How you shall behaue you in taking of Hawkes, and with what Instruments, and how you shall Ma [...]e them.

HE that will take Hawkes, must haue Nets which are called Vrines, and those must be made of good small thréed, and it must be dyed eyther gréene or blew, that they be not espied, and you must take with you néedle and thréed, to inséele the Hawkes that are taken, and in this manner they must be inséeled: Take the néedle & thréed and put it through the vpper eye lid, and so of the other, and make them fast vn­der the beake that she sée not: when she is inséeled, beare her home, and cast her on the Perch, and let her stand there a night and a day, and the next day take and cut the thréed away softly for breaking the eye lids: then gently begin to reclaime her, and deale easily with her, til she will sit vpon thy fist, for feare of hurting her wings, and the same night after the féeding, wake her all night & all the next day, then she will be easie enough to be reclaymed and the first meat that she eateth let it be hot, and giue her enough therof. Now there be Faulconers of latter and better knowledge which will not séele their young Hawkes at all, but rather Male them, which is lesse painefull and dangerous to the Hawke, and it is in this manner: you shall take an hand­kercher, and knitting the two corners together so straight that the Hawke can but onely put forth her head, which forcing her to do you shall draw the rest of the handkercher ouer all her bodie, and fold it so close about her, that by [Page] no meanes she can stirre her wings, which done, you may carry her home without any trouble, and there vnmayling her, cast her on the Perch.

How your Hawke may be drawne to be reclaimed, and the manner of her dyet.

BEfore you cast your Hawke vpon the Perch, you shall put vpon her a Rufter hood, which must be wide and ea­sie, then by rubbing warme meat vpon her féete, and tickling her so as she may looke downeward, and sometimes by touching her beake with the meat, and then putting it to her féete againe, you shall make her learne to féede, which after she hath taken a bite or two she will doe willingly: then you shall begin to watch her, and not suffer her to take any rest till she be so gentle and patient that she will suffer you to take off her hoode, and put it on againe, and will féede bare fac'st, without taking any offence or bating: then being hard penned, she may be drawne to be reeclaymed: for while she is tender penned, she is not able to be rclaymed: and if she be a Goshawke or Tercell that is reclaimed, euer féed her with washt meat at the drawing, and at the reclaiming, but let it be hot, and in this manner wash it: Put the meat into the water, and strike it vp and downe in the water, and wring the water out of it, and féede her therewith, if she be a Brauncher: and if it be an Eyes, you must wash it clea­ner then ye doe to the Brauncher, and with a linnen cloath wipe it and féede her: and euermore the third day when she is flying giue her casting, and if she be a Goshawke or Ter­cell, in this manner: Take new Blanket cloath, and cut fine morsels, & with a kniues point make a hole in euery morsell, and put in the pellets of cloath, and put them in a faire dish of water, then take the Hawke and giue her a morsell of hot meat, the quantitie of halfe her supper, then take that which lyeth in the water and feede her for all night.

How you shall feed your Hawke, and to know her infir­mities, and of the diuersities of them.

IF your Hawke be a Sparhawke, euer féed her with vn­washt meate, and looke that her casting be plumage, then looke it be cleane vnder the Perch, for the next day you shall finde her casting vnder the Perch, and therby you shal know whether she be cleane or not: for some péeces will bée yel­low, and some gréene, and some clammy, and some cleare: and if it be yellow she ingendreth the Frounce, which is an euill that will rise in the mouth, or in the cheeke: and if it be gréene she ingendreth the Rye: the condition of this euill is this, it will arise in the head, and make the head swel, and the eye wil be heauy and darke, and if it be not holpen it wil fall downe into the legs, and make them ranckle, and if it goe in­to the head againe, then the Hawke is lost: if it be clammy the ingendreth an euill called the Cray, which is when she may not mutise or mute.

Marke well your Medicines heere following.

FOr the Frounce in the mouth, take the small end of a sil­uer spoone, and put it into the fire, till it be hot, then open the beake and burne the sore, & annoint it with the marrow of a Goose, that hath lyen long, and it will helpe her: if the Frounce be great, then there is a gurb in it, which you must cut with a Raser, hold the Hawke and slit the place where the sore is, and you shall finde in it as it were the maw of a Pigeon, take a paire of shéeres and snip the sore, and make it as cleane as you can with a linnen cloth, and annoint the sore foure daies with Balme, and afterwards with Pampilion till it be whole: The Frounce commeth when a man fée­deth his Hawke with Porke or Horse-flesh foure daies together.

For default of hot meat the disease of the Rye commeth, and the best cure therefore is to let her tyre much vpon sinewic and tough meat, as the [...]umps of Mutton, Béefe, or [Page] such like, and with the same to mingle euer a handfull of Parcelie, that as she teares the meate she may teare it also.

How the Cray commeth.

THe Cray commeth of washt meat, which is washt with hot water, for lacke of hot meat, & it commeth of thréeds which is in the flesh that the Hawke is fed with, and though ye picke the flesh neuer so cleane, ye shall finde thréeds ther­in. And the best cure is with a little warme oyle of Roses to bath and cleanse her tuell or fundament, and then to giue her the scowring of Selladine rootes dipt in Oyle of Ro­ses also.

When your Hawke shall bathe her.

EVery third day let your Hawke bathe her during Sum­mer, if it be faire weather, & once in a wéeke in Winter, if it be warme, and not else, and when you bath your Hawke euer giue her some hot meat vnwashed, although she bee a Goshawke, and the best hot meate is Sparrowes or other small birds, and next them the Pigeon, Rooke, or Chicken.

How you shall make your Hawke flye with a good courage in the morning.

IF you will haue her flye in the morning, feede her the night before with hot meat, and wash the same meat in vrine, and wring out the water cleane, and that will make her haue a lustie courage to flie after the best manner.

How you shall guide your Hawke if she be full gorged, and that you would gladly haue a flight.

IF your Hawke be full gorged, and that you would spée­dily haue her flye, take foure cornes of Wheat, and put them in a morsell of flesh, and giue it her to eate, and shée will quickly cast all that is within her, and after that she hath cast, looke that you haue some hot meat to giue her. [Page] Yet vse this but seldome for feare it bring your Hawke to such a weakenesse of stomacke that the will not be able to indue any meat at all.

Another medicine for the Rye.

TAke D [...]e leaues and stampe them in a Morter, and wring out the iuyce, & with a pen put it into the Hooke­mares once or twise, when the Hawke is small gorged, and anone after let her lyre, and she shall be as whole as a fish.

Also, and you giue your Hawke fresh Butter, or Mar­row of Hogs that is in the bone of the leg of Porke, it will make her cast water at the mares: but it will make her haughtie and proud.

Another medicine for the Cray.

TAke and chafe the fundament of your Hawke with your hand and warme water a good while, and after that take the powder of Saxifrage, or else the powder of Rew, and a quantitie of May Butter, and temper them well together, then put it in a little Boxe and stop it close, and euery meale when you féede your Hawke annoint her meate therewith, and for the loue of the oyntment she will eate her meat the better. This experiment will kéepe her from the Cray, and many other sicknesses that oft ingender in Hawkes. Also take the whole heart of a Pigge, and féede her therewith two daies, and it will make her whole.

Also take Porke and put it into hot Milke, and féede your Hawke therwith, and that will make your Hawke mute af­ter the best manner: And Porke, with the Marrow of the Leg of Porke will make her doe the like. Also vse her to fresh Butter & it will doe the same. Also one or two meales of a Pigs liuer hot will make her mute, but let her not haue too great a gorge thereof, for it is a perillous meat. Also take the white of an Egge, and beat it that it be as thin as wa­ter: put the same in a vessell, and stéepe the meat there­in all the day before you giue it her, and at night féede her [Page] therewith, and that which shall be for her dinner the next day, let it lie in stéepe all night: but in any wise sée that you haue fresh whites of Egges, and if her féeding be of Porke it is the better. This is proued.

The perfect rules or tearmes for Faulkners, be­longing to Hawkes.

THe first is hold fast at all times, and especially when she bateth: it is called bating, for she bateth with her selfe most often causelesse. The second is, rebate your Hawke to your fist, and that is when your Hawke bateth, the least mo­uing that you can make of your fist, she wil rebate againe on your fist. The third is, séede your Hawke, and not giue her meate. The fourth, she smiteth or seweth her beake, and not wipeth. The fist, your Hawke souketh, and not sléepeth. The sixt, she pruneth, and not perketh: and she pruneth not but when she beginneth at her legs, and fetcheth moysture like Oyle at her tayle, and bawmeth her feete, and stroketh the feathers of her wings through her beake: it is called the Note, when she fetcheth such oyle. A Hawke would neuer be let of her pruning: for when she pruneth her selfe she is lustie and of good liking, and when she hath done she will rowse her selfe mightily: and sometime she countenanceth as she picketh her, and yet she pruneth her not, and then you must say she reformeth her feathers, and not picke her fea­thers. The seuenth your Hawke collyeth, and not beaketh. The eight rouseth, and not shaketh her. The ninth, she stret­cheth, and not claweth nor scratcheth. The tenth, she man­telleth, and not stretcheth: when she putteth forth her legs from her, one after another, and her wings follow her legs, then she doth mantell her, and when she hath mantelled and bringeth both her wings together ouer her backe, you must say she warbleth her wings, and that is a tearme fit for it. The eleuenth, your Hawke mutesseth, or muteth, and not shiteth. The twelfth, you cast your Hawke vpon the Perch and not set her vpon the Perch.

For speciall tearmes belonging to Hawkes, when you shall haue any cause to commend them for diuers of their properties.

FIrst, you must say she is a fayre Hawke, a huge Hawke, a long Hawke, a short thicke Hawke: and not to say, a great Hawke: Also she hath a large beake, or a short beake: and not call it a bill: and a huge head, or a small head, fayre seasoned. You must say your Hawke is full gorged, and not cropped: and your Hawke putteth ouer and endueth, and yet she doth both diuersly. You shall say she is a Hawke of an excellent péece, when her proportion is square and broad betwéene the Pinions, you shall say she is of a fayre malye, eyther sandie, blew, or white, which are the extrea­mest circles or tips of her feathers.

How your Hawke putteth ouer.

SHe putteth ouer when she remoueth her meat from her gorge into her bowels: and thus ye shall know: when she hath put it ouer, she trauerseth with her body, and specially with her necke, as a Crane doth, or other bird.

When you shall say she endueth and embowelleth.

SHe neuer endueth so long as her bowels be full at her féeding, but as soone as she is fed and resteth, she endueth by little and little: and if her gorge and her bowels in any thing stiffeth, you shall say she is embowelled, and hath not fully endued: and as long as you may find any thing in her bowels, it is very dangerous to giue her any meat.

Marke well these tearmes.

SAy your Hawke hath a long wing, a faire long taile with sixe bars out, and standeth vpon the seuenth. This Hawk is interpened, that is to say, where the feathers of the wings be betwéene the body & thighes: this Hawke hath an huge leg; or a flat leg, or a round leg, or a faire enfered leg.

To know the mayle of an Hawke.

HAwkes haue white mayle, Canuas mayle, or red mayle, and some call red mayle, yron mayle: which mayle is soone knowne. Canuas mayle is betwéene white mayle and yron mayle, and yron mayle is very red.

Plumage and cast your Hawke.

A Goshawke nor Tercel, in their sore age haue not their mayles named, but is called their plumage: and after that coate it is called their mayle: And if your Hawke flye for, or reward to any Hawke by countenance to flye therto, you shall say cast your Hawke thereto, and not flye thereto.

Noumed or seased.

ANd if your Hawke noume a fowle, & the fowle breake from her, she hath discomfited many feathers of the fowle, that is broken away: but in kindly spéech you shall say, your Hawke hath noumed or seased a fowle, & not taken it.

Wherefore a Hawke is called a Rifler.

OFtentimes it happeneth with a Hawke, that for ea­gernesse when she should noume a Fowle, she seaseth but the feathers, and therefore such Hawkes be called Ri­flers if they doe oft so.

The names of all the members of your Hawkes, with their conuenient tearmes.

FIrst, Cleys behinde that streyneth the backe of the hand, ye shall call them Talons.

The Cleys within the foot, you shall call them her pounses.

But the Cleys that are vpon the middle stretchers, you shall call them the long sengles.

And the vttermost Cleys, you shall call them petty sen­gles, and the leg in generall is called the beame.

The Key or closer.

THe long sengles are called the Key of the foot, or the clo­ser: for what thing soeuer a Hawke streineth, is vpon the sengle, and the strength thereof fortifieth all the foote.

Seres of watery or waxie colours.

YOu shall vnderstand, that the skinne about the Hawkes legs and her féete, is called the Seres of her legs, and her féete whether they be watry or waxy colour are yellow, yet some be more blewish or inclining to a sea-gréene, which is the best of all, for it sheweth valour, and that the Hawke is bred in a hard, cold, and strong Erie.

The beame feathers.

A Hawke hath twelue feathers on her tayle, and one principal feather of the same in the midst, and in a man­ner all the rest are couered vnder the said feather, and that is called the beame feather of the tayle, & there is black bars ouerthwart the tayle, and those barres will tell you when she is full summed or full fermed: for when she is full barred she standeth vpon seauen, and then she is perfect readie to be reclaymed: as long as a Hawke standeth vnder the num­ber of seauen barres, and she be in her sore age, you may say she is not full summed, for so long she is but tender penned, whether she be Brauncher or Eyes: And if she be a mewed Hawke and stand within seauen barres, you may say she is not full fermed, for she is not able to be reclaymed, be­cause she is drawne too soone out of the mew, for she is not penned no harder then a sore Hawke: or you shall say her feathers are in bloud, which is a general warning or caueat that you may in no wise draw or reclayme your Hawke till she be hard penned.

Brayles or Brayle-feathers.

AN Hawke hath long smal white feathers, hanging vn­der her tayle from her bowels downeward, and it is [Page] called the Brayle-feather: and commonly euery Goshawke, and euery Tercels brayles be sprinkled with blacke specks like armines, but for all that, they be accounted neuer the bet­ter: But if a Sparrowhawke, be so armined vpon the brayles, or any Musket, you shall say she is degouted to the vttermost brayle, and it betokeneth great hardnesse.

Breast feathers, Plumage, Barbe feathers, Pendant feathers.

THe feathers aboue the former part of a Hawke, be cal­led breast feathers, and the feathers vnder the wings are Plumage: the feathers vnder the beake be called Barbe feathers: the feathers that be at the ioynt of the knée, that are hanging and sharpe at the ends, those be called the Pen­dant feathers.

Flages or flagge feathers.

THe feathers at the wings next to the bodie, be the flages, or flagge feathers.

Beame feathers of the wing.

THe long feather of the wing is called the Beame fea­ther, and the feather that some call the pinion of other fowles, of an Hawke it is called a sercell: and if she be in mew, the same feather will be the last that she will cast, and till that be cast she is neuer mewed. I haue heard some say that she hath cast that first, but the other rule is more common: and when she hath cast her sercel in mew, then is it time to féed her with washt meat, & to begin to ensayme her.

Ensayme.

ENsayme of an Hawke is the greace, and if that be taken away with féeding of washt meate (as it is declared hereafter) she will gender a panell, which will be her vt­ter confusion, if she flye therewith and take cold there­upon: for indéede it is onely moderate and temperate exer­cise which best ensaymeth a Hawke, for that breaketh [Page] and dissolueth the grease most naturally, which afterward you must force her to auoid by gentle scourings, and after taking of stones and casting, the one being an excellent cou­lour, and the other a most perfect cleanser of the gorge and other vncleane places where the glut remaineth.

