THe ſiege of Ratisbone by the Imperiall and Bavarian Armies, with ſome preparations made by Duke Bernhard of Saxon Weymar, for the defence thereof, concluded our laſt diſcourſe of his proceedings; wee muſt now alter the ſcene, and follow him into another Province, where he falls upon the Enemie, burning, and waſting his Country, whileſt his power is imployed in this offenſive forraigne war.

It is an Aphoriſme among Phyſitians, whoſe ſtudy only tends to the preſervation of the Naturall body, that if a fluxe of ſharp humours fall upon the eye, or any ſuch tender part, that if by fit purgative medicines they cannot carry it away, the ſtream muſt be turned, and the matter tranſported to the cōmon ordinary neighbour Emunctories: And many wiſe Commanders, whoſe care extends it ſelfe to the preſervation of the body politique in peace, have followed this Rule, That when the Armies of aliens in hoſtile manner ſhall invade their territories, the only expeditious wayof ſecuring their own, is to fall upon the Enemies land, that ſo hee may be called home, and diverted from his former counſels. Thus Pericles in the Peloponneſian war, twice, and both times ſpeedily, and happily delivered the Athenians countrey from the formidable Hoſte of the Lacedemonians: Thus Agathocles the King, oppoſing feare to feare, and force to force, conveighing his Army by ſea into Africa, ſuddenly raiſed the Siege of Syracuſa, when Amilcar was ſet down before it, the Carthagenians being conſtrainedly willing to purchaſe their ſafety, with the quiet of their Enemies. Thus Hannibal when the Romanes had ſo ſtrongly planted themſelves before Capua, that hee eſteemed it a matter of extream difficultie, if not impoſsibility to remove them by force, brought his Army to the gates of Rome, deeming this the ſureſt way to quit his friends from imminent danger: and this device was ſo ſucceſſeful, that Fulvius Flaccus one of the Conſuls, was inſtantly ſent for home from Capua, for the reliefe of the Citie. And the D. attempted about May 27. Iune 6. to deliver the Citie of Regensburg from the fury of the beſiegers, by an inroade into Bavaria, pillaging and ſpoiling the enemies countrey, blocking up one place, beſieging another, and doing him what dammage they could in every place. And this courſe of his was the cauſe that about Iune 11/1 ſome Imperiall Regiments were ſent back into Bohemia, to aſſure that Country againſt the Proteſtants, & ſome of the Bavarians Army marched downwards by Strawbingen into Bavaria to ſecure thoſe coaſts from invaſion.

The Fort of Ro •… berg beſieged by D. B •… . And yet the D. Weymar at his firſt going from Rhegensburg, looked not towards Bavaria, but Franconia; and therefore marched by Newmarck a towne in the upper Palatinat towards Altorff, where wee finde him in his head quarter May 31 / Iune 10. But hence hee ſtraight diſlodged, marching towards the river of Pegnitz, and thence hee firſt applyed himſelfe to the ſtrong Fort of Rottenberge, where hee left the Lieutenant Colonel Laverwaldt, with 1500 Muſquetiers and ſufficient ammunition to beſiege it, who ſo well diſcharged his office there, that by Iune 5/15 he had made his approaches to the very walls neere the Shiniger ſteeple, ſecured his Army from the danger of the Canon, and much diſcouraged them within the Fort, who were not onely hemm'd in by Enemies without, but pincht and ready to faint, for want of water within.

Thence hee marched with the reſt of his Army to Forchaim, a Citie which had not onely formerly ſupplyed the Caſtle of Wilsburg, when it was beſieged by the Swediſh Colonell Sperreuter, and Landgrave Iohn of Heſſen: but now alſo is a neſt of trouble ſome gueſts to their Neighbours, daily doing much harme about Megeldorff, Gleishammer, and the places thereabouts, by pillaging. 〈…〉 act of a Swediſh S •… We cannot here paſſe over a memorable adventure of a Swediſh Serjeant, whoſe name though it be not diſcovered to us, is worthy to be recorded for his valour and wiſedome. Some ordinary men have done ſtrange things caſually, but few by praeelection and judgement; but this man ſhewed as much diſcretion in the proſecution of his deſigne, as boldneſſe in the firſt undertaking; The ſtory is briefly thus: About Iune 1/11. 400 foot, and 80 Horſe of the Imperialiſts at Forchaim▪ having laid a bridge over the river of Pegnitz above Megelldorff, went a bootehaling, in the Country thereabouts, and had drove away many of their cattell. This Serjeant accompanyed with two Horſemen, as he was comming to the D. underſtanding of it by chance, aſſociates himſelfe with them immediately, profeſſing himſelfe to be an Imperialiſt, till the whole company being divided to ſeek for more prey, be (under pretence of a faire bootie) had drawne out a Standard, and an Enſigne ſo far fromt he reſt, that hee had ſufficient opportunity to diſpatch his firſt intended buſineſſe. And now having thus ſurpriſed them, hee diſcloſes himſelfe, tells them plainly what hee is, a Swede and their enemie; ſets upon them when they looked for no ſuch entertainment, and had killed them preſently, bad not theycraved Quartier. But this ſuddain unexpected change of his words and behaviour, made them petition for their lives, which he granted upon their diſarming, giving up their Piſtols, and ſubmitting themſelves to his command. This act of his, could not be done ſo ſecretly, but that it muſt needs, and was in the end diſcovered to the reſt of the Imperiall party; and therefore about 20 of them preſently purſue after him, as wel to avenge themſelves upon the Swede, who had thus deluded them, as to recover the Standard, and Enſigne. But he who had gotten a pretty advantage of way before them, poſts on with his prize and priſoners toward Noremberg, whither at laſt, being happily preſerved by the fortunate comming in of ſome Musketiers from the Suburb of Werth, who were marching againſt theſe boote-halers, and the Boores of the Country, who had taken up Armes, and were come together to ſave their cattell, which by this meanes were regained: he ſpeedile arrived, bringing in the priſoners, the Standard, and Enſigne, which the next day were preſented to the Duke, who with the Field-Marſhall Horne was come thither Iune 2/12 that with their preſence they might honour the funeralls of the Generall Major Corville, who was ſlaine by a wyer-bullet before Regensburg (as we have related in the ſupplement to the ſixth part of this Hiſtorie) and was after the Military manner honourably buried in the Suburbs of Werth, Iune 5/15. The Standard had on the one ſide the picture of the Virgin Mary, on the other, an hand reaching out of a cloud, and the Enſigne was blue, and white, which this adventurous Serjeant thus atchieved. A ſtrange attempt, and hardly to be paralleld in Hiſtory. Neither the fact of Zopirus in bringing the Babylonians to his maſter Darius his ſubjection, nor the ſtratagem of Hannibal in taking in the Romane Cities by his Africans, whom he had caused to be perfectly inſtruſted in the Latine tongue, and dreſſed in the Roman garbe; nor the device of our owne Countrymen in the yeare 1388, in the time of Richard the ſecond, by entring and taking the towne of Mont-ferrat in the lower Auvergne under the ſhew of merchants, being every way comparable to it: Zopirus by mangling his face, and falſe tale, had brought the Babylonians into ſuch a fooles paradiſe, that they could not thinke, but that he was at tearmes of enmity with his maſter, and would take occaſion of vengeance; The device of Hannibal was rather an evidence of a cunning, reaching head, than valiant man; and the deſigne of our Nation, was without ſhew of perill, there being many undertakers, and the town unfortified, & without a Garriſon, diſable to reſiſt them; But this man ſingly expoſing himſelfe to certaine death if once diſcovered, gave a good teſtimony aſwell of his valour as policie. And doubtleſſe he was well inſtructed in his Shibboleth, being not onely perfect in the Enemies language, but able to conform himſelf, to their behaviour, & geſture.

Forchaim blocked up. And now to returne to the D. himſelfe, wee find him marching towards Forchaim, a citie (if Mercators report be true) belonging to the Biſhop of Herbipolis, commonly called Virtzburg, and having the river of Regnitz on the weſt, and the Wiſent on the eaſt, which emptieth it ſelfe into Regnitz at the ſouth point of the Citie; before this place he ſat downe with part of his Army, about the 7/17 of Iune, not only for the cauſes aforementioned, but alſo becauſe the Norrimbergers received much dammage, as well by the Garriſon here, as thoſe in the Fort of Rottenberg, this being not above 15, the other but 9 Engliſh miles diſtant from that citie, and having blockt it up, and cut off that ſtreame of the Wiſent which watereth the Citie, left the Field-Marſhall Crats before it with ſome Regiments, who as they write from Norimberge Iune 7/17 hath raiſed 5 batteries againſt it, and makes no ſpare of powder and ſhot to batter it, Sultzbach taken by Scalado. and ſent Colonell Roſa to Sultzbach, wherein the Ambergers had laid a guard of 150 Dragooners, who by Iune 10/20 had taken it by Scaladoe, put the Dragooners to the ſword, and made good booty there. He went with the reſt of his Army towards Bavaria, being joyned by the waywith Guſtavus Horne at Donawerth, where now for a while we ſhall leave him waſting and ſpoiling the Country.

The continuatiō of the ſiege of Regensburg. And now we return to Regensburg, a citie not ſo famous either for her firſt Founder, which was Claudius Tiberius Nero the third Romane Emperour, or the royall name hee gave it, which was Tiberina, or Auguſta Tiberii, or the proper name of Ratisbona, given it in after times, for the good ſhips which were thence ſet out, or the many names given it by ſtrangers, as Reginoburgum, Rhaetobonna Rhaetopolis, Hyaſpolis, Imbripolis, Regnipolis, Taetratopolis, Quadrata, & Germanſheim, or that it was once the Metropolis of Bavaria, and principall ſeat of reſidence of the Kings and Dukes of that Region, as it is now likely to be by this preſent ſiege, wherein the beſiegers have hitherto ſhewed no better arguments of their purpoſe to take it, then the beſieged have done of reſolution to keepe it. Their diſputations on both ſides are with ſhot and ſword, and the oppoſitions of the one are not more fierce and fiery, then the anſwers of the other are round and ſpeedy.

In what eſtate the D. Bernhard left the Citie, wee have formerly declared; we wil not now look behind us to what was then, but before us to what is done ſince.

Divers aſſaults had the Imperialiſts made upon the citie, before the 17.27. of lune, wherein they gained ſo little, that as yet they could not be maſters of ſo much as one outwork, though with the loſſe, and lives of many thouſands of men, whereof ſome part was ſlaine before the towne, another taken priſoners, and the third ranne away, and ſtarved; it ſee me that they came on deſperately, and were repulſed valiantly. Thus we are informed in generall, but to give the Reader the more ſatisfaction, wee ſhall put downe ſome memorable particulars.

Whileſt the Imperiall and Bavarian Armies were jointly ſet downe before this citie, with about 150 peeces of Ordnance, they firſt battered that place of the wall, where D. Bernhard firſt made the breach, when he took it; but finding the event not to anſwer their expectation, their Army being thus quartered, in Regiments, in all making 6000, whereof 2000 were Musquettiers, placed on the North ſide of the Donaw; neere the Ship-bridge; 7 Regiments of Foot conſiſting of 5000 men, under the command of the Generall Altringer on the Bavarian, or Southſide, 6 companies under the command of Gallas; 7 companies of Dragooners under Piccolomini: 9 companies of Pollacks; and 2 of Prench at Kalmuncz; 15 companies of Cuiraſſiers, at Swandorff, 3 Regiments conſiſting of 16 companies, 6 companies under the command of Colonell Hummerton, and 8 under the command of Colonell Butler at Smidhalen. Upon Whitſunday May 25. June 4. when they continued playing with the canon upon the City, and the horneworke, till 4 in the afternoone, they made 3 ſeverall aſſaults upon the horneworke, which though it was not built to the full perfection, was couragiouſly defended by Count Thurn and his ſoldiers, whoſe valour that day was not ſo commended by his friends, as admired by his enemies. The loſſe the Garriſon had in theſe aſſaults, was not great, compared to that of the Imperialiſts: they loſt not above 12 men, amongſt which were none of note: the other many, the number is uncertaine; amonſt which was the Baron of Teubrize, who had formerly been Commander in that Citie while it was under the Duke of Bavaria, who with the Generall Major Dietrichſtein, Colonell Iulidado, and other principall Officers, was ſlain, Colonel Breuner, who was firſt wounded in three ſeverall places, and afterward with Mariams Lieutenant Colonell, the Major of Colloredoes Regiment, and other Officers of note in the Army were taken Priſoners.

Theſe three were the moſt furious aſſaults, which the Imperialiſts have hitherto made againſt the City: the unhappy events whereof, made them afterwards to goe on more warily, and to endevour by mynes and more ſecuremeans to compaſſe their deſires. And herein the defendants apply themſelves to defeat them in their manner of working, unwinding the clue as faſt as the other make it up, countermining againſt them, to undoe what the other have done. Two ſallyes made by the Garriſon upon the Cam • pe. And yet theſe attempts of the Campe, were not altogether unrequited in their owne kind by the Garriſon, who both upon Whit-munday at night, ſallied forth of the citie, beat the Enemy out of ſome of his trenches, tooke 15 priſoners, got above 100 Muskets, ſlew many ordinary ſoldiers, and ſome Officers, whoſe ſwords they carried away with them into the citie; and upon Iune 10.20. appeared againe without the Hornworke, as if they meant againe to have done the like: whence preſently as afraid of their Enemie, they retired purpoſely toward the towne, to draw the Imperialiſts to purſue them, to the outworks, where they had placed ſome field-pieces, charged wich ſmall ſhot, for the ſlaughter of the aſſaylants, if they ſhould chance to follow them. And this device tooke ſuch effect, that the Camp being incouraged, by this (as they conceived) timorous flight purſued them to the very outworke, where theſe Murderers being diſcharged upon them, made ſuch a Maſſacre, that many of them there loſt their lives, to the great diſcouragement of the Army, and incouragement of the Regensburgers. It is good to looke before we leap; policie is often ſuperiour to power, and wiſdome prevaileth againſt unregulated might.

