How you shall take Hawkes, with what in­struments, and how you shall kidde them.

What gentleman or other whosoeuer will take Hawkes he must haue nets which are called vrines, and they must be made of good small threed, which would be died either greene or blew, for feare of the Hawkes espying of the same, then must he haue nee­dle and threede for the inseeling of such Hawkes as are taken, and in this manner they must be inseeled: take the needle & threede and put it thorow the vp­per eie lidde of the one side, and so likewise of the o­ther, and make it fast vnder the Hawkes beake: so as she may not see at all, and then she is inseeled as shee ought to be: some vse to inseele Hawkes by the ne­ther eie lidde, fastning it aboue the beake almost vp­on the head, but that is approoued ill, for by all rea­son the vpper eie lidde closeth more iustly than the neather, because that it is much larger: when you haue seeled your Hawke, and brought her home, cast her on a pearch, and let her stand there a night and a day, and on the next day towardes euening, take a knife, and with great care see you cut the threedes insunder which inseele hir, and take them away soft­ly for feare of breaking her eie liddes, then beginne in gentle manner to feede her, and vse all the lenitie and meekenesse you can vnto her vntill she will sit quietly vpon your fist, for by much striuing you shal hurt her wings which were not a little dangerous: and then the same night after the feeding, watch her [Page 2] all night and all the next morrow from any sleepe or rest, which will occasion hir to be reclaimed with lesse difficultie: yet note, that the first meate which she shall eate be hote, and let her take enough there­of without troubling.

When your Hawke may be drawne to reclaime, and the manner of her diet.

If your hawke be hard penned, she may be drawn to be reclaimed, for the while she is tender penned, it is hurtfull to reclaime her. And if she be a goshawke or a Tersell which shall be reclaimed, euer feed them with washed meate at the drawing and at the reclai­ming, but looke that it be hote, and in this manner wash it: take the meate and swill it vp and downe in the water, and then wring the water out and feed her therewith if she be a brancher, but if it be a Iesse, then must you wash your meate much cleaner than for a brauncher, and wiping it with a linnen cloth so feede her, and euermore the third day giue her cast­ing: if she be a Goshawke or Tersell in this sort, take new flannell cloth, and cut fiue pellets thereof of an inch long at the least, then take the flesh, and cut fiue morsels, and with your knifes point cut a hole in e­uery morsell, and put therein the pellets of cloth, then lay them in a dish of faire water, and take your hawke, and giue her a bit of warme meate so bigge as halfe her casting, then take one of them which li­eth in the water and giue it her, and so one after an­other, and then feede her for all night.

How to feede your hawke and know her infirmities.

A sparrow hawke would alwayes be fedde with vnwashed meat, and her casting would be plumage: and haue an especiall care that the ground bee cleane vnder her pearch, whereby in the morning you may the more readily finde her casting when shee hath cast, by which you shal know whether she be sound I or no, for some casting wil be yelow, some greene, some clammie, and some cleare: and if it be yellow, then she engendereth the frounce which is a canker which riseth in the mouth or cheeke, and if it bee greene it betokeneth the rie, the propertie of which euill is this, it wil arise in the head and make it swel, her eies wil be heauy and darke, and but it haue pre­sent remedy it will fall into the legs and make them impostume, and if it reuert from the legges vnto the head againe, then is it mortall: if it be clammie and roping, then is it the apparant signe of a disease cal­led the Cray, which causeth a hawke that she cannot mute: but if it bee cleare and bright, then is there great assurance of her soundnesse.

When your Hawke shall bathe.

Once in three dayes during the Summer let not your hawke faile to bathe, and once a weeke in the winter, if the weather be faire and conuenient, and not els, and euery time your hawke batheth giue hir a bit or two of hote meate vnwashed, of what kinde soeuer your hawke be.

How to make your hawke flee with a co­rage in the morning.

If you haue a determination that your Hawke shall flee in the morning, then feede her the night before with hote meate, and wash the same meate in vrine and wring out the water cleane, and that shal adde vnto her a lust and courage to flee in the next morning to your contentment.

How to make a Hawke flee well which is full gorged.

If your hawke be full gorged, and yet notwith­standing you would faine haue a flight, take three cornes of wheate, and put them in a morsell of flesh and giue it vnto your hawke, and immediately shee will cast all that is within her, which as soone as she hath cast, looke you haue a bit or two of some hote meate to giue her, and then you may boldly flee her: this medcine also is excellent for a Hawke that is o­uergorged.

The true Termes and Titles belonging to Hawkes.

The first true Tearme and Title a Falconer ought to learne, is to holde fast at all times, and especially when she batteth, or striueth to flee away. It is cal­led batting, in that she batteth with hirselfe without cause: the second is, rebate your hawke to your fist, and that is when she batteth the least moouing that [Page] you can with your fist will rebate her backe againe vppon your fist: the third is, feede your Hawke, and not giue her meate: the fourth is, a Hawke smiteth or seweth her beake, not wipeth her beake: the fift, your hawke iouketh, and not sleepeth: the sixt, your hawke pruneth, and not piketh, and she pruneth not but when she beginneth at her legges, and fetcheth moisture like oile at her taile wherewith she imbal­meth her feet, & strikes the fethers of hir wings tho­row her beake: and it is called the Note then when shee fetcheth the oile: and note, that in any wise a Hawke ought not to be troubled whilest shee is in pruning of her selfe, for, when shee pruneth shee shewes her selfe to bee lusty and in courage, and when shee hath done she will rowze her selfe migh­tily: sometimes your Hawke countenances as shee piketh hir selfe, and then she pruneth not▪ wherefore you must say, she reformeth her fethers: the seuenth, your Hawke collieth, and not beaketh: the eight, she rowzeth and not shaketh her selfe: the ninth, she streineth, and not clitcheth or snatcheth: the tenth, she mantleth, and not stretcheth when as she putteth her legges from her one after another, and hir wings follow after her legges, for then shee doeth mantle her, and when she hath mantled her, and crosseth both her wings together ouer her backe, you shall say your Hawke warbleth her wings, which is a terme most proper for that purpose: the eleuenth, you shall say your Hawke-mutesseth, or muteth, and not skliseth: the twelfth, you shall say, cast your Hawke to the pearch, and not set your Hawke vpon the pearch.

Termes to commend sundrie properties in a Hawke.

First you shall say, this is a faire Hawke, an huge hawke, along hawke, a short thicke hawke, but not that shee is a great Hawke: also you shall say, this hawke hath a large beake, or a short beake, but call it not a bill: an huge head, or a small head faire sea­soned: you shall say your Hawke is full gorged, and not cropped, and your Hawke putteth ouer and en­dueth, and yet she doth both diuersly, as thus: shee putteth ouer when shee remooueth her meate from her gorge into her bowells, and thus you shal know it: when shee putteth ouer shee trauerseth with her body, and chiefly with her necke as a crane doth, or an other bird: shee endueth neuer as long as her bo­welles be full at her feeding, but as soone as shee is fed and resteth, she endueth by little and little, and if her gorge be voide, and the bowel any thing stiffe, then you shall say shee is embowelled and hath not fully endued, or, so long as you can feele any thing in hir bowels it is dangerous to giue her any meate. You shall say an Hawke hath a long wing, a faire long traine with sixe barres out, and standeth vpon the seuenth, this hawke is enterpenned, that is to say, when the feathers of the wings be betweene the body and the thighes, this hawke hath an huge legge, or a flat legge, a round legge, or a faire ense­red legge.

To know the Maile of an hawke.

Hawkes haue a white Maile, canuas maile or a red maile, and some call a red maile an yron maile, a white maile is easiest knowen, a canuas maile is be­tweene a white maile and an yron maile, and an y­ron maile is exceeding red. A goshawke or tercell in their soreage haue not their mailes named, but it is called their plumage, and after that cote it is called their maile, and if your hawke flee for reward you shall say, cast the Hawke thereto, and not let flee thereto.

Nommed or seased.

And if your hawke nomme a foule, and the foule breake away from her, shee hath discomfited many feathers of the foule, and is broken away, for in true Falconers language you shall say, your Hawke hath nommed or seased a foule, and not taken it.

Why a Hawke is called a Rifler.

It happeneth many times through eagernesse or foolishnesse, that a hawke when she should nomme a foule, she seaseth but on the feathets onely, where­by her flight is effectlesse, looke how oft she so doth, so oft she rifleth, and for that cause such hawkes are called Riflers.

Diuers proper names to the feathers and other parts of an Hawke.

The formost bearing out feathers of a hawke are called the breast feathers, the feathers vnder the wings are called plumage, those vnder the beake are called the barbe feathers, and those which are at the ioynt of the hawks knee, & stand hanging and sharp at the ends, those be called the pendant feathers, the feathers of the wings next the body are the flagge or flags fethers, the long feathers of an hawks wing are the beame fethers, & those that some call the pinion feathers of an other foule, are in a hawke called the sercell feathers. Besides this, you shal vnderstand if a hawke be in the mew that same sercell feather is al­waies the last that she wil cast, and til that be cast she is not absolutely mewed, yet it hath beene some­times seene that hawkes haue cast it first (as report maketh mention) but the other rule is most gene­rall: and when she hath cast her sercels in the mew, then, and not before it is time to feed hir with washt meat, and to beginne to inseam her: which word in­seame in a hawke betokeneth greace, and but it be taken away by feeding with washed meate and o­therwise as it shall be mentioned hereafter, she will gather a pannell which may turne to her vtter con­fusion: moreouer, if shee do flee therewith and take blood and colde it is present death, there are also certaine feathers which close vpon the sercelles and they are called the couerts or couert feathers, and so likewise are all the feathers tearmed which are next ouer the long beame feathers and the flagge [Page] feathers vppon the wings, the feathers vppon the backe are called the backe feathers, the Hawkes beake is the vpper part which is nooked, the nea­ther parte of the beake is called the Hawkes clappe, the holes in the Hawkes beake are called her nares, the yellow betweene the beake and the eies is cal­led the Sere: Hawkes haue long small blacke fea­thers l [...]ke haires about the sere, which are properly called Crynits.

Of the soreage of a Hawke.

The first yeare of euery Hawke whether shee be called brancher or eyesse, that selfesame first yeare is alwayes called her soreage, and during that yeere she is called a Sore Hawke, for and if shee doe es­cape that yeere all impediments, with good feeding and orderly regarding, she is likely to endure long.

How to reclaime a hawke.

If you will reclaime your Hawke, you must parte one meale into three meales, till such time that shee will come to reclaime, which when shee doth to your contentment, then encrease her meales eue­ry day better and better: and haue chiefe regard that ere she come to reclaime, by no meanes she soare, for albeit she be perfitly reclaimed, yet it may happen shee will soare so high into the aire, as you shall nei­ther see her, nor finde her: and as a generall principle if your hawke flie at the partrige, looke that you en­seame her before she flie, whether she be brauncher, eyesse, or menod hawke.

Why a Hawke is called an eyesse.

An Hawke is called an eyesse of her eies, for a hawke that is brought vp vnder a Bussard, Puttocke or Kite, (as there be many) they alwayes haue wa­tery eies, for when they are disclosed and kept in forme vntill they be full summed, you shall knowe them most assuredly by their waterie eies, neither will her looke bee so quicke, liuely, and sharpe as a brancher is: and thus because the best knowledge is by the eies, all such hawkes as are extraordinarily brought vp not vnder their owne dams, are called Eyesses: Againe, you may knowe an eyesse by the palenesse of her seres of her legges, and the sere ouer her backe, and also by the taints vppon her taile or wings which taints come for lacke of feeding when they be eyesses.

What a Taint is.

An ataint is a thing which goeth ouerthwart the fethers of the wings and of the taile, like as if it were eaten with the wormes, and it beginneth first to breed at the body in the pen, in such sorte that some pens will fret in sunder and fall away thorowe the same taint, and then is the hawke disparaged for all that yeere insuing.

An outward signe to know when your hawke is enseamed.

This rule is infallible and most certaine, looke [Page] how long your hawkes feete be blackish and rough, so long she is full of greace and glut, but euer as shee enseameth so her feet wil wax yellow and smooth.

How to demeane your selfe when your hawke is ready to flee.

When you haue enseamed your hawke and re­claimed her, and she is ready to flee to the partrige, take then a partrige in your bag, & go into the field, and there let your spaniels range for a couey of par­triges, and when they are put vp and begin to scat­ter, looke that you haue about you well eied mar­kers to some of them, then couple vp your spaniels, which done, let some one of your company priuilie take the partrige out of your bagge, and tie it by the leg in a paire of creance, then cast it vp as high as he can, which as soone as the hawke shall perceiue shee wil flee thereunto, if your hawke sease the partrige aboue giue her a reward therefore, and go after that by leasure to the partriges which were marked, and do thus as I wil teach you: If you haue a chased spa­niel which wil be rebuked and is a good retriuer, vn­couple him and no more of the spaniels, then goe to a single partrige of the couey so dispersed, and be as nigh as you can vnto the rising thereof, and if your hawke desier cast her vnto it, which if she take, then is she made for that yeere, and of the same partrige which she thus killeth reward her in manner as here followeth.

How you shall reward your Hawke.

Take a knife and cut the head and the necke from the body of the partrige, and strippe the skinne a­way from the neck, then giue the same to the hawke and couer the body of the foule with a hat or other garment and lay the same head or necke therevpon, and if so be she wil forsake the foule she plumeth vp­on and come to the reward, then secretly take away the partrige, and reward your hawke with the brain and the necke, but haue heede she eate no bones, for they be exceeding euill to endure, and they wil take from her lust and courage in fleeing, and in this ma­ner reward her of as many as she shall kill, only haue that discretion, that her rewardes be not too great, for feare you make her full gorged, and then can she flee no more for that day.

How your Hawke shall reioyce.

When your Hawke hath to your contentment killed a foule, and is by you rewarded (as aboue said) let her not by any meanes flee againe til she haue re­ioyced her, which is to say, till she haue sewed, sui­ded, or cleansed her beake, or else rowzed her, and when shee hath done any of these or all: then may you boldely at your pleasure flee her againe.

How you shall doe that you rebuke not your hawke when she killes.

Learne one thing perfitly, and haue great heede thereof, that is, when your hawke hath nommed or killed a partrige, stand a good way off and come not too nigh her, and be sure to keepe backe al your spanielles for feare of rebuking her, for many hawks cannot endure spaniels, and also many spaniels will teare the game from the hawkes foote, which is an extreame mischiefe: and whilest your hawke plu­meth, come softly towardes her by little and little, but if you see she leaue pluming, and fix her eies vp­on you, then stand still and checke her and whistle her till she plume againe, and in this manner do till you come close vnto her, then leasurely and with­out trouble fall downe vpon your knees, and priui­ly whilest she plumeth put vnder your hand, and be sure of her gesse, for, hauing that sure, you may rule all things else at your owne pleasure, which if you ouerslip or forget, then the least feare will make hir indeuour to carry away her game, or else forsaking it let it ascape, which is but losse both to your selfe and your hawke.

An opinion of Ostrengers.

Ostrengers hold opinion, that if you feede your Hawke continually with Porke, with Iaies, with Pies, or beare her abroad much in rainie weather, she will vndoubtedly prooue lowsie.

Of Ostrengers, Speruiters, and Falconers.

Because that now I haue spoken of Ostrengers, you shall vnderstand, that they be called Ostrengers which are the keepers of Goshawkes or Tercelles, and those which keepe Sparrow hawkes or muskets are called Speruiters, and those which keepe any o­ther kinde of hawke being longwinged are termed Falconers.

Of the Gesse, Lewnes, Tyrrits, Bewits, Cre­ance, and how they are fastned.

All hawkes haue or should haue about their legs gesse made of leather, and many times some of silke, which shoulde be no longer than that the knots of them should appeare in the midst of the left hand be­tweene the long finger and the least finger, because the lewnes should be fastned to them with a paire of tyrrits, which tyrrits, should rest vppon the lewnes, and not vpon the gesses for feare of fastning or han­ging vpon trees as shee flies, and those same lewnes you shall fasten about your little finger slackely in compassing the same in foure or fiue fould like to a bow string which was neuer vsed, and the tyrrets serue to keepe her from winding when shee battes. Lastly, those somewhat broad leathers to which her belles are put vnto, and so buttoned about her legs, you shall call Bewits. The Creance is that line to which you fasten your hawke when you call her to reclaime of what sort soeuer it be.

How a man shall take a Hawke from the Eyree.

Whoso will take a hawke out of the eyree, it be­hooueth him to be very circumspect in bringing it vp easely, and to keepe it from colde or hurting of the bones, for they are first very tender and must haue great rest, neither may they haue stinking or filthy aire, but as sweete and good as is possible, and euermore must you giue them cleane meat and hot, and a little, yet often, many times chaunging their meate, yet alwayes so as it be hot, let the same meate be cut into little morsels, for they ought not to tire on bones till they be of abilitie to flee. But when as they beginne to penne, and plumeth, and spalcheth and picketh themselues, put them in a close warme place into which no fulmerds, weesels or other ver­mine can come, neither winde nor raine can annoy, and then she will soone som her selfe, yet euermore giue her hote meate, for it is better for a man to feed his hawke while she is tender with hote meates, and so make her good with some cost, than to feede her with euil meate and make her naught with no cost, and as soone as shee is sommed then let her bathe.

When to put you Hawke in the mew.

If you haue a loue or care of your hawke, keep her wel, & put her not late in the mew: whosoeuer for couetousnesse of his hawkes fleeing plesure looseth the time of her mewing, hee may after put her in [Page 9] the mew at aduenture, and haue her mew at insuffi­cient leisure: the best time therefore to put a hawke into the mew, is in the beginning of Lent, for if she be then well kept, she will be mewed by the begin­ning of August.

How to dispose and ordaine your mew.

Dispose your mew so as it be free from weesel or poulcat, or any other vermine, and that it be not an­noyed either with winde or cold, or extreame heat, yet let one part of the mew stand so as the Sun may come in for the most part of the day, let also the sci­tuation be so appointed as your hawke may not bee troubled with much noise nor tumult of men, nei­ther let any person come vnto her, but onely he that feedeth her: prouide to haue in your mew a feeding stocke for your hawke, and a long string tied there­vnto to make her meate fast withall, for else she wil carry it about the house, and soile it with dust, and many times hide it til it stinke and be vnwholsome, insomuch as it may occasion her death, and therefore when it is bound to the feeding stocke, neither in the feeding, nor in the tiring, neither at her lighting downe, nor at her rising vp shall shee doe her selfe anye hurte or preiudice, then when as shee hath fedde, take away whatsoeuer shee shall leaue, and at the next time giue her fresh and sweete meate, for stale and long kept meate engendereth manie euill and mortall sickenesses, and looke that you neuer go to your mew, but when as you doe intend [Page] to giue her meate, or bring her water wherein shee may bathe, neither suffer any raine to wette her at a­ny time for diuerse causes: and for her bathing, that shall occasion her to mew well.

The manner how to put a Hawke into the mew.

First before you put your hawke into the mew, haue an especiall care, that if she haue any sickenesse or infirmitie in her, you cure her before you put her into the mew, for it is an infallible principle, a sicke hawke shall neuer mew well, or if she doe mew, yet shall she not endure any longer than whilest shee is great and fat, for as her estate wastes, so her life con­sumes. Some men without any medicine will in­uent howe to mew their hawkes, some will putte their hawkes into the mew at high estate, some when they are very lowe, some when they be full, some when they are empty and leane, and some when they are miserably leane, but of al it is no great matter so she be sound: neuerthelesse, this is my opi­nion, both as I haue seene and learned, whosoeuer putteth a goshawke, a tercell, or sparrowhawke into the mew, so high as shee can possibly be no higher, she will holde her long in the point before shee will mew any feather, and who so putteth his hawke in leane, she wil be as long ere she be remounted, and whoso puts her into the mew too hungry, and too leane, if she haue meate at will she wil eate too gree­dily, and so through surfet die ere shee come to any mewing. But whoso will haue his Hawke endure [Page 10] and mew kindly, my best counsell is, that she be nei­ther too high nor too low, neither in great distresse of hunger, but in such case or plight as she should be when she is at hir best flying: this obserued, obserue after, that the first day she comes into the mew she eate not too much, vntill such time as her stomacke be made stanch, which perceiued you may then giue her such meate as I shall set downe here following.