Couerts, or couert feathers.

THere be feathers vpon the Sercelles, and those be cal­led couert-feathers, and so all the feathers be called that be next ouer the beame feathers, or the flagge feathers of the wings: the foremost out-bearing feathers of a Hawke are called the brest feathers, the feathers vnder the wings are called plumage, those vnder the beake are called the barbe feathers, and those which are at the ioynt of the Hawkes knée, hanging downeward, be called the pendant feathers.

Backe feathers.

THe feathers vpon the backe, halfe be called backe fea­thers.

Beake, Clap, Nares, Sere.

THe Beake of the Hawke is the vpper part that is crée­ked: the neither part is called the Clap of the Hawke: the holes in the Hawkes beake be called the Nares: the yel­low betwéene the beake and the eye is called the Sere.

Cryuets.

THere be long small blacke feathers like haires about the Seres, and those be called Cryuets of the Hawke.

Sore age.

YOu shall vnderstand that the first yéere of an Hawke, whether she be a Brancher or Eyesse, the first is called her sore age, and all that yéere she is called a sore Hawke: and if she escape that yéere, with good féeding she is like to endure long, and then she is called an Entermewer: the [Page] third yéere she is a white Hawke, the fourth a white Hawke of the first coate, and so doubling till her end.

To reclayme a Hawke.

IF you will reclayme your Hawke, you must diuide one meale into thrée, vntill that she will come to reclayme: and when she will come to reclayme, make her that she sore not, nor plane: for though she be well reclaymed, it may fall out that she will sore so high, that ye shall neuer sée nor find her: And if your Hawke flye to the Partrich, looke that ye ensayme her before she flye, whether she be a Brauncher, Eyesse, or mued Hawke.

When a Hawke is called an Eyesse.

A Hawke that is called an Eyesse, is for her eyen: for a Hawke that is brought vp vnder a Buzard or Put­tocke, (as many are) haue watry eyne: for when they be dis­closed and kept in forme till they be full summed, ye shall know that by her watry eyes, and also her looke will not be so quicke as a Braunchers is: and so because the best know­ledge is by the eye, they be called Eyesse: ye may know an Eyesse by the palenesse of the Seres of her legs, or the sere ouer the becke: also by the taintes that be vpon her tayle and her wings: which taintes come for lacke of féeding when they be Eyesses. This is an other opinion of Eyesses but that which is formerly declared is most vsuall, common and oftest within our practise, for in these latter daies, of better knowledge, men will not so mispend the egs of good Hawkes as to suffer them to be disclosed by Buzards, or any vnworthy fowles.

What a Taynt is.

A Taynt is a thing that goeth ouerthwart the feathers of the wings and of the tayle, like as it were eaten with wormes, and it beginneth first to bréed at the bodie in the pen, and the same pen shall fret a sunder, and fall [Page] away through the same Taynt, and then is the Hawke des­paraged for all that yéere.

Medicines to Ensayme your Hawke.

TAke the roote of Rasne, and put it in cleane water, and lay your flesh therein to temper a great while, and giue it to your Hawke to eate: and if she eate thereof, dread not but it will abate her greace, but in thrée daies she will not greatly abate. Also take Puliall and Garlicke, and stampe it well together, and wring out the iuyce in a dish and then wet the flesh therein, and féede your Hawke therewith: Ensayme your Hawke within foure daies, but looke euery day that you make new iuyce, and when you féede her, wet your meat therein: Also take iuyce of Marsley mores, other­wise called Persley roots, and the same of Isope, and wash your flesh therein, and your Hawke shall be ensaymed kind­ly, and no great abate to the Hawke. Some vse to lay their flesh in water almost a day, and giue the same to the Hawke at supper, and let that lie all night to giue her in the mor­ning, and thus to féede them in the mew, or ere they be drawne, about a moneth or sixe wéekes, and to ensayme them ere they come on the fist, and assoone as they cast their sercell, then is it time to féede them so.

How your Hawke ensaymeth.

YOu shall further vnderstand, that so long as your Hawkes féete looke blacke and rough, she is ful of greace, and euer as she ensaymeth, her féete will waxe yellow and looke smooth.

How you shall behaue your selfe when your Hawke is readie to flye.

VVHen you haue ensaymed your Hawke and recla­med her, and that she is readie to flye to the Par­trich, you must take a Partrich in your bagge and go into the field, and let your Spaniells finde a couie of Partriches, and [Page] when they bvp and begin to scatter, you must marke them and couple vp your Spaniels: and when you haue so done, let him that hath the Partri [...]h in the bagge take a paire of creance to the Partrich legge, and cast her vp as hie as you can, & as soone as your Hawke séeth her she will flye thereto: and if your Partrich sease vpon her aboue, giue her a reward thereupon: this done, goe to the Partriches that you haue marked, doe as hereafter followeth: and if you haue a cha­stised Spaniell that is rebuked and is a retriuer, vncouple him alone and go and single out one of the Partriches of the couie, and goe as nigh to the rising of him as you can, and if your Hawke haue a desire cast her to it: and if she take it, then your Hawke is made for that yéere, and of the same Partrich that shée slayeth you must thus reward her as followeth. There be other latter Fawlkners which for the making of a young Hawke, will take a Partrich and séele it, then com­ming into the field, in a place which is both most likely for the haunt of Partriches, and also most conuenient for the making of your slight: take the Partrich and lay her downe close in some furrow, and couer her with a Hat, so as shée cannot spring vp, then hauing a long line fastned to the Hat, let one stand a farre off from the Hat, and hold the line in his hand, all which when you sée well prepared, then cast off your Hawke, and after shée hath flowne about or two, séeing her head to be turned inward towards the game, you shall cause him that hath the string to plucke away the Hat, vp­on which discouerie the Partrich will spring, and the Hawke will stoope and pursue it, which assoone as she hath taken, you shall very well reward her vpon it, as with the head, necke, intrailes, and at the least one of the legges, onely you must remember, that before you giue your Hawke this traine, you must make her very willing to foote any hand Partrich whatsoeuer.

How you shall reward your Hawke.

TAke the Partrich, and cut the head and necke from the body, and [...] the skinne from the necke, and giue it her to eate, and couer the body of the Fowle with a hat, and lay the sayd head and the necke thereupon, and if shee will forsake the Fowle that she plumeth on and come to the reward, then secretly take away the Partrich, and reward your Hawke with the braine and the necke, but beware that she eate no bones, for it will make her vnlustie for to flye: and thus must you serue her of as many as she flyeth at, but let her reward be the lesse, or else she will be quick­ly full gorged, and then she will not flye a good while.

How your Hawke shall reioyce her selfe.

VVHen your Hawke hath slaine a Fowle, and that you haue rewarded her as before, let her flye no more till she hath reioyced her: that is to say, till she hath sewed, feakt, or snited her beake, or else rouzed her: and when she hath done any of all these, goe and retriue more, and she will noume plentie.

When your Hawke hath noumed a Fowle, what you shall doe that you rebuke not the Hawke.

LEarne this thing when she doth noume a Fowle, stand good way from her, and take away your Spanieles for rebuking of her, for diuers Hawkes con not abide the Spaniels, and when your Hawke plumeth, come softly to­wards her néerer and néerer, and if she leaue pluming & looke vpon you: stand stil and chearke her and wistell her, vntill shd plume againe, and serue her thus vntill you be nigh her, then softly fall on your Knées, and priuily while shée plumeth, set your hand, and be sure of the Iesse, and then ye may guide all things as you will, and if you doe the contrarie, shée will for feare carrie away the game, or let it goe quicke, which is losse both to you and to your Hawke also. Besides, rash [Page] comming in to a Hawke, maketh her take dislike at a mans face and countenance, and that toy once conceiued, she will neuer after indure to looke vpon him at libertie, as we dayly sée by experience of many good Hawkes at this day, from whom the best Fawlkners cannot take away that infirmitie: therefore the safest way of preuention, is to doe nothing about her rashly, but with great temperance and a countenance chearfull, and amiable.

A Medicine for an Hawke that is lowsie.

TAke quicksiluer, and put it into a Bason of Brasse, and put into it Salindine and Ashes, and mingle it well to­gether till the quicksiluer be dead, & put thereto fat of bones, and annoynt the Hawke therewith, and it will kill the Lice: also powder of Orpement blowne vpon the Hawke with a quill will kill the Lice.

The opinion of Ostregiors.

AFter the opinion of many Ostregiors, if you féede your Hawke continually with Porke, with Iayes or Pyes, or carrie her much in raynie weather, she will be lowsie.

Ostregers, Speruiters, Faulkners.

BEcause I spake of Ostregers, you shall vnderstand that they be called Ostregers that kéepe Goshawkes or Tercels of Goshawkes, and those that kéepe Sparrow­hawkes and Muskets, be called Speruiters, and kéepers of all other Hawkes be called Faulkners.

You shall call the long Line wherewith you call your Hawke, your Creance, whatsoeuer it be.

A medicine for an Hawke that casteth her flesh.

PVt the flesh that you féede your Hawke withall in faire water, and féede her therewith thrée daies, and it will kéepe her in flesh.

A medicine for an Hawke that hath lost her courage.

YOu may know when your Hawke hath lost her cou­rage, for when you cast her to the Fowle: she flyeth awayward, as though she knew not the Fowle, or else she will flye a little after her, and then giue her vp: and this is a very good remedie for such a Hawke. Take Oyle of Spaine, and temper it with cleare Wine and the yolke of an Egge, and put into it some Beefe, and giue her there­of fiue morsels, and then set her in the Sunne, and at night féede her with an old hot Culuer, and if you féede her thus thrée times: your Hawke was neuer so lusty and iolly before, as she will be after, and come to her courage againe.

A Medicine that an Hawke shall not lye in Mew for vnlustinesse.

TAke Fearne roots that grow within an Oke, and Oke apples, and make iuyce of them, and wet her flesh therein that she eateth, and féede her thrée or foure times, and it will make her leaue that.

A Medicine for an Hawke that hath the Tanie.

A Hawke that hath the Tanie, a man may soone know if he take héede: for this is her manner, she will pant more for one baiting then some will doe for thrée or foure, and if she should flye a little while, she would almost lose her breath: whether she be fat or leane, and she will be al­waies heauie, and this is the remedie. Take a quantitie of the rednesse of Hasell, and a little of the powder of Ro­sen, of Pepper, and somewhat of Ginger, and make there­of with fresh greace three pellets, and hold your Hawke to the fire, and when she féeleth the heate, make her swal­low the thrée pellets by force, and knit her beake fast that she cast it not out againe, and this doe thrée times, and she shall be safe.

Also take Alisander, and the Roots of Primroses, and the [Page] roote Grongnaulles, and séeth them in Butter, and giue her thrée morsels euery day, vntill she be whole, and looke that she be empty when ye giue the medicine.

How you shall take your Hawke from the Erye.

VVHo so taketh his Hawke from the Erye, it be­houeth him to be wise in bringing her easily, and to kéepe her from cold, and from hurting of her bones, for they be tender, and she must haue great rest, and they must haue as cleane ayre as can be, and alwaies giue her cleane and hot meate, and giue her a little and often, and chaunge her meate often, and cut her meate into small morsels, for they should not tyre on bones: and then when she be­ginneth to pen, and plumeth, and pruneth, and picketh her selfe, put her into a close warme place where no Vermine may come in to her, and let the place be close from winde and rayne, and then she will some her selfe: and euermore giue her good hot meates, for it is better for a man to féede his Hawke while she is tender with good meate, and to make her good with some cost, then to féede her with e­uill meates to make her vnthriftie with little cost: and looke when she beginneth to some, then giue her bathing.

A Medicine for wormes in a Hawke, which sicke­nesse is called the Fylanders.

BEware of this sickenesse: the remedie for it is this. Take an herbe that is called Neppe, and put it into the gut of a Capon, or of an Hen, and knit it with a thréed, and let her receiue it whole, and she will be whole and safe.

Thus you shall know when your Hawke hath wormes in her belly: looke when she hath cast, and then ye shall finde one or two about her casting place, if she hath within her any.

A Medicine for an Hawke that casteth wormes at her fundament, and what wormes they be.

TAke the lymayle of yron, and mingle it with the flesh of Porke, and giue it two daies to the Hawke to eate, and she shall be whole.

A Medicine for an Hawke that hath a sicknesse called the Aggersteyne.

VVHen you sée your Hawke hurt her féete with her beake, and pulleth her tayle, then she hath the Ag­gersteyne: For this disease, take the dung of a Doue, and the dung of a Shéepe, and strong Vineger, and mingle them softly in a brazen bason, and mingle them welll together to serue for thrée daies after, and giue her flesh of a Culuer with Honey, and with powder of Pepper, and set her in a darke place nine dayes, and when you sée new feathers on her tayle, wash her with Verose nine daies, and she will be whole.

A Medicine for an Hawke that hath the Crampe in her wings, and how it commeth.

TAke a white Loafe of bread, somewhat colder then it comes out of the Ouen, and hold the Hawke softly for hurting, and cut the Loafe almost through, and display her wing easily, and hold it betwéene the two parts of the Loafe, and let it be held so the space of halfe an houre, and it will helpe her.

The Crampe commeth to an Hawke by taking cold in her youth: therefore it is good for an Hawke to kéepe her warme, whether she be young or old.

Let not your Hawke be put into mewe to fat, but in this manner as followeth, if ye loue her.

KEepe her well, and put her not late in mew: for who so for couetousnes of flying, loseth the time of his Hawkes mewing, and with-holdeth her too long from it, he may after [Page] put her in mew at aduenture, for then a part of her mewing time is past. Who so putteth his Hawke in mew in the be­ginning of Lent, if she be kept as she ought to be, she should be mewed in the beginning of August, which is the best time of all other.

How you shall dispose and ordaine your mew.

SEt and dispose your mew in this manner, so that no We­sell nor Pole [...]t, nor no other Vermine annoy it, nor that it be windie or cold, nor that it be ouer hot, let one part of it stand towards the Sunne, so that the most part of the day the Sunne may come to it Also you must looke that she be not troubled with noyse or the singing of men, & that no man come to her but onely he that féedeth her: you must let her haue a féeding stocke in her mew, and a long string to binde her meate, or else she will carry her meat about the house and beray it with dust, and peraduenture she will hide it till it stinke and then féede on it: which if she should do, it would be her death. And therefore when it is bound to the féeding stocke, then she will neyther at féeding, neyther at tyring, nor at lighting downe, nor at rising hurt her selfe: and when she hath fed, take away that she leaueth, and looke that she haue fresh at euery meale: for of stale and euill meats she will ingender many diseases, and looke that you neuer go to the mew but when you carry her meat or water to bath her. Suffer no rayne to wet her at any time if you may: and as for her bathing, that will nothing hinder her mewing. This mew would notwithstanding the warmth and closenesse, haue a conuenient place from some window built aboue a yard outward, and at least a yeard and a halfe square, which would be onely lathed of an indifferent widenesse without any loome, so as the ayre might fréely come in thereat, for this must be the place where your Hawke in the heate of Summer may weather her selfe, which is as comfortable as any meat whatsoeuer: Besides your mew must neuer be without store of Hawkes stones of all fises, of sand, grauell [Page] and gréene tuffes, for it is both wholesome and naturall for a Hawke to féede vpon the gréene grasse, yet they must be often changed, and so must the water in which she batheth, the tubbe being large and not aboue fiue inches in depth at the most.

The manner how a man shall put his Hawke into the Mew: and is proued.

