead.
8	30	d	Felix and Audact.
	31	e	Cuthbur virg.

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September hath .xxx dayes.
16	1	f	Giles Abbot.
5	2	g	Anthony mart.
	3	A	Eupheme.
13	4	b	Moyses Pro.
2	5	c	Venturine.
	6	d	Zacharie pro.
10	7	e	Enurce bishop.
	8	f	Natiuitie of Ma.
18	9	g	Gorgone mart.
7	10	A	Nicholas de Tol.
	11	b	Protece and Hi.
15	12	c	Sire bishop.
4	13	d	Philip bishop.
	14	e	Sun in Libra.
12	15	f	Ni [...]omede priest.
1	16	g	Edith vir.
	17	A	Lambart bishop.
9	18	b	Victor and Coro.
	19	c	Eustace.
17	20	d	Fast.
6	21	e	Mathew Apostle.
	22	f	Maurice.
14	23	g	Line Mart.
3	24	A	German Abbot.
	25	b	Cleophin and Ap.
11	26	c	Ciprian and Iu.
19	27	d	Cosme and Da.
	28	e	Exupere bishop.
8	29	f	Michaell arch.
	30	g	Hierome doct.

October hath xxxj. dayes.
16	1	A	Remigius bi.
5	2	b	Leodegare mar.
13	3	c	Candide mar.
[...]	4	d	Francis mart.
	5	e	Faith virgin
10	6	f	Gerionis.
	7	g	Marce and Mar.
18	8	A	Apolinaris mar.
7	9	b	Pelagi virgin.
	10	c	Linus conf.
15	11	d	Denice & his fe.
4	12	e	Nichasius bish.
	13	f	Wilfride bish.
12	14	g	Sun in Scorpio.
1	15	A	Calixt bishop.
	16	b	Wolfran. bish.
9	17	c	Micha. of the mo.
	18	d	Luke Euange.
17	19	e	Etheldred virg.
6	20	f	Frideswide vir.
	21	g	Austrebert virg.
14	22	A	xi.M. virgins.
3	23	b	Mary Salome.
	24	c	Romaine bishop.
11	25	d	Maglore bish.
	26	e	Crispi and Cris.
19	27	f	Fast.
8	28	g	Simon and Iude.
	29	A	Narcissus bish.
16	30	[...]	Germaine conf.
5	31	c	Fast.

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Nouember hath .xxx. dayes.
	1	f	All Saincts.
13	2	g	All Soules.
2	3	A	Wenefride virg.
	4	b	Amantius.
10	5	c	Lete priest.
	6	d	Leonard.
18	7	e	Wilbrode.
7	8	f	Fower cround.
	9	g	Theodore.
15	10	A	Maxime.
4	11	b	Martine bishop.
	12	c	Brise bishop.
12	13	d	Sun in Sagit.
1	14	e	Tran. Erkenw.
	15	f	Macute bishop.
9	16	g	Dep. of Edmond.
	17	A	Ini. reg. Eliza.
17	18	b	Octa. Martine.
6	19	e	Elizabeth mart.
	20	d	Edmond king.
14	21	e	Pres. of Mary.
3	22	f	Ciceli virgin.
	23	g	Clement mart.
11	24	A	Grisogon mart.
19	25	b	Katharine virgin.
	26	c	Line mart.
8	27	d	Vitales conf.
	28	e	Rufus mart.
16	29	d	Saturni. Fast.
5	30	e	Andrew Apostle.

December hath xxxj. dayes.
	1	f	Elegi bishop.
13	2	g	Liban mart.
2	3	A	Dep. of Osmo.
	4	b	Barbara virg.
10	5	c	Sabba bishop.
	6	d	Nicholas bish.
18	7	e	Octa. Andrew.
7	8	f	Con. of Mary.
	9	g	Cyprian bish.
15	10	A	Eulalie vir.
4	11	b	Antippe.
	12	c	Damase con.
12	13	d	Sun in Capricor.
1	14	e	Nicasius vir.
	15	f	Otholie vir.
9	16	g	O Sapientia.
	17	A	Lazarus con.
17	18	b	Gracian bish.
6	19	c	Venetia vir.
	20	d	Fast.
14	21	e	Thomas Apost.
3	22	f	xxx. Martyrs.
	23	g	Victor virg.
11	24	A	Fast.
19	25	b	Christmas day.
	26	c	Stephen mart.
8	27	d	Iohn Euang.
	28	e	Innocents day.
16	29	f
5	30	g	Tran. of Iame.
13	31	A	Siluester mart.

[Page]

A Table or Kalender for .30. yere, shevving the Prime, the Sundays letter, and Leape yere, and the mouable Feasts, as the first Sunday in Lent, and Easter day, Assention day, and VVhitsonday.

The Yere of our Lorde.	The prime.	Dominicall letter,	Fist sunday in Lent.	Easter day.	Assention day.	VVhitsonday.
1574.	17	c	28. Febr.	11. April.	20. May.	30. May.
1575	18	b	20. Febr.	3. Aprill.	12. May.	22. May
1576	19	Ag	11. March.	22. April	31. May.	10. Iune
1577	1	f	24. Febr.	7. Aprill	16. May	26. May
1578	2	e	16. Febr.	30. Mar.	8. May	18. May
1579	3	d	8. March.	19. April	28. May	7. Iune
1580	4	c b	20. Febr.	3. Aprill	12. May	22. May
1581	5	A	12 Febr.	26. Mar.	4. May	14. May
1582	6	g	4. March.	15. April	24. May	3. Iune
1583	7	f	17. Febr.	31. Mar.	9. May	19. May
1584	8	e d	8. March.	19. April	28. May	7. Iune
1585	9	c	28. Febr.	11. Aprill	20. May	30. May
1586	10	b	20. Febr.	3. Aprill.	12. May	22. May
1587	11	A	5. March.	16. April	25. May	4. Iune
1588	12	g f	24. Febr.	7. Aprill	16. May	26. May
1589	13	e	16. Febr.	30. Mar.	8. May	18. May
1590	14	d	8. March.	19. April	28. May	7. Iune
1591	15	c	21. Febr.	4. Aprill	13. May	23. May
1592	16	b A	12. Febr.	26. Mar.	4. May	14. May
1593	17	g	4. March.	15. April	24. May	3. Iune
1594	18	f	17. Febr.	31. Mar.	9. May	19. May
1595	19	e	9. Marche	20. April	29. May	8. Iune
1596	1	d c	28. Febr.	11. Aprill	20 May	30. May
1597	2	b	13. Febr.	27. Mar.	4. May	15. May
1598	3	A	5. Marche	16. April	25. May	4. Iune
1599	4	g	25. Febr.	8. Aprill	17. May	27. May
1600	5	f e	9. Febr.	23. Mar.	1. May	11. May
1601	6	d	1. Marche	12. April	21. May	31. May
1602	7	c	21. Febr.	4. Aprill	13. May	23. May
1603	8	b	13. March.	24. April	2. Iune.	12. Iune.

[Page]

FOr that the common people do fall into suche a numbre of errours as touching the length of the day, holding an opiniō that in euery .15. dayes, the day is an houre longer or shorter, the truth is this: the day dothe keepe no suche proportion in the lengthening and shorting, but dothe length and shorte according vnto the swiftnesse and the slownesse of the sunnes declination, for when the Sunne hath swifte declination, then doth the day lengthen and shorten apace: and when that the Declination is slowe, then dothe the day lengthen or shorten but slowly. And yet the most parte of the common people do holde an opinion, that at Christmasse or els at New yeares day at the furthest the day must néedes be an houre longer, & yet the Sunne hath not declined or come towardes the Equinoctiall .2. degrées and a halfe, whiche will not make halfe an houre in the length of the day. Wherefore I do thinke it good to declare thorowe the whole yeare when the day is an houre longer or shorter here in this place for the Latitude or heigth of the pole Articke at London, the Pole beyng raysed .51. degrées and .32. minutes, or .34. minutes: and our longest Somer day is .16. houres and a halfe, and our shortest winter day is .7. houres and a halfe from the rising of the Sunne vnto the setting of the Sunne: and firste this, the shortest winter day is the .11. or .12. day of December, and then the Sunne riseth a quarter of an houre after .8. and setteth a quarter of an houre before .4. of the clocke, and then the Sunne hath his greatest declination vnto the Southwardes. And then the .29. day of December the day is a quarter of an houre longer, then riseth the Sunne at .8. of the clocke and settes at .4. And then the 17. or .18 of Ianuarie the day is an houre longer and not before, for the Sunne muste be declined from hir Solstick of winter .5. degrées and .12. minuts before the day is lengthned an houre, so that I do affirme, that from the .4. or .5. day of Nouember, vnto the .17. or .18. day of Ianuary, in all that time the day is but one houre shorter and longer, which is the time of 10. wéekes. And then the .27. or .28. of Ianuarie the night is [...]5. houres long, then riseth the Sunne half an houre after .7. [Page] and setteth halfe an houre after foure of the clocke. And then the .11. or .12. day of Februarie the day is .10. houres long, then riseth the Sunne at .7. and setteth at .5. of the clocke. And then the .26. day of Februarie the day is .11. houres long, then riseth the Sunne halfe an houre after .6. and setteth halfe an houre after .5. of the clocke. And then the .11▪ day of Marche the sunne is vpon the Equinoctiall and the day iuste .12. houres long all the world ouer. And then the .24. day of Marche the day is .13. houres long, and then riseth the Sunne halfe an houre before 6. and setteth halfe an houre after .6. of the clocke. And then the .7. day of Aprill the day is .14. houres long, and then riseth the Sunne at .5. of the clocke iust, and setteth at .7. of the clocke iuste. And then the .23. day of Aprill the day is .15. houres long, and there riseth the Sunne halfe an houre before .5. and setteth halfe an houre after .7. of the clocke. And then the .15. day of Maye the day is .16. houres long, then riseth the Sunne at .4. of the clocke and setteth at .8. of the clocke iuste. And then the .11. of Iune the Sunne hath hir greatest declination to the Northwarde, and then is our longest Somer dayes, and then it is .16. houres and a halfe from the Sunne rising vnto the Sunne setting, so that the Sunne riseth a quarter of an houre before .4. and setteth a quarter of an houre after eight of the clocke. And then the .10. day of Iulie the day is .16. houres long, then riseth the sunne at .4. and setteth at .8. of the clocke. And then the laste of Iuly the day is .15. houres long. And then the .16. day of August the day is .14. houres long. And then the laste day of August the day is .13. houres long. And then the .13. or .14. of September the sunne is vpon the Equinoctiall, and the day iuste .12. houres long. And then the .27. day of September the day is .11. houres long. And then the 11. of October the day is .10. houres long. And then the .26. day of October the day is .9. houres long. And then the .15. day of Nouember the day is .8. houres long, and so vnto the .11. or 12. of December, and then the day is at the shortest (as before is declared.) Thus much haue I sayde as touching the length of the day by euen houres, whiche some people will haue at [Page] the entrance of the Sunne into the .12. signes, of which in the lengthing and shorting of the day there is no such matter, but onely this looke, when that the Sunne hath declined .5. degrées and .12. minutes in this our Latitude, then is the day an houre longer or shorter, as you shall finde this matter more larglier spoken of in all places thorowe the worlde, in the . [...]1. chapter of the booke.

Faultes escaped in the Printing.

Fol. 2. b. lin. 30. after oblique, leaue out equinoctiall, fol. 8. b. lin. 30. for crossing in, reade crossing the equinoctiall in, fol. 3. a. lin. 3. for .21. read .12. fol. eod. lin. 10. for respectes, read aspects, fol. 3. b. lin. 18. for placing, read passing, fol. 9. a. lin. 11. for Northeast, read Northwest, fol. 12. b. lin. 20. for rarer, read rather fol. 13. a. lin. 22. for Nas, read Naase, fol. 28. b. lin. 2. for pointes, read pointers, fol. 35. b. lin. 11. for vacula, read Bacula, fol. 41. a. lin. 13. for North North, read North Northeast, fol. 42. b. lin. 14. for .250. read .2500. fol. 43. a. lin. 15. for whiche are, reade with vs, fol. 45. a. lin. 20. for noone, read Rome, fol. eod. lin. 24. for a quarter, read .3. quarters, fol. 46. a. lin. 13. for .52. read .53. fol. eod. lin. 15. for .15. read .17. fol. 47. a. lin. penult. for treating, reade, trenting, fol. 48. a. lin. 24. for whole, read holde, fol. eod. b. lin. 3. for middle of the, head middle most, fol. 52. a. lin. 13. for port, read part.

[Page]

¶A Table of the reigne of Kings since the Conquest.

Number of Kings and Queenes.	The names of the Kings of England.	Beginning of their Reigne.	Time of their death.	The place of their buriall.
1	William Conqueror.	14. Oct.	9. Sept. 1087	Cane in Norm.
2	William Rufus.	9. Sept.	1. August, 1100	Westminster.
3	Henry the first.	1. Aug.	2. Decēb. 1136	Reding.
4	Stephan.	2. Dece.	25. Octob. 1154	Feuers [...]am.
5	Henry the second.	25 Octo.	6. Iuly. 1189	Fonteuerard.
6	Richard the first.	6. Iulie.	6. Aprill. 1199	Fonteuerard.
7	Iohn.	6. Aprill	19. Octob. 1216	Worcester.
8	Henry the third.	19. Octo	16. Nou. 1272	Westminster.
9	Edward the first.	16. Nou.	6. Iuly. 1307	Westminster.
10	Edward the second.	6. Iuly.	25. Ianu. 1327	Glocester.
11	Edward the third.	25. Ian.	21. Iune. 1377	Westminster.
12	Richard the second.	21 Iune.	16. Sep. 1400	Westminster.
13	Henry the fourth.	16. Sep.	20. Mar. 1413	Canterbury.
14	Henry the fifth.	20. Mar.	31. Augu. 1422	Westminster.
15	Henry the sixt.	31. Aug.	4. Mar. 1461	Windesor.
16	Edward the fourth.	4. Mar.	9. Aprill. 1483	Windesor.
17	Edward the fifth.	9. Aprill	22. Iune. 1484	Westminster.
18	Richard the third.	22. Iune	22. Aug. 1486	Lecester.
19	Henry the seuenth.	22 Aug.	22. April. 1509	Westminster.
20	Henry the eyght.	22. April	28. Ianu. 1547	Windesor.
21	Edward the fi [...]t.	28. Ian.	6. Iuly. 1553.	Westminster.
22	Quéene Mary.	6. Iuly	17. Nou. 1559	Westminster.
23	Quéene Elizabeth.	17. Nou.

[Page]

¶A profitable and necessarie rule to knovv the beginning and ending of euery Terme, with their returnes.

Hillarie Tearme, beginneth the .xxiij. of Ianuarie, if it be not Sunday, whiche then is referred vntill the next day after, and endeth the .xij. of February, and hath foure returnes, that is to saye:

Octauis Hillarij.
Quind. Hillarij.
Crastino Purific.
Octauis Purific.

Easter Tearme, beginneth .xvij. dayes after Easter, and endeth the Monday nexte after the Assention day, and hath fiue returnes, that is to say:

Quind. Pasch.
Tres Paschae.
Mense. Paschae.
Quinque Paschae.
Crast. Ascention.

Trinitie Tearme, beginneth the friday next after Trinity sunday, and endeth the wednesday fortnight after, and hath foure returnes, that is to say:

Crast. Trinitati.
Octauis Trinita.
Quind. Trinitat.
Tres Trinitat.

Michaelmas Tearme, beginneth the .9. day of October, if it be not Sunday, and endeth the .xxviij. or .xxix. of Nouember, and hath eyght returnes, that is to say:

Octauis Micha.
Quind. Michae.
Tres Michaelis.
Mense Michael.
Crast. Anima.
Crast. Martini.
Octa. Martini.
Quind. Martini.

Note also that the Eschequer openeth eyght dayes before any Tearme begin, except Trinitie Tearme which openeth but foure dayes before.

Thirtie dayes hath September: Apryll, Iune, and Nouember.

Februarie hath .xxviij. alone: and all the rest thirtie and one.

Except the leape yeare, wherin Februarie hath .xxix.

[Page 1]

¶An Introduction vnto the Regiment for the Sea.

The names of certaine things necessarie to be known of them that are Mariners or Seafaring men, meete to bee knowne of them that doe practise Nauigation, as this: the names of the circles of the Sphere, and what they are, and their vses: and also the names of other things belonging therevnto, and what they are, and their vses.

First vvhat the Horizon circle is.

THe Horizon is the parting of the earthe or the Sea and the skye, that is to say, the halfe of the heauens being aboue ouer your heade, and the other halfe hidden with the earth or Sea vnder them: and this Horizon circle dothe moue as you doe moue: for as you doe by trauell chaunge your place, so doth the Horizon chaunge in all points.

The vse of the Horizon circle.

THe vse of the Horizon circle is this, to take the heigth of the Sunne or any starre, with the crosse staffe, setting the one ende with the Horizon, and the other ende with the Sunne or starre, so that you haue a true Horizon: and that must be doone vpon the Sea, or else it must be a very playne grounde vpon the toppe of a hill, else it is no true Horizon. And also if the Sunne or Moone, or any starre be to be séene, thē they be aboue the Horizon: if they be not to be séene, then they be vnder the Horizon.

2. VVhat the Meridian circle is.

THe Meridian is a circle beginning due South, and so passing by youre Zenith that is right ouer the crowne [Page] of your head, and so by the two Poles of the worlde: and if you doe trauell due South and North, you doe not chaunge youre Meridian: but in the going or trauelling any other way, you do chaunge it.

The vse of the Meridian circle.

THe vse of the Meridian circle is, to knowe the iust tyme of noone by the Sunne: for as soone as the middle of the Sunne is vpon the Meridian, then it is noone, and when the Sunne, Moone, or any Star is vpon the Meridian, then they be farthest from the Horizon, and it is a meete time to take their heigth for to know the altitude or heigth of the Pole of the worlde, whereby you may perfitly knowe howe farre you bee too the Southwardes or Northwardes of any place.

3. VVhat the Equinoctiall circle is, being a Paralell line or circle fixed.

THe Equinoctiall is a fixed circle in the Heauens equally distant from both the Poles, and doth passe directly ouer the middle of the earth rounde about, and is called the Equinoctiall, for that if the Sunne be there, then thorowe all the whole world the Sunne is twelue houres aboue the Horizon, and twelue houres vnder the Horizon sauing vnder the two Poles, and there the Equinoctiall is with the Horizon. So they shal see half the Sunne and no more, till the Sunne be departed from the Equinoctiall. And also to them that do inhabite or dwell in any place vnder the Equinoctiall, the Sunne, Moone, and all the Starres be twelue hours aboue the Horizon, and twelue houres vnder the Horizon.

The vse of the Equinoctiall circle.

THe vse of the Equinoctiall, is to knowe what declination the Sunne or any other Starre hath from it, and of whiche side, and by that is known the heigth of the Equinoctial, [Page 2] and by the heigth of that is known the heigth of either of the two Poles of the world.

4 VVhat the circle or Tropicke of Cancer is, being a Paralell circle fixed.

THe Tropicke of Cancer is the greatest declination that the Sunne doth come vnto the Northwards, and then is our longest Sommer dayes, and shortest nights.

5. VVhat the circle or Tropick of Capricorne is, being a Paralell circle fixed.

THe Tropicke of Capricorne, is the greatest declination that the sunne doth go vnto the Southwards, and then is our shortest Winter dayes, and longest nights.

The vses of these two circles be but smal, but that the days béeing at the longest or shortest, the Sunne dothe returne backe againe. &c.

6. VVhat the Articke circle is, beeing a Paralell circle.

THe Articke circle doth touch the Horizon due North, and is according to the place that you are in, of any place vpon the face of the earth, and doth wyden and narrow according vnto the altitude or heigth of the Pole: for as you doe goe vnto the South partes, then dothe your Articke circle growe narower and narower, vntill you come right vnder the Equinoctiall line, and then haue you no Articke circle: and if that you do goe vnto the North partes, then doth your Articke circle growe wider and wider: and where the North Pole is raysed .66. degrées and a half, there the Artick circle is iust with the Tropick of Cancer, and then vnder the north Pole, there your Artick circle is with the Equinoctial.

The vse of the Articke circle.

THe vse of the Articke circle, is to knowe what Starres doe neuer set vntoo you, for all those Starres or lyghtes that you doe sée vnder the Pole, doe not set: and if that you bee vnto the North wardes, of the height of the Pole, more [Page] than .66. degrées and a halfe: if that the Sunne or Moone be in the Tropick of Cancer, they shall not goe downe vnto you vnder the Horizon, but shall bée still in sighte vnto you, so that they be not let by the cloudes and other accidentes.

7. VVhat the Antarticke circle is, beeing a Paralell circle.

THe Antarticke circle doth touch the Horizon due South, and is opposite or right agaynste the Articke circle, and dothe wyde and narrowe in all poyntes, and dothe not differ from the Articke circle, sauing the Articke circle is aboue the Horizon, and the Antartike circle is vnderneath the Horizon.

The vse of the Antarticke circle.

THe vse of the Antarticke circle is as the Articke is in all poyntes, to knowe what starres will not appeare aboue your Horizon, and in like manner, to the Northwardes of 66. degrées and a halfe, (the Sunne or Moone being in the Tropicke of Capricorne) then they wyll not ryse aboue the Horizon.

8. VVhat the Zodiacke is, beeing a circle.

THe Zodiacke is the greatest circle in all the Heauens, wherein all the wandering lightes or Planets doe kéepe theyr courses, that is to say, the Sunne and Moone, and the other fiue Planets or Starres, that is to say, Saturne, Iupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury. &c. whiche circle is deuided into twelue equall partes, called the twelue singes, as Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagitarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces, the which circle standeth oblique equinoctiall or awrye, crossing in the middle at two places: the Northermost parte is the middle of the Zodiacke, and that is the Tropicke of Cancer: and the Southermost [Page 3] parte is the tropicke of Capricorne, the very midle of the zodiack: and that line in the midle of the zodiack, is called the ecliptick lyne, and the zodiack is .21. degrees broade, that is to say, sixe degrées from the eclipticke line vnto the north parts, and sixe degrées vnto the South parts.

The vse of the Zodiack.

THe vse of the Zodiack is, through the mouing of the Sunne and Moone & the other planets, to know in what signe they be, and also to know the time of the chaunge of the Moone, with all the other respectes: and in like manner to know the aspects of all the other planets vnto the Moone, and also the planets amongst themselues: and by the aspectes in the .12. signes is gathered their effects, and in what countrey it may happen.

9. VVhat the line Ecliptick is.

THe line ecliptick, is a circle in the very middle of the Zodiack, the whiche the very midle or center of the Sunne doth go vpon.

The vse of the line Ecliptick.

THe vse of the line Ecliptick is this, if that the Moone or any other starre be vnto the North part therof, then it is sayd that they haue North latitude, and if vnto the Southe part, then they haue south latitude: and also by this circle called the line ecliptick, is knowne the eclipse of the Sunne and the Moone.

10. VVhat the artick polare circle is, being a paralell circle fixed.

THe artick polare circle is made by the pole of the Zodiack, or pole of the circle ecliptick .23. degrées and a halfe in the heauens from the poles of the world aboue the horizon.

[Page]

11. VVhat the antartick Polare circle is, being a Paralell circle fixed.

THe antartick Polare circle is iust opposite vnto y^e artick polare, made by the antartick pole vnderneath our horizon. The vse of them I will declare, when I speake of the poles of the Ecliptick or Zodiack.

12. VVhat the two circles called Colures be. &c.

THe .2. circles called Colures, be those that do deuide the Zodiack, and all the other paralell circles into .4. equall parts, the one of the circles doth crosse the Zodiack in the first point of Aries and Libra, and so passeth by the .2. poles of the world, and is called the equinoctiall colure: and the other colure circle doth crosse the Zodiacke in the firste pointe of Cancer and Capricorne, and so passeth the .2. poles of the world, and there at the .2. poles the one circle doth crosse the other: and that is called the Solstitiall colure.

The vse of these two circles.

THe vse of the .2. colure circles is this, the Sunne placing by them doth deuide the yeare into .4. partes: as this, the Sunne in the first point of Aries, is Spring time. &c.

13. VVhat the .2. Poles of the world is, imagined to be as an axiltree.

THe .2. poles of the world, imagined to be as an axiltrée, (that is to say, the North pole called the pole artick, and the South pole called the pole antartick) the one is directly against the other: the North pole alwayes aboue our horizon, and the South pole antartick always vnder our horizon, being fixed fast in the heauens, and the equinoctiall iust and equally betwéene them: and the cause why that it is imagined too bee an axiltree is thys, for that the whole heauens and all the lyghtes of the Firmamente be caried rounde aboute from the East vnto the West in .24. houres: [Page 4] so that no light nor place remayneth vnremoued, but onely the .2. poles of the world.

The vse of the Poles of the world.

THe vse of the .2. Poles, is this, to knowe how farre we do transporte our selues, and to know what climate, and temperatnesse we be in as touching heate and colde.

14. VVhat the .2. Poles of the Zodiack is, imagined to be an axiltree in the heauens.

THe .2. Poles of the Zodiack, or Ecliptick, imagined to bée as an axiltrée, (the artick pole of the Zodiack, or rather the Ecliptick, and the Antartick pole of the Zodiack) the one being directly againste the other, and the Zodiack or rather the middle thereof, called the ecliptick, to be iust or equall betwéene them, are called the Poles of the Zodiacke: for that the Sunne and the Moone, and the other planets and fixed starres do moue vnto the eastward, according to the standing of the Zodiack. &c.

The vse of the Poles of the Zodiack.

TThe vse of the two Poles of the Zodiack is this, (as it is before declared) that the Zodiack is deuided intoo 12. equall partes, called the .12. signes, and those diuisions by imagination do passe vnto the poles of the Zodiack, in suche forme as the meridian lynes do all meete at the poles of the world, and so do all those diuisions méete at the two poles of the Zodiack, and then any starre, that is out of the Zodiack, eyther vnto the southwards, or northwardes, (according vnto those diuisions) they be called in the signes.

15. VVhat the Zenith or verticall point is, imagined to be as an axiltree.

[Page]THe Zenith or vertical point, is imagined to be a pricke in the heauens right ouer the crowne of your head, and is moueable as we our selues be, and is as an axiltrée vnto the horizon circle: and as you do transport your selfe from one place vnto another, so doth your Zenith or verticall poynte, and your horizon circle also.

The vse of the Zenith or verticall poynt. &c.

THe vse of the Zenith or verticall point is this, to knowe howe néere or farre off any starre is from your zenith, by taking the true heigth of any starre with an instrumente, for that from your zenith is always .90. degrées down vnto the horizon on euery side round about you, as it shall more plainely appeare hereafter where I speake of degrées.

16. VVhat a Degree is.

A Degrée is the part or diuision of a whole circle, into .360. equall parts, how bigge or smal soeuer the circle be.

The vse of the Degrees is manyfold.

THe vse of the degrées is to knowe by the Sunne and Moones course in the zodiack, or any other of the planets or mouable starres, how many degrees they be asunder: whereby is knowne at what time they haue any aspecte the one with the other. And also by the degrees it is knowne, what latitude and what declination any light or starre hath from the ecliptick or equinoctial: and also the degrées wil shewe vnto you, howe many myles that you do transporte your selfe vpon the earth to the South or North partes, for that euery degree doth aunswer vnto .60. english miles, in the going South and North: which is knowne by the altitude of the North pole or the numbre of degrees betwene the equinoctiall and your zenith or verticall point, for from your zenith vnto the horizon, is .90. degrees to the southwards, and 90. degrees vnto the Northwards, whiche is halfe the compasse [Page 5] of the heauens for twice .90. is .180. and then the earthe doth hide the other halfe of the heauens: and twice .180. maketh .360. the whole contents of the compasse of euery greate circle in the heauens.

17. VVhat a Minute is.

OF Minuts there be two sortes, minuts of time, and minuts of measure, and is no other thing but the lesser parte of tyme or measure, whiche is the .60. parte of a degree, or the .60. parte of an houre: and all the diuisions in these matters, is by .60. For as .60. Minuts is a degrée or an hour, so .60. seconds is a Minute, and .60. thirds is a seconde, and .60. fourths is a third. &c.

18. Altitude is heigthe: the vse thereof.

ALtitude is the heigthe of any thing taken, as the heigthe of the Sunne, or any Starre, or the heigth of the Pole, aboue the horizon: or the heigth of a steeple, or a tower, or such other lyke.

19. Latitude is widenesse: the vse thereof.

LAtitude is in the heauens: if the Moone, or any other Starre be vnto the South parts or the North partes of the ecliptick, that then it is sayde, to be so manye degrees in latitude or widenesse, from y^e line ecliptick to the South or North part: and also latitude is counted vpon the earthe in like maner, if that you be in any place betwéene, from vnder the equinoctiall, either to the South or North part, betwéene any of the .2. Poles, that you are so many degrées in latitude from the equinoctiall. &c.