How to feede your hawke in the mew▪

With what meate she hath bene most common­ly vsed to be fed, with the same feed her eight daies continually, and in those eight dayes giue her birdes enow both morning and euening, and let her plume vppon them well, and take casting of the plumage which will cleanse her and make her haue an excee­ding good appetite: also it will scower her bowels, which being scowred, you may after aduenture to giue her what meate you will, so it be cleane and fresh: yet the best meate for to make a hawke mew soone without medicine is the flesh of a kidde, of a yong swanne, or of a chickin, but aboue al, the flesh of a ratte, goslings are good, or any such like, which are of themselues hote: if you take gobbets of great fresh eeles, and principally that next the naurll, and dippe it in the hote blood of a mutton, it will make a hawke mew soone, and all other things, it will make her white after her soreage: these meates be­fore mentioned are the best to mew a hawke with, and to keepe her in good state, but it must bee your care that she haue some euery day, so that she rather [Page] leaue some thing then want any thing, and euerie third day let her not faile to bathe if she be so dispo­sed: and when shee is almost firme, then giue her hennes flesh, fat porke, or dogges flesh, any of these three is good. An hawke is not full firme or readie to drawe out of the mew till such time as her sercell be ful growen, yet haue I seene some men take them out of the mew when the sercell was but halfe ap­peared, but I am against it, and thinke it perillous, because they are not then hard penned: some men vse when a hawke hath cast her sercell to begin and wash her meate, and feede her so in the mew with washed meate a moneth or sixe weekes before they draw her, but I am not of that opinion.

To know when a Hawke tireth, feedeth, gorgeth, beaketh, rowseth, endueth, muteth, pearcheth, ioi­keth, putteth ouer, pruneth, plumeth, warbleth, and mantleth.

A hawke she tireth vppon rumps, she feedeth vp­on all manner of flesh, she gorgeth when shee filleth her gorge with meate, she beaketh when she seweth, which is to say, she wipeth her beake, shee rowseth when she shaketh al her feathers and her body toge­ther, she endueth when her meate in her bowelles falles to digestion, she muteth when she auoides her ordure, she percheth when she stands on any manner of bough or perch, she ioiketh when she sleepeth, she puts ouer whē she auoyds her meat out of her gorge into her bowels, she proineth when she fetcheth oile with her beake out of her taile & annoints her feete [Page 11] and her feathers, she plumeth when she pulles off the fethers from any foule, or from any other thing and casts them from her, she warbleth when she draweth both her wings ouer the midst of hir back, and there they meete both, and softly shaketh them, and lets them fall againe, and she mantleth when she stretch­eth one of her wings along after her leg, and after­ward the other wing, which most commonly shee doth before she warbleth her.

The true names of a Spar-hawke, as Ostren­gers, and Speruiters haue thought.

There is a question whether a man shall call a spare­hawke, a spere-hawke, or an aspere-hawke, to which Ostrengers and Speruiters answer she may be called by al the three names for three reasons▪ first, she may be called a spere-hawke, for of al the hawkes that are she is most spere, that is, she is most tender to keepe, for the least misdiet or disorder whatsoeuer kils hir. Secondly, she may be called an asper-hawke, by rea­son of the sharpnes of her corage, & her quick looke, & also of her fleeing, for she is most aspere and sharp in all things which belong vnto her more than anie other hawke. Lastly, she may be called a sparehawke for two reasons, one is, she spareth goshawkes and tercels both, such as be in their soreage vntill such time as they may bee reclaymed and made readie to flee, as also all goshawkes or tercels which are not fully mewed till such time as they may be cleane en­s [...]amed & ready to flee, for al the while they be vna­ble the sparehawke occupieth the season of the yere, and kills the partrige excellently wel, which is from [Page] Saint Margarets day till Lammas, and so foorth in the yeere, she will also flee wel at yong fesants, yong heath cockes in the beginning of the yeere, and after Michaelmasse when partriges through greatnesse passe their daunger, I haue then seene them made, some to flie the pie, some the teale vppon riuers, some to flie the woodcocke, and some for the blacke birde or the thrush: the flight at the woodcocke is a cunning flight, and asketh great craft, therfore when you come to a wood or a quetch of bushes, cast your sparrowhawke into a tree, and beate the bushes, then if any woodcocke arise shee will assuredly haue it▪ yet you must first make her therevnto, or to any o­ther foule casting one first in a string out of the bush­es whereby she may know her pastime, and she must sit aloft as when she is made for the partrige: again, (as before I haue saide) you may call her a sparrow­hawke for this other reason, which is, if there were a shippe laden full of hawkes and nothing else, and if there were one sparrowhawke amongst them there should be no custome be paide because of her, and so for the most common name they are called sparrow hawkes, as prooue the reasons before mentioned.

How a hawke flieth.

An hawke flieth to the riuer diuerse wayes, and killeth the foule diuersly, that is to say, shee flieth to the view, to the beake, or to the toll, and all is but one, as you shall knowe hereafter, shee flieth also to the qu [...]e, to the creep, and no other way, and she [Page 12] nymmeth the foule at the fere iuttie, or at the iuttie fere.

To know what Huffe, Iuttie ferry, Mount, Randon, Creepe, Ennewed meanes.

A Goshawke or a Tercell that shall flee to the view, to the toll, or to the beake, is taught in this manner▪ you must finde a foule in the riuer or in a pit, and then set your hawke a good way off vpon a moll hill, or on the ground, and creepe softely to­wards the foule, and when you come almost where the foule lieth, looke backward toward the hawke, and with your hand make signe for your hawke to come to you, and when she is a comming and com­meth lowe by the ground almost at you, then smite your hawkes poule, and crie huffe, huffe, huffe, and make the foule to rise, which when she shall see, doubt not her forwardnesse in fleeing, but if shee nyme or take the further side of the riuer or pit from you, then she slaieth the foule at fere iuttie: but if she kill it on that side that you are on your selfe as many times it chanceth, then you shall say shee killed the foule at the iutty ferry if your hawke nime the foule aloft, you shal say she tooke it at the mount, or at the sonce, but if the foule rise not but flee along close by the riuer and the hawke nyme it, then you shal say, she killed it at the randon: when you haue your Hawke on your fist, and creepe softly to the riuer or to the pit, stealing softly to the brinke thereof, and by that meanes slay a foule, then you shall say it was [Page] killed at the creepe either at the fere iuttie, or iuttie fery as is aboue mentioned, but if it chance, as it doth many times, and most often, that the foule for feare of your hawke rise and falles againe into the riuer ere the hawke can sease vppon her, and so lieth she and dare not rise, you shal say then your hawke hath endewed the foule into the riuer, and so you shal say also if there be moe foules in the riuer than that the which your hawke nymeth, if they dare not arise for feare of your hawke.

A theefe.

You shall vnderstand, that a goshawke ought not to flee at any foule vpon the riuer with belles at her feete in any wise, by which meanes a goshawke is called a theefe.

Querre.

If you see store of mallards separate from the ri­uer and feeding in the fielde, if your hawke flee co­uertly vnder hedges, or close by the ground, by which meanes she nymeth one of them before they can rise, you shall say, that foule was killed at the Querre.

Marke this terme Drawe.

There be many Falconers which doe misuse this terme Drawe, and say that their hawkes will drawe [Page 13] to the riuer, where that terme Draw is properly as­signed to that hawke which wil kill a rooke, a crow, or a rauen sitting vppon a land, wherefore it must be saide, that such an hawke will drawe well to a rooke.

How a man shal make a hawke to the Querre.

Take a tame mallard and set him in a faire plaine, & let him go whither he wil, then take your hawke vppon your fist and go to that plaine, and being a good distance off hold vp your hand, and see if your hawke can espie the mallard yea or no by her owne corage, and if you finde she haue discerned the foule and desire to flee thereto, let her kil it and plume wel thereon, and in this sorte serue her three or foure times, and doubt not but shee is perfitly made to the Querre: I haue knowen gentlemen, that whensoe­uer and wheresoeuer they see any tame duckes, and if their hawkes would desire to them, they woulde let them flee, which they found encouraged their Hawkes to bee well fleeing to the Querre an other time.

A prety deceit to take an hawke that is broken out of the mew, or any foule that sit­teth in trees.

Looke where an hawke pearcheth for all night in what place soeuer it bee, and softly and leasurely clime vp to her with a sconce or lanthorne which [Page] hath but one light in it, and let that light be toward the hawke, so as she see not your face and in that ma­ner you may come to her, and take her either by the legges or any other part, for she will not in any wise mooue from the light, and in this sort may you take any other fowle.

Of Hawkes belles.

The bells which your hawke shal weare, looke in any wise that they be not too heauy, whereby they ouerloade hir, neither that one be heauier than an o­ther, but both of like weight: looke also, that they be well sounding and shrill, yet not both of one sound, but one at least a note vnder the other: also, that they be whole and not broken, and chiefly in the sounding place, for if they bee crackt, there the sound will be dul and naught, of spar-hawkes belles there is choice enough, and the charge little, by rea­son that the store thereof is great: But for goshawks sometimes belles of Millaine were supposed to bee the best, and vndoubtedly they be excellent, for that they are sounded with siluer, and the price of them is thereafter, but there be now vsed belles out of the lowe Countries which are approoued to be passing good, for they are principally sorted, they are well sounded, and sweet of ringing, with a pleasant shril­nesse, and excellently well lasting.

To what Honour all Hawkes do belong, and first to an Emperor.

First, there is an Eagle, a Bawter, and a Melowne, the worst of these three will kill an hinde calfe, a fawne, a roe, a kidde, an elke, a crane, a buzzard, a storke, a swanne, a foxe in the plaine ground: and these are not enlured neither reclaimed, because they be so exceeding ponderous to the pearch portatiue, and these three by their proper natures belong to an Emperour.

What to a King.

Vnto a King belongeth at his pleasure tributa­ries a Gerfalcon, and a tercell of a Gerfalcon which is most commonly called a Gerkin.

To a Prince.

There is a Falcon gentle, and a Tercel gentle, and both of them belong euery way to a Prince.

To a Duke.

There is a Falcon of the Rocke, and that belon­geth (in the opinions of all Falconers) to a Duke.

To an Earle.

There is one other falcon, and that hawke is cal­led a falcon peregrine, which by the best iugements is bequeathed to an Earle.

To a Baron.

To a Baron and his degree belongeth a Hawke which is called a Bastard.

To a Knight.

There is a Sacre and also a Sacret, and both the one and the other do belong vnto a knight.

To an Esquier.

The Lanar and the Lanret, hawks of exceeding hardnesse do both belong to an Esquier.

To a Ladie.

There is an Hawke called a Merlin, both Iacke and Formale, and they belong vnto a Lady.

To a Yongman.

To euery Yongman is due the Hawke called the Hobbie, and these be all the long-winged haugs or [Page 15] hawkes of the Tower, and all these are by lure both called and also reclaymed.

Of short winged Hawkes.

Of short winged hawkes, which are hawkes of another kinde, there is first a goshawke the which is for a Yeoman.

There is a tercell of a Goshawke which is for a poore man.

There is a Sparre-hawke which is for a poore man.

There is a Musket, which is (as olde Authours haue entitled them) for a holy water Clarke: and these be the short winged hawkes, of an other kind from the former, for they flee to the Querre, and to fere iuttie and iuttie ferry.

How the rie commeth, and the cure thereof.

The want of hot meate, and ignorance, not suffe­ring your hawke to tire much, is that which occasi­oneth the rie: the cure is, take dasie leaues and stamp [Page 16] them in a morter and wring out the iuise, then with a pen put it in the hawks nares once or twice when she is small gorged, and immediatly thereupon giue her tiring and she will be sound: or else take parcely rootes and serue her with them in the same maner, and when she tireth hold rew in your hand with the tiring, and that will make her voide the naughtie humour, but it is dangerous to vse it too often for feare the iuice spirt into her eie and hurt her.

How the Cray commeth, and the cure therefore.

The Cray commeth by giuing your hawke meat washed in hote water when you want hote meate: it commeth by means of threeds in the flesh that the hawke is fed withall, for though you picke the flesh neuer so cleane, yet you shall finde threedes therein: the cure is, take and chafe with your hands the fun­dament of your Hawke with luke warme water a long time, & after that take the poulder of saxifrage or else the poulder of rew, and a quantitie of Maie butter, and temper it well together till they be well mingled, then put it in a little boxe and close it fast, and as often as you feed your hawke a whole meale annoint her meate a little therewith, and that shall make her loue the meate the better, because of the ointment, and it will keepe her from the Cray, and from diuerse other sickenesses which ingender in a hawke. If you take the hote heart of a swine or of a pigge and feede your Hawke therewith two dayes together it will cure her.

[Page]Also, if you take porke and dippe it in the hote milke of a cowe and feede your hawke therewith, it will helpe the cray, and make her mute cleane.

Againe, porke with the marrow of the bone of the buttocke of a swine, being giuen both together shall make her mute well and cleane.

Also, if you vse her now and then vnto fresh but­ter, you shall finde it passing good for the cray.

Also, one meale, or two at the most, of the hote liuer of a pigge will make her mute wel, but beware you giue her not too great a gorge thereof, for it is a perillous meate.

Also, take the white of an egge, and beate it well with a spoone till it be like water, then let the meat which shall be for your hawkes supper lie in steepe therein all the day before, and at night feede her therewith, and that which shall be for her dinner in the morning, let it lie all night and if the meate that is so steeped be porke, it is much better, for so it hath beene approoued.

Medicines to enseame your Hawke.

Take the roote of rasue and do it in cleane water, then lay the flesh therein to steepe a great while, and after giue it to your hawke to eate, and if she do eate thereof, doubt not but it will take away her greace, neither shall she much bate therefore.

Also, take puliall and garlike, and stampe them well together, and wring out the iuice into a dish, and then wet the flesh therein and feed your hawke [Page 17] there with, and within foure daies without all faile it▪ will clense and enseame your hawke, but bee sure euery day to make new iuice, and alwaies when you feede her, wet your meate therein. Also take the iuice of parcelie moris, otherwise called parcelie rootes, aad the iuice of hysope and wash your flesh theeein, and your hawke shall bee enseamed kindlie without anie great abate to your hawke.

Some vse to lay their flesh in water almost a day, and to giue the same to the hawke at supper, and that which so lieth all night to giue to her in the morning, and thus to feede her in the mue before she be drawne about a month or sixe weekes, and so to enseame here ere shee come to the fist, which is very good, and when shee hath cast her sercell then is the time to begin to feede her in that manner.

A medicine to make a hawke cast which is troubled with casting in her bodie.

Take the iuice of Saladine, and wette a peece of flesh therein to the bignesse of a nut, and giue that peece to the hawke, and it will presently make her cast the old casting, and saue the hawke.

A medicine for a hawke that wil soare.

Wash the flesh that your hawke shall feede with in the iuice of fenell, and it will take away that pride [Page] from her, and make her to leaue hir soaring, whether shee be leane or fatte, and many times a hawke will soare, only for want of bathing.

A medicine for a hawke that is lowsie.

Take quickesiluer and put it in a basen of brasse, and put thereto saladine and ashes and mingle them well togither til the quicke siluer be slaine, and mixe therewith the fatte of bones, and annointe the hawke therewith, and hang it about her necke till it fall away, and that shall kill the lice. Also powder of orpment blowne vpon a hawke with a pen will kill the lice.

Also take a peece of a rough blanket vnshorne, and hold it to the fier till it be thorow warme, and then wrap the hawke therein, and holde her softlie for hurting her in your handes, and all the lice will creepe into the cloth.

Also hold her in the sunne in a faire day, and you shall see the lice creepe out vpon her feathers, then take a knife and wet the one side of the blade there­of with your mouth, and alwaies as they appeare lay the wet side of the knife vpon them, and they will cleaue thereto, and so you may kill them.

A medicine for a hawke that will cast flesh.

Put the flesh that your hawke shall eate in faire water, and feede her therewith three daies, and shee shall hold her flesh at the best.

A medicine for an hawke that hath lost her courage.

An hawke that hath lost her courage, a man maie knowe if hee will take good heede, for this is her manner, when she is cast to a fowle, she flieth a way­ward, as if shee knew not a fowle, or els shee will pursue it a little way, and immediatly giue it ouer, then for such a hawke, this is a good and an approo­ued medicine: take of oile of Spaine, and temper it with cleare wine and the yolke of an egge: which being done, put biefe therein, and giue to your hawke thereof fiue morcels and then set her in the sunne, and at the euening feede her with an olde hot doue, and if you doe but feede her thus three or foure times, you shall finde that the hawke was ne­uer more lustie, or of better courage in her life, then shee will be. Others make a powder of meckles, which stincketh, and puts the powder on the flesh of a peacocke, and mingles the blood of the peacocke with the powder, and so giues it to the hawke.

A medicine that a hawke lie not in the mew for vnlustines.

Take ferne rootes which grow on an oake, and oake apples, and make a iuice of them, and feed your hawke therewith three or foure times, and shee will leaue her lying.

A medicine for a hawke that hath the teyne.

An hawke which hath the teyne is easily known if a man take heede, for this is her manner, shee will pant more for one batting, then an other hawke will for three, and if shee should but flie a little she would loose her breath, whether she be hie or lowe, and al­waies shee is of heauie cheere, the cure whereof is thus, Take a quantitie of the rednes of [...]assell with the pouder of a rasne, and peper, and somewhat of ginger, and make thereof with fresh grease three pel­lets, then holde the hawke to the fier, and when shee feeleth the heate, make her to swallow those pellets by force, then knit fast her beake that shee cast them not out, and in doing this thrise, shee will bee sound.

Also take rasne and rubarbe, and grinde them to­gither, and make a iuice thereof and wet your hawkes meate therein, and giue it her to eate, and it will cure her. Also take Alysaunders and the root of a primrose, and seeth them in butter, and giue your hawke three morsels euery daie vntill she be whole.

A medicine for a hawke that cast wormes at her fundament, what wormes soeuer they bee.

Take the lymaile of iron and mingle it with the [Page 19] flesh of porke, and giue it your hawke to eate three daies togither and it will cure her.

A medicine for the Aggrestine.

When you see your hawke hurt her feete with her beake, and pulleth her traine, then she hath the aggrestine, the cure is, take merde of a doue, and of a sheepe, and of an allow, and strong vineger, and do all softly, in a brasse bason and mingle them well to­gither, so as they may serue three daies togither, and giue her the flesh of a coluer or stocke doue with ho­nie and the powder of peper, and then set her in a darke place, and doe so nine daies, and when you see new feathers come in her taile let her bathe, for she is sound.

A medicine for the crampe, and how it commeth.

For the crampe in a hawkes winges, take a white loafe of breade somewhat colder then it commeth out of the ouen, and holding the hawke softlie for feare of hurting her, cut the loafe almost thorough out, and displaie her winge easilie and hold it be­tweene the two partes of the loafe, and let it bee so held the space of halfe a quarter of an houre and shee shall be eased. The crampe commeth to an hawke by taking of cold in her soreage, wherfore it is good to keep a hawke warme both when she is yong and old: and this medicine is approued good at all times whether she be yong or old.

A medicine to make a hawke mew timely without hurt.

There are in woods, or in hedges wormes called adders, which be by nature redde, and there are also snakes of the same nature, and they are very bitter, take two or three of them, and cut off their heades and the ends of their tailes, then take a new earthen potte which was neuer vsed, and cutting them into small gebbets, put them therein, and in leasurely sort let them seeth a good while, and let the pot be close couered so as no aire may come out, or go in: and let those peeces seethe til they be all turned to grease, then cast it out and doe away the bones, and gather vp the grease and put it in a cleane vessell, and as oft as you feede your hawke, annoint her meate there­with, then let her eate as much as shee will, and by meanes of that meate, shee will mew at your plea­sure.