ONe thing you must beware of, that she haue no sicke­nesse before you put her in Mew: for as I haue proued, a sicke Hawke shall neuer mew well, but though she mew she shall not endure: but when she is great and fat, for at the bating of her estate, she will no longer endure. Sometime without any medicine many men deuise how they may mew their Hawkes: for some put them in at high estate, & some when they be very low, and some when they are empty and leane: but it makes no matter for that, if she be sound: neuer­thelesse, you shal heare mine aduise as I haue séene & proued.

Whosoeuer putteth a Goshawke, a Tercell, Sparhawke or any other Hawke into Mew, so high that she may be no higher, she will hold her long ere she léese and leaue any feathers: and who so putteth her into mew, leane, it will be long ere she remount: and who so putteth her into mew too leane and hungry, if she haue meate at her will, she will eate too much, because of hunger, and she is likely to kill her selfe therewith, as hath béene often séene: but who so will haue his Hawke indure and mew kindly, my counsel is that she be neither too high nor too low, nor in distresse of hunger, but as she should best flie: but take héede the first day of too much eating, till the time that she be stanche, and after you may giue her such meat as I shall describe you hereafter.

In what manner you shall feede your Hawke in your mew.

LOoke what meate she hath béene most vsed to be fed with, and féede her therewith eight dayes together, and [Page] giue her Birds enough morning and euening, and let her plume vpon them well, and take casting of the plumage, and that will clense her well, and cause her to haue good appetite, and it will clense her bowelles well, and when she is well clensed, you may giue her what meate you will, so it be cleane and fresh. But the best meate to make her mewe soonest with­out any medicine, is the flesh of a Kid, of a young Swanne, and of a young Chicken, and of a young Goose: for such meate is hot of it selfe: a Rat also is excellent.

Also take péeces of great fresh Eeles, and especially that next the nauell, and wet it in hot blood of Mutton, it is good to make her to mew, but especially it will make her white after her sore age. These said fleshes be good to mew a Hawke, and to kéepe her in state, but looke that she haue plentie eue­ry day, that she rather leaue then lacke, and euery third day let her bathe if she will: and when she is waxed nere somed, then let her eate Hennes and fat Porke: and of a Hound is passing good. For to speake the truth, and as long experi­ence teacheth vs, there is no meate generally so good for a Hawke that is in any good and perfect state of body, as doggs flesh is, so it be giuen warme or not too stale.

To make a Hawke mew quickly, without any hurting of her.

THe experiment is thus approued. Take an Adder that is red of nature, and also there be Snakes of the same kinde, and they be very bitter, take two or thrée of them, and smite off their heads and their tayles: then take a new earthen Pot that was neuer vsed, and cut them in small pée­ces, and put them into the Pot to séeth, and let them séeth at leisure, and let the Pot be couered close that no ayre come out of it, nor no breth, and let them séeth so long that the péeces turne to greace, and put it into a cleane vessell, a [...] as oft as you féede your Hawke, annoynt her meat there­with, and let her eate as much as shée will, and that will mew her at your will.

Also if you take Wheate and Barly and boyle it in the broth that the Adders were sodden in, and when you sée it begin to breake, take it out, and féede Henns and Chickens there­with, and with those hennes or chicknes féede your Hawke. This medicine is well approued amongst all our late Faulkners.

Who so would haue his Hawke mew, and that her feathers shoud not fall.

TAke powder of Canel, and the iuyce of Francke­coste, and the iuyce of Paranie, & take thrée or foue mor­sels of meat, and wet them therein, and make your Hawke swallowe them, and serue her so many times.

Also take the skinne of a Snake and of an Adder, and cut them into small péeces, and temper it with hot blood, and make your Hawke to eat thereof, and she shall not mew.

For the Gowte in the throte.

VVHen you sée your Hawke blow many times, and that it commeth of no bating, you may bée sure she hath the Gowt in her throte: and for that disease, take the blood of an Peacocke, Incense, Myrabolana, & cloue Gil­ly flowers and Canel, and Ginger: and take of all these euery euening, and mingle them with Peacockes blood, and séeth it till they be thicke, and thereof make morsells, and giue the Hawke at morning and noone.

For the Gowte in the head and in the reynes.

VVHen you sée your Hawke may not endue her meate, nor remoue her estate, she hath the Gowte in the head and in the reynes. Take Momie, (among the Apothecaries you may haue it,) and the skinne of an Hare, and giue it to your Hawke to eate nine times with the flesh of a Cat, and if she hold the meate she shall be safe.

A medicine for the Crampe in the thigh, in the legge, or in the foote or an Hawke.

VVHen you sée your Hawke lay one foot vpon an o­ther, then she is taken with the Crampe, then draw her blood, both vpon the foote that lyeth on the other foote, and vpon the legge, and it will helpe her.

For the Cough, or the Pose.

TAke powder of Bayes, and put it on the flesh of a Doue, and giue it oft to your Hawke, and it will helpe her.

A medicine for the sicknesse within the body of any Hawke, if it shew not outwards, how she shall be holpen and in what manner.

A Man may know by the countenance of an Hawke partly her infirmities: but it is straunge to know ma­ny diseases, when he knoweth not whereof nor how it com­meth: For this desease féede your Hawke well of an Hen, and then make her fast two dayes after, that she may emp­tie her body: the third day take Hony and séeth it, and fill her full, and binde her beake that she cast it not out againe, and then set her out of the Sunne, and when it draweth to­wards night féede her of a hote Fowle: and if this will not helpe her, neuer looke for other medicine.

For the passion that Goshawkes haue fasting.

TAke the roote of small Rushes, and make iuyce of them, and wet her meate therein, and make her eate thereof.

A medicine for the Falera.

VVHen you see your Hawkes Tallents waxe white, then it is a signe shée hath the Falera, the cure is: take a blacke Snake and cut away the head and taile, then take the middle and frie it in an earthen Pot, then take the Grease and saue it, and annoynt the flesh either of [Page] Pigeon or Hen therewith, and let the Hawke féede thereon eight dayes together: and at the end of eight dayes, féede her with warme Birds.

For the Podagree.

VVHen your Hawkes féete are swelled, then we say she hath the Podagrée: the cure whereof is, take fresh May Butter, and as much of Oyle Oliue, and of Allome, and chase them well together at the fire, and make thereof an oyntment, and annoynt her féete foure dayes to­gether, and set her in the Sunne, and giue her the flesh of a Cat, and if you sée it auaile not, séeth the cutting of a Viue and wrap in it about the swelling, and let her sit vpon a cold stone, and annoyt her with Butter till she be whole.

For Hawkes that be wounded.

TAke away the feathers about the wound, and take the white of an Egge, and Oyle of Oliue, and mingle them together, and annoynt the wound, and kéepe it with white wine, vntill the time that you sée dead flesh, and then put in­to the wound Escompe, vntill the time that the dead flesh be wasted: after take Incense, and take as much of the one as of the other, and mingle them together and when you will annoynt the sore, heat your oyntment, and annoynt it with a pen, till the time the skinne growe againe: and if you sée dead flesh about it, and that you would haue it away, wash it with Vineger, and then annoynt it with this oyntment a­foresaid, and she shall be whole.

A medicine for an Hawke that hath the Arteticke.

VVHen you perceiue that your Hawke is fat about the heart, you may trust to it she hath the Ar­teticke, therefore let her blood in the originall vaine, and after that, giue her a Frogge to eate, and she will be whole.

A Medicine for an Hawke that is troubled in the bowels.

VVHen your Hawke is troubled in her bowels, you shall know it by her eyes, for her eyes will bée darke, and she will looke drowsily, and her mutising will de­file her fundament, then take the Hawkes meate, and an­noynt it with the powder of Camomile or Ferne, and giue it her to eate, and she shall be whole.

A Medicine for an Hawke that hath the Gout.

FEede your Hawke once or twice with an Irchin, and it shall helpe her.

A Medicine for an Hawke that hath Mytes.

TAke the iuyce of Wormewood, and put it where they be, and they will die.

A Medicine for an Hawke that hath the Stone.

ANnoynt her Fundament with Oyle, and put in the powder of Allome with a hollow straw into her fun­dament: Also take an herbe called Castis Larder, and an­noynt her mouth therewith, and she will be whole. Also if you take small Flamis roots, and Polepodie of the Oake, and the Nerues of Spinage, and grinde them well, and féeth it in Butter, and strayne it through a cloath, then make thrée Pellets as bigge as a Hassell Nut, and put them in your Hawkes mouth in the morning, and looke that she be emptie, and then let her fast till euening, then féede her by little and little till she be sound.

A Medicine for Vermin.

TAke the iuyce of the roote Fennell, and put it where the Vermin be, and they will die, or if you bathe her in a decoction thereof, it is the surer way.

A Medicine for the Rewme that Hawkes haue.

VVHen you sée your Hawke close her eyes, and shake her head, giue her Lard of a Goat the first day, and the second day giue her Epaticke, with the flesh of a Chic­ken, and she shall be whole.

A Medicine for Hawkes that be drie and desire to drinke, to keepe them moyst.

TAke the iuyce of Horehound, and wet the Hawkes meate therein, and féede her therewith once or twice, and she shall be whole.

A Medicine for diseases in the Entrayles.

A Hawke whose intrayles are payned is more then or­dinarily sicke, for if she hold not her meate but cast it, it is a token of a foule glut or surfait of feathers taken in her sore-age, and appeares when she comes to much labour: the signes are, she will haue much desire to rest, and will sléepe when she putteth ouer her meate, and the flesh which she hath in her gorge, if she cast it, lookes as it were sodden: she will many times assay to put ouer her meate but cannot, wherefore if she cast it she may be holpen, if not, she dieth: The cure therefore is to take the yolkes of Egges rawe, when they be well beaten together, put to it Spanish Salt, and as much Honey, and wet therein the Hawkes meate, and féede her therewith thrée dayes toge­ther: and if she make daintie in eating of it, then make her of force to swallow thrée or foure morsels a day, and present­ly she shall be whole. Yet I will tell you another thing: Take Honey at the chaunge of the Moone, and a sharpe Nettle, and make thereof small powder, and when it is well ground, take the breast bone of an Hen, and another of a Culuer, and make it small with a knife, and doe away the skinne, and put powder thereon, and all hot with the powder, féede her thrée daies and she will be whole.

For sicknesse of swelling.

IF a Fellon be swolne in such sort that a man may heale it, then thus a man may helpe her and lengthen her life, but the Hawke will be very eager & grieuous of sick­nesse: therefore you must take the rootes of Comferye and of Suger as much, then séeth it in fresh grease, with the third part of Honey, and then draw it through a faire cloath, and then oft giue it to the Hawke, and she shall be whole.

A Medicine for Blaynes in Hawkes mouthes, called Frounces.

THe Frounce is a fearefull disease, and draweth her to death, and with-holdeth her strength, and it commeth of cold: for cold doth a Hawke much harme. To cure her, take Fennell, Mariall and Kerses alike much, and séeth them, and straine them through a cloath, and somtimes wash her head therwith, and put some on the roofe of her mouth, & she shalbe safe, otherwise for the most surest way to cure any Frounce in generall, for indéed they be no other then common Can­kers in the mouth, ingendred by extreame heats and foule fée­ding: you shal take Allome & bray it into a very fine powder: then mixe it with the strongest wine-Vineger, and make it as thicke as Puddle, then with a fine Cambricke rag dipt therein, rubbe the sore till it bléede, and so continue till the Canker be kild, and that the flesh looke red and cleare, then heale it with a little life-Honey.

A Medicine for an Hawke that casteth her flesh.

SEeth Raysons in water and wet her flesh therein when it boyleth.

A Medicine for the Agrum.

WHen you sée your Hawke haue blobed chéekes, then she hath this disease called Agrum: therefore take a Néedle of Siluer, and heate it in the fire, and burne the Narres throughout, then annoynt it with oyle Oliue.

A Medicine to make a Hawke fat.

TAke a quantitie of Porke and Honey, and Butter a­like much, and clarified grease, take away the Skinne, séeth them together, and annoynt the flesh therewith, and she will encrease excéedingly.

For botches that grow in a Hawkes iaw.

CVt the botches with a Knife, and let out the matter, and clense it with a siluer Spoone, or else fill the hole with the powder of Arne Melit, burned into powder, & vpon the powder doe a little cloath bespred with hot waxe, and so it will away.

A Medicine for an Hawke that will not come to reclayme.

TAke fresh Butter, and put into it Suger, and put it in a cleane cloath, and reclayme her to that, and kéepe it in a boxe, and put it into your bagge.

A Medicine for Hawkes that be refrayned.

VVHen you sée your Hawke to Néese, and to cast water thorow her Nostriles, then doublesse shée is refrayned: for this disease take the graynes of Shaffel­grée, and of Pepper, and grinde it well and temper it with strong Vineger, and put it to the roofe of her mouth, and giue her flesh to eate, and she shall be whole.

A Medicine for Hawkes that haue paynes in their Croppes.

TAke faire Morfumum, and powder of Gilouer, and mingle them together and giue it her to eate, and if shée hold it past the second day after, she shall be whole.

A Medicine for the Stone in the fundament.

VVHen your Hawke cannot mute, then she hath this disease called the Stone: and for this sickenesse you shall take the heart of a Swine, and the grease of a Swine, and cut it with the flesh of the heart, and she shall be whole.

A Medicine for the drie Frounce.

FOr this sicknesse, take the roote of Polipode that grow­eth vpon Okes, and séeth it a great while, then take it from the fire, and let it stand till it be luke-warme, then wash your Hawkes flesh therein thrée times when you féed her, and it will helpe her.

A Medicine for wormes called Anguellis.

TAke pressure of a Lambe that was eyned before his time, and make thereof thrée morsels, and put it into the gut of a Culuer, and féede her therewith, & looke that the Hawke be emptie when you giue her the Medicine, or else take the iuyce of Dragons and fill the gut of a Pigeon, and then cut it as the Hawke may swallow it, and knit his beake for cas­ting it vp againe, and giue her the doussets of a Bucke as hot as they be cut out, and make powder of the pissell, and cast it vpon the flesh, and she shall be whole.

Proper tearmes vsed in keeping of Hawkes.

A Hawke tyreth vpon Rumps, she féedeth vpon all man­ner of flesh, she gorgeth when she filleth her gorge with meate, she beaketh when she wipeth her beake, she rouseth when she shaketh all her feathers, and her body together, she endueth when her meate in her bowels fals to disgestion, she muteth when she auoids her or­dure, she percheth when she standeth on any Bough or Perch, shee Ioyketh when shée sléepes, she puts ouer when she auoids her meat out of her gorge into her pannell, [Page] she pruneth when she fetcheth Oyle with her beake out of her taile, and annoynts her feathers. She plumeth when she pulleth off the feathers of any Fowle, or any thing, and casteth it from her: she warbleth when she draweth her winges ouer the midst of her backe, and softly shaketh them, and letteth them fall againe: she mantelleth when she stretcheth out one wing alone, and afterward the other wing, and most commonly shée doth that before shée warb­leth her.

The names of Sparhawkes, as Ostregers and Speruiters haue determined.