Hitherto we have diſcourſed but of the beginning of this ſiege, the proceedings whereof (with the want of preſent proviſions for that numerous Army before it) have been terrible, and many Well-willers to the Evangelicall party, have been perſwaded, that before this time, the King of Hungarie would have riſen from before the Citie: But he who is reſolved either to take it or ſpend himſelf before it, ſtill maketh great preparations againſt it, and hath ſent for 9 whole Canons, and 2000 barrells of powder, from Brauna, in Bavaria, and 4000 weights of all ſorts of Ammunitionto be brought unto him out of Bohemia and Auſtria.

Kelheim taken by the Imp. While things are thus carried at Regensburg, Colonell Roſa who was then at Kelheim, a town ſcituated upon the Bavarian ſide of the Donaw, at the very point where the Altimull comes in, to pay his tribute of waters to that more famous ſtreame, and diſtant from Regensburg about 10 Engliſh miles to the Northward, was beſieged there by ſome Imperiall Regiments of the Army, and as if hee had loſt the courage there, which he ſhewed in the ſurpriſall of Sultzbach, ſurrendred it upon compoſition Iune 6.16. being forced to march out without Enſigns, or weapons, to the great offence of the Duke, both becauſe he had not firſt burnt the Ship-bridge, as alſo for that he held not out one day longer; which if he had done, he had certainly been relieved. The ſurpriſall of Sultzbach was quickly avenged by the Imperialls at Amberg in the upper Palatinat, who preſently thereupon ſet upon 4 companies of the Weymariſh Horſe, defeated them, and tooke from them 3 Standards, and the moſt part of their Baggage: And this action againe was requited by the Swediſh Garriſon in Weygen, which defeated an Imperiall convoy, which was going with 40 Wagons loaden with victuals, to the Imperiall Army at Regensburg, and carried away the proviſion: The Dye falls not alwayes alike, Gameſters muſt expect to loſe, as well as to win, and the fortune of war, doth not alwayes carry the ſame face: A lowring evening hath ſometimes ſeen him a Captive, whom a glorious flattering morning hath laughed on, as a Conqueror.

A piece of politicall diſcipline ſhall conclude this Chapter, wherein war appears more illuſtrious then peace; A Swediſh Lieutenant hanged. for that, which in a quiet and ſetled eſtate may ſomtimes without danger be neglected, in a tumultuarie hurry cannot ſafely be omitted. A Swediſh Lieutenant having taken upon the Boden-ſea (a known lake betwixt Helvetia and Schwaben) 2 ſhips laden with come and wine, left the ſhip, and went on ſhoare with his ſoldiers to drinke; The Mariners, whowere better inclined to the Imperiall, then the Princes party, inſtantly made uſe of the time, hoyſed up ſayles, and carried the prize to the Enemy. It was then in vaine to looke after the Saylors, who were gone out of reach; the Councell of war therefore made inquiry after him, who was in their power, arraigned, and hanged him. An excellent piece of juſtice; The very name of treaſon is abominable, and though it diſcover a malitious mind, and inclination to doe evill, yet it is not alwayes ſeconded with the occaſion, and power of execution; wilfull negligence in matters of importance, is almoſt, if not altogether, as bad; for hereby the adverſary hath fit opportunity of doing what miſchiefe hee can deſire. A good ſoldier muſt have a vigilant eye, and an induſtrious hand, as well as a loyall heart; for otherwiſe, hee expoſeth himſelfe, and confederates, to much neceſſity.

OPportunity, whether in peace or war, if not neglected, is the beſt engine, & moſt advantageous; in peace, the thriving Merchant, by taking the benefit of wind and tide, makes a quick return, and gainfull; and in war, the ſpoiling bands of the ſouldiery by ſeaſonable uſe of their preſent occaſions, load themſelves with the prey of their Enemies. The ſeverall ingagements of the Duke Bern: of Saxon Weymar, and the Field-marſhall Horne, and the dis-union of their Armies, which ſo continued, till Iuly 1.11. when they were united into one body betwixt Donawerth and Augſpurg, Iohn de Werth pillageth Ortinguen. &c. gave opportunity to the Bavarian Commander Iohn de Werth, to range about Franconia, plundering and ſpoiling thoſe places, which had any relation to the Evangelicall party. Iune 2.12. he ſhewed himſelfe with 50 Cornets of Horſe, all Crabats and Hungarians before Hippolſtein, Windelſtein, Heideck, and ſome other townes in Franckenland, preſuming ſometimes to advance even to the Gates of Norimberge. But all this was but a bravadoe, his deſigne lay elſewhere; nor ſtayed hee long to ſhew his bravery, but quickly returning towards Bavaria by Pappenheim, upon the Altimull, and Donawerth upon the river of Danubie, he ſtraight wheeled about againe, towards Ortinguen, and Dreutinguen, which hee ſacked in the abſence of theſe Generalls, and the particular Commanders of thoſe places, carrying away a great prize, 2000 heads of Cattell, 300 ſacks of meat, and 300 priſoners to Ingolſtade. In like manner, the Governour of Aicha, knowing that Horne havingother ingagements, could not give attendance only upon that place, as ſoone as he underſtood, that hee was gone from thence with his Army contrary to the agreement, and his promiſe, returned againe, and re-poſſeſt himſelfe of the place, from which hee had ſo lately beene ejected. The town of Aicha re-taken by Horn and the Governour hanged. I know not in this action, whether he was more to be condemned of folly, or falſhood, both theſe appeare plainely in his undertaking, folly, in that he could imagine himſelfe able to hold the place, which was now unfortifyed, (for the gates were demoliſhed, and the fortifications caſt downe by Guſtanus Horus) which hee could not keepe fortifyed▪ falſhood in breaking his word and oath, then which nothing ought to be obſerved more religiouſly. Peradventure hee had learned the doctrine of Jeſuiticall Equivocation, and only meant to keep his promiſe of not returning, as long as the Field marſhall ſtayed there; it had beene better for him to have dealt plainly, and kept his word punctually, for by the forfeiture of his credit, hee loſt his life ignominiouſly, and betrayed the Citie to deſolation utterly: the treachery was ſoone diſcovered to the Marſhall, who returned inſtantly, and ſtayed not to ſummon the towne, but tooke it by aſſault, put the moſt of the to wnſmen and ſoldiers to the ſword, hanged the perfidious Commander before one of the gates, and burned the towne to the ground. This was good juſtice and required by the law of Armes, for he that doth not puniſh ſuch faithleſneſſes, openeth a gap to all perfidiouſneſſe.

Iohn de Werth taken priſoner. The Army of the Ba • arian Werth, who dealt more fairly (for he did nothing but what was lawfull for an Enemy) hath ſince his practice of hoſtile pillaging, been once defe • •… d by G • ſhav •… H • rne neare Auſpurg, whence hee had the purſuit of his confuſed Army, almoſt to • achaw, the ſpace of, & German miles, and in the end •… orly • uined by D. B •… burd I •… 7.17. betwixt Landſhut and Pſaltenhoven, where 〈◊〉 of his Soldier were ſhine, and himſelfe •… tly • ſ •… ped.

Dachaw, Fryſing, Mosburg, and Landſhul taken by Duke Bern • . And now to paſſe over the ſeverall encampings and removings of theſe 2. great Commanders before the meeting of their forces, in the firſt place I finde, that by July 8.18. they had taken by compoſition, Dachaw, upon the river of Amber; Fryſing, and Mosburg, upon the Iſer, which Cities to ſave themſelves from pillaging, promiſed to ſupply the Army with as much come as they could get, and as much proviſion, as they could conveniently ſpare; and from thence marched towards Paſſaw, with intent to releeve Regenſpurgh, in which attempt, I ſhall for a ſhort ſpace leave them; for now, we muſt looks abroad towards Alſatia, and the Lake of Conſtans, where the Swedes, and Souldiers of Otho the Rhinegrave are bickering with the Imperialiſts, and theſe againe, returning of blowes to them.

The Rhinegrave Otho Lodowick, to whoſe care the war in Alſatia was firſt committed, being gone from thence towards Tyroll, to attend the comming downe of the Cardinall Infante with his Italians (whom he waited upon with 7000. men taken out of his Armie, and 9000. others ſent unto him upon the way, by the direction of the Rixchancellor Oxenſtierne) and having deputed his brother Iohn Philip his Lieutenant Generally the Imperials in the garriſon neer to Rhinefelden, ſeeing the Leagues thus weakned, entered into a conſulation how to deliver the town, and to deliver the Imperiall commander Morcye who kept in, from the Swediſh Armies. To this purpoſe, June 5.15. all the horſe in Briſſuck, and 400 Mus • etiers, being ſent from thence, joyned with •… o •… in Villinguen, and 1000. Boores, marched directly againſt the Campe before Rhinefelden. This plot of the enemie, was not caried ſo cloſely, but that it was in good time diſcovered to Iohn Philip the Rhinegrave. And he to ſecure the Campe, ſent out a party of 25. Horſe to deſcry the number of his enemies, and the manner of their March, and upon the view, by ſhooting off their piſtols, to give a general warning to the Leaguer; they were not gone farre from the Campe, but they had eſpied the Imperiallsupon their march, who at once giving ſire upon the Rhinegraves horſemen, did (what they ſhould have done) give notice to the Campe of their approaching; and the volley of ſhot, was not onely harmeleſſe, to the 25. horſemen, but beneficiall to the Campe, and hurtfull to themſelves. For they preſently perceiving, themſelves to be diſcovered, fled in ſuch diſorder and confuſion, that not above 100. of them went together any one way, and (as it is probably conjectured) thoſe few horſe which were ſent out to diſcover them, might alone have made flaughter of many hundreds of them, if they had purſued them. But they returned to the Campe, and thence ſome others were ſent after them who overtooke ſome ſtragling Companies, and ſlew as many as they found.

4. Companies of Lorraine Horſemen defeated by the Garriſon at Enſiſheim. The ſame night, and to the ſame purpoſe, 4. Companies of Lorraine horſe intending to have joyned with the Briſſackers, Villengueners, and Boares of the hart, (the woodland of Alſatia) were diſcovered in their March by the Swedes in the garriſon of Enſiſheim (ſituate upon the Ill, a river, in the edge of the Hart) who preſently made after them, overtooke them in the Forreſt within two German miles of Enſiſheim, and ſixe from-Rhinefelden, ſet upon them inſtantly, ſlew 40. of them, tooke 16. priſoners, and got 50. faire horſes with their ſadles, and piſtols.

The firſt defeat of the Briſſackers, had not ſo much diſheartned them, but that within few dayes after having peeced againe their ſcattered forces, they renewed their former attempt; but how unhappily they proceeded, let this following letter of Iohn Philip, to his brother Otho Lodowicke the Rhinegrave ſpeake; whoſe tenor is as followeth.

The names of the officers, which were take priſoners are theſe;

Thus he expreſſeth his victorie, modeſtly and religiouſly, neither extolling his owne wiſdome in fore-ſeeing the danger, nor valour in conquering the Enemie, but imputing the firſt to his Brothers care, and aſcribing the laſt, to him, who might challenge it juſtly; and doubtleſſe, herein hee ſpeakes truely, for it was not his owne ſword, and his bow, but the hand of God which gave him the victory.

This defeature hath not onely much diſcouraged them at Rhinefelden, but at Bryſſack alſo, for ſo they write from Colmar, an Imperiall citie in the upper Alſatia, diſtant from Bryſſack about 8. Engliſh miles. They at Rhinefelden during the abſence of the Swediſh Army, had gotten-in two ſmall boates loaden with proviſion; and becauſe it was perceived by the Generall at his returne, that this might make them not come in, therefore about June 24. ſ • ilo n • v • , he intended to aſſault the towne on both ſides, and had done it, if he had not beene that morning aſſured by ſome which eſcaped out of the Citie, of the great want, and penurietherein, that they already were glad of Horſe-fleſh, and had devoured at leaſt 26. Horſes, and that the officers had rigged a Ship, and intended to eſcape by the River; this information diverted him from his firſt adviſe; and inſtead of attempting any thing upon the towne, he put forth many veſſels well manned to the Rhine, to attend there, if happily they ſhould attempt that way, to evade him. The Bryſſackers, though they have a ſtrong garriſon, yet knowing that the activity of the Souldiers dependeth upon their leaders, are much dejected, becauſe their chiefe Commanders are ſurprized, and may not returne from Colmar, (whither they were brought after the laſt action) to doe them ſervice. And now we may briefly ſee the generall eſtate of the upper Alſatia, much diſtracted by theſe warres, and the particular eſtate of Rhinefelden, much diſtreſſed, and that of Bryſſack much perplexed.