Also take wheate, and boyle it in the broath that the Adders were sodden in, and when you see it be­ginne to breake, take it out and feede hens and chi­kens therewith, and with such hennes and chikens feede your hawke.

A medicine that a hawke fall none of her feathers.

Take powder of canell, and the iuice of frankcost, with the iuice of paranie, and wette therein three or foure peeces of flesh, and make your hawke to swal­lowe [Page 20] them, and in vsing this often, it will pre­uaile.

Also take the skinne of an Adder or a snake, and cut it into smal pieces and temper it with hot blood, and make your hawke many times to feed thereon, and she will not mew.

For the gowt in the throate.

When you see your hawke blowe manie times, and that it commeth not of batting, then maie you bee assured that shee hath the goute in the throate: the cure whereof is, take the bloode of a peacocke and incense Mirabolana, and cloue gilleflowers▪ ca­nell and ginger, and take of all these a like, and min­gle them with the peacockes blood, and seeth it till it be very thicke, and thereof make morcels, and giue your hawke thereof euery daie at midmorne, and at noone.

For the gout in the head and reines.

When you see your hawke cannot endue her meate, nor remount her estate, then it is like she hath the gout in the heade, or reines: the cure whereof is, take momyan, otherwise called momy of the appo­ticaries. And the skinne of an hare, and giue it to your hawke to eate nine times with the flesh of a colt, and if shee can holde that meate it will cure her.

A medicine for the falera.

When you see your hawkes talents waxe white, then is it a signe shee hath the falera, the cure is, take a blacke snake and cut away the head and the taile, and take the middle and frie it in an earthen pot, then take the grease and saue it, and annoint the flesh of a peacocke therewith, and giue it to the hawke for to eate eight daies togither, but if you haue not a peacocke, take a stocke doue, and after the eight daies end, giue her a chicken, wash a little chiefly the tenderest part of the breast, and she will be whole.

For the crampe in the thigh, legge, or foote of a hawke.

When you see your hawke lay one foote vpon another, then is it a signe shee hath the crampe, the cure thereof is, draw her blood vpon the foot which lieth vpon the other foote, and vpon the legge also, and it will extinguish the crampe.

For the cough, or pose.

For the cough, take pouder of bayes, and put it vpon the flesh of a stockedoue, & giuing it to your hawke it will helpe her.

For the podagree.

When your Hawkes feete are swollen shee hath the podagree, the cure is, take fresh Maie butter and as much of oile oliue, and of allume, and chafe them well together at the fire, and make thereof an oint­ment and annoint her feete foure daies together, and set her in the sunne, and giue her the flesh of a catte, and if you see it auaile not, [...] the cutting of a vine, and wrappe it about the swelling, and let her sit vppon a colde stone, and annoint her with butter till she be whole.

For inward sickenesse vnseene.

A man may knowe by the cheere and vnpleasant­nesse of an hawke this infirmitie, but yet it is strange to knowe things which a man can not see, in what sickenesse or what maner they be greeued, and chief­ly when a man knoweth not whereof it commeth, the cure is, feede your hawke well vpon a henne, and then make her to fast two dayes after to empty her bowels well, the third day take hony sodden, and fill her body full, and binde her beake that she cast it not out againe, and then set her out in the sunne, and when it draweth towardes euening, feede her with some hote foule, for I haue heard my maisters say, if this helpe her not, then nothing will.

For the passion which go shawkes haue fasting.

Take the roote of small rushes and make iuice of them▪ and moistening your flesh therein, let your hawke eate it.

For Hawkes that are wounded.

Take away the feathers from about the wound, and take the white of an egge and oile oliue & min­gle them togither and annoint the wound therewith bathing it in white wine, but if you see any dead flesh arise then put into the sore Escome salt till it be eaten away, after take insence and wax, as much of the one as of the other and mixe them together on the fire, and when you will annoint the sore, warme it, and then annoint the place with a penne till it be cleane skinned, but if the dead flesh encrease, lay venecreeke thereon, and it will cure it sound.

For the Artetike.

When you see your hawke fat about the breast, it is an vndoubted signe she hath the artetike, where­fore let her blood in the originall veine, and after giue her a frogge to eate, and it will helpe her.

For a Hawke that is troubled in her bowelles.

When your hawke is troubled in her bowels, you shal know it by hir eies, for they wil be darke, and she [Page 22] will looke vnpleasantly, and her muting will defile her fundament: the cure is, annoint her meate with the poulder of cammell and ferne, let her eate it and no other.

For the gowt in generall.

Giue your hawke three or foure meales of a new slaine vrchine and it will instantly helpe her.

For mites.

Bathe your hawke in the iuyce of wormewoode, and it will kill all her mites.

To make a hawke flee craftily al the yeare.

When you go to the field in the latter end of haw­king, and desire that your hawke shal flee craftily, vse her in this sort, let hir kill a foule, and let hir plume it as much as she will, and when she hath plumed i­nough, go to her so as you fright hir not, and reward hir on the foule, and after that you may cast her on a pearch, and by that incouragement shee will vse her craft all the yeare.

For the stone.

Anoint hir fundament with oile & with a holow straw put in the pouder of allum: also take an hearbe which is called Castis lardder, and annoynt the in­side of her mouth, and it wil help her. Also take small flam [...]s rootes and polipody, and the nerues of spi­nage and grinde them well, and seeth it in butter, and [Page] straine it through a cloth, then make three pellets as bigge as a nut, and put them in your hawkes mouth in the morning, and looke that shee be voyde, and then let her fast till the euening, then feede her by lit­tle and little till she be whole.

A medicine for vermine.

Bathe your hawke in the iuice of fennell rootes, and it will kill vermine of what sort soeuer.

For the rheume.

When you see your hawke shut her eies and shake her head, then hath she the rheume in her head, there­fore giue her the larde of a goate the first day, and the second giue her epatike with the flesh of a chicken, and it will helpe her.

A medicine to keepe hawkes moist that are drie.

Take the iuice of horehound, and wet your hawkes meate therein, and feede her therewith once or twice, and then shee will bee moist enough in­wardly.

For sickenesse in the intrailes of Hawkes.

A hawke whose intrailes are ill is more than ordi­narily sicke, for if she hold not her meat, but cast it, it is a token of foule glut or surfet of feathers taken in [Page 23] hir youth, and appeares when she commeth to much fleeing shee will haue much desire to rest, and will sleepe when she putteth ouer her meate, and the flesh which she hath in her gorge if she cast it, will looke as if it were sodden, she will many times assay to put o­uer her meate, but cannot: wherefore, if she cast it, she may be holpen, if not, she dieth: the cure is, take the rawe yolkes of egges, and when they be wel beaten, put thereto Spanish salt and honny, and wet therein the flesh which your hawke must eate for three days, but if shee refuse to eate it, then holding her, enforce her to swallow three or foure morsels euery day: or else vse this, take hony at the changing of the moon, and a keene nettle, and thereof make fine poulder, and when it is well ground, take the breast bone of a hen, and an other of a stockedoue, and hacke them with a knife. then doe away the skin, and lay there­on the poulder, and all hote with the poulder feede her, do thus thrice, and it is enough.

For swelling.

If your hawke haue a felon swolne on her that a man may heale it, and keepe the hawke from death, doe thus, take the roote of comfory and sugar, of ech a like quantity, and seethe it in fresh greace, with a third part of hony, and then draw it through a cloth, and lay it to your hawke and it will helpe her.

For blaines in hawkes mouthes called frounches.

The frounce is a dangerous disease in hawkes, and bringeth her to death withholding her strength, and men say it comes of colde, which doth hawkes great hurt, making fleugme fall out of the head, her eies will swell and looke dead, and if she do want speedie help, nothing will kill sooner: take therefore of fen­nell, mariall, and kersis, of each a like quantitie, then seethe them, and straine them through a cloth, and now and then wash the hawkes head therewith, and chiefly the roofe of her mouth, and it wil foorthwith help her.

For a hawke that hath the agrum.

When your hawke hath her mouth and cheekes blubbed, then she hath the agrum, therefore take a siluer needle and heate it in the fire, and burne her nares throughout, then annoint her with oile oliue till she be whole.

How to make a hawke great and fat.

Take a quantity of porke, hony, butter, and clari­fied greace, and seathe them al together, and annoint flesh therein and feede your hawke therewith and it will fatte her, or else take the wings of an eued and feede her and keepe her from trauell, and it will fat your hawke though you vse nothing else.

For botches in the Iaw of a Hawke.

Cut the botches with a knife, that the matter may haue issue, and then mixe them and fill the hole with the poulder of arneme [...]t Ibrent, then on that pouder do a litle larde which is raised and it will heale it.

For a hawke that wil not reclaime.

Take fresh butter and put thereto sugar, and put it in a cleane cloth, and reclaime her to that, and keepe it in a boxe in your bagge.

For a hawke that is refrained.

When you see your hawke neezing, and casting matter through her nostrils or her nares, then doubt­lesse she is refrained: the cure is, take graines of shaf­felgree, and of pepper, and grinde it well, and temper it with strong vineger, and then put it into her nares and into the roofe of her mouth, then giue her hote meate to eate and she will be sound.

A medicine for hawkes that haue paines in their croups.

You shall take faire Morsum, and the poulder of gelefre, and mingle them together, and giue them to your hawke to eate, and if she hold it past the second day she will be sound.

For the stone in the fundament.

When your hawke cannot mute then she hath the sickenesse called the stone, for cure whereof take the heart of a swine, and swines greace, and mixing it with the heart let her eate it.

A medicine for the drie frounce.

For this sicknes take the roote of polipody which groweth vpon oakes and seethe it a great while, then take it from the fire and let it stand vntill it bee luke warme, then wash your flesh therein, and feede your hawke three times and she will be perfitly sound.

A medcine for the wormes called Anguellis:

Take pressure made of a lamb which was yeaned vntimely, and make thereof three morsels, and put it in a gut of a stockedoue and feede her therewith, and looke the hawke be voide when you giue her this medicine.

Also take iuice of Dragons and put ful the gut of a pigeon, then cut it and part it so as a hawk may swal­low it, which done, close vp her beake for feare of ca­sting it vp againe: also, giue her the dowsets of a bucke, as hot as they can be cut out, and make poul­der of the pizle, and cast it vpon the flesh of a cat, and feede her therewith and it is a present remedy.

Beasts of Ʋenery.

THere be onely foure beasts of Venery: the Hart, the Hare, the wilde Roe, and the Woolfe: and these and none other by the antient laws of Sir Tristram you may onely call Beasts of Venery.

Beasts of the Chace.

There be fiue beasts which we cal beasts of chace: the Buke, the Doe, the Foxe, the Marterne, and the Roe: all other of what kinde soeuer, terme them Rascall.

[Page]And first because of all other beasts, of Venery be the most worthy, the Hart, and (as we may terme him) is the most noble and taketh the first place, we will speake of the termes belonging to him:

• At the first yeare you shall call him a calfe.
• The second yeare a brocket.
• The third yeare a spayad.
• The fourth yeare a stagge.
• The fift yeare a great stagge.
• The sixt yeare you shall call him a Hart.

To know the head of a Hart.

Thou shalt call the head of a Hart Auntelere, Ri­all, and Surriall, and when you may knowe him by the toppe, you shall call him forked a Hart of tenne: and when he beareth three in the top, you shall call him a Hart of twelue, and when he beareth foure, you shall call him summed a Hart of sixteene: and from foure forward you shall call him summed of so many as he carrieth, how many soeuer they be.

Of Hart, Hinde, Bucke, and Doe, you shall euer say, a heard: of Roes you shall euer terme a beuie: of wilde Swine a sounder: of Wolues a rowt.

Either of red deere or fallow you shall call vppon the view twenty a little or small heard: fortie you shall call a middle heard: and foure score you shall euer call a great heard, be they male deere, Hindes, or Does.

[Page 31]Vpon the view of a hart, if he be a goodly deere, you shall neuer call him faire, but a great Hart: and so likewise a great Hinde, a great Bucke: but onelie of a Doe, you shall terme her a faire Doe: euer haue a great care of this as you will be counted a perfect Woodman.

A beuie of Roes.

Sixe Roes or vnder is euer called by Huntesmen, a small Beuie, betwixt six and tenne is a middle Be­uie: twelue is a great Beuie: And still the greater the number is, the greater is the Beuie.

A sounder of Swine.

Twelue or some lesser number be called a Soun­der of wilde Swine: sixeteene is a middle Sounder: but twenty may very well be termed a great Soun­der.

Of the Roe hunting, breaking, and dressing.

When you shall hunt the Roe, you shall say, He crosses and tresones before the houndes, or if you say, he doubles, it is not much amisse, although by the lawes of sir Tristram it is hardly permitted, you shall not say, This is a great Roebucke, but a faire Bucke, and a faire Doe. Dressing of the Ro is called the Herdlenge of a Roe by the termes of Venerie which you shall performe in this sort: you shall lay [Page] the head betwene the two farther legges: then take the two hinder legges, and crossing them put them on the two contrary farther legges, fastning them by the loosning of the former ioynts, onely taking out the bowels with the blood, and cutting off the feete wherewith you shall reward your hounds, diuiding ech foote into foure peeces with your fawchon or woodknife, and putting them amongest the bowels and blood: And this of the Roe is tearmed a Re­warde.

Of the age and vndoing of the Bore.

Now to speake of the Bore, the first yeare hee is called a pigge of the Sounder, the second yeare he is called a hogge, the third yeare a hog stere, the fourth a Bore, for then, if not before he departeth from the Sounder, and then he is termed a Singler. When you haue the Bore, you shall vndo him, first, not tak­ing off the skinne, and in dressing him orderly di­uide the flesh into two and thirtie breades, as wee terme it in Venerie: if he be slaine by the strength of the hounds, you shall giue them the bowelles in the place vppon the ground where the Bore was slaine: and this is likewise called a Reward.

Of the Hare.

The Hare is the King of al the beasts of Venerie, and in hunting maketh best sport, breedeth the most delight of any other, and is a beast most strange by nature, for he often changeth his kinde, and is both [Page 32] male and female. And this is a strange thing in the female, and onely peculiar to this beast of all other: after she hath taken the Bucke and commeth to kin­dle shee bringeth foorth two leuerets rough and in perfite shape, and retaineth two other in her still, which shee bringeth foorth before the two first bee well able to releeue, and she is knotted for her third leueret, and all this at one time: we terme the place where she sitteth, her forme, the places through the which she goeth to releefe, her muset, and when we finde where she hath gone, we call it the pricking of the Hare: her deceits and shifts before the houndes we terme, her doubling: wee terme her feeding her releefe. The Hare beareth sewet and greace, shee fi­masheth, crottises, and rounges, although amongst the Huntsmen of these latter times these termes bee worne out of vse, onely we say, she crotises: when the Hare is gone to her fourme, we say euer shee is gone to her seate: and we say the hare sitteth, where speaking of other beasts we say, they lie, & the rea­son is, because she euer hucketh vpon her legges, as though nature had taught her to haue her feete euer in a readinesse, of all the other beasts beeing most watchfull. And shee naturally desireth to runne vp the hill, because her legges be shorter before than behinde: and her sewet and grease which she beareth lieth ouer the leine be­tweene the chine and the taile.

The termes of a Huntsman to the kennel according to the French, from which they were at first only deriued.

When the Huntsman commeth to the kennell in the morning to couple vp his hounds, and shall iu­bet once or twice to awake the dogs: opening the kennell doore, the Huntesman vseth some gentle rating lest in their hasty comming forth they should hurt one an other: to which the French man vseth this worde Arere, Arere, and we, sost ho ho ho ho once or twice redoubling the same, coupling them as they came out of the kennell. And being come into the field, and hauing vncoupled, the French­man vseth, hors de couple auant auant onse or twise with soho three times togither: wee vse to iubet once or twice to the dogges crying, a traile a traile, there dogges there, and the rather to make the dogs in trailing to hold close together striking vppon some Brake crie soho. And if the hounds haue had rest, and being ouerlustie, doe beginne to fling a­way, the French men vse to crie, swefames swef, redoubling the same, with Arere ames ho: nowe we to the same purpose vse to say, sost ho, heere a­gaine ho, doubling the same, sometimes calling them backe againe with a iubet or hallow: poynt­ing with your hunting staffe vpon the ground, say­ing soho.

And if some one of the hounds light vpon a pure scent, so that by the manner of his eager spending [Page 33] you perceiue it is very good, yet shall the same hounds crying, there, now there: and to put the rest of the crie in to him, you shall crie, ho auant auant, list a Talbot, list list there. To which the French­man vseth, Oyes a Talbot le vailant oyes oyes, troue le coward in the same manner with little difference. And if you find by your hounds where a Hare hath beene at relefe, if it be in the time of greene corne, and if your hounds spend vppon the troile merily, and make a goodly crie, then shall the Huntsman blow three motes with his horne, which hee may sundry times vse with discretion: when hee seeth the houndes haue made away: A double, and make on towards the seate: now if it be within some field or pasture where the Hare hath beene at relefe, let the Huntsman cast a ring with his houndes to finde where she hath gone out, which if the hounds light vppon, hee shall crie, There boyes there, that tat tat, hoe hicke, hicke, hicke auant, list to him list, and if they chance by their brainsicknesse to ouershoote it, he shall call to his hounds, ho againe ho, doubling the same twice. And if vndertaking it againe, and making it good, hee shall cheare his hounds: there, to him there, thats he, that tat tat, blowing a mote. And note, that this word soho is generally vsed at the view of any beast of Chase or Venerie: but in­deede the word is properly saho, and not soho, but for the better pronuntiation and fulnes of the same we say, soho, not saho. Now the hounds running in full chace, the Frenchman vseth to say, ho ho, or swef alieu douce alieu, and wee imitating them say, There boies, there auant there, to him there, which [Page] termes are in deede deriued from their language: now we finde the olde and antient Huntsmen had diuers termes vpon the view of the pricking of the Hare, which although I finde not very needefull, yet for the loue I beare vnto Antiquitie, I wil not omit: as when the Hare hath gone ouer some gras­sie place where her prickes cannot be seene, but on­ly by straying the grasse, or by breaking some loose mould, we say she sorths or resorths: but these terms I will leaue to the indifferent opinion of the skilful Huntsman.

Now the reason why they say, the Hare fumaies and crottes or crottiseth is this, we say the Hare fu­maies, because he beareth sewet, and crottiseth, be­cause he beareth greace, and because she croucheth on the houghes when she letteth it go: so that wee say all beasts that beare tallow, and stand vpright re­maine as they goe, all that crouch or stoupe doe.

The hounds rewarde.

When your hounds by force haue killed the hare you shall rewarde them with the shoulders and the side, with the head, and with all the intrailes sauing the gall: which being dealt them, is called the hal­low of all good Huntsmen, but the loines is most excellent meate in mine opinion, being finely dres­sed is the most dainty venison that England hath: And to tell what manner of beasts relefe, this is a thing worthy to be noted of all good Huntsmen, that the Hart from the Annunciation of our Ladie [Page 34] till Saint Peeters tide, is saide to relefe as well as the Hare.

Of flaying and stripping of beasts.

When beasts are slaine which shall be flaied and which stript according to their natures and kindes, know ye, that al that beare sewet and rounge, accor­ding to the olde English, or chawe, shall be said to be flayed, only the Hare excepted, which shall bee saide to be stripped or cased, which termes shal be vsed to all beasts of relefe.

Now of the Roebucke.

The first yeare he is a kid sucking on the damme: the second yeare he is called a gerle: the third yeare a hemule: the fourth yeare a Roebucke of the first head: the fift yeare a Roebucke. He vseth to cast his hornes at Saint Andrews tide, and his nature is to hide them in some moore or some marsh, that they are very seldome found: at Saint Iames tide he euer goeth to the Roe, which when he doeth, we say, he goeth in his turne: and if you kil a Roebucke which is hie in greace, you shall dresse the venison as of a Hart or a Hinde: wee vse to say a Hart bellowes, a Bucke groanes, a Roebucke kelles, which they vse in the time of their rutte, and we vse to say the Foxe and the Woolfe do barke and howle.