THere is a question asked whether a man shall call a Spere or a Sparhawke, or an Asper Hawke, and Ostregers and Speruiters say, shée may be called all thrée names: for these reasons, she may be called a Sparrehawke, for of all Hawkes that are, she is most spere, that is to say, most ten­der to kéepe: For the least misdieting and euill tending of her, killeth her, and she may be called an Asper Hawke of sharpnes of her courage, and of her looking quicke, and also of her flying. For she is most aspere and sharp in all things that belong vnto her. Of all Hawkes she may be called a Sparehawke, for two reasons: one is, she spareth Gos­hawkes & Tercels vntill the time they be reclaimed to flye, and till they be fully mewed and cleane ensaymed, for all the while they be vnable, the Sparhawke occupieth that season, & flieth the Partrich wall, from Saint Margarets day vntill it be Lammas, and she will sley young Feasants, Hichcokes in the beginning of the yéere: and I haue séene them slay the Teale, the black bird, the Woodcocke and the Thrush, al­though the Woodcocke be combrose to kil: and therfore when you come to a Groue of Trées, or Thicket of Bushes, cast your Sparhawke into the trée and beate the bushes, and at the rising of the Fowle she will be sure to haue her. Fur­ther, if that there were a ship fraught full of Hawkes, if there were but one Sparhawke amongst them, there should [Page] be no Custome paid for any of them, and therefore she is in diuers respects, a Sparhawke.

How a Hawke flyeth.

AN Hawke flyeth to the riuer diuers waies, and she slayeth the fowle diuersly, that is to say, to the vew, or to the beake, or the toll: and all is but one, as ye shall vn­derstand hereafter. She slayeth also to the querre, to the créepe, and no more waies but those thrée, and she nimmeth fowle at the ferre Iute, or at the Iuttie ferre.

Now ye shall know the meaning of these tearmes, Randon, Creepe, Emewed.

YOur Goshawke or Tercell that shall flye to the vew, to the toll, or to the beake: in this manner she must be taught. You must finde a Fowle in the Riuer, or in the Pit, and set your Hawke a good space from you vpon a Molehill, or vpon the ground, and créepe softly to the fowle, and when you come néere where the fowle lieth, looke backe­ward to the Hawke, and with your hand becke your Hawke to come to you, and when she is on wing, and commeth low by the ground, and is almost at you, then smite your Hawke pole and crie hue, hue, hue, and make the fowle rise, and then the Hawke will nime her.

And now, if your Hawke nime the Fowle on the farre side of the riuer, or the pit, from you, then she slaies the Fowle at the ferre Iute, and if she slay it vpon that side ye be on, as it may hap diuers times, then you shall say she hath slaine the Fowle at the Iuttye ferre. If your Hawke slay the Fowle aloft, ye shall say she tooke it at the mount, or at the foure.

And if the Fowle rise not but flye along after the Riuer, and the Hawke nime her, then ye shall say she slew it at ran­don. And if your Hawke flieth at or to the Créep, when you haue your Hawke on your fist, and that you créepe soft­ly to the Riuer or to the Pit, and stealeth to the brinke [Page] thereof, and then cry hue, and then by that meane nime the Fowle, then is she slayne at the Créepe, at the ferre Iutte, or Iuttie ferre: and if it happen, as it doth often, that the Fowle for feare of your Hawke will rise and fall into the riuer againe, or ere the Hawke sée her, and so lye still and dare not arise, then you shall say your Hawke hath enued the Fowle into the Riuer, and there be more Fowles in the Riuer then your Hawke pimmeth, and they dare not arise for feare of your Hawke.

A Theffe.

YOu shall vnderstand that your Goshawke must not flye to the Riuer with belles in no wise: and therefore a Goshawke is called a Theffe.

Querre.

YOur Hawke flyeth to the Querre, when there be in the stumble time, Sardes of Mallards in the field, and when she espieth them and commeth couert her selfe, and flye pri­uely to the hedges or low by the ground, and nime one of them are they rise, then you may say that the Fowle was flame at the Querre. But the generall vse in these dayes of the word Querre, is when you first enter your Hawke: the first Fowle shée slayeth, is slaine at the Querre: and the Hawke that so slayeth, is saide to be Querried, as much as to say, the first séeking out, or finding of the Fowle.

Marke this tearme, Draw.

SOme misuse this tearme Draw, and say that their Hawke will draw to the Riuer: and that tearme draw, is properly assigned to that Hawke that will slay a Rooke, or a Crow, or a Rauen vpon the land sitting: and then it may be said that such an Hawke doth draw well to a Rooke.

If you will make your Hawke to the Querre, you must vse her in this manner.

TAke a tame Mallard and set him in a plaine field, and let him goe where he will, then set your Hawke vpon your sist, and go to that plaine, and hold vp your hand a prety way off from the Mallard, and looke if your Hawke can espie it by her owne courage: and if she haue found the Fowle and desire to flye to it, let her kill it, and plume well vpon it, and serue her so thrée or foure times, and then she is made to the Querre.

I haue knowne Gentlemen that when they haue séene any tame Ducks, that if their Hawkes haue desired to flye at them, they haue let them flye, to the encouraging of them another time, and so haue woone them to the Querre.

A pretie deuice to take a Hawke that is broken out of Mew, and all manner of other Fowles that sit in trees, or that hath taken vp their perch all night in any place.

YOu must in the night doe it. Climbe vp softly, with a Skonce or a Lanterne, and you must haue but one light in your hand, and let the light be towards the Hawke or Fowle, that she sée not your face, and you may take her by the legs or any other place of her as you list. This is approued: for I haue knowne diuers that haue taken ma­ny Fowles after this same manner.

Of the Bels of the Hawkes.

LOoke that the Bels that your Hawke shall weare that they be not too heauie, nor that they be aboue her power to beare, and that they be not one heauier then another, but that they be both of a waight: also looke that they haue a good sound and shrill, and not both of one sound, but that one be of a séemy time aboue the other, and that they be whole and not broken, especially in the sounding place: for if they be any whit broken, they will sound fully.

Of Sparhawkes belles there is diuers choyce, and little [Page] charge of them, for there is plenty of them: and for Gos­hawkes, the bels of Millame were counted the best, and they are very good: for commonly they are founded with Siluer, and therefore they are sold thereafter. There are now vsed of Dutchland bels, made in a towne called Dor­dright, and they are excellent good bels, for they are well sorted, and well sounded, very good in ringing, of Shrilnesse, and passing well lasting.

How to reforme Hawkes that will carry away their Pray.

DIuers Hawkes, partly by being scarred by the indis­créete rashnesse of vnskilfull Faulconers, and partly by being accustomed to pray vpon small birds, will when they haue slaine any thing, carry it away vp into trées or other places, where gorging themselues they will neglect their due obedience to their feeder, which to preuent you shall not at any time let your Hawke féede vpon quicke Birds, vnlesse the creance be fixed thereunto, so that when she would carry she must loose her pray, this will ch [...]cke her, and make her forbeare: Besides you shall not at any time cast her forth any foode, Pigeon, or other, but you shall first tie it fast to a heauy lure, such as she cannot raise from the ground, and if notwithstanding she be still apt to that euill, you shall then make a big round button of leather, and fire it vnder the ball of her foote, in such sort that she cannot by any meanes trusse any thing, and thus you may at your pleasure flie her without any feare of carrying.

Here endeth the Booke of Hawking, and hereafter insueth the names of all manner of Hawkes, and to whom they belong.

THese Hawkes belong to an Emperour, and these be their names: an Egle, a Bautere, a Melion: the simplest of these thrée wil slay a Calfe, a Fawne, a Roe, a Kid, a Trane, a Bustard, a Storke, a Swanne, or a Foxe on the [Page] plaine ground: and these are not in lure, nor reclaimed, be­cause they be so ponderous to the Perch portatif: and these thrée by their nature belongs to an Emperour.

These Hawkes belong to a King.

A Gerfaulcon, a Tercell of a Gerfaulcon, are due to a King.

For a Prince.

THere is a Faulcon gentle, and a Tercel gentle, and these be for a Prince.

For a Duke.

THere is a Faulcon of the Rocke, and that is for a Duke.

For an Earle.

THere is a Faulcon Perigrine, and that is for an Earle.

For a Baron.

THere is a Basterd, and that is for a Baron.

Hawkes for a Knight.

THere is a Sacre and a Sacret, and those be for a Knight.

Hawkes for a Squier.

THere is a Lauer, and a Laueret, & those be for a Squier.

For a Lady.

THere is a Merlion, and that Hawke is for a Ladie.

An Hawke for a young man.

THere is a Hobbie, and that is for a young man.

And these be Hawkes of the Tower, and be both il­lured, and be called and reclaymed.

Of Beastes of Venery there be foure sorts.

THe Hart, the Bore, the Wolfe, and the Hare.

Beastes of Chase there be fiue kindes.

THe Bucke, the Roe, the Martyron, the Foxe and the Doe: and these are the fiue beasts of Chase, and if you chance to finde any other, you shall call them Rascall.

Of the Age of an Hart.

THe first yéere he is a Calfe, the second yéere a Broket, the third yéere a Spayd, the fourth yéere a Stagge, and the fift yéere a great Stagge, and at the sixt yéere he is an Hart.

To know the head of an Hart.

YOu shall call the head of a Hart, Anteler, Riall, and Surriall, and when you may know him by the top, you [Page] shall call him forked a Hart of tenne, and when he beareth thrée in the top, you shall call him a Hart of twelue, and when he beareth foure you shall call him summed, a Hart of sixtéene, and from foure forward you shall call him sum­med of so many as he carieth, how many so euer they be.

Of a Heard, a Beuie, a Sounder, or a Rout.

OF Hart, Hinde, Bucke, and Doe, you shall euer say a heard, of Roes you shall euer tearme a Beuie, of wilde Swine a Sounder, and of Wolues a rout.

Of Heards, and their seuerall kindes.

EYther of red Deare, which onely are Harts or Hindes, or fallow Deare, which are Bucke and Doe, you shall call vpon the view, twentie, a little heard, fortie a middle heard, and eightie a great heard. Now you shall vnder­stand that a Bucke is the first yéere a Fawne, the second a Pricket, the third a Sorrell, the fourth a Sore, at what time he will serue for a warrant, and the fift a Bucke of the first head.

Vpon the view of a Hart, if he be a goodly Deare, you shall not call him fayre, but a great Hart, or a great Hinde, or a great Bucke: But a Doe you shall call a fayre Doe, these are the true tearmes of a perfect wood­man.

Of Roes.

SIxe Roes or vnder is a small Beuie, fenne is a middle Beuie, twelue is a great Beuie, and still the greater the number, the greater is the Beuie.

Of wilde Swine.

TWelue is a small founder of wilde Swine, sixtéene a middle sounder, and twentie a great sounder.

Of Hunting the Roe, and the rights thereunto.

VVHen you shall Hunt the Roe, you shall say, hée crosses, and trauersses before the Hounds, or if you say he doubles, it is not much amisse, although by the lawes of Sir Tristram, it is hardly permitted. You shall not say, this is a great Roe-bucke, but a faire Bucke, and a faire Doe. Dressing or breaking vp of a Roe, is called the Herdling of a Roe, which you shall performe in this sort, you shall lay the head betwéene the two forelegs, then take the two hinder legs, and crossing them, put them, ore the two contrary fore legs, fastning them by the loosening of the for­mer ioynts, onely taking out the bowells and the blood, and cutting off the féete, wherewith you shall reward your Hounds, diuiding each foote into foure péeces with your wood-knife, and putting them amongst the bowels and blood, giue it the Hounds, for this is their reward onely.

Of the Bore, and his rights.

TO speake first, of the age of the wild Bore, he is cal­led the first yéere a Pigge of the Sounder, the second yéere he is a Hogge, the third yéere, a Hog-stere, the fourth, a Bore, for then (if not before) he departeth from the Sounder, and then he is called a singler. Now, when you haue slaine the Bore, you shall vndoe him, first: taking off the skinne, and in dressing him orderly diuide the flesh into two and thirtie bredthes, as it is termed amongst wood­men. If he be slaine by the strength of the Hounds, you shall giue them the bowells vpon the ground in the same place where he was killed, which also is called a reward.

Of the Hare, and her rights.

THe Hare is the King of all the beasts of venerie, and in Hunting maketh the best sport, bréedeth the most de­light of any other, and is a beast most strange by nature, for he often changeth his kinde, and is both male and female: [Page] and this is a strange thing in the female, and onely peculiar to this beast of all other: after she hath taken the Bucke, and commeth to kindle, she bringeth forth two Leuerits, rough, and in perfect shape, and retaineth two other in her still, which she bringeth forth before the two first be well a­ble to reléeue, and she is knotted for her third Leuerit, and all this at one time. We tearme the place where she fitteth, her Forme, the place through which she goeth to releefe, her Muset, and when we find where she hath gone, we call it the pricking out of the Hare, except it be in the Snow, and then we call it the trayning out of the Hare: her deceits, and shifts, before the Hounds, we call her doubling, and her fée­ding, we call her reléefe. The Hare beareth sewet, & grease, she fimasheth, crottises, and ranges, although amongst the Huntsmen of these latter times, these tearmes be worne out of vse, onely we say she crottisses. When the Hare is gone to her Forme, we say euer she is gone to her seate, and we say the Hare sitteth, whereas, speaking of other beasts, we say they lie, & the reason is, because she euer buck­leth vpon her leggs, as though Nature had taught her to haue her féete euer in readinesse, being of all other beasts the most watchfull: and she naturally desireth to runne vp the hill, because her leggs be shorter before then behind, and the sewet, or grease, which she beareth, lieth ouer the loynes, betwéene the chine and the taile, yet we doe not say the Hare is fat, but the Hare is white.

Now if you goe about to Hunt this nimble and delicate chace, you shall when you come to the kennell (in the mor­ning) to couple vp your Hounds, first gibell once, or twice, to awake & stir vp the dogs, then opening the kennell dore, the Huntsman shall vse some gentill words of ratling, least in their hast comming out, they should hurt one a­nother, to which the Frenchman vseth this word Arere, Arere, or as we say in English, soft, soft, ho, ho, ho, ho, once or twice redoubling the same, coupling them as they come out of the kennell: and being come into the field, and hauing [Page] vncoupled, the Frenchman vseth to say, Hors de coople auaunt, auaunt, once or twice, with So-how thrée times together. We vse to gibet once or twice to the doggs, cri­ing a trayle, a trayle, there doggs there: and if it be in a Bushie place, to beate the Bushes with your Hunting-Pole, and crie, Hup wat, hup, which makes the doggs in trailing to hold close together, crying often So-how. And if the Hounds haue had rest, and being ouer-lustie, doe be­gin to fling about, the Frenchmen vse to cry, Sweft a­mies, Sweft, redoubling the same, or else, Arere amies, ho ho, and we in English vse to the same purpose, Soft ho, ho, here againe ho, ho, doubling the same: sometimes cal­ling them backe againe, with a gibet or hallow, pointing with your Hunting-pole vpon the ground, and crying So-how.

Now, if some one of the Hounds, light vpon a pure sent, so that by the manner of his eager spending, you per­ceiue it is very good, you shall cry There, now there, or thats it, thats it, and to put the rest of the cry into him, you shall cry Auaunt auaunt, ho, list a Talbot, list there, list, to which the Frenchman vseth Oles, a Talbot, le Vailant oies, oies troue le coward, in the same manner with little difference: and if you finde by your Hounds where a Hare hath béene at reliefe, if it be in the time of gréene Corne, and if your Hounds spend vpon the traile merily, and make a good cry, then shall the Huntsman wind thrée motes with his Horne, which he may sundry times vse with discretion, when he sée­eth the Hounds haue made away, a double, and make on towards the seate. Now, if it be within some field or pa­sture, where the Hare hath béene at reliefe, let the Hunts­man cast a ring with his Hounds to finde where she hath gone out, which if the Hounds light vpon, he shall cry, There boyes there, that, tat, tat, hoe, heck auaunt, list to him list, and if they chance by their bramesicknesse to ouer shoote it, he shall call to his Hounds, ho, againe ho, doubling the same twice, and if vndertaking it againe and making it [Page] good, he shall then cheare his hounds and say, There to him, there, that's it, that tat tat, blowing a Mote. And note that this word so how, is generally vsed at the view of any beast of Chase or Venery, but indéed the word is properly, sa ho, and not so how, but for the better pronunciation and fulnesse of the same, we say so how, not sa ho. Now the hounds running in full Chase, the French-men vse to say ho ho, or Swef, alieu, doute alieu, and we imitating them, say, there boys, there, auant there, to him there, which tearmes are indéed deriued from their language. Now we finde the old & ancient huntsmen had diuers tearmes vpon the view of the pricking of the Hare, which although I finde not very néedfull yet for the Loue I beare vnto antiquity, I will not omit, as when the Hare hath gone ouer some grassie place where her pricks cannot be séene but onely by stayning the grasse, or by breaking some loose mould, we say she sorths or resorths, but these tearmes I will leaue to the indifferent opinion of the skilfull huntsman.

