An exposition of certaine difficult and obscure words, and termes of the lawes of this realme, newly set forth & augmented, both in French & English, for the help of such yong students, as are desirous to attaine to the knowledge of the same — Expositiones terminorum legum Anglorum. English and Law French

Author: Rastell, John, d. 1536.1595

AN EXPOSITION OF CERtaine difficult and obscure words, and termes of the Lawes of this Realme, newly set forth & augmented, both in French & English, for the help of such yong Students, as are desirous to attaine to the knowledge of the same.

AT LONDON Printed by th'Assignee of Charles Yetsweirt Esq. deceased.

Cum priuilegio Regiae Maiestatis.

1595.

[Page]

The Table.

ABatement de briefe [...]n plaint fol. 1. a
Abatement en terres fol. 1. b
Abbot fol. 2. a
Abbettors fol. 2. b
Abeyance fol. 3. a
Abishersing fol. 4. a
Abiuration fol. 4. a
Abridgement de plaint ou demand fol. 5. b
Accedas ad Curiam fol. 6. a
Acceptance fol. 6. a
Accessories fol. 6. b
Action fol. 7. b
Action personals fol. 7. b
Action reals fol. 7. b
Action populer fol. 8. a
Action mixt fol. 8. b
Action del briefe fol. 9. a
Action sur le case fol. 9. a
Action sur le statute fol. 9. b
Accompt fol. 10. a
Accord fol. 10. b
Acquital fol. 10. b
Acquitance fol. 11. b
Actes fol. 12. a
Additions fol. 12. a
Adiournement fol. 12. a
Admeas. de dower fol. 12. a
Admeas. de pasture fol. 12. b
Administrator fol. 14. a
Admiral fol. 15. a
Ad quod dampnum fol. 15. a
Aduowson fol. 15. b
Age prier fol. 15. b
Agreement fol. 16. b
Aide fol. 18. a
Aide de Roy fol. 18. b
Aiel fol. 19. a
Alien fol. 19. b
Alienation fol. 19. b
Ambidexter fol. 19. b
Amendment fol. 20. a
Amercement fol. 20. a
Amercement roial fol. 20. b
An, iour, & wast fol. 20. b
Annuitie fol. 21. a
Appeal fol. 21. a
Appellant fol. 21. b
Appellor fol. 21. b
Appendant & appurtenant fol. 21. b
Apportionment fol. 22. a
Appropriations fol. 22. b
Approuements fol. 24. a
Arbitrement fol. 24. a
Arrest fol. 24. b
Arrerages fol. 25. a
Assets fol. 25. a
Assignee fol. 26. a
Assise fol. 26. [...]
Assise de darrain pres. fol. 27. b
Ass. de Mortdancest. fol. 27. b
Attainder fol. 27. b
Attaint fol. 28. a
Atturnement fol. 28. b
Audita querela fol. 28. b
Auerrement fol. 29. a
Auerpeme fol. 29. a
Auncient demesne fol. 29. a
Auowrie fol. 29. b

¶ Baile fol. 30. a
Bailement fol. 30. b
Bailife fol. 30. b
Ba [...]berind theefe fol. 31. a
Bargaine & sale fol. 31. a
Barre fol. 31. b
Base fee fol. 31. b
Bastard fol. 32. a
Battaile fol. 32. b
Bigamie fol. 32. b
Blodwit fol. 33. b
Boote fol. 33. b
[Page]Broodhalfpenie fol. 34. a
Burgage fol. 34. a
Burghbote fol. 34. a
Burghbrech fol. 34. b
Burghenglish fol. 34. b
Burglarie fol. 34. b

¶ Capias fol. 35. a
Caruage fol. 35. a
Certification in ass. fol. 35. a
Certiorary fol. 35. b
Cession fol. 36. a
Cessauit fol. 36. a
Challenge fol. 37. a
Champertie fol. 37. b
Champertors fol. 38. a
Charge fol. 38. a
Charters fol. 38. a
Chattels fol. 38. b
Childwit fol. 38. b
Chimin fol. 38. b
Chose in action fol. 39. a
Cinque Portes fol. 39. b
Circuit de action fol. 39. b
Claime fol. 40. a
Clergie fol. 40. b
Clerke attaint fol. 40 b
Clerke conuict fol. 41. a
Colour fol. 41. a
Colour de office fol. 42. a
Collusion fol. 42. b
Common ley fol. 43. a
Common fol. 43. b
Condition fol. 45. a
Confirmation fol. 46. b
Confiscate biens fol. 47. b
Conspiracie fol. 47. a
Custome fol. 47. a
Consultation fol. 47. b
Continual claime fol. 47. b
Counterplee fol. 48. a
Contract fol. 48. b
Contra formam collationis fol. 49. a
Contra formam feoffamenti fol. 49. b
Contributione fac. fol. 50. a
Conusance fol. 50. a
Corodie fol. 50. b
Coroner fol. 51. b
Corporation fol. 52. b
Corps politique fol. 53. a
Corruption de sank fol. 53. a
Co [...]ooage fol. 53. b
Couenant fol. 54. a
Couerture fol. 54. a
Couin fol. 54. b
Cui in vita fol. 54. b
Cui ante diuortium fol. 55. a
Curtesie dengleterre fol. 55. a

¶ Dammage fesant fol. 55. a
Danegeld fol. 55. b
Darrem presentment fol. 56. a
Deane & Chapter fol. 56. a
Decies tantum fol. 56. a
Declaration fol. 56 b
Dedimus potestatem fol. 57. b
Defendant fol. 57. b
Defence fol. 57. b
Demandant fol. 58. a
Demeanes fol. 58. b
Demy sank fol. 59. a
Demurrer fol. 59. a
Denizen fol. 59. b
Deodand fol. 59. b
Departure de son plee ou matter fol. 60. a
Departure in dispite del Court fol. 60. a
Deputie fol. 60. b
Dette fol. 60. b
Deuastauerunt bona resta [...]oris fol. 61. a
[Page]Deuise fol. 61. b
Diem clausit extrem̄ fol. 65, a
Discent fol. 65. b
Disclaimer fol. 66. a
Discontinuance fol. 66. a
Dismes fol. 66. b
Disparagement fol. 67. a
Disseisin fol. 67. b
Disseisin sur disseisin fol. 68. a
Disse [...]sor & disseisee fol. 68. a
Disceit fol. 68. a
Distres fol. 68. b
Diuorce fol. 70. b
Donor & Donee fol. 70. b
Double plee fol. 70. b
Dower fol. 71. a
Droit fol. 72. a
Droit dentrie fol. 72. a
Dum non fuit compos mē tis fol. 72. a
Dum fuit infra etat [...] fol. 72. b
Dures fol. 72. b

¶ Eiectione firme. fol. 73. a
Eiectment de Gard fol. 73. a
Eire Justices fol. 73. a
Elegit fol. 73. a
Embraceor fol. 75. b
Encrochment fol. 75. b
Enheritance fol. 76. a
Entre fol. 76. b
Entrusion fol. 79. b
Equitie fol. 79. b
Error fol. 81. a
Escape fol. 81, b
Escheat fol. 82. b
Escuage fol. 83. a
Esplees fol. 83. b
Essoine fol. 84. a
Estoppel fol. 84. b
Estrangers fol. 85. b
Estray fol. 86. a
Estrepement fol. 86. a
Etate probanda fol. 86, b
Excommen gem̄t fol. 86. b
Exchange fol. 87. a
Execution fol. 87. b
Executor fol. 88. a
Exigent fol. 88. b
Ex parte talis fol. 89. a
Ex graui querela fol. 89. a
Extinguishment fol. 89. a
Extortion fol. 89. b

¶ Failer de record fol. 90. a
Fait fol. 90. b
Farme fol. 94. b
Faux imprisonment fol. 95. a
Fee ferme fol. 95. a
Fee simple fol. 95. a
Feoffement fol. 95. b
Feoffor & Feoffee fol. 95. b
Fealtie fol. 96. a
Felonie fol. 96. a
Firebote fol. 96. b
Fledwit fol. 96. b
Flemeswite fol. 97. a
Fletwit fol. 97. a
Forstal fol. 97. a
Forstaller fol. 97. a
Franchise roial fol. 97. b
Frankalmoigne fol. 97. b
Frank fee fol. 98. a
Fieri facias fol. 98. b
Fine fol. 99. a
Formedon fol. 98. b
Frankmariage fol. 100. a
Franktenement fol. 101. a
Freshsuit fol. 101. b

¶ Gager deliuerans fol. 102. a
Garrātie des ch [...]es fol. 102. b
Garrantie fol. 103. a
Garrantie fol. 105. a
[Page]Gard fol. 105. b
Gardein fol. 106. a
Garnishment fol. 107. a
Gauelet fol. 107. a
Gauelkind fol. 108, b
Geld fol. 109, b
Graund Cape fol. 109, b
Grand Serieantie fol. 109, b
Girthbrech fol. 110, b

¶ Habere fac̄ sei [...] fol. 110, b
Hangwit fol. 111, a
Hariot fol. 111, a
Heybote ou Hedgebote fol. 111, b
Hidage fol. 112, a
Hotchpot fol. 112, a
Homage fol. 113, a
Homage an̄cestrel fol. 113, a
Homesoken fol. 113, b
Homicide fol. 114, a
Hornegeld fol. 114, a
Housebote fol. 114, a
Hundred fol. 114, b
Hundredum fol. 115, a

¶ Ideot fol. 115, a
Idemptitatenom̄ fol. 115, b
Ieofaile fol. 116, a
Illoial assemblie fol. 116, b
Imparlance fol. 116, b
Imprisonment fol. 117, a
Infangtheefe fol. 117, a
Information fol. 117, b
Iointenants fol. 117, a
Indicauit fol. 119, a
Ioynture fol. 119, a

¶ Larcenie fol. 120, a
Lastage fol. 120, b
Leases fol. 120, b
Lessor & Lessee fol. 121, a
Leuāt & touchant fol. 121, a
Ley fol. 121, b
Libertate ꝓbanda fol. 122, b
Liuerie de seisin fol. 122, b
Lotherwit fol. 124, a

¶ Maihem fol. 124, a
Mainprise fol. 125, a
Mannor fol. 125, a
Mamunission fol. 125, b
Maximes fol. 126, a
Mainour fol. 126, b
Maintenance fol. 127, a
Mesne fol. 127, a
Misprision fol. 127. b
Monstrans de faits ou Records. fol. 128. a
Mortdauncester fol. 128. b
Monstrauerunt fol. 128. b
Mortgage fol. 129. b
Moderata miseriē fol. 130. b
Mortmaine fol. 130. b
Mulier fol. 131. a
Murder fol. 132. a

¶ Natiuo habendo fol. 132. a
Ne admittas fol. 132. b
No [...] omittas &c. fol. 132. b
Negatiua preignās fol. 133. a
Neiniuste vexes fol. 134. a
Niefe fol. 134. a
Nihil dicit fol. 135. a
Nisi prius fol. 135. a
Nomination fol. 135. a
Nonabilitie fol. 135. b
Nude contratt fol. 135. b
Nusans fol. 136. a
Nuper obiit fol. 136. b

¶ Oredelf fol. 136. a
[Page]Outfangtheefe fol. 136. b
Oweltie fol. 137. a
Oyer de Recordes & faits fol. 137. a
Oier & terminer fol. 137. b

¶ Pape fol. 138. a
Per que seruitia fol. 138. b
Parceners fol. 138. b
Partition fol. 139. b
Parties fol. 141. a
Patron fol. 141. b
Perquisites fol. 142. a
Perambula [...] ̄ fa. fol. 142. a
Petit Cape fol. 142. b
Petit Serieantie fol. 143. a
Plaintife fol. 143. a
Pleading fol. 143. a
Post disseisin fol. 143. b
Possession fol. 143. b
Pound fol. 144. a
Preamble fol. 144, a
Premunire fol. 144, b
Precipe in capite fol. 145, a
Prescription fol. 145, b
Presentment fol. 146, a
Pretēsed droit &c. fol. 146, a
Priuities &c. fol. 146, b
Priuiledges fol. 147, b
Proces fol. 148, a
Prochein Amy fol. 149, a
Procedendo fol. 150, a
Prohibition fol. 150, a
Protection fol. 150, b
Protestation fol. 151, b
Purchase fol. 152, b

¶ Quale ius fol. 152, b
Quare eiecit infra terminum fol. 153, a
Quare impedit fol. 153, a
Quare incumbrauit fol. 153, b
Q. intrusit matrimonio nō satisfacto fol. 154, a
Quare non admisit fol. 154, a
Quarentine fol. 154, b
Quid iuris clamat fol. 154, b
Quinzime fol. 155, a
Quod ei deforceat fol. 155, b
Q. permittat fol. 156, a
Quo iure fol. 156, a
Quo minus fol. 156, a
Quo warranto fol. 156, b

¶ Rationabil diui [...] fol. 156, b
Reddissseisin fol. 157, a
Regrator fol. 157, a
Reioynder fol. 157, a
Release fol. 157, b
Reliefe fol. 158, a
Remainder fol. 158, b
Remitter fol. 159, a
Rents fol. 160, a
Repleuin fol. 165, a
Replication fol. 165, b
Reprises fol. 166, a
Receit fol. 166, a
Rescous fol. 166, a
Reseruation fol. 166, b
Retraxit fol. 167. a
Reeue fol. 167, b
Reuersion fol. 168, a
Riot fol. 168, b
Robberie fol. 168, b
Rout fol. 168, b

Sake fol. 169, a
Scire facias fol. 169, a
Scot fol. 170, a
Seruice de chiualer fol. 170, a
[Page]Shewing fol. 170, a
Soke fol. 170, b
Sokmains fol. 170, b
Socage fol. 172, a
Summons ad warrantizandum fol. 173, a
Spoliation fol. 173, a
Stallage fol. 174, a
Suit Couenant fol. 174, a
Suit custome fol. 174, b
Suit reall fol. 174, b
Suit seruice fol. 175, a
Statute marchant fol. 175. a

¶Taile fol. 176, a
Taile ap̄s poss▪ &c. fol. 177, a
Taxe & Tallage fol. 177, b
Tenure in capite fol. 177, b
Terme dans fol. 177, a
Testament fol. 178, a
Them fol. 179, a
The [...]tbote fol. 179, a
Title fol. 179, b
Title dentrie fol. 179, b
Tosse fol. 180, a
Treason fol. 181, a
Treasure troue fol. 181, a
Turne del V [...]t [...]nt fol. 181, [...]

¶View fol. 181, b
Vi laica remouēda fol. 182, a
Villenage fol. 182, b
Viscont fol. 185, a
Volunt fol. 186, a
Voucher fol. 187, a
Vses fol. 187, b
Vsurie fol. 188, a
Vtlagarie fol. 188, b
Vtrum fol. 189, [...]

Wai [...]e fol. 190, a
Wa [...]e fol. 190, b
Warwit fol. 191, a
Wast [...] fol. 191, a
Wreck fol. 191, b
Withernam fol. 192, a
Warren fol. 192, a

FINIS.

[Page 1]

Termes of the Law.

1 Abatement of a writ or plaint.

ABatemēt of a writ or plaint, is when an actiō is broght by writ or plaint, wherein is lacke of sufficient and good matter, or els the matter alledged is not certainly set downe, or if the plaintife or defendant, or place are misnamed, or if there appeare variance betwéene the writ and the specialtie or recorde, or that the writ or the declaration be vncertaine, or for death of the plaintife or defendant and for diuers other like causes, then vpō those defaults, the defendant may pray, y^t the writte or plaint may abate, that is to say, that the plaintifs suit against him, may cease for that time, & that he shal begin again his suit, and bring a newe writ or plaint if he be so disposed to doe. But if the defendant in any action plede a matter in barre, for to adnull the [Page] action for euer, he shal not come afterwards to plede in abatement of the writ, but if after it appere in y^e record, that there is some matter apparant, for the which y^e writ ought to be abated, then y^e def. or any persō as a frind to y^e court may well plede & shewe y^t in arrest of iudgement.

See the titles of writ, Misnosmer & Variance in the Abridgements, and the book called the Digests of writs, in which it is very well entreated, especially of these matters.

Abatement in lands.

ABatement in lands or tenemēts is whē a mā [Page 2] dieth seased of lāds or tenements, & one y^t hath no right entreth into y^e same lands or tenemēts before y^• heire maketh his entry, this entry of him is called an abatement, & he an Abator. But if the heire enter first after y^e death of his auncestor, & the other enter vpon y^• possession of y^• heire, this entry of him is a disseisin to the heire. Look in y^e book of entries [...]o. 63. c. & 205. d. & 519. c. where this word Abatement is called in latin, Intrusio, And I think it better to cal it in latin Interpositio, or Intratio per interpositionem, to make a difference betwéene this worde & intrusion after y^• death of the tenāt for life.

3 Abbot.

ABbot was y^• soueraigne head, or chiefe of those houses, which when they stood were called Abbies, & this Abbot together w^t y^e monks of y^e same house, who were called y^• couent made a corporation: such a soueraigne of any such house shal not be charged by y^• act of his predecessor, [Page] if it be not by cōmon seale or for such things which commeth to the vse of his house. Also an abbot shall not be charged for the det of his Monke before his entre in religion, though the creditor hanc an especialtie thereof, except that it haue come to the vse of his house, but the executors of the Monke shalbe charged therewith.

Look for this in the Abridgments the same title vnder which you shall sée that some of thē were electiue, some presētatiue, And how they were made gouernors, and their authoritie, and in this title are also comprehended all other corporations spiritual, as Prior and his couent friers and Canons, Deane & Chapter.

¶ Abbettors.

ABbettors are in diuers cases diuersly takē one kind of abbettors are they y^• maliciously w^tout iust cause or desert do procure other to sue false appeals of murther or felonie against men to the intēt to trouble & greue them, and [Page 3] to bring them to infamy & slaunder. Abbetiours in murders, are those that command, procure, counsell or comfort others to murther. And in some cas such abbettors shal be taken as principals, and in some case but as accessories. So in other felomes. And their presence at the deed doing, & their absēce maketh a difference in the case. There are abbettors also in treason, but they are in case as principals, for in treason there are no accessories.

Looke more in the booke called the Plees of the Crown made by the right worshipfull Iudge Sir W. Stamford in the titles of Accessories & damages in appeale.

5 Abeiance.

ABeiance is whē a lease is made for terme of life, the remainder to the ryght heires of I. S. which I. S. is liuing at the time of the graunt, Now by this graunt the remainder passeth from the grauntor present [...]e, yet it vesteth not presently, [Page] nor taketh hold in the grantée, that is to fay, the right heire of I. S. but is said to be in abeyance or els as the Logiciens terme it in power, or in vnderstāding, and as we say in the cloudes, that is to wit, in the consideration of the law, That if I. S. dye hauing a right heir, & liuing the lessée for life, then this is a good remainder, & now vesteth & commeth into the right heire in such sort, as that he may graunt, forfait or otherwise dispose y^• same, & ceaseth to bée any more in Abeiāce, for that there is one now of abilitie to take it because that I. S. is dead, & hath left a right heire in life, which could not be liuing I. S. for y^• during his life none could properly be said his heire. Also if a man bée Patron of a Church, and presenteth one to y^• same. Now is the fée of the landes and tenementes perteyninge to the rectorie in the parson, but if the parson die and the Church is become void, then is the [Page 4] fée in abeyaunce, vntill there be a newe Parson presented, for the patron hath not the fée, but onely the right to present, and the fée is in the incumbēt that is presented, & after his death, it is in no body but in abeyance, till there be a new incumbent as is aforesaid.

Sée Lit. his 3. booke cap. 11. fol. 145. And Park. fol. 12.

6 Abishersing.

ABishersing (& in some copies Mishersing) y^t is to be quit of amerciamēts before whō soeuer of transgression proued.

7▪ Abiuration.

ABiuration is an oth that a man or woman shall take w [...]ē they haue committed felony, & flie to the Church or churchyard, or to any other place priuiledged for safegarde of their liues, choosing rather perpetual banishment out of the realm, thē to stād to the law & to be tried of the felony, in which case befor the Coroner he shalmake such cōfession, which may [Page] make a sufficient inditement of felony, then the coroner at the comon law shall make him to forswere the Realme, & shal assigne him to what Port he shal goe, & shal sweare him y^• he go not out of the high way, & y^t he shoulde not abide at the port (if he may haue good passage) but one flood & one ebbe, & if he cannot haue passage, then he shall go euery day during xl. daies in the se [...] to the knees, but if such a felon as abiureth go out of the hie way & flieth to another place, if he be taken he shalbe brought before the iudge & there shal haue iudgement to be hā ged. But if he which so praieth the priuiledge wil not abiure, then he shall haue the priuiledge for xl. daies, & euery man may giue him meate & drinke. But if any giue him sustenance after xl. daies although it be his wife▪ such giuing is felony. Also he that doeth abiure shall be deliuered from one Constable to another, & from one frāches to another, til [Page 5] that hee come to his port, and if the Constable will not receiue him, he shalbe grieuously amerced. Look the othe in the Treatise de Abiuratione Latronū.

And this law was instituted by S. Edward the Confessor, a king of this Realme before the Conquest, and was grounded vpon the law of mercie, & for the loue & reuerence no doubt that he & other his successours did beare vnto the house of God, or place of prayer and administration of his woord & sacramēts, which we call the Church. Note this law is now changed by the statutes 21. H 8. ca. 2 22. H. 8. ca. 14. and 32. H. 8. cap. 12. by which it appeareth, that he at this day shall not abiure the Realm, but al his libertie of this Realm, and al his liberall and frée habitations, resorts and passages from all places of this Realme, to one certaine place in this realm therto limitted by 32. H. 8. ca. 13 & 33. H. 8. ca. 15. Looke more in Stamf. li. 2. ca. 10.

[Page]

Abridgement of a plaint or demaund.

ABridgement of a plaint or demaund is where one bringeth an ass. writ of dower, writ of ward or such like where y^e writ of Assise is, De libero ten̄to, as in a writ of dower, the writ is, Rationabilē dotē quae eā contingit de libero tenemento w. her husbād And in a writ of ward the writ is Custod' terrarū & heredis &c. & the plaintife or demaundant, demaundeth diuers acres or parcels of land, & the tenaunt pleadeth Nontenure, or iointenancy or some other such like plee, to parcell of the land demaunded in abatement of the writ, then the plaintife or demādant may abridge his plaint or demand to that parcell, y^• is to say, he may leaue out that parte & pray that the tenaunt shall answere the rest to which he hath not yet pleaded any thing. The cause is for y^• in such writs, the certainty is not set downe, but the demād rūneth generally, de libero tenemento, & notwithstanding [Page 6] the demandant hath abridged his plaint or demand in part; yet the writ remaineth good still de libero tenemento for y^• rest.

9 ¶ Accedas ad Curiam.

ACcedas ad Curiam is a writ directed to the shirife, commanding him to go to such a court of some lord or franchise where a plaint is sued, for taking of beasts as a distresse, or any false iudgmēt is supposed to bee made in any suite which hath been in such a court which is not a court of record, and that the shirife shal there make record of the saide suite in presence of the suitors of the same Court, and of foure other knights of the Countie, and certifie into the kings court, and at that day that is limitted in the writ.

10 ¶ Acceptance.

Acceptāce is a taking in good part, & as it were an agréeing vnto some act done before, which might haue bin vndon & auoided (if such acceptance had [Page] not bin) by him or them that so accepted, As for example: if a Bishop before primo Eliz. lease part of the possessions of his Bishopricke for terme of yéeres reseruing rent and dyeth, and after an other is made Bishop, who accepteth, that is to say, taketh or receiueth the rent when it is due and ought to be paied, now by this acceptaunce the lease is made perfect and good, which els the new bishop might verie well haue auoided & made frustrate.

The like law is, if a mā & his wife seised of land in the right of the wyfe [...]oine or make lease by [...]effment in déede reseruing rent, and the husband dyeth, shée accepteth or receyueth the rent, by this the feoffement or lease is made perfect and good, & shal barre her to bring her writ called Cui in vita.

Accessories.

ACcessories are in two sorts, theone before the offence, the other after the offence is done, Accessorie [Page 7] before the fact or offence is he that commandeth or procureth an other to doe felonie, & is not there present himselfe when the other doth it, but if hée be present then hee is also principal. Accessorie after the offence is hee that receiueth, fauoureth, a [...]eth, [...]ssisteth or comforteth anie mā that hath don any murder or felony whereof hee hath knowledge, such an accessorie shalbe punished, and shal haue iudgement of life and member aswell as the principall which did the felonie: but such an accessorie shal neuer be put to that till the principall bee attaint or conuict, or bee outlawed thereupon. But a women in such case shal not be accessorie for helping her husband: in great or high Treason aswell the commāders as the assisters & receiuers after be alwais principals.

Also one may be accessorie to an accessorie, as if one feloniously receiue an other that is accessorie to felonie, there the receiuer [Page] is an accessorie.

See more of accessorie in the said Booke of Plees of the Crown the first booke, cap. 44. 45. 46. 47. 98. 49. & 50.

¶ Action.

ACtion is the forme of a suit giuen by the lawe to recouer a thing, as an action of debt and such like.

See the Lexicon of the lavv for action.

Actions personals.

Actiōs personals be such actions wherby a man claimeth debt or other goods and chattels, or damage for them, or damages for wrong don to his person, and it is properly that which in the Ciuill law is called Actio in personam, which is brought against him, who is bound by couenant or default to giue or grant anie thing.

¶ Actions reals.

ACtiōs reals be such actions whereby the demandant claimeth title to [Page 8] any lands or tomments, rents or commons, in fée simple, fée taile, or for terme of life.

15 ¶ Action popular.

ACtion populer is an action which is giuē vpon the breach of some penal statute, the which action euery man that will may sue for himselfe & the Quéene, by information or otherwise, as y^• statute alloweth, and the case requireth. And of these actions there be an infinite nūber, but one for example is: when any of the Iury that are impanelled & sworn to passe betweene partie and party indifferently, do take any thing of the one side or other, or of both parties to say their verdicts on that side, then any man that wil within the yeere next following the offence made, may sue a writ called Decies tantum, against him or them that so did take to giue his verdict, & because y^t this action is not giuen to one specially, but generally to any of the Q. people as [Page] will sue, it is called an Action populer, but in this case when one hath begun to pursue an actiō, no other may sue it, and in this as it seemeth this doth varie from an action populer by the Ciuil law.

Action mixt.

Action mixt is a suit giuen by the law to recouer the thing demanded, and also damages for the wrong done, as in Assise of Nouel disses. the which writ (if the disseisor make a feoffement▪ to an other) the disseisée shall haue against the disseisor & the feffee or other land tenāt, & therby shall recouer his seisin of the land & his damages for the mean profits, & for the wrong done vnto him. And so is an actiō of wast & Quare imp. But an action of Detinu is not called an actiō mixt although by it the thing withheld is demanded, & shalbe recouered if it may be found, & damages for y^• withholding, & i [...] it cānot be foūd, then damages for [Page 9] the thing and the reteyning. But that is called onely an action personall, because that it should bee brought only for goods & chattels.

17 Action of a writ.

ACtion of the writ, is a phrase of spéech vsed when one pleadeth some matter▪ by which he sheweth that the plaintife had no cause to haue the writ which he brought, & yet it may be, that he may haue another writ or action for the same matter: such a plée is called a plée to the action of the writ, whereas if by the plee it should appeare, that the plaintife hath no cause to haue any action, for the thing demaunded, then it shal bée called a plée to the action.

18 Action vpon the case.

ACtion vpon the case, is a writ brought against one for an offence done w^tout force, as for not per forming promise made [Page] by the defendant to the plaintife or for speaking of wordes, by which the plaintife is defamed, or for other misdemeanor or disceit, where the whole case shall be contained in the writ.

Action vpon the statute.

ACtion vpon the statute is a writfoūded vpon any statute, where by any statute an action is giuen to one in any case where no action was before: As where one committeth periurie to the preiudice of another, he which is indamaged shal haue a writ vpon the statute and his case, And the difference between action vpon the statute and action Populer is, that where the statute giueth the suite or action, to the partie grieued, or otherwise to one person certaine, that is called action vpon the Statute: But where by the statute aucthoritie is giuen to euery one that will [Page 10] to sue, that is termed action Populer.

Accompt.

ACcompt is a writ and it lyeth where a Bailife or a Receiuer to any Lorde or other man, which ought to render accompt, will not giue his accompt, then hee to whom the accompt ought to bee giuen, shall haue this writte. And by the Statute of westminster 2. Chapter 10. if the Accomptant bee found in arrerages, the Auditours which bee assigned to him, haue power to award him to prison there to abide till he haue made agréement to the partie, But if the Auditours will not allowe reasonable expence and costes, or if they charge him with mo [...] receites then they ought, then his next friend that will sue for him, shal sue a writte of Ex parte talis out of the Chancery directed to the Shirife to [Page] take foure mainpernors to bring his bodie before the Barons of the Exchequer at a certain day▪ and to warne the Lorde to appeare there at a certaine day.

Accord.

ACcord is agréemēt betwéen two at the least to satisfie an offence that the one hath made to the other, when a man hath done a trespas, or such like vnto another, for the which hee hath agréed with him, to satisfie and content him with some recompence, which if it be executed and perfourmed, then because that this recompence, is a full satisfaction for the offēce, it shall be a good barre in the law, if the other after y^• accord performed should sue againe any action for the same trespas.

Note that the first is properly called an accord, the other a contract.

Acquitall.

ACquital is where ther is a Lorde, me [...]ne, and [Page 11] tenant, & the tenant holdeth of the me [...]e certaine landes or tenements in frankalmoigne, frākmariage or such like, and the mesne holdeth ouer also of the lord paramount, or about him. Now ought the mesne to acquit or discharge the tenant of all & euery manner of seruice, that any other wold haue or demaunde o [...] him concerning the same lands or tenements, for that the tenant must doe his seruice to the mesne onely, and not to diuers Lords for one tenement or parcel of land. The same law is where there is one Lord, mesne, and tenant as aforesaid, & the mesne graunteth to the tenaunt (vpon the tenure made betwéen them) to acquite and discharge him of all rents, seruices, and such like, This discharge is called acquitall.

Like lawe is if the tenant holdeth of his mesne by like seruices, as the mesne holdeth ouer of the lord, & the tenant doeth or paieth his seruices to the [Page] mesne, but the mesne doth not his seruices to y^• chief lord, wherefore he distreineth the beastes of the tenaunt▪ In this case the mesne for the equalnes of the seruices ought to acquit the tenant of the seruice due vnto the Lord.

Acquitance.

ACquitāce, is a discharg in writing of a summe of money, or other duetie which ought to bée payd or done: As if one bée bound to pay money vpon an obligation, or rent reserued vppon a lease or such like, and the partie to whom the money or dutie should bée paide or done, vpon the receite thereof, or vpon other agréement betwéene them had, maketh a writing or bill of his hande, in discharge therof, witnessing that he is paid, or otherwise contented, and therefore doth acquit and discharge him of the same, which acquitance is such a discharge & barre in the law, that he cannot demand and recouer that summe or duty againe [Page 12] contrary thereunto if he shew the acquitance.

This worde differeth frō those which in the ciuil law be called Acceptitatio, or Apocha, because Acceptitatio may bée by word without writing, & is nothing but a fayned payment and discharge, though no paimēt be had, And Apocha is a writing witnessing the paiment or deliuerie of money which dischargeth not vnles the money be paid.

24 Actes.

ACtes of parliament, are positiue Lawes which consist of two partes, that is to say of the wordes of the Acte, & of the sence thereof & they both ioined together make the law.

Additions.

ADdition, is that which is giuen vnto a man ouer and besides his proper name & sirname, that is to say, to shew of what estate or degree or mysterie hée is, and of what Towne or Hamlett or Countie.

[Page]Additions of estate are these, yeoman, gentleman, Esquire and such like.

Additions of degrée are those that we call names of dignitye as Knight, Er [...]e, Marques & Duke.

Additions of misterie are such, scriuener, painter, mason, carpenter, tailor, smith, and so all other of like nature, for mistery is the craft or occupation whereby a man getteth his liuing.

Additions of towns as Sale, Dale, and such others, & so of the rest.

And where a man hath houshold in two places he shalbe said to dwell in both of them so that his addition in one of them doth suffice.

By the statute the first yéere of H. the 5. & Chapter the 5. it was ordeined that in sutes or in actions where proces of v [...]lagary lyeth, such addityons should be to the name of the def. to shew his estate mysterie and place where he dwelleth, and that such writs shall abate, if they haue not such additions, [Page 13] if the defendant take exception thereto, but they shall not abate by the office of the Court.

Also Duke, Marques, Earle, or Knight, bée none of that addition but names of dignitie, which should haue bin giuen before the Statute.

And this was ordeined by the said Statute made in the first yeare of king H. the 5. Cap. 5. to the intent, that one man might not bée gréeued nor troubled by the v [...]larie of an other: but that by reason of the certaine addition, euery man might be certainly knowen and beare his owne burden.

26 Adiournement.

ADiournement is when any Court is dissolued & determined and assigned to be kept againe at another place or time, and me thinketh is compounded of two words (ad) or (al) and iour.

27 Admeasurement de Dower.

ADmesuremēt de dower is a writ, and it lyeth [Page] where a womā is indowed by an infaunt, or by a gardein of more then shée ought to haue, the heire in such case shall haue this writ, by the which y^• woman shall be admeasured, & the heire restored to the ouerplus. But if one abate, y^• is to say, one which hath right entreth after the death of the husbād, & endowe the wife of him which is dead, of more then she ought to haue, the heire shall not haue this writ, but assise of mortdaficester against the woman, & if she plede that she was endowed of the land as of the fréeholde of her husbād, the heire shal shew how she was endowed by the abator & that shée had more then shée ought to haue, & shal pray that hée may be restored to the surplusage, and if it be found he shal be restored.

Admeasurement de pasture.

ADmeasurement de pasture is a writ & it lieth where many tenāts haue common appendant in an other ground & one ouerchargeth [Page 14] the cōmon with manie beasts: Thē the other cōmoners may haue this writte against him, & also it may be brought by one commoner onely, but then it behoueth to bee brought against all the other cōmoners, & against him that surcharged, for y^• all the commoners shal be admeasured.

And this writ lieth not against him, nor for him y^• hath common appurtenant or common ingrosse, but thē which haue common appēdant, or commō by cause of visinage.

See the diuersitie of all these cōmons afterwards

Also this writ lieth not for the Lorde, nor against the lord, but the lord may distrain the beasts of the tenāt that be surplusage. But if y^• lord ouercharge the common▪ the commoner hath no remedie by the common law, but an Assise of his common.

29 Administrator.

ADminist. is he to whom the ordinary cōmitteth the administration of the [Page] goods of a dead man for default of an executor, and an action shall lie against him and for him as for an executor, & he shalbe charged to the value of the goods of the dead man and no further, if it bee nor by his ow̄ne false plée, or for that that he hath wasted the goods of the dead: but if▪ the administrator die, his executors bee not administrators, but it behoueth the Ordinarie to cō mit a new administration: but if a stranger that is not administrator nor executor take the goods of the dead, & administer of his own wrong, he shalbe charged & sued as an executor, and not as administrator in any action that is brought against him by anie creditor. But if the ordinary make a letter ad Colligēdū bona defuncti, he that hath such a letter is not administrator, but the action lyeth against the Ordinary aswel as if he tooke the goods to his own hand, or by the hand of any of his seruants by any other commandemēt.

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30 ¶ Admirall.

ADmirall is an officer vnder the Quéene, y^t hath authority vpon the Sea onely to sée the nauy prepared and maintained to suppresse and chase away robbers and rouers, and to iudge of contracts, betwéene partie & partie, concerning things done vpon & beyond the seas, and for that purpose hath his courte called the Admiraltie. Hee may cause his Citation to be serued vpon the land & take the parties bodie or goods in execution vpon the land.

And also he hath cognisance of the death or maihem of a man committed in any great ship fléeting in great riuers in the realm, beneath y^e bridges of the same next the sea.

Also to arrest ships in the great streames for the voyages of the Quéene & Realme, and hath iurisdiction in the said stremes during the same viages.

31 ¶ Ad quod dampnū.

AD quod dampnum is a writte which ought to [Page] be sued before the K. grāt certaine liberties: As a faire, market, or such like which may be preiudicial to others. And by it shall be inquired if it should be a preiudice to grant thē, and to whome it shall be preiudicial, and what preiudice shal come thereby.

¶ Aduowson.

ADuovvson is where a man & his heires haue right to present their clerk to the Ordinarie to a parsonage, or other spirituall benefice when it becommeth void. And he which hath such right to present is called Patron.

¶ Age prier.

AGe prier is whē an actiō is brought against an infant of lands which hee hath by discent, there he shal shew the matter to the court, & shal pray that the action may stay til his full age of xxi. yeres, & so by award of the Courte the suit shal surcease.

But in a writ of dovver and in Assise, and also in such actions wher the infant [Page 16] is supposed to come to the land demanded by his owne wrong, he shall not haue his age.

Also note wel that there be many diuersities of ages, for the Lorde shall haue aide of his tenant in Socage for to marie his daughter, when y^e daughter of the Lorde is of the age of seuen yeeres. And also ayde for to make his sonne and heire knight, when hee is of the age of seuen yeeres. Also a woman which is maried at the age of ix. yeeres, if her husbande die seised shall haue Dower, and not before nine yeres.

Also xiiii. yeeres is the age of a woman that shee shal not be in ward if shee were of such age at y^t time of the death of her auncestor, but if she were within the age of xiiii. yeres, & in ward of the Lord, then she shalbe in ward till the age of xvi. yeres. And also xxi. yeres is the age of the heir male to be in ward, & after y^• out of ward. And also it is y^• age of male & female to sue & to be sued of [Page] lands which they haue or claime by discent, and to make al maner of cōtracts and bargains, and not before: but if such an infant within y^e age of 21. yeeres giue his goods & the donée take them, the infaunt may haue action of trespas; but otherwise it is if he deliuer them himselfe.

Agreement.

AGreemēt, is after this sort defined or expounded in Master Plovvdens commentaries. Aggreamentum is a worde compounded of two wordes, namelie, of Aggregatio & Mentium, that is to say, agréement of mindes, so that agréement is a consent of mindes in some things done or to be done, and by drawing together of the two wordes, Aggregatio and mentium, & by the hastic and shorte pronouncing of thē they bee made one worde, to witte, Aggreamentum, which is no other thing then a ioyning, putting, cupling and knitting together of two or moe [Page 17] mindes in ani [...] thing done or to bee done. (Sée after in testament) And this agréement is in thrée manners.

The first is an agréement executed already at the beginning.

The second is an agréement after an acte done by another, and is an agréement executed also.

The third is an agréement executory or to be don in time yet to come.

The first which is an agreement executed already at the beginning is such▪ whereof mention is made in the statute of 25. Edw. 3. cap. 3. of clothes in the 4. statute, which saith That the goods and things bought by forestallers, being therof attainted shalbe forfaire to the Queen, if the buyer thereof haue made gree with the seller. In which case y^• word (Grée) which is otherwise called agreement, shall be vnderstoode agréement executed, that is, payment for the things.

The second maner of agréemēt is where one doth [Page] a thing, or act; & another agrées or assents thereto afterwardes as if one doe a disseisin to my vse, & afterward I agre to it, nowe I shall be a disseisor from the beginning, and such agrement is an agréement after an act done.

The third agréement is when both parties at one time are agreed that such a thing shalbe done in time to come, and this agréement is executorie in as much as the thing shall be done after, and yet there, their minds agréed at one time. But because the performance shalbe afterward and the thing vpon which the agréement was made remaines to bee done, that agréement shalbe said executorie. And that the statute of 26. H. 8. cap. 3. doth proue where it saith, that euery vicar, parson & such like &c. before their actuall possession, or medling w^t the profites of their benefices shall satisfie, contēt &c. or agrée to paye to the Q. the first fruits &c. and if any such parson or vicar, &c. enter in actuall possession, [Page 18] &c. this agréement is to be vnderstoode executory as the common vse proues, for it is vsed that hee with one or two with him doe make two or three obligations for it to bee paied at certaine daies after, and this agreement executorie is deuided into tw̄o points. One is an agreement executorie which is certaine at the beginning, as is said last before of the first fruits.

The other is where the certaintie doth not appeare at the first, and the parties are agreed that the thing shall be performed or paide vpon the certaintie knowē as if one sell to another all his wheate in such a tasse in his barne vnthreshed, and it is agréed betwéene them that he shall paie for euery bushel xii▪ d. when it is threshed, cleaned and measured.

35 ¶ Ayde.

AYde, is when tenaunt for terme of life▪ tenaunt in dower, tenant by curtesie, or tenant in taile after possibilitie of issue extinct [Page] is impleaded then for that they haue no estate but for terme of life, they shall pray in ayde of him in the reuersion and proces shall bee made by writ against him, to come & plead with the tenant in the defence of the land if hee will, but it behooueth that they agree in the plée, for if they vary, the plee of the tenant shall be taken and then the aide prayer is void, but if hee come not at the second writ, then the tenaunt shall answere sole.

Also tenant for terme of yeeres, tenant at will, tenant by Elegit, and tenant by statute merchant, shall haue aide of him in the reuersion, and the seruant & bayly of their master, when they haue done anie thing lawfully in y^e right of their master, shal haue aide.

¶ Ayde de Roy.

AIde of the king, is in like case as it is saide before of a common person, and also in many other cases where the king may haue losse, although that the tenaunt bee tenaunt in fée [Page 19] simple hee shall haue aide, As if a rent be demaunded against the kings tenaunt, which holdeth in chiefe, he shal haue aid and so he shall not of a common person.

And where a Citie or Borough hath a fée farme of the king, and any thing be demaunded against thē which belongeth to the fée farme, they shal haue ayde for the losse of the king.

Also a man shall haue aide of the King in the steede of voucher. Also the Kings Bailife, the Collector, and Purueyour shall haue ayde of the King, as well as the officers of other persons.

¶ Ayle.

AYle is a writ which lyeth where lande discendeth from the graundfather to his nephews▪ s. the sonne or daughter of the sonne of the graundfather, the father being dead before the entrie by him, and one abateth, the heire shall haue against the abator this writ.

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Alien.

ALien is he whose father and himselfe were both borne out of the Queenes legeance, and if such an alien being none of the Q. enemies, but an aliē friend come and dwell here in England and haue issue, this issue is not alien but English. So if an English man go ouer the seas with the Quéenes licēce and there hath issue, this issue is no alien.

Alienation.

ALienation, is as much to saye, as to make a thing another mans, or to alter or put the possessiō of lands or other thing from one man to another.

Ambidexter.

AMbidexter, is hee that when a matter is in suit betweene men, taketh money of the one side and of the other, either to labor the suit or such like, or if he be of the Iury, to saye his verdict.

Amendement.

AMendement, is whē errour is in the Proces, [Page 20] the Iustices may amend it after iudgement. But if there bee errour in giuing of iudgement, they may not amend it, but the partie is put to his writte of error. And in many cases where the default appeareth in the clarke that writ the Record it shall be amēded: But such things as come by information of the party as the towne, mistery, and such like, shal not bee amended, for hee must informe true vpon his perill.

42 Amercement.

AMercement, most properly is a penaltie assessed by the piers or equales of the party amerced, for an offence done, as for lack of suit of Court, or for not amending of some thing that he was appointed to redresse by a certaine time before, or for such like cause, in which case, the partie which offēdeth putteth himselfe in the mercy of the king or Lorde, and thereupon this penaltie is called Amercement.

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Amercement royall.

AMercement royall, is when a Shirife, Coroner or other such Officer of the Queene is amerced by the Iustices for his abuse in the office, séeke if it shall not be said a fine.

An, iour & wast.

AN, iour & wast, is a forfaiture whē a man hath committed petit treason, or felony, and hath landes which he holdeth of some comon person, which shall be seised for the Quéene, and remaine in her hands by the space of one yéere & a day next after the attainder, and then the trées shalbe digged vp, the houses shalbee rased & pulled downe, and the pastures & meadowes [...]yred and plowed vp, so y^t he to whome the lande should come by eschete or forfaiture do not redeeme it of the King, a thing the more to greeue the offenders and terrifie others to fall into the like, in shewing how the lawe doth detest their offence so farre foorth as that it doth execute iudgement & [Page 21] punishmēt euen vpō their dumme & dead things.

45 Annuitie.

ANnuitie, is a certaine summe of money granted to another in fée simple, fée taile, for terme of life, or for terme of yéeres, to receiue of the grauntor or of his heires, so that no fréeholde is charged therewith, whereof a man shall neuer haue assise nor other action, but a writ of Annuitie, and it is none assets to the heire of the grauntée to whome it shall discend.

46 Apppeale.

APpeale, is where one hath done murder, robbery or mayhem, then the wife of him that is slaine shal haue an action of appeale against the murtherer, but if he haue no wife then his next heire male shall haue the appeale at any time within a yéere and a day after the déede, And also he that is so robbed or mayhemed shal haue his appeale, and if the defendant be acquited, he shall [Page] recouer damages against the appellor and thabbettors, and they shal haue the imprisonment of a yeere and shall make fine to the King. An appeale of maihem is in manner but a trespas, for hee shall recouer but damages.

¶ Appellant.

Appellant, is the plaintife in the appeale.

¶ Appellour.

APpellour or Approuer, is he who hath committed some felonie which he confesseth and nowe appealeth or approueth, that is to say, accuseth others which were coadiutors or helpers with him in doing the same or other felonies, which thing he wil approue and therefore is called in latine probator.

Appendant & appurtenant.

Appendant & appurtenāt, are things that by time of prescription haue belonged, appertained, and are ioyned to another principall thing, by which [Page 22] they passe and go as accessarie to the same principal thing, by vertue of these woordes Pertinentijs: as landes, aduowsons, commons, piscaries, wayes, courtes, and diuers such like, to a mannor, house, office, or such others.

50 Apporcionment.

APporcionment is a deuiding into partes of a rent (which is deuidable and not intier or whole) & forasmuch as the thing out of which it was to be paied is seperated and deuided, the rent also shal be deuided hauing respect to the partes. As if a man haue a rent seruice issuing out of landes, and he purchaseth parcell of the land, the rent shalbe apportioned, according to the value of the land.

So if a man hold his lande of an other by homage, fealtie, escuage, and certain rent, if the Lord of whom the lande is holden purchase parcel of the land the rēt shal be apportioned.

Also if a man let landes for yéeres reseruing rent, and after a Stranger recovereth [Page] part of the lande, then the rent shal be apportioned, that is to say deuided, & the lessée shal pay hauing respect to that which is recouered, and to that which yet remaines in his handes according to the value.

But a rent charge cānot be apportioned, nor things that are entier: As if one hold land by seruice to pay to his Lord yéerely at such a feast, a Horse, a Hauke, a Rose, a cherie, or such like, there if the Lord purchase parcell of the land, this seruice is gone altogether, because a Horse, a Hauke, a Rose, a cherie, and such other cannot be deuided, seuered, or apportioned without hurt to the whole.

Appropriations.

APpropriatiōs were whē those houses of the Romishe Religion, and those Religious persons, as Abbots, Priors, and such like, had the aduowson of any parsonage to them and to their successors, and obtayned licence of their [Page 23] holy father the Pope, and of the Ordinarie & King, that they themselues, and their successors from thēce foorth should bée parsons there, and that it shall bée from thence foorth a vicarage, and that the Vicar shall serue the cure. And so at the beginning Appropriations were made onely to those persons spirituall that could minister the Sacraments, and say deuine seruice, as Abbots, Priors, Deanes, and such like. After by a little and little they were inlarged & made to other, as namely to a Deane and Chapter, which is a body corporate consisting of many, which body together could not say deuine seruice, and that more was to Nunnes that were Prioresses of some Nunrie, which was a wicked thing, insomuch as they could neither minister Sacramentes nor preach, nor say diuine seruice to the parishioners.

And all this was vpon pretence of hospitalitie & maintenance thereof. And to supplie these defectes [Page] a vicar was deuised, who should bée Deputie to the Priores, or to the Deane and Chapter, and also at the last to the said Abbots and others to say deuine seruice, & should haue for his labour but a little portion, and they to whom the appropriations were made shoulde retayne the great reuenues, and they did nothing for it, by meanes whereof hospitalitie decayed in the place where it ought to haue béen chiefly maintained, namely in the parishe where the benefice was, and where the profits did grow, & so it continueth to this day, to the great hinderance of learning, to the impouerishment of the ministerie, and to the infamie of the Gospel and professors thereof.

The Vicar shall haue certaine portion of the benefice, and the Abbot and the Couent shall bée parsons and shall haue the other profits: This is called Appropriation, & then the Abbot & Couent shall bée parsons imparsonées. But such Appropriation [Page 24] may not bée made to begin in the life of the parson without his assent.

But if such aduowsons of the parsonage bée recouered by ancient title, then the Appropriation is adnulled. And it is called appropriation, for that they hold the profites to their owne proper vse.

52 Approuement.

APprouement is where a man hath common in the Lordes wast ground, & the Lord incloseth parte of the wast for himself, leauing neuerthelesse sufficient common with egresse and regresse for the commoners: This inclosing is called approuement.

53 Arbitrement.

ARbitrement is an award, determination or iudgement, which one or moe maketh at the request of two parties at the least, for, & vpon some debt, trespasse, or other controuersie had betwéene the said parties. And this is called in Latin Arbitratus and Arbitrium, [Page] and they that make the award or arbitrement are called Arbitri, in English Arbitrators.

Arrest.

ARrest is when one is taken and restrayned from his libertie. None shalbe arrested for dette, trespasse, detinue, or other cause of action, but by vertue of a precept or commaundement out of some Court. But for Treason, Felonie, or breaking of the peace, euery man hath aucthoritie to arrest without warrant or precept. And where one shalbe arrested for felonie, it behooueth that some felonie be done, and that he bée suspected of the same Felonie, or otherwise hée may haue agaynst hym that so dyd arrest hym, a writte of false imprisonment. And when anie man shall bée arrested for Felonie, hée shalbée brought to the Gayle, there to abide vntill the next Sessions for to bée indicted, or for to be deliuered by Proclamation.

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55 Arrerages.

ARrerages are duties behinde vnpaide after the dayes and times in which they were due, and ought to haue béene payd whether they be rent of a manor or any other thing reserued.

56 Assets.

ASsets is in two sortes, the one called (assets per discent) the other (assets enter maines.) Assets per discent is where a man is bound in an obligation, & dieth seysed of lands in fée simple, which descēd to his heire, then his land shalbe called assets, that is to say, enough or sufficient to pay the same debt, and by that meanes the heire shall bée charged as far as the land so to him discended will stretch. But if he haue aliened before the Obligation be put in suite he is discharged.

Also when a man seysed of landes in tayle, or in the right of his wife alieneth the same with warrantie, and hath in value as much landes in [Page] fée simple, which discendeth to his heire, who is also heire in taile or heire to the woman. Now if the heire after the decease of his ancestor bring a writ of Formedon, or sur cui in vita, for the lād so aliened, then he shall bée barred by reason of the warrantie and the land so discended, which is as much in value as that was solde, and so thereby hée hath receyued no preiudice, and therefore this lande is called Assets per discent.

Assets enter maines is whē a man indebted, as before is said, maketh executors, and leaueth to them sufficient to pay, or some cōmodity or profite is come vnto them in right of their testatour, this is said assets in their hands.

Assignee.

ASsignee is hée to whom a thing is appointed or assigned to bée occupied, paide or done, & is alwaies such a person, which occupieth or hath the thing so assigned in his owne right and for himselfe, [Page 26] and of assignes there bée two sortes, namely, Assignee in déed and Assignée in law. Assignée in déede is when a leas is graūted to a man, or to his assignes or without those wordes, assignes, and the grauntée giueth graunteth or selleth the same lease to an other, he is his assignée in déede. Assignée in [...]awe is euery executor named by the testator in his testament, As if a lease be made to a man and to his assignes (as is aforesaid) & he maketh his executors and dieth without assignement of the leas to any other, Now the executors shall haue the same lease, because they are his assignes in law. And so it is in other cases.

58 Assise.

ASsise is a writ and it lieth where any m [...]n is put out of his landes, or tenementes, or of anie profite to bee taken in a certaine place and so disseised of his fréehold. Fréeholde to anie manne is where he is seised o [...] lands and tenementes or profite to bée taken in fée simple, [Page] fée tayle, for terme of his owne life or for terme of an other mans life. But the tenaunt by Elegit, tenaunt by statute marchant and Statute staple may haue assise, howbeit that they haue no fréehold and this is ordeined by diuerse statutes.

Also in an assise it is néedfull alwaies that there be one disseysor and one tenant or otherwise the writ shall abate.

Also where a man is disseysed and recouereth by assise of nouel disseisin and afterwarde is againe disseised by the same disseisor, hée shall haue against him a writte of redisseisin directed to the Sherife to make inquisition, and if the redisseisin bée founde hée shall be sent to pryson. Also if one recouer by assise of Mortd. or by other iurie or default or by reddition, and if he bée an other time disseysed, then hée shall haue a writte of Post disseisin, and he which is taken and imprisoned for redisseisin shall not bée deliuered without speciall [Page 27] commaundement of the King. Sée the Statutes thereof Merton cap. 3. Marlebridge cap. 8. And westminster 2. Chapter 26. There is also an other Assise called Assise of Fresh force, & lieth where a man is disseysed of tenementes which are diuisible, as in the Citie of London or other Boroughs or Townes that be Fraunchises, then the defendaunt shall come into the Court of the said Towne and enter his playnt, and shall haue a writ directed to the Maior or Baylifes &c. and thereupō shal passe a Iurie in manner of assise of nouel disseisin. But it behooueth that he doe enter his plaint within fortie dayes as it is said or otherwise he shalbe sent to the common law. And if the Officers delay the execution, then the plaintife shall haue an other writ to haue execution, And a Sicut alias, and a Pluries &c. Sée Litt▪ cap. Rents, Assise is a worde of two significations.

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¶ Assise de darraine presentment.

ASsise de darraine presentment, look therof after in y^• title Quare impedit

¶ Assise de Mortdancester.

ASsise de Mortdancester, looke thereof in the title Cosinage.

¶ Attainder.

ATtainder, is a conuictiō of any person of a crime, or faulte whereof hee was not conuict before, as if a man haue committed felony, treason, or such like, and thereof is indicted, arraigned and found guiltie and hath iudgement, then hee is said to be attainted, and this may bee two waies, the one vpon apparāce, the other vpon default, the attainder vpon apparance is by confession battaile or verdict, the attainder vpon default is by processe vntill he be outlawed.

¶ Attaint.

ATtaint, is a writ and lieth where false verdict is giuen by twelue men, & [Page 28] iudgement giuen thereon, that the partie agaynst whome they haue passed, shall haue a writ against the twelue men, and when they be at issue it shall bee tried by xxiiii. Iurors, and if the false verdict be found, the twelue men be attaint, and then the iudgement shall bee, that their meddowes shall be ayred, their houses broken downe, their woods turned vp, and all their landes and tenemēts forfaited to the king, but if it passe against him that brought that attaint, he shall be imprisoned and grieuously raunsomed at the kinges will. Sée the statute 23. H. 8. cap. 3. Attaint also is when iugemēt is giuē in Treason or Felonie.

63 Attournement.

ATtournement, is when one is tenaunt for terme of life, and he in reuersion or remainder granteth his right or estate to another, then it behoueth the tenant for terme of life to agree thereto, and this agreement is called an Attournment, [Page] for if he in the reuersion graunt his estate and his right to another, if the tenant for terme of life atturne not, nothing passeth by the graunt.

But if it be graunted by fine in Court of record hee shalbe cōpelled to atturne, And looke thereof after in the title Quid iuris clamat, looke more of this in Littleton Lib. 3. chap. 10.

¶ Audita quaerela.

AVdita quaerela, is a writ and it lieth where one is bounde in a Statute marchant, statute Staple or Recognisance, or where iudgemēt is giuen against him for debt and his bodie in execution thereupon, thē if hee haue a release or other matter sufficient to be discharged of execution but hath no day in Court there to pleade it, then hee shall haue this writte against him which hath recouered, or against his executors.

¶ Auerment.

AVerment, is where a man pleadeth a plée in abatment [Page 29] of the writ or bar of y^• action, which he saieth he is readie to proue as the court will awarde, this offer to proue his plee is called an Auerment.

66 ¶ Auerpeny.

AVerpenie, that is to bee quit of diuers summes of money for the kings Auerages.

67 Auncien demesne.

Auncien demesne are certaine tenures holden of those Manors that were in the hands of Saint Edward the confessor, and the which he made to be written in a Booke called Domes daie, Sub titulo Regis, and all the landes holden of the said Manors bée auncien demesne, and the tenaunts shall not bee impleaded out of the saide Mannors, and if they be, they may shew the matter and abate the writ, but if they answere to the writ, and iudgement be giuen, then the landes become franke fée for euer. Also the tenaunts in auncient demesne, be frée of tolle for all [Page] things concerning their sustenance and husbandry in auncien demesne, and for such landes they shall not bee put or impanelled vpon any inquest. But all the landes in auncien demesne, that are in y^• kings hands, bee franke fee and pleadable at the Common lawe. See more after in the title Sokemans.

Auowrie.

AVowrie, is where one taketh a distresse for rēt or other thing, and the other sueth repleuin, then he that hath taken it shall iustifie in his plée, for what cause he tooke it, and if he tooke it in his owne right hee ought to shewe that, and so auowe the taking, & that is called his auowry: but if he tooke y^• in or for the right of another, then when hee hath shewed the cause, hee shall make conusance of the taking, as bailie or seruaunt to him in whose right hee did take it.

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B.

69 Baile.

BAile, is when a man is taken or arrested for felonie, suspition of felonie, indicted of felonie, or any such case, so that he is restrained of his libertie. And being by law baylable, offereth surety to those which haue authoritie to ba [...]le him, which suerties are bound for him to the Quéenes vse in a certaine summe of money, or bodie for bodie, that hee shall appeare before the Iustices of Gaole deliuerie at the next Sessions &c. Then vpon the bondes of these suerties, as is aforesaid, he is bailed, that is to saye, set at libertie vntil the day appointed for his appearance.

Bailement.

BAilement, is a deliuerie of things whether it be of writings, goods or stuffe to another, sometimes to be deliuered back to the bailor, that is to saye [Page] to him that so deliuered it, sometimes to the vse of the bailife, that is to saye, of him to whome it is deliuered, and sometimes also it is deliuered to a thirde person, this deliuerie is called a bailement.

Bailife.

BAilife is an officer that belongeth to a mannor, to order the husbandrye, and hath auctoritie to paye quite rents issuing out of the mannor, fell trees, repaire houses, make pales, hedges, distraine beastes dooing hurt vpon the ground, and diuers such like.

This officer is he whom the auncient Saxons called a Reeue, for the name Bailife was not yet knowen amongst them, but came in with the Normans, and is called in Latin Villicus.

Back berind theefe.

BAck berinde theefe is a theefe that is taken with the maner, that is to say, hauing that found vpon him (being followed [Page 31] with the hue and crie) which hee hath stollen, whether it be money, lynnen, wollen, or other stuffe, but it is most properly said, when he is taken carying those things that he hath stollen in a bundell or fardel on his backe.

73 Bargaine and sale.

Bargaine and sale is whē a recompence is giuen by both the parties to the bargaine: as if one bargain and sell his land to an other for money, heere the land is a recompēce to him for the money, & the money is a recompence to the other for the land, & this is a good contract & bargaine, and fee simple passeth notwithstanding hee doeth not saye to haue and to hold the land to him and to his heires. And by such a bargaine and sale landes may passe without liuerie of seisin, if the bargaine & sale be by déede indented, sealed & inrolled, either in the countie where the land lieth, or in one of the Q. courts of record at westminster w^tin vi. moneths [Page] next after the date of the same writing indented, according to the statute in that behalfe made in the 27 peere of H. 8. ca 16.

Barre.

BArre, is when the defendant in any action pleadeth a plee which is a sufficient aunswere, and that destroyeth the action of the plaintife for euer.

Base fee.

TO hold in Fee base, is to holde at the wil of the Lorde.

Bastardie.

BAstardie, is hee that is borne of any woman not married, so that his father is not knowen by the order of the lawe, and therefore he is called the childe of the people.

But by the law of the Romish Church, if one get a child vpon a woman which childe is borne out of wedlocke, and after hee marrie the same woman, then such a childe shall bee saide Mulier, and not bastarde.

[Page 32]But by the law of England he is a bastarde, and for that cause when such special bastardie is alleaged, it shalbee tryed by the countrey, and not by the Bishop. But generally bastardie alleaged shalbee tryed by the certificate of the Bishop.

And if a woman be great with childe by her husband who dyeth, and shee taketh an other husbande, and after the chylde is borne, this chylde shal be said the childe of the first husbande. But if shee were priuily with childe at the time of the death of her first husbande, then it shalbe said the child of the second husband. But inquire farther and see the opiniō of Thorp 21. E. 3. 39

Also if a man take a wi [...]e which is great with child by another that was not her husband, and after the childe is borne within the espousels, then it shall bee said the childe of the husband, though it were borne but one daye after the espousels solemnised.

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Battaile.

BAttaile is an auncient trial in our lawe, which the defendant in an appeal of murder, robberie, or felonie may chuse, that is to say, to fight with the appellant, for proofe whether he be culpable of the felonie or not: which combate, if it fall out so well on the part of the defendant that he doth vanquish the appellant, he shal go quit & barre him of his appeal for euer. But if one be indicted of felony, & an appeal is brought vpon y^• same indictment, there the defendant shall not wage battaile: battaile also may be in a writ of right.

Bigamy.

BIgamy, was a counterplea (deuised at y^• councel of Lions, vpon mislike of second mariage) to be obiected when the prisoner demaundeth the benefite of the clergye, to wit his booke, as namely to say, that he which demandeth the priuiledge of the clergy, was maried to such a woman, at such a place, [Page 33] within such a diocesse, and that shee is dead, and that hee hath married another woman within the same dioces or within some other dioces, and so is Bigamus. Or if he haue béen but once maried, then to saye, that shee whome hee hath married, is or was a widowe, that is to saye, the left woman of such a one &c. which thing shall be tryed by the Bishop of the Dioces where the mariages are alleadged. And being so certified by the Bishop, the prisoner shall loose the benefite of the clergie. But at this day by force of the acte made in An. 1. E. 6. ca. 12. this is no plea, but that he may haue his clergie that notwithstanding.

So is Brook titulo clergie placito 20▪ to the same purpose. And hereupon if you bee desirous to sée what reasons they haue that perswade against second marriages, read amōg many others Frances Petrarche of remedies for both fortunes, the first booke & lxxvi. Dialogue, [Page] intituled of second marriage, which Booke now of late Master Thomas Twyne, hath very well▪ & with good grace (as they that can iudge do say) trā slated out of Latin into English, and most aptly called it Phisicke against fortune.

Bloodwit.

BLoodwit, that is, to bée quit of amercementes for bloudshedding, and what pleas are holden in your court, you shall haue the amercementes thereof comming, because (wit) in English is misericordia in Latin.

Boote.

BOote, is an old worde, & signifieth helpe, succor, ay [...]t or aduantage, and is commonly ioyned with an other worde, whose signification it doth augment, as these, bridgboot, burghboot, fireboote, hedgeboot, plowboote and diuerse others such like, for whose significations look in their proper titles.

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81 Broodhalpeny.

BRoodhalpeny, in some copies, broodhalbeny, that is to be quit of a certaine custome exacted for setting vp of tables.

82 Burgage.

TO hold in Burgage, is to hold as if y^e Burgeis holde of the King, or of another lord landes or tenements, yeelding to him a certain rent by y^e yere, or els there, where an other man then burgeis holdeth of any lord lands or tenemēts in burgage yéelding to him a certaine rent by yeere.

83 Brugbote.

BRugbote (and in some copies Bridgbote) that is to bee quit of giuing aide to the repayring of bridges.

84 Burghbote.

BVrghbote, that is to be quite of giuing ayde to make a Borough, cattell, citie, or walles throwne downe.

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Burghbrech.

BVrghbrech, that is to be quit of trespasses done in Citie or Borough against the peace.

Burgh English:

BVrgh English, or Borough English, is a custome in some ancient borough, that if a man haue issue diuers sonnes & dyeth, yet the yongest sonne only shal inherite and haue all the lands & tenements that were his fathers, whereo [...] hee dyed seised within the same burgh by discent, as heire to his father by force of the custome of the same borough.

Burglarie.

BVrglarie, is when one breaketh & entreth into the house of another in the night with felonious intent to robbe or kill, or to doe some other felony, in which cases although hee carrie away nothing, yet is it felony▪ for which hee shall suffer death. Otherwise it is, if it bee in the day time, or that hee [Page 35] breake the house in the night, and enter not therin at that time.

But if a seruaunt will conspire with other men to robbe his Master, & to that intent he openeth his Masters doores and windows in y^• night for them, that they come into the house by that way, this is Burglarie in the strangers, and the seruant is a thee [...]e but no Burglar. And this was the opinion of the right worshipfull sir R. Manwood knight, most worthie Lord [...] chiefe Baron of the Eschequer, at the quarter Sessions holden at Canterbury in Ianuary 1579. 21. Eliz.

88 Capias.

CApias, looke for that after in the title Proces.

89 Caruage.

CAruage, that is, to bee quite if the king shall taxe al his land by carues. Note that a Carue of land is a Plow land.

90 Certification of assise.

CErtification of Assise of nouel disseisin, is a [Page] writ, and lieth where the Batlife of the tenant pleadeth no wrong, &c. & loseth by the Assise, then if the tenant haue a release or other writing to plead hée shall haue this writ, and the first Iurors shall bée warned to appeare before the Iustices and the parties also, then if it may be found that the release or writings are true & good, hée that recouered in the Assise shall yéelde double dammages, and shall lose the land.

Cerciorari.

CErciorari, is a writ and it lieth where one is impleaded in a base court, that is of record, and he supposeth that he may not haue equall Iustice there, then vpon a bill in the Chancery comprising some matter of conscience he shall haue this writ to remoue all the Record in the Chancery & there to be determined by conscience, but if he proue not his bill, then the other partie shall haue a writ of Procedendo, to send againe the Record into the [Page 36] base court, & there to be determined. And it lieth in many other cases, for to remoue records for the king as indictments and other.

92 Cession.

CEssion is when an Ecclesiasticall persō is created Bishop, or whē a parson of a parsonage taketh another benefice without dispensation or otherwise not qualified &c. In both cases their first benefices are become void, & be said to become void by cession, and to those that hée had who was created bishop, The king shall present for the time whosoeuer be patron of thē. And in y^• other case the patrō may presēt.

93 Cessauit.

CEssauit, is a writ, and it lyeth where my verie tenant which holdeth of mée certaine lands and tenements, yéelding certaine rent by the yere, & the rent is behind not paid by two yeres, and no sufficient distresse may be found vpon the lande, then I shall recouer the lande, but if the [Page] tenant come into the court before iudgement giuen, and tender the arrerages and dammages, and finde suertie, that he shall cesse no more in payment of the sayde rent, I shalbe compelled to take the arrerages and the damages, and then the tenaunt shall not loose the lande. Also the heire may not maintayne this writte for the cesser made in the time of his ancestor, Also this writ lieth not but for Annuei [...] seruice as rent and such other and not for homage and fealtie.

Also there is an other writ called Cessauit de cā taria, and it lieth where a man giueth land to a house of religion to finde for his soule and his auncestors, and his heires, yéerely a Lampe in the Church, or to say deuine seruice or to féede the poore, or other almes, or some other thing to doe, then if the said charge be not done in two yéeres, then the donor or his heirs shal haue this writ against whosoeuer holdeth the thinges giuen alter such [Page 37] cessure. Sée the Statute w. 2. cap. 41.

94 Challenge.

CHallenge, is where Iutors appeare to trie an issue, then if any of the parties suppose that they are not indifferent they may there challenge and refuse them.

There be diuers challenges, one is challenge to the array, y^t other to the polls.

Challenge to tharray, is when the panell is fauorably made by the Shirife or other officer.

Challenge by polies are some principall and some by cause as they call it.

Principall, is when one of the Iurors is the sonne, brother or cousin, to the plaintife or defendāt, or tenant to him or that he hath espoused the daughter of the plaintife, and for those causes he shal be w^tdrawen.

Also in a plée of the death of the man and in euerie action real and in actions personall, if the debt or dammages amount to fortie markes it is a good challenge, that hée cannot [Page] dispend xl. s. by the yéere of fréehold.

Challenge by cause, is where the party doeth alleage a matter which is no principall challenge, as that the Sonne of one of the Iurors hath espoused the daughter of the plaintife, and then hée doth conclude, and therefore hée is fauorable, which shall bée tried by others of thenquest, whether he be fauorable or indifferent, and if they say, y^• he is fauorable and not indifferent, then he shalbe drawen out, otherwise he shalbe sworne.

Also a felon that is arraigned may challenge xx. Iurors peremptory without any case, and that is in fauour of life, and as many as he will with cause, but then it shall bee tried if for such cause he be indifferent or not.

Champertie.

CHampertie is a writte and lyeth where two men bée impleading, and one giueth the halfe or part of the thing in plée to a Straunger for to maintain [Page 38] him against the other, then the partie gréeued shal haue this writ against the straunger. Sée the Statute Articuli super Chartas cap. 11.

96 Champertors.

CHampertors be they that moue plées and suites, or cause to bee moued by their owne or others procurement, and sue them at their owne costes, to haue part of the lands, or gaines in variance.

97 Charge.

CHarge is where a man graunteth a rent issuing out of his ground, and that if the rent be behind, it shalbe lawfull for him, his heires and assignes to distrayne till the rent bée payed, this is called a rent charge. But if one graunt a 'rent charge out of the land of an other, and after purchase the lād, the grant is void.

98 Charters.

CHarters of landes are writings, déeds, euidē ces, & instrumēts, made frō one man to an other, vpon [Page] some estate cōueied or passed betweene them of lands or tenements she wing the names, place and quantity of the land, the estate, time & maner o [...] the doing therof, the parties to the estate deliuered & taken, the witnesses present at the same, with other circumstances.

Chattels.

CHattels, are in two sorts that is to say, chattels reals and chattels personels, Chattels reals are leases for yeeres, wards, & to hold at will.

Chattels personels are all moueable goods, as money, plate, houshold stuffe, horses, kyne, corne, and such like.

Childwit.

CHildwit, that is, that you may take a fine of your bondwoman, defiled and begotten with childe without your licence.

Chimin.

CHimin, is the high way where euery man goeth which is called via Regia, and yet the King hath no [Page 39] other thing there but the passage for him & his people, for the freeholde is in the Lords of the soyle, and all the profit growing there, as trees and other things.

102 Thing in action.

THing in action, is when a mā hath cause, or may bring an action for some duetie due to him, as an action of debt vpon an obligation, annuitie, rente, couenant, warde, goods, trespas or such like, and because that they are things whereof a man is not possessed, but for recouerie of them is driuen to his action, they are called Thinges in action. And those things in action that are certaine, the Quéene may graunt, and the grantée may vse an action for them in his owne name on [...]lie. But a common person cannot graunt his thing in action, nor the Quéene her selfe cannot graunt her thing in action which is vncertain, as trespasse and such like.

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Cinque ports.

CInque ports, be certaine hauen townes, fiue in number, to which haue béen graunted long time since many liberties (that other porte townes haue not) and that first in the time of King Edwarde called the Confessor (who was before the conquest) and hath béene increased since, and that chiefly in the daies of the thrée Edwards, the first, the second, and third (since the Conquest) as appeareth in the booke of Domesday, and other olde Monuments, which in this work should be too long to recite.

Circuitie of action.

CIrcuitie of action, is whē an action is rightfully brought for a duetie, but yet about the bushe, as it were, for that it might as well béen otherwise aunswered and determined, and the suite saued, and because that the same action was more then needefull, it is called circuitie of action: As if a man grant a rent charge of x. pounde [Page 40] out of his manor of Dale, and after the Grauntee disseiseth the grauntor of the same mannor of Dale, and hee bringeth an Assise and recouereth the lande, and xx. pound dammages, the which xx. pound being paied, the grauntee of the rent sueth his action for x. pounde of his rent due during the time of the disseisin, which if no disseisin had bin he must haue had, This is called circuitie of action, because it might haue béen more shortly answered, for whereas the grantor should receiue xx. pound damages, and pay x. poūd rent, he might haue receiued but the x. li. onely for the damages▪ and the grauntée might haue cut [...]e off and kept backe the other x. li. in his handes by waie of detainer for his rent, and so thereby might haue saued his action.

105 Claime.

CLaime, is a challenge by any man of the propertie or ownership of a thing which he hath not in possession, but that which is [Page] withholden frō him wrōgfully.

Clergie.

CLergie, is an auncient libertie confirmed in diuers parliaments, And it is when a man is arraigned of felonie or such like before a temporall Iudge &c. and the prisoner praieth his Clergie, that is to say, to haue his Booke, which in auncient time was as much as if hee desired to be dismissed from the temporal iudge, and to bee deliuered to the Ordinarie to purge himselfe of the same offence. And then the Iuoge shall command the Ordinarie to trie if he can reade as a Clerke in such a Booke and place as the Iudge shall appoint. And if the Ordinarie certifie the Iudge that he can, then the prisoner shall not haue iudgement to loose his life. See Stamford. lib. 2. cap. 41. and séeke the statute 18. Eliz. cap. 7.

Clerke Attaint.

CLerke Attaint, is hee which praieth his clergie [Page 41] after iudgement giuen vpon him of the Felonie, and hath his clergy allowed, such a clerke might not make his purgation.

108 Clerke Conuict.

CLerke conuict, is hee which praieth his clergie before iudgement giuen vpon him of the felonie, and hath his Clergie to him granted, such a clerke might haue his purgation. Note that this purgation was made, when hee was dismissed to the ordinarie, there to bee tried of the enquest of clerkes. And therfore now by the stat. of 18 El. c. 7. no such is put to the Ordinarie.

109 Colour.

COlour, is a fained matter, which the defendant or tenāt vseth in his barre when an action of trespas or an assise is brought against him, in which hée giueth the demaundant or plaintife a shewe at the first sight, that hee hath good cause of action, where in trothe it is no iuste cause, but only a colour and [Page] face of a cause: and it is vsed to the intent that y^• determination of the action should be by the Iudges, & not by an ignorant Iurie of xii. men. And therefore a colour ought to bee a matter in law or doubtfull to y^• common people: as for example, A. bringeth an assise of land against B. and B. saith that hee himselfe did let the same lande to one C. for terme of life, and afterwarde did graunt the reuersion to A. the demandant and after C. the tenāt for terme of life died, after whose decease, A. the demandant claiming the reuersion by force of y^• grant (wherto C. the tenant for life, did neuer atturne) entred, vpon whome B. entred, against whom A. for that entre, brings this assise &c. This is a good colour because the common people, thinke that the land will passe by the graunt without Atturnement, where inde [...]r it will not passe, &c.

Also in an action of trespasse, colour must bee giuen, and of them are [Page 42] an infinite number, one for example: in an action of trespasse for taking away the plantifes beasts the defendant saith, that before the plaintife had any thing in them▪ hee himselfe was posses [...]ed of thē as of his proper goods, & deliuered them to A. B. to deliuer them to him againe, when &c. And A. B. gaue thē vnto the plaintif, and the plaintife supposing the propertie to be in A. B. at the time of the gifte, tooke them, and the defendant tooke them from the plaintife, whereupon the plaintife bringeth an action, this is a good colour and a good plea. Sée more hereof in the Dialogues betwéene the Doct. and stud. lib. 2. cap. 13.

110 Colour of office.

COlour of office, is alwaies takē in the worst part, and signifieth an acte euill done by the countenance of an office, and it beareth a dissembling face of the right office, whereas the office is but a vaile to the falsehood, and the [Page] thing is groūded vpō vice, and the office is as a shadowe to it. But by reason of the office, and by vertue of the office are taken alwaies in the best part, and where the office is the iust cause of the thing and the thing is pursuing y^• office.

Collusion.

COllusion, is where an action is brought against another, by his own agréement if the plaintife recouer, th [...]n such recouery is called by Collusion, and in some cases the collusion shall bee inquired of as in Qu [...]re impedit, and Assise and such like, which any corporation or bodie politique bringeth against an other to the intent to haue the lande or aduowson, wherof the writ is brought into Mortmaine. But in auowrie nor in an [...]e action personal, the collusion shall not be enquired. Sée the Statute w. 2. chapt. 32. which giueth the quale ius and inquirie in such cases.

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Common ley.

COmmon lawe, is for the most parte taken three wa [...]e [...]s, First, for the laws of this Realme simplie, without anie other, as customarie lawe, ciuill law, spiritual lawe, or wha [...]soeuer else lawe ioyned vnto it, as when it is d [...]spu [...]ed in our lawes of Englande, what ought of right [...]o be determined by the commō lawe, and what by the spirituall Lawe, or Admiral [...] Court, or su [...]h like.

Secondarily it is taken for the kings Courtes▪ as the Kings Bench or common place, on [...]lie to shewe a difference between them and the base Courtes, as customarie courtes, Court Barons, County courtes, p [...]powders and such like, as when a plée of lande is remooued out of auncient demesne, because the land is franke fee and pledable at the Common Lawe, that is to saye, at the Kinges Courte, and not in Auncient demesne, or in anie other base Court.

Thirdly, and most vsually [Page] by the common lawe is vnderstood, such lawes as were generally taken and holden for lawe before any Statute was made to alter the same, as for example, Tenant for l [...]e nor for yeres, were not to bee punished for doing wast at the common law, til the statute of Gloucester, ca. 5. was made which doth giue an actiō of wast against them. But tenant by the curtesie and tenant in dower were punishable for wast at the common law▪ that is to saye, by the vsuall and common receiued lawes of the Realme before the saide statute of Gloc. was made.

Common.

COmmon, is the right, that a man hath to put his beasts to pasture, or to vse & occupy the grounde, that is not his owne.

And note that there be diuers commons, that is to saye, common in grosse, common appendant, common appurtenant, and comon because of neighborhood.

[Page 44]Common in grosse is where I by my deede grant to another that hee shall haue common in my lande.

Common appendant is where a man is seised o [...] certaine lande, to the which he hath common in anothers ground, and all they that shall bee seised of the land haue y^• said common onely for those beasts which compast that lande to which it is appendant, excepting geese, goates & hogges.

And alwayes this common is by prescription and of common right, and it is appendaunt to erable lande onely, and not to any other lande or house.

Common appurtenant is in the same manner, as common appendant. But it is with all manner of beastes, as well hogges, goates and such like as horses, kine, oxen, sheepe, and such as compast the ground. And this common may bee made at this day, and may bee seuered from the lād to which it is [Page] appurtenant, but so can not Common, appendant.

Common because of neighborhood is where y^• tenants o [...]. Lords which be seised of two townes, where one lyeth nigh another, & euery of them haue vsed from the time whereof no minde runneth, to haue common in the other towne with all manner of beastes comminable.

But the one may not put his cattel in the others ground, for so they of the other towne may distraine them Damage fesant, or may haue an actiō of trespas, but they may not put thē into their owne fields, and if so they straye into the fieldes of the other towne, they there ought to suffer them, And the inhabitants of the one towne ought not to put in as many beastes as they wil, but hauing regard to the inhabitants of the other town, for otherwise it were no good neighborhood, vpon which all this matter doth depend.

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114 Condition.

COndition, is a restraint or bridle annexed and ioyned to a thing, so that by the not performance or not doing thereof the partie to the condition shal receiue preiudice and losse, and by the perfourmance and dooing of the same commoditie and aduauntage.

And all conditions are either Conditions actuall and expressed, which bee called conditions in déede, or els they bee conditions implyed or couert, and not expressed, which are called Conditions in Law.

Also all conditions are either Conditions precedent and going before the estate, and are executed, or els subsequent and following after the estate & executorie.

The Condition precedent doth get and gain the the thing or estate made vpon condition by the performence of the same.

The Condition subsequent doeth kéepe & continue the thing or estate [Page] made vpon condition by the performance or y^• same.

Actuall and expresse condition, which is called a condition in déede, is a condition knit and annexed by expresse words to the feoffement, lease or grant, eyther in writing or without writing. As if I infeoffe a man in landes reseruing rent, to be paid at such a feast, vpon condition, that if the feoffée faile of payment at the day, that then it shalbe lawfull for me to reenter.