The season of all sortes of Venery.

The time of greace beginneth at Midsummer day, and lasteth till Holy roode day.

[Page]The season of the Fox from the Natiuitie till the Annunciation of our Lady.

The season of the Robucke lasteth from Easter til Michaelmasse.

The season of the Roe beginneth at Michaelmas, and lasteth till Candlemasse.

At Michaelmasse beginneth the hunting of the Hare, and lasteth till Midsummer.

The season of the Woolfe is as the Foxe.

The season of the Bore is from the Natiuitie to the Purification of our Lady.

Now in the hunting of the hart being a princely and royall chace, it giueth an exceeding grace vnto a Huntsman, to vse the termes fit and proper vnto the same, which I here set downe as receiued from An­tiquitie. First, when wee see where the Hart hath gone, we vse to say here, he breaketh: and when the Hart entereth a riuer or poole which wee call the soile, we say, he descendeth, and when wee finde where hee hath leapt into the riuer we say, he profe­reth, because wee are vncertaine whether hee goeth out at some other place, or returneth the same way againe, and if he turne againe the same way, he re­proffereth, and when we finde where he hath come out of the other side of the riuer, we call it the soile, and being come out of the water which filles his footesteppes wee call it defouling.

How you shall vndo a Hart.

After his fall, and that the Huntsmen be come in together, and haue blowen the death of the Hart, you shall lay him vpright vppon his hornes, which wee call suing of the Hart, then let the best man in the company, or some personage of account take the assay before the assembly: then first cutte off the coddes: then beginne at the iawes, and slitte him downe to the assay, and directly to the place of the coddes: which being done, beginne first to slit the left legge before, and next the left leg behinde, which you must not forget in any hand before you goe to the right side, which you must performe next in the same manner: the which being done, beginne at the cheeke on the left side, from which directly take off the skin downe to the breast, and so downe to the assay, and to the place of the cod: then begin at the other side and do the same in like manner, but cut not the taile of the beast away in any hand, but cut off the skinne, and let it remaine to the haunches: then spreading the skin abroad, let the body be laide open vpon the same, and beginne first to make the erbere, then cutte off the shoulders, opening the belly and take out the sewet which is most excellent and needefull for Surgeons. Then putting in thy hand vnder the breast bone take out therber, & tur­ning out the panch take away the rate filling it with the blood and sewet, hauing a needle and a threede ready to sow it vppe with, then searching into the [Page] small guttes take out the maw: And next, the liuer, laying them vpon the skinne, next after these the bladder: then going to the vmbles, first loosen the auanters which leane to the necke, and taking the throat and wesant, loosen the fillets charily which falles to the vmbles, and must be gathered and strip­ped vpon the wesant with the same with the naues, and sewet, and the flesh along the midriffe, then take the midriffe from both the sides, and so like a Huntsman make vp the vmbles with all these toge­ther, only keep the lights vpon the skinne and bid the querry: This being done, slit the skinne where­in the heart is infolded, and take away the haires which grow about the same, in keruing the heart you shal find a bone therein, which hath the vertue to cure the malady and griefe of mans heart: then cutting away the loose skertes and fill them with blood to saue the melting of the greace: then cutte away the necke from both the sides, and take the head away from the necke, taking out the tongue and the brain, laying them with the lights, the smal guts and the blood vpon the skinne to rewarde the hounds, which is called the querry. The left shoul­der of the Hart is his fee which dresseth him, the right is the Forresters fee.

Of the termes of the vmbles of a deere.

That part of the vmbles which cleaue vnto the throat-bole is called the Aduancers, and the hinder-most part of the vmbles be called the Forchers, the [Page 36] other called the Crookes of the vmbles: now in the heart the chiefe part and substance is called the Gargilon, and the other part be called Crookes and Rundelles.

To vndoe the wilde Bore.

You shall make two and thirtie breades of the Bore, the first and principall is the head, the next to that is the choller which is the best of the swine: then two sheelds and the two shoulders, and diuide ech side of the swine into three parts, the pestles, and the gambones accounting as two: then the two fil­lets, the legs and the feete diuided into eight partes, diuiding the chine in foure sundrie peeces: then put the greace of the Boore into his bladder, and pre­serue the same as a thing passing medicinable.

Of the vauntlay, the lay, and relay, with for­loining termes vsed in Venerie.

This is properly called a Vauntlay in hunting, when the houndes are in chase of a Hart, and that you either doubt their speede, or find them farre cast behind, you do vncouple fresh hounds, and hallow­ing them in to the deere, force him to more speede than before, which may be a means to cast off the o­ther hounds which be behind. An alay is this, when the Hart is in full chace, thou lying neere to some couert, doe so shake off some fresh hounds into the crie, to supply and make it the stronger, if some [Page] ouerhaled dogges should happen to sinke in the lat­ter end of the chace. A relay is, when you shall vn­couple some fresh houndes and cheare them, when as the rest of the dogges be already gone away with the Hart, and almost out of the hearing of the crie, and this is called a relay. Forloyning is when thou findest any chase within some couert, and some me­wet or light cunning hounds fall in with the same, being stollen out of the couert, this is called forloy­ning, when they driue the chace so fast on before as the Huntsmen can not lay the rest of the crie in with the same.

Of the descreuing of a Bucke.

The first yeare he is a fawne sucking vppon his damme, the second yeare a pricket, the third yeare sorrell, the fourth a sore, the fift a bucke of the first head, the sixt yeare a great bucke.

Of the hornes of a Bucke.

The hornes of such a fallow deere must be sum­med or euer he be a Bucke, he must haue two pal­med branches, and foure and twenty espelers, which when hee hath, you may well terme him a very great Bucke.

And this we see, that oft in hunting of the Hart or the Bucke: the houndes towardes the fall of the [Page 37] chace holde together and come strongly, the reason is this, and for three causes which makes the hounds continue, and incourageth them much: the first is, that when the Hart or Bucke beginneth to bee im­bosted, he casteth out of his mouth a froth which is wonderfull sweete to the houndes, which he leau­eth vpon the hearbs and bushes: the second is, when he sweateth, the sweat commeth downe from his body to his cleis, which the hounds finding knowe well he sincketh: the third is, that by reason of his lazinesse and toile, the scent is very strong and hote, and easily entreth the noses of the dogges which maruellously incoura­geth them to his death.

The difference twixt Churles and Gentlemen: Noahs diuision of the world.

There was neuer gentleman, nor churle or­dained, but hee had father and mother: Adam and Eue, had neither father nor mother, and therefore in the sonnes of Adam and Eue, first issued out both gentleman and churle. By the sonnes of Adam and Eue, to wit, Seth, Abell and Caine, was the royall blood diuided from the rude & barbarous, a brother to murder his brother contrary to the law, what could be more vngentlemanly or vile, in that there­fore became Caine and al his of-spring churles, both by the curse of God, and his owne father? Seth was made a Gentleman through his father and mo­thers blessing, from whose loynes issued Noah a gentleman by kinde and linage. Noah had three sonnes truely begotten, two by the mother, named Cham and Sem, and the thirde by the father called Iaphet, euen in these three after the worlds inunda­tion, was both gentlenes and vilenes discerned, in Cham was grose barbarisme founde towardes his owne father in discouering his priuities, and deri­ding from whence hee proceeded. Iaphet the yon­gest Gentlemanlike reproued his brother, which was to him reputed a vertue, where Cham for his abortiue vilenes became a churle both through the curse of God and his father Noah. When Noah a­woke, hee said to Cham his sonne knowst not thou how it is become of Caine the sonne of Adam, and [Page 44] of his churlelike blood, that for them all the worlde is drowned saue eight persons, and wilt thou nowe begin barbarisme againe, whereby the world in after ages shall be brought to consummation? well vpon thee it shall bee, and so I pray the Great one it maie fall out, for to thee I giue my curse, and withall the north part of the world, to draw thine habitation vnto, for there shall it be where sorrow care, colde, and as a mischieuous and vnrespected churle thou shalt liue, which part of the earth shall be termed Eu­rope, which is the countrie of churles▪ Iaphet come hither my sonne, on thee will I raine my blessing, deare insteede of Seth: Adams sonne, I make thee a gentleman, and thy renowne shall stretch through the west part of the world, and to the end of the Oc­cident, where wealth and grace shall flourish, there shall be thine habitation, and thy dominion shall bee called Asia, which is the cuntrie of gentlemen. And Sem my sonne, I make thee a gentleman also, to multiply the blood of Abell slaine so vndeseruedlie, to thee I giue the Orient, that part of the world which shal be called Affrica, which is the country of temperatenes: and thus diuided Noah the world and his blessings. From the of-spring of gentlemanly Iaphet came Abraham, Moyses, Aaron and the Pro­phets, and also the king of the right line of Mary, of whom that only absolute gentleman Iesus was borne, perfite God and perfite man, according to his manhood king of the lande of Iuda and the Iewes, and gentleman by his mother Mary princesse of coat armor.

How long coate armours began before Christs incarnation.

Iaphet was the first that euer made target, and therein he made a Ball in token of al the world, and afterward two thousand eightene yeares before the incarnation of Christ, coate armor was made, name­ly at the siege of Troy, where the first beginning of the law of armes was seene, as is prooued in the Booke called Gesta Troianorum, and that lawe was begunne before any law in the worlde▪ but the lawe of Nature, and before the ten commaundements of God. And this law of Armes was grounded vppon the nine orders of Angels in heauen, crowned with nine seuerall pretious stones, differing in colours and vertues, nine seuerall waies, from which are ta­ken the nine colours in Armes, as shall follow.

Of the first stone called Topasion, signi­fying gold in armes.

This stone Topasion is a semi stone and is called gold in armes, the vertue thereof is, that gentleman which shall leaue this stone in his armes, shall bee a sure messenger to his king in the day of battaile be­cause this stone was reserued in the angels crowne which was a true messenger and firme in the hea­uenly battaile against Lucifer.

Of the second stone.

The second stone is called Smaragdus, and is called vert (that is, greene) in armes the vertue ther­of is, the gentleman which beares it in his coate armour shall bee valiant, stout, and coragious in his kings battaile, the which stone was reserued in the archangels crowne, which was most puissant in the conflict with Lucifer.

Of the third stone.

The third stone is called an Ametise, and it is Bruske in armes, the vertue thereof is he which bea­reth it in his coate-armour shal be fortunate to con­quest in his kings battaile, which stone was reser­ued to the vertuous crowne, which was fortunate and vertuous in the heauenly combate against Lu­cifer.

Of the fourth stone.

The fourth stone is called a Margaret, a cloudie stone, & is called in armes plumby, the vertue ther­of is, whoso leaues it in his coate-armour, hee shal haue great gouernement in his kings conquests, the which stone is reserued in the potestates crowne, which were the commaunders in the heauenly bat­taile against Lucifer.

Of the fift stone.

The fift stones is called a loys, and in armes san­guine or synamer, the vertue thereof is, the gentle­man which beares it in his coate armour shall bee mightie of power in his kings battaile, the which stone was reserued in Dominations crowne that were only powerfull in the king of heauens battaile against Lucifer.

The sixt stone.

The sixt stone is called a ruby, and is in armes gules, the vertue thereof is, the gentleman which beareth it in his coate armor, shall be hot and full of vigor in his kings battaile, the which stone was reserued in the principallest crowne, who were fiery hot in hea­uenly battaile against Lucifer.

Of the seuenth stone.

The seuenth stone is called a Saphyr, & in armes Azure, the vertue whereof is, the gentleman which in his coate armour beareth that stone, shall be wise and vertuous in all his actions in the battaile of his king, which stone was reserued to the crowne of the thrones which were wise and vertuous in the heauenly battaile against Lucifer.

Of the eight stone.

The eight stone is a diamond a blacke stone, and called sable in armes, the vertue thereof is, the gen­tleman which beareth it in his coate armor shall be durable and vnfainting in his kings battaile, which stone was kept in the Cherubins crowne, which neuer fainted, or shrunke in the warre against Lu­cifer.

Of the ninth stone.

The ninth stone is called a carbuncle, a shining stone, and in armes is called siluer, or argent, the ver­tue thereof is, what gentleman soeuer beares it in his coate armor, shall be doughty, glorious, and shining in his kings battaile: which stone was reserued to the Seraphins crowne who were full of might, glo­rie, and brightnes in the kings battaile of heauen a­gainst Lucifer.

Of the nine colours which is worthy, which royall.

Of these nine sundry colours due to coat armors, there are fiue worthy, and foure royall, the fiue wor­thy are these, Golde (otherwise called Or) Vert, Brusk, Plumby, and Sanguin, and the foure royall are these, Gules, Asure, Sable, and Siluer. But nowe according to the blasers of armes there are but sixe colours of the which two are mettall, and foure cou­lours, gold and siluer for mettall, vert, gules, asure, [Page] and sable, for colours, and no other vsed.

Of the nine stones, which noble, which of dignitie.

Of the nine pretious stones before spoken of, fiue of them are noble, and foure of dignitie, the fiue noble stones are these, the Topasion, Smaragdus, A­matis, Margaret, and Aloys, the foure of dignity are the Ruby, Saphyre, Diamond, and Carbunckle.

Of the orders of Angels.

Of the nine orders of Angels, there are fiue Ierar­chy, thronely, the fiue Ierarchy, are Angel, Archan­gels, Vertues, Potestats, and Dominations the foure thronely be these, Principalles, Thrones, Cherubins and Seraphins.

Of the dignities of Regaltie.

There are nine dignities of regaltie, fiue noble, & foure excellent, the fiue noble are these, gentleman, squire, knight, barron, and Lorde: and the foure ex­cellent are, Earle, Marquesse, Duke, and Prince.

Of the nine vertues of pretious stones.

There are nine vertues of pretious stones, fiue generall, and foure special, the fiue general are these, a sure messenger, valiant and stoute, fortunate to [Page 47] conquest, great in gouernement, and mightie in power, the foure speciall are, hot in courage, wise & vertuous, durable, and vnfainting, and doughty, and glorious.

Of the foure vertues of chiualry.

Chiualry hath foure vertues, the first, iust in his actions, cleanenes of his person, pitty to the poore, gratious in prison, reuerent and faithfull to his God: the second is, that he be wise in battaile, prudent in his fighting, hauing his wit alwaies in a readinesse: the third is, that he be not slow in his warres, regard that his quarrell be true, thanke God euer for his vi­ctorie, and to haue measure in his sustinaunce: the fourth, to be strong and stedfast in his gouernment, to hope of victory, not to fly the field, nor shame his coate armor, also that hee bee not boasting proud of his manhood, looke that he be curteous, lowly, and gentle, and without ribawldry in his language.

Of the nine articles of gentrie.

There are nine articles of gentrie, of which fiue are amorous and foure soueraigne, the fiue amorous are these, lordly of countenaunce, sweet in speech, wise in answere, perfitte in gouernement and chere­full to faithfulnes: the foure soueraigne are these fewe, oathes are no swearing, patient in affliction, [Page] knowledge of his owne birth and to feare to offend his soueraigne.

Of nine vices contrary to gentlemen.

There are nine vices contrary to gentlemen, of which, fiue are indeterminable, and foure determina­ble, the fiue indeterminable are these, to bee full of slouth in warre, to bragge of his prowesse, to be co­wardly to his enimy, to be lecherous in body, and to be alwaies drinking and euer drunke. The foure de­terminable are, to reuoke his owne challenge, to kill his prisoner with his owne handes, to runne awaie from his colours in the field, and lastly to tell his so­ueraigne vntruthes or lies.

Of the nine inestimable reioynings in armes.

These are the nine inestimable reioynings in armes, first is, for a gentleman to bee made a knight in the field at battaile, the seconde is, liuelyhood of him to receiue after manhood, the third is, chiualrie to do before his soueraigne, the fourth embassage to be put vnto him for wisdome, the fift is prowesse of knighthood done before aliens in honor of renown, these in armes as called the fiue authentique, nowe followe the foure ending stremitalles personall, the first, a poore knight to be married to the blood roy­all, the second is, to haue thankes of his soueraigne perpetuall, the third is, to keepe his coate armor vn­shamed [Page 48] in triall, and the fourth is to keepe all the pointes of his knighthoode, as Gesta [...]royanorum declareth.

Of the two orders, wedlocke and knighthoode, and how knighthood was made before coate armor was ordained.

The two first orders that euer were ordained, was first wedlock, and then knighthood, & knighthood was before any coate armor, for Olibion was the first and primere knight that euer was, whose father Asteriall came by the right line of Iaphet, who see­ing the people multiply without any gouernour, and that the cursed race of Cham warred against them, Olibion being the strongest and most manfull in those times, the people cried on him to bee their maister and gouernour, there were in those daies one thousand multiplied of the line of Iaphet, whereup­on Asteriall made for his sonnes heade a garland of nine seuerall pretious stones, for a signe that he was the gouernour of a thousand men: and to this daie the name of a knight in latine signifieth the gouer­nour of a thousande men, then Olibion kneeled to Asteriall his father and required his blessing, who tooke Olibions sword which was Iaphets, Fawchi­on made by Tuball before the flood, and smote flat­ling nine times on the right shoulder of Olibion in token of the nine vertues of the foresaide pretious stones▪ and gaue him his blessing with a charge to keepe the nine vertues of charity which hereafrer follow.

The articles which knights should keep, to wit, fiue temporal, and foure ghostly.

Charity hath nine vertues, fiue temporall, and foure ghostly, the fiue temporal vertues are these: the first, he shal not turne his backe to his enemie for to flie: the second, hee shall truely keepe his promise to his friend, and also to his foe: the thirde, he shall be bountifull in hospitality and those about him: the fourth, he shall maintaine and vpholde all maidens rites: and the fift, that he defend widowes from op­pression: the foure ghostly are these, the first, he shal honour his father & mother: the second, he shal not wrong the poore: the third, he shal be mercifull: the fourth, he shall mainetaine the statutes of the great God of heauen. This done, Asteriall gaue Olibion a target of Oliue tree, with three corners triangular, two aboue his face, and one downe to the earth: in token that Olibion was the chiefe of all the bloode of the three sons of Noah, by the oliue tree he ment victory to winne by the point of his target to the ground-ward the cursed brother Cham, by the cor­ners of his target aboue, the further signified Sem, that next him the true gentleman Iaphet, of whom God and man issued by the right line.

Of the seuerall maners of Knighthood.

There is two maner of knighthoods, one with the sword, the other with the bath▪ but the bath is wor­thiest, bicause of foure royalties, one is when a yong Prince is made knight, or to be crowned king: the second is, when a King or an Emperour is crowned: [Page 49] the third is when a Queene or an Empresse is crow­ned, the fourth when a King or an Emperour talke with Embassadours of forraine Countries.

Of nine sortes of gentlemen.

First, there is a gentleman of ancestry and blood.

A gentleman of blood.

A gentleman of coat-armour, and those are three, one of the kings badge, another of lordship, and the third of killing a Pagan.

A gentleman vntriall: a gentleman Ipocrafet: a gentleman spirituall and temporall: There is also a gentleman spirituall and temporall, and all these are better set downe hereafter.

The diuers maners of gentlemen.

There are foure maner of gentlemen, to wit, one of auncestrie which must needes bee of blood, and three of coate-armour, and not of blood: as one a gentleman of coate-armour of the Kings badge, which is of armes giuen him by an Herauld: an o­ther is, to whome the King giueth a Lordeshippe, to a Yeoman by his letters pattents, and to his heires for euer, whereby hee may beare the coate-armour of the same Lordeshippe: the Hinde is, if a Yeo­man kill a gentleman, Pagan, or Sarazen, whereby he may of right weare his coate-armour: and some holde opinion, that if one christian doe kill an o­ther, and if it be in lawfull battell, they may weare eache others coate-armour, yet it is not so good as [Page] where the Christian killes the Pagan. And againe if the King make any yeoman knight, that same knight is a gentleman of blood by the royaltie of the king and knighthoode.