Now the reason why they say the Hare fumaces and crots or crottises is this, we say the Hare fumayes, because she beareth sewet, and she crottiseth because she beareth grease, and because she croucheth on the houghs when she letteth it goe: So that we say all beasts which beare tallow, & stand vpright fumayne as they go, all that crouch or stoope do not.

The Hounds reward from the Hare.

WHen your hounds by fierce & good hunting haue kild the Hare, you shall reward them with the shoulders and the sides, with the head and all the intrails, excepting on­ly the gall (for it is precious and medicinal) which reward be­ing delt them is called the Hallow of all good huntsmen. But the hinder loynes being excellent meate, and if the dressing be answerable, as daintie venison as any can be, it shall be necessary to preserue them, and beare them home for your owne reward. Now there is another beast which goeth to reléefe as well as the Hare, which is a thing of especiall good [Page] note amongst all good huntsmen, and that is the Stag, who from the Annunciation of our Lady, till Saint Peters day, is euer said to goe to reléefe as well as the Hare.

Of flaying and stripping of Beastes.

WHen beasts are slaine, which shall be flayed, and which stript, according to their natures and kinds: know that all which beare sewet, and raunge, according to the old En­glish tearmes, shall be said to be flayed, the Hare onely excep­ted, which shall be said onely to be stripped, or cased, and so of the Otter or Badger, and generally so all beasts that goe to reléefe.

More of the Roe, and his rights.

THe Roebuck is the first yéere a Kid, sucking on his Dam, the second yéere he is called a Gerle, the third yéere a He­male, the fourth yéere a Roe-bucke of the first head, the fift yéere a Roe-bucke: he vseth to cast his hornes at S. Andrews tide, & his nature is to hide them in some Moore, or in some Marsh ground, so that they are very seldome found, at Saint Iames tide he euer goeth to the Roe, which when he doth, we say he goeth in his turne. Now if you kill a Roe-buck which is high in grease, you shall dresse the venison of it as of a Hart or a Hinde: we vse to say in rutting time that a Stag Bellowes, a Bucke groynes, and a Roe-bucke Kels, which they vse in the time of their rut, and we vse to say the Foxe and the Wolfe doe barke and houle.

The season of all sorts of Venerie.

THe time of grease beginneth at Midsommer day, and continueth till Holy-rood day, and then is the Stag, Bucke, and Sore in season.

The season of the Roe-buck is from Easter til Michaelmas.

The season of the Foxe is from the Natiuitie till the An­nunciation of our Ladie.

The season of the Doe or Roe, is from Michaelmas till Candlemas.

The season of the Hare is from Michaelmas til Midsomer.

The season of the Wolfe is as the season of the Foxe.

The season of the Bore is from the Natiuitie till the Pu­rification of our Ladie.

Now in the hunting of the Hart or Stag, being of all the most princely & royall chase, it giueth an excéeding grace vnto a huntsman to vse the tearmes fit and proper vnto the same, which I wil here set down as receiued from antiquity.

First when we sée where the Hart hath gone, we vse to say, here he breaketh, or here appeareth his slott, and when the Hart entreth a Riuer or Poole (which we call the soyle) we say he descendeth, and when we find where he lept into the Riuer, we say he profereth, because we are vncertaine whether he goeth out at some other place, or returneth the same way againe. And if he turne the same way againe, we say he Reprofereth & when we find where he hath come out of the other side of the riuer we call it the soyle, and being come out of the water, which filles his footsteps, we call it defoulling.

How you shall vndoe, or breake-vp a Hart.

AFter the fall of the Hart or Stag, and that the hunts­men are come in together, and haue winded the death of the Hart, you shal lay him vpright vpon his hornes which is called suing of the Hart, then let the best man in the com­pany, or some personage of account take the assay before the assembly, which done, then first cut off the cods, then be­gin at the Iawes, and slit him downe to the assay, and so directly downe to the cods: which being done, begin first to slit the left leg before, and next the left leg behinde, which you must not forget in any hand before you goe to the right side, which you must performe next in the same manner: the which being done, begin at the chéeke on the left side, from which directly take off the skinne downe to the breast, and so downe to the assay, and to the place of the end: then begin at the other side, and doe the same in like manner, but cut not the tayle of the beast (which we call the single) away in any hand, but cutting off the skin let it remayne to the hanches, [Page] then spreading the skin abroad, let the bodie be laid vpon the same, very open, and begin first to make the Arbor, which is the conduit which leadeth vnto the stomacke, guts and bag, and must be made fast and close by a round knot, then cut out the shoulders, which must be done with a very long broad poynted knife, wherein you must obserue to kéepe the outside of the inner skin whole, and lay it close to the side: then open the belly, and take out the sewet: which is most excellent and needfull for Surgions, then putting in your hand vnder the breast bone, pul downe the Arbor, & turning out the panch, take away the rate, filling it with the bloud & sewet, hauing a néedle, and a thread ready to sow it vp with: then searching into the small guts, take out the maw, and next the liuer, lay­ing them vpon the skin, next after these take out the bladder, then going to the vmbles, first loosen the aduancers which do leane to the necke, and taking the throat or wessand, loosen the fillets very circumspectly, which fals to the vmbles, and must be gathered and stripped vpon the wessand with the same, with the naues & sewet, and the flesh along the midriff from both the sides, and so like a huntsman make vp the vm­bles with all these together, only kéepe the lights vpon the skin: This being done, slit the skin wherin the Hart is infol­ded, & take away the haires which grow about the same, and in caruing the Hart you shal find a bone therein, which hath the vertue to cure the malady called the passion of the heart, then cutting away the loose skirts, fil them with bloud to saue the melting of the grease: then cut away the necke from both the sides, & take the head away from the neck, taking out the tongue & the braine, laying them with the lights, the small guts, and the bloud vpon the skinne, to reward the hounds, which is called the Querrie. The left shoulder of the Hart is, his fée which dresseth him, and so is the skin and the right shoulder the Forresters fée.

The names of the seuerall parts which make vp the vmbles of a Deare.

THat part of the vmbles which cleaue vnto the throat­bole is called the aduancers, and the hindermost part of [Page] the vmbles be called the Forchers, the other are called the crookes of the vmbles: Now in the Hart the chiefe part and substance is called the Gargilon, and the other parts are cal­led the crookes and rundell.

The vndoing or dressing of the wild Bore.

AS hath béene before said, you shall make two and thirty breadths of a wilde Bore. The first is the head, the next to that is the coller, which is the best of the Swine, then two shields, and the two shoulders, and diuide each side of the swine into thrée parts, the pestell and the gam­bones, accounting a two, then the two fillets, the legs & the féet diuided into eight parts, diuiding the chine into foure sundry péeces, then put the grease of the Bore into his blad­der and preserue the same as a thing passing medicinable.

Of the Vantlay, the Lay, and Relay, with Forloyning, and such like tearmes.

THis is properly called a Vauntlay in hunting, when the hounds are in the chase of a Hart, and that you ey­ther doubt their spéed, or finde them farre cast behinde, you doe vncouple fresh hounds, and hallowing them in to the Déere, force him to more spéed then before, which may be a meanes to cast off the other hounds which be behinde. Now a Lay is this, when the Hart is in full chase, you lying néere to some couert, doe there shake off some fresh hounds in­to the crie, to supply and make it the stronger, if some ouer­haled Dogs should happen to sinke in the latter end of the chase. A Relay, is when you shal vncouple some fresh hounds and cheare them, when as the rest of the Dogs be alreadie gone away with the Hart, and almost out of the hearing of the crie, and this is called a Relay: Now for forloyning, it is, when you finde any chase within some couert, and some mute or light running hounds fall in with the same, being stolne out of the couert: this is of huntsmen called For­loyning, for they driue the chase so fast on before, that the huntsmen cannot lay the rest of the crie in with the same.

Of the Hornes of a Bucke.

THée Hornes of euery fallow Déere must bée sum­med: or euer hée be a Bucke hée must haue two pal­med Branches, and foure and twentie Espelers, which when he hath, you may very well tearme him a very great Bucke: and this we sée in common experience, that oft in Hunting of the Hare, or the Bucke: the Hounds to­wards the fall of the chase, hold together, and come strong­ly, the reason being thréefold which maketh them continue, and incourageth them much: the first is, that when the Hart, or Bucke, beginneth to be imbosted, he casteth out of his mouth a froth, which is wonderfull swéete to the Hounds, which he leaueth vpon the hearbs and Bushes: the second is, when he sweateth, the sweate runneth downe from his body to his cleys, which the Hounds finding, know well he sincketh: the third is, that by reason of his wearinesse, and toyle, the sewet is very strong, and hot, and easily entereth the noses of the doggs, which meruay­lously encourageth them to his death.

Beasts of the Chase of sweete foote and of stincking.

ANd those are the Bucke, the Doe, the Beare, the Rayndéere, the Eylke, the Spikerd, the Ottor, and the Martron.

There be beastes of the Chase, of the stincking foote: the Roe-bucke, and the Roe, the Fulmard, the Iches, the Baude, the Gray, the Foxe, the Squirrell, the white Rat, the Sotte, and the Polcat.

The names of diuers Hounds.

FIrst there is a Greyhound, a Hound, and a Spanyel, a Bastard, a Mungrell, a Mastiffe, a Lemor, Raches, Ke­nets, Terrours, Butchers Hounds, Dunghill doggs, Trindle tailes, and prick-eared Curres, and small Ladie [Page] Puppies, that beare away the fleas and diuers small faults.

The properties of a good Greyhound.

HEaded like a Snake, necked like a Drake, footed like a Cat, tayled like a Rat, sided like a Breame, and backt like a Beame: The first yéere he learneth to féede, the second yéere to field him leade, the third he is fellow like, the fourth yéere none sike, the fift yéere good enough, the sixt yéere he shall hold the Plough, the seauenth yéere he will auaile great Bitches to assaile, the eight yéere licke ladle, the ninth yéere cart saddle: and when he is come to that yéere, haue him to the Tanner:

For the best Greyhound that euer you had,

At the ninth yéere he is full bad.

The proper tearmes and names of companies of Beastes and Fowles, with others.

• AN heard of Hares.
• An heard of all manner of Déere.
• An heard of Swannes.
• An heard of Craines.
• An heard of Curlewes.
• An heard of Wrenes.
• An heard of Harlots.
• Any of Fesants.
• A Beuie of Ladies.
• A cete of Greyes.
• A Berry of Conies.
• A Riches of Matrons.
• A Besenes of Firets.
• A brace of Greyhounds .ij.
• A lease of Greyhounds .iij.
• A couple of Spaniels.
• A couple of running Hounds.
• A litter of Whelps.
• A Kindle of young Cats.
• A Beuy of Roes.
• A Beuy of Quailes.
• A siege of Herons.
• A siege of Bytours.
• A sore or a suce of Mallards.
• A muster of Peacockes.
• A walke of Snites.
• A congregation of people.
• An exalting of Larkes.
• A watch of Nightingales.
• An host of men.
• A fellowship of Yeomen.
• A cherme of Goldfinches.
• A cast of bread.
• A couple or payre of Bottles.
• A flight of Doues.
• [Page]An vnkindnes of Rauens.
• A clattering of Choughes.
• A dissimulation of Birds.
• A route of Knights.
• A pride of Lyons.
• A slouth of Beares.
• A draught of Butlers.
• A proud shewing of Taylors.
• A temperance of Cookes.
• A stalke of Fosters.
• A hoste of Souldiours.
• A laughter of Ostlers.
• A glosing of Tauerners.
• A malepertnes of Pedlers.
• A thraue of Thresshers.
• A squat of Dawbers.
• A fighting of Beggers.
• A singuler of Bores.
• A drift of tame Swine.
• A harrase of Horse.
• A ragge of colthor or a rake.
• A Baren of Mules.
• A trip of Gotes.
• A gaggle of Géese.
• A broode of Hens.
• A badling of Duckes.
• A nonpatients of wiues.
• A state of Princes.
• A thought of Barons.
• A prudence of Vicaries.
• A superfluitie of Nunnes.
• A schoole of Clarkes.
• A doctrine of Doctors.
• A conuerting of Preachers.
• A sentence of Iudges.
• A damning of Iurours.
• An obeisance of seruants.
• A seate of Vshers.
• A tygenes of Pyes.
• A host of Sparrowes.
• A swarme of Bées.
• A cast of Hawkes of the To­wer, two.
• A lease of the same Hawkes.
• A flight of Goshawkes.
• A flight of Swallowes.
• A bilding of Rookes.
• A murmuration of Stares.
• A route of Wolues.
• An vntruth of Sumners.
• A melodie of Harpers.
• A pouertie of Pipers.
• A subtiltie of Serieants.
• A tabernacle of Bakers.
• A drift of Fishers.
• A disguising of Taylers.
• A bleach of Souters.
• A smere of Curriours.
• A cluster of Grapes.
• A Cluster of Churles.
• A ragge of Maydens.
• A raufull of Knaues.
• A blush of Boyes.
• An vncredibilitie of Cokolds.
• A couie of Partriches.
• A spring of Teles.
• A desart of Lapwings.
• A fall of Woodcockes.
• A congregation of Plouers.
• A couert of Cotes.
• A dule of Turtles.
• A scull of Friers.
• [Page]Abhominable sight of Monks
• A scale of Fish.
• An example of Marters.
• An obseruance of Hermites.
• An eloquence of Lawyers.
• A faith of Marchants.
• A prouision of Stewardes of houses.
• A kerfe of Panters.
• A credence of Sewers.
• A leap of Lybards.
• A shrewdnes of Apes.
• A sculke of Foxes.
• A nest of Rabites.
• A labor of Moles.
• A mute of Hounds.
• A kenell of Raches.
• A sute of Lyam.
• A cowardnes of Curres.
• A sourd of wild Swine.
• A stod of Mares.
• A pace of Asses.
• A droue of Nete.
• A flocke of Shéepe.
• A gaggle of women.
• A péepe of Chickens.
• A multiply of Husbands.
• A pontifica of Prelates.
• A dignitie of Chanons.
• A charge of Curates.
• A discretion of Priestes.
• A disworship of Scots.

Here followeth the proper tearmes belonging to the brea­king vp or dressing of diuers kinds of Beasts, and Fowles, and Fishes.

• A Déere broken.
• A Goose reared.
• An embruing of Caruers.
• A safegard of Porters.
• A blast of Hunters.
• A threatning of Courteours.
• A promise of Tapsters.
• A lying of Pardoners.
• A misbeléeue of Painters.
• A lash of Carters.
• A scolding of Gamesters.
• A wondring of Tinckers.
• A waywardnesse of Hawards
• A worship of Writers.
• A neuer thriuing of Iuglers.
• A fraunch of Myllers.
• A feast of Brewars.
• A goring of Butchers.
• A trinket of Coruisers.
• A plucke of Shooturners.
• A dronken ship of Coblers.
• A cluster of Nuttes.
• A roge of teeth.
• A rascall of Boyes.
• An Egge tyred.
• A Frier trimbred.