20. Longitude is length: the vse thereof.

LOngitude in the heauens is, if the Sunne or Moone or any other Starre, be in suche a signe, & so many degrées: that then it is said: that they haue longitude, in such a signe and so [Page] many degrées. And also longitude vpon the earth, is counted from the Canarie Ilands vnto the Eastward, as this, if that any towne or cittie be vnto the Eastwards so many degrées from the Canarie Ilands, then it is sayde, that the cittie or towne is so many degrées in Longitude, whereby is knowne the time of the chaunges of the Moone, or any other aspecte, or anye Eclipse of the Sunne or Moone, at the cittie or towne.

21. Declination is leaning: the vse thereof.

DEclination is counted in the heauens, if that the Sunne or any other Starre be vnto the North part, or South part of the equinoctiall, then it is saide, that the Sunne or Starre hath so many degrees of declination to the South, or to the North parts, as it happeneth. &c.

22. Circumference is the compasse of a circle by the outer edge.

DIameter is the bredth of a circle, passing right ouer the center or midle thereof, from outside vnto outside.

23. Center is the middle pricke in any circle, equally distant from the edge of the circle in euery place.

AParelell line or circle is, if two lines or more (how many soeuer there be) be equally distaunt in euery place alike, being right lines.

24. Auge what it is.

AVge is a point in the heauens, whē the Sunne or Moone is excentrick, going neerer vnto the heauens, and further from the earth than hir common order is: and the opposition thereof is, when that the Sunne and Moone do come nearer vnto the earth than they do at any other time.

The vse thereof.

[Page 6]THe vse thereof is, to knowe when that they be in theyr swift motion, or in their slow motiō: in the point of Auge, they be in their slow motiō, in the opposition thereof in their swift motion.

25. VVhat the head or tayle of the Dragon is.

THe head of the Dragon, is the place where that the Moone dothe come ouer the line Ecliptick, from the South part, vnto the North part: and the tayle of the Dragon is, where the Moone passeth ouer the line ecliptick, from the Northe part, vnto the South part.

The vse of the head and tayle of the Dragon.

TThe vse of the head and tayle of the Dragon, is to know, when that there is any eclipse of the Sunne or Mone: and of what quantitie or greatnesse the eclipse is.

26. VVhat Nauigation is.

NAuigation is this, how to direct his course in the Sea to any place assigned, and to consider in that direction what things may stande with him, & what things may stand against him, hauing consideration how to preserue the ship in all stormes and chaunges of weather that may happen by the way, to bring the ship safe vnto the port assigned, and in the shortest time.

The vse of Nauigation.

THe vse thereof is this, fyrste too knowe howe that the place dothe beare from him, by what winde or poynte of the compasse, and also how farre that the place is from hym, and also to consider the streame, or tide gates, Currents, which way that they do set or driue the ship, and also to consider what daungers is by the waye, as rockes and sandes, and suche other lyke impedimentes, and also if that the wynde chaunge or shifte by the waye, to [Page] consider which way to stand, and direct his course vnto the most aduantage to attayne vnto the port in shortest time: and also if anye stormes doe happen by the way, to consider how for to preserue the shippe and the goodes, and too bring hir safe vnto the porte assygned. And also it is moste principally to be considered and foreséene, that if they haue hadde by occasion of a contrarye tempest, for too goe very muche out of the course or way, too knowe then howe that the place dothe then beare, that is to say, by what poynte of the compasse the place dothe stande from you: and also how farre it may be from you. Whyche way to bée knowne is this: firste to consider by what poynte that the shippe hath made hir way by, and how fast and swiftly that the shippe hathe gone, and to consider how often that the shippe hathe altered hir course, and how muche that she hathe gone at euery tyme, and then to consider all thys in youre platte or carde, and so you may gyue an néere gesse, by what poynte or wynde it beareth from you, and also howe farre it is thither. And also you may haue a greate helpe by the Sunne or Starres, to take the heigthe of the Pole aboue the horizon, and also in some place you may gesse by the sounding, bothe by the depth, and also by the grounde. And also it is verye meete and necessarye to knowe any place, when that hée dothe sée it.

27. Of instrumentes to vse at the Sea for to take he heigthe of the Sunne or any Starres.

ALl instrumentes too take the heighte of the Sunne or anye Starre, the originall of the making thereof, it is eyther a circle or the parte of a circle, whose diuision is the .360. parte of a circle, what forme soeuer that it hathe, as your crosse staffe, it is marked according vnto the proportion of a circle, and euery one of the [Page 7] degrées, is the equall parte of a circle, the thrée hundred and sixtie part. &c.

The vse of the Instruments.

THe vse of the Instrumentes, as Astrolobes or common Kings, or the crosse staffe, is to take the heigth of the sūne or other stars, whose vses doe folow héere after in the boke.

28. VVhat maner of persons be meetest to take charge of Shippes in Nauigation.

AS touching those persons that are méete to take charge, that is to say, to be as maister of ships in Nauigation, he ought to be sober and wise, and not to be light or rash headed, nor to be to fumish or hasty, but such a one as can wel gouern himselfe, for else it is not possible for him to gouerne his cō pany well: he ought not to be to simple, but he must be suche a one as must kéepe his companie in awe of him (by discretion,) doing his companie no iniurie or wrong, but to let thē haue that whiche men ought to haue, and then to sée vnto them that they doe their laboure as men ought to doe in all points. And the principall point in gouernment is, to cause himself both to be feared & loued, & that groweth principally by this meanes, to cherishe men in well doing, and those men that be honestly addicted, to let them haue reasonable preheminence, so that it be not hurtfull vnto the Marchaunt nor to himselfe, and to punishe those that be malefactors and disturbers of their company, and for smal faults, to giue them gentle admonition to amende them: and principally these two pointes are to be foreseene by the maisters, (that is) to serue God himselfe, and to see that all the whole companie do so in like maner, at suche conuenient time as it is meete to be done: the second point is, that the master vse no play at the dise or cards, neither (as near as he cā) to suffer any, for y^e sufferance therof may do very much hurt in diuers respects: And furthermore, the maister ought to be suche a one, as [Page] dothe knowe the Moones course, whereby he doth knowe at what time it is a full Sea, or a lowe water, knowing in what quarter or part of the skye, that the Moone doth make a full Sea at that place, and also the master ought to bée acquainted, or knowe that place well, that he doth take charge to goe vnto (except that he haue a Pilot) and also he that taketh charge vpon him, ought to be expert, how the tydegates or currentes doe set from place vnto place: and also not to bée ignorant of such daungers as lyeth by the way, as rocks, sandes, or bankes, and also most principally he ought to bée suche a one, as can very well directe his courses vnto any place assigned, and to haue capacitie howe for to handle or shift himselfe in foule weather or stormes. And also it behoueth him too be a good coaster, that is to say, to knowe euery place by the sight thereof. And also he that taketh charge for long voyages, ought to haue knowledge in plats or cardes, and also in such instruments as be meet to take the heigth of the Sunne or any Starre, and to haue capacitie to correcte those instrumentes, and also he ought to be suche a one, that can calculate the Sunnes declination, or else to haue some true regiment, and also he ought to knowe howe to handle the Sunnes declination, when that he hath taken the heigth of the Sunne.

[Page 8]

¶Nowe beginneth the Regiment for the Sea, the first Chapter or rule of Nauigation, and sheweth what the .32. pointes of the Compasse is, and to what vses they do serue.

THe first & most principall thing for any seafaring mā or traueller, is to know toward what part of the Earth he meaneth to go, & then being vpō the sea, ther he seeth no path nor mark to trauell by, but only the vse of the Needle or compasse. And to shewe the cause how they in olde time did finde them or called them, is sufficiently declared by other, but this is to be noted:8. Capitall or head pointes. There be eight capitall or head windes or poyntes, and foure of them haue their names properly of themselues, and the other foure of them, are deriued, or take their names of the other foure, as this, South commeth directly from the Meridian, and North is directly againste it, and East commeth from the Equinoctiall poynte, towardes the partes of the Sunne rysing, and Weast is right against it, Northeast is in the midway betwéene the Easte and the North, and Southeast in the midway betweent the East and the South, and Southwest betwéene the Weast and the South, and Northweast in the middle betweene the North and the Weast.8. Inferior pointes or winds. And then there be eight inferior points, or winds, halfe way betweene euery one of those .8. capitall or head poynts or wynds, and that is Northe Northeast, East Northeast, East Southeast, and Southe Southeaste, and South Southweast, and Weaste Southweaste, and Weaste Northweaste, and Northe Northweaste: and nowe betweene euerie one of these inferioure poyntes, and euerye one of the heade wyndes [Page] there is a by poynt or winde, and he is called a by point, for that he is not named but by the name of one of the head [...] points next adioyning.16. by pointes or windes. There be .16. of them in nūber, so that there be .8. capitall or head points, and .8. inferior points, and 16. by pointes or windes, so that in all there be .32. of them. The vse of these points is, to direct the shippe to what quarter of the world you do assigne, to keepe that course to find the place so assygned, for that the propertie of the Needle or Flye, is alwayes to stand due South and North.

[figure]

As touching Nauigation, for the instructions of the meanest I haue set this figure or compasse, where first is to be noted the .32. winds and poynts of the compasse aboue made. The flouredeluce is the first pointe, and these be the names, beginning at the North, and so with the course of the Sunne [Page 9] to say North .1. North and by East .2. North noreast .3.Thenames of the .32. pointes of the cōpa [...]se. North east and by North .4. Northeast .5. Northeast and by East .6. East Northeast .7. East and by North .8. East .9. East and by South .10, Easte Southeast .11. Southeast and by East .12. Southeast .13. Southeast and by South .14. South southeast. 15. South and by East .16. South .17. South and by Weast .18 South Southwest .19. Southweast and by South .20. South weast .21. Southwest and by Weast .22. Weast Southwest. 23. Weast and by South .24. West .25. Weast and by North. 26. Weast Northweast .27. Northweast and by Weast .28. Northweast .29. Northeast and by North .30. North Northweast .31. North and by Weast .32. This is the whole contents of the .32. windes,The contents of the Equinoctiall circle 360. degres one point of the cōpasse contayneth 11. degrees and a quarter. and there is in the compasse the contents of the great circle, or Equinoctiall circle being .360 degrées in compasse, so that euery point containeth .11. degrees, and ¼ and .4. points containe .45. degrées .8. points containeth one quarter of the compasse or Equinoctiall circle, being .90. degrées .16. points containeth halfe the circumference .180. degrees, and euery degree containeth .60. secondes and so forth. Furthermore, the .32. pointes containe .24. houres, that is to say, one point containeth .3. quarters of an hour .45. minutes: and .2. pointes one houre and a halfe .4. pointes .3. houres:The .32. pointes brought into .24. houres. 8. poyntes .6. houres .12. poyntes .9. houres .16. poyntes .12. houres, and so to the rest of the poyntes. And euery houre contayneth .60. minutes: and euery halfe houre .30. minutes, and euery quarter of an houre .15. minutes: and after that rate .45. minutes maketh thrée quarters of an houre.

[Page]

¶The second Chapter or rule treateth of the Golden number or Prime, shewing the Epacte, and by the Epacte to knowe the Age of the Moone.

IT is necessary and conuenient for the Seafaring men, to knowe the Prime or Golden number: for by the Golden number is knowne the Epacte, and the Epacte sheweth the age of the Moone or chaunge day, within .12. houres vnder or ouer: and by the age of the Moone, you may know at what a clocke it doth flowe in any place that you doe knowe what Moone doth make a full Sea: therefore it is méete too know the Epacte, and that is knowne by the Pryme, or Golden number.The cause why that it was called the Pryme or Golden number. The cause why it was called the Golden number, was bycause it was sent out of Egypte in letters of golde, too the Romaines or Citie of Rome. The cause why that it is called the Pryme, was for that it was the first order that the Moones course was known by, and it is thus knowne. Adde one to the yeare of our Lord that you would knowe the Golden number or Pryme of, then deuide the number by .19. the remainer is the Pryme:To knowe howe many the Epact is. and multiply that by .11. and looke what the number commeth vnto, deuide that by .30. the remayner is the Epact. Then when you haue once the Epact, adde .11. to your Epact for euery yere more, and looke what that commeth to, that is your Epact: and if it do passe .30. put that away, and keepe the remainer for your Epact. And thus this rule will serue for euer, sauing when the Pryme beginneth at one, for then the Epacte is .11. and then doe (as aforesayde) as you may perceyue by this table héere following.

[Page 10]¶The Table of Pryme and Epacte for .19. yeares, and vvhen those .19. yeares be ended, then beginne againe, and so it will serue for euer. &c.

The yere of the Lorde.	Pryme.	Epact.
1574	17	7
1575	18	18
1576	19	29
1577	1	11
1578	2	22
1579	3	3
1580	4	14
1581	5	25
1582	6	6
1583	7	17
1584	8	28
1585	9	9
1586	10	20
1587	11	1
1588	12	12
1589	13	23
1590	14	4
1591	15	15
1592	16	26

THe Prime or Golden number, is the time of .19. yeares, in the which time the Moone maketh all hir chaunges or coniunctions with the Sunne, and when all these .19. yeares be expired, then she beginneth againe: as for example.The pryme is the time of .19. yeres This yeare being the yeare of our Lord .1574. she chaunged the .22. day of March, and euery yere doth alter .11. days of hir change till the yere .1593. and then she chaungeth the sayd .22. daye of March againe, as I shewed you before. The Epacte is the putting to .11. for euery yeare. Nowe furthermore to knowe the age of the Moone, do thus: take the number of the Epact for your yere (beginning at March alwayes) and recken how many monthes it is from March, (counting March for one) [Page] then recken howe many dayes of the moneth it is in whiche you would knowe the age of the Moone:To knowe the age of the Moone by the number of the Epact. Then put all your numbers togither, (that is to say, your Epacte, your moneth from March, and euery day of the moneth,) then looke howe many it amounteth vnto, that is the age of the Moone, but if it passe .30. throwe all the .30. away, and kéepe that that will not be .30. for when the age of the Moone is iust .30. then is it the chaunge daye: and if it be the fiftéenth daye of the age of the Moone, then the Moone is at the full. When the age is betwéene seuen dayes and eight, then is the first quarter. And if it be .xxij. dayes olde, then the Moone is at the laste quarter: as for example, this yeare .1574. I looke and finde the Epacte .7. for the yeare, nowe I woulde knowe the age of the Moone, the .13. daye of Iune. Nowe I recken how many monthes it is from March, reckning March for one, and I finde it is foure monethes, then I take and adde all these togyther, that is to say, seuen for the Epacte, and foure for the monethes (that is to say, March, Aprill, May, Iune) and then .13. for the dayes of the moneth, and all commeth to .24. So that you may conclude that the Moone is .24. days olde, and was at the last quarter two dayes before.

¶The thirde Chapter or rule treateth, hovv to knovv by the age of the Moone what houre it dothe flowe, or is full Sea at any place, where you doe knowe what Moone maketh a full Sea.

NOwe by the age of the Moone you may knowe at what houre it floweth in any place, where you do know what Moone maketh a full Sea, whiche rule commonly the Sea men cal the shifting their Sunne and Moone: and many wayes there be too doe it, for thus they may doe it: Let them [Page 11] deuide one houre into .5. parts, and thē take .4. of those parts, and put the fifth part away,To knowe the alteration of the [...]ides in .24 houres. that serueth for the alteration of 24. houres, & the foure fift parts of an houre, are .48. minuts, and the .5. part of an houre is .12. minuts. A floud and an ebbe, dothe alter .24. minuts forwards: as this for example: it floweth at .12. of the clocke at the Lands end vpon the chaunge day, the Moone being in the South: at all times a full Sea▪ The Moone being one day old, it floweth at .12. of the clocke. 48. minuts .2. dayes olde it floweth at one of the clock .36. minuts .3. days old it floweth at .2. of the clock .24. minuts: four dayes old it floweth at .3. of the clocke .12. minuts: fiue dayes old, it floweth at .4. of the clocke iust: Sixe dayes old, it floweth at .4. of the clocke .48. minuts: Seuen dayes old at .5. of the clocke .36. minuts:An ensample for the full Sea vppon the [...]nds end▪ for euery day of the age of the Moone. Eight dayes old at .6. of the clocke .24▪ minuts: Nine dayes old, at .7. of the clocke .12. minuts: Ten dayes old, it floweth at .8. of the clocke iust: Eleuen dayes old at .8. of the clocke .48. minuts: 12. dayes .9 of the clocke .36. minuts: 13. dayes old .10. of the clocke .24. minuts: 14. days old, it floweth at .11. of the clocke .12. minuts: 15. dayes old, it floweth at .12. of the clock iust, then being the full Moone: and so begin againe as you did before at one day old, and so foorth. For the course of the tides is nothing else but to adde for euery day [...] of the age of the Moone one houre, pulling backe the fifth par [...] of an houre (being .12. minuts) and by this accompt you maye at all times knowe at what a clocke it doth flowe, by putting to euery floudde and ebbe .24. minuts, and to .2. flouds and .2. ebbes putting to .48. minuts.To shift the Sunne and Moone by the points of the compasse. Now furthermore the Seamen vse to make their accompt by this meanes (but it is all one) they do allow for euery day of the age of the Moone, one point and .3 minuts: for a point of the compasse conteineth. 45. minuts that is .3. quarters of an houre. Then they put .3. minuts to .45. minuts, which maketh .48. minuts, the sayd .3. minuts be the .15. part of a point, and from the chaunge to the full is .15. days, so that (the halfe compasse being .16. pointes) they breake the odde point into .15. partes, and that commeth [Page] to .3. minuts, so that the alteration of the tides, for euery .24. houres, be .48. minuts, or y^e .4. fifth parts of an houre. Wherfore there shall follow a table of tides about certain places of this realme: for euery Moone conteineth .29. dayes .12. hours .44. minutes from chaunge to chaunge:The contente of the numbre of dayes and houres in one moone: y^e houres in euery mone be .708.44 minuts. The contente of a year is .365 dayes .5. hours .55. Minuts. How the mooneths tooke their names. the whole contents of the houres of the Moone, be .708. houres, and .44. minuts. And there is in euery yeare .12. changes of the Moone: and the yeare conteineth .365. days .5. houres .55. minuts .13. seconds. Yet some do affirme to be adde .6. houres, but there lacketh .4. minuts .47. seconds in the tropicall yeare. Likewise in the yeare be .12. moneths agreable to the .12. Moones: the 12. Moones conteine but .354. dayes, so that there be .11. dais more in the yeare, than there be in the .12. moones. The yeare also is deuided into .12. moneths, which mooneths haue taken their names at the will and pleasure of menne: as first Ianuary, was so called, of Ianus bycause of .2. heades, for the month of Ianuary beholdeth the end of the yeare past and the beginning of the yeare to come. February tooke his name of certaine romaine sacrifices called Februa. March is so called of Mars, for Romulus so named it after his father. Aprill cōmes of Aperio, bycause that then the earth is opened. Maye of Maia, the mother of Mercury, Iune so called by preparing to the warre. Iuly of Iulius Cesar, and Augustus of Augustus Cesar for in that month he entred the cōsulship: then the rest of the months toke their names of their numbre frō March. Now these .12. months which maketh the yeare, the Sunne dothe passe or go through the Zodiack called the .12. signes, which is the occasion of the yeare, for this is to be noted, that the sunne as I saide before, doth go by his naturall mouing in .365. days .5. houres .55. minuts .13. seconds,The Zodiack conteyneth .360. degrees. through the Zodiack, conteining .360. degrées, his course being againste the 24. houres, going from the Weast into the East, against the course of primum mobile, or first mouer, being moued by the mighty prouidence of God,The moouing of .24. houres. which maketh the .24. houres: and so dothe all the seuen lights, or planets, (except) that it be in [Page 12] their retrogratiō: but the Sunne and the Moone, be neuer retrograt, as the other .5. planets or lights be. And this is to be noted, that the Moone goeth faster thā the Sunne, for she goeth through the whole Zodiack in .27. dayes and .8. houres.The tyme that the Moone goeth thorow the .12. signes. Now in that same time the sunne is remoued by his natural mouing from that place of the Zodiack neare .27. degrees: and then bycause that the Moone hath not found the Sunne ther, it is .2. dayes foure houres foure and forty minuts more before that the Moone ouertaketh the Sunne againe, so by that meanes it is .29. dayes twelue houres and .44. minuts betwéene the chaunge of the Moone and the next chaunge, one Moone with an other thorowe the yeare, although that the Moone may chaunge sometime in lesse time and sometime in longer time, that is by the meanes of the .3. The .3. motions of the Moone. motions of the Moone, that is to say hir swift motion and hir midle motion and hir slow motion, whiche groweth by the meanes of the moones Auge or opposition thereof.Of Auge. The Moone being in Auge, goeth but little more than .12 degrees in .24. hours. And in the opposition of Auge néere .15. degrees in .24. hours, and in hir middle or equall motion .13. degrées .12. minuts. So this is the occasion why sometime the Moone may chaunge sooner or be detracted longer than the time of .29. dayes .12. The cause why the Moone chaungeth rather or later. houres and 44. minutes. This point of Auge is mouable, and doth passe thorough the Zodiack in the time of .19. yeare: and it causeth sometime the full of the Moone to happen sooner and later. In like manner also the quarters of the Moone, with al the other aspects that the Moone hath with the Sunne, or any other of the planets, according to the moones motion. In like maner (by the meanes of the .3. motions of the Moone) sometime the Moone goeth more thā one point and .3 minuts in .24. hours,The mone goeth in .24 hours somtimes more degrees and sometime fewer degrees. and sometimes lesse than one point and .3. minuts, as this for example: the Moone being in hir slow motiō, goeth but little more than .12. degrées in .24. hours, and then the Sunne in that time doth go one degree: and then is there but .11. degrees betwéene the Sunne and the Moone (that is but .44. minuts) [Page] So that the Moone is not one point in .24. houres from the sunne.The moue is not one point asunder from the Sunne in .24. houres. But being in hir swift motion she goeth néere .15. degrees in .24. houres, and the Sunne goeth one degree in that time: so that there is .14. degrees in .24. houres, betwéene the Moone and the Sunne, (that is .56. minuts) which is a pointe and .11. minuts .23. But notwithstāding I would not wish the common Marriners to trouble themselues with these matters,The mone is in .24. houres a point and .11. minuts asunder frō the Sunne but to followe their accustomed order, to allowe for euery day of the age of the Moone, one pointe, and .3. minuts, &c. And thus muche haue I said of the Moones motion: for that some Sea men will take vpon them to correct y^e Almanacks as touching the chaunge and quarters of the Moone: holding this opinion, that euery Moone ought to be equal in the number of the dayes and houres: and the full moones to be iust the halfe contents. And the quarters in like manner, the iust .4. parte in days and hours,Error of Marriners so that some of them will take vpon them to tel (by the rule of the epact,) the true houre of the change, quarters and full of the Moone. Wherein they are notably deceiued. Againe, sometime in the yeare you shall sée the Moone rarer thā at some other time, as this for example: from Ianuary to Iune you shall sée the Moone within .24. houres after the chaunge: bycause she hath North declination of the Sunne, and maketh a bigger arche thā the Sunne. From Iuly to December you shall not sée the Moone .3. dayes after the change: bicause hir declination is to the South part of the Sunne: but you may see hir in .24. houres, before hir chaunge. Now, the Sea men do imagin a prime day, which is the halfe quarter of the Moone, that is: when the Moone is thre days and .8 houres old, (the Moone being then .4. points to the Eastward of the Sunne, whiche is 3. houres) the same rule may they in like case obserue when the Moone is paste the full .3. days and .18. houres, and also in the middes of the quarters.

[Page 13]

Here followeth a table of Tides.

FIrst, the Moone South or North: on Landes ende full Sea.

The Moone South and by East: at the Gore ende full Sea.

The Moone South southwest: betwéene holy Iland and Tinemouth full Sea.

It floweth betwéene Tinemouth and Flambrough head, Southwest and Northeast Moone.

It floweth betwéene Flambrough head and Bridlington in the bay: a South west and by West Moone.

The Moone in the West Southwest: betwéene Bridlington and Laurenas full Sea.

It floweth betwéene Laurenas and Cromer all along the well: an East and West Moone.

It floweth betwéene Cromer and Yarmouth rode, to Laystow North rode: a Southeast Moone.

It floweth betwéene Laistowe rode and Orfordenas: a Southeast and by South Moone.

It floweth betweene Orford, and Orewel wands: a South Southeast Moone.

It floweth betwéene the Nas & the Ware head of Colne: a South and by East Moone.

It floweth at the Spittes and at the Sheue and al alongst the Swinne: a South Moone.

At the West end of the Norre: a Southe and by West Moone, full Sea.

It floweth at Grauesend: a South Southwest Moone.

It floweth at London Bridge: a Southwest Moone.

It floweth at the North forlande: a South Southeast Moone, & so alongst the coast till you come to Bechy. And in the ofton from the North forland to the South forland: it runneth halfe tide. And frō the South forland to the Nas: [Page] the tide runneth halfe tyde halfe quarter. And from the Nas to the Fairely: it runneth halfe tide, and from Fairely to Beche: it runneth quarter tide vnder other.

It floweth to the Weastward of Beche, a kenning: a Southeast and by South Moone.

It floweth at Portesmouth: a Southe and by East Moone.

It floweth at S. Elens: a South Southeast Moone.

It floweth on the Sea side of the Iland: a Southeast and by South Moone: and so on the Lande, and at the Needles, and runneth quarter tide in the oftonne.

It floweth at Poole in the hauen: a Southeast Moone.

It floweth at Waymouth: an East and West Moone.

It floweth at Portland a Southeast Moone.

It floweth from the Weaste parte of Portlande, till you come vntoo Plymmouth: an East and Weast Moone.

It floweth on the shoare from Plymmouth to the Lizard: a West and by Southe Moone. And in the oftonne a Southeast Moone.

It floweth at Mountes baye: an East and Weaste Moone.

It floweth at Selly: a West and by South Moone.

It floweth at the Landes ende of Goolfe: a West Southwest Moone.

It floweth all alongst the coast vp to Bristowe, and the coast of Ireland, from Waterford to Kinsale: a West and by South Moone.

Furthermore it floweth (for the most part) from the poll head of Burdeaux all alongst the coast of Biskey, Galiza, Portingale, till you come to the straightes of Maliga, a Southwest and Northeast Moone.

It floweth at Flushing: a Southweast and by Southe Moone.

[Page 14]It floweth at Anwerp: an East and west Moone.

It floweth all alongest the coast of Flaunders, from the Wyldings to Calys: a Southe and by East Moone: and so runneth halfe a tide vnder the other.

Nowe heere is one speciall thyng too bée noted,It will now a point of the compasse more in y^e spring tides than in the neap tides in a Riuer that hath any distance vnto the Sea. and that is thys: it floweth one poynte of the compasse more in the Spring streames, than it doothe in any of the quarters of the Moone (so that it be a riuer where there is any indrafte, hauing distaunce from the Sea) when there is neyther rage of wyndes nor anye cause eyther too hinder or further the sayde effect. As for example thus: it floweth at Grauesend at the chaunge of the Moone or full: a Southe Southwest Moone. But in any of the quarters of the Moone it skante floweth a Southe and by West Moone: and this is generally for euer.

The fourth Chapter treateth of the Sunne & moones course in the Zodiack: and hovv you shall knovv vvhat houres the Moone shall rise and set at: and at what poynte of the compasse: vvyth other necessarye thynges.