About the Bodenſea, neither the Swedes, nor Imperialiſts are idle, in that little corner, both parties are intereſſed, the one endeavoureth both to keepe what he hath gotten by the ſword, and inlarge his territories; and the other ſtrives to hold, what he is now, and was, poſſeſſed of formerly, and to recover what he hath loſt lately. Buckhorne a little towne, but of much importance, neere this Lake, is daily ſtrengthened, by the Swedes, with new fortifications. Here are many Ship-wrights ſet on worke, to make men of warre, after the faſhion of the Hollanders, twelve whereof were finiſhed about the beginning of June, which ſince have done ſo much harme to the Imperialiſts thereabouts, and put them to ſuch feare, that they dare no longer rove abroad at Sea, as they have done formerly, but are faine to ſolicite the neighbouring Romiſhly-affected Sea-townes againſt theſe Enemies, who now appeare as terrible upon the water, as they have beene formerly, at land; 5. Ships taken by the Swede • upon the Bodenſea. for preſently, upon their firſt launcing, they tooke from the Imperialiſts, upon the Lake of Conſtance, 5. Ships laden with Ammunition, and military inſtruments, (in one of which theyfound 1000. Rexdollars, and many Jewels of good value) and put the Souldiers which were in them to the Sword

Ratolfoe Cell, beleaguered. The Imperialiſts to avenge their loſſe at the Lake, fell ſoone after, with their united forces, upon Ratolfoes Cell, a towne upon the under Lake; this towne, the Vberlingers, they of Lindaw, Bregents and Conſtance conjoyning their forces battered out of 5. ſhips by Sea, while their land men ſtrengthened with a ſupply of Spaniards, about 4000. ſtrong thought to have pent up the Swediſh Commander Shavellskie at Arch, and detained him from either comming to releeve of ſuccour his friends in that towne. But hee at length, by the Wirtenbergers, and ſome of the Rhinegraves forces, being delivered, from that reſtraint, went immediately to the beleaguered place, whence he wrote to the Major of his Regiment Iohn Iames Fefferling at Ravenſpurg, to informe him of the ſtate of the Citie as followeth. June 26. July 6. P. P. The towne of Zell is not yet in danger, the Enemie hath beſieged it by water and land, and battered it hard by the ſpace of 3. dayes on both ſides; eſpecially that time, when wee arrived, when, though he ceaſed not to play upon it the whole night, (thankes be to God) hee got but little of the towne. I am certified, that yeſterday they have caried to Conſtance 2. ſhips full of dead, and wounded men; that day we ſallied forth, and put many of them to the ſword, and after our retirement they aſſaulted us, but to their loſſe, our ſouldiers fought couragiouſly and heat them back. This day they ſtirre not, and to morrow (God willing) I ſhall be ſupplied with ſome freſh Muskertiers, and will then try all poſſible meanes to chaſe them away. God grant us good ſucceſſe. Thus far the Colonel, And his actions ſeeme to have kept time with his words, The ſiege raiſed. for ſhortly after being ſeconded by his friends from the Dukedome of Wirtenberg, hee raiſed the ſiege and chaſed the Enemie from that towne; which he preſently ſupplyed with a garriſon of 400. men, victuals, Ammunition, and other neceſſaries for a whole halfe yeere, and himſelfe marched to Buckhorne, ſtill keeping a watch over the Imperialiſts, and attending their future deſignes. This miſadventure of the Imperiall undertaken hath been ſince that is evill to ſome of the places from whence they came, as it was then unhappy to the perſons ingaged in the buſineſſe. Vberlingen, which a little before was left by the Swedes, and had gotten at leaſt a breathing time of liberty, is now againe hereupon blockt up by the Wirtembergers, which loſe no time, nor ſpare no coſt to bring their works to perfection, but imploy daily 1500 men to labour in their fortifications. At Conſtance, beſides the mutinies of the Soldiers, who are diſcontented for not receiving their promiſed pay; there is daily heard the voice of wofull lamentation, and direfull exclamation, mothers and children bewailing the loſſe of their husbands and fathers, and exclaiming againſt the Commander Wolffegg, who perſwaded many of the Citizens to leave their lawfull occupations, whereby they got their livings, and follow this unfortunate war, wherein they loſt their lives.

The ſtate and actions in the upper Palat. The ſtream of the ſtory ſhould now run to Regensburg, where the Cyclopes in Vulcans forge labour not ſo hard to make Mars his Armes, as his followers doe the •… to marre them; but that, the upper Palatinat never ſo glorious by the famous Citie of Norimberge, (Quâ non Germanis eſt ulla celebrior oris) as now unhappy by war, commands the quill to diſtill a few black drops in remembrance of her miſery. Bruck & Reitenbach burned. The Ambergers are ſtill ready to deface ſome part of the beauty thereof with fire; Bruck and Reitenbach a faire marker townes, being already by their voluntarie hoſtilitie, conſumed by that devouring Element, and Chamb a towne of note in the Eaſterne part thereof threatned with the like fa • e for hoſpitality, and •… ertaining (the Swedes) ſtrangers. And yet, why ſhould accuſe the Ambergers 〈◊〉 it was not the natives or in •… itants which did this evill, but the Soldiers in the Garriſon▪ 〈◊〉 ſince that time, being viſited with the plague of peſtilence, whether by contagion of ayr, putrefactionof their victuals, theſe ſecundarie meanes, or the immediate h • nd of God. The Garriſon at Amberg viſited with the plague, quit the place. I diſpute not: having willingly left this refuge, and held it ſafer for themſelves to adventure upon the ſword of their Enemies abroad, then to hazard the deadly ſhot of that arrow which flyes at noone day, and ſtrikes mortally before it appeare viſibly.

Colonel Corpus defeated. But beſides the harmes done in thoſe parts by the Garriſon, the Baw • rian Colonell Corpus, ranged about the Country, and did much violence; Him, the Weymariſh Lieutenant Colonell met withall about Tachaw, June 15.25. (that very day, wherein Aicha was firſt taken by the Field-marſhall H •… u • ) and though he was attended with his Regiment of 800 Horſemen, fought with him, foyled him, put a great part of the Horſhmen to the ſword, amongſt which were ſome Rit-maſters and Officers, and tooke many priſoners; in the number whereof, was one Lieutenant, and 2 Ritt-maſters. And thus this Country is for the preſent relieved a little, but if long it will ſo continue, it is not in us to determine, that is only knowne to him, who diſpoſeth of times and ſeaſons at his pleaſure: we may pray for the peace thereof, which is likely ſo long to be uncertaine, as the warring parties ſtand in any oppoſition.

The ſtory of Regens. continu •… . The deſignes formerly mentioned, are but as light skirmiſhes to a fet battell, or as thoſe Myrmitoleones in Plinie, to the Lybian Lyon, in reſpect of the ſervice at Rhegensburg: The King of Hungarie is yet reſolved to take it, or loſe his Army, and the beſieged have ſtill concluded to hold it, or ſpend their blouds in the quarrell.

2 Burgundian Regiments ruinated by a ſally. While part of the Imperiall Army was before Ketheim, the Citizens and Soldiers made a ſallie upon the Campe, and utterly ruinated 2 whole Regiments of Burgundians, tooke the Officers priſoners and brought them into the Citie, and •… ew the reſt with the edge of the ſword. This wound in the Army went fo •… c • hing neere the quick; the King himſelfe (who is ſaid once to have laughed, when he heard that 3 or 400 men had loſt their lives in a deſperate aſſault) wasſenſible of the loſſe, and ſent to Vienna for freſh ſupplyes, 6000 freſh men ſent frō Vienna. whence he was ſhortly furniſhed againe with 6000 new ſoldiers, which hoped in 3 weekes at the furtheſt, to have their quarter, not without in the trenches, but within the walls and houſes of the Citie. This was about Iune 16.26. The D. of Bavaria in the Camp. Some few dayes after the D. of Bavaria in his owne perſon came into the Campe, and with his preſence and large promiſes much incouraged the aſſailants: Other 4000 men come to the Camp. and within a weeke after that, the Commander What went downe from Amberg with 4000 men, and 4 fire morterers, the better to finiſh this worke, which at the firſt they thought ſo eaſie, and at laſt found ſo difficult. And now began that flame to burſt out, which was not to be extinguiſhed, but with rivers of bloud, the ſwords of theſe adverſaries claſhing together ſtrike fire, and a ſpringing fountaine from their owne veines muſt quench it.

The D. of Bavaria who had taken up his quarter at Degenheim above Donawſtauff, perceiving the Prebunner ſteeple in the wall to be boared in many places with the canon, but not battered downe, promiſed the Canoniers a ſumme of money, if they did ſo beat it downe, that it might fall into the moat, ſuppoſing the rubbiſh thereof would fill up the ditch, and make a plaine way for an aſſault. The Gunners in the Leaguer laboured tooth and nayle to effect it, and they in the towne did their beſt endevour to prevent it, who ſallyed out upon the Campe Iune 22 being Sunday, ſet upon the Boeckiſh Regiment at Brull, and brought it to utter ruine.

The Boeckiſh Regiment ruinated. In theſe manners of attempts, wherein they have ſince that time been frequently practiſed, the Boores of the upper Palatinat (of which ſort of people there were many in the towne) did good ſervice. The Boores within doe much hurt with their morning ſtar. Theſe ruſtick fellows, being firſt well lined with liquor, oft-times fel upon the Imperialls in their trenchee, where with an inſtrument, called by them the morning ſtar, (it is a ſhort club armed with pikes, the ſame weapon the Boores of the upper Auſtria uſed, when theyrebelled againſt the Emperour) they • nocked them down • with mortal ſtroakes, every blow they gaue being as deadly, as their adventure was deſperate. This unkind entertainment did yet no whit abate the courage of the beſiegers, the Bavarian on the one ſide of the Danubie, and the Imperialls on the other, ſtill continued their batteries, and making their approaches nearer to the Out-works, 4000 ſhot made upon the City. by Iune 30 had made 4000 great ſhot upon the Citie: and yet, the beſieged ſhewed no token of dejection, themſelves by letters preſently after certifie the D. Born. that they could yet with conveniency expect his ſuccours, that yet there was no want of proviſion within the towne, that though they had loſt ſome number of men in the Enemies a •… ulte, and their own ſallyes, yet they could make of Boores, Cit •… ns, and Soldiers, 8000 able fighting men, and that they would rather ſacrifice their lives in defence of the city, then leave it to the Enemy for a prey; and the Imperialiſts themſelves teſtifie, that for all that which had been done hitherto, the Garriſon and Citie would heare of no agreement; though they beleeved they would quickly change their mindes, when they found their friends, for w • nt of ability, failing them; and themſelves pinched with thoſe miſeries, which muſt neceſſarily fall upon them.

The happy proceedings of the Saxon, and Swediſh forces in Sileſia, and a flying report of Duke Bernhard, and Guſtavus Horne their comming downe (which was afterwards confirmed by the Dukes owne letter • , directed to Count Thurn, and intercepted be the Imperialiſts) by this was brought to the Campe; and then the Generalls thinking it neceſſarie to ſend ſome Auxiliaries to their Army in Bohemia and Sileſia, (for a Currier which came poſte from thence, brought Letters which certified, that •… leſſe they did ſo, and did it ſpeedily, all was loſt) and •… willing to have this Swediſh Army come upon their backes▪ they intended to make ſhort work of this ſiege, that ſo they might anticipate D. Bernhards counſell, and after they had done here, make ſpeed againſt the Saxon, and Brandeburgher, with a ſufficient force to encounter them, though both their Armies ſhould joyne together: and now, they play at all, their batteries are multiplyed, their aſſaults more frequent, and reſoluter, then they had been formerly; their fire morterers are imployed, and Granadoes caſt into the Citie, that ſo every way they might impeach it, and bring it to their ſubjection.

The City aſſaulted on both ſides. About Iuly 3.13. foure Regiments at once aſſaulted the Earle of Thurne his quarter, behind and before, and forced him to retire from his Horne-worke, with the loſſe of 30 men which were • laine out right, 10 Soldiers, 1 Captaine, and 1 Lieutenant which were taken priſoners, and carryed to the Campe; and on the other ſide of the Citie, the Bavarians ſet upon the Overwerth and Vnderwerth at once, and tooke the firſt, with the Sconce belonging to it, but were repulſed from the other, the Soldiers within behaving themſelves manfully, to defend the Mills upon the Danuby, and building againe by night, what was beaten down by the Canon in the day: Count Thurn in d • nger. In the firſt aſſault it was reported, that Count Thurn himſelfe was brought into captivity, but the relator was miſadviſed, it was his Lieutenant Colonell, not himſelfe; who, though he was in ſuch perill that he craved quarter, yet that being denyed him, he eſcaped by flight, avoyding a great volly of ſhot, made after him by lying proſtrate on the earth, and his captivitie, by ſpeedy riſing, and running before the Enemy could well charge againe. This was the day when the letters ſent by D. Bernhard (as is formerly mentioned) were intercepted; and now they ſet all their inſtruments at worke, a furious battery, which laſted the ſpace of 2 whole dayes was the firſt courſe, and this being ſeconded by an aſſault, which laſted from morning till night, about Iuly 8.18. wherein the Imperialiſts were beaten off, with the loſſe of 400 men; the Granadoes were ſet on worke, and they from the Citie, with their hand Granadoes, and hot pitch, returned the like violence to the Campe; and thus they ſtill continued, neither the Imperialls hauing as yet got any aſſurance of winning the Citie, nor the beſieged of keeping it.

The laſt aſſault Iuly 10.20. was the day which was indicatory, if not criticall to the Citie; then the Imperiall Army aſſaulted it on all ſides, then the beſieged ſhewed their inclination and power of reſiſtance. Bloud was then ſpilt like water upon the earth; and the ammunition, hardly got, and dearely purchaſed, was prodigally waſted and ſpent in ſmoake, nothing remained of their Salt-peter and brimſtone, but an unſavoury fume, whoſe naturall ſtench was increaſed by the ungratefull ſavours of dead carkeiſes, many of the beleaguerd that day (if many may be extracted from few) being forced to pay the debt of mortalitie, and 4000 Imperialiſts buying the reputation of valiant men, with the loſſe of their lives.

