A RELATION OF THE DEATH, OF THE MOST ILLVSTRIOVS LORD, Sig.r Troilo Sauelli, a Baron of Rome; Who was there beheaded, in the Ca­stle of Sant-Angelo, on the 18. of Aprill, 1592.

With a Preface, conteyning diuers particu­lers, which are wholy necessary to be knowne, for the better vnderstanding of the Relation it selfe.

Domine, quis similis tibi?

Psal. 34.

O Lord, who is like to thee?

Permissu Superiorum, M.DC.XX.

THE PREFACE TO THE READER.

THE Relati­on following, hath beene translated in­to diuers lan­guages; though not at all into ours, nor yet so care­fully, [Page 2]into others, out of the true Original Italian, as I could haue wished. The differences between the co­pies, which walke vp, and downe the world, are not great; sauing, that when there is question of truth; and that, concerning a no­ble subiect; and the same, accompanyed with variety of naturall, and liuely cir­cumstance, I cannot find in my hart, to let any diffe­rence goe for small. I haue therefore, at once, taken both paynes, and pleasure, [Page 3]to draw store of copyes into my hand, and it hath not beene without successe. For if I haue not layd hold vpō the very first Original, which was written by the Relatour himselfe; I dare say, that I am growne very neere it, & that it is precisely true. And this Elogium I will be bold to giue to the Discourse, which we haue in hand, that it hath beene reade in seue­ral countryes with extreme auidity. Nay perhaps there hath not issued, in many of these last ages, any one hi­storicall [Page 4] Relation, of a parti­culer accident, the The relation follow­ing hath been sel­dome read without tender­nes. con­sideration whereof, hath more often beene attended by teares, then this.

The The birth, & person, & parts of this Noble Man. Person whome it concerneth, was a Baron of Rome, Sig.r Troilo Sauelli; a braunch, which sprunge vp, from a root of as noble bloud, as a most certaine extractiō from the ancient Romans, could tell how to make it. His person, & the parts of his generous mind, are best described in the Re­lation it selfe, which follow­eth; [Page 5]so that, I will not heere by putting you to paynes, preuent the pleasure which there you wil haue to ouer­take them. The cause for which he suffered, is not specified there at all; be­cause his ghostly Father was the penner of this narrati­on; and it became not him, who was the others Iudge in foro Conscientiae, to become his Accuser, in foro Curiae. For although his crimes were extant then, and are so stil vpon Record; and that the penitent did besids (for [Page 6]his owne greater confusion, and the exaltation of the inuincible Patience, and Mercy of Almighty God) giue his Ghostly Father ex­presse leaue, to declare his sinnes to the whole world; the Father yet, would by no meanes accept of that liber­ty; but speaking only in ge­nerall wordes, of sinne at large; he The inuiola­ble seale of the Sacra­ment of Confes­sion; & how ten­der a good Ghostly Father, is, and ought to be. burieth the par­ticulers in profoūd silence, and vnder the seale of Con­fession, for reuerence of that holy Sacrament, which must neuer vpon any termes be defaced.

But I, who am free, will not consent to haue my handes tyed vp; but doe think it fit to let you know, that although his yeares were few, his crimes were great, & many; as doth stil appeare vpon the Record of his Processe. And betweene the sixteenth, and the eigh­tenth yeare of his age (till the former of which tymes, his vigilant, and holy Mo­ther, was able to keep him in the discipline of piety, & vertue) he sprouted out, in­to great exorbitances; and [Page 8]in the Company, and at the head of the These are men who for mur­thers, & other extreme insolen­cyes vse to be ba­nished and pro­scribed. They were wont in Italy, to go, in great troopes vp and downe, & to in­fest the passages. Sixtus Quintus, was one of the first, who broke their backe. Banditi, he committed both rapes and murthers, with a most tem­pestuous, and transported mind. Ominis The bane which is brought vpon young noble men by ill company.inimica amici­tia, seductio mētis inuestigabilis. He did too early, cast him­selfe into the hands of flat­terers, & wicked followers; and they made the way of sinne so smooth to him, as that he could not hold frō sliding through it. Nor was his tender youth so inno­cent, [Page 9]nor his education so excellent, but that the moath, and canker of lewd company, did soon corrode it.