FVrthermore the Sunne (by hys naturall moouing thoroughe the twelue Signes in the Zodiack, [Page] in the yeare) dothe cause the heigth and lowenesse of his declination: whiche is necessarie for the Seafaring men to knowe, in whiche declination they do take from equinoctiall to equinoctiall: and this is to be noted, that as the Sunne hathe declination, so in like manner hathe the Moone, for by hir declination, and the Sunne, is knowen the tyme of hir shyning or abiding aboue our horizon.To know how long the Mone shineth. The Sunne or Moone in the firste minute of Aries do rise East, and set West, and shyne .12. houres. In the first minute of Taurus they rise néere the Easte Northeast, and set néere the West Northwest, and shyne .14. houres. In the signe of Gemini: they rise neere the Northeast and by East, and they set néere the Northwest and by West, and shyne .16. houres. In the signe of Cancer the firste minute: they make their greatest declination to the Northwards, and they rise neer the Northeast, and set neere the Northweast and shyne néere .17. houres. In the fyrste minute of Leo (discending towardes the equinoctiall,) as they dyd in Gemini. And in the signe of Virgo, as they dyd in Taurus. And in the firste minute of Libra, equinoctiall: beginning South declination, as in Aries. And in the fyrste minute of Scorpio: they rise néere the Easte Southeast, and sette néere the Weast Southweast, and shyne .10. houres. In the fyrste minute of Sagittarius: they rise neere the Southeast and by East, and set néere the Southwest, and by weast, and shyne .8. houres. In the fyrste minute of Capricornus, they haue their greatest declinatiō to the South, and begin to returne to the equinoctiall, rising neere the Southeast and setting néere the Southwest, and shyne more than .7. houres. In the firste minute of Aquarius: as in Sagittarius. In the firste minuts of Pisces: as in Scorpio. Nowe by this rule you may knowe the rising and setting of the Moone for euer: as thus: I haue shewed you before in the shifting of the Sunne and Moone, that for [Page 15] euery day of the age of the Moone,To knowe what houre or point the Moone ryseth or setteth. the Moone goeth Eastward one point & .3. minuts: in .2. days .2. points and .6. minuts. &c. Nowe when you list to knowe the very houre and time of hir rising: Looke howe many dayes the Moone is olde, then put so many points, and so many .3. minutes, and looke what it amounteth vnto. Which for your better vnderstanding, I will shew by example: and first of the Moones being South, by euery day of the age of the Moone. The Moone being one daye olde: is South at .12. of the clocke .48. minutes.To knowe what houre the Moone is South for euery day of the age of the Moone. The Moone being .2. dayes olde, is South at one of the clocke .36. minuts in the after noone. Three days old: South at 2. of the clock .24. minuts .4. days olde, at .3. of the clock .12. minutes .5. days olde: at .4. of the clock iust .6. days olde at .4. of the clock 48. minuts .7. days olde at .5 of the clock .36. minutes. When the Moone is iust a quarter old, she is South at .6. of the clock at night. at .8. dayes olde: the Moone is South at .6. of the clocke .48. minutes. at .9. dayes olde at .7. of the clock .12. minutes. at .10 dayes olde: at .8. of the clocke iust. At .11. dayes olde at .8. of the clock .48. minutes. at .12. dayes olde at .9. of the clocke .36. minutes, at .13. dayes olde at .10. of the clock .24. minutes. at .14. dayes olde at .11. of the clocke .12. minutes. at .15. dayes olde (being the full Moone) she is then South at midnight. One daye after the full Moone: she is South at .12. of the clocke .48. minutes at midnight. Two dayes after the full: at one of the clocke .36. minutes. Three dayes after, at .2 of the clocke .24. minutes. Foure days after, at .3. of the clock 12. minutes. Fiue dayes after at .4. of the clocke, iust in the morning. Sixe dayes after, at .4. of the clock .48. minutes .7. dayes after, at .5. of the clocke .36. minutes. When the Moone is thrée quarters olds, she is South at .6. of the clocke in the morning. At .8. dayes after the full (being the firste daye after the quarter) at .6. of the clocke .24. minuts .9. days after: at 7. of the clocke .12 minutes .10. dayes after, at .8. of the clocke iust .11. dayes after, at .8. of the clocke .48. minutes .12. dayes after, South at .9. of the clocke, 36. minutes .13. dayes after, [Page] South at .10. of the clocke in the forenoone .24. minutes .14. dayes after, at .11. of the clocke .12. minutes. at .15. dayes after the Moone dothe chaunge (being then with the Sunne) for the chaunge of the Moone is,Of the chaunge. when the Moone and the Sunne be bothe vnder one like degree and minute of any signe of the Zodiack.Of the full Moone. The full Moone is, when the Sunne and the Moone be opposite (the one being directly against the other, and iust .6. signes asunder) as you maye perceiue at the full Moone: for then when the Moone ryseth, the Sunne setteth: and when the sunne ryseth, the Moone setteth. The quarters be,Quarter of the Moon. Ensample of the moones rysing & setting. when the Sunne and Moone be iust .3. signes asunder (that is, iust .90. degrées.) Nowe when you list to knowe the very time of the Moones rysing or setting, looke in your kalender what signe and degree the Moone is in: then according to the rule of the shining, deuide that into .2. equall partes, then from the South, so shall you see at what houre the Moone ryseth, as for example this. In March alwayes the Sunne is in Aries, then the Moone being in hir first quarter, then she is 6. hours to the Eastward of the Sunne, then the Moone must needs be in Cancer. Then shineth the Moone in our Horizon 17. houres, then the Moone is South at .6. of the clock, then she shineth .8. houres and a halfe after .6. of the clock. So that she setteth at .2. of the clock and halfe an houre past, then she ryseth in the day .8. houres and a half before .6. of the clock, that is at .9. of the clocke and halfe an houre past. Now at the last quarter in March, then the Moone muste néedes be in Capricornus, then shineth the Moone but .7. houres, then the moone is South at .6. of the clock in the morning, then the Moone riseth .3. houres and a halfe before, that is, at .2. of the clocke and halfe an houre paste in the morning, then she setteth by day at .9. of the clocke and halfe an houre paste, and this rule will serue for euer without any great error. But yet there is a further matter for the exacte doing,The Mone hath latitude. which is the Latitude of the Moone from the heade or tayle of the Dragon, but that is but a trifle in respecte of muche error, and therefore I will [Page 16] not trouble you with that: yet there is one thing whiche I would Seafaring men should consider, although a great nū be expert in that, yet it is méete to be spoken of, as this. The Sunne being in Cancer or Moone in like maner,You cannot know what a clock it is by the compasse, the Sun being in the north signes. or in Gemini, or any time when the Sunne or Moone hath North declination, they wil set their compasse before them, and when they see the Sunne giue an Easte shadowe, they will saye that it is .6. of the clock, which and if the Sunne be in Cancer, it is not muche paste fiue of the clocke, and the more to the South wardes the more they doe erre. And in like case, the Moone being in Cancer when they doe sée the Moone giue an East shadowe by their compasse, they will say the Moone is Weast, but they do not consider that the Sunne and the Moone being in Cancer, Error of y^e shadow of the Moon [...] commeth so neare our Zenithe or Verticall poynte right ouer our heade, whiche is the verie heigth of their declination comming so neare them, therfore they must iudge the East or Weast from the Pole or North starre if they will iudge truely. Wherefore I do much commende the Equinoctiall Dyals for the exacte truth,The Equinoctiall dyals be very good. for they can not know the truth by their compasse, so that the Sunne or Moone or any other Starre haue any great declination being in Cancer: and you must consider this in like manner. The Sunne hauing North declination, the further you doe goe to the North wardes, the longer is youre daye, and the shorter is your night, and towardes the Southward, the shorter dayes and longer nightes. Nowe contrarywise, the Sunne hauing South declination, the more to the Northwardes, the shorter dayes and the longer nightes, the further to the Southwards, the longer days and shorter nights,As touching the length and shortnesse of the day and night. and vnder the Equinoctiall, the nightes and dayes all one what declination soeuer the Sunne hath: but this rule that I haue giuen you is for London, or any other place that hath that Latitude or eleuation of the Pole Articke at .51. or .52. degrées.

[Page]

¶The fifth Chapter or rule, is of a table of declination commonly called of Seafaring men, a Regiment of the Sunne, exactly calculated for .4. yeres, and wil serue for .24. yeres, for euery day of the moneth.

NOw shall folowe a table of declination or Regiment for 4. yeres, being calculated for England, and will serue all Europe without much error, or any other countrey or place that hath our Longitude, as the most part of Affrica, as Ginnie and those partes to the South wards, as farre as the Antartick pole, seruing for euery day of the moneth, very necessarie for them that do vse to trauell either by sea or by land, and is one of the principall pointes in Nauigation for long voyages, and the cause why I haue written this Regiment for the Sea,Euery person cannot calculate y^e Sunnes declination. or tables of declination, is for that I do knowe that euery person that goeth vnto the Sea as maister of a shippe, hath not capacitie to calculate the Sunnes declination by the place of the sunne, although they haue the tables of declination, as the Ephemerides, or Martin Curtyse, otherwise called the art of Nauigatiō. Wherfore I haue written these notes, & Regiment or table of declination for .4. yeres, and the first row towards your left hand, is the dayes of the moneth: the next rowe is the degrées of declination that the Sunne hath at the instant time of noone: and the thirde rowe is the odde minutes of declination belonging to the degrees. Nowe there be two times in the yere that the Sunne hath no declinatiō,Two times in the yeare the Sunne hath no declination. 1573. as this. For the first yere after Bissextilis, (which was in y^e yere of our Lord .1573. the .11. day of March, at .4 of y^e clock in the morning) the Sun was vpō the Equinoctiall beginning North declination. And in like maner the 13. day of September at noone, the Sunne was vpon the Equinoctiall [Page 17] beginning South declination, and also the second yere after Bissextilis, which is the yere of our Lorde .1574. the sunne is vpon the Equinoctiall the .11. day of Marche, betwene 10. and .11. of the clocke before Noone, beginning North declination: and in like maner the .13. day of September, at .6. of the clocke in the after Noone, beginning South declination. Furthermore in the thirde yere after Bissextilis, whiche is the yere of the Lorde .1575. the sunne is vpon the Equinoctiall the 11. day of Marche, betwéene foure and fiue of the clocke in the after Noone, beginning North declination: & so in like maner the .13. day of September, at .12. of the clocke at midnighte, beginning South declination. Lastly, in the yere of our Lorde 1576. that is the yere Bissextilis it selfe vpon the .10. day of Marche the sunne shall be vpon the Equinoctiall betwéene 10. and .11. of the clocke at night, beginning North declination: and in like maner the .13. day of September at .6 of the clocke in the morning, beginning South declination: Nowe these foure yeres béeing expired, you must after the yere of Bissextilis, beginne agayne at the yere one, as héere dothe followe for example.

Yeare 1.	Yeare 2.	Yeare 3.	Yeare Bissextilis.
1573	1574	1575	1576
1577	1578	1579	1580
1581	1582	1583	1584
1585	1586	1587	1588
1589	1590	1591	1592

[Page] [Page 18] [Page] [Page 19]

1573. The first yeare.
Ianuarie.				Februarie.				Marche.			Aprill.				May.				Iune.			Iuly.				August.				September.			October.				Nouember.				December.
D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.
1	21	52	South declination.	1	14	7	South declination. Equinoctiall. [figure] North declination.	1	3	49	1	8	13	North declination.	1	17	49	Solstic. North declination.	1	23	8	1	22	13	North declination.	1	15	23	North declination. Equinoctiall. [figure] South declination.	1	4	39	1	6	59	South declination.	1	17	26	South declination. Solstic.	1	23	3
2	21	43		2	13	47		2	3	26	2	8	35		2	18	5		2	23	12	2	22	5		2	15	5		2	4	16	2	7	22		2	17	43		2	23	8
3	21	33		3	13	26		3	3	2	3	8	57		3	18	20		3	23	15	3	21	56		3	14	48		3	3	53	3	7	44		3	17	59		3	23	12
4	21	23		4	13	6		4	2	38	4	9	19		4	18	35		4	23	18	4	21	47		4	14	30		4	3	31	4	8	6		4	18	15		4	23	15
5	21	12		5	12	46		5	2	14	5	9	41		5	18	49		5	23	22	5	21	36		5	14	11		5	3	7	5	8	39		5	18	31		5	23	19
6	21	1		6	12	26		6	1	51	6	10	2		6	19	4		6	23	24	6	21	27		6	13	51		6	2	44	6	8	51		6	18	46		6	23	22
7	20	49		7	12	5		7	1	27	7	10	23		7	19	17		7	23	20	7	21	19		7	13	33		7	2	20	7	9	13		7	19	1		7	23	24
8	20	37		8	11	44		8	1	3	8	10	44		8	19	31		8	23	27	8	21	8		8	13	13		8	1	58	8	9	34		8	19	16		8	23	25
9	20	25		9	11	22		9	0	39	9	11	6		9	19	44		9	23	27	9	20	57		9	12	54		9	1	34	9	9	56		9	19	30		9	23	26
10	20	12		10	11	1		10	0	16	10	11	25		10	19	57		10	23	28	10	20	47		10	12	34		10	1	10	10	10	18		10	19	44		10	23	27
11	19	59		11	10	39		11	0	8	11	11	45		11	20	8		11	23	28	11	20	35		11	12	14		11	0	48	11	10	40		11	19	58		11	23	28
12	19	46		12	10	18		12	0	32	12	12	9		12	20	21		12	23	28	12	20	24		12	11	53		12	0	24	12	11	1		12	20	10		12	23	28
13	19	32		13	9	56		13	0	55	13	12	26		13	20	33		13	23	28	13	20	12		13	11	33		13	0	0	13	11	23		13	20	22		13	23	28
14	19	17		14	9	33		14	1	19	14	12	47		14	20	45		14	23	27	14	19	59		14	11	14		14	0	24	14	11	44		14	20	36		14	23	27
15	19	3		15	9	11		15	1	42	15	13	6		15	20	56		15	23	26	15	19	46		15	10	54		15	0	47	15	12	5		15	20	48		15	23	26
16	18	47		16	8	49		16	2	6	16	13	26		16	21	6		16	23	25	16	19	33		16	10	32		16	1	11	16	12	26		16	20	59		16	23	25
17	18	32		17	8	26		17	2	29	17	13	45		17	21	17		17	23	24	17	19	19		17	10	12		17	1	34	17	12	44		17	21	10		17	23	24
18	18	17		18	8	4		18	2	53	18	14	4		18	21	27		18	23	22	18	19	5		18	9	50		18	1	58	18	13	7		18	21	21		18	23	21
19	18	1		19	7	41		19	3	17	19	14	23		19	21	37		19	23	19	19	18	56		19	9	28		19	2	21	19	13	27		19	21	33		19	23	18
20	17	45		20	7	19		20	3	40	20	14	41		20	21	46		20	23	15	20	18	37		20	9	7		20	2	44	20	13	47		20	21	41		20	23	14
21	17	28		21	6	56		21	4	3	21	15	0		21	21	55		21	23	12	21	18	22		21	8	46		21	3	8	21	14	7		21	21	51		21	23	11
22	17	11		22	6	33		22	4	26	22	15	18		22	22	3 [...]		22	23	8	22	18	9		22	8	24		22	3	32	22	14	26		22	21	59		22	23	6
23	16	54		23	6	10		23	4	49	23	15	35		23	22	12		23	23	3	23	17	53		23	8	2		23	3	55	23	14	45		23	22	8		23	23	1
24	16	37		24	5	46		24	5	12	24	15	53		24	22	19		24	22	59	24	17	37		24	7	39		24	4	18	24	15	4		24	22	17		24	22	[...]5
25	16	19		25	5	23		25	5	35	25	16	11		25	22	27		25	22	54	25	17	22		25	7	18		25	4	41	25	15	23		25	22	25		25	22	50
26	16	1		26	5	0		26	5	58	26	16	29		26	22	33		26	22	48	26	17	5		26	6	55		26	5	3	26	15	41		26	22	32		26	22	43
27	15	4 [...]		27	4	36		27	6	21	27	16	45		27	22	40		27	22	42	27	16	49		27	6	33		27	5	27	27	16	0		27	22	39		27	22	36
28	15	23		28	4	13		28	6	44	28	17	2		28	22	47		28	22	35	28	16	22		28	6	11		28	5	50	28	16	17		28	22	46		28	22	28
29	15	5						29	7	6	29	17	18		29	22	52		29	22	29	29	16	7		29	5	47		29	6	13	29	16	35		29	22	52		29	22	2
30	14	46						30	7	28	30	17	34		30	22	57		30	22	2 [...]	30	15	59		30	[...]5	25		30	6	36	30	16	52		30	22	57		30	22	13
31	14	26						31	7	50					31	23	3					31	15	41		31	5	2					31	17	9						31	22	4

[Page] [Page 20] [Page] [Page 21]

1574. The seconde yeare.
Ianuary.				February.				March.			Apryll.				May.				Iune.			Iuly.				August.				September.			October.				Nouember.				December.
D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.
1	21	56	South declination.	1	14	12	South declination. Equinoctiall. [figure] North declination.	1	3	55	1	8	9	North declination.	1	17	46	North declination. Solstic.	1	23	6	1	22	14	North declination.	1	15	28	North declination. Equinoctiall. [figure] South declination.	1	4	45	1	6	53	South declination.	1	17	22	Solstic. South declination.	1	23	2
2	21	46		2	13	52		2	3	32	2	8	30		2	18	1		2	23	11	2	22	6		2	15	10		2	4	22	2	7	16		2	17	39		2	23	7
3	21	36		3	13	32		3	3	8	3	8	51		3	18	17		3	23	14	3	21	58		3	14	51		3	3	58	3	7	39		3	17	55		3	23	12
4	21	26		4	13	11		4	2	44	4	9	14		4	18	32		4	23	17	4	24	49		4	14	33		4	3	36	4	8	0		4	18	11		4	23	15
5	21	15		5	12	51		5	2	20	5	9	35		5	18	46		5	23	20	5	21	40		5	14	16		5	3	13	5	8	23		5	18	27		5	23	18
6	21	4		6	12	31		6	1	57	6	9	56		6	19	1		6	23	23	6	21	31		6	13	58		6	2	49	6	8	45		6	18	42		6	23	22
7	20	52		7	12	10		7	1	34	7	10	18		7	19	14		7	23	25	7	21	21		7	13	38		7	2	26	7	9	8		7	18	57		7	23	25
8	20	41		8	11	49		8	1	10	8	10	39		8	19	28		8	23	26	8	21	11		8	13	18		8	2	4	8	9	30		8	19	11		8	23	26
9	20	28		9	11	27		9	0	46	9	10	59		9	19	41		9	23	27	9	21	0		9	12	58		9	1	42	9	9	52		9	19	25		9	23	26
10	20	16		10	11	6		10	0	22	10	11	20		10	19	54		10	23	27	10	20	49		10	12	39		10	1	18	10	10	13		10	19	39		10	23	27
11	20	3		11	10	44		11	0	2	11	11	41		11	20	6		11	23	28	11	20	38		11	12	19		11	0	56	11	10	35		11	19	53		11	23	28
12	19	49		12	10	23		12	0	25	12	12	1		12	20	18		12	23	28	12	20	26		12	11	59		12	0	32	12	10	56		12	20	6		12	23	28
13	19	36		13	10	1		13	0	49	13	12	21		13	20	30		13	23	28	13	20	13		13	11	39		13	0	7	13	11	18		13	20	19		13	23	28
14	19	21		14	9	39		14	1	13	14	12	41		14	20	41		14	23	27	14	20	2		14	11	19		14	0	17	14	11	39		14	20	32		14	23	27
15	19	7		15	9	17		15	1	36	15	13	1		15	20	53		15	23	26	15	19	55		15	10	58		15	0	41	15	12	0		15	20	44		15	23	26
16	18	52		16	8	55		16	2	0	16	13	21		16	21	3		16	23	25	16	19	37		16	10	36		16	1	3	16	12	21		16	20	56		16	23	25
17	18	37		17	8	32		17	2	23	17	13	40		17	21	14		17	23	24	17	19	23		17	10	16		17	1	27	17	12	42		17	21	6		17	23	24
18	18	17		18	8	10		18	2	47	18	14	0		18	21	25		18	23	22	18	19	9		18	9	54		18	1	51	18	13	2		18	21	17		18	23	22
19	18	1		19	7	47		19	3	11	19	14	18		19	21	34		19	23	20	19	18	55		19	9	34		19	2	15	19	13	22		19	21	28		19	23	19
20	17	49		20	7	25		20	3	34	20	14	37		20	21	43		20	23	16	20	18	42		20	9	12		20	2	38	20	13	42		20	21	38		20	23	15
21	17	32		21	7	2		21	3	56	21	14	55		21	21	52		21	23	12	21	18	26		21	8	50		21	5	1	21	14	2		21	21	48		21	23	12
22	17	15		22	6	39		22	4	20	22	15	13		22	22	1		22	23	9	22	18	12		22	8	28		22	3	24	22	14	22		22	21	57		22	23	8
23	16	57		23	6	16		23	4	43	23	15	30		23	22	9		23	23	5	23	17	56		23	8	7		23	3	48	23	14	41		23	22	6		23	23	2
24	16	40		24	5	52		24	5	7	24	15	48		24	22	17		24	23	0	24	17	41		24	7	45		24	4	11	24	15	0		24	22	15		24	22	56
25	16	23		25	5	29		25	5	29	25	16	6		25	22	25		25	22	54	25	17	25		25	7	24		25	4	34	25	15	19		25	22	23		25	22	51
26	16	5		26	5	6		26	5	52	26	16	23		26	22	31		26	22	49	26	17	9		26	7	2		26	4	57	26	15	37		26	22	31		26	22	45
27	15	47		27	4	42		27	6	16	27	16	40		27	22	38		27	22	43	27	16	52		27	6	39		27	5	20	27	15	56		27	22	37		27	22	37
28	15	28		28	4	19		28	6	38	28	16	57		28	22	45		28	22	36	28	16	36		28	6	16		28	5	44	28	16	14		28	22	44		28	22	30
29	15	10						29	7	1	29	17	13		29	22	52		29	22	29	29	16	20		29	5	53		29	6	7	29	16	31		29	22	51		29	22	23
30	14	51						30	7	23	30	17	30		30	22	58		30	22	22	30	16	2		30	5	31		30	6	30	30	16	48		30	22	57		30	22	15
31	14	31						31	7	46					31	23	1					31	15	45		31	5	8					31	17	5						31	22	7

[Page] [Page 22] [Page] [Page 23]

1575. The thirde yeare.
Ianuarie.				Februarie.				Marche.			April.				May.				Iune.			Iuly.				August.				September.			October.				Nouember.				December.
D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.
1	21	57	South declination.	1	14	17	South declination. Equinoctiall. [figure] North declination.	1	4	2	1	8	1	North declination.	1	17	43	Solstic. North declination.	1	23	5	1	22	16	North declination.	1	15	30	North declination. Equinoctiall. [figure] South declination.	1	4	54	1	6	48	South declination.	1	17	16	Solstic. South declination.	1	23	0
2	21	48		2	13	57		2	3	38	2	8	24		2	17	59		2	23	10	2	22	9		2	15	13		2	4	28	2	7	10		2	17	33		2	23	6
3	21	38		3	13	37		3	3	15	3	8	46		3	18	14		3	23	13	3	22	0		3	14	56		3	4	5	3	7	34		3	17	49		3	23	11
4	21	28		4	13	15		4	2	51	4	9	8		4	18	28		4	23	16	4	21	51		4	14	49		4	3	41	4	7	55		4	18	5		4	23	15
5	21	18		5	12	56		5	2	27	5	9	30		5	18	42		5	23	20	5	21	43		5	14	20		5	3	18	5	8	18		5	18	22		5	23	18
6	21	6		6	12	35		6	2	3	6	9	52		6	18	57		6	23	23	6	21	33		6	14	1		6	2	55	6	8	40		6	18	37		6	23	21
7	20	55		7	12	15		7	1	40	7	10	12		7	19	11		7	23	24	7	21	23		7	13	42		7	2	31	7	9	3		7	18	52		7	23	24
8	20	44		8	11	54		8	1	16	8	10	34		8	19	24		8	23	25	8	21	12		8	13	22		8	2	8	8	9	25		8	19	7		8	23	26
9	20	31		9	11	33		9	0	52	9	10	57		9	19	38		9	23	26	9	21	2		9	13	3		9	1	47	9	9	46		9	19	21		9	23	27
10	20	19		10	11	12		10	0	28	10	11	16		10	19	51		10	23	27	10	20	52		10	12	43		10	1	23	10	10	8		10	19	35		10	23	27
11	20	5		11	10	51		11	0	4	11	11	36		11	20	3		11	23	28	11	20	42		11	12	23		11	0	59	11	10	30		11	19	49		11	23	28
12	19	52		12	10	29		12	0	20	12	11	50		12	20	15		12	23	28	12	20	30		12	12	2		12	0	36	12	10	53		12	20	2		12	23	28
13	19	39		13	10	7		13	0	44	[...]3	12	17		13	20	28		13	23	28	13	20	18		13	11	42		13	0	12	13	11	13		13	20	15		13	23	28
14	19	24		14	9	45		14	1	8	14	12	37		14	20	39		14	23	27	14	20	6		14	11	23		14	0	12	14	11	33		14	20	28		14	23	27
15	19	10		15	9	22		15	1	32	15	12	57		15	20	51		15	23	26	15	19	57		15	11	2		15	0	36	15	11	54		15	20	40		15	23	27
16	18	56		16	9	0		16	1	55	16	13	16		16	21	1		16	23	25	16	19	40		16	10	41		16	0	59	16	12	15		16	20	53		16	23	26
17	18	40		17	8	38		17	2	18	17	13	35		17	21	12		17	23	24	17	19	26		17	10	20		17	1	23	17	12	34		17	21	4		17	23	25
18	18	24		18	8	15		18	2	41	18	13	54		18	21	22		18	23	22	18	19	13		18	9	58		18	1	47	18	12	56		18	21	15		18	23	23
19	18	9		19	7	53		19	3	5	19	14	14		19	21	32		19	23	20	19	19	0		19	9	38		19	2	10	19	13	16		19	21	26		19	23	21
20	17	53		20	7	30		20	3	29	20	14	32		20	21	42		20	23	17	20	18	45		20	9	17		20	2	33	20	13	36		20	21	36		20	23	16
21	17	36		21	7	8		21	3	52	21	14	51		21	21	51		21	23	13	21	18	30		21	8	56		21	2	56	21	13	56		21	21	45		21	23	12
22	17	20		22	6	45		22	4	14	22	15	10		22	22	0		22	23	10	22	18	15		22	8	33		22	3	20	22	14	16		22	21	54		22	23	8
23	17	2		23	6	22		23	4	38	23	15	27		23	22	8		23	23	6	23	18	0		23	8	12		23	3	43	23	14	35		23	22	3		23	23	3
24	16	45		24	5	59		24	5	1	24	15	46		24	22	16		24	23	1	24	17	45		24	7	50		24	4	6	24	14	57		24	22	12		24	22	57
25	16	27		25	5	35		25	5	24	25	16	4		25	22	24		25	22	55	25	17	29		25	7	28		25	4	30	25	15	12		25	22	20		25	22	52
26	16	10		26	5	12		26	5	47	26	16	22		26	22	30		26	22	50	26	17	14		26	7	5		26	4	52	26	15	30		26	22	28		26	22	46
27	15	51		27	4	49		27	6	10	27	16	38		27	22	37		27	22	44	27	16	57		27	6	43		27	5	16	27	15	49		27	22	35		27	22	39
28	15	33		28	4	25		28	6	33	28	16	54		28	22	43		28	22	37	28	16	40		28	6	20		28	5	39	28	16	7		28	22	42		28	22	32
29	15	13						29	6	56	29	17	10		29	22	50		29	22	31	29	16	24		29	5	58		29	6	2	29	16	25		29	22	49		29	22	25
30	14	55						30	7	19	30	17	27		30	22	55		30	22	24	30	16	6		30	5	[...]5		30	6	25	30	16	42		30	22	55		30	22	17
31	14	35						31	7	40					31	23	0					31	15	49		31	5	14					31	16	59						31	22	8

[Page] [Page 24] [Page] [Page]

1576. The yeare of Bissextilis.
Ianuary.				February.				March.			Apryll.				May.				Iune.			Iuly.				August.				September.			October.				Nouember.				December.
D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.	D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.		D.	G.	M.
1	21	59	South declination.	1	14	21	South declination. Equinoctiall. [figure] North declination.	1	3	44	1	8	20	North declination.	1	17	54	North declination. Solstic.	1	23	8	1	22	10	North declination.	1	15	17	North declination. Equinoctiall. [figure] South declination.	1	4	33	1	7	5	South declination.	1	17	31	Solstic. South declination.	1	23	5
2	21	50		2	14	2		2	3	21	2	8	41		2	18	9		2	23	12	2	22	2		2	15	0		2	4	10	2	7	27		2	17	47		2	23	10
3	21	41		3	13	42		3	2	57	3	9	3		3	18	24		3	23	15	3	21	53		3	14	42		3	3	47	3	7	49		3	18	3		3	23	13
4	21	31		4	13	22		4	2	33	4	9	25		4	18	38		4	23	19	4	21	45		4	14	23		4	3	24	4	8	12		4	18	19		4	23	16
5	21	20		5	13	2		5	2	9	5	9	46		5	18	53		5	23	22	5	21	36		5	14	5		5	3	0	5	8	34		5	18	34		5	23	20
6	21	9		6	12	41		6	1	46	6	10	8		6	19	7		6	23	24	6	21	26		6	13	46		6	2	37	6	8	56		6	18	49		6	23	23
7	20	58		7	12	21		7	1	22	7	10	29		7	19	21		7	23	25	7	21	16		7	13	26		7	2	13	7	9	18		7	19	4		7	23	25
8	20	47		8	12	0		8	0	58	8	10	50		8	19	34		8	23	26	8	21	6		8	13	7		8	1	52	8	9	46		8	19	18		8	23	26
9	20	34		9	11	39		9	0	34	9	11	11		9	19	48		9	23	27	9	20	55		9	12	48		9	1	28	9	10	2		9	19	32		9	23	27
10	20	22		10	11	18		10	0	10	10	11	31		10	20	0		10	23	28	10	20	44		10	12	28		10	1	4	10	10	24		10	19	46		10	23	27
11	20	9		11	10	57		11	0	14	11	11	51		11	20	12		11	23	28	11	20	32		11	12	8		11	0	41	11	10	45		11	20	0		11	23	28
12	19	56		12	10	35		12	0	38	12	12	12		12	20	25		12	23	28	12	20	21		12	11	47		12	0	18	12	11	7		12	20	13		12	23	28
13	19	43		13	10	13		13	1	50	13	12	33		13	20	37		13	23	27	13	20	9		13	11	28		13	0	6	13	11	28		13	20	26		13	23	28
14	19	28		14	9	51		14	1	24	14	12	52		14	20	48		14	23	27	14	19	56		14	11	7		14	0	30	14	11	49		14	20	37		14	23	27
15	19	13		15	9	28		15	1	48	15	13	12		15	20	58		15	23	26	15	19	43		15	10	46		15	0	53	15	12	10		15	20	50		15	23	26
16	18	59		16	9	6		16	2	12	16	13	32		16	21	9		16	23	25	16	19	30		16	10	26		16	1	17	16	12	31		16	21	1		16	23	25
17	18	44		17	8	44		17	2	35	17	13	51		17	21	20		17	23	24	17	19	16		17	10	4		17	1	40	17	12	51		17	21	12		17	23	24
18	18	29		18	8	21		18	2	59	18	14	11		18	21	30		18	23	21	18	19	2		18	9	43		18	2	4	18	13	11		18	21	23		18	23	21
19	18	14		19	7	59		19	3	22	19	14	29		19	21	39		19	23	18	19	18	48		19	9	21		19	2	26	19	13	31		19	21	33		19	23	18
20	17	57		20	7	36		20	3	46	20	14	47		20	21	48		20	23	14	20	18	34		20	8	59		20	2	50	20	13	51		20	21	43		20	23	13
21	17	41		21	7	14		21	4	9	21	15	5		21	21	57		21	23	11	21	18	19		21	8	37		21	3	13	21	14	11		21	21	52		21	23	9
22	17	25		22	6	51		22	4	32	22	15	24		22	22	5		22	23	7	22	18	4		22	8	16		22	3	37	22	14	30		22	22	1		22	23	6
23	17	7		23	6	28		23	4	55	23	15	41		23	22	14		23	23	2	23	17	48		23	7	56		23	4	0	23	14	50		23	22	11		23	23	0
24	16	50		24	6	5		24	5	19	24	16	0		24	22	22		24	22	56	24	17	33		24	7	33		24	4	23	24	15	9		24	22	19		24	22	54
25	16	32		25	5	41		25	5	41	25	16	18		25	22	29		25	22	51	25	17	19		25	7	11		25	4	46	25	15	27		25	22	27		25	22	49
26	16	14		26	5	18		26	6	3	26	16	34		26	22	35		26	22	46	26	17	2		26	6	49		26	5	9	26	15	46		26	22	34		26	22	43
27	15	56		27	4	55		27	6	27	27	16	50		27	22	41		27	22	39	27	16	45		27	6	26		27	5	32	27	16	4		27	22	41		27	22	35
28	15	38		28	4	3		28	6	50	28	17	6		28	22	48		28	22	32	28	16	28		28	6	3		28	5	55	28	16	22		28	22	48		28	22	28
29	15	18		29	4	8		29	7	13	29	17	22		29	22	54		29	22	[...]6	29	16	11		29	5	40		29	6	19	29	16	39		29	22	51		29	22	21
30	15	0						30	7	35	30	17	39		30	22	58		30	22	[...]8	30	15	53		30	5	19		30	6	42	30	16	56		30	22	59		30	22	13
31	14	41						31	7	57					31	23	3					31	15	36		31	4	57					31	17	14						31	22	4

[Page]

¶The Balla Stella or Crosse staffe: to take the heigth of the Sunne or Starre.