Courage, if it be not well ordered, is raſhneſſe; A true valiant man looketh not behind him to what is paſt, but about him, and before him, weigheth his buſineſſe in the ſcale of wiſdome, is confident while there is probability, not preſumptuous, when he ſeeth impoſſibility; the Garriſon and Citizens had for a long time behaved themſelves in defence of the City ſtoutly, even to the admiration of the Imperialiſts, who had loſt before it (by their owne relation) 8000 men, ſlaine upon the place, 6000 others who had run away, made 15000 Canon ſhot upon the towne, caſt above 2000 Granadoes into it, the moſt part whereof weighed ſeverally 150 pound weight; and indured (if the figures be not miſplaced) 465 ſeverall ſallies from within the Citie. But now, the Dye was turned, the beſieged wanted powder, and were not able to fight without weapons, they might ſit downe to eat, and drinke (there was ſtill in the City belly timber enough, 4000 ſimmers of corne, 2000 heads of cattell, 500 barrels of beere, 300 hogsheads of wine) but could not well imagine themſelves able to hold out longer againſt the Imperialiſts, their powder being totally ſpent, to 700 pound weight; a ſmall proportion, for ſo great oppoſition,and the City undermined in 7 ſeverall places, all which were likely with the touch of a March, to have been as ſo many ſeverall Gates to give the Imperialiſts entrance. The white flag was hereupon hung out, and after ſome few dayes treaty, the City was ſurrendred upon theſe Honourable Articles (which expreſſe as much good nature in the yong King of Hungarie, as wiſedome on the other ſide) concluded betwixt his Majeſty the King of Hungarie and Bohemia, &c. to the uſe of his Imperiall Majeſty King of the Romanes, &c. and his princely Grace the Elector of Bavaria, &c. on the one ſide, and betwixt the Crown of Sweden; the Proteſtant confederates appointed Generall Major the Lord Kagge, and the reſt of the Commanders; as alſo the Citie of Regensburg, the Chamberlaine, Senate, and Citizens on the other ſide, as followeth.

And now beſides the promiſe made by the Campe, upon the dignitie, word, and faith of his Majeſtie the King of Hungarie, the Elector of Bavaria, and all the Cavalliers, that all theſe Articles, with all their clauſes, right ſenſe, and meaning, ſhould bee kept firme, conſtant, and without breach; for their more confirmation, there are 4. ſeverall copies drawne after one and the ſame forme, one to be kept by his Majeſtie the King of Hungarie, another by the Duke of Bavaria, a third by the garriſon, and the fourth by the Chamberlaine and Senate of the Citie; all which were ſubſcribed by his Imperiall Majeſties Councellor of war, Lord Chamberlaine, Lieutenant Generall, and appointed Commander, the Lord Mathias Earle of Gallas, deputed for his Majeſtie the King of Hungarie; by his Imperiall Majeſties and the Duke of Bavaria his Counſellor, Lord Chamberlaine, maſter of the Artillery, and ammunition, and appointed Commander, the Lord Otto Henry Fugger, Earle of Kirchberg, and Weiſſenhorne, Knight of the golden fleece deputed for the Duke of Bavaria, the Lord Generall Major Lars Kaggen, and the Lord Hieronymus Bergen the governing Chamberlaine of Regenſpurg, for the City and garriſon. Signed before, and within the Citie of Regenſpurg. July 16.26. 1634.

Theſe were honourable termes wiſely concluded, the Commanders being as carefull of the Citie in their compoſition, as their Army, and faithfully performed, the King of Hungarie ſhewing no leſſe juſtice in his action, then clemency in a willing yeelding to all demands, as if he meant to winne the hearts of the Germanes, not their townes, and held it more glorious and ſure, to overcome them withcourteſie, then to conquer them with his ſword. Queſtionleſſe it is the more thriving way, and worketh powerfully upon the affection of men, to reduce them to a willing obedience, when cruelty and blood-thirſtineſſe, harden them in rebellion, and obſtinacie. The gracious proclamation, and pardon, granted by his Majeſtie the King of Hungarie to the Citie is a full teſtimony of his goodneſſe, and the letters teſtimoniall ſubſcribed by the Chamberlaine and Senate of Regenſpurg, ſealed with the City ſeale, and given the Generall Major Kagge, before his departure is a witneſſe beyond exception, of his wiſdome, and valour, in managing the war, wherein he was eſpecially truſted, the Copies of both which, we have here inſerted, as followeth.

The Duke Bernhard, and the Field-Marſhall, ſeeing the apparent danger, whereunto they ſhould expoſe their Army, if they ſhould attempt upon the Leaguer, that being ſecured from hazard, by the many maeanders and windings of the trenches, thought it better to adventure upon ſome peeces of importance abroad, where there was probability of a proportionable gaine, then to hazard all upon a doubtfull battell, where there was no likelih • od, but of loſſe. Landſhut taken by aſſault. Landſhut, a City upon the Iſer, built by Lodowick Duke of Bavaria, in the yeare 1208. famous for the excellent Architecture of the private houſes, one goodly Church beyond all the reſt, and the new palace of the Duke of Bavaria, was the firſt place they fell upon, after the taking in of the places abovenamed. Altringer ſlaine. Hither was Altringer, the Bavarian Fieldmarſhall, ſent with ſome troopes to ſuccour it, a man knowne to the world, for a prudent and warie, •… ldier, but he in a battell being ſlaine, with a ſhot through the head, his Army was routed, and the towne laid open to invaſion of the Evangelicall Army, who July 12.22. tooke it by aſſault, fired the Caſtle, and Suburbs, pillaged the Citie, and put as many as they found in Armes, to the Sword. Dingelfing, and Landaw yeelded by compoſition. Thence they paſſed downe the river to Dingelfing, Landaw, both which yeelded upon reaſonable compoſition.

I willingly omit the Actions of the Leaguer before Forchaim, and the untimely death of the Lord Vngnad, baſely murdered by his owne ſervant, as hee was in the way thither, about the end of June; Let this one ſuffice for all, upon Tueſday July 15.25. when the funerall of the Lieutenant Colonell Frederick William Ebleben, who was ſlaine before Forchaim, was kept at Norimberge, the Commander within conceiving that without doubt all the horſemen, would be commanded, to attend the proceſſion, and honour the funerall rites at Norimberg, The Commander in Forcheim attempteth upon the Camp, • nd is overreached in his owne deſigne. hee purpoſed with all his forces, to make a ſally upon the trenches, and bring the remnant of the Army, which was left behjnde to utter ruine; This Counſell being either ſuſpected, or diſcovered to the Fieldmarſht Cratz, he cauſed ſome Companies of horſe, the ſame day, with their diſplayed colours, to march as towards Norimberge ſo openly, that the beſieged might onely have a ſight of them, and no more; but then to wheele about again, when the Enemie could not perceive them, and place themſelves in a convenient ambuſcadoe, whence they might have opportunity to returne with violence upon the backs of the Enemie, if he ſhould adventure to ſally forth upon the Army; It is a maſter-piece to kill a man with his owne weapon, and to overreach a contriving head, in his owne way. The counterplot muſt in all circūſtances anſwer the ground, if it faile in the leaſt particular, it is probable to be defective in the totall; and here, as the Fieldmarſhall had caſt it, all things fell out accordingly. The glimpſe of the horſemens march animated the garriſon to the enterprize, they ſtayed but to Arme, and then fell ſo furiouſly, and preſſed ſo hardly upon the Leaguer, that many of the Swedes were hurt, and wounded; but the horſemen quickly aroſe from the Ambuſh to their ſuccour, and fell ſo cloſe to their tackling, that they ſlew 130. of theſe adventurers, took ſome priſoners, and made the reſt to take their heeles; and now they keepe cloſe within their wals, they neither being forward to ſtart out, nor the Fieldmarſh: to aſſault it, having determined not to undertake that courſe with thoſe ſmall forces (which were rather left to block it up then beſiege it,) but to force it to yeeld, for want of neceſſaries, the river being cut off, as is related formerly, and he by this meanes having a hope to take it.

About the ſame time the Captaine of the Dragooners in Weyden a towne of the upper Palatimate, underſtanding that the Imperiall Commander Husman, by reaſon of the plague at Dachaw, was retired fro thēce to one of his Farms, neere Frawenburg: Colonell Huſman and his family ſurpriſed▪ Hee and his Dragoniers, being then occaſionally at Floſſenburg, marched from thence by night, early in the morning ſurprized the Countrey houſe, tooke the Commander, and his wife and childe, with a Counteſſe of Guttenſteine, his brother in law Colonell Klepping, the Jeſuite Father Federle (who before that Weyden was taken in by the Swedes, had openly delivered in the pulpit, that the Lutherans deſerved to be tyed together in bundels, like birds upon a ſtick, and to bee hanged) and all their ſervants, pillaged the farme, and brought the priſoners into Weyden, where they are cloſe kept, and under a ſtrict watch. And now having taken this ſhort view of the actions in Bavaria, the upper Palatinate, and Alſatia, wee will pauſe a while, before we are weary, in following the Evangelicall, and Imperiall Armies, whoſe ſucceeding actions muſt now be referred to another diſcourſe.

BUt the faireſt morning is quickly overcaſt, the wheele ſoone turneth about, and this fortune which ſmiled thus at the firſt aſpect, almoſt in a moment changed his viſage, to teach us, (may it be lawfull for a Chriſtian hiſtorian to make this application) not to truſt to the arme of fleſh, in theſe, and the like occurrences, but refer all to his diſcretion, and ordinance, which changeth the times and ſeaſons at his pleaſure, ſuffereth the brittle veſſels of clay to be daſhed in pieces, when they preſume too much of their owne temper.

The outrages done by the Imperialiſts at Hochſtatt in Swaben, if there had beene nothing elſe, could not but move the Proteſtant Generalls, to engage themſelves in fight with the Kings army that either by victorie they might ſecure their friends from the like cruelties afterwards, or bythe adventure, they might give a teſtimony of their zeale to the Countrey of which they had undertaken the protection. The bloody dealing of the Polakes, and Crabats ſent by the Imperiall Commander Iſolani to Heckſtat, to ſummon the Citie, is ſcarſe credible, yet it is thus reported by letters from thence, July 21.31. The 12.22. of this moneth when this Citie was firſt ſummoned by ſome troopes of Polakes, and Crabats, the inhabitants in generall both Proteſtants and Catholikes, ranne to the Gates immediately to ſet them open, to the commanding ſouldiers. But the Crabats not ſtaying the time while this might bee done, cut downe the gates, and furiouſly plundered the City from 9 in the morning, to 6. in the evening, torturing many of the inhabitants moſt barbarouſly. They raviſhed of the women, even to death; powred dunghill water, and vineger into the thr • at • of ſeven men, and women, tyed chaines, and cords about their heads, and twiſted them ſo hard, that they fell downe dead upon the ground; ſome they hanged up by the privy members, ſawed off the legs of ſome; rubbed off the fleſh from the legs of others to the very bones, tyed the armes of others backwards, and ſo hanged them up by thoſe diſtorted parts, drew many through the ſtreetes of the City ſtarke naked, beate and wounded them with axes and hammers, and generally uſed them with ſuch barbarous cruelty, that every man begged to bee ſhot, or ſlaine inſtantly, rather then to live and be partaker of ſuch miſery. The Maſter of the Hoſpitall they roaſted alive, and ſacked the City ſo miſerably, that they ſpoiled what they could not cary away, as if their intention, was onlyfor waſte, and devaſtation. All the corne and proviſion of victuals, they tooke away with them, and left the place ſo bare, that many of the beſt ranke for the ſpace of 8. dayes after, ſaw not one bit of bread, but were glad to feede upon unripe fruit, and water, and yet, as if all this had been too little, they ſpoiled the inhabitants of their garments alſo, and expoſed them to that nakedneſſe, that neither man, woman, nor childe had clothes to put on, but all went up and downe, in their ſhirts and ſmocks, having nothing elſe to cover them. Thus writeth our diſcoverer. But this was not all, the Fieldmarſhall Horne had given his word to the Commander in Nordlingen, to ſuccour him, the King played fiercely upon the City, and it could not hold out, the Swedes muſt put forward, if they intend to ſtay the conqueſt, and on they went, though unfortunately, as will be more particularly diſcovered by what followeth. I finde the battell expreſſed diverſly, as the relators ſtood affected, the beſt relation is ful of horror, both in the preſent fact and conſequents, and have here ſet them downe, that the readers may be fully informed of each particular.

The firſt of theſe is ſet out by a German Catholike, and is titled Victory, &c.