Condition implied or couert and not expressed, which is called a condition in lawe, is when a man graunteth to an other the office to be kéeper of a Parke, Steward, Beadle, Baylife, or such lyke for terme of lyfe, and though there be no condition at all expressed in the grant, yet the lawe speaketh couertly of a condition, which is, that if the grauntée do not execute all pointes appertayning to his office, by himselfe or his sufficient deputie, then it shall bée lawfull to the [Page 46] grauntor to enter and discharge him of his off [...]ce.

Condition precedent and going before is, when a lease is made to one for life vpon condition, that if the lessée for life will pay to the lessor xx. li. at such a day, that then hee shall haue fee simple, héere the condition precéedes and goeth before the estate in fee simple, and vpon the performance of the condition doth get and gaine the fée simple.

Condition subsequent and comming after, is whē one granteth to I. S. his manor of Dale in fee simple vpon condition, that the grauntee shall paye to him at such a day xx. pound or else that his estate shall cease, heere the condition is subsequent and following the estate in fée simple, and vpon the performance thereof deoth kéepe & continue the estate.

See more of this in Littleton lib. 3. ca. 5. And Perkins in the last title of Cō ditions.

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Confirmation.

COnfirmation is when one which hath right to anie landes or tenements maketh a déede to an other which hath therof the possession or some estate with these wordes, Ratificalle, approbasse, confirmasse, with intent to inlarge his estate, or make his possess [...]on perfect and not defesible by him that maketh the confirmation, nor by any other that may haue his right.

Whereof sée more in Littleton lib. 3. cap. 9. of Confirmations.

Confiscate goodes.

COnfiscate goodes are goods to which the lawe entitleth the Queene whē they are not claymed by anie other. As if a man be indicted that he feloniouslie stole the goodes of I. S. where in trueth they are his owne goodes, and they are brought into the Court against him as a maineur, and then hée is demaunded what he saieth to those goods, and he denieth them, now by this denying [Page 47] of them, he shall loose those goods, although that afterward he be acquited of the felonie, and so mother like cases.

117 Conspiracie.

COnspiracie is a writ and it lyeth where two or more knit themselues together by oth, couenant, or other maner of aliāce, that euery one shall helpe other for to indict or appe [...]le any man of felonie, then hee which is by such maner indicted or appealed shall haue this writ, But this writ lieth not against the indictors.

Sée more herof in Stamford lib. 3. cap. 12.

118 Custome.

CVstomes and seruices is a writ, and lieth where I or my auncestors after the limitatiō of assise, were not seysed of the customes or seruices of my tenant before, then I shall haue this writ to recouer those seruices.

Also the tenaunt may haue this writ against his Lord, but after that the tenant hath declared, the [Page] Lorde shall defende the wordes of the declaration and replying shall say, that hée distrayned not for the customes whereof the declaration is, and then he shall declare all the declaration of the customes and seruices, and then the tenant who was plaintife shal become defendant, and shall defende by battaile or great assise.

Consultation.

COnsultatiō, Looke therfore after in the title of Prohibition.

Continual claime.

COntinual claim is wher a man ha [...]h right to enter into certaine landes where of an other is seised in fée simple or fée tayle, and hee dare not enter for feare of death or beating, but approcheth as nigh as he dare, & maketh claime thereto within the yeare and day before the death of him that hath the landes, if after hee which hath the lande die seiseo, & his heire is in by discent, yet he that maketh such claime may enter vpon the h [...]ire notwithstanding [Page 48] such discent, for that that he hath made such cōtinuall claime: But it behoueth that such claim alwayes be made within the yéere & the day before the death of the tenant, for if such a tenant doe not die seysed within a yeere and a day after such claime made, and yet he that hath right dare not enter, then it behoueth him that hath such right to make an other claime within the yéere & day after the first claime, & after such second claime to make y^e third claime within the yeere and day, if hée will be sure to saue his entre. But if the disseisor die seysed within the yeere and day after the disseisin, and no claime ma [...]e, then the entre of the disse: sée is takē away, for the yéere and day shall not be taken from the time of the title of the entre to him growē, but only frō the time of y^• last claime by him made as is aforesaid. See more hereof in Littleton [...]ib. 3 cap. 7.

Counterplee.

COūterplee is where one bringeth an action, & the [Page] tenāt in his answere & plée voucheth or calleth for any man to warrāt his title, or praieth in aid of an other, which hath better estate then he, as of him that is in the reuersion, or if one that is a stranger to the action, come and pray to be receiued, to saue his estate, if the demaundant replie thereto, & shew cause that he ought not such a one to vouch, or that he ought not of such a one to haue ayd, or that such a one ought not to be receiued, this plée is called a counterplee to the voucher, aid, or resceit, as the case is, but if the voucher be allowed, and when vouche commeth in, and demādeth what cause the tenant hath, and the tenant sheweth his cause & the vouche pleed to anie thing to auoid the warrā tie, that is called a counterplee to the warrantie.

Contract.

COntract, is a bargaine, or couenant betweene two parties, where one thing is giuen for another which is called, Quid pro [Page 49] quo, as if I sell my house for money, or if I couenant to make you a lease of my mannor of Dale in consideration of twentie pound that you shal giue me, these are good contractes, because there is one thing for an other, but if a man make promise to me, that I shall haue twentie shillinges, and that he will bée debtor to mée thereof, and after I aske the twentie shillings, and hée will not deliuer it, yet I shall neuer haue any action to recouer this twē tie shillinges, for that that this promise was no contract but a bare promise. And ex nudo pacto non oritur actio, but if any thing were giuen for the twentie shillinges though it were not but to the value of a peny, then it had béene a good contract.

123 Contra formam collationis.

COntra formam collationis, is a writte, and it lyeth where a man had giuen landes in perpetuall almesse to any of the late houses of Religion, as to [Page] an Abbot, and to the couent or other Soueraigne, or to the war [...]en or Master of any Hospitall, and his couent to find certaine poore men, and to doe other diuine seruice, if they alien the landes, then the donour or his heires, shall haue the saide writ for to recouer the lande, but this writte shall bée alwaie brought against the Abbot or his successour, and not against the alien, although that he be tenaunt, but in all other actions where a man demaundeth freeholde, the writ shall be brought against the tenant of the land. See the Statute w. 2. cap. 41.

Contra formam feoffamenti.

COntra formā feoffamē ti, is a writte, and it lyeth where a man before the Statute of, Quia emptores terrarum, which was made Anno 18. Edw. infeoffeth an other by deede to do certaine seruice if the feoffour or his heires distraine him to doe other seruice then is comprised [Page 50] in the déede, then the tenaunt shall haue this writ, commaunding him that he distraine not him to doe other seruice, that is not comprised within the déed, but this writ lieth not for the plaintife which claymeth by purchase from the first feffée: but for such plaintife as cloymeth as heire to the first feffée.

125 Contributione facienda.

COntributione facienda, is a writ, and it lyeth where there are diuerse Parceners, and hée which hath the part of the eldest doth make all the suite to the Lord, the other ought to make contribution to him, and if they will not, he shall haue against them the saide writ.

126 Conusance.

COnusance of Plée, is a Priuiledge that a Citie or Towne hath of the Kings graunt t [...] hold plee of all contractes, and of landes within the precincte of the Franches, and that when any man is [Page] impleaded for anie such thing in the Court of the King at Westminster, the Maior and Baylifes of such frāchises or their Atturney may aske Conusance of the plée, that is to say, that the plée and the matter shall bee pleaded & determined before them. But if the Court at Westminster be lawfully seysed of the plée, before Conusance be demaunded, then they shall not haue Conusance for that suite, because they haue negligently surceased their time of demaunde thereof, but this shall bee no barre to them to haue Conusance in an other action, for they may demaund Conusance in one action, and omit it in an other action at their pleasure.

And note that Conusaunce lyeth not in prescription, but it behooueth to shew the Kings letters patents for it.

Corodie.

COrodie is an allowance of meate, bread, drinke, money, clothing, lodging, and such like thinges necessarie [Page 51] for sustenance, It is somtimes certein where the certeinty of thinges is set downe, sometimes vncerteine where the certeintie of thinges is not sett downe which he shal haue, And some of them began by grant made by one man to another, and it may bée for life, yeres, in taile, or in fée, and some Corodies are of common right as euerie founder of Abbies, Priories, nunries & other houses of religion, had aucthoritie to assigne such in the same house, whē they were standing for father, brother Cosin or other man that he would appoint, should take it, if it were a house of Monkes, and [...]he were founder of a house of nuns or women, then for his Mother, Sister, cosin or other womā that he would direct thether, and alwaies this was prouided for, that he that had Corodie in a house of Monkes might not sende a woman to take it. Nor where Corodie was due in a Nunrie, there it was not lawful to appoint a man to receive [Page] the same, for in both cases such presentation was to bee reiected, And this corodie was due aswell to a common person that was foūder, as where the Kinge himselfe was founder, but where the house was holden in frankalmoigne, there the tenure it selfe was a discharge of corodie against all men, excent it were afterwarde charged voluntarily, as when the king would send his writ to the abbot for a corodie, for such a one whō they admit, there the house should be thereby char̄ged for euer, whether the king were founder or not, See the writ of Corod. hab. in Fitz Natura br. fol. 230.

Crowner.

CRowner, is an anciēt officer of trust and of great aucthority ordained to be a principal cōseruator, or keper of the peace to beare record of the Plces of y^• Crown and of his owne sight and of diuers other thinges manie in number &c. and therefore in Kinge Edward the first daies this [Page 52] Statute following was made forasmuch as meane men and vndiscréete nowe of late are commonly chosen to the office of the Coroner, where it is requisite that wise men lawfull & able shoulde occupie such offices, It is prouided that through al shires sufficient men shoulde bee chosen to bee Coroners, out of the most wise and discréetest Knights which best kn [...]w coulde and woulde attend this Office, and which faithfully made and represented the Plées of the Crowne.

And although the Letter of this statute bee not precisely obserued, yet at the least the intent should bee followed as [...]ghe as [...]ought bee, that for the default of Knights, Gentlemē furnished with such qualities as the Statute setteth downe (of which sort there be many) might be chosen with this addition that they be vertuous & good knowen Christians. Sée hereof in the writ de Coronatore eligendo in Fits Natura breuiū fol. 1 [...]3.

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Corporation.

COrporation, is a permanent thing that may haue succession. And it is an assembly and ioinyng together of manie into one felowship, brotherhoode and minde, whereof one is head and chiefe, the rest are the bod [...]e, and this heade and bodie knitte together make the Corporation. And of Corporations some are called spirituall and some Temporall, and of those that are Spirituall, some are corporations of dead persons in Lawe, and some otherwise, and some ar [...] by the authoritie of the King onelie, and some haue been of a mixte authoritie. And of those that are tēporall some are by the authority of the King also, And some by the Common Lawe of the Realme.

Corporation Spiritual and of dead persons in the Lawe, is where the corporation consisteth of an Abbot and couent, and these had beginning of the king, and the man of Rome whē he had to doe here.

[Page 53]Corporation spirituall, and of able persons in law is where the Corporation cōsisteth of a Dean, Chapter, Master of a Colledge or Hospitall, and this corporation had beginning of the king onely.

Corporation tēporal by the king is where there is a Maior & Comminaltie.

Corporation temporall by authoritie of the Common Law is the assemblie in Parliament, which consisteth of the Quéene the head of the corporation, and of the Lords spirituall and temporal, & the commons of the realme, the badie of the corporation.

130 Bodies politike.

BOdies politike, are Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Deanes, Parsons of churches and such like which haue succession in one person onely.

131 Corruption of blood.

COrruption of blood, is when anie is attaynted of Felonie or Treason, then his blood is said to be [Page] corrupt, by meanes wherof his children nor anie of his blood cānot be heirs to him or to any other auncestor, for which they ought to claim by him. And if he were a noble or gentleman before, he & all his children therby are made vnnoble & vngētle, hauing regard to the nobility or gentrie they claim by their father, which cannot bee made whole againe without authoritie of Parliament.

Cosinage.

COsinage, is a writte, and it lyeth where my great Grandfather, my Grandfathers Graundfather, or other cosin dieth seised in fée simple, and a stranger abateth, that is to say, entreth into the lands, then I shall haue against him this writte, or against his heire, or his alienee, or againste whomsoeuer that commeth after to the seide landes. But if my Grandfather die seised and a strā ger abateth, then I shall haue a writte of Aiel, But if my father, mother, brother, sister, vncle or aūt, die [Page 54] seised, & a stranger abateth; then I shal haue an Assise of Mortdancester.

133 Couenant.

COuenant, is an agreement made by déede in writing & sealed betweene two persons, where euery of them is bounden to the other to performe certaine couenants for his parte, The one of them holdeth not his couenāt but breaketh it, then hee which therof feeleth himself grieued, shal haue thereupon a writ of Couenant.

And note well that no writ of Couenant shalbee maintenable without especialtie, but in the Citie of London, or in some other such place priuileged by custome and vse.

134 Couerture.

COuerture, is when a mā and a woman are married together, now whatsoeuer is done concerning the wife in the time of the continuance of this mariage betweene them is said to be done during the couerture, and the wife is [Page] called a woman couert.

COuin, is a secret assent determined in the harts of two or more, to the preiudice of any other: As if a tenant for terme of life, or tenant in [...]aile will secretely conspire with another, that the other shal recouer against the tenant for life the lande which hee holdeth &c. in preiudice of him in the reuersion.

Cui in vita.

CVi in vita, is a writ, and it lyeth where a man is seised of landes in fee simple, or fée taile, or for terr [...]e of life in the right of his wife, & alieneth the same land and dieth, then shee shal haue the saide writ for to recouer the land.

And note well that in this writ her title must be shewed whether it be of y^• purchase of the woman, or of the heritage of y^• womā. But if the husband alien the right of his wife, & the husband and the wife dye, the wiues heire may haue a writ of sur Cui iu vita.

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137 Cui ante diuortium.

CVi ante diuortium is a writ, & it lyeth in like manner, when such alienation is made by the husband of the wiues lande & after deuorce is had betweene them, then the woman shal haue this writ, & the write shall saye, to whō shee before the deuorce might not gainsay.

138 Curtesie of England.

CVrtesie of Englande, is where a man taketh a wife seised in fée simple or fée taile generall, or seised as heire of the taile especiall, and hath issue by the wife male or female, bée the issue dead or in life, if the wife dye, the husbande shall hold the land during his life by the law of England: And it is called tenāt by the Curtesie of England, because that this is not vsed in no other realm but onely in England.

D.

139 Damage fesant.

DAmage fesant, is when a straungers beastes [Page] are in another mans ground without lawfull aucthoritie or licence of the tenant of the ground, and there do feede, tread, and otherwise spoyle y^• corne, grasse, woods, or such like: In which case the tenant whom they hurt may therfore take, distraine, and impound them, aswell in the night as in the day. But in other cases, as for rent and seruices and such like, none may distraine in the night season.

Danegelde.

DAnegelde, that is to be quite of a certaine custom which hath runn som times, which the Danes did leuie in England.

This began first in the time of King Etheldred, who being sore distressed by the continuall inuasion of the Danes, to purchase peace, was compelled to charge his countrey & people with importable payments, for hee first gaue them at fiue seuerall payments 113000. li. and afterwards graunted them [Page 56] 48000 pounds yearely.

141 Darr presentment.

DArrein presentm̄t, Look therefore after in the title Quare impedit.

142 Dean & Chapter.

DEane & Chapter, is a bodie corporate spirituall consisting of manye able persons in lawe, as namely the Deane (who is chiefe) and his Prebendes, and they together make the corporation. And as this corporation may ioyntly purchase lāds and tenements to the vse of their church and successors. So likewise euery of them seuerally may purchase to the vse of himselfe and his heires.

143 Decies tantum.

DEcies tantum, is a writ, and lyeth where a iurour in any inquest, taketh money of the one parte or other to giue his verdict, then he shall pay tenne times as much as he hath receiued, & euery one that will sue may haue an action, and shall haue [Page] the one halfe, and the king the other halfe. But if the king in such case release by his pardon to such a iurour, yet that shall bee no barre against him that bringeth the action, but that he shall recouer the other halfe, if his action bée commenced before the pardon of the King, but if the pardone bee before any action, it is a barre against all men, And the same law is of all other actions populer, where one partie is to the king, & the other to the partie that sueth. Also the embr [...]cers which procure such inquestes shalbe punished in the same manner. And they shal haue the imprisonment of a yéere, but no iustice shall inquire thereof of office, but onely at the suite of the partie.

Declaration.

DEclaration, is a shewing in writing of the griefe and complaint of the demaundant or pleintife against the tenant or defendaunt, wherein he [Page 57] supposeth to haue receiued wrong, & this declaration ought to be plaine and certaine, both because it impeacheth the defendant or tenant and also compelleth him to make answere therto. But note that such declaration made by the demaundaunt against the tenaunt in an action Reall, is properly called a Count.

Note that y^• Count or declaration ought to conteine demonstration, declaration, & conclusion. And in demonstration are contained ii [...]. things, (that is to say) who him complaineth and against whome, [...] for what matter, & in the declaration what ought to be comprised, how and in what manner the action rose betwéene the parties, and when and what daye, yere and place, & to whome the action shalbe giuen.

And in the conclusion he ought to auerre & profer to prooue his suit, and shewe the damage which he hath susteined by the wrong done vnto him.

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Dedimus potestatem▪

DEdimus potestatem▪ is a writ, & it lieth where a man su [...]th in the kinges Court, or is sue [...] may not well trauell [...] then he shall haue thi [...] writ directed to some Iustice o [...] other discreete person in the countrie to g [...] him power to admitte [...]ome [...]a [...] for his Atturney, or to seiue a [...]e, or to take his cō fession or his aunswere, or other examination as the matter requireth.

Defendant.

DEfendant, is he that is sued in action personall, and he is called tenant in an action Reall.

Defen [...]e.

DEfence, is that which the defendant ought to make immediatly after the count or declaration made, that is to say, that he defe [...]deth al the wrong, force, and dammage, where and when he ought, and then to proceede farther [Page 58] to his plee, or to unparie.

And note, that in so much that hee desendeth the force and wrong hee doeth excuse himselfe of the wrong against him surmised, and maketh him partie to the plee, and in so much that hee defendeth the dammage, he affirmeth the partie plaintif [...] able to be answered vnto.

And for the residue of the defence, hee accepteth the power of the Court to heare and determine their plées of this matter. For if hee will pleade to the Iurisdiction, hee ought to omitte in his defence these wordes (ou & quant il deuera.) And if hee will shewe any dishabilitie▪ in the plaintife, and demaund iudgement, if the partie▪ shal bee aunswered vnto, then hee ought to omitte the defence of the dammage.

Demaundant.

DEmaundant▪ is hee that sueth or complayneth in an Action Real [...] for [Page] title of land, and he is called plaintife in an assise, & in [...]n action personall as in an action of debt, trespasse, deceit, det [...] and such like.

Demaines,

DEmaines, or demesnes generallye speakinge according to the lawe, be all the partes of anye mannor which bee not in the handes of [...]holders of estate of enheritance, though they bee occupyed by copyholders, lesse [...]s for yéeres, or for life, as well as tenaunt at will: But especially to speake, demaines according to the common speeche bee onely vnderstoode the Lords chiefe manor place, which he & his auncestours haue from time out of mynde, kept in their owne hands, and haue occupyed the same, together with all buildinges and houses whatsoeuer, also the meadowes, pastures, woods, errable lande, and such lyke, therewith occupyed.

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150 Halfe Blood

HAlfe Blood is when a man marieth a wyfe▪ and hath issue by her a sonne or daughter, and she dieth and then hée taketh an other woman and hath by her also a Sonne or daughter, Now these two Sonnes are after a sorte brothers, or as they are termed halfe brothers, or brother of the halfe blood, that is to say, brother by the fathers side, because they had both one father and are both of his blood, and not brothers at all by the mothers side, nor of blood ne kin that way, and therefore the one of them cannot bée heire to other, for he that will clayne as heire to one by [...]s [...] must bée of whole blood to him from whom he claymeth, In the same maner it is [...] a woman haue diuers issues by diuers husbands▪ who are called brothers by one mother.

151 Demurrer.

DEmurrer is when anie action is brought & the defendent pleadeth a plée, [Page] to which the plaintife answereth, that hée will not answere, for that it is not a sufficient plee in the law, [...] she defendant saith to the contrarie, that it is a sufficient plee, and thereupon both parties do submit the [...]se to the iudgement of the court; then that is called a Demurrer.

Denizen.

DEnizen, is where an a [...]en borne becommeth the Kings subiect, and ob [...]neth the Kings letters Pat [...]n [...]s for to enioy all priuiledges as an English man, but if one bée made Denizen he shall pay customes and diuers other [...]ing [...] as aliens, as it app [...] by diuers statutes thereof [...].

Deodande.

DEodande, is when anie man by misfortune is slayne by a Horse or by a cart, or by any other thing that mooueth, then this thing that is cause of his death, and which at the time of his misfortune did moue, shalbe forfait to the [Page 60] king, & that is called Deodande, and that pert [...]meth to the kings Almener for to dispos [...] almes & déeds of charitie.

154 Departure from a plee or matter.

DEparture from his plee or matter, is where a mā pleadeth a plée in barre, and the plaintife replieth thereto, and hée after in his reioynder, pleadeth or sheweth an other matter, contrarie, to his first plée that is called a [...]eparture from his darre &c.

155 Departure in dispite of the Court.

DEparture in dispite of the Court, is when the tenant or defendant appeateth to the action brought against him, and hath a day ouer in the same Terme▪ or is called after, though hée had no day giuen him▪ so that it [...]ée in the same terme if he doe not appeare but makes default, it [...]s a Departure in disp [...]e of the Court, and therefore hee shalbe condempned.

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Deputie.

DEputie is he that occupieth in an other m [...]ns right, whether it [...]e office or anie other thing [...]ls, and his forfaiture or misdemeanor shall cause the officer or him whose deputie [...]e is to loose hi [...] office o [...] thing. But a m [...]n cannot make his deputie in all cases except the graunt so bée: as if it bée with these or such like wordes to exercise or vse by himselfe or his sufficient deputie, or i [...] the wordes goe further to himselfe or his deputie, or the deputie of his deputie, then he may make a deputie, and his deputie also may make a deputie, or [...]ls not.

Debte.

DEbte is a writte, and it lieth where anie summe of money is due to a man by reason of accompt, bargaine, contract, obligation▪ or other especialtie, to bée payed at a certaine day, at which day bée [...]y [...]th not, then [...]e shall haue this writ. But if any summe of money bée due to [...] Lord by his tenaunt for [Page 61] any rent seruice, the Lord shall neuer haue action of debte, but it behoueth alwaie to distraine. Also for rent charge or rent secke, which anie man hath for life, in taile, or in [...]ée, he shal not haue any action of debt as long as the rent continueth, but his executors may haue an action of debt for the arrerages of any of the said rentes due in the life of their testator, by the statute 32. H. 8. cap. 37.

But for the arrerages of rent reserued vpō a lease for terme of yéeres, the lessor is at his electiō to haue an action of debt, or for to distraine: But if the lease be determined, then he shal not distraine after for that rent.

But [...]ée must haue an action of debt for the arrerages.

158 Deuastauerunt bona testatoris.

DEuastauerunt bona testatoris is when the executors will deliuer the legacies that their testator hath giuen, or make restitution for wrong [...] done [Page] by him, or pay his de [...]s due vpon contractes, or other debtes vpon specialties, whose dayes of payment are not yet come &c. And kéepe not sufficient in their handes to discharge those debts vpon recordes or specialties, that they are compeliable formerly by the law to satisfie, then they shalbe cōstrained to pay of their owne goods those duties, which at the first by the lawe they▪ were compelled to pay, according to the value of that which they deliuered or payed by compulsion, for such payments of debts, or deliuery of legacies, as is aforesaid, before debtes payed vpon specialties▪ or recordes, whose daies o [...] paymēt ar [...] alreadie come▪ are accompted in the lawe a wasting of the goodes of the testator, asmuch as if they had giuen them awa [...] ▪ without cause, or sold them and conuerted them to their owne vse.

Deuise.

DEuise is where a man in his testament, giueth [Page 62] or b [...] [...]theth his goods or his landes to another after his decease. And where such deuise is made of goods, i [...] the executors will not deliuer the goods to th [...] deuisée, the d [...]sée hath no remedie by the cō mon-law▪ But i [...] behoueth h [...] to haue a Citation against the executors o [...] the testator to appeare before the ordinary, to shew wh [...] he performeth not the will of the testator, for the deuisee may not take the lega [...]e and serue himselfe, but it must be deliuered to him by the executors.

But by the common-law if a man bee sole seises of landes in his demesne as of [...]ee, & demseth the lands by testament, this deuis [...] was void, vnles the lands were in a Citie or borough where landes [...] deuisable by custom: But if any man were en [...]o [...]ed to the vse of another and his heires, and he to whose vse hee was so seised did make [...] of his lands, this deuise was good, though it be not in a Towne where landes are deuisable.

[Page]Also if any man deuise lands in Citie Towne, or Borough deuisable, and the deuisor dyeth, if his heire or anie other abate in the landes, then the deu [...]s [...] shall haue a writte of Ex graui querela: But this writte shall neuer hee pleded before the Kinges Iustice, but alwaies before the Maior or Bailifes in the same towne.

And here to the ende to shew how much the lawes of this Realme, and the wise discr [...]te Iudges of the same, who are the interpreters of the lawe, doe [...]auor wils & testaments, and so deuises in yeelding to there such a reasonable construction, as they think might best agree with the mindes of the dead, considering that willes and testaments are for the most parte, and by common intendement made when the testator is nowe very sicke, weake, and pasts all hope of recouerie, fo [...] it is a receiued opinion in the Countrey among moste, that if a man should chaunce to bee so wise [Page 63] as to make his will in his good health, when hee is strong of good memory, and hath tune and leasure, and might aske counsell if any doubt were of the learned that then hee should not liue long after, and therefore they deferre it, to such time, whē as it were more conuenient to applie themselues to the dispositions of their soules, then of their landes or goods except it were that by the fresh memorie, and recitall of them at that time, it might bee a cause to putte them in minde of some of their goods or Landes falsely gotten, and so moue them to restitution &c. And at that time the penning of such willes are commonly committed to the Minister of the Parish, or to some other more ignorant then hee who knoweth not what wordes are necessarie to make an estate in fée simple, fée taile▪ for terme of life or such like besides manie other mischiefes: I will therefore here sette downe some of [Page] those cases, that are most common in ignorant mens mouthes, & do carrie by the wise interpretations of the Iudges, as is aforesaid a larger and more fauourable sence in willes then in déedes.

First therefore if one deuise to I. S. by his will al his landes & tenements, here not only al those lāds that he hath in possessiō do passe, but also those that he hath the reuersion of by vertue of these wordes tenements.

And if lands be deuised to a man to haue to him for euer, or to haue to him and his assignes, in these two cases the deuise shall haue a fée simple. But if it be giuen by feoffement in such maner▪ he hath but an estate for terme of life. Also if a man deuise his landes to other, to giue, sell or doe therewith at his pleasure or will, this is fée simple.

A deuise made to one [...] to his heires malas doth make▪ an estate taile▪ but i [...] such wordes be put in a déede of feoffemēt it shall b [...] [Page 64] taken a fée simple, because it doth not appeare of what bodie the heires males shal be begotten. If lands bee giuen by déed to I. S. and to the heires males of his body &c. who hath issue a daughter, who hath issue a sonne, and dieth, there the land shal returne to the donour, and [...]he sonne of the daughter shall not haue it, because hée cannot conuei [...] himselfe by heires males, for his mother is a let thereto, but otherwise it is of such a deuise, for there the sonne of the daughter shal haue it rather then the will shalbe voide.

If one deuise to an infant in his mothers bellie, it is a good deuise, otherwise it is by feoffement, graunt, or gifte, for in those cases there ought to be one of abilitie to take presently or otherwise it is voide.

A deuise made in fée simple w^tout expresse words of heirs, is good in fée simple.

But if a deuise be made to I. N. hee shall haue the lande but for terme of life, for those wordes will carie no greater estate.

[Page]If one will that his son I. shal haue his land, after the death of his wife, here the wife of the deuisor shal haue the land first for term of life. So likewise if a man deuise his goods to his wife, & that after the decease of his wife, his son & heire shal haue the house, where the goods are, there the sonne shall not haue the house during the life of the wife, for it dooth appeare that his intent was, y^• his wife should haue the house also for terme of her life, notwithstanding it were not deuised to her by expresse words.

If a deuise bée to I. N. and to the heires females of his bodie begotten, after the deuises hath issue a sonne & daughter, and dieth, here the daughter shall haue the land & not the son, and yet he is the most worthy person, & heire to his father, but because the wil of the dead is, y^• the daughter should haue it, lawe and conscience wil so also.

And herein the verie heathens were precise as appeareth by those verses [Page 65] of Octauius Augustus, which Donatus reporteth hee made after y^• Virgil at his death, gaue cōmandement, that his books should bee burnt, because they were imperfect, and yet some perswaded that they should be saued, as indéede they happily were, to whō hee answered thus: but faith of lawe must néedes be kept and what last will doth say, And what it doth commaund bee done, that néeds we must obey.

160 Diem clausit extremum.

DIem clausit extremum, is a writ, & it lieth wher the Kinges tenaunt, that holdeth in chiefe, dieth, this writte shall bee directed to the eschetour to enquire of what estate hee was seised, and who is next heire, and his age and of the certaintie of the land, and of what value the land is, and of whome it is holden, and that inquisition shalbe returned into the Chancerie, which is cōmonly called: The office after the death of that person.

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Discent.

DIscent, is in 2. sortes, either lineal or collateral.

Lineal discent is when a discent is conueied in the same line of the whole blood, as grandfather, father, sonne, sonnes sonne, and so downward.

Collaterall discent, is out in another branch from aboue of the whole blood, as grandfathers brother, fathers brother, and so downeward.

Note that if one die seised in fée, or in taile of lande in which another hath right to enter, and that discendeth to his heire, such discent shal take away the entrie of him which hath right to enter, for that that the heire hath them by discent from his father, & so came vnto those tenemēts by the doing of the lawe, and he that had right can not put him out by entring vppon him, but is put to sue his writ to demaund the land according to; the nature of the title. See heereof in Littleton, lib. 3. cap. 6. and statute, 32. H. 8. cap. 33.

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162 Disclaymer.

DIsclaimer, is where the Lorde distraineth his tenant; and hee sueth a repleuin, and the lord anoweth the taking by reason that hee holdeth of him, if the tenaunt say that he disclaimeth to hold of him, this is called a disclaimer, and if the lord thereupon bring a writ of right sur disclaymer, and it be foūd against the tenant hee shall lose his land. Also if one bringeth a precipe against two other for the land, and the tenant disclaimeth and saith, that hee is not thereof tenaunt, neither claymeth any thing therein, then the other shal haue y^• whole land. But if the Precipe be brought against one alone, and hee disclaimeth as is aforesaid, the writte shall abate, and yet the demaundant maie enter unto the lande and holde it in his rightfull estate; although his entrie was not lawfull.

163 Discontinuance.

Discontinuance, is when a man alienateth to an other, Landes or tenements, [Page] and dieth, & another hath right to y^• same lande, and may not enter into thē because of this alienation, as if an Abbot alien the landes of his house to another in fee, or fée taile, or for terme of life, or if a man alien the landes that hee hath in the right of his wife, or if tenaunt in the taile alien the landes giuen to him and to the heirs of his body, then such alienations bee called Discontinuance, for such estates passe alwaie by liuerie and seisin, & in these cases the successour of the Abbot or the woman after the death of her husbād or the issue in the taile after the death of the tenant in taile may not enter, but euerie of them is put to his action. Sée more hereof in Littletō lib. 3. cap. 11. and 32. H. 8. cap. 28. which taketh away discontinuaunces by the husbande seised in right of his wife.

Tithes.

TIthes, are the tenthe parts of any thing, but properly of those thinges [Page 67] which doe increase, which for the most part do belong to ministers of the church for their maintenance, and they be in thrée sorts deuided, to wit Predial tithes, Personall tithes, & Mixte tithes, Prediall tithes are tithes that bee paied of thinges that come of the ground only, as corne, hay, fruits of Trées and such like.

Personall Tithes are Tithes to be paied of such profits as come by the labour and industrie of mans person, as by buying, selling, gaines of Merchandize, and of handicraftes men, labourers and such as worke for hire, as carpenters, Masons and such like.

Mixt tithes are tithes of calues, lambs, pigs, and such like, y^• increase partly of the ground that they bee fed vpon and partly of the kéeping industrie and diligence of the owner.

165 Disperagement.

DIsperagemēt, is a shame disgrace or villany done by the gardeine in Chiualrie [Page] to his ward in Chiualrie being within age by reason of his mariage.

As when the gardeine doeth marrie his warde within age of xiiii. yeres, & within such time as hee cannot consent to mariage, to a bond woman, or to the daughter of one that dwelt in a borough (which is to be vnderstood, such whose fathers professe handicrafts, & those baser artes of buying & selling, to get their liuing by) or to one that hath but one foote, or one hand, or is laine or deformed; or hath some horrible disease, as the leprosie, french pockes, falling sicknes or such like, or maryeth him▪ to a woman that is past childebearing, & diuers such other, then vpon the complaint made by the frinds of such heire, the Lord or gardeine shall loose the wardship, and the profits during the nonage of the heire for the shame done vnto him. See Littlet lib. 2. cap. 4.

Disseisin.

DIsseisin, is when a man enters into any landes [Page 68] or tenementes where his entry is not lawfull, and putteth him out, that hath the fréehold.

167 Disseisin vpō disseisin.

DIsseisin vpon disseisin, is when the disseisour is disseised by another.

168 Disseisor and disseisee.

DIsseisor, is which putteth any man out of his land without order of the law, & disseisée is he that is so put out.

169 Disceit.

DIsceit, is a writ, & it is sometime originall, and sometime iudiciall, but when it is originall, it lyeth wher any disce [...]t is d [...]n to a man by another, so y^• hee hath not sufficiently perfourmed his bargaine or not perfourmed his promise, then b [...]e that is in such manor disceiued shall haue this writ.

Also when this writ is iudicial, it lyeth where a Scire fac. is sued out of any Record against a man, and the Shirife returneth, [Page] that hee is warned where he was not warned, or where a Praecipe quod reddat of a plée of lands, or a Q [...]impedit of the presenting to a church, is sued against one, & the shirife returneth that he is summoned, where he was not sū moned, by which disceit & false returne the demaundāt recouereth in y^• plaint, then the party grieued shal haue this writ against him that recouered, & against the summoners, & against the shirife, then the writt shalbee directed to the Coroners of the same countie, if hee continue shirife that made the retorne.

Distresse.

DIstresse, is the thinge which is taken and distrained vpon any land for rent behind, or other duty, or for hurt done although that the propertie of the thing belongeth to a strā ger: But if they be beastes that belong to a stranger, it behooueth y^• they were leuant or couchant vpon y^• same ground, y^• is to saye, [Page 69] that the beastes haue béen vpon the ground certaine space, that they haue them selfe well rested there, or els they be not distrainable for rent or seruice.

And if one distraine for rent or other thing without cause lawfull, then the partie grieued shall haue a repleuin and vpon suretye found to pursue his action shall haue the distresse to him deliuered again. But there bee diuers thinges which be not distrainable, viz. another mans gowne in the house of a tailor, or cloth in the house of a fuller, shéereman or weauer, for that they bee common artificers, & that the common presumption is, that such things belong not to the artificer, but to other persons which put them there to be wrought,

Also vitail is not distreinable nor corne in sheues, but if they be in cart, for y^• that a distresse ought to be alway of such things wher of the shirife may make repleuin, & deliuer againe in as good case as it was at the time of the taking.

[Page]A man may distraine for homage & fealtie, & escuage, & other seruices & for [...]ines and amerciamentes which bee assessed in a Leete, but not in a Court baron. And also for dammage feasant, that is to say, when hee syndeth the beastes or goods of any other doing hurt or cumbring his ground. But a man may not distraine for any rent or thing due for any lande, but vpon the same land that is charged therewith: But in case where I come to distrain, and the other seeing my purpose chaseth y^• beastes, and beareth the thing out, to the intent that I shall not take it for a distresse vpon the ground, then I may well pursue, and if I take it presently in y^• high way, or in anothers ground, the taking is lawfull aswell there as vpon the land charged, to whom soeuer the propertie of the goods be.

Also for fines & amerciaments which be assessed in a léete, one may alway take the goods of him that [Page 70] is so amerced, in whose groūd soeuer they be within the iurisdiction of the Court as it is said. And when one hath taken a distresse, it behooueth him to bring it to the common pound, or else he may keepe it in an open place, so that hee giue notice to the partie, that hee (if the distres be a quicke beast) may giue to it foode, and then if the beast die for default of food, hee that was distrayned shalbe at the losse, and then the other might distraine againe for the same rent or duitie. But if hee carrie the distres to a holde, or out of the Countie, that the Shirife may not make deliuerance vpon the repleuin, then the par [...]y vpon the returne of the Shirife, shall haue a writte of Withernam dyrected to the Shirife, that hee take as many of his beastes, or as much goodes of the other in his kéeping, till he hath made deliuerance of the first distres. And also if they bée in a forslet or Castel, the shirife may take with him the power of the [Page] Countie, & beat downe the castell. As it appeareth by the statute West. 1. cap. 17. therefore looke the statute.

Diuorce.

DIuorce so called of Diuortium, cōming of the verbe Diuerto, which signifieth to retorne backe, it is vsed in law when a man is diuorced from his wife, hée retorneth her backe home to her Father or other Friendes, or to the place from whence he had her, and by such diuorce the marriage is defeated & vndone.

Donor and Donee.

DOnor is hée which giueth lands & tenemēts to an other in taile, and he to whom the same is giuē is called Donée.

Double plee.

DOuble plee is where the defendant or tenaunt in any action pledeth a plée, in the which two matters be comprehended, & euery one by himselfe is a sufficient barre or aunswere to the action, then such a double plée shall not be admitted for a plée, except one depend vpon an other, and in [Page 71] such case if he may not haue the last plée without y^• first plée, then such a double plée shalbe well suffered.

174 Dower.

DOwer is a writ and it lieth where a mā is sole seysed during the couerture betweene him and his wife, of lands or tenemēts in fée simple or fée tayle, where by possibilitie the issue betwéene them may inherite, if such a man die his wife shall recouer the third part of all the landes whereof the husband was sole seysed any time during the couerture by a writ of Dovver vnde nihil habet, though hée died not seysed, and though that he made alienation thereof in his lyfe. But if a man before the statute of Vsis 27. H. 8. had landes, in the which an other man, or other men were seysed to his vse alwaies during the couerture, and hée to whose vse they were seised dieth before the said Statute, his wife shal not be indowed.

And also if before the says statute two men bée seised of lands to the vse of [Page] one of them, & he to whose vse &c. dieth before the said statute, his wife shall not bée endowed. Also if a woman bring a writte of dower, she shal recouer damages, for the profit rū after the death of her husbād if he dieth thereof seysed, but if any alienation or estate were made during y^e couerture, so that the husband died not seysed, then though shee shall recouer the land, yet shée shall recouer no dammages. Also there is an other writte of dower called a writte of Right of dower, and [...] lyeth where a womā hath recouered part of hir dower in one towne, and the other part she is to recouer. Also in diuers cases a womā shall not haue dower, as if the husband cōmit treason for the which he is attainted, then his wife shal haue no dower. Also if she go away frō her husband with an other mā in aduowtry, and if she be not reconciled by her husband of his own will without cohersion of the Church, she shal not be indowed.

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175 Right.

RIght, is where one hath a thing that was taken from another wrongfully as by disseisin, discontinuance, or putting out or such like, and the challenge or clayme that hee hath, who should haue the thing, is called Right.

176 Right of entrie.

RIght of entrie, is when one seised of land in fée, is thereof disseised: Now the disseisée hath right to enter into the land, & may so doe when he will, or els hée may haue a writte of right against the disseisor.

177 Dum non fuit compos mentis.

DVm non fuit compos mentis, is a writ & it lieth where a mā that is out of his wits, that is to say, mad or lunatike alieneth the landes that he hath in fee simple, & dieth, then his heire after his decease shal haue this writ, but he himselfe shall not haue this writte for that, that a man shall not be receiued to disable himselfe. Also this writ may be made in the per, cui, and post.

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Dum fuit infra aetatem.

DVm fuit infra aetatem, is a writ, and it lyeth where an infaunt within age alieneth his lande which he hath in fée simple or for terme of life, when he commeth to his full age hée shall haue this writ or he may enter if he will, but it behooueth that he be of full age the day of his writ brought. Also if an infant alien his land, and die, his issue at his full age shal haue this writ or hée may enter, but the issue shall not haue this writ within his age.

Dures.

DVres, is where one is kept in prison or restreined from his libertie contrarie to the order of the law, and if such a person so beyng in dures, make anie especialtie or oblig▪ by reason of such imprisonment such a deede is void in the law, & in an action brought vpon such an especialtie he may say that it was made by dures of imprisonment, but if a mā be arrested vpon an action at the suite of [Page 73] another though the cause of the action bée not good nor true, if he make an obligation to a straunger being in prison by such arrest, yet it shall not be said by dures, but if hée make an obligation to him at whose suite hee was arrested to bée discharged of such imprisonment, then it shall be said dures, as it is said.

E.

180 Eiectione firme.

EIectione firme, looke for that in the title Gard.

181 Eiectment de garde.

EIectment de garde, looke for that in the Title of Gardes.

182 Eire Iustices.

EIre iustices, or Itinerāt, as wée call them, were Iust ces that vse to ryde frō place to place through out the Realme to administer Iustice.

183 Elegit.

TO holde by Elegit, is where a man hath reconered debt or damage by a writte against another by cōlessiō or in other maner, hee shall haue within the [Page] yéere against him a writte iudiciall called Elegit to haue execution of the halfe of all his landes and chattels (except exen & beastes of the plow) till the debt & dammages be wholy leuied and paid to him, and during the terme he is tenant by Elegit, And note well that if he be put out within the terme hée shall haue Assise of Nouel disseisin, & after a redisseisin if néede be, and this is giuen by the statute of westminster second Chap. 18.

And also by the equitie of the same statute he that hath his estate if he be put out shall haue Assise & redisseisin if néed be. And also if he make his executors and die, and his executors enter and after be put out, they shall haue by the equitie of the same statute, such action as he himselfe before said. But if he be put out, and after make his executors and die, his executors may enter, and if they be stopped of their entrie, they shall haue a writ of trespasse vppon their matter and case.

[Page 74]And note well if he doe waste in al the land or parcell, the other shall haue against him immediatly a writ iudicial out of the first record called Venire facias ad Computādum, by which it shall be inquired if hée haue leuied all the money or parcell, and if hée haue not leuied the money, then it shall be inquired to how much the waste amounteth, and if the wast amount but to parcel, then as much of the money as the waste amounteth vnto, shalbe abridged of the foresaid money which was to be leuied. But if he haue done more waste then the foresaid summe of money which was to be leuied, amounteth, the other shalbe discharged by and by of all the said money and shall recouer the lande. And for the superfluitie of the waste made about that, that amounteth to the said summe he shal recouer his dammages single, And the same lawe is of his executors, and also of him that hath his estate.

And note y^• if he alien in [Page] fée, for terme of life or in taile al or parcell of the lād which hee holdeth by Elegit, if the alienation bée made, within the terme or after, he which hath right, shall haue against him an Assise of Nouel disseisin, And they both must be put in the Assise, the alienor and the alienee, and notwithstanding that the alienor die presently, yet he which hath right, shall haue Assise against the alienee alone, as if the alienee had bin a plaine tenant for terme of yéers, and that is by the equitie of the statute of westm. 2. Cap. 25. for that that hée hath not but a chattell in effect, And the same law is of his executours and of him which hath his estate as is aforesaid.

And note well that in Elegit if the shirif returne that hée had nothing the day of the Recognisance made but that he purchased lands after y^• time then the partie playntife shall haue a newe writ to haue execution thereof, the same law is of a statut marchāt. [Page 75] And note well that after a Fieri facias a mā may haue the Elegit, but not contrarie wise, for that the Elegit is of more higher nature then the Fieri facias, And note well that if a man recouer by a writ of debt and sueth a Fieri facias, and the shirife returne that the defendāt hath nothing wherof he may satisfie the debt to the partie, thē the plaintife shall haue Elegit or Capias sicut alias and a Pluries, And if the Shirife returne at the Capias mitto vobis corpus, & he haue nothing wherof he may make satisfaction to the partie he shalbe sent to the prison of the fléete, and there shall abide vntill he haue made agréement with the partie, and if the Shirife returne Non est inuentus, thē there shall go forth an Exigent against him. And note well y^• in a writ of debt brought against a Parson of holy Church which hath nothing of lay [...]ee, and the shirife returneth that hee hath nought by which hée may bée summoned, then shall the playntife sue a writte [Page] to the Bishop that he make his Clerke to come, and the Bishop shall make him to come by sequestration of the Church. And note wel that if a man bring a writ of debt and recouer, and make his executors & dieth, they shall not haue execution notwithstanding, y^• it be within the yeere, by a Fieri facias.

Embrasour ou Embraceour.

EMbrasour or Embraceour is he that whē a matter is in triall betwéene partie and partie commeth to the barre with one of y^• parties (hauing receiued some reward so to doe) & speaketh in y^• case or priuily laboreth the iurie, or standeth there to suruey or ouerlooke thē, therby to put them in feare & doubt of the matter. But men that are learned in the law, may speake in the case for their Clients.

Encrochment.

ENcrochmēt, is said whē the Lorde hath gotten seisin of more rent or seruices of his tenant thē of right is due or ought to be paied or done vnto him, [Page 76] as if [...]he tenaunt holde his land of the Lord by fealtie, and ii. s. rent yeerely. And now of late time hee hath got seisin of iii. s. rent or of homage or escuage, or such like. Then this is called an incrochment of that rent or seruice.

186 Enheritance.

ENheritance, is such estate in landes or tenements, or other things, as may bee enherited by the heir, whether it be in estate of fée simple, or taile, by discent from any of his auncestors or by his own purchase.

And inheritance is deuided into two sortes, that is to say, enheritance corporate, and enheritance incorporate.

Enheritance corporate are mesuages, lands, meadowes, pastures, rents and such like, that haue substance in themselues and may continue alwayes. And these are called corporall things.

Enheritance incorporat are aduowsons, villains, waies, comons, courts, fishings, & such like that are, [Page] or may bee appendaunt, or appurtenant to enheritances corporate.

Entre.

ENtre, is wher a man entreth into any landes or tenements in his proper person, or any other [...]y [...]is commandement.

Also there bee diuers writs of Entre which be in diuers maners, One is a writte of Entre sur disseisin, and this writie lieth where a men is disseised, hee or his heire shall haue this writ against the disseisor or anie other after tenant or the Ian [...]. And if the disseisor alien and die s [...]ise [...] then the writ of Entre shal be against the heire with the alienee in the Per, that is to say▪ in which the tenaunt hath no Entre but by such a one naming the disseisor, which him hath disseised &c.

And if the heire or alienée die seised, or alieneth to another▪ then the writte shall be in the Per and Cui, that is to say, into which the tenaunt hath no entrie but by such a one naming the heire or alienée of the [Page 77] disseisor to whome such a one (naming the disseisor) did lette it, which by force disseised him &c.

And if land bee co [...]eid ouer to manie, or if the first disseisor bee disseised, then the writte of Entre shall be in the Post, that is to say that the tenaunt hath no entry but after the disseisin which the first disseisour made to the demandant or his auncestor. See after Entre en le per.

A writ of Entre in the Per lyeth where a man is disseised of his freeholde, and the Disseisour alieneth or dyeth seised, and his Heire entreth, then the disseisee or his heire shall haue the saide writte against the Heire of the Disseisour, or against the alienée of the Disseisour, but liuing the disseisour hee ma [...]e haue an Assise if he will, and the writte of Entre shall say, in quod A. non habet ingressum nisi per B. qui illud ei dimisit, qui inde eum iniuste disseisiuit &c. But if the disseisor alien & the alienée dieth seised, or alieneth ouer to [Page] another, or if the disseisor die, and his heire enter, and that heire alieneth or dyeth, and his heire entreth, then the disseisée or his heire shall haue a writ of Entre sur disseisin in y^• Per and Cui, And the writte shall say, in quod idem A non habet ingressū nisi per B. cui C. illud ei dimisit, qui inde iniuste &c.

And note well, that no writte of Entre in the Per and Cui shall bee maintenable against none, but where he that is tenaunt bee in by purchase or discent: But if the alienation or discent bee put out of the degrees, vpon which no writ may bee made in the Per, nor in the Per and Cui, then it shall bee made in the Post, and the writte shall say, in quod A. non habet ingressum nisi post disseisinam, quam B. inde iniuste & sine iuditio fecit praef. N. vel M. proauo N. cuius haeres ipse est.

Also there are v. things which put the writ of Entre out of the degrées, that is to say, Entrusion, Successiō, disseisin vpon disseisin, [Page 78] Iudgemēt, & Escheat.

1 Entrusion is when the disseisor dyeth seised, & an estranger abateth.

2 Disseisin vpon disseisin, is when the disseisor is disseised by another.

3 Succession, is where the disseisor is a man of religion, and dyeth, or is deposed, and his successor entreth.

4 Iudgement is when one recouereth against the disseisour.

5 Escheat, is when the disseisor dyeth without heire, or doth felony wherby hee is attamted, by which the lorde entreth as in his Escheat.

In all those cases the disseisie or his heire shall not haue a writ of Entre within the degrees in the Per, but in the Post, for that that in those saide cases they are not in by discent nor by purchase.

Also there is a writ of entre Ad communem legē, and lyeth where tenant for terme of life, tenaunt for term of anothers life, tenāt by y^• curtesie, or tenant in dower alieneth and dyeth, [Page] then he in the reuersiō shal haue the foresaide writ against whomsoeuer is in after in y^• said tenements.

Also a writ of Entre in casu prouiso [...]yeth, if tenant in dower alien in fee, or for terme of life, or for anothers life, liuing the tenant in dower, hee in the reuersion shall haue the writ called a writ of Entre in casu prouiso.

Also a writ of Entre In casu consimili lyeth, if tenant for terme of life, or tenant by curtesie alien in fee lyuing them, he in the reuersion shall haue a writte called a writte of Entre in casu consimili.

Also a writ of Entre Ad terminum qui preteriit lyeth, if a man lease lande to another for terme of yeares, and the tenaunt ho [...]d ouer his terme, then the lessor shall haue a writ which is called a writ of Entre Ad terminum qui preteriit.

And also if lands be leased to a man for terme of anothers life, and hee for whose life the landes are leased dyeth, and the lessee [Page 79] holds ouer, then the lessor shal haue this writ.

Also a writ of Entre sine assensu capituli lyeth, where an Abbot, Prior, or such as hath Couent or comon seale, alieneth lāds or tenements of the right of his Church, without the assent of the Couent or Chapter and dyeth, then his successour shall haue this writ.

Also a writ of Entre Causa matrimonii prelocuti lyeth, wherelandes or tenements are giuen to a man vpon such condition, that he shal take her to his wife within a certaine time, and he do not espouse her within the said terme, or espouse another womā, or make himselfe Priest, or enter in Religion, or him disable, so that he cannot take her according to the saide condition, th [...]n the donour and his heires shall haue the said writte against him or against whomsoeuer is in the said lande. And also it behooueth that this condition be made by Indenture, or otherwise this writte [Page] doth noth lye, and all these and other writs of entrie may be made in the Per, Cui, and post.

Entrusion.

ENtrusion, is a writ and it lyeth where a tenant for terme of lyfe dyeth seised of certaine lands or tenements, and a straunger entreth, hee in the reuersion shall haue the saide writ against the abator, or against whosoeuer that is in after their entrusion.

Also a write of Entrusion shalbee maintenable by the successour of an Abbot against the abator which shall enter in any lands or tenements in the time of vacation that belongeth to the Church by the statute of Marlebridge, the last Chapter.

Equitie.

EQuitie, is in two sortes differing much the one from the other, and are of contrary effectes, for y^• one doth abridge, diminish and take frō y^• letter of the law, The other doeth inlarge, adde & amplifie therunto.

[Page 80]The first is thus defined, Equitie is the correction of a lawe generally made in that part, wherin it faileth, which correction of the generall wordes, is much vsed in our law. As if for example when an act of parliament is made that whosoeuer doeth such a thing, shalbe a felon, & shall suffer death, yet if a mad man, or an infant of yong yeeres that hath no discresion do the same, they shall bee no felons nor suffer death therefore.

Also if a Statute were made that al persons that shall receiue or giue meate or drink, or other succor to any y^• shal do such a thing, shalbee accessary to his offence, and shall suffer death if they did knowe of the fact, yet notwithstanding one doeth such an acte, and commeth to his wife, who knowing thereof doeth receiue him & giues him meate and drink, shee shall not bee accessary nor felon, for in the generalty of the saide wordes of the lawe, he that is mad, nor y^• infāt nor y^• wife, were not [Page] included in meaning.

And thus equitie doeth correct the generalite of y^e law in those cases, and the generall wordes are by equitie abridged.

The other equitie is defined after this sort, Equitie is when the wordes of the law are effectually directed, and one thing onely prouided by the wordes of the law to the ende that all things of y^e like kinde may be prouided by the same, & so when the wordes enact one thing they enact all other things that are of like degree, as the statut which ordeines that in an action of debt against executors, hee that doeth appeare by distresse shall aunswere, doeth extend by equitie to administrators, for such of them as doeth appeare first by distresse, shall aunswere by equitie of the said acte, because they are of like kind.

So likewise the statute of Gloucester giues the action of wast, and the paine thereof against him that holdes for life or yeres, and by the equitie of the same, [Page 81] a man shall haue an action of wast against him that holdeth but for one yeere or halfe yeere, and yet that is without the wordes of the sta [...] ▪ for he that holdeth but for halfe a yere, for one yeere, doeth not holde for yeres▪ but that is the meaning and the wordes that enact the one, by equitie enact the other.

190 Error.

ERror▪ i [...] a writ and it lyeth where iudgement is giuen in the Common place or before the Iustice in Assise or Oyer and terminer, or before the Maior and Sh [...]ifes of L [...]d [...], or in other Court of Re [...]rde, against the [...] or vpon vndue and wrong proceeding▪ then by this were the partie grieued against whome the iudgement is giuen shall haue his writ [...] and there [...]pon cause the Record & Proces to be remoued before the Iustice of the kings bēch. And if the error be found, it shalbe reuersed: but if an erronious iudgement bee giuen in the kings bench, [Page] then it cannot be [...] but by Parliament▪ [...] the Statute [...] of Elizabeth.

Also if a false iudgmēt be giuen in Court that is not of record, as in county, hundred or in to [...]rt baron, then the party shall haue a writ of false iudgement for to make the record to come before Iustice of the common place. Also if errour be found in the Eschequer, it shal bee redressed by the Chancelor & Treasorer▪ is it appeareth by the statute of Ed. 3. An. 31. c [...]. 12.

Escape.

Escape, is where [...] that is arrested c [...]eth to [...] before y^• [...]e be [...] by [...]word of any Iustice or by order of law.

Escape is in two sorts▪ that is to say, [...] & negligent.

[...]oluntary escape▪ is when one doeth arrest another for felony▪ or other crime, & after he in whose custodie he is▪ letteth him goe where he will▪ this letting him goe is a voluntary escape.

[Page 82]And if the arrest of him that escaped were for felony, then that shalbe felony in him that did suffer y^• escape, & if for treason, then it shalbe treason in [...] & if for trespas, then trespas, and so in all other.

Negligēt escape is whē one is arrested, and [...] escapes against the will of him that did so arrest him, & is not freshly pursued & taken before the pursuer looseth the sight of [...] this shall bee saide a negligent escape, notwithstanding that hee out of whose possession hee escaped doe take him after he lost sight of him▪ Also if one [...]e arrested, and after escape▪ & is at his libertie▪ and he in whose ward he was, take him [...] and bring him to the prison, yet it [...] an escape in him.

Also if a felon be arrested by the Constable and brought to the ga [...]le in the county▪ and the gailor will not receiue him & the Constable letteth him goe▪ and the gailor also▪ and so he escapeth, this is an escape in the gailor, for that in such [Page] case the gaylor is bound to receiue him by the bond of the Constable without any precept of the Iustice of peace. But otherwise it is if a comon person arrest another vpon suspition of felony, there the ga [...]er is not bound to receiue him, without a precept of some Iustice of peace. There is an escape also without arrest, as if murder be made in the day, & the murderer be not taken, then it is an escape, for the which the towne where the murder was don shalbe amerced.

Eschete.

ESchete, is where a tenāt in fée simple doeth felony for the which he is hanged or a [...]iured the realm, or be outlawed of felony, murder, or petie treason, or if the: tenant dyeth without heire generall or especiall, then the Lorde of whome the tenaunt held the lande, may enter by way of Eschete, or if any other enter▪ the Lord shal haue against him one writ called a writ of Eschete, which as I thinke is deriued of the french word Eschien.

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193 Escuage.

EScuage, is called in latin Scutagium, that is to say seruice of the shield, and he that holdeth by escuage, holdeth by knightes seruice, and to that belongēth ward, mariage and reliefe, but that shalbee entended of escuage not certeine, when the Escuage runneth through Englande. when it is ordeined by al y^• counsell of Englande that after the warre, euery lord shall haue a certain summe of his tenant which was not in the said warre. But if the tenāt which holdeth of any Lord by escuage, be w^t the king in his warres in Scotland, this Lorde will distraine h [...]m for Escuage, it shalbe a good plee to say, that hee was with the king in Scotland in his warres & that shalbee tried by y^• kings Marshal.

And note wel that a mā may not holde by escuage, vnlesse he hold by homage, for that Escuage of common right draweth to him homage, as it was iudged in Term̄ H. 21. Edw. 3. cap. 42. folio 52. Auowrie 115. [Page] and note well that Escuage is a certeine summe of mony and it ought to be leuied [...]y the Lord of his tenant after the quātity of his tenure when Escuage runneth through all Englād. And it is ordeyned by all the Counsel of Englād how much euerie tenant shall giue to his Lord, and that is properly to maintaine the warres betweene. England & them of Scotland, or of wales, and not betwéene other landes for that y^• those foresaid lands should be of right belōging to the realme of England. See Lit. lib. 2. chap. 3.

Esplees.

ESplees, is as it were the seisin or possession of a thing, profit, or commoditie that is to be taken, As of a common the Esplees is the taking of the grasse or common by the mouthes of the beasts that common there. Of an aduowson the taking of grosse tithes by the parson presented therunto. Of wood, the selling of wood, of an orchard the selling of appels and other fruit growing there, [Page 84] of a mill, the taking of toll, is the Esplees and of such like. And note that in a writte of right of lande or aduowson or such like the demaundant ought to alleage in his count, that he or his auncestors tooke the Esplées of the thing in demaund, or otherwise the pleading is not good.

195 Essoine.

ESsoine, is where an actiō is brought & the plaintife or defendant may not well appeare at the day in court for one of the v. causes vnder expressed, thē he shalbe essoined to saue his default, note well y^t there be v. maner of essoins, that is to say, Essoine de ouster le mere, & that is the defē dant shall haue a day by xl. daies. The second Essoin is De terra sancta, and vpō this the defendant shall haue a day by a yeere and a day▪ & these twaine shall be laid in the beginning of the plee. The third Essoin is De male vener, & that shall be adiorned to a common day a [...] the action requireth and this is called the common Essoin, and when and [Page] how this Essoin shall be, looke the statutes and the Abridgment of statutes, where it is well declared, And the 4. Essoine is De malo lecti, and that is onely in a writ of right, & therupon there shall a writ goe out of the Chauncerie, direct to the Shirife, that he shall send iiij. Knights to the tenant to sée the tenāt, and if he be sicke to giue a day after a yéere and a day. Also the [...]i [...]e Essoine is de seruice le Roy, and it lieth in all actions except in Assise of Nouel disseisin▪ [...] writ of Dower, Darrein presentment, and in appeal of Murder, but in this essoyne it behoueth at the day to shewe his warrant or else it shall torne vnto a default, if it bee in a plée reall, or els he shall lose xx. shillinges for the iourney or more, by the discretion of the Iustice, if it be in a plée personall, as it appeareth by the statut o [...] Gloucest. cap. 8.

Estoppel.

EStoppel is when one is concluded and forbiddē in lawe to speake against [Page 85] his owne act or decrée, yea although it bee to say the trueth.

And of Estoppels there are a great manie, one for example is, when I. S. is bound in au obligation by the name of T. S. or any other name, and is sued afterward according to the name in the obligation, that is to say T. S. now hée shall not bée receiued to say, that he is misnamed, but shalbe driuen to answere according to the name put in the obligation, that is to say, T. S. for peraduenture the obligée did not knowe his name, but by the report of the obligor himselfe, and in asmuch as he is y^• same man that was bound, hée shalbe estopped and forbidden in lawe to say contrarie to his owne déede, for otherwise hee might take aduauntage of his owne wronge, which the lawe will not suffer a man to doe.

Also if the daughter y^• is an heire to her [...]ather will sue liuerie with her sister y^• is a bastard she shall not [Page] afterwarde be receiued t [...] say that her sister is a bastard, in somuch that if her bastard sister take halfe the land with her, there is no remedy▪ by the law.

Also i [...] a man seised of lāds in fée simplée wil take a lease for yeres of the same land of a stranger by deede indented, this is an estoppel during the terme of yéeres, & the lessée is thereby barred to say the truth▪ for the trueth is, that hée that leased the lād had nothing in it at the time of y^• leas made, and that the fée simple was in him that did take the lease: But this he shall not be receyued to say till after the yeeres are determined, because it appeareth that hée hath an estate for yéers, and it was his follie to take a lease of his owne lands, and therefore shall thus be punished for his follie.

Estraungers.

EStraūgers are somtimes takē they y^• are not parties or priuies to y^• [...]ing of a sine▪ or making of [...] déed, sometimes then that be borne beyond the seas.

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198 Estraie.

EStraie, is wher any beast or cattel is in a [...] Lordshippe▪ and none knoweth the owner thereof, then it shall bee seised to the vse of the Kinge, or of the Lord that hath such Estray by the Kinges graunt, or by prescription: And if the owner come & claime therto within a yere and a day, then he shal haue it againe, or else after the yeere the propertie thereof shall bee to the Lorde, so that the Lorde make proclamation thereof according to the Lawe.

199 Estrepment.

EStrepment, is a writ, and it lieth where one is impleaded by a Precipe quod reddar, for certaine lande, if the demaundant suppose that the tenaunt will doe waste hanging the plée, he shall haue against him this writte which is a prohibition, commaunding him that he doe no waste hanging the plée.

And this lyeth properlie where a man demaundeth landes by Formedon, or writte of Right, or such [Page] writs where hee shall not recouer dammages, for in such writs where hee shall recouer damages, hee shall haue his damages, hauing regard to the wast done.

Etate probanda.

ETate probanda, is a writ of office, and it lieth for the Heire of the tenaunt that helde of the Kinge in chiefe, for to proue that he is of full age, directed to the Shirife to enquire of his age, and then hee shall become tenant to the king by the same seruices that his auncestors made to the King: But it is said that euery one that shal passe in this enquest shall be of the age of xlii. yeres at least, so that he was of ful age whē he that sueth the writ was borne.

Excommengement.

Excommengement, is to say in Latin Excommunicatio, and it is where a man in Courte Christian is excommenged, then hee is disabled to sue anie action in the Kings Court, and if he remaine excommunicate xl. dayes, and [Page 87] will not bee iustified by his Ordinarie, then the Bishop shall sende his Letter patent to the Chauncelour to certifie this Excommunication or contempt and thereupon it shall be commanded to the Shiri [...]e to take the bodie of him that is accursed by a writ called de excōmunicato capiendo, [...]ill hee hath made agréement to holie Church, for the contempt and wrong, and whē he is iustified and hath made agreement, thē the Bishop shall sende his letters to the King certifiing the same, and then it shall be commanded to the shirife to deliuer him by a writte called Excommunito deliberando

202 Exchange.

Exchaunge, is where a man is seised of certaine lande, and another man is seised of other land, if they by a déed indented, or without deede, if the lands be in one county, exchange their lands so that euery of them shall haue others lands to him so exchaunged, in fee, fée taile, or for terme of life, that is called an exchange, [Page] [...] [Page 84] [...] [Page] [...] [Page 85] [...] [Page] [...] [Page 76] [...] [Page] [...] [Page 87] [...] [Page] and is good without liuery or seisin.

A [...]so in exchaunge it behou [...]th that the estates [...] them limited by thexchāge be egal for if one haue an estate in f [...]e in his land, and the other hath estate in the other lande but for terme of life, or in taile, then such exchaunge is voide, but if the estates be egall, and the landes be not of egall value, yet the exchaunge is good. Also an exchange of rent for land is good. Also an exchange betwéen rent and common is good, and that ought to bée by deede. Also [...]t behooueth alway, that this worde exchange [...]e in the deede, or els nothing passeth by the deede except that he haue liuerie and seisin.

Execution.

Execution, is wher iudgment is giuen in any action that the plaintife shall recouer the lande, debt or damages▪ [...] the case is, & when any writte is awarded to put him in possession, that is called a writ of execution, and when he hath the p [...]ssession of the [Page 88] land, or is paied of the debt or dammages, or hath the bodie of the defendaunt awarded to prison▪ then he hath execution and if the plée bee in the Countie, or Court Baron, or hundred [...]nd they deferre the execution of the iudgement in [...]our of the party, or for [...]her cause, then: the demandāt shal haue a writ of Executione iudicii. Note that in a writte of debt, a man shall not haue recouerie of anie lands, but of thē which the defendant hath y^• day of y^• iudgement yéelded. And of cattels a man shall hau [...] execution onely of the cattels, which he hath day of the execution sued.

[...] Executor.

Executor, is when a man [...] maketh his test [...]ment & [...]t will, and therein nameth the person that shall execute his testament, thē h [...] that is so named: is his executor, and is asmuch as in the ciuil law, (heres designatus or testamē tarius) as to debts, goods & cattels of his testator, and such an executor, shal hau [...] an action against euery debtor [Page] of his testator, and if the executors haue assets, eueryone to whom y^• testator was in debt, shall haue an action against the executor, if he haue an obligation, or specialtie, but in euery case wher the testator might wage his law, [...] tiō lieth against y^• exe [...]. Look more therof before [...] the ti [...]e Administrators▪

Exigent.

Exigent, is a writ & it ly [...]eth [...] where a man s [...]h an action personal, and the defendant cannot be s [...]d, nor hath nothing win the countie wherby he may: be attached nor di [...]rai [...], their this writte shall goe forth to the shirife to make proclamation at 5. counties euery one after another, y^• he appeare, or else that hee shal be [...]tlawed: and if [...] be outlawed, then all his g [...]ds and [...]els [...]e for [...] to the King▪ Also in an i [...] dictment [...] of Fellony, the Exigent shall goe forth after the first Capias. And also in a Capias ad computandū, or ad satisfacien [...] ▪ And in euery Capias that goeth foorth after iudgmēt [Page 89] the exigēt shal goe forth after the first Capias. And also in appeale of death, but not in appeale of robberie or appeale of maime.

206 Ex parte talis.

Ex parte talis, Look therefore before in the title, Accompt.

207 Ex graui querela.

Ex graui querela, Looke therefore before in the title Deuise.

208 Extinguishment.

Extinguishment, is where any Lorde, or any other, hath anie rente or seruice going out of anie land and hee purchaseth the same lande, so that he hath such estate in the lande as hee hath in the rent, then the rente is extincte, for that one may not haue rent going out of his owne lande. Also when any rente shall be extinct, it behoueth that the land and the rent be in one han [...], and also that the estate y^• he hath bee not defeasible: & also y^• hee haue as good estate in the lande as in the rent, for if he haue estate in the lande but for terme of l [...]fe or yeeres, and hath fée simple in the rent, [Page] then the rent is no [...] extinct, but the rent is in suspence for that time, and then after the terme, the rente is reuiued. And if there bee Lorde, mesne, and tenant, and the Lord purchase the [...]enancy, then the mena [...]tie is extinct, but the mesne shall haue the surplusage of the rent, if there bee anie, as rente secke. Also if a man haue a hie wai [...] appendant and after purchase the land wherein the h [...]e way is, then the way is extinct: and so it is of a cō men appendant.

Extortion.

Extortiō, is a wrong done by an officer, Ordinary, Archdeacō, Official, Maior, Bailife, Shirif, Eschetor, Coroner, vndershirife, gailer or other Officer, by colour of his Office, in taking excessiue rewarde or fee, for execution of his said Office or otherwise, and is no other thing in deede then plaine robberie, or rather more odious then robberie, for robberie is apparaunt, and alwaies hath with it the countenance of vice, but extortion [Page 90] being as great a [...]see as robberie is, carrieth [...] it a countenance of ve [...]: By means wherof it is the more hard to bee tried, or discerned, and therfore the more o [...]ious, and yet some there be that wil not sticke to stretch their office, credit and conscience, to purchase money as wel by extortion as otherwise according to the saying of the Poet Virgil, what is that that hunger sweete of gold do [...]h not constraine men mortall to attempt?

F.

210 Failin [...] of Record.

FAiling of Record, is whē an action is brought against one and the defendant pleadeth any matter y^• is of record in another sort, and doth auerre to proue it by Record, And the plaintife saith there is no such Recorde, whereupon the defendant hath day giuen him to bring in the record, at which day he faileth, or brought in such a one, as is no barr [...] to this action, then h [...]e is saide to faile of his Record, and thereupon [Page] the plaintife shall haue iudgement to recouer &c.

Deede.

DEede, is a writing sealed and deliuered to prooue and testifie of the agreement of y^• partie whose déede it is, to the thing contained in the déede, as a deede of feoffement is a proofe of the liuerie of seisin, for the lande passeth by the liuerie of seisin, but when the deede and the deliuerie are ioyned together that is a proofe of the liuerie, and that the feoffour is contented, that the feoffee shall haue the lande. And note that all deedes are either indented, whereof there bee two, three, or more parts, as the case requireth, of which the feoffour, grantour, or lessour hath on, the feoffee, grauntee, or lessee another. And peraduenture some other bodie also another &c. or else they are poll Deedes or single, and but one, which the feoffee, grauntee, or [...]es [...]e [...] hath &c. And [...]u [...]rie Deede consisteth▪ of three [Page 91] principall pointes, (and if these three be not ioyned together, it is no perfect déed to binde the parties) namely, writing, sealing, and deliuerie.

The first point ts writinge, whereby is shewed the parties names to the Deede, their dwelling places, their degrees, the thing granted, vpon what considerations, the estate limited, the time when it was graunted, and whether simply, or vpon condition with other such like circumstances. But whether the par [...]yes vnto the Deede, writte in the ende their owne names, or set to their markes (as it is commonly vsed) it maketh no matter at all (as I thinke) for that it is not meant where it is said, that euerie deede ought to haue writing.

The second point is sealing, which is a further testimony o [...] their consents to that contayned in the deed [...], as it appeareth by these wordes. In witnesse wherof &c. or to such effecte alwayes put in the [Page] later ende of deedes, without which wordes the deede [...] insufficient▪ And because wee are about sealing and signing of deedes it shall not be [...] much amisse heere to shewe you, for antiquities sake, the maner of signing and subscribing of [...]e [...]des, in our auncestors the Saxons times, a fashion different from that wee vse in these our de [...]es, in this that they to their deedes subcribed their names (commonly adding the signe of the Crosse,) [...]nd [...]n the end did set down a great number of witnesses, not vsing at that time any kynde of Seale. And wee [...]t this day for more suretie, both subscrib [...] our names (although that b [...]e not verie necessary [...], [...]s I haue aforesaide) and put to our Seales, and vse the helpe of testimonie bes [...]des: That former fashion continued throughout▪ vntill the time of the Conquest by the Normans▪ whose maners by little and little at the length p [...]ua [...]led amongst vs, for the first [Page 92] sealed ch [...]rter in Englād is thought to b [...]e shal of King Edwarde the Confessour to the Abbey of West. who being brought vp in Norman [...]y, brought into this Realme that and some other of their [...]uyses with him▪ And a [...]ter the comming of William the conqueror, the Normans l [...]king their owne countrey customes (as naturally all nation [...] do) reiected the maner that they found here, & retained their own, as Ingulp. the Abbot of Croiland, who came in with the conquest witnesseth saying: The Normans doe change the making of writinges which were wont to be firmed in England with crosses of golde & other holy signes, into the printing war, and they re [...]ect also the manner of the English writing. Howd [...]t this was not done all at once, but it increased and came forward by certaine steps and degrées, so that first and for a season the king onely, or a fewe other of the Nobilitie besides him vsed to seale. [Page] Then the Noble men for the most [...] part, and none other, which thing a man may see in the Historie of Battell Abbey, where Richard Lucy chiefe Iustice of Englande, in the time of King Henrye the second, is reported to haue blamed a meane subiect, for that hee vsed a priua [...]e Seale, when as that pertayned (as hee saide) to the king and Nobilit [...]e onely.

At which time also (as I. Rosse noteth it) they vsed to ingraue in their seales, their owne pictures and counterfaites, couered with a long coate ouer their Armors. But of [...]er this the Gentlemen of the better sort tooke vp the fashion, and because they were not all warriors, they made Seales ingrauen with their seuerall coates or shields of armes, for difference sake, as the same aucthour reporteth. At the length about the time of king Edwarde the thirde, Seales became verie common, so that not onely such as bore [Page 93] armes vsed to seale▪ but other men also fashioned to themselues signets of their owne deuise, some taking the letters of their owne names, some flowers, some knots and florishes, some birdes or beastes, and some other things, as wee nowe yet daily behold in vse.

Some other manner of sealing besides these haue bin heard of among vs, as namely that of king Edward the third, by which he gaue to Norman the hunter: The hop and the hop towne, with all the bounds vpside downe, and in witnesse that it was sooth, he bit the waxe with his fore tooth.

The like to this was shewed to mée by one of my friendes in a loose paper, but not verye aunciently written, and therefore hee willed mee to estéeme of it as I thought good: It was as followeth.

I willyam Kinge▪ giue to thée Powlen Royden, my hop and my hoplandes, with all the [Page] boundes vp and downe▪ from heauen to earth, from earth to hell, for thee and thine to dwell, from [...]u [...] and mine, to thée & thine, for a Bowe and a broad arrow, when I come to hunt vpon yarrow. In witnesse that this is sooth, I bite this waxe with my tooth, in the presence of Magg, Maude, & Margerie, and my third sonne Henry.

Also that of Alberic de Veer, conteining the donation of Hatfie [...]d, to the which hee affixed a short black hafted knife, like vnto an olde half [...]peny whittle, in steede of a seale, with diuers such like.

But some peraduenture will thinke that these were receiued in common vse and custome, and that they were not rather the deuyfes and pleasures of a fewe singuler persons, such as are no lesse deceiued, then they that déeme eu [...]ry charter and writing that hath no seale ann [...]xed, to bee as auncient as the Conquest, wheras in déed [Page 94] sealing was not commonly vsed till the time of King Edw. the thirde, as hath [...]m alreadie said.

The third point is deliuerie, which although [...]t be set la [...]t, is not the least, for after that a deede is written and sealed, i [...] i [...] bee not deliuered, all the rest is to no purpose.

And this deliuery ought to bee done▪ by the partie himselfe, or his sufficient warrant, and so it shall bind him, whosoeuer wrote or sealed the same, and by this [...]aste acte the déede is made perfect, according to the intent and effect thereof, and therefore in deedes the deliuerie is to bée proued &c.

So thus you sée that writing and sealing without de [...]iuerie is nothing to purpose. That sealing and deliuerie where there is no writing worketh nothing, Nor writing and deliuerie without sealing also make no déede. And therefore they all ought iointly to concurre to make [...] per [...]ect déede, as is before said.

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Farme or Ferme.

FArme or Ferme is specially the chiefe m [...]suage in a Village or Towne whereto belongeth great demeanes of all sorts, and hath béene vsed to bée let for terme of life, yéeres or at will.

Also the rent that is reserued vpon such a lease or the like, is called farme or ferme.

And farmor or fermor, is hée that occupieth the farme or ferme, or is lessée thereof.

Also generally euery lessée, for life, yéeres, or at wil, although it be of neuer so small a cottage or house, is called farmor or fermor.

And note, that they are called farmes, or fermes, of the Saxon worde Feormian, which signifieth to féede, or yéelde▪ victuall. For in the auncient time, their reseruatiōs were aswell (or for the more part) in victuals, as money, vntill at the laste, and that chiefly in the time of King Henry the first (by agreement) the res [...]ruation of victuals, was tourned [Page 95] into readie money and so hitherto hath continued amongst most men.

213 Faux imprisonment.

FAux imprisonment, is a writ, and it lieth where a man is arrested & restr [...]ined from his libertie by an other against the order of the lawe, then he shall haue agaynst him this writte wherby he shal recouer damages. Looke more therof before in the title arrest.

Faux iudgmēt looke therfore before in y^• title error.

214 Fee farme.

FEe farme, is when a tenant holdeth of his lord in fée simple, paying to him the value of halfe, or of the thirde or of the iii. part, or of other part of the lande, by the yéere. And he that holdeth by fée ferme, ought not to pay reliefe or do any other thing then is conteined in the feoffment but fealtie, for that belongeth to all kind of tenures.

215 Fee simple.

FEe simple, is when anie person holdeth landes or rent or other thing inheri [...]able to him and to his heires for euermore & these [Page] words his heirs make the estate of inheritance, for if land be giuen to a man for euer yet hée hath but an estate for terme of life Also if tenant in fée simple die, his first sonne shall be his heire, but if he haue no son, then al his daughters, that he hath shalbe his heires, & euery one shall haue her part, by partition, but if he haue no sonne nor daughter then his next cosin collaterall of the whole blood shalbe his heire.

Feoffment.

FEoffement is wher a mā giueth landes, houses, or other corporall thinges which be hered [...]table to an other in fée simple, & thereof deliuereth liuery & seisin & possession of the lād, that is a feoffment. Also if one make a g [...]t in the taile, or a leas for terme of life▪ or of an other mans li [...]e, it behoueth also to giue l [...]uery and seisin, or els nothing shall passe by the grant.

Fe [...]or and Feffee.

FE [...]for is he that [...]effeth or maketh a feof [...]ment to another of landes, or tenements in fée simple. And [Page 96] feoffée is he, who is infef [...]ed, or to whom the feoffment i [...] so made.

218 Fealty.

FEalty, is a seruice called in latin fidelitas, & shall be done in such maner, that is to say, the tenant shall holde his right hand vpon a booke, and shall say to his lord. I shalbe to you faithfull & true, I shall b [...]are to you faith for the lands and tenemēts, which I claime to holde of you, and truely shall [...]o to you the customs and seruices that I ought to doe to you at the termes assigned, so helpe me God. And shall kisse the booke, but he shal not kneele as in doing homage▪ And therof looke after in the title homage. Also fe [...]l [...]ie is incident to al maner tenures.

219 Felony.

FElony, is a generall terme, which comprehendeth diuerse heynous offences, for which the off [...]ndour ought to suffer d [...]ath, & loose their landes: And it séemeth y^• they are called f [...]lonies, of the Latine word Fel, which is in English gall, infrēch Fiel: [Page] or of the auncient English worde fell or fierce, or because that they are intended to be done with a cruell, bitter, fell, fierce or mischieuous mind. And some of them are, when a man without any colour of law, stealeth the goods of an other amounting to the value of xij. pence or more, that is Larceny: But if anie approcheth the person of another in the high way, and robbeth him of his goods, although it be to the value but of one penie, it is felonie, & that is called robbery, and therefore he shalbe hanged.

Fireboote.

FIreboote, is necessarie wood to burne, which by the common lawe, lessée for yéeres, or for life, may take in his grounde, although it bee not expressed in his lease: and although it be a lease by word onely without writing: But if he take more then is néedfull, he shall be punished in wast.

Fledwite.

FLedwite, that is, to bée quite from amercements [Page 97] whē an outlawed fugitiue cōmeth to the kings peace of his owne will, or beyng licenced.

222 Flemeswite.

FLemeswite, that is, that you may haue the cattell, or amercemēts of your man or fugitiue.

223 Fletwit.

FLetwit (or Flitwit) that is to be quite from contention and conuicts, and that you may haue plée thereof in your Court and the amerciamēts, for (flit) in English is Tensone in French.

224 Forstall.

FOrstall, that is to bée quite of amercementes and cattels arrested within your lande, and the amercements thereof comming.