[Page 26]¶The sixt Chapter or rule shevveth, hovv to take the heigth of the Sun with the crosse staffe or with the Astrolobe, and also how to find the true Meridian, with other necessarie matters.

TO take the true heigth of the Sunne at the Sea, the beste way is, to doe it wyth the crosse staffe: for that the Sea is moueable, and causeth the Shippe to heaue, and sette little or much: And also vpon the crosse staffe the degrees be larger marked than the King or Astrolobe: and in a large instrument an errour is seene sooner and better than it is in a small instrument.

Nowe to take the heigth of the Sunne,How to obserue y^e sun. to knowe thy Altitude of the Pole aboue the Horizon, doe this: Firste set the Sunne with a compasse, to knowe when that the Sunne commeth neare vnto the Meridian: as soone as you see that the Sunne is come vnto the South and by East, then beginne to take the heigth of the Sunne with the crosse staffe in this manner: Put the Transitorie vpon the long staffe, then set the end of the long staffe close at the corner of your eye,To take y^e heigth of the Sunne with the crosse staffe. winking with your other eye, and remouing the Transitorie forwardes or backwardes, vntill you doe see the lower ende of it (being iust with the Horizon) and the vpper ende of it, (being iust with the middle of the Sunne) both to agree with the Sunne and the Horizon at one time: and so haue you the true heigth of the Sunne: this done, Stil obserue y^e same, vntil you see the Sunne at the highest and beginning to descende, and then haue you finished.The cause why the crosse staffe] is best to take the heigth of the Sun vnto 50, degrees Yet notwithstanding this is to be noted: that it is beste to take the heigth of the Sunne with the crosse staffe, when the Sunne is vnder 50. degrées in heigthe aboue the Horizon, for two causes. The one is this: till the Sunne be .50. degrées in heigthe the degrees be largely marked vppon the crosse staffe, [Page] but after (the Sunne being aboue .50. degrées high) they be lesser marked. The other is, for that the Sunne being vnder 50. degrees in heigth, you may easily take the heigth, bycause you may easily sée or viewe the vpper end and the nether end of the crosstaffe bothe at one time: but if it dothe excéede .50. degrées, then by the meanes of casting your eye vpwardes and downwardes so muche, you may soone commit error, and then in like manner the degrees be so small marked, that if the Sunne dothe passe .50. or .60. degrees in heigth, you must leaue the crosse staffe and vse the Mariners King, called by them the Astralaby, which they ought to call the Astrolobe.To take y^e heigth of y^e Sun with y^e Astrolobe Nowe to take the heigth of the Sunne with the common King or Astrolobe, doe thus: The Sunne being (as before is declared) neare the Meridian or South, obserue it (vntill you haue the greatest heygth thereof) in this manner: Holde the King of the Astrolobe vpon one of your fingers,Howe to correct your Astrolobe if it dothe nor hang vpright. and turne the Alhidada vppe and downe, vntill you see the shadowe of the Sunne pearse or passe thorough bothe the sightes thereof, being sure that the Astrolobe dothe hang vpryght, whiche you may proue in this manner: Looke at howe many degrées and minutes the Alhidada dothe stande vppon the Astrolobe, then turne the Alhidada vnto the same number of the degrées and minutes on the other side of the Astrolobe, and then taking the heigth of the Sunne againe, if it doe agree as it did before, then the Astrolobe dothe hang vpright: but if it doe not, then it dothe not hang vpright. For knowledge of the true heigth of the Sun (the Astrolobe not hanging vpright) do thus: if the Astrolobe be truely marked, marke the diuersitie, that being knowne, rebate from the greatest heigth halfe the diuersitie, or else adde vnto the lesser heigth halfe the diuersitie, and that shall be the true heigth of the Sunne, although that the Astrolobe doth not hang vpright.

The Astrolobe is best to take the heigth of the Sunne at .60.70. or .80. degrees in heigth. How to preserue your eyes when you touch the Sunne with the crosse staffe and haue no glasses. The diameter of the Sunne is 30. or .31. minuts.The Astrolobe is best to take the heigth of the Sun, if the Sunne be very high at .60.70. or .80. degrées, and the cause is [Page 27] this: the Sunne comming so néere vnto your Zenith, hathe great power of light, for to pearce the .2. sights of the Alhidada of the Astrolobe, and then it is not good to vse the crosse staffe, for that the Sunne hurteth the eyes of a man, and besides that it is to high to occupy the crosse staffe, (as before is declared) so that this way you may very much preserue your eyes. If you haue not glasses vpon your staffe (to saue your eyes in taking the heigth of the Sunne) but be vnprouided of them, do thus: take and couer the Sunne with the end of the transitorie of the crosse staffe, vnto the very vpper edge or brinke of the Sunne (so shall you not néede to beholde the brightnesse of it) and with the other end of the transitorie to take the horizon truely, and that being done, for that the Sunne is .30. or .31. minuts in diameter or bredth, therefore you shall rebate .15. minutes from the altitude or heigthe of the Sunne, and then that whiche shall remaine shall be the true heigth of the Sunne from the center or middle of the Sunne. And furthermore there is some error in the taking the Sunne or Starre with the Ballastel or crosse staffe, and that groweth by this meanes: for that the true center (which is the sight of the eye) is within in the middle of the eye,Some error in the crosse staffe and how to reforme it. and not in the outside of the eye: so that the end of the long staffe in the setting of it vnto the corner of your eye, dothe stande somewhat further out than the sight of your eye, that is too saye, that the sighte of the eye is somewhat further into the head, than the ende of the staffe dothe come: wherefore you must pare away a little of the ende of the staffe, for some mens vses more, and some mens vses lesse, for that it is according as you may set the staffe vnto your eye, for some mē neede pare away little or nothing, and some men must pare away .14. or .15. minutes as you may set the staffe: bycause some mens eyes be further into their head than other some mens are, and the bones of some mens face stand further out than other some do. It is moreouer conuenient to know the true meridian, or South, whiche you must do, either with a [Page] good compasse or with a perfyte diall or Néedel:To get the true Meridian vpon the Land. but if you be on the land this you may do: on a péece of timber, or any other thing that standeth fast, with a paire of compasses make a circle, then in the midle or center where the foote of the compasse did stand set a wire vpright (as circumspectly as you can) and then you may do this: looke in the morning (so it be on plaine ground that you may sée the horizon circle, without any let) at the Sunne rising, for the shadow of the wier, and there set a pricke: then at the setting of the Sunne you shall set another pricke, euen at the circumference of the circle, then deuide that with your compasses euen in .2. peeces, and strike a straight line from the wier or center of the circle, to the middle or deuided prick, & that shal be true meridian. Or else (the wier standing vpright) first in the fore noone when the top of the wier doth touch, or is ready to come into the circumference or edge of the circle, there make a pricke: then in the after noone in like manner, at the very comming out or touching of the wyer, of the edge of the circle, there make an other pricke euen with the comming out of the shadow: this done (as circumspectly as you can) deuide these 2. prickes in the midle, then as before is said, drawe a line frō the center or wier, to the midle pricke, and that shadow shal be your true meridian. After another manner you may doe this: looke and watch when the wyer giueth the shortest shadowe, and there make a pricke: then draw a line from that prick to the wyer, which shadow shall be the true meridian. And yet furthermore,To knowe the true Meridian at the Sea, and also (if your compas be varied) and to know how much they be varied. for y^t it is most cōuenient to know y^e true Meridian at the Sea, bicause in long viages going far vnto the Westward or Eastward, the compasse doth varie: to find the true Meridian do this. Set the Sunne with your compasse at hir rising or appearing aboue y^e horizon, & then (knowing what point & part the Sunne doth rise at) set the Sun with your compas at hir setting or departing vnder y^e horizō, & (that being known) you shal perfitly know, whether the compas be varied, & how much: for ensample this, I doe [Page 28] set the Sun at hir rising with the compas, & she doth rise vpō the East point: in like maner also I do set the Sun with hir compas at hir setting, & do find hir to set West Northwest: so I do sée the compas to be varied one pointe, that is to say, the North point doth stand North and by East. &c. And furthermore (for that seldome times the Sun dothe rise and set cleere by the meanes of the cloudes, and other impediments néere the horizon) you may get the true Meridian thus: at any time in the fore noone, first set the Sunne with your compas, and then take the true heigth of the Sunne. Now you (knowing how many degrées y^e Sun was high at that point of the compas) may in like maner obserue the Sunne in the afternoone, vntill you do find the Sun iust at that heigth that it was in the forenoone, marking at what point of the compas the Sunne is, and so shall you see perfitely whether the compas be varied or no, and also howe much: for ensample thus: I take the Sun vpon the Southest poynt .20. degrees aboue the horison, & then in the after noone I do obserue the Sun vntil such time as I do find the Sunne iust .20. degrées aboue the horizon again, & then I set y^e Sun with the compas and do find y^e Sun to be at .20. degrées in heigth west Southwest, so that I see y^e compas to be varied one point, y^t is to say the North point doth stand North & by East. &c. Another way also to know y^e true meridian, is by the Sun: that is, to set y^e Sun with y^e cōpas at hir greatest heigth aboue the horizon, & so you shall know whither y^t cōpas be varied, & how much: & looke what is spokē of y^e Sun by day, you may do the like by night by any of the Starres y^t you perfectly do know,To find the variation of the compas in the night by y^e Starres but not by the Moone▪ doing as you do by y^e Sun in all points: but you cannot do it so well and truly by the Moone, by the meanes of the swiftnesse of y^e moones motiō in the Zodiack, you may also find the variatiō of y^e cōpas by the North Starre, as thus: set y^e North Star with the compas, if the North point do stande right with the Starre, then it is not varied, but if it dothe not stande ryghte wyth the Starre, then it is varied: and that must [Page] be done when the .2. Starres of Charles Waine called the pointes be right vnder, or right ouer the North Star, but if that the Starres be West from the North Starre, then the North Starre is the third part of a point vnto the Eastward of the North pole. If the .2. Starres of Charles Wayne called the poynters be due east from the North Starre, then the North Starre is the third part of a point vnto the westwarde of the North pole .&c. This haue I saide bycause that sometime in sundry places, the compasse doth varie, & especially in the sayling of long viages running East and West,Medell not with your compasse al though it be varied. (called the Northeasting or Northwesting of the compasse) therefore I would not wish them to meddle with the mending of their compasse or whetting of the side of the néedell to the end to make it to stand due North, but circumspectly to awaite the altering of the compasse, and what quantitie it doth alter: as you may do very well, by the order before rehersed, and then let your compasse alone: for although that it dothe varie .2. or .3. poynts,To saile by the compas that is varied. you may make account according to the variation as thus: I admit the Northwest point standeth due North, and my course is to go due West, I will occupy the Southwest pointe in this case for the west poynte. And thus (by obseruation and trying of my compasse) I care not what point standeth due North, for it is all one, so that you consider what poynt standeth North. And now furthermore, some are of that opinion, that (by the Northeasting or Northwesting of the compasse) you may knowe the Longitude: but I am not of that opinion, for I admit that it be so (as some do affirme) that the compasse doth varie, (as some haue said) that is,As touching Longitude to be found by the Northeasting or Northwesting of the compasse. that you being .90. degrées vnto the Westwarde (from the place youre compasse was made at) youre North poynt should stand Northeast: and in like maner you being .90. degrees East, your North poynt should stand Norwest: then by that order the compasse should vary one poynt at .22. degrées and a halfe, and that commeth vnto .450. english leagues (if you be néere vnto the equinoctial:) wherefore [Page 29] no master or pilotte of a shippe, doth kéepe so simple account of the shippes way, but that he may knowe what distaunce he hath vnto any place better than he shal know by the variing of the compas: & also whether it be so or not y^t the cōpas doth keepe any such proportion in the variatiō, I do refer that vnto them that haue tried the experience therof: for I for my part can say nothing in that matter. Wherfore I cease from writing muche thereof, althoughe the Sea men be very desirous to haue some way to get the Longitude. But if it be true that the compasse doth varie by that proportion, then it were very good for them to practise that matter that shoulde make any discouery vnto the Northwardes, for that the degrees be so short in those Paralels.

The seuenth Chapter sheweth how to handle the declination of the Sunne, to knovve the altitude of the North pole aboue the horizon, (the heigth of the Sunne being truely taken and knowen in any place betweene the North pole and the Equinoctiall) so that the Sunne be vnto the Southwards of you, at the taking of the Sunne vppon the Meridian.

YOu must consider by the regiment or table of declination (going before) that the .11. day of Marche the Sunne is equinoctiall entring then the firste point of Aries (called the equinoctiall of spring time) where she hath no declination. The .10. day of Aprill the Sunne entreth into the firste minute of Taurus, then hauing declination to the Northwards. 11. degrées .30. minuts. The .12. day of May, the Sunne entreth the first poynte of Gemini, hauing then declination .20. The greatest declination of the Sunne. degrees .12. minuts. The .12. day of Iune the Sunne entreth into Cancer, where he (making his greatest progresse to the [Page] Northwards) hath .23. degrées .28. minuts of declination. But now in this our time, some do affirme it to be .23. degrées and a halfe, but it lacketh .2. minuts. The .14. day of Iulie, the Sunne entreth into Leo comming dounwards to the Equinoctiall, hauing .20. degrées .12. minutes of declination. The 14. day of August the Sunne entreth into Virgo, hauing declination .11. degrees .30. minutes. The .14. of September, the Sunne entreth into Libra, (then being Equinoctiall, and hauing no declination) whiche is called the Equinoctiall of Autumne or haruest,Equinoctiall of Autumne. where he beginneth his South declination. The .14. of October the Sun entreth into Scorpio, where his declination is .11. degrees .30. minutes. The .12. of Nouember the Sun entreth into Sagittarius, his declination being .20. degrées .12. minutes. The .12. day of December, the Sunne entreth the firste minute of Capricorne, where the Sunne (making greatest progresse to the Southwards) hath of declination .23. degrees and .28. minutes. From whence he retourneth to the equinoctiall againe.The greatest declination to the South. The .11. of Ianuary the Sunne entreth into Aquarius, where his declination is 20. degrees .12. minutes. The .10. day of February the Sunne entreth into the first minute of Pisces, and hath of declination .11. degrees .30. minutes. The .11. day of March, the Sunne retourneth to the selfe same place that it departed from before, wherefore the Egyptians did paint the yeare like to an adder biting hir tayle,The yeare is compared vnto a ring or an adder biting his tayle. and (not hauing the vse of letters) they made a ring and named it annulus, as it were annus, that is to saye a yeare: bycause a ring dothe turne rounde in it selfe as dothe the yeare. The heigth of the Sunne béeing knowen, you (knowing the day of the mooneth, and what yeare it is after the Bissextilis) must turne to the day of the mooneth, in the regiment or table going before, where right againste the day of the mooneth you shall find the degrées of declination and the odde minuts belonging to the degrées of declination following: that being knowen (that is to say, the heigth of the Sun with the degrées and minutes of the declination) [Page 30] if the Sunne haue North declination,The heigth of the Sun being taken and knowē then how to handle the declinatiō to know the heigth of the pole. you shall subtract or take away the Sunnes declination from the heigth of the Sunne, with the degrees and minutes: and then that which remaineth shall be the true heigth of the Equinoctiall whiche being knowen, pulling that sūme out of .90. with the degrees and minuts, that whiche dothe remaine shall be the true heigth of the North pole aboue the horizon. But if that the Sunne hathe South declination, you shall adde or put that declination vnto the heigth of the Sunne, whiche shall shewe vnto you the true heigth of the Equinoctiall: of the which sūme (being taken from .90.) that which doth remain shall be the altitude of the North pole aboue the horizon. For this is to be noted: looke what heigth the Equinoctiall is aboue the horizon, it is equall or iust so much betweene the Zenith or verticall point and the North pole. In like maner: looke how many degrées and minutes are betwéene the Equinoctiall and your Zenith, iust that number of degrées and minuts is from the North pole, downe to the horizon,Things to be noted as touching the taking of the altitude of the pole. which is the cause that you must pull the heigth of the Equinoctial, from the horizon with the degrees and minutes. For that your Zenith is alwayes .90. degrées from the horizon as you sée by this figure.

[figure]

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The .8. Chapter sheweth you how to handle the declination of the Sunne, when you are betweene the Equinoctiall and the Sunne: that is to say, the Sunne being to the Southwards or Northwards of you and the Equinoctial, or vnder the Equinoctiall: the heigth of the Sunne being truely knowen or taken.

NOw furthermore if you be vnto the South parts neare vnto the equinoctiall, so that the Sunne haue any great declination either to the Southwards or y^e Northwards, you being between the equinoctial and the Sunne, whē you haue taken the true heigth of the Sun with y^e Astrolobe, to know the heigth of any of the .2. poles do this: séeke the declination of the Sun for that day with the degrées & minuts, the declinatiō being known & the heigth of the Sunne in like maner, then adde y^e declinatiō of the Sun vnto the heigth thereof, & it will exceede or be more than .90. degrées, then againe looke how many degrees it is more thā .90. with degrées & minuts,A thing to be noted. that shal be the true heigth of the pole towards that side that the Sun is: bycause y^e Equinoctial is y^e number of degrées aboue .90. (which is your Zenith) to the contrary part frō the Sunwards. For (as I haue said in y^e chapter going before & is general for euer) looke what heigth soeuer y^e Equinoctial be frō y^e horizō, that is the true distance betwéene y^e Zenith and the pole: in like maner looke what distance is betwéene the Equinoctial & the Zenith, y^e same is the true distāce betwen the horizon & the pole, that is to say, the pole is so many degrées in altitude aboue y^e horizō. As it is a cōmon saying (in knowing how farre we be vnto the Southwards or Northwards) y^t the pole artick is so many degrées in altitude, or (as som wil say) that we are in so many degrées in Latitude:Altitude or Latitude is all one question in effect. the question is all one in effect, although the one be called Altitude or heigthe, and the other Latitude or widenesse, yet it hathe one signification: for as when you say altitude or [Page 31] heigth of the Pole, you meane the Pole is raysed so many degrees aboue the Horizon. So likewise when you say Latitude, you mean you be so many degrees in widenesse frō the Equinoctiall: for that your Zenith or verticall pointe is so many degrées frō the Equinoct. Moreouer if you chaunce to be right vnder y^e Equinoctial, as you cānot say that you haue any Latitude,Being vnder the Equinoctiall you haue neither Latitude nor altitude, for that the Equinoctiall is your Zenith and the Poles your Horizon. so likewise cannot you say that you haue any Altitude, for that the two Poles be then iust with your Horizon, and in like maner the Equinoctiall is your Zenith or Verticall poynte. But when you will take the heigth of the Sunne with your Astrolobe, then looke what declination the Sunne hath, either to the Southwardes or Northwardes. Then put the declination of the Sunne vnto the heigthe of the same, and the number will be iust .90. degrées: if it lacketh any thing of .90. degrées, then it signifieth that the Equinoctiall lacketh so much of the Zenith, and so muche iust shal the pole be aboue y^e Horizon towards that part that you be in from the Sunne wardes. But contrarywise, if it dothe excéede or be any thing more than .90. degrées, then (as afore is declared) it signifieth that the Equinoctiall is as much as that number (both in degrées and minutes.Of your zenith being betweene y^e Equinoctiall and the Sunne.) On the contrary side, from the Sunne wardes, that is to say, your Zenithe shal be betwéene the Sunne and the Equinoctial, & the Pole shall be so many degrees or minutes aboue the Horizon, as is the distaunce betwéene the Zenith and the Equinoctiall, towardes that part or side that the Sunne is on. Wherefore I do think it necessarie to giue certaine ensamples (and first take this for an ensample.An ensāple.) Admit I doe take the heigth of the Sunne vnto the Northwards .80. degrées aboue the Horizon, and the Sunne hathe declination vnto the Northwardes .20. degrées, to which I adde or put the heigth, that is to say .80. degrées (being the heigth of the Sunne) and .20. degrees (being the declination of the Sunne) doe make .100. frō which I pull .90. away (which is my Zenith) and so ther remayneth .10. degrées. Wherefore you may conclude that the [Page] Equinoctiall is .10. degrées to the South parte of youre Zenith,An ensāple where the pole is .10. degrees aboue the Horizon. and the Sunne to be .10. degrées to the North parte of your Zenith, so that the North Pole is .10. degrées aboue the Horizon, as by this example it is declared.

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And for the second ensample, admit I take the Sunne vnto the Northwardes .75. degrees and .20. minutes aboue the Horizon, the Sunne hauing North declination .14. degrées 40. minutes, I then do adde or put .14. degrées .40. minutes vnto .75. degrées .20. minuts, and those .2. ioyned togither maketh .9 [...]. degrées, whereof you may conclude that the Equinoctiall is your Zenith, and then the .2. Poles be with your Horizon, as by this example it doth appeare.

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And now followeth the .3. ensample. I admit the Sunne be taken with the Astrolobe .81. degrees and .15. minutes aboue the horizon, and the same hathe South declination .22. [Page 32] degrées .35. minutes,An ensāple. wherefore I do adde or put togither .81. degrées and .15. minutes (being the heigth of the Sunne) and 22. degrées .35. minutes (being the declination) and that maketh .103. degrees .50. minutes: from which I take away .90. degrées (which is my Zenith) so that there remayneth .13. degrees .50. minutes: so that you may safely conclude that the Equinoctiall is .13. degrées .50. minutes vnto the North parts of the Zenith, and then it must néedes follow that the South pole is .13. degrees .50. minuts aboue the Horizon, as by thys ensample it is declared.

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The nynth Chapter sheweth how to handle the declination of the Sunne, vvhen you are beyond the Equinoctiall, that is to say, betweene the South pole and the Equinoctiall: with certaine ensamples both for the South pole and the North pole.

ANd furthermore if you be vnto y^e Southwards beyond y^e Equinoctial, as betwéen y^e tropick of Capricorne & y^e South pole, then to vse the declination of y^e Sun to know y^e heigth of the South pole or antartick pole by the heigth of the Sun, [Page] there is no other matter in the doing thereof,To take y^e Sun to the Northwardes you being betweene the south Pole and the Equinoctiall. but wheras we (being vnto the North partes) do adde the South declination vnto the heigth of the Sunne, and rebate the North declination from the heigth of the Sunne, so in like manner the contrary is to be vsed: that is to say, to rebate the South declination from the heigth of the Sunne, and to adde vnto the heigth of the Sun the North declination. As for ensample. I admit the heigth of the sun be taken .28. degrées aboue y^e Horizon due North, & the declination of the Sun be .21. degrees vnto the Northwards, I do thē adde the declination of y^e sun which is .21 degrees vnto the heigth of the Sun (being .28. degrees) which maketh .49. degrées, & so many degrees y^e Equinoct. is aboue the Horizon vnto the Northwards, & then (as it is before declared) pull that sum out from .90. degrees, and there remaineth .41. degrees,An ensāple by taking y^e South pole 41. degrees aboue the Horizon. which is the distance betweene the Zenith and the Equinoctiall, whiche alwayes is equall with the distance betweene the Pole and the Horizon: so that you may conclude the South Pole to be raysed .41. degrees aboue the Horizon. As by this figure it is shewed.

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And furthermore, if the Sunne haue South declination, then (as before is declared) you must subtract or take away the Sunnes declination from the heigth of the Sunne: as for ensample. The heigth of the Sunne being taken at .50. degrees . [...]0. minutes vnto the North partes, and the Sunne [Page 33] hauing .7. degrées and .15. minutes of declination vnto the southwards, from which heigth of the Sun (for that you are vnto the the Southwards beyond the Equinoctial) you must rebate the declination which is .7. degrées and .15. minuts, and there resteth .43. degrées .15 minuts, for the true heigth of the Equinoctial, which summe you must take out of .90. degrées, that done, there remayneth .46. degrées .45. minutes, the true heigth of the South Pole aboue the Horizon, otherwise called the Antarticke Pole,An ensāple by taking y^e north pole 60. degrees aboue the Horizon. as by ensample of this Fygure is playnely shewed.

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Yet furthermore I do thinke it conuenient to giue you an ensample vnto the Northwardes, that you maye perfectly knowe the true order of the working, bothe for the North parte and also the South parte. Admit therefore I take the heigth of the Sunne due South, at .50. degrées aboue the Horizon, the Sunne hauing then north declination .20. degrees: Now (for as much as you haue the north Pole aboue the horizon) you must rebate the Suns declination frō the heigth: so that .20. degr. being taken away from .50. there resteth .30. whiche is the heigth of the Equinoctiall aboue the Horizon, and that .30. being taken from .90. there resteth .60. So that you maye boldly affirme the North Pole to be .60. degrées aboue the Horizon, as by this figure folowing it is shewed.

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In like maner the Sunne being taken at that heigth and due South, hauing the like declination also to the Southwardes that it had before to the Northwardes: that is to say, being .50. degrées in heigth, and hauing .20. degrées of declination vnto the South partes, you muste adde or put the declination of the Sunne vnto the heigth of the same, and it maketh .70. degrées which is the heigth of the Equinoctiall aboue the Horizon, this done, that .70. being taken out of .90. there remayneth but .20. so that the North Pole is but .20. degrées aboue the Horizon, as by the ensample of this fygure it is shewed.