Laſt Saturday was ſevennight, the 22. of Aug. the 2. of Sept. the Italian forces arrived in the Imperiall Campe, whereupon the Citie of Nordlingen was very hard battered with the Cannons, the beſieged ſent forth a Poſt, and deſired ſuccour elſe they could not longer hold out: the next day following being the 23 of Aug. the 2. of Septemb. the Swedes held counſell of warre, Well adviſed, and perhaps it had bin better if they had followed this counſell. and it was concluded, that they ſhould not fight, but rather looſe Nordlingen, then endanger the common affaires of Germanie, they ſhould rather ſtay till the Rhinegrave with his troopes was arrived. On Munday following, being the 24. of Auguſt. the 4. of Septemb. the Fieldmarſhall Cratz, together with the Generall Major Kagge, and ſome Durlachiſh forces arrived not farre from the Swediſh Armie, whereupon Duke Bernhard tooke againe the reſolution to fight; On Tueſday, being the 25. of Aug. the 5. of Septemb. they conjoyned their forces, and ſent the Baggage ſomewhat backe, and about Evening they advanced into the Valley under Goppingen, halfe a league from the Imperiall Campe, whereupon I intreated and obtained it, that I might go to the Baggage, for if ſo be that any of the Imperialiſts ſhould ſee me, they ſhould not know, in what manner I had come hither; this day the Mechelburgiſh Regiment was defeated by the Crabats, and the halfe part of the Fieldmarſhall Cratz his Baggage was plundred. This day was ſevennight being the 26. of Aug. the 6. of Septemb. on the day of Zepherene Pope and Martyr, the Swedes very early before 6. of the clocke aſſaulted the Imperiall entrenched Armie with great furie, obtained 2. Standards, and 2. Enſignes, together with ſome peeces of Ordnance, and tooke one of the Sconces in which the Vitzthombiſh and Limpachiſh Regiment tooke their lodging but to their ſmall profit, for the Sconces were either undermined, or by themſelues, in not looking well to the ammunition, were fired, and thus both the Regiments flew up into the ayre towards Heaven: the Imperialiſts had covered all theirordnances great and ſmall, which were charged with haile or ſmall ſhot, and when the Swedes cam e ſome what nearer, they diſcharged and ſhot them off all at one time, which did incredible harme amongſt them, and cauſed ſuch a confuſion, and made partitions amongſt them like ſtreets, in ſo much that our Curraſſiers aſſaulted them with all their force, and within the ſpace of two houres, rather by the cleare aſſiſtance of GOD, than by humaine hands obtained the victory; on our ſide not many have beene ſlaine, For as the Swedes themſelues confeſſe, although one of their Regiments preſented it ſelfe to fight, it was immediately aſſaulted by 6. Imperiall Regiments, and ruinated. As for the horſemen, the Duke of Wirttenberg himſelfe writes to his Officers, that 2000. of them were ſlaine upon the very place: of the Footforces, few or none eſcaped, except thoſe that remained about the Baggage, which tooke the horſes from the waggons, and ſaved themſelues upon them, the reſt were either put to the ſword or taken priſoners; and beſides the Swedes, above 4000. Wirttenbergs of the trained band were put to the ſword, the enemies Ordnances, ammunition, and all their waggons together with Duke Bernhards beſt goods were apprehended about Nereſſen: and they themſelues confeſſe, that they have loſt above 4000. waggons, loaden with Baggage, proviſion, and ammunition; hence it may eaſtly be iudged, how many 1000. horſes our forces obtained. The whole Swediſh Armie together with the Wirttenbergs Boores was ſtrong about 22000. men, of which ſome 1000. horſemen fled to the Coppinger Valley, where the Rhinegrave arrived, and conioyned his troopes with them, and made up an Armie of 5. or 6000. horſemen without Foot-forces, ordnances, Baggages, or ammunition, of which they nothing left; which way the ſame turned, and what end it tooke, with the purſuite after them, I do not know, for when I ſaw all ſouldiers to betake themſelues to flight, I did the like, and the ſamenight I came to the Fort of Shorendorff, in the Countrey of Wirttenberg, where the General Commiſſaries Offenburgers ſervant, and both the Commanders Tupadels and Obms wiues were yet the ſame night fetched and carried to Strasburg, in ſo much that they are not confident to maintaine that ſtrong Fort.

On Thurſday in the morning, the relation was brought of thoſe high officers that were ſlaine and wounded, which I will relate not for certaine, but as I have heard it. Duke Bernard of Weymar was ſhot through one of his armes, the Landtgrave John of Heſſen, was wounded in his face and in his necke, and fled bloudy to Vlm, Field-Marſhall Horne is dead or taken priſoner, becauſe he is not found amongſt them. Field-Marſhall Cratz is dead, Generall Major Vitz dumb dead, Generall Major Kagge dead, Colonell Watchtmaiſter dead, which was very famous amongſt them, Colonell Liebenſtein dead, Colonell Lievetenant Grun dead, Colonell Lievetenant Willibardt dead. When I rode forward on Thurſday, I found the high waies towards Stutgard, full of fleeing ſouldiers and inhabitants. The Duke of Wirttenberg poſted yet the ſome day in all haſte towards Strasburg, all Noble and rich men followed him thither, the inhabitants ranne out of the Cities, carrying onely their children in their armes, with great lamentation and crying, and when I asked them, whither they intended to goe, they anſwered, God knowes it, we doe not know whither to runne in ſuch a haſte: they cryed ſtill woe and ever woe that the Swedes came into the Empire, afore we could treate with compoſition; now all goes to ruine: the Imperialiſts had behaved themſelves very well in Shorendorff, but the Swedes now and the Counſell at Franckford had their monies and goods, and would now depart and leave them in ſuch a miſery.

Our Armie doubtleſſe poſſeſſeth now the moſt part of the Country of Wirttenberg, they finde in it an incredible quantity of Corne and Wine, of which they have 〈1 page duplicate〉 〈1 page duplicate〉 now more to drinke, than they had freſh water to drink 10 dayes agoe. The Field-Marſhall Horne himſelfe ſpoke to me, that in the Country of Wirttenberg, 1500000 Commiſſe bread were baken for them, which will doe now much good to the Imperiall Armie. Nordlingen muſt now needs ſurrender on diſcretion, in which are about 3000 horſes which were brought thither from the Country to ſave them, of which our ſouldiers will make good booty, and the great quantity of corne that is in it, will ſerve for the victualling of Ingolſtatt. In Augſpurg is already great famine, they eate dogs and cats. The Granarie of the Citie of Vlm namely the Country of Wirttenberg is no ſo exhauſted, that thoſe Cities will be forced to creepe to the Croſſe: all the Garriſons were taken out of all places about the Rhine, except Philipsburg, and the ſouldiers ſent to the Swediſh Armie, and now they are maſſacred, and they themſelves confeſſe, that they cannot bring together againe ſo many foot-forces to forme a new Army. All this I have partly ſeene with mine owne eyes, partly heard it of many chiefe men of their owne, which I thought to relate accordingly. Thus this Catholike Gallant with a large preface of himſelfe, writes gloriouſly of his owne adventure, and the victory, adding ſomething peradventure to the tale, which is delivered otherwiſe in the next diſcourſe, which is as followeth.

The Saxo: and Swedes actions at Prague. THe Saxon and Swediſh Armies being aduanced from Sileſia into Bohemia, found more oppoſition at Prague then was expected; 12 Regiments of Horſe, and 7 of Foot, euery Regiment conſiſting of 12 or 1400 hundred men, were there vnder the command of Coleredue and Don Balthaſar, two expert and valiant ſouldiers, which neither omitted the fortification of the City againſt aſſauls, nor ſhunned the danger of fight, to ann • y their aduerſaries. The hands of all the inhabitants, whether Chriſtians or Iewes, Prieſts, or lay men, vpon the firſt report of the approaching of the Saxon Army, were imployed about Redouts, Sconces, Horneworke and the like pieces for defence, and the Armes of the Imperiall ſouldiers were practiſed to offend the Swedes and Saxons vpon their firſt comming.

The Saxon Generall being ſatedowne about Iuly 15.25, vpon the one ſide of the City, and Bannier vpon the other, th •… 〈…〉 vpon the C • ty 〈…〉 , by the •… a •… of 〈…〉 and were replied 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 in the like kind, not 〈◊〉 out ſome • oſſe on both •… les; 8 ot • 00 men of the Saxons and Swedes being • la •… e, and 600 〈◊〉 criali •… e, who had the aduantage in height of ground and for • ification.

The City, in this ſhort ſpace, had been ſo liberall of their Ammunition; that they had ſpent their ſhot, and were brought to ſuch an exigent, that they forced the Iewes to deliuer them 4000 weight of Tinne to make bullers: But the beſiegers were brought to a greater want, of Victualls; the Imperialiſts hauing before pillaged the Countrey about, from whence they ſought for prouiſion of which, they were by this meanes diſappointed. This made the Generalls vnwillingly riſe; Arnheim marching towards Leuthmaritz, to refreſh his Army in the Konigritz Circle, and Bannier towards F • ger.

This ſudden change cauſed a generall ſuſpi •… on in the Vnited Princes, that the Elector had mad • a • ruce for 4. weekes with the Emperour; and this jealou •… could not be concealed, but burſt foorth into a ru •… our and the tale was augmented by often repetition, the ſhadow of the trueth thereof being confirmed by report of Trumpets ſounding, and Heralds proclaiming a ceſſation from Armes, during ſuch a ſeaſon. Icalouſie is ſtill proiecting, and workes commonly vpon the worſt; It appeared quickly, that all this report was grounded but vpon imagination for the Swedes and Saxons ſtill prepared to warre; • id the Embaſſadors of the Emperour, perceiuing the fruitleſſe hopeleſſe iſſue of the Treaty, deſired leaue to depart, and a Connoy to V •… .

The Duke Electors daughter married to the Prince of Denmarke. The Elector himſelfe was by this re •… ned vnto Dreſden H •… •… ed his company at home • aſwell as Bellona abroad; his daughter was eſpouſed to the Prince of Denmarke and the ſolemnity of the Nup •… alls requited his perſonall preſence. And yet the time thus ſpent, was not vpon 〈…〉 and R •… the common graces of ſuch hono •… ble actions: In the mid •… of theſe ſports, he •… ſt a ſerious eye, vpon the maine • y •… eſſe; an as if, theſe vſuall exerciſes, at ſuch an extraordinary time, had beene but rememb •… rs of what muſt bee done in ea •… eſt; he le •… ed new F •… to ſtrengthen his Army, which, Auguſt 6.12. as they write from Droſden, marched to the Army in Bohemia, which was afterwards ſaid to bee compleate of 30000 Swedes and Saxons, laſty able men, trained vp is diſcipline and deſir •… to ſight. His Lieutenant Generall vpon this occaſion, retired himſelfe thither alſo, for the ſpace of 3. or 4. dayes; but as one which mooned out of his properelement, while he was not in warre, in this ſhort ſpace diſpatched his buſineſſe at Court, and hauing giuen the Bride a chaine, worth 8000 Rixdollars, as an acknowledgment of gratitude to the Saxon Family, returned to the Campe at Melnick.

This occaſion, though it thus remooued the perſons, who had the prime charge in direction, did not call aſide thoſe who were deputed to the deuout attendance of the Array in religion; the Chaplaines, appointed to the worſhip of GOD, remained behind them, and were ſtill buſied in their miniſtery.

A ſtrange apparition in the Ayre at Melnick. At Melnick was the Randeuouz of the Saxon Army; and here, in time of prayer, Iuly 24 Auguſt • , was a ſtrange token in the Ayre, which is thus deliuered by Letters, bearing date the ſame day.

〈…〉 to from 〈…〉 his 〈…〉 , and 〈…〉 o • th • 〈…〉 where they 〈◊〉 the 〈…〉 to preach againe; and hauing 〈◊〉 things there▪ 〈…〉 are kingdome, reſo •… d en •… 〈…〉 in 〈◊〉 with the •… iall Army there, or by 〈◊〉 the chiefe C • ſes and p •… ces of 〈◊〉 , to bring the people to obedi •… . Their march begot a gener •… 〈…〉 throughout the whole •… gdome of Bohe •… , at 〈◊〉 e •… lly, from w •… the • e •… , and all the 〈◊〉 and Tryars • led, except a few 〈◊〉 which abode ſtill in the old Citie.

At Melnick there had beene lately abridge of Boates 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 for the conuenient paſſing, and repaſ •… of the 〈◊〉 ; but the 〈◊〉 riſing high, whether by 〈…〉 , 〈◊〉 might 〈◊〉 the South pare of the kingdome of Boh •… , o • by the opening of ſome Sinces, as ſome conjectured, the Bridge was broken in pieces, and made vſeleſſe; and a new one was faine to be made, heere 〈◊〉 , not without great charge to the Electon▪ both ma •… and wor •… en being brought out of M •… 〈◊〉 this worke.

The Armies are now joyntly mar •… ing forward ( 〈◊〉 about 10000 men which were 〈◊〉 towards Z • ickaw and 〈…〉 paſſage)and Auguſt 6, 1 • , they came 〈◊〉 the of L • miburg, which •… h vpon the Elue, about 〈…〉 from Pragas, and ſ •… oned it to 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 and Ga • riſon, ſtanding too ſtiffely 〈…〉 to re •… is acmy, Li •… g taken by a •… lt. it was ſtraightway 〈…〉 〈◊〉 by the Canon, a breach made in the walles, •… ed by the Swedes and Saxons, who ca •… ed the place before them, and in the heate of fury▪ forgot to ſhew anymercie. In the Citie, th •… • ay 〈◊〉 Co •… of I •… Drago •… neers, and three companies of foo • e, theſe • ou •… ers, aſſiſted with the Ci •… ons, and 〈◊〉 (of which there were many is the Citie) and Women, which out of a d • ſporate madneſſe, threw burning pitch, & ſcalding w •… er vpon the Armie: made what reſiſtance they were able, thinking thereby to ſaue themſelues, but their vnaduiſed actions prouoked the in • aders to anger, which was not pacif • ed but with the death of aboue 2000, perſons in that Citie The principall Commander, in the midſt of the ſlaughter, with 150. Souldiers retired into the Caſtle, and 〈◊〉 called downe to the Euangelicall Commanders, • raued quarter, offering to pay a great ranſome. But the ſame tongue, which then begged baſely, had formedy rayled againſt the perſons to whom it was now a Petitioner, deſpirefully; they ſtopped their cares againſt the Petitioner, and put him to the Sword alſo, with all thoſe which were with him, except ſome few which obtained quarter. Some Imperiall ſuccours were comming to relie •… this place, but thoſe the Army encountered alſo, ſlew many, tooke the Waggons, and carriages, and formed the reſt to confuſed flight; it was a crue • victory, but what alſo can bee expected from an offerded and enragedie •… There is a fate in Mortalitie; and fooliſh men by their w • rds, and workes, call upon themſelues a ſwift deſtruction.

This Citie is a place of importance it yeelds a free paſſage to the Armie, either for Mora •… , or Auſtria, and as themſelues write, they can how at their pleaſure, cut off all prouiſion from their enemie, and force him to come into the open field.

After this victory, the Cenerall Bannier poſted to the Elector at Breſden, whither hee arri • ed, Auguſt 12.22. and his Armie marched towards Br •… deiſe, where they firſt got the bridge from the Imperialiſts, and broke it downe, then •… t in pieces 200. •… abats, which were hindred in their flight, by reaſon of the •… uec, and laſtly tooke the Citie.