Of a gentleman spirituall.

A churles sonne being made a Priest is a gentle­man spirituall to God but not of blood: but if a gen­tlemans sonne be made a priest, he is both a gentle­man spirituall and temporall: Christ was a gentle­man by his mothers side, and bare coate-armour by auncestry: the foure Euangelists are testimonies of his workes in the Gospell, together with the Apo­stles, they were Iewes and issued from Gentlemen by the right line of that famous Conquerour Iudas Machabeus, but that through the ruine of times their kinreds fell to pouertie after the destruction of Iudas Machabeus, whereby they fell to labour, and were esteemed for no gentlemen: and the foure do­ctours of the holy church, saint Ierome, saint Augu­stine, Ambrose and Gregorie were Gentlemen of blood, and of coate armour.

Of the nine diuisions of coat-armours.

There are nine diuisions of coate-armours, fiue perfit, foure vnperfite: the fiue perfite are these, Ter­minall, Colaterall, Abstract, Fixall, and Bastard: and of these fiue I will speake more largely, with their differences.

Difference Imbordring.

Terminall is called in Armes all the brethren of the right line either by father or mother, may beare the right heires coate-armour, with a difference cal­led Imbordring.

Difference Iemews.

Colaterall is called in Armes, the sonnes of the brethren of the right heire bearing the coate-armors of their fathers with a difference Iemewes.

Difference Mollet.

Fixall in Armes is called the third degree by the right line from the right heire by line male, they may beare their fathers coate-armour with a diffe­rence Mollet.

Difference Countertreuis.

The bastard of Fixall shall beare his fathers coate armour Countertreuis, that is to say, whatsoeuer he beareth in his field, he shall beare in the same seue­rall colours, and no more.

Of the foure coat-armors imperfit.

Foure coate-armours there are imperfit, and are borne without any difference, the first coat-armor is if a Lordship (as before saide) be giuen vnder pat­tent by the King, if he died without heires his coat-armour dieth with him: the second is, when the King giueth a coate-armour, if he die without heire his coate dieth also, and if either of these coate-ar­mours haue issue, the fift degree of them bearing line by male, are Gentlemen of blood by lawe of armes: the third being the coate-armor of a Pagan, if the christian die without heire his coate-armour dieth, but if he haue issue also, the fift degree in like sort after him are gentlemen of blood▪ the fourth coat armour, of the chiefe blood if hee die without any issue, then the whole coate-armour is lost, and be­commeth a coate-armour of the vnperfite. All the bastards of all the coate-armours, shal beare a fesse, or (as some call it) a baston of one of the foure digni­ties of colours, except the bastardes of the fixialles, the bastard of the brethren of the chiefe blood, where the inheritance is diuided to euery brother a­like, these bastards shall adde more badgie vnto his armes, and take away a badgie of armes.

Who shall giue coate armours.

Not one of the nine orders of royaltie, but onely [Page 51] the soueraigne King shall giue coate-armour, for it is impropriat to him by law of Armes: and yet the King shall not make a knight without coate-armor before: and euery knight chiefe generall in the field may make a coate-armour knight.

Where a Knight may onely be made.

In fiue seuerall places may a knight be made, as in musters in the land war, in marching vnder baners, in listes of the bathe, and at the sepulchre.

A laced coate-armour is on the mothers side.

A laced coate-armour is called the coate of a gen­tlewoman maried to a man hauing no coat-armor, her sonne may weare her coate with a difference of Armes during his life by the curtesie of the lawe of Armes, but his sonne shall beare no coate-armour, except that the gentlewoman be heire, or the next of blood to the coate-armour, or else doe deriue her birth from the blood royall, and then shall her heire beare her coate-armour.

How Churles are made gentlemen, and called Vntriall, and Ipocrifat.

Churles are made two sorts of gentlemen which are neither of blood, nor coat-armour, one is called in armes a gentleman vntriall, which is to say, made vp amongst religious men, as Priors, Abbats, or Bi­shops, the other is called in Armes a gentleman apo­crifat, that is to say, made vp, and so intitled by the liuery of a gentleman or man of honor.

Of the sixe differences in Armes.

There be sixe differences in Armes, two for ex­cellent, foure for the Nobles, Labell, and imbordu­ring, for excellent, Iemews, Mollets, flower de luce, and Quintfoiles for nobles.

Of nine Quadrats in blazing Armes.

In blazing of Armes are nine quadrates, fiue qua­drates finiall, and foure royall, the fiue finiall are Ge­reri, Gerundi, Fretly, Geratly, and Endently, Gereri is called in Armes when coate-armours haue nine quarters diuers colours: Gerundi is called in armes when the coate is of nine seuerall colours, and a fusi-target within the coate of what colour soeuer it be. Fretly is called in Armes when the coat is counter­seised. Geratly is called in Armes when the coat-ar­mour is powdred: but the blazer shal not say, he bea­reth ermin, siluer powdred with ermin, but he shall [Page 52] say, hee beareth ermin, or else in some Armes hee must say demi ermin, which is to say, whitly er­min. And now for that in the fifth quadrate finiall, it is determined touching the signes of armes: be­fore I proceede vnto it I will shewe what manner of signes a man may weare, for a gentleman may not weare signes of Armes but of stayning colours, that is to say, his coat-armour ynyat or else gerat▪ Gera­ting hath nine badges of coate-armours, first with croslets, and of them there are foure sortes, namely, crosse fixily, crosse paty, crosse croslets, and crosse flory: the second badge is flowre de luce: the third is croslets: the fourth is primerose: the fift is quin­foiles: the sixt is diaclis: the seuenth is chaplets, the eight is mollets, and the ninth is cressents, which is halfe moones, and these are the powders of coat-ar­mours.

The fift quadrate is called Endently of three seue­rall wayes, which is Bebally, Lentally and fiesly: Be­bally is called in armes when a coate-armour is en­dented of two seuerall colours in the length of the coate-armour: Lentally is called in armes when the coate-armour is endented with two seuerall colours in the breadth of the coate: fiesly is called in armes three maner of wayes, fessy badge, fessy target, fessy general: fessy badge is when signes of armes are dis­seuered from the chiefe of the coate-armour to the right spleier in the field▪ fessy target is when a scut­chion is made in the midst of the coat-armor: fessy generall is called in armes when the coat-armour is endented with two seuerall colours, from the last point of the coate-armour to the spleyer, the chiefe [Page] is called in armes the midst of the coate of the right side: Quadrate in armes is called when the field is set with some token of armes: a quadrate finiall is called in armes when the field is discoloured with signes of armes, hauing no beast in the field: a qua­drate royall is when the fielde occupieth the signe of a beast, or any other signe set within the coate-ar­mour to the number of fiue: the first quadrate is a token of armes onely set: the second quadrate royall is bearing in his coate three things called the signes of armes, that is to say, three flower de luces, three fiscialls, three roses, three chaplets, three libbards, three lions: and so the fourth quadrate royall is to beare a beast rampant, bebally, lentally, and fessely.

What coats restriall be, and where the Blazer shall beginne to blaze.

There are three coats called restriall in armes, one is when a coat is barry of diuers colors to the point, and what colour the point is, of that colour is the field, and there the blazer shall beginne: the second coat restriall is, when a coate is paly, of diuers colors to the point, then what colour the point is, the same is the fielde, and there shall the Blazer beginne: the the third coat restriall is called in armes when a coat is sentry of diuers colours to the point, and what the point is, that is the field, and so the Blazer shall blaze from that colour to the next colour on the left side of the coate and blaze the colour sentry.

Of diuerse woordes of Art in Armes.

A senter in armes is called staker of tents:

Fixiall in armes, is called milne pickes:

Mangis in armes are called a sleue: gorgis bee called in armes water budgettes: Elynelles bee called in armes foure quadrates trucholles: Oglis in armes are called gunnestones: tortlettes are cal­led in armes Wastell: Diaclys are called in armes scopperilles: Myrris are called in armes mirrours or glasses: Feons are called in armes broade-ar­rowe heades: Tronkes are called in armes anie beastes heades, or neckes: Demi in armes is cal­led halfe of anie thing: Countertreuis is called in armes, when halfe the beast is of one colour, and the other halfe of an other. Euerie coate that bea­reth a crosse to the point, the pointe is the fielde, as Saint George beareth gules foure anglettes of siluer, but against this rule there are some heraldes repugnant, as shall be shewed in the booke insuing▪ These three tearmes, of, and, with, shall not bee re­hearsed in armes but cure anie of them.

Of the diuerse bearings of fieldes.

There bee diuerse bearings of fieldes: as one is bearing whole fielde, and that is called in armes [Page] Claurie. The seconde is bearing two fieldes, and it is called in armes countlie. The thirde is bearing two fields in foure quarters, and it is called in armes quarterlie.

Of three coate armors grittie.

There are in armes three coates grittie, one called checkie, that is, when the fielde is checked with sundrie colours: the second is called windie, that is, when as the fielde is made like waues of one or of diuerse colours. The thirde is called verrie, when the fielde is made like goblettes of sundrie colours.

In armes are two pinions, also what claurie, counterlie, and quar­terlie is.

There are in armes two pinions one is when the fielde is a saultire, or Saint Andrewes crosse which maie bee claurie counterlie, or quarterlie: claurie is called plaine of one coulour, counterlie is when colours quarterlie bee two colours sette in two quarters.

The seconde pinion is called cheffrounce, that is, a couple of sparis, and, that maie be claurie, counter­lie, quarterlie, gerery, or byallie.

[Page 54]Gerery is when three cheffrounce be together or moe.

Byall is when a barre is betweene two chef­frounce.

Here endeth the most speciall things of the book of the genealogie of coate armours, the true insear­cher, to displaie gentlemen from churles, and nowe shall follow, the exact booke of blasing of all maner of armes whatsoeuer, both in latin, french, and eng­lish.

To proue the antiquitie and continuance of that custome in this Realme, appeareth by an Ab­stract of many examples in euery kings reigne, [Page] chusing (of many) one person, hauing the dig­nitie of a Baron by the right of his wife, as fol­loweth in euery Kings gouernement since the conquest.

William Conquerour: Iohn Talbot a Norman came into England with William the Conqueror, and married Mawd daughter and heire of Richard Lord Talbot of Longhope in England, in whose right the said Iohn was Lord Talbot of Longhope, of whom the Earle of Shrewsbury is descended.

William Rufus: Eustace fitz Iohn the sonne of Monoculus Lord of Knaresburgh married Beatrice daughter and heire of Yuan Lord Vescy, in whose right the saide Eustace was Lord Vescie, of whome the Earle of Cumberland is descended, and writeth himselfe Lord Vescy.

Henry the first: Ioceline sonne to the Duke of Brabant married Agnes daughter and heire to Wil­liam Lord Percy, in whose right he was lord Percy, of whom the Lords of Northumberland are descen­ded.

King Stephen: Morice fitz Harding maried A­lice daughter and heire to Robert Lord Barkeley, of Whom is descended the Lord Barkeley.

Henry the second: Iohn Molton knight maried Mawd daughter and heire of William Meschines Lord Egremond, in whose right he was Lord Egre­mond, whose heire generall was married to the L. Fitzwater, of whom is descended the Erle of Sussex, and writeth himselfe Lord Egremond.

Richard the first: Adam de Port lord of Basing [Page 56] married Isabell daughter and heire of Robert Lorde Haya of Haluna, of whom descended the lord Saint Iohn of Basing auncester to the marquesse of Win­chester.

King Iohn: Iohn de Placetis maried the daugh­ter and heire of Walleram Earle of Warwicke, in whose right he was Earle of Warwicke, which Iohn died without issue, after whose death the saide countesse of Warwicke was maried to Master Man­dret baron of Haushap, who also was Earle of War­wike in her right, of whom are descended the Earles of Huntington, warwicke, Leycester, and others.

Henry the third: Henry hastings knight, maried Ione daughter and heire of Master Cantilyp Lorde of Aburgauenie, in whose right he was Lord of A­burgauenie.

Edware the first▪ Roger Lord Clyfford maried Isabell daughter and heire of Robert Dipount Lord of Westmerlande, in whose right he was Lorde of Westmerland.

Edward the second: Sir Iohn Charlton knight maried Auis daughter & heire of Owen ap Griffith Lord powys, in whose right he was Lord Powys.

Edward the third: Iohn Fitz Allen sonne to Ri­chard Earle of Arundell maried Mary daughter and heire of Iohn Lord Matrauers in whose right hee was Lord Matrauers.

Richard the second: Sir Warrin Gerard knight, maried Isabel daughter and heire of Iohn Lord Lile in whose right he was Lord Lisle.

Henry the fift: Sir William Louel knight mari­ed Elinor daughter and heire of Iohn Lorde Mor­loy, [Page] in whose right he was Lord Morley.

Henry the fift: Iohn Tuchet maried Ione daugh­ter and heire of Nicholas Lord Awdley, in whose right he was Lord Awdley.

Henry the sixt: William Bourchier maried Mar­garet daughter and heire of Richard lord Barnes, in whose right he was Lord Barnes.

Edward the fourth: Iohn Grey Knight, maried Elizabeth the daughter and heire of Iohn Talbot, Vicount Lysle, in whose right hee was Vicount Lysle.

Henry the seuenth: George Lord Stanley ma­ried Ione the daughter and heire of Iohn Lorde Strange, in whose right he was Lord Strange.

The names also of diuers persons (taken out of an infinite number) within other realmes which in right of their wiues haue enioyed all maner of noble and princely titles.

Otheline erle of Burgoin was in right of his wife Earle of Artoys.

Philip the Long, in right of Iane daughter to the said Otheline was Earle of Burgoine.

King Henry the second of England, was in right of Elenor his mother, Duke of Guyenne, and Erle of Poictow.

Endo Duke of Burgoine was in the right of Iane his wife daughter and heire to Philip the Long, & Iane his wife Earle of Burgoine.

[Page 53]Philip the son of Eudo was in the right of Iane his wife Earle of Artois and Boloigne.

William Godfrey, in the right of his wife was Earle of Tholous.

Philip le Grand Erle of Flanders was in the right of Elizabeth his wife Earle of Vermandois.

Bauldwine Earle of Henault in the right of Mar­garet his wife sister and heire to Earle Philippe was Earle of Flanders.

Fernand sonne of Sanctiz King of Portugall, in the right of Iane his wife was Earle of Flanders.

Thomas of Sauoy second husband to the saide Iane, was in her right (although hee had no issue by her) Earle of Flaunders.

Maximilian Archduke of Austria (before hee was elected emperour) was in right of Mary his wife, the heire general of Charles duke of Burgoine and Isabell of Burbon duke of Burgoine, of Zotnih, of Brabant, of Limbourgh, Earle of Flaunders, Ar­toys, Burgoyne, Henault, Holland, Zeland, Lord of Salignis, and Malignis.

Philip of Burgoine by Bona his wife was earle of Ew.

Godfrey Duke of Bullen, in the right of Mawde his wife was head Lorde of Ieturia, Marquesse of Antona, Pisa and Luques.

Hugh sonne to Henry the first King of Fraunce, was in the right of his wife Earle of Vermandois: and Ralfe his sonne was by his mother Earle after him.

Peter Earle of Alanson, in the right of Mawd his wife was earle of Bloys.

[Page]Hugh Earle of Saint Paule, by the right of Marie his wife was Earle of Blois, and Iohn his sonne erle of the same after him.

Hambert surnamed Blandemaine Earle of Brit­taine, and so was Geffrey Plantagenet in the right of Constance his wife.

Guy earle of Spaine, was in right of his wife erle of Neuers: and so Adolfe Duke of Cleue Earle of Neuers by his wife.

Charles the second of Fraunce, was in right of Susan his wife Duke of Burbonnois, of Auuergne, earle of Cleriust, visast of Charlot and Marrot, lorde of Beumolois chaire and chamberlaine of France.

Emanuell Philibert now duke of Sauoy in right of his wife Spannage is duke of Berry.

The Prince of Orange by his wife while shee li­ued was earle of Buer: and their sonne now Earle by his mother.

Now, after these examples both at home and a­broad followeth the particular proofe by mat­ter of record, viz. that the aforesaide custome hath euer taken place in the Baronies of Wil­loughby and Eresby, &c.

ANd that sir Richard Welles sonne of the Lord Welles was Lord Willoughby in the right of Ione his wife daughter and heire of Robert lord Willoughby.

And also sir Richard Hastings knight in the right of Ione his wife daughter and heire of the saide Ri­chard Welles and Ione, was both Lord Welles and [Page 58] L. Willoughby reputed, called, and written imme­diatly after the death of Richard Welles lord Wells and Willoughby before any parleament called or summoned, as appeared in their Court rolles and o­ther euidences.

And if the said sir Richard Hastings had been cal­led thereto by Writ, he could not after the forme of the writ be summoned, but by denominatiō of one of the baronies, who vsing both the titles of the Ba­ronies, then he must of necessitie be reputed to hold the other in right of his wife.

And if sir Ri. Welles and Rich. Hastings had bin created, then should the dignitie haue descended to the heires of Wels & Hastings, and not reuerted to the house of Willoughby, neither could Christo­pher Willoughby the grandfather, neither William lord Willoughby father of the duchesse nf Suffolke haue vsed as they did (and may be prooued by eui­dence, & matter of record) the stile of L. Willough­by before they were called by Writ to parleament.

Furthermore, after the death of William L. Wil­loughby, the said duchesse as his sole daughter and heire enioyed the title & stile of Lady Willoughby, descended to her from her father, at which time sir Christopher Willoughby knight, yonger sonne of lord Christopher, and brother to the lord William Willoughby claimed the dignitie as heire male and the claim being heard, the title was adiudged to the lady Katherine now duchesse.

Of Armes in which are carried the signe of the Crosse.

Now I turne againe to the signe of the Crosse and aske a question, how many Crosses be borne in armes? To which question, vnder any certaine num­ber I dare not answere, for Crosses innumerable are now borne daily: but descending to euery Crosse which I haue seene before, and heere meane to set downe, the plaine crosse shall be first described, of which crosse more doubts be made than of many o­ther Crosses. Forasmuch as wise men in blazing of Armes hold for a certaine rule that you must begin to blaze at the lowest point of the shield. If the point be of one colour: and so that colour that is in the point of the sheelde is the fielde of the armes.

But in that rule to remooue away all doubtes ye must very diligently obserue, that that same rule is true with a little addition, that is to wit, that in Armes to be blazed, it is alwayes to beginne at the point of the shield, if the point bee of one colour, then that is true: if the colour of the point be more copious or greater in those Armes, and then with­out doubt you shall beginne there, or else not. And when the colours be equall parted, either in length or ouerthwart, then euermore you shall beginne to blaze those Armes in the right side, and in that case you shall haue no respect to the point.

[Page]And if it be asked, how beareth Saint George? it is to be knowen that hee beareth: Portat vnum scu­tum de argento cum quadam cruce plana de rubio. in French, Il port d'argent vn cros plain de gules, in English, hee beareth a field of siluer with a plaine Crosse of gules, as here appeareth in these Armes.

And in the same man­ner all Armes, hauing a plaine Crosse, are to bee blazed: Therefore they that say S. George beares the fielde of gules with foure quarters of siluer do erre, for by those reasons a plaine Crosse should neuer be found in armes, nor well nie any difference in armes.

Of a Crosse of an equall length in euery part.

A plaine crosse is found in armes differing from the first: and it is of an equall length on euery parte, as it appeareth here:

and these armes be harder than the other to blaze, for the ends of this crosse touch not the hemmes or vtter part of the shield in no part, in which you shall say, that he that bea­reth these armes, in Latin [Page 57] Ille portat de asuro cum vna cruce plana aurea aequalis lon­gitudinis ex omni parte: in French, Il port d'azure vn cros plain d'un longre per tont: in English he bea­reth azure with a plaine crosse or of equall length on euery part. And this is the difference in blazing, that the endes of this crosse are in equall length, which cannot be saide in the plaine crosse before where the foote is the longest part if it be well made. And this difference shal appeare better in a coate-armour then it doth in a shield, And this is the euident difference betweene the crosses aforesaide.

