WHat shalt thou do whan thou hast an englysshe to make in latyn? I shal reherse myn englysshe ones twyes / or thryes / & loke out my pryncypal & aske y^e questyon / who / or what. And the worde that an­swereth the questyon shall be the noīatyf case to y^e verbe / excepte it be a verbe impersonall / as in this example. The mayster techeth scolers / techeth is y^e verbe. Who techeth / the mayster techeth. This worde mayster answereth to the questyon here / & therfore it shall be the noīatyf case / & the worde that cometh after y^e verbe shall be the accusatyf case comynly / as Magister docet me / & whan I haue ad adiectyf nowne pronowne or partycyple / adiectyf or relatyf I shall aske this questyon who or what. And y^e worde that answereth to the questyon shall be the substantyf to y^e adiectyf / & the antecedent to the relatyf. ¶Whan two substantyues come togyder lon­gynge bothe to one thynge / they shall be put bothe in one case. As my fader a man loueth me a chylde. Pater meꝰ vir diligit me puerū. ¶How shalte y^u knowe the pryncypall verbe in a reason yf thou haue in it moo verbes than one. Euermore my fyrst verbe shall be my pryncypal verbe / excepte he come nygh a relatyf or a cōiunccyon / or be lyke y^e infinityf mode. Wherby knowest y^u whan he cometh nygh a relatyf / euermore whan he cometh nygh ony of these englysshe wordes / that / whome or the whiche. Wherby knowest y^u whan he is lyke an infinityf mode. Euermore whan there cometh this englisshe sygne to or to be before a vbe as to loue or to be byloued / to be taught ¶What hath a relatyf / an antecedent. Wherby knowest y^u an antecedent. For he cometh before the relatyf & is rehersed of y^e relatyf. Wherby knowest y^u a relatyf. For he maketh the rehersynge of a thynge that is spoken of before / whan there cometh a noīatyf case bytwene the relatyf & the verbe personall / than the relatyf shall be suche case as the personall wyll haue after hym. As ego quē preceptor docet aduerto. And there cometh no nominatyf case bytwene the relatyf & the verbe personall [Page] than the relatyf shall be the noīatyf case to the verbe. As ego qui sedeo scribo. If the verbe that cometh nexte to the relatyf be a verbe impersonall / than the relatyf shall be suche case as y^e verbe impersonall wyll haue after hym. Exemplū. Ego sum illequē ꝑtinet tꝑis perditi. ¶Also whan I haue a relatyf co­mynge bytwene two substātyues of dyuers gendres longynge to one thynge. If y^t he cometh after the relatyf by a nowne appellatyf / than y^e relatyf may accorde with eyther of them in dyfferently. Exemplū. Eo oxoniū qd est vel qⁱ est locus studēdi But & yf the nowne that foloweth the relatyf be a propre name / than the relatyf shall accorde with hym in gendre. Exemplū. Est locus in carcere qd tullianū appellat. Unde versus

¶Two noīatyf cases hauynge a cōiūccyon copulatyf comynge bytwene them wyl haue a verbe plurel. Also two substantyues w^t a cōiunccyon copulatyf wyll haue an adiectyf plurell & two antecedēs w^t a cōiūccyon copulatyf wyl haue a relatyf plurell. Ut Iohānes & Ricardus sedent scribentes. Un̄ vsus

¶Whan I haue two nominatyf cases one of the fyrst per­sone / & the other of the seconde or the thyrde. The verbe shall accorde with the nominatyf case of the fyrst persone / as Ego & tu legimus. And whan I haue one nominatyf case of the seconde persone / & the other of the thyrde y^t verbe shal accorde with y^e noīatyf case of y^e seconde persone & not with y^e noīatyf of the thyrde. Ut tu et frater tuus estis discoli. Un̄ vsus.

¶Also whan I haue two substantyues one of y^e mascu. & the other of thefe. or y^e neutre / the adiectyf shall accorde w^t hym of [Page] the mascu. gender / for the masculyn is better than the femy. or neu. & the fe. better than the neu. as ego & soror measumꝰ albi.

¶How many verbes haue strength to cople lyke cases. vbes sub. that betoken to be. as sū es fui / & other lyke. Uerbes vocatyues as noīor appellor nūcupor vocor & dicor / āglice to be cleped named or called. As I am called Thomas. Egovocor thomas. Thou arte called Iohn̄ / tu appellaris iohānes. Uersus

¶Also some verbes passyues as eligor reputor oruinor / haue strength to cople case / & generally whan y^e worde y^t gooth before the verbe & the worde y^t gooth after y^e verbe longe bothe to one thynge / they shall be put both in one case. Also these verbes appareo sedeo / & other lyke wyl cople case somtyme. Exemplū. Laycus nō sedet iudex in causis ecclesiasticis. Uersus.

¶This verbe desino nis / anglice to leue or to cease is ꝯstrued with a genityf case / or elles w^t an ablatyf case w^t a preposicyon As in this exāple. Leue playenge. Desine ludi vel a ludo. Abstineo is construed with a genytyf case / & an ablatyf case / as in this example. We muste absteyne from flesshe the frydayes. Sextis ferijs a carnibus abstinere debemus. Unde vsus.

¶Ego es. indigeo es. are construed with a genytyf accusa­tyf or ablatyf case. Unde versus.

[Page]¶Dn̄or aris. miseror eris are cōstrued w^t a geny. or datyf case Exē. Pat meꝰ dn̄at terris multis. Deꝰ misereat nr̄i vel nobis ‘Iunguntur genito terno dominor miseri.’

¶Ualeo les / anglice to be worth / & consto as to cost are con­strued with a genytyf case of y^t worde y^t betokeneth pryce / yf the pryce be vncertayne as in this example / my boke cost more than it is worth. Libermeus cōstabit pluris (quam) valet. If the worde that betokeneth pryce sygnefyeth certayne pryce than it shall be put in the ablatyf case / as in this example. This bo­ke cost .xx. pens. Hic liber viginti denarijs constabat.