225 Forstallers.

FOrstaller is he that buyeth Corne, Cattell, or other marchandize whatsoeuer is salable, by the waye as it commeth to markets, faires, or such like places to bée solde to the intent that hee may sell the same againe at a more high & déere price in preiudice [Page] & hurt of the common wealth and people &c.

The payne for such as are conuicte is for the first time imprisonment for two Moneths, and losse of the value of the thing sold.

The second time imprisonment by the space of halfe a yéere, & shall lose the double value of the goods &c. The iij. time imprisonment during the Kings pleasure, and iudgement of the pillorie, and shall forfait all his goods. Sée the statute 5. Edw. 6. cap. 14.

Franches Roiall.

FRanches roiall, is where the Quéene graunts to one and his heires, that they shall be quite of toll, or such like.

Free almes.

FRee almes, is where in auncient times landes were giuen to an Abbot and his Couent, or to a Deane and the Chapiter, and to their successours, in pure and perpetual almes, without expressing anie seruice certaine, this is frankealmoigne, and such are bounde before God [Page 98] to make Orasons & prayers for the donour and his heires, and for that they do no fealtie, and if such that haue landes in frankealmoigne doe make no prayer nor deuine seruice for the soules of the donors, they shall not be compelled by the donours to do it, but for that they may complaine to the Ordinarie, praying him that such negligence be no more after, and the Ordinarie of right ought to do it.

But if an Abbot &c. holdeth landes of his Lorde for certeine deuine seruice to bée done, as to sing euery Friday a Masse, or doe some other thing, if such diuine seruice be not done, the Lorde may distrayne, and in such case the Abbot ought to doe fealtie to the Lorde, and therefore it is not said tenure in frank almoigne, but tenure by diuine seruice, for none can hold by franke almoigne, if any certaine seruice be expressed.

228 Franke fee.

TO holde in Franke fée, is to holde in fée simple [Page] landes pleadable at the common lawe, not in auncient demesne.

Formedone.

FOrmedone, is a writ and it lyeth where the tenant in the taile enfeffeth a strā ger or is disseised, & dieth, the heire shall haue a writ of Formdon to recouer the land: but there be thrée maner of Formedones, One is in the discender, & that is in the case before saide. Also if one giue landes in the tayle, and for default of issue the remainder to an other in the taile, and that for default of such issue the land shall reuert to the donour, if the first tenant in taile die without issue hée in the remainder shal hau [...] a formdone in the remainder, but if the ten [...]nt in the taile die without issue, and he in the remainder also die without issue, then the donour or his heires shall haue a Formedone in the reuerter.

Fieri facias.

FIeri facias, is a writ iudicial, and it lieth where a man recouereth debte or dammages in the Kinges [Page 99] Court, then he shall haue this writ to the shirife, cō manding him that he leuy the debt and dammages of the goods of him that hath lost, & it lieth always within a yéere & a day, and after the yéere he must sue a scire facias, and if he be warned, & doth not come at the day &c. or if he come, & can say nothing, then he which recouereth shall haue a writ of fieri facias directed to the Sherife, that he make him haue executiō of iudgmēt.

But if a man recouer against a woman & she take a husband within the yere & the day, then he that shall recouer must haue a scire facias against the husband.

So it is if an Abbot or Prior recouer & dieth his successor within the yéere shall haue scire facias. Sée thereof more in the title scire facias, & title Execution.

231 Fine.

FIne somtimes is takē for a summe of money which one is to pay to the King for any contempt or offence done by him: which fine euery one that cōmitteth any trespas, or that he is cō uicted, [Page] that he falsly denieth his owne déede, or d [...]d anie thing in contempt of lawe, shal pay to the king: which is called fine to the King. Somtime a Fine is takē for a final agréemēt which is had between any persons concerning any land or rēt, or other thing wherof anie suit or writ is betwéen thē hāging in any court which may be diuers waies. One is whē one party reknowledgeth y^• to be the right of the other, as that y^• he hath of the gu [...]ft of him y^• made that recognisance, which alwaies supposeth a feoffemēt going before, & is called a fine executed. Or if he acknowledgeth that to bee the right of another omitting these words (cōe ceo que il eit de sō done) which being a fine vpon acknowledging of right onely, if it bee leuied to him which hath the freehold of y^• land, is a Fine vpon a release. And if he that acknowledged it, is seised, and hee to whom it is leuied hath not the fréehold of the land, thē it is called a fine executory, which he to whom the land [Page 100] is acknowledged may execute by Entre or Scire fac.

And sometime such a fine sur conus [...]s de droit only is to make a surrēder: Therin is rehearsed that the reconusor hath an estate for life, & the other a reuersion.

And somtime it is taken to passe a reuersion, where a particular estate is recited to be in another, & that the reconusor will that the other shal haue y^• reuersion, or that y^• land shal remaine to another, after the particular estate spent.

And somtime he to whō y^• right is acknowledged, as that that he hath of the gift of the reconusor, shall yeeld the land, or a rent out therof to y^• reconusor. And somtime for the whole fee: Somtime for the particular estate with remainder or remainders ouer: and sometime with reseruatiō of rents with distresse and graunt thereof ouer by the said fine.

And it is called a fine because thereby the suite is ended and if it be recorded with proclamation it barreth strangers.

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Free mariage.

FRee mariage, is when a man seised of landes in fée simple, giueth it to an other man, and to his wife (who is the daughter, Sister or otherwise of kinne to the donour) in free mariage, by vertue of which words they haue an estate in speciall taile, and shall holde the lande of the donour quite of al maner of seruices vntill the fourthe degree be past accompting themselues in the first degree, except fealtie, which they shall doe because it is incident to all tenures sauing frée almes. And such gifte may bee made as well after mariage solempnized as before. And a man may giue landes to his Sonne in frée mariage, as well as to his Daughter by the opin [...]ō of Master Fitzherbert in his writ of Champerty H.

But it appeareth otherwise in Master Littl. & in Mast. Brook titulo Frākmarriage Placito decimo. And so it is holden clere in Graies Inne in Lēt, An. [Page 101] 1576. 18. Eliz. by the worshipfull Master Rhodes, then reader there.

233 Freehold.

FReeholde, is an Estate that a man hath in lands or tenements, or profite to bee taken in fee simple, taile, for terme of his owne life, or for terme of anothers life in dower or by the curtesie of Englād. And vnder that, there is [...]o freeholde, for hee that hath estate for yeeres or holdeth at wil hath no fréeholde, but they are called chattels.

And of Freeholds there are two sortes, that is to say, freeholde indeede, and fréehold in lawe.

Freeholde in deede, is when a man hath entred into lands or tenementes, and is seised thereof reallie, actuallie, and in deede: As if the father seised of landes or tenements in fee simple dieth, and his sonne entreth into the same, as heire to his father, then he hath a fréeholde in déede by his entrie.

Freehold in Lawe, is when lands or tenemetnes [Page] are discended to a man, and hee may enter into them when he will, but hath not yet made his entrie indeed, as in the case aforesaid, if the father being seised of lands in fée simple die seised, and they discend to his sonne, but the sonne hath not yet entred into them indeede, nowe before his entrie he hath a fréehold in lawe.

Freshsuit.

FReshsuit, is when a man is robbed, and the partie so robbed, followeth the felon immediatly, and taketh him with the manner, or otherwise, and then bringeth an appeale against him, and doth conuince him of the felonie by verdict, which thing being inquired of for the Quéene and founde, the partie robbed shall haue restitution of his goods againe.

Also it may bee said, that the partie made freshsuite, although hee take not the theefe presentlie, but that it be halfe a yeere, or a yeere after the robberie done, before he bee taken, if so bee that the partie [Page 102] robbed doe what lyeth in him, by diligent inquirie & search to take him, yea although he be taken by som other bodie, yet this shalbe said fresh suit.

And so fresh suit is whē the Lorde commeth to distraine for rent or seruice, [...] the owner of the beastes doth make rescous, & drineth them into others ground that is not holden of the lord, and the Lorde followeth presently & taketh them, this is called fresh suit. And so in other like cases.

G.

235 Gager de deliuerance.

GAger de deliuerance, is where one sueth a repleuine of goods taken, but hee hath not the deliuerie of the goods, and the other auoweth, and the plaintife sheweth that the defendant is yet possessed of the goods &c. and prayeth that the defendant may gage the deliuerance, then he shall put in suertie or pledges for the deliuerance, [Page] & a writ shal go forth to the Shirife for to redeliuer the goods &c. But if a man claime propertie, he shal not gage deliuerance.

Also if hee saye that the beasts be dead in y^e pound, he shall not gage &c.

Also a man shall neuer gage the deliuerance before that they be at issue, or demurrer in the lawe, as it is said.

Garrantie of Charters.

GArrantie of charters, is a writ, & it lieth where any déed is made y^t cōprehēdeth a clause of warranntie, y^t is to say, dedi or cō cessi, or this word warrantizabo, & if y^e tenant be impleaded by a stranger, if it be in assise or such action where he may not vouch to warrantie, then hee shall haue this writ against his feffor or his heire, & if y^e lād be recouered against him▪ hee shall recouer as much land in value against him that made the warrantie. But this writ ought to be sued hanging y^e first writ against him, or else he hath lost his aduantage.

[Page 103]Also vpon a warrātie in the law, as vpon homage auncestrel, or vpon rent reserued vpō a lease for term of life, or a gift in the taile, a man shall haue a writ of warrantie of charters, but not vpon eschange.

237 Garrantie.

GArrantie, is in two maners, that is to saye, garrantie lineall and garrantie collaterall.

Garrantie lineal is wher a man seised in fée, maketh a feffement by his deede to another, and byndeth him & his heires to warrantie, and hath issue a sonne and dyeth, and the warrantie discendeth to his sonne, that is lineall warrantie, for y^• that if no déede with warrantie had bin made, then the right of the lands should haue discended to y^e sonne, & he shall conuey the discent from the father to the sonne. But if the tenant in y^e taile discontinue the taile, & hath issue & dyeth, & the vncle of the issue releaseth to the discontinuee with warrantie &c. & dyeth without issue, that [Page] is a collaterall warrantie to the issue in the taile, for that, that the warrantie discendeth vpon the issue, the which may not conuey him to the taile by meane of his vncle. And in euery case where a mā demandeth lands in fee taile by writ of Formedon, if any of the issue in the taile which hath possession, or which hath not possession maketh a warrantie, and he that sueth the writte of Formedon may by possibility by matter that may be in that déede conuey to him title by force of the gift by him that made the warrantie &c. that is then a lineall warrantie, and by such a lineall warrantie, the issue in the taile shal not be barred, except that he haue assets to him discended: But if he may not by no possibilitie that may be conuey to him title by force of y^e gift by him that made the warrantie, then that is a collaterall warrantie, and by such a collateral warrantie, the issue in the tail shalbe barred without any assets. [Page 104] And the cause that such a collaterall warrantie is a barre to the issu in the tail, is for that, that al warranties before the statute of Glocester, which discended to them which he heirs to them y^t made the warranties were barres to the same heires to demaund any lands, except the warranties that began by disseisin, & for that, that the said statute hath ordeined that the warrantie of the father shalbee no barre to his sonne for the landes which come of the heritage of the mother, nor the warrantie of the mother shalbe no barre to the sonne for the landes which come of the heritage of the father, & the statute hath not made nor ordayned remedie against the warrantie that is collaterall, to the issue in the taile, & therefore the warrantie that is collaterall to the issue in the taile, is yet in his force, and shalbe a barre to the issue in the taile, as it was before the statute. Also it behoueth y^t all warrāties whereby any heire shalbee [Page] barred, that the warrantie discend by y^e course of y^e cō mon law, to him which is heire to him that made the warrantie, or else it shalbee no barre, for if the tenaunt in the taile, of lands in borow English, where the yongest sonne shall inheririte by the custome discontinueth y^• taile, & hath issue ii. sonnes, & y^• vncle releaseth to y^• discōtinuee with warrantie & dyeth, and the yonger sonne bringeth a Formdon, yet he shall not be barred by such warrāty causa qua supra. Also if any man make any deede with warrantie whereby his heire should be barred, and after he that made the warrantie bee attaint of felony, then his heire shall not bee barred by such warranty, for y^• that such warrantie might not discend vpon him, for y^• that the bloud is corrupt. Also if the sonne purchase lāds, & after let the lands to his father for terme of yeres, & y^• father by his déed enfeffeth a stranger, & byndeth him and his heires to warrantie, & the father dyeth, [Page 105] whereby the warrāty descendeth to y^e sonne, yet this warranty shall not barre the sonne, but y^e sonne may wel enter notwithstāding his warranty, for that that this warranty began by disseisin when the father made the feoffemēt which was a disseisin to the son, and as it is saide of the father, so it may be saide of euery other ancestour. And the same lawe is, if the auncestour be tenaunt by Elegit, or by statute marchant, and make a feoffement with warrantie, such warranties shalbe no barres, because they begin by disseisin.

238 Garrantie.

GArrantie, is when one is bounde to another which hath lande, to warrant y^e land to him, which may begin two waies▪s▪ by deede of lawe, As if one and his auncestours hath held land of another and his auncestours time out of mynde by homage, which is called Homage Auncestrel: Or by déede of y^• partie which graunteth [Page] by déede or fine to the tenāt of the land to warrant it to him: vpon which warrantie if the tenant be impleaded by him which ought to warrant, or his heires, the tenant shall barre the demandant by pleading of the warrantie againste him, which is called Rebutter: Or if he be impleaded by another in an actiō, wherein he may vouch▪ he shall ▪vouch him which warranted, or his heires, & if the plaintife recouer, the tenant shall recouer in value against y^e vouchée.

Garde.

WArde▪ is when an infant whose auncestor helde by knights seruice, is in the warde or kéeping of the Lorde, of whome those landes were holden: And if the tenaunt holde of diuers Lordes diuers landes, the Lord of whom the lande is holden by prioritie, that is to saye, by the more elder tenure, shall haue the wardship of the infant: but if one tenure be as olde as the other, then hee that first [Page 106] happeth to haue the ward of the bodie shall keepe it: But in that case euery Lord shall haue the warde of the lande that is holden of him. But if the tenaunt hold any land of the Q. in chiefe, then she by her Prerogatiue shal haue y^e ward of the bodie, & of all y^e lande that is holden of her, & of euery other Lord.

Also there bee diuers writs of warde, one is a writ of right of warde, and that lyeth where the tenant dyeth, his heire within age, & a stranger entreth into the land, and hapneth to haue the warde of the bodie of the infant.

A writ of eiectment of warde lyeth where a man is put out of the warde of the land without the bodie of the infant.

A writ of rauishment of ward lyeth where the body is taken from him only and not the land.

140 Wardeine.

WArdeine, or gardeine most properly is hee that hath the wardship or keeping of an heire, and of [Page] his lād holden by knights seruice, or of one of them to his owne vse, during the nona [...] of the heire, & within that time hath the b [...]stowing of the body of the heire, in marriage at his pleasure, without disparagement.

And of wardens there be two sorts, namely gardeine in right, & gardeine in deede.

Gardeine in right is he that by reason of his seigniory is seised of the wardship or keeping of the land, and of the heire, during the nonage of the heire.

Gardein in déed, is wher the lord after his seisin, as aforesaide, graunteth by deede or without deede, the wardship of the lande, or of the heire, or of both to an other, by force of which graunt the grauntée is in possession, then is the grauntee called gardeine in deede.

And this gardein in déed may graunt the heire to an other also, but that other is not properly called gardeine in déede for that is the grantee of the Garden [Page 107] in right only, but the garden in socage hath the profit onely to the vse of the heire, vntill he accomplish the age of xiiii. yeeres, and must yéeld therefore an account to the heire. See more hereof Lit. lib. 2. cap. 4. & 5. and Stamf. vpon the statute of Prerogatiue, cap. 1. 2. & 6.

241 Garnishment.

GArnishment is, if an action of detinue of charters bee brought against one, & the defendant sayth, that the charters were deliuered to him by the plaintife & by another vpon certaine conditions & prayeth that the other may be warned to plede with y^• plaintife if the conditions b [...]e performed or no, & thereupon a writ of Scire facias shal go foorth against him, & that is called Garnishment, & the other when he commeth shall plede with the plaintife, and that is called enterpleder.

242 Gauelet.

GAuelet, is a speciall and auncient kinde of Cessauit [Page] vsed in Kent where the custome of Gauelkind continueth: whereby the tenaunt shall forfaite his landes and tenements, to the Lord of whom they are holden if he withdraw frō [...]s Lord his due rents & seruices, after this maner as followeth.

If any tenaunt in Gauelkind, withhold his rent and his seruices of the tenement which hée holdeth of his Lorde, let the Lorde seeke by the award of his Court from thrée wéekes to thrée weekes, to find some distres vpon the tenements vntill the iiij. Court, alwaies with witnesses. And if within that tune, he can find no distres in that tenement▪ whereby he may haue Iustice of his tenant, Then at the iiij. Court let it bée awarded, that he shall take that tenement into his hande, in the name of a distresse, as if it were an oxe or a cowe, and let him kéepe it a yéere and a daye in his hande without manuringe it: within which terme if the tenaunt come and pay his [Page 108] arrerages, and make reasonable ameno [...]s for the withholding, then let him haue an [...] enioy his tenement as his auncestors, and hee before held it: and if hee doe not come before the yéere and the day past, then let the Lord goe to the next Countie Court with his witnesses of his owne Court, & pronounce there this processe to haue further witnesses, and by the awa [...]de of his Court, (after the County Court holden) he shall enter and manure in those landes and tenements as in his owne. And if the tenant come afterward, and will rehaue his tenements, and holde them as he did before, let him make agréement with the Lord, according as it is aunciently said.

Hath hée not since any thing giuen, nor hath hee not since anie thing paied: Then lette him pay v. li. for his were [...]r before hée become tenaunt or holder againe. Sée hereof 10. H. 3. Fitz Cessauit [...]0. and statute 10. E. 2. of Gauelet in London, In the Collection [Page] of statutes London 2. matter much tending to this purpose, that by this worde Gauelet the Lord shall haue the land for the ceasing of the tenant. And sée W. 2. cap. 21. which giueth Cessauit.

There be some copies that haue the first Verse thus written.

Nisith yelde, and nisith gelde.

And others thus.

Nighesith yeld, & nighesith geld.

But these differ not in signification, other copies haue it after this sort.

Nigondsith seld, and nigondsith geld.

That is to say, let him ix. times pay, and ix. times repay.

Gauelkinde.

GAuelkinde is a custome annexed, and goyng with landes in Kent called Gauelkinde lands holden by ancient Socage tenure. And is thought by the skilfull in Antiquities, to be called Gauelkinde of Gyue al kin, that is to say, to all the kindred in one lyne according as it is [Page 109] vsed among the Germās, from whom wee Englishmen, and chiefly of Kent come. Or els it is called Gauelkinde of Gyue all kind, that is to say, to all y^• male children, for kind in Dutch signifieth a male childe. And diuers other like coniectures are made by thē of the name (Gauelkind) which I omit of purpose for shortnesse sake.

The most vsuall customes of them are, That the land is diuidable betwéene the heires males, and that the heire at the age of fifteene yéeres may giue and sell his lande, and shall inherite although his father bée attainted and hanged for felonie, and his wife shalbe indowed of halfe the land, whereof her husband died seysed, and the husband shalbe tenant by the curtesie of y^• halfe although he haue no issue by his wife, but the estate of the husband & wife ceaseth by their second mariage. And diuers other customes are vsed in Kent of landes in Gauelkind, for which sée y^• Perambulation of Kent, [Page] made by M. Lambert. For which cause the residue I will omit as vnnecessarie for this booke, and intreated of largely in the said Perambulation.

Gelde.

GElde. y^• is to be quite of seruile customes which were wont to be giuen, and are yet giuen, as hornegeld and such like,

Graund Cape.

GRaund Cape, look therefore after in y^• title Petit Cape.

Graund Seriantie.

GRaunde Seriantie is, where a man holdeth of the king certaine lande by the seruice of carying his banner or launce, or to lead his hoste, or to be his caruer, or butler at his Coronation, and that is most honorable seruice and most worthie that a tenant may doe, and for that it is called graund serianty. But petit seriantie is when one holdeth of the King, paying to him yéerely a bow, a sworde, a speare, and such like, and that is but Socage in effecte, but a man cannot hold in grand [Page 110] Serieantie or by petit serieantie but of the King. Also if a tenant by grand serieantie dieth his heire being of full age the heire shal pay to the King for reliefe the value of the lands ouer the charges that he paieth to the king by grand Serieantie: but hee that holdeth by Escuage shal paye for his reliefe but C. s.

Also those that bee in the Marches of Scotlande, that holdeth of the king by Cornage, that is to blow an horne when the Scottes enter into England, are tenants in grand Serieantie.

Also where a man holdeth of the Kinge for to finde a man in his warres within the Realme, that is called graund Serieauntie, for that, that it is done by a Mans badic: And if the tenaunt cannot finde a man to doe it, then hee is bounde to doe it him selfe. And he that holdeth by graunde Serieauntie holdeth by Knightes seruice, and the King shall haue, warde, marriage and reliefe, but not of them [Page] that holdeth by petit serieantie, but the king shal not haue of them that holde by graund serieantie escuage, except that they holde by escuage. So they that hold by graund Serieantie or Escuage hold by Knights seruice. But one may hold by graund Serieantie and not by escuage, and by Escuage and not by graund Serieantie: And the Knights seruice alwayes draweth to him warde, mariage and reliefe.

Grithbrech.

GRithbrech, that is the kings peace broken, because (Grith) in English is pax in Latin.

H

Habere facias seisinam.

HAbere facias seisinam, is a writte iudicial, and it lyeth where one hath recouered certaine landes in the Kings court, then hee shall haue that writte directed to the Shirife, commaunding him to giue him seisin of that lande, and it shal not be returnable.

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249 Hangvvit.

HAngvvit, that is to bee quite of a théefe or felon hanged without iudgment, or escaped out of your custodie.

250 Hariot.

HAriot, is in two sortes, the one Hariot custome, the other Hariot seruice.

Hariot seruice (some saye) is alwaies expressed in a mans graunt or déede that hee holdeth by such seruice to paye Hariot at the time of his death, and this hariot is payable after the death of the tenant in fee simple.

Hariot custome, is wher Hariots haue béene paide time out of minde by custome. And this may bee after the death of tenaunt for life &c. but to speake thereof generally.

Hariot is the best beast (whether it be Horse, Oxe or Cowe) that the tenaunt had at y^• time of his death. And the Lorde may either seise, or take a distresse for it, whether it bee Hariot seruice, or Hariot custome, to the Lordes vse of whome the tenaunt helde [Page] by his Bailife or other officer belōging to his manor. But of right, the Lord nor his officer shoulde not take Hariot before it bee presented at the next court holden after the tenaunt is dead, and that such a beast is due to the Lorde for his hariot.

Haybote or hedgebote.

HAybote or hedgbote, is necessary stuffe to make and amende hedges, which the lessee for yeeres, or for life of common right may take vpon the grounde, to him leased, although it bee not expressed in his lease, and although it bee a lease by wordes w^tout writing.

Haybote also may be taken for necessary stuffe to make rakes, forkes, and such like instrumentes wherewith men vse in summer to tedde and make hay. And so a Lessee for yeeres tooke it, and it was allowed him by his Lessour, the rather as I suppose for that such instrumentes are commonly made of slender vnder wood, which by the cōmon [Page 112] lawe the lssée for yeres may cutte and take as is aforesaid.

252 Hidage.

Hidage, that is to be quit, if the kinge shal taxe al the land by hides.

Note that a hide of land is a whole ploughlande. And this kinde of tax [...]ng by hides was much vsed in olde time, as well for prouision of Armour, as paymentes of Money, and that chieflie in king Etheldreds daies (a king in this Countrey before the Conquest) who in the yeere of Christ 1006. when as the Danes landed at Sandwich in Kent, taxed al his land by hides thus, That euerie three hundred and tenne hides of lande, should find one ship furnished, and euery eight hides shoulde find one Iack and one sallet, for the defence of the Realme.

253 Hotchpot.

HOtchpot, is a medling, [...]or mixing together, and a partition of Landes giuen in frankmarriage, [Page] with other landes in fée simple discended, As for example, a man seised of 30. acres of lande in fee simple hath issue 2. daughters, and giueth with one of his daughters to a man that marrieth her ten acres of the same lande in frankemariage, and dyeth seised of the other twentie acres: Nowe if shee that is thus married will haue anie part of the twentie acres wherof her father died seised: She must put her landes giuen in frankmarriage in Hotchpot, that is to say, shee must refuse to take the sole profits of the lande giuen in frankemarriage, and suffer the land to bee commixt and mingled together with the other lande wherof her Father died seised, so that an equall diuision maye bee made of the whole betwéene her and her sister: and thus for her tenne acres shée shall haue fiftéene, else her Sister will haue the twentie acres of which their father died seised.

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254 Homage.

HOmage, is a seruice which shall bee made in such manner, that is to say, the tenaunt in fee simple or fee taile that holdeth by homage shall kne [...]le vpon both his knees vngirded, and the Lorde shall sit and shal holde the handes of his tenant betweene his handes, and the tenaunt shall saye. I become your man from this daye forwarde of life and member and of earthlie honour, and to you shall be faithfull and true, and shall beare to you faith for the landes that I claime to holde of you, sauing that faith that I owe to our Lorde the king, and then the Lorde so sitting shall kisse him.

But how fealtie shal bee done looke before in fealtie.

And the stewarde of the Lord may take fealtie but not homage.

255 Homage auncestrel.

HOmage auncestrell, is where a man and his ancestours of time out of mind, did hold their land of their lord by homage. And if such Lord hath receiued [Page] homage, he is bound to acquite the tenant against al other Lords aboue him of euery manner seruice. And if the tenant hath done homage to his Lorde, and be impleded and voucheth the Lorde to warrantie, the Lord is bound to warrant him, and if the tenant loose, hee shall recouer in value against the Lord so much of the landes as hee had at y^• time of y^• voucher or any time after. Also if a man that holdeth his lande by homage auncestrell alien the lande in fee, then the alienée shall doe homage to his Lorde, but he shall not hold by homage auncestrel, for that the continuance of the tenauncie in the blood of the first tenaunt is discontinued.

Homesoken.

HOmesoken, (or hamesoken) that is to bee quit of amerciaments for entring into houses violently and without licence, and contrarie to the peace of the King. And that you holde plea of such trespasse done in your Court and in your land.

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257 Homicide or Manslaughter.

HOmicide or manslaughter, is the killing of a man feloniously without malice forethought. It is also defined thus, Homicide is the killing of a man by a man, and if such killing be done by a dog, oxe, or other thing, it is not properly called homicide: for it is called homicide of a mā, and to kill as the killing of a man.

258 Hornegelde.

HOrnegelde, that is to be quit of a certaine custome exacted by tallage thorowe all the lande, as of whatsoeuer horne beast.

259 Housebote.

HOusebote, is necessarie timber, that the lessee for yeres, or for life, of common right may take vpon the ground, to repa [...]re the houses vpon y^• same groūd to him leased, although it be not expressed in the lease, & although it bee a lease by words without deed. But if he take more thē is needful, hee may be punished by [...]n action of waste.

[Page]

Hundred.

HVndredes, were deuised by Alfred the king, after that hee had deuided the whole realme into certaine partes or Sections, which of the Saxon word Scynan signifying to cuite, hee termed Shires, or (as wee yet speake) Shares, and Portions. These Shires hee also deuided into smaller parts, whereof some were called Laths of the worde Ielapian, which is to assemble together, others Tythings, so named, because there were in eache of them to the number of tenne persons, whereof eache one was Suertie and pledge for others good ob [...]aring: others hundreds, because they contained iurisdiction ouer an hundred men or pledges dwelling peraduenture in two or thrée, or more Parishes, Boroughs, or Townes, lying and adioyning neuertheles somewhat neere together, in which hee appointed administration of Iustice to bee exercised seuerally amonge them of the same [Page 115] hundred, and not that one shoulde runne out disorderly into an others hundred, lath, or tithing, wherein hée dwelleth not. These hundredes continue to this daie in force, although not altogether to the same purpose, whereunto at the first they were appoynted, yet still verie needefull both in tyme of peace for good order of gouernement diuers wa [...]es and also in warre for certeintie of leuying of men: as els for the more readie collections of paymentes granted in Parliament to the Kings and Quéenes of this Realme.

261 Hundredum.

HVndredum, that is to bee quite of money or customes to bée done to the gouernours and hundredors.

I.

Ideot.

IDeot, is hée that is a foole naturally from his birthe, and knoweth not how to accompt or number twentie pence, nor cannot name his father or mother, [Page] nor of what age himselfe is, or such like easie & common matters: so that it appeareth he hath no maner of vnderstanding of reason, nor gouernement of himselfe, what is for his profite or disprofit &c. But if he haue so much knowledge that hee can read or learne to read by instruction and information of others, or can measure an Ell of cloth, or name the dayes in the weeke, or beget a child, sonne or daughter, or such like, whereby it may appeare that hee hath some light of reason: then such a one is no Ideot naturally.

Idemptitate nominis.

IDemptitate nominis, is a writ, and it lyeth where a writ of debt, couenant, or accompt, or such other writ is brought against a man, and another that hath the same name as the defendant hath is takē for him, then he shall haue this writ, by the which the Shirife shall make inquirie before the Iustice [Page 116] assigned in the same countie, if he be the same person or not▪ & if he bee not found to be y^• partie, then he shall go without day in peace.

264 Ieofaile.

IEofaile, is when the parties to any s [...]ite in pleading haue procéeded so far that they haue ioyned issue, which shalbe tryed or is tryed by a Iury or enquest. And this pleading or issue is so badly pleaded or ioyned, that it wilbe error if they procéede: Then some of the saide parties may by their Counsel shew it to the Court as well after verdict giuen and before iudgement, as before the Iury be charged. The shewing of which defectes before the Iurie charged was often when the Iury came into the Court to trie the issu: then the Counsell which will shew it, shal say, This enquest ye ought not to take; And if it bee after verdict, then he may say, to iudgement you ought not to go. And because such many delaies were in suits, diuers [Page] statutes are made to redresse them, aswell in the time of king H. 8. in the 32 yere ca. 30. as in the time of the Queene that nowe is: wherof a man may saye as the Ciuilians say, that although Constantine the Emperor commanded the formes of the law to be cut off, yet the daily vse of pleading doth séeme againe to recall them, or rather, some of them increase as y^• heds of Hidra.

Vnlawfull assembly.

VNlawfull assemblie, is where people assemble themselues together to do some vnlawfull thing against the peace, although that they execute not their purpose in déede.

Imparlance.

IMparlance, is when an action of debt, trespas, or such like is brought against a man, & after that the plainlife hath counted or declared, the defendant prayeth the Court, that hee may haue time to put in his aunswere to [Page 117] another daye in the same terme, or in the next terme following, this stay of aunswere is called imparlance.

267 Imprisonment.

IMprisonment, is no other thing, but the restraint of a mans libertie, whether it be in the open field or in the stockes, or cage in the streates, or in a mans owne house aswell as in the common gaole. And in all these places the partie so restrayned is said to be a prisoner, solong as hee hath not his libertie fréely to goe at all times whether he will, without Baile, Mainprise, or other aucthoritie.

268 Infangthefe.

INfangthefe, that is, that theeues taken within your demesne or [...]ee conuicted of theftes, shall bee iudged in your Court.

269 Information.

INformation, for y^• Quéen is that, which for a common person [...]s called a [Page] declaration, and is not alwayes done directly by the Queene, or her Atturney, but rather by some other man, who sueth or informeth as well for himselfe vpon the breach of some penall lawe or Statute, wherein a penaltie is giuen to the partie that will sue for the same, but no action of debt to re [...]ouer it, then it must be had by information.

Ioyntenants.

IOintenants be wher two men come to any lands & tenements by one ioynt title: As if a man giue landes to two men and to their heires.

But Tenants in common bee where two men haue landes by seuerall titles, or by feoffement to ii. to haue & to holde the one halfe to one & his heires, & the other half to another and his heires, in all these cases none of them knoweth his seuerall, as it shall be said after.

And note wel, if there be two or thrée ioyntenants, and one hath issue & dyeth, [Page 118] then hee and those ioyntenaunts that ouerline shall haue the whole by the suruiuor.

But if two iointenants make partitō betwéen thē by deed by agreement, then they be seuerall tenants.

But if one ioyntenaunt graunt that that belongeth to him to a straunger, then the other ioyntenaunt and the stranger be tenants in common.

And though two tenants in cōmon be seised throghlie and of the whole, and none knoweth his seueral, yet if one die the other shall not haue the whole by the suruiuor, but his heir shall haue the halfe.

And so if there bee thrée Iointenaunts, and one of them maketh feoffement of his part to another, and the feoffee dieth, then his heire shall haue the third parte, and the other two bee ioyntenants as they were, because that they two be seysed by one ioint title.

Also if landes bee giuen to the Baron and to his wife, and the husband alieneth and dyeth, the wife [Page] shal recouer the whole: but if they were iointenants before the couerture, then in such case shée shall recouer but the halfe.

Also if land be giuen to the husband & to his wife, and a third person, if the thirde person graunt that that belongeth to him, the one halfe passeth by this grant, for that, that the baron & his wife be but one person in the lawe, and in this case they haue nothing in right but y^e halfe.

Also if two Iointenants bée of landes in a Towne which is borough English, where lande is deuisable, and one by his testament deuiseth that, that belongeth to him to a strā ger and dieth, this deuise is void, and the other shall haue the whole by suruinor, for that the deuise may not take effecte till after the death of the deuisor, and immediate after the death of the deuisor, the right commeth to the other ioyntenant suruiuor, the which claymeth nothing by the deuisor but in his own right by the suruinor: [Page 119] But otherwise it is of Parceners seised of lands deuisable, causa qua supra.

271 Indicauit.

INdicauit is a writ, and lieth where debate is betwéene ij. Clerkes in court Christian of one Church, or part of a Church, for dismes which amounteth at the least to the value of the iiij part of the Church, & for that that the patron of the Clerke of the defendant shall léese his aduowson if the clerk of the plaintife shall recouer it, he shall haue a writ directed to the clerke of the plaintife, or to the officers of the Court christian, them commaunding to cease their plée, vntill it is discust in the Kings court to whom the aduowson belongeth, And the writte shalbe betwéene fower persons, two shalbe patrons, and two shalbe clerkes. But this writ is not returnable: but if they cease not their suit, he shall haue an Attachment.

272 Iointure.

IOinture is an estate and assurance made to a womā in consideration of mariage [Page] for terme of her life▪ or otherwise, as is mentioned in the statute 27. H. 8. cap. 10. whether it be before or after the mariage. And if it be after the marriage, then shee may at her libertie after the death of her husband refuse to take or haue the landes so assured for her iointure, & demaund her dower at the common law: But if it be made before mariage, then shée may not refuse such ioynture, nor haue dower according to the common law, vnlesse that when shée bringeth her writte of dower, the defendant pledeth such a plée that will not barre her of her dower, thē she shalbe endowed: As if he say in barre, that her husband was not seysed of such estate whereof shée might be endowed, or anie such plée, & doth not shewe that shée hath a ioynture made &c. and therefore demādeth iudgement of that action, or iudgement if shée shalbe also endowed, or anie such lyke plée &c. And this was the opinion of the right worshipfull Master [Page 120] Brograue, at his Reading in Grayes Inne in summer An. 1567. 18. El. vpō a branch of the statute made An. 27. H. 8. ca. 10. concerning iointures & dowers.

And by him of those things whereof a woman may bée endowed, shée may haue iointure as of mines, vesturam terre, woodes, Townes, Iles, Meadowes, and such like. Also of an aduow on, of a reuersion depending vppon an estate for life, of a windmill, a high Chamber, a rectorie and such other, and they are called Tenementes. Also of a villen, for hée is an hereditament. And of all these profite may come to the woman. But of those thinges whereof no profite will come, but rather a charge, a iointure cannot be made.

L.

283 Theft.

THeft, is a wrongfull takyng awaie of an other mans goods, but not from his person, with a minte to steale them, agaynst [Page] his will whose goods they were.

And thefie is in two sorts, the one so called simply, and the other pety or little theft.

The first is where the thing stolē excéedeth y^e value of xij. d. & that is felony.

The other (which is called little or petite theft) is where the thing stollen doeth not exceede the value of xij. d. and that is no felony.

Lastage.

LAstage, that is to be quit of a certaine custome exacted in faires & markets for carrying of thinges where a man will.

Leases.

LEases bée graunts or demises by one which hath any estate in any hereditaments of those hereditaments to on other for a lesser time, and they be in diuers maners, that is to say for terme of life, for terme of yéeres, for terme of an others life, and at will.

Also a lease of lande is as good without déede as with déede.

But in a lease for terme [Page 121] of life, it behoueth to giue liuerte and seisin vpon the lande, or else nothing shall passe by the grant, because that they bée called freeholdes.

Also a lease of a common or rent, may not bee good without déede.

But of a Parsonage, it is good without déede, for that that the Church which is the principall, may passe well ynough without déede, and so the dismes & offeringes which bée as accessarie to the Church.

But dismes & offringes by thē s [...]lfe may not be let without déed as it is said.

286 Lessor and Lessee.

LEssor, is hée that lesseth landes or tenements to an other for terme of life, yéeres, or at will and he to whom the leafe is made, is called lessée.

287 Leuant & Couchant.

LEuant and Couchant is saide, whch the beastes or Cattell of a Straunger are come into an other mans grounde, and there haue remained a certaine good space of time.

[Page]

Ley.

LEy, is when an action of debt is brought agaynst one vpō some secret iudgement or contract had betweene the parties without especialty shewed, or other matter of Record: as in an action of Detinue for some goods or chattels lent or left with the defendant, then the defendant may wage his lawe, that is to say, to sweare vpon a booke and certaine persons with him that he deteyneth not y^e goods or oweth nothing to the plaintife in manner and forme as hée hath declared.

And it is allowed onely in cases of secrecie where the plaintife cannot proue the surmise of his suit by any déed or open acte: or the defendant might discharge it priuily betwéene them without any writing of acquitāce or publike act, and therfore in an actiō of debt vpon a leas for terme of yéeres or vpon arrerages of accōpt before Auditors assigned a man shall not wage his Law.

But whē one shal wage [Page 122] his law he shal bring with him vj. viij. or xij. of his neighbours as the Court shall assigne him, to sweare with him, much like vnto the othe which they make which are vsed in the common lawe to purge others of any crime laide against them, which are called cō purgators.

Note that the making of the othe is called wager of lawe, And when it is accomplished, then is it called, the doing of your law.

And also if the Sherife in any action returne that hée hath summoned the defendaunt to appeare in Courte at anie daye, to aunswere the plaintife, at whiche daye hee maketh default, procese shall bee awarded agaynst him to come & saue or excuse his default: which is asmuch to say, as to excuse the deley, or otherwise to loose the thing demanded, And then the def. commeth and will sweare that hee was not summoned, which is called waging of law, Thē he ought to doe it at the day [Page] assigned with twelue others, And in dooing of his lawe hée ought vppon his [...]the affirme directly the contrary of that which is imputed to him▪ but the others shall not say, but that they thinke that hée faith the trueth.

Libertate probanda.

LIbertate probanda, looke for that in the title de Natiuo habendo.

Liuery of seisin.

LIuerie of seisin, is a ceremonie vsed in conueyance of lands or tenements where an estate in fee simple, fée taile, or a fréeholde shall passe: and it is a testimoniall of the willing departinge by him: who makes the liuery from the thing whereof liuerie is made: And the receiuing of the liuery, is a willing acceptance by the other partie, of all that whereof the other hath dismissed himselfe: And was inuented as an open and notorious thing, by meanes whereof the common people might haue knowledge of the passing or alteration of estates from man to [Page 123] man, that thereby they might bée the better able to trie in whom the right and possession of landes and tenementes were, if they should bée impanelled in Iuries, or otherwise haue to do concerning the same.

The common maner of deliuerie of [...]eysin is after this sorte [...]e: If it bée in the open field where is no building or house, then one that can reade taketh the writing in his hande, if the estate shall passe by déede, and declareth to the standers by the cause of their méeting there together &c. and then openly readeth the déede, or declare the effect thereof in English, and after that it is Sealed, the partie who is to depart from the grounde, taketh the deede in his handes together with a clodde of the earth▪ and a twigge or bowe if any bée there, and all this hée deliuereth to the other partie in the name of possession or seysin; according to the forme and effect of the déede which before [Page] them was there reād or declared, But if there bee [...] dwelling house or building vpon the land, then this is done there at the doore of the same; none being left at that time within the house, and the partie deliuereth all the aforesaide together with the ring of the doore in the name of seisin or possession, and he that receiueth the liuerie entreth in first alone and shutteth too the doore, and presently openeth it again, and letteth them in &c. If it be of a house whereto is no lande or grounde, the liuerie is made and possession taken by the deliuerie of the ring of the doore and déede onely. And where it is without déede either of landes or tenementes, there the partie declareth by worde of mouth before witnesse, the estate that he meaneth to departe with, and then deliuereth seisin or possession in maner as is beforesaid: and [...]o the land or tenement doth passe as well where there is no déede as by déede, & that by force of the liuery of seisin: [Page 124] It was agreed in Grayes Inne by the right worshipfull Master Snagge, at his reading there in summer Anno 1574. that if a feoffor deliuer the deed in viewe of the lande, in name of seisin that it is good, because that he hath a possession in himself. But otherwise it is of an Atturney, for hee must goe to the land, and take possession himselfe, before that hee can giue possession to another, according to y^• words of his warrant &c. And where liuerie of seisin is by viewe, if the feoffée doe not enter after &c. nothing posseth, for he ought to enter indéede.

291 Lotherwite.

LOtherwite, that is that you may take amendes of him which doth defile your bondwoman without your licence.

M.

292 Mahim or Maime.

MAhim, is where by the wrongfull [...]cte of another, any member is hurt or token away, whereby the partie so hurte is made [Page] vnperfecte to fight: As if a bone bee taken out of the heade: or a bone be broken in anie other parte of the body: or a foote, or hande, or finger, or ioynte of a foote, or any member bee cutte: or by some wounde the sinewes bee made to shrinke, or other [...]e [...]ber, or the fingers made cr [...] ked, or if anie eye be putte out, or the foreteeth broken, or anie other▪ thing hurte in a mans bodie by meanes whereof hee is made the les [...]e [...]bte [...]idefend himselfe or offend his enemie.

But the cutting off of an eare, or nose, or breaking of the hinder teeth, or such lik [...], is no [...]a [...]him▪ because it is rather a deformitie of the [...] bodie▪ then diminishing of strength; and that is comma [...]l [...]e tryed by beholding the partie by the Iustices. And if the Iustices stand in doubt whether the hurt be a ma [...]m or not, they vse, [...]nd will of their great discretion take the helpe and opinion of so [...]ne skilful Surgeon [...] ▪ to consider [Page 125] thereof, before they determine vpon the case.

293 Mainprise▪

MAinprise, is whē a men is arrested by Capias, then the Iudges may deliuer his bodie to certaine men for to keepe and to bring him before them, at a certaine daie, and these b [...]e called mainp [...]nors, and if the partie appear not at y^• day assigned, the main pernors shalbe amer [...].

254 Mannour▪

MAnnour, is a thinge compounde of diuers things, as of a house, land arrable, Pasture, Meadowe, wood, rent▪ [...] son, court Baron▪ and such like make a Man [...]r. And this ought to be [...] by long continuance of [...] to the cōtrarso whereof [...] memor [...]e cannot discerne: for at this days a Mannour cannot bee made, because a Courte Baron cannot now be made, and a Mannour cannot b [...] without a Court Baron, and suters or fréeholders, two at the leaste, for if all the freeholdes except one e [...]cheat [Page] to the Lorde, or if hee purchase all except one, there his manor is gone, for that it cannot [...]e a manor without a court Baron (as is aforesaid.) And [...] Courte Baron cannot bee holden but before suters, and not before [...]ne suter, & therfore where but one fréeholde or fréeholderis▪ there cannot bee a manor properly, although in common spéech it may be called a manor.

Manumission.

MAnumission, is in two sortes, the one is a manumission expressed, the other a manumission implied or secrete.

Manumission expressed is when the Lord maketh a déede to his villeine to infranchise him by this word (manumittere) which is as much to say, as to le [...] one go out of another mās handes or power.

The manner of Manumitting or infranchising in olde time moste vsually was thus: The Lord (in presence of his neighbours) tooke the bondman by the head saying, I will [Page 126] that this man be frée, and therwith shoued them forward out of his handes, & by this hee was free without more ado [...].

Manumission [...]plyed without this warde (Manumittere) is when the Lorde maketh▪ an obligation to his villeine to paye him money at a certaine day, or sueth him where hee might enter without suit, or graunteth vnto his villeine an annuitie, or leaseth lande to him by déede for yeres, or for life, and in diuers such like cases, the villeine thereby is made free.

296 Maximes.

MAximes be the foundations of the lawe, and the conclusions of reason, and are causes efficient, and certaine uniuersall propositions so sure and perfect, that they may not be at any time impeached or impugned, but ought alwayes to bee obserued & holden as strong principles and auctorities of them selues, although [Page] they cannot bee proued by force, of argument or demonstrations logicall, but are knowen by induction by the way of sence and memoris: As for example, it is a Maxime that i [...] a mā haue is [...] two sonnes by diuers women, and the one of them purchase landes in fee and dyeth without: issue, the other brother shall neuer bee his heire & [...].

Also it is another maxime, that lands shall discēd from the father to y^• sonne, but not from the sonne to the father, for that is an ascention &c. And diuers like there be.

Maynour.

MAynour, is when a theefe hath stollen, and is followed with hue and criē and taken, hauing that sound about him which he stole, that is called y^• maynour▪ And s [...] w [...] commonly vs [...] to [...]ye▪ when wee finde [...] doing of an vnlawfull ac [...] ▪ that we tooke him with the may [...]our, or manner.

[Page 127]

298 Maintenance.

MAintenance, is where any man giueth or deliuereth to another that is plaintife or defendant in any action, any summe of money or other thing for to maintaine his plee, or els maketh extreme labour for him when he hath nothing therewith to doe, then the partie grieued shal haue against him a writ called a writ of Maintenance.

299 Mesne.

MEsne, is where the owner of landes or tenements holdeth of one by certaine seruice [...], and hee holdeth them of an other by like or other seruices, then hee which holdeth the lands is called tenant perauaile, and he of whome it is held is called Mesne, & he of whome the Mesne holdeth, is called cheefe lord. And in this case if the lorde aboue distraineth the tenant for the seruice of the Mesne, which ought to acquit him to the lord aboue, then the tenant shal haue a writ against the Mesne, which is called a writ of [Page] Mesne, & if he come not to acquit the tenant, then the mesne shall lose the seruice of the tenant & shalbe foreiudged of his seigniory, & the tenant shalbee tenant immediate to the chiefe lord, & shal do the same seruice & suits as the Mesne did to the Lord.

Misprision.

MIsprision, is when one knoweth that another hath committed treason or felony, and will not discouer him to the Queene or to the Councell, or to any Magistrate, but doth concea [...]e the same. Diuers other offences be called misprision, as when a Chapleine had fixed an old seale of a Patent to a new Patent of Non residence, and this was holden to bee Misprision of Treason onely, and no counterfaytinge of the Queenes scale.

Also if a man know money to bee counterfait, and bring the same out of Irelande hyther into England, and vtter it in payment, this is but Misprision [Page 128] of Treason, and no Treason, and so it is in diuers such like cases.

And in all cases of misprision of Treason, y^• partie offendour shall forfaite his goods for euer, and the profits of his landes for terme of his life, & his body to prison at the Quéens pleasure.

And for Misprision of felony or trespasse, the offender shalbee cōmitted to prison vntil he haue found sureties or pledges for his fine, which shalbee assessed by the discretion of the Iustices before whome he was conuict.

And note that in euery Treason or felony is included Misprisiō, & where any hath committed treason or felony, the Queene may cause the same to bee indicted & arraigned but of Misprision only if she wil. See more hereof Stamford his first booke.

301 Shewing of deedes or Recordes.

SHewing of deedes or Recordes, is, as if for example, an action of debt [Page] be broght against one vpō an obligation by one or by executors &c. there after that the plaintife hath declared, hee ought to shewe his obligation, & the executor y^• testamēt to y^• Court, & so it is of Recorde.

And the diuersitie betwéene shewing of déedes or Recordes, & hearing of déeds or Records, is thus: he that pleades the deedes or record, or declares vpon it, to him it doth appertain to shewe the same. And the other against whome such deede or record is pleaded or declared, & is thereby to be charged, may demaund hearing of the same deede or record, which his aduersatie bringeth or pleadeth against him.

Mortdauncester.

MOrtdauncester, Looke therefore in the title Cosinage.

Monstrauerunt.

MOnstrauerunt, is a writ and it lyeth for the tenāts in auncien demesne, and is directed vnto the [Page 129] lorde, him commaunding that he distrain not his tenant for to do other seruice that he ought not to doe, and they may haue this writ directed to the shirife that he suffer not the lorde to distraine the saide tenants for to doe other seruice. Also if the tenants cannot bee in quiet they may haue an attachment against the lorde to appeare before the Iustice, & all the names of the tenāts shall bee put in that writ, though but one of them be greeued onely.

Also if any landes in auncient demesne be in variance betweene the tenants, then the tenant so greeued shall haue against the other a writ which is called of Right close after the custome of the manor, and that shall bee alway brought in the lords court and there he shall declare in the nature of what writ hee will, as his case lyeth, and this writ shall not be remoued but for a great cause or no power of the Court.

Also if the Lorde in [Page] another place out of auncient demesne distraine his tenant to do other seruice then he ought, he shal haue a writ of right, called Ne iniuste vexes, and it is a writ of right patent which shalbe tryed by battell or Grand assise.

Mortgage or Morgage.

MOrtgage or Morgage is when a man maketh a feoffement to another on such condition, that if the feoffour paye to the feoffee at a certaine daye xl. li. of money, that then the feoffour may reenter &c. in this case the feoffee is called tenaunt in Morgage. And as a man may make a feoffement in fee in Morgage, so hee may make a gyft in taile, or a lease for terme of life, or for terme of yeeres in morgage. And it seemeth that the cause why it is called Mortgage, is for that it standeth in doubt, whether the feoffour will pay the money at the daye appoynted or not, and if hee faile to paye, then the [Page 130] lande which hee layde in gage vppon condition of payment of the money, is gone from him for euer & so dead to him vpon condition: but if he pay the money, then is the gage dead as to the tenant, that is to say, the feoffee, and for this cause it is called in Latine Mortuum vadium, as Master Littleton sayth, or rather mortuum vas, as I thinke.

Also if a feoffement bee made in morgage vpon cō dition that if the feoffour pay such a summe at such a day &c. And the feoffour dye before the day, then if the heire of the feoffour pay the same summe at the same day to the feoffee and the feoffee refuseth it, then the heire of the feoffour may enter, but in such a case, if there bee no day of payment expressed, then such tender of the heire is voyde, for that that when the feoffour dyeth, the time of tender is past, or otherwise the heires of the feoffor shall haue time of the tender for euer, which shal be inconuenient, that one [Page] shall haue a fee simple to him and to his heires which shalbee defesible alwayes at the pleasure and wil of others, but in the first case the time of tender was not expired by y^e death of the feoffor.

Moderata misericordia.

MOderata misericordia, is a writ, and it lyeth where a man is amerced in court Baron or county more then he ought to be, then he shal haue this writ directed to the shirif if it be in the county or to the bailife: fit be in the court baron comanding them that he amerce him not, but hauing regard to the quantitie of the trespas, & if they do not vpon this writ, then shal go forth against them, a sicut alias, and Causam nobis significes & after that an attachement.

Mortmaine.

MOrtmaine, is where lāds be giuē to a house of religion, or to another company which be corporate by the kings graunt, [Page 131] then the land is come into mortmaine, that is to saye in English, a dead hand, & then the king or the Lorde of whome the lande is holden, may enter as it appeareth by the Statute de Religiosis, Therefore sée the statute. Also if one make a feoffement vpon trust to certain persons to the vse of a house of Religion, or to the vse of any guyld or fraternitie corporate, then it shalbee saide mortmaine, and then hee shal run in the same paine, as it appeareth by the statute Anno. 15. R. 2.

307 Mulier.

MVlier, is a word vsed in our law, but how aptly I cannot well learn: For according to the proper signification, Mulier is a defiled woman, like as it is vsed by Vlpianus in a certaine place after this sort. If I thought that I had bought a Virgin when she was a defyled woman, the bargaine was not good. Hereby you may sée, that Mulier is a woman y^• hath had the company of a man. [Page] But to leaue the right signification, Mulier is taken in our law for one that is lawfully begotten and borne: and is alwaies vsed in comparison with a bastard, onely to shew a difference betwéene them, as thus for example. A man hath a sonne of a woman before marriage, that is called a bastarde, and vnlawfull. And after he marrieth, the Mother of the bastard, and they haue another sonne, this seconde sonne is called Mulier, that is to say lawfull, and shall bée heire to his father: but that other cannot bée heire to anie man, because it is not knowen nor certeine in the iudgemēt of the law, who was his father, and for that cause is said to bée no mās sonne, or the sonne of the people, and so without father, according to these old verses.

To whom the people father is, to him is father none and all.

To whom the people father is, well fatherlesse we may him call.

And alwayes you shall [Page 132] finde this addition to them (Bastard eldest, & mulier yongest) when they be cō pared together.

308 Murder.

MVrder, is a wilfull killing of a man vpon malice forethought, and séemeth to come of the Saxon worde Mordren which so signifieth: And Mordridus, is the murdered euen vntill this day amōg them in Saxonie, from whence we haue most of our words as hath bin often said. Or it may be deriued of Mort and dire, as mors dira: Sée Stamford Plees of the Coron lib. 1.

N.

309 Natiuo habendo.

NAtiuo habendo, is a writ, and it lieth where the villein or niefe of the Lorde is gone from him, then the Lorde shall haue this writte directed to the Shirife that he make his Lord to haue his villeine or niefewith al his goods. Also in this writ more villeins or niefes may not be demaunded then twayne, but as many villeynes or [Page] niefes as will, iointly may bring a writ De libertate probanda. Also if a villeyne or niefe bring his writ De libertate probanda, before that the Lorde bring his writ, then the villeine pl' shall be in peace till the comming of the Iustice, or else his writ shall not helpe him.

Also if a villeine haue tarried in auncien demesne one yeere and a day without claime of the Lord, thē he cannot seise him in the said fraunchise.

Ne admittas.

NE admittas is a writte directed to the Bishop at the suite of one which is patron of any Church, and hée doubteth that the Bishop will collate one his Clerke, or admit an other Clerke presented by an other man to the same benefice: then hée that doubteth it shall haue this writ to forbid the Shirife to collate or admit any to that Church.

Non omittas propter libertatem.

NOn omittas propter libertatem is a writ, and [Page 133] it lieth where the Shirife returneth vpon a writ to him directed, that hee hath sent to the Baylife of such a franchise which hath returne of writs, and he hath not serued the writ, then the plaintife shal haue this writ directed to the Shirife, that he himselfe enter into the franchise and execute the kings writ.

Also the Shirife shall warne the Baylife that hée be before the Iustice at the day contayned in the writte, and if hée come not and excuse himselfe, then all the writtes iudicials which shall passe out of the Kinges court during the same plee, shalbe writs De non admittas &c. and the Shirife shal make execution of them hanging that plée.

312 Negatiua pregnans.

NEgatiua pregnans, is when an action or information, or such lyke is brought against one, & the defendant pleadeth in barre of the action, or otherwise, a negatiue plée, which is not so speciall [Page] an aunswere to the action, but that it includeth also an affirmatiue: As for example: If in a writte of Entre in casu prouiso, brought by him in the reuersion vpon alienation by the tenant for life, supposing that hée hath aliened in fée (which is a forfaiture of his estate) and the tenant to the writte sayeth that hee hath not aliened in fee, this is a negatiue, wherein is included an affirmatiue: for although it bée true, that he hath not aliened in fée, yet it may bée that hée hath made an estate in tayle (which is also a forfaiture) and then the entrie of him in the reuersion is lawfull &c.

Also in a Quare impedit the Quéene makes title to present to a Prebend, for that the temporalties of the Bishopricke we [...]e in her handes by the death of w. late Bishop▪ &c. The defendant saith that it was not voyde béeing the Temporalties in the Quéenes handes by the death of w. this is a [Page 134] Negatiue preignans, for it may be in y^• Quéens hāds otherwise then by the death of w. and it sufficeth the Quéen if it be in her hāds by any meanes &c.

So it is where an Information was brought in the Eschequer against I. S. for that he bought wooll betwene shering time and the Assumptiō such a yere of I. N. The defendant saith that he did not buy anie of I. N. as it is alleadged &c. this is called a Negatiue preignans, for it hee bought it o [...] anie other, yet he is culpable for the buying.

313 Ne iniuste vexes.

NE iniuste vexes, Looke therefore before in the title Monstrauerunt.

314 Niefe.

NIefe, is a woman that is bounde, or a villeine woman, but if she marrie a free man, shee is thereby made frée, because that she and her husbande are but one person in lawe, and shee ought to bee of the same nature and condition in lawe to all intents that her husbande is. [Page] But her husbande is frée to all intents without anie condition in law or otherwise: and so by consequens the wife ought to be, and is free according to the nature of her free husbande, & then if she were once frée & cleerely discharged of bondage to al intents, shee can not be niefe after without especiall acte done by her, as diuorce, or confession in court of record, and that is in fauour of liberty, and therfore a frée woman shall not bee bound by taking of a villeine to her husbande: But their issue shalbe villeins as their father was, which is contrary to the Ciuil lawe, for there it is said, the birth followeth the bellie.

Bondage or Villenage had beginning among the Hebrues, and his originall proceeding of Chanaan the Sonne of Cham, who because that he had mocked his Father Noe to scorne, lying dissolutelie when hee was drunk, was punished in his Son Chanaan with penaltie of bondage.

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315 Nihil dicit.

NIhil dicit, is when an action is brought against a man, and the defē dant appeares, the plaintif declares, and the defendaunt will not answere, or pledes to the action, & doth not maintaine his plee, but makes default, nowe vpon this default, he shalbe condemned, because hee saith nothing.

316 Nisi prius.

NIsi prius, is a writ iudiciall, and it lieth when an inquest is empanelled and returned before the Iustices in the bench, then the plaintife or defendante maie haue this writte directed to the Shirife, him commanding that he cause the Countrey to come before the Iustices in the same countie, at their comming to be determined, and that for the easing of the enquest.

317 Nomination,

NOmination, is where one may in right of his Mannour or otherwise, nominate and appointe a worthy Clerke or men to a Parsonage, Vicarage, [Page] or such like spirituall promotion. And note that this nomination ought to bee to another then the ordinarie, which other shall present him to the Ordinarie.

Nonabilitie.

NOnabilitie, is where an actiō is brought against one, and the defendāt saith that the plaintife is not able to sue a [...]ie action, and demandeth iudgment if he shalbe answered. There are sixe causes of nonabilitie in the plaintife, as if hee bee an outlawe, or an alien borne, but that disability is in actions reals and mixt onely, and not in actions personals, except hee be an alien enemie, or condempned in premunire, or professed into an Abbey, Priorie or Fryarie, or excommunicate, or a villeine, and sueth his Lorde, but this last is no plee for another that is not Lord to the villaine. See more hereof in Littleton. lib. 2. cap. 11.

Bare, or naked Contract.

BAre Contract, or naked promise, is where a [Page 136] man bargaineth or selleth his lands or goods, or promiseth to giue to one money, or a horse, or to build a house, or doe such a thing at such a day, and there is no recompence appointed to him for the doing thereof. As if one say to another, I sell or giue to you all my landes or goods. And there is nothing appointed, assigned, or agreed vpon what the other shall giue or paie for it, so that there is not one thing for another, this is a naked Contract, and voide in lawe, and for not performance thereof no action lyeth, for of a naked Contract commeth no action.

320 Nusaunce.

NVsaunce, is where any man leuieth any wal or stoppeth any water, or doth anie thing vpon his owne grounde to the vnlawfull hurt and annoyance of his neighbour, he that is grieued may haue therof an assise of Nusance. Also if he that make the Nusance alien y^e land to another, thē this writ shallbee brought [Page] against them both as it appeareth by y^e statute westminster 2. chap 24.

Nuper obiit.

NVper obiit, is a writte and it lyeth where one hath manie heires, that is to say, manie Daughters or manie Sones, if it be in gauell kinde in Kent, and dyeth seised, and one heire entreth into all the lande, then the other that bee holden out, shall haue this writte against the coheire that is in. But a writ de Rationabili parte lyeth in such case where the auncestor was once seised, and died not seised of the possession, but in reuersion.

O.

Oredelfe.

ORedelfe, is where one claiymes to haue the ore that is founde in his soile or ground.

Outfangthiefe.

OVtfangthiefe, that is, that theeues or felons of your lande, or fee, out of your land or fée taken with felony or stealing, shall be brought back to your court and there iudged.

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324 Oweltie.

OWeltie, is when there is Lorde, Mesne, and tenaunt, and the tenaunt holdeth of the Mesne by the same seruices, that the mesne holdeth ouer of the Lord aboue him. As if the tenāt hold of the mesne by homage, fealty, and xx. s. of rent yerely, and the mesne holdeth ouer of the Lord aboue by homage, fealtie, and xx. shillings rent also, this is called Oweltie of seruices.

325 Hearing of recordes and deedes &c.

HEaring of recordes and deedes, is as for example, an action of debte bee brought against a man vpon an obligation, and the defendant appeares to the action, and thē praieth that he may hear the obligation wherewith the plaintife chargeth him.

So it is when as executors bring an action of debt, and the defendant demaundeth to heare the testament, vpon this demaunde it shall be read vnto the defendant. But if it be in another terme or after [Page] that the defendant hath imparled, then he shall not heare it. And so asis said of deeds, is to be vnderstood of Records that are alleaged against him.

Oier & Terminer.

OIer & Terminer, is a writ called in latin de Audiendo & terminando, & it lyeth where anie great or sodaine insurrection is made or any other sodaine trespasse which requireth hastie reformation, thē the King shall directe a Commission to certain men and Iustices to heare and to determine the same.

Note that euerie Iustices of Assise haue also one Commission of Oier and determiner, directed to thē and diuers other inhabitantes within the shires, whereunto their circuite extendeth, whereof ech one of the Iustices of Assise are of the Quorum, for the hearing and determining of diuers offences, which may h [...]ppen in their circuite, which without y^t commission they could not.

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P.

Pape.

PApe, is an ancient name falsly arrrogated, or proudly vsurped by the Bishop of the onely Citie of Rome in Italie, and is commonly Englished the Pope, a name truely much frequented in our auncient yeere Bookes, specially in the times of those kinges, who too much abandoning their Imperiall authoritie, and abasing themselues farre beneathe their estate, were not ashamed to suffer an alien and outlandish Bishoppe, that dwelt aboue fiftéene hundred miles from them, to bee Soueraign ouer them in their owne dominions, and to take from them not onely the disposition of certaine small trifles of none accompt, but also the nomination of Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Deanes, Prouosts, appropriation of benefices, presentations to Parsonages, Vicarages, and generallie of all Spirituall persons to their preferments [Page] sometimes by lapse, and sometimes by prouision or otherwise, whereby the Kinges Princelie Prerogatiue was verie much abridged within their own Realmes. For the repression wherof diuers statutes were made, but no sufficiēt remedy vntil King Henrie the 8. did cast off their yoke for him & his subiects.

Per que seruitia.

LOoke therefore afterwarde in the title, Quid iuris clamat.

Parceners.

PArceners, are according to the course of the common lawe, and according to the custome. Parceners according to the common lawe are where an inheritor hath no issue but daughters, and dyeth, and the tenements discende to the daughters, thē they be called Parceners, and are but as one heir, The same law is, if he haue not any issue, and that his sisters should be his heirs. But if a man hath but one daughter, she is not called parcener, but shee is called the daughter and heir. And if there be no [Page 139] daughters nor sisters, the lande shall discend to the aunts, and they bee called parceners. Also whē lands discend to diuers parceners, they may make partition between themselues by agréement, but if any of them will not make partition, then the other or the others shal haue a writ de Participatione facienda direct to the shirife, who shall make partition betweene them by the oth of xii. lawfull men of the bailiwike. Also partitiō by agréement may be made by the law, aswel by word without deed, as by déed. And if they bee of ful age the partition shal remaine for euer, and shall not at any time be defeated. But if the lands be to them in the tail, and though that they are concluded during their liues, yet the issue of him which hath the lesser part in value, may disagrée from the partition, and enter and occupie in common with the other parte. And also if the husbandes of the parceners make partition, when the husbande dyeth, the wife may disagrée [Page] from the partition. Also if the parcener which is within age make partitiō, when shee commeth to full age she may disagree. But shee must take good heede when she cometh to her sui age that she take not al the profits to her own vse of y^e landes which were to her allotted, for then she agréeeth to the partition, & y^e age shall alway extend to the age of xxi. yeares.

Also if there bee diuers Parceners that haue made partition betwéene them, & one of their partes be recouered by lawfull title, then shee shal compell the other to make a newe partition.

Also they are parceners accordinge to custome, where a man is scises of landes in Gauelkinde, as in Kent & in other places franchised, and hath issue diuers sonnes & die, then the sonnes are parceners by custome.

Partition.

PArtition, is a deuiding of lands discended by y^• common Lawe, or by custome [Page 140] among coheires or parceners where there be ii. at the least, whether they be sonnes, daughters, sisters, auntes, or otherwise of kinne to the auncestor from whome the lande discended to them.

And this partition is made foure wayes for the most parte, whereof three are at pleasure and by agreemēt among them, the fourth is by compulsion.

One partition by agréement is when they themselues deuide the lande equally into so many parts, as there bee of them coparceners, and eache to choose one share or parte, the eldest first, and so the one after another, as they be of age, except that the eldest by consent made the partition, then the choyse belongeth to the next, and so to the eldest last, according as it is saide: who so maketh the partition, the other must haue the choyse.

Another partition by agréement is when they choose certaine of their [Page] friends to make diuision for them.

The thirde partition by agréement is by drawing of lottes thus: First, to deuide the land into so many partes as there be parceners, then to writ euery part seuerally in a little scroll or peece of paper or parchment, and to put the same scrols vp close into a hat, cap, or other such like thing, and then each parcener, one after another as they be of age, to draw out thereof one péece or scroll wherein is written a part of the land which by this drawing is now seuerally allotted vnto them in fee simple.

The fourth partition which is by compulsion, is when one or some of the coparceners woulde haue partition, and other some wil not agrée thereto, then they that so woulde haue partition may bring a writ De partitione facienda against the others that woulde not make partition, by vertue wherof they shall bee compelled to depart &c.

[Page 141]In Kent where the lands are of Gauelkinde nature, we call at this day our partition Shifting, euen the verie same worde that the Saxons vsed, namely Shiftan, which signifieth to make partition betweene coheires, and to assigne to each of them their portion, In Latine it is called Herciscere.

Partition also may be made by Ioyntenants or tenants in comon by their assent, by deede betweene them, or by writ by the statutes of 31. H. 8. cap. 1. and 32. H. 8. cap. 32.

331 Parties.

PArties to a fine or deede are those which are named in deedes or fines as parties to it, as those that leuie the same fine, & also they to whome the fine is leuyed. And they that make a déede of feoffement and they to whome it is made are called parties to the déede, and so in any other like cases.

Note that i [...] an Indenture be made betwéene ii. [Page] as parties thereto in the beginning, & in the déede one of them graunteth or letteth a thing to another, and one that is not named in the beginning, he is not partie to the déede, nor shall get nothing thereby.

Patron.

PAtron is hee that hath the aduowson of a parsonage, vicarage, frée chappel, or such like spirituall promotiō belonging to his mannor, or otherwise in grosse, and thereby may or ought to giue the same benefice, or present thereto, when and as often as it falleth voide. And this being patron or patronage had beginning for the most part by one of these three wayes, namely either by reason of the foundation, for that the Patron or his auncestors, or those from whome hee claimes were founders or buylders of the Church, or by reason of dotation, for that they did endow or giue landes to the same for maintenance thereof, [Page 142] or els by reason of y^• groūd, because y^• Church was set or builded vpō their soile or ground: And many times by reason of them all three.

333 Perquisites.

PErquisites are aduantages and profites that come to a mannor by casualtie, and not yeerely, as Escheates, Hariots, Reliefes, waifes, straies, Forfaitures, Amerciaments in courtes, wards, Mariages, goodes and landes purchased by villeynes of the same mannor, fines of copyholdes, & diuers such like thinges that are not certaine but happen by chance, sometimes more often then at other times. Sée Perkins fol. 20. and. 21.

334 Perambulatione facienda.

PErambulatione facienda is a writte, and it lieth where two Lordships lie one nigh another, and some encrochment is made by long time, then by assent of both Lordes the Shirife shall take with him the parties and the neighbours, and shall make [Page] perambulation & shal make the boundes as they were before, but if a lord incroch vpon another, & he will not make perambulation, then the Lord so grieued shall haue a writ against the other, which is called de rationabilibus diuisis.

Petit Cape.

PEtit Cape is a writ, and it lieth when any action reall, that is to say of plée of land is brought, and the tenant appeareth, and afterward maketh default, then this writ of Petite cape shall go foorth to seise the landes into the Kings handes, but if hée appeare not, but maketh default at the first summons, then a graund cape shal go forth and for such default the tenant shall lose the land, but if he wage his law of non summons, he shall saue his default, and then hée may plede with the demādant. And in greūd cape the tenant shalbe summoned to answere to the default, and farder to the demaundant, but in petit cape he shalbe summoned to answere to the default onely, & not to [Page 143] the demaundant, and it is called Petit cape, for that that there is lesse in this writ.

336 Petit serieantie.

TO hold by petite serieantie is as if a man hold of the king landes or tenementes, yéelding to him a knife, a buckler, an arrow, a bowe without string, or other like seruice at the wil of the first feoffor, and there belongeth not warde, marriage ne reliefe. And marke well that a mā may not holde by graunde nor petite serieantie, but of the King.

337 Plaintife.

PLaintife is he that sueth or complaineth in an assise or in an action personall, as in an action of debt, trespasse, disceit, detinue, and such other.

338 Pleading.

PLeadings, bée called all the sayings of the parties to suits after the coūt or declaration, namely that which is contayned in the barre, replication, and reioinder, and not that contayned in the count it selfe, & therefore defaultes [Page] in the matter of the count are not comprised within mispleading, or insufficient pleading, nor are remedied by the statute of Ieofailes, 32. H. 8. But onely that mispleading, or insufficient pleading, committed in the barre, replicatiō, & reioinder, are there prouided for.

Post disseisin.

POst disseisin, Looke for that before in the title Assise.

Possession.

POssession, is saide two wayes, eyther actuall possession, or possession in lawe.

Actuall possession, is when a man entreth in déede into landes or tenementes to him discended, or otherwise. Possession in lawe is when landes or tenementes are discended to a man, and hée hath not as yet really, actually, and in déede entred into them. And it is called possession in lawe, because that in the e [...]e, and consideration of the lawe, hée is déemed to be in possession, for asmuch as he is tenant [Page 144] to euerie mans action that wil sue cencerning the same landes, or tenementes.

341 Poundes.

POundes are in ij. sortes, the one pounds open, the other pounds close.

Pounde open, is euerie place wherein a distresse is put, whether it be common pounde such as are in euerie Towne or Lordship, or whether it bee backeside, court, yard, pasture, or else whatsoeuer, whether the owner of the distresse may come to giue them meate & drinke without offence for their being there, or his comming thither.

Pound close, is such a place, where the owner of the distresse may not come to giue them meate and drinke, without offence, as in a close house, or whatsoeuer els place.

342 Preamble.

PReamble taketh his name of the preposition (Pre) before, and the verbe (Ambulo) to goe, so ioyned together, they make a compound verbe of the first coniugation (Preambulo) [Page] to goe before, & hereof the first parte or beginning of an act, is called the preamble of the acte, which preamble is a key to open the mindes of the makers of the acte, and the mischiefes that they intend to remedie by the same, as for example the statute made at westminster the first, the 37. chap. which giueth an attaint, the preamble of which is thus. Forasmuch as certaine people of the realme, doubt very little to giue false verdicts or othes, which they ought not to doe, whereby many people are disherited and lose their right, it is prouided &c.

Premunire.

PRemunire, is a writ and it lieth where any man sueth any other in the spirituall court, for any thing that is determinable in the Kings court, and that is ordeined by certaine statutes, and great punishment therefore ordeined, as it appeareth by the same statutes, viz. that he shalbe out of the Kings protection, & that he be put in prison [Page 145] without baile or mainprise till that he haue made fine at the Kings will, and that his landes and goods shalbe forfait if he come not within ij. monethes. Also y^• prouisors, procurators, atturneis, executors, notaries & mainteinors, shall be punished in the same maner, therefore looke the statutes. Also some men say, that if a clarke sue an other man in the court of Rome for a thing spirituall where hee may haue remedie within the realme in the court of his Ordinarie that hee shalbe within the case of the statute.

And vpon diuers other offences is imposed by Statutes lately made the penaltie that they incurre which are attainted in premunire. As by 13. Elizab. cap. 8. they which are, ayding to make a corrupte bargaine whereupon vsu [...]y is reserued aboue the x. pounds in the hundred in the yéere &c.

344 Precipe in capite.

PRecipe in capite is a writ & it lieth where the tenant holdeth of his Lord [Page] in chiefe as of his crowne, and hée is deforsed, that is to say▪ put out of his lande, thē he shal haue this writ, and this writ shalbe close and shalbe pleded in the cō mon place. Also if any tenant which holdeth of any Lord be deforsed it behoueth him to sue a writ of right patent which shalbe determined in the Lords court, but if the lād be holden of the king, the writ of right patēt shalbe brought to the kings Coure and this writ may bée remoued from the Lords court vnto the countie by a [...]oit, and from the countie into the comon place by a pone, Looke therefore before in the title Droit.

Prescription.

PRescription. is when a man claimeth any thing for that hée, his ancestors, or predecessours, or they whose estate he hath, haue had or vsed any thing all the time whereof no minde is to the contrary.

But one may not prescribe against a statute except he haue an other statute [Page 146] that serueth for him.

346 Presentment.

PResentment, is of two significatiōs: one is presentmēt to a church, which when any man which hath right to giue any benefice spirituall, and nameth the person to the Bishop to whom he will giue it, and maketh a writing to the Bishop for him, that is a presentatiō or presentmēt, But if diuers coheires may not accord in presentment, the presentment of the eldest shalbe admitted, but of iointenants and tenants in common, if they [...]orde not within six moneths the Bishop shal present by laps.

The other is a presentment or Information by anie Iurie in a Court, before [...] Officer which hath authoritie to punishe anie offence done contrarie to the law.

347 Pretensed tight or Title.

PRetensed tight or Title, is where one is in possession of lands or tenemēts, and [...]n other who is out of possession, claimeth [...]t, [Page] or sueth for it. Now the pretensed right or title is said in him, who so doth sue or clayme. And if he afterward come to the possession of the same landes, or tenements, his right or title is annexed to the lande and possession, and no [...] then called right.

Priuie or Priuities.

PRiuie or Priuities, is where a lease, is made to holde at will▪ for yeeres, for life, or a feoffement in fée, and in diuers other cases, now because of this that hath passed betwéene these parties, they are called priuies in respect of strangers betwéene whom no such dealinges, or conueyances hath bin.

Also if there be Lorde and tenant, and the tenant holdeth of the Lorde by certeine seruice, there is a priuity betwéene them because of the tenure, and if the tenaunt bée disseised by a Straunger, there is no priuitie betwéene the disseysor and the Lorde, but the priuitie stil remayneth betweene the Lorde and the tenaunt that is [Page 147] disseised, and the Lorde shall auowe vppon him, for that hee is his tenaunt in right & in the Iudgement of the lawe. Priuies are in diuers sortes, as namely priuie in estate, priuies in déede, priuies in lawe, priuies in right, and priuies in blood.

Priuies in estate is where a lease is made of the manor of Dale to A. for lyfe, the remainder to B. in fée, there both A. and B. are priuies in estate, for their estates were bothe made at one time.

And so it is in the first case héere, where a lease is made at will, for lyfe or yeares, or a feoffement in fée, the lessées or feffées are called priuies in estate, and so are their heires &c.

Priuies in dée [...]e is where a lease is made for lyfe, and afterwarde by an other déede the reuersion is graunted to a Straunger in fée, this grauntée of the reuersion is called priuie in déed, because that hée hath the reuersion by déede.

[Page]Priuie in lawe is where there is Lorde and tenant, the tenaunt lesseth the tenauncie for life and dyeth without heire, and the reuersiō es [...]heats to the lord, hee is said priuie in lawe, because that he hath his estate onely by the l [...]w, that is to say, by escheate.

Priuie in right is where one possessed of a terme for yeeres, graunts his estate to another vpon condition, and maketh his executors and dyeth, nowe these executors are priuies in right, for if the condition be broken, and they enter into the lande, they shall haue it in the right of their testator, and to his vse.

Pri [...]ie of blood is the heire of the feoffour or donour &c.

Also if a fine bee leuied, the heires of him that leuyeth the fine are called priuies.

Priuiledges.

PRiuiledges, are liberties and franchises graunted to an Office, place, towne, or Mannor, by the Quéens great charter, letters [Page 148] Patentes, or acte of Parliamente, as Tolle, Sake, Socke, Infangtheefe▪ [...] Outfangthiefe, Turne tolle, Oredelfe, and diuers such like, for which looke in their proper titles and places.

350 Proces.

PRoces, are the writs and precepts that goe vpon the original: and in actions reals and personels there bee sundrie sortes of proces, for in actions reals the proces is Graund Cape, before apperance: therefore see of that in the title Petite Cape.

But in actions personals, as in debt, trespasse, or detinue, the proces is a distresse, and if the Shirife returne Nihil habet in ballina &c. then the proces is alias Capias, and Piuries, and an Exigent, & they are called Capias ad respondē dum. Also the Exigent shalbe proclaimed 5. times, and if the partie doth not appear he shalbe outlawed: But in diuers actiōs there are diuers manner of proces, which at large is declared in Natura brenium.

[Page]Also there are diuers other proces after apparance when the parties be at issue to make the enquest appeare, as a writ o [...] Venire facias. and if they do not appeare at the daye, then a writ of Habeas corpora [...]urat, & after a writ of Distringas Iurat.

Also there are diuers other proces after iudgement, as Capias ad satisfaciendum, Capias vtlagatū, and Capias ad valentiam &c.

But Capias ad satisfaciendum lieth where a man is condemned in any debt or dammage, then he shall be arrested by this writte and put in prison without baile or maineprise, till hee hath pa [...]ed the debt and the damages.

But Capias vtlagatum, lieth where one is outlawed, then he shall bee taken by this writie, and put in prison without baile or mainprise, for that he had the law in contempt.

Capias ad valentiam lyeth where I am impleaded of certain lands, & I vouch to warrantie another, and [Page 149] cannot barre the demaundant, so that the demaundant recouer against me, then I shall recouer so much in value against the vouchee, and then shall goe forth this writte.

Also there beeother processe and writs iudicials, as Fieri facias, Scire facias, and manie other: and therefore looke for them in their titles.

351 Next friend.

NExt friend, is commonly taken for Gardian in socage, and is where a man seised of landes holden in socage dieth, his issue within age of xiiii. yeeres, then the next friend, or nexte of kinne to whom the landes cannot come or discend shal haue the keeping of the heire, and of the lande, to the onely vse of the heire, vntill hee come to the age of xiiii. yeeres: And then at that yeeres [...]e may enter and put been out, and bringe him to accompte: But in that accompte bee shalbe allowed for all reasonable costes and expences bestowed either vpon the heire or his land.

[Page]And the next friende or nexte of kinne to whome the inheritance cannot discende, is thus to bee vnderstoode: If the Landes discende to the heire from his Father, or anie of the kinne of his Fathers side, then the Mother or other of the Mothers side are called the next of kinne to whome the enheritaunce cannot discende, for before that it shall so discend, it shall rather Escheate to the Lorde of whome it is holden.

And so it is to bee vnderstoode where the landes come to the heire from his Mother, or anie of the kinne of his Mothers side, then the Father or other of the Fathers side are called the nexte of kinne to whom the inheritance can not discende, but shall rather escheate to the Lorde of whome it is holden.