[figure]

For in handling of the declination the true heigth of any of the Poles is knowne. Alwayes hauyng this consideraton, that if they haue the North Pole aboue the Horizon, they do [Page 34] alwayes adde or put too the heigth of the Sun,A thing to be noted in y^e handling of the Sūnes declination. the South declination of the same. Or the Sunne hauing North declination, they pul away the Sunnes declination from the heigth thereof. Nowe contrarywise, if the South Pole be aboue the Horizon, you muste adde the North declination vnto the heigth of the Sunne, and take away the South declination from the heigth of the same. Nowe to knowe whiche of the 2. Poles be aboue the Horizon, is a very easie matter and is knowne .2. wayes.Howe to know whiche of the .2 poles be vnder the horizon. For firste if the North Pole be aboue the Horizon, you may knowe it by all the Starres rounde about the Pole, as Charles Wayne and the Guardes, with such other markes as be aboute the North Pole. Neyther can you passe so sodenly beyond the Equinoctiall, but it must néeds be known vnto you, & then you must vse that kynd of working with the Sunnes declination that in the chapter or rule before is rehearsed: and also you may knowe it by the Arke or bearing of the Starres and lyghtes rounde aboute you. Thus much haue I sayd as touching the Suns declination,The cause why english mē haue not traueled far beyonde the Equinoctiall. bycause I knowe that diuers English men would haue trauelled further beyonde the Equinoctiall than they haue done, but that they haue not had the capacitie to handle the Sunnes declination when they haue bene beyonde the Equinoctiall, that is to say, vnto the South partes, hauing lost the markes about the North Pole as the North Starre and other, and as for the Stars of the South, they haue not bene acquainted with them, but haue beaten vp and downe alongst the coast of Ginnie and Bynney, and there haue spoiled and consumed their men through the extraordinarie heat of the Sunne,An vntemperat place for extreme heate. Temperate clymate. not knowing that in going furthrr to the South partes, they shoulde haue brought themselues into a good temperate clymate againe.

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¶The .10. Chapter sheweth, howe to handle the Sunnes declination vnto the Northvvards, where the Sunne doth not set vnder the Horizon, and also to take the Sunne at the lowest being due North.

FOr further vse of the Sunnes declination, if you haue any occasion to trauell vnto the Northwardes or Southwardes more than .67. degrées of Altitude of any of the .2. Poles, or if the sunne haue any great declination vnto those partes that you are in, thē shall not the Sun go down vnder the Horizon in a long time,Of being vnder either of y^e poles. after as you be in distance vnto the North parts, for if you were right vnder either of the .2. Poles of the world, then would not the Sunne go vnder the Horizon in halfe a yeare, so that there should be continually day: And now for the handling of the Sunnes declination, to knowe y^e heigth of the Pole, & to take the Sun North at the lowest,Of taking the heigth of the sun due north at the lowest. do this: First with your crosse staffe obserue the Sun at the lowest, taking the true distance betwéene the Horizon and the Sunne, that being truely done, looke what declination the Sunne hath, then haue you to consider, that except the Sunne be neare vnto hir greatest declination, that is to say, in the latter end of Gemini, or the beginning of Cancer) the Sunne dothe decline little in .24. houres:A thing worthy to be noted as touching y^e sunnes declination. but if the declination be very swift, you must séeke the Sunnes declination vpon the day before, and the daye after, halfe the diuersitie of whych shall be the Sunnes declination: for that the sunne is at the angle of mydnight. The Sunnes true declination being knowne, rebate the heigth of the same from the declination of the Sunne, & so shal you haue the true contente in degrées and minuts that the Equinoctiall is vnder the Horizon due North, and then pulling that sum from .90. that which remaineth shal be the heigth of the pole aboue the Horizon: for (as it is before declared) looke what heigth the Equinoctial is aboue the Horizon, that is equal the distance betweene the Pole and the Zenith, and looke what distance [Page 35] is betwéene the Equinoctiall and the Zenith,A thing to be noted of the pole and the Equinoctiall, the Zenith and the Horizon the same distaunce is betwéene the Pole and the Horizon in like manner, looke howe deepe vnder the Horizon the Equinoctiall is vnto the Northwards, so far equall is the heigth of the Equinoctial vnto the southwards. As for ensample: admit I were vnto y^e Northwards of the North cape, the Sun being in hir greatest declination vnto the Northwards, whiche is about the .11. day of Iune .23. degrees and neere a halfe this being knowen I take the Sunne due North at the lowest,The Sun taken due North at .6 degrees. iust .6. degrées aboue the Horizon, the declination being .23. degrees and .28. minutes. Wherefore I rebate from that .6. degrees and so there remayneth .17. degrées and .28 minutes. For the depth of the Equinoctiall vnder the Horizon, and then do I pull that summe from .90. and there remayneth 72. degrées .32. minutes for the true heigth of the North pole aboue the Horizon, as by this ensample it is declared.

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[Page]By this ensample you may also know the true heigth of any of the .2. poles, and how to obserue the Sunne at the lowest when the Sunne commeth neerest vnto the Horizon, as well as you may when the Sunne is vpon the Meridian at the greatest heigth from the Horizon, which is very necessary for them that do occupy vnto the Northwardes of Sainct Nicholas in Rousey, it is also very necessary for them that would attempt any viages of discouery vnto the Northwards,Of viages for discouery to the Northwards eyther to the Eastward by Noua Zemla or to the West ward by cape de Paramantia. as into the East by Noua Zemla, or to the West by cape de Paramantia, on the backe side of the North part of the tayle of America, other wise called the backe side of Vacula, whiche if it were attempted, there is no doubt but they shoulde finde it nauigable eyther to the East parte or to the West part: and I am of this opinion, that the thing moste feared in making their discoucry vnto the Northward, deserueth not so greatly to be feared as they do make it, the cause why they are so loth to go very farre vnto the Northwards is, for that it is the frosen zone, but my opinion is, that in sommer tyme it is not to be feared, but the further vnto the Northwardes the more temperate warme, by meanes of the long continuaunce of the Sunne: for as we sée by common experience that a thing once being made warme cannot sodenly be made cold, neither is there doubt of any great cold vntill the Sunne be vnto the Southwards of the Equinoctiall: for I admit that a ship should sayle vnto the Northward, and not stay vntill the North pole were eleuated .80. degrees aboue the Horizon,Of temperatenesse the pole being raysed 80. degrees I do thinke then they should find it very temperate and warme vnto the midle of September, for that by the space of .9. wéekes togyther (that is to say from the .10 day of May, vnto the 12. day of Iuly) the Sun should come no neerer vnto the Horizon due North than .10. degrees, or .30. degrees vnto the South part aboue the Horizon: and yet it is possible that it may be cold there vntill the ende of May, for that the Sunne must haue a time to make the aire warme. For like as a thing once béeing [Page 36] colde cannot bée sodaynely made warme, so in like manner a place being once made warme cannot bée sodainely made colde. And furthermore he that were in the Latitude of .80. degrées shoulde haue but a short paralele:The length of the paralele at .80. degrees is but .1250. english leagues. for the whole compasse of the earth and Sea going East and West too come rounde about to that place agayne in the same paralele is but .1250. english leagues, euery league conteining .3. englishe miles: So that in sayling of lesse than 500. or .600. leagues, they myght sée whether it were nauigable or not.

The eleuenth Chapter doth shew hovv you shall knovve the length of the day, and to knowe how much the day is shortened or lengthened by the Sunnes declination.

NOwe I thinke it conuenient for Seafaring men too knowe the length of the daye in anye place that they haue occasion too go vntoo: for that they haue occasion too trauell intoo all the climates and places, transporting them selues manye tymes quickly from one place vntoo another: and although the aunciente writers haue appoynted certayne climates, and other late writers in lyke manner haue made tables very exact for the longest or shortest day in anye of those climates, and other places, according to the eleuation of the pole: yet haue they not opened anye waye vntoo them in gyuing anye order for them to knowe when the days is an houre [Page] longer or shorter, whereby they might at all times knowe the length of the day, which notwithstanding is very necessary for them, for that they be abroade vnder sayle bothe night and day, and in like manner for that they must kéepe account of houres and times exactly,How necessary it is for a Seafaring man to know the lēgth of the day. Vnder the Equinoctial the day is always .12. houres lōg. The pole 16. degrees 44. minuts the day .13. houres long when it is at the lōgest▪ in as muche as they ought to kéepe an account of the shippes way: wherefore it must néedes be most necessary for nauigation, to knowe the true time of the Sunne rising and setting, whiche you shall knowe by this meanes: first this is not vnknowne, that vnder the Equinoctiall the Sunne is .12. houres aboue the Horizon, and .12. houres vnder the Horizon, (what declination soeuer the Sunne hath) so that there the Sunne ryseth at .6. of the clocke and setteth at .6. of the clocke for euer. And where the pole is raysed .16. degrees and .44. minutes, there the longest day is .13. houres, (the Sunne hauing hir greatest declination at .23. degrées .28. minutes) and the shortest day is 11. houres long: and then looke when the Sunne hath declined .23. degrées and a halfe eyther backwards or forwardes, for then the day is an houre longer or shorter and proportionably: when the Sunne hath declined .11. degrées .44. minutes then it is halfe an houre longer or shorter.The pole 30. degrees 48. minuts the longest day .14. houres lōg. &c. Moreouer wher the pole is eleuated .30. degrées .48. minutes, there the longest day is .14. houres and the shortest day is .10. houres long, the Sunne then rising at .5. of the clocke and setting at .7. of the clocke, and there when the Sunne hath declined .11. degrees and .44. minutes from the Equinoctiall .&c. vnto the greatest declination, then the day is an houre longer or shorter,The pole 41. degrees 23. minutes the longest day .15. houres lōg. and whē the Sunne hath declined .5. degrées .52. minutes then the day is halfe an houre longer or shorter .&c. Furthermore also, where the pole is raised .41. degrées .23. minutes, there the longest day is .15. houres, and the shortest .9. houres long, (the Sunne hauing hir greatest declination, and as thē rising at .4. of the clocke .30. minutes, and setting at .7. of the clocke .30. minutes) so that there when the Sunne hath declined .7. degrées .49. minutes from the Equinoctiall, the day [Page 37] shall be an houre longer or shorter, and when it hath declined 3. degrées .54. minutes, the day shall be halfe an houre longer or shorter .&c. And furthermore,The pole raised .49. deg. 1. mi. then the longest day is 16. houres long. where the Pole is raysed .49 degrees one minute, there the longest day is .16. houres, and the shortest .8. houres long, the Sunne rysing at .4. of the clocke, and setting at .8. of the clocke, so that there when the Sunne hath declyned .5. degrées .52. minutes from the Equinoctiall, then shall the daye be an houre longer or shorter. And when the Sunne hath declyned .2. degrees .56. minutes, then the daye shall be halfe an houre longer or shorter .&c. Yet furthermore, where the Pole is raysed .54. degrées .30.The pole raised .54. deg. 30. mi. then the longest daye is 17. houres long. minutes, there the longest day is .17. houres, and the shortest 7. houres long, the Sunne then rysing at .3. of the clocke 30. minutes, and setting at .8. and .30. minutes: where when the Sun hath declyned .4. degrees & .41. minutes from the Equinoctial, to the greatest declynatiō, the day is an hour longer or shorter, and when she hath declined .2. degrées .21. minuts, the day is halfe an houre longer or shorter, &c.The pole raysed .58. deg. 27. mi. the longest day is .18. houres long Where also the Pole is raysed .58. degrées .27. minutes, there the longest day is 18. houres long, and the shortest but .6. and there when the Sunne hath declined .3. degrées .55. minuts from the equinoctiall, then the day shall be an hour longer or shorter: and when the Sunne hath declyned .2. degrées lacking .2. minuts,The pole raysed .61. deg. 18. mi. the longest day is .19. houres long then the day shall be halfe an houre longer or shorter. Furthermore also, wher the pole is raised .61. degrees .18. minuts, there the longest day is .19. houres long, and the shortest but .5 houres: then shall the Sunne ryse at .2. of the clocke .30. minutes, and set at .9. and .30. minutes, and there when the Sun hath declined .3. degrees and .21 minutes from the Equinoctiall, then shall the daye be an houre longer or shorter, &c. Furthermore, where the Pole is raysed .63. degrées .22.The Pole 63. deg. 2. mi. the longest day .20. hours long. minutes, there the longest daye is .20. houres long, and the shortest but .4. houres, then shall the Sunne ryse at two of the clocke, and sette at tenne of the clocke, and when the Sunne hath declyned two degrées, and fiftie sixe minutes [Page] from the Equinoctiall vnto the greatest declination, then shall the day be an houre longer or shorter &c.The pole raysed .64. degrees .49 minutes the longest day 11. houres long. The pole 65. degrees the longest day .22. houres lōg. Now where the pole is raysed .64. degrées .49. minutes, there the longest day shall be .21. houres long, and the shortest but .3. houres: And there when the Sun hath declined but .2. degrées .36. minutes from the Equinoctiall vnto the greatest declination, the day shall be an houre longer or shorter. Where also the pole is raised .65. degrées, there the longest day shall be .22. houres and the shortest but .2. houres long, and when that the Sunne hath declyned but .2. degrées and .20. minutes from the Equinoctiall &c. then the day shall be an houre longer or shorter.The pole 66. degrees 20. minutes the longest day .23. houres lōg. The pole 66. degrees 32. minutes then the Sun shall not set vnto them. &c. And where the pole is raysed .66. degrees .20. minutes the longest day shall be .23. houres long and the shortest but one houre long, and then when that the Sunne hath declined but .2. degrees .8. minutes, then the day shall be an houre longer or shorter, and then where that the North pole is raysed .66. degrées and .32. minutes, there it is 24. houres long, for that when the Sunne hath hir greatest declination vnto the Northwardes, then at midnight you shall sée halfe the Sunne, and then when that the Sun hathe the greatest declination vnto the South parts, then you shal sée but halfe the Sunne at noone, and then in the going but 15. miles further vnto the Northwards, that is, but one quarter of a degrée,The Sun clean aboue the Horizon due North and not to appeare aboue the Horizon South at noone. then the Sunne shall be cleane aboue the Horizō at the due North, and not seene vnto the South at noone aboue the Horizon, the Sunne hauing hir greatest declination to the South, and then the day shal be an hour longer or shorter when that the Sunne hath declined one degrée .57 minutes from the Equinoctiall and so foorth vnto the greatest declination. And thus much haue I sayd as touching the length of the daye, whereby you maye knowe at all times the true length of the day in any Latitude betwéene the Equinoctiall and the eleuation of the pole at .66. degrées and 32. minutes, by knowing howe manye degrées the Sunne is declined, and that you may know on euery day by the regiment [Page 41] going before, hauing this consideration,To knowe the length of the day at any time in any place. What the day is. that if the Sunne being vppon the Equinoctiall, and hauing no declination, that then in anye Latitude the daye is alwayes iust .12. houres long. And you must note this, that it is called the day from the rising of the Sunne vnto the setting of the same vnder the Horizon and not from day light vnto day light. For before the Sun rise and after that the Sun is set it is counted for no parcell of the day but it is called the day light. And furthermore, the day light will appeare by that time that the Sunne doth touch the .17. degrée of the Horizon before the Sunne rising, and also the day light will not be cleane gone vntill the Sunne be more than .17. degrées vnder the Horizon: for as you may perceiue here with vs at London that when the Sunne hath hir greatest declination vnto the Northwards in Iune that the day light remaineth all night, for that the Sunne goeth not vnder the Horizon, but .15. degrées and .2. minutes.

The twelfth Chapter is of the North Starre.

AS touching the North Starre I say but little thereof for that it is sufficiently declared in the art of nauigation, the Starre hathe Longitude vnto the signe of Gemini, and from the poles of the world in the signe of Aries, which Star standeth vppon the tippe of the tayle of vrsa minor or little Beare, and hath Latitude frō the line Eclipticke .66. degrées 30. minutes,The North Starres declination▪ and declination from the Equinoctiall .96. degrées or there aboutes. Héere followeth the note, by the guardes to knowe whether the North Starre be aboue the pole, or vnder the pole, and howe manye degrées and minutes. &c.

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North star posse Guardes

North The Guardes in the Northe, the Starre is .3. degrees vnder the Pole.

North east The Gards in the northeast the North star is .3. degrees and a halfe vnder the Pole.

East The Guardes in the East the Northe Sarre is one degree and a halfe vnder the Pole.

Sooth east The Guardes in the South east the North Star is halfe a degree aboue the Pole.

Sooth The Guardes in the Southe the North Star is 3. degrees aboue the Pole.

Sooth west The Guardes in the Southwest the Starre is .3 degrees and a halfe aboue the Pole.

West The Guards in the West the star is one degree and a halfe aboue the Pole.

North west The Guardes in the Northwest the Star is halfe a degree vnder the Pole.

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¶The thirtenth chapter dothe shewe you by the sayling vpon the quarter of your compasse, in how far sayling you do rayse a degree, and what you doe departe from the Meridian, and in the ende there is a Demonstration therof.

FUrthermore, bycause there be some that desire to knowe the alteration of a point: to this ende, that in running of one poynte, they may rayse or lay a degree soner in one than in an other: as in y^e sayling south or North,In going southwards you rayse y^e equinoctiall & lay y^e pole: in going to y^e northwards rayse y^e pole and lay the Equinoctiall. kéeping one Meridian they rayse or lay the Pole. As this for your example. In going to the North, you doe rayse the Pole and lay the Equinoctial: Contrarywise, going towardes the South, you laye the Pole, and rayse the Equinoctiall. But in sayling or going East or Weast, you do neyther alter your Pole nor Paralele but onely your Meridian. Whereas in sayling of any other poynte, you doe alter both your Pole and Paralele, and also your Meridian. Wherefore I will open vnto you (in sayling vppon one of the quarters of the compasse) what euery pointe doth rayse or lay one degrée, in how farre sayling, and howe many myles you be departed from the place you departed from, and what space you be departed from your Meridian.Of englishe leagues and spanish leagues. But heere is one thing to be noted (as I suppose) in the most part of cardes they allowe for euery degree, but .17. leagues and a half: your cards be most commonly made in Lishborne, in Portugal, in Spayne, or else in Fraunce. But as I take it, we in England should allowe .60. myles to one degrée: that is, after .3. miles to one of our Englishe leagues, wherefore .20. of oure English leagues shoulde answere to one degrée, for that .3. of our myles will not make one of their leagues. And bycause they make their acountes by their leagues in the cardes and not by oures, therefore I [Page] will shew you by our Englishe myles. An English myle conteyneth .1000. pases,A mile containeth 1000. pases and euery pase .5. fote and euery pase .5. foote, and euery foote .12 ynches. Nowe some thinke that a pase can not be .5. foote, but a pase Geometrical is .2. reasonable steppes, for it can not be a pase vntill the hinder foote be remoued forwards, and those 2. steppes will containe .5. foote, and so maye any man endure to goe at pleasure. But nowe to our purpose. For the sayling of one quarter of the compasse, this is to be noted. First y^t in sayling directly south or North, you do raise or lay the Pole a degrée in .60. myles going.A degree is 60. miles or 20. englishe leagues. In the altering of one point from the South or North in .61. myles: and you be departed from the lyne of East and Weast, or the Meridian .12 myles. In altering of the seconde poynt you rayse a degree in sayling of .65. myles: and departe from your Meridian .25. myles. In altering of the .3. poynte, you doe rayse or lay one degrée in sayling .72. myles and a .9. part: and are departed from your Meridian .40. myles.A note to knowe in how far sayling you do rayse or lay a degree in the sayling by any one point of the compasse, Moreouer in altering of the 4. point, you do raise or lay a degrée in the going of .85. myles: & depart from your Meridian .60. miles. In altering of the .5. point or winde, you raise a degrée in the sayling of .108. miles: and depart from your Meridian .90. miles. In sayling by the 6. point, you raise or lay one degrée in .157. miles: and depart from your Meridian line, 145. miles. Last of all, in sayling by the .7. pointe or winde, you doe raise a degrée in going of .308. miles, and depart from your Meridian line .302. miles, and after this manner you may consider of the other three quarters of the compasse. But if you require to knowe the raysing or laying of a degrée by the leagues of the cardes: that is, at .17. leagues and a halfe: then reade the arte of Nauigation, and there shall you finde howe many degrées you be departed fro your Meridian, and also from the place that you departed from: and yet that serueth for no other place but onely for vnder the Equinoctiall, for he that maketh account of it in any other place, shall be deceiued. For euer as you goe to any of the .2. Poles, your degrées be stil shorter and shorter [Page 43] till such time as your Meridian méete vnder the two Poles, whereof I intreat in the .16. Chapter. For the better vnderstanding of y^e things aforesayd, looke on this figure folowing.

[figure]

¶The .14. Chapter teacheth to know hovv far any lande is off from you, knovving but the distance betweene any two places: whither you runne along by the lande, or directly to the shoare or otherwise: with other necessarie things.

FOr that I know it very necessarie and profitable for Seamen, to knowe howe neare or farre they be into the Sea, and how neare to the lande, I will intreat thereof for diuers [Page] considerations: And first, bicause in rūning alongst the land there may be daunger, which may be such a certaine quantitie into the sea, that they may go both within them and with out them. And also in like manner, for that being at one distance from the lande, the land may rise in such a shape or fashion, whereas being nearer, the lande may rise in another forme or fashion: for being far off, you shal sée the hils within the lande, and being neare, the hilles or cliffes neare vnto the Sea coast maye take awaye the sight of the lande within.A note for the land rysing in diuers shapes or fashions. Furthermore also, it is very necessarie to know in what fashion the lande doth rise vpō diuers points of the compasse, as ofte as the fashion of the lande doth alter, and to note it in some booke for remembrance. First by what pointes of the compasse,To knowe how far the lande is frō you. Where two lands be but one point asunder. then the fashion, & last at how far off. &c. For knowledge how farre off you be from the land, you may haue this helpe, if there be any .2. places by the Sea coast, whereof you knowe the distance, howe many leagues or miles the one is from the other. In going alongst the coast you shall set them vp with your compasse, and when you are thwart of them, if they be but one point asunder, you shalbe .5. times the distance betweene them from the lande or shoare. If the two places be two pointes asunder, then the distance vnto the shore shall be two times and a halfe the distance. If .3. points asunder, then the distance vnto the shoare shall be once the distance and a halfe. If .4. pointes asunder, the same distance shall be betwéene you and the shoare, that is betweene the two markes. If .5. pointes asunder, then is it vnto the shore but .2. third partes of the distance betwéen the .2. places. If .6. points asunder, (you being thwart of one of them) then shall the distance vnto the shore be, not halfe the distance between the .2. places. And in al these cases before rehearsed, the one place must be thwarte of you, the other must be a head or sterne of you: and so it is exacte and true. As for ensample this: I (going alongest by any coaste) do know before hand how the one place doth beare from the other, besides this also I know [Page 41] the distance, that is to say, howe many leagues they be a sunder. As for ensample, the .2. places assigned beare Easte and West the one from the other, I then (knowing that they be 3. leagues asunder) when I haue brought one of the places South or north of me, do set them with my compasse, the one being North of me, and the other bearing North and by cast that is one point asunder: Now the distance vnto the shore,Of .2. places to be one point asunder. being .5. times the distance betwéen the .2. places which be .3. leagues asunder, I knowe the shoare to be .15. leagues from me, which (if the places were but one league asunder) should be but .5. leagues from the shoare.To be two points asū der. Furthermore if the places be .2. pointes asunder, that is to say, the one North, and the other North North, then shall the distance vnto the shoare be 7. leagues and a halfe from me. Wheras if the .2. places were but a league asunder, it shuld be but .2. leagues & a half vnto y^e shore. And furthermore, if the places be .3. points asunder,3. pointes asunder. that is to say, the one North, and the other Northeast & by north, the distance vnto the shore shal be .4. leagues & a half: wheras if the .2. places were but one league asūder, vnto y^e shore it should be but a league & a half. If .4. points asunder,4. pointes asunder. that is to say, if the one place be due North, and the other place Northeast, thē it is vnto the shore .3. leagues iust. If but one league asunder then but one league vnto the shore.5. pointes asunder. Moreouer if the 2. places be .5. points asunder, that is to say, the one north and the other Northeast & by East, then y^e distance vnto the shore shall be but .2. leagues: whereas if the .2. places were but one league asūder vnto the shore shuld be but .2. miles. Last of al, if the .2. places be .6. pointes asunder, that is to say,6. pointes asunder. the one north, and the other east northeast, then it shall not be a league and a halfe vnto the shore. &c. But if you come directly to y^e land wards, hauing no cause to be thwart of none of those known places, then to know how far you be from the lande you must do as is by the places before spokē of. For if you go in due north the one place being north & by west, & the other north and by east: then (the .2. places being 3. leagues asunder) [Page] you shall be .7. leagues and a half from the shore:Of going or sayling right into y^e shore. so that if you runne into the shore due north vntill they be .4. poynts asunder, that is to say, the one north northwest, and the other north northeast, then it shall be vnto the shore .3. leagues and 3. quarters. And furthermore, you still running in due north, till the .2. places be .6. pointes asunder, that is to say, the one place to be northweaste and by north, and the other place to be northest & by north, the distance vnto the shore shall be .2. leagues and a quarter. And again, if you runne in due north, vntill they be .8. pointes asunder, that is to say, the one place northweast, and the other northeast: then the distance vnto the land or shore shall be but half the distance betwéen the .2. places, that is, but one league and a half. Lastly, if you run to the land due north, vntill the .2. places be .10. points asunder, that is to say, the one place northweast and by weast, and the other northeast and by east, then the distance vnto the shore shall be but one third part of the distance betweene the .2. places, that is, but one league from the land. &c. Thus much haue I saide as touching the bearing of the lande from you, by the points of the compasse, to know the distance or how farre the land is of: which is very necessary for Seamen to know for diuers considerations as I sayd before.A way to knowe how one hedland beareth of another. If now therefore you knowe not howe one headland doth beare from another, doe thus: In running alongst the coast, when you sée the appearing of any lande one before another, set them with your cō passes, and looke how they beare from you, by what point of the compasse, and so shall you know iustly how the one lande doth beare or lye from the other. And by this order you may correct your plats, by doing this, as often as you sée .2. notable places togither: as Ilands, rocks, headlands, mouthes of hauens, sandes, or what soeuer else be worthy of noting, this done, as often as you do sée them togither, set them with your compasse, & that wil shew you most certainly, that so they do beare the one from the other. You may know the distance in like maner betwéene them, if you knowe your ships way, as [Page 42] thus, whē you first sée any .2. places togither, as .2. headlands,To knowe the distance at the Sea betweene any .2. headlandes. or .2. Ilands, hauing set them with your compasse, and knowing how the one beareth from the other then, for that you wil not come neare vnto them, you do hale off from the land, vntill that you haue brought your selfe farre inough off at youre discretion, and when you be thwart of the firste headland, set the other land, and consider howe it [...]eareth from you: then recken your ships way, how many leagues the shippe might goe vntill you come thwarte of the other headlande, kéeping your course along as the .2. headlandes beare, and so shall you both knowe the distance betwéen the .2. places, and also how farre you be off from them. In like maner,To knowe howe far it is vnto the land an other way. hauing consideration of the distance betwéene the other places that you haue obserued both by your compasse and also by the shippes way, you may know how farre it is to the shore, going right to the lande wardes, by your crosse staffe, although you knowe not the distance betwéen any two places. As thus: take the widenesse betwéen any two places with your crosse staffe, bearing right to the land wardes, and then remoue the crosse staffe or transitorie halfe the length of the transitorie, that is to saye, the end next vnto you, and then by running in till the .2. ends of the transitorie doe agrée with the two markes, you shall be halfe way to the shore: then looke howe farre the shippe hath gone in that time, for the same distance is vnto the land frō the ship. But if you remoue the transitory but a quarter y^e length of the transitorie to youwards, then at the place wher the end of the transitorie doth agrée with the .2. markes, shall be one quarter of the distance betwéene the shore & you at the first obseruation: & it shall be .3. times that quantitie vnto the shore. &c. And to know the ships way,To knowe the shippes way. some do vse this which (as I take it) is very good: they haue a pece of wood & a line to vere out ouer borde, with a small line of a great lengthe whiche they make fast at one ende, and at the other ende and middle, they haue a piece of a line which they make fast with a small thred to stande like vnto a crowfoote: for this purpose, [Page] that it should driue a sterne as fast as the shippe doth go away from it, alwayes hauing the line so ready that it goeth out as fast as the shippe goeth. In like manner they haue either a minute of an houre glasse, or else a knowne part of an houre by some number of wordes, or suche other like, so that the line being vered out and stopt iuste with that time that the glasse is out, or the number of wordes spoken, which done, they hale in the logge or piece of woode againe, and loke howe many fadome the shippe hath gone in that time: that being knowne,An englishe league .2500 fadome. A Spanish league .2857. fadome. what part of a league soeuer it be, they multiplie the number of fadomes, by the portion of tyme or part of an houre. Whereby you may knowe iustly howe many leagues and partes of a league the ship goeth in an houre. &c. For an Englishe league doth containe .250. fadome. And a spanish or portingale league doth contain .2857. fadomes. &c.

¶The fiftenth Chapter or rule treateth of the Longitude. &c.