Ioachims. Thal yeelded by compoſition. 〈…〉 is, about I • ly • 7. Auguſt 〈◊〉 the Saxon Com •… es Barſhe •… , wich 5. Companies of Horſe, and • 00. Maſque • ires, affaulted the Caſtle of Ioachims-Thal, in which lay one Company of Imperial foote. They within deſen • ed themſelues well for the ſpace of 3. houres; but then the Saxon being got vnder the paliſadoes, and ſecured from the Muſquet-ſhot, they came to agreement, marched forth with Bagge and Baggage, high and low weapons, and were conducted by 3. Companies of Horſe 〈◊〉 Shleckendmald.

The Diet at • reſl • w. The ſecond Seſſions of the Prouit crall Diet for Sileſia, was held about this time at Breſlaw, and thither his Imperiall Maieſtie ſent an Agent to aduiſe the Princes, and Poeres that they would continue in his Imperiall protection, aſſuring them that vpon their obedience all things ſhould bee and remaine in their former ſtate, and dignitie. The anſwere of the Poeres in vnknowne; yet they write from Sileſias Auguſt 4.14. that they conſulted principally how to deſend themſelues, and aide the Conſederate Princes; in the meane time it is certaine, that there was on neither part any ceſſation of Armes; Hirtshberg burned by the Imperialiſts. Hertſhberg a faire Towne in Sileſia, vpon then riuer Bober, had afforded much Corne, and other prouiſion vnto the Imperiall Army, when it went, from that Prouine into the King dome of Bohemia, and had obtained a ſpeciall ſafe-gard from the Field-Marſhall Coloredoe, vnder his hand, and ſeale, yet 2000. Imperialiſt afterward, without reſpect, either of the benefit they had formerly receiued from thence, or the condition made by their principall Commander, aſſaulted it about Iuly 19.29. and after a ſmall reſiſtance, made by the inhabitants; ſet the Suburbs on fire, which was ſo increaſed by the whiſteling winde, that it tooke hold of the Towne alſo; where the flameſ so preuailed, that not ſo much as one houſe eſcaped free, but 341. Dwelling-houſes, and 56. Barnes were burned to aſhes, and there periſhed in the fire 36. men, and 2000. beaſts. Goltz taken by Vitz-thumb About the ſame time the Saxon Commiſſarie, Vitz-thu • be went with ſome forces againſt Goltz, a place of ſtrength vpon the riuer of Oder, and hauing forced it to yeeld to the diſcretion of the Saxons, 100. Souldiers that were therin, tooke pay vnder him, but the Commander, which was a Lieutenant Colonell of Roſtocks regiment, 2. Captaines, and other Officers were ſent as Priſoners to Breſlaw, and then as they write from Breſlaw, was the Oder totally cleered, till beyond Oppelen: about which time alſo, one Partee went from Brieg, towards Neuſe, where the Imperiall Generall Maior, lay with 600. men, and brought away aboue 400. head of Cattell, and other booty: and another Party apprehended a Captaine of Roſtocks regiment, with his 20. horſe-men, and brought them Priſoners to Brieg; Lieba taken by Onſlat. and the Commander Boſen, which lay in garriſon at great Glogam, tooke the Citie of Lieba by Onſlat, in the night; put 70. Imperiall Muſquetires to the ſword, and obtained a rich bootie: ſo that now as they write from Breſlaw, Sileſia is fully cleere of Imperialiſts, ſaue onely at Neuſe, Lignitz, and Olaw, which laſt, is thought, will quickly be ſurrendered, becauſe the Colonell Roland, who commandeth therein, had ſome conference about Iuly 24. Auguſt 3. with the Saxon Lieutenant Colonell Pebitz, to that purpoſe.

IF the death of Guſtavuſſes were frequent (to wit, the triumphant Anguſtuſſes of the North) their foot in the ſtirrop, their Sword in their hand, and in gaining of Battells, I might then expect ſome other occaſion might preſent it ſelfe, to demonſtrate unto the world the manner of their Interment; and from the vanity wherewith the greateſt part in theſe times are infected; who affect not to heare one thing twice, eaſily furniſh my ſelfe with an execuſe. But intruth all that hath yet been written concerning the Interment of this great King of Sweden, were but the preparatives to the true Pompe: the Reader therefore that deſireth an exact Relation of the affaires of theſe times, may one day juſtly accuſe me of negligence; if by forgetting the laſt act of his tragedy, I rather apply my ſelfe to pleaſe ſome particular perſons, then by the recitall thereof, ſatisfie the juſt curioſity of all others.

The 34. Provinces of the State of Sweden, not thinking it enough to have undergone the extremity of griefe: for this yeare and an halfe, ſince the dolefull newes of their Kings death; having decreed by the common conſent of their three Estates, to render unto him their laſt devotions, aſſembled for that purpoſe the 15. of Iune laſt at Meoping, either in perſon, or by their Deputies; that great Citie being farre too ſmall to receive the multitude, which from all parts flocked thither. The Ceremony was firſt diſcloſed in the great Regall Hall of the Pallace, where the Lord Iohn Skite, Governour generall of Livonia with a maſculine eloquenceopened againe the wounds, which time ſeemed to have ſalved up; whoſe powerfull Oration was ſeconded by the Expoſition of the Hiſtory of King Ioſias, made by the Biſhop of Weſteras, the people often with their heavie ſighes, making dolefull periods: But all this was nothing in compariſon of the mournfull, and not ſtudied accents, which the whole multitude made, when they heard the pitifull rumbling of the Coffin, being ſhooke as they conveyed it down the ſtaires of the Hall into the great ſtreet. The Coffin was made of Silver, and covered with blacke Velvet, which trayled on the ground, with a great Croſſe of white Satin, charged with Scutchions of all the Provinces, richly imbrodered in gold, ſilver, and ſilke; from the Hall it was carried to the Gate of the Citie tending towards Stockholme, by 24. Gentlemen, and there put into a Chariot, a 100. other Gentlemen marching before, each one bearing in his hand a Table, wherein all the Victories of this Prince were moſt accurately repreſented, as well thoſe by him obtained againſt the Danes, Polanders, and Muſcovite, as his other great Feats of Armes in Germany, the Forts, Cities, and Caſtles, by him conquered; and the Battailes by him gained: two Regiments of Foote, and as many of Horſe, made the Ʋan. and Reare-gard, and in the front of the traine were 8. great Cannons taken from the Enemy, each being drawne by 20. Horſes. Before and on each ſide of the Chariot wherein the Corpes lay, being drawne by ſixe white horſes covered with blacke cloth hanging to the ground, then marched a 100. Gentlemen in mourning, and mounted on Horſe-back, next followed the Counſellours of Eſtate, and company of the Guards, and laſt of all, the Count Palatine with the two Queenes, both Mother and Daughter, bathing their cheekes in unfained teares. From Meoping this Convoy went to Sitroſta, diſtant but two Leagues from thence, and in the Church thereof was the Corps layd, and guarded by the Souldiers and a 100. Gentlemen. The next day about noone they parted from thence and lodged two leagues further,continuing this order and time in their daily marches. Vntill the 20. of Iune, when they arrived at the Towne of Brewkyekya, diſtant but halfe a mile from Stock-holme; then began the great preparation for the Funerall ſhow, which on the two and twentieth day of the ſaid moneth entered in this manner into Stockholme.

The Colonell Claz Horn marched in the head of a Regiment of Swediſh Horſe, and two Regiments Nobility and Gentry all in Armour, and their horſes in mourning, being followed by two Regiments of foot, lead by the Lords Axel Lillie and Otho Sparling likewiſe in blacke, their armes, and trayling their Pikes. Next followed two hundred Gentlemen which were Officers of Warre, and had aſſiſted the defunct King in his Battailes, every one bearing an Enſigne gained in Germany. After them came the eight Cannons; And next came Gabriell Gabrielſon Oxenſterne, Rector, and eight hundred Schollers of the Vniuerſitie of Ʋpſall, with all the Officers of the Citie, both Biſhops, Doctors, Iudges, Miniſters, and then came the great red Enſigne borne by Frederick Stenbock, Colonell of the Cavalry; Then 34. Enſignes of the ſeverall Provinces borne by as many Gentlemen; Next followed a Horſe led by two Pages, and covered with blacke Taffaty hanging to the ground; each of them trayling after them an Enſigne; then came the Barron Charles Horne clad in the gilt Armes of the dead King, mounted upon a lame Horſe covered with blacke Velvet, holding in his hand the Kings Sword as yet all bloody ſince the Battell of Lutzen, attended by his Pages and Lackies; Next followed the Generall Tortenſon trayling along the ſtreets the great mourning Enſigne; Then came the Kings horſe for battel, covered with black Velvet, and croſſed with white Sattin, and the Armes of Sweden led by the Pages of the Chamber, aſſiſted by Iohn de Rothkerke Maſter of the Horſe; Then followed Charles▪ Morner great Chamberlaine, and Gaſper Otho Sparling Marſhall of the Campe in the head of 400. Courtiers; Next came the Heraulds of Armes with their ſilver Maces and after them Gabriell Kell Colonel of the forte clothed in violet, and Otho Sak Colonel of the horſe clothed in Red: next came Colonel Knut ſoop, carrying the garter: and Otho Ʋan Sheyding Governour of Smaland bearing the Chaine of Diamonds and the Enſigne of Saint George; next came the fiue Principall officers of the Crowne to wit the Lord Gabriel Oxenſom great treaſurer of Sweden bearing the key of Gold then Peter Bannier Vice-Chancellour bearing the Ball of Gold perſonating the abſent director, then Charles Guildenheim Great Admirall bearing the Scepter, and Iames de la Gard great Marſhall bearing the greate Sword and laſt of all another Oxenſtern cheife Iuſtice of Sweden bearing the Regall Crowne, next followes the kings body borne by an hundred gentlemen twentie and fiue at a time ſupporting the Coffin by which foure great Lords went; then followed the Count Palatine with his two young ſons and George Guldenſterne and after him came another troope of an hundred Gentlemen two heraulds and two maſters of the kings houſehold, then came the Queene mother to the Princeſſe now raigning led by two of the ancient Councellors in the kingdome Aſiles Biſike, and Iohn Shytte and after her the young Queene, conducted by the Lords Iohn de la Gard Governour of Stockholme and Ʋpland. And Achatis Aceeli Councellors of Eſtate, a • ſo then followed Princeſſe Palatine and her two daughters, each being led by two other Lords, the reſt of the Ladies and gentlewomen followed after in white robes, and laſtly Burgers and their Wiues without order or number this trayne was cloſed vp with two Regiments on foote and horſe, and in this order were the Corpes conveighed vnto the Gray Friers Church, which is ſcituate in the Iland which was hung all over with blacke, Doctor Iohn Bothvidi, Biſhop of Lincoping made the funerall ſermon taking his text from the death of Iudas Machabeus, which was ended by a Vollie of fiftie Cannons from one ſide, and threeſcore from the other, all caſt in Germany, and tranſported them thither for other uſes, which was anſwered by Nymes, ſo many by all the Veſſells in the Port, which is the Capitall of the Kingdome; for they ſpared not Salt Peter at the death of that Prince, who living ſo much delighted to ſee it burne.

THus farre wee have made an Hiſtoricall contexture of ſeverall Princes actions; and would have gone forward in the like kinde, with the Polonians and Muſcovites, but that themſelves have made an happy concluſion of peace. That controverſie which is reſolved ſatisfactorily on both ſides, was well undertaken, and it is a bleſſed warre which produceth ſo ſweet an iſſue, and is the deciſion of all quarrells, and ground of friendly Vnion, ſuch was that betwixt his Majeſtie of Poland, and the great Duke of Moſco which at firſt though it was proſecuted with all eagerneſſe, May 29. a peace (ſome report it for 25. others for forty yeares, others for ever) was made betwixt the Princes, Pro regis Poloni, & reip. dignitate, to the honour of the Polonian, and not much to the prejudice of the Dukedome of Muſcovia. The ſiege of Bielha. The Scene for the Warre was Bielha a Citie in Bielskia a Province of Muſcovia, ſcituate upon the Weſt ſide of the River Hiniſſa, upon the North ſide of the great Forreſt Wolknoske, & diſtant from Moſco about 100. Engliſh miles. Within the Citie was a very ſtrong Garriſon, and well furniſhed Magazine of proviſion of victuals and ammunition. The Poles were forty thouſand ſtrong, conducted by a valiant and wiſe Generall, well furniſhed with Militarie inſtruments, and would not for all the preparation otherwiſe deſiſt from that deſigne, which they were reſolved on, but by Mines and their Ordnance went about to effectuate their intendment, for taking of this Citie. The whole paſſages on both ſides, from the beginning of the Warre to the end, might perhappes (if well knowne) make up a little Volume,but I was not as Polybius in the Warres of Hannibal, an eye-witneſſe of the Gueſts there; nor muſt I tranſcend my intelligence by imagination of what might be done occaſionally (that might ſuite with the Poet, whoſe fancy hath liberty to play in ſhape of truth not with an Hiſtorian tyed to his tedder, and limited without addition or ſubſtraction to relate things truly) nor muſt I looke backward to any time before May, at which time this preſented diſcovery hath it's firſt beginning. In this ſpace I finde ſome aſſaults made by the beſiegers upon the Citie, but unhappily being ſtill beaten backe with loſſe, to the griefe of the King of Poland, who was not uſed thus to bee repulſed, when hee had undertaken a thing formerly. The beſieged made ſome ſallyes upon the aſſaylants more happily; but of all, this is the moſt memorable; About the end of Aprill, when they had played upon the Campe all day with their Ordinance, at night they ſallied ſorth by a Grotte, or Cave under the ground, fell upon the Poles in their trenches, and having ſlaine many of them, retired into the Citie, by the ſame way, which they came out, the Earth over them being better then Armour of proofe to defend them from the injury of the ſhot made out of the Trenches againſt them. This was but the firſt Act which they then performed; this was preſently ſeconded with another of greater conſequence, and had the Ruſſians either not neglected, or gone on prudently to purſue the occaſion, might probably have drawne the King to have offered them more honourable tearmes of agreement, then ſuch as they were glad to accept afterwards: The King had rayſed a Fort before the Citie, as deſenſive for his owne Army, as offenſive to the Muſcovites; in this hee had placed two whole Regiments, one under the command of the Colonell Donhoffe, the other under Rade Welſon, this Seonce the Garriſon underſtanding to bee at that time weakely manned, the moſt part of the Regiments being gone abroad a boote-haling, they ſet upon the next, put the Souldiers to the ſword, demoliſht theSconce, and carryed away the Enſignes, and all which was there remaining. A proſperous beginning, and might have given reſolvedmen hope of a wiſhed End; but opportunitie once ſleighted, is not eaſily recovered, and the Crowne of a Souldier is made of Mulberry leaves; called by the Naturaliſts Arborum ſapientiſſime, and Primroſes diſcretion muſt bee mixt with forwardneſſe, they muſt bee valiant in undertaking, and wiſe in the proſecution of their victory. Thus much they did, and did no more afterwards, as if their only ayme was to gaine their libertie; and had no hope of victory.