Otherwise, Procheine amy is he which appeareth in anie Courte for an enfante which su [...]th ani [...] action, and aideth the enfant [...]o pursue his suite▪ where▪ of, see the Statutes of [Page 150] w. 1. cap. 47. and w. 2. cap. 15. that an enfant▪ may not make an Atturney, but the Court may admit the next friend for the plaintif, and a gardian for the enfant defendant as his Atturney.

352 Procedendo.

PRocedendo, is a writ, & it lyeth where any action is sued in one Court which is remooued to a Court more high, as to the Chauncerye, the kings bench, or Common place by a writ of Priuiledge or Cerciorare, and if the defendant vpon the matter shewed, haue no cause of priuilege, or if the matter in the bill whereupon the cerciorare issued be not wel proued, then the plaintife shal haue this writ of procedendo, for [...]o send again the matter vnto the first basse Court, and there to be determined.

353 Prohibition.

PRohibition, is a writ & it lieth where a mā is impleded in y^• spir [...]tual court of y^• thing y^• toucheth not [Page] matrimonie nor testamēt, nor méerely tuhes, but that toucheth the kinges crowne, and this writ shal be directed as well to the partie as to the Iudge or his officiall, to prohibite them that they pursue no further. But if it appeare afterwarde to the Iudges temporall, that the matter is to bee determined in the spirituall Court, and not in the Court temporall, then the partie shall haue a writ of Consultation, commanding the Iudges of the Court spirituall to procéede in the first plee.

Protection.

PRotection is a writ and it lyeth where that a mā will passe ouer the Sea in the kings seruice, then hee shal haue this writ, and by this writ hee shall be quit of all manner of plees betwéen him & any other person, except plées of dower, Quare impedit, assise of nouel disseisin, darreine prosentment, and attaintes, and plees before Iustice in eire. But there be two [Page 151] writs of protection, one Cum clausula volumus, & another Cum clausula nolumus, as appeareth▪ in the Register. Also a protection shall not bee allowed in any plée begun before the date of the protection if it be not in vyages where the King himselfe shall passe, or other vyages royals, or in messages of the king for neede of the Realme. Also a protection shall not bee allowed for victuall bought for the vyage whereof the protection maketh mention, nor in plees of trespasse or of contractes made after the date of the protection. But note that any may attach or begin any action reall against him that hath such protection, and therein pro [...]éede vntill the defendant cometh & sheweth his protection in the Court, & hath it allowed, and then his plée or suite shall goe without day. But if after it appeareth that the party which hath the protection goeth not a [...]o [...]d y^• affaires for which he hath it, then the demaū dant [Page] shall haue a repeale thereof. And if he go & returne after the busines ended, the demaundant shall haue a resummons to recontinue the former suit.

Protestation.

PRotestation, is a forme of pleading when any will not directly affirme, nor directly deny any thing that is alledged by another, or which hee himselfe alledneth. And it is in two sortes: One is, when one pleadeth any thing which he dar̄e not directly affirm, or that hee cannot pleade it for doubt to make his plee double. As in conueying to himselfe a title to any lande, hee ought to plead diuers discents by diuers persons, and hee dare not affirme that all they were seised at the time of their death, or although hee could doe if it shall bee double to plead two discentes of both which, euery one by himselfe may be a good bar [...]e. Then the defendant ought to plead and alledge the matter interlasing [Page 152] this worde Protestando: As to say, that such a one dyed (by protestation) seised &c. and that is to be alledged by protestation, and not to bee trauersed by the other. An other protestation is, when one is to aunswere to two matters, & yet by the lawe hee ought to pleade but toone, then in the first part of the plee hee shall saye to the one matter Protestando, & not cognoscendo, this matter to bee true, and make his plée further by these wordes, sed pro placito dicit &c. and this is for sauing to the partie, (that so pleadeth by protestation) to bee concluded by any matter alleaged or obieted against him, vpō which hee cannot ioyne issue: And is no other thing but an exclusion of the conclusion, for hee; that taketh the protestation excludes the other partie to conclude him. And this protestation ought to stande with the sequell of the plee, and not to bee repugnant, or otherwise contrarie.

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Purchase.

PVrchase is the possession that a man hath in lands or tenements by his owne act, meanes or agreement, and not by title of discent, from any of his auncestours. See Littleton, lib. 1. cap. 1.

Q.

Quale ius.

QVale ius, is a writ and it lyeth where an Abbot, prior, or such other should haue iudgement to recouer l [...]nde; by the default of the tenant against whom the l [...]nde is demanded, then before iudgement giuen or execution awarded, this writ shal go forth to the eschetor to enquire what right hée hath to recouer, and if it be [...]ounde that he hath no right, then the Lorde which shoulde haue the land if the tenant had aliened in mortmaine may enter as into land aliened into mortmaine, for this loosing by default is like alienation. See the statute w. 2. ca, 32.

[Page 153]But a writ of Ad quod dampnum lyeth where one wil giue lāds to an house of religion, then this writ shall goe foorth to the Eschetor, to enquire of what value the land is, & what preiudice it shall bée to the King.

358 Quare eiecit infra terminum.

QVare eiecit infra terminum is a writ, and it lyeth where one maketh a lease to another for terme of yeres, and the lessor enfeoffeth another, and the feffee putteth out the termour, then the termour shall haue this writ against the feoffee, but if another stranger put out the termour, then he shall haue a writ de Eiectione firmae against him, and in those two writs he shal recouer the terme and his dammages.

359 Quare impedit.

QVare impedit is a writ & it lieth where I haue aduowson & y^• parson dieth and another presenteth his clerke, or disturbeth mee [Page] to presēt, then I shal haue the said writ. But Assise of darrain presentment lyeth, where I or my auncestors haue presēted before. And where a man may haue Assise of darrain presentment, he may haue a Quare impedit, but not contrariwise.

Also if the plée be depē ding betweene two parties, and be not discussed within v [...]moneths, then the Bishop may present by laps, & he y^• hath right to present, shal recouer his damages, as it appeareth by the statute of west. 2. c. 5. therefore see the statute. Also if hee that hath right to present after the death of the person, & bringeth no Quare impedit nor Darreine presentment, but suffereth a stranger to vsurpe vpon him, yet he shal haue a writ of right of aduowson, but this writ lyeth not, vnlesse he claun to haue the aduowson to him & his heires in fee simple.

Quare incumbrauit.

QVare incumbrauit, is a writ, [...] it lyeth where [Page 154] two bee in plee for the aduowson, and the Bishop ad [...]tt [...]th the clerke of one of them within the vi. monethes, then he shall haue this writ against the Bishop, but this writ lyeth alway hanging the plee.

361 Quare intrusit matrimonio non satisfacto.

QVare intrusit matrimonio non satisfacto, is a writ, & it lyeth where the Lord profereth couenable mariage to his ward, & he refu [...]eth and entreth into the land, & marryeth himselfe to another, then the Lorde shall haue this writ against him.

362 Quare non admisit.

QVare non admisit, in a writ, and it lieth where a man hath recouered on aduowson, and he sendeth his conuenable clerke to y^• Bishop to be admitted, & the Bishop will not receiue him, the he shall haue the saide writ against the Bishop. But a writ de Ne admittas lyeth, where ii [...]e in plee, if the pl [...]intife suppose that the Bishop [Page] will admitt the clerke of the defendant, then hee may haue this writ to the Bishop, comaunding him not to admit him hanging the plee.

Quarentine.

QVarentine, is where a man dyeth seised of a maner place & other lands, whereof the wi [...]e ought to be endowed, then the woman may abide in the maner place, & there liue of the store & profits thereof, the space of x [...]. dayes within which time her dower shal be assigned, as it appeareth in Magna Charta; cap. [...].

Quid iuris clamat.

QVid iuris clamat, is a writ, and lyeth where I graunt the reuersion of my tenant for terme of life by fine in the kings-co [...], & the tenāt wil not [...]orn, then the gran [...]ee shall h [...] this writ for to compell him to atturne▪ But [...] writ of Que [...] ▪ r [...]ddit [...] reddit [...]th wher I grant by fine a rent charge, or another rent which is not [...]t seruice which my tenaunt [Page 155] holdeth of mee, and the tenant will not atturne, then the grauntee shall haue this writ. And a writ of Per que seruit [...]a lyeth in like case for rent seruice.

Also if I graunt foure diuers rents to one man, & the tenant of the land atturneth to the grauntée by payment of a penye, or of an halfe penie in the name of attornement of all the rents, this attornmēt shall [...]t him in seisin of all the rent. But these iii. writs [...]ght to be broght against those which are tenants at the day of y^• note leuied, & against none others.

365 Fifteene.

FIfteene, is a payment graunted in Parlyament to the Queene by the temporaltie, namely, the fifteenth part of their goods: And it was vsed in auncient time to bee leuyed vpon their cattell going in their groundes, which thing was verie troublesome▪ and therefore nowe for the most parte, that way is altered [Page] and they vs [...] to leuye the same by the yarde▪ or Ic [...]e [...]or other measure of land. By meanes whereof it is nowe lesse troublesome, & more certeine the [...] before it was. And euerie Towne and Countrey doe knowe what summe is to bee paied among them, and how the same shalbe rays [...]d. wée read that Moises was the first that did nuber the people, for [...] [...] bred the Israelites, and therefore the first Taxe, subsidie, tribute, or fiftéene was inuēted by him amōg the Hebrews, as P [...]l [...]dore Virgill doth thinke.

Quod ei deforciat,

QVod ei deforciat, is a writ, & it lieth where the tenaunt in the Ta [...], tenaunt in Dower, or tenant for terme of l [...] lée [...]eth b [...] defaut in anie action, then [...] that l [...]seth shall haue this writie agaynst him that recouereth, or against his heire, if he think that hee hath better right then hee which recouered. Sée the Statute west. 2. cap. 4.

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367 Quod permittat.

QVod [...]tat is a writ and it lyeth where a man is disseysed of [...]is cō mon of pas [...]ure, and the diss [...]sor [...]lien [...]th or dieth s [...]ys [...]d, and his h [...]e entreth, then if the disseisée m [...] his heire shal haue this writ.

368 Quo iure.

QVo iure is a writ, and it [...]eth where a man hath had common of pasture in an other seuerall of [...] within the time of memorie, then hée to whom belongeth the seuerall shall ha [...]e this writ, and he shalbee c [...]ged to shewe by what title hee claimeth the common.

369 Quo minus.

QVo minus is a writ, and it [...]eth where a man hath graunted to another hous [...]ote & hey [...]o [...]e in his wood to take [...]uerie yéere, & he that made the graunt maketh such w [...]st a [...]d distruction that the grauntée cānot haue his reasonable estouers, then the grauntée shal [...]ue the foresaid writ, and it is in manner of a writ of wast.

[Page]And note that housebote is called certaine estouers to mend the house.

And heybote is certaine estouers to mend heis and hedges.

Quo warranto.

QVo warranto is a writ, and it lyeth where a man vsurpeth to haue anie fraunchise vppon the King, then the King shall haue this writte, to make him to come before his Iustices, for to shew by what title he claymeth such franchise.

R.

Rationabilibus diuisis.

RAtionabilibus diuisis is a writ, & it lieth where there are two Lordships in diuers Townes, and one nigh the other, and anie parcel of one Lordship, or of wast hath béene incrocht by litle parcels, then the same Lord from whom the parcell of ground or of wast hath bene encroched, shall haue this writte against the Lord that hath so encroched.

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372 Redisseisin.

REdisseisin, Looke of that before in the title Assise.

373 Regrator.

REgrator is hée that hath corne, vittayles, or other thinges sufficient for his owne necessarie néede, occupation, or spending, and dothe neuerthelesse ingrosso and buy vp into his handes more Corne, vittayles, or other such thinges, to the intent to sell the same againe at a higher and déerer price, in Faires, Markets, or such like places. Whereof sée the statute 5. Edw. 6. cap. 14. for hée shalbe punished as a forstaller.

374 Reioinder.

REioinder, is when the defendant maketh aunswere to the replication of the plaintife.

And euerie Reioinder ought to haue these two properties specially, that is to say, it ought to be a sufficient aunswere to the replication, and also to follow and enforce the matter of the barre.

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Release.

RElease is the giuing or discharging of the right or action which any hath or claimeth against an other or his land.

And the release of right is commonly made when one maketh a déede to an other by these or like words, Remised, released and vtterly for me and my heires quite claimed to A. B. all my right that I haue, or by any meanes may haue hereafter in one mesuage &c, but these words (whatsoeuer I may haue hereafter) bée void: For if the father be disseised, and the sonne release by his déede of release without warrantie all his right, by those wordes, whatsoeuer I may haue hereafter & [...] and the father dyeth, the sonne may lawfully enter in the possession of the disseisour.

Also in a release of right it is néedefull that hee to whome the release shall be made; haue a freehold or a possession in the landes in déede or law, or a reuersion a the time of that release [Page 158] made, for if hee haue nothing in the lande at the time of the release made, y^• release shal not be to him auaileable. Sée more hereof in Litt. lib. 3. cap. 8.

376 Reliefe.

REliefe, is sometimes a certaine summe of money that the heire shal paye to the Lord of whom those Landes are holden, which after the decease of his ancestour are to him discended as next heire, sometimes it is the payment of another thing, and not money: And therefore reliefe is not certayne, and alike for all tenures, but euerie sundrie tenure hath (for the moste parte) his special Reliefe certaine in it selfe, Neither is it to bee paide alwayes at a certain age, but varieth therein also according to the tenure. As if the tenaunt had Landes holden by Knightes seruice (excepte graunde Serieantie) and die, his heire being at full age, & h [...]ld his lande by the seruice of a whole knights fee, the lord of whom these landes are so holden shall [Page] haue of the heire C. s. in the name of the relief, and if he held by lesse then a knights fee, hee shall pay lesse, and if more, then more, hauing respecte alwaies to the r [...]te for euerie knightes fée [...]n hundred shillings. And if hee helde by Graund Serieantie (which is alw [...]ies of the Quéene, and is also Knights seruice) then the reliefe shall be the value of the land by the yeer [...] ▪ [...] sides all charges [...] out of the same.

Also if a man holde [...] the King in chief, and of other Lords the King shall haue the warde of all the landes, and the heire shall pay reliefe to all the Lords at his ful age, but the lords shal sue to the King by petition and shal haue the rēt for the time that the inf [...]t was in ward.

And note that alwayes when the reliefe is due, it must bee paid at one who [...] payment and not by parts, althogh that the rent be to be paid at seueral feasts.

Remainder.

REmainder, of land is the lande that shall remain [Page 159] after the particuler estate determined: As if one graunt lande for terme of yeres or for life, y^• remainder to I. S. that is to say, that whē y^• lease for yeres is determined, or lessee for life is deade, that then the land shall remaine, shall be, or abide with, to, or in I. S. See Reuersion.

378▪ Remitter.

REmitter, is when a man [...] hath two titles to anie land, & he commeth to the lande by the last title, yet she shall bee iudged in by [...]orte of his elder title, and that shall bee saide to him a remitter, as it the tenaunt in the taile discontinue the tayle, and after disseiseth his discontinue and dieth thereof seised, & the landes discendeth to his issue or cosin collateral by force of the taile, in that case hee is in his remitter, that is to say, seised by force of the taile, and the title of the discontinue is vtterly [...]nulled and defeated, and the reason and cause of such remitter is, for that that such an heire [Page] is tenant of the land, & ther is no person tenant against whom he may sue his writ of Formedon for to recouer the estate tayle, for hee may not haue an action against himselfe. Also if tenant in the tail infeoffe his son or heire apparant in the taile which is within age & after dieth, that is a remitter to the heire. But if he were of full age at the [...] of such feoffement; it is [...] remitter, for that that i [...] was his foli [...], that hee being of [...] age, would [...] such a feffement. Also i [...] the baron alien landes that hee hath in the right of his [...]; and after take an e [...] state againe to him and to his wife for terme of the [...] liues, that is a remitter to the [...] for that that this alienation is the [...]te of the baron on [...] of the [...] for no follie [...] adiudged in the woman during the [...] of her [...], but if such alienation bee by fine in court of Record, such a taking againe afterward to the [...] and wife for terme of their [...], shall not make the woman [Page 160] to bee in her remitter; for that in such a fine the womā shalbe examined by the Iudge, and such examinations in fines, shal exclude such women for euer. Also when the entre of any man is lawfull, and he taketh an estate to him when he is of full age, if it be not by [...]éede indented, or matter of Recorde, which shall est oppe him, that shall bee to him a good remitter.

379 Rents.

REnts, be in diuers manners, that is, rent seruice rente charge, and rent secke.

Rent seruice is, where the tenaunt in fee simple holdeth his land of his lord by fealty and certaine rent, or by other seruice and rit, and then if the rente of the tenant be behinde; the lorde may distraine for the rent, but for that hee shall not haue an action of debt.

Also if I giue lande in taile to a man paying to me certain rent, then such rent is, rente seruice. But in such case it behooueth that the reuersion bee in the donour, for if a man make a [Page] feoffement in fee, or a gi [...]t in taile, the remainder ouer in fée without déede, reseruing to him a certain rent, such reseruation is voyde, and that is by the statute Quia emptores terrarum, and then hée shall holde o [...] the Lord of whom his donour held.

But if a man by déed indent at such a day make such gifte in taile, the remainder ouer in fee, or lease for terme of life, the remainder ouer, or a feoffement, and by the same indēture reserue to him rent, and that if the rent bee behinde that well it is lawfull to him to distrain, th [...] such rent is rent charge.

But in such case, if there bee not anie such clause of distresse in the déede, then such rente is called rente secke, and for such rente seck hee shal neuer distrain but if hee were once seised hee shall h [...]ue assise. And if hee were not seised, he is without remedie.

Also if one grant a rent going out of his lande with clause of distres, that is rent charge, and if the [Page 161] rent be behinde, the grauntée may choose to distraine or sue a writte of Annuitie, but hee cannot haue both, for if hee bring a writte of Annuity, then the lande is discharged. And if hee distraine and auowe the taking in the court of recorde then the land is charged, & the person of the grauntor discharged.

Also if one grant a rente charge, & the grauntée purchaseth half of the land, thē all the rent is extinct.

But in rent seruice if the Lorde purchase parcell of the land, then the rent shall be apporcioned.

But if one hath a rente charge and his father purchase parcel of the land and that parcell discende to the sonne which hath the rente charge, then the rente shall bee apporcioned according to the value of the lande as it is said of rent seruice, for that that the son commeth to that not by his owne act, but by discent.

Also if I make a lease for terme of yeeres reseruing to mee certaine rent, that is called a rent seruice, [Page] and for that it is at my libertie to distraine for the rent, or to haue an action of debt, but if the lease be determined, and the rent bee behinde, then I cannot distrain, but shalbe put to my action of debt.

And note well, that if the Lorde bee seised of the seruice and rent before sayde, and they bee behinde, and he distraine, and the tenant rescueth the distresse hee may haue Assise, or a writ of Rescous, but it is more necessarie for him to haue assise then a writte of rescous, for that by assise he shall recouer his rent and his damages, but by a writ of rescous hee shall not recouer but the thing and the damages.

And note wel, that if the Lorde bee not seised of the rent and seruice, and they be behind, [...]nd he distraine for them, and the tenaunt take again the distresse, he shall not haue assise, but a writ of rescous, & shall not néede to shew his right.

And note well, that if the Lorde may not finde a distresse by two yeere, hee [Page 162] shal haue against the tenāt a writ of Cessauit per biennium, as it appeareth by the statute of west. 2. cap. 21. And if the tenaunt die in the meane time and his issue enter, the Lorde shall haue against y^• issue a writ of Entre vpon Cessauit, or if the tenant alien the lord shal haue against y^• alienée the foresaide writ. But if the lord haue issue and die, and the tenant bee in arrerages of the saide rent and seruice in the time of the father of the issue, and not in the time of the issue, hee may not distraine for the arrerages in y^e time of his father, & he shall haue none other recouery against the tenāt or any other, for that that such aduantage is giuen by the law to the tenāt. And note well that rente seruice is that to the which belongeth fealtie, but to rent charge and rent secke belongeth not sealtie, but it belongeth to rent seruice of common right.

And note that if a man distraine for rent charge, & the distres be taeen against his will from him, and hee [Page] was neuer seised before, he hath no recouery but by writ of Rescous, for the distresse first takē giueth not to him seisin, only if he hap the rent before, for if hee were seised of the rent before, and after the rent bee behind, and hee distraine, & rescous to him be made, he shall haue Assise, or a writ of Rescous.

And note well that in euery Assise of rent charge & annuall rent, or in a writ of Annuitie, it behoueth to him that bringeth the writ to shew forth an especialtie, or eis he shall not maintain the Assise. But in an Assise of Mortdauncestor or Formedon in the discender, or other writs (in y^e which title is giuen or comprised) brought of rente charge, or annuall rente, it needeth not to shewe the especialtie.

And note well that if a man grant a rent charge to another, and the grauntée release to the grauntor parcel of the rēt, yet al the rent is not extinct.

And note well, that if rent charge be graunted to [Page 163] two iointly, and the one release yet the other shall haue the halfe of the rente. And also if the one purchase the halfe of the land whereof the rente is going out▪ the other shall haue the halfe of the rente of his companion: and if the disseisor charge the lād to a stranger, and the disseisie bring an assise and recouer, the charge is defeated. But it hee that hath right, charge the land, and a straunger faine a false action against him, and recouer by defaulte, the charge abideth. And note well, that in case that partition bee betweene two parceners, and more lande be allotted to one then to the other, & shee that hath more of the lande▪ chargeth her land to the other, and shee happeth the rent, shee shall maintaine Assise without especialtie.

And it is a rent secke, where a man heldeth of me by homage, fealty & other seruice, yelding to me acerteine rent by the yeere, & I grant this rent to another, reseruing to me the seruice.

[Page]And note well that if rent secke be graunted to a man and to his beires and the rent bee behinde, and the grauntour dye, the heire may not distreine nor shall recouer the arrerages of the time of his father, as it is before saide of rent seruice.

And in the same manner it is to saye of rent charge or annuall rent: But in all these rents before saide the heire may haue for the arrerages in his owne time such aduantage as his father had in his life. See the Statute 32. H. 8. cap. 37.

And note well, that in rent seche, if a man be not seised of the rent, and it be behinde, hee is without recouerie, for that that it was his owne folly at the beginning when the rent was graunted to him or reserued, that he tooke not seisin of the rent, as a penie or two pence.

And note well that a man may not haue a Cessauit per biennium, or another writ of Entre sur Cessauit for no rent secke [Page 164] behind by two yeeres, but onely for rent seruice, as it appeareth in the Statute W. 2. cap. 21.

And note well that in rent secke it behoueth him that sueth for the rent seck for to shewe a deede to the tenaunt, or els the tenant shall not bee charged with the rent, but where the rent secke was rent seruice before, as in this case: Lord, mesne and tenant, and euery of them holdeth of other by homage and fealtie, and the tenant of the mesne by x. s. of rent, the Lorde paramont purchaseth y^e landes or tenementes of the tenant, all the seigniorie of the mesne but the rent is extinct: And for this cause this rent is become rent secke, and the rent seruice changed, for hee may not distraine for this rent, and in this case hee that demaundeth the rent shall neuer be charged to shewe a deede.

Also in a writ of Mordauncestor, Aile, or Besail, of rent secke, it needeth not to shewe a specialtie, [Page] for that these writtes of possession doe comprehend a title within themselues, that is to say, that the auncestour was seysed of the some rent, and continued his possession, because of which seysin the lawe supposeth that it is also auerable by the countrey.

Yet learne, for some suppose that it behooueth of necessitie to shewe foorth a déede, for that that rent seck is a thing against cō mon right, aswell as rent charge.

But in Assise of Nouel disseisin, and in a writte of Entre sur disseisin brought of rent seck, it behoueth of necessitie to shewe foorth a déed, for that that rent seck is a thing against a commō right, except in the case before said, where it was rent seruice before.

And Assise of Nouel disseisin, and a writ of Entre sur disseisin, containe within them no title, but suppose a disseysin to be done to the plaintife, and of the intendement of the lawe the disseysin gyueth no [Page 165] cause of auerment against common right, but of necessitie it behoueth to shew foorth a déede.

380 Repleuin.

REpleuin is a writ, and it lyeth when any man distrayneth another for rent or other thing, then he shall haue this writ to the Shirife to deliuer to him the distres, and shall finde suretie to pursue his action, and if he pursue it not, or if it bee founde or iudged against him, then he that tooke the distresse shall haue againe the distresse, & that is called the returne of the beastes, & he shall haue in such case a writ that is called Returno habendo.

Also if it be in any franchise or bailiwike, the partie shall haue a Repleuin of the Shirife direct to the Baylife of the same franchise for to deliuer them again, & he shall finde suertie to pursue his actiō at the next countie. And this Repleuin may be remoued out of the coūty vnto the common place by a [Page] writ of Recordare.

Looke more of Repleuin in the title Distres.

Also a writ of Homine replegiando lyeth where a man is in prison & not by speciall cōmandement of y^• king, nor of his iustice, nor for the death of a man nor for the kings forest nor for such cause that is not repleuisable, then hee sh [...]ll haue this writ directed to the shirife y^• hee cause him to be repleued: this writ is a Iusticies & not returnable, & if the shirife do it not, then there shall goe foorth another writ, sicut alias, & afterward another writ sicut pluries vel causam nobis significes, which shalbe returnable, & if y^• shirife yet make no repleuin, then there shall go forth an attachement against y^• shirife directed to the Coroners to attach the shirife & to bring him before y^• Iustice at a certain day▪ & further more y^• they make execution of the first writ.

Replication.

REplication, is when the defendant in any action [Page 166] maketh an aunswere, and the plaintife maketh an aunswere to that, that is called the Replication of the plaintife.

382 Reprises.

REprises, ar [...] deductions, payments, and duties that goe yeerely and are paide out o [...] a manor. As rent charge, rent secke, pē tions, corodies, annuities, fées of stewards, baylife, & such like.

383 Receite.

REceite, is when any action is brought against the tenant for terme of life, or tenāt for terme of yeres, and hée in the reuersion commeth in and praieth to be receiued for to defende the lande and for to plead with the demaundant. Also when he commeth it behooueth that he be alway ready to plead with the demaundant.

384 Rescous.

REscous, is a writ and it lyeth when anit man taketh a distresse and another taketh it againe from him and will not suffer him to bring the distresse with him, then hee doth to [Page] him rescous and vpō that he may haue this writ and shall recouer dāmages. Also if one distraine beastes for dammage fesant in his ground, & driueth them in the hie way for to unpoūd them, and in going they enter into the house of him whose they be, & he withholdeth them there & will not suffer the other to impound thē then that withholding is a rescous.

Reseruation.

REseruation, is taken diuers waies, and hath diuerse natures, as sometimes by waie of exception to kéepe that which a man had before in him, as if a lease bée made for yeares of grounde reseruing the great trées growing vppon the same, now the lessée may not meddle with them, nor with any thing that commeth by reason of them so long, as it abydeth in, or vpon the trées, as mast of Oke, Chestnu [...], Appels, or such like, but if they fall from the trées to the ground then they are in righte the lessées, for the ground [Page 167] is let to him, and all there vpon not reserued &c.

Sometimes a reseruation doth get and bringe foorth an other thinge which was not before. As if a man lease his landes reseruing yéerely for the same xx. li. &c. And diuers other suche reseruations there be.

And note that in auncient time, their reseruations were as well (or for the more parte) in vitualles, whether flesh, fish, Corne, Bread, Drinke, or what else, as in money▪ vntill at the last, & that chiefly in the Raigne of King Henrie the first by agréement, the reseruation of victuals was changed into ready money▪ as it hath hitherto since continued.

386 Retraxit.

REtraxit, is the preterperfectence of Retraho, compounded of Re and traho, which make Retraho, to pull backe. And is when the partie plaintife or demaundant commeth in proper person into the Court where his plée is, [Page] and saith that he will not procéede any farder in the same &c. nowe this shall be a barre to the action for euer.

Reeue.

REeue is an Officer, but more knowen in auncient time then at this day. For almost euerie manor had then a Réeue, and yet still in many Copiholde manors (where the old custome any thing preuayleth) the name and office is not altogether forgottē ▪ And is in effect that which nowe euery Baylife of a manor practiseth▪ although the name of Baylife was not then in vre among vs beyng since brought in by the Normans: But the name of Réeue, aunciently called Gereue (which particle (Ge) in continuance of time was altogether left out and lost) came from the Saxon worde Geresa. which signifieth a ruler: And so in déede his rule and aucthoritie was large within the compasse of his Lords mannor and among his menne and tenantes as well in matters [Page 168] of gouernement in peace and warre, as in the skilfull vse and trade of husbandrie: For as hée did gather his Lordes rentes, paie Reprises, or duties issuyng out of the mannour, set the seruauntes to worke, fell and cutte downe Trées to repayre the buyldinges, and enclosures, with diuerse such lyke for his Lordes commoditie: So also hée had aucthoritie, to gouerne and kéepe the tenauntes in peace, and if néede required, to lead them foorth in warre.

388 Reuersion.

REuersion of lande, is a certaine estate remayning in the lessor or donor, after the particuler estate and possession conueyed to an other by lease for lyfe or yéeres, or gift in tayle.

And it is called a Reuersion in respecte of the possession seperated from it: so that hée that hath the one hath not the other at the same time, for being in one bodie together, there cannot bee said a reuersion, [Page] because by the vniting, y^• one of thē is drowned in the other: And so the reuersion of land, is the lād it selfe when it falleth.

Riot.

RIot is where thrée (at the least) or more doe some vnlawfull acte: as to beate a man, Enter vpon the possession of an other, or such like.

Robberie.

RObberie, is when a mā taketh anie thing from the person of an other feloniouslie, although the thing so taken bée not to the value but of a penye, yet it is felonie, for which the offendour shall suffer death.

Rout.

ROut, is when people doe assemble themselues together & after do procéed or ride, or go forth, or do moue by the instigation of one or more, who is their leader: This is called Rout, because they doe moue, and procéed in Routes & numbers.

Also where many assemble themselues together vpon their owne quarels [Page 169] & brauls, as if the inhabitants of a towne will gather thēselues together, to breake hedges, pales or such like to haue common there, or to beate another that hath done to them a commō displeasure or such like, that is a Rout and against the lawe although they haue not done or put in execution their mischieuous entent. Sée the statute 1. Mar. ca. 12.

S.

392 Sake.

SAke, this is a plée and correction of trespasse of men in your court, because (Sak) in English is Acheson in french, and sak is put for Sik, as to say for sik, sak, also for what hurt, and Sak is put for forfait.

393 Scire facias.

SCire facias, is a writ iudicial going out of the record, and it lieth where one hath recouered debt or damages in y^• kings court, & he sueth not to haue execution within the yéere & the day, thē after the yéere and day he shal haue y^• said writ [Page] to warne the party, & if the partie come not, or if hee come & nothing say to discharge or stay the executiō, then he shall haue a writ of Fieri facias directed to the shirife him commaunding that he leuie the debt or damages of the goods of him that hath lost.

Also the writ of Fieri facias lieth within the yéere without any scire fac' sued.

Also if the summe of the same debte or damages may not bée leuied of the goods of him that hath loste them, he may haue a writte of Elegit directed to the Shirife, that he cause him to deliuer the one halfe of his lands and goods except his oxen and implements of his cart.

Also when one hath recouered debte or damages in an action parsonall (where y^• proces is a Capias) he may haue an other writ of Execution called a Capias ad satisfaciendum for to take the body of him that is so condempned, which shalbe committed to pryson there to abide without baile or mainprise [Page 170] til that he hath satisfied the partie.

Also when one hath iudgement to recouer anie landes or tenementes, he shall haue a writte called Habere facias seisinam direct to the shirife, him commanding to deliuer to him seisin of the same lande so recouered, Sée more of y^t in the title Fieri facias, and in the title Execution.

394 Scot.

SCot, that is to bée quite of a certaine custome, as of common tallage made to the vse of the Shirife or Bailife.

395 Knights seruice.

TO hold by knights seruice, is to holde by homage, fealtie, and escuage, and it draweth to it ward, mariage, and reliefe, And note that Knightes seruice, is seruice of landes or tenementes to beare armes in warre in the defence of the Realme, and it oweth warde and mariage by reason that none is able nor of power, nor may haue knowledge to beare armes, before that he be of the age of 21. yéeres. [Page] And to the ende that the Lorde shall not léese that that of right hée ought to haue, and that the power of the realme, be nothing weakened, The lawe will because of his tender age, that the lord shall haue him and his lands in his ward till the full age of him, that is to say xxi. yeeres.

Looke of that more in the title Graund seriantie, and the title of Escuage.

Shewing.

SHewing, that is to bée quite with attachment in any court, and before whom soeuer in plaintes shewed and not auowed.

Sok.

SOk, this is suite of men in your Court, according to the custome of the Realme.

Sokmans.

SOkmans, are the tenants in auncient demesne, that holde their landes by Socage, that is by seruice with the plough, and therefore they are called Sokmans, which is as much to say as tenants or men that holde by seruice of the plough, or plowmen: [Page 171] For Sok signifieth a plough.

And these Sokmans or tenants in auncient demesne, haue many and diuers liberties gyuen and graunted to them by the lawe, aswell these tenants that holde of a common person in auncient demesne, as those that holde of the Quéene in auncient demesne, as namely to be frée from paying tolle in euerie Market, Faire, Towne, & Citie throughout the whole Realme, aswell for their goods and cattels that they sell to others, as for those thinges that they buy for their prouision, of other. And thereupon euery of them may sue to haue letters patents vnder the Quéenes seale directed to her Officers, and to the Maiors, Baylifes, and other Officers in the Realme to suffer thē to be tolle frée.

Also to be quite of pontage, murage, and passage, as also of taxes and Tallages graunted by Parliament, except that the Quéene taxe auncient demesne, [Page] as shée may at her pleasure for some great cause.

Also to be frée from paimentes towardes the expences of the Knights of the Shire that come to the Parliament.

And if the Shirife will distraine them, or any of them to bee contributorie for their landes in auncient demesne, then one of them or all as the case requireth, may sue a writte directed to the shirife commaunding him that hée do not compell them to be contributories to the expences of the Knightes. And the same writte doth commaund him also, that if hee haue alreadie distrayned them therefore, that he redeliuer the same distresse.

Also that they ought not to bee impannelled, nor put in Iuries and enquests in the countrey out of their Mannour or lordship of auncient demesne, for the landes that they holde there (except that they haue other landes at the common law, for which they ought to bee charged) [Page 172] And if the Shirife doe returne them in panels, then they may haue a writte directed to him de non ponē dis in assisis & iuratis: And if he doe the contrarie, then lyeth an attachment vpon that against him.

And so it is also if the Bailifes of Franchises that haue returne of writs will returne anie of the tenaunts which holde in ancient demesne in Assises or iuries.

And also to be exempt frō Leetes and the Shirifes turne, with diuers other such like liberties.

399 Socage.

TO holde in Socage is to hold of anie Lord lands or tenementes, yeelding to him a certain rēt by y^e yere for all manner of seruices.

And note well, that to holde by Socage is not to holde by knightes seruice, nor to it belongeth warde, mariage, nor reliefe, but they shal double once their rent after the death of their auncestor, according to that that they bee wont to pay to their Lord.

[Page]And they shal not be ouer measure grieued, as it appeareth in the Treatile of wardes and reliefe.

And note well that Socage may be said in 3. manners, that is to saye: Socage in frée tenure, Socage in ancient tenure, and Socage in base tenure.

rent for all manner of seruices, as is before saide, and of that the next kinnes bodie shall haue the warde to whom the heritage may not discende, till the age of xiiii. yéeres, that is to say: if the heritage come by the parte of the Father, they of the parte of the Mother shall haue the warde, And contrariwise.

And note well that if the gardian in socage do make wast, he shal not be impeached of wast, but hee shall yeelde accompt to the heire when hee shall come to his ful age of xxi. yeres. And looke the statute of Marleb. cap. 17. for this matter.

Socage of auncient tenure is that where the people in auncient demesne helde, which vse no other writte to haue then the [Page 173] writte of Right close, which shall bee determined according to the custome of the manor, and the Monstrauerunt for to discharge them when their Lord distraineth them for to doe other Seruices that they ought not to doe.

And this writ of Monstrauerunt ought to bee brought against the Lord▪ and these tenants holde al by one certaine seruice, and these be free tenants of ancient demesne.

Socage in [...]as [...] tenure is wher a man holdeth in ancient demesne, that maye not haue the Monstrauerunt, and for that it is called the base Tenure.

400 Summons ad warrantizandum &c.

SVmmons ad warrantizā dum & sequatur sub suo periculo, See of them a [...]ter in the title voucher.

401 Spoliation.

SPoliation, is a suite for the fruites of a Church, or for the church it self, and it is to bee sued in the spirituall [Page] Court, and not in the temporall Courtes. And this suite lyeth for one incumbent agaynst another incumbent, where they both claime by one patron, and where the right of the patronage doth not come in question or debate. As if a Parson bee created a Bishop, and hath dispensation to kéepe his benefice still, and afterward the Patron presents another incumbent which is instituted, and inducted: Nowe the Bishoppe maie haue against that Incumbent a Spoliation in the Spirituall Courte, because they claime both by one Patron, and the right of the patronage doth not come in debate, and because that the other incumbent came to the possession of the benefice by the course of the Spirituall Lawe, that is to saie, by institution and induction, so that he hath colour to haue it and bee Parson by the spirituall Lawe. For otherwise if he be not instituted and inducted &c. Spoliation lyeth not against him, [Page 174] but rather a writ of Trespasse, or an assise of Nouel disseisin &c.

So it is also where a person which hath a pluralitie doeth accept an other benefice, by reason whereof the Patron presents another clerke, who is instituted and inducted, now the one of them may haue Spoliation against the other, and then shall come in debate if hee haue a sufficient pluralitie or not. And so it is of depriuation &c.

The same law, is where one sayeth to the Patron, that his Clerke is dead, where vpon hee presents another: There the first incumbent which was supposed to bee dead may haue a Spoliation against the other, and so it is in diuers other like cases, whereof See Fitzherbert Nat. breuium.

402 Stallage.

STallage, that is to bee quite of a certaine custome exacted for the streat taken or assigned in faires and markets.

[Page]

Suit couenant.

SVit couenant, is when your auncestors haue couenanted with my auncestors to sue to the court of my auncestors.

Suit custome.

SVit custome, is when I and my auncestors haue béene seised of your owne suit & your ancestors time out of mynde &c.

Suit reall.

SVit reall, is when men come to the shirifes turne or leete, to which court all men shal bee compelled to come to knowe the lawes, so that they shal not be ignorant of things that shalbee declared there how they shalbe gouerned. And it is called reall siute because of their allegeāce▪ and this appeareth by cō mon experience when one is sworne, his othe is, that he shalbe a loyall and faithful man to y^e Quéene. And this suite is not for the land which he holdeth within the Countie, but by reason of his person, [Page 175] and his abode there, and ought to bee done twise a yere, for default whereof, he shall be amerced and not distrained.

406 Suit seruice.

SVit seruice, is to sue to the Shirifes turne or Leete, or to the Lordes Court from three weekes to three weekes by the whole yeere, and for default thereof, a man shalbee distrained and not amerced. And this suit seruice is by reason of the tenure of a mans lands.

407 Statute marchant.

TO holde by Statut marchant, is where a man knowledgeth to paye certain money to another at a certaine day before the Maior, Baylife or other warden of any town that hath power to make execution of the same statut, & if the obligor paye not the debt at the day, & nothing of his goods, landes or tenemēts may be found w^tin the ward of the Maior or warden beforesaid, but in other places without, then [Page] the recognisee shall sue the recognisance and obligation with a certification to the Chauncerie vnder the kings seale, and hee shall haue out of the Chauncery a Capias to the Shirife of the countie where hee is to take him, and to put him in prison, if hee bee not a clerke, till hee haue made gréement of the debt. And one quarter of the yeere after that, that he shalbee taken, hee shall haue his land deliuered to himself to make gree to the partie of the debt, and hee may sell it while hee is in prison, and his sale shall be good and lawfull. And if hee do not gree within a quarter of a yeere, or if it be returned that hee be not found, then the reconisée may haue a writ of the Chauncery which is called Extendi facias, direct to all shirifes where hee hath lands, to extend his lands and goods, and to deliuer the goods to him, & to seise him in his lands, to holde them to him and to his heires & his assignes, till that the debtes bee leuyed [Page 176] or payed, and for that time he is tenaunt by statute marchant. And note well, that in a statute marchant the recognisee shall haue execution of all the landes which the recognisour had the daye of the recognisance made, and anye tune after by force of the same statute.

And note wel, that when any wast and destruction is made by the recognisee, his executors, or by him that hath estate, the recognisor or his executors shal haue the same lawe as is beforesaid of the tenant by Elegit.

And note well, if the tenant by statute Marchāt holde ouer his terme, hee that hath right may sue against him a Venirefacias ad computandum, or els enter by and by as vpon tenant by Elegit. See the statut 11. E. 1. and of Acton burnel, & 13. E. 1. de Mercatoribus.

T.

408 Fee Taile.

TO holde in the taile is where a man holdeth [Page] certain lands or tenemēts to him and to his heires of his bodie begotten. And note well, that if the lande be giuen to a man and to his heires males, & he hath issue male, he hath fee simple, and that was aiudged in the Parliament of our Lord y^• king. But where lands be giuen to a man & to his heires males of his body begotten, then hee hath fee taile, and the issue female shall not be inheritable, as it appeareth the 14. yere of Ed. 3. in Assise 18. E. 3. 45.

Fee taile, is where land is giuen to a man and his heires of his body begotten, and he is called Tenant in the taile generall, but if lands be giuen to the husband & the wife & the heires of their two bodies begotten, then the husband and the wife be Tenants in the taile especiall, and if one of them die, he that suruiueth is tenant in tail after possibility of issu extinct and if he make wast he shal not bee impeached for that wast. See Littleton.

But if the king giue lād [Page 177] to a man and to his heires males, and the donee dieth without issue mal [...], then the cosin collaterall of the donee shal not enherite, but the king shall reenter and so it was adiudged in the Eschequer Chamber 18. H. 8. in an Information made against the heire of Sir T. Lou [...]l knight.

409 Taile after possibilitie.

TO holde in the tayle after possibilitie of issue extinct, is where lande is giuen to a man and to his wife, & to the heirs of their two bodies engendred, and one of them oueri [...]eth the other without issue betwéene them begotten, he shall hold the land for term of his own life, as tenaunt in the taile after poss [...]bility of issue extinct. And notwithstanding that hee d [...]e wast, he shall neuer be impeached of that wast. And note y^• if he alien, he in the reuersion shall not haue a writ of entrie in consimili casu. But he may enter, & his entre is law [...]ull, per R. Thorp chiefe Iustice 28. [Page] E. 3. 96. & 4 [...]. E. 3. 25▪

Taxe and tallage.

TAxe and tallage, are paiments, as tenthes, fiftenths, subsidies, or such like granted to the Quéen by Parliament.

The tenaunts in auncient demesne are quite of these taxes and tallages graunted by Parliament except that the Quéen [...] doe taxe auncient [...]sne, as shée may [...] shée thinks good for some great cause. Sée auncient de [...] mesne.

Tenure in capite.

TEnure in capite, is [...] any hold of the Quéen [...] as of her person [...]yng Quéene, & of her cro [...] as of a Lordship by it self [...] in grosse, and in chief above all other Lordships, And not where they h [...]lde of her as of anie Mau [...], Honour, or Cast [...]ll, except certeyn [...] auncient honor [...] which appeare in the Esch [...]quer.

Terme dan [...].

TO holde for terme of yere [...] is not but chattell [Page 178] in effect, for no action is maintenable against y^• termour, for the recouering of the free holde, for no freehold is in him. A leas for terme of yeres is a chattell reall, & the other chattell is personal, & all goods which are remouable are chattels parsonals.

413 Testament.

TEstament, is thus desined in master Plowdens C [...]mentarus, a testament is the witnesse of the mind, & is compound of these two wordes, Testatio & mentis, which so signifieth, trueth is, that a Testament is a witnes of the mind, but that it is a compound worde, Aulus Gellius [...] his vi. booke, cap. 12. doth deny the same to an excellent lawyer one Seruius Sulpitius, & sayeth that it is a simple word, as are these Calciamentū, Paludamentum, Pauiamentū, and di [...]rs such like.

And much lesse is agreamentum, a cōpound word of aggregatio and mentiū, as is saide before in the title [...] Agreement, for [Page] there is no such latin word simple or compound, but it may neuerthelesse serue wel for a law latin worde.

And therefore thus it may be better defined. A Testament is the true declaration of our last will, of that we would to bee done after our death &c.

And of Testamentes there be two sorts, namely a Testament in writing, and a Testament by wordes, which is called a Nuncupatiue Testament.

The first is alwaies [...]n writing as is s [...].

The other is, when a man being sicke, and for feare least death or want of memorie, or of speech, shoulde come so suddenly and hastely vpon him, that he should bee preuented if hee st [...]yed the writing of his Testament, desireth his neighbours and friends to [...]e [...]re witnesse of his last win▪ and then declareth the same presently by wordes before them, which after his dece [...] is proued by witnesses, and put in writing [Page 179] by the Ordinary, and then standeth in▪ as good force (except for lands) as if it had at y^• first in the life of the Testator béen put in writing.

414 Them.

THem, that is, that you shall haue all the generations of your villames with their suites and cattell wheresoeuer they shal be [...]ound in England, except that if any bondman shal remain quite one yere and a day in any priuiledged towne, so that he shall be receiued into their communaltie or guilde, as one of them, by that meanes he is deliuered from villeuage.

415 Theftbote.

THeftbote, is when a mā taketh any goods of a theefe to fauour and maintaine him: And not when a man taketh his owne goods that were stolien from him [...]c.

The punishment in auncient time of theeftbote, was of life and member. But n [...]we at this day [Page] Mast. Stamford seith, it is punished by raunsome and by imprisonment. But enquire further, for I thinke if be felonie.

Title.

TItle, is where a lawfull cause is come vppon a man to haue a thing which an other hath, and he hath no action for the same, as title of Mortmaine, or to enter for breach of condition.

Title de Entre.

TItle de Entre, is when one seised of land in [...]ee maketh feffement thereof vpon condition, and the condition is broken: Now after the condition thus broken, the feoffor hath title to enter into the land, and may so doe at his pleasure, and by his entrie the frée hold shalbe said to [...]e in him presentlie.

And it is c [...]lsed Title of entre▪ because that hée cannot haue writte of Right against his feoffée vppon condition, for his right was out of him by the feoffemēt, which cānot be reduced without entrie, [Page 180] & the entrie must be for the breach of the condition.

418 Tolle, or Tolne.

TOlle, or Tolne, is most properlie a payment vsed in Cities, Townes, Markets and Faires, for goods and cattell brought thither to be bought and solde. And is alwayes to [...]e payed by the buyer and not by the seller, except there be some custome otherwise.

There are diuers others Tolles, as Turne tolle, and that is where Tolle is paid for beastes that are driuen to be sold, although that they be not solde in déed.

Also Tolle tr [...]ers, that [...]s where one claymeth to haue a halfepenie, or such lyke tolle of euirie beast that is dryuen ouer his ground.

Through Tolle, is where a towne prescribes to haue Tolle for euerie [...]rast that goeth through their towne a certaine, or for euery [...]oore or 100. a certaine: which f [...]emeth not to be so vnreasonable a prescription or custome, as [Page] some haue thought, although it bee through the Quéenes high way (as they call it) where euerie man may lawfully goe, if that there be one thing for an other: As it there bee a bridge or such like commoditie prouided at the costes and charges of the Towne, for the case of trauaylers that driue that way, whereby their iourney is eyther shortned or bettered, why thē may not tolle be lawfully and with good reason demaunded of them &c?

But diuers Citizens & Townes men are frée frō paying tolle by graunt of the Quéene or her auncestors, or doe clayme the same by prescription or custome. So also spirituall persons and religious men (as they call them) were quit of paying tolle for their goodes and marchandises bought and sold, but now the Statute of king H. 8. An. 21. cap. 13. will that they shall not marchandise.

Also tenants in auncient demesne ought to bée [Page 181] quit throughout the whole Realme of paying tolle, as appeareth before in y^e title Sokemās. And in al these cases where toll is demaū ded where it ought not to be paid of them that should goe, bay and sell tolle frée, there the partie or parties grieued may haue a writ, De essendi quietum de tolonio, directed to him, or thē that so demaūded tolle contrarie to the Quéene or her progenitors graunt, or contrarie to custome or prescription.

419 Treason.

TReason, is in two maners, that is to say, graund treason and petit treason, as it is ordeined by the statutes and therefore looke the statutes, and Stamf. lib 1. cap. 2.

420 Treasure troue.

TReasure troue, is when any money, golde, siluer, plate or bolyon, is found in any place, and no man knoweth to whome the propertie is, then the property thereof belongeth to the King, and that is called treasure trone, that is to say, treasure found. [Page] But if anie mine of mettall be found in any groūd▪ that alway pertayneth to the Lord of the soyle, except it be a mine of golde or siluer which shalbe alway to the king in whose groūd soeuer they be found.

Shirifes tourne.

SHerifes tourne, is a court of recorde in all thinges that pertain to the tourne. And it is the Queenes léete thorough all the Countie, and the Sherife is iudge. And whosoeuer hath a léete hath the same authoritie within the precinct, as the Sherife hath within the tourne.

V.

View.

VIew, is when ante action reall is brought and the tenaunt knoweth not well what lande it is that the demaundant asketh then the tenant shall pray the view▪ that is to say, y^• hée may fée the land which he claymeth. But if the tenant hath had the view in one writ, and after the [Page 182] writte is abated in misnaming of the towne, or by ioyntenure, & after the demandant bringeth another writte against the tenant, then y^• tenant shal not haue the view in the secōd writ.

423 Vilaica remouenda.

VIlaica remouenda, is a writ, and it lieth where debate is betweene two Parsons or prouisors for a Church, and one of them entreth into the Church with great power of laye [...]n [...], and holdeth the other out with force and armes, then hee that is holden out shall haue this writ directed to the Shirife that hee remooue the power which is within the Church, and the Shirife shall bee commanded that if he find anie men there withstanding, that the Shirife shall take with him the power of his Countie if neede bee, and stall arrest the bodies of all them him resisting, and shal out them in prison, so that he haue their bodies before the King at a certaine daie to answere to the cōtempt. [Page] And this writte is returnable, and it shall not bee granted before that the bishop of y^• place wher such a church is, hath certified in the Chauncerie such resisting and force.

Villenage.

TO holde in pure villenage, is to doe all that, that the lord will him command.

The diffinition of villenage is villein of blood▪ and of tenure. And it is he of whome the Lorde taketh redemption to marrie his daughter, and to make him frée, and it is he whom the Lord maye put out of his lands or tenements at his wil, and also of al his goods and cattell.

And note well, that a sokeman is no pure villein, nor a vilei [...]e oweth not ward, mariage, nor reliefe, nor to do any other seruices real.

And note well, that the tenure in villenage shall make no freeman villeine, if it bee not continued euer sith time out of minde▪ [Page 183] nor villaine land shal make no frée man villeine, nor frée lande shall make no villeine frée, except that the tenaunt haue continued frée sith the time of no minde.

But a villein shall make frée lande villeine by seisin or claime of the Lord. And note well, that if a villeine purchase certain land, and take a wife and alien, and dieth before the claime or seisin of the Lord, the wife shall be endowed.

And note well, that in case that the Lorde bring a Praecipe (quam) reddat against the alience of his villeine which voucheth to warrant the issue of the villeine which is villein to the lord hee shall haue the voucher, and by protestation the Lorde may notwithstanding that hee plea [...]e with his villeine, saue that his villein shall not bee infranchised. And note wel that a Bastarde shall neuer bée iudged villeine, but by knowledge in courte of recorde. And note well that if debt [...] due by a Lord to a frée man, and hée maketh [Page] two men his executours the which be villeins to the saide Lorde and dyeth, the villeins shal haue an action of debt against their Lord▪ And notwithstāding that he plede with them, and if hee make protestation they shal not be thereby enfranchised, for that that they be to recouer the dette aforesaide to the vse of another person, that is to saye to the vse of their teitatour, and not to their owne vse.

And if the tenaunt in dower haue a villein which purchaseth certaine lande in fée, and after the tenant in dower entreth, she shall haue the land to her and to her heirs for euermore, and the same lawe is of tenant for terme of yeeres of a villeine.

And note will that the Lord may rob [...]e, beate and chastice [...]s villeine at his will, saue o [...]y that he may not ma [...]ne him, for then he shall haue appeal [...] maime against him.

And note well▪ that [...] villeine may haue three actions against his lord, th [...] [Page 184] is to saie, an appeale of the death of his ancestour, an appeale of rape done to his wife, and an appeale of maime. And note well if ii. parceners bring a writ of niefe, and one of them bee nonsuit, the nonsuit of him shall be iudged the nonsuit of them both, so that if that nonsuite bee after appearance, they shall bee saued from that action for euer, for the lawe is such in fauour of libertie.

And note well, if two haue a villeine in common, & one of them make to him [...] manumission, he shall not be made frée against both,

And note well, that in a writ de Natiuo habendo, it behooueth that the Lorde shew how the def. commeth to be priuie of the blood of the villeine of whom he is lord &c. And if he nor none of his ancestors were not seised of none of his blood, he shal not win by his action, if the villein haue not knowledged in Courte of Recorde himselfe to be his villein.

And note well that in a writ of Niefe may not be [Page] put more Niefs then two and this was first brought in the hatred of bondage. But in a writ de libertate probanda may bee put as manie niefes as the plaintife will.

And note well that if the villeine of a Lorde be in auncient demesne of the king, or other towne priuiledged, within a yeere and a day, the Lorde may seise him, and if hee dwell in the same towne or other place franchised by a yéere and a daie without seisin of the Lord, he hath no power to seise him after, if hee go [...] not out of the foresaid franchise.

And some bee villeines by title of Prescription, that is to say, y^t they haue béen villeines regardants to the manor of the lorde of time of no memorie.

And some be villeins by their confession in a courts of recorde. Also the lorde maie make a manumission to his villeine, and make him free for euer.

Also if the villeine bring anie action agaynst his [Page 185] lord, if it be not App [...]ale of mahim, and the Lord make aunswere vnto it, then by this the villeine is made frée.

Also if a villeine purchase land, and hath goods and sel the lands and goods before any entre or seisin made by the Lorde. the sale is good. But the King which is Lord of a villein in such case may enter and seise the lande alter such sale made, for no time runneth against the king.

425 Viscount.

VIscount, is either the name of one degrée or state of honour vnder an Earle or aboue a Baron, or else the name of a Magistrate and Officer of great aucthoritie whome wee commonly call (Shirife) or to speake more truelis (Shire reue) and was at the first called (Shiregereue) that is to saye the kéeper of the shire, vr the reue or ruler of the Shire, for (Gereue) being deriued of the Saxon worde (Gerecean) to rule, [Page] was first called (Gerecfa) and then (Gerefa) which betokeneth a ruler. And heereof commeth (Portreue or Portgreue) a name that in olde time was giuen to the head officer of a Towne, and signifieth the Ruler of the Towne for that (Porte) comming of the Latine worde Por [...]s, signifieth a Port town, and (Gereue) being deriued as is aforesaide signifieth a ruler, so that Portgereue, or as we now shorter speak it (Portreue) is the ruler of the towne.

And thus was the head Officer or Gouernour of the Citie of London long since (before they had the name of Maior or bailifs) called, as it doth appeare in diuers olde Monuments. But chieflie in the Saxon Charter of william Bastard the Corquerour, which thus beginneth.

William the King gr [...]eteth William the Bishop & Godfrey the Portreue, and also the▪ Citizens tha [...] in London be, &c.

[Page 186]So also they of Germanie (from whome wee and our language together first came) call amonge them one gouernour Burgreeue, another Margreeue, and another Landsg [...]ee [...]e, with such like &c.

Thus much is said onely to shewe the right Etimon and antiquitie of the woorde (Shirif) to which Officer our common Law [...]ath alwaies accordingly giuen great trust and authoritie, as to be a speciall preseruer of the peace. And therefore all obligations that he takes to the same end, are as Recognisances in lawe.

Hee also is a Iudge of recorde when hee holdes the Léetes or Turnes, which are Courtes of recorde.

Also he hath the execution and returne of writtes, and impanelling of Iuries and such like &c.

426 Volunt.

VOlunt is, when the tenant [...]oldeth at the will [Page] of the lessour, or of the Lorde, and that is in two manners.

One is when I make a lease to a man of landes, to holde at my will, then I may put him out at my pleasure: But if he sowe the ground, and I put him out, then hee shall haue his corne, and going out and comming in till they bee ripe to cutte and carrie of the ground.

And such tenant at will is not so bounde to sustaine and repaire the house as a tenant for terme of ye [...]es is bound: But if he make wilful wast▪ the lessor shal haue against him an action of Trespas.

Also there is another tenant at will of the Lord by copie of Court Roll according to the custome of the Mannor: And such a tenaunt may surrender the lands into the hands of the Lord by custome to the vse of another for terme of life, or in fée simple, or in [...]a [...]e, and then he shall take the lande of the Lorde or his stewarde by copie, and shal make fine to the Lord, [Page 187] But if the Lorde put out such a tenant, bee hath no remedy but to sue by petition, and if such a tenant will impled another at the lāds &c. hee ought to enter a plaint in the Court, & shall declare in the nature of what writte hee will, as the case lyeth.

427 Voucher.

VOucher, is when a Praecipe quod reddat of land is brought aga [...]nst a man, and another ought to warrent the land to the tenant, then the tenant shall vouch him to warrantie, and thereupon hee shall haue a writte called Summoneas ad warrantizandum: And if the Shirif retourne that hee hath nothing by the which hée maie bee summoned, then there shall goe foorth a writte called Sequatur sub suo periculo, and when hee▪ commeth he shal plead with the demaundant, and if hee come not, or if hee come and cannot barre the demandant, then the demandāt shal recouer the land against the tenāt, [Page] and the tenant shall recouer as much land in value against the vouchee, and thereupon hee shall haue & writ called Capias ad vavalentiā against y^• vouchée.

Looke more of Voucher before in y^• title Garrātie.

Vses.

VSes of land had beginning after that the custome of property began among men: As where one being seised of lands in fee simple, made a feoffement to another without any consideration, but onely meaning that the other should be seised to his vse, and that he himself would take the commodity & prosits of the landes, and that the feoffee shoulde haue the possession and franktenement thereof to the same vse &c.

Nowe after this vpon good considerations, and to auoid diuers mischiefes and inconueniences, was the Statute of Anno 27. H. 8. cap. 10. prouyded, which vniteth the vse and possession together, so that who hath the vse [Page 188] of the land, the s [...]me hath the possession thereof, according to the vse he hath therein by vertue of that estatute.

429 Vsurie.

VSurie, is a gaine of any thing aboue the principall, or that which was lent, exacted onely in consideration of y^e loane, whether it be of corne, meate, apparell, wares, or such like as of money.

And here much might bee saide, and many cases might be put concerning Vsurie, which of purpose I omit, onely I wish, that they who accompt themselues religious and good Christians woulde not deceiue them selues by colour of the statute of Vsurie, because it sayrth that it shall not bee lawfull for any to take aboue x. pound in the C. li. for a yerare &c. whereby they gather (although falsely) that they may therefore take x. pound for the loane of an C▪ pound with a good conscience [...] because the Statute doeth after a sort [Page] dispence withall (for that it doeth no [...] punish such taking) which thing it cannot do with y^• lawes and ordinances of God, for God will haue his decrees to bee kept [...]uiolable, who sayeth, lende [...]o king for nothing thereby &c. By which wordes is excluded, either the taking o [...] x. li. [...] [...]. yea, or one peny aboue the principall. But rather let such [...], that that statute was made vpon like cause, that mooued Moyses to giue a [...]ill of diuorce to the Isra [...]lites, as name [...]y to auoyde a greater m [...]hiefe, and for the hardne [...]se of their hearts.

Vtlarie.

VTlarie, is when an exigent go [...]th foorth against any man, & proclamation made in v [...]. counties, then a [...] the v. countie if the defendant [...]ppea [...]e not, then the coroner shall giue iudgement tha [...] hee shalbe out of the pro [...]ection of the king, and out of the [...]yde of the law.

And by such a [...] vilary in [Page 189] actions persone [...]s the partie outl [...]wed shall forfait al his goods and cattels to the king.

And by an vt [...]ary in felony he shall forfait aswell a [...] his [...]a [...]des & [...]enements that hee hath insee simp [...]e, or for terme of his life, as h [...]s goods and cattels.

Also though a man bee outlawed, yet i [...] any [...]rror or discontinuance be in the fuite of the proces the p [...]rtie thereof shall haue aduantage▪ and for such cause the [...]tiary shalbe reuersed & ad [...]ed:

Also if the partie defendant be ouer the sea at the time of the v [...]arye pronounced, that is a good cause of the reuersall of the vtlarie.

Also if an exigent bee awarded against a man in one Countie where hee dwelleth not▪ yet an exigēt with procla [...]atiō shall goe foorth to the Countie where he dwelleth▪ or els i [...] he be thereupon outlawed the vtlarie may bee reuersed as it appeareth by the statute made the 6. & 4. yere of king H. 8. cap. 4.

[Page]Also if a man bee ou [...]awed in an action parsonel at the suit of another, & after hee purchase his charter of pardon of the king, such charter shall neuer be allowed, till he hath sued a writ of Scir̄ facias to warn the partie plaintife, and if hee appeare▪ then the d [...] fendant shall aunswer him and barre him of his actiō, or else to ma [...]e agreement with him.

Vtrum.

VTrum▪ is a writ, and it lyeth when the right of any Church is aliened & holden in lay fee, or translated into the possession of another Church, and the alienour dyeth, then his successour shall haue the sa [...]d writ, whereby an inquest shalbee charged to try whether it bee the free almes of the Church o [...] lay fee. And note well that none that hath Couent, or common Seale may maintain [...] this writ, but a writ of Entre sine a [...]en [...] capituli of the alienation made by his predecessour.

[Page 190]

W.

Waife.

WAife, is when a théefe hath feloniouslie stollen goods, and being neerely followed with hue and crie, or [...]s ouercharged with the burden or trouble of the goodes, for his ease sa [...]e and more speedie trauayling, without hue and crie, [...]lieth away and leaueth the goods or anie parte of them behind him, then the Queenes officer, o [...] the [...]eeue or Baylife to the Lord of the manor (within whose [...]ur [...]so [...]ction or circuit they were left) that by prescription. or graūt from the Quéene hath the Fraunchise of waife, may seise the goods so wayued to their Lordes vse, who may keepe them as his owne proper goods: except that the owner come with freshe sinte after the selon, and sue an appeale, or giue in eu [...] dence against him at his arra [...]nement vpon the indictment, and bee attainted thereof &c. In which [Page] cases the first owner shall haue restitution of his goods so stollen and wayued.

But although as hath béene said waife is properly of goods stol [...]ē, yet waife may [...]e also the goods that are not stolne. As if a man be pursued with hue and c [...]ie, as a felon, and he flyeth, and leaueth his owne goods &c. these shalbe taken as goods waiued, and forfait as if they had bée [...]e st [...]ne.

Waiue.

WAiue is a woman that is outlawed, and shée is called waiue, as lefte out or forsaken of the law, and not an vtlaw as a m [...] is. For women are not sworne in leetes to the Queene, nor to the law [...], as men are, who therefore are within the law, wher [...] as women are not, and for that cause they cann [...]t [...] said outlawed in so much as they neuer were within it. But a man is called vtlawe, because that he was once sworne to the law [...] and now for cōtempt he is [Page 191] put out of the law, & is called vtlaw, as one should say without benefit [...] the law.

434 Warwit.

WArwit (or wardwit as some copies haue it) that is to be quite of giuing of money for kéeping of watches.

435 Wast.

WAst is where tenant for terme of yéeres, tenant for terme of [...]fe, or tenant for terme of anothers life, tenant in dower, or tenant by the curtesie or gardein in chiualry doth make wast or destruction vpō the land, that [...] to say, pu [...]eth downe the house, or cutteth downe [...]i [...]ber▪ or suffereth the house willing [...]y to fa [...] ▪ or diggeth the ground, ther hee in the reuersion shall haue▪ one writ for that wast▪ and shall recoue [...] the place where the wast is done, & t [...]ble dammages. And if a man cut downe [...]mb [...]r without lice [...]ce and therewith repaireth old houses, yet that is no wast. But if he with the timber builde a newe [Page] house, then y^• cutting down of such timber is wast. Also the cutting downe of vnderwood or willowes, which is no timber shall not be said wast, but if they grow in y^• sight or shadow of the house.

Wrecke.

WRecke or varech as y^• Normās from whom it came call it, is where a ship is perished on the sea, and no man escapeth a liue out of the same, & the ship or parte of the ship so perished, or the goods of the ship come to the lande of any Lorde, the [...]orde shall haue that as a wrec [...]e of the Sea, but if a man or a dogge, or cat, escape aliue, so that the partie to whom the goods belonge come within a yeere and a day and prooue the goods to be his, hée shall haue them againe, by prouision of the statute of westm. 1. cap. 4. made in king Ed. 1. dayes, who therein followed the decrée of Henrie the first, before whose dayes, if a ship had beene cast on shore, [Page 192] torne with tempest, and were not repaired by such as escaped aliue within a certeine time, that thē this was taken for wrecke.

437 Withernam.

WIthernam, Looke therfore in the title Distresse.

438 Warren.

WArren is a place priuiledged by prescriptiō or grant of the Quéene for the preseruation of Hares, Comes, partriges, and Feasantes or anie of them.

[Page 1]

Abatement de briefe ou plaint.

ABatement de br̄e ou plaint est quāt vn action est port per briefe ou plaint en q̄ fault sufficient & bon matter, ou auterment le matter alleage, nest certeinment alleage, ou si le plaintife, ou defendant, ou lieu sont misnom̄, ou sil appere variance perenter le briefe & le specialtie, ou record, ou que le briefe ou declaration sont vncerteine, ou pur mort del plaintife, ou defendant, & pur diuers auters semblable causes, don (que) sur ceux defaults, le def. poit prie que le briefe ou plaint abatera, cest adire, que le suit del pl. enuers luy cessera pur cest tēps, & q̄ [...]l commencer a auter temps son suit & port vn nouel brief ou plaint, sil soit issint dispose a faire. Mes si le def▪ in ascun action plead vn matt in barre pur adnuller le [Page] action a touts io urs, il ne viendra apres a pled' in abatement de br̄, mes si apres il appiert in le Record q̄ est ascun matt apparant pur que le br̄ doit estre abat, dōq, le def. ou asc' aut ꝑson, vt amicꝰ curiae poit bn̄ plede & mr̄e ceo in arrest de iudgem̄t.

Veies les titles de brief, Misnosm̄, & variance en les Abridgemēts, & le liuer appel le Digests del briefes, in quel est fort bn̄ entreat especialment de ceux matters.

Abatement de br̄e ou pleint.

Fault de
- sufficient matter
- ou bone matter
Le matter nest certeinment alledge
plaintife est Misnosme
defendant est Misnosme
ou lieu est Misnosme
variance enter
- Briefe
- Specialtie
- ou Record
vncertaintie del
- Briefe
- Count
- ou declaration
Mort
- Plaintife ou
- defendant

2 Abatement en terres

ABatement en terres ou ten̄ts est quant vn hōe [Page 2] morust seisi de terres ou ten̄ts, & vn que nad droit entra en mesmes les tres, ou ten̄ts, deuāt q̄ le heire fait son entrie, cest entrie de luy est appel vn abatemēt, & il vn abator. Mes si le heire enter primes apres le mort de son auncestor, & le aut ent sur le possession del heire, cest entre de luy est vn disseisin al heire. Vide liuer dentres fo. 63. c. & 205 d. & 519. c. lou cest abatement est appell en latin Intrusio, [...]t [...]eo entende destre melius de appeller ceo in latin Interpositio ou Intratio per interpositionem de faire differēce inter ceo & Intrusiō puis mort tenant pur vie.

Abbot.

ABbe suit le soueraigne teste ou principall de ceux measōs q̄ux quāt ils fuerent, fuerēt appell Abbies, & cē abbe ensemble oue les Moygnes de m̄ le meason, q̄ux fuer̄ appel le couent fier̄ vn corpor, & tiel soueraigne de ascun tiel measō ne ser [...] charge ꝑ act de son predecessor, [Page] fil ne soit ꝑ cōmon seale, ou p̄ tiel chose que vient al vse de son meason. Auxi abbe ne serra charge pur le det en q̄ son comoigne fuit indet deuant son entre en religion, mes (que) le creditor ad de ceo vn especialty, sinon q̄ il auoit deuenus al vse de sō meason, mes les executors de comoigne serra charge oue ceo.

Vide pur ceo in le Abridgm̄t m̄ title, desouth quel veies com̄t ascūs de ceux fueront electiue, asc' presentatiue, Et com̄t fueront prefect, & lour aucthority, & en cel title sōt auxi comprehende touts autres corporations spirituall, come prior & son couent, Frieres & Canōs, Deane & Chapter.

4 Abbettors.

ABbettors sont in diūs cases diuersm̄t prise: vn kinde de abbettors sont ceux que maliciousm̄t sās droitur̄ cause oudesert ꝓeur̄ auts de suer faux appeals de murder, ou felonie enuers hōes al entent de troubl' & grieū eux & [Page 3] pur fair eux en enfamy & slaunder. Abbettors in murder sont ceux que cō maund, procure, counsell ou confortauters de murder. Et en ascun case [...]el abbettors serront prises come principals & en ascū case forsque come Accessories: Issint en auter felonies, Et lour presence a le chose fait, & lour absēce de la, fait vn differēce [...] le case. Il y ad abbett auxi en tresō, mes ils sont en cas come princ', car en treas [...] il ny ad ascun accessories.

Veies pluis de ceo en le lieur appel les Plees del Crowne cōpile per le tre [...] reuerēd Iudg Sir W. Stāf. en les titles de Accessories & damages en appell.

Abeiance.

ABeiance est qn̄t vn leas est fait pur terme de vie le remainder al droit heires de I. S. le quel I. S. est en vie al temps del grant, Ore per cest grant le remainder passa hors del grantor maintenant, vncore il ne vesta maintenant, [Page] ne prist effect en le grantee, cest adire le droit heire de I. S. mes est dit deste en abeiāce, ou come les Logiciens appelle ceo in potentia, ou in intellectu, & come nous diomus in nubibus, cestassauoir, en le consideration de le ley, Que si I. S. morust eyant vn droit heire en vie, & viuant le lessee pur vie, donques ceo est vn bone remainder, & a ore veste & vient en le dit droit heire, en tiel sort que il poit graunt forfait ou auterment dispose ceo, & cessa deste ore en abeyance, pur ceo que il est vn a ore de abilitie pur prender ceo, pur ceo que I. S. est mort & ad relinquishe vn droit heire en vie, le quel ne poit estre viuant I. S. car durāt son vie nul poit properment este dit son heire. Itē si vn home soit patron dun esglise, & present auter a ceo, Ore est le fee des terres ou tenements perteignant al rectory en le person, mes si le ꝑson morust & le esglise est deuenus void, donque est le [Page 4] fee en abeyance, tanque il soit vn nouel Parson present, car le patron nad le fee, mes so lemēt le droit de presenter, & le fee est in le incumbent, que est present, & puis son mort, il nest en ascun mes en abeyance, tanque il soit vn nouel incumbent come est auant dit.

Veyes Lit. lib. 3. Cap. 11. Fol. 145. Et Park. fol. 12.

Abishersing.

ABishersing (& in ascun copies Mishersing) hoc est quietum esse de amerciamētis corā quibuscun (que) de trāsgressione probata.

Abiuration.

ABiuration est vn serement, q̄ home ou feme preygnont quant ils ont commisse felome, & fue al Eglise ou cemitorie, ou auter lieu priuiledge pur tuitiō de lour vyes, eslysāt pluistost ꝑpetual banishment hors de Realme, que a estoier a le ley, & destre trie del felony. En cel case deuant le Coroner il ferra tiel confession que puit [Page] faire sufficient endytement de felony, donques le Coroner al common ley luy ferra de abiure la Realme et assigne a luy quel port il alera et luy iura que il ne va hors del haut chymin & que il ne demurra en le port, (sil poit auer bone passage) fors (que) vn flood & vn ebb, & sil ne poit auer passage, que il alera chescun iour durant xl. iours in la meare a son genu, Mes si [...]iel felon que abiure, ala hors de la chemine & fue a auter lieu, si il so it prise, il serra amesne deuaunt le Iudge, & la auera iudgement destre pendus. Mes sil que issint pria la priuiledge ne voil abiure, donques il auera la priuiledge pur xl. iours & chescun poit luy doner vyande. Mes si ascun doner luy vyande apres xl. iours, mesque il soit sa femme, tiel doner est felonie, Auxy cestuy que abiure serra deliuer per vn Constable a lauter, & de vn franchise a lauter, tanque [Page 5] il vient a son port, & si le Constable ne voit receiue luy, il serra greuousment amercie. Vide iuramentum in tractatu de Abiuratione Latronum.

Et cest ley fuit institute per S. Edward le Confessor, vn Roy de cest realme deuant le Conquest, & fuit ground de le ley de mercie, & pur le amour & reuerence sans doubt, que il & auters ses successors porteront al meason de Dieu, ou lieu de praiers & administration de son parol & sacramēts, le quel nous appellomus, le Esglise. Nota cel ley est ore change per statutes 21. H. 8. ca. 2. 22, H. 8. ca. 14. & 32. H. 8. ca. 12. Per queux appiert que il a cel iour ne abiurera le realme, eins tout son libertie de cest realme, & de son liberal & frāk habitations, resorts & passages de touts lieus de cest realme, a vn certaine lieu en cel realme a ceo limit per 32. H. 8. cap. 13. & 33. H. 8. ca. 15. Vide plus inde Staf. li. 2. ca. 10.

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8 Abridgement de plaint ou demaund.

ABridgmēt de plaint ou demand est lou vn port vn Assisse, brief de dower, briefe de garde, ou tiel sē blables, ou le brief de Assise est, de libero ten̄to, come en briefe de dower, le brief est, Rationabilem dotem quae eā cōtingit de libero tenemento, w. son baron. En en vn briefe de gard le briefe est custod' terrarum & hered' &c. & le pl' ou demaundant, demaund diuers acres, ou parcells de terre, & le tenaunt plede Nontenure, ou ioyntenancy, ou ascun auter tiel semblable plee a parcel del terre demaund, en abatement del briefe, dōques le plaintife ou demaundant poit abridger son plaint, ou demaund al cest parcel, cest adire, il poit omit hors cest part & prie q̄ le tenant respondra a rest a que il ne ad vncore pled' ascun chose. Le cause est pur ceo q̄ en tiels br̄es le certainty nest mise, mes demaund est generalment de libero ten̄to; & nient [Page 6] obstant le demaundant ad abridge son plaint ou demand en part, vncore le briefe demurre bon de libero tenemento pur le residue.

¶ Accedas ad Curiam.

ACcedas ad Curiam est vn brief direct al vicont, luy commaundant daler a tiel court dascun seignior ou franchise lou vn plaint est sue pur prisel del auers come distresse, ou ascun faux iudgment est suppose destre fait en ascun suit que fuit en tiel court, quel nest court de record, & que le vicont la ferra record del dit suit en presence del sutors de mesme le Court, & de quatuor autres chiualers del Countie, & oeo record certifier̄ al court, & a cel iour quel est assigne en le briefe.

¶ Acceptance.

ACceptance est vn prendrans en bon gree, & come vn agreement al ascun chose fait deuant, le quel poit este auoide & vnfait (si tiel acceptance [Page] nad estre) per luy ou ceux que issint accepta, sicome pur example: si vn Euesque deuant primo Eliz. lesse terre part del possessions de son Euescherie pur ans reseruant rent & morust, & puis vn auter est fait Euesque, le quel accepta, cest adire, prist ou receiue le rent quant il est & doit estre pay, ore per cest acceptance le lease est fait perfect & bon, le quel auterment le nouel Euesque poit assets bien auoid & faire frustrate.

Semblable ley est, si vn home & sa feme seisi de terres en droit del feme ioin & font leas ou [...]effment per fait reseruant rent, & le baron monist, el accept ou receyu [...] [...] rent, per cel le feoffement ou lease est fait perfect & boue, & serra barre a luy de porter sa brief appel Cui in vita.

11 Accessories.

ACcessories sont en deux sortes, lun auaunt le fact, le auter puis le fact fait. Accessorie [Page 7] deuant le fait est celuy que commāda ou procura auter de faire felony, & nest la present luy mesme quant lau ter le fait, mes sil soit present donques il est auxi principal. Accessorie puis le fait est celuy que receiua, fauora, aida, assist, on comfort ascun home que ad fait ascun murder ou felonie, dont il ad conusance, tiel accessorie serra punish, & auera iudgement de vie & de member, auxybien come le principal que fist le felonie: Mes tiel accessorie ne serra iammais mis a responder a ceo tā que le principal soit conuict ou attaint, ou soit vtlage de ceo. Mes vn feme en tiel case ne serra accessorie pur le aider de son baron: en grande ou hault Treason sibien les commanders, come les assisters & receiuors ap̄s sōt touts foits principals▪

Auxy vn poit estre accessorie al accessorie, sicōe vn feloniousemēt receiue vn auter q̄ est accessorie al felonie, la le receiuer [Page] est vn accessorie.

Veies pluis del accessorie en le dit Lieur de les Plees del Crowne, le primer lieur, cap. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. & 50.

12 ¶ Action.

ACtion est le forme de vn suit done per le ley de recouer chose, come action de dette & tiels semblables.

Vide Lexicon Iuris pur action.

13 ¶ Actions personals.

Actions personals sont tiels actions pur queux home claime det ou auter biens & chateux, ou damage pur eux, ou damage pur tort fait a son person, & est properment cel que en le Ciuil ley est appel Actio in personam, quae aduersus cum intenditur, qui ex contractu vel delicto obligatus est aliquid dare aut concedere.

14 ¶ Actions reals.

ACtions reals sont tiels actions per queux le demandant claim title al [Page 8] ascun terres ou tenemēts rents ou commons, in fee simple, fee taile, ou pur terme de vie.

Action populer.

ACtion populer est vn action q̄ est done sur le breach dascū penal statute, le q̄l actiō chesc▪ hōe q̄ voit poit suer pur luy m̄ & le Roigne, ꝑ information ou auterm̄t, come le statut allow & le case require. Et de ceux actiōs il y ad infinite number, mes vn pur example est: Quāt ascun del Iurie que sont impanel & iurus de passer perenter partie & partie indifferentment, prist ascun chose de lun part ou laut, ou de ambideux parties pur lour verdict dire al ceo part, donques ascun home q̄ voit deins lan procheine ensuant le offence fait, poit suer vn briefe appel Decies tantū enūs luy, ou ceux q̄ issint prist pur lour verdit dire, & pur ceo q̄ cest action nest don al vn hōe specialm̄t, mes generalment al asc▪ de les peopl▪ del R. q̄ [Page] voit suer, il est appell vn Action populer, mes en cel case, quant vn auoit commence de pursuer cel action, nul auter poit ceo suer, & en ceo come semble cel varie del action populer per le Ciuil ley.

16 Action mixt.

ACtion mixt est vn suit done per la ley de recouer le chose demaund, & auxy damages pur le tort fait, come en Assise de Nouel disseisin, quel briefe (si le disseisor fait feoffemēt al auter) le disseisee auera vers le disseisor & le feffee ou auter terre tenant, & en ceo recouera son seisin del terre & ses dammages pur le mean ꝓfits, & pur le tort a luy fait. Et issint est vn action de Wast & Quare impedit. Mes vn actiō de Detinu nest appel action mixt, com̄t ꝑ ceo le chose detenus est demaund, & serra recouer si poit este troue, & damages pur le detain̄, & si ne poit estre troue, dō (que) damages pur [Page 9] la chose & la deteiner▪ Mes ceo est appell solement action personall que serra port solement pur biens ou chattels.

Action del briefe.

ACtion del briefe est vn phrase del parlance, vse quant vn plede ascun matter, per que il monstre que le plaintife nad cause dauer le briefe que il port, & vncore poit este que il poit auer auter briefe ou action pur mesme le matter: tiel plee est appell plee al action del briefe, lou si per la plee appiert que le plaintife naueroit ascun cause de auer ascun action pur le chose demaund, donq̄ ▪ ceo serra dit plee al action.

Action sur le case.