¶Accuso / arguo / damno / moneo / reprehendo / & other lyke are construed fyrst with an accusatyf case / and than with a geny­tyf case / or elles with an ablatyf case / as in this example. The mayster rebuked his scolers for theyr late comynge to scole to daye. Preceptor arguebat discipulos tardi sui aduentus. Uel de suo tardo aduētu hodie ad scolā accusabo te iniuriā. Uersus

¶Obliuiscor ris. recordor aris. & reminiscor aris / are ꝯstrued with a genytyfe case & an accusatyf case. Exemplū. I thynke vpon thy gentylnesse. Tuā humilitatē recordor. Un̄ versus

¶These verbes Priuo as. spolio. lias / and other lyke wyll haue after them an accusatyf case and an ablatyf case. Exem­plum. Iohannes priuauit me cultello. Unde versus.

¶Cōsulo is. Whan he is a verbe actyf he is englysshed to aske coūseyle & is construed w^t an accusatyf case / & somtyme with a genytyf case / or an ablatyf case / as in this example. Consulo te [Page] remedij vel de remedio. But whan ꝯsulo is a verbe neutre anglice to gyue coūseyle he is cōstrued w^t a datyf case / & somtyme with an accusatyf case / as Consulo tibi cōmodū. Un̄ versus.

¶Benedico & maledico ben construed with a datyf case all onely apd doctos / though the chyrche saye bn̄dicite dn̄m. Also the englysshe of benedico is not to blysse / ne maledico to curse / but bn̄dico is to say well / & maledico is to saye euyl. Exemplū Discipuli habēt bn̄dicere nō maledicere p̄ceptori. The scolers ought to saye well & not euyll by theyr mayster. And latyn for to curse is. Execror aris. deueneo es / or imp̄cor aris / w^t this ad­uerbe male. Ioyneth with hȳ. And latyn to blysse is. Optare bene. Exemplū. I haue cause to blysse my mayster. Habeo bn̄ optare magistro. Uel sic. Habeo bn̄ p̄cari magistro. Un̄ vsus

This verbe cōsto as. after Guaryn is englysshed somtyme to stande togyder. As ego cū illis ad ignē ꝯsteti / somtyme he is taken for this verbe / est / or this verbe / ꝯtruor is to be buylded as we say. Domus ꝯstat ex tecto pariete & fūdamēto / somtyme he is put for this vbe stit / or this vbe patet. Exem. This is open or knowen to me. Hoc ꝯstat michi / & somtyme ꝯsto is to cost.

¶Also these verbes in these vses folowȳge wyll be cōstrued with a datyf case & in y^e passyf yf they be verbes imꝑsonalles. And that y^t semeth to be y^e noīatyf case in comyn speche shal be the datyf case as in this example. I am serued. Michi seruit.

Obuio parco placet noceo respōdeo seruit. Precepit oppo­nit cōcludo iūges datiuis. Supplicat arridet faueo vaco proficit heret. Subuenit addat succurrit propiciat. Congruo cō patior ꝯfert succedit adulor. Incidit imponit cōuitior impro­perabit. Sufficit aspirat vale dico gratulor astat. Emittet eqⁱ ualet [Page] alludit obedit & obstat. Occurrit restat & cedo quando lo cum dat. Insaneor pateo minor est obtempero sibo. Derogo condoleo preiudico detraho defert. Suppetit his iungas que sum cōponit eis dans. Hec est (quam) plura ternis cōiungere cura.

¶All these vbes folowynge wyl be cōstrued w^t a double ac­cusatyf case & theyr passyues with y^e later accusatyf case. Exē. Doceo te grāmaticā. Doceor grāmaticā. Unde versus.

¶Whan this sygne y^t foloweth a nowne adie. vbe or party­cyple & cometh before the parte of a mannes body or a worde that betokeneth parte of a casuall worde that gooth before the worde that betokeneth that parte it shall be put in the ac­cusatyf without a preposicyon this fygure sygne or token. Ut hec est virgo venusta faciem. Unde versus.

¶These verbes folowynge wyll haue an ablatyf case after them. Exemplū. Uescor solo pane hodie careo byreto. Potior is construed with a genityf case & somtyme with an accusatyf case & somtyme with an ablatyf case. Exēplū. Potius est rerū sed potiri re (rum) dr̄ ꝯsequi imperiū potius est res dicimus rebus.

¶Euery partycyple gerundyue & supyne may be cōstrued w^t that same case that the verbe y^t he cometh of wyll. Uersus.

This nowne opus vndeclined wyl haue an ablatyf case after hym / & somtyme an accusa. as ego habeo opus veste aut vestē.

[Page]¶The nownes plenus a ū / & vacuus a ū. & all other that betoken fulnes or emptynes may be cōstrued with a genytyf case or ablatyf case after them. Also suche as betoken plentefulnes or pouerte may haue a genytyf or an ablatyf case after.

¶These two nownes dignus and indignus be construed with an ablatyf case all onely. vt tu es dignus premio.

¶These nownes similis & dissimilis / & other lyke be cōstrued bothe w^t a genytyf case & a datyf case. vt sū similis tui vel tibi.

¶A nowne substantyf or pronowne with a partycyple de­pendynge of no verbe or particyple wherof he may be gouerned shall be put in the ablatyf case absolute / as in this example The mayster techynge scolers must take hede. Docente pre­ceptore discipulos oportet animaduertere. Unde versus▪

¶The ablatyf case absolute shall be expowned by this ad­uerbe dum / or by this aduerbe cum. As docente preceptore sic exponitur. Cum preceptor docet. vel dum preceptor docet.

¶Whan I haue a nowne y^t betokeneth tyme mesure or spa­ce / yf it be not y^e noīatyf case of y^e verbe or other wyse gouerned of the verbe it shall be put in the ablatyf case & ofter seasons it may be put in y^e accusatyf case as in this example. I am .xxvij. yere olde. Ego sum viginti & septē annos natus. Therentius in eunucho. dies notes (que) me ames. Exemplū de spacio. Lon­don is from Oxeforde fyfty myle. Distat londoniū ab oxoniū quinquaginta milibus passuū. Exemplū de mensura. This scole is twenty fote brode. Hec scola est pedibꝰ viginti lata.

¶Whan I haue an adiectyf comynge by hymselfe without a substantyf it shall be put in the neutre gendre lyke a substantyf / as it is not good for me to stonde longe bare heed. Bonū michi non est diustare nudato capite. Unde versus.