Of Fishes.

• A Salmon chined.
• A Pike splated.
• [Page]A Hadocke sided.
• A Cheuin finned.
• A Sole loyned.
• A Gurnard chined.
• A Tench sawsed.
• An Ele trouchened.
• A Breame splayd.
• A Barble tusked.
• A Trout gobbetted.
• A Pigge headed and sided.
• A Capon sawsed.
• A Cheuin frushed.
• A Conie vnlased.
• A Craine displayed.
• A Curlew v [...]ioynted.
• A Fesant alete.
• A Quaile winged.
• A Plouer [...]uinsed.
• A Pigion thied.
• A Brawne leched.
• A Swanne lift.
• A Lambe shouldered.
• A Kid shouldered.
• A Hen spoyled.
• A Mallard vnbrased.
• A Heron dismembred.
• A Peacocke disfigured.
• A Butter vntached.
• A Partrich alet.
• A Rayle breasted.
• A Woodcocke thied.

You shall say thus.

• A Hart harboreth.
• A Quire loggeth.
• A Tyman beddeth.
• Shouldring or leauing.
• A Woodcock breaking.
• A Bucke lodgeth.
• A Roe bedeth.
• An Hare in his forme.
• A Conie sitting.

The true and perfect measure of Blowing

FIrst when you goe into the field, blow with one winde one short, one long, and a longer.

To blow to the coupling of the Hounds at the Kennell doore, blow with one, one long and thrée short.

The second winde, one long, one short, and a shorter.

To blow to the field.

BLow with two windes: with the first one short, one long, and two short.

With the second winde, one short, one long, and a longer.

To blow in the field.

VVIth two windes, the first two short, one long and two short.

The second, one short, one long and a longer.

To vncouple thy Hounds in the Field: thrée long notes, and with thrée windes.

To blow to seeke

TWo Windes: The first a long and a short, the second a long.

When the Hounds hunt after a game vn­knowne, blow thus.

BLow the Veline, one long, and sixe short: the second winde, two short and one long: the third winde, one long and two short.

To draw from Couert to Couert.

THrée windes, two short, one long, and two short. The second, one long and a short. The third, one long.

To blow the earthing of the Foxe when he is couerable.

FOure notes with foure windes. The releife, one long, sixe short.

To blow if the Foxe be not couerable.

TWo windes, one long and thrée short. The second winde long.

To blow the death of the Foxe in field or couert.

THrée notes, with thrée windes, the rechate vpon the same with thrée windes.

THe first winde, one long and sixe short. The second, one short and one long. The third, one long and fiue short.

The death of the Foxe at thy Lords gate.

TWo notes, and then the reliefe thrée times.

The death of the Bucke, eyther with Bow or Hounds, or Grey-hounds.

ONe long Note.

The knowledge vpon the same.

TWo-short and one long.

The death of the Bucke with Hounds.

TWo long notes, and the rechate.

The price of an Hart ryall.

NIne Notes with thrée restes. The Rechate with thrée winds. The first, one long and fiue short. The second, one long and one short. The third, one long and sixe short.

To blow the call of the keepers of any Parke or Forrest.

ONe short, one long, and a longer. If the kéeper an­swere you, blow two short with one winde, and draw towards him. And after that blow one short.

When the game breaketh couered.

FOure with thrée winds, and the Rechate vpon the same.

The stent when the hounds can hunt no further.

With thrée winds, the first, one long and sixe short. The second, one long and one short. The third, one long.

Where the Foxe is earthed blow for the Terriers after this manner.

ONe long and two short. The second winde one long and two short.

Note this, for it is the chiefest and principallest point to be noted.

Euery long containeth in blowing seauen quauers, one Minome, and one quauer.

One Minome contayneth foure quauers.

One short contayneth thrée quauers.

How to make Bird-lime very pure.

FIrst pill the barke from the Holly-trée about Midsomer, then boyle the same barke, till the vtter rinde will pill from the gréene barke, which will be within one day, then lay the same inner barke so pilled in some close place on the ground, and couer the same with some gréene wéeds or docks till it be well rotten, which will be within nine daies or there about, then eyther beate it in morters, or grinde it very small, and then in some quicke streame wash it very cleane: then put it in a pot of earth, and it will spurge within [Page] thrée dayes, then take off the scumme twise or thrise, for if there be any filth left in it, it would rot the Lime. After this keepe the Lime very close till you haue néede to occu­pie it, mingle a little Hogs grease with it, and so may you worke your Rods with it. Therefore as it is mentioned of of the Poet, the Wosell or Robin is a great cherisher of the Holly-trée, as Terence saith, Turdus cacat sibi malum, he maketh a Rod for his owne tayle, for the doung of the Wo­sell cherisheth much the Holly-trée, which afterwards turnes to his owne sorrow.

A rare secret to catch Fowle, as Geese, Duckes, or Birds.

NVxe vomica, otherwaies called in English the Spring Nut, being a pretie deale of that sod in a pecke of Bar­ly, or as little as you thinke good, or Fetchis, or Wheat, and being strowed where wilde Géese, or wilde Duckes come, and as soone as they eate of this, they will sound, and you may take them with your hand. Also the powder of Nuxe vomica is good to kill Kites, Rauens, Pyes, Crowes, or any other carronous fowle. Also take a péece of flesh and lay it in the field, and make holes in it, then put in the powder of Nuxe vomica in euery hole, and so soone as any fowle eates of this, they will be ouercome, and then they will flie, boult vpright, and fall downe to the ground straight againe, and so you may take them.

Another pretie way to make Birds drunke that you may take them with your Hand.

TAke Wheat or Fetches, or any other séede, and lay the same in stéepe in lées of wine, or in the iuyce of Hem­locke, and straw the same in the place where Birds vse to haunt, and if they eat thereof, straightwaies they will be so giddie that you may take them with your hand.

An excellent way to make a baite to catch wilde Geese, and wilde Duckes, and all other sorts of Fowle.

TAke the séede of Belenge, and the rootes also, and stéepe them in water the space of a day and a night: then séeth the said séeds and roots in the water that they were stéeped in, so that the séeds may well drinke and soke vp the water, then lay the said séeds or graine in the places where wilde Duckes and wilde Géese are wont to resort, and they will eate this graine or séede so prepared, and thereupon will sléepe as they were drunke, and in the meane time you may take them with your hands: but there must be a pretie quan­titie of this, especially for wilde Géese. This may also serue to take all other manner of Fowle that goe together in sholes or companies. If you séeth this graine in Brimstone, and lay it in the places where Birds and Fowles are wont to féede, and all that eate of it will fall downe and die: but to kéepe them that they die not, you must giue them to drinke Oyle Oliue, and shortly after they will reuiue againe. This is approued.

Of fowling with Lime-bush.

TO speake of Lime-bush there can be but little said, for it is commonly knowne and practised of all both in Winter and Sommer. In Winter it is vsed with Lime-bush, which we call Bat-fowling, along by hedges to catch those Birds that rest in hedges, one to carrie a light and another to beat the hedge: as also the Lime-bush is vsed at house ends, Houels or Ricks: the Lime-bush is of little cost, and is good for all times of the yéere. In Sommer you may call Spar­rowes with a whistle to your bush. There is another pre­tie way to catch Birds with your Lime-bush, if you can get but an Owle and set her vpon an hedge, and set a bush or two of one side of her, and when the Birds espie her they will flutter about her, and you shall catch good store of Birds. In Winter you haue many other waies good.

How to fowle with Nets.

THere is another more certaine, and more plentifull manner of fowling, which is nothing at all paineful or vnwholesome, the pleasure & neatnesse being compared with the labour, and that is to fowle with Nets, of which there be diuers and sundry kindes: of which I count the Day-net to be the most principall, both because the vse is neate, gen­tlemanly, and mixt with a moderate exercise, such as kéepeth the bodie warme without excesse of heate, & quickneth both the eye and vnderstanding with a sharpenesse and vigilancy to obserue the aduantages and motions which beguile the poore innocent Birds, these Nets likewise are most in vse from the latter end of August, at what time the corne is car­ried away, till Christmas, and the time of the day is from the first appearance of the Sunne till his declination: for you shall vnderstand that the daies which are scouling, win­die, rainie or mistie are in no wise for this exercise. To speake of the shape of these Nets, they must be two distinct and seuerall Nets of one length, breadth, and widenesse of mash, the length would be about foure fadome, and the breadth a fadome & somewhat better, the mash would be inch and a halfe compasse, and the substance thereof the best and strongest browne-thréed which can be made, looke how broad your Nets are so long at the full you must haue foure poales, which with a strong round cord that runnes all the length of your Nets you must fasten at both ends of your Nets very strongly and stifly, which being done, you shall sée your Nets carry out their true proportion, in the full shape and manner as they were knit, rising and falling as if they were of one substance, which done, you shall lay them on the ground if it be leuell & smooth, so as they may ioyne edge to edge & no more, and that when you will cast them open they may rise like a gate with two leaues or doores, and fall each [...]om other iust their owne quantities, lying vpon the ground flat, smooth, close, and as it were vnperceiued, but if you [Page] shall lay them in the corne fields vpon lands, then you shall lay them so as they may eyther fall close together in the fur­row, or else vpon the top of the land ridge, and when they open or deuide that they may lie flat and close eyther to the ridge or to the furrow, according to the aduantage of the ground. When you haue carefully ordred this, and laid your Nets in such sort as you would haue them lie when they are drawne inward, then you shall stake fast downe to the earth with foure little stakes, the foure outmost corners of your two Nets, so that the Nets may rise vpon those stakes, to open and shut as vpon so many payre of hinges. This done, you shall lay the Nets open one from another, so that those corners which was inmost may be outmost, and from the two farthermost corners which shall bee from you, haue two lines of strong round cord of two fadom and a halfe in length a péece, and ioyning both the ends to­gether, stake them downe straight & fast at their vttermost length as neare as you can gesse with your eye in the midst betwéene your two Nets, which done, you must haue two other cords of the same length at the other ends of the Net next vnto you, and ioyne those ends likewise together with a knot or loope but by no meanes stake them downe, but let them remaine loose, then to the knot or loope you shal fasten a single cord of twenty yards in length, and your selfe going to the vttermost end therof sit you downe vpon a little low hassocke or stoole made of straw or flags, not aboue a foot hie, (which you must haue prouided for the purpose, to kéepe you from the cold earth) and being so set, with all your strength pull the single cord vnto you, and you shall sée the two Nets arise, and fall inward one to another so close that they will ioyne and kisse together, thus when you sée they doe yarely, nimbly, and at ease, you shall then arise and throw them open againe, & then taking a liue Larke, or Bird, but the Larke is the best, which we cal the Stale, & fixing her fast to a long stick mortessed in a stake, which you must fasten in the ground, yet so as the sticke may moue vp & downe, and at euery motion [Page] the Larke may flutter with her winges. This Stale you shall place in the middest betwéene your Nets, and hauing a long string fastned to the stale, which may reach to your owne seate: you shall lay it by you, and euer and anone with one of your hands pull it vp and downe to make the Larke flutter: which done, you shall haue a long Pole, hung about with shittle-cocks of feathers, which you shall place within thirtie or fortie paces of your Nets, so directly in the mouth of the Winde, that they may wherle and turne about with a ceaslesse motion: this will gather about you abundance of Larkes, and all sorts of Birds: which being perceiued, you shall goe to your seate, and when you sée any Larkes, or other Birds stoope or play about your Nets, or but come flying ouer your Nets, close-by the ground, you shall pull your line, and all within the compasse of your Net is your owne, so you pull quickly and surely: then must you runne and take them out, and cast your Nets open againe: and thus if the weather be sea­sonable, you shall haue sport at your pleasure: for I haue séene seauentéene, and eightéene dozen of Larkes taken in this manner in one morning. These Nets are most pro­per for the taking of Larkes, and other small Birds, the Merlyn and the Hobby.

There is another Stale belonging to these Day-nets, which is very proper and excellent, chiefly at the latter end of the yéere, when Birds are least apt to play: and that is a thrée-square péece of wood, a foote in length, and three inches each square: it must be painted red, and be all in­laid with square or round péeces of looking-glasse, it must haue a foote in the midst, which must goe into a wide socket of wood, made in a strong stake, which must be stricken into the earth, then to the foote must be fastned a packthread, which being wounde many times about the foote, and issuing through a little hole of the Stake, must come to your seate, so that when you pull it, the wood will turne so round, that it will giue a strange reflection, and [Page] so continuing the turning, it will intice the Birds to play wonderfully: the place where you shall set it, shall be by the stale your Larke, so that you may vse one string after another.

Of taking Plouers with Nets.

IT is the nature of the Plouer, especially the gray, which is euer the best, and most daintiest, to flye together in shoales or companies, and for the most part they wil after féeding, haunt one place. The Nets wherewith you shall take them differ nothing at all from the Day-nets, eyther in shape or manner of laying, onely they must in quanti­tie be full as bigge againe euery way as the Day-nets are: therefore when you haue found the morning or euening haunt of Plouers, you shall lay your Nets in the selfe same manner as I shewed you for the laying of the Day-nets, and as your Nets are larger, so your distance from your Nets, must be bigge and longer, and your selfe must lie closer, for if you can indure it, it is best to lie flat on your back, with your hands on your lines betwéene your legs: your stale must be a quicke Plouer. The houre for the laying of your Nets, is a little before day, in the morning, and a litle before the day be gone, in the euening: for the flight of Plouers, is at the spring of day, and at the closing vp of the day, when you may onely sée and no more. I haue séene at one pull a dozen, and sometimes two dozen taken, they come so close and thicke together. As for the gréene Plouer, he is easie to be taken, either with Limetwigs, or any o­ther ginnes, as hath béene formerly shewed vnto you.

How to fowle with other Nets.

ALso there is another manner of way to fowle which is with Nets, but the vse of them is in the night, and the darkest night the better: and first of Fowling with Nets, which we call in England most commonly Bird bat­ting, and some call it lowbelling, and the vse of it is to goe [Page] with a great light of Cressets, or ragges of linnen dipt in Tallow that will make a good light, and you must haue a panne of plate, made like a Lanterne, to carrie your light in, which must haue a great socket to hold a great light, and carrie it before you on your brest, with a Bell in your other hand of a great bignesse, made in manner like to a Cowbell, but of greater bignes, and you must ring it alwayes after one order, with two to goe with Nets one of each side of him that carries the Bell, and what with the light that so doth amase them, and the Bell that so doth astonish them, they will, when you come néere them, turne vp their white bel­lies, which you shall quickely perceiue, then lay your Nets on them and take them: but the Bell must not stint going: for if it cease, then the Birds will flye vp if there be any more nigh. This is a good way to catch Larkes, Wood­cockes, and Partriches, and all other land-Birds.

To goe with a Trammill.

TO goe a trameling with a Net it is a good way, for two may goe a broad with a Trammill and catch store. You must haue your Net seauen yards of length, and fiue in breadth: then take a couple of Poles or long rods, so long as your Net is, and tye your Poles to your Nets all a­long the length of your Nets, one of one side, and the o­ther of the other side, then may you take your Pole in your hand, and plucke out your Pole out of bredth, and one goe in one thorow of the land and another in the other thorow, and goe along in lands, and carry your Net as farre for­wards as you can, and when they heare you tread, then will they flutter vp into your Net, which you shall quickely heare, then let downe your Net to the ground, and gripe them, and take them from vnder your Net: but if it be in a very darke night, that you cannot sée them, you should haue a little close Lanterne, that one may perceiue no light, but when it is opened to sée to take them, but we com­monly make shift without.