ACtion sur le case est br̄ port enuers vn pur ascun offence fait sans force, come pur nient ꝑformāce del promise fait [Page] per le defendant al plaintife, ou pur parlance des parolles per queux le plaintife est defame, ou pur auter misdemeanor ou disceit, lou tout le case serra contenus en le briefe.

19 Action sur le statute.

ACtion sur le statute est briefe foundue sur ascun estatute, lou per ascun estatute vn action est done a vn en ascun case lou nul tiel action fuit deuant: Come lou vn commit periurie al preiudice dun auter, cestuy que est dampnifi [...] auera briefe sur lestatute & son case. Et le difference enter action sur le statute & action Populer est, que lou le statute done le suit ou action al partie grieue, ou auterment, a vn person certaine, ceo est appell Action sur▪ le Statute: Mes lou per le statute aucthoritie est done a chescun que voyle de [Page 10] suer, ceo est appell action populer.

Accompt.

ACcompt, est vn briefe, & gist lou Bailife ou receiuer dascun Seigniour ou dauter home, que doit render accompt, ne voit son accompt render, donques celuy a que laccompt doit este rende, auera cest briefe. Et per lestatute de Westminster 2. Capitulo 10. si laccomptant soit troue in arrerages, les Auditours que sount a luy assignes, ount power de agarder luy a prison la a demurrer tanque il ad fait gree al party, Mes si les Auditours ne voillont allower reasonable expence & costage, ou sils chargeront luy oue plusours resceipts quant ne duissent, donques son procheyne amye, que voit suer pur luy, suera vn briefe de Ex parte talis hors del Chauncery, direct al Vicount de [Page] prender iiii. mainpernors de render son corps deuant les Barons del Exchequer a certaine iour, & de garner le Seigniour dapperer la a mesme le iour.

21 Accord.

ACcord est vn agreemēt ꝑenter deux al meins pur satisfie vn offence que le vn ad fait al auter, Quant vn home ad fait vn trespas ou tiel semblable al auter, pur le quel il ad agree oue luy de satisfier & content luy oue recompence, quel si soit executed & perform̄, dō ques pur ceo que cest recompence, est vn pleine satisfaction pur le offēce, il serra vn bon barr̄ en le ley, si laut apres laccord perfourme, voit suer arere vn action pur mesme le trespas.

Nota que le primer est ꝓprement appelle vn Accord, le aut est vn cōtract.

22 Acquital.

ACquital est quant, il y ad Seignior, mesne, & [Page 11] tenaut, & le tenant tient de le mesne certeine terres ou tenemēts en frakalmoigne, frankmariage ou tiels semblables, & le mesne tient ouster auxy de le Seign̄ paramount ou deuant luy. Ore doit le mesne acquite ou discharge le tenant, de tout & chescun maner de seruice, q̄ ascū aut vo [...]t auer ou demaund de luy concernant mesmes les tres ou tenemēts, pur ceo q̄ le tenant doit fair le seruice a le mesne tantsolement, & nemy al diuers Sn̄rs pur vn ten̄t, ou parcel del terre. Mesm̄ le ley est ou il est Sn̄r, mesne, & tenant come auātdit, & le mesne granta al tenāt (sur le tenure fait parenter eux) pur acquiter & discharger luy de touts rēts, seruices & tiels semblables, Cest discharge est appel Acquitall.

Mesme le ley est, si tenant tient de son mesne per autiels seruices, come le mesne tient ouster del Seigniour, & le tenant fait ou paye seruices al [Page] mesne, mes le mesne ne fesoit ses seruices al seignior paramount, per que il distreine les bestes del tenant, en cel case le mesne pur le ouelty del seruices doit acquitter le tenaunt del seruices due al Seignior.

23 Acquitance.

ACquitance, est vn discharge en escript dun summe de mony, ou auter duty, quel doit este pay ou fait: Si come vn soit oblige de paier mony sur vn obligation, ou rent reserue sur vn leas, ou tiel semblable, & le party a q̄ le mony ou duety doit este pay, ou fait, sur le resceit de ceo, ou sur auter agreement parenter eux ewe, fait escript, ou bil de son mayne en discharge de ceo, testmoinaunt que [...]l est pay, ou auterment cōtent, & pur ceo acquite, & discharge luy de ceo, le quel acquitaunce est tiel discharge & barre in le ley, que il ne poit demand & recouer mesme le summe ou duty auter [Page 12] foits contra a ceo, sil poit monstre le acquitance.

Cest paroll differt ab hoc, quod in iure ciuili acceptitatio dicitur, quia illud fieri potest verbo fine scripto, & nihil aliud est quam [...]icta solutio & liberatio, licet solutio non sit: nec Apocha dici potest, quae cautio est solutae dataeue pecuniae▪ quae non liberat nisi pecunia soluta sit.

Actes.

ACtes de parliament sont leys positiue que consist de deux partes, cest adir de les parols del act, & del sense de ceo, & ils ambideux ioint ensemble font la ley.

Additions.

ADdition, est ceo que est done al home ouster son proper nosme & sirnosme, cest adire, pur monstrer, de quel estate, ou degree, ou misterye il est, & de que Ville ou Hamlett ou Countie.

[Page]Additions de estate sont ceux, yeoman, gentleman Esquire, & tiels sēblables.

Additiōs de degree sont ceux q̄ nous appellomus nosmes de dignitie, come Chiualer, Conte, Marques & Dux.

Additions de misterie sont ceux, scriuener, painter, mason, carpenter, tailor, smith, & issint toutes auters de semblable nature, car mistery ē le craft ou occupation, per que home gaine son liuing.

Additions de villes cōe Sale, Dale, & tiels auters, & issint de les auters.

Et lou vn home ad houshold en deux leuz, il serra dit demurr en ambideux, issint que son addition en vn de cux suffist.

Fuit ordeine per lestatute Anno 1. Henrici 5. Cap. 5. que en sutes ou actions, ou proces dutlagarie gist, tiels additions serra al nosme defendant, a declarer son estate, misterie & lieu ou il enhabite, & que tiels briefs abateront sils ne ount tiels additions, [Page 13] si le defendant prist exception a ceo, mes ils ne abateront per office del Court.

Auxy Duke, Marquesse, Counte, ou Chiualer ne sont pas del ceux additiōs, mes nosmes de dignitie, queux, duissont auer estre done deuant le Statute.

Et ceo fuit ordeigne per cest Statut fait en le primer an de Roy H. le 5. ca. 5. al intent q̄ vn home ne serroit greeue ne trouble pur le vtlagarie de vn auter: mes que per reason de le certaine addition, chescun home poit este certainment conus, & portera sa burden demesne.

Adiournement.

ADiournemēt est quant ascun Court est dissolue & determine, & assigne destr̄ gard arrere al auter lieu ou temps, & come semble, est cōpound de deux parols, (ad) ou (al) & iour.

Admeasurement de Dower.

ADmeasurem̄t de dower est vn briefe▪ & nest [Page] lou vn feme est endowe per vn infant, ou per vn gardein de pluis que deuoit auer, le heire en tiel case auera cest briefe, per quel le feme serra admeasure, & le heire restore a le surplusage. Mes si vn abate, cest adire, vn que nad droit entre apres le mort le barron, & endowe la feme de cestuy que est mort, de pluis que doit auer, le heire nauera cest briefe, mes assise de Mortdauncester vers la feme, & si el plede que el fuit endow de ceo terre come del franktenement sa baron, le heire monstra coment el fuit endowe per labatour, & quel el ad pluis, que deuoit auer, & prier̄ que il soit restore al surplusage, & si soit troue, il serra restore.

28 Admeasurement de pasture.

ADmeasurement de pasture, est vn briefe, & gist lou plusors tenaunts ont common appendant en auter terre, & vn surcharge [Page 14] le cōmon oue plusors auers: Dōques lauters cōmoners poient auer cest brief vers luy, & auxy poit estre port per vn commoner solemēt, mes donq̄es couient estre port vers touts lauters commoners, & vers cesty q̄ surcharge, pur ceo q̄ touts les cōmoners serront admeasures.

Et cest briefe ne gist vers luy, ne ꝓur luy que ad common appurtenant, ou common ingros, mes ceux que ont commō appendant, ou common ꝑ cause de vicinage.

Vide le diuersitie de touts ceux cōmons apres.

Auxy cest brief ne gist pur le seignior, ne vers le seignior, mes seignior poit distrain les auers le tenaunt que sont surplusage. Mes si le seignior surcharge le common, les commoners nont remedy per le commō ley, mes vn Assise de son common.

¶ Administrator.

ADministrator est celuy a que le ordinarie cō mit [...]administration des [Page] biens la mort pur defaut de executors, & action gist vers luy, & pur luy come pur executor, & serra charge resques al value des biens le mort & niēt ouster, sil ne soit per son faux plea, ou pur ceo que il ad wast les biens le mort. Mes si le administratour deuie, ses executors ne sont administrators, mes couient al Ordinarie de commit nouel administration: mes si vn estrange que nest administratour ne executor prist les biens le mort, & administer de son tort demesne, il serra charge & sue come executor, & nemy come administrator en ascū actiō que est port vers luy per ascun creditor. Mes si lordinarie fait vn brief ad Colligendum bona defuncti, cestuy que ad tiel letter nest administrator, mes laction gist vers le Ordinarie auxybien come sil prist les biens en son maine demesne, ou per le maine de ascun de ses seruants per ascun auter cōmandmēt.

[Page 15]

¶ Admiral.

ADmirall est vn officer south le Roigne, que ad aucthority sur le mere tantum, pur veier le nauie repaire & maintain pur suppresser & chaser dehors estimures de mere, & de faire droit de contractes perenter partie & partie, concernant chose fait sur & ouster le mere, & pur cest purpose il ad sō court appel le Admiraltie. Il poit causer son Citation destre serue sur le terr̄ & prēder le corps del party ou biens en execution sur le terre.

Itē il ad cognisance del mort ou maihem de vn home fait en ascun grand mefe fleetant en graund ryuers en le Realme, debase les pontes de eux prochein al mere.

Auxy pur arrest niefes en les graund streames pur les voiages del Roign & realm, & ad iurisdictiō en les dits streames durāt mesme viages.

¶ Ad quod dampnum.

AD quod dampnum est vn briefe que doit este [Page] sue deuant le Roy grant certaine liberties: Come faire, market, ou tiels semblables queux poient este p̄iudicial al autres. Et ꝑ ceo serra inquise si serroit preiudice a granter eux, & a que serra preiudicial, & que preiudice ent auiendra.

32 ¶ Aduowson.

ADuowson est lou vn home & ses heirs ont droit de presenter lour clerk al Ordinarie al vn parsonage, ou auter espiritual benefice quant il deuient void. Et celuy que ad tiel droit de presenter est appel patron.

33 ¶ Age prier.

AGe prier est quant action est port vers enfāt de terre que il ad per discent, la il monstra le matter al court, & priera que le action demurra tanque a son plein age de xxj. ans, & issint per agard del Court le suit surcessera.

Mes en brief de Dower & en Assise, & auxy en tiels actions lou le infant [Page 16] est suppose a veneral terre en demaund de son tort demesne, il nauera sa age.

Auxy nota que sont plusors diuersities de ages, car le Seignior auera aide de son tenaunt en Socage pur marrier sa file, quant le file le seignior est del age de sept ans. Et auxy aide pur faire son fites & heire chiualer, quant il est del age de sept ans.

Auxy feme que est espouse al age de ix. ans▪ si sa baron morust seisie auera Dower, & nemy deuant ix. ans.

Auxy xiiii. ans est le age de feme que ne serra en gard, si el fuit de tiel age al temps del mort son auncestor, mes si el fuit deins age de xiiii. ans, & en gard son seignior, donques el serra en gard tan (que) al age de xvi. ans. Et auxy xxi. ans est lage de heire male destre en gard, & apres ceo hors de gard. Et auxy il est le age de male & female de suer & destre sue des [Page] terres, q̄ ils ont ou claime per discēt & de faire touts manners contracts & bargaines & nient deuant: mes si tiel infaunt deins age de xxj. ans done ses biēs▪ & le donee eux prist, lenfant poet auer vn action de trespas, mes auterm̄ il est sil deliuer eux.

24 ¶ Agreement.

AGreement▪ est en cest manner define ou expounde en master Ploudens commentaries. Aggreamentum, est vn paroll compounde de deux parolx; cest assauoir, de Aggregatio & Mentium, cest a dire agreement de ments, issint que aggreamentum est aggregatio mentium in re aliqua facta vel facienda. Et per le contraction de les deux parolx, Aggregatio & mentium, & per le correpte & briefe perlance deux, ils sont fait vn parol, cestass. Aggreamentum, le quel nest auter chose, q̄ vn vniō, collecte copulation & coniunction de deu [...] ou plusours [Page 17] ments in ascun chose fait ou deste fait. (Veies apres en testament.) Et cest agreement est in 3. maners.

Le primer est vn agrement executed en fait al commencement.

Le second, est vn agrement puis vn act fait per auter, & est vn agreemēt executed auxy.

Le tierce est vn agreement executory ou deste fait ē tēpsvncore a vener.

Le primer que est vn agreemēt executed en fait al cōmencement, est tiel de q̄ mennon est fait en le statute de 25. Ed. 3. cap▪ 3. de panms in le quart statute que dit, que les biens & choses achates per forestallers, q̄ de ceo serront attaintes soient forfaites al Roigne, si le achator ēt vst fait gree al vēdour. En quel case, cest parol (Gree) q̄ est auterment appel agreement, serra entende agreement execute, viz. paiment pur les choses.

Le second maner de agreement est lou vn fait [Page] vn chose ou acte, & vn auter agree ou assent a ceo apres, come si vn fait disseis [...]n a mon vse, & apres [...]eo agree a ceo, ore ieo serra disseisor ab initio▪ & tiel agreement est vn agreemēt puys vn acte fait.

Le tierce agreement est quant ambideux parties a vn temps sont accords que tiel chose serra fait en tēps a vener, & ceo agrement est executorie entāt que le chose serra fait apres & vncore la lour ments accor [...] a vn temps. Mes entāt que le perf [...] māce serra apres, & issmt le chose sur que lagrem̄t fuit fait, remaine a faire, ceo agreement serra dit executorie. Et ceo le statute de 26. H. 8. cap. 3. proue, ou il dit, q̄ chescun vicar, parson & tiel &c. deuant lour actual possessiō ou medling oue les ꝓofits de lour benefice satisfiera, cōtent &c. ou agreera a paier al vse le Roign les primer fruits &c. [...] si asc tiel Parsō, vic &c. enter ē actual possession, [Page 18] &c. ceo agrement est deste entende executory, come le common vsage proue, car est vse, que [...]l oue vn ou deux oue luy fa [...]er̄ deux vel trois obligations pur ceo deste pay en certaine iours apres, & cest agrement executory est deuidem deux points. Vn est agreement executory, que est certaine al cōmencement, come est dit darraine deuant del primer fruits.

Lauter est lou le certainty napp [...]ert al primes & les parties sōt accords q̄ le chose serra performe, ou pay sur le certainty conus▪ come si vn vend al auter tout son wheat en tiel tasse en son barne nient thresh & il est agree perenter eux, que il payera pur chescun bushell xii. d. quant il est thresh, cleane, & measure.

¶ Ayde.

AYde, est quant tenant a terme de vie, tenant en dower, tenaunt per le curtesie, ou tenāt en taile, ap̄s possibility dissue extinct [Page] est implede, dōques pur ceo que ils nont que estate pur terme de vie, ils praieront aide de cestuy in le reuersiō, & proces serra fait ꝑ brief vers luy, de vener & pleder oue le tenant, en defence del terre si voyl, mes il couient, que ils accorde en plee: car sils varie, le plee le tenant, serra prise, & dōques leyde pryer est en vaine, mes si ne vient al second briefe, le tenant respondera sole.

Auxy tenant pur terme de ans, tenāt a volunt, tenant per Elegit, & tenāt ꝑ statute marchant aueront ayde de cestuy en la reuersion, & le seruant & bayly de lour maister, quant ils ount fait ascun chose loyalmēt, ē le droit lour master, auerōt ayde.

36 ¶ Ayde de Roy.

AYde de Roy, est en sē ble case come est dit deuant de cōmon person, & auxy en plusours auts cases, lou le roy puytauer perde, coment que le tenaunt soit tenaunt in fee [Page 19] simple, il auera ayde, Come si vn rent soit demande vers tenaunt le Roy, que tient en chiefe, il auera ayde, & issint nauera de auter person.

Auxy lou vn Citie ou Borough ad vn fee farme del Roy, & ascun chose est demaund vers eux que apperteme al fee farme, ils aueront ayde pur le perde le Roy.

Auxy home auera ayde de Roy en lieu de voucher. Auxy le Baylife, Collectour & Purueiour del Roy aueront ayde del Roy, auxy bien come les officers de auters persons.

¶ Ayle.

AYle, est vn briefe que gist lou terre descend de layell a son neuiew, viz. fits, ou file del fites de layell, le pier esteant mort, deuant entrie per luy, & vn abate, le heire auera vers le abator cel briefe.

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38. Alien.

ALien, est celuy q̄ pere & il mesme fuer̄ ambideux nee hors del legeance le Roigne, & si tiel alien, nesteant vn enemy del Roigne, mes vn alien amy vient & demurr̄ cy en Engleterre & ad issue, cest issue nē aliē mes Anglois. Issint si vn Anglois ala ouster le mere oue le licēce del roign̄ & la ad issu, cē issu nē alien.

39 Alienation.

ALienation, idem est, quod alienum facere de alter̄, ou mitter le possession de terre ou auter chose de lun home al auter.

40 Ambidexter.

AMbidexter, est celuy que quant vn matter est in suit parenter homs, prist money de lun part, & del auter, ou pur labor le suit, ou tiels semblables, ou sil soit del iury, pur dire son verdict.

41 Amendement.

AMendement, est quant error est en le Proces, [Page 20] les Iustices poient ceo amender apres iudgemēt. Mes si error sort en iugement done, ils ne poyent amender ceo, mes le partie est mise al briefe de errour. Et in plusours cases lou le default appiert en le clerk q̄ escriera la Record il serra amende: Mes tiels choses que vient per informatiō del partie come le ville, misterie, & huiusmodi ne serra amēd, car il doit informer veray a son perill.

Amercement.

AMercement, plus properment est vn penaltie assesse per les piers del partie amercie, pur vn offence fait, come pur default de suit de court, ou pur non amend' de ascun chose que il fuit appoint de redresser deuant, ou pur tiel semblable cause, en quel case la partie que offend soit mist en le mercie del roy ou Seigniour, & sur ceo cel penaltie est appel Amercement.

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43 Amercement royal.

AMercement royal, est quant vn Vicont, Coron̄ ou aut tiel officer del Roigne est amercie ꝑ les Iustices pur son misdemeaning en le office, q̄re si neserra dit fine.

44 An, iour & wast.

AN, iour & wast, est vn forfaiture, quāt vn hōc ad fait petit treason ou felony, & ad terres queux il tient de ascun commō person, q̄ux serra scisi pur le Roigne & remain en sa maines ꝑ la space de vn an & vn iour procheine apres le attainder, & dō ques les aibres serrōt defosse, les measons serront rases, & les pastures, & prees aires & plowed, sinon que il, a que le terre deuenera per leschete ou forfaiture, ne ceo redeem̄ de Roy, vn chose le plus de greeuer le offendors & terrifie auters de cader en autiel, en demonstraunce, coment le ley detest lour offence, cye auaunt issint que il execute iudgement & [Page 21] punishment sur lour mute & mort choses.

Annuitie.

ANnuitie, est vn certein sūme de money grant al vn auter, en fee simple, fee taile, pur terme de vie ou pur terme de ans, a receiuer del grantor ou ses heires, issint q̄ nul franktenement est charge de ceo, de que home nauera vnques, assise ne aut action forsque briefe de annuitie, & nest ascun assets al heire le grantee a que il discendera.

Appeale.

APpeale, est lou vn ad fait murder, robberie ou mayhem, donques la feme cestuy que est tue, auera vn action de appeale vers le murderer, mes sil nad femme donques son procheine heire male auera le appeale a ascun temps deins lan & iour apres le feast, Et auxi cestuy que est issint robbe ou mayhem auera son appeale, & si le defendant soit acquit, il [Page] recouera damages vers lappellour & labbettors, & ils auerōt le imprisonment dun an & ferra fine al Roy. Appeale de mayhem nest en manner forsque action de trespas, ear il ne recouera forsque damages.

47 ¶ Appellant.

Appellant est le plaintif en le appeale.

48 ¶ Appellour.

APpellourou Approuer, est cesty q̄ ad fait asc felonie le quel il confesse & a ore appeale, ou approue, cest adire, accuse autres que fueront coadiutors ou aiders oue luy en feasans de ceo, ou autres felonies, le quel chose il voit approuer & ceo est appelle ē latin Probator.

49 ¶ Appendant & appurtenant.

APpendant & appurtenant sont choses q̄ per temps de prescription ont belong, appertain, & sont ioyne al auter principal chose, ouesque que [Page 22] ils passont & va come accessarie al mesme principal chose, per vertue de ceux parolx Pertinentijs: come terre, aduowsons, cōmōs, piscaries, chimins courtes, & diuers tielx sēbl', al vn manor, measō, office, ou tiels auters.

Apporcionment.

APporcionment est vn deuiding en parts de vn rēt (le quel est diuidable & ment intier ou whole) & entāt q̄ le chose hors de quel il fuit deste pay, ē seperate & deuide, le rēt auxy serra deuide, ayant respect a les partes. Sicome vn home ad vn rent seruice issuant hors de terre & il purchase parcel de le terre, le rent serra apportion, accordāt al value del terre.

Issint si home tient son terre dun auter per homage, fealtie, escuage, & certain rent, si le seignior de que le terre est tenus purchase parcel del terre le rent serra apportion.

Item si home lessa terres pur ans reseruant rēt, & apres vn estrange recouer [Page] part de le terre, donques le rent serra apportiō, cest adire deuide, & le lessee payera ayant respect a ceo que est recouer, & a ceo que ore remaine en ses maines accordant al value.

Mes vn rent charge ne poit estre apportion, ne choses q̄ sont entier: Sicome vn tient terres per seruice de paier a son Seignior annuelm̄t a tiel feast, vn chiual, esperuer, vn rose, vn chery, ou tiels semblables, la si le Seignior purchase parcel de la terre, cest seruice est tout ale, pur ceo q̄ vn chiual, esperuer, rose, ou vn chery, & tielx auters ne poient estre deuide, seuered, ou apportiō sans damage al entiertie.

51 Appropriation.

APpropriations fueront quāt ceux measons de le Romish Religion, & ceux Religious persons, come Abbots, Priors, & tiels semblables, ont le aduowson de ascū parsonage al eux & a lour successors, & obtain licence [Page 23] de lour S. Pere le Pape, & de le Ordinarie & Roy, q̄ ils mesmes & lour successors de ceo en auant doyent este parsons la, & il serra en auāt vn vicar', & que le Vicar seruera le cure. Et issint al cōmencem̄t Appropriations fueront faites solement a ceux persons spirituals, que puissciēt minister les sacraments, & dire deuine seruice, come Abbes, Priors, Deanes, & tiels semblables. Apres per petite & petite ils fueront enlarge & fait as auters, come nosmement al Deane & Chapter, quel est corps corporat, consistant de plusors, q̄l corps ensemble ne puissoit dire deuine seruice: & q̄ pluis fuit, al Nuns que fueront Prioresses de ascun Nūry quel fuit chose horrible, entant q̄ ils ne puissoient minister sacraments ne preacher, ne dire deuine seruice al parochians.

Et tout ceo fuit sur pretence de hospitalitie & maintenance de yeel. Et de supplier cel defectes [Page] vn vicar fuit deuise, quel serroit deputie al Priores ou Deane & Chapter, & auxy al darrein al dits abbeis & auters a dire deuine seruice, & il aueroit pur son labor fors (que) petite portion, & ils a quel le appropriatiōs fueront fait reteigneront le grād reuenues, & ils fesoient riens pur ceo, per meanes de quel hospitality decay en le lieu ou il doit estre chiefement garde, nosmement en le parish ou le benefice fuit, & ou les profits cresscient, & issint il continue tanque a cest iour, al graund hindrance de erudition, al impouerishment de le ministerie, & le infamie de le Gospell & le professors de yeel.

Le Vicar auera vn certaine portion del benefice, & que le Abbe & le Couent serront parsons & auerōt les auters profits: Cest appel vn appropriation, & donques le Abbe & le Couēt serrōt parsons imparsonees. Mes tiel appropriation [Page 24] ne poit estre fait a commencer en le vie le parson sans son assent.

Mes si tiel aduowson del parsonage soit recouer ꝑ auncient title, donq̄s lappropriation est adnul. Et est appel appropriation, pur ceo que ils teigne les profits al lour proꝑ vse.

Approuement.

APprouement est lou vn home ad common en le wast terre del Seignior & le seignior enclose part del wast terre pur luy mesme, relinquishant nient obstant sufficient common oue egresse & regresse pur les commoners: Cest enclosure est appel approuement.

Arbitrement.

ARbitrement est vn award, determination, ou iudgement, quel plusors font al request de deux parties al meins, pur, &, sur ascun det, trespas, ou aut controuersie ew perenter les dits parties. Et cest appel en Latin Arbitratus & Arbitrium, [Page] & ils que font le awarde ou arbitrement sōt appel Arbitri, en Anglois Arbitrators.

54 Arrest.

ARrest est quant vn est prise & restrain a son libertie. Nul serra arrest pur det, trespas, detinue, ou auter cause de action, mes per virtue dun precept ou commandement hors de ascū court. Mes pur Treason, Felonie, ou debruser del peace, chescun home ad aucthoritie de arrester sans garrantie ou precept. Et lou vn serra arrest pur felonie, il couient que ascun felonie soit fait, & que il soit suspect de mesme le felonie, ou auterment il poit auer enuers luy que issint luy arrest vn briefe de faux imprisonment. Et quant ascun home est arrest pur felony il serra amesne a le gaile, la a demurrer tanque al procheine sessiō pur este indite, ou pur este deliuer per proclamation.

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Arrerages.

ARrerages sont duties arrere nient pay apres le iours & temps, en quel ils fueront dues, & doyent auer estre paies, soyēt il rent de mannor, ou ascun auter chose reserue

Assets.

ASsets est en deux sorts lun appel (assets per discent) lauter (Assets enter maines.) Assets per discent est lou vn home est oblige en vn obligation & morust seisy de tres de fee simple, queux discēde a son heire, donques cest terre serra appel assets, cest adire sufficient de payer cest det & per cest meanes le heire serra charge cy auant que le terre issint a luy discende voyle stretch. Mes sil ad alien deuaunt que le obligation soit mise en suite, il est discharge.

Auxi quant vn home seisie de terre en tayle, ou en droit de son feme, alien ceo oue garrantie, & ad en value tant terre en [Page] fee simple que discende a son heire: q̄ est auxi heire en taile ou heire al feme, Ore si le heire apres le mort sō ancestor port vn briefe de Formedon ou sur cui in vita, pur le tre issint alien, donq̄s il serra barre per reason dun garrāty & le terre issint discend, que est tant en value come ceo q̄ fuit vende, & issint per ceo il nad receiue ascun preiudice, & per ceo cest terre est appel Assets per discent.

Assets enter maines est quant vn home endet, come deuant est dit, fait executors & relinquist a eux suffic' de paier, ou ascun cōmodity ou profit est venus al eux en droit lour testatour, cest appel Assets en lour maines.

57 Assignee.

ASsignee est celuy a que vn chose est appoint, ou assign̄ deste occupy, pay ou fait, & est toutes foites tiel person, que occupy ou ad le chose issint assigne en son droit demesne & pur luy mesme, [Page 26] Et de assignees il y sont ij. sortes nosmēt assignee en fait & assignee en ley. Assignee en fait est quant vn leas est graūt al vn & a ses assignees ou sans ceux ꝑols, assignees, & le grā tee done, grant ou vende le dit leas al auter, il est son assignee en fait. Assignee en le ley est chescun executor nosme ꝑ le testatour en son testamēt: si come vn leas soit fait al vn home & a ses assignees (sicome est auāt dit) & il fait ses executors & morust sans assignm̄t del leas al ascun aut, Ore les executors aūa m̄ le leas pur ceo q̄ ils sont ses assignees en ley. Et issint est en auters semblables cases.

Assise.

ASsise est vn briefe & gist ou ascun home est mis hors de son terre ou tenementes ou de ascun profit aprēdre en certain lieu & issint disseisi de sō franktenement. Franktenement a ascun hom [...] est lou il est seisie de terres ou tenements ou profit a prender in fee simple, [Page] fee taile, pur terme de son vie demesne, ou pur terme dauter vie. Mes tenaunt per Elegit, tenaunt per statute marchant & statute staple poient auer assise, comēt que ils nont frank tenement, & cest est ordayne per diuers statutes.

Auxi en assise il couient touts fo [...]es que il soit vn disseisor & tenant ou auterment le brief abatera.

Auxi ou vn home est disseisi & recouera per assise de nouel disseisin, & puis est auterfoits disseisi per mesme le disseisor, il auera vers luy vn briefe de redisseisin directe al vicount de fayre inquisitiō, & si troue soit le redisseisin, il serra mis en prison. Auxi si home recoūa ꝑ Assise de Mortdauncester ou per auter Iurie, ou per default ou redditiō, & sil soit auterfoits disseisie, il auera dō ques vn brief de Post disseisin, & cestuy q̄ est pris & imprisō pur redisseisin, ne serra deliuer sās especial [Page 27] commaundement le Roy. Vide les estatutes inde Merton ca 3. Marlbridge, Cap. 8. Et Westminster 2. Cap. 26. Auxy il est vn auter Assise appell Assise de Fresh force & gist lou home est disseisie de tenements queux son deuisables, come en le Citie de London ou auter Boroughs ou villes que sont enfraunchises, donques le defendant viendra en la Court de dit Ville & entra son plaint, & aūa vn briefe direct al Maire ou Baylifes &c. & sur ceo passera vn Iurie en manner dassise de Nouell disseisin, Mes il couient que il entra son pl [...]int deins xl. iours, vt dicit ou auterm̄t il serra misse a le commo ley, Et si le ministres delay execution, donques le plaintife auera vn auter briefe dauer execution [...] ▪ Et Sicut alias, & Pluries &c. Vide Lattlet Ca. Rents, Assise ē nosme equiuocum &c.

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59 Assise de darraine presentment.

ASsise de darrain presētm̄t, vide de ceo ap̄s titulo Quare impedit.

60 Assise de Mortdancester.

ASsise de Mortdācester, vide de ceo apres titulo Cosinage.

61 Attainder.

ATtainder, est vn conviction dascun person dun crime ou fault, dont il ne fuit conuicte deuāt, si come vn home fait felony, treason, ou tiels sē blables, & de ceo est endicte, arraign̄, & troue guiltie & adiudge, donques il est dit deste attaint, & ceo poiet este deux voies, lun sur apparāce▪ le aut sur default: le attainder sur apparance, est per cōfession, battaile ou verdict, le attainder sur default est per ꝓcesse tanque il soit vtlage.

62 ¶ Attaint.

ATtaint est vn briefe & gist lou faux verdicte est done per xij. homes & [Page 28] iudgement done sur ceo, donque le partie vers que ils auoyent passe auera cest briefe vers les douze homes, & quant ils sont a issue, il serra trie per vynt quater Iurours, & si faux verdict soit troue, les douze Iurours sount attaint, & donques le iudgment serra que lour prees serront aires, lour measons debruses, lour boyes subuertes, & touts lour terres & tenements forfaites al Roy, mes sil passa enconter celuy que port lattaint, il serra imprison & grieuousment ransome al volūt le Roy, Vide le Statute 23. H. 8. cap. 3. Attaint auxy est quant iudgment est done en treason on felony.

Attournement.

ATtournement, est quāt vn est tenaunt pur tme de vie, & cestuy en la reuersion ou remainder granta son droit ou estate a vn auter, donques il couient q̄ le tenāt pur tme de vie agree a ceo, & cē agreem̄t est appel atturnment, [Page] ear si cestuy en le reuersiō grant son estate, & son droit a vn auter, si le tenāt pur terme de vie ne attourna, riens passe per le grant.

Mes sil soit graunt per fine en Court de record, il serra compel de attourner, Et vide de ceo apres titulo Quid iuris clamat, vide pluis de ceo en Litt lib 3. cap. 10.

64 ¶ Audita quaerela.

AVdita quaerela, est vn briefe & gist lou vn est oblige en vn estatute marchant, estatute Staple ou Recognisance, ou lou iudgement est done vers luy pur det, & son corps in executiō sur ceo, donques sil ad vn releas ou auter sufficient matter deste discharg del execution, mes nad iour de ceo pleder, donques il auera cest briefe vers cestuy que ad recouer, ou vers ses executours.

65 ¶ Auerment.

AVerm̄t est lou vn home plede vn plee en abatement [Page 29] de briefe ou barre dactiō, quel il dist, il est prist de prouer come le Court voit agard, cest offer de prouer son plee est appel vn Auerm̄t.

¶ Auerpeny.

AVerpeny, hoc est quiet esse de diuersis denarijs pro aueragiis domini Regis.

Auncien demesne.

AVncien demesne sont cert tenures tenus de ceux Manours queux fuerōt en maynes de S. Ed. le confessor, & les queux il fist escrier en vn liuer appelle Domes day, Sub titulo R. & toutes les terres tenus del dit Manors sont auncien demesne, & les tenants ne serrōt implede hors del dit Man̄s, & sils sontils poiēt monstre le matter & abater le brief, mes sils respōder al brief & plede & iudgm̄t done, donq̄s les terres sōt deuenus frank fee a touts iours. Auxi touts tenants en auncien demesne sont franke de tolle, pur touts [Page] choses concernant lour viand' & husbandry en auncien demesne, & pur tiels terres ils ne serront mis ne impanel sur ascun enquest. Mes touts les terres en ancient demesn̄ queux sont in maines le roy sont frank fee & pledable al common ley. Veies plus apres en le title Sokmans.

68 Auowrie.

AVowrie est lou vn prist distresse pur rent ou auter chose, & lauter sua repleuin donques celuy q̄ auoit prise iustifiera en son plee, pur quel cause il prist ceo, & si il prist ceo en son droit demesne il ceo doit monstre, & issint auowa le prisel, & ceo est appel son auowry: Mes sil ceo prist en ou pur le dr̄t de vn auter, don (que) quant il auoit monstre le cause, il ferra conusāce del prisel, come bailie ou seruāt a celuy en que droit il prist ceo.

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B.

Baile.

BAile, est quant vn hōe est prise ou arrest pur felonie, suspition de felonie, indict de felonie, ou ascun tiel case, issint que il est restraine de son libertie. Et esteant per la ley bailable, offereth suertie al eux que ont aucthoritie de luy bailer, q̄ux suerties sont oblige pur luy al vse le Roigne en vn certain summe dargent, ou corps pur corps, q̄ il appearera deuant les Iustices gaole deliuery al prochein sessions &c. Dō ques sur le bonds de ceux suerties, cōe est auantdit, il est baile, cest adire, mis al libertie tan (que) le iour appoint pur sō apparāce.

Bailement.

BAilement, est vn deliuerie de choses, soyent ils de escripts, biens ou stuffe al auter, ascun foits destre redeliuer arrere al bailor, cest adire [Page] al celuy que issint deliuer ceo, ascun foits al vse del bailee, cest adire de luy a que il est deliuer, & ascun foits auxy il est deliuer a vn tierce person, cest deliuerie est appell vn bailement.

71 Bailife.

BAilife est vn officer que appertient a vn manor, pur order le husbandrie, & ad aucthoritie de paier quite rents issuing hors del manor, succider arbres, repaire les measons, faire pales, haies, distraine aūs dam̄ fesāt sur le terr, & diūs tiels semblables.

Cest officer est celuy q̄ les auncient Saxons ont appel vn Reue, car le nosme Bailife ne fuit don (que) conus enter eux, mes viēt eins oue les Normans, & est appel en Latin Villicus.

72 Backberinde theefe.

BAckberind theefe ē vn laron q̄ est prise oue le maner, cest adire, aiāt ceo troue sur lui esteāt pursue [Page 31] oue le hue & crie) le quel il ad emblee, soit il money, lynnen, wollen, ou auter stuffe: mes il est pl properment dit, quant il est prise portāt tiels choses que il ad emblee en vn bundel ou fardel sur son dorse.

Bargaine & sale.

BArgain & sale est quāt vn recompence est don per ambideux les parties al bargaine: come si vn bargain & vend son terre al auter pur argent, icy le terre est vn recompence a luy pur le argent, & largent est vn recompence al auter pur le terre, & cē est vn bone contract & bargaine, & fee simple passa nient obstant il ne dit a auer & tener le tre a luy & a ses h [...]s. Et ꝑ tiel bargaine & sale terres poient passe sans liuerie de seisin, si le bargaine & sale soit per fait endent, seale & enrolle, ou en le countie ou le terre gist, ou en vn des Courts del Roigne de recorde, al Westm̄ deins sixe mois [Page] prochein apres le date de mesme le escript endent, accordant al statute en cē case fait en le 27. an de H. 8. cap. 16.

74 Barre.

BArre, est quant le defē dant en ascun action plede vn plee que est vn sufficient respons, & ceo adnul le action del plaintife a touts iours.

75 Base fee.

TEner en Fee base, est a tener a volunt le Seignior.

76 Bastarde.

BAstard, est celuy que est nee de ascun feme nient espouse, issint que son pere nest conus per le order del ley, & pur ceo il est dit filius populi.

Mes per la ley del Romish esglise, si vn engender vn enfant sur ascun feme, quel enfant est nee hors del espousels, & puis il espouse m̄ la femme, donques tiel enfant serra dit Mulier, & nemy bastarde.

[Page 32]Mes per la ley Dengleterre il est bastarde, & pur cest cause quant tiel especiall bastardie est alleage, il serra trie p [...]r le pais, & nemy per Leuesque▪ Mes generalment bastardie alleage serra trie per le certificat del Euesque.

Et si vn feme soit grosse de enfant per son baron que morust, & el prist auter baron, & apres le enfant est nee, cest enfant serra dit lenfant le primer baron. Mes si el fuit priuement enseint al temps del mort sa primer baron, donques il serra dit lenfant del second baron. Sed quaere & veies le opiniō de Thorp 21. E. 3. 39.

Auxi si vn home prent feme que soit grossemēt enseint per ascū aut q̄ ne fuit son baron, & apres lenfant est nee deins les espousels, donques il serr dit lenfant le baron mesque il fuit nee fors [...] vn iour apres les espousels solempnise.

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77 Battaile.

BAttaile est vn auncient trial en nostre ley, que le defendant en vn appeal de murder, robbery, ou felonie poit eslier, cestascauoir, a combater oue lappellāt, pur proofe sil soit culpable del felonie ou non: quel combate sil succeede sibien del part le defendant que il vanquish lappellant, il alera quite, & luy barrera de son appeal a touts iours. Mes si vn soit indict de felonie, & vn appeal est port sur mesme le indictmēt, la le defendant ne gagera le battail: battaile auxi poit estre en vn briefe de droit.

78 Bigamy.

BIgamy, fuit vn counterple (deuise al councel de Lions sur missike de second mariage) deste obiect quant le benefite de clergie, cestassauoir, son liuer, come nosment a dire, que il que demaund le priuiledge del Clergie, fuit marrie a tiel femme en tiel lieu, [Page 33] deins tiel dioces & que el est mort, & que il ad apres marrie vn aut feme deins mesme le diocesse ou deins ascun auter diocesse, & issint Bigamus. Ou sil nad este forsque vn temps marrie, donques adire que el que il espouse est, ou fuit vn viefe, cest adire, le relicte dun tiel &c. Le quel chose serra trie per Leuesque de le Diocesse ou le espousals sont alleage. Et esteant issint certifie per Leuesque le prisoner perdera le benefite del clergie: Mes al cest iour per force de le acte fait en Anno 1. E. 6. cap. 12. cest nul plea, mes que il poet auer son clergie ceo niēt obstant.

Issint est Brooke titulo Clergie placito 20. al mesme purpose. Et sur ceo si vous estes desirous, de veyer q̄ux reasons ils ont que perswade enuers second espousals, lege ent diuers auters Frances Petrarche de remedus vtriusque fortunae le primer liuer & lxxvi. Dialogue, [Page] intituled de secūdis nuptiis, quel liuer ore tarde Master Thomas Twine ad bien & oue bon grace (come ils q̄ poyent iudger diount) translate hors de Latin en Englois, & mult aptment appell ceo Phisicke encounter fortune.

79 Bloodwit.

BLoodwit, hoc est quietum esse de amerciamentis de sanguine fuso, & que teneantur placita in curia vestra, habebiti [...] amerciamenta inde prouenientia quia (wit) en Anglois est misericordiaen Latin.

80 Boote.

BOote, est vn viel parol, & il signifie helpe, succour, ayde, ou aduantage & est communmēt ioynt oue vn auter parol, que signification il augment come ceux bridgeboote, burghboote, fireboote, hedgeboote, plowboote, & diuers tiels semblables, pur queux significations, [...]eyes en lour proper titles.

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Broodhalpeny.

BRoodhalpeny, en ascū copies, broodhalbeny, hoc est, quietum esse de quadā consuetudine exacta pro tabulis leuatis.

Burgage.

TEner en Burgage est a tener sicōe les burgeis teignēt de Roy, ou de aut seigniour terres ou ten̄ts rendant a luy vn certaine rēt ꝑ an, ou auterment la ou vn auter home q̄ Burgeis tient dascun Seigniour terres ou tenements en Burgage rendant a luy vn certaine rent per an.

Brugbote.

BRugbote (& en ascuns copies bridgbote (hoc est quietum esse de auxilio dando ad reficiendum pontes.

84 Burghbote.

BVrghbote, hoc est quietum esse de auxilio dando ad faciendum Burgum, castrum, ciuitatem vel muros prostrata.

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85 Burghbrech.

BVrghbrech, hoc est quietū esse de trāsgressionibus factis in ciuitate vel Burgo contra pacem.

86 Burgh English.

BVrgh English, ou Borough English, est vn custome en vn auncient borough, ou si vn hōe ad issue diuers fits & morust vncore le puisne fits solement inheritera, & auera touts les terrer & ten̄ts, q̄ fueront a son pe re de q̄ il morust seisie deins m̄ le burgh per discent, come heire a son pere, ꝑ force del custome de mesme le burgh.

87 Burglarie.

BVrglarie, est quant vn debruse & enter en le meason dun auter en le nuit, oue felonious intēt, de robber ou occider ou de faire auter felony en queux cases nient obstāt il ne emport riens, vncore il est felony ꝑ que il serra pendue. Auterment est fil soit en le iour ou que il [Page 35] debruse le meason en le nuit, & ne entre pas en ceo a cest temps.

Mes si vn seruant voile conspire oue auters de robber son Master, & a cel entēt il ouer lesdores, & fenestres de son Master en le nuit pur eux, & ils vient en le meson per cest voy, cest Burglarie en les estrangers, & le seruant est vn laron, mes nemy Burglar. Et ceo fuit lopinion de le right worshipful Sir R. Manwood Chiualer, plus digne Seignior chief Baron de le Exchequer a la quarter Sessions tenus en Canterbury in Ianuary 1579. 21. Eliz.

Capias.

CApias, vide de ceo ap̄s en la title Proces.

Caruage.

CAruage, hoc est, quietū esse si dn̄s Rex talliauent totā terrā suam per Caruas. Nota q̄ vn carue de tre est vn plow land.

Certificatio in assise.

CErtificatio Assise nouae disseisine, est vn [Page] briefe & gist lou le baylife le ten̄t in Assise plede nul tort &c. & parde per lassise, donques si le tenāt ad vn release ou auter escript a pleder, il auera cest briefe, & les primers iurors serrōt garnes dapperer deuant les Iustices & parties auxi, donques si puit este troue que le release ou lescripts son [...] voyer & bones, cestuy qui recoueroit in lassise, rendra dāmages en double & perdra la terre.

91 Cerciorari.

CErciorari, est vn briefe & gist lou vn est implede en vn base Court, que est de recorde, & il suppose que il ne poit aū equal Iustice la, donques sur vn bill en la Chancerie comprisant ascū matter en conscience, il auera cest briefe pur remouer tout le Record en la Chauncery, & la deste determin per conscience, mes sil ne proua son bill, donques lauter party auera vn br̄ de Procedēdo a remaūd' le record en la [Page 36] base Court, & la deste detmine. Auxi il gist en plusors auts cases pur remoū Records pur le roy cōe inditem̄ts & auters.

Cession.

CEssion est quant vn ecclesiastical ꝑson ē cree Eues (que), ou quant vn person dun parsonage prist vn aut benefice sans dispensatiō ou auterm̄t mēt qualified &c. En ambideux cases lour prim̄ benefices sont deuenus void & sont appel destre voide per cession, & al ceux q̄ il ad que fuit cree eues (que), Le Roigne presētera pro illa vice, quicunque soit patron de eux. Et en laut case le patron poit p̄sent.

Cessauit.

CEssauit, est vn brief & gist lou mō verie tenāt q̄ tient de moy certeine tre ou tenem̄ts rendaunt certeine rēt ꝑ an, & le rēt est arrere nient paye per deux ans, & nul sufficient distresse poit este troue sur le terre, donq̄s ieo auera cest brief ꝑ q̄ ieo recouera le terre, mes si le [Page] tenant vient in Court deuant iudgement, & rend▪ le arrerages, & les damages, & troue suerty que il ne cessera plus de paim̄t de dit rent, ieo serra cō pel de prēder les arrerag. & les damages, & don (que) le tenant ne perdera la terre. Auxy heire ne poyt maintaine cel briefe pur cesser fait en tēps son aū cestor, Auxi cest briefe ne gist, mes pur annuall seruice come rent & huiusmodi & nient pas pur homage & fealtie.

Auxi il y ad auter brief appel Cessauit de cantaria, & gist ou vn done terres a vn meason de religion a trouer pur la [...]me de luy & de ses auncestors, & de ses heires annuelment vn chandel ou Lamp in Esglise, ou pur faire ascū diuine seruice, ou de paster les pouers, ou auter almes, ou auter chose faire, donques si les dits charges ne sont pas fait per ij. ans, don (que) le donor ou ses heires auera cest briefe vers quecunque est eins apres ti [...]l [Page 37] cesser. Vide lestatut W. 2. cap. 41.

Challenge.

CHallenge, est lou Iurors appe [...]ōt pur trier vn issue, donques si ascun des parties supposont que ils ne sont pas indifferēt, la ils poient eux challēge & refuse.

Ils ad ēe diuers challē ges: vn est challēge al array: lauter est al polles.

Challenge al array est quant la panel est fauorablement fait per le vicount ou auter officer.

Challēge ꝑ les polls sōt ascuns principal, & ascun ꝑ cause, cōe il appel ceo.

Principall est quant vn des Iurors est le fits, frere ou cosin al plaintife ou defendant, ou tenant a luy, ou q̄ il auoit espouse la file le plaintife, & pur c [...]ux causes il serra retrait.

Auxi in plee de le mort de hōe & en chesc▪ action real, & en actions personal, si le det ou damages amount a xl. marks il est bon challēge q̄ il ne poit [Page] dispender xl. shillings per an de franketenement.

Challenge per cause est ou le party alleage vn matter que nest principal challenge, come que fits dun des Iurors espouse la file le plaintife, & donques conclude & pur ceo il est fauorable, quel serra trie per auters del enquest, si il soit fauorable ou indifferent, & si ils▪ diont que il est fauorable, & nemy indifferent, donques il serra treit auterment il serra iure.

Auxy vn felon que est arraigne poyt challenge xx. Iurours peremptory sans ascun cause, & ceo est in fauorē vitae, & tant que il voile oue cause, mes donques il serra trie si pur tiel cause il soit indifferent ou nemy.

95 Champertie.

CHampertie est vn brief & gist lou deux hōes sont impleadants, & lun done la moitie ou parte del chose in plee a vn estraunge pur luy mainteiner [Page 38] encounter lauter, donques le partie greue auera cest briefe deuers lestrange: Vide lestatute Articuli super Chartas Cap. 11.

Champertors.

CHampertors sont ceux q̄ moua plees & fuits, ou cause deste moue, per lour ou auters procurement, & sue a lour costages & charge demesne, pur auer parte del terre, ou gaines en variance.

Charge.

CHarge est lou vn hōe graunta vn rent issuant hors de son terre, & que si le rent soit arrere, que serra list a luy, ses heires & assignes a distrayner tāque le rent soit pay, cest appel vn rent charge. Mes si vn graunt vn rent charge hors del terre dun auter, & puis purchase la terre, le grant est void.

Charters.

CHarters de terres sont escripts, faits, euidences, & instruments, fait de vn home a lauter, sur [Page] ascun estate conueied ou passed perenter [...]eux de tres ou tenem̄ts, mōstrāt lēs nosmes, lieu, & quantitie del terre, le estate, tēps & maner del feasans de yeel, les parties a le estate deliuer & prise, les tesmoignes p̄sent al ceo, oue auters circumstāces.

99 Chattels.

CHattels sont en deux sorts, cest adire, chattels reals & chattels personels, chattels reals sont leases pur ans, gards, & a tener a volunt.

Chattels personels sont touts moueable biēs, come argēt, plate, biens del meason, chiuals, vacches, blees & tiels semblables.

100 Childwit.

CHildwit hoc est, quod capiatis gersummā de natiua vestra corrupta & pregnata sine licētia vestra.

101 Chimin.

CHimin est le hault voy lou chescū home passa q̄ est appel via Regia, & vncore le Roy nad [Page 39] auter chose la forsque le passage pur luy & son people, car le franktenement est en le Seignior del soile, & touts les profits cressants la come arbres & auters choses.

Chose en action.

CHose en actiō est quāt vn home ad cause, ou poit porter vn action pur asc' duitie due a luy, cōe vn action de det sur vn obligation, annuity, rent, couenāt, gard, biens, trespas, ou tiels semblables, & pur ceo que ils sont choses de queux vn home nest possesse, mes pur recouerie de eux est mis a son action, ils sont appel choses en action. Et ceux choses en action que sont certaine le Roigne poit granter, & le grātee poit vser vn action pur eux en son nosme demesne solement. Mes vn common person ne poit graunter son chose en action, ne le Roigne luy mesme ne poit grāter sa chose ē actiō quel est vncertain, cōe trespas & tiels sēblables.

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103 Cinque ports.

CInque portes, sont certain hauen villes, sink en n̄umber, as queux ad este graunt long temps passe mult liberties (que auts port villes nont) & ceo primerm̄t en le tēps del▪ Roy Edward appel le Confessor (q̄ fuit deuant le conquest) & fueront encrease apres, & ceo especialment en les iours del trois Edwards, le primer, second & le tierce, (ap̄s le conq̄st) cōe apiert en le lieur de Domesday, & auts vieux Monum̄ts, queux en cest lieur serront trope long de citer.

104 Circuity de actiō.

CIrcuity de action, est quāt vn actiō est droiturelm̄t port pur vn duitie mes vncore circum le bush cōe semble, pur ceo q̄ ceo poit sibiē estre autermēt respondue & determin & le suit saue, & pur ceo q̄ mesme le actiō fuit pluis q̄ besoigne, il est appel circuit de actiō. Come si vn home grant vn rent charge de x. li. [Page 40] hors de son mannor de Dale, & apres le grantee disseisist le grauntor de mesme le manor de Dale, & il port vn Assise & recouer le terre & xx. li damages lequel xx. li. esteant paie, le grauntee del rent sue son action pur x. li. de son rent due durant le temps de le disseisin, le quel si nul disseisin ad este il doit auer ew, Cest appel circuitie de action, pur ceo que il poit auer estr pluis briefment respondue, car lou le graū tor doit receiue xx. li. damages, & paie x. li. rent, il puit auer receiue forsque le x. li. solement pur les damages, & le grauntee puit auer recoupe & retain arrere le auter x. li. en ses mains per voy de detainer pur son rent, & issint per yeel poiet auer saue son action.

Claime.

CLaime est vn challēge per ascun home de le propertie ou ownership de vn chose que il nad en possession, mes ceo q̄ est [Page] detaine a luy torciousement.

106 Clergie.

CLergie est vn auncient libertie confirme en diuers parliaments, Et est quāt vn home est arraign de felonie ou tiels semblables deuant vn temporal Iudge &c. & le prisoner pria son clergie, cest adire, pur auer son Lieur, quel en auncient temps fuit autant sicome il vst prie deste dismisse del temporall Iudge, & deste liuer al Ordinarie de purger luy mesme de mesme offence. Et donques le Iudge commander lordinarie de trier sil puit lyer come vn Clerke en tiel liuer & lieu come le Iudge assignera, & si lordinary certifie le Iudg, que il puit, donques le prisoner nauera iudgement de perder son vie. Vide Stamford. lib. 2. cap 41. & quere le statute 18. Eliz. cap. 7.

107 Clerke Attaint.

CLerke Attaint, est cestuy que pria son clergie [Page 41] apres iudgement sur luy done de felonie, & ad son Clergie allow, tiel clerke ne poit faire son purgation.

Clerke conuict.

CLerke conuict, est cestuy que pria son clergie deuant iudgement done sur luy de le felonie, & ad le clergie a luy graunt, tiel clerke puit faire son purgation. Nota que cel purgation fit, quant il fuit dismisse al ordinary, la destre trie del enquest del clerkes, & pur ceo ore per statute 18 Eliz. ca. 7. nul tiel est misso al ordinarie.

109 Colour.

COlour, est vn fained matter, le quel le defendant ou tenant v [...]e en son bar, quant vn action de trespas ou vn assise est port enuers luv, en le ql il done demaundant, ou plaintife vn shew prima f [...]ie, que il ad bone cause de action, lou en verite il nest iust cause, mes tātsolement vn colour ou [Page] visour dun cause: Et il est vse al entēt que le determination del action doet este per les iudges, & nemy par vn ignorant Iury, de xij. homes. Et pur ceo vn colour doet este vn matter en ley, ou difficult al lay gents: come pur example A. port vn assise de terre enus B. & B. dit que il m̄ lessa m̄ le terre al vn C. pur tme de vie & apres graunt le reuersion al A. le demaundant, & puis C. le tenant pur terme de vie morust, apres que decease A. le defendant claimant le reuersion per force del graunt (ou C. le tenant pur vie ne vnques atturne) entra, sur que B. entra, enuers que A. pur mesme entre port cest assise &c. Cest vn bone colour, pur ceo que les ley gentes pensant que le terre voile passe per le graunt sans atturnment, lou en fait il ne voyle passe &c.

Auxy en vn action de trespasse, colour doit este done, & de eux sont [Page 42] vn infinite number, vn pur example: En vn action de trespas pur prisel de auers del plaintife, le defendaunt dit, que denaunt le plaintife riens auoit en eux, il mesme fuit possesse de eux come de ses proper biens, & eux deliuer al A B. pur eux rebailer a luy quado &c. & A. B. eux dona al Plaintife, & le plaintife suppose le propertie destre en A. B. al temps del done prist eux, & le defendant eux reprist del plaintif, sur que le plaintife port laction: cest vn bon colour, & vn bon plea. Vide de ceo pluis en les Drologues ent le Doctor & Student. li. 2. cap 13.

Colour de office.

COlore officii, est toutes dites prist in malam partem & signifie vn act malement fait per le countenance de vn office, & il port vn dissimulant vy [...]age del droit office, lou le office nest q̄ vaile del fau [...]itie & le [Page] chose est ground sur vice & [...]offi [...]e [...]st come vn shadow al ceo. Mes ratione officii, & vertute officii sont p [...]ises toutes for [...]es in bon [...]m partem, & lou le office est le iust cause del chose, & le chose est pursuant al office.

111 Collusion.

COllusion▪ est lou vn action est port vers vn auter per son agreement demesne, si le plaintife recouer, tiel recouerie est dit per collusion, & en ascuns cases le collusion serra enqu [...]re come en vn Quare impedit. Assise & tiels semblables, queux ascun corporation ou corps politique port enuers auter al entent de auer le terre ou aduowson, dont le b [...]e [...]e est port en mortm [...]ine. Mes en auowrie ne en ascun action personal le collusion ne serra enquire. Vide stitute W. 2. capit. 32. que done le quale ius & le enquirie in tiel case.

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Common ley.

COmmon ley, est pur le pluis pa [...]te prise 3. voyes. Primerm̄t, pur l [...]s leyes de cest Realm simply, sans as [...] ▪ [...] l [...]y, come customarie l [...]y, ciuil ley, spiritual ley [...]u qu [...] aut ley i [...] a ceo, come quant il [...] despute ē nostre l [...]yes [...]angle [...]re, quid doet de droit est [...] determine p [...]r le common ley & quid per spiritual ley, ou le Court del Admiral ou tiels semblables.

Second [...]t il est prise pur les Courtes le Roy, come l [...] b [...]ke le roy ou common place, [...] pur m [...]nstre vn diff [...]ce pe [...]ē [...]r c [...] les base courtes, come customarie courts, courts Barons. Countie courts, P [...]powde [...]s & ti [...]ls semblables: c [...]me qū [...] vn ple de terre est remoue hors de anciēt demesn̄ pur c [...]o q̄ le [...]re ē frāk s [...]e & pledable al cōmon ley, cest adire ē la Court le R. & nemy ē anciēt demesn̄ ou en as [...] ▪ auter ba [...]e court.

Tierce [...]t & pluis vsualment [Page] per le comon ley est entendue tiels leys q̄ fueront generalmēt prise & tenus pur ley deuant q̄ ascun estatut fuit fait pur alter ceo, cōe pur exāple, Tenant pur vie, ne pur ans ne fueront deste punish pur fesance wast a [...] common ley tan (que) le statut de Gloucester ca. 5. fuit fait, le quel done vn action de wast enuers eux. Mes tenant per le curtesie, & tenant in dower, fueront punishable pur wast al common ley, cest adire, per le vsuall & common receiued leys de Realme deuaunt le dit statute de Gloucester fuit fait.

113 Common.

COmmon, est le droit que home ad de mitter ses beasts a pasture, ou de vser & occupier le tre q̄ nest son proper soile.

Et nota que sont diuers commons cest adire common en grosse, common appendant, common appurtenant, & cō mon per cause de visinage,

[Page 44]Common en grosse est lou ieo per mon fait graunt a vn auter, que il auer cōmon in ma terre.

Common appendāt est lou home est seisi de certein terre, a que il ad cō mon in auter soil, & touts ceux que serront seisi del dit terre aueront le dit common solement pur ceux beastes que compast sa terre a que il est appē dant, except oysons, chiuers, & porceaux.

Et touts iours, cest cō mon est per prescription, & de common droit, & il est appendant al terre erable solement, & nemy al auter terre ou meason.

Common appurtenaunt est en mesme le manner come common appendant. Mes est ouesque toutes manners des auers cibien porceaux, chiue [...]s & tiel semblable come chiuals, vacches, boefes, berbits, & tiels que compast [...]r de terre. Et tiel cōon poit este fait a cest iour, & poit este seuer del terre a que il est [Page] appurtenant, mes issint [...]e poit common appendant.

Common pur cause de visinage est lou les tenants de deux Seigniours que sont seisies de deux villes, dont lun gist pres lauter, & chescun de eux ont vse de temps dont memorie [...] court de auer comon en auter ville, ouesque toutes beastes comminable.

Mes lun ne poit mitter ses auers en le terre lauter, car la ceux de lauter ville poient eux distreine Damage fesant, ou auer action de Trespas, mes ils eux mittera e [...] lour camps demes [...]e, & sils estray en les campes del auter ville, ils la doy [...]nt eux sufferer. Et les inhabitants de lun ville ne doyent mitter eins tants come il voile, mes ayant regard al franktenement del inhabitants de lauter ville, car auterment [...]l [...]e soit bon vicinitie, sur q̄ tout cest matter depend.

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Condition.

COndition, est vn restraint ou bridle annex & ioyne al chose, issint que per le non perfourmance & fesans de c [...]o le partie al condition reco [...]era preiudice & perde, & per le performance & faire de ceo commoditie & aduantage.

Et toutes conditions sont ou conditions actuall & expresse, queux sont appel conditions en fait, O [...] [...]ls sont conditions implicite ou tacite, & ment expresse, les q̄ux sont appelles conditions en ley.

Auxi touts conditions sont o [...] conditions precedent & vaiant deuaunt lestate, & sont executed, O [...] subsequent, & veniens apres lestate & executorie.

Le condition precedēt, sait gaine & obtaine le chose ou estate fait sur condition per le perfourmance de mesme.

Le condition subsequent fait garde, & continue le chose ou estate [Page] fait sur condition per le perfourmance de yc [...]l.

Actual & expresse condition, que est appel vn condition en fait, est vn condition knit & annex per expresse parolx al feoffement, leas ou graunt, ou en escript ou sans escript. Sicome ieo enfeffe vn home en terres reseruant rent, destre paied a tiel feast, sur condition, que si le feoffee faile de payment al iour, que donques il serra loial pur moy de reenter.

Condition implicite ou tacite & nient expresse, q̄ est appel conditiō en ley, est quant home graunt al auter le office destr̄ gardein dun park, seneschal, beadle, baylife, ou tiels sembl' pur term de vie & nient obstant q̄ la ne soit ascun condition expresse en le grant, vncore le ley parle couertment de vn condition, quel est, que si le grantee ne execute pas touts points apperteināt a son office, ꝑ luy mesme ou son [...]ufficient deputy, donque serra loial pur le [Page 46] grantor de enter & discharge luy de son office.

Condition precedent & vaant deuant est, quant vn lease est fait al vn pur vie sur condition, que si le lessee pur vie voile paie al lessour xx. li. a tiel iour, que donques il auera fee simple, icy le condition preceede & va deuant le estate in fee simple, & sur le performance de le condition, gaine & get fee simple.

Condition subsequent & veniens apres, est quant vn grant a I. S. son mannor de Dale en fee simple sur condition, que le grauntee paiera a luy a tiel iour xx. li. ou auterment que son estate cessera, icy le condition est subsequent & sequens le estate in fee simple, & sur le performance de ycel, gard & continue le estate.

Vide pluis de ceo en Littleton lib. 3. cap. 5. Et Perkins titulo vltimo de Conditions.

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115 Confirmation.

COnfirmation est quant vn que aiet droit al ascun terre ou tenements fait vn fait a vn auter que ait ent le possession ou ascun estate ouesque ceux parolx, Ratificasse, approbasse, confirmasse oue intent de enlarger son estate, ou faire son possession perfect & nient defesible per luy que fait le confirmation, ne per ascun auter que poit aueigne [...] a son droit.

Dont vide pluis en Littleton Libr. 3. cap. 9. de Confirmations.

116 Confiscate biens.

COnfiscate biens sont biens al q̄ux le ley entitle le Roigne quant ils ne sont pas claime ꝑ ascū auter. Come si vn home soit endict q̄ il feloniousment emblea les biens de I. S. lou en veritie ils sont ses biens demesne, & ils sōt mise en court vers luy come vn mayneur, & donques il est demaund q̄ il dit a ceux biens, & il denie eux, ore per cest denicr [Page 47] de eux, il ꝑdra ceux biens, coment que apres il soit acquite del felony, & issint en auters semblable cases.

Conspiracie.

COnspiracie est vn brief & gist lou deux ou plusors sentailerent ꝑ serement, couenant, ou aut maner aliance, q̄ chescun aydera auter pur indicter ou appeller ascun home de selonie, donques celuy que est per tiel maner endict ou appeal auera cest briefe, Mes cest brief ne gist vers lendictors.

Vade pluis de ceo en Stamford lib. 3. cap. 12.

Custome.

COnsuetud' & seruitijs est vn brief, & gist lou [...]eo ou mes aūcestois depuis le limitation de assise, ne fueront seisie des customes ou seruices de mon tenant, mes deuant, dōques ieo aūa cest brief pur recouer ceux seruices.

Auxy le tenant poyt auer cest briefe vers son Seignior, mes apres que le tenant ad count, le [Page] Seignior defendera les motes del count, & repliant dirra, que il ne distrayna pas pur les costomes dont le count est, & donq̄s il countera tout le count de les customes & seruices, & donques le tenant que fuit plaintife deuiendra defendant, & defendra per battaile ou graund assise.

119 Consultation.

COnsultation, vide de ceo apres en le title de Prohibition.

120 Continual claime.

COntinual claime est lou home ad droit de entre en certain terres dont vn auter est seisi en fee simple ou fee taile, & il ne osast enter pur pauor de mort ou baterie, mes approcha cy pres cōe il osast, & fait claime a ceo deins le an & iour deuant le mort de cestuy que ad le terre, si apres cestuy que ad le terre deuie seisie, & son heire est eins per discent, vncore cestuy que fait tiel claim poit enter sur [...]heir nient [Page 48] contristeant tiel discent, pur ceo que il ad fait tiel continual claime: Mes il couient que cest claime touts foits soit fait deins lan & iour deuaunt le mort le tenant, car si tiel tenant ne morust seisie deins lan & iour ap̄s tiel claime fait, & vncore il q̄ ad droit nosast enter, dō ques couient al cestuy q̄ ad tiel droit de faire auter claime deins lan & iour ap̄s le primer claim, & apres tiel secōd claime de faire le tierce claime deins lan & iour, si il voit este sur de sauer son entre. Mes si le disseisor deuie seisi deins lan & iour apres le disseisin, & nul claime f [...]t, donques lentre le disseisee est tolle, car lan & iour ne serra prise de le temps del title dentre a luy accrue, mes solemēt pur le temps del darrein claime per luy fait, come est auantdit. Vide pluis de ceo en Littleton lib. 3. cap. 7.

Counterplee.

COunterplee est lou vn port vn action, & le [Page] tenant en son respons & plee vouch ou appel pur ascun home pur garrant son title, ou prayer ayde de auter, que ad meliour estate, come de cestuy en la reuersion ou si vn estraunge al action vient & prayera deste resceu de sauer son estate, si le demaund reply a ce [...], & monstre le cause que il ne doyt de tiel home eyde auer, ou que tiel home [...]e doit este resceu, cest plee est appel vn coū terplee al voucher, ayde. ou resceit come le case est, mes si le voucher soit allow, & quant le vouche vient eins & demaund quel chose le tenant ad de luy voucher, & le tenaunt monstre son cause, & le vouchee plede ascun matter de a [...]yder le garrantie, ceo est appel counterplee del resceit.

121 Contract.

COntract, est vn bargaine, ou couenant penter ij. parties ou vn chose est done pur auter que est appel, Quid pro [Page 49] quo, cōe si ieo vende mon chiual pur argent, ou si ieo couenāt de faire lease a vous de mon mannor de Dale, en consideration de xx. li. que vous dones a moy, ceux sont bone cō tracts, pur ceo que il ad vn chose pur auter, Mes si vn home fait promise a moy, que ieo auera xx. s. & que il voile este dettour a moy de ceo, & puys ieo demaund xx. s. & il ne voyle a moy deliuer, vncore ieo nauera iāmes action pur recouer cest xx. s. pur ceo que cest promise ne fuit contract, mes nudus pactus, Et ex nudo pacto nō oritur actio, mes si ascū chose fuit d [...]ne pur le xx. s. mesque il ne fuit fors (que) al value vn denier, donques il fuit bone contracte.

Contra formam collationis.

COntra formam collationis, est vn briefe, & gist lou home done terres en perpetual almoigne a ascun meson de Religion, come a [Page] vn Abbe & la couent ou a auter soueraigne, ou al garden ou master de ascū Hospital, & son couēt de trouer certeine pouer homes, & de faire aut diuine seruice, [...]ils alien les terres dōques le donour ou se [...] heires, aueront le dit briefe pur recouer le terre, mes cest briefe serra tou [...] fo [...]ts port vers l'Abbote ou son successor, & nemy vers alience, coment que il soit tenat: mes en touts auters actions lou home demaunde francktenement, le briefe serra port vers le tenaunt del terre. Vide le statute W. 2. cap. 41.

124 Contra formam feoffamenti.

COntra formam feoffamenti, est vn briefe, & gist lou vn home deuant lestatute de Quia emptores terrarum, quel fuit fait Anno 18. Edw. infeoffe auter per fait de faire certaine seruice si le feoffour ou ses heires distraine luy de faire auter seruice que est comprise [Page 50] en le fait, donques le tenaunt auera cest briefe, luy commaundant que il ne distrayne luy de faire auter seruice, que nest comprise deins le fayt, mes cest br̄ ne gist pur le plaintife que clayme per purchase del [...] fee, mes pur tiel pla [...] que claime come heire [...]l primer feffee.

Contributione facienda.

COntributione facienda, est vn briefe, & gist lou sont diuers Parceners & celuy que ad le part del eygn̄, f [...]ut tout le suit al Seigniour, les auters doient faire contribution a luy, & sils ne voillont il auer vers eux le die briefe.

Conusance.

COnusance de plee, est vn priuiledge que vn citie ou ville ad del grant le Roy de tener plee des touts contracts, & des terres d [...]ns le precinct del Franchises: & que quant ascun home est [Page] impleded, pur ascun tiel chose en le court de Roy al Westminster, les Maiors ou Baylifes de tiels Franchises, ou lour Atturneys poient demaunder Conusance del plee, scilicet, que le plee & le matter serra pled & determine deuaunt eux. Mes si le court al Westm. soit loyalment seisie del plee deuaunt que Conusance soit demaunde, dō ques ils ne auerōt Conusance pur cest suite, pur ceo q̄ ils ont neglig [...]ntm̄t surcease lour tēps de demaunder ceo, mes cest ne serra barre al eux dauer Conusace en auter actiō, car ils poient demaund Conusance en vn action, & omitte ceo en auter action a lour pleasure.

Et nota que Conusance ne gist en prescription, mes ils couient monstre letters patents le Roy pur ceo.

127 Corodie.

COrodie est vn allowance de meate, pane, boier, argent, vestments, lodg. & tiels choses necessarie [Page 51] pur sustenance: ceo ascun foits est certein ou le certeinty des choses est limit, ascun foits vncerteine, lou nest limit le certeintie que il aū [...]t ascun de eux commence ꝑ grant fait ꝑ ascun hōe al auter, & po [...]t est [...] pur vie, ans, en tail ou fee: & ascū Corodies s [...]nt de cōmon droit, sicome chescū foū der de Abbies, Priories, Nunries, & auters measons de religiō papis [...]ick, auoient aucthoritie dassigner tiel in mesme les measons (quant ils fueront) pur son pere, frere, cosin ou auter home q̄ il voit, prendroit ceo, sil [...]uit vn meason de moignes, & sil soit foūd del meason de Nuns ou muliers, donque ceo pur sa mere, soer, cosin ou aut mulier q̄ il voil direct al ceo, & touts iours cē ꝓu [...]o fuit ew, que il q̄ ad Corody en vn meson de moignes ne doit mitter vn feme de prender ceo. Ne ou Corodie fuit due [...]n vn Nū rie, l [...] il ne fuit lo [...]all de appointer vn hōe de receiuer [Page] ceo, car en ambideux [...]ses tiel presentation fuit deste reiect. Et cest Corody fuit due sibien [...] vn commō person que fuit founder, sicome ou le Roy m̄ fu [...]t foūder, mes ou [...]e meason fuit [...]e [...]is en frankalmoigne, la le tenure m̄ fuit vn discharge de corody [...]nco [...]t touts hōes sicōe q̄ il fuit ap̄s charge voluntarim̄t, come ou le Roy voit mitter son brief al Abbe pur vn Corody pur vn tiel le que ils admit, la le meason doit este charge per ceo a touts iours, si le roy soit foūd ou nemy: vide breue de Corod. hab. en Fitz. Natura br̄. fo. 230.

Coroner

COroner est vn aunc▪ offic▪ de trust, & de grād aucthority, ordain dēe vn principal conseruator, ou gardein de la peas, a port record [...]s Ples del crown & de son view demesne & de diuers auter choses mult en number &c. & pur ceo [...]n temps le Roy Edward le primer cest [Page 52] estatute sequens [...]uit fait pur ceo que petit gents meins sages soient [...]s ore de nouel communement al office del Coroner, ou mistyer serroit q̄ probes homes loyalx & sages [...]e en [...]r [...]e [...]nt de cel office. Puru [...] est▪ q̄ p [...]r toutes les Counties [...]oyeat es [...]s sufficient homes Coroners, de pluis loials & plu [...]s sages c [...] [...]l [...]rs, que mieux sa [...]at puissant & veilent a cel office entender, & q̄ loyalm̄t attachēt & representēt le plees del Corone.

Et ment obstinte le lett de c [...]st estatute ne soit pcisement obserue vncore al meins le entent doit estre pursue, [...]y pres come poit, que pur le default des chiualers, g [...]ntle [...]ōes furnished oue tiels qualities si come le statut parle (de que [...]ls y a [...] diuers) p [...] estre es [...]ieu [...]ue c [...]st addition que ils soyent ver [...] & [...] co [...] Christians: vide de ceo en b [...]i [...] de [...]o [...] eligendo in [...] Natura breuium fol. 1 [...]3.

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129 Corporation.

COrporation, est vn chose permanent que poit auer succession: Et est vn assēbly & ioyning ensemble de diuers en vn fellowship, fraternitie & ment, de que vn est le teste & principall, let auters sont le corps, & cē teste & corps ioint ensemble font le corporation. Et de corporations ascuns sont appels spirituals ascuns temporals, & de ceux que sont spirituals ascuns fueront corporations de mort persons en ley, & ascuns auterment, & ascuns sont per aucthority del Roy solem̄t, & ascuns ont estr dū mixt auctority. Et de ceux queux sont tēporall ascuns sont ꝑ aucthority del roigne auxy, & ascuns ꝑ le cōon ley del Realm̄.

Corporation spirituall & de mort persons en ley est lou le corporation consist dun Abbe & couent, & ceux ont lour cō mencement del Roy, & le home de Rome, quant il y ad a faire cy.

[Page 53]Corporation spirituall & dable persons ē ley est lou le corporation consist dun Deane & Chapter, Master del Colledge ou Hospitall, & cest corporation ad commencement del Roy solement.

Corporation temporal per le R. est lou est vn Maior & Comminalty.

Corporation temporal per aucthority del common ley est le assembly en parliament, le quel cō sist del Roign le teste del corporation & S [...]rs spirituals & tēporals, & de les commons del Realm̄ le corps del corporation.

Corps politike.

COrps politike, sont Euesques, Abbeis, Priors, Deans, Parsons dun esglise, & tiels sēblables, queux ont succession en vn person solement.

Corruption de sangue.

COrruption de sangue, est qn̄t asc' est attaint de felony ou treason, dō q̄s son sague est dit deste [Page] corrupt, per reason de q̄l ses enfants ne ascun de sō sāgue ne po [...]ēt estre heirs a luy ne ascun auter auncestor, ꝑur que ils doient claime ꝑer luy. Et sii fuit noble ou gentle home deuant, il & touts ses enfants per ceo sont saits ignoble & vngentle, ayant regard al nobility ou gentrie ils claim per lour pere, que ne poit este fait fane arrere sans aucthoritie de Parliament.

132 Cosinage.

COsinage, est vn briefe, & gist lou mon besaiel mon trēsaile, ou auter cosin deuie seisie in fee simple, & vn estrange abata, cest adire, enter en les terres, donques [...]eo auera vers luy cest briefe, ou deuers son heire ou son alienee, ou deuers q̄ cunque que aueigne apres a les dits terres. Mes si mon aiel deuie seisi, & vn estrange abate, donq̄s ieo aūa vn briefe de Aiel. Mes si mō pere, mere, frere, soer, vncle ou aūt deuie [Page 54] seisie, & vn estrāge abata, don (que) ieo auera vn Assise de Mortdauncester.

Couenant.

COuenant, est vn agreement fait per fait en escript & enseale per [...]ter deux persons, lou chescun de cux est tenus al auter de performer certain couenants pur son part, & lun de eux [...]e [...]ent p [...] sō couenant mes enfreint ceo, don (que) celuy q̄ se sent greeue, auera vn briefe de Couenant.

Et nota bien que nul br̄ de Couenant sorra maintenable sans e [...]spe [...]altie, sinon en la Citie de Londres, ou [...]n ascun aut tiel lieu priuiledge per custome & vse.

Couerture.

COuerture, est quant vn home & vn seme sont espouse ensemble, ore ascun chose que est fait cō cernant la feme en le t [...]ps de le continuance de cest marriage perenter eux est dit destre fait durant le couerture, & le fem̄ est [Page] appel vn feme couert.

135 Couin.

COuin, est vn secret assent determine en les cures de deux ou plusors al p̄iudice dun aut: Come si tenāt pur tm de vie, ou tenant en le taile secretmēt conspire oue vn aut, q̄ laut recouera vers le t pur vie le terre q̄ il tient &c. en preiudice de celuy en le reuersion.

136 Cui in vita.

CVi in vita est vn briefe & gist lou home est seisi de terres en fee simple, ou fee taile, ou pur terme de vie en droit sa feme, & alien̄ mesme le terre & deuie, donques el auera le dit briefe pur recouerer la terre.

Et nota bien que en cē briefe son title doit este monstre si soit de purchase la feme, ou del heritage la feme. Mes si le baron alien le droit sa feme, & le baron & la feme deuiont, le heire la feme auera vn briefe de sur Cui in vita.

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Cui ante diuortium.

CVi ante diuortiū, est vn briefe, & gist en semble maner, quant tiel alienation est fait per le baron del terre la feme, & puis deuorce est ew enter eux, donques la femme auera cest briefe, & le briefe dirra, cui ipsa ante diuortium contradicere nō potuit.

Curtesie D [...]ngleterre.

CVrtesie Dengleterre, est lou home prent feme seisie in fee simple ou fee taile general, ou seisie cōe heire de la taile especial, & ad issue per la feme male ou female, soit le issue mort ou en vie, si la feme deuie, le baron tyendra la terre deuant sa vie per la ley de Angleterre: Et est appel tenant per le Curtesie Dengleterre, pur ceo q̄ uest vse en nul aut Realm forsq, tātsolem̄t en Engleterre.

D.

Damage feasant.

DAmage sea [...]at est quāt les beasts de vn [...]strag' [Page] sont in auters terres sans auctoritie loial ou licēce del tenant de la terre, & la mangeront, tread, ou auterm̄t spoylēt les blees, grasse, boies, ou tiels semblables: En quel case le t q̄ ils issint damage, poit pur ceo prender, distrain, & impound eux, sibien en le nuict come en le iour. Mes en auters cases, come put rent & seruices & tiels sembles nul poit distrainer en le nuict tēps.

140 Danegelde.

DAngelde, hoc est quietum esse de quada cō suetudine q̄ cucu [...]rit aliquo tēpore, quā quidē Danu leuauerūt in Anglia.

Ceo commence primer [...]n tēps le roy Etheldred, q̄l esteant en graund distresse per le continual inuasion de les Danes, pur purchaser paix, fuit compel de charger son pais & people oue importable paiments, car il primermēt dona cux al sink seueral paymēt 113000. li. & puis graunt al cux [Page 56] 48000. li. annualment.

Darrein presentment.

DArrein presentm̄t. Vide de ceo apres titulo Quare impedit.

Deane & Chapter.

DEane & Chapter, est vn corps corporate spiritual consistant de plusors able persons en ley, come nosmement de Deane (que est principal) & ses Prebends, & ils emsemble font le corporation. Et sicome cest corporation poyent ioyntment purchase terres & tenements al vse de lour esglis & successors. Issint auxy chescun de eux seueralmēt poit purchase al vse de luy & ses heires.

Decies tantum.

DEcies tantum, est vn briefe, & gist lou vn iurour en ascun enquest, prist [...]rgēt dun partie ou dauter pur done son verdict, don (que) il payera x. foits a tāt q̄ il ad receiue. Et chescun que voyl suer auera action, & auera [Page] lun moitie, & le roy lauter moitie. Mes si le Roy en tiel case release per son perdon a tiel iurour, vncore ceo ne serra barre verscestuy que port laction, mes que il recouera lauter moitie, si son action soit commence deuant le pardon le Roy, mes si le pardon soit deuant ascun action, il est barre encounter toutes gents. Et mesme le ley est de touts actions populers lou vn part est al roy, & lauter al partie que suera. Auxi les embracers que procurent tiels inquestes serront puny en mesme le manner & ils aueront prisonment de vn an, Mes nul iustice enquirera de ceo de office, mes solement al suite del partie.