Of a plaine crosse straight.

There is an other crosse equaller straight in the middest then in the ends, as in this coate with open corners, and not touching the border and vtmost part of the sheeld in any part, and it is called a crosse patent.

And you shall blaze it in this maner in La­tine, Ille portat vnam crucem argentatam patentem in campo nigro: in French, Il port de sable vn cros pate d'ar­gent, in English, he doth beare sable a crosse paty of siluer.

Of a crosse patent fixible.

This crosse patent is made sharpe in the foote of the same: and it is called a crosse patent fixible, be­cause it may be fixed in the earth, in the which crosse three partes are open in the corners and broader than in the middest: and the foote thus pointed to be fastened in the earth:

thus to be bla­zed, in latine, Portat de rubeo cum vna cruce fugitiua de albo: in French, Il port de gules vn cros patee fichie argent, in English, Hee beareth gules a Crosse paty fixible of siluer: And there bee many crosses which may be made fixible, as it shall be shewed to you in diuers examples heereafter fol­lowing.

Of a plaine Crosse cordid.

Amongst other Crosses one is found called a cor­ded crosse, as is shewed in this coate insuing, which is called a corded crosse, for it is made of cordes, the which I lately sawe carried by a noble man, whose auncester indeede was of mechanicall trade, and a Roper by his occupation, as hee himselfe reported vnto mee: the which Armes I doe blaze thus in la­tine, [Page 58] Ille portat gules cum vna cruc [...] plana cordata de ar­gento, in French, Il port de gules vn cros plein cordee d'argent, in English, Hee doeth beare gules a Crosse plaine corded of siluer.

Of a Crosse plaine perforated.

There is an other crosse which differeth maruel­lously from the crosse of Saint George. And heere it is to bee noted, that the opinion of such is to be reprehended, which doe affirme, that this coate is checkered, for Armes may not bee checkered, but at the least in the number of foure, but more vsu­all in a greater number, as heereafter shall bee she­wed.

Therefore this coate is to be blazed thus, in Latine, Ille portat vnam crucem argenteam perforatam in campo nigro, and in French, Il port de sable vn cros d'ar­gent partee, in English, he beareth sable a crosse perfo­rated of siluer.

Of a besanted Crosse.

We haue another crosse carried in Armes which is called a besanted crosse, for it is made of all be­sants: as for besant in this coate:

And the co­lour of example shall not bee expressed in blazing, for it is needlesse to say, a besant of gold, for except they be of golde they bee not besants: Therefore such a coate is thus to be blazed in Latine, Ille portat vnam crucem talentatam in campo rubeo: in French, Il port de gules vn cros besantee▪ in English he beareth gules a crosse besanted.

A crosse floury fixible.

Now followeth an other crosse floury which is so called, because it hath floures on the point of eue­ry of the crosses, and this crosse flourie is sometime borne in armes, fixible as in this coate, and then we properly call it a crosse floury fixible, for in three of his endes hee is flourishing, and in the foote picha­ble or fixible.

Therefore we truely blaze it, in La­tine, Portat vnam crucem auream floridam in campo a sur [...]o, in French, Il port d'azure vn cros floritee d'or, in English, hee bea­reth azure a crosse flourie of golde.

Of a crosse floury patent in armes.

Now followeth a crosse which is called a crosse floury patent: and it is so called, because it hath the endes open, and in the midst of euery end appeares a threed in manner of a flower, as is shewed in this coate:

therefore it shall be saide, that hee which bea­reth these Armes beareth in this wise, in Latin, Por­tat vnam crucem floridam pa­tentem in campo asureo, in French, Il port d'azure vn patee floritee d'or, in En­glish, he beares azure with a crosse patent flouerie of golde.

Of a crosse wauie or vndie.

Moreouer you shall vnderstand that there is ano­ther plaine crosse which is called wauy or vndy, for it is made in the maner of water troubled with the wind, as is shewed in this coate heere sette foorth:

Therefore he which bea­reth this coate shall be said to beare it thus, in Latine Portat vnam crucem planam vndosam de argento in campo rubeo, in French, Il port de gules vn cros plain vndee d'argent, in English, [Page] he beareth gules a plaine watery crosse of siluer: or a plaine crosse vndy of siluer.

Of the crosse inuecked.

In armes also there are found crosses of colours inuecked or indented, as here in this coate appeeres, and it is called a crosse in­uecked, because it hath two colours one put or lincked within another:

and of him that beareth these Armes it shal be said he beareth thus, in Latine, Portat vnam cru­cem planam inuectam de colori­bus albis & nigris in campo rubeo, in French, Il port de gules vn cros plein verre d'argent et sable, in Eng­lish, he beares gules a crosse of siluer and sable inuec­ked.

Of the crosse croslet.

Now followeth an other crosse which is called a crosse crosset or croslet, & he is called crosset because at euery end he is crossed as appeares by this coate:

but this crosse is not borne so oft in armes by himselfe as o­ther crosses neuertheles many times it is borne in diminu­tiues, that is to say, in little crosses crosset, and then the armes are poudred with litle crosses cruciated and of him which beareth these armes you shall say, hee beareth [Page 60] thus, in Latine, Portat vnam crucem cruciatam de argento in campo asureo, in French, Il port d'azure vn cros cro­cee d'argent, and in English, he beares azure a crosse crosset of siluer: and when such crosses diminutiues are borne without any certain number, they are cal­led in French Crossets.

A Crosse masculet.

There is an other crosse which is called a Crosse masculet, as is shewed in this coate which here I set down, which is made of masculies, of which I will speake more at large when I speake of mas­cules and lozenges:

and thus I blaze this coate, first in latin, Portat vnam crucem masculatam de argento in campo asureo, and in French, Il port d'a­zure vn cros masculee d'argent, in English, he bea­reth azure a crosse masculet of siluer.

Of a crosse masculet and perforated.

And this crosse masculet is sometime borne per­forated in the mascules, as is shewed in this coate,

and is thus to be blazed, first in Latine in this wise, Portat vnam crucem perforatam de rubeo in scuto argenteo. in French, Il port d'argent vn cros de gules masculee persee, in English, he beareth siluer with a crosse of gules masculet peersed.

Of the Millers Crosse or mill Nut.

There is a crosse which is called the Millers cros, for it is made in the proportion of a certaine instru­ment of yron which beares the mil-stone, by which the stone in his course is born equaly that he fal not, nor decline to the right side, nor to the left: and hath beene giuen to Iudges to beare in their armes, signi­fying thereby, that as that instrument supporteth the mill stone equally that it fall not vnto one parte more than to another, so these Iudges are bound to giue equally euery one his right.

And thus it shall be blazed in Latine, Portat crucem molendinariam argen­team in cāpo rubeo, in french Il port gules vn crois mo­lein d'argent, in English, he beareth gules a Millers crosse of siluer.

Of a crosse returned.

There is a crosse which is called a crosse turned, because the endes of this crosse on euerie side turne backe with a kinde of bending like to the horne of a Ram:

he that beareth these armes is said to beare them thus, in Latin, Portat crucem vnā auream reuersam in scute a­sureo, in French, Il port d'a­zure vn cros recercilee d'or in English, he beareth azure with a cros reuersed of gold

Of a crosse forked.

There be some which beare in their Armes a cer­taine forked crosse, and it is called forked, bicause the endes of it are clouen and forked.

Therefore hee which beareth this coate shal be saide to beare this, first in latin, portat vnā cru­cem furcotam de auro in campo Asureo, In French, il port d'azure vn cros d'or, in English: he beareth Azure with a Crosse forked of golde.

Of a crosse engrayled or engraded.

Also there be some which in their coate armours cary a crosse engrayled or engraded, it is called en­grayled, because it is en­dented all ouer, as well ouer the length, as ouer the breadth,

but in the blazing of Armes wee doe saie, this crosse is en­grailed, not endented, and thus we blaze such a coate in latin, portat vnam crucem ingradatam de albo in campo [Page] Rubeo, in french, Il port de Gules vn crois ingrailee d'argent: in English, he beares gules a crosse engrai­led of siluer.

Of a ragged or trunca­ted crosse.

There is an other crosse borne which is called a crosse truncated or Ragged crosse because it is in maner of two lopped trees.

Therefore it is saide: He which beareth this armes beareth thus, in Latine, portat vnam crucem truncata­num, de argento in campo rubeo, in French, Il port de gules vn crois recompee d'ar­gent, in english, he beareth Gules with A crosse trun­cated of siluer.

Of a knottie crosse.

There is an other crosse borne in Armes which is called a knottie crosse, because on euerie end of the same crosse it hath certain knottes in forme of this coate which heere I set downe:

which is thus blazed, in latin, portat vnam crucem auream nodulatam in scuto Asureo: in french, Il port d'azure vn crois [Page 62] Botone d'or: he beareth azure with a crosse knot­ty of golde.

And this crosse is found sometimes fixible, as I haue shewed in other coates before.

Of a crosse flourie knotted.

There is another crosse which is called a flourie knotted crosse, as is this coat which here I set down hauing both flowers and knots on euerie end of ech crosse.

And of him which beareth this coat, it is said he beareth thus: in latine, portat crucem▪ nodulatam, flori­dam, auream in campo de asuro, in French, Il port d'azure vn crois floritee botone d'or, in English, he beareth azure a crosse floury knotty of gold.

Of a crosse double parted.

There is also founde in diuerse coate armours a double partited crosse, and it is so called dou­ble parted, for if it bee deuided or parted after the longe waie, or the broade vvaie, yet it [Page] is still a double crosse as we see heere, and of this crosse manie doubtes haue risen, and questions growne of this Armorie, yet by Generall opinion at length alowed.

There­fore hee which beareth these armes is said to bear thus in latin, in campo nigro, in french, il port sable vn cros double petty d'argēt, in English: hee beareth sa­ble, a crosse double parti­ted of Siluer.

Of a crosse double parted flourished.

This crosse double parted is varyed sometimes and then it is a crosse double parted florished as here:

neuerthelesse it is called a crosse flourie, improperlie as some do hold, for it fai­leth in the midst of the flower, as you shall see in the next armes following which certaine midst by no maner of wise may be in the crosse double parti­ted, therefore hee which beareth these armes, is saide to beare them thus: in latine: portat crucem duplam partitam auream in campo Ru­beo, il port de Gules vn crois double partie flouretee [Page 63] d'or: hee beareth a gules a Crosse double partited floury of gold.

Of a crosse tripartited florished.

As before I haue shewed you the Coate double florised for there faileth in the midst of the crosse, by which the crosse florished is made perfect, but as in this coate amidst put thereto it shall bee rightlie called a crosse tripartited, florished, and so it is right­ly blazed, for diuide it by the length or breadth, it is euerie waie three folde in the midst of the crosse, and open in the pointes:

and therefore hee which bea­reth these armes, beareth thus first in latin: portat cru­cem tripartitam de argento in campo de asuro: in french, Il port d'azure vn crois trefois partee floritee d'ar­gent: in English he beareth azure with a crosse tri­partited floury of siluer.

Of the mill nut or millers crosse shadowed or vmbrated.

There hath beene made a doubte of this vmbra­ted crosse, and it is called a shaddowed or vmbrated [Page] crosse, because the shadow is euermore of blacke, of what colour soeuer the field bee of, and the bodie of the shadow is of the same colour of the fielde:

Ther­fore hee which beareth these armes, is said to bear in latin, portat crucem vmbra­tam in campo aureo in french, Il port d'azure vn crois molein vmbree: hee bea­reth golde with a millers crosse vmbrated or shad­dowed.

Of a crosse floury Patent vmbrated.

Now this coate I here set downe for the vmbra­tion of a certaine crosse, and this crosse is called, a crosse floury vmbrated, as here appeareth,

but indeed it is no Crosse, but a sha­dow of such a crosse, & the reason is, for the body of the same crosse is of the colour of the field and so the colour in the fielde sheweth by all the bodie of the said shaddow: and he that beareth these armes, is said to beare in latine, por­tat crucem floridam patentem vmbratam in campo rubeo, in French, Il port de Gules vn crois patee floritee vmbree, in english he beareth Gules, a crosse patent floury vmbrated.

Of a crosse floury patent vmbrated and perforated.

And also this crosse which here I set downe is ca­ried in coate armours which blasing rightly, they say it is floury patent vmbrated and perforated.

And it shall bee saide, that hee which beareth this coate, in latin, portat crucem flori­dam patentem vmbra am perfo­ratam cum rubeo in cāpo aureo, in French, Il port d'or vn cros patee floritee vmbree partee de Gules: English, he beares gold, a crosse pa­tent, floury shadowed, and perced with Gules.

Therefore they which will vndertake to blaze, must beware of these armes vmbrated, of which ma­nie rules be shewed before: for there be manie fami­lies in England to this day which beare shaddowes (diuersly in their coate armours) of the Lyon, the Antelop, and other beasts Therefore lest the igno­raunt or vnskilfull shoulde by this mistake the rule mentioned before of colours transmuted, hee which beareth such a Lyon in his coate, shalbe said to beare: in latine, Portat voum leonem vmbratum in campo aureo: in french, Il port d'or vn leon vmbree, in English, he beareth of golde a Lyon vmbrated: and there bee some skilfull in armorie which are of opinion, that such as doe carrie these vmbrated Armes, [Page] had their auncesters carrying the same whole, and without shadow at all, but their possessions and pa­trimonies descending to other men, their nephewes and kinsemen, onely hauing the honour without the land, bare the Armes vmbrated, leauing all o­ther differences, disguising their coates in such sort, thinking it better to beare the armes vmbrated then whollie, vntill fortune should againe raise them to the estate of their progenitors: bearing it rather as some diuice or Empreze, then a coate in armes.

Of the hemmed or borde­red crosse.

There hath risen some question, amongst he­raldes of the difference betwixt this crosse fimbra­ted or bordered as heere appeareth, and the foresaid crosse vmbrated, because they are so much like, and at the first sight seeme to bee all one.

But if a man behold them well he shall finde great difference, for the border of this crosse is varied as well from the colour of the Crosse, as from the colour of the field. And therefore it shall be said of him which beares these armes in latine, portat crucem nigram per­foratam floridam patentem fimbriatam siue borduratam cum argento in campo Rubeo: in french, Il port de Gules vn [Page 65] crois floritee patee percee de sable bordure d'argent: in English, he beareth gules with a crosse floury pa­tent pearsed of sable bordered with siluer.

Of the Ermine crosse.

There is an ermine crosse, of which there happe­ned a disputation at London betweene a Herauld of Brittaine and one of our nation, betwixt whome it was prooued and determined, that this Crosse in armes could be of no other colour than it is here set downe:

and hee which beares these Armes shall be saide to beare them thus, in Latine, Portat crucem er­minalem, in the French. Il port vn crois erminee: in English, He doth beare a crosse ermines, without other circumstance in bla­zing of the same, because they must be only blacke and white, which is their proper colour.

Of Armes quarterly borne.

Now to speake of armes quarterly borne, when foure sundry armes or coates be quartered, as heere is shewed,

it shall be saide, in Latin, portat quatuor arma diuersa quarterata, in french, Il port quater armes diuer­ses quarterlees, in English, he beareth foure coates di­uersly quartered. And if it be asked how these Armes must be blazed: The Bla­zer must beginne in the hi­est part of the right side, first blazing the Armes in the right side, and then to the left: And you must note, that these be plaine Armes quartered.

There is an other maner of bearing Armes quar­tered when as two Armes quartered be borne quar­terly: and it is borne most in Armes of Queenes: euen so bare that most Noble Queene of Englande [Page] Queene Anne wife to that royall Prince king Ri­chard the second which bare the Armes of England and France, and of the Emperour of Almaine quar­terly in sixteene parts, that is to say, in the right side of the shield: in the first quarter shee bare the armes of France, three flower deluces of golde in a field of azure: in the second quarter three lions of golde in a field of gules: in the third quarter, a splayed Eagle with two neckes: and in the fourth, a blacke lion ramping in a field of siluer: and so changeably shee bare these Armes in sixeteene quarters, which is seldome seene in any Armes.

Of Armes quartered and en­grailed.

Now to speake of Armes quartered and engrai­led, that is to say, when any Armes in his quarter is engrailed, as it appeareth in this coate here set downe,

and it shall be saide of him which beareth these Armes thus, in Latine, Portat de [...]uro et rubio arma quarterata et ingradata, in French, Il port d'or et gules quarti­lee engralee, in English, He beareth gold and gules quarterly engrailed: and they are called Armes en­grailed, because they bee of two colours, yet thus runne one into an other, as you see in this coate.

Of Armes quartered and irrazed.

Of these Armes quarte­red and rased, as by this coat appeareth, they be so cal­led razed, bicause the colors be irrazed, as one colour in blazing were taken awaie from another.

And it shall be saide of him which doth beare these armes thus: in Latine, Portat arma quarterata irrasa de albo et nigro, in French, Il port d'argent et sable quarterlee irra­see, in English, hee beareth siluer and sable quarter­ly irrazed.

Of armes quartered and inuecked.

There be armes quarterly inuecked, or as some say, they be armes quartered of colours enuecked, as here appeareth, for in them are two colours quarterly put the one into the other, and so one colour inuecked within an other:

therefore it is saide of him that beares these armes, in Latine, por­tat quarteratum de asurio et au­ro inuectis, in French, port quartrelie verre d'azure & d'or, in English, Hee beareth quarterly inuecked azure and golde.

Of Armes quartered indented.

There be diuers Armes which be quartered in­dented the two colours one indented into the other, as is shewed you in this shield:

and thus you shal blase such Armes, Portat arma quartera­ta indentata de rubio et auro, in French, Il port quartilee indentee de gules & d'or: in English, he beareth quar­terly indented gules and golde.

Of armes the longest way engrayled.

Of the second sort of Armes engrayled as is saide before of armes parted in colours plaine, of which, and the rest of this sort, I will not stand long, onely setting downe the Coates with their blazons where­by the maner may easily be discerned, hauing had the termes explaned to you be­fore by example in the quartred coates before go­ing.

And it shall be saide of him which beareth these armes he beareth thus, in Latine, portat arma partita secundum longum ingradata de argento et nigro ▪ in French▪ Il port d'argent ingrai­lee et sable partee du long, in English, he beareth siluer and sable engrayled parted after the long way.

Of armes parted irrased.

The third sort of armes parted of two sundrie co­lours and irrased, as before of quartered Armes irra­sed:

and he which beareth these armes thus, in Latine, Portat arma partita secundum longum irrasa de argento et ru­bio, in French, Il port pa­tee du long d'argent et du gules racee, in English, He beareth siluer and gules parted on length irrased.

Of Armes inuecked.

The fourth sorte of Armes parted or borne the long way in two sundry colours be inuecked, as is shewed in this coate,

which shall shew you howe much they differ from the coate before irrased, wherefore it is saide of him which bear­eth these armes, Portat arma partita secundum longum de co­loribus albo & rubio inuectis, in French, Il port partee verre du loin d'argent et de gules, in English, Hee beareth armes party inuecked in length siluer and gold.

Of Armes the long way indented.

The fift manner of bearing Armes in this sort is called party endented, as is shewed to you in this coate, in like maner before, as in the quartered Armes indented:

And it shall bee saide of him which beareth these armes, portat arma par­tita secundum longum de argento et nigro indentata, in french Il port partee indentee du loin d'argent et sable, in English, Hee beareth par­tie indented on length of siluer and sable.

Of Armes parted, cloudy, or nebulated.

The sixt part of these Armes borne, parted the long way be clouded or nebulated, as is shewed to you in this scutchion, called so, nebulated, because the coulours are mixed in man­ner of cloudes:

Therefore hee which doth beare these Armes shall be said to beare this, Portat arma partita secun­dum longum de argento asureo in nebulata, Il port par­tee du loin d'argent et d'a­zure [Page 70] innuble, in English, He beareth party at length of siluer and azure innebulated.