¶Also whan I haue the englysshe of this nowne res comynge with an adiectyf I may doo awaye this nowne res and put the adiectyf in the neutre gendre. Exemplum. Pauco ha­beo. multis indigeo. ¶Also whan I haue an adiectyf and a substantyfe comynge togyder I may put the adiectyfe in the neutre gendre lyke a substantyf / and the substantyf in the ge­nytyf case. Exemplū. Habeo plus sibi (quam) potus. quis istic negocij est tibi. nichil pecunie habeo. ¶How knowest y^u a verbe impersonal / for he hath no nombre nor persone nor nominatyf case before hym. And he is fourmed and declined in the voyce of the thyrde persone of the verbe that he cometh of. ¶How many maner of verbes impersonalles ben there? two / whi­che two. A verbe impersonall of the actyf voyce / & a verbe impersonall of the passyf voyce. ¶How knowest thou a verbe impersonall of the actyf voyce / for he endeth in t in the voyce of the thyrde persone / as Penitet. miseret. How knowest y^u a verbe impersonal of the passyf voyce / for he endeth in r / & is declyned on the voyce of the thyrde persone of the verbe that he cometh of / as placet bat seruit ebat. These .v. verbes imper­sonalles. Petitet / tedet / miseret / pudet / & piget / ben construed with an accusatyf case in the stede of the noīatyf case / & with a genytyf case in the stede of an accusatyf case. As I am wery of my lyfe. Tedet me vite mee. Unde versus.

¶These verbes impersonalles in these verses folowynge wyll haue an accusatyf case in the stede of the nominatyf case As I must goo to the mayster. Oportet me ire ad preceptorē. Good scolers haue a pleasure to lerne. Bonos scolares iuuat discere. Not withstondynge somtyme they be verbes perso­nalles and haue a nominatyf before them. Exemplum. Hic cibus delectat me. Hec res latet me. Unde versus.

¶These thre verbes impersonalles refert. interest. & est sette for penitet wyll be construed with a genytyf case of nownes and an ablatyf of fyue pronownes / as mea tua sua nostra et vestra / as in this example. It is for my profyte. Mea interest It is for thy profyte. Tua interest. It is for his profyte. Sua interest. Also this verbe interest after Pryscyane is construed with an ablatyf case of the femynyne gendre of this nowne possessyue Cuius cuia cuium. Unde versus.

These verbes imꝑsonalles in these verses folowȳge wyll be construed w^t a datyf case. Exemplū. We may not ete flesshe on the frydaye. Nō licet nobis comedere carnes in sextis ferijs.

¶Pertinet is cōstrued with an accusatyf case with a preposycyon & not w^t a datyf case. Ut dicēdū ē. Hec res ꝑtinet ad me & nō michi.

¶All the verbes impersonalles of the passyf voyce wyl be cō strued with a datyf case or elles with an ablatyf case with a [Page] preposycyon expressed or vnderstonde. Exemplū. I am plea­sed. Michi placetur. The mayster is gone. Itur a preceptore. It is not at all tymes to expresse the ablatyf case. Exemplum They be gone. Itur. They fyght. Pugnatur. What do they. Quid agitur. They sytte. Sedetur. Unde versus.

¶Suche verbes as betokeneth bodyly mouynge as eo is / & venio is / may haue oftentymes the sygnyfycacyon of y^e passyf voyce in y^e preterperfectens & in all the tenses that be fourmed of hym. Exemplū. My mayster is come. Magister meus venit. My felowes ben gone. Socij mei abierunt. Whan the englysshe of the infinityf mode cometh after ony of these nownes. Hora tempus causa / or locus it may be put in a gerūdyue in di. As it is tyme to praye. Tēpus est orandi. I haue cause to wepe. Habeo▪ causam flendi. It is vsed also after adiectyues and voyces of partycyples that be nownes whan they haue a gerundyue after them. Exemplū. Timens negandi doctus cantandi peritus dicendi. cupidus audiendi & similia.

¶Whan the englysshe of the infynytyfe mode cometh after a verbe or a parti. betokenynge prayenge / it shall be put in age rundyue in do / with this preposycyon de before hym. Exem­plum. Oro te de scribendo michi latinitatē. ¶Also whan I haue the englysshe of a particyple be the presentens with this sygne of comynge after a nowne adiectyfe it shall be put in a gerundyue in do without a preposycyon. As I am wery of syttynge. Ego sum fessus sedendo. Uersus.

¶Whan y^e englysshe of a particyple of the presentens cometh after a nowne substantyf w^t this preposycyon in / it may be put in a gerūdyue in do. Exēplū. Scolers in takyng hede growe to cūnynge. Scolastici in aduertendo euadunt docti. vsus

¶Whan the englysshe of y^e infinityf mode cometh after a reason & telleth the cause of y^e reason it may be put in a gerundyue in dū / with this preposycyon ad before hȳ / as I come to lerne grāmer. Uenio ad discendū grāmaticā. Unde versus.

¶A gerūdyue in dum may come in comyn speche with this preposycyon inter pre / put in the stede of the noīatyf case & the verbes as inter sedendū / id est dū sederent / as they walked / in ter ambulandum / as they ryde / inter equitandum.

¶Whan the englysshe of y^e infynityf mode foloweth this englysshe it is / it may be put a gerūdyue in dū / with this verbe est / sed impersonali. Exemplū. The kynge it is to fyght. Regi pugnandū est. Scolers it is to studye. Scolares studendū est And that the semeth to be the nominatyf case shall be the da­tyf case. Also whan I haue this englysshe must where. As it semeth to be made with this verbe oportet / it may be put in a gerundyue in dum / with this verbe est. As I must goo in to the towne. Eundem est michi in vrbem. Unde versus.

¶Whan the englysshe of the infynytyf mode cometh after a verbe or a partycyple betokenynge mouynge or goynge to y^e place it shall be put in the fyrst supyne. As I go on huntynge Ego vado venatum / & fro a place it shall not be set in the later supyne / but I shall take the nowne verball or an other now­ne lyke / as I come fro souper. Uenio a cena. Exemplū. I come fro huntynge. Uenio a venatione. Unde versus.