Yet euen heerein, was not his misery so great, as the It is proper to God alone, to draw good out of euill. mercy of God, vpon this occasion, was infinite. His crims were not known, but by such alone, as would not easily aduenture to draw vpon themselues, the displeasure of so greate a house as his, by detecting them. The manner only of his life, in respect of ex­cesse, [Page 10]and riot, was such, in the exteriour, as wounded his noble, and tender Mo­ther to the very soule. The passages, and proceedinges whereof, are deliuered in the Relation it selfe, with so greate tendernes, in the person of her sonne, as stri­kes the hart of him that reades the wordes. I will not therfore touch that flowre, for feare of strikng off the dew, euery dropp whereof is a pearle. One circumstance only which is not mentioned there, I will [Page 11]heer expresse; because it wil not faile to serue, towardes the increase of compassion, in all their mindes, who reade this story.

You A cir­cumstā ­ce of great impor­tance, towards the mo­uing of compas­sion. shall therfore vnderstand, that when the Mother had vsed all other possible endeauours, both diuine and humane, for the reduction, and reforma­tion of her sonne, and all in vaine (for ought that she was able to perceiue) she caused him, for some offen­ces (which yet, were farre from being Capitall) to be [Page 12]committed to Castle (k) S. Angelo; This is the chiefe prison in Rome, as the Tower may be in Lon­don. in hope that such a disgrace, with the help of tyme, would make him re­turne into hmself. To this course she was the more encouraged, & in this hope the more confirmed, be­cause by this restraint, he would be cut off from that ill company, which was the very pest, and poison of his soule. But see, and won­der at Gods prouidence. He Any little en­trance into pu­blique disgrace carryeth danger with it, was no sooner in prison, but the fire of eager opposition brake forth of [Page 13]their hartes, whom, by his other more enormous inso­lencyes, he had offended; for till then, it had beene smoothered vnder the a­shes of that respect, and re­uerence, which they carry­ed towards the Dignity, & Nobility of his house. But now publique Iustice taking notice of his excesses; and Pope Clement the eight, in the beginning of his Pontifi­cate, being desirous to shew a strong example, of what vnpartiall Iustice, the world was to expect at his hands; [Page 14](especially in repressing, & extinguishing that afore­said damned crue of Banditi, who were so pernicious to the State of Italy, and of whom this yong Lord was growne a leader) did suffer the law to passe vpon his person (for his state was not confiscated, but went to his heyres, in bloud). Being euen yet therin, more Iust, then Clement; though per­haps he would haue been more Clement in pardoning, then Iust in punishing; if he could, by way of anti­cipation, [Page 15]haue seene the beauty, and brauery of that noble spirit, which deser­ued to liue as longe, as a world can do; as a patterne, of a mind most rarely com­pounded, between perfect Christian piety, and vn­daunted incomparable ma­gnanimity.

But whylest the This Lady dyed in the year 1611. and was bu­ryed on the 21. of October in the Thea­tines Church at Sant Andrea della val­le; wher she ere­cted ten masses to be sayd e­uery day, for euer. She was of the house of the Dukes of Cesi; and sister to the Marquesse of Riano; her name was la Signo a Flaminia. Mother, and the Sonne, are both of them restinge now in peace, and glory, as we may piously belieue; I know [Page 16]not how, in this particuler, to be silent, concerning the powerfull, and wise, and infinitely good The proui­dence of God, de­serueth to be deeply ponde­red, in this par­ticuler. proui­dence, of Almighty God, towardes both these seruan­tes of his. For, by the way of the The Crosse is the high way to heauen. Crosse, he brought the sonne, in a few momen­tes of time, to haue a soule in state of great perfection; and he gaue him, in the last houres of his life, that most happy kind of Purga­tory, wherin he might not only suffer, in satisfaction of the diuine Iustice, but passe [Page 17]on by merittes, (all groun­ded vpon the mercy of Iesus Christ our No action of man is merito­rious, but by the me­rits and first mercy of Iesus Christ our Lord. Lord (as all merits are) towards instant, and eternall felicity.