Of armes parted wauie.

Moreouer, besides these Armes aforesaide, yet there are armes borne diuided the long way, which are parted wauy or vndy, the colours bounding one vppon an other like to wa­ter troubled with winde,

which Armes shall be thus blazed: portat arma partita secundum longum de argento et rubio, in Frenche, Il port partee du loin d'argent & gules vndee, in English, Hee beareth parted of siluer and gules vndie.

Of Armes irrased ouerthwart.

Now will I speake of an other manner of partiti­on of colours in Armes, as shal appeare by this scutchi­on of armes ouerthwart ir­rased▪

and it shal be saide of him that beares this armes, in Latine, portat arma partita ex transuerso, irrasa de auro et rubeo, in French, Il port partee transuersee irrasee d'or et gules, in English, He beareth armes parted ouerthwart, irrased of gold and gules.

Of Armes parted ouerthwart indented.

Of armes indented and parted ouerthwart I doe meane to speake, and they be called indented, by reason of the intermizture of the colours in such man­ner of indentings:

and such armes are blazed in this ma­ner, Portat arma partita ex transuerso indentata de auro et asureo, in French, Il port partiee de trauers d'or & d'azure endentee, in English He beareth golde and azure parted ouerthwart and indented.

[Page]And now to speake more of Armes parted ouer­thwart, it shall be needelesse being sufficiently de­clared before in the rules of Armes quartered and parted, holding this maxime, inutilis est repetitio vni­us ad eiusdem: And I do beleeue it shal be hard to find many more Armes parted at length or ouerthwart than bee heere rehearsed, neuerthelesse, if any bee found, the same rules shall be obserued in them as are before rehearsed.

Of Armes borne in a chiefe.

Now some men there be, who would haue these Armes which heere I haue set downe in this scutchion to be termed parted armes:

but in this they erre very much, for that there is no equall partition of colours, nor any likenesse in diuid­ing the same, for in Armes parted, it is alwayes requi­red, that the colours should be equall in quantitie, which altogether faileth in this, because three partes of the sheelde be of one co­lour: therefore this coate shalbe blazed in this wise, Portat de argento et caput scuti de asureo cum duabus maculis perforatis de auro, in French, Il port d'argent vn chiefe d'azure et deux mulletties partees d'or, in English, He beareth siluer a chiefe of azure and two mullets perforated of golde.

[Page 72]And moreouer, you shall vnderstand, that no Armes can rightly be called parted Armes: But if they be of two colours, once parted, and no more: for in these Armes paled, or party paled, as in this scut­chion heere set downe ap­peares, although they be of two colours:

yet for that these Armes be diuersly di­uided in the forme of pales, they be called paled armes, which coate is truely thus blazed, Portat arma palata de auro et asureo, in French, Il port palee d'or et azure, in English, Hee beares pale gold and azure.

Of Armes paly vndated.

Armes paly vndated be often borne when as the pales thus mixe themselues with other colours, wherewith they be borne, with a kinde of swel­ling like vnto waues, as is shewed heere in this scut­chion,

which Armes are rightly blazed thus, Portat arma palata vndata vel vndosa de rubie et argento ▪ in French il port palee vndee de gules et argent, hee beareth paly vndated of gules and siluer.

Of armes paled, irrased, or crooked.

And you shall vnderstand, that these paled armes be borne diuersly, and in diuerse manners, as is she­wed in this Booke, yet shal you hardly finde them in a stranger sorte than in this scutchion which heere I set downe, when the two co­lours paly are mixed in this rased and crooked manner:

Therefore it shal be saide of him which doth beare this coate, Portat arma palata tor­tuosa de nigro et argento, Il port pale daunsete de sable et d'argent: Hee beareth pale crooked sable and sil­uer.

Of armes plaine barred.

As before hath already beene spoken of paled armes, nowe I intend to speake of Armes barred: and you shall vnderstand, that Armes in this sorte may be barred in sundrie manner of wise. But first I doe intend to speake of Armes plaine barred: in the blazing of the which, it is altogether vnnecessa­ry to say, hee beareth Armes plaine barred. But onely in blazing an other coate, to shew how that differeth from plaine barred armes, for some be bla­zed with a lion, greyhound, or other beast, and some [Page 73] be powdered with crosse crossets, mullets, crescents, small birds or other diffe­rences.

But blazing the plaine Baron, you shall saie thus, portat arma barrata de argento et nigro, in french, Il port barre d'argent & sa­ble: in English hee beareth barry siluer and sable.

Of barred armes vndated.

As in the coats of armes before declared and spo­ken of, quartered, parted, and paled, so haue you like­wise armes barred vndated, as heere is shewd to you in this scutchion:

the co­lours meeting togither in the manner of waues, which coate you shal blaze thus: portat arma barrata vndata nigro et albo: in frēch, Il port barri verree de sa­ble & argent: in English, he beares barri vndated of sable and siluer.

Of barred armes inuecked.

Barred armes inuecked are borne of diuerse gen­tlemen with colours inuecked: how they be borne barry wise, I shew you how in this scutchion: and [Page] he which beareth these colours in this wise shall bee said to beare thus:

Portat arma barrata de coloribus ru­bio et albo inuectis, in french, Il port barri verre de gules & d'argent, hee beareth barri inuecked of Gules and siluer, and I beginne with gules because that coloure is the first in the right corner.

Of armes barry crooked or sharpe.

There bee some which beare armes crookedlie barred as appeareth in this scutchion, and you shall make the like difference in this, as in the eolours borne in armes, paled af­ter the same maner,

and he which beareth these armes shall bee saide to beare in this sort: Portat arma barra­ta tortuosa de nigro et auro: in French, Il port barri d'auncete du sable & d'or: he beareth barry crooked sable and golde.

Of armes bendi barred.

Now to speake of armes bendie barred so called, because the two colours bee ioined togither bendy wise, as is shewd to you by example in this scutchion,

and therefore it shall bee said of him which beareth these armes. In latin, Portat arma bendaria de rubeo et auro. Il port barri bendee de gules & d'or: he beareth bar­ri bended of gules and gold.

And you must be ware and haue an especiall care in blazing armes paled barred or bendy, otherwise you may easily mistake, and be deceiued in the same, for that coat is rightly paled in, which the pales of both colours be equal in number, and if so be they be not equall as I prescribe, you cānot in blazing tearm them paled: & I find in diuers coats two pales of one colour, & three of another, as in this scutchiō which here I set downe, where as the gules seemeth to bee only the field,

therefore the gentleman which bea­reth these armes shall bee saide to beare this: Portat duos palos aureos in campo reu­bio: Il port de gules, e deux pales d'or, he beareth gules two pales of gold.

[Page]And you shall commonly and vsually finde in armes a barre betwixt two little barres or barrets as we tearme them in armorie both the lines or little barres, beeing of the same colour of the great barre betwixt them:

as you per­ceiue by this scutchion which coate shall bee thus blazed: portat vnam Barram et duas Barrulas de albo in campo de Reubio: in french, Il port de gules vn barree & deux barrelettee d'ar­gent: in English hee bea­reth gules, one barre be­twixt two little barrets of siluer.

Of armes barred with barrets flourie.

And those barres or small lines be sometimes flo­rished, as here in this scutchion you maie see, and so called florished, for that they be made in the man­ner of floure deluces,

which coate shall bee bla­zed in this maner, portat v­nam barram et duas barrulas floridas albas in scuti de asurio: il port d'azure vn barree et deux barrilettes floritees d'argent: he beareth azure, a barre betwixt two barrelets of siluer.

Of bends borne in armes.

And now comming to speake of bendes borne in armes, you must vnderstand that it is called a bende which beginneth at the right corner of the sheelde and descendeth to the left, as here I shew in this scut­chion which is a note suf­ficient to shewe the diffe­rence betweene a bende, & a fisure or little staffe of which it shall bee spoken of hereafter.

And of him which beareth these armes it shall be said thus: portat vnam bendam de Reubeo in campo de aureo: in french, Il port d'or, vn bend de gules: he beareth gold a bend of gules.

And as I shewed you before of certaine little bars borne in armes, in the like manner are certain little bends borne in armes, and they bee called bendils or bendilets:

and where a bend is charged in armes with two such bendils, as heere I shewe you in this scutchion, you shall thus blase the coate: portat vnam bendam et duas bendulas de au­ro in campo de asuro: Il port [Page] d'azure vn bend & deux bendilets d'or, hee beareth azure, a bend betweene two bendilets of golde. And these bends be sometimes florished as is shewed be­fore in the coate of barres and sometimes the bendi­lets be found inchained, & somtimes powdred with mullets, & somtimes with other differences which were needlesse to be shewed here.

Of armes paly bended.

And certainely the best manner of bearing of sun­dry armes in one shielde, is in these bends especially for him that hath a patrimony left him by his father, and other lands descending to him by his mother, to which lands of his mother armes are appropriate of olde time, and that the Armes with lande fall to her by discent, then maie a man beeing heire if hee will, beare the armes of his father in his shielde, and in such a bend beare his mo­thers armes, in such forme as appeares in this,

and it shall be saide of him which beares these armes, in latin thus, Portat arma palata de argento et reubio cum vna benda de nigro, Il port palee d'argent & de gules & vn bend du sable: he beareth palee of siluer and gules, with a bend of sable.

And sometimes we find these bends charged with three mascules or mullets of gold.

Of armes bendy fusilled.

Moreouer there be found in armes other certaine bends much differing from these as here I will shew you in this scutchion, of a bend fuselled of the man­ner of which fusels I will speake on hereafter.

And it shall be said of him which doeth beare these Armes, Portat vnam bendam fusilla­tam in campo de asurio: il port vn bendee fusillee d'or, he beareth azure, a bend fusil­led of gold.

Of borders in armes.

There are diuers and sundry borders founde in armes, of which some be plain, some engrayled, some talented, some plain powthered, some checked, some gobonetted, some inuec­ked, of which euery one shal be spoken of in order.

But first I wil speake of plain borders as appeareth in this scutchion, and it is tearmed a plaine bordure where it is of one cou­lour alone. And thus it [Page] shall be said of him which beareth this coate, portat tres rosas rubras in campo argenteo cum vna bordura de reu­beo, Il port d'argent trois Rosis de gules & vn bor­dure de gules: he beareth siluer, three roses of gules and a border of gules.

Of armes bordered en­grailed.

Armes with a border engrailed are vsually borne as I shall shewe you in this scutchion which heere I set downe, and it shall bee needlesse for me to shewe you what ingrayling in armes is, hauing sufficientlie declared the same in other coates already blazed.

But nowe comming to speake of armes with a bordure engrayled, I wil blaze this coate which heere I set downe, portat arma de auro fimbriata siue bordurata de ni­gro ingradata, cum tribus ma­culis perforatis de nigro: in french: Il port d'or trois mullettes perforatees de sa­ble vn bordure engraylee de sable: he beareth golde three mullets perforated of sable and a bordure en­grayled of sable.

Of armes bordered, tallanted, or besanted.

There are also borne in Armes a Bordure besan­ted or tallented, as in this scutchion, which heere I set downe:

but it shall bee needelesse in blazing to ex­presse the colour of the tal­lents or lessantes, because they be euer of gold: there­fore it shall be saide of him which beareth this coate, Portat vnum signum capitale de rubio in campo albo borduratum cum rubio talentatium, Il port d'argent vn cheueron de gules bordure de gules talentee, in English, Hee beareth siluer a cheueron of gules bordered with gules talented.

Of armes bordered hauing two cheuerons.

And oftentimes we finde in armes, that bordures are borne powdered in di­uerse manners, sometimes with mullets, sometimes with crossets, otherwhiles with besants, and diuers o­ther changes.

And then it is called a border powdered with that which is in the border, and these signes, as [Page] mullets, roses, and other are not comprehēded with­in any number in blazing exceeding the number of nine. And thus it shall be said of him which beareth these armes, Portat scutum de Rubio cum duobus signis capi­talibus de Albo & vna bordura puluerisata cum talentis: Il port de gules deux cheuerons d'argent & vn bor­dure de gules powdree talentee, hee beareth Gules two cheuerons of siluer and a border powdered with Besants.

Of a border checkered.

We haue yet another bordure in armes which is called a border checkered: and so called, because it is checkerwise in two colours, as here appeares in this scutchion,

and it shall bee saide of him which beares these armes in this maner: Portat vnam crucem rubinam planam in campo argenteo cum vna bordura scaccata de nigro et argento: Il port d'argent vn crois plain de gules borduree checkee du sable & d'argent, he beareth sil­uer, a plaine crosse of gules, a border checkie with sil­uer and sable.

Of borders gobonated.

Moreouer and besides the armes which I haue spoken of with borders, there is a border gobonated as in this scutchion next following: and it is called gobinated for it is made of two colours in quadrats or quadrately of blacke and white, and whosoeuer beareth these armes, shall be said to beare thus: Portat de argento et duas bendas de nigro cum vna bordura de albo et nigro gobinata: Il port d'argent: deux bendees de sable, & vn bordure de sable & d'argent: he beareth siluer, two bendes of sable with a bordure gobinated of siluer and sable:

and this same bordure bare that noble prince the Duke of Glocester, brother to that famous warriour, King Henry the fifth, the which royall Duke bare in his coate the whole armes of France and England quarterly with a bordure gobi­nated of siluer & sable, as in this scutchion set down.

Of bordures inuecked.

There bee yet Bordures in armes of two coulours inuecked as heere in this scutchion ap­peareth, and the reason why it is tearmed in­uecked: I haue shewed you in other armes be­fore: then of him which beareth these armes it shall [Page] bee saide thus:

Portat arma quarterata de rubee et auro, cum vna bordura de argento et nigro simul inuectis. Il port quarti­lee de gules et d'or ouesque vn bordure verre d'argent et du sable: He doth beare quarterly gules and golde with a bordere inuecked of siluer and sable.

But of these bordures there hath risen some doubt amongest such as haue pretended themselues to be skilfull in Herauldrie, as in the armes of the Earle of March, as heere in this scutchion:

there hath gro­wen a question, whether this shoulde be called a bor­der or not: but some haue affirmed, that Roger Mor­timer Earle of March when as hee liued bare Armes in this manner: Portauit arma palata, barrata, et contra­conata de asureo et auro, cum vno simplici scuto de argento, in French, Il port pale barree girone d'azure et d'or et vn escu simple d'argent, in English, He doth beare pale barrie countercoined of azure and golde with a simple sheelde of siluer.

[Page 79]And this opinion before rehearsed in the blazing hath pleased many, the which in no maner of wise can be true, for if these armes (as it is sayde before) were countercoined, then the lowest corner or coine of the Armes, that is, the lowest point of the sheelde shoulde not be of one colour as it is of a­zure.

But besides these proofes before rehearsed, it is certaine, that in all armes countercoyned, all the coines of what colour soeuer they be, meete toge­ther by their points in the middest of the sheelde, as in the next scutchion it shall be shewed: Therefore (in mine opinion) except greater aucthoritie can be shewed to the contrary: but they shall thus be bla­zed, Portauit arma barrata, et caput scuti palatum et an­gilatum de asurio et auro, cum scuto simplici de argento, Il port barree vn cheiff palee cunectee d'azure et d'or et vn estu simple d'argent: in English, Hee beareth barrie and a chieffe paly angulated of azure and gold with a simple sheelde of siluer.

Of armes countercoined.

There be diuers families which beare Armes coun­tercoined, as heere in this scutchion appeareth,

and these armes be called coun­tercoined, because the coins meete all together in one point in the middest of the sheelde, for euery border [Page] triangular is properly more of length, then of bredth wherefore the opinion of such as said that the armes before spoken of belonging to the Earle of March, were palie barry, and counter-coyned are to be re­prooued, because the colours accord not, as of neces­sity they shuld accord, if the aforesaid opinion were true. Therefore it shall be said thus of him which beareth these armes: Portat arma contraconata de asureo et albo: Il port Girone d'azure & argent▪ he beareth countercoynd of azure and siluer.

Of armes pyled.

For as much as we haue spoken of armes in which the colours meete togither in the midst of the shield now it followeth of cer­tain armes in which three pyles meete togither in one point,

as in this scut­chion which shall be thus blazed: portat tres pilas ni­gras, in campo aureo: Il port d'or trois piles de sable, hee beareth golde three pyles of siluer.

Of balles in armes.

Neuerthelesse you must note the difference in the blasing of these armes before, and those that come after, when you blase them in the latine tongue, for sometimes this woorde pila in latine is taken for a peece of timber to be put vnder the pillor of a bridge as in the scutchion before, and sometimes this word pila is taken for a ball such as wee plaie with, then it is called pila manualis, as in this scutchion,

other­whiles a foote ball which is in latin pila pedalis, there­fore it shal bee said of him which beareth these armes in latin, Portat tres pilas ar­genteas in campo reubio, Il port de gules trois peletees d'argent: hee beareth gules three balles of siluer.

And you must note this, that such balles haue all coulours, but the coulour of golde, for if they bee of golde, you shall terme them besants.

Of tortels in armes.

There be also tortelles that be little cakes which [Page] be greater than balles, as in this scutchion appeareth,

which tortelles be euer of a greater compasse than the balles in the Armes before set downe: and hee which beareth these tortels shal be said to beare this, in latine, Portat tres tortellas rubias in campo aureo, Il port d'or et trois torteulx de gules, in English, Hee heareth golde three tortelles of gules. And you must note this, that Balles, Besants, and Tortelles in Armes are alwayes whole round figures, and not perfo­rated.

Of Fountaines and Welles borne in armes.

There be certaine other round figures borne in armes, of white mixed sometime with azure, some­time with sable vndated, or after the manner of waues, which markes or figures be called fountaines or welles: and therefore ca­ry the colour of that which they represent, like water troubled with the winde:

And of him which beareth these armes thus it shall be saide, Portat tres fontes in [Page 81] campo viridi, Il port di vert et trois fountains: he bea­reth vert three fountaines.

Of Rings borne in Armes.

Now after these round figures aboue rehearsed, there be other which bee perforated as rings or an­lets, as is shewed vnto you in this scutchion:

And of him which beareth these armes, it shal be saide thus: Portat tres anulos aures in cam­po nigro: in French, Il port du sable et trois anulettes d'or, in English, He bea­reth sable and three rings of golde.

Of Tracts in Armes.

Hauing spoken before of bordures in armes, now it followeth to intreate of Tracts or lines: and first of a simple tract, as in this scutchion heere set downe,

and it is called a tract or line because it drowneth not the colour of the sheeld, but that the same appeareth as well within the charge as without, as it were repre­senting the bordure of a [Page] sheelde, Portat vnum tractum simplicem planam auream in campo asurio, in French, Il port d'azure vn tracee plein d'or, He beareth azure a plaine tract of gold.

Of a tract ingrailed on both sides.

A tract or line is sometimes engrailed on both sides, as heere in this figure appeareth,

and it shall bee saide of him which beareth these Armes in this wise: Portat vnum tractum ex vtra­que parte ingradatum de auro in campo rubeo, in French, il port de gules vn tracee en­graile de chestim coste d'or, in English, Hee doth beare gules with a tract ingrailed on both sides of golde.

Of a tract double and flourished.

This tract is sometimes borne double and flouri­shed, as in the armes of the King of Scotland, and as heere in this scutchion ap­peareth:

which armes bee blazed in this manner, in Latine, Portat duplicem tra­ctatum cum floribus gladioli contrapositis vno leone rapaci de reubio in campo aureo, in the [Page 82] French, Il port d'or vn double tracee flouretee countree et vn lion rampant de gules, in English, He beareth a double trace flourished contrary, and a lion ramping of gules.

Of Tracts triplatite and quadriplatite.

Also you shal finde more diuersitie of these tracts before rehearsed, for there are some families which beare these tracts triplatite, as in this figure:

and of him which beareth this coate in this sort you shall say thus: Portat tractum tripl [...]tatum de albo in campo aureo, in french, il port d'or vn tracee triplee d'argent, He beareth gold a trace triplatite of siluer.

Of a tract simple of two colours inuecked.