¶In y^e stede of the fyrst supyne lackynge I shall take the gerundyue in dū with this preposycōnad. As I go to lerne grā mer. Uado ad descendum grāmaticam. Unde versus

Whan I haue y^e englysshe of y^e infinityf mode comȳge after a nowne endynge in ilis or in bilis / it shall be put in y^e later su­pyne / as our lesson is harde to cūne. Lectio nostra est difficilis situ. It may be vsed also after other adiectyues. Ut hoc est dignū factu. Hoc est turpe dictu. Unde versus.

¶Whan the englysshe of y^e infynytyf mode cometh after this verbe. Sū es fui. If it be of the actyf voyce / it shall be put in a partycyple of the fyrst futertens in rus. As I am to go out of the towne to morowe. Cras profecturus sum. And yf it be the englysshe of the passyf voyce / it shall be pui in a partycyple of the latter futertens / as chyldren must be corrected. Pueri sunt castigandi. Unde versus.

¶Whan the partycyple fayleth I shall take this relatyf qui [Page] que qd / with the verbe. Un̄ cū dicitur angli. I shall lerne grā mer / or I am to lerne grāmer / the whiche maner of englysshe is not vsed. Non recti dicitur. Ego qui sum discā grāmaticā ne (que) dicimus. Ego fui vescens. fui reminiscens aut sum qui timebo. But in all suche englysshe I shall exclude the relatyf and make it by the tens that is equiualent or elles by another verbe that is of the sygnyfycacyon or equiualent. Ut ego dis­cam grāmaticā. aut sic. Dabo operam grāmatice.

¶Whan I haue an englysshe to be made by ony of these verses. exulo / vapulo / veneo / fio / or liceo / that doth the dede of the verbe shall be put in the ablatyf case with a preposycyon / and that the suffrer shall be put in the noīatyf case / as y^e kynge hath banysshed many traytours. A rege multi traditores exularūt The fysshers sell theyr fysshe dere. A piscarijs pisces cari ve­neūt. Also whan I haue an englysshe to be made by this verbe nubo bis / that the dooth the dede of the verbe shall be put in the datyf case / & that the suffreth shall be put in the noīatyf case / as in this exāple. My broder shall wedde thy syster. Fra­tri meo nubet soror tua. ¶Whan I haue a propre name of a place towne or cyte / & yf it be the fyrst declenson or the seconde and y^e synguler nombre & betokeneth at a place / it shall be put in the genytyf case aduerbyally. Exemplū. I go to grāmer at Oxforde. In cūbo grāmatice oxonij. I was borne at yorke. Natus sū Eboraci / but & the propre name of the place sygne­fyenge at a place be the plurell nombre / or elles ony other de­clenson haue the fyrst declenson or the seconde it shal be put in the ablatyf case aduerbyally without a p̄posycyon / as I haue a broder at scole at Athenis. Est michi frater studens Athenis ¶Also to a place yf it be a propre name of a place it shal be put in the accusatyf case w^tout a preposycyon on whatsoeuer declen­son or nombre that it be. Notwithstondinge somtyme I may put a preposycyon before hȳ as here by this example. I go vnto [Page] Oxforde. Eo oxoniū vel ad oxoniū. I shall go to London. Ibo londoniū vel ad londoniū. ¶Also fro a place & it be a propre name of a place is the sygne of the ablatyf case without a preposycion what soeuer declenson or nombre it be as I come fro London. Uenio lōdine. I come fro oxforde. Uenio oxonio notwithstondynge somtyme I may take a preposycōn before hym. Ut venio ab oxonio / venio a londino. ¶These rules or propre names ben to be vnderstonde of suche y^t be not cōpou­ned / for & they be compouned euermore I must put a preposycyon before them / as I haue ben at saynt Iames. Fuit apud sctm̄ Iacobū. I go to saynt Iames. Uado ad sanctū Iacobū I come fro saynt Iames. Ueni de sctō Iacobo. ¶Also these foure nownes. Rusdomꝰ humꝰ belli. And militia foloweth the rules of propre names of places. As I haue ben at home. Fui domi. I go home. Uado domū. I come fro home. Ueni a domo. Notwithstondyngerus is put after aduerbyally in the datyf case than the ablatyf. Exemplū. Ruri tui / my fader dwelleth in the countree. Pater meus ruri habitat.

¶This nowne domus is thus declyned. Ntō hec domꝰ / gtō huius domi vel domus / dtō huic domui / actō hāc domū / vtō o domus / ablatiuo ab hac domo. Et pl'r ntō he domus / gtō ha (rum) domo (rum) vel domuū / dtō his domibus / actō has domos / vtō o domus / ablatiuo ab his domibus. Unde versus.

¶Whan I haue a questyon asked I shall answere euermore by the same case y^t the questyon is asked by excepte it be asked by a possessyf. Exemplū. Quē queris. Whome sekest y^u Ma­gistrū / Cuia filia est hec / Respondeat Socrates. Uersus.

¶Euery worde y^t is put materyally / that is to saye taken for the voyce onely shall be y^e neutre gendre the synguler nombre [Page] and declyned and the thyrde persone. Exemplū. Amo est verbum. magister est nomen. The nownes in these verses folo­wynge lacke the genytyf datyf and ablatyf plurell.

¶All y^e nownes of nombre fro one to an. C. be nownes adiec tyues & the plurell nombre & vndeclyned. As in plurali numero ntō hu & he & hec quattuor. hij he & hec quin (que). Un̄ versus

All nownes dystributyues / relatyues / interrogatyues / & wordes includynge a negacōn lacke y^e vocatyf case. Also this worde nemo lacketh bothe y^e vocatyf synguler & the plurel nōbre.

¶These foure verbes incipit / desinit / debet / et solet whā they be Ioyned to infynytyf modes of verbes personalles or w^tout ony infynytyf mode they be verbes personalles / & gouerne before them noīatyf cases. But whan they be Ioyned vnto infynytyf modes of verbes impersonalles they be verbes impersonalles & wyll haue the case of the verbe impersonall y^t they be Ioyned tofore them. Exemplū. Me incipit tedere tui.