The King much diſpleaſed with this-unſuſpected miſchiefe, put forth the worke with all meanes and ſpeed poſſible, beſides the batteries with which hee played continually upon the Citie, hee prepared then three Mines to blow up the Walls thereof, which being hindered of their worke by fortune, want of skill in the Miners, and the induſtrie of the beſieged, (for the firſt was filled up by a violent ſhowre of Raine, and ſo made uſeleſſe the ſecond, when it was ſprung, recoyled backward, and ſlew foure hundred Poles in the Leaguer, without endamaging the Citie, the laſt though it wrought it's effect, was prevented by the Byelthers, who had rayſed ſome other workes within, juſt-againſt the place where the breach was made, and the King after wards aſſaulting the Citie, being repulſed by the valour of the Souldiers, who in the fight became Maſters of the Colonell Weyers baggage, the Waggon appointed for the carriage of the Silver plates, and ſome Standards which they carryed into Byala; A Peace concluded betwixt the Pole and Muſcovite. His Majeſty offered conditions of peace to the Ruſſians, which they accepted in the Name of the great Duke, and are here ſet downe as followeth. Firſt, that the Citie and Territory of Smolenskoſhouk remaine for ever to the kingdome of Poland; 2. The King of Poland ſhould have free libertie to paſſe with his Armies, and repaſſe at all times through the Dukedome of Muſcovi • into Swedland. 3. Becauſe his Majeſtie the King of Poland, doth relinquiſh the title of the Duke of Moſco, the ſaid Duke ſhall pay unto him two hundred thouſand Rubells (every of theſe is about a Marke Engliſh) and one hundred Zimmer-zobels. 4. His Majeſty the King of Poland, and the great Duke of Muſcovia ſhall aide and aſſiſt each other at all times, when neceſſity requireth it. Laſtly, all the ſouldiours which are willing to ſerve his Maieſtie of Poland, ſhall have freelibertie to bee in pay underhim, and fight for him. The newes of this Treaty, and concluſion was welcome to the neighbour Countries, the Townes of trade eſpecially Dantzick in Pruſſia and Lubeck; In Holſt gave tokens of joy for the friendly amitie of theſe two Princes, by ſinging Te Doum, Bonfires, and diſcharging their Ordnance; But the Duke himſelfe was not ſo well pleaſed, the relinquiſhing of Smolensko a Citie upon the Boristhenes or Nieper a place of importance, and the payment of ſo much money, upon ſo ſmall a conſideration ſo diſtaſted him, that it is ſaid hee beheaded the Field-Marſhall, for deſcending, and yeelding to ſuch diſhonourable conditions. The execution of this ſouldier, begot by conſequence another miſchiefe; Hee had a Nephew of a raſh fiery ſpirit, who in revenge of his Vncles death, hired ſome lewd fellowes made for nothing but evill, to ſet the Citie of Moſco on fire in divers places, which complying with his wicked deſire kindled that flame which could not bee extinguiſhed, untill the greateſt part of that great Citie was burned to aſhes; An horred fact; and it ſo incenſed the great Duke to anger, that hee now threatened vengeance upon all the tribe, impriſoned the Field-Marſhalls ſonne, Nephew, and all the kindred, and (if our intelligence bee true) hath already executed many of them; ſo procreative is miſchiefe, that it ſeldome is without iſſue, and though the firſt Parent be pernitious, yet the child is commonly worſe.

This concluſion was farre more gratefull to the King of Poland who beſides the benefit of diſ-ingagement from this War, had now time (and it was high time ſo to doe) to lookhomeward for the ſecuritie of his owne Countrey, The Turkiſh and Poles preparations. which was threatened with an invaſion of Turkes and Tartars, a more populous Army then could be found in Ruſſia, and a more formidable Enemie. Preparing therefore all poſſible oppoſition the King ſent the Grand Seignieur an Ambaſſadour, to whom though there was at firſt a fayre tale told, that theſe forces were not leavied to bee imployed againſt the Pole, but the Perſian who had taken Ieruſalem from the Grand Seignieur, yet in the end, it proved a tale indeed, for the Turkiſh Vant-guard by the beginning of Iuly New Stile. were come over the Nepper, but were hindered of their preſent purpoſe by the Pollack Field-Marſhall and Coſſacks, which ſurprized them before they were aware, put two thouſand of them to the ſword, and going further entered the Turkes Dominions, pillaging and waſting the Countrey, upon hope of preſent ſupplies from his Maieſtie, whereby they might be the better inabled to encounter ſo potent an adverſary. This fortune of the poles, ſo inraged the Grand-Seigneur, that he preſently ſent out his whole Army to oppoſe them 60000. Tartarians, and 30000. Wallachians were appointed to invade Polonia, whom the Field-Marſhall againe encountred but not with like fortune, as formerly his Vantguard was then cut off by the Mahometanes, and himſelfe hardly eſcaped from being made (if not their ſlave) their priſoner. This newes put a quickneſſe, to the diſpatch of buſineſſe at home, The Dyet at Warſhaw. A Diet was called before this at (Warſhaw, and the Peeres aſſembled; where the King haſtening the buſineſſe propounded only three generall things to this aſſembly, and inioyned them to give a ſpeedy anſwer; 1. Granting of Subſidies for payment of his Maieſties debts, which were occaſioned by the Muſcovian War; 2. the managing and preparation for this Turkiſh Warre, both with men and money; Laſtly, a treaty of peace with the Swedes with whom the time of a former Truce was ſhortly to be expired; and theſe three were as quickly anſwered, Subſidies were granted, the managing of the Warre referred to his Meieſtie, and promiſe made to furniſh him with the ſinewes thereof, money and Commiſſioners appointed to Treate with the Crowne of Swedland, about ſetling of peace betwixt theſe two warlike Kingdomes.

And by the laſt Letters From Danzike, arrived here the 16. of this Moneth of November 1634. it is aſſured, that that brave King Vladiſlaus came no ſooner with a great Army towards the Swedeners, but he made and concluded a Treatie of peace (wholly to his owne advantage and honour) with the Turke; and thereupon cauſed his Army to march backwards towards Perſia, there to make as glorious Peace with the Swedes.

THe great preparation made by the Chriſtian King, for his own expeditions, and help of his friends is mentioned formerly; but adviſe without execution is frivolous: Conſultations muſt be produced into Actions, the Hand muſt ſecond the Heart, that is the Inſtrument of Inſtruments which worketh effectually; what elſe but notionall, and concluded in the Fantaſie? The King upon his firſt determination was reſolved to proceed accordingly, and unwilling to omit any occaſion, having formerly given liberty to the Captaines, and Officers of his army to retire themſelves upon their owne private occaſions, Iuly 4, new ſtile, A proclamatiō that al captains ſhould repaire to their ſeverall charges. by a publicke proclamation, hee gave warning to all the Campe Maſters, Captaines, and Officers of his troupes of Horſe and Foot, in his Army and Garriſons in Picardie, the Frontiers of his kingdome, and other Places, Principalities and Dominions, that within 8. daies after the publication of this Decree, without colour or pretence of excuſe, they ſhould repaire to their ſeverall charges, upon paine of beeing caſheared, and loſſe of their offices. Enioyning the Marſhall de la Force his Lieutenant Generall in Germany and Lorraine, all his Governors and Lieutenants Generals of the ſeveral Provinces of the kingdom, the particular Governors of his townes in Picardy, the frontiers of the Realme of France, and other places, that their ſouldiers ſhould be preſently in their Garriſons, that themſelves ſhould out of hand take notice of his pleaſure to publiſh it by their common cries, and ſound of the trumpet, and to affixe it to their gates and eminent places of their cities, that no man might plead ignorance of his Maieſties pleaſure, and ſo thinke to excuſe himſelfe.

The ſiege of La Motta in Lorraine. Here I muſt leave the King in the middeſt of his preparations at home, and ſet down his proceedings abroad; and his conqueſt of La Motta in Lorrain, being the principall; thither our ſtory now bends (omitting the negotiation of his Embaſſadors in the Court of Rome, which was onely for confirmation of that Biſhops love to the Nation, and comprotection of the Crowne of France, both which though ſtrenuouſly oppoſed at firſt, at laſt were granted. The Cardinall Barberino being deſigned by the Conclave to the laſt, and this wee ſhall relate no otherwiſe, then it is ſet downe by a French diſcoverer intwo ſeveral Letters, which being taught to ſpeak our language, thus delivereth it.

Iuly 19. 1634. That I may not yet be ranked among the old men, which can better diſtinguiſh of things a far off, than thoſe which be neere. I give you not a noſegay of divers flowers gathered out of the common Garden of the World, but a particular flower, the ſiege of La Motta; the ſprigs whereof will fill the hand, and give ful ſatisfaction to the niceſt curioſitie.