To set Springes.

ALso some vse to set Springes, which is made with a running knot, and a sticke in the ground to yerke vp with another sticke which the Fowle must tread on, which is in manner like to a trap or running knot which is made of haires, which is good to be set in frost time, in springs, for Woodcockes and Snipes, or any other Fowle if they come where that springes be set, or you may set them in Lands in the very thorow for Woodcocks, where you know that they haunt, and in Summer you may set them in bushes eyther for Woodcocks or any other Birds, and you must looke that the sticke that they tread on be somewhat round and browne, for if it be white, they will feare to tread on it: and your nouse must be made of horse haire, and the blacker the better.

The vse of the draught Net.

THe draught Net of all other is the largest, for it is for Riuers, Ponds or large Waters: some are of thirty fadomes, some twentie, some fiftéene, and some tenne: it is [Page] made of the strongest packthread, with a very small and nar­row mash, in the midst it draweth strayter and strayter downe, like a pursse of a fadome and a halfe long, and ga­thered together excéeding close in the last end, at which must be fastned some heauy stone or other poysse, which may make it sinke to the bottome: it must be in breadths a fadome and a halfe or better, which is the depth of any or­dinary Pond or Riuer, the neather side must be all plummed with leade very thicke, to make it sinke, and the vpper side must be full of floates, made of light Sallow such as will not sinke: at the two outmost ends, you must haue two strong Poles, full as long as the Net is déepe, to whose ends you must stretch the ends of the Net, and then casting it into the Pond, or Riuer, by strong cords, which must be fastned to each end of the Net, sée you deuide the Net to each side of the Pond or Riuer, drawing it with great lea­sure and constancie, being sure that you neither pull the leads from the ground, nor suffer the floats to sinke vnder the wa­ter, then you shall haue diuers men with long Poles or staues, that shall goe on each side of the Riuer before the Net, & beat vp the Fish, leauing none in any holes sedges, bushes, or such like, but driuing them into the midst of the water: then being come to the end of the Pond, or to the best landing place of the Riuer, those with the poysse, bea­ting the water that the fish may not passe by them, he on the contrarie side, shall bring ouer his lines, and bring the two Net Poles close together, then casting the floate a side from you, & drawing the plummed side to you, you shall stoope downe and close by the ground, leasurely draw in the plumd side of the Net, another likewise with more leasure draw­ing in the floats after you: then be assured, that what fish soeuer was within the compasse of your drawght, you shall finde it in the Rod of your Net, which as soone as you haue taken out, and clenced your Nets, well and sufficiently, you may then if you please, cast it in againe: and thus you m [...] fish downe any Riuer as many miles as you please, or haue [Page] libertie so to doe, or else you may draw as many Ponds as are to your liking.

Of the flewe Net, and of his vse.

THis flewe Net is a Net of some two fadome and a halfe in length, and one fadome in depth, made of a ve­rie straight mash, and with a long rod in the midst, the nea­ther side plummed & the vpper side floated: it is most pro­per for small brokes or little rundles, and the manner to fish with it, is in this sort. You must first haue a stop Net, which is a plaine Net, without any rod, onely plummed, floa­ted and polde at both ends, and this putting into the brooke make it fast to each side of the banke, then goe downe the Riuer from it some thréescore or fourescore yards, and there cast in your flewe, then make it likewise fast to each side of the banke, so as you may be sure that the plummets are at the bottome, and that there be a good place for the landing of your Net: then take your poysse, and goe to your stoppe Net, and there begin to beate, and so continue beating downe, till you come close to your flew, then whilst one bea­teth still, let the other on the contrary side let loose the slewe, and throwing the cords ouer vnto you, draw the slew lea­surely in, and land it as you did your drawght-Net, and looke what fish was within that compasse of water, you shall finde it in the rod of your flewe Net, then taking vp your stoppe Net, put it in where you tooke vp your flew and so fish forward, and thus you may doe the whole length of a Brooke if you haue time and leasure.

Of the Shooue-Net, or Pursse-Net.

THe Shooue-Net and Pursse-Net, are much what of one shape and making, being of a small compasse, made round and fastned to a great Bow of Wood set to a long Pole, they haue long rowes going from the Bowe, which like a pursse, are gathered together in the neather end, the vse of fishing with them, is most commonly in Pits, blinde [Page] dikes or other small standing waters, into which much fish is got by reason of inundations and ouerflowes of wa­ter. If therefore in any such pits or little dikes you shall es­pie any fish you shall take your shooue-Net and thrusting it downe to the bottome before the fish, you shall with your poy goe behinde him and beate the water, and as soone as you sée him shut you shall ierke vp your Net, and be sure to finde the fish in the rod thereof: if you draw your shoue-Net along any dike to that end which is stopt, or if there be no end stopt, then to some other person who standeth a pre­tie way from you beating the water with a poy, be sure all the fish within that compasse wil be in the rod of your Net: This is a good Instrument for the poore-man, and oft get­teth him foode when he wants it.

Of the Leape-Net.

THe Leape net is a square long Net set out with wood, hauing in it many rods or purses which are distinguisht from the outward Net with round hoopes of wood, it is most commonly fastned to a leape, and laid in Mill dams, or in straight waters, after any fall of great rayne which maketh a white water: it is most proper for the taking of Eeles, but because it is to lye still all the night or all the day, and thereby hath in it small exercise or practise, I thinke it not méete to trouble your memory much therewith, but now to ret [...]ne, and pursue my discourse in land of the excel­lent Art of Angling.

IF you will be perfect in this Art of Angling, you must first learne to make your Implements: that is to say, your Rod, and your Lines of diuers colours: This done, you most know how you must angle, & in what place of the water, how déepe, and at what time of the day, and for what manner of Fish, and what weather, how many impedi­ments there be in fishing, and specially in Angling, and what baite belongeth to euery Fish euery time of the yéere: [Page] And how you shall make your baytes bréede, where you shall finde them, and how you shall kéepe them for the most part: How you shall make your Hookes of Stéele, and of Osmond, some for the Dub, some for the Flote, and for the ground. And here I will teach you how you shall make your Rod: you shall cut it betwéene Michaelmas and Can­dlemas, of an ell and a halfe long, being the arme of a great Hasell, Willow or Aspe, and beth him in a hot Ouen, and set it euen and straight, and let it coole a month: then take a cord, and binde it fast about, and binde it to a forme, or to a péece of square timber: then take a Plummers wyer that is euen and straight, and sharpe the one end, and heate it in a fire of Charcole, and burne the hole quite through in the pith, beginning at both ends, and goe on to the middle: you may burne the hole with a Bird-broch, but let the last broch be bigger then any of them before, then let it lye and coole two dayes, vnbinde it and let it lye in the smoake, or the roofe of a house, till it be through drie. In the same season cut a yard of gréene Hasell, and deth it euen and straight, and let it drie with the staffe: and when it is drie make it fit for the hole in the staffe, vnto the halfe length of the staffe: and to fill the other halfe of the crope, take a fayre shute of blacke Thorne, Crab trée, Medler, or else of Iuniper, cut in the same season, and well bethed and straight, and set them fit together, so that the crop may enter all into the said hole, then shaue your staffe and make it Taper-wise, then hoope the staffe at both ends with long hoopes of yron, or latten, after the cleanliest manner, and a pike in the neather-end fastened with a running wyer to take in and out of your staffe, and set your crop a hand­full within your vpper end of your staffe, in such wise that it be as bigge there as in any other place aboue, then arme your staffe downe to the fret with a Line of sixe haires, and double the Line and fret it fast on with a péece of a bowe: And thus you shall make you a staffe to walke with, and no man shall thinke that you haue such Implements about [Page] you: It will be very light and nimble to fish with at your pleasure, and is alwaies very readie and necessary.

AFter you haue thus made your Rod, you must learne to colour your Lines of haire after this manner. You must take of a white horse tayle the longest haires you can get, and the bigger and rounder they are the better it is, de­part them into sixe parts, & colour euery part by himselfe in diuers colours: as yealow, gréene, tawnie, browne, russet, or duskie colour: And for to make your haire take a good gréene colour, you must take a quart of Ale, and put into it halfe a pound of Allom, and put your haire and all together in a little Pan, and let them boyle softly halfe an houre, then take out your haires, and let them drie, then take a pottle of faire water, and put it into a Pan, and two handfuls of Waxen, and presse it with a Tyle stone, and let it boyle softly the space of an houre: and when it is yealow on the scumme, put therein your haires, with halfe a pound of Cop­perous beaten into powder, and let it boyle the space of going of halfe a mile, and then set it downe and let it coole the space of fiue or sixe houres, then take out the haire and drie it, and it will be the best gréene for the water that can be, and the more that you put of Copperous to it the better it will be.

For to make your haire yealow.

DResse it as before with Allom, and after with Oldes, or Waxen, without Copperous or Verdigrease.

To make another yealow.

TAke a pottle of small Ale, and stamp thereinto thrée handfuls of Walnut leaues, and put it together, and then put in your haire till it be as déepe as you will haue it.

For to make Russet haire.

TAke a pinte of strong Lée, and halfe a pound of Sote, and a little iuyce of Walnut leaues, and a quart of A­lom, put them altogether in a Pan, and boyle them well, and when it is cold put in your haire till it be as darke as you will haue it.

To make your haire browne.

TAke strong Ale and Salt, and mingle them together, and put your haires two dayes and two nights, and they will be a perfect colour.

For to make a tawnie colour.

TAke Lime and Water, and put them together, and then put your haires therein foure or fiue houres, then take them out, and put them into a Tanners Ose one day, and it will be as fine a tawny colour as can be for your purpose.

The sixt part of your haire, you shall kéepe still white for lines, for the double hooke to fish for the Trout, and for small lines to lie for the Roch and the Dace.

When your haire is thus collected, you must know for which waters, and which seasons they shall serue, the gréene colour for all cleare waters from Aprill vntill September. The yealow colour in euery cleare water from September to Nouember. For it is like the Wéeds and other kinde of grasse that is broken in the Riuer. The russet colour serueth all the Winter vntill the end of Aprill, as well in Riuers as in Pooles or Lakes.

The browne colour serueth for the water that is blackish in Riuers or other Waters: the tawny colours, for those Riuers or Waters that be heathy or moorish.

Now you must make your lines after this order, First you must haue an instrument for the twisting of your line. Take your haire and cut a handfull at the end, because it is [Page] not strong enough, then turne the top to the tayle ouer each alike, and make it into thrée parts, & knit euery part by him­selfe, and knit the other end altogether: then put that end fast into your instrument into the clift, and make it fast with a wedge, foure fingers shorter then your haire, then twine your warpe one way alike, and fasten them in thrée clifts alike straight, then take that out at the other end, and let it twine that way that it desireth, then straine it a little, and knit it for vndoing, and that is good.

So when you haue so many links as will suffice for a line to make it long enough, then must you knit them together with a water knot, or a Dutch knot, and when your knot is knit, cut off the voyd shore ends a straw breadth from the knot, thus shall your lines be fayre and euen: and also sure for any manner of Fish.

The finest practise is in making your hookes, and for the making of them you may haue your seuerall kinde of tooles that you may doe them artificially. A séemy clam of yron, a bendor, a payre of long and small tongues, and a knife somewhat hard and thicke, an Anuill, and a little Ham­mer.

And for a small Fish you shall take the smallest quar­rell Néedles that you can finde of Steele: and you shall put the Quarrell in a fire of Charcole till it be of the same colour that the fire is, then take it out and lay it to coole, and you shall finde it well alaide to file, then raise the beard with your knife, and make the point sharpe, then alay him againe, or else he will breake in the bending, then bend him as he will serue for your purpose: you shall make them of great Néedles, as Shoomakers Néedles, Taylers Néedles, or Imbroderers Néedles: but looke that they will bow at the point, or else they be not good, and when you haue bea­ten flat the end of the hooke, fyle him smooth that it fret not the line, then put it into the fire, and giue it an easie red heat, then suddenly quench it in water, and it will be hard and strong. And for to haue knowledge of your In­struments [Page] that be necessary, without the which you are not able to accomplish your desire, that is, your Hammer, Knife, Pinson, Claem, Wedge, File, Wrest, and a Néedle.

When you haue made your hookes, then you must set them on according to their strength and greatnesse. First take small red silke, and if it be for a great hooke then double it and twist it, and for a small hooke let it be single, and there­with fret the line whereas you will haue the hooke stand, a straw breadth, then set to your hooke and fret it with the same thrid the two parts of the length that it shall be fret in all, and when you come to the third part, then turne the end of your line vp againe double, to the other third part, then put your thrid in at the hole twise or thrise, and let it goe each time about the yard of your hooke: then wet the hooke and draw, and looke that your line lye euermore within your hookes, and not without, and then cut of the lines end, and the thrid as nigh as you can, sauing the fret.

Thus you know with how great hookes you shall angle to euery Fish, now I will tell with how many haires you shall angle for euery Fish. First for the Menow, with a line of one haire: for the waring Roch, the Bleake, the Gudgeon, and the Ruffe, with a line of two haires: for the Dace and the Roch, with a line of thrée haires: for the Pearch, the Flounder, and Bremet, with a line of foure haires: for the Cheuin, the Breame, the Tench, and the Eele, with sixe haires: for the Trout, and the Grasing, Barbell, and the great Cheuin, with nine haires: for the great Trout, with twelue haires: for the Salmon, with fiftéene haires, and for a Pike, with a chalke line made in the colour aforesaid, armed with a line, as you shall heare hereafter. When I speake of the Pyke, your lines must be plumed with leade, and the nerest plumbe to the hooke, be a foote off at the least, and euery plumbe of the quantitie of the bignesse of the line. There be thrée manner of plumbes: for a ground line, renning, & for the flote: set vpon the ground line lying, ten plumbes, all ioyning together on the ground [Page] line, renning, nine or tenne small: the floate plumbe shall be heauie, that the first plucke of any Fish may pull it into the water, and make your plumbes round and smooth, that they sticke not on stones and wéedes.

THen you shall make your flotes in this manner. Take a péece of a Corke that is cleane without holes, and bore it through with a small hot yron, and put thereinto a quill or pen euen and straight: alwayes note that the grea­ter the hole, the bigger the pen, and shape it great in the middest, and small at both ends, & especially sharpe in the ne­ther end, and make them smooth on a Grindstone, and looke that the flote for one haire be no bigger then a Pease, for two haires as a Beane, for twelue haires as a Walnut, and so euery line must haue according to his portion. All manner of lines that be not for the ground, must haue flotes: and the renning ground line must haue a flote, and the lying ground line must haue a flote.