And this he did, by as contrary meanes, as in the Ghospell he cured a certaine Blind man, by The omnipo­tency of God, is not tyed to mea­nes, but workes his will, how he will. casting durt vpon his eyes. For heer be v­sed, the most indulgent ten­der care of the mother, who loued that Sonne, as her owne soule; towardes the bringing that about, which was indeed, to make him happy in the end; but in the [Page 18]meane tyme, was the occa­sion of his suddaine, and re­proachfull death, whereby her very hart was to be bro­ken. Taking him so from her sight, that so she might enioy a glorious sight of him for euer; & depriuing her of all humane comforts (which (for as much as con­cerned her) were abridged, & locked vp in him alone) that so she might, with con­tempt of the world, send her whole hart vp to hea­uen, whither now her trea­sure was gone before; and so [Page 19]be rewarded, for that ten­der and entire care, which she had taken, for his pious education.

It The blind & blocke­headed discour­se of worldly men. matters not much, what the blind, and dull world conceaues; which placing fayth in fancy; and religious reason in the trea­cherous sense of flesh and bloud; thinkes all that to be misery, which carryeth the face of paine, or shame, or any difficulty; and that true happines consistes in rowing for a whyle in some boate A fit emblem to shew the vani­ty of worldly pleasure. of musike, downe [Page 20]the tide; though it carry them soone after, where they are either to be split vpon rockes, or swallowed vp by quick-sandes. Wher­as God knowes (yea & men whohaue his grace, are not ignorār therof) that a course of felicity, not interrupted, or checked by contrary windes, is a kind of fortune (for as much as concerneth the next life) which in this, deserueth rather pitty, then enuy; and that, euer fince the death of Iesus Christ our Lord, the way of the [Page 21] Crosse, is The crosse of Christ our Lord, hath made misery, to be­come happy. not only the more safe, but euen the more honorable; and that the pleasures, and pastimes of this life, ar but a kind of butterfly, for boyes to play withall; & that the greatest earthly felicity, that euer was enioyed by man, if it dyed not as soone as it was borne (which yet is the or­nary case of World­ly plea­sure speakes faire, but it lyes. worldly ple­asure) at least, if it liued til it could learne to speake, it told as many lies, as it vtte­red wordes; and charmed them first, whom quickly [Page 22]after, it might lead towards a precipice.

How desolate, would a worldling thinke, that the case of Signor Troylo Sa­uelli was, in that night when he receaued the newes of his so instantely approa­ching, cōtumelious death? And of that deare Mother of his, when she heard the blow was giuen, which par­ted that head from those shoulders? And Af­fliction, made the Mo­ther, & the Son, seeme misera­ble; and be hap­py. yet with all, is it both well knowne, that the Mothers losse of such a sonne, did cast her [Page 23]much more close, vpon an vnion and sole dependance for all her comfort, vpon Almighty God; (wherein the happines, which we can haue in this life consists) and it is morally certaine, that the abundant grace of Contrition, and Charity, which God infused into the hart of the Sonne, euen by the occasion of his very sins (so vastly & infinitely good is God) did put him instant­ly, after his death, into a state so blessed, as that the Pope himselfe, vnder whom [Page 24]he died, and those Princes amongst whom he liued, and all the Monarches of the whole world, may be ac­counted to haue bin misera­ble, according to their pre­sent state, in respect of him. Our deare Lord Iesus, be eternally thanked (& not only by vs, who know not how to do it well, but by all his holy Angells, and Sain­tes) for his owne infinite goodnes; since he vouch­safes to He could easily honour himselfe other­wise, without any be­nefit to vs, if he were so pleased. place the point of his Honour, in shewing mercyes, and working won­ders [Page 25]vpon man, so instantly, so sweetely, so powerfully, and so like a God. And for hauing suffered, in his owne sacred soule, & body, such desolations, and torments, as obtained, at the handes of the eternall Father, not only the remission of our sinnes, (if we will serue our selues of the Sacraments, and other remedyes which he hath left in the bosome of his holy Catholike Church) but the adorninge also of our soules, with the inhe­rent giftes, and graces of [Page 26]the holy Ghost. And yet further, for that he hath knowne, how to make our very sinnes, and greiuous crimes themselues, the meanes, some times, wher­by we obtaine greater gra­ces, then This indeed is a mer­cy, which may wel become the gre­atnes of our God. we should haue done, if we had not com­mitted those very sinnes. Let the whole world ther­fore adore thee, O Lord, and sing prayses to thee; and let all the powers of all soules cry out, and say with that holy King, and Pro­phet Dauid, O Lord who is like to thee?