[Page] WHat nownys maketh comparison all ad­iectyues welnere that betokenyth a thynge that may be made more or lesse as fey­re feyrer feyrest blacke blacker blackest.Dubiꝰ so briꝰ ebriꝰ mita (que) a lia signi­ficatiōes cōparati onē reci­piūt / non tn̄ voce ¶How many degreys of cōparisons be ther .iij. the posyue the cōparatyue and the suꝑlatyue ¶How know you the posytyue degre? For he is the groūde & the begīnyng of al other degres of cōparisō ¶How know you the cōparatyue degre? For he passyth his posityue with this englysshe more or his en­glysshe endeth in Ras more wyse or wyser.

¶Howe knowe you the superlatyue degre? For he passyth his posityue with this englysshe most or his englysshe endyth in yst as moste feyre or feyryst mo­ste whyte or whytyst.

¶Of whome is the comparatyue degre formyd? of the fyrste case of his posityue that endyth in I yf he be declyned by puttynge to or and vs as noīatiuo al bus a ū genitiuo albi put therto or and vs and it wyl be hic et hec albior et hoc albius.Suot. qm̄ tenui orū tute­lā locupletiores ī se ꝯtulissēt. Priscia­nꝰ dexterti (qd ra­rū ē) recti format ꝯparatiuū Noīatiuo hic et hec tenuis & hoe tenue genitiuo huiꝰ tenuis datiuo huic tenui put therto or and vs and it wylbe hic et hec te­nuior & hoc tenuiꝰ. Out of this rule be except bonus that makyth melor malus peior magnus maior paruus minor multus plus dexter dexterior sinister sinisterior potis potior Iuuenis Iunior and senex seni­or whiche lackyth the neutur gendur in vs also the superlatyue degre Adiectyuys compounde of facio dico volo and loquor forme the cōparatyue & the suꝑlatyue degree of the datyue case of the participull in cus as magnificus magnificentior magnificentissi­mus [Page] lyke maledicus beneuolus vaniloquus with other lyke forme the cōparatyue & the suꝑlatyue.Istius­modi parictipia (vt sētit / valla) ne in vsu qⁱ ­dē sūt preter (quam) ma­ledicens. Inuenit pientissi­mꝰ (sed) id a piēs nō a pius ¶Adiectyuys hauyng a woll before vs haue nether cōparatyue nor superlatyue degre in vse▪ but in ther styde we muste take the posityue with this aduerbe magis or maxime. yet somtyme of pius is founde piissimꝰ & of strenuꝰ strenuissimꝰ Also of egregius the posityue is founde egregius in the comparatyue. ¶Euery comparatyue degre passyth his posityue by one sillabul at the leste excepte these in these ver­sys folowynge.

¶Of whome shall the suꝑlatyue degre be formyd? If his posityue be declyned. of the fyrste case that endyth in I by puttynge to s and simus as albi albissimus felici felicissimus out of this rule be out take bonus that makyth optimus paruus minimus malus pessimus magnus maximus multus plurimꝰ potis potissimus nequam nequissimus also suche as hathe a woll before vs vt supra dictum est.

¶These nownys agilis gracilis humilis docilis & similis with theyr cōpoūdys forme the suꝑlatyue degre of the noīatyue case by puttynge awaye is & put­tynge to limus as facilis facillimus with dobyl▪ l. ¶When the noīatyue case of the posityue endyth in R the superlatyue shalbe formyd of hym by puttyn­ge to rimus as pulcher pulcherrimꝰ out take dexter that makyth dextimus sinister sinistimus vetus seu veter veterimus maturus seu matur maturimꝰ vel [Page] maturissimus.

¶Subter formyth subterior sero seruis secus secius ante anterior and lackyth the superlatyue degre pa­ruin formyth minus minimum pridem prior primꝰ intra interior intimus prope propior proximus but iutimus and proximus whenne there be the posity­ue degre make intimior proximior and lacke the su­perlatyue degre sepe sepius sepissime diu diutus diutissimus magnus magis maxime post posterior po­stremus ocys ocyor ocyssimus infra inferior infimꝰ nuper et pene nuperrime penissime / Ulpianꝰ Si qⁱs eximior co­gnatꝰ nasceretur. and lackyth the comparatyue degre supra superior supremus vel sū ­mus penitus penitior penitissimus citra ceterior citimus vltra vlterior vltimus extra exterior extimus vel extremus detero vel deter antiqua prepositio de­terior deterimus.

¶The comparatyue degre in vs by puttynge to cu­lus maye make a diminutyue as of melius meliusculus a um of maius maiusculus a um suche diminutyuys be construyd with the same case that the compa­ratyuys be that they come of.

¶The comparatyue degre is construyd by the rea­son of his degre with an ablatyue case and somtyme with ony other case with this coniunction (quam).

¶The superlatyue degre maye be construyd by the reason of his degree with a genityue case plurell of all casuall wordys or an accusatyue case with inter [Page] or an ablatyue case with ex not withstondynge now­nys collectyuys be vsyd bothe syngler and plurel af­ter the superlatyue degre.

¶The comparatyue and the superlatyue degre by the reson of theyr significations maye be construyd with all casys that theyr posityue maye whyle they be of one parte of reson Inueniuntur tū alaqū ꝓpior & proximus cū casu positiui.Salustꝭ. ip̄i ꝓpior mōtē cum oī eqⁱtatu at (que) peditibꝰ suos collocat / Sum