NOwe some there be that be very inquistiue to haue a way to get the longitude, but that is to tedious. For this they must consider, that the whole frame of the firmament is caried round from the east to the west in .24. hours, so as ther remaineth neither light nor marke, but goeth rounde, sauing only the .2. poles of the world, and these .2. stand alwayes fast. But (as I sayd before in the .9. rule) of him that going South or North doth raise or lay the pole,Altering y^e time of rising and setting of the lights. and in like case of the Equinoctiall altering his paralele, and causing the light of the firmamēt to alter the time of their shining or abiding aboue our Horizon: so he that goeth directly east or weast, doth neither raise nor lay the pole, so that still the lights of the firmamēt doth make one maner of arch according to their latitude or declination: but the going East or Weast doth alter the Meridian, causing y^e planets to haue their aspects at another hour or time, altering y^e time of the changes of y^e moone & also [Page 43] the time of the Eclipses:Altering the aspects. which is necessary for all trauellers by Sea or by lande. Therefore I thought it néedefull to be spoken of: for as countries haue Latitude from the pole so in like manner they haue appointed Longitude. Now therfore you may get the Latitude with instrumentes,Of Latitude and Longitude. but the Longitude you must bring from another place, which you can do but with a globe or else a mappe or card, and then you must measure from the Meridian of the Canarie Ilands, otherwise called the fortunate Ilandes. And in oure Latitude of London euery .555. miles whiche conteineth .15.15. degrees is an houre of time and at London it is .555. miles. degrées wil aunswer to one houre of time: and vnder the Equinoctiall .900. miles to .15. degrées: the degrées be as long as the degrées of Latitude, but towards the pole fewer and fewer till they come to nothing vnder the .2. poles. And nowe .37. miles which are at London, will aunswer to one degree of our Latitude at .51. or .52. degrées of eleuation of the pole, but the cause why the Longitude was fetched from the Canarie Ilands I know not, but it was as I suppose,Longitude beginneth at the Cannary Ilāds bycause it was then the westermost place then knowen: for Ptholemeus was the firste that ordeyned that rule.

Nowe furthermore bycause you shall knowe the better, I would draw out certain of the chéefest places about thys Realme of England, both their Longitude and Latitude, by which you shall know what manner of Arch the Sun with the other lights dothe make, and also by the Longitude you may know at what time the Moone with any of the Planets doth make any aspect. Besides this, the Eclipses of the Sun or Moone, with the chaunge, quarters, and full Moone, by a true and exact Ephemerides through all England to knowe the verie true houre and minute of the time of the diameter:To know the true time of the aspects of the Mone. considering for what Longitude or place your Almanacke was made. And now to get the Longitude, you may do it at the time of the Eclipse of the Moone, for that the Eclipses of the Moone be generall, so that she being aboue your Horizon in any place vpon the superficiall parts of the earth [Page] or Sea, considering (as I said before) by your Almanacke, at that time when the Eclipse should happen, the very houre and minute, knowing also the place that your Almanacke was made for: that done, according to this rule, with a precise instrument you shall take the alteration of the time with the houre and minute of the Eclipse. And furthermore you might know your Longitude with the Ephemerides, by the coniunction of the Moone with other fixed Starres, if it were not for one great infirmitie, and that is the paralex of the Moone, whiche the semidiametre of the earth doth cause, by the néerenesse of the Moone vnto the earth: wherefore I woulde not any Sea men shoulde be of that opinion that they mighte get anye Longitude with instrumentes.The Longitude is not to be gotten with instrumēts on y^e Sea. Therefore let no Sea men trouble themselues with anye such rule, but (according to their accustomed manner) let them kéepe a perfite accompt and reckening of the way of their shippe, whether the shippe goeth to lewards or makith hir way good, considering alwayes what thinges be against them or with them: as tides, currents, winds, or such like. As for the rule of Longitude, it followeth in the next Chapter.

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The .16. Chapter sheweth how many miles vvill aunsvver to one degree of Longitude, in euery seuerall Latitude, betweene the Equinoctiall and any of the a poles: with the demonstration for that purpose: and the diuersities of aspectes of the Moone.

NOw by this rule shal I teach you how many miles wil answer to one degree, for euery seuerall Latitude to any of the .2. poles either articke or antarticke. And first, vnder the Equinoctiall (the .2. poles being euen with the Horizō) 60. miles do answer to one degrée, as I said in the .15. rule. And now shall follow the rest. Where the poles be raised .21. degrées .56. miles belongeth to one degrée of Lōgitude. Now y^e poles being raysed .29. degrées .52. miles do answer to one degrée. The poles being raised .36. degrées .48. miles do answer to one degrée. The pooles .42. degrées raysed .44. miles goeth to one degrée of Longitude. The Pole raised .57. degrees .32. miles to one degrée. The Pole raised .62. degrées .28. miles to one degrée. The Pole raised .66. degrées .24. miles to one degrée. The Pole raysed .70. degrées .20. miles to one degrée. The Pole raysed .74. degrées .16. miles to one degrée. The Pole raysed .78. degrées .12. miles to one degrée. The Pole raysed .82. degrées .8. miles to one degrée. The Pole raysed .86. degrées .4. miles to one degrée. The Pole being raysed to the hyest at .90. degrées (being then your Zenith) there all the Meridians méete.

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A demonstration to knowe howe many miles will answere vnto a degree in Longitude in euery seueral latitude betwene the equinoctial and any of the two Poles

This demō stration doth shewe you, howe manye myles wyll aunswer to a degree, for euery seueral Altitude of y^e Pole in the halfe circle is marked y^e eleuation of y^e Pole: in the lyne of Diameter, or right line, is marked the miles answering euerye degrée: and to know howe many miles wil aunswer vnto one degrée, first lay y^e thréed vnto the eleuation of the pole that you do require y^e number of myles vnto, one degree: & then the iust [Page 45] length of the threde being marked, lay the threde vnto the line of Diameter, or right line, whiche is the line of miles, and then you shall see at that place is the number of miles vnto one degrée &c. Now you must consider that euery houre of time in the chaunging of the Moone or of the Eclipses you must allow .15. degrees,15. degrees answereth vnto an houre of time. euery degree in miles as you do sée in your Latitude of the countrie, as thus: those places y^t be to the Westwards of your towne, place or countrie by .15. degrées the Moone shall chaunge rather with them thā with you by one houre, bycause that they shall touch your Meridian before theirs by one houre. And if the towne or place be to the Eastwards of you by .15. degrées, then shall the Moone chaunge rather with you than with them by one houre, as for an ensample thus, with vs at London, the .xx. day of May 1574. the Moone shall chaunge at .12. of the clocke at Noone .5. minutes. Now to the Westwards as farre as Lishburne in Portingall the Moone shall chaunge that same day at .11. of the clocke .8 minutes, the Longitude being thereof from the Canarie Ilands .5. degrées .36. minutes. Now to the Eastwards, that same day at noone, the Moone shall chaunge at one of the clocke .12. minutes, bicause that they haue Longitude .36. degrées .40. minutes from the Cannary Ilands and then by this accompt .7. degrées and a halfe will aunswer to halfe an houre, and then .3. degrées and a quarter will make a quarter of an houre, and then .9. miles and a quarter will make one minute of time with vs at London in our Latitude, so by this rule you may knowe at what time and minute the Eclipses or chaunges of the Moone doe happen, knowing for what place your Almanacke was made, for commonly we heere in England do make them for the cittie of London. Thus muche haue I saide as touching the true time of the chaunge of the Moone, for that some people (as I haue sayde before in the .3. chapter) do contemne and saye, why do they not giue or make rules for euer to knowe the houre and minute of the chaunge, full,To knowe y^e true time of y^e change & quarters of the moon is a question astronomicall, geometricall and cosmographicall. and quarters of the [Page] Moone? And yet they be vtterly voyde of any knowledge in the Mathematicall Science, whereby they might knowe the true time of the chaunge of the Moone: For it is a question Astronomicall, to know the Moones motion: a question Geometricall, to know the true time of the aspectes, or measure betwéene the Sunne and the Moone: and thirdly, it is a question Cosmographicall, to knowe the true Longitude of the place he is in, at the time when the Moone chaungeth. &c. Nowe foloweth the next rule whiche shall treate of Longitude and Latitude.

¶The .17. Chapter or rule treateth of the Longitude and Latitude of certaine of the most notable places in Englande: and also howe long the Moone doth change at the one towne before the other: with the diuersitie of the longest day in Sommer, from South Hampton to the Northermost parte in Scotland.

NOwe in this rule foloweth the Longitude and Latitude of the most part of the principall places in England. The Southermost place in England, is the Lizarde in Cornwal: the Longitude thereof is .15. degrées .5. minutes: the Latitude 50. degrees .45. minutes. S. Michaels Mount hath in Longitude .14. degrees .20. minutes: in Latitude .51. degrees .6. minutes. Falmouth hath Longitude .15. degrees .12. minutes: Latitude .51. degrees .0. minuts. Plimmouth hath Longitude 19. degrees .7. minutes: Latitude .51. degrées .1. minute. South Hāpton Longit. 18. degr. 52. minuts: Latitude .51. degr. 2. mi. Portsmouth Longitude .19. degrees .7. minutes: Latitude .51 degrées .3. minutes. Rye Longitude .20. degrées .22. minutes: Latitude .51. degrees .5. minutes. Douer Longitude .21. degr. 40. minutes: Latitude .51. degrées .26. minutes. Canterburie [Page 46] Longitude .21. degrées .25. minutes: Latitude .51. degr. 28. mi· Sandwich Longitude .21. degr. 38. minuts: Latitude .51. degr. 29. minutes. London Longitude .15 degr. 54. minutes: Latitude .51. degr. 32. minuts. Grauesend Longitude .20. degr. 14. minuts: Latitude .51. degr. 31. minuts. Bristowe Longitude 17. degr. 8. minutes: Latitude .51. degr. 42. minuts. Haruarde Longitude .17. degr. 0. minutes: Latitude .52. degr. 2. minuts. S. Dauids head Longitude .15. degr. 5. minuts: Latitude .52. degr. 15. minuts. Oxford Longitude .18. degr. 59. minut: Latitude .51. degr. 50. minuts. Cambridge Longitude .20. degr. 6 minuts: Latitude .52. degr. 0. minuts. Norwich Longitude 21. degr. 20. minuts: Latitude .52. degr. 10. minuts. Lincolne Longitude .20. degr. 28. minuts: Latitude .52. degr. 6. minuts. Weshpoole Longitude .16. degr. 40. minutes: Latitude .53. degr. 6. minuts. Westchester Longitude .15. degr. 29. minuts: Latitude .53. degr. 34. minuts. Hull Longitude .20. degr. 54. minuts: Latitude .53. degr. 57. minuts. Yorke Longitude .20 degr. 0. minuts: Latitude .54. degr. 1. minute. Cockermouth Longitude .17. degr. 0. minuts: Latitude .55 degr. 8. minuts. Carlyle Longitude .17. degr. 48. minuts: Latitude .55. degr. 2. minuts. Newcastle Longitude .20. degr. 31. minuts: Latitude .55. degr. 0. minuts. Barwicke Longitude .20. degr. 48. minuts: Latitude .56. degr. 23. minuts. Edenborow in Scotlande, Longitude .19. degr. 50. minuts: Latitude .57. degr. 0. minuts. Now by the Longitude & Latitude you may know the length of the day both in Sommer and in Winter, with the perfit houre and minute of the changes of the Moone, and how long the Moone doth change at one town before another, through the whole realme of England. And now in order as I haue begon before, I will shewe you the distance of time.To know y^e diuersitie of the time of the chaunge of the moon through all England. And first at S. Michaels Mount, the Moone changeth rather than at London by 25. minuts. Rather at Falmouth than at London by .20. mi. At Plimmouth rather than at London by .18. min. At South Hampton rather than at London by 5. minuts. At Portsmouth rather than at Lon. by .4 minuts. [Page] At Rye later than at London by one minute and .½. At Douer later than at London by .6. minutes and more. At Canterburie later than at London by .5. minutes. At Sandwich later than at London by .6. minuts. Grauesend later than at London by one minute and a halfe. Bristow rather than at London by .11. minutes. Haruard rather than at London by 12. minutes. Saint Dauids head rather than at London by 19. minutes. Oxforde rather than at London by .4. minuts. Cambridge later than at London by .⅔. partes of a minute. Norwich later than at London by .5. minuts and more. Lincolne later than at London by .2. minutes. Welshpoole rather than at London by .16. minutes. Westchester rather than at London by .10. minutes. Hull later than at London by .4. minutes. Yorke later than at London by .¼. of a minute. Cockermouth rather than at London by .12. minutes. Carelyle rather than at London by .9. minutes. Newecastle later than at London by .2. minutes. Barwicke later than at London by thrée minutes and more.

The cause why that it is called the chaunge of the Moone, is for that the Moone chaungeth the sydes of the Sunne, for before the change the Moone is on the West side of the Sun: and after the chaunge, the Moone is on the Easte side of the Sunne. &c. Nowe in like manner, I thinke it necessarie to be spoken of the difference of the longest day in Sommer, in euery seuerall Latitude, through the whole Realme of England frō the Southermost part, called the Lizard, to the Northermost part in Scotlande: and this is called the day, from the Sunne rysing or appearing aboue the Horizon.

To know y^e lēgth of the longest day through all England & Scotlande.Firste at South Hampton the longest daye is .16. houres long .26. minutes, the shortest .7. houres .54. minutes. At London .16. houres .30. minutes longest .7. houres .30. minuts shortest. At Lincolne .16. houres .45. minuts longest .7. hours 15. minutes shortest.

At Yorke, the longest .17. houres, the shortest .7. houres. Newcastle the longest .17. houres .12. minutes, the shortest .6. [Page 47] houres .48. minutes. Barwicke, the longest .17. houres .30. minutis, the shortest .6. houres .30. minuts. Edenborow in Scotlande, the longest day in Sommer .17. houres .45. minuts, the shortest day .6. houres .15. minutes. Now Catnes point being the northermost part in all Scotlande, the Pole being raised to .62. degrées, there the longest day is .19. houres .30. minuts, the shortest daye .4. houres .30. minutes. Nowe this you doe consider, loke what the longest day doth containe, looke what that lacketh of .24. hours, that is the shortest Winter day. &c.

The eightenth Chapter or rule shevveth hovve to sayle by the Globe.

NOw to sayle by the Globe, it is conuenient to be spoken of. For that generally the most part of the seamen make their account as though the earth wer a platforme. For they do not consider that the earth is a Globe, and that the Meridians do growe narrower and narrower towards the .2. poles, for it is vnpossible to drawe the face of the earth and the Sea true vpon a platforme, for if you wil describe the lande true,You cannot drawe the Land & sea true vpon a flat thing. then shall not the Sea be true, for as you go towardes the North partes, your Meridians growe togither, so as your lines or pointes be according to the arte of Hydrography, for the Sea shall be broader to the North partes than it is. Nowe and if you woulde describe the Sea true, with lines, courses, distances, hauens and daungers, then shoulde your lande be broader to the North partes than it is. As for ensā ple, thus: Englande and Scotlande being both one Ilande,To make a Sea plat or carde. in all your Cardes of Nauigation, the North parte of Scotland is drawn much bigger than it is, for otherwise the lines of South & North shoulde not be according to the treating of the lande, for if you viewe it well, you shall finde the North [Page] ende of Scotlande much more in distance than it is. As you may see in measuring it by the trunke of youre carde there. For youre better vnderstanding, I will shewe you the compasse of the earth vnder sundrye Paralels or Circles, howe many myles the earthe doth contayne in compasse.The compasse of the earth. Fyrst, vnder the Equinoctiall (where the earthe is at the greatest compasse) in going directly Easte or Weaste, that is, by a ryghte line ouer Sea and Lande, the two Poles being euen wyth your Horizon: you haue .21600. myles to come to the place you departed from.The compasse of the earth vnder y^e tropick of Cancer. The artick circle of Lō don vnder the Polare circle. Vnder the Tropicke of Cancer, the North Pole being raysed .23. degrées .28. minutes, going directly East & West: it is .19800. miles in compasse in our artick circle of London wher the pole artick is raised .15. deg. 32. minuts, going East & west: it is .13320. myles in compasse, then vnderneath the Polare circle where the Pole is raysed sixtie sixe degrees, thirtie two minutes: it is .8460. miles in compasse. By this you sée that the compasse of the East and Weast lyne (comming from the Equinoctiall) is muche lesser to the North wardes than it is to the South wardes. Wherefore when you shall haue any occasion to attempte any voyage to the North parts, it is best to sayle by a Globe: for so shall you better see the distances and bignesse of the landes, and in like manner your lines and courses. In this order, fyrste (according to the accustomed manner) kéepe a perfitte accounte and reckoning of the waye of the shippe, by what lyne or poynte your Shippe hathe made hir waye good, then muste you resorte to youre Globe. After that consider what place and Paralell you be in, whiche you maye doe by the Sunne by daye,How to vse the globe to direct your course, and to knowe how that any place doth beare. and by the Starres by nyght. Nowe (knowing what place and Paralel you be in) sette youre Globe to the eleuation of youre Pole: that doone, turne to the place of youre Zenith, and seeke the opposite of it in your Paralell: for then you knowe that in the same Paralell is youre Easte and Weaste lyne: that had, the iuste quarter of that circle to the Pole, muste be deuided into the eight pointes of your compasse, doing so likewise on [Page 48] the other side. In like case if you come to the Southwards, deuide your .8. wyndes from your Antarticke Pole, to youre Paralell circle: and thus must you doe euer and anon, for the oftner you do obserue this custome, the better & perfiter shal your course be. Now thus briefly I make an end of y^e sayling by the Globe. But for them that do occupie the Southparts, nothing is better than their cardes. Bycause I haue declared vnto you the length of certayne of the Paralels, what myles the Earth doth contayne in compasse vnder them, now wil I shew you how many myles distance is between euery one of them. And first,The distāce between the equinoctiall and the tropick of Cancer. Between y^e artick circle of London & the tropick of Cancer. from the Equinoctiall to the Tropick of Cancer, (which is there where the Sun maketh his furthest progresse to the North partes) it is .1408. myles. Secondly, betwéen the tropick of Cancer & our Artick circle of Londō it is 1684. miles. Thirdly, between our Artick circle & the Polare circle is .900. myles. Lastly, betwéene the Polare circle and the Pole is .1408. myles. So that it is in all from the Equinoctiall to eyther of the two Poles .5400. miles: whiche is the fourth part of the compasse of the whole Earth. Furthermore, for that you may the better vnderstande that the Earth is a Globe or Circular (which any person that dothe occupie the Sea,The cause why that you may see the sailes of a ship & not the whole. seeth most apparantly) you shall perceiue it thus, if you see a Shippe any thing farre off, you may perfitly sée y^e sayles of it, but not the whole, the cause wherof is the circularnesse of the earth and the water of the Sea: for that the water doth rise and swell between you and the other ship, according to the distance between both the ships: bicause the distance to the center of the earth or water, is in euery place alike. And he that hath desire to know further héerof, M. Dée hath made mention therof in Euclides Elamentes in his mathematical preface, & also in the .12. booke, whither you may haue recourse, yet notwithstanding I wil say a litle therof, wherby you may discerne how far it is possible to sée a ship vpon the sea: as thus: if you be on y^e sea in a ship, so y^t ther be but halfe a league betwéene you and the other ship, the water wyll be fyue ynches and a halfe hygher in the middle of the waye [Page] betwéene bothe the ships, for that the water is equall in euery place vnto the center of the earthe, and then the water going by a croked line, then to strike it by a right line, the middle of the line that shoulde come from the center of the earth, shall be shorter than the other .2. lines comming from the center of the earth betweene the .2. shippes by .5. ynches and a halfe, and then it must néedes be sayde, that the water is hygher by the said .5. ynches and a halfe. And furthermore, if the two shippes were a league asunder, then the water by his circulernesse shuld be .22. ynches hygher than the leuell in the middle betwéene both the shippes.To knowe howe many foote and ynches that the water is higher than the leuell or the sea between two ships. Furthermore, if the .2. ships be 2. leagues asunder, then the water shall be higher than the leuell in the middle betwéene bothe the shippes by .88. ynches, which is .7. foote and .4. ynches. If the .2. shippes be .3. leagues the one from the other, then the water shall be higher than the leuell in the midway betwéene both the shippes, by .198. inches, whiche is 16. foote and a halfe. Furthermore, if the .2. shippes be .4. leagues asunder, the water shall be higher than the leuell in the midway betweene both the shippes by .252. ynches, which is .29. foote and .4. ynches. And furthermore, if the .2. shippes were .5. leagues asunder, the water shoulde be higher than the leuell of the midway betwéene both the ships by .550. ynches, which is .46. foote lacking .2. ynches. Yet furthermore, if the .2. ships were .6. leagues asunder, the water should be higher than the leuell in the middle way betwéene them by .792. ynches, which is .66. foote. Furthermore also, if the .2. shippes were .7. leagues asunder, the water should be higher than the leuell in the midway between both the ships by .1878. ynches,What a ken is, and the cause why you may see a ship further out of the top then vpon the hatches. and that is .90. foote, whiche is as farre & rather farther than it is possible to sée any ship vpon the Sea: Neyther is it possible to see any lande further, but such lande as is very high lande, whiche for the greatnesse of the heigth you may see it, wherfore .7. leagues or .6. leag. is called a ken. Now the circularnesse of the earth is the cause that you may see a shippe or land further out of the top than, vpon the hatches:

[Page 49]Wherefore it is a plaine case, that the Earth and Sea is not flat, but circular, as is afore declared. &c.

¶The .19. Chapter, is as touching the making of Plats or Cardes for the Sea, and not to paint their cards as they do, but rather to supply the vacant places with other necessarie matters: & also of three necessarie things contained in the plats or cardes, and their vses, which is the most necessarie thing in Nauigation.

FOr the making of Plats or Cards, as touching Hydrographia cōmonly called sea Cards, I meane to say litle therof: for that it is sufficiently declared in the booke called the art of Nauigation: Sauing this, I would wish thē that be the makers of plats and cardes for the Sea,Not to paint their Sea cards but to vse y^e vacant places with other necessary matters. not to paint their compasses with so many colours: neither vpon the Lande with so many flagges, for that it dothe rather hurte than good: althoughe it may be saide they be so painted in vacant places, those vacant places I would wish them to furnish with these 2. matters in this order. Firste in some vacant place with a compasse there, to place against euery point of the half of the compasse, letters, or some other figures or carecters, then in like maner, (according to that place where suche a Moone maketh a full Sea) to make that letter or carecter at the hauen, port, or place. As for ensample thus: I place A at the East point, B at the East and by South, C at the East southeast, D at Southeast and by East, and so consequently to all the pointes vnto the Weast, then that being doone, where it floweth an Easte Moone. I place A in the platte or carde, and where an Easte and by South Moone, I doe place B in the carde, and so forthe, according to the place of the Moone that maketh a full Sea. And where it runneth halfe syde vnder [Page] other,To draw y^e shape of the lād in their cardes. to make some note vpon the poynt of the compasse. &c. This also is very necessarie to be done to furnishe vp all the vacant places of the plat or carde, to drawe the shape or fashion of euery headland or high lande alongst euery coast that is needefull to be knowne, and at what poynte of the compasse the lande is of that fashion: at howe farre off the lande ryseth in that fashion: and so to make the fashion of the lande as often as the lande altereth the forme and fashion: and last of all, at what poynte of the compasse the lande hathe that shape or fashion: for being vpon one side, the lande ryseth of one fashion, and on the other side of an other forme or fashion. Also being neare the lande it will be in one fashion, and being far off in an other fashion (as is before declared in the 14. Chapter) for there is nothing more needefull and necessary for a Seaman, than this: to knowe the lande when he séeth it, and there is no way better to make him remember it, than to haue notes howe the lande dothe rise vpon euery side:Great infirmities by mistaking any place. and what greater inconuenience may there growe by any meanes, than there may by mistaking of a place? for it were twentie times better to be throughly persuaded that he knoweth it not, than to thinke he doth knowe it not being that place. For whereas he doth thinke to preuent the dangers, he may willingly runne vpon the dangers not known of him. Therefore in my opinion they can do no better than to furnish their vacant places in their plats and cards with this matter: for there can be nothing better. The vse of the Sea cardes is most necessary for Nauigation for long voyages:How necessary a thing the sea cardes be .3. necessarie things in y^e sea cardes. fyrste for that it sheweth you howe one place beareth from another: secondly, the distance of any places howe farre the one is from the other. Of whiche the one is represented by the lines of the compasse: the other by the scale or trunke of measure, if the platte be truely made. Thirdly, it sheweth you in what Latitude from the Equinoctiall or Altitude of the pole any place is in, by the line of degrées. Now to directe youre course through the Sea by the carde to any [Page 50] place assigned, you must first looke by what poynte of the cō passe it beareth from you, from the place you meane to sette off from the lande, vnto the place you would fyrst fall with.To knowe howe any place dothe beare from you by the carde. Which you shall know thus: seeke alyne from the next compasse vnto the place you meane to depart frō, then open your compasses vnto one of those lynes by your iudgement that falleth neare vnto your place assigned: and let the other foote of your compasses stande iust at that place where your ship is, when you direct your course: that doone, beare your hands forwardes euen, and let the one ende be still vpon the lyne to the whiche you did open your compasses, vntill you come to your place assigned. But if it falleth short of the place assigned, then take the nexte line nearer vnto the place you departed from: when you haue so done, if your compasses doe ouer reache the place assigned, then take a lyne further off from the place you doe meane to set off from: and so shall you sée by what poynte of the compasse the place assigned dothe beare from you. &c. If you would knowe howe farre the place assigned is from you,To knowe howe far it is vnto any place by the carde. set the one foote of the compasses vpon the place you departe from, and stretche out the other foote vnto the place assigned iuste, that doone (standing still vnremoued) sette them to the scale or trunke of measure, and that wil shew you iustly how many leagues it is iust frō the place of your departing vnto the place assigned. If the distance between the .2. places be more than the compasses will reach at once, then first set your compasses vnto the scale, opening the compasses vnto .100. leagues more or lesse, as your scale and cōpasses will giue you leaue at your discretion, after that set y^e one foot at the place of your departing, & the other foot of the cōpasses right towards the place assigned, as oftē times as y^e distance between the .2. places doth require, & thereof (the cō passes being opened vnto .100. leagues) you may cōclude it to be so many .100. leag. vnto the place assigned as the cōpasses did shew vnto you: but if ther be any od mesure, thē opē your cōpasses to y^e quātity, & set to thē y^e scale, & it wil shaw you y^e [Page] iust contente of that measure, more than so many .100. leagues.To knowe what Latitude or heigth of y^e pole any place hath by the carde. &c. Furthermore touching the third commoditie, which is to knowe what Latitude any place assigned hath: set one foote of the compasses vpon the place assigned, and open the compasses vnto the nexte Easte and Weast line, then carie that vnto the line of degrées (kéeping the foote of the compasses vpon the Easte and Weast lyne) it will shewe iustly the number of degrées that the Pole is aboue the Horizon. So of these thrée wayes, by the first is knowne by what poynt of the compasse any place beareth from you. By the seconde is knowne howe farre distance it is vnto any place assigned. And by the thirde is knowne in what heigth the Pole is in any place assigned. &c. Nowe (this being knowne) you maye with the more ease know howe to attaine to come vnto the port or place assigned. Yet furthermore, there is to be considered (in directing the course of a ship to any place assigned) what impediments may be by the way: as tydes, currents, or the scantnesse of the wynde whiche may put the ship vnto the léewardes of his course,Things to be cōsidered by the M. or pilote of a ship. as also the surging of the Sea: And all this muste be considered by the maister and Pilot of the ship. Likewise also in long voyages, the winde may oftē shifte vpon him, and sometime the winde may be such as he can not lye his course: wherefore he must kéepe a perfite account of the ships way, and consider to know what point the ship hath made hir way good by. And at euery time that the wynde doth shifte, and the ship can not lye hir course, to note in the carde or plat in what place the ship may be: in hauing a speciall regarde vnto the way of the ship, as touching the swiftnesse or slownesse that the shippe goeth: and if so be the weather be cleare either by night or by day, to take the true Altitude of the Pole:They may correct the ships waye by the taking y^e heigth of the Pole. for by that they may correcte the ships way, and giue a very neare gesse howe the place (assigned to go vnto) doth bear from them, as also how farre it is thither, sauing onely in the Easte and Weast course: and then they haue no other helpe but only the very account of the shippes [Page 51] way. And to correct their deade reckning by the altitude of the Pole they must do this: (especially if the shippe haue had often trauerse by the means of contrary winds, so that she could not lie hir course) consider vpon the carde or plat how long the ship hath made hir way good for so many points as the ship hath sayld by: then (if by the altitude of the Pole the shippe hathe gone more than the dead reckning did shewe you) repaire vnto the line of degrées, and set the one foote of the compasses vpon the degrée and place of the heigth of the Pole, and the other vpon the next east and west lyne: that done, bear it vnto the place you suppose the shippe to be in: & thē bring forwards with the other compasses, what point of the Compas the shippe hath sayled by, and at the meeting of the .2 paire of compasses make a note for the place that the shippe is in: from which place you may with your compasses see, how the place assigned dothe beare, and also how farre off you be from the same. Furthermore (if you find by the heigth of the Pole that you are not so farre shot as your reckning did shewe vnto you) you must pull backe so much from the point that the shippe hath sayled by, as the heigth of the pole doth shew vnto you, by the order before rehersed &c. Furthermore (as I haue declared vnto you in the .14. Chapter going before) to knowe howe farre the land is off from you, knowing (as before) the distaunce betwéene any 2. places by setting the land with your compas,To knowe howe far y^t the lande is of from you by the sight of the lande with youre compasses to do it vpon the land. you may do the like by your card, as thus: you setting the .2. places with your compasse, do know that the .2. places be so many leagues asunder, then shall you repaire to the card, and according to the bearing of the .2. places by the points of the compas, you (being thwart of one of these .2. places) shall replie it with your compasses vnto your scale: But for that in the scale the leagues be so small, you may assigne .20. leagues to be but one league, and open the compasses vnto that proportion that the .2. places be asunder, and the one of them doth beare from the other: that done, open the compasses againe [Page] from the center of the compas vnto the place that you do imagin to be the land, and then reply it vnto the trunk of measure, you shall see howe many leagues you bee from the shore and so foorth. So that you may see that the plat or card is one of the necessariest things that is to be vsed in Nauigation. &c.