A great example, and proofe of this power of God, and of the diuinity of Christ our Lord, and the vnspeakable bounty of the Holy Ghost was the so speedy illuminating, & inflaming the soule of this Baron. Who, as soone as he recea­ued the notice of his death, did, in his proportion, fol­low the example of the Blessed Apostle. For as he, to Christ our Lord, appearing sayd, O Lord, what wilt thou haue me doe; so did this no­ble Caualliere of Christ, [Page 28]when the Preist, & Lieute­nant of God spake to him, giue himselfe away by these words, as the Relation shew­eth; Do The instant quiet re­signatiō of this Baron to the good wil of God.you, in the place of God commaund me, I giue my selfe, as bound into your hands; and further it affirmeth, that he suffered himselfe to be managed, as if he had beene made, of the softest waxe.

It is not impossible for a man to meete with some Roaring Boy, who may thinke that the Baron was to submisse. But it is one [Page 29]thing to be a Roarer of the damned Crue, and another to be an humble member of the body of Christ; who assured vs, by his owne sacred mouth, That Hu­mility is the true badge, of true Christi­anity.vn­lesse we became as children, we should neuer enter into the king­dome of heauen. The world was lost by the pride, and presumption of the first A­dam; & repaired by the humi­lity of the second. And The incom­parable humili­ty of Iesus Christ our Lord. he that considers well, how greate that Humility was; and whose it was; and for whose sake, and at the will [Page 30]of whom, he exercised the fame; had need of a great proportion of stupidity, to make him thinke, that, since God himselfe vouch­safed to be at the command of those base and impure wretches, who tooke of his cloathes, and required him to submit himselfe to those scourges, those thornes, those nayles, those blasphe­mies, for our sakes, and sinnes; yet, on the other side, this An vgly and abhomi­nable pre­sumpti­on. man, this proud rebellious worme, this crumme of dust, this drop [Page 31]of filth; might keep, for­sooth, a kind of State, and should not rather submit himselfe (in imitation of the humility of Christ our Lord) not only to Superi­ours, but to equalls, and e­uen inferiours also, and in fine to al This is the aduice of S. Peter; Subdits estote omni creatu­rae. the world when iust occasion should be of­fered.

The soule of this noble Man, was so well softned, & sweetned, by the vnction of the Holy Ghost; as that neither the greatnes of his Nobility, nor the ardour of [Page 32]his youth, nor the naturall boyling courage of his hart, nor the fresh memory of his prosperity, nor the vn­expected arriual of his mi­fery, could make A hart which is truely touched by Gods holy spi­rit, will ouer­come strange difficul­tyes. him once repine, or keep him from instantly abasing him­selfe. But falling deeply v­pon the consideratiō of his sinnes; and weighing duely how full of demerit he was, in the sight of God; and knowing exactly, that no­thing is so truly ignoble, as a soule which hath for­feited his grace; and that [Page 33] rich, or poore, is little to the purpose; but wher­in eter­nal, true Nobility doth consist. that the thing which imports, is to be, or not to be, the seruant, or sonne of God; it is not strange, to see him cast him­selfe at the feet of common soldiars; and to stretch out his hands, with such meek­nes, at the will of the mea­nest laylours, for the loue of our Lord, to signify ther­by the detestation wherein he had himselfe, for hauing so presumptuously offen­ded, that Eternall Maiesty, which by all the Angells is [Page 34]adored.