There bee other families which beare a tract sim­ple with two colours inuecked, as heere I haue set downe in this scutchion,

and the possessour thereof shall be said to beare in this wise: Portat vnum tractum simplicem de coloribus asureo & argenteo inuectis in scuto aureo: in French, Il port d'or vn trace simple verre d'azure et d'argent, in English, Hee beareth gold a tract simple inuecked of azure and siluer.

Of fisures or staues.

Hauing spoken of Bendes and their differences, now wee will speake of fisures or staues: the which doe euer beginne at the left corner of the sheelde be­neath, contrary to bendes, which beginne at the right and are drawen to the left:

And you shall vnderstand, that these fisures bee borne as many and sundry wayes, as bendes be: There be fi­sures plaine, engrailed, in­uecked, and fusillated, as I [Page 83] haue saide before in the place of Bendes: And these staues Bastardes are woont to beare, or should beare them: but most commonly wee do call it a fisure, because that it doeth cleaue the Armes in two parts, signifying thereby, that the bastard is diuided from the inheritaunce of his father. And such a Bastarde is forbidden for to beare the whole Armes of his fa­ther, because of the reuerence of blood: There­fore if hee will beare them, hee must beare them with this difference, thereby to shew his bastardie, from the naturall and lawefull heire of his father: and when you haue any such fisure in Armes in­grailed, inuecked, or fusillated, you shall blaze the same as is already taught you in the Chapiter of Bendes going before. And the bastard the which beareth these Armes shall be saide to beare them in this manner: in Latine, Portat vnam fisuram siue bacculum aureum in campo asurio, in French, Il port d'azure vn fees d'or, in English, He beareth azure a fisure or staffe of golde.

Of Armes borne with a head or a chiefe.

And you must knowe, that it is called a head or chiefe in Armes, when as the highest part of the sheelde is of one colour or diuerse, and that it doe not extend vnto the middest of the sheelde, as it is shewed you in this scutchi­on.

And this chiefe is of­ten borne in armes, by rea­son that oftentimes men haue landes descended vn­to them by their mothers, and that hee as heire to her may beare the Armes be­longing to his mother, the which oftentimes they doe carrie in this sort: But if hee be a man well descen­ded, and hath inheritance by his father, then may he beare his fathers coate in such a chiefe, and his mo­thers in the lower part of the shielde. And in this manner it shall be saide of him which beareth this coate, Portat vnum signum capitale de nigro in campo au­reo cum vno capite rubio et tribus talentis in eodem, in French, Il port d'or vn cheueron de sable et vn cheef de gules et trois besantes in le mesmes: in English, hee beareth golde a cheueron of sable with a cheefe of gules and two besants therein.

And there are some noble families which beare [Page 84] in a sheelde of golde (as is saide before) a cheueron of sable, or some other colour, and three red roses or white, or some other deuises or markes, as crosses, cressents, birdes, flowers, in a cheefe some of sable some of other colour with mullets or such like, and there shall euery one be blazed in his order, as the field and colours require, as if some man happely shal beare thus: he beareth sable, a cheueron of golde, three roses of gules in a cheefe of azure: or three mullets of vert perforated, and thus of all other dif­ferences.

Of armes paly with a quarter or canton of another colour.

Now there be some families which doe beare in their armes one quarter or canton of an other diffe­ring from the colour or colours of the sheelde, as heere you may perceiue in this scutchion:

which, whosoeuer beareth shall bee saide to beare in this manner: in Latine, Portat arma palata de asureo et auro cum vna quartera ermetica, in French, Il port palee d'a­zure et d'or vn quater d'er­mine, in English, He bea­reth paly azure and golde with one quarter ermine.

[Page]And you must euer be respectiue to the colour of that pale which should ascend to the right corner of the sheelde, if that quarter were not there, and in that colour you must euer beginne to blaze those Armes as if that canton were not.

Of Armes checkered.

Now to speake of armes checkered, as in this scutchion I shew you, and they be termed checkes when they be made of two colours in the manner of a checke boorde,

and these armes are borne with ma­ny differences, with cheefe, quarters, cheuerons, and bendes, as shall be shewed you heereafter, but first these armes are blazed thus, in Latine, Portat arma scakata de asurio et auro, in french Il port skakke d'azure et d'or, in English, he bea­reth checke of azure and golde.

Or cheuerons borne in Armes.

Nowe to speake of cheuerons borne in Armes, which in Latine are called, Signa capitalia vel ligna, [Page 85] and indeede they be a couple of sparres ioyned to­gether, as in this scutchion heere set downe you may perceiue,

which signes, as it should seeme were first borne of Carpenters or Ar­chitects, and the reason is, because a house is neuer made perfect vntill that the sparres be laied: and some­times two be borne, some­times three, and sometimes foure, as it is knowen: and of him which beareth these Armes it shall bee saide thus, in Latine: Portat de rubio et dua signa capi­talia de auro cum tribus talentis, in the French, Il port de gules et deux cheurons d'or et trois talentes: in English, he beareth gules two cheuerons of golde with three besants.

Of a cheueron engrailed.

Also this cheueron is sometimes borne ingrailed, as heere in this scutchion is set downe:

which then shal thus be blazed, in Latine, Portat vnum signum capitale ingradatum de albo in campo a­surio, in French, Il port d'azure vn cheueron d'ar­gent engraylee, in English, Hee beareth azure a cheueron of siluer engrayled.

Of cheuerons transmuted.

Moreouer in these markes or signes of cheuerons there be found borne transmuted and of diuerse co­lours, as in this scutchion which here I set downe it appeareth:

and the cheue­rons borne in this sort shall thus be blazed, in Latine, Portat arma quarterata de nigro et argento cum vno signo capitali de dictis coloribus transmutatis, Il port quartilee de sable et d'argent vn cheuron chan­gee loin de laltre: in English, Hee beareth quarter­ly fable and siluer with a cheueron of the saide co­lours transmuted.

Of cheuerons transmuted or counterchan­ged the long way.

There be also cheuerons borne in Armes trans­muted after the long way, as it may most plainely appeare in this scutchion,

& shall be blazed thus: in latin, Portat arma partita secundum longum de coloribus aureo et ru­beo cum vno signo cvpitali de di­ctis coloribus transmutatis, in French, Il port partee du loin d'or et de gules vn che­ueron changee lun de laul­tre, in English, Hee bea­reth [Page 86] party after the long way two colours gold and gules with a cheuron of the said colors transmuted.

Now to speake of this coate which heere in this scutchion I set downe,

I haue knowen some doubt arise about the same among such as pretended to haue great skill in armorie, some holding one opinion, some an other about blazing of the same: neuerthelesse, I do not thinke it a thing wher­of there shoulde growe so great a question: and thus I blaze this coate, in La­tine, Portat duas partes capit [...]s scuti de reubio & caeteram partem de albo admodum signi capitalis et tres rosas de co­loribus transmutatis, in French, Il port les deux par­tees du cheif de gules et le troiseme d'argent partees in maniere de cheuron et trois roses l'un de laltre, in English, Hee beareth two partes of the head of the sheeld gules, and the third part siluer in the manner of a cheueron, and three roses of the same colours transmuted.

Of fusils borne in armes.

There hath sundry noble families borne fusils in their armes: amongst the number of which my L of Glocester that noble prince vncle to king Henry the sixt was one, who bare in his armes three fusils of gules in the maner of a bar in a field of siluer: which armes this Duke bare, by reason of certaine landes [Page] belonging to the mount:

And here in this same scut­chion I haue set downe the like coate in forme althogh not in their colours: the which shall be blazed after this manner, in Latine: Portat de reubio et tres fusillos de argento, in the Frenche, Il port de gules et trois fu­sills d'argent, in English, Hee doeth beare gules three fusilles of siluer: and otherwhiles these three or foure fusilles be borne in maner of a pale.

And this is to be noted, that if these fusilles doe exceede the number of nine, you shal say euermore, the Armes bee powdered with fusilles: and so ge­nerally if any such markes or signes be borne aboue the number of nine, you shal say, the coate is pow­dered with the same.

Of one fusill borne in Armes.

Sometimes one fusill is borne in Armes, as heere in this figure it appeereth:

yet haue I heard some He­rauldes doubtfull thereof: Neuerthelesse I knowe the armory is good, and such a coate is truely thus blazed: in Latine, Portat de rubio cum vno fusillo de auro, in French, [Page 87] Il port de gules vn fusill d'or, in English, he bea­reth gules a fusil golde.

Of a fusill of diuerse colours.

Also these fusilles are sometimes borne of diuers colours, as here in the scutchion set downe appea­reth:

but yet it is more doubtfull how these Armes shoulde bee blazed than the other: but you shall blaze them thus, in Latine, Portat arma partita ex trans­uerso de albo et nigro cum vno fusillo ex eisdem coloribus trans­mutatis, in French, Il port partie de trauers d'argent et sable et vn fusil de mesmes colours lun de laultre: in English, He beareth armes parted barry of siluer and sa­ble with a fusill of the very same colours transmu­ted.

Of fusilles in the manner of a bend.

And you shall finde, that such fusilles are often times borne in the manner of a bend, as you shall [Page] perceiue in this scutchion:

which armes are thus to be blazed, in Latine, Portat vnam bendam fusillatam de au­ro in campo rubio, in French, Il port de gules vn bend fu­sill d'or: in English, Hee beareth gules a bend fusil­led of golde.

Of a barre fusilled.

Also you shall finde in armes in the manner of a barre fusilled, as in this scutchion it doth appeare:

and it shall be saide of him which beareth such Armes, in Latine, Portat de reubio cum vna Barra fusillata de ar­gento, in French, Il port de gules vne barre fusillee d'argent: in English, He beareth gules a barre fusil­led of siluer.

Some haue held opinion that such Armes began of Weauers, because this fusill or spindle is proper to their trade.

The difference betwixt fusils, mascules and lozenges.

And you must vnderstand, that the differences betwixt fusilles and mascules are these: first the fu­sils be euermore longer and smaller than mascules, the mascules be euer broader, and not so long as the fusilles be, as you may perceiue by the mascules in this scuchion,

which I blase in this manner, in Latine, Portat de reubio et sex masculas de auro, in French, Il port de gules et sex mascules d'or, in English, Hee bea­reth gules sixe mascules of golde, and very often you shall finde these mascules perforated.

Also there are Armes borne masculet, as in this figure following is shewed you: and you shall vn­derstand that those armes be called masculet, in the which the aforesaide Mascules beginne most plen­teously in the right angle of the shield, and are ended toward the left part, which indeed are paled, and are di­uided into three pales, if they be rightly done:

and of him that beares these armes shalbe said, Portat arma mas­culata de argento et asurio, Il port d'argent et d'azure ma­sculee: he beares siluer and azure masculet.

Of lozenges, and how they be made.

Now to knowe the true and perfite difference betweene Mascules and Lozenges, you must take this for a generall information and instruction, that the lozenge euermore standeth vpright, so that one of his pointes is euer directly towardes the toppe of the sheelde, and his other point towardes the bot­tome or lowest part of the same, and that both the pointes of the sides of the lozenge stand directly to­wardes the sides of the sheelde: and standing right­ly in the sheelde they doe stand in the fourme and manner of bends, as you most plainely perceiue in this scutchion which here I haue set downe:

And furthermore you must ob­serue, that neither fusilles nor lozenges be euer found perforated.

Of a Saltary borne in Armes.

There is also a signe or marke borne in Armes which is called a Saltarie, and it is made in the ma­ner of Saint Andrewes Crosse, as most plainely it appeareth in this scutchion here set downe.

And this Saltarie was a thing vsed in olde times in parkes, which was of great compasse and largenesse to take Deere or wilde beasts in, which be­ing once forced into the same, they coulde not get out againe. Wherefore in olde times these markes were giuen vnto rich coue­tous men or great farmours, that in what manner soeuer they came by their wealth, could neuer bee forced to part from the same: Which coate is to be blazed in this wise, in Latine, Portat de asureo et vnum saltatorium de auro, in French, Il port d'azure vn saltiere d'or, in English, Hee beareth azure a saltarie of golde.

Of a sautory engrailed.

Now you must vnderstand that these sautories be otherwhiles ingrailed, as heere in this scutchion,

and then they be caled sauteries ingrailed: which armes are euer blazed: portat vnum sal­tatorium ingradatum de auro in campo asurio, in French, Il port d'azure vn saltiere d'or engrailee: He beares azure a saltary of gold ingrailed.

Sometimes there are many sauteries engrailed in one sheelde, sometimes two, otherwhiles three, as in this scutchion appear­eth,

and of him that beares these Armes thus it shall be saide: Portat vnam barram planam et tria saltatoria ingra­data de auro in campo rubio, in French, Il port de gules vn barre plein et trois saltiers engrailees d'or: in French he beareth gules, one barre plaine, and three sauteries engrailed of golde.

Of Crownes in armes in maner of a pale.

And it is diligently to be noted, that speaking of such crownes in Armes, we must euer haue a regard howe they bee borne:

for sometimes they be borne in the manner of a pale, as you may see in this scutchion which is thus blazed, in la­tine, Portat tres coronas de au­ro palatas in campo asurio, in French, Il port d'azure trois corones palees, in En­glish, hee doth beare azure three crownes of gold paled.

Of crownes borne barred.

These three crownes be sometimes borne barred, as appeereth in this scutchion,

and you shall blaze it thus: Portat tres coronas aureas in campo asureo, in French, Il port d'azure e trois corones barres d'or: in English, he beares azure three crownes of gold barred.

Of three Crownes borne in the corners of the shielde.

Now to speake of these three Crownes borne in the corners of the sheelde, as in the scutchion here set downe you must note, that this is the most wor­thy fourme and manner of bearing such Armes, and the most auncient:

there­fore you shall say of him that beareth these crownes in this wise, in Latine, Portat de asureo tres coronas au­reas, in French, Il port d'azure trois corones d'or, in English, Hee beareth a­zure three crownes of gold.

Of Frets borne in armes.

A certaine noble man, the lord Awdeley of Eng­land bare in his armes a frect, which frects in like maner [Page 92] are borne of diuers gentlemen of great houses in all colours, as in red, in blacke, in golde, other­whiles single, otherwhiles double, and sometimes triple, and sometimes ouer all the sheeld:

and you shall find great differēce betwixt armes bended, & these frets wherefore it is to be noted, that in bended armes the colours equally are diuided: but in these frets the field e­uer abides whol, as in these armes of the L. Awdley: Portat arma frectata de auro in campo reubeo, in French, Il port de gules vn frect d'or, He beareth gules a frect of golde.

Of beasts salient or ramping borne in Armes.

Diuerse families beare beasts ramping or salient in their armes, of which as yet I haue made no mention:

Therefore to speake of a Lion or other beast borne in such manner as heere in this scutchion is shewed, I will thus blaze this coate, in Latine, Portat de reubio vnum leonem de argen­to, in french, Il port de gules vn lion salient d'argent: hee beareth a lion ramping of siluer: and hee is properly [Page] caled a lion rampant or ramping, forasmuch as his right foot ascendes to the right corner of the shield: and this rule is obserued in all beasts, hauing foure feet, as lions, leopards, beares, dogges, and such like.

Of Barres and Labelles borne in Armes.

First note wel the armes of a father as in this scutchi­on,

and then you shall see the difference as it shall bee borne by his children: for wee may see many beare Labelles in their Armes, as you shall perceiue in the Coates nexte following: And you shall knowe, that such Labelles are not properly markes or signes in Armes, but differences in those markes or signes, as when a man hath diuers sonnes, the eldest sonne shall beare the whole armes of his father with some lit­tle crescent in the same,

sig­nifying thereby, that he is still in hope of augmenting his estate▪ or hee may car­ry the coate with some o­ther little difference, as a crosse croslet, a mullet, or the like.

[Page 93]The second brother shal beare the Armes of his fa­ther,

with these three la­belles to the difference, to signifie thereby, that hee is the third which beareth those Armes.

Also the third brother in like manner shall beare iiij. labels, in token he is the fourth that beares those armes,

of whom the father is the first, the heire the se­cond, the second brother is the third, and so the third brother is the fourth which beareth these armes: and for this cause the third brother shall beare foure labelles, as appeereth in this scutchion: and so if there be more brothers, you shall increase your labelles after the forme before shewed you.

And the sons of those same brothers shal beare the same labels:

and in case that the second bro­ther which beareth three labels haue two sonnes, the elder sonne of those two which is heire vnto his father shall beare the [Page] whole armes of his father, with so many labelles as his father did, with a little difference, as heere appea­reth in this scutchion:

and the second brother shall beare the whole Armes of his father, with the same la­bels his brother bare, and no more, with a border, as here in this figure next en­suing shall be shewed vnto you, and as it is spoken of before in the chapter of Borders. And if there be a third brother, then he shall beare his fathers armes with the same labelles, and a border of an other co­lour for a difference, as in this scutchion which here I shewe vnto you.

And the children of those men shall beare their differences, not in their fathers armes, but in borders and diuisions di­uers.

And like as the children of the second brother, bearing three labels, haue their differences by their signes and borders, so the children of the third bro­ther, bearing foure labels, beare the same armes their father did, and so many labelles, and they haue also their differences by their signes and borders, as be­fore is rehearsed, and diuers other, as a lion ramp­ing, one part blacke, and another part red.

[Page 94]For, of all the markes and signes which be found in Armes, as flowers, leaues, and other deuises, it were too long and tedious to speake of, they be so innumerable: but for such rules as generally holde in Armourie, obseruing these which here I haue set downe, I doubt not but you shall finde them suffici­ent to blaze the hardest coate. Therefore take you heede to these rules: and although they touch not euerie particular in Armourie, yet shall you finde them to profite much, and shew you a neare way to some perfection in this knowledge.

And nowe lastly I wil proceede to this question, that is, Whether the Armes by the graunt of a Prince, or other great Lorde be of more dignitie, than those Armes which a man taketh by his owne aucthoritie, when it is lawfull for him to take him Armes at his pleasure. By which question you shal well knowe that wee haue Armes foure manner of wayes.

The first of the which is the Armes which wee haue by descent from our fathers or mothers, or our predecessours: the which manner of bearing of Armes is most vsuall, and most famous, vppon the which I intend not to stand long, being so wel approoued.

[Page]The second manner wee haue Armes by, is by our merites, as plainely appeareth by the addition of the Armes of France to the Armes of England, wonne by that victorious prince Edward the eldest sonne of King Edward the third then king of Eng­land, after the taking of King Iohn of Fraunce in the battaile of Poicters, which Armes are rightly and lawfully borne▪ and in the same manner may a priuate souldier take some great Lorde in battaile, the same souldier may carry the Armes of his priso­ner▪ and his heire shall in his fathers right carrie the same Armes.

The third manner is, when wee haue Armes by the grant of a Prince or some other great Lord: and it is to bee vnderstoode, that these Armes which wee haue by the grant of the Prince receiue no que­stion why a man doeth beare such a coate, for the Prince will not that such a question be asked, whie hee gaue to any man such Armes? Because whatso­euer pleaseth the Prince, hath the strength of the lawe, so it be not to ouerthrowe the lawe: except any man bare those Armes before, because that that which is a mans owne by a right title, may not bee taken from him, nor may the Prince doe it with­out doing wrong.

The fourth manner is, when wee beare Armes which we take by our owne proper authoritie, as we see in these daies, how many men by their grace, [Page 95] labour, fauour, or deseruing, are made gentlemen, some by their wisedome, some by valour, some by their strength, some by arte, some by vertue: and of these men, many by their owne aucthoritie haue taken Armes to be borne by them and their heires, whose names I thinke it needelesse to repeate: ne­uerthelesse I thinke those Armes so taken may bee lawfully borne: but yet they are not of so great dig­nitie and authoritie as those Armes which be gran­ted by the authoritie of a Prince or great Lord. And it is the opinion of many, that a Herald of Armes may giue Armes: But I say, if any Armes be giuen by a Herauld, that those Armes be of no more authoritie than those Armes taken by a mans owne au­thoritie.