NOw I haue taught you to make your haires, hereaf­ter I meane to shew you the Art of Angling. You shall vnderstand that there is thrée manner of anglings: the one is at the ground for the Troute, and other Fish: an other is at the ground at the Arch or stang where it ebbeth and flow­eth, for Bleake, Roch, and Dace: the third is with a flote for all manner of Fish: the fourth, with a Menowe for the Trout without plumbe or flote: the fift is renning in the same for the Roch and Dace with two haires or one haire, and a flye: the sixt is a dubbed hooke for the Troute or Grayling. And for the first and principall poynt in Ang­ling, looke that you kéepe you from the sight of the Fish, either stand close on the land, or behinde some Bush: for if he sée you, then your sport is marde, for he will not bite, and looke that you shadowe the water as little as you can, for it is that which will make him be gon: for if the fish be fraide, he will not bite a good while after. For all man­ner [Page] of Fish that féede by the ground, you must Angle for them to the bottome, so that your hooke shall runne and lye on the ground: and for all other Fish that féedeth aboue, you shall Angle for them at the middest of the water, or a­boue the midst, or below the middest whether ye will, for the greater the Fish, the nearer he lieth to the bottome of the water, and euermore the smaller the Fish, the more he swimmeeh aboue. The third good poynt, is when the Fish biteth, that you be not too hastie to smite nor to take: for you must abide till the bayte be farre in the mouth of the Fish, and then tarry no longer, and this is for the ground: and for the flote when you sée it pulled into the water, or else caried softly vpon the water, then smite, and looke that you neuer ouer-smite the strength of your line for breaking: and if it be your fortune to smite a great Fish with a small line, then you must leade him in the water, and labour him there till he be drowned and ouerc [...]e, then take him as well as you can, and euer take héede that you straine him not o­uer the strength of your line, and as much as you can let him not goe past your lines end from you, but kéepe him euer vnder your Rod, and hold him as straight as your line will sustaine, and beare his leapes and his plunges as well as you can with your Crope and your hand.

Here I will declare vnto you, in what place of the water you shall angle, either in Poole or standing water, and according to the deepenes of the said water.

THere is no great diuersitie in any place of a Poole, so it be déepe, for it is a prison to all fishes, and therefore the sooner taken: but in the Riuer the best Angling is where it is déepe, and cleare by the ground, as grauell or clay with­out mud or wéedes, and especially if there be any whirling in the water, or a couert, as a hollow bancke or great rootes of Trées, or long wéeds fléeting aboue the waters, where the fish may hide themselues at certaine times when they list. Also it is good to Angle in stiffe streames, and also [Page] in vallies of waters, and in floud gates, and Mill pits, and at the banke where the streame runneth, and is déepe and cleare by the ground, and in any place where the fish haunt and haue any féeding.

Now you shall vnderstand the best time of the yéere, and the best times of the day, from the beginning of May to September. The best time of their biting is from foure a clocke in the morning vntill eight a clocke, and from foure in the afternoone till eight at night: but it is not so good in the afternoone as in the morning: and if it be a cold winde and a lowring day, it is much better then a cleare day: and the Poole fishes will bite best in the morning.

And if you see at any time of the day the Trout or the Grayling leape, angle for him with a Dub, according to the season of the yéere, and where the water ebbeth and flow­eth: the fish will bi [...]e in some place at the ebbe, and in some place at the floud, after they haue had resting behinde Stanges and arches of Bridges, and other such places.

The principall time to angle in, is a lowring day, when the winde bloweth softly: for in Summer when it is very hot then it is nought: from September vntill Aprill in a fayre sunny day, it is very good angling, & if the wind at that time haue any part of the Orient weather, then it is nought: and when it is a great winde and that it snoweth, rayneth, or hayleth, or is a great tempest, as Thunder or Lightning, or a swolty hot weather, then it is nought for to angle.

You shall further vnderstand that there be twelue empe­diments, which cause a man to take no fish, as it doth most commonly hap. The first is if that your harnesse be not fit and well made. The second is if your baytes be not good and fine. The third is, if you angle not in biting time. The fourth is, if the fish be fraid with the sight of man: The fift, if the water be red, thicke, and white, of any flood lately fallen: the sixt, if the fish stirre not for cold: the seuenth, if the weather be hot: the eight, if it raine: the ninth, if it haile or snow: the tenth, if it be a tempest: the eleuenth, [Page] if it be a great winde: the twelfth is, if the winde be in the East, and that is worst, for commonly neyther in Winter nor Summer, the fish will bite if it be in the East: the West or the North is good, but the South is best of all.

And now I haue taught you to make your harnesse, and how you shall fish therewith in all points. Now there re­steth to shew you what baytes be best for euery kinde of fish, for all times and seasons of the yéere, which is the principall part of this Art: without the knowledge of which baytes, all the rest before were to no purpose: for there is no man can make a fish to swallow the hooke without the bayte, and therefore I haue set you downe euery fish with his proper bayte belonging to the time, and best time to catch them as followeth.

And because the Salmon of all fish is the most Stateliest, therefore I meane to begin with him the first.

THe Salmon is a very gentle fish, but he is troublesome to take, for commonly he is in déepe places of great Ri­uers, and for the most part he will kéepe him in the midst of it, that you may not come at him, and he is in season from March vntill Michaelmas: in which season you may angle for him, with these baytes, if you can get them. First with a Red worme in the beginning and ending of the season, and also with a Grub that bréedeth in a dunghill, and espe­cially there is a soueraine bayte that bréedeth in a water Dock, & he biteth not at the ground, but at the flote: you may take him when he leapeth, in like manner as doth a Trout or a Graling, and these are approued bayts for the Salmon.

The Trout, because he is a daintie fish, and also a very feruent biter, he is the next that I meane to shew you the time to catch him. From March vntill Michaelmas hée lieth on the grauell, and in a streame you may angle for him with a line, lying or running, sauing in leaping time, and then with a Dub, and earely with a running ground line, and in the day time with a flote line. You shall angle [Page] for him in March, with a Menow hanging on your hooke, by the neathernesse without Flote or Plumbe, drawing vp and downe the streame till you féele him fast. Also it is good to angle for him with ground lines, and with red worme, for the most part, and in Aprill take the same baytes, as al­so the Canker that bréedeth in a great trée, and the red Snaile, you may take the Bob-worme vnder the Cowtord, and the silke worme, and the bayte that bréedeth on the Ferne leafe. In Iune take a red worme and nip off his head, and a Cod-worme, and put it on the hooke. In Iuly take the Cod worme, and the Red worme together. In August take a flesh flye, and fat Bacon, and binde them together about the hooke. In September take the Red worme and the Menow. In October take the same. These be specially for the Trout at all times of the yéere. From Aprill vntill September the Trout leapeth: then angle for him with a dubbed hooke, according to the mouth: which dubbed hookes you shall finde in the end of this Trea­tise, and the mouthes with them.

The Grayling, of some so called, of others Vmbre. It is a right delicate fish to mans mouth, and you may take him as you doe the Trout, and these are his baytes. In March and in Aprill the red worme, in May the gréene worme, a little braised worme, the docke canker, and the Hawthorne worme. In Iune the bayte that bréedeth betwéene the barke of an Oke. In Iuly a bayte that bréedeth on the Ferne leafe, and the great red worme, and nip off the head, and put it on the hooke, and a Codworme before. In August the red worme and a Docke worme, and all the yéere after a worme.

The Barbell is a swéete fish, but he is a very queasie meate, and very dangerous to eate: for commonly he brin­geth an inconuenience to the Febres, and if he be eaten raw, he may be the cause of mans death, which hath often­times béene séene, and these are his baytes in March and in Aprill. Take fresh Chéese, and lay it on a Trencher, and [Page] cut it in small péeces, the length of your hooke, then take a Candle and burne it on your hooke till it be yealow, and then binde it on your hooke with Fletchers silke, and make it rough like a Welbede, this bayte is good all the Sum­mer season. In May and in Iune take the Hawthorne worme, and the great red worme, and nip the head off, and put a Cod-worme on your hooke before, and this is a very good bayte. In Iuly take the red worme for the chiefe and the Hawthorne, together with the waterdock leafe worme. In August and for all the yéere, take the tallow of a shéepe, and of soft Chéese, each of them alike, and a little Honey, and temper them together till they be tough, and then put a little Flower into it, and make it in small pellets, and that is a good bayte to Angle with at the ground, and looke that it sinke in the water, or else it is not good for that purpose.

The Carpe is a daintie fish, but there is no great plenty of them, and therefore I write least of him, but he is a very subtle fish to take, for he is so strong in the mouth that there is no weake harnesse will hold him: and as touching his baytes I haue little knowledge thereof, and therefore I would be loth to write more then I know and haue proued: but I am sure the red worme, and the Menow are good baits for him at all times, as I haue heard diuers good Fishers report.

The Cheuin is a stately fish, and his head is a daintie morsell, there is no fish so strongly enarmed on the bodie with scales, and because he is a strong biter he hath the more baytes, which are these: In March, the red worme at the ground: for commonly then he will bite there at all times of the yéere, if he be any thing hungry: In Aprill, the Canker that bréedeth in the trée, the worme that breedeth betwéene the barke of the trée of Oke, the red worme, and the young Froshes when the féete be cut off: also the Stone Flie, the Bob vnder the Cow­turd, the red Snaile: In May, the bayte that bréedeth in the Ozier leafe, and the Docke canker put on the [Page] hooke, and a bayte that bréedeth on the Ferne leafe, the Red­worme, and the bayte that groweth vpon the Hawthorne, and a bayte that bréedeth on the Oke leafe, and a Silke worme, and a Codworme together: In Iune, take the Creker and the Dorre, also a Red worme the head being cut off, and a Codworm before, and put them on the hooke: also a Grub that bréedeth in the dunghill, a great Grashop­per, and the Humble Bée in the Meadow: Also yong Bées and Hornets, and the Flie that is among the Pismires hils. In August, take Wort wormes, and Maggots, till Michaelmas. In September, the Red worme, and a young Mouse not haired, and the House combe.

The Breame is a noble fish and a daintie, and you shall angle for him from March vntill August with a Redworme, and then with a Butterflye, and with a bayte that grow­eth amongst gréene Réede, and a bayte that bréedeth in the barke of a dead trée: and for Bremets take Maggots, and from that time forward all the yéere take the Red worme: and in the Riuer, browne bread.

The Tench is a good fish, and healeth, in a manner, all other fish that be hurt, if they may come to him, he is most parts of the yéere in the mud, and stirreth most in Iune and Iuly, and in other seasons but little: he is an euil biter, and his baytes be these: For all the yéere, browne Bread tosted with Honey, the likenesse of a bantred loafe, and the great red worme, and take the blacke bloud in the heart of a Shéepe, and Flower and Honey, and temper them all together, so make them softer then paste and annoynt the Red worme therewith, both for this fish and for others, and they will bite much the better thereat at all times of the yéere.

The Perch is a daintie fish, and passing wholesome, and a great and earnest biter: In March, the Red worme, the Bob vnder the Cowtord. In Aprill and May, the Slow­thorne worme, and the Cod worme. In Iune, the bayte that bréedeth in an old fallen Oke, and the great Canker. [Page] In Iuly the bait that bréedeth on the Ozier leafe, and the Bob that bréedeth on the dunghill, and the Hawthorne worme, and the Cod-woorme. In August, the red worme and Maggots, and all the yéere after take the red worme for the best.

The Roch is an easie fish to take, and if he be fat and pen­ned then is he good meate, and his baites are these. In March take the red worme. In Aprill, the Bob vnder the Cow­turd. In May, the baite that bréedeth in the Oken leafe, and the Bob on the dunghill. In Iune, the baite that brée­deth on the Ozier, and the Cod-worme. In Iuly, the House-flyes, and the baite that bréedeth on an Oke, and the Not-worme, and Mathews maggots, vntill Michaelmas, and after that the fat of Bacon.

The Dace is a gentle Fish, and is very good meat: in March his baite is a red worme, and in Aprill the Bob vnder the Cowturd. In May the docke canker, and the bayte on the Slowthorne, and that on the Oken leafe. In Iune the Cod­worme, and the baite on the Ozier, and the white Grub on the dunghill. In Iuly take house flies, and the flyes that bréede in Pismire hils, the Cod-worme and Maggots till Michaelmas, and if the water be cleare, you shall take fish when other shall take none, and from that time forth doe as you would doe for the Roch: for commonly their byting and their baytes be a like.

The bleake is but a féeble fish, yet is he holsome. His baite from March til Michaelmas be the same that I haue written for the Roch and the Dace, sauing all the summer you may angle for him with a house flye, and in Winter season with Bacon, and with other baites, as hereafter you shall learne.

The Ruffe is a very good and holsome fish, and a frée biter: but subtile withall, and you must angle for him with the same baites & the same seasons of the yéere as I haue tolde you of the Pearch: for they be like in fish & féeding, sauing the Ruffe is lesse, & therefore you must haue the smaller baites.

The Flounder is a holsome fish and frée, but a subtile [Page] biter, in this manner: for commonly when he sucketh his meat, he féedeth at the ground, and therefore you must angle for him with a ground line lying, and he hath but one man­ner of baite, and that is a red worme, and that is most chiefe for all manner of Fish.

The Gudgeon is a good fish of his bignesse, and he biteth well at the ground, and his baites for all the yéere is the red worme, Cod-worme and Maggots, and you must angle for him with a flote, and lot your baite be néere the bottome, or else vpon the ground.

The Menow when he shineth in the water is bitter, and though his bodie be but little, yet he is a rauenous biter and eger, and you shall angle for him with the same baites that you doe for the Gudgeon, sauing they must be small.

The Eele is a queasie fish, and a rauenor and a deuourer of the brood of fish, & the Pyke is also a deuourer of fish, I put them both behinde all other fish for to angle. For the Eele, you shall finde a hole in the ground of water, and it is blew and blackish, there put in your hooke till it be a foote within the hole, and your bayte shalbe a great angle with a Menow.

The Pyke is a good fish, but that he is a deuourer of all fish as well of his owne broode as of other, and therefore I loue him the worse: and for to take him ye shall doe thus. Take a Roch or a fresh Herring, and a wyer with a hooke in the end, and put it in at the mouth, and downe by the ridge, to the tayle of the Herring, and then put the line of your hooke in after, and draw the hooke into the chéeke of the fresh Herring, then put a plumbe of lead on your line a yard from you hooke, & a flote in the midway betwéene, and cast it in a pit where the Pykes vse, and this is the best and surest way to take: and thrée manners of taking him there is. Take a Frosh, and put it on your hooke, betwéene the skin and the body, in at the necke, on the backe halfe, and put on the flote a yard thereto, and cast it where the Pyke haunteth, and you shall haue him. Another way: Take the same bayt and put it in, safe tied, and cast it into the water with a Corke, and you [Page] shall not faile of him: And if you minde to haue good sport, then tie your cord to a Goose foot, and you shall sée good haling bewéene the Goose and the Pyke, who shall haue the better.

Now you know with what bayts and in what seasons of the yéere you shal angle for euery kinde of fish, now I meane to tell you how you shall kéepe and féede your quicke bayts. You shall kéepe them all in general, and euery one seuerall by himselfe, with such things as they are bred in, and as long as they be quicke and new they be fine: but when they be in a slough or dead, then they are nought: Out of these be ex­cepted thrée broodes: that is, Hornets, Humble Bées and Waspes, which you shall bake in bread, and dip their heads in bloud, & let them drie. Also except Maggots, which when they be bred great with their naturall féeding, you shall féed them furthermore with Shéepes tallow. And take héed that in going about your disports you open no mans gates, but that you shut them againe. Also you shall not vse this sport craftily for couetousnesse, to the increasing and sparing of your money onely, but principally for your solace, and for the maintenance of your bodily health. For when you pur­pose to goe on your disports in fishing, you will not desire greatly many persons with you, which might let you of your game, and then your minde may be well giuen to the seruing of God, as in prayer or otherwise, and in so doing you shall eschew and auoid many vices, as Idlenes, which is the principall leader to vice, and it is commonly séene that it bringeth diuers to their vtter destruction. Also you must not be too desirous of your game, but with discretion, that you marre not other mens game, and your owne to, as too much at one time, which you may lightly do, if in euery point you fulfill this present Treatise: but when you haue a suf­ficient messe, to content your selfe for that time. Also you shall apply your selfe to the nourishing of the game, and in destroying of such things as shall be the deuourers of it.