The ſcituation of the place. The towne of La Motta (the ſtrongeſt peece of Lorraine and as hard to bee wonne as all the townes of that Dukedome beſides, ſo verrifying that deſcription of it made by the Hiſtorians and Topographers which averre it to be impregnable) is 12 leagues from Nancy; ſcituaned upon an high and ſtrong rocke, from whence it hath its denomination. This is that which makes it command the Countrey; there being no hill neare it ſo high by 500 paces, and the inhabitants lately having fortified, an adiacent rocke, at this preſent joyned to the towne, and called the Garden of his Highneſſe. The hill is onely a little declining vpon the ſide towards the Eaſt, and there onely to be batrered with the Canon. It is fortified by Nature 1000 paces in length, and three or foure hundred broad, compaſſed with a Mote or ditch 18 paces broad, and ſeven foot onely deep becauſe it is upon a Rocke, without water, ſave in one place onely deeper digged than thereſt to that purpoſe. Foure mounts eaſt againſt the towne. The Sieuxd' Iſche a Loriner hath the command there of 500 men in the Garriſon, and others the Inhabitants. The ſecond week of Lent laſt, the Viſcount of Arpajoux, and the field Marſhall de la Force, gave order to blocke it up, at which time the Sieur de Buſſi, quartered with his light horſe upon the Northſide of the towne, repulſed ſome of the Garriſon, which ſallied out upon the Scottiſh quarter, and planted three ba • teries; one upon the next hill on the Eaſt ſide, againſt the place where the mountaine on which the towne ſtandeth a little declineth, & two other upon the North-ſide, whence we have played with our Ordnance, and made a breach. Our trenches are generally about 400 paces from the towne, and containe neere 4000 in their utmoſt extent. Wee have rayſed heere foure mounts, one againſt the port of the towne which alone is open. The ſecond upon the Weſt ſide neer the ſame gate, which two are commanded by the Viſcount d' Arpajoux, and have upon them three batteries: the firſt of ſeven peeces of Canon, the third of five, and the third of foure. The ſecond mount is upon the South ſide of the towne commanded by the Marqueſſe de la Force: and here are two batteries, one of foure peeces of Canon, and another of three. The fourth upon the North ſide of the towne betwixt his Highneſſes Garden, and the towne, commanded by the Colonell Hebron, and hath two batteries, one of three and another of foure pieces of Ordnance, beſides five mines in the bowels of the earth, ſo that in the earth and ayre with the helpe of the third Element of fire, wee are now labouring to bring it to obedience. Five mines made in the earth. The firſt mine is in the quarter of the Viſcount d' Arpajoux, 32 paces in length good earth, fit for the uſe of the Potter. Here wee are conſtrained to dig 35 perches deeper than in other places, becauſe of the hardneſſe of the Rocke, and yet herein we goe forward two perches every day. Here we make five ſeverall chambers or cells, every one of which ſhall be charged with 10000 weights of powder, & this is the Mine which in the end muſt give the fatall blow, being not to be prevented with a counter-mine, and ſufficient alone to blow up the fourth part of the Towne. The ſecond Mine is in the quarter of the Marqueſſe de la Force, all Rocke, of white and hard marble, and ſome peeces of it have beene ſent this weeke to his Majeſtie by the Sieur de Vignoles, who was ſent to relate our proceedings in this ſiege. This is 25. perches long, and is divided into two branches. The third is in the quarter of Collonel Hebron, full of veines of ſlate, and rockie, and is 26. perches in length. The fourth is alſo in the quarter of the Vicount d Arpajoux, all rocke, and harder than the reſt, in length 8. or 10. perches. The fifth and laſt in the quarter of the Marqueſſe de la Force, a Rocke alſo, and of twelue or fifteene perches long. Theſe two laſt have their mouthes neere the verge walls of the Citie, and are governed by the direction of the Sieurs Sexce, and S. Aman. We cannot above ground peepe ſo narrowly into the bowels of the earth, as to prefixe a certaine day, when theſe workes will be ready for the intended ſervice, but it is probable, it will be in the beginning of the next moneth. The Sieur de Serre beſide his other imployments, is alſo buſie in making furnaces in the Docke, wherein he is much eaſed by the creviſes which be therein. Some of our forces, though they are already in the Ditch, which they are become maſters of by their trenches, and approaches, yet they were there lately ſubject to many inconveniences by the musketſhot from the Citie, and broken pieces of the Rocke, which are caſt upon them ſo abundantly, that the 6. of this moneth (a thing almoſt incredible) a religious man, ſtrong and valiant, or other to the Governour, caſt from a Gabeon in leſſe than three houres more than ſixe cartloads of ſtones upon the Regiment of Tonneins, every ſtone weighing 150. pound; the continuation whereof would have much endamaged our Army, the place naturally yeel • ing to the beſieged theſe offenſive weapons plentiouſly: but the night following the Campe-maſter the Vicount de Turenne wonne the Gabion, and planted there a counterſcarpe which he defended againſt the beſieged as couragiouſly, as dangerouſly. The Vicount in this deſigne got himſelfe much honour, as well by his wiſe direction, as valiant action; and though it was but a ſhort combate, yet it was of much conſequence, the hearts of the beſieged hereupon ſo fayling them, that they did no more appeare neere the brinke of the ditch. Perpouctier Lieutenant of the Regiment of Turenne, Chelle the Serjeant Major, and Ferriere and Enſigne of the ſame did bravely in defence of their quarter, though the two laſt were wounded, the Serieant Maior with a musket-ſhot in the ſhoulder, the Enſigne with a blow of a ſtone in the head. Lartigole, and Falaiche, 2. Serieant Maiors, the one of the Regiment of Normandy, the other of Tonenis were mortally wounded, one with a ſhot in the thigh, the other in the arme. The Count of Poillea ſcaped more happily, a ſhot from a Falcon broke his ſaddle and piſtols, threw him to the earth, bruiſed his thigh, and did him no more harme. There are at this preſent before the Towne 15. Regiments, beſides thoſe of Pieardie, Navarre, and others which be not farre off, and 28. Cornets of Horſe which are entred into the guards. The 7 and 5. peeces of the two firſt batteries upon the ſecond mount, play at this preſent upon the Ravelin by the gate, and the neighbour Baſtion, and it is thought they will make a breach, becauſe there is no Rocke to defend them. Here are alſo prepared 3. or 400. ſcaling ladders, to be uſed in aſſault as ſoone as the mines have plained the mountaine, the ſouldiers being forward to the buſineſſe, granadoes of 250. and 300. pound weight being alſo in readineſſe, and the beſieged lately much daunted, and not daring to peepe out of the walls, ſince the Lacquy of the Governour was taken, as he was going forth with letters, which could not bee concealed from us, though he uſing a ſtrange invention, to hide them, made them up in forme of a ſuppoſitory, and put them into his fundament. Victuals are here good cheape; the Army is well payed; and the providence of the King is ſuch, that he hath ſent divers brethren of the Charitie, and other expert men, to cure the Souldiers of their wounds, and maladies. The beſieged cannot ſuppoſe the French want courage, they ſee they have no other hope of ſuccours but in the Kings clemency, and know it dangerous to continue in his diſpleaſure, to whom it is all one to have any man his friend, or his enemy: Thus the French makes his firſt diſcourſe of the ſiege in his firſt letter, the event of which worke hee expreſſeth fully in another, bearing date Iuly 18.28. as followeth.

The hearts of the inhabitants of La Mothe, are no leſſe appalled within, than their walls are valiantly aſſaulted without by the Kings Army, who with patience and courage have finiſhed their workes under ground. But when the Marſhall de la Force perceived that the maine deſigne of the beſieged, was to deprive him of receiving any intelligence out of the City, hee reſolved to try what effect his Mines would worke, beginning with the leaſt of all, which was one of the three guided by the Commander Serres, which on the 26 of Iuly, the Marſhall then aſſaulting the place, was blowne up two hours before day. The Marqueſſe of Tonneins being that night in guard in the trenches, who relieved the Baron of Montſvil, and who was to bee relieved by the Vicount de Turenne. This Mine, though little in reſpect of the other five Mines, was nevertheleſſe filled with 4500 weight of powder, and ſprung with ſuch impetuoſity, that it blew up all the forepart of that great Baſtion, except about a fadome, which the Marſhall de la Force aſſaulted, together with a corner of the Flancher of the ſaid Baſtion, the earth which by the violence of the powder, was blowne up into the ayre, fell into the ditch, making the acceſſe to the breach, ſo eaſie, that 25 men might enter abreſt; there was on the Baſtion whenthe Mine wrought, but one Sentinell, whoſe body the next day was found bruiſed amongſt the ruines. The blow was ſo furious, that there was found an infinite number of huge ſtones a full quarter of a mile, which ſtucke deepe in the earth with violence of the fall, yet this Mine wrought ſo favourably for the beſiegers, that there was but one Sentinell of Monſieur de Franciers company ſlain thereby, who was 800 paces from thence. The deſigne of the beſiegers, beſides the inforcing the breach, was to lodge themſelves at the foot of the ruines thereof; for which cauſe the ſprung it ſo ſoone, that by the favour of the night (which was prolonged for the ſpace of an houre by the clowds of duſt) they might accompliſh it. As ſoone as the Mine had wrought, the defendants appeared in the breach, armed with ſwords, and ſh • oting inceſſantly with Muskets, being favoured by their Cannon which played on the ſame place. The beſiegers placed a great many Muskttiers on both ſides the breach for to favour their lodging, the time on both ſides being entertained with continuall skirmiſhes. The aſſaylents being thus ordered; firſt a Sergeant with 6 Souldiers armed, advanced to diſcover the breach, at the top whereof, two of them were ſlaine: but in caſe theſe had beene able to force the worke, there was appointed to ſecond them 120 more, commanded by a Lievetenant, whom alſo all the Voluntieres, to the number of ſixe ſcore followed, who were men choſen out of the Army by the Commanders du Pont, de Courlay, and du Tetrenne: this troupe of Voluntieres was the flowre of the Army; for the greateſt part of thoſe Officers that were not that day in guard in the trenches, were of the number: after all theſe followed a groſe of a 100 Pikes and Muskettiers, but the breach by reaſon of the obſcurity, being not to be plainely diſcovered, every man kept his ſtanding in the trenches, expecting the morning light, which no ſooner appeared, but it manifeſted unto the aſſaylants, that the advantage they had, was beyond their expectation, wherefore they reſolved to force them preſently, advancing for that purpoſe, but the beſieged ſeeing the breach ſo eaſie to be forced (which by the extreame darkeneſſe of the night, they were not able to diſcerne before, although they had caſt a great many fireworkes in the ditch, as well for that purpoſe, as alſo to ſhorte on the aſſaylants with greater facility) they reſolved to parley, and demanded for that purpoſe of the Commander Vandreour, who was in the quarter of the Vicount Arpajon, if ſome of them might come forthwith ſecurity, which being granted unto them, they were received by the ſaid Vicount, who queſtioning with them concerning their Commiſſion, and underſtanding that they went onely with ſome complements to the Marſhall de la Force, anſwered them, that if their buſineſſe was for nothing elſe, they might ſave that labour, and conſider by what meanes they might reſiſt the Kings forces, but they finding themſelves ſurpriſed, with a neceſſity of treating, demanded an houres reſpire, promiſing in that time to returne with full power, which they did; three of the Citie comming forth for that purpoſe, to wit, the Sieur de Stinuill, ſonne to the Governour, a Sarjeant Major, and one of the principall Gentlemen of the countrey (who was to remaine as hoſtage for thoſe that ſhould go into the City) the sieur de Vandecour being commanded to enter at the ſame time (as hoſtage for them) whileſt the Deputies made their propoſitions (which for your ſatisfaction I will procure you) but conſidering the ſtrength of the one part, and feebleneſſe of the other, it is beleeved that they ſhall be ſuch as it ſhall pleaſe his Majeſtie to ſet downe, wherefore I ſpeake unto you as of a place alreadie taken: for beſide the Marqueſſe de Tonnins (the abilitie of whoſe Regiment (regard we either the conduct of officers or co • rage of ſouldiers) aſſure us an eaſie entrance at that breach. There was fire to be put the ſame day unto a new Mine made in the quarter of Collonell Hebron, and the Towne to be aſſaulted in two places together. The Sieur de Manican, maſter of the Campe of Normandy, who entred that day in guard, having made all things ready for that purpoſe, inſomuch that the place is already in the Kings power, in one faſhion or other; which newes the Chevallrie de Roches is gone this evening to carry unto his Majeſtie from the Marſhall: for affayres were reduced unto their termes, that the Kings Commiſſioners were appointed to enter the City the 28 of this preſent. The beſiegers have loſt onely ſeven men in this laſt action, to wit, the Sieur de Vaux, one of the Vicount de Turrenne's Gentlemen, who was ſlaine as the aſſaylants endeavoured to lodge at the foot of the breach, hee being firſt Sergeant of that Regiment, the three Souldiers that mounted the top of the ruined Baſtion, and two others▪ There was 25 hurt, amongſt whom was the Sieur Madallie, one Captaine and Lievetenant of the ſame Regiment. The beſieged acknowledge the loſſe of ſome brave men that day, amongſt whom was that great caſter of ſtones, that Eccleſiaſticke of whom I ſpake in my laſt extraordinary named brother Euſtall; for untill then, preſenting himſelfe upon all occaſions in the greateſt danger, hee had not beene ſo much as hurt, but being then ſhot through the arme, hee was therewith no whit diſcouraged, but retiring for to have it dreſſed, (which no ſooner was done) but hee preſently returned unto the breach, on the top whereof he ſtood dreadleſly in ſight of the aſſaylants, which were there placed to make good their worke begun at the foot of the ſaid breach. The chiefe cauſe that hath ſeduced the Garriſon unto this extremity they are in, was the death of their Governour, the Sieur de Iſ • he, ſlaine ſixe weekes ſince by a Cannon that made againſt the parrapet of the great Baſtion, a ſplinter from thence hitting him on the ſtomacke, the Sieur de Ʋattervill ſucceeded him, a Swiſſe by nation, a man of approved valour, but inferiour unto the precedent in reputation amongſt the Garriſon.Now if you •… y take my Prognoſtication is not pre •… c • y accompliſh, which promiſed the taking of La Mo •… 〈◊〉 beginning of his moneth) you may ſee it readered before the end of the ſame, which is wholly to be attributed unto the good fortune and conduct of the Kings Armies, who faciliate their victories beyond expectation; and for to teach the enemies of this State, that his Majeſties is no leſſe redoubted in peace, than warre, ſeeing the deſtiny of his Reigne is ſuch, that thoſe that refuſe the effects of his clemency; are not able to eſcape his force.

This following Letter, tranſlated out of the French doth expreſſe the manner of the ſiege of La Morre. The cauſe why the Chriſtian King invaded the Duke of Lorrains territories, and the termes upon which this ſtrong place was ſurrendred.

The cauſe why the King beſieged La Motta. Whereas the Chriſtian King could not longer keepe off the Duke of Lorraine from plotting and practiſing with the Spaniares, againſt his confederates, and allyes, and had 〈◊〉 notice and good entrance, that he intending to ioyne his forces with thoſe of the Catholicke King would arme his ſubiects, and imploy them againſt the friends of his Maieſtie, as alſo that he meant to keepe the ſort of La Morta, as a place of ſafety for he Burgundian Army to retire unto. Hereupon his Maieſtie cauſed the place aforeſaid which was held impregnable) to be beſieged by 〈◊〉 Marſhall 〈…〉 Force, and in fire places to be underſ •… , one of which mines being ſpring effectually Iuly •… 6/ •… , Monſieur de Tho • eins aſſaulting the ſort im • e •… tly thereupon, and taking one of the Baſtions, the Governour d' I •… being formerly ſlaine, with a ſhot from a great Ordnance, this agreement following was offered by 〈…〉 •… ſey, and St. Yo • , Commanders there, and accepted Iuly •… / •… ; upon which day a Regiment of Normans to 〈◊〉 poſſeſſion of the place, to the uſe of his Maieſtie, and the Generall de la Force, entered into the town • 〈◊〉 day following. The Articles are theſe.

SIr, by my laſt I adviſed you of his Majeſties reſt. • on for ſending his puiſſant Army into Germany, under the conduct of the Marſhall de la Force, at preſent I ſhall give advice more advantagious for France; which is, that the Lord d' Elbene atrived yeſterday in Court from Monſieur with letters to the King, which report that Monſieur reſolving to retyre himſelfe out of the hands of the Spaniard, and returne into France, taking opportunitie of the Marquiſſe of Ayetone his abſence, communicating his deſigne unto ſome few of his moſt confidents, who with others to the number of about 15. were ready provided. The 18. of this preſent about 8. a clocke in the morning, they parted from Bruſſels under pretence of going a hunting, each man leading an horſe in his hand beſide that he rid upon, as indeed there was need; for Monſieur ſpoyled two in riding 25. leagues, for in all the journey he baited but once, by which you may gueſſe at his haſte, Monſieur the ſame night about nine a clocke arrived at Capelle a frontire Citie, and from thence next day went to Soiſſons, in perfect health, as he teſtified by the rejoycings he made for having eſcaped out of the power of Spaine.