SUm es fui esse futurus Indicatiuo modo tempore presenti sum I am es est. In plri sumus estis sūt. Pretito imꝑfecto erā eras erat. In plri eramus eratꝭ erāt. Pretito ꝑfecto fui fuisti fuit. In plri fuimꝰ fuistis fuerūt vel fuere. Pretito plus (quam) ꝑfecto fuerā ras rat. In plr̄i ramꝰ ratꝭ rāt. Futuro ero eris erit.Tp̄e īstā tꝭ hmōi ī uēit sim is it. vt vult dio­medes. Inuenit intdū fuero is it / ꝓ futuro huiꝰ mo­di Uocꝭ p̄ti­ti ꝑfecti & futi ꝯiū ­ctiui ali- In plri erimꝰ eritꝭ erūt. Imꝑatiuo modo sis vt es sit. In plri simꝰ este sint Futuro esto tu vel ille. In plri simꝰ estote sūto vel suntote. Optatiuo modo vti nam essem ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setis sent. Pretito imꝑfecto cū preterito ꝑfecto vt fuerim ris rit. In plr̄i rimus ritis rint. Preterito plus (quam) ꝑfecto vt fuissem ses set. In plri semꝰ setꝭ sēt. Futuro vtinā sim sis sit. In plri simꝰ sitis sint. Potentiali modo essem ses set. In plri semus setis sent. Pretito imꝑfecto cū p̄tito per­fecto fuissem ses set. In plri semꝰ setꝭ sent. Perterito plus (quam) ꝑfecto fuissē ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setis sent. Fu­turo sim sis sit. In plr̄i simꝰ sitis sint. Cōiūctiuo mō cū sim sis sit. In plr̄i simꝰ sitꝭ sint. Pretito īꝑfctō cū essem ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setis sent. Preterito ꝑfecto cū fuerim ris rit. In plri rimus ritis rint. Preterito plus (quam)ꝑfecto cū fuissē ses set. In plr̄i semus setis seut [Page] Futuro cum fuero ris rit. In plr̄i rimꝰ ritis rint. In finitiuo modo instātis esse. Preterito ꝑfecto & plus (quam) perfecto fuisse futuro fore vel futurū esse. Gernudijs & supinis caret vnicū participiū venit ab hoc verbo substantiuo prioris futuri tm̄ vt futurus.

¶This verbe sum es fui with all his compoundys lackyth the gerūdiuys and the supynys also the participull of the present tens out take absum possum and presum but the participipull of the fyrste futur tens they haue all out take possum.

¶Adsum ades englysshed to be at p̄sent or by is cō ­struydAdsum comenly with an ablatyue case with this preposition In and somtyme with a datyue case englysshyd to helpe or to fauer is construyd also with a da­tyue case but englisshyd to come he requirith no case of hym self ad somtyme he is vsyd for his primatiue

¶Subtersū whiche is sylden foūde and subsū to be vndyr be construyd with a datyue case only.

¶Posum potes anglice to may or to can gouernith [Page] noo case of hym selfe but by the vnderstonge of ano­ther verbe.frauelis Possum.

Absum¶Absum es anglice to be awaye or absent and to be distant is construyd with an ablatyue case with the se prepositons a or ab.

Insum¶Insum ines anglice to be in is construyd with a datyue case but comēly with an ablatyue case with this preposition in prosum anglice to helpe or to do good vnto requyryth euer a datyue case.

Intersū¶Intersum in all his significations is compoūde of inter and sum es fui except he be put for ꝑtinet for Lic sepe intfui q̄ ­relis meorū equa­lum. Sculto ī telligens qⁱd īterest Lic Int belluā et hoīem hoc maxime interestthen he is compounde of in re & est somtyme he is englysshyd to be present and thenne he gouernys after hym a datyue case somtyme he is englisshyd to be betwene or to be different and then he is cōstruyd with a datyue or ellys an accusatyue case with inter or an ablatyue case with these prepositions a or ab somty­me the thyngꝭ that be different shalbe put in the noīatyue case somtyme he is put for dystat anglice to be fro and then the thynge that betokenyth the distan­ce shalbe put in the nominatyue case except the Infityue mode let it and the thynge that the dystance is fro in the ablatyue case with a preposition and the thynge that the dystance is to in the acusatyue case [Page] with ad somtyme he is englysshyd to be for profyt to longe or to perteyne cuius constructio in paruulorum institutione patet.

¶Desum dees anglice to lacke or to wante is cōstruydDesum with a datyue case of the lacker and with a nomi­natyue case of the thynge that is lackyd excepte the Infinityue mode let it also obsum to hurte wyll ha­ue after hym a datyue case.

¶Supersum anglice to be left to renityue or to be abundantSuꝑsū is construyd with a datyue case and somtyme in these significations he is put absolutly

¶Presum es anglice to haue preeminēs or to bere a rule is construyd with a datyue case.Presum

vOlo vis volui velle di do dū cū supinis volēs Indicatiuo modo tēpore presēti volo I wyll vis vult. In plr̄i voluinus vultis volunt. Preterito imperfecto volebā bas bat. In plr̄i bamꝰ batis bant [Page] Preterito perfecto volui isti it. In plr̄i voluimus voluistis voluerūt vel voluere. Preterito plus (quam)ꝑfecto volueram ras rat. In plr̄i ramus ratis rant. Futuro volam les let.Diomeo les fac velis &c. In plr̄i lemus letis lent. Imperatiuo modo cum optatiuo modo vtinā vellem les let. In plr̄i lemꝰ letis lent. Preterito imperfecto caret. Preterito ꝑfecto (vt)vter voluerim ris rit. In plr̄i rimus ritꝭ rint. Preterito plus (quam)ꝑfecto vtinā voluissem ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setis sent. Futuro vtinā velim lis lit. In plr̄i limꝰ litis lint. Potentiali modo caret. Con­iūctiuo modo cū velim velis lit. In plr̄i limꝰ litꝭ lint Preterito imꝑfecto cū velētes let. In plr̄i lemꝰ letis lent. Preterito ꝑfecto cū voluerim ris rit. In plr̄i rimus ritis rint. Preterito plus (quam)ꝑfecto cū voluissē ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setis set. Futuro cū voluero ris rit. In plr̄i rimꝰ ritis rīt. Infinito modo velle. (Pretito)Preterito ꝑfecto & psuls (quam) ꝑfctō voluisse. Futuro caret. Gerūdia vel participalia verba sūt her volendi do dū supimꝰ caret vnicū participiū venit ab hoc verbo neutro & a nomalo presentis temporis tm̄ vt volens.