144 Declaration.

DEclaration, est vn mō strance en escript de le griefe & complaint de le commaundaunt ou plaintife enuers le tenant ou defendant, en que il [Page 57] suppose de auer receiue tort, & cest declaration doit este plaine & certain, pur ceo que il impeache le defendant ou tenant & auxy chace celuy a responder. Mes nota que declaration fait per le demaundant vers le tenaunt en action Real, est: appel properment vn Count.

Nota que le Count ou declaration doit conteine demonstration, declaration & conclusion. Et en demonstration sont conteines troys choses (cest adire) que se pleint, & deuers que & de quel chose, & en le declaration doit estre comprise come & en quel manner le cause del action surdit enter les parties, & quant & quel iour, an, & lieu, & a que laction serra done.

Et en perclose il doit auerre & profer de prouer son suite & monstra les dammages queux il susteine per le tort a luy faite.

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145 Dedimus potestatem.

DEdimus potestatem, est vn briefe, & gist lou vn home [...] le court le Roy, [...]ou est sue & ne p [...]t bien traueler, don (que) il auera [...]est briefe direct a ascun Iustice ou auter discreete person en le payes de [...]oner a luy power pur admit ascun pur son Atturney, ou de leuie fine, ou de prender son confession ou son respōs, ou [...]auter examination come le matter require.

146 Defendant.

DEfendant, est celuy q̄ est sue en action personel, & il est appel tenāt en vn action Real.

147 Defence.

DEfence, est ceo que le defendant doit. faire immediatement apres le count o [...] declaration fait, cest adire que, il defenda tout le torre force & dammage, lou & quant il deuera [...] & do [...]ques de proceede ouster [Page 58] a son plee, ou de [...] parler.

Et no [...] ▪ que entant que il defend tort & force il se excuse del tort ve [...]s luy surmisee, & fait [...]r partie al plee, & per tant q [...]e il defende lēs dammages, il affirme le partie plaintife able deste respondue.

Et pur le [...] re [...]idue d [...]l defence, il accept le power del Court de over & determiner les pl [...]es de cel matter. Car sil voile pleder al Iurisdiction, il doit omitter in son defence les parols (o [...] & quant il deuera) & sil voyle monstre ascun disabilitie en le plaintife, & demaund iudgement si le partie serra respondu, donques il doit omitter le defence del dammage.

Demaundant.

DEmaundant, est celuy que sue ou [...] complaine en action Real put [Page] title de terre, & il est appel plaintife en vn assise, & en vn action personel, come en action de debt, trespas, disceite, detinue & [...]i [...]ls semblables.

149 Demaines.

DEmaines, ou demesnes generalment a parler solonque le ley sont touts les parts de ascun maner [...]l ne sont en maines del freeholders destate denheritance, coment soyent occupies pe [...] tenaunt per copy de Court Roll, lessees pur ans, ou pur vie, cy bien come tenaunt a volunte: me [...] specialment a parler dem [...]nes solonque le common parlance sont solement entend le principall mannor place del seigmo [...], que il & ses auncestors ont ewe de temps hors de memory en lour maines demesue, & ount occupy ceo, ensemble oue touts edifices & measons quecunque, Etauxi les prees, pastures, boyes, terres e [...]able, & tiels semblables, oue ceo occupie.

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Demy sanke ou sangue.

DEmy sanke est quant vn hōe marie vn feme, & ad issue per luy vn fits ou file & el morust▪ & donques il prist vn auter feme, & ad per luy auxy vn fites ou file. Ore ceux deux fits so [...]t solō que vn manner freres, on come ils sont appels demy freres, ou freres del demy sanke cē adire frere [...] le part de pier pur ceo que ils ont ambideux vn pier, & sont ambideux de son sāgue, & nemy freres per le part le mere, ne de ascun sanke on kinne cest voy, & pur ceo lun de cux ne poit este heire al auter, car il q voile claime come heire al vn per discent, doyt este dentier sāke a luy de q̄ il claime. En mesme le maner est si feme [...]yt diuers issues ꝑ diuers barons qui fratres vterini dicuntur.

Demurrer.

DEmurrer est quant ascun action est port & le defendant plede vn ple [Page] a que le plaintife dit que il ne voile responder pur ceo que il nest sufficient plee en le ley & le defendant dit al contrarie que il est sufficient plee, & sur ceo ambideux mist [...] ro [...]t le cause al iudgement del Court, donques ceo est appelle vn demurrer.

152 Denizen.

DEnizen, est lou alien nee deuient le subiect le Roy & obteine le letters patēts le roy pur enioy toutes priuiledges, cōe vn hoe Anglois, mes si vn [...]o [...] [...]an Demzen il paiera customes & diuers auters choses come alien▪ come appiert per diuers Statutes de ceo faits.

153 Deodande.

DEodande, est quant ascun home per misfortune est occide ꝑ vn chiual ou per charet ou per auter chose que mouet▪ donques cel chose que est le cause de son mort, que al tēps de la misfortune moua, serra forfait al [Page 60] Roy, & ceo est appell Deodande, & ceo pe [...]ne al Almener le Roy pur disposer in Almes & actes de charitie.

Departure de son plee ou matter.

DEparture de son plee ou matter, est lou vn home plede vn plee en barre & le plaintife replie a ceo, & sil apres en son [...]omder plede ou monstre auter matter cō trarie a son primer plea en barre, ceo est appell vn depart de son barr̄ &c.

Departure in dispite del Court.

DEparture in dispite del Court, est quant le tenāt ou defendāt appeare al action port enuers luy, & ad iour ouster en m̄ le terme ou est demaunde apres, coment nul iour so [...]t a luy done issint que soit en mesme le terme [...] ne appeare me [...] fa [...]t defaut, cē vn departure in dispite del Court, & pur ceo il serra conde [...].

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156 Deputie.

DEputie est celuy que occupya en aut droyt soit ceo office, ou ascun auter chose, & son forfaitur̄, ou dismeanor cause [...] officer, ou celuy que deputie il est de pard' son office ou chose. Mes vn [...]e poit faire son deputie en touts cases, nisi le grāt soit issint, si come il soit o [...] ceux ou tiels sēblables parols, exercēdo per se, vel sufficientem deputatum suum, ou si les parols va ouster ꝑ se vel deputat▪ suum▪ aut deputat▪ deputati, donques il poit faire vn deputie & sō deputie auxi poet faire vn deputie, auterm̄t nemie.

157 Det.

DEt est vn briefe & gist lou ascun summe dargent est due a vn ꝑ reason [...]accompt, bargaine, cō tract, obligation▪ ou aut especialtie, a estre paie [...] ascū certaine iour, a quel iour il ne paia passe, dō ques il auera cest briefe. Mes si ascun summe de argent soit due a ascun seignior ꝑ son tenant, pur [Page 61] alcun rēt seruice, le seignior ne vnques aūa actiō de dett, mes il couient touts foits distrain. Auxi pur rent charge ou rent secke, quel home ad pur terme de son vie, en taile ou en fee, il nauera actiō de det, cy longe come le rent endure, mes ses executors poient auer vn actiō de det pur les arrerages de ascun des dits rēts due ē le vie lour testator, ꝑ lestatute 32. H. 8. c. 37.

Mes pur les arrerages de rēt reserue sur vn lease pur terme de ans, le lessor est a son election de auer action de dette, ou pur distrainer: Mes si le lease soit determine, donques il ne distreinera apres pur cel rent.

Mes couient luy dauer vn action de det pur les arrerages.

Deuastauerunt bona testatoris.

DEuastauerūt bona testatoris est quāt les executors voile deliuer les legacies que lour testator ad done ou faire restitution pur torts faits per [Page] luy, ou paie ses dets due sur cōtractes, ou aut dets due sur specialties, que iours de paiment ne sont vncore venus &c. Et ne gard sufficient [...]n lour maines pur discharger ceux dets sur records ou specialties, q̄ ils sont cō pellabl' primerm̄t ꝑ le ley de satisfier, dōques il serront cōstrain de payer de lour biens, demesne ceux duties, le quel al primer ꝑ le ley ils, fi [...]ront compelles de paier, accordant al value de ceo q̄ ils deliuero [...]t ou pay sans compulsion, car tiels paimēts de dets, ou deliuerie de legacies, come est auantdit, deuant dets paies sur specialties▪ ou recordes, quel iours de payment sont a ore venus▪ sont accompt en le ley vn vastāt des biens del testator, cy tant come si ils ad done eux sans cause, ou vend eux & conuert eux a lour proper vse.

159 Deuise.

DEuise est lou vn hōe en son testament, done [Page 62] ou grant ses biens ou ses terres a vn auter apres son decease. Et lou tiel deuise est fait des biens, si les executors ne voilent deliuer les biens a le deuisee, le deuisee nad remedie per le cōmon ley▪ Mes il couient de auer vn Citation vers les executors le testator dappearer deuant le Ordinarie▪ de monst [...] pur quoy il ne ꝑforma le volūt le testator, car le deuisee ne poit p̄nder le legacy & luy m̄ s erū, mes il deit estre deliū a luy ꝑ les executors.

Mes per le cōmon-ley, si home fuit s [...]le seisi de terres ē son demesne come de fee▪ & deuisa les terres ꝑ son testam̄t▪ cest deuise fuit void▪ [...] les terres seront en vn Citie ou borough lou terres sont deuisable ꝑ custom. Mes si ascun home soit▪ enfeoffe al vse dun auter & ses heirs, & cesty a que vse il fuit issint seisse fait deuise de ses terres, cest deuise fuit bone, coment que il ne fuit en ville lou terres sont deuisable.

[Page]Auxy si asc' home deuise tres en citie, ville ou borough deuisable, & le deuisor deuie, si son heire ou asc' auter abate en les terres, donques le deuisee aūa br̄ de Ex graui quaerela: Mes cest br̄ ne serra iammes plede deuāt le Iustice le Roy, mes touts foits deuant le Maior on Bailifes in le dit ville.

Et ore al fine de monstre quant les leyes de cest Realme, & les discreete Iudges de ceo, q̄ux sont les interpreters de le ley, ont fauour volunts & testaments, & issint deuises en yelding al eux [...]iel reasonable cōstruction, come ils pensant poit bien agreer oue les menes de les morts, considerantes q̄ volunts & testam̄ts sont pur le plus part, & ꝑ common intendm̄t fait quant le testator est ore en graund langor, feeble & passa tout sperans de recouerie, car il est vn opinion en le pais enter le greinder nū ber, que si vn home per chaunce soit ey sapient [Page 63] come de faire son volunt en son bone sane, quant il est strong, de bone memorie, & ad temps & opportunitie, & poit demād counsell si ascun doubt soit de le learned, que dō ques il ne doit viuer long apres, & pur ceo ils ceo deferre tanque tiel temps quant ceo soit plus conuenient de applier eux mesmes a le disposition de lour almes, q̄ de lour terres & biens, sinon que il soit que per fresh memorie, & recitall de eux a cest temps, il poit estre vn cause de mittr̄ eux en ment▪ de asc' de lour biēs ou tres fauxim̄t purchase & issint moue eux al restitutiō &c. Et a cest tēps le escripture de tiels volunts sont communem̄t cōmit al minister del paroch ou al ascun aut plus ignorant que luy, que ne seauoit q̄ux parolx sont necessarie pur faire vn estate ē fee simple, fee tail pur terme de vie, ou tiels semblables, preter diuers aut mischiefes: Ieo voile pur ceo mise cy ascuns de [Page] ceux cases queux sōt plus common en les bouches de les ignorant homes & portont per le sauient interpretations de les iudges, come est auantdit, vn large & plus fauourable fēce en volūts q̄ en faits.

Et pur ceo primermēt si vn deuise al I. S. per sont volunt, touts les terres & tenem̄ts, icy non solement tout ceux tres, q̄ il ad en possession passōt, mes auxi ceux de que il ad le reuersion, per vertu de ceux parelx tenemēts.

Et si terres sont deuise a vn home ae auer a luy in ꝑpetuum, ou a auer a luy & a ses assignes, in ceux deux cases le deuisee aūa fee simple, Mes si soit dōe per feoffem̄t [...]n tiel maner, il nad fors (que) estate pur terme de vie. Auxy [...]i vn home deuise ses terres al auter, pur doner, vender, ou fa [...] de c [...]o a sō wil & pleasure, cest fee simple.

Vn deuise sait al vn & a ses heires males fait vn estate taile, mes si [...]i [...]ls parols so [...]t mise en vn fa [...] de foffement, il serra [Page 64] prise fee simple, pu [...] [...]eo que il [...]appiert de que corps les heirs males serra ingend [...]e. Si terres sont done per fait al I. S. & a les heires males de son corps &c. que ad issue file, que ad issue fites & morust, la le terrie reuertera al donour, & le fits de file nauera ceo, pur ceo que il ne poit a luy mesme conueier ꝑ heires males, car sa meere est vn obstacle a ceo, mes autermēt est de tiel deuise, car la le fites del file ceo auera plustost que le volunt serra voide.

Si vn deuise al enfant in ventre matris suae, cest bone deuise, auterm̄t est ꝑ feoffement, grant, o [...] done, ca [...] ē ceux cases il doit estre vn del habilitie pur prender maintenāt, auterment il est voide.

Vn deuise fair ē fee simple sans expresse ꝑols del heirs est bōe ē fee simple.

Mes si vn deuise soit al I. N. il auera les terres fors (que) pur terme de vie, car ceux parols ne voilēt porter greinder estate.

[Page]Si vn voile que son fits I. auera son terre puis le mort son feme, icy le fēe le deuisor aūr le tre primes pur terme de sa vie. Issint si home deuise ses biens a sa feme, & que apres le decease de son feme, son fits & heire auera le meison ou les biens sont, la le fits nauera le meason durant le vie de le feme, car il appiert que son intent fuit, que sa feme doit auer le meason auxi put terme de sa vie, nient obstant il ne fuit deuise a luy per expresse parols.

Si vn deuise soit al I. N. & a les heires females de son corps engendres, apres le deuisce ad issue fites & file, & morust, icy le file auera le terre, & nemy le fits, & vncore il est plus digne person, & heire al sō peire, mes pur ceo que volunt del mort est, que le file doit ceo auer, ley & cōscience voet issint auxy.

Et en cest point les heathen fueront precise, come appiert ꝑ ceux verses [Page 65] de Octauins Augustus que Donatus report il fesoit apres que Virgil a son morte donoit commaundem̄t, que ses liuers doiēt estre combure, pur ceo que ils fueront imperfect, & vncore ascuns persuadont que ils doient estre saue, cōe en fait ils happiment fueront a que il respond issint: Sed legum seruāda fides, suprema voluntas, Quod mandat, fierique iubet, parere necesse est.

Diem clausit extremum.

DIem clausit extremū, est vn br̄, & gist lou le tenant le Roy, q̄ tient en chief morust, donq̄ cē br̄ serra direct al eschetour denquirer de quel estate il fuit seisi, & que est procheine heire, & de q̄ lage & de la certainty del [...]ie & de quel value le [...] est. & de que ceo est ten [...]s, & cel inquisitiō [...] returne en le chancerie & est communement appel, The office after y^• death of that person.

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161 Discent.

DIscent, est en ij. sortes, o [...] lineal, ou collatal.

Lineal discent est quant le discent est conuey en mesme le lyne dentier sangue, come aile, peere, fits, fits del fits & issint debassa.

Collateral discent est dehors en vn auter brāch dehaust dentier sangue come le frere del ayle, frere del peere, & issint debassa.

Nota que si vn deuie seisie en fee, ou en taile de terre en quel auter ad droit denter, & ceo discend a son heire, tiel discent tollera lentre de cestuy que droit auoit denter, pur ceo q̄ le heire ad ceux per le discent de son pere, & issint vient a les tenemēts per acte del ley, & cesty que droit ad ne puit luy ouster per entre sur luy, mes est mise de suer son brief a demaund le terre solonque le nature de son title. Vide de ceo Littleton, liuer. 3. ca. 6. & Stat. 32. Henr. 8. cap. 33.

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Disclaymer.

DIsclaymer, est lou le seignior distraine son tenaunt, & il sua repleuin, & le seignior auowa le pr [...]sel, per reason que il t [...]nt de luy, si le tenant dit que il disclaime de tener de luy, cest appel vn disclaimer, & si le seignior sur c [...]o porte briefe de droit sur disclaimer, & il soit troue encounter le tenāt, il perdera le terre. Auxy [...] vn port vn precipe vers deux auters pur te [...]re, & le tenaunt disclaime & dit, que il nest de ceo tenaunt, ne claim rien en ceo, donques lauter auera tout le terre. Mes si le precipe soit envers vn sole, & il disclaim, come auant est dit le briefe abatera, & vncore le demandant poit enter en le terre, & ceo teter en son droiturel estate comēt son entrie ne fuit loyal.

Discontinuance.

DIscontinuance, est quāt vn home alien a vn [...]nter terres o [...] tenements [Page] & morust, & vn aut ad droit a m [...]sme les terres & [...]e puit enter [...]n eux ꝑ cause de cel alienation, sicome vn Abbot alien les tres de son meason a vn auter en fee, ou en fee taile, ou pur terme de vie, ou si vn home aliē les terres q̄ il ad en droit sa fem̄, ou si tenant en taile alien les terres done a luy & a ses heires de son corps, donque tiels alienations sont appels discontinuance, car tiels estates passont touts foits per liuerie & seisin, & en ceux cases le successour labbe, ne la feme apres le mort son baron, ne lissue en le taile apres le mort le tenaunt en le taile ne poient enter mes chescun de eux est mise a sonaction. Vide pluis de ceo en Litt lib. 3. ca 11. & 32. [...]. 8. ca. 28. que toll les discontinuances per baron seisi en droit son fe [...]e.

164 Dismes.

DIsmes, sont les dismes parts de asc▪ chose▪ mes ꝓprem̄t de ceux choses [Page 67] que encrease, q̄ux pur le pluis parte perteigne al Ministres desgli [...]e pur lour maintenāce & ils sōt deuides en iij. sorts, nosm̄t Predial dismes, Parsonel dismes & Mixt dismes, Predial dismes sont dismes, q̄ sō [...] paid de choses, q̄ux viēt de le terr̄ solem̄t, cōe bles, sein, f [...]uits del arbors & tiels semb.

Parsonel dismes sont dismes que sont paies de tiels profits que veigne ꝑ le labor & industrie del person dun home, come per emption & venditiō, gain de marchandize & de manuel crafts homes laborers & tiels q̄ labor pur salary, come carpent, masons & tiels sēblables.

Mixte dismes sont les dismes de vitels, agnes, porcels & tiels sēblabl▪ q̄ encrease partm̄t del tre, sur q̄ ils sont depastures, & partm̄t del garding, ē dustrie, & diligence del owner.

Disparagement.

DIsparagem̄t est vn hōt, disgrace ou villanye fait ꝑ le gardein en Chiualrie [Page] a son gard en chiualry, esteant deins age ꝑ reason de son mariage.

Come quant le gardein marrie son warde deins age de xiiii. ans, & deins tiel temps q̄ il ne poit cō sent al marriage, al vn nief [...], o [...] al file dun q̄ d [...] murt en vn borough (que est deste entend tiels que peres professe maincrafts & tiels baser arts de emption & venditiō pur gam̄ lour viuer p [...]r ce [...]) ou al vn que ad fors (que) vn pee, ou vn maine ou est decrepit ou deforme, ou aiant horrible disease, come le leprosie, les pockes de frankes, falling sicknes, ou tiels semblables, ou marrie luy a vn feme que est passe lage denfanter & diuers tiels auters, don (que) sur le complaint fait per les amies de tiel heire, le s [...] ̄r ou gardein perdera le gardship & les profits durant le nonage de le heire pur le hont fair a luy. Vide Litt lib. 2. ca. 4.

166 Disseisin.

DIsseisin, est quant vn hōe ent en ascū terres [Page 68] ou tenements, lou son entre nest pas congeable, & ousta celuy q̄ ad le fraktenement.

Disseisin sur disseisin.

DIsseisin sur disseisin, est quant le disseisour est dis [...]eisie per vn auter.

Disseisour & disseisee.

DIsseisour, est celuy que [...]st ascun home hors de son terre sans order de ley, & disseisee est celuy que est issint [...]s.

Disceit.

DIsceit est vn bre, & est ascun foi [...]s original, & ascun foits iudiciall, mes quant il est original, gist lo [...] ascū disceit est fait a asc [...] ̄ hōe ꝓ vn aut, issint q̄ il nad sufficientm̄t ꝑform s [...]n bargain, ou ni [...]nt performe son promise, dō (que) c [...]luy que est en tiel man̄ disceiue auera cest brief.

Auxy quant cest briefe est iudiciall il gift ou scire facias est s [...] hors de ascun Recorde ve [...]s vn & le Vicount retourne [Page] que il est garnye, ou il ne fuit garnye ou lou vn Praecipe quod reddat de plee de terre, ou Quare impedit del presentment al esglise est sue vers vn, & le vicou [...]r returne que il est summon, lou il ne fuit summon, per quel disceit & faux returne le demaundant recouer en le plaint, donques le partie greeue auera cest briefe vers celuy que recouera, & vers les summoners, & vers le vicont, donques le brief serra direct al Coroners de mesme le countie, si il continue vicount que fist le retorne.

170 Distresse.

DIstresse est le chose q̄ est prise & distraine sur ascun terre pur rent arrere, ou pur auter duitie, ou pur tort fait, coment q̄ le propertie del chose soit perteignant al estrange: Mes si sont auers que perteignont al estrange, il couient q̄ ils sont leuaunt & couchant sur m̄ le terre, cest adire [Page 69] que les auers auoyent este sur le terre per certaine space, que ils ont eux bien repose sur la terre, ou autermēt ils ne sont distreinable pur rent ou serm [...] ▪.

Et si vn distraine pur rēt ou auter chose sans cause loyal, donques le partie greeue auera vn repleuin, & sur suretie troue de pursuer son action, auera la distres a luy redeliuer. Mes sont diuers choses q̄ ne sont distrainable, viz. robe de auter home en le meason de vn Tailor, ou drape en le meason dun fuller, sheereman ou weiuer, pur ceo q̄ ils sont cō mon artificers, & que le common presumptiō est, que tiels choses ne sont perteignant al artificer, mes al auters persons que le mittont la a ouerer.

Auxi viād' nē p̄ distreinable, ne blees en sheues, sinon q̄ ils sont en vn chareot, pur ceo q̄ distres couient este toutes foits de tiel chose, dont le vicont poit faire repleuin & redeliūy en auxi bon case q̄ il fuit al temps del prisel.

[Page]Auxi hōe poit distreine pur homage de son t, pur fealtie & escuage, & auts seruic', & pur fines & amerc' que sont assesse en vn Leete, mes nemy en vn Court baron. Et auxy pur damage fesant, cest adire, quant il troue les beastes ou bn̄s des auters feasant tort ou incumbrant son terre: Mes home ne poit distraine pur ascun rēt ou chose due pur ascun terr̄, mes sur mesme le terre q̄ est charge ouesque ceo; Mes en case lou ieo veign̄ a distrainer, & lauter veyant mon purposechase les beastes, ou port le chose dehors, al intēt que ieo ne prendra ceo pur distres sur le terre, donques ieo poy bien pursue, & si ieo prise ceo maintenant en le hault chimin ou en auter soyle, le prisel est loyal, auxy bien la cōe sur la terre charge a quecunque la propertie des biens sont.

Auxi pur fines & amerciam̄ts q sōt assesse en vn leete, vn port touts foites prēder les bn̄s celuy que [Page 70] est issint amerce, en quecun (que) soile que ils sont deins le iurisdiction del court vt dicitur. Et quant vn ad prise vn distres, il coment a luy de amesner ceo al common pound, ou auterment il poit garder en ouert lieu, issint q̄ il done notice al partie, que il (si le distres soit viue auers) poit doner a luy viand, & donques si le auers morust pur default de viand, celuy que [...]t distrein serra a le pard, & donques lauter poit distraine auterfoits pur mesme le rent on du [...]tie. Mes sil amesn [...] le distres a vn forslet, ou hors del countie, q̄ le vicont ne poit biē faire deliuerāce sur repleuin, dō q̄s le partie sur le retorne del vicont aūa vn briefe de Withernam direct al Vicont, q̄ il prendra tant de ses auers, ou tant des biēs lauter en son garde, tanque il ad fait deliuerāce de la primer distres. Auxi sisōt en vn forslet ou castel, le vicont poit prē der oue luy le power del [Page] Countie, & abater le castel. Come appiert per lesta. W. 1. cap. 17. Ideo vide Statutum.

171 Diuorce.

DIuorce issint appel de Diuortium, veniēs del verbe Diuerto, que signifie deretorner arere, cest est vse en ley quant vn home est seperate de sa feme, il luy retorne arrere a sa pere ou auter amies, ou a luy ou il luy ad, & per tiel diuorce le marriage est defeate & distroy.

172 Donor & Donee.

DOnor est celuy q̄ done terres ou tenements al auter en taile, & celuy a que il est done est appel Donee.

173 Double plee.

DOuble plee est lou le defendant ou tenant en ascun action pled vn plee en que deux matters sont comprehendus, & chescū per luy mesme est vn sufficient barre ou respons al action, donques tiel double plee ne serra admit pur plee, sinon q̄ vn depend sur lauter, & en [Page 71] tiel case si il ne poyt auer le darrein plee sans le primer plee, donq̄s tiel double plee serr̄ bien suffer.

Dower.

DOwer est vn briefe & gist lou home est sole seisie durant le couerture perenter luy & sa feme, de terres ou tenemēts en fee simple ou fee taile, lou ꝑ possibility le issue enter eux poient enherite, si tiel hōe deuie sa feme recouera la tierce part de touts les tres dont le baron suit sole seisi ascun tēps durant le couerture ꝑ briefe de Dower vnde nihil habet mesque il ne morust seisie, & mes (que) il ad fait alienation de ceo en sa vie. Mes si hōe deuāt le statute de Vses 27. H. 8. ad terres, en queux aut hōe, ou auters homes fueront seisies a son oeps touts foits durant le couerture, & cesty a q̄ oeps ils fueront seisies deuie deuaunt le dit statute, sa feme ne serra endow.

Et aux [...] si deuant le dit Statute deux homes sont seisies de terre al oeps de [Page] vn de eux, & cestuy a que oeps &c. deuie deuant le di [...] statute, sa feme ne serra indow Auxi si feme port br̄ de dower, el recouera dammage, pur le profite incu [...]rus apres la mort le baron fil morust de ceo seisie, Mes si ascun alienation o [...] estate soit fait durant le couerture, issint que le baron ne morust seysie, donques mesqueel recouer la terre vncore el ne recouera dammages. Auxy il est vn auter briefe de dower, appel briefe de droit de dower, & gist lou feme ad recouer parte de sa dower en mesme la ville, & auter parte el est a recouer. Auxy en diuers cases fem̄ nauera dower, sicome le baron fait treason, pur que il est attaint, donque sa feme nauera dower. Auxy si el elopa de son baron ouesque vn auter home in auowtry, & si il ne soit reconcile ꝑ son baron de son bone volunt sans cohersion d [...]l Esglise, el ne serra endowe.

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Droit.

DRoit, est lou vn ad chose que fuit toll de auter ꝑ torte, come ꝑ disseisin, discontinuance, ou eiectment, ou tiels semblables, & le chalenge ou claime q̄ [...]l ad, que auoit le chose, est terme droit.

Droit dentre.

DRoit dentre, est quant vn seysie de terre in fee, est de ceo disseisi: Ore le disseisee ad droit dentre en le terre, & poet quant il voile, ou il poet auer briefe de droit enuers le disseysor.

Dum non fuit compos mentis.

DVm non fuit compos mētis, est vn briefe & gist lou hōe que est hors de sō bone memory, cest adire, insane ou lunati (que), alien les terres que il ad in fee simple, & deuie, donques son heire apres son decease auera cest briefe, mes il mesme nauera cest briefe, pur ceo, que home ne serra resceu a disabler luy mesme. Auxy cest briefe puit este fait en le, per, cui, & post.

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178 Dum fuit infra aetatem.

DVm fuit infra aetatem, est vn brief & gist lou enfant deins age alien sa terre que il ad in fee simple, ou pur terme de vie, quant il vient a son pleine age il auera cest briefe, ou il puit entre sil voile: mes il couient que il soit de pleine age, iour de son briefe purchase. Auxy si enfant alien sa terre, & deuie, son issue a son pleine age aūa cest briefe ou puit enter, mes lissue nauera cest briefe deins son age.

197 Dures.

DVres, est lou vn home est garde in prison ou restraine de son libertie contrary al order de ley, & si tiel person issint esteant in dures, fait ascun especialty on obligation per reason de tiel imprisonment, tiel fait est void en le ley, & in actiō porte sur tiel especialtie il puit dire que il fuit fait per dures de [...]ō imprisonm̄t, mes si home soit arrest sur ascun action al suite [Page 73] vn auter mesque le cause del action ne soit bon ne voir, sil fait ascū obligation a vn estraunge esteāt in prison per tiel arrest, vncore il ne serra dit per dures, mes sil fait obligation a luy a que suit il fuit arrest deste discharge de tiel imprisonm̄t, donques il serra dit dures vt dicitur.

E.

Eiectione firme.

EIectione firme, vide de ceo en le title, Gard.

Eiectment de garde.

EIectment de garde, vide de ceo en le title Gardes.

Eire Iustices.

EIre Iustices, ou Itinerāt, come nous appelle eux fueront Iustices que vse de equitare de lieu al lieu per tout le Realme pur administer Iustice.

Elegit.

TEner per Elegit, est lou home ad recouer det ou damage per briefe deuers vn auter per Conusance ou en auter maner, al auera deins le [Page] an deuers luy vn briefe iudiciall nosme Elegit dauer executiō del moitie de toutes ses terres & chattels (exceptes beofes & affers a sa carues) tanque le dett ou les damages soient oustremēt leues ou paies a luy, & durant cest terme il est tenant ꝑ Elegit. Et nota sil soit ouste deins le terme il auera Ass. de nouel disseisin, & apres vn redisseisin si besoigne soit, & cest done per le estatute de Westm̄. 2. cap. 18.

Et auxi per lequitie de mesme lestatute celuy q̄ ad son estate, sil soit ouste auera assise & redisseisin si besoigne soit. Et auxi sil face ses executors & deuy, & ses executors entrōt & puis soient oustes, ils aueront per lequitie de mesme lestatute tiel action come luy mesme suisdit. Mes sil soit ouste, & puis fait ses executors & deuy, ses executors purrōt ent & sils soient estops de lour entre, ils aueront vn briefe de trespas sur lour matter & case.

[Page 74]Et nota sil face wast en tout la terre ou en parcel, lauter auera enuers luy maintenant vn briefe iudicial hors de la primer recorde appelle Venire facias ad computandum, per force de quel serra inquise sil ad leuy touts les deniers ou parcel, & sil nad leuy les deniers, donques serra inquise a quant le wast amount, & si le wast amount sinon a parcel dō ques tāts des deniers que le wast amount serra abridge de les suisdits deniers queux fueront estre leuies. Mes sil ad fait pluis wast que le auantdit summe dargent que fuit a estre leuy amount, lauter serra discharge maintenant de touts les deniers suisdits & recouera sa terre. Et pur la superfluity de wast fait oustre ceo que amount a le dit summe, il recouera ses damages single: & mesme le ley est de ses executors, & auxi de cestuy que ad son estate.

Et nota sil alien en [Page] fee, ou a terme de vie, ou en taile tout le terre ou parcell de la terre, que il tient per Elegit, si le alienation soit fait deins le terme ou apres, cestuy q̄ ad droit auera vers luy vn Ass. de nouel diss. Et couiēt que ils soient mise en lassise ambideux, auxibiē le alience come le alienor, & non obstāt que lalienor deuie maintenāt, vncore cestuy que ad droit aūa vers le alience sole Assise, come sil vst estre son simple tenant a terme de ans. Et ceo est ꝑ lequitie del Statute de Westm. 2. cap. 25. pur ceo que il nad sinon chatel en effect: & mesme le ley est de ses executours, & de cestuy que ad son estate, come est suisdit.

Et nota que en Elegit si le vicont returne que il auoit riens iour de la recognisance fait, mesque il purchase terre puis le temps, adonques le partie plaintife auera nouel briefe de auer execution de ceo: mesme le ley est de vn estatute Marchant.

[Page 75]Et nota que apres le Fieri facias vn home poyt auer le Elegit, mes non econtra, entaunt que le Elegit est de plus haut nature que le Fieri facias, Et nota que si home recouer per briefe de det & sue vn Fieri facias, & le vicount returne que le defendaunt nad ryens dont il poit faire gree a la partie, dōques le plaintife auera vn Elegit, ou vn Capias sicut alias, & Pluries. Et si vicount returne a le Capias mitto vobis corpus, & il nad riens dount il poit faire gree a la partie il ferra maunde al gayle del Fleete, & illonques demurra tanque il ad fait gree al partie, & si le vicount returne Non est muentus, adonques issera Lexigent enuers luy. Et nota que en briefe de dett port deuers person de Saint Esglise, que nad rien de lay [...]ee, & le vicount returne que il nad riens per que il poit estre summons, adonques suera le plaintife briefe [Page] al Euesque que il face vener son clerke, & Leuesque luy ferra vener per sequestration del Esglise. Et nota que si home port brief de dett & recouer, & face ses executours & deuie, ils naueront execution non obstant que al soit deins lan per vn Fieri facias.

184 Embrasour ou Embraceour.

EMbrasour ou Embraceour, est celuy q̄ quāt vn matt est en triall ꝑenter partie & party, viēt al barre oue vn del parties (aiant receiue asc' reward pur issint fair) & parle en le case, ou priu [...]r [...]t labor le iury ou stat la pur surueier ou suruiew eux ꝑ cest means de mitter eux en pauour & dout del matt. Mes homes q̄ sont erudite ē le ley, poiēt ꝑle en le cas pur lour clients.

185 Encrochment.

ENcrochm̄t, est dit quāt le seigniour ad happa seysin de pluis rent ou seruices de sou tenaunt que de droit est due, ou doet ē [...] pay o [...] fait a luy, [Page 76] Come si le tenant tient sa terre de son Sn̄r per fealtie & ii. s. rent annuelm̄t, & ore de tradife temps le Se [...]g'ad happa seisin de 3. s. rent, ou de homage ou escuage ou tiels sembl, Donques cē appel vn Encrochm̄t de cē rēt ou ser'.

Enheritance.

ENheritance, est tiel estate en terres ou tenements, ou auts choses, q̄ poient estre enherite per le heire soit ceo de estate en fee simple ou taile per discent, de ascun de ses ancestors ou per son purchase demesne.

Et enheritance est deuide ē deux sorts, cestassauoir, enheritāce corpor' & enheritāce incorporat.

Enheritance corporate sont mesuages, terres, prees, pastures, rents, & tiels semblables, que ont substance en eux mesm̄s & poient continuer tout temps. Et ceux sont appel choses corporal.

Enheritance incorporate sont aduowsons, villaines, waies, commons, courts, piscaries, que sont [Page] ou poient este appendant ou appurtenant a enheritances corporate.

167 Entre.

ENtre, est lou vn home entra en ascun terr̄ ou tenements▪ en son proper person ou auter person commandement.

Auxy sont diuers br̄es dentre queux sont en diuers maners, Vn est brief dentre sur disseisin, & cest briefe gist lou home est disseisi, il ou son heire lauantdit briefe auer [...] vers mesme le disseisor, ou ascun auter apres tenaunt del tre, Et si le disseisour alyen ou de [...]e [...]ey [...]i, donques le br̄ de Entre serra vers le heire ouesque alienee en le per▪ cest adire, en q̄ le tenant non habet ingressum nisi per tiel nosmant le disseisor, que luy auoit disseisie &c.

Et si le heire ou alience deuie seisie, ou aliena al auter, donques le briefe serra en le Per & Cui, cest adire, en que le tenant non habet ingressum nisi per tiel nosmant le heire ou le alienee del [Page 77] disseisor, cui tiel (nosmant le disseisour) il demisit, que luy per tort disseise &c.

Et si terre soit conuey ouster al plusors, ou si le primer disseisor sort disseisi, donq̄s le br de Entr̄ serra en le Post, cest adire, q̄ le tenant non habet ingressum nisi post disseisinā quel le primer disseisor fait al demandant ou son auncestor. Vide ap̄s Entre en le Per.

Briefe de Entre en le Per gist lou home est disseise de son franktenement, & le disseisor alien ou deuie seisie, & son heire entra, donques le disseisee ou son heire auera le dit briefe vers le heire le disseisor, ou vers le alienee l'disseisor, mes viuant le disseisor il poit auer Assise si il voile, & le briefe de Entre dirra, in quod A. non habet ingressum nisi per B. que illud ei dimisit, qui inde eum iniuste disseisiuit &c. Mes si le disseisor alien, & le alienee deuie seisi, ou alien ouster a vn [Page] auter, ou si le disseisor deuie, & son heire entra, & cely heir aliena ou deuie, & son heire entra, donq̄s le disseisee ou son heire auera briefe de Entre sur disseisin en le Per & Cui, Et le brief dirra, in quod idem A. non habet ingressum nisi per B. cui C. illud ei dimisit, qui iniuste &c.

Et nota bien, que nul briefe de Entre en le Per & Cui serra maintenable vers nulluy, mes lou il que est tenant soit eins per purchase ou per discent: Mes si le alienation ou discent sont deuenus hors des degrees, sur quel nul briefe poit estre fait en le Per, ne en le Per & Cui, donques serra fait en le Post, & le brief dirra, in quod A. non habet ingressum nisi post disseisinam, quam B. inde iniuste & sine iuditio fecit praef. N. vel M. proauo N. cuius haeres ipse ē.

Auxy sont v. choses que mittont le brief de Entre hors des degrees cest adire, Entrusion, Succession, Disseisin sur disseisin, [Page 78] Iudgem̄t, ou Escheat.

1 Entrusion est quant le disseisor deuie seisie, & vn estrange abata.

2 Disseisin sur disseisin est quant le disseisor est disseisie per vn auter.

3 Succession est ou le disseisor est vn home de Religion & deuie, ou est depose, & son successor entra.

4 Iudgem̄t est quant vn recouer vers le disseisour.

5 Escheat est quant le disseisor deuie sans heire, ou fait felonie, per que il est attaint, per que le seigniour entra come en son Escheat.

En touts ceux cases le disseisee ou son heire nauera brief de Entre deins les degrees en le Per, mes en le Post, pur ceo que en ceux dits cases ils ne sont eins per discent ne per purchase.

Auxy il y ad vn brief de Entre ad communem legem, & gist lou tenant a terme de vie, tenant a tm dauter vie, tenant per la curtesie, ou tenant en dower alieu & deuie, [Page] don (que) celuy en le reuersiō auer le auatdit br̄ deuers quecun (que) q̄ soit eins ap̄s en les dits tenements.

Auxy briefe de Entre in casu prouiso gist, si tenant en dower alien en fee, ou pur terme de vie, ou pur auter vie, viuant le tenant en dower, celuy en le reuersion auera le brief appel briefe de Entre in casu prouiso.

Auxy br̄ de Entre in casu consimili gist, si tenant pur terme, de vie, ou [...] per la curtesy alien en fee viuāt eux, celuy en le reuersion auera vn brief appel briefe de Entre in cō simili casu,

Auxy br̄e de Entre ad terminum qui praeterijt gist, si vn hom̄ lessa terres a vn aut put terme dans, & le tenant tient ouster son terme, dōques le lessor auera br̄ que est appel briefe de Entre ad terminum qui praeteriit.

Et auxy si terres sont lesse a vn home pur term dauter vie, & cestuy pur que vie les terres sount lesses deuie, & le lessee [Page 79] tient ouster, don (que) le lessor auera cest briefe.

Auxy briefe de Entre sine assensu capituli gist, lou vn Abbe, Prior, ou tiel que ad Couent ou common seale, aliena terres ou terements del droit de son Esglise, sans le assent del Couent ou Chapter & deuie, don (que) son successour auera cest briefe.

Auxy br̄ de Entre causa matrimonii prelocuti gist lou terres ou tenements sont done a vn home sur tiel condition, que il prendra la donour a sa feme deins certein tēps, & il ne luy espousa deins la dit temps, ou espouse auter femme, ou luy fait Preister, ou entra en religion, ou luy disable, issint q̄ il ne puit luy prender accordant a la dit cō dition, donques le seme donour & ses heires auera le dit briefe vers luy ou vers quecunque est eins en le dit teire. Auxy il couient q̄ cest conditiō soit fait per Indenture, ou auterment cest briefe [Page] ne gist, & touts ceux & auters briefes dentre poient este fait en le Per, Cui & post.

188 Entrusion.

ENtrusion, est vn briefe & gist lou tenant a terme de vie deuie seisie de certeine terres ou tenements, & vn estrange entra, celuy en la reuersion auera le dit briefe vers labator, ou vers quecunque que soit eins ap̄s lour entrusion. Auxi vn briefe de entrusion serra maintenable per le successor dun Abbe vers labatour que entre ascun terres ou tenements tempore vacationis que appent a sa Esglise per statute Marlebridge capitulo vltimo.

189 Equitie.

EQuitie, est en deux maners, diuers moulte lun del auter, & sont de contrarie effectes, car lun abridge, diminish & tolle de le letter del ley, Le auter enlarge amplifie & adde a ce o.

[Page 80]Le primer est issint define, Equitas est correctio legis generatim latae qua parte deficit, le quel correctio, del generall parols, est moult vse en nostre ley. Sicome pur example, quant acte de parliament est fait, quecun (que) que fait tiel acte serra felon, & serra mise al mort, vncore si home de non sane memorie, ou enfant de tender age que nad discretiō le fait, ils ne serront felons, ne mise al morte.

Auxi si estatute fuit fait q̄ touts persons q̄ recetteront, ou doneront maunger ou boier, ou aut ayde a cestuy q̄ faira tiel acte, serrōt accessarie a son offence, & serront mise al mort si ils conusterōt del facte, vncore lun fait tiel acte, & veigne a sa proper feme, que sciāt ceo luy receiue & done manger & boier a luy, el ne serra accessary ne felon, car en le generaltie de les dits parols del ley, cestuy de non saue memorie, ne le enfant, ne le seme, fuerent [Page] include in intent.

Et issint equitie correct le generaltie del ley en ceux cases, & les parols generals sont per equitie abridge.

Lauter equitie est defined en tiel maner. Equitas est verborum legis directio efficiens, cum vna res solummodo legis ca [...]etur verbis, vt omnia alia in equali genere, eisdē caueantur verbis: & issint quant le parolx enacte vn chose, ils enactes toutes choses que sont en semblables degrees, sicome le statute que ordeigne que en action de debt vers executors, cestuy que vient per distresse respondera, extenda per equity al administrators, car cestuy de eux que vient primes per distres respondera per equitie del dist acte, Quia sunt in aequali genere.

Issint le statute de Glocester done le action de Waste, & le punishment de ceo vers cestuy que tient pur vie ou ans, & per le equitie de ceo [Page 81] home auera actiō de wast vers cestuy q̄ [...]ien [...] fors (que) pur vn an, ou demy an▪ & vncore ceo est [...]ors d [...]l parols del estatut▪ car cestuy que tient forsque demy an ou vn an, ne [...]en [...] pur ans, mes ceo est le entent, & le parols que enact lun, per equitie enacteront lauter.

Error.

ERror, est vn briefe, & gist lou iudgement est done en le Common banke ou deuant▪ Iustice in Assise, ou deuaunt Iustice de Oyer & terminel ou deuaunt le Maior o [...] vicont de Londre [...] ou en auter Court de Recorde▪ contre le ley▪ ou for vndue ou male processe▪ donques per cel briefe, le partie greene [...] que le iudgement est done [...]uera cel briefe [...] & per [...]o causera le Record & proces destre remoue deuaunt les Iustices de bank le Roy. Et la si er [...] soit troue il serra reuerse: mes si erronious iudgement soit done en bank le Rov, [Page] donques [...] ne poit estre reuerse forsque per Parliament tanque le statute [...]

Auxy si faux iudgement [...]i [...] done en court q̄ [...]st de record▪ come en County hundred ou court ha [...] on▪ don (que) le party a [...]a b [...] de [...] iudgemēt pur faire le record vener deuant Iustice de common bank. Auxi si error soit [...]oue [...]n Leschequer [...]l serra redresse [...] le Chancelor & Tresore [...]vt patet [...] E. 3. An. 31. cap. 12.

191 Escape.

EScape, est lou vn que est [...] arrest▪ deuelgue a [...]on libertie de [...]aunt q̄ il soit deliuer ꝑ agard de ascun [...]ustice▪ on ꝑ order del ley▪ Escape est en deux sorts, [...] voluntary & negligent▪

Voluntary escape est quant vn arrest [...] aut pur felony, ou auter crime & puis celuy en q̄ custody il [...]oi [...], luy lesser ale [...] ou il veult▪ cel lesser de luy aler, est vn voluntarie escape.

[Page 82]Et si larrest de cestuy que escape fui [...] pur felony, ceo serra dit felony en cestuy que luy lessa descaper, & si pur treason il serra treason en luy, & si pur vn trespas, don (que) trespas, & sic de singulis.

Negligēt escape est quāt vn est arrest, & puis escape enconter le volunt de cestuy q̄ luy arrest▪ & ne soit [...]reshment puisue, & reprise deuaunt que le pursuor perda le view de luy, ceo serra [...] negligent Escape, non obstant q̄ cestuy hors de q̄ possession il escape luy reprist a [...]r [...] le vieu per [...]u. Auxy [...] v [...] foi [...] arrest, & puis escape & est a son libertie▪ & cestuy en que garde [...]l f [...]ist luy reprise apr [...]s, & luy amesne a le prison, vncore i [...] est escape en luy.

Auxy si vn felon so [...]t arrest per le Constable, & amesne a le garle en le county▪ & le gailer ne voit luy receiuer & le constable luy de [...]it, & le gailer aux [...], & issint il escape, cest est vn escape en le gailer pur ceo▪ que en [...]el [Page] case le gailer est tenus deluy resc [...]i [...]er per le main le Constable sans ascun precept de le Iustices de peace. Mes auterment est si vn common person arrest auter pur suspition de felony, la le gayler nest tenus de luy resce [...]ū sans precept de ascun des lustices de peace, Il y ad v [...] escap̄ auxi sans arrest, cōe si murder soit fait en le iour, & l'murderer ne soit prise, dō (que) il est escap̄ pur q̄ le vil' ou le murder fuit fait serr̄ amercie.

192 Eschete.

ESchete, est lou vn tenāt en fe [...] simple face felonie pur q̄ il est pendu, ou abiure le Realme, ou vtlage de felony, murder, ou petit treason, ou side tenant morust sans heire general ou special don (que) le Sn̄r de q̄ le terre est tenus ꝑ le tenant poit enter per voy de eschet, ou si aut home ent le Seign̄ auera vers luy vn br̄ appell br̄ de Esch [...] ▪ que [...] come semble est deriue del paroll francoys Eschien.

[Page 83]

Escuage.

EScuage, est appel en latin Scutagium, cest adire, seruitium scuti, & cesty que tient per escuage, tiēt ꝑ seruice de chiualer, & a ceo appēt gard mariage & relief, mes ceo serra entend de escuage non certeine quant lescuage courge ꝑ tout Engleterre, quant est ordeigne ꝑ tout le counsell Dengleterre que ap̄s les guerres chescun Seigniour auera certain summe de son tenant que ne fuit en le dit guer Mes si le tenant que tient dascun Seign̄ ꝑ Escuage soit oue le roy en ses guerres in Escose, & le seign̄ voit distrain luy pur Escuage il serra bon ple adire que il fuit oue le roy in Escose en le guerr̄, & ceo serra trie ꝑ le Marshal le Roy.

Et nota bn̄ q̄ home ne poit tener ꝑ escuage sinō q̄ il teign̄ ꝑ homage pur ceo q̄ escuage de Common droit treit a luy homage come il fuit Iudge in Term̄ H. 21. E. 3. ca 42 folio. 52. Auowrie 115. [Page] & nota que Escuage est vn certeine summe de argent, & doit estre leuy ꝑ le Seign̄ de ses tenāts solonque le quantity de son tenure quant le Escuage courge ꝑ tout Englet, & ordein ē per tout le coū sel denglet quant chescun tenant donera a son seignior, & ceo est ꝓperm̄t pur susteiner la guer parent Engl', & ceux de Escose, ou de Gales & nō p̄ perent auters tres, pur ceo que les auātdit terres serront de droit appendant a la roi [...]lme Dengl'. Vide Lit. lib. 2. cap. 3.

194 Esplees.

ESplees, est sicōe le seisin, ou possession dun chose profit ou commoditie que est a prender, come dun common les Esplees, est le prender del grasse ou common per les bouches de les beasts que common la: dun aduowson, de prender de grosse dismes per le person present, de boys, le vender de boys, dun orchard, le vēder de pomes ou auts fruits cressāts la, [Page 84] dun molin le prisel de toll est le esplees & de riels semblables. Et nota q̄ en briefe de droit de terre, ou aduowson ou tiels semblables, le demandāt doit alleger en son coūt, que il ou ses auncestours prise les esplees de chose en demaund, ou ante [...]m̄t le count nest bon.

Essoine.

ESsoine, est lou vn actiō est port, & le plaintife ou defendaunt ne poit bien appearer al iour in court pur vn de v. causes desouth expresses, donque il serra Essoin de sauer son default. Nota que sont v. maners de Essoins, cest adire Essoin de ouster le me [...]e, & ceo est le def▪ auera iour per xl. iours, Le seconde essoin de terra sancta, & sur ceo le def. auera iour per vn an & vn iour, & ces deux serront gist al commencement de plee, Le tierce Essoine est de male vener, & ceo serra adiorne a cōmen iour co [...] laction require, & appel le cō mon Essoin: & quant, & [Page] coment cest Essoin serra, vide les statutes & liuer de Abridgmēt de statuts lou il est biē declare▪ Auxi le iiij. Essoin De malo lecti, & ceo est solement en briefe de droit, & sur ceo issera br̄ hors de Chauncerie direct al vicoūt que il maunde iiii. Chiualers al tenant de veier le ten̄t, & sil soit malade, de doner a luy iour apres vn an & vn iour▪ Auxi le v. Essoin est de seruice le roy, & gist en touts actions forsque en Assise de Nouel disseisin, br̄ de Dower, Darrein presentment▪ & in appel de Murder, mes en cest essoin il couient al iour de monstre son garrant▪ ou auterment il tornera a vn default, sil soit en plee real, ou autment il perdera xx. [...] ▪ pur le iourney ou pluis, ꝑ le discretion del lustice, sil soit en plee personell, vt patet per le statute de Gloucest. cap. 8.

196 Estoppel.

EStoppel est quant vn est conclude & denie en ley de parler encounter [Page 85] son act ou fait demesne, nient obstant il soit pur dire le veritie.

Et de estoppels il y ad vn graund nūber, vn pur example est, quant I. S. est oblige en vn obligation per le nosme de T. S. ou ascun auter nosme, & est sue apres accordant al mesme le nosme mis en lobligation, cest adire T. S. ore il ne serra receiue adire que il est misnosme, mes serra chase a respōd' accordāt al nosme mis en lobligation, cest adire T. S. car ꝑaduenture lobligee ne scauoit pas son nosme, mes de le report tantsolem̄t del obligor mesme, & entant que il est mesme le home que fuit oblige, il ferra estoppe & denie en ley pur adire le contrary enconter son fait demesne, car [...]uterm̄t il poit prēder aduātage de son tort deme [...]ne, le q̄l le ley ne voit suffrer vn home de faire.

Auxy si le file que est heire a son pere voit suer liuerie ou [...] sa soer que est vn bastard, el ne serra [Page] apres receiue pur dire q̄ sa soer est vn bastard, entant que si la bastard soer prist le moitie del terre oue luy, il nad remedie per le ley.

Auxy [...] vn home seisie de terre en fee simple voit prender vn lease pur ans de mesme le terre de vn estranger per fait endent cest vn estoppel durant le terme de ans, & le lessee est per ceo barre adire le veritie, car le veritie est, que il q̄ lessa la terre nad riens [...]n ceo al temps del lease fait, & q̄ le fee simple fuit en luy que prist le lease: Mes ceo il ne serra receyue adire tanque apres les ans serra determine, pur ceo q̄ il appiert que il ad estate pur ans, & il fuit son folie de prender vn lease de ses terres demesne, & pur ceo serra issint puni [...] pur son folie.

197 Estraungers.

EStraungers sont ascun foits prise ils, q̄ ne sont parties ne priuies al fine leuie, ou fesans de vn fait, ascū foits [...]ls que sont nee ouster de mere.

[Page 76]

Estray.

EStray, est lou ascun beast ou cattell est en ascun seigniorie, & nul conust le owner de ceo, donques il serra seisie al oeps le Roy, ou de le seignior que ad tiel estray per graunt le Roy ou per prescription, & si le owner vient & faite claime a ceo deins an & iour, donques il le reauera, ou autermēt ap̄s le an le propertie de ceo serra al Seigniour▪ issint que le Seigniour face proclamation de ceo accordant a le ley.

Estrepment.

EStrepment est vn brief, & gist lou vn est implede per vn Praecipe (que) reddat pur certain terre, si le demandāt suppose que le tenant voile faire wast pendant le plea, il auera vers luy▪ cest briefe q̄ est vn prohibition, luy commandant q̄ il ne face wast pendant le plee.

Et cest briefe gist properment lou [...]n home demand tre per Formedon, ou brief de droit, ou tiels [Page] briefes lou il ne recouer damage, car ē tiels briefs lou il recouera damages, il auera ses damages, ayant regard al wast fait.

200 Etate probanda.

ETate probanda, est vn br̄ doffice, & gist pur le heir le tenant q̄ tient del Roy in capite, pur prouer q̄ il ē de plein age, direct al Vicour pur enquirer de son age, & donques il demendra tenant al Roy per mesme les seruices q̄ son ancestor fist al Roy: Mes il est dit, q̄ chescun q̄ passera en cest enquest serra del age de xlii. ans al meins issint que il fuit de pleine age al temps quant cestuy que suist le briefe fuit nee.

201 Excommengement.

EXcommengement, est adire ē Latin Excōmunicatio, & est lou vn hōe per la iudgm̄t en Court christian est excōmenge, donq̄s [...]l est disable de suer ascun actiō en court le Roy, & sil remaine excommenge xl. iours, & [Page 87] ne voile este iustifie per son Ordinarie, [...]donques le Euesque mandera son letter al Chauncelour de certificer le excommunication ou contempt, & sur ceo serra commaund al Vicount de prendre le corps lexcommenge per vn briefe appel Excommunicato capiendo, ius (que) il ad fait grce al saint Esglise, pur le contempt & torte, & quant il est iustifie, & ad fait gree donque leuesque maunde ra la letter al Roy, certifiant ceo [...] & donques serra maunde al viscount de luy deliuer per vn briefe appel Excōmunicato deliberando.

Exchange.

EXchaunge, est lou vn hōe est s [...]isi de certein terre, & vn auter home est seisi de auter tre, si ils ꝑ vn fait endent, ou sans fait si le terres, sont ē vn coū tie, exchange lour terres, issint que chescun de eux auera auters terres, a luy issint exchange en fee, en fee taile, ou a tm [...] de v [...] ceo est appel vn exc [...]ebtor [Page] [...] [Page 84] [...] [Page] [...] [Page 85] [...] [Page] [...] [Page 76] [...] [Page] [...] [Page 87] [...] [Page] & est bone sans liuery & seisin.

Auxy in exchange il couient que les estates a eux limitte per lexchāge sont egalles, car si vn ad estate en fee in sa terre, & lauter ad estate in aut tre fors (que) pur terme de vie, ou en taile, donques tiel exchange est voide, mes si les estates sont egalles, & ses terres ne sont de egal value, vncore lexchange est bone. Auxy vn exchange de rent pur terre est bone. Auxy exchange inter rent & commen est boue, & ceo couiēt este ꝑ fait. Auxy il coment touts foi [...]s q̄ cest parol exchāg soit in le fait ou auterm̄t rien passa per le fait sinon q̄ il aiet liuerie & seysin.

203 Execution.

EXecutiō, est lou iudgment est done en ascun action que le plaintif recouera la ter [...]e, le det ou dammages, come le case est, & q [...]t ascun briefe est agarde de luy mitter en possession, ceo est appel [...] ▪ [...] execution▪ & quāt [...] le possession de le [Page 88] terre, ou est pay de det ou damages, ou ad le corps le defendāt agard al prison, donques il ad execucion, & si le ple soit en County, o [...] Court Baron, ou hundred, & ils alienōt le execution del iudgement in fauour de party ou per au [...] encheason, donque le demandant auera brief de Executione iudicii. Nota q̄ en brief de det, hōe nauera recouery de nul terre, mes de ceux que le defendant auoit iour de iudg [...]t rendu. Et de chateux home aūa execution solement des chateux, q̄u [...] il auoit iour de execution sue.

Executor.

EXecutor, est q [...]t home fuit son testament & darre in volunte, & in ceo nosma le person que executera son testam̄t, donq̄ cesty que est issint nosm̄ est son executor, & est a tant come en le ciuil ley (heres designatus vel testamētarius) cōe al debts, biens & chattels son testator, & tiel executor aūa actiō vers chescū debtor [Page] de son testator, & si lexecutors ad assets, chescun a q̄ le testator fuit in debt, auera action vers lexecutors sil ad obligation ou espec [...]ltie, mes in chescun case lou le testator puissoit gager son ley [...]nul action gist vers execution [...] Vide pluis de ceo deuant titulo Administrators.

205 Exigent.

EXigent, est vn briefe, & gist lou home sue action ꝑsonel, & le defendāt ne puit [...] tro [...]e ne ad riēs deins le countie, ꝑ que il pui [...] [...] attach [...] ne distrein donq̄s cest briefe issera al Viscount de faire proclamatiō al v [...]counties chescun apres auter qu [...] il appearer ou auterment que [...]l serra vtlag [...]: & si soit vtlage, donques touts ses biens & chateu [...] sont forfaites al Roy. Auxy en vn enditement de felony le exigent [...]sse [...]a apres le primer capias. Et auxy en capias ad computandum ou ad satisfaciendū, & en chescun capias que issist apres iudgement [Page 89] lexigent issera apres le primer Capias. Et auxy en appeal de mort, mes nemy en appel de robbery ou appel de maim.

Ex parte talis.

EX parte talis, Vide de ceo deuant titulo Accompt.

Ex graui querela.

EX graui querela, Vide de ceo deuant titulo Deuise.

Extinguishment.

EXtinguishment, est lou ascun seign̄, ou asc▪ aut ad ascun rent ou seruice issant dascun terre, & il purchase mesme la terre, issint que il ad tiel estate en la terre, come il auoyt en le rent, donq̄s le rent est extincte▪ pur ceo que vn ne puit auer rent issant hors de son tre demesne. Auxy qn̄t ascun rent serra extient, il couient que le terre & le rent sont en vn maine, & auxi q̄ lestate q̄ il ad ne soit defesibl': & auxi q̄ il ad auxi bō estat ē le tre cōe en le rent, car sil ad estat [...]n le tre fors (que) pur tme de vie ou dās, & ad vn fee simpl en le rēt [Page] donq̄s le rēt nest extinct, mes le rent est en suspēce pur cel temps, & don (que) apres le terme le rent est reuiue. Auxi si soit Seigniour, mesne & tenant, & le seignior purchase la tenancie, donque le mena [...]tie est extinct, mes le mesne aūa le surplusage del rēt, si asc▪ soit cōe rent secke. Auxi si hōe ad chymin appendant & puis purchase le terre en q̄ le chymin est, donques le chymin est extinct, & auxi est de vn comen append'.

209 Extortion.

EXtortion, est vn tort fait ꝑ vn officer, Ordinarie, Archdeac▪, Official, Maior, Bailife, Vicount, Escheator, southuicount, Coroner, gailer ou auter officer, Colore offic [...]j sui en prendrās excessiue reward ou fee, pur execution de son dit office, ou auterm̄t, & nest aut chose in fait, que plaine robberie, mes plus odible que robberie, car robberie est apparant, & tout temps ad oue luy le countenance de vice, mes extortion [Page 90] esteant cy haut vice, come robberie est port oue luy vn countenāce de vertue, per reason de quel ilē le plus dure deste [...]rie, ou discerne, & pur ceo le plus odibile, & vncore ascuns il y ad que ne valiēt demu [...], mes stretch lour office, credite, & conscience pur purchaser money, cibien per extortion, come auterment, accordant al disans de le Poet Virgil, Quid non mortalia pectora cogit, auri sacra fames?

F.

Failer de Record.

FAiler de Recorde, est q [...]t vn action est porte enuers vn, & le defendant plede ascun matter de Record en auter sort & aū de ceo ꝓue ꝑ le Record. Et le pl▪ dit nul tiel Record, sur que le def. ad iour dōe a luy, pur amesner eins le Recorde, a quel iour il faile, ou amesne eyns vn tiel que nest barre al cest action, donques il est dit de failer de record, & sur ceo [Page] le plaintife auera iudgement de recouer &c.

211 Fait.

FAit est vn escript enseal & deliuer a prouer & testifie de le agreement del partie quel fait il est, al chose containe en le fait, Come vn faite de feoffement est vn proue del liuerie de seysin, car le terre passa per le liuerie de seisin, mes quant le faite & le liuerie est ioynt ensemble cest vn proue del liuerie, & que le feoffour est content que le feoffee auera le terre. Et nota que touts faites sont ou indent, de quel y sont deux, troys, ou plusors parties, come le case require, de que le feoffour, grauntour, ou lessour ad vn, le feoffee, grauntee, on lessee, vn auter, Et peraduenture ascun auter person auxy, vn auter &c. Ou auterment ils sont faites poll, ou single & forsque vn, le quel le feoffee, grauntee, ou lessee, ad &c. Et chese▪ fait consist de trois [Page 91] principall choses (& sils trois ne sont ioyne ensemble, il nest perfect fait de lier les parties) nosm̄t, escripture, sigillation, & deliuerie.

Le primer point est escripture, per que est declare les nosmes del parties al fait, lour habitation, lour degrees, le chose graunt, sur queux considerations, lestate limit, le temps quant il suit graunt, & si simplement, ou sur condition, oue auters tiels semblables circumstances. Mes si les parties al fait, escript en le fine lour nosmes demesne, ou mise a ceo lour marks (come il est communem̄t vse) il ne fait ascū matt (cōe [...]eo suppose) car ceo nest entende, ou il est dit, que chescun faite couiēt de auer escripture.

Le second point est sigillation, que est plus testimonie de lour consents al ceo containe en le faite, come appiert per ceux parolx. In cuius re [...] testimonium &c. ou a tiel effect mise en le [Page] fine de faits, sans qux parols, le fait est insufficiēt. Et pur ceo q̄ nous sumus en sigillation & signing de faits, il ne serra dehors icy a monstre a vous, pur Ie amour de antiquitie, le manner del signing & subscribing de faites en nostre auncestors le Saxons temps, vn fashion different de ceo que nous vse en ceux nostre iouis, en ceo que ils a lour faits subscribe lour nosmes, (communement adding le signe del Crosse) & en le fine mise vn graunde number des testmoignes nient vsant a cel temps ascun maner de sigill. ▪Et nous a cest [...]our pur plus suertie, aux [...]bn̄ subscribe nostre nosme (ment obstant ceo nest mult necessarie come [...]eo aye deuāt dit) & mis nostre sigilles, & vse le aide destesmoignes auxy. Cest primer fashion continue per tout, tanque al temps del Conquest per les Normans, que maners per petite & petite al darraine preuaile enter nous, car le primer [Page 92] charter sigil en Engl▪ est pense destre ceo del Roy Edward le Confessor al Abbe de West▪ que esteant educate en Normandie, port en cest Realme ceo, & ascun aut de lour guises. Et apres le venians de Guilliam le Conquereur, les Normans, estimans de le custom de lour pays, (come naturalment touts nations font) reiect le maner que ils tro [...]ont cy, & reteignōt lour proper, co [...]e Ingulphus le Abbot de Croyland, que vient eins oue le Conquest tesmoigne, dicens: Norman [...] cheriographorum confectionem, cum crucibus aure [...]s, & aliis signaculis sacris in Ang. firmari solita in caera impress. mu [...]āt, modū q̄ scr [...]bendi Anglicum re [...] ciunt. Mes ment obstant ceo ne fuit f [...]t tout al vn temps, mes il encrease & vient eins ꝑ certein steps & degrees, issint que p [...] mes & pur vn season [...]e Roy solement, ou vn peu auters de le Nobilitie ouster luy vse de sigiller. [Page] Don (que) le nobl▪ homes pur le plus part, & nul auters, quel chose vn home poit veyer en le Historie de Battel Abbey, ou Richard Lucy chiefe Iustice de Engleterre, en le temps del roy Henry le second, est report de auer blame vn meane subiect, pur ceo que il vse vn priuat sigil, quant ceo pertaine (come il dit) al roy & Nobilitie solement.

A quel temps auxy (come I. Rosse note ceo) ils vse de ingraue en lour sigils, lour pictures demesne, & counterfaits, couer oue longe tunicle super lour Armors. Mes apres ceo les Gentlehomes del meliour sort prist le fashion, & pur ceo que ils ne fueront toutes gouernors, ils fesoyent sigilles engraue oue lour seuerall coates ou shields de armes, pur difference, come mesme le aucthour report. Al darraine, in temps del roy Edward le iii▪ sigils fueront mult common, issint que non solement tiels, que portāt [Page 93] armes vse de sigiller, mes auters hōes auxy fesoyent al eux mesmes signets de lour deuise demesne ascuns prendrans les letters de lour nosmes demesne, ascūs flowers, ascūs knots & florishes, ascūs au [...]s ou beasts, & ascuns auts choses, cōe noꝰ ore vnc' iournalmēt veiomus en vse.

Ascuns auters maners de sigillation ouster ceux ad estre oye enter nous, come nosment ceo del roy Edw. le iii. per que il done al Norman le hunter: Le hop & le hopville, oue touts les boūds vpside downe, & en tesmoigne que il soit veray, il morde le cere oue son fonge dent.

Le sēblable de cest fuit monstre a moy per vn de mes amies en vn lose chart▪ mes non mult auncientm̄t escript, & pur ceo il voil moy q̄ ieo esteema de ceo cōe ieo pense bn̄: Il fuit come ensuist.

Ieo Guilliam King, done a vous Powlen Royden, ma hop & ma hop terres, oue touts les [Page] bounds vp & downe, de coelo al terre, de terre ad infern̄, pur toy & vestres a demurrer, de moy & mes, al [...]oy & vestres, pur vn arck & vn brode sagit, quāt ieo veign̄ pur hunter sur yarrow. In [...]esmoign̄ q̄ ceo est veray, ieo morde cest cere oue mon dent, in presence de Magge, Maude, & Margerie, & mon tierce fits Henrie.

Item ceo de Alberic de Veer, conteignant le donation de Hatfield, al q̄l il fixe vn curt noier haft cuttel, semblable al vn vieux demy denier whittle, en steede de vn seale, oue diuers tielx semblables.

Mes ascun peraduenture voylent pense que [...]ux fuerount receyue [...]n common vse & custome, & que ils ne fueront les deuises & pleasures dun peu singuler persons, tiels quels ne sont meines deceiue, que ils que pensont chescun charter & escript que ne ad sigille annex, deste cy auncient come le Conquest, lou en veritie [Page 94] sigillation ne fuit cōmunemēt vse tan (que) al temps del roy Edward le tierce, come ad este dit.

Le tierce pointest deliuerie, quel nient obstant il soit mis darrein, nest le meanest, car apres que vn fait soit escript & sigil fil ne soit deliuer, tout le residue est a nul purpose.

Et cest deliuerie doit estre fait per le party luy mesme, ou son sufficient garrāt, & issint il luy liera quecunque escript ou sigille ceo, & per cest darraine acte, le fait este fait perfect, accordant al entent & effect de ceo, & pur ceo en faits le deliuerie est destre proue &c.

Issint pores veyer que escripture & sigillation sans deliuerie est a nul purpose, Que sigillation & deliuerie lou nest ascun escripture, work nul chose, Ne escripture & deliuerie sans sigillation auxy fait nul fait. Et pur ceo ils touts doiēt [...]ointment concurre pur faire vn perfect fait, come est auantdit.

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212 Farme ou Ferme.

FArme ou Ferme est specialment le chiefe mesuage en vn village ou towne a que appertient graūd demeanes de touts sortes, & ad este vse deste lesse pur terme de vie, ans, ou a volunt.

Itē le rent q̄ est reserue sur tiel lease ou sembl', est appel farme ou ferme.

Et farmor ou fermor, est celuy que occupia le farme ou ferme, ou est lessee de ceo.

Auxy generally chescū lessee pur vie, ans, ou al volūt, nient obstant il soit dū petit cottage, ou mes. ē appel farmor ou fermor

Et nota, que ils sont appels farmes, ou fermes, del Saxon paroll, Feormian, que signifie pur feede, ou render victual▪ Car en auncient tempes, lour reseruations fuer cy bien (ou pur le plus ꝑt) en victuall come argent, tanque al darraine, & ceo principalmēt en le temps del Roy H. le primer (per agreement) le reseruatiō de victuals, fuit conuert [Page 95] en ready argent, & issint vncore ad continue enter plusors homes.

Faux imprisonment.

FAux imprisonment, est vn brief, & gist lou hōe est arrest & restraine de sō libertie ꝑ vn auter encounter order de ley, dō ques il aūa vers luy cest briefe per q̄ il recouera damages: Vide plus de ceo deuant titulo arrest.

Faux iudgment vide de ceo deuant titulo error.

Fee ferme.

FEe ferme, est quant vn tenāt tient de son seignior en fee simple rendāt a luy le value del moitie ou de tierce parte, ou quart part, ou de auter parte del terre, per an, & que tient en fee ferme ne doit paier reliefe ou faire auter chose, mes sicōe est contein en le feoffement fors (que) fealty, car ceo appēt a touts man̄s tenures.

Fee simple.

FEe simple, est quant ascun person tient terre ou rent ou auter chose inheritable a luy & a ses heirs a touts iours, ceux [Page] parols ses heires font lestat denheritance, car si terre soyt done a home a touts iours, vnquore il nad forsque estate pour terme de vye. Auxy si tenant en fee simple deuie, son primer fites serra son heire, mes fil nad fits, dō ques touts les files que il ad serront son heire, & chescun auera son parte ꝑ partition, mes sil nad fits ne file, donques son procheyn cosin collater▪ de lētier sank serr̄ son heire.

216 Feoffment.

FEosment, est lou vn don terre, ou tiel chose corporall hereditable a vn auter in fee simple, & de ceo deliuer seisin & possession del tre ceo est vn feoffment. Auxy si vn fait done in le taile ou leas pur terme de vie, ou pur terme dauter v [...]e, il couient auxy de don̄ liuery & seisin, ou auterment riens passera per le graunt.

217 Feoffor & feffee.

FEffor, est celuy que enfeoffe, ou fait feoffem̄t al auter de terres ou tenements en fee simple. Et [Page 96] feffee est celuy, q̄ est enfeoffe, ou a q̄ le feoffmēt est issint fait.

Fealtie.

FEaltie, est vn seruice appel en latin Fidelitas, & serra fait in tiel māners. le ten̄t tiendra sa mayne dexter sur vn liuer, & dira a son seign̄. Ieo a vous serra foyal & loyal, & foy vous portera des tenements que ieo claime de tener de vous, & loyall vous serra les costumes & seruices que faire vous doye al termes assignes, sicome moy eyd dieu. Et basera la liuer, mes il ne genulera, come en fesant Homage: Et de ceo [...]ide apres en le title homage. Auxy fealty est incident a touts maners tenures.

Felony.

FElony, est vn generall terme, que comprehend diuers hainous offences, pur que loffendors doient suffer mort, & perder lour terres: Et semble que eux sont appels felonies del latin parol Fell, q̄ est Angloys gall, en Francoys Fiel: [Page] Ou del▪ auncient paroll angloys Fell ou fierce, ou pur ceo que sont entend deste faits felleo [...]īo, with bitter, fell, fierce, ou mischeuous mind. Et ascun de ceux sont, quant home sans ascun colour de ley, emb ley les biens dun aut amountant al value de xii. d. ou plus, ceo est larceny, mes si vn approcha a le person vn auter en le chimin, & luy robba de ses biens, mesque ils ne sont forsque al value de vn denier, il est felonie, & ceo est appel robberie, & pur ceo il serra pendu.

220 Fireboote.

FIreboote, est necessarie boys pur arder, quel per le comon ley, lessee pur ans, ou pur vie, poet prender en son terre, nient obstant il ne soit expresse en son lea [...], & niēt obstant il soit vn leas per parol tantum sans fayte: Mes sil prist plus que besoigne, il serra punic en wast.

221 Fledwite.

FLedwite, hoc est quietū esse de amerciamentis [Page 97] cum quis vtlagatus fugitiuus veniat ad pacē domini Regis sponte, vel licentiatus.

Flemeswite.

FLemeswite, hoc est quod habeatis cattalla siue amerciamēta hominis vestri fugitiui.

Fletwit.

FLetwit (ou Flitwit) hoc est quietū esse de contentione & conuictis, & quod habeatis placitū inde in curia vestra, & amerciamēta, qa (flit) Anglice est Tensone gallice.

Forstall.

FOrstall, hoc est quietum esse de amerciamentis & cattallis arrestatis infra terram vestrā, & amerciamenta inde prouementia.

Forstaller.

FOrstaller est celuy que achate blees, auers, ou aut marchādize quecū (que) est vēdible per le chimin quāt il vient al markets, faires, ou tiels sēbl' lieus deste vend' al entent que il poit vender ceo auterfoites al vn plus haut & chare pryce, en praeiudice [Page] & damage de le cō mō weale & people &c.

Le penaltie pur ceux queux sont cōuict de ceo, est le prim̄ temps imprisonm̄t per i [...]. mois, & ꝑde le value del chose vend.

Le second temps, imprisonment per space de demy an, & ꝑdra le double value des biēs &c. Le tierce temps, imprisonm̄t durant le pleasure le roy, & iudgment del pillory, & forfeite touts ses biens & chattels. Vide lestatute 5. E. 6. cap. 14.

226 Franches Royal.

FRanches Royal, est lou le Roigne graunt al vn & a ses heires que ils serront quite de tolnet, vel huiusmodi.

227 Frankalmoigne.

FRankalmoigne, est lou en auncient temps terres fuerōt dones a vn Abbot & son couent, ou a vn Dean & le chapter, & a lour successors in pure & perpetual almoigue sauns expresse ascun seruice certeine, ceo est frankealmoigne, & ils sont tenus deuaunt dieu [Page 98] de faire orasons & praiers pur le donour & ses heires, & pur ceo ils ne ferront fealtie, & si tiels q̄ ont terres in franke almoigne ne font ascun praiers ne deuine seruice pur les almes le donor, ils ne serront ꝑ les donors a ceo cōpelles, mes pur ceo ils poient complaine al Ordinarie, luy prayant q̄ tiel negligence ne soit pluis auant, & Lordinarie de droit ceo doit fair̄.

Mes si vn Abbe &c. tient terres de son Seignior pur certeine deuine seruice de estre fait, come de chaunter chescun venderdie vn masse, ou de faire aut chose certeine, si tiel deuine seruice ne soit fait le Seign̄ poit distreiner, & en tiel case labbe doit faire a le Seign̄, fealtie, & pur ceo il nest pas dit tenure in franke almoigne, mes tenure ꝑ deuine seru', car nul poit tener in frāk alm', si soit exp̄sse ascū certeine seruice.

Franke fee.

TEner en franke fee, est a tener en fee simple [Page] terres pleadable a la common ley, & nient en auncient demesne.

229 Formedone.

FOrmedone, est vn brief & gist lou tenant en le taile enfeoffa vn estrange ou est disseise & deuye, le heire auera briefe de Formedone pur recouer la terte, mes sont trois briefes de Formedone, vn est in le discēder, & ceo est in le case auant dit. Auxy si vn done tre in le tayle, & pour default dissue le remainder a vn auter in la taile, & que put default de tiel issue, la terre reuertera al donour, si le primer tenant in le tayle deuie sans issue cestuy en le remainder auera vn br̄ de Formedone en le remainder, mes si le ten̄t en le taile deuie sans issue, & cesty ē le remainder auxi deuy sans issue, dōques le donor ou ses heires aūa vn formdon in le reūter.

230 Fieri facias.

FIeri facias est vn briefe iudiciall, & gist lou home recouera debt ou dammages in Court le [Page 99] Roy, dōques il auera cest briefe al vicount luy cō mandāt q̄ il leuie le debt & les damages des biens celuy q̄ ad perdus, & gist touts foites deins lan & iour, & ap̄s lan luy couient de suer vn scire facias, & sil soit garne, & ne viēt al iour &c. ou sil vient & ne scauoit riē dire, donqs celuy que recouera auera br̄ de fieri facias direct al vicont que il face luy auer execution de iudgement.

Mes si home recouera vers vn feme & el prist baron deins lan & le iour donques il couient que cesty que recouera auera Scire facias vers le baron.

Auxy est si Abbot on Prior recouer & deuie, sō successor deins lan auera Scire facias. Vide de ceo plus in la title Scire facias, & title Execution.

Fine.

FIne ascun foits est prise pur vn summe dargent quel ascun est de payer al roy pur ascū cōtempt ou offence cōmit ꝑ luy▪ quel fine, chescun que commit ascū trespas ou que est cō uict, [Page] que il fauxm̄t deny son fait, ou fesoit asc▪ chose en contempt del Roy, paiera al roy, quel est appell Fine al Roy. Ascun foits Fine est pr [...]se pur vn speciall concord, quel est ewe enter ascuns persons touchant ascun terre, ou rent ou auter chose, dont ascun suit, ou brief est enter eux pendant en ascun court, q̄l poit ee in diuers maners. Lun est quant lou party reconust ceo este le droit del auter come ceo q̄ il eit del done cestuy q̄ fesoit le re [...]onusans, quel toutes foits suppose vn feoffem̄t p̄cedent & ē dit Fine execute: ou si il reconust ceo deste le droit del aut omittant les parols (come ceo q̄ il eit de son done) quel esteāt fine sur conusauns de droit tantum, si soit leuy a cestuy q̄ eit le franktenem̄t del terre est Fine sur release. Et si cesty que ceo conust est scisi, & celuy a que est leuy neit le frāktenement del terre, donques est dit fine executorie, quel [...]estuy a q̄ le tre [Page 100] est conus poit executer ꝑ Entre ou ꝑ Scire facias.

Et a [...]c▪ foits tiel sine sur conusans de droit tantū est pur sa [...]e vn surrēder, lou en ceo est repeat, que le reconusor eit estat pur vie▪ & lauter en reuersion.

Et asc▪ foits ceo est ew de passer vn reuersiō, lou particular estate est recite deste en auter, & q̄ le reconusor voit que le auter auera le reuersiō, ou que le terre remain̄ al auter apres le particular estate finie.

Et ascun soits celuy a q̄ le droit est conus, come ceo que il ad del done le reconusor, rēdra le terre, ou vn rent hors de ceo al conusor. Et a [...]cun [...]o [...]ts pur lent [...]r fee. Asc [...]n foites pur particular estate oue remaind▪ ou remainders ouster. Et ascun [...]u [...] reseruation del r [...]nt [...] ou [...] distres & gr [...] d [...] ceo ouster per mesme [...]ine.

Et est appel fine quia ꝑ ceo le su [...] est determine, & si ceo soit record one proclamation, ceo barr̄ estrangers.

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232 Franke mariage.

FRank mariage, est quāt vn home seisi de terres en fee simple done ceo al auter home & a sa feme que est file, soer ou autm̄t de kin al donour) en frankmariage, ꝑ vertue de queux parolx ils ount vn estate en speciall taile, & tiendra le terre del donour quit de touts manners de seruices tanque le iiij. degree soit passe, accountants eux mesmes in le primer degree, sinon fealtie, queux ils fieront, pur ceo que il est incidēt a toutes tenures forsque franke almoigne. Et tiel done poit estre fait cybien apres mariage solemnise, come deuant. Et home poit doner terres a son fits in frankmariage come a sa file, per le opinion de Master Fitzherbert en son brief de Chā pertie. H.

Mes il appiert auterment en Master Littletō, & en Master Brooke titulo Frankmariage, Pla. 10. Et issint il fuit tenus clere [...] Graies Inne ē Lent, An. [Page 101] 1576. 18. Eliz. per le Wor. Master Rhodes donques lector la.

Franktenement.