¶The .20. Chapiter is of the Longitude and declinatiō of .32. notable fixed Starres for Nauigation, with tables of their shining, and at what pointe of your compas they do both rise and set: and also tables for euery moneth of the yeere, declaring at what houre and minute they be South, running from the first day of the moneth to the .15. and from the .15. to the last day, and will continue these 100. yeares without muche error.

ANd furthermore I do thinke it conuenient for diuerse considerations to shew the Longitude and declination of certaine of the most notablest fixed Starres that are néere vnto the Equinoctiall,If the pole be raysed more than 50. or .60. degrees, it is to hye to be obserued by y^e crosse Staffe. These Starres will serue beyond the Equinoctiall. to the number of .32. of them, whiche are very necessary for Nauigation in diuers respectes, as this: if you be vnto the North parts where the North pole is raysed more than .50. or .60. degrees, then the North Starre is too hye to be obserued or taken with the crosse staffe (as I haue declared in the .6. Chapter) and it may chaunce so that in the day the Sunne is not to be séene at noone, and then these Starres may serue your turne. And furthermore they be very good for them that haue occasion to trauell beyonde the Equinoctiall where the North pole is vnder the Horizon, in vsing their declination as they do the Sunnes declination in all points, whiche doth appeare in the .7.8. and .9. Chapters of this book. And furthermore they be very necessary for Seafaring men to knowe the houre of the night: [Page 52] both by their being vpon the Meridian,To knowe the rising and setting of these Starres in all places by the order of the xi. Chapter The order of the table following. and also by their rising and setting: you may know the true time of their rising and setting in euery Latitude by their declination from the Equinoctiall, whether they decline to the South partes or North parts, as is declared by the declination of the Sun in the .11. chapter. And furthermore by any of these Starres you may trie the variatiō of your compas by night. &c. Now shal folow the table of all these Stars. The first row of this table conteineth the names of the Stars The seconde, the signes, that they be in Longitude. The thirde, the degrees in the signes. The .4. the minutes belonging therevnto. The .5. the degrees of declination. The .6. the odde minuts belonging therevnto. The .7. sheweth towardes what port they decline by letters, of whiche S. signifieth Septentrionell or North declination. M. signifieth Meridionall or south declination: as in the table doth appeare. The .8 doth shew nothing but the bignesse of the Starres. Now followeth the Table.

[Page]

A Table of the fixed Sarres.
The names of the Starres.	Signes.	Longit. degr. mi.	Declin. deg. mi.	To what part they decline.	Bignesse of y^e stars
Whales backe.	Aries.	6. 6	12. 11▪	M	second bignesse
Whales belly.	Aries.	16. 2	12. 20	M	second bignesse
Rammes horne.	Aries.	27. 42	17. 19	S	thirde bignesse
Rammes head.	Taurus.	1. 46	21. 16	S	thirde bignesse
[...]uiles eye.	Gemini.	3. 42	15. 42	S	great Starres
Orions left fote.	Gemini.	10. 12	9. 14	M	a great Starre
Orions left shoulder.	Gemini.	11. 26	4. 37	S	a Starre of the
First Orions girdle.	Gemini.	16. 22	1. 19	M	second light both
Orions right shoulder	Gemini.	23. 6	6. 18	S	a great Starre
Great Dogge.	Cancer.	8. 40	15. 30	M	a very great star
Lesser Dogge.	Cancer.	20. 10	6. 4	S	a great Starre
Brightest in Hydra.	Leo.	21. 2	4. 47	M	second bignesse
Lyons necke.	Leo.	23. 16	21. 59	S	second bignesse
Lyons heart.	Leo.	23. 32	14. 3	S	a great Starre
Lyons backe.	Virgo.	5. 16	22. 30	S	second bignesse
Lyons tayle.	Virgo.	15. 32	16. 46	S	a great Starre
Rauens head.	Libra.	5. 6	19. 53	M	of the thirde bignesse
Rauens wing.	Libra.	9. 36	17. 8	M	both those
Virgins spike.	Libra.	17. 42	4. 54	M	a great Starre
twixt Footes thighs.	Libra.	18. 6	22. 9	S	a great Starre
South balance.	Scorpio.	9. 2	13. 44	M	second bignesse
North balance.	Scorpio.	13. 12	7. 33	M	second bignesse
Scorpions heart.	Sagittari	3. 42	24. 47	M	second bignesse
Hercules head.	Sagittari.	8. 42	15. 20	S	thirde bignesse
Serpents head.	Sagittari.	15. 52	14. 7	S	thirde bignesse
The Eagle.	Capricor	24. 51	7. 28	S	second bignesse
Dolphins tayle.	Aquari.	8. 27	10. 1	S	thirde bignesse
Goates tayle.	Aquari.	17. 22	14. 13	M	thirde bignesse
Water pourers leg.	Pisces.	2. 20	15. 52	M	thirde bignesse
Pegasus shoulder.	Pisces.	17. 41	13. 1	S	second bignesse
Pegasus legge.	Pisces.	23. 10	26. 30	S	second bignesse
Whales tayle.	Pisces.	26. 21	21. 47	M	thirde bignesse

[Page 53]The vse of this Table is this: when you haue taken the heigth of any of these Starres vpon the Meridian, then loke what declination the Starre hath from the Equinoctiall:How to vse the starres declination to know the heigth of y^e Pole. if the star haue North declination, then subtract or take away the stars declination from the heigth: if it haue South declition, then adde or put vnto the heigth the starres declination, and that will shewe vnto you the heigth of the Equinoctiall, and then by the heigthe of the Equinoctiall the heigth of the Pole is knowne, as the .7. Chapter doth declare. And now I thinke it conuenient to make certaine Tables, to shewe vnto you at what houre and time any of these starres be vpon the Meridian, whereby they maye the better knowe these Starres. I will also shewe vnto you howe long any of these Starres doe shyne or tarry aboue the Horizon in this Latitude from the Equinoctiall of London, that is at .51. or 52. degrees. And also at what poynte of the compasse any of these Starres do ryse or set, which will serue this .100. years without much error.

¶ A Table to knowe the rysing and setting of these Starres, by vvhat poynt of the cō passe, and howe many houres they be aboue our Horizon, the Pole being raysed .51. or .52. degrees.

THe Whales backe ryseth East and by South, and vnto the Southwards: and shyneth .10. houres and better.

The Whales belly (in a maner) as the whales backe.

The Rammes Horne riseth Easte Northeast, and setteth Weast Northwest: and shineth .15. houres .16. minuts.

The Rammes Heade ryseth East Northeast, and setteth Weast Northwest: and shineth .16. hours .4. minuts.

The Bulles Eye ryseth neare the Easte Northeast, and setteth neare the West Northwest: and shyneth .15. houres 2. minutes.

[Page]The Orions left foote riseth neare the East and by South, and setteth neare the West and by Southe: and shineth .10. houres and .6. minuts.

The Orions lefte shoulder ryseth East and to the Northwardes, and setteth West and to the Northwardes: and shineth .12. houres .45. minuts.

The firste in Orions girdle doth rise a little to the Southwardes of the East, and setteth a little to the Southwardes of the West: and shineth .11. houres .46. minuts.

Orions right shoulder riseth East, & vnto the Norwardes, and setteth West and vnto the Norwardes: and shineth .13. houres .12. minuts.

The great Dogge riseth East Southeast, & setteth West Southwest: and shineth .9. houres.

The lesser Dogge riseth Easte and vnto the Norwardes, & setteth West & vnto the Norwardes: & shineth .13. h. 10. min.

The brightest in Hydra ryseth Easte and vnto the Southwardes, and setteth West and vnto the Southwardes: and shineth .11. houres .7. minutes.

The Lions necke riseth East Northeast and to the Norwardes, and setteth West Norwest and to the Norwardes: and shineth .16. houres .16. minutes.

The Lyons hart riseth neare the East Northeast, and setteth neare the West Norwest: & shineth .14. houres .50. min.

The Lions backe riseth neare the Northeast and by East, and setteth neare the Norwest and by West: and shineth .16. houres .26. minutes.

The Lions tayle riseth neare the East Northeast, & setteth neare the West Norwest: and shineth .15. houres .12. minutes.

The Rauens head ryseth neare the East Southeast, and setteth neare the West Southwest: & shineth .8. hours .12. min.

The Rauens wing riseth neare the East Southeast, and setteth neare the West Southwest: & shineth .8. hours .50. mi.

The Virgins spike riseth East & to the Southwards, & setteth West & to the Southwards: & shineth .11. houres .4. min.

[Page 54]Betwéene Bootes thyes riseth neare the Northeast and by East, and setteth neare the Northwest and by West, and shineth .16. houres .20. minutes.

The South Ballance ryseth neare the East Southeast, and setteth neare the West Southwest: and shineth .9. houres .36. minutes.

The North ballance riseth neare the East & by South, and setteth neare the west & by South: and shineth .10. hou. 38. min.

The Scorpions heart riseth neare the Southeast and by East, & setteth neare the Southwest & by West: and shineth 7. houres .5. minutes.

Hercules head riseth neare the East Northeast, and setteth neare the West Northwest: & shineth .14. houres .56. min.

The Serpēts head riseth neare the east northeast, & setteth neare the west northwest: & shineth .14. houres .40. minutes.

The Eagle riseth neare the East and by North, and setteth neare the West & by North: and shineth .13. houres .24. min.

The Dolphines tayle riseth East and by north, and setteth west & by North: and shineth .15. houres .57. minutes.

The Goates tayle riseth neare the East southeast, & setteth West southwest: and shineth .9. houres .20. minutes.

The water pourers leg riseth neare the East Southeast, & setteth West southwest: and shineth .8. houres .54. minutes.

Pegasus shoulders riseth neare the East Northeast, & setteth neare the West northwest: & shineth .14. houres, 32. minutes.

Pegasus legge riseth neare Northeast, and setteth neare Northwest: and shineth .17. houres .6. minutes.

The Whales tayle riseth East Southeast, & setteth West Southwest: and shineth .7. houres .48. minutes.

Furthermore if you desire to know the time of any of these starres, beeing aboue the Horizon in all Latitudes,The .11. chapter will shewe howe long any of these stars wil shine in all places, then repayre to the .11. chapter: so you shall know it there by their declination: euen by the same order that you know the sunnes béeing aboue the Horizon, by the sunnes declination.

[Page] [Page] [Page] [Page] [Page]

A Table of the fixed Starres.
These stars being south from the first day of Ianuary vnto the .15. day.				Ianuary frō the 15. day to y^e last.			February from y^e 5. vnto the .15.			February from y^e 15. to the last.			March from the first to the .15.			March from the 15. to the last.			Aprill from the first day to the .15			Aprill from the 15. day to the last			May from the first to the .15.			May from the 15. day to the last			Iune from the first to the. .15.			Iune from y^e 15. day to the last.			Iuly from the first to the .15.			Iuly from y^e .15. day to the last.			August from y^e first to the .15.			August from the 15. day to y^e last.			Septēber from y^e 1. vnto y^e .15. day.			Septēber from y^e 15. to y^e last day.			October frō the 1. to the .15. day.			October from y^e 15. day to the last			Nouember from y^e first to the .15.			Nouember the 15. day to the last			December from y^e first to the .15.			December from y^e .15. to the [...].
1	Whales backe.	5.20	E	1	4.20	DA	1	3.20	DA	1	2.20	DA	1	1.20	DA	1	12 20	DA	1	11.20	MD	1	10.20	MD	1	9.20	MD	1	8.20	MD	1	7.20	MD	1	6.20	MD	1	5.20	MD	1	4.20	M	1	3.20	M	1	2.20	M	1	1.20	M	1	12.20	M	1	11.20	E	1	10.20	E	1	9.20	E	1	8.20	E	1	7.20	E	1	6.20	E
2	Whales [...]elly.	5.54	E	2	4.54	DA	2	3.54	DA	2	2.54	DA	2	1.54	DA	2	12.54	DA	2	11.54	MD	2	10.54	MD	2	9.54	MD	2	8.54	MD	2	7.54	MD	2	6.54	MD	2	5.54	MD	2	4.54	MD	2	3.54	M	2	2.54	M	2	1.54	M	2	12.54	M	2	11.54	E	2	14.54	E	2	9.54	E	2	8.54	E	2	7.54	E	2	6.54	E
3	Rammes horne.	6 28	E	3	5.28	E	3	4 28	DA	3	3 28	DA	3	2.28	DA	3	1.28	DA	3	12 28	DA	3	11.28	MD	3	10.28	MD	3	9.28	MD	3	8.28	MD.	3	7.28	MD	3	6.28	MD	3	5.28	MD	3	4.28	M	3	3.28	M	3	2.28	M	3	1.28	M	3	12.28	M	3	11.28	E	3	10.28	E	3	9.28	E	3	8.28	E	3	7.28	E
4	Rammes head.	6.45	E	4	5.45	E	4	4 45	DA	4	3.45	DA	4	2.45	DA	4	1.45	DA	4	12 45	DA	4	11.45	MD	4	10.45	MD	4	9.45	MD	4	8.45	MD	4	7.45	MD	4	6.45	MD	4	5.45	MD	4	4.45	MD	4	3.45	M	4	2.45	M	4	1.45	M	4	12.45	M	4	11.45	E	4	10.45	E	4	9.45	E	4	8.45	E	4	7.45	E
5	Bulles eye.	8.52	E	5	7.52	E	5	6.52	E	5	5.52	DA	5	4.52	DA	5	3.52	DA	5	2.52	DA	5	1.52	DA	5	12.52	DA	5	11.52	MD	5	10.52	MD	5	9.52	MD	5	8.52	MD	5	7.52	MD	5	6.52	MD	5	5.52	MD	5	4.52	M	5	3.52	M	5	2.52	M	5	1.52	M	5	12.52	M	5	11.52	E	5	10.52	E	5	9.52	E
6	Orions left fote.	9.23	E	6	8.23	E	6	7.23	E	6	6.23	E	6	5.23	DA	6	4.23	DA	6	3.23	DA	6	2.23	DA	6	1.23	DA	6	12.23	DA	6	11.23	MD	6	10.23	MD	6	9.23	MD	6	8.23	MD	6	7.23	MD	6	6.23	MD	6	5.23	M	6	4.23	M	6	3.23	M	6	2.23	M	6	1.23	M	6	12 23	M	6	11.23	E	6	10.23	E
7	Orions left shoulder.	9.28	E	7	8.28	E	7	7.28	E	7	6.28	E	7	5.28	DA	7	4 28	DA	7	3 28	DA	7	2.28	DA	7	1.28	DA	7	12.28	DA	7	11.28	MD	7	10.28	MD	7	9.28	MD	7	8.28	MD	7	7.28	MD	7	6.28	MD	7	5.28	M	7	4.28	M	7	3.28	M	7	2.28	M	7	1 28	M	7	12.28	M	7	11.28	E	7	10.28	E
8	First Orions girdle.	9.50	E	8	8 50	E	8	7.50	E	8	6.50	E	8	5.50	DA	8	4.50	DA	8	3.50	DA	8	2.50	DA	8	1.50	DA	8	12.50	DA	8	11.50	MD	8	10.50	MD	8	9.50	MD	8	8.50	MD	8	7.50	MD	8	6.50	MD	8	5.50	MD	8	4.50	M	8	3.50	M	8	2.50	M	8	1.50	M	8	12 50	M	8	11.50	[...]	8	10 50	E
9	Orions right shoulder	10.12	E	9	9.12	E	9	8.12	E	9	7 12	E	9	6.12	E	9	5.12	DA	9	4 12	DA	9	3.12	DA	9	2.12	DA	9	1.12	DA	9	12.12	DA	9	11.12	MD	9	10.12	MD	9	9.12	MD	9	8.12	MD	9	7.12	MD	9	6.12	MD	9	5.12	M	9	4.12	M	9	3.12	M	9	2.12.	M	9	1.12	M	9	12.12	M	9	11.12	E
10	Great Dogge.	11.4	E	10	10.4	E	10	9.4	E	10	8.4	E	10	7.4	E	10	6.4	DA	10	5.4	DA	10	4 4	DA	10	3 4	DA	10	2.4	DA	10	1.4	DA	10	12.4	DA	10	11.4	MD	10	10.4	MD	10	9.4	MD	10	8.4	MD	10	7.4	MD	10	6.4	MD	10	5.4	M	10	4.4	M	10	3.4	M	10	2.4	M	10	14	M	10	12.4	M
11	Lesser Dogge.	12.0		11	11.0	E	11	10.0	E	11	9.0	E	11	8.0	E	11	7.0	E	11	6.0	DA	11	5.0	DA	11	4.0	DA	11	3.0	DA	11	2.0	DA	11	1.0	DA	11	12.0		11	11.0	MD	11	10.0	MD	11	9.0	MD	11	8.0	MD	11	7.0	MD	11	6.0	M	11	5.0	M	11	4.0	M	11	3.0	M	11	2.0	M	11	1.0	M
12	Brightest in Hydra.	12 4	M	12	11.4	E	12	10.4	E	12	9.4	E	12	8.4	E	12	7.4	E	12	6.4	DA	12	5.4	DA	12	4.4	DA	12	3.4	DA	12	2.4	DA	12	1.4	DA	12	12.4	DA	12	11.4	MD	12	10.4	MD	12	9.4	MD	12	8.4	MD	12	7.4	MD	12	6.4	M	12	5.4	M	12	4 4	M	12	3 4	M	12	2.4	M	12	1.4	M
13	Lyons necke.	2.12	M	13	1.12	M	13	12.12	M	13	11.12	E	13	10.12	E	13	9.12	E	13	8.12	E	13	7.12	DA	13	6 12	DA	13	5.12	DA	13	4.12	DA	13	3 12	DA	13	2.12	DA	13	1.12	DA	13	12.12	DA	13	11.12	MD	13	10.12	MD	13	9.12	MD	13	8.12	MD	13	7.12	MD	[...]3	6.12	M	13	5 12	M	13	4.12	M	13	2 12	M
14	Lyons heart.	2.13	M	14	1.13	M	14	12 13	M	14	11.13	E	14	10.13	E	14	9.13	E	14	8.13	E	14	7.13	DA	14	6.13	DA	14	5.13	DA	14	4.13	DA	14	3.13	DA	14	2.13	DA	14	1.13	DA	14	12.13	DA	14	11.13	MD	14	10.13	MD	14	9.13	MD	14	8.13	MD	14	7.13	MD	14	6 13	M	14	5.13	M	14	4.13	M	14	2.13	M
15	Lyons backe.	3.0	M	15	2.0	M	15	1 0	M	15	12.0		15	11.0	E	15	10.0	E	15	9.0	E	15	8.0	E	15	7.0	DA	15	6.0	DA	15	5.0	DA	15	4.0	DA	15	3.0	DA	15	2.0	DA	15	1.0	DA	15	12.0		15	11.0	MD	15	10.0	MD	15	9.0	MD	15	8.0	MD	15	7.0	M	15	6.0	M	15	5.0	M	15	4.0	M
16	Lyons tayle.	3.42	M	16	2.42	M	16	1.42	M	16	12.42	M	16	11.42	E	16	10.42	E	16	9.42	E	16	8.42	E	16	7.42	DA	16	6.42	DA	16	5.42	DA	16	4.42.	DA	16	3.42	DA	16	2.42	DA	16	1.42	DA	16	12.42	DA	16	11.42	MD	16	10.42	MD	16	9.42	MD	16	8.42	MD	16	7.42	MD	16	6.42	M	16	5.42	M	16	4.42.	M
17	Rauens head.	5.2	M	17	4 2	M	17	3.2	M	17	2.2	M	17	1.2	M	17	12.2	M	17	11.2	E	17	10.2	E	17	9.2	E	17	8.2	DA	17	7.2	DA	17	6.2	DA	17	5.2	DA	17	4.2	DA	17	3.2	DA	17	2.2	DA	17	1.2	DA	17	12.2	DA	17	11.2	MD	17	10.2	MD	17	9.2	MD	17	8.2	MD	17	7.2	M	17	6.2	M
18	Rauens wing.	5.19	M	18	4.19	M	18	3.19	M	18	2.19	M	18	1.19	M	18	12.19	M	18	11.19	E	18	10.19	E	18	9.19	E	18	8.19	DA	18	7.19	DA	18	6.19	DA	18	5.19	DA	18	4.19	DA	18	3.19	DA	18	2.19	DA	18	1.19	DA	18	12.19.	DA	18	11.19	MD	18	10.19	MD	18	9.19	MD	18	8.19	MD	18	7.19	M	18	6.19	M
19	Virgins spike.	5.51	M	19	4.51	M	19	3.51	M	19	2.51	M	19	1.51	M	19	12.51	M	19	11.51	E	19	10.51	E	19	9.51	E	19	8.51	DA	19	7.51	DA	19	6.51	DA	19	5.51	DA	19	4.51	DA	19	3.51	DA	19	2.51	DA	19	1.51	DA	19	12.51	DA	19	11.51	MD	19	10.51	MD	19	9.51	MD	19	8.51	MD	19	7.51	MD	19	6.51	M
20	twixt Bootes thighs.	5.56	M	20	4.56	M	20	3.56	M	20	2.56	M	20	1.56	M	20	12.56	M	20	11.56	E	20	10.56	E	20	9.56	E	20	8.56	DA	20	7.56	DA	20	6.56	DA	20	5.56	DA	20	4.56	DA	20	3.56	DA	20	2.56	DA	20	1.56	DA	20	12.56	DA	20	11.56	MD	20	10.56	MD	20	9.56	MD	20	8.56	MD	20	7.56	MD	[...]0	6.56	M
21	South balance.	7.16	M	21	6.16	M	21	5.16	M	21	4.16	M	21	3.16	M	21	2.16	M	21	1.16	M	21	12.16	M	21	11.16	E	21	10.16	E	21	9.16	DA	21	8.16	DA	21	7.16	DA	21	6.16	DA	21	5.16	DA	21	4.16	DA	21	3.16	DA	21	2.16	DA	21	1.16	DA	21	12.16	DA	21	11.16	MD	21	10.16	MD	21	9.16	MD	21	8.16	MD
22	North balance.	7 33	MD	22	6.33	M	22	5.33	M	22	4.33	M	22	3.33	M	22	2.33	M	22	1.33	M	22	12.33	M	22	11.33	E	22	10.33	E	22	9.33	DA	22	8.33	DA	22	7.33	DA	22	6.33	DA	22	5.33	DA	22	4.33	DA	22	3.33	DA	22	2.33	DA	22	1.33	DA	22	12 33	DA	22	11.33	MD	22	10.33	MD	22	9.33	MD	22	8.33	MD
23	Scorpions heart.	8.54	MD	23	7.54	MD	23	6.54	M	23	5.54	M	23	4.54	M	23	3.54	M	23	2.54	M	23	1.54	M	23	12.54	M	23	11.54	E	23	10.54	E	23	9.54	DA	23	8.54	DA	23	7.54	DA	23	6.54	DA	23	5.54	DA	23	4.54	DA	23	3.54	DA	23	2.54	DA	23	1.54	DA	23	12.54	DA	23	11.54	MD	23	10.54	MD	23	9.54	MD
24	Hercules head.	9.14	MD	24	8.14	MD	24	7.14	MD	24	6.14	M	24	5.14	M	24	4 14	M	24	3.14	M	24	2.14	M	24	1.14	M	24	12.14	M	24	11.14	E	24	10.14	E	24	9.14	E	24	8.14	E	24	7.14	DA	24	6.14	DA	24	5.14	DA	24	4.14	DA	24	3.14	DA	24	2.14	DA	24	1.14	DA	24	12.14	DA	24	11.14	MD	24	10.14	MD
25	Serpents head.	9.41	MD	25	8.41	MD	25	7 41	MD	25	6.41	M	25	5.41	M	25	4.41	M	25	3 41	M	25	2.41	M	25	1.41	M	25	12.41	M	25	11.41	E	25	10.41	E	25	9.41	E	25	8.41	E	25	7.41	DA	25	6.41	DA	25	5.41	DA	25	4.41	DA	25	3 41	DA	25	2.41	DA	25	1 41	DA	25	12.41	DA	25	11.41	MD	25	10.41	MD
26	The Eagle.	12.19	DA	26	11.19	MD	26	10 19	MD	26	9.19	MD	26	8.19	MD	26	7.19	MD	26	6.19	MD	26	5.19	MD	26	4.19	M	26	3.19	M	26	2.19	M	26	1.19	M	26	12.19	M	26	11.19	E	26	10.19	E	26	9.19	E	26	8.19	E	26	7 19	E	26	6.19	E	26	5.19	DA	26	4.19	DA	26	3.19	DA	26	2.19	DA	26	1.19	DA
27	Dolphins tayle.	1.12	DA	27	12.12	DA	27	11 12	MD	27	10.12	MD	27	9.12	MD	27	8.12	MD	27	7.12	MD	27	6.12	MD	27	5.12	MD	27	4.12	MD	27	3.12	M	27	2.12	M	27	1.12	M	27	12.12	M	27	11.12	E	27	10.12	E	27	9.12	E	27	8.12	E	27	7.12	E	[...]7	6 12	E	27	5.12	E	27	4.12	E	27	3.12	DA	27	2.12	DA
28	Goates tayle.	1.48	DA	28	12.48	DA	28	11.48	MD	28	10.48	MD	28	9.48	MD	28	8.48	MD	28	7.48	MD	28	6.48	MD	28	5.48.	MD	28	4.48	MD	28	3.48	M	28	2.48	M	28	1.48	M	28	12.48	M	28	11.48	E	28	10.48	E	28	9.48	E	28	8.48	E	28	7.48	E	28	6.48	E	28	5.48	E	28	4.48	E	28	3.48	DA	28	2.48	DA
29	Water pourers leg.	2.48	DA	29	1.48	DA	29	12.48	DA	29	11.48	MD	29	10.48	MD	29	9.48	MD	29	8.48	MD	29	7.48	MD	29	6 48	MD	29	5.48	MD	29	4.48	MD	29	3.48	M	29	2.48	M	29	1.48	M	29	12.48	M	29	11.48	E	29	10.48	E	29	9.48	E	29	8.48	E	29	7.48	E	29	6.48	E	29	5.48	E	29	4.48	E	29	3.48	DA
30	Pegasus shoulder.	3.47	DA	30	2 47	DA	30	1 47	DA	30	12.47	DA	30	11.47	MD	30	10.47	MD	30	9.47	MD	30	8.47	MD	30	7.47	MD	30	6.47	MD	30	5.47	MD	30	4.47	MD	30	3.47	M	30	2.47	M	30	1.47	M	30	12.47	M	30	11.47	E	30	10.47	E	30	9.47	E	3 [...]	8.47	E	30	7.47	E	30	6.47	E	30	5.47	E	30	4 47	E
31	Pegasus legge.	4.12	DA	31	3 12	DA	31	2.12	DA	31	1.12	DA	31	12.12	DA	31	11.12	MD	31	10.12	MD	31	9.12	MD	31	8.12	MD	31	7.12	MD	31	6.12	MD	31	5.12	MD	31	4.12	MD	31	3.12	M	31	2.12	M	31	1.12	M	31	12.12	M	31	11.12	E	31	10.12	E	31	9.12	E	31	8.12	E	31	7.12	E	31	6.12	E	31	5.12	E
32	Whales tayle.	4.24	DA	32	3.24	DA	32	2.24	DA	32	1.24	DA	32	12.24	DA	32	11.24	D M	32	10 24	MD	32	9.24	MD	32	8.24	MD	32	7.24	MD	32	6.24	MD	32	5.24	MD	32	4.24	MD	32	3.24	M	32	2.24	M	32	1.24	M	32	12.24	M	32	11.24	E	32	10.24	E	32	9.24	E	32	8.24	E	22	7.24	E	32	6.24	E	32	5.24	E

[Page 57]NOw this table serueth for euery monthe in the yere (béeing exactly calculated) the time of their béeing South, or touching your Meridiā or (as some terme it) Noonestead, seruing very well the Seamen to take the heigth of them with their instruments vpon the Sea, referring it vnto the table of declination that goeth before: the first is the houres, the secōd the minutes, the thirde be the letters that shewe you whether they be South by day or by night, in the euening or morning, in the forenoone or after noone,The signification of the letters in the table. of which the letter E doth signifie Euening, the letter M. signifieth Morning, the letters DM. signifieth day in the Morning, and the letters DA. signifieth day in the after noone (as I sayde before) the very houre and minute of their beeing South. Nowe you sée that I haue put to their beeing South in the day as well as in the nighte, to the intent to knowe the houre of the night as well by their setting, as also by your compasse, which I shewed you in the first chapter or rule, namely to bring your .32. poyntes into 24. houres: and in like maner in the fourth chapter by shining of the Moone to diuide the shining into two equall partes, then those parts (béeing equally deuided with the houre & minutes) and the time before their béeing South, put togither, the halfe that shineth and that, sheweth the iust rising of those starres: and the other time of their shining after their béeing South, sheweth their setting (as I declared in the rule of the shining of the Moone.) Nowe you, séeing the table runneth from the first day of euery monthe to the .15. and from the .15. to the last daye, muste consider (if you will knowe the exacte time betwixte the first day & the .15. day, or betwixt the .15. day, and the last) to do this, looke how many dayes of the monthe is passe eyther from the first day, or .15. day, and pull foure minutes from that number: for so many days as is past, for euery day that shall shew you the true time of their beeing South. That knowne, you shall doe (as is aforesayde) for their rising and setting.