FeroFEro fers tuli ferre ferendi do dū latū latu fe­rens laturus. Indicatiuo modo tempore p̄senti fero fers fert. In plr̄i feremꝰ fertis ferūt. Preteri­to imꝑfecto ferebā bas bat. In plr̄i bamꝰ batis bant Preterito ꝑfecto tuli tulisti tulit. In plr̄i tulimꝰ tu­listis tuler̄t vel tulere. Preterito plus (quam)ꝑfecto tulerā ras rat. In plr̄i ramꝰ ratis rāt. Futuro ferā res ret. In plr̄i remꝰ retꝭ rēt. Imꝑatiuo mō ferferat In plr̄i feramꝰ ferte ferāt. Futo ferto tu vel ille. In plr̄i feramꝰ fertote ferūtol ferūtote. Optatīo mō vt ferre res ret. In plr̄i remꝰ retꝭ rēt. Pretito imꝑfecto cū p̄terito [Page] ꝑfecto vt tulerim ris rit In plr̄i rimꝰ ritꝭ rint. Pretito plus (quam) ꝑfecto vt tulissē ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setꝭ sent Futuro ferā ras rat. In plr̄i ramꝰ ratꝭ rāt. Potētiali mō tp̄e p̄sēti ferrē res ret. In plr̄i remꝰ retis rēt. Preterito imꝑfctō caret. Pretito ꝑfecto tulissē ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setꝭ sent. Pretito plus (quam)ꝑfecto tulissē ses set. In plri semꝰ setis sent. Futuro ferā ras rat. In plr̄i ramꝰ ratꝭ rāt. Cōiūctiuo mō cū ferā ras rat. In plri ramꝰ ratis rant. Pretito īꝑfecto cū ferrē res ret. In plr̄i remꝰ retis rent. Pretito ꝑfecto cū tulerim ris rit In plr̄i rimꝰ ritis rint. Pretito plus (quam) ꝑfecto cū tulis­sem ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setis sent. Futuro cū tulero ris rit. In plr̄i tule rimꝰ ritis rīt. Infinito modo ferre. Preterito ꝑfecto & plus (quam)ꝑfecto tulisse. Futuro la­turū esse. Gerūdia vel participalia verba sunt her fe­rendi do dum. Supina latum latu. Duo participia veniunt ab hoc verbo actiuo & anomalo presentis vt ferens futuri vt laturus.

¶Affero fers anglice to fetche or to brynge is con­struydAffero with an accusatyue case and a datyue & sometyme in the syde of the datyue he wyll haue an accu­satyue with this preposition ad.

¶Aufeto fers anglice to take a waye to bere alwayeAufero or to stele is construyd with a datyue case / and an ac­cusatyue [Page] or ellys with an accusatyue and an ablatiue with a preposition.

¶Fero compoūde with an ante pre or post is cōstru­yd with an accusatyue and a datyue case also prefero ioyned with me te se nos or vos is englysshyd to shewe and wyll haue bysyde the pronowne an other ac­cusatyue case somtyme with out ony of these ꝓnow­nys he is englysshyd to showe.Uultu ī ­patiēciam p̄ferens.

Confero¶Confero fers anglice to comen or to talke with all is construyd with an accusatyue and an ablatyue ca­se with cū & somtyme with an accusatyue case with inter. And ofte tymes the first accusatyue case is not expressyd but vnderstond. somtyme he signifyeth to ascribe to put to or to put vpon and is cōstruyd with a dobyll accusatyue case of the whiche the latter is v­syd with this preposition In also he signifyeth to cō pare and is construyd with an accusatyue and a da­tyue or ellys with an accusatyue and an ablatyue case with this preposition cū also he signifyeth to brynge to gether and thenne he is construyd with an accusatyue case many tymes with two of the whiche the lattur wyll haue a preposition somtyme he signify­eth to gyue and thenne he is construyd with an accusatyue & a datyue somtyme in the stede of the daty­ue case he wyl haue an accusatyue case with this pre­position in also he signifyeth to be good or holsome [Page] for / and is construyd with a datyue case or an accusa­tyue case with this preposition ad also ioyned with ony of these accusatyue casis me te se nos or vos he si­gnifyeth to go.

¶Effero fers anglice to brynge forthe to bere forthe or to fetche forth to prese or to exalt is construyd with an accusatyue case anglice to translate one langage in to a nother is construyd with an accusatyue case and an ablatyue with a preposition.

¶Circunfero fers anglice to bere aboute to sprede aCircūfe­ro brode is construyd with an accusatyue case

¶Defero anglice to bere or brynge is construydDefero with a dobyl accusatyue case of the whiche the latter wyl haue this preposition ad or in before hym anglice to vtter or accuse is construyd with an accusatyue and a datyue case or ellys with a dobyl accusatyue case of the whiche the latter wyll haue this preposition ad before hym.

Differo¶ Differo fers anglice to dyffer is construyd with an accusatyue case with this p̄positiō Inter or with an ablatyue case with a preposition anglice to tere or to deuyde is cōstruyd with an accusatyue case anglice to prolonge he is construyd with a dobyll accusatyue case of the whiche the latter wyll haue this prepo­sition In before hym.

Infero¶Infero fers anglice to brynge in to bere in to fet­che in or to conclude or to put in is cōstruyd with an accacusatyue case anglice to do or to make is ꝯstruyd with an accusatyue & a datyue case also ioyned with me te se nos or vos he signifieth to go ī or to come in.Salust ignoscite adolescē ­cie cethe­gi nisi iterū iā pa­trie bellū intulit Offero

¶Offero fers anglice to offer or to profer is construyd with an accusatyue and a datyue case also ioyned with these accusatyue casys me te se nos or vos he signifyeth to mete and is construyd with a datyue case

Profero¶Profero fers anglice to showe or to brynge forthe to prolonge to put of or to defere is construyd with an accusatyue case.

Suffero¶Suffero fers anglice to suffer to bere vp or out is [Page] construyd with an accusatyue case.Therēt nū (quam) suf­ferre erꝰ sūptꝰ q̄at Perfero

¶Perfero anglice to suffer gretly is construyd with an accusatyue case anglice to bere or to brynge is construyd with a dobyll accusatyue case of the which the lattur wyll haue this p̄position ad before hym.

¶Transfero anglice to ascribe to put to or to put a­pontransfero also to bere or to cary ouer is construyd with a dobull accusatyue case of the whiche the lattur wyll haue this preposition in or ad before hym also he signifyeth to translate one langage in to a nother and is construyd with an accusatyue and an ablatyue case with a preposition somtyme he hathe also a secon­de accusatyue case with in.

¶Refero anglice to tell is construyd with an accusatyueRefero case and a datyue anglice to brynge agayne is construyd with an accusatyue and a datyue case and somtyme in the stede of the datyue case he wyll haue an accusatyue with this p̄position ad anglice to put in arbitriment he is construyd with a dobyll accusatyue case of the whiche the lattur wyll haue this preposition ad before hym And somtyme in the stede of the fyrste accusatyue case he wyll haue an ablatyue with this preposition de Also ioyned with these wordys gratia or par he signifyeth to quyght and is construyd with a datyue case also ioyned with me te se [Page] nos or vos he signifyeth to go or to come & in al these significations he is compounde of this preposition re and fero.