FRanktenemēt, est vn estate que home ad en terres ou tenements, ou profit a prendre en fee simple, taile, pur terme de son vie demesne, ou pur terme dauter vie, en dower ou per le curtesie Dangleterre▪ Et south ceo il ne est franktenem̄t, car il que ad estate pur ans, ou tient a volunt nad asc▪ franktenement, mes ils sont appel chattels.

Et de franktenem̄ts il y ad deux sorts, cē ascauoir franktenement en fait, & franktenement en ley.

Franktenem̄t en fait est qūt vn hōe ad entred en tres ou tenem̄ts, & est seisie de ceo realm̄, actualm̄t & en fait: Si come le pere seisi de terres ou ten̄ts en fee simple deuie, & son fits enter en eux cōe heire a son pere, donques il ad vn franktenement en fait per son entrie.

Franktenem̄t en ley, est quant terres ou tenem̄ts [Page] sont discendus al vn hōe, & il poit enter en eux quant a luy plest, mes nad vncore fait son entrie en fait, come en le case auant dit, si le pere esteant seisie de terre en fee simple deuie seisi, & ils discend▪ a son fites, mes le fites nad vncore enter en fait en eux, ore deuant sō entrie il ad vn franktenement en ley.

234 Freshsuit.

FReshsuit, est quant vn home est robbe, & le party issint robbe, pursua le felon immediatment, & luy prist oue le manner, ou auterment & dō ques port vn appeale enuers luy, & luy conuince del felonie per verdicte, le quel chose esteant enquire pur le Roigne & troue, le partie robbe aūa restitut▪ de ses biēs arrer̄.

Item il poit este dit, que le partie fait Freshsuit, nient obstant il ne prist le felon presentment, mes que il soit demy an ou vn an apres le robberie fait, deuant que il soit prise, si soit issint que le partie [Page 102] robbe fait tant que en luy est, ꝑ diligent enquirie & serch de luy prēder, nient obstant q̄ il est prise ꝑ vn auter home, vncore ceo serra dit bone freshsuit.

Et issint freshsuit est quant le Seignior vient pur distreiner pur rent ou seruice, & le owner des beastes fait rescous, & enchase eux en auters terre que nest tenus del seign̄, & le seignior ensue presentment, & reprist eux, cest appel freshsuit. Et issint en auter semblables cases.

G.

Gager de deliuerance.

GAger de deliuerance est, lou vn sua Repleuin de biens prise, mes il nad deliuerie des biens, & lauter auowa, & le plaintife monstra▪ que le defendant est vncore possesse des biens &c. & pria que le defendant gagera deliuerance, donques il mittera eins suertie ou pledge pur le redeliuerance, [Page] & vn briefe issera al Vicont pur redeliuerer les bn̄s &c. Mes si home clayme propertie, il ne gagera deliuerance.

Auxy sil dit q̄ les auers sont morts en le pound, il ne gagera &c.

Auxy home ne gagera iammais le deliueraunce auant q̄ ils soyent a issue, ou demurrer en ley, vt dicitur.

236 Garrantie des charters.

GArrantie des charters, est vn brief, & gist lou ascun fait est fait q̄ comprehend clause de garr̄. s. dedi ou concessi, ou cest parol Warrantizabo, & si le t soit implede per vn estrange si soit en Ass. ou tiel action lou il ne poit vouch a garrant, don (que) il auera cē br̄ vers son feoffor ou son heir, & si le tre soit recoū vers luy, il recouera tant del tre en value vers cestuy que suist le garr̄. Mes cest br̄e couient este sue pendant le prim̄ br̄ vers luy, ou autmētal ad ꝑde sō auātage.

[Page 103]Auxy sur garrantie en ley, come sur homage auncestrel, ou sur rent reserue sur lease a terme de vie, ou done en le taile home auera brief de garrantie de charters, mes nemy sur eschange.

Garrantie.

GArrantie, est en deux manners. s. garrantie lineal & garrantie collateral.

Garrantie lineal est lou home seisie en fee, fait feoffement per son fait a vn auter, & oblige luy & ses heires a garrant, & ad issue fits & morust, & le garrantie discend a son fites, ceo est lineal garrantie, pur ceo que si nul fait oue garrantie vst este fait, donques le droit des terres discenderoit al fits, & il conueyeroit le discent de le pere a le fits. Mes si tenaunt en le taile discontinua le taile, & ad issue & deuie, & luncle del issu relessa al discōtinuee oue garrantie &c. & morust sauns issue, ceo [Page] est collateral garrantie al issue en le taile, pur ceo q̄ le garrantie discende sur le issue, le q̄l ne poit soy conueyer a le taile per le meane de son vncle. Et en chescun case lou hōe demaunda terres en fee tail ꝑ br̄ de Formedon▪ si ascū del issue en le taile que auoit possession, ou que nauoit possession fait vn garrantie, & cesty que sua le briefe de Formedon poit per possibilitie per ma [...]ter que puissoit este en cest fait conueier a luy title per force del done per celuy que fist le garrantie &c. ceo est donques vn lineal garrantie, & per tiel lineal garrantie, le issue en le taile ne serra barre, sinon que il ad assets a luy discendus en fee simple: Mes si il ne poit per nul possibility que poit este conueyer a luy title per force del d [...]n per celuy que fi [...]t le garrantie, donques ceo est vn collateral garrantie, & ꝑ tiel collaterall garrantie, le issue en le taile serra barre sans ascun assets. [Page 104] Et le cause que tiel collateral garrantie est vn barr̄ al issue en le taile, est pur c [...]o q̄ touts garranties deuant lestatut de Gloucester, queux discendant a ceux queux sont heires a eux que fesoyent les garranties, fueront barres a mesme les heires a demā der ascun terres forsprise les garranties que commence per disseisin, & pur ceo que le dit estatute ad ordeine que le garrantie del pere ne serra barre a son fites pur les terres que veigne del heritage le mere, ne garrantie le mere ne serra barre al fits pur les terres que veigne del heritage de pier, & lestatute nad fait ne ordeine remedie encounter le garrantie que est collateral al issue en le taile, & pur ceo le garrantie que est collateral al issue en le taile, vncore est in sa force & serra barre al issue en le tayle, come il fuit deuaunt lestatute, Auxy il couyent que toutes garranties, per que ascun heire serra [Page] barre, que le garrātie descend per course del common ley a celuy que est heire a luy que fist le garrantie, ou auterment il ne serra barre, car si le tenant in le tail des terres in borow English, lou le puisn̄ fits inheriter̄ per la custome discontinua le taile & ad issue deux fits, & luncle releas al discontinuee oue garrantie & deuye, & le puisne fits porte Formedone, vncore il ne serra barre par tyel garrantie, causa qua supra. Auxy si ascun home fait ascun fait oue garrantie, per quel son heire serroit barre, & puis cestuy que fist le garrantie soyt attaint de felony, donques son heire ne serra barre ꝑ tiel garrantie, pur ceo que tiel garrant ne puit discender sur luy, pur ceo que le sanke est corrupt. Auxy si le sits purchase tre, & puis lessa le terre a son pier pur terme dans, & le pier ꝑ son fait de ceo enfeoffa vn estraunge, & oblige luy & ses heires a garrantie, & le pier deuie, [Page 105] per q̄l le garrantie discend al fits, vncore cē garranty ne barrer̄ my le fits, mes le fits bien puit entre nient obstant cel garranty, pur ceo q̄ cest garranty commensast per disseisin, quant le pier fist le feoffement que fuit vn disseisin al fits, & come est dit de le pier, issint puit este dit de chescun auter auncestour. Et mesme le ley est si launcestor soit tenaunt per Elegit, ou per statute marchant, & fait ascun feoffement oue garrantie, tiels garranties ne serrōt barres, pur ceo q̄ ils cō menceont per disseisin.

Garrantie.

GArrantie, est quant vn est lye al auter que ad terre de garr̄ le terr̄ a luy, le quel poit commence per deux meanes▪s▪ per act del ley: come si vn & ses auncestors ont tenu terre del auter, & ses auncest' per temps dont memory ne curt, per homage▪ q̄ est appel homage auncestrell: Ou per lact del partie, q̄ graunta [Page] per fait on fine al tenant del terre de garrant ceo a luy: sur quel garrantie si le tenaunt soit implead per luy que doit garrant, ou ses heires, le tenaunt barrera le demaundant per pleder del garrantie vers luy, que est appell Rebutter: Ou si soit implead per auter en action, en que poit vouch, il vouchera cestuy que garrant, ou ses heires: Et si le plaintife recouer̄, le tenant recouera en value vers vouchee.

239 Garde.

GArde, est quant vn enfant que auncestor tient per seruice de chiualrie, est en le g [...]rde & custodie de le seigniour de que ils fueront tenus: Et si le tenaunt tient de diuers seigniours diuers terres, celuy seigniour de que il tient per prioritie, cestascauoir, per le plus auncient Tenure, auera la garde del enfant, mes si vn tenure soyt auxy auncient que le auter, donques celuy q̄ primes, [Page 106] happa le garde del corps, gardera ceo, mes en ceo case, chescun seignior auera le gard del terre que est tenus de luy, mes si le tenant tient ascū terre del Roigne en chiefe, don (que) le Roigne ꝑ sa prerogatiue aūa le gard del corps, & de tout le terre que est tenus de luy, & de chescū auter seigniour.

Auxy sont diuers briefs de gard, vn est briefe de droit de garde, & gist lou le tenaunt deuye, son heire deins age & vn estrange entra in le terre, & hap̄ le garde de corps de lenfant.

Briefe deiectment de garde gist lou home est ouste de la garde de terre sauns de corps de lenfant.

Briefe de rauishment de gard gist lou le corps est prise de luy solement & ment le terre.

Gardeine.

GArdeine, ou gardeine plus propermēt est celuy que ad le garde ou custodie dun heire, & de [Page] son terre tenus per seruice de ch [...]ual [...]e, ou de vn de eux a son vse demesne, durant le nonage del h [...] ▪ & deins cest temps ad le bestowing del corps del hr [...], en mariage al son volunt sans disparagem̄t.

Et de gardeines il y ad ii. sorts▪ nosmement: gardeine en droit, & gardein en fait.

Gardein en droit, est celuy que per reason de son seigniorie est seisie del gardship on custodie del terre, & del heire, durant le nonage del heire.

Gardeine en fait, est lou le seigniour apres son seisin, come auauntdit, graunta per fait, ou sans fait, le gardship del terre ou del heire, ou dambideux a vn ant, per force de quel graunt, le grauntee est en possession, donques est le grauntee appell gardein en fait.

Et cest gardeine en fait poit grant le heire al aut auxy, mes cest auter nest properment appell gardeine en fait, car ceo est le grauntee del garden [Page 107] en droit solement, mes le gardein en socage ad le profit solement al vse del heire res (que) il ad accomplish lage de xiiii. ans, & rendra pur ceo accompt al heire▪ Vide plus de ceo Lit. li. 2. ca. 4 & 5. Et Stāf. sur statute de Prerog. ca. 1. 2. & 6.

Garnishment.

GArnishment est, sicome vn action de detinue des charters est port vers vn, & le defendant dit, que les charters fuer [...]nt deliuer a luy per le plaintife & per vn auter sur certeine conditions, & prey que lauter soit garny de pleder oue le plaintife si les conditions sont pimples ou nemy, & sur ceo vn briefe de Scire facias [...]ssera vers luy, & ceo est appel vn Garnishmēt, & lauter quant il vient eins pled▪ oue le plaintif, & ceo est appel enterpleder.

Gauelate.

GAuelate, est vn speciall & anciēt kind de Cessauit [Page] vsed en Kent ou le Custome de Gauelkinde continue, per quel le tenaunt forfeitera ses terres & tenements al Seigniour de que ils sont tenus, sil detaine de son Seigniour ses due rents & seruices, solonque cest maner que ensuist.

Si ascun tenaunt en Gauelkinde retaine sa [...]ent, & ses seruices de le tenement que il tyent de son Seigniour, querge le Seigniour per agarde de sa Court, de trois semaines en trois semains, de trouer distresse sur cel tenemēt iesque a le quart court, a touts foits per tesmoignes. Et si deins cel tēps ne troue distresse en cel tenement, per queux il puisse son tenant iusticer, Don (que) a la quart Court soit agarde que il preigne cel tenement en sa main, en nosme de distresse, auxy come fuit boefe ou vache, & le tiēt [...]n an & vn iour, en sa maine, sans maine ouerer, deins quel terme, si le tenant vient, & rende ses [Page 108] arrerages, & fait reasonables amendes de la deteiner, adone eit, & ioyse son tenement, sicome ses auncestours & luy auant tiendront. Et sil ne vient deuant le an & le iour passe, done auage le Seigniour al procheyne County court [...]uyant oue tesmoygnes de sa Court, & face la pronuncier cel processe pur tesmoynage auer, & per agarde de sa Court (apres ceo Countie tenue) entra & meynou [...]ra en cels terres & tenementes, sicome en son demesne. Et si le tenaunt vyent apres, & voyler reauer ses tenementes, & tener sicome il fist deuant, face gree al Seygniour, sicome il est auncientment dist.

Neghe sith selde, & neghe sith gelde, & v. li. for the were, [...]r he become healder. Vide de ceo 10. Hen. 3. Fitzherb. Cessau [...]t [...]0. & statute 10. Ed. 2. de Gauelet en London, en le Collectiō [Page] del statutes Lōdon 2. matter tendant mult a cel purpose, q̄ ꝑ cel parol Gauelet le seign̄ auera le terre, pur cesser le ten̄t. Et vide Westm̄ 2. cap. 21. que done Cessauit.

Il y ad ascuns copies que ad le primer Verse issint escript.

Nisith yeld, and nisith gelde.

Et auters issint.

Nighesith yelde, and nighesith geld.

Mes ceux ne differ en signification, auter copies ont ceo solōque cē sort.

Nigondsith selde, & nigondsith geld.

Cestassauoir, paiera il nouies foits, & nouies foits repay.

243 Gauelkinde.

GAuelkinde est vn custome annex & currant oue tres en Kent appel Gauelkinde terres tenus en auncient Socage tenure. Et est pense per les erudite en Antiquities, deste appel Gauelkinde de Gyue al kin, cest adire a toutes les kinne en vn line, accordant come est [Page 109] vse enter les Germans, de que nous Anglois, & especialment de Kent venomus. Ou il est appell Gauelkinde de Gyue al kinde, cest adire al touts les males, car kinde en Dutch signifie vn male. Et diuers auters semble cō iectures sont fait per eux de le nosme (Gauelkind) le quel ieo omit de purpose pur breuitie.

Les plus vsual customes de eux sont, que le terre est diuidable enter les heires males, & q̄ le heire al age de xv. ans poit dōe & vende sa terre, & serra inherit coment son pere soit attaint & pendue pur felonie, & sa feme serra endowe del demy del terre, dont son baron deuie seisie, & le baron serra tenant per le curtesie del demy, coment ne auoit issue ꝑ sa feme: mes lestate del baron & feme cease per lour second mariage. Et diuers auts Customes sont vses en Kent de terres en Gauelkind, pur queux veies le Perambulation de Kent, [Page] fait per M. Lambert, Pur quel cause le residue ieo voile omit come impertinent a cel lieur, & intreat amplemēt en le dit Perambulation.

244 Gelde.

GEld, hoc est quietū esse de cōsuetud' seruilibus q̄ quon lā dari consueuerūt & adhuc dāt, cōe hornegeld & h [...]is similibus.

245 Graund Cape.

GRaund Cape, vide de ceo ap̄s tit petit Cape.

246 Grand Serianty.

GRaund Serianty est lou on hōe tiēt de roy certein terres ꝑ le seruice de porter sō bāner ou laūce, ou amesner son hoste, ou destre son caruer ou butteler a son coronment & tiels sembl', & ceo est la pluis honorable seruice & pluis digne, q̄ le tenant poit fair, & pur ceo ē appel graund serianty, Mes petit Seriāty est quant vn tient de roy luy rendant annuelm̄t vn arke, vn coteau, vn launce, & tiels sembl', & ceo nest fors (que) socage en effect, mes hōe ne poit tener in graund [Page 110] serieanty ne per petit serieanty sinon de roy. Auxy si tenant per graund serieantie morust son heire esteant de pleine age, le heir paiera al roy pur reliefe le value des terres ouster les charges que il pay al Roy ꝑ grand serieantie: mes cestuy que tyent ꝑ Escuage paiera pur son relief forsque C. s.

Auxy ceux que sont en le Marches de Scotland, que tient del Roy per Cornage, cest est, pur ventiler vn cornu quant les Scots entront en Angleterre, sont tenants per graund serieantie.

Auxy ou vn home tient de roy pur trouer vn home en sa guerre deins le Realme, cest est dit grand Serieantie, pur ceo, que il est fait per corps dun home. Et si le tenant ne poit trouer home de faire ceo, donques il est tenus de faire ceo luy mesme. Et il que tient per grand serieantie tient per seruice de chiualer, & le Roy auera garde, marriage & reliefe, mes nemy de ceux [Page] que tient per petite serieantie, mes le Roy nauera de eux que tient per grand Serieanty escuage, si [...]on que ils tient per escuage. Issint ceux que tient per grand sericantie ou escuage tient per seruice de chiualer. Mes vn poit tener per grand Serieantie & nemy per escuage, & per escuage & nemy per grand serieantie. Et le seruice de chiualer toutes foites treit. a luy gard, mariage, & relief.

247 Grithbrech.

GRithbrech, hoc est pax domini Regis fracta, quia (Grith) Anglice pax Latin.

H.

248 Habere facias seisinam.

HAbere facias seisinam, est vn briefe iudicial, & gist lou vn ad recouer certain terres en court le Roy, donques il auera cest briefe direct al Vicont, luy commaundant de doner a luy seisin del terre, & ne serra returnable.

[Page 111]

Hangwit.

HAngwit, hoc est quietum esse de latrone suspenso sine iudicio, vel extra custodiam vestram euaso.

Hariot.

HAriot, est ē deux sorts lun Hariot custom, le auter Hariot seruice.

Hariot seruice (ascuns diont) est touts foits expresse en le graunt dun home, ou en son fait que il tiēt per tiel seruice pur paier hariot al temps de son mort, Et cest Hariot est paiable apres le mort de le tenāt en fee simple.

Hariot custome, est lou hariots ont este paies temps hors de memorie per custome. Et ceo poit este apres le mort del tenant pur vie &c. mes a parler de ceo generalm̄t.

Hariot est le meliour beast (soit il Chiual, Boef, ou vache) que le tenāt ad al temps de son mort. Et le Sn̄r poit seise, ou p̄nder vn distresse pur ceo, soit il Hariot seruice, ou Hariot custome, al vse del Seignior de que le tenant tiēt [Page] per son baylie ou auter officer de son manor. Mes de droit le Seigniour ne son officer ne doit prender Hariot deuant que il soit present al prochein court tenus apres le tenant est mort, & que tiel beast est due al seigniour pur son Harriot.

251 Haybote ou hedgbote.

HAybote ou hedgbote, est necessary stuffe pur faire & amend haies, que lessee pur ans, ou pur vie de common droit poit p̄nder sur le tre a luy lesse, nient obstant il ne soit expresse en son lease, & nient obstant q̄ il soit vn lease ꝑ parols sans escript.

Haybote auxy poit estre prise pur necessarie stuf pur faire rakes, forks & tiels semblables instrumēts oue q̄ux homes vsont en summer de tedder & faire feme Et issint vn lessee pur ans prist ceo & fuit a luy allow per sō lessor, plus tost come ieo suppose, pur ceo que tiels instrumēts sont communement fait de slender subboys, q̄ per le cōmon [Page 112] ley lessee pur ans poit succider & prender come est auantdist.

Hidage.

HIdage, hoc est quietum esse si dominus Rex talliaue [...]it totam terram per hidas.

Nota q̄ vn hide de terr̄, est vn entire plowland. Et cest kinde de taxing per hides fuit mult vse en viel temps cibien pur prouision de armour, come paimēts de argent, & ceo principalm̄t, en les iours del Roy Etheldred (vn Roy en cest payes deuant le Conquest) que en le an de Christ 1006. quant les Danes p [...]st [...] land al Sandwich en Kent taxe tout son terre per hides ē cest maner, Que chescun 310. hides de terre do [...]ent trouer vne niefe furnish, & chescun 8. hides doient trouer vn lacke & vn sallet, pur le defence del Realme.

Hotchpot.

HOtchpot, est vn medling, ou mixing ensē ble, & vn partitiō de tres done en frankmariage, [Page] ouesque auter terres en fee simple discendus. Come pur example: vn home seisi de 30. acres de terre en fee simple, ad issue ij. files, & done ouesq̄ vn de ses files al vn home q̄ luy marrie 10. acres de ceo terre en frankmarriage, & morust seisie de les auters xx. acres: Ore si el que est issint marrie voiloit auer ascun parte de les xx. acres de que son pier morust seisie: El doit mise ses terres done en frankemariage en Hotchpot, ceo est adire, el doiet refuser de prender le sole profite del terre done en frankemariage, & suffer le terre de estre commixt, & mingle ensemble ouesque le aut terre de q̄ son piere morust seisie, issint que vn equal diuisiō poit estre fait de lentyer perenter luy & sa soer: Et issint pur sa 10. acres, el auera xv. auterment sa soe [...] voyt auer les xx. acres, de que lour pier morust seisie.

[Page 113]

Homage.

Homage, est vn seruice que serra fait en tiel maner, cest ascauoir, le tenant in fee simple, ou fee taile q̄ tient per homage genulera sur ambideux genus disce [...]t, & le seigniour serra & tiendra les mayns son tenaunt inter ses mains & le tenant dira. Ieo deueigne vostre home de cestuy iour en auant de vie & de member & de tertaine honor, & a vous serra foial & loyal, & foy vous portera des terres que ieo claime de tenuer de vous, salue le foy que ieo doy a nostre seigniour le Roy, & donques le seigniour issint seant luy besera.

Mes comēt fealty serra fait, vide deuant in fealty.

Et le seneschal le seigniour puit prender fealty mes nemy homage.

Homage ancestrel.

HOmage auncestrel, est [...]o [...] vn hōe & ses auncest' de tēps dōt memory ne courge, ont ten' la tre del Sn̄r per homage, & si tiel Seigniour ad resceu [Page] homage il est tenus de acquiter le tenaunt [...]er [...] toutes auters seigniours paramont luy de chescun mann [...]r seruice. Et si tenant ad fait homage a sō seigniour & soit implede & vouche le seigniour a garrantie, le seigniour est tenu [...] de luy garranter, & si le tenant perde il recouera in value vers son seigniour tant des terres que il auoit al temps de la voucher ou vnq, puis. Auxy si home que tient sa terre per homage auncestrel alien le terre ē fee donques le alience ferra homage a son Sn̄r, mes il ne tiendra ꝑ homage ancestrel pur ceo que le continuance del tenācy in le sank le prim̄ tenaunt est discontinue.

256 Homesoken.

HOmesoken, (ou hamesoken) hoc est quietū esse de amerciamentis, de ingressu hosp▪ ciorum violenter & sine licentia, & contra pacē domini Regis. Et (quam) teneatis placita de hm̄di transg' facta in curia vestra, & in tra vestra.

[Page 114]

Homicide ou Manslaughter.

Homicid' ou Māslaughter, est le occider dun home felonieusment sans malice prepenced. Il est auxi define issint Homicidium est hominis occisio, ab homine facta, s [...] autē a cane, boue, vel alia re, non dicitur proprie homicidium: dicitur homicid' ab homine & caedo, quasi hominis caediū.

Hornegelde.

HOrnegeld, hoc est quietum esse de quadam cōsuetudine exacta ꝑ tallag. ꝑ totam tra [...], sicut de quacūq, bestia cornuta.

Housebote.

HOusebote, est necessary timber, q̄ le lessee pur ans, ou pur vie, de cō mon droit poit prender sur le terre, pur repayrer les measons sur mesme le terre a luy lesse, ment obstant il ne soit expresse en le lease, & ment obstant il soit vn lease per parols sans fait. Mes sil prist pluis q̄ besoigne, il poit [...]ste punish per vn action de wast.

[Page]

260 Hundred.

HVndreds, fueront deuise per Alfred le roy, apres que il ad deuide le entier Realme en certain parts ou sections, le quel de le Saxō parol Seynan, significant de seinder, il terme Shires ou (sicome nous vnco [...]e pa [...]le) Shares & portiōs. Ceux Shires il auxy diuide en petites parts, de queux ascuns fueront appelles L [...]thes, de le parol Ielapian, que est de assembler ensemble, auters Tythinges, issint nosme, pur ceo que la fueront en chescū de eux al number de x. persons, de que chescun fuit suertie & pledge pur auts bone behauiour: auters hundreds, pur ceo que ils cō teine iurisdiction sur vn 100 homes ou pledges demurrāt ꝑaduenture en ij. ouiij. ou plus paroches, borowes, ou villes, esteant & adioynantes ment meines prochein ensemble, en le quel il appoint administration de Iustice destre exercise seueralm̄t ēter eux de mesme le [Page 115] hundred, & nemy que lun irra hors disorderment en lauter hundred, lath, ou tything, en que il ne demurt. Ceux hundredes continue a c [...]st iour en force, ment obstant non en tout al mesme le purpose, pur que al primer ils fueront ordein, vncore a ore mult necessarie, & en temps de peace pur bone order de gouernement diuers voyes, & auxy en guerr pur certaintie de leuying de homes come auterm̄t pur le plus spedi collections de paiments grant en Parliamēt a les Ro [...]es & Roign̄s de cest Realme.

Hundredum.

HVndredum. [...]oc est qetū [...]sse de d [...]n [...]r̄ vel consuetudinibus faciendis p [...]aepositis & hundredarijs.

I.

Ideot.

IDeot, est celu [...] que est vn [...]ot naturall de sa [...]eysture, & [...]e scanoit de accompter ou number xx. d, ne poit nosm [...]r son pere ou mere, [Page] ne de quel age il m̄ est, ou tiel semblable plaine & cōmon choses, issint q̄ il appiert q̄ il nad ascū maner de intendement de reason ne gouernement de luy mesme, quel est pur son profit, ou disprofit &c. Mes sil ad tant entelligēce que il poit lier, ou apprender de lyer per instruction & informatiō de auts, on poit measure vn vlne de drap, ou nosme les iours en le semaine, ou engēder vn enfant, sits ou file ou tiel sē blable, ꝑ q̄ il poit appeare que il ad ascun lumen de reason; don (que) tiel nest Ideot naturalment.

263 Idemptitate nominis.

IDemptitate nominis, est vn br̄e, & gist lou br̄ de det, Couenant, Accompt, ou tiel semblable briefe est port vers vn home, & vn auter que ad mesme le nosme come le defendant ad, est pris pur luy, don (que) il auera cest br̄ per que le viscount fra inquiry deuaunt Iustice [Page 116] assigne in m̄ le countie, si soit mes [...]e le person ou nemy, & sil ne soit troue le partie donques il a [...]e [...] sans iour in peace.

Ieofayle.

IEofaile, est quāt les parties al ascun suit en pledant ont a tant proceed q̄ il aient ioyne issue quel serra trie, ou est trie per vn Iury ou enquest. Et cel pleding ou issue est cy malement plede ou ioyn q̄ il serra errour si eux ꝓceed: Don (que) ascun del distes parties poit per lou [...] Counsell monstre ceo al Court auxibien apres verdist done & deuāt iudgement, come deuant le Iurie soit charge. Le monstrans des q̄ux effects deuant le Iurie charge fuit souent quāt le Iury veign̄ al Court de trye le issue, dō (que) le Counsell q̄l voit ceo monstrer dira, cē enquest ne do [...]es prender, Et si soit apres verdict, don (que) il voiloit dire, Al iudgemēt ne deues aler. Et pur ceo q̄ ceux mults delayes fueront en suites, diuers [Page] statutes sont faits de redresser ceo, auxibien en temps Roy H. le 8. Anno 32. cap 30. come en tēps le roigne que ore est de queux home poit dire come les Ciuilians diont. Quod tame [...]si [...]u [...]is formulas amputari iusserit Constantinus Imperator, quotidianus tamen forensis vsus eas reuocasse vide [...], vel potiu [...], quod crescunt vt Hidrae capita.

265 Illoyal assemblie.

ILloyall assemblie, est lou people eux assemble [...]usimul pur faire illoyall chose encounter le peace, nyent obstant que ils ne execute lour purpose en fait.

266 Imparlance.

IMparlance, est quant vn action de dett, trespasse, ou tiels semblables est port enuers vn home, & apres que le plaintife ad count ou declare, le defendant pria le Court que il poit auer temps de mitter [...]ins son respons al [Page 117] auter iour en mesme le terme, ou en le procheine terme, cest stay de respons est appel imparlance.

Imprisonment.

IMprisonment nest auter chose fors (que) le restraint del libertie dun home, soit ceo en le ouert chāps ou en le cippes, ou cage en les estreates, ou en le proper meason dun hōe, [...]ibien come en le comon gaol. Et en toutes ceux lieux le partie issint restraine est dit deste vn prisoner cy longem̄t come il nad son libertie frankmēt de [...]re a touts lou il voit, sans baile, mainprise, ou auter aucthoritie.

Infangthefe.

INfangthefe, hoc est qd' latrones capti in dominico vel in feodo vestro de latrociniis conuicti, in curia vestra iudicent.

Information.

INformatiō, pur le roign̄ est ceo que pur vn common person est appel vn [Page] declaration, & nest toutes foits fait directment ꝑ le Roigne, ou sa Atturney, mes ꝑ vn aut home. Qui tam pro domina Regina quam pro seipso sequitur, sur le breach de ascū penal ley ou statute, en que vn penaltie est done al partie que voit suer pur ceo, mes nul actiō de dett pur recouer ceo, don (que) il doit ēe ewe ꝑ informatiō.

270 Ioyntenants.

IOintenāts sont lou deux homes vient a ascū terres on tenements per vn ioynt title: Come si home done terre a deux homes & lour heires.

Mes Tenants en common sont lou ii. homes out terres per seueral titles, ou per feffement al deux, a auer & tener lun moitie al vn & ses heires, & lauter moitie al lauter & ses heires, en touts ceux cases nul de eux scauoit son seueral, come il serra dit apres.

Et nota si sont deux ou trois ioyntenaunts, & vn ad issue & deuie, [Page 118] donques cestuy ou ceux iointenants que suruesque auera lentiertie per le suruiuor.

Mes si deux iointenāts font particion enter eux ꝑ fait ꝑ agreemēt donques ils sont seueral tenants.

Mes si vn iointenaunt graunt ceo que a luy appent a vn estranger, donques lauter iointenant & le stranger sont tenants en common.

Et mesque ij. tenants en common sont seysie per my & per tout, & nul conust son seueral, vncore si vn deuie, lauter ne auera lentiertie per suruiuor, mes son heire auera le moitie.

Et issint si sont iii. iointenants, & vn de eux fait feffement de son part a vn auter, & le feffee deuie, donques son heire auera le tierce part, & les auters i [...]. sont iointenants come ils fueront, pur ceo que eux deux sont seisies per vn ioint title.

Auxy si tre soit done al baron & sa feme, & le barō alien & deuie, le feme [Page] recouera lentiertie: mes si ils fueront iointenāts deuant le couerture, donques en tiel case el recouera forsque le moitie.

Auxy si terre soit done al baron & sa seme, & al tierce person, si le tierce person graunt ceo que a luy appent, la moitie passa▪ per cel graunt, pur ceo que le baron & sa feme sont forsque vn person en le ley, & en cest case ils nont en droit forsque le moitie.

Auxy si deux ioyntenāts sont des tres en ville que est borough English, lou terre est deuisable, & lun per son testament deuise ceo que a luy appent a vn estranger & deuie, cest deuise est voide, & le auter auera lentiertie per suruiuer, pur ceo que le deuise ne poit prēder effect tanque apres le mort le deuisor, & immediate apres le mort le deuisor, le droit deuient al auter iointenāt per le suruiuor, le quel ne claime riēs ꝑ le deuisour mes en sō droit demesne per le suruiuer: [Page 119] Mes autermēt est de Parceners seisies des tres deuisables, causa qua supra.

Indicauit.

INdicauit est vn briefe & gist lou debate est perenter deux Clerkes en court Christian dun Esglise, ou part de vn Esglise pur dismes q̄ amoūt al meines a le value de la quart part del Esglise, & pur ceo q̄ le patron del Clerk le defendaunt perdra son aduowson, si le clerke le plaintife la recouera, donques il auera brief direct al Clerke le plaintif ou al officers del cōurt Christian, eux cō maundant de cesser de lour plee, iesques il est discusse en court le Roy a q̄ laduowson appent, Et cest brief serra enter quater persons, deux serront patrons, & deux serront clerkes. Mes cest briefe nest returnable: mes sils ne cessont lour suit il aūa vn Attachment.

Iointure.

IOinture est vn estate & assurāce fait al vn feme en consideration de mariage [Page] pur terme de sa vie, ou auterment, come est mention en lestatute 27. H. 8. ca. 10. soit il deuant ou apres le mariage. Et si soit apres le mariage, dō ques el poit a sa libertie apres le mort de son baron refuser de p [...]ender, ou auer les terres issint assure pur sa iointure, & demaund sa dower al cō mon ley: Mes sil soit fait deuant mariage, donques el ne poit refuser tiel iointure, ne auer dower accordant al cōmon ley, sinon q̄ quant el port sa briefe de Dower, le defendāt pled tiel plee que ne voile luy barrer de sa dower, donques el serra endow: Sicome il dit en barre, q̄ sa baron ne fuit seisi de tiel estate de quel el doit este endow, ou ascun tiel plee, & ne monstre que el ad vn iointure fait &c. & pur ceo demaund iudgement de cel action, ou iudgement si el serra auxy endow, ou ascun tiel semblable plee &c. Et ceo fuit lopiniō de le droit worshipful M. [Page 120] Brograue, al son lecture en Graies Inne en Sūmer An. 1567. 18. Eliz. sur vn brāch, del statute fait An. 27. H. 8. ca. 10. concernāt Iointures & dowers,

Et per luy de ceux choses de que vn feme poit este endowe, el poit auer vn iointure, cōe de mines, vesturā terre, bo [...]es, villes, Iles, meadowes, & tyels semblables. Item dun aduowson, dun reuersion dependaunt sur vn estate pur vie, dun Windmill, vn haut chamber, vn rectorie & tiels auters, & ils sont appels tenements. Item dun villen, car il est hereditament. Et de touts ceux profit poet vener al feme. Mes de ceux choses de que nul profite voet vener, mes plustost vn charge, vn iointure ne poet este fait.

L.

Larceny.

LArceny est vn torcyous prisell des biens dun auter home, mes nemye de son person, oue vn ment de eux embleer encounter [Page] son volunt que biens ils fueront.

Et la [...]eeny est en deux sorts, lun issint appelle simplement, & lauter petit larceny.

Le primer est lou le chose emblee exceda le value de xij. d. & ceo est felony.

Le auter (que est appell petite larceny) est lou le chose emblee, ne exceda le value de xii. d. & ceo nest felony.

284 Lastage.

LAstage, hoc est quietū esse de quadā cōsuetudine exact [...] in nundmis & mercatis pro rebus cariandis vbi homo vult.

285 Leases.

LEases sont grāts ou demises ꝑ vn q̄ ad ascun estate in heredit de ceux hereditam̄ts al auter pur meinder tēps, & ceo sont en diuers māners, cest ascauoir, pur terme de vie, pur terme dās, pur terme dauter vie & a volunt.

Auxy vn lease de terre est auxy bone sans fayt come per fayt.

Mes en leas pur terme [Page 121] de vie, il couient de doner liuery & seisin sur le terre, ou auterment riens passera ꝑ le grant, pur ceo que ils sont appels franktenements.

Auxy vn leas de vn comen ou rent, ne poiet este bone sans fait.

Mes de vn parsonage, il est bon sans fait, pur ceo que lesglise que est principall, puit assets bien passer sans fait, & issint les dismes & offerings que sont come accessory al esglise.

Mes dismes & offerings per soy, ne poyent este lesses sans fait vt dicitur.

Lessor & Lessee.

LEssor est celuy que lessa terres, ou tenements [...]l auter pur terme de vie, ans, ou al volunt, & celuy a que le leas est fait, est appell lessee.

Leuant & Couchant.

LEuant & Couchant, est dit, quant les beastes, ou Cattell dun estraunger sont venue en le terre dun auter home, & la ont remaine vn certaine bone space de temps.

[Page]

288 Ley.

LEy est quant action de det est port vers vn sur ascun secret iudgement ou contract ewe perenter les parties sans especialty monstre, ou auter matter de Record, come action de detinue pur ascun biēs ou chattels, dōque le defendant poit gager son ley, sil voile, cestassauoir, de iurer sur vn lieur, & certeine persons oue luy, que il ne deteyna les byens, ou doit riens al plaintife in le manner & fourme come il ad declare.

Et cest allowe solement in cases de secrecie ou le plaintife ne poit prouer le surmise de son suit per ascun fait ou ouert act: ou le defendant poit ceo discharge secretmēt perenter eux sans ascū escript de acquitance ou publique acte, & pur ceo en action de det sur vn leas pur terme dans ou sur arrerages de accompt deuant Auditors assign̄, hōe ne gagera son ley.

Mes quant vn gag [...]ra [Page 122] son ley, il amesnera ouesque luy vi. viii. ou xii. de ses vicins, come le Court luy assignera, de iurer ouesque luy, mult semble al serement que eux fesoyent que sont vses in cōmon ley, de purger auters de ascū crime al eux impute: q̄ sont appell conpurgators.

Nota que le fesans del serment est appell le gager del ley, & quant il est accōplish, donque est appell se fesans del ley.

Et auxy si le Vicount in ascun action returne que il eit summon le defendaunt de appearer in Court a ascun iour a responder le plaintife, a quel iour il fait default, proces serra agard vers luy de vener & saue, ou excuser son default: que est a tant a dire, come purgare moram, ou autermēt de perder le chose demaunde: Et donque le defendaunt vient & voit iurer que il ne fuit summon, que est appell gager de ley, donque il doit ceo faire al iout [Page] assign̄ oue xii. auters, & en fesant del le [...] il doyt son serement affirmer directment al contrary de ceo que est impute a luy, mes lauters ne dira, mes que eux intend que il dit le verity.

289 Libertate probanda.

LIbertate probanda, Vide de ceo en le title de Natiuo habendo.

290 Liuerie de seisin.

LIuetie de seisin, est vn ceremony vse en conueyance de terres ou tenements lou vn estate en fee simple, fee tayle, ou vn franktenement passera: Et il est vn tesmoigne de le voluntary departing per luy que fait le liuerie del chose de que liuerie est fait: Et le resceite del liuery est vn voluntary acceptance per le auter party, de tout ceo de que lauter ad luy dismisse. Et fuit inuēt cōe vn ouert & notorious chose, ꝑ meanes de q̄ le cōmon people poiēt auer intelligēce de passing ou alteratiō de estates de hōe al [Page 123] home, que per ceo ils poient estre le meliour able pur trier en que le droit & possessiō de terres & tenementes fueront, sils doient estre impannel & iures, ou auterment ont a faire concernant ceo.

Le common manner de liuerie de seysin, est en cest sort fait: Si [...]l soit en le ouert champe ou ne sont edifices, ou meason, donques vn que poit lyer prist le sait en son maine, si lestate passera per fait, & declare al eux que la sont, le cause de lour vener la ensemble, & donques ouertment lya le fait, ou declare le effect de ceo [...]n Engloys, & apres que il est seale le partie que est a departer oue le terre, prist le sai [...] en ses maines ensemble oues (que) vn clodde del terre, & vn twigge ou bowe, sil y ad ascun la, & tout ceo il deliuer al auter partie, en le nosme de possession ou seysin accordant al fourme & effecte del fayt; que deuāt [Page] eux fuit la lye ou declare. Mes sil soit vn habitation ou edifice sur le terre, donques ceo est fait la a le doore del ceo, nul esteant relinquishe a cest temps deins le meason, & le partie deliuer tout les auantdites ensemble ouesque le annell del doore en nosme de seysin ou possession, & il que receiua le liuerie entra primes sole & shota le doore, & prelentmēt ouert ceo, & lessa eux eins &c. Sil soit de vn meason a que est nul terre, le lyuerie est fait & possession prise per le deliuerie del annuell del doore & fait solement. Et ou il est sauns fait de terres ou tenements la le partie declare ꝑ parol deuant testmoignes, lestate q̄ il entende de departer oue, & donques deliuer seisin ou possession, en maner cōe est auantdist, & issint le tre ou tenement passera cybien lou il nad fait, come per fait, & ceo per force del liuery de seisin: [Page 124] Il fuit agree en Graies Inne per le droit worshipful M. Snagge, al son lecture la en sommer An. 1574. que si vn feoffour deliuer le fait en view del terre, en nosme de seisin, que il est bone, pur ceo que il ad vn possession en luy mesme. Mes auterment est dun Atturney, car il doit aler al terre, & prise possessiō luy mesme, deuant que il poit doner possession al auter accordant al parols de son garrant &c. Et lou liuerie de seisin est per le viewe, si le feoffee ne entra pas puis &c. nul chose passa, car il doit enter en fait.

Lotherwite.

LOtherwit, hoe est quod capiatis emēdas ab ipso qui corrumpit vestram natiua sine licētia vestra.

M.

Mahim ou Maime.

MAhim, est lou per le [...]orcious act daut ascun member est dampnifie ou tol, per que le partie is [...]int dāpnifie est fait [Page] imperfect a cōbater: Come si vn osse soit prise hors del test: ou vn osse soit debruse en asc' auter part del corps, ou vn pee; ou maine, ou digit, ou ioint dū pee, ou asc' mē ber soit sciet: ou per asc' plague les nerues sōt fait de shrinker, ou aut mē ber, ou les digits faits curue, ou si vn oyl soit mise hors, ou les anterior dē tes debruse, ou asc' auter chose ē le corps dū hōe, ꝑ reason de que il est fait le meins able pur defender luy m̄, ou offēd sō enemy.

Mes le s [...]yer dun de vn ori [...]l, ou n [...]se, ou lēfiéd' del▪ dēts▪ moliers, on tiels semblables, nest asc' ma [...] hem, pur ceo q̄ il est pluis vn deformity de le corps; que vn defect del strēgth, [...] ceo est communement try per I [...]nspection del partie per les Iustices. Et si les iustices sōt ē doubt [...] [...]e [...]am̄ soit vn ma [...]h [...]m ou [...], ils. vse▪ & voylent [...]e [...]our graund discretion prender le aide & opinion de ascun erudite Surgion, pur consid▪ [Page 125] de ceo deuant que ils determine sur le case.

Mainprise.

MAinprise, est quant vn home est arrest ꝑ Capias, done les Iudges poient deliū son corps a certain homes pur garder & de luy am [...]ner deuāt eux a certain iour, & ceux sōt appels mainpernors, & si le party ne appear al iour a [...]s [...]gne, le mainpernou [...]s serront amercie.

Mannour.

MAnnour, est vn chose compound de diuers choses, come de vn meason, terre arrable, pasture, pree, bois, rent, auowson, court baron; & tiel semblable font vn manor. Et c [...]o doit este per ancient continuāce de temps, cui [...]s contrarium memoria hominū non existie: car a ceo iour vn manor ne poit este fait pur ceo q̄ vn Court baron ne poit estre fait a ore, & vn mānor ne poit estre sans vn court barō & [...]uters ou frāktenants, deux al meines, car [...]i tontes les franketenements forsque vn escheat [Page] al Seign̄, ou sil purchase tout preter vn, la son manor est ale, pur ceo que il ne poit estre vn mannor sans vn Court Baron (cōe auantdit.) Et vn court barō ne poit este tenus mes deuāt suters, & nemy deuant vn suter, & ideo lou fors (que) vn frāktenem̄t o [...] frākt est, la ne poit este manor properm̄t, coment en common parlāce ceo poit estr̄ appel vn manor.

295 Manumission.

MAnumissiō, est ē deux sorts, le vn est vn manumission explicita, laut vn manumissiō implicita.

Manumission explicita est quant le Seignior fait vn fait al son villeine pur luy enfrāchiser ꝑ cest parol (Manumittere) quod idem est quod extra manum, vel extra potestatē alterius ponere.

Le manner de manumitting ou enfranchising en tēps passe plus vsualment fuit issint▪ Seignior (en presence de ses vicines) prist le villeine per le test disant, Ieo voile [Page 126] que cest home soit frank, & oue ceo il luy mise auant hors de ses maines, & per ceo il fuit franke sans ascun pluis faire.

Manumission impli [...]ita sans cest parol (Manumittere) est quant le seignior fait vn obligation a son villeine a payer a luy money al vn certain iour, ou luy sue lou il poit enter sans suit, ou granta al son villeine vn annuytie, ou lessa terre a luy ꝑ fait pur ans, ou pur vie, & en diuers tiels semblables cases, le villeine per ceo est fait franke.

Maximes.

MAximes sont les foundations del ley, & les conclusions de reason, & sont causes efficient, & certain vniuersall propositions, cy sure & perfect que ils ne poyent este a ascun temps impeach ou impugne, mes doyent touts foits este obserue & tenus come fort principels & aucthorities de luy mesme, nient obstant [Page] ils ne poyent este proue, per, force de argument ou demonstration logical, mes font conus per enduction per le yoy de sence & memorie: Come pur example, il est vn Maxime que s [...]n home ad issue deux fits▪ per diuers venters, & le vn de eux purchas terres en fee & morust sans issue, lauter fits ne vnques serr' son heire &c.

Item il est vn aut maxime, que terres discendra del pere al fits [...] mes nemy del fits al pere, car ceo est vn ascention &c. Et diuers tiels semblables il y ad.

297 Maynour.

MAynour, est quant vn laron ad emblee [...], & est pursue oue hue & crie & prise, ayant ceo troue oues (que) luy q̄ il ad emblee ceo est appel le maynour▪ Et issint nous cōmunem̄t vse▪ pur dire quant nous trouomus vn fesant de vn illo [...]al act, que nous luy prist ouesque le maynor, ou manner.

[Page 127]

Maintenance.

MAintenance est lou ascun home done ou deliuer a vn auter que est plaintife ou defendant en ascun action, ascun summ̄ dargent ou auter chose pur mainteiner son plee, ou fait extreame labour pur luy quāt il nad riens a ceo faire, don (que) lauter partie greeue auera vers [...]uy vn briefe appel briefe de Maintenance.

Mesne.

MEsne, est lou le owner del tres ou ten̄ts ceux teigne de vn per certeine seruices, & il ceux tenoyt de vn aut ꝑ autiels ou aut seruices, la cestuy q̄ tient les terres est appel tenant perauaile, & cestuy de que il teigne est appel mesne, & cestuy de que le mesne tenoit est appel seigniour paramont. Et en cest case si le seigniour paramount distrem̄ le tenaunt pur les seruice le mesn̄ q̄ luy doit acquite al seign [...]our paramont, donques le tenaunt auera vn br̄ vers le mesne, que est appell briefe de [Page] mesne, & si il ne vient pur acquiter le tenant, don (que) le mesne perdra le seruice le tenant & serr' foriudge de seigniorie, & le tenant serra tenaunt immediate al chiefe seigniour, & fra mesmes les seruices & suites come le mesne fist al seigniour.

300 Misprision.

MIsprision, est quant ascun sc [...]it que vn auter ad fait treason ou felony, & il ne voile luy discouer al Roigne, ou sa Counsell ou a ascun Magistrate, eins concela son offence: Diuers auts offences sont appel misprision, sicome vn Chapleine ad fixe vn auncient seale dun patent, a vn nouel patent de Non residence, & ceo fuit tenꝰ deste Misprision de treason tantū, & nul counterfaiter del seale del Roigne.

Item, si vn auter sceit money destre faux, & port ceo hors de Irelande en Engleterre, & vtter ceo en payment, ceo est forsque Misprision [Page 128] of Treason, & nemy Treason, & issint est en diuers tiels sēblabl' cases.

Et en touts cases de Misprision de treason le partie offender forfaitera se [...] biens a touts iours, & les profits de ses terres pur terme de son vie, & son corps al prison, al pleasure del Roigne.

Et pur Misprision de felony ou trespas, le offendour serra cōmit al prison, tan (que) il ad troue suerties ou pledges pur son fine, q̄ serra assesse per le discretion de les Iustices deuant q̄ il fuit conuict.

Et nota que en chescun treason ou felony, est include Misprision, & lou ascun ad fait treason ou felony, le Roigne poit causer luy deste indicte & arraigne fors (que) de misprision solement sil voile. Vide plus de ceo Stamf. lib. 1.

Monstrance de faits ou Records.

MOnstrance de faits ou Records, est sicōe pur exāple, vn action de debt, [Page] soit port enuers vn sur vn obligation per vn ou per executors &c. la apres que le plaintife ad declare, il doit monstre son obligation, & le executor le testament al court, & issint est de Records.

Et le diuersitie perenter Monstrance de faites ou Recordes, & oyer de faits & Records, est issint, il que plede le fait ou recorde, ou declare sur ceo, a luy il appertaine de monstre ceo. Et lauter vers que tiel fait ou record est plede ou declare, & est per ceo deste charge poyt demaund oyer de ceo fait ou record, que son aduersarie port, ou plead vers luy.

302 Mortdauncester.

MOrtdauncester, vide de ceo deuaunt titulo Cosinage.

303 Monstrauerunt.

MOnstrauerunt, est vn briefe, & gist pur le tenant en auncient demesne & est direct al [Page 129] seigniour, luy commandant que il ne distraine son tenant pur faire auter seruice q̄ faire ne duissēt, & ils poyent auer cest briefe direct al viscont q̄ il ne suffer le seigniour a distreine les dits tenants pur faire auter seruice. Auxy si le tenants ne poyent este en quiet ils poyēt auer vn attachment vers le seignior dapperer deuant les Iustices, & toutes les nosmes des tenāts serront mise en le br̄ comēt q̄ forsque vn de eux soit greue solement.

Auxi si ascun terre en auncient demesne soit en variance enter les tenants donques le tenant issint greue auera vers auter br̄ quod vocatur Droit close secund' consuetudinem manerii, & ceo serra touts foits port en le court le Seign̄, & sur ceo il countera en le nature de quel briefe il voit come son case gist, & cest briefe ne serra remoue sinon pur graund cause ou non power de Court.

Auxy si le Seignior en [Page] auter lieu hors de auncient demesne distraine son tenant de faire auter seruice quel ne doit, il auera briefe de droit appel ne Iniuste vexes, & cest vn briefe de droit patent que serra trie per battel ou grand assise.

304 Mortgage ou Morgage.

MOrtgage ou Morgage est quant vn fait vn feoffement a vn auter sur tiel condition, que si le feoffour paya al feoffee a certain iour xl. li. dargēt, que adonques la feoffour puit reenter &c. en ceo case le feoffee est appell tenant en Morgage. Et sicome vn home puit faire feoffemēt en fee en morgage, issint il puit faire done en le taile, ou leas pur terme de vie, ou pur terme dans en morgage. Et il semble que la cause pur q̄ il est appel Mortgage, est pur ceo q̄ il estoit en aweroust si le feoffor voile payer al iour limit le argent ou non, & sil ne paya passe, don (que) la [Page 130] terre que il mit en gage sur condic' de paiment de de le money, est ale de luy a routes iours, & issint mort a luy sur condic', & sil paya le money, don (que) est le gage mort quant a le tenant cest ascauoir, le feoffee, & pur cest cause il est appel en Latine, Mortuum vadium, come Master Littletō dit, ou mortuum vas, cōe ieo pense.

Auxy si feoffement soit fait en morgage sur condition que si le feoffour paya tiel summe a tiel iour &c. Et le feoffour morust deuant le iour vncore si lheire le feoffour paia m̄ le summe a mesm̄ la iour al feoffee, & si le feoffee ceo refusa don (que) lheire le feoffour poit enter, mes en tiel case si ne soit ascun iour de payment expresse, donques tiel tender del heire est voide pur ceo que quant feoffor morust le temps del tender est passe, ou auterment les heires le feoffor aueront temps del tender a touts iours que serra inconuenient q̄ vn [Page] auera vn fee simple a luy & a ses heires q̄ serra defeisable toutes foites a le pleasure & volunt des auters, mes en le prim̄ case le tēps del tender ne fuit expire ꝑ la mort le feffor.

305 Moderata misericordia.

MOderata misericordia, est vn brief & gist lou home est amercy en court Baron ou countie plus que deuer este, donques il auer cest briefe directe al Vicont si soit en countie ou al Bailife si soit en Court baron, eux commandant que il ne luy amerciont, mes eient regard al quantitie de trespas, & sils ne font sur cel briefe, donques issera vers eux vn sicut alias & causam nobis significes & apres ceo vn attachement.

306 Mortmaine.

MOrtmain est lou terres sont dones a vn meason de religiō ou a vn aut company que sont corporate per le graunt le roy, [Page 131] don (que) cest terre est deuenus en mortmaine, cest adire en Angloys a dead hand, & don (que) le roy ou le seign̄ de q̄ le terre est tenus poit entercome appiert en lestatute de religiosis, ideo vide lestatute, Auxi si vn fait feoffement sur confidence a certaine persōs al oeps de vn meason de religion, ou oeps de ascun gyld ou fraternitie corporate, don (que) il serra dit mortmaine, & il encourge m̄ le paine, vt patet per statut, Anno 15. Richardi 2.

Mulier.

MVlier, est vn parol vse en [...]r̄e ley, mes come aptment, ieo ne poy dire ne scay bien, Car accordāt al proper signification, Mulier est faemina corrupta, sicome il est vse per Vlpianus, en vn certeine lieu en tiel maner. Quod si ego me virginem emere putarem cū esset mulier, emptio non valebit. Per ceo poyes voyer, que mulier est vn fēe q̄ ad ew le company dun home: [Page] Mes a relinquisher le droit significatiō, Mulier est prise en nostre ley, pur vn q̄ est loyalmēt engender & nee: & est toutes dits vse en cōparison oues (que) vn bastard solemēt pur monstre vn difference parent eux, cōe pur exā ple. Vn hōe ad vn fites ꝑ vn fēe deuant mariage, cē issu est appel vn bastard & illoial. Et ap̄s il marry oue le mier del bastard, & ount vn auter fites, cest second fites est appel Mulier, cest adire loyall, & serra heire al son pier, mes le auter ne poit este heire al ascun home, pur ceo que il nest conus ne certeyne, en le iudgemēt del ley, que fuit son pere, & pur cest cause est dit, deste nullius filius, ou filius populi, & issint sans pere accordant al cestuy viele verses.

Cui pater est populus, pater est sibi nullus & omnis.

Cui pater est populus, non habet ipse patrem.

Et toutes foites vous [Page 132] troues cest additiō al eux (Bastarde eigne & mulier puisne,) quant ils sount compare ensemble.

Murder.

MVrder est vn volūtarie occider dun home sur malice prepense, & semble de vener de le Saxon paroll Mordren q̄ issint signifie. Et Mordridus est le murderer tāque al cest iour ent eux en Saxonie, de q̄ nous auomus mulis de nostre parolx come ad estre souent dit. Ou poit estre deriue de Mort & dire, quasi mors dira: Vide St. Ples de le Cor. li. 1.

N.

Natiuo habendo.

NAtiuo habendo, est vn briefe, & gist lou le villein ou niefe dun seign̄ est ale de luy, donques le seign̄ auera cē briefe direct al vicount que il face le seignior auer son villeine ou niefe ouesque touts ses chateux. Auxi en cest briefe plusours villeins ou niefs ne parront este demands q̄ deux, mes auxy plusors villeins ou [Page] niefs q̄ voilent ensembl' poient port br̄e De libertate probanda. Auxi si vn nief port briefe De libertate probanda auant que le seignior port cest brief donques le villeine pl' ou niefe serra en peace iesque al venue des Iustice, ou auterment son briefe ne luy aidera.

Auxy si vn villeine ad demurre en ancien demesne ꝑ vn an & vn iour sans claime del Seignior, dōques il ne poit luy sciser deins le dit franchise.

310 Ne admittas.

NE admittas est vn brief direct al Euesque al suit de vn q̄ est patron de ascun Esglise, & il doubta que Leuesque voit collate vn son clerke, ou admit vn auter clerke present ꝑ auter home al dit benefice: donques il que ceo doubta auera cest briefe de inhibiter le vicōt de collater ou admitter ascun a son Esglise.

311 Non omittas propter libertatem.

NOn omittas ꝓpter libertatē est vn brief, & [Page 133] gist lou le Vicont returne sur briefe a luy direct, que il ad maund al Bailife de tiel fraunchise q̄ auer returne des briefes, & il nad seruie le briefe, donques le plaintife auera cest briefe direct al Vicont, que il luy mesme enter en le franchise & execute le briefe le Roy.

Auxy le Vicont garnera le Bailife que il soit deuāt les Iustices al iour contenus en le briefe, & sil ne viēt & luy acquite, donques touts les briefes iudicials que passeront hors del Court le Roy durāt mesme le plee, serront briefes de Non omittas &c. & le Vicont ferra execution de eux pendant cel plee.

Negatiua pregnans.

NEgatiua pregnans, est quant vn action ou informatiō, ou tiel semblable est port enuers vn, & le defendant plede en barre del action, ou auterment vn negatiue plee, que nest cy special [Page] aunswere al action, mes que il enclude auxy vn affirmatiue. Come pur example: Si en brief de Entre in casu prouiso, port per cestuy en le reuersion sur alienatiō per le tenant pur vie, supposant que il ad alien en fee (que est vn forfaiture de son estate) & le tenant al briefe dit, que il nad alien in fee, cest vn negatiue, en que est enclude vn affirmatiue: car nient obstant il soit veray que il nad alien en fee, vncore il poit estre que il ad fait vn estate en taile (le quel est auxy vn forfaiture) & donques le entrie de celuy en le reuersion est loyal &c.

Item en vn Quare impedit, le Roigne fist title de presenter a vn Prebēd, ratione que les temporalties de leuescherie sueront en sa maines per le mort de W. nuper Episcopi &c. Le defendant dist q̄ ne voida pas esteants les temporalties en les maines des Roign ꝑ le mort de W. cest vn [Page 134] negatiue preignans, car il poit estre en les mains del Roigne, auterment que per le mort de W. & i [...] su [...]fist al Roigne si soit en sa mains &c.

Issint est lou vn Information fuit port in Scaccario vers I. S. pur ceo q̄ il achate laines enter shering temps & le Assumption tali anno de I. N. Le defendant dit quod non emit de I. N. come il est alleage &c. ceo est appel vn Negatiue preignans, car [...]il ceo achate de auter, vncore il est culpable pur le achater.

Ne iniuste vexes.

NE iniuste vexes, Vide de ceo deuant titulo Monstrauerunt.

Niefe.

NIefe, est vn [...]eme que est bonde, ou vn villeine feme, mes si el marie vn franke home, el est per ceo fait franke, pur ceo que el & [...]on baron sont forsque vn person en ley, & el coment estre de mesme le nature & condition en ley a touts intents come son baron. [Page] Mes sa baron est frank a touts intents sans ascun condition en ley, ou auterment: & issint per consequens, le feme couient estr̄, & est frank accordāt al nature de sō frank baron, & donques si el soit vn foits frank & clerem̄t discharge de villeinage a touts intents, el ne poit estre nief apres sans especial act fait per luy, come diuorce ou conusans en court de record, & ceo est en fauour de libertie, & pur ceo vn frank feme ne serra villein per prisel del villein al son baron: Mes lour issue serra villeines come lour pere fuit, que est contrarie a le ley Ciuil, car la est dit, partus sequitur ventrem.

Bondage ou villenage ad son commencement enter les Hebrewes, & son originall proceeding de Chanaā le fites de Cham, que ꝑur ceo que il auoit derisee son pere Noe gysant dissolutement quant il fuit ebriee, fuit puny en son fites Chanaan oues (que) penaltie de bondage.

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Nihil dicit.

NIhil dicit, est quant vn action est port enuers vn home, & le defendant appeare, le plaintife declare, & le defendant ne voile responder, ou plede al action, & no mainteine son plee, mes fait defaulte, ore sur cest default, il serra condempne, quia nihil dicit.

Nisi prius.

NIsi prius, est vn briefe iudicial, & gist quant l [...]nquest est empanell & returne deuant les Iustices en banke, donques le plaintife ou defendant puvt auer cest briefe directe al vicont, luy commaundant que il face venir la pais deuant les Iustices en mesme le county a lour venir la destre detmine, & ceo pur easement denquest.

Nomination.

NOmination, est ou vne poit en droit de son mannour ou auterment nominate, & appoint vn able Clerke, ou home al vn Parsonage, Vicarage, [Page] ou tiel spiritual promotion. Et nota que cest nomination doit estre al auter que lordinarie, que auter luy presentera al Ordinarie.

318 Nonabilitie.

NOnabilitie, est lou vn action est port vers vn, & le defendantdit que le plaintif est non able de suer ascun action, & demand iudgment sil serra respond. il y ad vi causes de nonabilitie ē le pl', cōe sil so [...]t vtlage, ou vne alien nee, mes cest disability est ē actions reals & mixt solement & non en actions personals, sinon q̄ il soit vn alien enemy, ou cōdempne en premunire, ou professe en vn Abbey, Priorie ou Friarie, ou excommenge, ou vn villaine, & sue son Seigniour, mes cest darreme nest plee pur auter que nest Seigniour al villain. Vide plus de ceo Littl. lib. 2. cap. 11.

Nude Contract.

NVde Contract, ou nude promise, est lou vn [Page 136] home bargaine ou vende ses tres, ou biens, ou promise pur doner al auter money, ou vn chiual, ou a edifier vn meason, ou faire tiel chose a tiel iour & nul recompence appoint a luy pur le faire de ceo. Come si vn dit al auter, ieo vende ou done a vous touts mes terres ou biens. Et la est nul chose appoint, assigne, ou agree, que lauter donera, ou payera pur ceo, issint que il nad quid pro quo, cest vn nude contract & voide en ley, & pur non performance de ceo nul action gist, car ex nudo pacto non oritur actio.

Nusauns.

NVsans, est lou ascun home leuye ascun mure, ou estop ascun ewe ou fait ascun chose sur son terre demesne a noyance son prochain, cestuy que est grief auera ent vn briefe appell Assise de Nusance. Auxy si il que fist le nusaunce alien sa terre a vn auter, donques cest brief serra port [Page] deuers ambideux come appiert per lestatut westminster, 2. cap. 24.

321 Nuper obijt.

NVper obiit, est vn br̄, & gist lou vn ad plusours heirs, cest ascauoir, plusours filesou plusours fits si soit en gauelkind ē Kent, & deuie seisie & vn heire entra en tout la tre, donque les auters q̄ sont tenus dehors, aueront cē br̄ vers le coheire que est deins. Mes brief de Rationabili parte gist en tyel case ou launcestour fuit vn foits seysie, & ne mo [...]ust seisie de possession, mes del reuersion.

O.

322 Oredelfe.

ORedelfe, est lou vne clayme de auer le ore que est troue en son soile ou terre.

323 Outfangthiefe.

OVtfangthiefe, hoc est, quod latrones de tra vestra, vel feodo vestro, extra trā vestrā, vel feodū vestrū, capti cū latrocinio, ad curiā vestram reuertā rur, & ibidem iudicentur.

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Oweltie.

OWeltie, est quant il y ad seigniour, mesne & tenant, & le tenant tient del mesne ꝑ mesm̄ les seruices que le mesne tient ouster de le seigniour paramount. Come si le tenant tient del mesne per homage, fealtie, & xx. s. de rent annuelment, & le mesne tiēt ouster de le seigniour paramont ꝑ homage, fealtie, & xx. s. rēt auxy, cest appel oweltie de seruices.

Oier de Records & faits &c.

OIer de records & faits, ē sicōe pur example, vn action de det soit port enuers vn hōe sur vn obligation, & le defendant appere al action, & donques pray que il poitoier obligation ouesque que le plaintife charge luy.

Issint est quant executors port vn action de dette, & le defendant demaunde oyer del testament: sur cest demand il serra lye al defē dant. Mes sil soit en vn auter terme, ou apres [Page] que le defendant ad imparle, donques il n [...]uera le oyer Et issint come est dit de faits est deste intēd de Records que sont alledge enuers luy.

326 Oier & Terminer.

OIer & Terminer, est br̄ appel in Latin de Audiendo & terminando, & gist q [...]t ascun graund ou sodein insurrectiō est falt ou ascun auter sodein transgression que require hasty reformation, don (que) le roy directera vn commission a certain gents & Iustices de audiendo & terminando.

Nota que les Iustices de Assise ont vn commission doier & determiner direct al cux, & diuers auters inhabitants deins les Counties as queux lour circuite extend dont chescun de les Iustices de Assise sont del Quorum, pur le meulx oier & determiner de diuers offences queux poi [...]nt a vener in lour circuites quels sanscel Commission eux ne poient faire.

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P.

Pape.

PApe, est vn auncient nosme fauxement arrogate, ou hautm̄t vsurpe per le Euesque de le sole Citie de Rome ē Italie, & est communem̄t appel en Anglois le Pope, vn nosm̄ veram̄t mult frequēnt en nr̄e aunc annels liūs, specialm̄t ē les tēps de ceux Royes, queux grandm̄t abandonās lour imperial aucthority, & abasāts eux mesmes mult debase lour estate, ne fueront hont de suffer vn alien & outlandish Eues (que) que enhabite ouster cynq̄ diz cēt miles de eux, destre soueraigne dehaut eux ē lour dominions demesne, & de toller de eux non solem̄t le disposition de certain petire trifles de nul accōpt, mes auxi le nomination de Archieuesques, euesq̄s, Abbes, deanes, prouosts, appropriations de benefices, presentatiōs al parsonages, vicarages, & gen̄alm̄t de touts spirituall persons a lour preferm̄ts [Page] ascun temps per laps, ascun temps per prouision ou auterment, per que le praerog. del royes fuit moult abridg deins lour realmes demesne, Pur le repression de quel diūs statutes ont estr̄ fait, mes nul sufficient remedy tā q̄ roy H. le 8. tout ousterment reiect cel iuge de luy & ses subiects.

328 Per que seruitia.

VIde de ceo apres, titulo Quid iuris clamat.

329 Parceners.

PArceners, sont solon [...]que le cours de common ley, & solonque le custome. Parceners solō que le common ley sont lou vn enheritor ad issue forsque files & deuie, & les tenemēts descendont a les files, donques ils sont appel parceners, & sont forsques vn heire. Mesme le ley est, si neyt ascune issue, & que ses freres serroyent ses heirs, Mes si home ad forsque vn sile el nest dit parcener, mes el est dit la file, & la heire. Et si ne sont [Page 139] files ne soers les terres descenderont a les auters, & ils sont appels parceners. Auxi quant terres descendont a diuers parceners, els poyent faire partition enter eux per agreemente, mes si ascun deux ne voilent faire donque lauter ou les auters aueront vn briefe de Participatione sacienda direct al vic' que ferra partition enter eux per le serement de xii. loyals hōes de sa bailiwik. Auxi partition per agreement poit este fait per le ley, auxibien per parol sans fait come per fait. Et [...] sont de plein age, le partition touts iours demurrera, & ne seria vnq̄; defete. Mes si les terres sont a eux in le taile, & comēt q̄ ils sont cōcludes durāt lour vies, vnc' lissue cesty que ad le meinder part in value poit disagreer a le ꝑtition & enter & occupier in cōen ouesq̄ laut part. Et auxy si les barons des parceners font partition, quant le baron deuy, la feme poit disagreer [Page] a la partic'. Auxi si le parcen̄ q̄ est deins age fait ꝑtition, quant el vient a son pleine age, el poit disagreer. Mes il couiēt de bn̄ garder quāt el vient a son plein age, q̄ el ne preigne touts les profits a son vse demesne des terres q̄ fueront a luy allots car donques el soy agrea a le partition, & le pleine age serra toutes foits de ceo intend al age de xxi. ans.

Auxi si sont diuers Parceners q̄ ont faite partitiō enter eux, & le part de vn soit recouer vers luy ꝑ title loyal, don (que) el compeller̄ les auters de faire nouel partition.

Auxy ils sont Parcen̄s solonques le custome, lou home est seisie des terres en gauelkind cōe in Kent & auters lieus fraunchises, & ad issue diuers fits & deuie, donques les fites sont parceners per le custome.

330 Partition.

PArtition est vn diuision de terres discendus ꝑ le common ley, ou per custome [Page 140] perenter coheires ou parceners, ou ils sont deux al mein [...]s, soyent ils fits, files, soers, aunts, ou auterm̄t de kinne al auncestour de que le terre discend al eux.

Et cest partition est fait quatuor voves pur le plus part, de que trois sont al pleasure & per agreement perenter eux, le quart est per compulsion.

Vn partition per agreement est quant ils mesmes deuide le tre equalment en tants partes, come la sont de eux coparceners, & chescun de [...]slier vn share ou part, le eigne primerment, & issint lun apres lauter, come ils sont de age, sinon que le eigne per consent fait le partition, donques le election appertient al procheine, & issint al eigne darreinment, accordant come il est di [...] Cuius est partitio, alterius est electio.

Vn auter partition per agreement est quant ils eslient certeine de lour [Page] amies de faire diuision pur eux.

Le tierce partic' ꝑ agrement est ꝑ trahens de lots issint: Primerm̄t de deuider le terre en tants des partes come la sont parceners: don (que) a scriber chescun part seueralment en vn petit scrol ou peece de paper ou parchment, & de m [...]tter ceux scrols closeen vn hat, cap, ou aut tiel sēblable chose, & dō ques chescū parcener, vn ap̄s aut cōe ils sont de age a traher hors de ceo vn peece ou scrol en que est escript vn part del terre q̄ per cest trahens est ore seueralmēt allotte al cux en fee simple.

Le quart partition que est ꝑ compulsion, est lou vn ou ascun de les coparceners voilent auer partition, & auts ne voilent agreer a ceo, don (que) ceux q̄ issint voylent auer partition poyent porter vn br̄e de Partitione facienda enuers les auts q̄ux ne voylent faire partition, ꝑ vertue de q̄l ils serront compel de departer &c.

[Page 141]En Kent lou les terres sont de Gauelkinde nature, est appel a cest iour nostre partition Shifting, il mesme parol q̄ les Saxons vse, nosmement Shiftan, que signifie pur faire partitiō perenter coheirs, & pur assigner a chescun de eux lour portiō, In Latine est appel Herciscere.

Partition auxy poit estr̄ fait per ioyntenants ou tenants en common per lour assent, per fait enter eux, ou per briefe per les statutes de 31. H. 8. cap. 1. & 32. H. 8. cap. 32.

Parties.

PArties al fine ou fait, sont ceux queux sont nosmes en faits ou fines come parties a ceo, come ceux queux leuie le fine, & auxy ils a que le fine est leuie. Et ils que font vn fait de feoffement, & ils a que il est fait sont appelles parties al fait, & issint en auters semblables cases.

Nota que si vn Indenture soit fait enter deux [Page] come parties a ceo en le commencement, & en le fait vn de eux graunta ou lessa vn chose al vn auter & vn que nest nosme en le commencement, il nest partie al fait, ne prendra riens per ceo

332 Patron.

PAtron est celuy que ad le aduowson de parsonage, vicarage, frāk chappel, ou tiels semblable spiritual promotions appertient a son mannor, ou auterment en grosse, & per ceo poit ou doit doner mesme le benefice, ou present a ceo, quant & cy tost que il deuient voide. Et cest esteant patron ou patronage ad commencement pur le pluis part per vn de eux trois voies, nosmement ou ratione fundationis, pur ceo que le patron ou ses ancestors ou ceux de que il claime fueront founders ou edifiers de le Esglise, ou ratione dotationis, pur ceo q̄ ils endow ou done terres al ceo pur maintenance: [Page 142] ou autm̄t ratione fūdi, pur ceo q̄ le Esglise fuit mise ou edifie sur lour soile ou terre: Et diuers temps per reason de ils touts trois.

Perquisites.

PErquisites sont aduantages & profits queux vient al vn mānor ꝑ casualtie, & non annualment, come escheates, hariots, reliefes, waiues, estraies, forfaitures, amerciamēts en courts, gardes, marriages, biens & terres purchase ꝑ villeins de mesme le manor, fines del copyholds, & diuers sembl' choses queux ne sont certain mes happē ꝑ chance, ascun temps pluis often que a auter temps. Vide Perkins fol. 20. & 21.

Perambulatione facienda.

PErambulatione facienda est vn br̄, & gist lou deux seigniories gisont vn pres lauter, & ascū encrochment est fait per long temps, donques per assent de ambideux seigniors le vicont prendera ouesque luy les parties & les vicines, & ferront [Page] perambulation, & ferroit les mets come ils fuerōt adeuant, mes si vn seign̄ incroche sur lauter & il ne voile faire perābulation, donq̄s le seign̄ issint greue auera briefe vers lauter, q̄ est appel de rationabilibus diuisis.

Petit Cape.

PEtit Cape est vn briefe, & gist quant ascun action real. s. de plee de terre est port, & le tenant appeare, & puis fait default, donque issera cest briefe de petit cape de seiser les terres en mayne le Roy, mes sil ne appera, mes fait defaut al primer somons, don (que) issera vn graund cape, & pur tiel defaut le tenaunt perdra la terre, mes sil gage son ley de non summōs, il sauera son defaut, & donques il puit plede ouesque le demaundant. Et en graunde Cape le tenaunt serra sommō pour respō der al default & ouster al demaundant, mes in petit Cape il serra summon pur respōder al default solement, & nemye [Page 143] al demandant, & est appell petite cape pur ceo que il ad minus en cel briefe, que en lauter.

Petit serieantie.

TEner ꝑ petite serieantie est sicome vn hōe tient de roy terres ou tenem̄ts, rendant a luy vn cuttell, vn escue, vn sete, vn arck sauns corde, ou auter seruice sembl', a la volunt le primer feoffor. Et la nappent, gard, mariage ne reliefe. Et nota que home ne puit tener per graund serieantie, ne ꝑ petite serieantie, si non del Roy.

Plaintife.

PLaintife, est celuy q̄ sue ou cōplaine en vn assise, ou en vn actiō personall, come en vn actiō de det, trespas, disceit, & detinue, & tiels semblables.

Pleading.

PLeadings, sont appell [...] toutes actes del parties al sute apres le count ou declaration, nosement ceo que est conteyne en le barre, replication, & reioynder, & non ceo containe en le coūt mesme, & pur ceo defaultes [Page] en le matter del count, ne sont cōprise deins mispleading, ou insufficient pleading, ne sont remedy ꝑ le statute de Ieofailes, 32. H. 8. Mes solement ceo mispleading ou insufficient pleading, commit en le barre, replication, & reioynder, sont la prouide.

339 Post disseisin.

POst disseisin, Vide de ceo deuant in le title Assise.

340 Possession.

POssession, est dit deux voies, ou actual possession, ou possession en ley.

Actuall possession, est quant vn home enter en fait en terres, ou tenem̄ts, a luy discende, ou auterment. Possession en ley est quant terres, ou tenementes sont discend al vn hōe, & il nad vncore realment, actualment, & en fait enter en eux. Et il est appell possession en ley, pur ceo que en le oile, & consideration del ley, il est pense deste en possession, entant que il est tenaunt [Page 144] a chescun action que ascun voet suer concernāt mesmes les terres ou tenements.

Poundes.

POundes, sont en deux sorts, lun poundes oūt, les auters poundes close.

Pound ouert, est chescun lyeu en que vn disstresse est myse, soit ceo common pound, tiels que sont en chescun ville ou Seigniorie, ou soit ceo backside, court, yarde, pasture, ou auterment quecunque, lou le owner del distresse poit vener a doner eux viande sauns offēce pur lour esteaunt la, ou son vener. la.

Pound close, est tyel lieu, lou le owner del distresse ne poit vener a don̄ eux vyande sans offence, come en vn close, meson, ou quecun (que) auter lieu.

Preamble.

PReamble ad son nosme de le preposition (pre) deuaunt, & le verbe (Ambulo) pur va, issint ioint enseble, ils font vn cōpound verbe de le primer coiugation (Preambulo) [Page] pur vaer deuaunt, & de ceo le primer part ou commencement dun acte est appell le preamble de act, le quel preamble est vn cliffe de ouerer les ments del fesors del act, & les mischiefes que ils intend de remedy per ceo, come pur example lestatute fait al W. le primer le 37. cap. que done attaint, le preamble de que est issint. Pur ceo que ascuns gents de la terre doutent meins faux serement faire, que faire ne duissent, per que multes des gentes sont disherites & perdēt lour droit, puruiewe est &c.

343 Premunire.

PRemunire est vn brief, & gist lou ascun home sue ascun auter in court christian pur ascun chose que est determinable en le court le Roy, & ceo est ordeine per certein statutes, & graund punishmēt a ceo ordeine come appiert per mesme les statutes. s. que il serra hors de protection le Roy, & q̄ soit mis en prison [Page 145] sans Baile ou mainprise tanque ils ad fayt fine al volunt le Roy, & que ses terres & chateux serront forfaites sil ne veigne deins deux moys. Auxi lour prouisors, procurators, attourneys, executors, notaries & mainteners serront punish en mesme le maner, ideo vide Statutum. Auxy ascuns diont que si vn Clerke sue auter home in court de Rome pur chose spiritual lou il poit auer remedie deins cest realm in Court son Ordinarie que il serra in case del statute.

Et sur diuers auters offences est impose per statutes depuis fait le penaltie que eux incurre queux fuer attaintes en premunire, Come ꝑ 13. El. ca. 8. ceux que aidont a faire corrupt bargaine sur que vsurie est reserue ouster x. li pur le hundreth en lan &c.

Precipe in capite.

PRecipe in capite, est vn briefe & gist lou le tenant que tient de Roy [Page] in chiefe, come de sa Corone & il est deforce dō ques il auera cest briefe, & cest briefe serra close & serra plede in le common banke. Auxi si ascun tenant que tient dascun Seigniour sort deforce, luy couient suer brief de droit patent que serra determyne in le Court le Seignior, mes si le terr̄ soit tenns de Roy, le briefe de droit patent serra port in Court de Roy, & cest briefe poit este remoue de la Court le Seigniour en la Countie per vn tolt, & de la countie in commen bāke per vn pone. Ideo vide deuant titulo Droit.

345 Prescription.

PRescription est quant vn person claime ascun chose pur ceo que il, ses auncestors ou predecessors, ou ceux que estate il ad ont ew ou vse ascun chose dont nul memory court al contrary.

Mes ne poit prescribe encounter vn estatute sinon que il ad auter statute [Page 146] que serue pur luy.

Presentment.

PResentment est equiuocū: lun est presentment al Esglise quel quant ascun home que ad droit a don̄ ascun benefice spiritual, & nosme le person al Euesque a que il voit le doner, & fait vn letter al euesque pur luy, ceo est vn presentation ou p̄sentment, Mes si diuers coheires ne poient accorder en presentment le [...]ne serra admit, mes de iointenants & tenants in common, sils ne accordent, deins les size moys, le Euesque presentera per laps.

Lauter est vn presentment ou informatiō per ascun Iurie en vn Court deuant ascun officer la q̄ ad aucthority de punishe [...] ascun offence fait contra le ley.

Pretensed Droit ou Title.

PRetensed droit ou Title, est lou vn ē en poss. de [...]erres, ou tenements, & vn auter que est hors de possession, claime ceo, [Page] ou sue pur ceo. Ore le p̄ tensed droit, ou title, est dit en luy q̄ issint sue ou claime. Et sil puis vient a le possessiō de mesme les terres, ou tenements, son droit ou title est annex al terre & possession, & mēt donque appel droit.

348 Priuie ou Priuitie, & Priuities.

PRiuie ou Priuitie, est lou vn lease est fait a tener a volūt. pur ans, pur vie, ou vn feoffement en fec, & en diuers auts cases, ore pur ceo de ceo q̄ ad passe ꝑenter ceux parties ils sount appell priuies, en respect de estrangers perent queux nul tiel conueiances ad estre.

Auxy si soit Seyguiour & tenaunt, & le tenant tient del Seigniour per certeine seruice, il y ad vn priuitie perenter eux per cause de tenure, & si le tenaunt soit disseisie per vn estraunger, il ad nul priuitie perenter le disseysour & le Seignior, mes le priuitie vncore demurt perent le Seign̄ & le tenant que est [Page 147] disseisie, & le Seigniour auowera sur luy pur ceo que il est son tenaunt en droit, & en le iudgement del ley. Priuies sont en diuers sortes come nosment, priuies en estate, priuies en fait, priuies en ley, priuies en droit, & priuies en [...]ange.