From The reasons why he was so frequent in con­fessing his sins. hence also did it proceed, that he so fre­quently confessed himselfe, in that last night of his life; & could neuer thinke that he had sufficiētly deplored his errours, and detested the discorrespondence, and ingratitude, wherewith he had answered, the vnspeak­able benefits, of Almighty God. Wherein if any man should thinke, that he did vse excesse; it willbe much more lawfull for me to doubt, that himselfe, either [Page 35]hath a meane conceit of the Infinite Maiesty which is of­fended; or an ignorant ap­prehension, of the deformi­ty of al sinne which is com­mitted; or a proud, & pal­try mistaking, of the No­thing which man was, till he was created; and the worse then Nothing, which after­ward he grew, by sinning. For If you weigh these thinges wel, you will change your won­dring at him, in­to won­dring at your selfe. he that pōders these particulers, as he ought; and knoweth, that the of­fēces into which he falleth are innumerable; and that the least of them, which is [Page 36]committed against an infinit Maiesty, in respect of the obiect, is also infinite; and that, as no one good deed shalbe vnrewarded, by the rich Mercy of God, in Christ our Lord; so no one trāsgression shal be left vn­punished, by his exquisite Iustice; will easily belieue, that in the space of a night, it is hard for one to be too curious, & too carefull, in setting straight the accoūt of his whole life, vnder the piercing eye of Almighty God. But this Baron, did, [Page 37]euen by moments, in that short tyme which was left, by the goodnes of God, ac­quire new Great light of God is wont to breed greate loue of him, & greate sorrow, for ha­uing so shame­fully of­fended him. light, & gaine new loue of our Lord, and new contempt, & detesta­tion of himselfe; and in the strength thereof, he found some actions to confesse, which he had not concea­ued to be sinnes before; & others which he had confes­sed, he had confessed with a sorrow, far inferiour, to that which then he felt.

For abstracting from the consideration which he [Page 38]had of his sinnes, against God (in respecte whereof, no soule is sufficiently able to quake, and tremble vn­der him) I trust there is not a readers eye in the world so dimme, as not to discerne his vndaunted hart. And The vndaun­ted cou­rage of this Ba­ron. that, no thought of death, had any power, to take the least clarity from his vnderstandinge; the least presence from his me­mory; the least agility from his witte; the least order from his speach; or so much as the least puntillio, from [Page 39]the ciuill respects and com­plementes, which are vsed amongst persons of his Na­tion, and Condition. Nor yet, on the other side, shall any man haue reason to thinke, that the punctuali­ty, which (throughout the processe of this Relation) he shall find to haue been ob­serued by the Baron, in this last This courtesy & com­plement was not affected, but free and na­turall. kind of courtesy, did proceed from the least affe­ctation thereof. Perhaps, if we looke neere home, we may find some example to haue been giuen of this, not [Page 40]longe agoe; but in the pre­sent case, no suspition of it, can be intertained; both for many other reasons, which will occurre to him that readeth the Relation; and because (as I sayd before) these exact tearmes of Ho­nour, and other respects to the company, which then is present, are is it were natu­rall to men of his country, and quality; and there would cost them more pai­nes, to omit them (vnlesse their mindes were put into disorder, by some passion) [Page 41]then it would cost others, to obserue them, where they were not so naturall, as be­ing learnt by industry, and art. But yet, that in so sad a case, this man, would, for good manners, forbeare to set vp his leggs; or would not so much, as stretch him­selfe in the sight of others, though his body did much incline him to it (according to that mention which the Relation makes therof) may wel go for a great argument in him, of ciuility, of mo­desty, and of magnanimity.