Oliedo is di ede­re edendi do dū di­cebantur vt ait di­omedes.EDo es edi esse essendi do dū esū esuvel estū estu edens esurus vel esturus. Indicatiuo mō edo I ete es est. In plr̄i dimꝰ estꝭ dūt. Pretito iꝑfctō ede­bā bas bat. In plr̄i bamꝰ batꝭ bāt. Pretito ꝑfecto edi disti dit. In plri dimꝰ distis derūt vel dere. Preteri­to plus (quam)ꝑfecto ederā ras rat. In plurali ramus ratꝭ rant. Futuro edam des det. In plr̄i demꝰ detis dēt. Imꝑatiuo mō es ete thou edat. In plr̄i edamus este edāt.Diome­des. Ede. at. amus. di­te. aut. Futuro esto tu vel ille. In plr̄i damꝰ estote edū to vel edūtote. Optatiuo mō vt essē ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setis sent. Preterito imꝑfecto cū p̄terito ꝑfecto vt ederī ris rit. In plr̄i rimꝰ ritꝭ rint. Pretito plus (quam)ꝑ­fctō vt edissē ses set. In plr̄i semꝰ setꝭ sēr. Futo vt edā das dat. In plri damꝰ datis dant. Potentiali mō tē pore presenti essem ses set. In plri semus setis sent. Preterito imꝑfecto cū preterito ꝑfecto edissem ses set In plri semꝰ setis sent. Preterito plus (quam) ꝑfecto edissem sesset. In plr̄i semꝰ setis sent. Futuro edam das dat In plri damꝰ datis dant. Coniunctiuo modo rū edā das dat. In plr̄i damꝰ datis dant. Preterito imꝑfe­cto cū essem ses set. In plri semꝰ setis sent. Preterito ꝑfecto cū ederim ris rit. In plri cū rimus ritis rint. Preterito plus (quam)ꝑfecto cum edissem ses set. In plurali [Page] semus setis sent. Futuro cum edero ris rit. In plu­rali rimis ritis rint. In finitiuo modo tempore prē ­senti esse to ete. Preterito perfecto et plus (quam)ꝑfecto edisse to haue eton or had eton. Futuro esurum vel estu­rum esse. Gerundia vel participalia verba sūt hec es­sēdi do dū. Supina esum esu vel estum tu. Duo participia veniunt ab hoc verbo neutro et anomalo pre­sentis temporis vt edens. Futuro vt esurus vel estu­rus.

FIo fis factus sum fieri factum tu factus futu­rus.Fio. Indicatiuo modo tempore presēti fio fis fit. In plurali funus fitis fiunt. Preterito imperfe­cto fiebam ebas ebat. In plurali bamus batis bant. Preterito perfecto factus sum vel fuitus es vel fuistitus est. vel fuit. In plurali ti simus vel fuimus ti e­stis vel fuistis ti sunt fuerūt vel fuere. Preterito plus (quam)perfecto factus eram vel fueram tus eras vel fue­ras tus et at vel fuerat. In plurali ti eramus vel fue ramus ti eratis vel fueratis ti erant vel fuerant. Futuro fia [...] es et. In plurali emus etis ent. Impera­tiuo modo fi be thou made fiat. In plurali fiamus fite fiant. Futuro fito tu vel ille. In plr̄i fiamus fi­tote fiunto vel fiuntote. Optatiuio mode vtinam fierem wolde god I were made res ret. In plurali remus retis rent. Preterito imperfecto cum preteri­to perfecto vtinam factus sim vel fuerim I pray god I haue be made tus sis vel fuerꝭ tus sitvel fuerit. In plr̄iti simus vel fuerimꝰ ti sitis vel fueritis ti sint vl fuerint. Preteritoplus (quam) perfecto vtinam factus es­sē vel fuissētus esses vel fuisses tus esset vel fuisset. In [Page] plr̄i ti essemꝰ vel fuissemꝰ ti essetis vel fuisse tis ti essēt vel fuissēt. Futuro fiam let me be made fias be thou made fiat. In plr̄i amꝰ atis ant. Potētiali modo fie­rem res ret. In plr̄i remꝰ retꝭ rent. Pretito imꝑfecto cū p̄terito ꝑfecto factꝰ essem vel fuissē tus esses vel fuisses tus esset vel fuisset. In plri tiessemꝰ vel fuissemꝰ ti essetis vel fuissetꝭ ti essent l fuissent. Pretito plus (quam) ꝑfecto factus essem vel fuissē tus esses vel fuisses tus esset vel fuisset. In plr̄i ti essemꝰ vel fuissemꝰ ti essetis vel fuissetis ti essent vel fuissēt. Futuro fiā I may be made or can be made as at. In plr̄i amꝰ atis ant. Cō iūctiuo modo cū fiā whē I am made as fiat. In plr̄i amꝰ atꝭ ant. Pretito imꝑfctō cū fierē res ret. In plr̄i cū fieremꝰ retis rent. Pretito ꝑfecto cū factꝰ sim l fuerim tus sis vel fueris tus sit vel fuerit In plr̄i ti simꝰ vel fuerimꝰ ti sitis vel fueritꝭ ti sint vel fuerīt. Preterito plus (quam) ꝑfecto cū factꝰ essē vel fuissē tus esses vel fuisses tus esset vel fuisset. In plr̄i ti essemꝰ vel fuissemꝰ ti essetis vel fuissetis ti essent vel fuissēt. Futuro cū factus ero vel fuero tus eris vel fueris tus erit vel fue­rit. In plr̄i ti erimꝰ vel fuerimꝰ ti eritis vel fueritis ti erint vel fuerint. Infinitiuo modo fieri to be ma­de. Pretito ꝑfecto & plus (quam)ꝑfecto factū esse vl fuisse to haue be made or had be made. Futo futurū esse to be made. Gerūdijs caret Supina factū factu. Duo parcipia veniunt ab hoc verbo passiuo & anomalo prete­riti vt factus futuri vt futurus.