Priuies en estate, est lon vn lease est fait del mannor de Dale al A. pur vie, le remainder al B. en fee, la & A. & B. sont priuies en estate, car lour estates fueront ambideux al vn temps.

Et issint est en le primer case cy, ou vn lease est fait al volunt, pur vie, ou ans, ou vn feoffement en fee, les lessees ou seffees sont appel priuies en estate, & issint sont lour heires &c.

Priuies en fait est lou vn lease est fait pur vie, & apres per vn auter fait, le reuersion est graunt al vn estraunger en fee, c [...]st grauntee del reuersion est appel priuie en fait, pur ceo que il ad le reuersion per fait.

[Page]Priuie en ley est lou il est Seigniour & tenant, le tenaunt lessa le tenancie pur vie & morust sauns heire & le reuersion escheate al Seignior, il est dit priuie en ley, pur ceo que il ad son estate solement per le ley, cest adire per escheat.

Priuie en droit est lou vn possesse dun termepur ans, graunta son estate al vn auter sur condition, & fait ses executors & morust, ore ceux executors sont priuies en droit, car si le condition soit enfreint, & ils entront en le terre, ils aueront ceo en le droit de lour testatour, & a son vse.

Priuie de sanke est le heire del feoffor ou donor &c.

Item si vn fine soit leuie, les heirs de celuy que leuie le fine sont appell priuies.

349 Priuiledges.

PRiuiledges sont liberties & franchises grant al vn office, lieu, ville, ou mannor, per la graund charter del Roigne, letters [Page 148] patents, ou acte de Parliament, come Tolle, Sake, Socke, Infangthiefe, Outfangthiefe, Turne tolle, Oredelfe, & diuers tiels semblables, pur queu [...] veyes en lour proper titles & lieux.

Proces.

PRoces, sont les briefes & precepts q̄ iss [...]nt fur le original: Et in actions reals & personels sont diuers sortes de proces, car en actiōs reals proces est grand Cape deuant apparance: ideo vide de c [...]o en le title petite Cape.

Mes en actions personals, come en det trespas ou detinue, le proces est vn distres, & si le Vicont returne Nihil habet in balliua &c. donq̄s le proces ē alias Capias & Pluries, & vn Exigent, & ils sont appels Capias ad respondendum. Auxy lexigent serra v. foites proclaimes, & si le ꝑtie [...]appeare il serra vtl [...]ge [...] Mes en diuers actions [...]ont diuers manners de proces, q̄ pluis longe est declare in Natura breuium.

[Page]Auxy s [...]nt diuers auters proces apres apparance quant les parties sont al issue pur faire lenquest apperer, come vn brief de Venire facias, & sils ne apperont al iour, dōques vn brief de Habeas corp. Iurat, & apres vn br̄e de Distring iurat.

Auxy sont diuers auters proces apres iudgm̄t, come Capias ad satisfacicndū, Capias vtlagatū, & Capias ad valentiam &c.

Mes Capias ad satisfaciendum gist lou vn home est condempne in ascun det ou damages, donques il serra arrest per cē briefe & mis en prison sans baile ou mainprise, tan (que) il ad pay le det & les damages.

Mes Capias vtlagatum gist lou vn est vtlage dō ques il serra prise per tiel br̄e, & mis en prison sans baile ou mainprise, pur ceo que il ad fait contempt enconter le ley.

Capias ad valentiā gist lou ieo sue implede de certain terre, & [...]eo vouch a garrantie vn auter, & [Page 149] il ne scauoit pas barre le demandant, issint que le demandant recouer vers moy, donques ieo recouera tant in value vers le vouchee, & donques issera cest brief.

Auxy sont auters proces & briefs iudicials, cōe Fieri facias, Scire facias, & plusors auters: & ideo vide ceux ē lour titles.

Prochein amy.

PRochein amy, est communem̄t prise pur Gardian en socage, & est lou vn home seisi de terres tenus en socage morust, son issue deins age de 14: ans, donques le prochein amy, ou prochein de sank a que les terres ne poient vener ou discender, auera le gard del heire, & del terre, al vse solement del heire, tanque il vient al age de xiiii. ans: Et donques a tiel ans, le heire poit enter & luy ouste, & auer luy de accompter: Mes en cest accompt il auera allowance put touts reasonable costs & expē ces bestowe, ou sur le heir ou son terre.

[Page]Et le prochein amy ou procheine de sanke a que le inheritāce ne poit discender est issint deste entende: Si les terres discende al heir de son pere, ou ascun del sanke del parte son pere, donques le mere ou auter del part le mere, sont appelle procheine de sanke a que le enheritance ne poit discender, car deuant que il issint discendera, il pluis tost escheatera al seignior de que il est tenus.

Et issint est deste entē de lou les terres vient al heire de sa mere, ou ascun auter de sanke del part sa mere, donques le pere ou auter del parte son pere sont appell le procheine de sanke a que le enheritaunce ne poit discend, mes pluis tost eschetera al Seigniour de que il est tenus.

Auterment procheine amy est celuy q̄ appiert en ascun Court pur vn enfant que sue ascun action, & que [...]de le enfant de pursuer son suit: dont vide les statutes de [Page 150] W. 1. cap. 47. & W. 2. cap. 15. que vn enfant ne poit faire Atturney, mes le Court poit admitter le procheine amye pur le plaintife, & vn gardian pur le enfant def. come son Atturney.

Procedendo.

PRocedendo, est vn br̄e & gist lou ascun action est sue en vn Court, que est remoue a vn pluis hault, cōe al Chauncery, banke le roy, ou commō banke, per bre de Priuilege ou Cerciorare, & si le defendant sur le matt monstre nad cause de priuilege, ou si le matter in le bill sur que le cerciorare issuit ne soyt bien proue, donques la plaintife auera cest briefe de Procedédo pur remaunder le matter al primer basse court, & la destre determine.

Prohibition.

PRohibition, est vn br̄e & gist lou home est implede in court Christian de chose que ne touch [Page] matrimony ne testament ne meeremēt dismes, mes q̄ touch le corone nostre seigniour le Roy, & cest briefe serra direct auxibien al partie come al Iudge ou son officiall, de eux prohibite que il ne pursue ouster. Mes si il appeare apres a les Iudges temporal q̄ le matter est destre determine en le spiritual Court, & nemy en le Court temporall, don (que) le partie auera vn br̄ de Consultation, commandant les Iudges de le Court spiritual de proceder en la primer plee.

354 Protection.

PRotection, est vn briefe & gist lon home voit passer ouster le meare en le seruice le Roy, don (que) il auera cest briefe, & ꝑ cest brief il serra quite de tout maner des plees enter luy & ascun auter person, except plees de dower, Quare impedit, assise de nouel disseisin, vlti [...]e presentationis & attain [...]s, & plees deuaunt Iustice in eire. Mes sont deux [Page 151] briefe de protection, vn Cum clausula volumus, & lauter Cum clausula nolumus, vt appert in la Register. Auxy protection ne serra allowe en ascun plee commence deuant le date de la protection si ne soit in vyages ou le Roy mesme passa, ou auters vyages royals, ou in message le Roy pur besoin de Realme. Auxy protection ne serra allow pur vitailes achates pur le vyage, dont le protection fait mention, ne in plees de trespasse ou de contracts fait puis le date de mesme le protection. Mes nota que ascun poit attacher ou commencer ascun action reall vers cestuy que ayt tiel protection, & en ceo proceder tanque le defendant eigne & monstre son ꝓtection en le Court, & ayt ceo allowe, & donques son plee ou suit serra mise sans iour. Mes si apres il appiert q̄ le partie que ad le protection ne va en le besoigne pur que il cir, don (que) le demā dant [Page] auera vn repeale de ceo. Et sil va & returne apres le besoigne sine, le demandant auera vn resummons de recontinue le former suit.

355 Protestation.

PRotestation est vn form̄ de pleading quant ascū ne voyt directm̄t affirmer ne directment denier ascū chose quel est alledge per auter, on q̄ il m̄ alledge. Et est en deux manners, lun est quant vn plead ascun chose quel il ne osast directment affirmer, ou que il ne poit ceo pleder pur doubt de faire son plee double. Come si en conueying a l [...]y title al ascun terre, il doit pleder diuers discents per diuers persons, & il nosast affirmer que eux toutes fueront seisi al temps de lour mort, ou coment il ceo purroyt, ceo serra double a pleder deux discents, de queux ambideux chescun aperluy poyt estre bone barre, Donques le defendant doit pleder & alleager le matt enterlasant [Page 152] cest paroll Protestando, come adire, que tiel obiit (protestando) seisie &c. Et ceo est deste alledge per protestation & nemy trauersable per lauter. Auter protestation est, quant vn est de responder al deux choses & tamen per le ley il doit pleader forsque a lun, donques en le primer part del plee, il dira al vn matter, Protestando, & non cognoscendo, cel matter estre vere, & faire son plee ouster per ceux parols, Sed pro placito dicit &c. & ceo est pur saluation al partie (que issint plede per protestation.) deste conclude per ascun matter alle [...]ge ou obiect encounter luy, sur que il ne poit ioyner issue. Et nest auter chose que exclusion del conclusion, car il que prist le protestation exclude lauter partie de concluder luy. Et cest protestation doyt estoyer one le sequel del plee, & nemy deste repugnant, ou auterment contrarie.

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Purchase.

PVrchase est le possessiō que vn home ad en tres ou tenements per son act demesne, meanes, ou agreement, & nemy ꝑ title [...]e disc [...]n [...], de ascun de ses ancestors. Vide Littleton lib. 1. cap. 1.

Q.

357 Quale ius.

QVale ius, est vn briefe & gist lou ascun Abbot, Prior, ou [...]tiels auters aueront iudgement de recouer terre, per le default del tenant ve [...]s que le tre est demaund; donques deuaunt iudgement don ou execution agard, cest bre issera al eschetour pur inquirer quel droit il ad a recouer, & si soit troue q̄ il nad droit donques le seigniour q̄ duist auer le terre si le tenant vst alien en mortmaine poit enter come en terre alien en mortmaine, Cor cel perd per default est come alienation, Vide le statute W. 2. cap. 32.

[Page 153]Mes briefe de Ad quod dampnum gist lou vn voile doner terre al meason de religion, donques cest briefe issera al Eschetor, pur inquirer de que value le terre est, & quel preiudice il serra al Roy.

Quare eiecit infra terminum.

QVare eiecit infra terminum est vn briefe, & gist lou vn fait lease a vn auter pur terme dans, & le lessour infeoffe vn auter, & le feoffee ousta le termour, donques le termor auera cest briefe vers le feoffee, mes si vn auter estrange ouste le termor donques il auera briefe de Eiectione firme vers luy, & in ceux deux briefes il recouera le terme & ses dammages.

Quare impedit.

QVare impedit, est vn br̄, & gist lou ieo aie aduowsō, & le ꝑson deuie & vn auter present son clerke, ou moy disturbe [Page] de present, don (que) ieo auera le dit briefe. Mes assise de darraine presentment gist, lou ieo ou mō ancestors ont present deuant. Et lou home poit auer Assise de darrain presentment, il poit auer vn Quare impedit, mes nemy contrary.

Auxi si le plee soit dependant inter deux parties, & ne soit discusse deins vi [...]oys, donques leuesque presentera ꝑ laps, & cestuy que ad droit de presenter, recouera dam̄ com̄ appiert ꝑ statute de West. 2. c. 5. Ideo vide statut [...] ̄. Auxy si cestuy q̄ ad droit de presenter apres le more le parson, & ne porta Quare impedit, ne darrem presentment, mes suffer vn estrange de vsurper sur luy, vncore il auera vn briefe de Droit daduowson, mes cest br̄e ne gist, sil ne claim dauer lauowson a luy & ses hr̄es in fee simple.

360 Quare incumbrauit.

QVare incumbrauit, est vn briefe, & gist lou [Page 154] deux sont in plee pur lauowson, & Leuesque admit le clerke dun de eux depuis les vi. mois, donques il auera cest briefe vers leuesque, mes cest br̄ gist touts foites pendant le plee.

Quare intrusit matrimonio non satisfacto.

QVare intrusit matrimonio non satisfacto, est vn br̄ & gist lou le sn̄r profera conuenable mariage a son gard & il refusa & entra in la terre & soy marrie a vn aut, donques le Seigniour auera cest briefe vers luy.

Quare non admisit.

QVare non admisit, est vn briefe, & gist lou home ad recouer vn aduowson, & il maund son conuenable clerk al euesque pur este admitte, & le Euesque ne voile luy receiuer, donques il auera le dit briefe vers le Euesque, mes briefe de Ne admittas gist lou deux sont in plee si le pleintife suppose que leuesque [Page] voit admit le clerk le defendāt, don (que) il poit auer cest br [...]al Eues (que), luy cō maundant que il ne luy admit pendant le plee.

363 Quarentine.

QVarentine est lou hōe deuie seisi dun maner place & dauters terres, dont sa feme doit este endow, don (que) la feme tiendra se en le maner place, & la viue del store & issu de ceo por quarant iours, deins q̄l temps son dower serra a luy assigne come appiert in Magna Charta Capitulo 6.

364 Quid iuris clamat.

QVid iuris clamat, est vn b [...]e & gist lou ieo grant le reuersion de mō tenant a terme de vie per fine in Court le roy, & le tenant [...]e voyt atturner, donques le grantee auera cest briefe pur luy chaser pur atturner. Mes briefe de Quem redditum reddit gist lou [...]eo grant per fine vn rent charge, ou auter rent que nest rent seruice quel mon tenant [Page 155] tient de moy, & le tenant ne voit atturner, donques le grauntee auera cest br̄. Et briefe de Per que seruitia gist en semblable case pur rent seruice.

Auxy si ieo graunt iii [...]. diuers rents a vn home, & le tenant del terre attorna al grauntee per payment de vn denier, ou vn maile en no [...]me de attornement de toutes ceux rents, cest attornement luy mittera en seisin de tout cest rent. Mes ceux ii [...]. briefes couient estre port vers eux que sont tenants iour del note leuy, & vers nul auters.

Quinzime.

QVinzime est vn payment graunt en Parliament al Ro [...]gne per les layes gents, cestascauoir, le quinzime part de lour biens: Et fuit vse en auncient temps deste leuie sur lour auers esteants en lour terres, que chose fuit mult troublous, & pur ceo a ore pur le plus parte, cest voy est alter, [Page] & ils vse de leuie ceo per les Verges, ou Acre, ou auter measure de [...]re. Per reason de que il est a ore meins troublous, & plus certeine [...] deuant il fuit. Et chescun ville & pays scient, quel sūme est deste pay parenter eux, & coment ceo ser [...] raise. Nous [...]egimus que Moyses fuit le primer que number le le people, car il number les [...]sraelites, & pur ceo le primer Taxe, Subsidie, tribute, ou quinzime fuit inuent per luy enter les Hebrewes, come Polidore Virgile suppose.

366 Quod ei deforciat.

QVod ei deforciat, est vn brief & gist lou tenant en le taile, tenant in dower, ou tenaunt a terme de vie perde per default in ascun action, donques cesty que perde auera cest briefe vers celuy que recouera, ou vers son heire, si il intend que il auoit melior droit que il que recouera. Vide le Statute Westm. 2. cap. 4.

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Quod permittat.

QVod permittat est vn briefe, & gist lou hōe est disseisie de sō cō mon de pasture, & disseisou [...] alien ou deuie seisie, & son heire entra, dōques si le dis [...]eisee deuie son heire a [...]era cest briefe.

Quo iure.

QVo iure est vn brief, & gist lou home ad ew common de pasture en auter seueral de darrem temps puis le temps de memorie donques celuy a que appertient la seueral auera cest briefe, & il serra charge demonstrer ꝑ qu [...]l title il claime le common.

Quo minus.

QVo minus est vn brief, & gist lou vn home ad graun [...]a a vn auter housebote & heybo [...]e in son bo [...]s a prender chescun an, [...] celuy [...] [...]esoit le graunt fait tiel wast & d [...]st [...]uction que le grauntee ne poit auer son reasonable est [...]uers dō [...]ues le grauntee au [...]ra lauatdit brief, & est [...]n na [...]ure de [...]i [...]fe wast.

[Page]Et nota que housebote est appel certain estouers pur amender la meason.

Et heybote est certaine estouers pur amender heis & hedges.

370 Quo warranto.

QVo warranto est vn briefe, & gist lou home vsurpe dauer ascun frāchise sur le Roy, donques le Roy auera cest briefe, de faire luy vener deuant ses Iustices, pur monstre per quel title il claime tiel fraunchise.

R.

371 Rationabilibus diuisis.

RAtionabilibus diuisis est vn briefe, & gist lou sount deux Seigniories en diuers villes, & vn pres le auter, & ascun parcel de vn Seigniorie ou de wast ad este encrocht per petits parcels, & donques celuy Seigniour de quel parcel de terre, ou le wast ad este encroche auera cest brief enuers le Seignior que ad issint encroche.

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Redisseisin.

REdisseisin, Vide de ceo deuaunt en le title Assise.

Regrator.

REgrator est celuy que ad blees, vittailes, ou auters choses sufficient pur son necessarie oeps, occupation, ou expences, & nient obstant ingrosse & achate en ses maines plus blees, vitailes, ou auters tielx choses, al entent de vender ceo arrere al vn plus hault & chare price, en Faires, Markets, ou tielx semblables lieus. De que vide le statute 5. Edw. 6. cap. 14. car il serra punie come forstaller.

Reioinder.

REioinder, est quant le defendant fait respons al replication del plaintife.

Et chescun Reioinder doit auer ceux deux properties specialment, cestascauoir, il doit estre vn sufficient respons al replication, & auxy de subsequer & enforcer le matter del barre.

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375 Release.

RElease est le done ou discharge del droit ou action que ascun eit ou claime enuers auter ou son terre.

Et le release de droit est cōmunement fait quāt vn fesoit vn fait a vn auter ꝑ ceux ou tielx parols, Remisisse, relaxasse, & omnino ꝓ me & haered meis quietum clamasse A. B. totū ius meū quod habui, habeo, seu quouismodo in futurū habere potero in vno mesuagio &c. Mes ceux parolx (quouismodo habere potero) sount voides: Car si le pere soit disseisie, & le fites release ꝑ son fait de release sans garrantie de tout son droit, per [...]s parols, quouismodo in futurū &c. & le pere morust le fits puit loyalmēt enter sur le possession le disseysor.

Auxy in vn release de droit il couient que il a que release serra fait, ad vn franktenement, ou vn possession in les terres in faite ou in ley, ou vn reuersion al temps de le release [Page 158] faite, car sil nad riens in le terre al tēps de release fait, le release ne serra al luy auailable. Vide plꝰ de ceo Lit. li. 3. c. 8.

Reliefe.

RElief, est ascun foits vn certaine summe de money que le heir paiera al seigniour de que ceux terres sont ten, queux ap̄es le decease de son ancestor sont a luy discend cōeprochein heire, Ascun foits il est paiment dun auter chose, & nemy money. Et pur ceo relief nest certain & sēble pur touts tenures, meschescun sundry tenure ad (pur le plus ꝑt) son special reliefe certain en luymesm̄. Neq̄ est ceo destre pay touts foits al vn certaine age, mes il varie ē ceo auxy accordāt al tenure. Come si le tenant ad terres tenus per seruice de chiualer (foreprise graund serieantie) & morust son heire esteant de plein age, & tient ses terres per le seruice dun ētier fee de chiualer, le seigniour de que ceux terres sont issint tenus, [Page] auera del heire C. s. nomine releuij, & si il tient per meins que vn fee de chiualer, il paiera meins, & si plus don (que) plus aiant respect touts foits al rate pur chescun fee de chiualer vn cent souz. Et si tient per graund serieanty (que est toutes foits del Roigne, & est auxy seruice de Chiualer) donques le reliefe serra le value del terre per an, preter touts charges issuant hors de ceo.

Auxy si home tient de le Roy en chiefe, & des auters Sn̄rs, le Roy auera le gard de touts les tres, & le heire paiera reliefe a touts les sn̄rs a sō plein age, mes le sn̄rs suera al roy per petition, & aueront le rent pur le temps que lenfant fuit in garde.

Et nota que touts foits quant le reliefe est due, il doit este pay al vn entier paim̄t, & nemy per parts, niēt obstant q̄ le rēt soit deste pay al seueral feasts.

377 Remainder.

REmainder, de terre est le terre que remainera [Page 159] apres le particuler estate determine: Come si vn grant terre pur terme de ans, ou pur vie, le remainder al I. S. cest adire, que quant le lessee pur vie est mort, que donques le terre remainera, serra, ou abide, oue, al, on en I. S. Vide Reuersion.

Remitter.

REmitter, est quant vn home ad deux titles a ascun terre, & il vient al terre per le darrain title, vncore il serra adiudge eins ꝑ force de son pluis eisne title, & ceo serra dit a luy vn remitter, Come si tenant en le taile discontinua le taile, & puis disseisi son discontinuce & morust ent seisi, & les tres discendont a son issue ou cosin inheritable ꝑ force del taile, in ceo case il est in son remitter, cest ascauoir, seisi per force del taile, & le title del discō tinuee est ousterment anyēt & defeate, Et le reasō & cause de tiel remitt est pur ceo que tiel heire [Page] est tenāt del terre, & nest ascun person tenant vers que il poit suer son briefe de Formedone pur recouer lestate taile, car il ne puit auer action vers luy mesme. Auxy si tenāt in le tail infeoffa son fites ou heire apparant in le taile que est deins age, & puis deuie, ceo est vn remitter al heir. Mes sil fuit de plein age al temps de tiel feoffement, il nest remitter pur ceo que il fuit son foly, que il esteant de plein age, voile prender tiel feoffement. Auxy si le baron alien terreque il ad en le droit son feme, & puis reptist estate a luy & a son feme pur tme de lour vies, ceo est vne remitter al feme, pur ceo que cest alienation est lact le baron & nemy le feme, car nul folly puit este adiudge en le feme durant le vie le baron. Mes si tiel alienation soit per fine en court de record, tiel repris [...]ll apres al baron & feme pur terme de lour vies ne ferta la feme [Page 160] deste en son remitter, pur ceo que en tiel fine le feme serra examine per le Iudge, & tiels examinations ē fines excluderōt tiels femes a toutes iours. Auxi q [...]t entre dasc' hōe est congeable & il prist estate a luy quant il ē de plein age si ne soit ꝑ fait indente, ou matter de record, q̄ luy estoppera, ceo serra a luy bon remitt.

Rents.

REnts, sont en diuers maners, cest ascauoir, rent seruice, rent charge, & rent seck.

Rent seruice est, lon le tenant in fee simple tient sa terre de son seigniour ꝑ fealty & certain rent, ou ꝑ aut seruice & rent, & dō (que) si le rent de le tenant soit arrere, le seignior puit distraine pur la rent, mes pur ceo il iammais naūra actiō de det.

Auxy si ieo done terres en le taile a vn home rendant a moy certain rent, ore tiel rent est rent seruice, mes ē tiel case il couient que le reuersiō soit ē le donor, car si hōe fait [Page] feoffement en fee, ou dōe en taile, le remainder ouster en fee, sans fait, reseruant a luy vn rēt, cest reseruation est void, & ceo est per force del stat. quia emptores terrarū & donques il tiendra de le seigniour de que son donor tenoit.

Mes si home ꝑ fait indent a cel iour fait tiel done ē le tail, le remainder ouster en fée, ou lesse a terme de vie, le remainder ouster, ou vn feoffement, & per mesme lendenture reserua a luy vn rent, & que si le rent soit arrere, que bion lirroit a luy a distreiner, ore tiel rent est rent charge.

Mes en tiel case si ne soit ascun tiel clause de distr̄ en le fait donq̄s tiel rent est appel rent secke, & pur tiel rent seck, il ne iammais distreinera, mes fi fuit vn foits seisi, il aūa Assise, & si il iammais ne fuit seisi, est sans remedy.

Auxy si vn graunt vn rent issant hors de sa terre oue clause de distres, cē vn rent charge, & si le [Page 161] rent soit arrere, le grauntee poit eslier de distraine ou suer vn brief dannuity, mes il ne poit auer ambideux, car sil port br̄ dannuity, donques le terre est discharge. Et sil distrein & auowa la prise en court de record, donques le terre est charge, & le person del grantor discharge.

Auxi si vn grant vn rēt charge, & le grantee purchase le moity de la tre, ore tout le rēt est extinct.

Mes ē rent seruice si le seigniour purchase parcel del terre donques le rent serra apporcion.

Mes si vn ad vn rent charge & son pier purchase parcel del terre, & cel parcel descende a le fits que ad le rent charge, ore cel rent serra apportion solon (que) le value del terre come est dit de rent seruice, pur ceo que le fits ne vient a ceo ꝑ son act demesn̄, mes ꝑ discent.

Auxi si ieo faice vn lease pur terme dans reseruant a moy vn certaine rent, cest appel vn rent seruice: [Page] & pur ceo il est a mon liberty a distrainer pur le rent ou auer vn actiō de det, mes si le lease soit detmine, & le rēt foit arrer̄, donques ieo ne puisse distreine, mes serra myse a mon action de det.

Et nota que si le seigniour soit seisi des seruices & rent auantdists, & ils soient aderere, & il distrain, & le tenant rescue le distres il poit auer assise, ou briefe de rescous. Mes il est plus necessary pur luy de auer assise, que brief de rescous pur tant que per assise il recouera son rent & ses damages, mer per cē briefe de Rescous il ne recouera mes les reprises & les damag▪.

Et nota quesi le seigniour ne soit my seisie del rent & seruice, & ils sont aderere, & il distrain pur eux, & le tenant reprēt le distresse il ne poit my aū assise, mes br̄ de rescous, & ne couient my al Sn̄r de monstre son droit.

Et nota que si le seigniour ne poit my trouer distresse per deux ans, il [Page 162] auera vers le tenant brief de Cessauit ꝑ biennium, vt patet per lestatute de Westminster 2. cap. 21. Et si tenant deuie en le mean temps & son issue enter le seigniour auera vers lissue briefe dentre sur Cessauit, ou si le tenaunt alien, le seigniour auera vers lalienee lauātdit briefe. Mes si le seigniour ad issue & deuie, & le tenāt soit en arrerages de dit rent & seruices de le temps le pier del issue & nemy en temps del issue, il ne poit my distrein pur arrerages en temps son pier, & il nauera ascun auter recouerie vers le tenant ou ascun auter, pur ceo que tiel aduantage est done per le ley altenant. Et nota q̄ rent seruice est c▪, a quel appent fealty, mes a rent charge & rent secke ne appent passe fealtie, mes il appēt a rent seruice de commō droit.

Et nota si home distr̄ pur rent charge, & le distres soit res [...]u de luy, & il [Page] ne fuit mie seisie adeuāt, il nv ad my recoūy forsq̄ per br̄ de Rescous, car le distresse primermēt fait, ne done a luy seisin, fors (que) sil happe le rent adeuant, car sil fuit seisi del rent adeuāt & pais le rent soit aderere, & il distraine, & rescous a luy soit fait▪ il auera Assise, ou briefe de Rescous.

Et nota, q̄ en chescun assise de rēt charge & annual rēt, ou en vn br̄ de Annuity, couiēt a celuy q̄ port le br̄ de mōstre auāt vn especialty, ou auterm̄t il ne maintenera Assise. Mes en Assise de Mortdancestor ou Formedon en le discender, & auters br̄s (en les queux title est done ou comprise) port de rent charge, ou de annual rēt, nest my besoign̄ de monstre especialty.

Et nota que si home graunt rent charge a vn auter, & le grantee relessa a grauntor parcel de le rent, vncore tout le rent nest extinct.

Et nota, que si rent charge soyt graunt a [Page 163] deux ioyntment, & lan relessa, vncore le auter auera le moity del rent. Et auxy si lun purchase le moity de le terre dont le rent est issuant, lauter auera le moity del rent de son compaignion. Et si le disseisour charge la terre a vn estrange, & le disseisee port lassise & recouer, le charge est defeat. Mes si celuy que ad droit, charge la terre, & vn estrange faine vn faux action ēuers luy que nad droit & recouer per default, le charge demurra. Et nota que en case vn purpartie sort perenter deux parceners, & pluis terre soit allot a lun que a lauter & celuy que ad pluis de terre, charge sa tre a lauter, & el happe le rent, el maintainera assise sans especialty.

Et est Rent secke lou home tient de moy ꝑ homage, fealty, & auts seruices, rendant a moy vn certaine rent per an, & [...]eo graunt cest rent a vn auter, reseruant a moy le seruice.

[Page]Et nota que si rent seck soit graunt a vn home & a ses heires, & le rent soit aderere, & le grauntour deuye, le heire ne purra mye distreyner, ne recouera les arrerages de temps son pere, sicome est auaundit de rent seruice.

Et en mesme le maner est adire de rent charge ou annual rent: Mes en touts les rents auandits le heire purroit auer pur arrerages en son temps demesne tiel aduauntage come auoit son pere en sa vie. Vide Statutum 32. H▪ 8 cap. 37.

Et nota que en rent seck, si home ne soit seisie del rent, & il soit aderere, il est sans recouerie, pur ceo que il fuit son folly demesne adeprimes quant le rent fuit grant a luy ou reserue, que il ne prist my seisin del rent sicome vn denier ou deux.

Et nota que home ne poit my auer Cessauit per biennium, ou vn auter briefe dentre sur Cessauit pur nul rent secke [Page 164] aderere ꝑ deux ans, mes ils purront tantsolement pur rent seruice, vt patet in lestat W. 2. cap. 21.

Et nota q̄ en rent secke il couient pur luy que sue pur le rent seck pur mō stre fait al tenant, ou auterment le tenant ne [...]err̄ my charge del rent, forsque lo [...] le rent secke suit rent seruice adeuaunt, come en cest case: Seignior, mesne, & tenaunt, & chescun de eux tient de auter per homage & fealtie, & le tenant del mesne per x. s. de rent, le Seignior paramont purchase les terres ou ▪tenements del tenant, tout le seigniorie del mesne, forsprise le rent, est extinct: Et pur cest cause cest rent est deuenus rent seck, & la rent seruice change, car il ne poit distraine pur cest rent, & en cest case celuy que demaunda le rent ne serra iammes charge de monstre fait.

Auxy en b [...] de Mordā cester, Aile, ou Besaile, de rent seek, il ne beforgne de monstre especialtie▪ [Page] pur ceo que ceux briefes de possessiō comprehendont vn title deins eux mesmes, cestascauoir, que launcestor fuit seisi de mesme le rent, & continua son possession, per cause de quel seisin le ley suppose q̄ est auxy auerrable per le pais.

Tamen quaere, car ascuns supposant que il couient a fine force a monstre auant fait, pur ceo q̄ rent seck est vn chose enconter common droit, auxibiē come rent charg.

Mes en Assise de Nouel disseisin, & in briefe de Entre sur disseisin port de rēt seck, il couient de fine force de monstre auant fait, pur ceo que rent seck est vn chose encoūter cō mon droit, sinō en le case suisdit, o [...] il fuit rent seruice adeuant.

Et Assise de Nouel disseisin, & briefe de Entre sur disseisin, ne conteigne deins eux nul title, mes supposont vn disseisine deste fait a le plaintife, & de entendement del ley, le disseisin ne done nul [Page 165] cause de auerrement enconter comon droit, mes de fine force il monstra auant especialtie.

Repleuin.

REpleuin est vn briefe, & gist quant ascun home distraine vn auter pur rent ou auter chose, donques il auera cest br̄e al Vicont pur deliuer a luy le distres, & trouera suertie de pursuer son action, & si il ne pursua, ou si soit troue & iudged enconter luy, donques cestuy que prist le distr̄ reauera le distres, & cest appel returne des auers, & il auera en tiel case br̄e que est appel Returno habendo.

Auxy si soyt en ascun franchise ou bailiwike, le partie auera vn Repleuin del Vicont direct al bailife de mesme le frāchise pur eux redeliuer, & il trouera suertie de pursuer son action al procheine countie. Et cest Repleuin poit estre remoue hors del Countie en le common banke per [Page] briefe de Recordare.

Vide pluis de Repleuin deuant titulo Distres.

Auxy brief de Homine replegiando gist lou vn hōe est en prison, & nemy ꝑ especiall commandem̄t le Roy ne de ses Iustices, ne pur mort de home, ne pur le forest le roy, ne pur tiel cause q̄ nest repleuisable, donques il auera cē br̄ direct al vicont que il luy faire esse repleuie: & cest br̄e est vn Iusticies & nient returnable, & si le vicont ne ceo face don (que) issera aut br̄ sicut alias & apres, auter briefe sicut pluries, vel causam nobis significes, q̄ serra returnable, & si le vicont vncore ne face repleuine, donques issera vn attachem̄t vers le vicont direct al coroners dattacher le vicont & de luy amesn̄ deuant les Iustices a vn certain iour & ouster ceo q̄ ils facent execution del primer briefe.

381 Replication.

REplication, est quant le defendāt en ascū actiō [Page 166] fait respons, & le plaintife fait vn respons a ceo, ceo est appel le Replication del plaintife.

Reprises.

REprises, sont deductions, payments, & duities, que va annuelment & sont pay hors dun mā nor. Come rent charge, rent secke, pentions, corodies, annuities, fees del sen [...]schal o [...] baylife, & tiels semblables.

Receite.

REceite est quant ascun action est port vers tenant pur terme de vie, ou tenant a terme dans, & [...]estuy en la reuersiō vient eins & pria deste resceiue pur defend la terre & pur pleder ouesque le demā dant. Auxy quant il vient il couient q̄ il [...]oit touts foits prist a pleder oue le demaundant.

Rescous.

REscous est vn briefe & gist quant ascun home prent distres & vn auter reprist la distresse de luy & ne voyle suffer luy de amesmer le distresse oue luy, donques il fait a [Page] luy rescous, & sur ceo il puit auer cest briefe & recouera dāmages. Auxy si vn distraine bestes pur dammage fesaunt en sa terre & les enchasa per le haute chymin pur eux enparker & en alant ils entrent en le meason celuy a que ils sount, & il eux de [...]ient la & ne voyle suffer lauter de eux imparker, donques ceo deteyner est rescous.

385 Reseruation.

REseruation, est pris diuers voyes, & ad diūs natures, come ascun foits ꝑ voy de exception de reserue ceo que vn home ad deuant en luy. Come si vn lease soit fait pur ans de tre reseruāt les graūd arbo [...]s cressants sur ceo. Ore le lessee ne poit meddle ouesque eux, ne ouesque ascū chose que vient ꝑ reason de eux cy longe come il demurt en, ou sur les arbors, come mast de Oke, chestnut, pomes, ou tiels semblables. Mes sil chient del arbors al terre, donques ils sont en droit les lessees, car le tre [Page 167] est lesse a luy, & tout sur ceo nient reserue &c.

Ascun foits vn reseruation obtaineth & port hors vn aut chose que ne fuit deuant. Come si vn hōme lesse ses tres reseruant annualmēt pur ceo xx. li. &c. Et diuers auter t [...]els reseruations y sont.

Et nota q̄ en auncient temps, lour reseruations fueront sibien (ou pur le plus part) en victuals, soit ceo, carne, pishe, blees, pane, boyer, ou auterm̄t, come en money, tāque al darraine, & especialment en le temps del roy Henrie le primer per agreement, le reseruation de victuals fuit change en prist money, come il ad tanque cy continue.

Retraxit.

REtraxit, est le preterperfectence de Retraho, compound de Re & traho, q̄ signifie Retraho, pur euulser arrere. Et est quant le partie plaintife ou demaundant vient en proper person en le Court ou son suit est, [Page] & dit que il ne voyt vlterius prosequi in placito illo &c. Ore ceo serra vn barre al action a touts iours.

387 Reeue.

REeue est vn officer, mes plus conus en aunciēt temps que a cest iour. Car chescun manour ad donques vn Reeue, & vncore en diuers Copyhold mā nours (ou le veyle custome ascun chose preuaile) le nosme & office nest en tout oblie. Et est en effect ceo que a ore chescun Bailife dun mā nor practise: nient obstāt le nosme de bailif ne fuit dōques en vre enter nous esteant puis porte eins per les Normans: Mes le nosme de Reeue aūcientment appel Gereue (quel perticle (Ge) en continuance de tēps fuit ousterment omise & ꝑde) vient del Saxon ꝑol geresa, que signify vn rul'. Et issint veram̄t son rule & auctority fuit larg deins le cō pas del manour son seign̄ & enter ses homes & tenauntes cybien en choses [Page 168] de gouemement en peace & guerre, cōe en le skilfull vse & trade de husbādry. Car sicome il collect les rentes del seigniour, paye reprises, ou duities issuants hors del mannor, appoynt les seruauntes de worker, succide & decoupe arbres pur repayrer les edifices, & enclosures, oues (que) diuers tiels semblables pur le commoditie del Seigniour: Issint auxy il ad aucthoritie de gouerner, & garder les tenants en peax, & sil besoigne, de conducter eux en guerre.

Reuersion.

REuersion de terre, est vn certaine estate remainant en le lessor ou donour, apres le perticuler estate & possession conuey al vn auter per lease pur vie ou ans ou done en taile.

Et est appell vn Reuersion en respecte del possessiō seperate de ceo: issint que il que ad le vn, nad le auter a m̄ le tēps, car esteant en vn simul, la ne poit este dit vn reuersiō, [Page] pur ceo que per le vniting, lun est merge en lauter, Et issint le reuersion del terre, est le terre mesme quant il eschuest.

389 Riot.

RIot est lou troys (al meins) ou plures font ascun illoyal act come de bater vn home, entre sur le possession dun auter, vel huiusmodi.

390 Robberie.

RObberie, est quaunt vn home prent ascū chose del person dun auter feloniousmēt, coment que la chose prise ne soit al value forsque dun denier, vncore il est felony pur quel le offendor suffera mort.

391 Rout.

ROut est quant people assemble eux mesmes, & puis procedūt, ou chiuauchant, ou allant auāt, ou mouent per instigation dun ou plusors que est conduct de eux: Cest appelle vn rout, pur ceo q̄ ils mouent, & proceed en routs & numbers.

Item ou plures assemble eux sur lour quarels [Page 169] & braules demesne, come si les inhabitantes dun ville voile assēb eux pur debruser huis, mures, fosses, pales, ou tiels semblabl [...], dauer commen la, ou de bater vn auter q̄ ad fait al eux vn cōmon displeasure, vel huiusmodi, cest vn rout & encounter le ley, coment q̄ ils nont fait, ou mise en executiō lour male entent, Vide lestatut 1. Mar. 12.

S.

Sake.

SAke, hoc est placitū & emenda de transgr̄ hominū in cur̄ vestra, quia (Sake) Anglice, est Acheson Gallice, & dicitur pur sicke sack, idē quod pur quel acheson, & sacke dicitur ꝓ forfait.

Scire facias.

SCire facias est vn briefe iudicial issant hors de record & gist lou vn ad recouer det ou damages en Court le Roy, & il ne sue pas dauer executiō deins lan & le iour donques apres lan & iour il auera le dit briefe [Page] a garner le partie, & si le partie ne vein ou sil vein, & ne scauoit riēs dire encounter execution donq̄s il auera vn briefe de Fieri facias directes al vicount luy commaundant que il leuie le det ou les damages des biens celuy que a [...] perdue.

Auxy le briefe de Fieri facias gist deins lan sans ascun Scire facias suer.

Auxy si le summe de mesme le det ou damages ne poit este leuy des biēs celuy q̄ auoit perdue, dō ques il poit auer vn briefe de Elegit direct al vicoūt que il fac' luy deliuer la moitie de sa terre & biēs except ses boues & affries de sa carue.

Auxy quant vn ad recouer det ou damages en action personall (lou le proces est vn capias) il poit auer vn auter briefe de execution appell capias ad satisfaciendum, pur prender le corps celuy que est issint condempne que serra commit al prison illonques a demurrer sans baile ou mainprise [Page 170] tanque il ad satisfie le partie.

Auxi quant vn ad iudgment de recouer ascū terres ou tenements il auera vn briefe appell Habere facias seisinā direct al vicount luy commaundant de deliuer a luy seisin de mesme le terre issint recouer, Vide plus de ceo en le title Fieri facias, & en le title Execution.

Scot.

SCot, hoc est quietū esse de quadam cōsuetudine, sicut de communi tallagio facto ad opus vie' vel balliuorum eius.

Seruice de chiualer.

TEner per seruice de chiualer est a tener per homage fealtie, & escuage, & treit a luy gard mariage & relife. Et nota que seruice de Chiualer est seruice de terre ou de tenemēts pur armes port en guerre en defence de Royalme Et doit gard & mariage per la reason q̄ nul est able ne de power & ne poit auer conusance darmes porter auant que il soit dage de xxi. ans. [Page] Et pur tant que le Seignior ne perdera ceo, que de droit il doit auer, & que la power de la royalme de rien ne soit enfeeble: la ley voet ꝑ cause de son tender age q̄ le Seignior luy auera en sa garde tā que al pleine age de luy, cestassauoir xxi. ans.

Vide de ceo pluis en le title Graund seriantie, & en le title Escauge.

396 Shewing.

SHewing hoc est quietū esse cum attachiament in aliqua curia, & coram quibuscun (que) in querelis ostensis & non aduocat.

397 Sok.

SOk, hoc est secta de hominibus in Curia vestra, secundum consuetudinem Regni.

398 Sokmans.

SOkmans sont les tenāts en auncient demesne, queux tient lour terres per Socage, cest adire per seruice del carue, & pur ceo ils sont appel Sokmans. que est tant adire come tenants ou homes queux tiēt per seruice del carue, ou homes del [Page 171] carue: Car Sok signifie vn carue.

Et ceux Sokmans ou tenants en auncient demesne, ont plusors & diuers liberties done & graunt a eux per le ley, sibien ceux tenāts queux tient dun common person en auncient demesne, come ceux queux tient del Roigne en auncient demesne, come nosment deste quite de paier tolle en chescun Market, faire, ville, & Citie per tout le Realme, sibien pur lour biens & chattels que ils vend as auters, come pur ceux choses que ils achat pur lour prouisiō, de auters. Et sur ceo chescun de eux poit suer dauer letters patents desouth le seale le Roigne a ses officers, & al Maiors, Bailiss, & auters Officers en le Realme de suffer cux deste quite de tolle.

Item deste quite de pontage, murage, & passage, & auxy de taxes & tallages graunt per Parliament, sinon que l [...] Roign taxe auncient demesne, [Page] come el poit a sa pleasure pur graund cause.

Auxy deste quite de payments a les expences del Chiualers del shire queux vient al Parliament.

Et si le Vicont voile distrainer eux, ou ascun de eux destre contributorie pur lour terre en ancient demesne, donques lun de eux ou touts come le case require poit suer vn brief direct al vicont, luy commandant, que il ne compel eux destre contributories al expences de chiualers. Et mesme le brief luy command auxy, que si il ad distraine eux pur ceo, q̄ il redeliuer mesme le distres.

Item que ils ne deueront estre impanel, ne mis en Iuries & Enquests en le pais hors de lour manor ou seigniory de auncient demesne, pur les terres queux ils teigne la (sinon que ils ont auters terres al common ley, pur queux ils deueront estre charge.) [Page 172] Et si le Vicont retourne eux en pannels, donques ils poient auer vn briefe direct a luy de Non ponēdis in assisis & iuratis: Et sil face al contrarie, donques gist vn Attachment sur ceo enuers luy.

Et issint est auxy si les Bailifes des franchises q̄ux ont retournes des briefs voile retourne ascun del tenants queux teigne en ancient demesne en assise ou iuries.

Et auxy deste exempts del Leetes, & de turnes del Vicont, oues (que) diuers auts sēblables liberties.

Socage.

TEner en Socage est a tener dascun Sn̄r terres ou tenements rendant a luy vn certain rēt ꝑ an pur touts maner des seruices.

Et nota que tener per Socage nest pas tener per seruice de chiualer, ne la appent gard, mariage, ne reliefe, mes ils double [...]ōt vn foites lour rent apres le mort lour auncestor, solonque ceo que soloyent paier a lour Seignior,

[Page]Et ils ne serront ouster measure greeues, come il appiert en le treatise de gardes & Reliefes.

Et nota q̄ Socage poit estre dit en trois maners, cestascauoir, Socage en frank tenure, Socage en ancient tenure, & Socage en base tenure.

rent pur touts maner des seruices, come deuant est dit, & de ceo le prochein amy auera le gard a que le heritage ne purra my discender, tanque al age le heir de xiiii. ans, cestascauoir, si le heritage veign per le part le pere, ceux del part le mere aueront le gard, Et econtra.

Et nota que si gardian en Socage fait wast, il ne serra my empeache de wast: Mes il rendra accompt al heir qn̄t il viē dra al plein age de xxi. ans. Et vide lestatute de Marlebridg capitulo 17. pur cest matter.

Socage de auncient tenure est ceo lou les gents en ancient demesne tenoyent, que ne soylent auter briefe auoir que le [Page 173] briefe de Droit close, que serra deternune secundum consuetudinem manerij, & le Monstrauerunt pur eux discharger quant lour Seignior eux distraine pur faire auters seruices que faire ne duissent.

Et cest briefe de Monstrauerūt doit estr̄ port ē uerslour seignior, & ceux tenaunts [...]eignent touts ꝑ vn certain seruice. Et ils sont franktenants de ancient demesne.

Socage en base tenure, est lou home tient en ancient demesne, q̄ ne puitauer le Monstrauerunt, & pur ceo il est appel le base Tenure.

Summons ad warrantizandum &c.

SVmmons ad warrantizandum & sequatur sub suo periculo, vide de ceux a [...]s en le title voucher.

Spoliation.

SPoliation, est vn suite pur le fruits dun esglis, ou pur lesglis mesme, & est deste sue en le spirituall [Page] Court, & nemy en les temporall Courtes. Et cest suite gist pur vn encumbent enuers vn auter encumbēt, ou ils ambideux claime per vn patron, & lou le droit del patronage ne vient in question ou debate. Come si vn person soit cree vn Euesque & ad dispensation de tener son rectorie, & puis le patron present auter encumbent que est institute & induct: Ore leuesque poet auer enuers cestuy encumbent vne▪ Spoliation en le spiritual Court, pur ceo q̄ ils ambideux claim per vn patron, & le droit del patronage ne vient en debate, & pur ceo que lauter encumbent vyent al possession del benefice per le course del ley spirituall, cest ascauoir, per institution & induction, issint que il ad colour de auer ceo, & deste person per le espirituall ley. Car auterment sil ne soit institute & induct &c. Spoliation ne gist enuers luy, [Page 174] mes vn briefe de Trespas, ou vn assise de nouel disseisin &c.

Issint est auxy lon vn person que ad pluralitie, accept auter benefice, per reason de que le patron present vn auter clerke, q̄ est institute & induct, ore lun de eux poit auer Spoliation enuers le auter, & donques viendra en debate si il ad vn sufficient pluralitie ou non. Et issint est de depriuation &c.

Mesme le ley est, lou vn dist al patron, que son clerke est mort sur que il present vn auter, La le primer incumbent que fuit surmise de estre mort poit auer vn Spoliation enuers lauter. Et issint en diuers auters semblables cases de que veyes Fitzherbert Natura breuium.

Stallage.

STallage, hoc est quietū esse de quadam consuetudine exact▪ pro pl [...]tea capta vel assignata in nū dinis & mercatis.

[Page]

403 Suit couenant.

SVit couenant, est quant vostre auncestors ont couenant oue mes auncestors de suer a le court mes auncestors.

404 Suit custome.

SVit custome, est quant ieo & mes ancestors ont estre seisies de vestre suite demesne & vostre auncestors de temps &c.

405 Suit reall.

SVit reall, est quaunt homes vient al turne de vicont ou leete, a q̄ courts touts homes serra compell de vener a conuster les leyes, issint que ils ne serra ignorant de les choses queux serra monstres la coment ils serra gouernes. Et est appel real suit per cause de lour allegeance, & ceo appiert ꝑ cō mon experience quant vn est iure, son othe est que il serra loyal & foyal home al Roigne. Et ceo suit nē pur le terre que il tient deins le countie, mes per reason de son person, [Page 175] & pur son rest la, & doyt estre fait deux foits per an, pur default de que, il serra amercy & non distreigne.

Suit seruice.

SVit seruice, est de suer al turne del viscount ou Leete, ou al Court del sn̄r de trois semaines en trois semaines ꝑ lentier an: Et pur default de ceo, vn hōe serra distreigne & non amercy. Et cest suit seruice est per reason del tenure del terres dun home.

Statute marchant.

TEner per Statute marchant, est lou hom̄ conust a paier certaine denyers a vn auter a certain iour deuant le Maire, bailie, ou aut gardeine dascū ville que ad poyar de fair̄ execution de mesme lestatute, & si le obligor ne paya le dett a le iour asses & rien de ses biens, terres on tenements ne purront estr̄ troues deins la gard le Maior ou gardein auantdit, mes en auters lyeus dehors, don (que) [Page] le recognisee suer̄ le recognisance & obligation oue vn certification al Chauncery de south le seale le Roy, & il aūa hors de la Chauncery vn Capias al Vicount de quel countie il est de luy apprender & metter en prison sil ne soit clerke, tanque il ad fait gree de la debt. Et vn quarter de lan apres ceo que il serra pris, il auera sa terre liuer a luy mesme pur faire gree a le partie de debt. Et il puit vender tanque il est enprison, & sa vendr̄ serra bon & loyal. Et sil ne face gree deyns le quarter dun an, ou il soit returne que il nest troue, & sil ne soyt Clerke, adonques le reconisee puit auer briefe de la Chauncerie que est appell Extendi facias, direct al toutes vicounts lou il ad terres dextender ses terres & biens, & ses byens a luy deliuer, & luy seiser en ses terres, pur les tener a luy & a ses heires & a ses assignes tanque le debt soyt leuye [Page 176] ou paye, & per cel temps il est tenaunt per statute marchant. Et nota que en lestatute marchant, le recognisee auera execution de touts les terres que le recognisor auoit iour de la recognisance fait, & vnques puis per force de mesme lestatute.

Et nota que quant ascū wast ou destruction est fait per le recognisee, se [...] executors, ou per celuy que ad son estate, le recognisor & ses executors aueront mesme la ley cōe est suisdit de le tenant ꝑ Elegit.

Et nota si tenaunt per lestatute Marchant tient ouster son terme cestuy que ad droit poit suer enuers luy Venire facias ad computandum, ou entrer tantost sicome sur le testant per Elegit. Vide statute 11. E. 1. & de Acton burnel, & 13. E. 1. de Mercatoribus.

T.

Fee Taile.

TEner en le tayle, est lou home tient [Page] certein terres ou tenem̄ts a luy & a ses heires de son corps engendres. Et nota que si la terre soit done a vn home & a ses heires males, & il ad issue male, il ad fee simple, & ceo fuit adiudge en le Parliament nostre Seigniour le roy. Mes lou terres ou tenements sont dones a vn home & a ses heirs males de son corps engendres, il ad fee tail, & lissu female ne serra my inherite, vt patet Anno 14. E. 3. en vn assise 1 [...]. E. 3. 45.

Fee taile, est lou terre est done a vn home & a ses heirs de son corps engendres, & il est dit tenāt en le taile generall, mes [...]i terre soit done al baron & feme & al heires de lour deux corps engendres, or [...] le baron & la fēe sont tenants en le tail especial. Et si vn de eux deuy cest [...] que suruiue est tenant en le taile apres possibilitie dissue extinct & [...]il face wast il ne serra empeche de cel wast. Vide Littleton.

Mes si le roy don terres [Page 177] a vn home & a ses heires males, & le donee deuie sans issue male, donques le cosin collaterall del donee inheritera, mes le roy reentra, & [...]ssint fuit adiudge en leschequer chamber Anno 18. H. 8. en vn information fait vers [...]heire de Sir T. Louel Chiu [...]ler.

Taile apres possibilitie.

TEner en le taile apres possibilitie dissue extinct, est lou terre est do [...] a vn home & sa feme & a les heires de lour deux corps engendres, lun de eux suruiue lauter sans issue enter eux issuant, il tiendra sa terre a terme de sa vie demesne, come tenant in le taile ap̄s possibilitie dissue extinct. Et non obstant q̄ il fait wast, il ne serra iammays empeche de cel wast. Et nota sil alien, celuy en la reuersion ne auera briefe dentre in consimili casu. Mes il poit entrer, & son entre est congeable, per R. Th. chiefe Iustice 28. [Page] E. 3. 96. & 45. E. 3. 25.

410 Taxe & Tallage.

TAxe & Tallage, sont paiments, come dismes, qui [...]zimes, subsidies ou tiels [...]emb [...]ables grant al roigne per Parliamēt.

Les tenants en aunciēt demesne sont quits de ceux taxes, & tallages g [...]auntes per Parliament, sinon que le Roigne taxe auncient demesne, come el poet quant a luy pleast pur graund cause. Veies auncient demesne.

411 Tenure en capite.

TEnure en capite, est lou ascun tient del Roigne come de [...]a parson esteāt roigne, & de sa Corone, come dun Seigniorie per luy mesme en grosse, & en chiefe desuis touts auters Seigniories, Et nemy lou ils tient de luy come de ascun mannor, honor, ou Castell, sinon certeine auncient honors, vt patet in Scaccario.

412 Terme dans.

TEner a terme da [...]s [...]est forsque cha [...]ell [Page 178] en effect, car nul actiō est maintenabl▪enuers le termor quant a recouerer le frankten̄t, car nul franktenem̄t est a luy. Lease a terme dans est chattel real. Et lauter chattel est ꝑsonal, & touts bn̄s mouables sont chatels ꝑsonals.

Testament.

TEstament, est issint define ou expounde en Mounsier Plowdens Cō mentaries: Testamentum est testatio mentis, & est cōpoūd de ceux deux parolx, Testio & mentis, q̄ issint signifie, veray il est, q̄ vn testament est testatio mentis, mes q̄ il est vn cō pound parol, Aulus Gellius en son vi. liuer ca. 12. deny ceo al vn excellent Lawier vn Seruius Sulpitius, & dit q̄ il est vn simple parol, come sont ce [...] Calciamentum, Paludamentū, Pauiamentum, & diuers tielx semblables.

Et mult meines est agreamentum, vn cōpound pa [...]oll de aggregatio & mentium, come est dit en le title de agreement, car [Page] il ny ad nul tiel latin parol simple ou compound, mes il pe it niēt obst serue bn̄ pur vn ley latin parol.

Et pur ceo il poit issint este meliour define. Testamentum est vltimae voluntatis iusta sententia de to quod quis post mortē suam fieri vult &c.

Et de Testaments il y ad deux sorts, cestascauoir vn Testament en escript, & vn Testam̄t ꝑ parolx, q̄ est appel vn Nuncupatiue Testament.

Le primer est touts forts en escript come est dit.

Le auter est quant vn home esteant en maladie, & pur pauor ne mort ou fault de memorie, ou de parler, voit vener cy suddeinment & hastiuement sur luy, que il serra preuent sil demurt le scripture de son Testament, request ses vicines & amies de porter tesmoign̄ de son darreine volunt, & donques declare ceo presentment ꝑ parolx deuant eux, que apres son decease est proue per tesmoignes, & mis en escript [Page 179] per le Ordinarie, & donques il est en cy bone force (sinon pur terres) sicome il ad al primer en le vie del testator este mis en escript.

Them.

THem, hoc est quod habeatis totam generationem villanorum vestrorum cum eorum sectis & cattallis vbicū (que) in Anglia fuerint inuenta, excepto qd' si aliquis natiu [...] quiet ꝑ vnū annū & diē in aliqua villa priuilegia [...]a manserit, ita qd' in eorum cōmuniam vel gildam, tanquā vnus illarū repertus fuerit, eo ipso a villenagio liberatus est.

Theftbote.

THeftbote, est quant home prist ascun biens dun laron de luy fauourer & mainteiner: Et nemy quant home prist ses biens demesne, q̄ fueront emblees de luy &c.

Le punishment en auncient temps de Thefebote, suit de vie & de member: Mes a ore [Page] M. Stamford dit, que il est punish per raūsome & emprisonmēt. Sed quaere car ieo pense ceo este felonie.

416 Title.

TItle, est lou loial cause est veigne a vn home de auer chose que auter ad, & il nad ascun action pur ceo, come title de Mortmaine, ou de entrie pur condition enfreint.

417 Title de Entre.

TItle de Entre, est quant vn seisie de terre en fee fait feoffement de ceo sur condition, & le condition est enfreint: Ore apres le condition issint enfreint, le feoffour ad title de entre en le tre, & issint poit quaunt a luy pleist, & per son entrie le frank tenemēt serra dit en luy maintenant.

Et est appel Title de Entre, pur ceo que il ne poit auer briefe de Droit enuers son feoffee sur cō dition, car son droit fuit hors de luy per le feoffement, le quel ne poit este reduce sans [...]ntrie, [Page 180] & le entre doit este pur le enfreinder de le cōditiō.

Tolle, ou Tolne.

TOlle ou Tolne, est plus properment vn payment vse en Cities, villes, markets, & fayres, pur biens & cattel port la destre achate ou vende. Et est toutes dits destre pay per le achator, & nemy per le vendour, sinon que soit ascun Custome al contrarie.

Il y ad diuers auters Tolles, come Turne toll, & ceo est lou toll est pay pur auers, queux for driues deste vendus, com̄t que ils ne sont vendus.

Item tolle trauers, ceo est lou vn claime dauer vn ob. ou tiel Temblable tolle de chescun beast que est driue sur son terre.

Through tolle, est lou vn ville prescribe de auer tolle pur chescun beast q̄ ale through lour ville, vn certaine, ou pur chescun vin [...] ou cent, vn certain: que ne appiert deste cy vnreasonable prescription ou custome, come [Page] ascuns ont suppose, nient obstāt il soit per le hault chimin del roigne (come ils ceo appel) lou chescun poit loialment passe, sil y ad quid pro quo: Come si la soit vn pont ou tiel semblable commodity, puruey al costes & charges del ville, pur le ease de trauaylers que chase mesme voy, per que lour iourney est ou abridge ou fait le meliour pur que donques ne poit tolle este demaund loialment & oue bone reason de eux &c▪

Mes diuers Citizens & Burgesses sont quite de pay tolle ꝑ le graunt del Roigne, ou sa auncestors, ou claime ceo ꝑ prescription ou custome. Issint auxy espiritual persons & religious homes (cōe ils fueront appels) fueront quite de tolle pur lour biens & marchandises achate & vendus &c. Mes a ore le Statute del Roy H. 8. anno 21. cap. 13. voit q̄ ils ne marchandiser̄.

Item tenants en auncient demesne doyent este [Page 181] quite per tout le Realme de paier tolle, cōe appiert deuaunt en le title Sokemans. Et en touts ceux cases ou tolle est deste demaunde, ou il ne doit este pay de eux q̄ doyent aler, achate, & vēde, quite de tolle, la le partie ou parties greeue poyent auer vn briefe, De essendi quietū de tolonio, direct a luy, ou ceux que issint demaunde tolle contra al graūt le Roigne ou sa progenitors, ou contra al custome ou prescription.

Treason.

TReasō est en deux maners, cest ascauoir▪ haute treason, & petit treason, come est ordeine per lestatutes, & ideo vide statuta & Stamford lib. 1. cap. 2.

Treasure troue.

TReasure troue, est quāt ascun money, or, argent, plate ou bolion, est troue en ascun lieu, & nul conust a que le propertie est, donques le propertie de ceo appertient al Roye, & ceo est dyt treasure troue. [Page] Mes si ascun minerall de mettal soyt troue en ascū terre, ceo toutes foites pertient al Seigniour del soile, forsque q̄ il soit minerall de or ou de argēt, queux serront touts foits al Roy, en quecūque soile que ils sont troues.

421 Tourne del vicont.

TOurne del vicont, est vn Court de record en touts choses que pertaine al tourne. Et est le leete le Roigne per tout le Countie, & le viscount est Iudge. Et quecunque ad vn leete ad mesme le authoritie deins le precinct, sicome le vicont ad deins le tourne.

V.

422 View.

VIew, est quaunt ascun action reall est port & le tenant ne seauoit bien quel terre il est que le demaūdant demand, dōque le ten̄t priera la view, cest ascauoir, que il puit veyer le terre q̄ il claima. Mes si le tenant ad ew le view en vn briefe, & puis le [Page 182] brief est abatus per misnomer de ville, ou per iointenure, & puis le demandant port vn tiel br̄e vers le tenant, donque le tenant nauera le view en le second briefe.

Vilaica remouenda.

VIlaica remouenda, est vn briefe, & gist lou debate est perenter deux persons ou prouisours dun Esglise, & lun enter en lesglise, oue graund power de les hōes & tient lauter dehors oue force & armes, donq̄ celuy que est ten dehors, auera le dit brief directal vicount que il remoua cē power q̄ est deins leglise & serra command al vicont que sil troue ascuns homes luy resistants, que le vicont prender̄ oues [...] luy la poyar de son countie si besoigne soit & ferra attach per lour corps touts ceux luy resistantes & les mittera en prison issint q̄ il eyt lour corps deuāt le R. a certain iour de respōder del cōtempt. [Page] Et cest briefe est returnable & ne serra grant deuāt q̄ leues (que) del lieu lou tiel esglise est, eyt certifie en le Chauncerie tiel resistance & force.

424. Villenage.

TEnure en pure villenage, est a faire tout ceo que le seigniour luy voit commander.

La diffinition de villenage est villeine de sank, & de tenure. Et il est de que son seignior prent redemption de sa file marrier, ou soy mesme enfranchise, & le seigniour puit luy ouste de ses terres ou tenements a sa volunt, & auxy de toutes ses biens & chateux.

Et note que Sokeman nest pas pure villeine, ne villein doit pas gard mariage ne reliefe, ne faire auter seruices reals.

Et nota que tenure en Villenage ne ferra nul franke home villeine, sil ne soit continue puis le temps de non memorie, [Page 183] ne villeine terre ne ferra franke home villeine, ne franke terre ne ferra villeine franke, s [...]on que le tenaunt soit continue frankment puis le temps de non memory.

Mes villein ferra frank terre villein per seisin ou per claime de son seigniour. Et nota que si villein purchase certaine tre & prent feme & alien & deuie deuaunt le claime, ou seisin de son seignior, la feme serra endowe.

Et nota que en cest case que le ōn̄r port Praecipe quod reddat enuers lalienee son villein le q̄l vouche a garrantie le issue la villein que est villein a la seignior, il auera le voucher. Et per protestation le Sn̄r poit sauer (que non obstant que il plede oue son villeine) vncore son villeine ne serra mie enfranchise. Et nota que bastarde ne serra iammais adiudge villeine sinon per conusance en Courte de record. Et nota que si dett soit due per vn seignior a vn home & il face [Page] deux homes ses executors, les queux sont villeines al dit Seignior & deuie les villeins aueront Action de dette enuers leur seigniour, Et nient obstant que il pled ouesque eux, & il face protestation, ils ne serrontpurtant enfranchise, pur ceo que ils sont a recouer le dette auantdist al vse dun auter person, cestassanoir, al vse lour Testator & nient a lour vse demesne.

Et si le tenaunt en dower eyt vn villeine, le quel purchase certain terre▪ en fee & puis le tenant en dower enter, el auera la terre a luy & a ses heirs a touts iours, & mesme le ley est de tenaunt a terme dans de vn villeine.

Et nota que le seignior poit robber, naufrer & chastiser son villeine a savolunt, salue que il ne puit luy maime, car donques il auera appeal de maihim enuers luy.

Et nota que villaine poit auer trois actions [...]uers sa seigniour, cest [Page 184] ascauoir, vn appeale de mort son auncestour, vn appeale de rape fait a sa feme, & vn appeale de maihim. Et nota si deux parceners port briefe de nieftie, & lun de eux soit nonsuite, le nonsuite de luy serra adiudge la nonsuite de ambideux issint q̄ si le nonsuit soit apres appearance, ils serront saue de cest actiō a touts tours, car la ley est tiel en fauorem libertatis.

Et nota si deux ont vn villein in common, & lun de eux fait a luy vn manumission, il ne serra my enfrāc enuers ambideux.

Et nota que en br̄e de Natiuo habēdo il couiēt que le Sn̄r monstr̄ coment aueigna priuie de sanke a celuy villeine de que il est Seigniour &c. Et sil ne nul de ses ancestors ne soit seisi de nul de son sanke, il ne gainer per son action si le villeine nad pas conus en court de Record luy estr son villeine.

Et nota que en briefe de niefe ne purront estr [...] [Page] mis plusours niefes que deux tant solemēt, & hoc introductum fuit prius in odium seruitutis. Mes en brief de libertate probanda, purront estre mise tāts Niefs come le plaintif voudra.

Et nota que si le niefe de seignior soit fue ē ancient demesne de roy ou auter vill priuilegie, deins lan & iour le seigniour poit luy seiser, & sil demurt en la dit ville ou lieu franchise per vn an & vn iour sans le seisin de sou seigniour il nad my power de luy seiser apres sil ne va dehors le suisdit franchise.

Et ascuns sont villeins per title de Prescription, que tout lour sanke out este villeins regardants a le maner dun Seigniour de tēps de non memory,

Et ascun sont fait villeins ꝑ lour confession en vn court de record. Auxy le Sn̄r poit fair vn manumission a son villein & luy infrāch [...]a touts iours.

Auxy si le villeine port ascun actiō vers son [Page 185] seigniour, si ne soit appel de maihim, & le seignior a ceo sans protestation fait respons, donqs ꝑ ceo l [...] villein est franches.

Auxy si vn villeine purchase terre, & ad biens & vend les terres & biēs deuant ascun entre ou seisin fait per le Seignior, la vend est bon, mes le roy que est seignior de villein ē tiel case poit ent & seiser le terre ap [...]es tiel vendr fait, quia nullum tempus occurrit regi.

Viscont.

VIscont, est ou le nosm̄ de vn degre ou state de honor soubs vn Cont & paramont vn Baron ou le nosme de vn Magistrate & officer d [...]l grand aucthority q̄ nous communem̄t appellomus (Shirif) ou de parler plus verayment (Shire reue) & fuit al primes appel (Shire gereue) cē a di [...]e custos cōit [...]tus, ou le reue ou ruler del countie, car (Gereue) esteant deriue de Saxon parol (Gerecian) pur rule, [Page] fuit al primes appel (Gerecfa) & donques (Gerefa) que betoken vn ruler. Et de ceo vient (Portreue ou Portgreue) vn nosme q̄ en viel temps fuit done al chief officer dun ville, & signifie le gouernour del ville pur ceo q̄ (Port) v [...]niens de le latin parol portes, signifie vn port ville, & & (Gereue) esteāt deriue come est auantdit signifie vn ruler, issint que Portgereue, ou come nous a [...] briefement parle ceo (Portreue) est le gouernet del ville.

Et issint fuit le chiefe Officer ou Gouernor del Citie de Londres longe temps past (deuant que ils ad le nosm̄ del Maior ou Bailifes) appel, come il appiert en diuers viculx Monuments: Mes principalm̄t en le Saxō Charter de Guilliam Bastarde le Conquerour, que issint commence.

William Cing greit Williā Bisceop, & Godfrey Ges port Gerefan, and dalle tha Burwarren the on Londō beon &c.

[Page 186]Issint ils de Garmanie (de que nous & nostre language ensemble primerment vient) appel enter eux vn gouernour Burgreeue, vn auter Margreeue, & vn auter Landsgreue, oue tielx semblables &c.

Cest tant est dit tantsolement pur monstre le droit Etymon & antiquitie del parol (Shirife) a quel officer nostr commō ley ad toutes foits accordant done graund confidence & aucthoritie, come destre vn special p̄seruer del peace. Et pur ceo touts obligatiōs q̄ il prist a mesme le purpose, sont cōe Recognisances ē ley.

Il auxi est vn Iudge de record quant il tient les Lee [...]s on Turnes, les q̄ux sont Courts de record.

Item il ad le execution & retourne des briefs, & empannelling des Iuries, & tiels semblables, &c.

Volunt.

VOlunt est quant le tenant tient a la volunt [Page] del lessor ou del seignior & ceo est en deux manners.

Vn est quant ieo face lease a vn home de terres, a tener a ma volunt, donques ieo p [...]s luy ouster a mon pleasure: Mes si il emblee le terre, & ieo luy ousta, donques il auera son emblee [...] ▪ & egresse & regresse i [...]sq, ils sont mature pur cux scier & carrier hors del terre.

Et [...]iel tenaunt a volunt nest pas tenus de sustayner & repairer le meason sicome tenant a terme de ans est tenus: Mes si il fait voluntarie wast, le lessour auera vers luy vn action de Trespas.

Auxi est auter tenaunt a volunt del Seignior per copie de court Rolle solonque le custome del manor: Et tiel tenāt poit surrēder le tre ē le mains le Seignior ꝑ le custome al vse vn auter pur terme de vie ou ē fee simple, ou fee tail, & donques il p̄ndra le terre del Sn̄r ou sō Seneschall per copie, & [...]erra fine al Seigniour: [Page 187] Mes sile Seigniour ousta tiel tenant, il nad remedy mes de suer per petition, & si tiel tenant voile emplede vn auter des terres &c. il couient enter vn plaint en le court, & coū tera en le nature de quel briefe il voit, sicoe le case gist.

Voucher.

VOucher, est quant vn Praecipe quod reddat de teire est port vers vn home, & vn auter doit garrant le terre al tenaunt, donques le tenant luy vouchera a gair [...]ti [...], & sur ceo il auera vn briefe appel Summoneas ad warrantizandum: l [...]t si le vicon [...] retourne que il nad ri [...]ns per que il poit este summon, donques issera briefe appel Sequatur sub suo periculo, & quant il vient il pl [...]d [...]r [...] onesque le demaundaunt, & si il vient & ne poit barre le demaundaunt, donques le demaundant recouera, la terre vers le tenaunt, [Page] & le tenant recouera tant de terre en value vers le vouchee, & sur ceo il auera vn briefe appel Capias ad valentiam vers le vouchee.

Vide pluis de Voucher deuant titulo Garrantie.

428 Vses.

VSes de terre ad son cō mencement apres q̄ le custome de propertie cō mence ent homes: Come ou vn esteant seisi de ties en fee simple, fait vn feoffement al vn auter sans ascun consideration, mes solement meaning que le auter serroit seisie al son vse, & que il mesme voile prender le commoditie & profits de les terres, & que le feoffee doit auer le possession & franktenement de ceo al mesme le vse &c.

Ore apres ceo sur bone considerations, & pur auoider diuers mischiefes & inconueniences, fuit le Statute de An. 27. H. 8. ca. 10. puruiew, q̄l vnit le vse & possession ensemble, issint que il que ad le vse [Page 188] de terre, il mesme ad le possession de ceo, accordant al vse que il auoyt en c̄eo per vertue de cest estatute.

Vsurie.

VSurie, est vn gaine de ascun chose ouster le principal, ou ceo que fuit lent, exact solem̄t en consideration de le loan, soit il de corne, viande, apparel, wares, ou tielx sēblables, come de money.

Et icy mult poit estre dit, & diuers cales poyent estre mis concemants Vsurie, le ql de purpose ieo omit, solement ieo pua, q̄ ceux q̄ accompt eux mesmes religious & bone Christians, ne voylent deceiue eux mesm [...]s ꝑ colour de le statute de Vsurie, pur ceo q̄ il dit, que il ne seria loyal pur ascun de prender ouster x. h. en le C. li. pur vn an &c. per que ils collect (mes fauxement) q̄ils poyent ꝑ ceo prender x. la. pur le loane dun C. li. oue vn bon cō science, pu [...] ceo q le statute solonque vn manner [Page] dispence oue ceo (p [...] ceo que il ne punishe u [...]lx prendors) q [...]el chose il n [...] po [...]t faire oue les leyes & ordināces de d [...]u car Di [...]u voile auer ses decrees obserue inuiolable, que dit, lende expectans pur nul chose pur ceo &c. Per queux parolx est exclude, le p [...]sell de x. li. v. li. ou de vn denyer ouster le principall. Mes plus pensant [...]els que cest statute fuit fait sur t [...]el cause, q̄ moua Moyses de doner vn bill de diuorce 2 les Israelites, come nosment, pur auoyder vn greinder mischiefe, & pur le du [...]itie de lour ceurs.

430 Vtlary.

VTlarie▪ est quant exigent issist vers ascun home & proclamation fait in v. counties, donques a le v. countie si le defendant nappeare, le coroner don [...]ra iudgem̄t que il [...]erra hors de protection de Roy, & hors del eyde le ley.

Et per tiel vtlarie in [Page 189] action personels [...]e partie vtlage forfetera touts ses b [...]ns & chateux al Roy.

Et per vtlarie in felony il forfeitera auxy byen touts ses terres & tenem̄ts que il ad in fee simple, ou pur terme de sa vie, come ses biens & chateux.

Auxy mesque vn home soit vtlage, vncore si a [...]cū discontinuance ou errour s [...]it in la suite del proces, le partie de ceo auera la aduātage & pur [...]iel cause lutlagary [...]erra reuerse & adnul.

Auxy si le partie defendant so [...]t ouster la mere al temps de vtlaga [...]y pronounce, ceo est bon cause de reuer [...]al del vtlarie.

Auxy si vn exigent soit agard vers vn home in vn countie lou [...]l ne demurra pas, vncore vn exigent oue proclamation issera al county lou il demurre ou auterment sil soit sur ceo vtl [...]ge vtlagarie puit este reuerse come appiert per lestatute fait anno 6. & 4. Henric [...] octaui, cap. 4▪

[Page]Auxy si vn soit vtlage in action personal al suite dun auter & puis il purchase son charter de pardon de Roy, tiel charter ne serra iammes allow, tanque il ad sue vn briefe de Scire facias de garn̄ le partie pleintife, & si il appeare, donques le defendant respondera a luy & luy barrer̄ de sa actiō, ou auterment de faire agrement ouesque luy.

431 Vtrum.

VTrum, est vn briefe & gist quant le droit dascun esglise est alien & tenus in laye fee, ou translate in possession dauter esglise, & le alienour deu [...]e, donques son successor auera le dit briefe, per q̄ vn enquest serra charge de trier vtrum sit libera el [...]mosina ecclesiae vel la [...]cum feodum. Et nota que nul que ad couent ou common seale, puit mainte [...]er cest briefe, mes briefe Dentre sin [...] assensu capituli de alienation fait per [...]on predecess [...]ur.

[Page 190]

W.

Waife.

WAife, est quant vn laron ad felomousmēt emblee biens, & esteant ne [...]remēt pursue oue hue & crie, ou auterment surcharge oue le burden ou trouble des biens, pur son ease & plus speedie tra [...]aile sauns hue & cry fua, & waiua les byens o [...] ascun part de eux a [...]ere luy &c. donques le officer del Ro [...]gne, ou le Reeue ou Baylife al Seigniour del mannour (deins que iurisdiction ou circuit ils fuerount way [...]e) que per prescription, ou graunt del Roig [...]e ad le fra [...] chi [...]e de waife, poyent seiser les biens i [...]t wayfe al v [...]e de lour Seigniour, q̄ poet retaine eux come ses proper byens sinon que le owner vient ouesque fresh [...]uite apres le felon▪ & sue vn appell, o [...] done en euidence enuers luy al son arraignmēt sur lendictment, & il attaint de [...]o &c. En queux [Page] cases le primer owner auera restitution de ses biens issint emblee & wayfe.

Mes nient obstāt come ad este dit, waife est propermēt de biens emblees, vncore waife poit este auxy de biens nient embles. Come si vn hōe so [...]t pursue oues (que) hue & crie, come vn felon, & il fue & relinquish ses biens demesne &c. ils serra prise cōe biens waife, & forfait com̄ sils ad este emblees.

433 Waiue.

WAiue, est vn feme que est vtlage, & est appeal waiue, quasi relicta a lege, & non vtlage come home est, car femes ne sont iures en leetes al Roigne, ne al ley come homes sont, queux pur ceo sont de [...]ns le ley ou femes ne sont, & pur cest cause ils ne poyent este dit vtl' ent [...]nt que ils ne vnques fueront deins ceo. M [...]s vn home est dit vtlage, pur ceo que il fuit vn foits [...]ure al ley, & a ore▪ pur contempt il est [Page 191] mys hors del ley, & dictus vtlagatus quasi extra legem positus.

Warwit.

WArwit (ou wardwit come ascuns copies ad ceo) hoe est qu [...]etum esse de d [...]nari [...]s dandis pro wardis faciendis.

Wast.

WAst est lou tenant a terme dans, tenant a terme de vie, ou renaunt pur terme dauter vie, tenant en dower, ou tenant per la curtesie, ou gardein en chiualry fait wast ou destruction sur la terre. s. sil debrusa meason, ou coupe merisme, ou suffer le meas voluntarily pur esch [...]er, ou foder la terre, donq̄ cesty en le reuersion auera vn briefe & recouer̄ le lieu ou le wast fuit fait & treble dam̄, mes si home coup̄ merisme sans licence, & ouesque ceo repaire les auncient measons, vnc' ceo nest pas wast. Mes sil ouesque le merisme [...]d [...]fia vn nouel [Page] meason donques le couper de tiel merisme est wast. Auxi le couper de subboys ou willowes q̄ nest pas merisme, ne ser [...]a dit wast, sinō que ils cressount en le view del site del meason.

436 Wrecke.

WRecke ou varech cōe les Normans de que il vient appello [...]t ceo, est quant vn [...]efe est perish sur la mere, & nul home escape viue hors de niefe & le niefe ou part del niefe issint perishe ou les biens en la niefe vient al terre dascun seigniour, le seigniour les auera cōe vn wrecke de mere, mes si vn home ou vn chyen ou chate escape viue, issint q̄ la partie a que les biēs sont veign̄ de [...]ns lan & iour, & proue les biens destr̄ ses, il auera eux arr̄, ꝑ prouision del statute de West. le primer ca 4. fait en les iours del Roy Ed. 1. que en ceo followed le decree de H. 1. deuant que iours, si vn niefe ad estre mise sur le shore, [Page 192] torne oue tempest, & [...]emy repaier per eux que escapont en vie deins vn certeine temps, que donques ceo fuit prise come wrecke.

Withernam.

WIthernā, Vide de ceo deuant, titulo Distresse.

Warren.

WArren est vn lieu priuiledge ꝑ prescription ou grant del Roign̄ pur le preseruation del liuerets, comes, perdices & fesants, ou ascun de eux.

FINIS.

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Author: Rastell, John, d. 1536.1595

Termes of the Law.

1 Abatement of a writ or plaint.

Abatement in lands.

3 Abbot.

¶ Abbettors.

5 Abeiance.

6 Abishersing.

7▪ Abiuration.

Abridgement of a plaint or demaund.

9 ¶ Accedas ad Curiam.

10 ¶ Acceptance.

Accessories.

¶ Action.

Actions personals.

¶ Actions reals.

15 ¶ Action popular.

Action mixt.

17 Action of a writ.

18 Action vpon the case.

Action vpon the statute.

Accompt.

Accord.

Acquitall.

Acquitance.

24 Actes.

Additions.

26 Adiournement.

27 Admeasurement de Dower.

Admeasurement de pasture.

29 Administrator.

30 ¶ Admirall.

31 ¶ Ad quod dampnū.

¶ Aduowson.

¶ Age prier.

Agreement.

35 ¶ Ayde.

¶ Ayde de Roy.

¶ Ayle.

Alien.

Alienation.

Ambidexter.

Amendement.

42 Amercement.

Amercement royall.

An, iour & wast.

45 Annuitie.

46 Apppeale.

¶ Appellant.

¶ Appellour.

Appendant & appur­tenant.

50 Apporcionment.

Appropriations.

52 Approuement.

53 Arbitrement.

Arrest.

55 Arrerages.

56 Assets.

Assignee.

58 Assise.

¶ Assise de darraine presentment.

¶ Assise de Mortdan­cester.

¶ Attainder.

¶ Attaint.

63 Attournement.

¶ Audita quaerela.

¶ Auerment.

66 ¶ Auerpeny.

67 Auncien demesne.

Auowrie.

B.

69 Baile.

Bailement.

Bailife.

Back berind theefe.

73 Bargaine and sale.

Barre.

Base fee.

Bastardie.

Battaile.

Appendant & appurtenant.

¶ Assise de Mortdancester.

123 Contra formam collationis.

Contra formam feoffamenti.

125 Contributione facienda.

138 Curtesie of England.

Dedimus potestatem▪