[Page]

¶The .21. Chapter sheweth you the making of a generall instrument, to know the houre of the day by, throughout all the worlde.

NOwe for the making of your instruments for the Sea, with their vses, you shall repayre to the booke of Nauigation made by Martin Curtise a Spaniarde, Imprinted by M. Iugge Printer to the Quéenes Maiestie: else I woulde haue shewed you the making of diuers instruments, as also the making of the equinoctiall diall with his vse, whiche is very profitable to knowe the houre of the day by, in all latitudes through the whole worlde, for your compasse is not to knowe the houre of the day by in Sommer, neyther in the Morning nor Euening, neyther can you knowe when the Moone is east or West, she hauing North declination, as béeing in the signe of Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, or Leo: bicause your compasse standeth flatte as dothe your Horizon.The sunne and moone doth giue a full shadow by the compasse. The Equinoctiall diall giueth a true shadowe all the world ouer. Wherfore it is very good for Sea menne to vse the Equinoctiall dials, for that it sheweth them the true houre of the day in all Latitudes, and also the Moone dothe giue a true shadowe in that Diall in all Latitudes, for I doe knowe that Sea men are very many times deceyued where it dothe flowe an East and West Moone, or any poynt betwéene the Southeast and Northeast. Bicause in setting the Moone with their compasse (beeing in the North signes) she séemeth to be East by the Compasse, when she is neare the East Southeast in hir course: and in like manner when the Moone seemeeth West by the compasse she shall be a little more than West Southwest in hir course: which is a very perilous matter vnto them that should put into a tide,A perilous matter. harborowe, or hauen, where he knoweth there is water inough for him if that he dothe come at a full Sea, and then by the error of the Moones shadowe of the compasse he is deceyued: and when he findeth the error he thinketh that the cause thereof commeth by the occasion [Page 58] of some storme of wynde that is lyke to followe, imputing vnto it that the tyde dothe not kéepe hys course, whereas the very cause groweth by no other meanes but of receyuing a false shadowe by the Horizontall compasse: and especially if the Moone be neare hir greatest declination vnto the North partes, that is, in the signe of Gemini and Cancer. And also that effect is most preferred if the Dragons head be in the beginning of the signe of Aries: for that then if the Moone be in the beginning of Cancer, she shall haue .5. degrées more in declination from the Equinoctiall, than the sunne shall haue at their greatest declination vnto the North partes: so that reseruing the Moones Paralex, which is according vnto the Latitude of any place that the Moone shal be declined .28. degrées and a halfe vnto the North part of the Equinoctiall: so that for auoyding of these infirmities,The moone may decline 28. degrees and a halfe from the Equinoctiall. I woulde wishe them to vse the Equinoctiall dials. And furthermore I do thinke that the Equinoctiall dials be not vsed amongst our Mariners héere in Englande for that the charges is so muche in the making of them, & yet it serueth no other turne but to know the houre of the day, & to shew the true shadowe of the Moone. I haue not knowne thē vsed by any English Master or Pylot, but only by one man, which person had not it for the proper vse therof, but rather had it, to say that he had suche an instrument as no English man had the like, & to bragge that he had such an instrument that he could do great feates therewith in the going of long viages. &c.Of mē that wil haue instruments, and knowe not the vse of them. I would haue no man offended with me. I know the nature and qualitie of some that take charge: they will haue instruments & other things thervnto apperteyning, & yet they thē selues do not know y^e vse of thē, yet they will seeme to be cunning, & that they néede no instructiōs of any man, for that they know all things, & yet in respect know nothing. (But notwithstanding) I would wish them that be Sea faring men to vse them selues to the Equinoctiall dials: for that they doe serue two notable turnes, as well at home in these our chanels, as also in long viages: they [Page] may make them with a very easie charge: for whereas in the Arte of Nauigation it is shewed howe to make them in brasse, they may make them with wood in this manner: take a péece of bordes ende of sixe inches broad,An easie waye to make an equinoctiall diall with little charge more or lesse at your discretion, and halfe an inche in thicknesse, then hauing cutte it rounde, and playned it smoothe, you maye eyther graue in it the .32. poyntes of the compasse, or else paynt them vpon it with some colours, with the .24. houres vpon bothe the sides: as this figure sheweth.

[figure]

That done take a wyre of iust the Diameter of the Instrument, and put it through the middle or centre of the Instrument, then make it faste that the one ende be halfe way thoroughe on the one side, and the other halfe on the other side, this done make a frame with thrée péeces of bordes endes to [Page 59] hang the diall or instrument vpō, with one pinne on the East poynt and an other on the West poynt: then take an other peece of boardes endes being square, and with a payre of compasses strike a quarter of a circle of iuste the bignesse of the quarter of the diall, and cutte all that away, and then the rest of the square that is left, (at the edge of the quarter of the circle) deuide into .90. equall partes, marking it thus .10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.90. as in this

[figure]

forme: last of all let this be placed in the middle of the frame, so that .90. may stand right vnder the verie middle of the diall and there made fast, in suche forme that the very ende of the wyer when the diall is put vp and downe may touche the hollow parte that you see cut away, which is called the Directer, and so it is finished, and will stand altogether in this forme.

The Equinoctiall Diall.

[Page]The vse of this Diall is moste necessarie in a shippe, for that you haue occasions to transporte your selues into all the clymates. And to know the true houre of the day doe this: set this Diall by your compasse (the Directer vnto the Southewardes) and then (you knowing how hie the pole is aboue the Horizon) set the ende of the wyer right against that degrée in the directer, and the other ende of the wier will poynt iuste vnto the pole, then looke what shadowe the wyer doth giue by the Sunne, that is the true houre of the daye. In lyke manner you may know the true houre of the night by the Moones shadowe, and also the Moone will giue a true shadowe of hir place. &c.

¶The .22. Chapter treateth of the soundings, commyng from any place out of the Occident Sea, to seeke Vshant or the Lyzarde, and so all alongst till you come to the coaste of Flaunders: with other necessarie matters to be knowne, to them that be Channellers, that doth occupie, or deale amongst sandes, bankes, or such other like.

BIcause it is necessarie to be had in memorie, for that it is a daūgerous place to hitte or fall with, to enter into y^e Sleue, comming homewardes out of Spaine or Portugall, or from Barbarie, or any other place from the Southwards, a shippe that commeth frō any such place to séeke the Ile of Vshant, or the Lizarde in this roote of sounding of a . [...]00. or .90. fadoms shall finde bigge soundings, and shall be neare aboute to the seames.The sounding neare vnto Vshāt and the Lizarde. In the roote of .80. fadoms you shal find cockle shelles, and dentes in the talow of the leade: & in this sounding holde on your course to the North till you chaunge sounding, then if you be at .60. or .64. fadom, you shall finde small sand and Mathey grounde, and shall be neare the coaste of Vshant. If you haue time and day goe séeke it in the Northeast, and you shall [Page 60] be aboute .10. leagues from the Ile. If you come making your course aboute Basefréede, you shall finde course sande, red and browne, and you shall haue sounding at .40. fadom: if you be towardes the banke of Silley, you shall haue soundings at 86. or .90. fadom, & you shall finde in the tallow stonie ground and shall be well shotte towards the banke of Silley. When you be at .80. fadome you shall finde small blacke sande, and shall be well towardes the Lizarde. When you be at .60. or 64. fadome, you shall finde white sande & white softe wormes, and shall be verie nie to the Lizarde. Betwéene the cape of Cornewall and Vshant amidde the channell, you shall finde 70. fadome, & neare inough. Betwéene Dodman & the Forne in the channell you shall haue .40. or .50. fadome. If you be thwarte of Plimmouth or the Starte, you shal finde streamie ground & dentes in the tallowe, & soundings .41. or .42. fadoms. At the cōming from Portland you shall haue .35. fadoms, and small shingels. And when you be nie to Portland .30. fadoms,The sounding in the channell. & stones like beanes: & this sounding will last till S. Aldam, & in the sayd soundings you shall find white stones like brokē Aules, & other that be bigger, & then you shalbe thwarte of S. Aldam or of the Ile of Wight. Two or 3. leagues frō the Ile of Wight, you shall finde .25. fadome, with dentes & cleftes in the tallow like smal thréedes .2. or .3. leagues frō the Caskettes you shall finde .40. fadome & bigge stones ragged and blacke. Betwéene the Ile of wight & the hagge, the deepest is but .35. or .40. fadome. Betwéene the Ile of Wight & Lantergate the déepest is but .25. or .30. fadome. Betwéene Beachy & the Ile of Wight, a league from the land, you shall finde .38. fadome, and poppell as bigge as beanes. Betwéene Fairely and the water of Summe in the déepest but .25. fadom. Betwéene Folkestone and Bollayne is a banke that is called Rippe rappe: and lieth in the midde way betwéene Pickardie and Englande: and harde aborde by it, is .26. or .27. fadome. In the straights of Calice is .30. fadom, in the roade of Calice is .16. fadom. And alongst the coast of Flaunders is but .20. fadome the déepest. [Page] Thus muche haue I sayde for the entrance of the Sléeue, to come to the riuer of Thames,The higth of the pole at the entrāce of the Sleeue. and in the entrance in the midway betwéene Vshant and the Lizarde the pole Articke is eleuated .50. degrées and a halfe, and the Equinoctiall is lifted aboue the Horyzon .39. degrees and a halfe. And furthermore for them that are channellers and occupiers amongst sandes and banckes, and such other like, they muste haue consideracion of these things followyng.Necessary things to be noted for thē that are Chānellers & dealers amongst sandes. As this: firste (if you knowe how the channell doth lie right betwéene any .2. sandes) you must view the land to take some markes for it, in this manner to be a leadyng marke. And that you shall do thus: looke something that standeth farre into the lande, that you may knowe it well being right open with the channell of the sandes, then take an other marke neare vnto the water side, and the one to be right agaynst the other, when that you be in the middle of the channell, and then you knowing these twoo markes well, they will be leading markes vnto you for euer to keepe that channell. And then furthermore if it dothe so happen that the channell doth turne to kéepe an other course, or els (some other daunger lying in the way) you muste haue a thwarte marke to know bothe when that you are cleare of any daunger, and also when that you are open of an other channell, and that you shall do as before is declared, to take some marke within the lande, and also an other neare vnto the sea, water or riuer side, to be your thwarte marke when you bring them both together. And this is moste specially to be noted: that these markes be very yare and good when the one is farre distant from the other: and those markes very slowe and asketh some distance in sayling to open and shette them, whiche are neare together vpon the lande. And furthermore, for them that are Channellers or occupiers amongest sandes, for that the weather is not alwaies cleare, when they haue occasion to passe thorowe suche places, it is good for them to sounde the channelles perfitely, and to know by the depthe, what side of the channell they are vpon, and also howe farre [Page 61] they are shotte into that channell. And also in like manner to know by the sounding of any of the sides of the channell, whether they be neare any of the sandes or daungers, or any breadth of: for y^t some sandes or daūgers there be hauing fayre or good soundings or shaldings, that they may borrowe of and on at their pleasure. There be againe some sandes and daungers that there is no borrowing nor sounding of them, and those be neall or déepe, harde vnto the sandes or daungers: for that the water is déepe harde vnto the sande: and these are verie daungerous sandes for any shippe to come neare, for that they shall haue the water verie déepe, and by and by be a grounde. Yet furthermore it is very good for them that be channellers and occupiers amongst sandes, to know whiche way the tide doth set at euery time of the tide: for that many times it happeneth so, that when the sandes be vnder the water, the tide doth set crosse the channell, which is a daungerous matter if it be not very well considered by the Master or Pilote. &c.

¶The .23. Chapter, is as touching the variatiō of the Compasse, called the Northeasting and the Norwesting of the Compasse: and how to giue a gesse to know the Longitude.

AS touching the variation of the cōpasse called the Northeasting or Norwesting, it is supposed that the Compasse doth varie by proportiō, in the sayling to the Eastwards or Westwardes: and (as I haue declared in the end of the .6. chapter) if it varieth by proportion that the Northpoint is varied one poynt from the North at .22. degrees and a halfe,Of the cō passe to varie by euen proportion. and so vntill the North point doth stande Northeast or Norwest. And that is, when you are .90. degrées from the Meridian that the compas was made at to the Eastwardes or Westwards. Some also are of an other opiniō, that the compas doth varie [Page] by no proportion,Of the cō passe to vary by no proportion. but dothe varie according vnto the nature of some kinde of mineralles, that is, in some countrie or some kynde of Ilandes, that drawe the Compasse by the mines of the Loade stone or Magnes stone that they tauche their compasse with when they make them. And furthermore the booke of Martine Curtise, (called the arte of Nauigation) sayeth that the compasse doth varie by proportion, in this mā ner: which is, by the proportion of a circle: for that the North poynt dothe alwayes poynt vnto a place in the heauens that is vnmoueable, and therefore as you do transporte your selfe to the Eastwarde or Westwarde, the North poynt doth still poynt vnto that place in the heauen:Of y^e compasse to varie according vnto the proportion of a circle, that is swiftly & slowly. wherefore (as he sayeth) when you be .90. degrées in Longitude from the place of the making of your compasse, that is, when you be one quarter of the circumference of the earth, in that paralell the compasse will be varied .4. poynts from the North: and as you do transporte your selfe further, then the Northe poynt of the compasse will come nearer and nearer vnto the North: and when you are iust halfe the circumference of the earth, that then the North poynt will stande due Northe vpon the pole agayne: for that you are come to the same Meridian againe vpon the opposite part of the earth, (as it doth appeare in the third part and .5. chapter, of the saide booke of Martine Curtise) but if that be true then the compasse doth varie swiftely at the first and slowly afterwardes in order like vnto the Sunnes declination: by whiche (if it be true) they may very well knowe what order the compasse doth varie by, and so by the variation you may giue an neare estimation of the Longitude, and knowe in howe many degrées the compasse is varied one poynte, twoo poynts, thrée poynts, and so the greatest variation whiche is foure poynts. Nowe to know the proportion doe this: Firste, make a circle with a payre of compasses, and stryke a Line by the Center to the circumference, which shall be your Meridian lyne, then stryke an other lyne by the Center a crosse, that you may deuide the circle into foure [Page 62] equall partes,To know in how many degrees goyng but the Eastwarde or Westwarde that the cō passe doth varie one poynt or .2. points or .3. points. &c. and then (for that fourtie fiue degrées is the greatest variation) sette fourtie fiue vnto the Easte parte and West parte, deuidyng euery one of the quarters of the circle into fourtie fiue equall partes, accordyng to the greatest variation then make an other circle of that Diameter, that the circumference touche the Center of that Circle: and deuide it as you deuide the Compasse after the rate of twoo and thirtie poyntes although you néede not deuide but that side to the Norwardes, and then the Northeast and Norwest point will fall vpon fourtie fiue degrées: that done drawe lynes accordyng to the poyntes of the Compasse vnto the Eastwardes or Westwardes, and looke howe they fall vpon the lyne that commeth from the Center of the other Circle of whiche euery quarter is diuided into fourtie fiue equall partes: and then (at the very place that the lyne doothe touche) drawe paralell lynes in that Circle by proportion, at the very place to the Eastewardes or Westwardes that the lyne of the Compasse falleth vpon: and that will shewe you iustly howe many degrées you shall transporte your selfe vnto the Eastwardes or Westwardes, for the varying of the firste poynte, seconde poynte, and thirde poynte, and in lyke manner the greatest variation whiche is the fourthe poynte. So that (accordyng to that order) it will fall out in this manner, that the Compasse will be varied one point at neare eleuen and ⅓. To knowe how many degrees is in the varying of one poynt. It will be varied two poyntes neare aboute foure and twentie degrées and a halfe. It will be varied thrée poyntes at fourtie twoo degrées, and aboute a halfe. But it will not be varied the fourth point vntill you be full foure score and tenne degrées from the Meridian that the compasse was made at: whiche is a very slow varying beyng .47. degrées and ½ before the Compasse dothe varie one poynt, and betwéene the thirde poynt and the seconde poynt beyng .18. degrées for the varying of that poynt, and then from the seconde poynte vnto the fyrste poynte, it [Page] is .13. degrées and better, and last of all from the varying of one poynt to the Meridian it is .11. If you wil know howe many leagues a degree is, repayre to the 16. chapter. degrées and ⅓ parte, euery degree beyng according to the parralel you are in, which dothe alter according vnto your Latitude from the Equinoctiall: for vnder the Equinoctiall it is, 60. Englishe miles, or .20. English leagues vnto one degrée. In the Latitude of .60. degrées from the Equinoctiall there in that parralell it is but .30. myles, or .10. Englishe leagues vnto one degrée. &c. as it is plainely shewed in the .16. chapter of this booke, wherein is an instrument shewing you howe many miles of Longitude will answere vnto a degrée in euery seuerall Latitude by the replying of a threed at your discretion: so that I conclude if the compas doth varie by that ordre of proportion that Martine Curtise dothe attributs vnto it, you may giue a neare ghesse to finde the Longitude by the varying of the compas beyng neare vnto the Meridian that the compas was made for. But if you be very farre from the Meridian that the compas was made for, then the variation is so slowe that you can haue no iudgement at all (by the variation of the compas) to finde any Longitude. And furthermore if the compas dothe varie by that proportion that Martine Curtise doth affirme, I am of that opinion that there may growe some errour in proportion in those compasses that are made for any Meridian:There may growe some errour in y^e proportion of the varying of the Compasse. for those compasses that are made here with vs in Englande whereof the needle dothe stande .4. or .5. degrées vnto the Eastwards of y^e North (as doth appeare by all the néedles made for dials & also in the compasses) if they would haue the North point to stande due North, then the ende of the wyers vnder the carde of the compasse should stande foure or fiue degrees vnto the Eastwards of the Flouredeluce: wherefore it may be doubted that the compasse maye varie more the one way than it will the other way, by that proportion that the ende of the wyre dothe stande beside from the North poynt. For (if in the greatest variation) the ende of the wyre (vnder the carde of the compasse) doth stande Northwest, the flouredeluce [Page 63] of the compasse should stande neare halfe a poynt to the Westwards of the Northwest. And in like maner at the greatest variation, if the ende of the wyre doth stande Northeast, then the Flouredeluce should stande neare halfe a poynt vnto the Northwards of the Northeast. &c. And furthermore heere is one thing that I could neuer vnderstande the truthe of, and yet I haue oftentimes demaunded the question of dyuers that haue beene in the West part, in the bay of America, Thinges that I can not know. and that is this: Whether in the compasse there made, or in the dials that are there made, the endes of the Nedles doe stande due North, or not? and yet it hath not beene my chaūce to méete with any that can tell. For if it be so that those Nedles that are there touched doe stande due North, th [...]n it were very good for them that should occupie long trauerse vnto the Westwarde or Eastwarde, to haue diuers compasses ready made with the Néedle of them vntouched, and to carie a good Lodestone with them to touche those compasses when the compasse hath the greatest variation. It is good for these two causes: the one cause: it is the better to direct your course by. But this cause is very speciall, to giue a neare gesse of the Longitude, that is to say, the compasse will varie more quickly (according to the order before written) by which you see they may transporte them selues further vnto the Eastwards or Westwardes before that the compasse dothe varie one poynt, than it dothe for the other three poynts, so that they are not able to giue any estimation at all,Of slowe varying of the cōpasse. by the varying of the compasse, to knowe any Longitude: for that they may trauel more than the quarter of the circumference of the earth, before the compasse will be varied one poynt backewardes and forwardes. And I do very muche maruell at this, (considering how many times English men haue bene in the west Indies) that I can meete with no man that can tell whether the needels of the Dials or compasses made there do stande due Northe or not: whiche is a thing that may be easily knowne. For the needels of the Dials it is s [...]ene séene, and in [Page] like maner of the Compasses:How easy it is to knowe whether y^t the cōpasses made in the West Indies▪ do stād due North. for if the Néedle of the Compasses there made will not stande due North, then it is reformed vpon the Carde of the flye of the Compasse, as if the North ende of the wyers doe stande Northeast, then they wil set Northeast ouer it, euen as we doe set the ende of the wyers of the Compasses with vs made neare halfe a poynt to the Eastwardes of the Northe. &c. And furthermore it is very good for them that are Masters or Pylotes of shippes to note,Of making notes of the variation. when they doe fall with any lande where the Compasse is varied, to make a remembrance in a booke howe many poyntes and degrees the Cōpasse is varied in euery place where they come vnto, which will be a great helpe for them to finde that place agayne. And to finde the variation it is declared in the 6. Chapter. And héere I leaue to trouble thée any further for this time: but shortly after this, looke for two other workes of myne, the one called, The shoting in great Ordinance: an other named, A Treasure for Trauellers: which two Bookes will be profitable I trust for all men. If these my labours may profite my Countrey, then haue I my desire. And thus I bid thee moste hartily farewell.

[Page]

The Table of the contents of this booke.

THe first chapter: of Nauigatiō sheweth what the .32. poyntes of the compasse be, and to what vses they do serue. Fol. 8. a
The .2. chapter: treateth of the golden number or prime, shewing the Epact, and by the Epact to knowe the age of the Moone. Fol. 9. b
The .3. chapter: teacheth howe to know by the age of the Moone what a clocke it dothe flowe, or is full Sea at any place where you do knowe what Moone maketh a full Sea. Fol. 10. b
The .4. chap.: treateth of the Sunne and Moones course in the Zodiacke, and howe you shall knowe at what houres the Moone shal rise and set at: and at what poynt of the Compasse, with other necessarie things. Fo. 14▪ a
The .5. chapter: is of a table of declination, commonly called of Seafaring men a Regiment of the sunne, exactly calculated for .4. yeres, and will serue for .24. yeres, for euery daye of the monthe. Fol. 16. b
The .6. chapter: sheweth howe to take the height of the Sunne with the Crosse staffe. &c. Fol. 26. a
The .7. chapter: sheweth howe to handle the declination of the Sunne, to know the altitude of the north pole aboue the Horizon (the height of the Sunne beeing truly taken & knowne in any place betweene the North pole and the Equinoctial) so that the sunne be vnto the Southwards of you at the taking of the fame vpon the Meridian. Fol. 29. a
The .8. chapter: sheweth you how to handle the declination of the Sunne when you are betweene the Equinoctiall and the sunne, that is to say, the sunne to the Southwardes or Northwards of you, and the Equinoctiall to the Northwards or Southwards, or vnder the Equinoctiall, the height of the sun being truly knowē or takē. f. 30. b
The .9. chap.: sheweth howe to handle the declination of the sunne when you are beyonde the Equinoctial, that is to say, betweene the South pole, and the Equinoctiall: with certen ensamples bothe for the South pole, and the North pole. Fol. 32. a
The .10. chapter: sheweth howe to handle the sunnes declinatiō vnto the Northward, where the sunne doth not set vnder the Horizō: and also to take the sun at the lowest due north. f. 34. b
The .11. chap.: doth shew howe you shall know the length of the day, and to know how muche the day is shortned or lengthened by the sunnes declination. Fol. 36. a
The .12. ch.: is of the North-star. f. 38. a
The .13 chap.: doth shew you by the sayling vpō the quarter of your compasse, in how far sayling you do rayse a degree, and what you do depart from the Meridian. &c. Fol. 39. a
The .14. chapter: sheweth howe to knowe howe farre any lande is off from you, if you knowe the distance betwene any two places, whether that you do runne alongst by the lande, or directly to the shore, or otherwise with other necessarie things. Fol. 40. a
The .15. chapter: treateth of the longitude. &c. Fol. 42. b
The .16. chapter: sheweth how many miles will answere to one degree of longitude in euery seueral latitude betweene the Equinoctiall and eyther of the two poles: with the demōstratiō for that purpose, & also the diuersitie of aspects of the Moone. fo. 44. a
The .17. chapter: treateth of the longitude and latitude of certayne of the most notable townes in Englande, and also how long the moone doth chaūge at one towne before an other: with the diuersitie of the longest day in sommer, from Southhampton to the northermost part in Scotland. Fo. 45. b
The .18. chapter: sheweth howe to sayle by the globe. And to know how much the water is hyer than the leuell betweene any two shippes on the Sea, which groweth by the roundnesse of the earth. Fol. 47. a
The .19. chapter: is as touching the making of plattes or Cardes for the Sea, and not to paynt their Cardes as they doe, but rather to fill the vacant places with other necessarie matters: and also of three necessary things conteyned in the Plattes or Cardes, with their vses. Fol. 49. a
The .20. chapter: is of the longitude and declination of .32. notable fixed starres for Nauigation, with tables of their shining, and at what poynt of the compasse they do both rise and set: it hathe also tables for euery monthe in the yere, declaring at what time they wil be South. &c. which wil continue these .100. yeres without muche error. Fol. 51. b
The .21. chapter: sheweth you the making of a generall Instrument, to know the houre of the day by through out all the worlde. Fol. 57. b
The .22. chap.: treateth of the soundings cōming from any place out of the Occidentall Sea, to seeke Vshant, or the Lizarde, and so all alongst tyll you come to the coast of Flaunders: with other necessarie matters to be knowne for them that be Chanellers, that occupie or deale amongst sandes, bankes. &c. Fol. 59. b
The .23 chapter: is as touching the variation of the Compasse, called the Northeasting and Northweasting of the Compasse: and howe to giue a gesse to know the longitude. Fol. 61. a

FINIS.

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Author: Bourne, William, d. 1583.1574

I. H. In commendation of the Booke.

T. H. In prayse of the Author.

A. R. To the Author.

First vvhat the Horizon circle is.

The vse of the Horizon circle.

2. VVhat the Meridian circle is.

The vse of the Meridian circle.

3. VVhat the Equinoctiall circle is, being a Paralell line or circle fixed.

The vse of the Equinoctiall circle.

4 VVhat the circle or Tropicke of Cancer is, being a Paralell circle fixed.

5. VVhat the circle or Tropick of Capricorne is, being a Paralell circle fixed.

6. VVhat the Articke circle is, beeing a Paralell circle.

The vse of the Articke circle.

7. VVhat the Antarticke circle is, beeing a Paralell circle.

The vse of the Antarticke circle.

8. VVhat the Zodiacke is, beeing a circle.

The vse of the Zodiack.

9. VVhat the line Ecliptick is.

The vse of the line Ecliptick.

10. VVhat the artick polare circle is, being a pa­ralell circle fixed.

11. VVhat the antartick Polare circle is, being a Paralell circle fixed.

12. VVhat the two circles called Colures be. &c.

The vse of these two circles.

13. VVhat the .2. Poles of the world is, imagined to be as an axiltree.

The vse of the Poles of the world.

14. VVhat the .2. Poles of the Zodiack is, imagined to be an axiltree in the heauens.

The vse of the Poles of the Zodiack.

15. VVhat the Zenith or verticall point is, imagi­ned to be as an axiltree.

The vse of the Zenith or verticall poynt. &c.

16. VVhat a Degree is.

The vse of the Degrees is manyfold.

17. VVhat a Minute is.

18. Altitude is heigthe: the vse thereof.

19. Latitude is widenesse: the vse thereof.

20. Longitude is length: the vse thereof.

21. Declination is leaning: the vse thereof.

22. Circumference is the compasse of a cir­cle by the outer edge.

23. Center is the middle pricke in any circle, equally distant from the edge of the circle in euery place.

24. Auge what it is.

The vse thereof.

25. VVhat the head or tayle of the Dragon is.

The vse of the head and tayle of the Dragon.

26. VVhat Nauigation is.

The vse of Nauigation.

27. Of instrumentes to vse at the Sea for to take he heigthe of the Sunne or any Starres.

The vse of the Instruments.

28. VVhat maner of persons be meetest to take charge of Shippes in Nauigation.

Here followeth a table of Tides.

¶ A Table to knowe the rysing and setting of these Starres, by vvhat poynt of the cō ­passe, and howe many houres they be aboue our Horizon, the Pole being raysed .51. or .52. degrees.

10. VVhat the artick polare circle is, being a paralell circle fixed.

15. VVhat the Zenith or verticall point is, imagined to be as an axiltree.

22. Circumference is the compasse of a circle by the outer edge.

¶ A Table to knowe the rysing and setting of these Starres, by vvhat poynt of the cō passe, and howe many houres they be aboue our Horizon, the Pole being raysed .51. or .52. degrees.