And this is that which I thought fit to represent to you, by way of Preface, to this Story. You will find the traces & foot-steps of put­ting men to death, and of the proceedinge which is held with The seuerall māners, of trea­ting de­linquēts in soue­ral coū ­tryes. delinquents, to be very different, from that of our Countrey, both concerning the body, and the soule. I take not vpon me, to say which are better, and which are worse. With vs, the Processe of criminall persons, is euer made, in the face of the world; but they [Page 43]are not suffered to haue any aduocates who may defend their causes. In most other Countryes, the delinquēts are permitted to haue Ad­uocates, but the Processe is made, though in publique Court, yet only in presence of the Iudges and some few Aduocates, and Officers. With vs, the delinquēts are suffered to liue some dayes after their comdemnation; which certainely is meant in compassion to them; in other parts, after they are iudged to dye, and that so it [Page 44]is declared, they thinke they do men a greater cour­tesy, in putting them quick­ly out of paine. With vs, there is no difference in the manner of death, between a Clowne, & the best Gen­tleman of the Kingdome, vnder the degree of a Baron, vnlesse it be, in some very rare case, by most particu­ler fauour of his Maiesty; but in all other places, that I haue seene, all Gentlemen are beheaded, to distinguish them, frō such as are igno­ble. With vs, no indignity [Page 45]is euer done to a Noble man of such as Barōs are, and al aboue them. Title, by binding of his hands, or armes, or the like; and that custome I commend, as full of Ho­nour; but in many other places, they beare no such respects; in regard of the experiēce which they haue found, and I feare, which still they are in, of insolen­cies.

But for as much, as concernes the comfort of criminalls, in the prepara­tion of their soules, towards the death of their bodyes, [Page 46]I cannot but note it, as a point of charity, and piety most It is the grea­test cha­rity, to help mē to dye well. remarkeable, that in very many of the good townes of Italy and Spayne, there are certain Companies, or Confraternities, of Gentle­men, well borne and bred; who put this obligation of duty vpon themselues, to visit the prisons, espe­cially in the night prece­dent to any executiō. And, togeather with Religious persons, and Ghostly Fa­thers, they watch, and pray, and exhort, and comfort [Page 47]the poorest criminalls of the Country, with the same industry, & charity, which is heere, affoarded to this Noble man. And they ac­company them all, to their death; and sometimes, they discharge their dying harts of care; either by vnder­taking to pay some of their debtes, or by assisting the poore wife, and children, which are left behind; or by obliging themselues, to get S. Monies vpō the point of her death, desired S. Augu­stine her Sonne, that he would pray for her soule at the al­tar, whē she should be dead: and so he did. Vide August. Confes. l. 9. cap. 11 [...]. & 13. Masses celebrated for their soules. And in con­formity of these good en­deauours, [Page 48]we see men dye in those partes, with another manner of disposition to­wardes God, then vsually they haue with vs. Where it is a lamentable thing, to see many of so profane stu­pidity, that after liues most lewdly lead, they go either drunke, or dauncing to the gallowes. As if, they were but to dye in a play; or as if, after this life, there were no immortality of the soule; or els, at least, no account to be rendred, I say not, of idle words (which yet must [Page 49]be done) but of most wic­ked deeds, wherof many of them are guilty.

The example which heere we haue in hand, will read, to all the Readers of it in generall, a good lesson of humility, patience, cour­tesy, magnanimity, obedi­ence, and charity. And All kind of people may profit, by the good lessons which are heer deliue­red. it may serue for an instru­ction, not only to such as dye, by the hand of human Iustice; but to al them also, who are to dye by the hand of God, as we al shalbe sure inough to do. That so, we [Page 50]may the better take heede of sinne, which is to be so bitterly bewayled; and the more deeply we be fallen into it, the more instantly we must implore the mer­cy, & goodnes of Almigh­ty God; and dispose our selues to the doing of pen­nance; that so, by his fa­uour, we may secure our soules, from the danger of being plunged, into that lake of eternall paine. This lesson I say, may reach to al Readers in generall. But particuler Readers may [...]

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