A perfect table declaring the assise or weight of bread, by Troy and Avoirdupois weights. Extracted and taken out of the new booke entituled Artachthos, by the composer thereof. Not only for the service of the citie of London, but for the whole realme; to the end that everie one, as well poore as rich, may trie the weight of the bakers bread, by the sort of weight, and finding it too light, complaine to the magistrate, or present them at the sessions of the peace, coort-leet, or elsewhere — Artachthos. Selections

Author: Penkethman, John.1640

A perfect Table DECLARING The Assise or weight of Bread, by Troy and Avoirdupois weights. Extracted and taken out of the new Booke entituled Artachthos, by the Composer thereof.
Not only for the service of the Citie of London, but for the whole Realme; To the end that everie one, as well poore as rich, may trie the weight of the Bakers bread, by ther sort of weights, and finding it too light, complaine to the Magistrate, or present them at the Sessions of the Peace, Court-Leet, or elsewhere.

HVMBLY DEDICATED

To the Right Honourable the Lord Maior of the Citie of London, and his right worthy Successors for their owne particular, annuall, successive Mansions in that eminent Office. As also respectively commended to all other Magistrates and Officers, whose dutie it is to looke unto the just Assise and weight and generally all others whom it may concerne.

VVHat Armes more honourable? for herein
The Crosse of CHRIST who died for humane sin,
Is represented, and a Sword withall,
Not of Sr. William Walworth, but St. Paul;
In memorie of his glorious way of dying,
Nero his Heathen God, and power defying;
Yet Englands Chronicle hath well declar'd,
Where that stout Pretor Honours bountie shar'd,
And Londons true Surveyour hath not err'd,
Shewing from whence the Sword was thus preferr'd.

That Motto supplicant in Latine phrase,
The hearts of Paul and Peter well displayes,
(Both fellow-Martyrs) nnd doth serve no lesse
Our Cities pious Rulers to expresse;
How they desire not only Gods protection,
But, in all Truth and Iustice, his direction.
O Lord, protect them, save them from all harmes,
With wisdome infinite, Almightie armes;
O Lord, direct them, that they never swerve,
But ever may these Armes maintaine, deserve.

So sayeth

So prayeth,

I. P. C. L.

THE LAVVES OF GOD against false weights and measures, and all kinds of Deceit.

Levit. chap. 19. vers. 35, 36.

Yee shall not doe unjustly in judgement, in line, in weight, or in measure, &c.

Prov. chap. 11. vers. 2. chap. 20. vers. 11, 23.

False Balances are an abhomination unto the Lord, but a perfect weight pleaseth him.

Chap. 20. vers. 26.

He that withdraweth the corne, the people will curse him, but blessings shall be upon the head of him that selleth corne.

Chap. 11. vers. 18.

The wicked worketh a deceitfull work; but he that soweth righteousnesse shall receive a sure reward.

Mich. chap. 6. vers. 11.

Shall I justifie the wicked balances, and the bag of deceitfull weights.

Psal. 101. vers. 7.

There shall no deceitfull person dwell in my house.

Amos chap. 8. vers. 4, 5, 6, 7.

Heare this, O yee that swallow up the poore, yee that make the needie of the land to faile.

Saying, when will the new Moone be gone, that we may sell corne, and the Sabbath, that we may set forth wheat, and falsifie the weights by deceit:

That wee may buy the poore for silver, and the needie for shooes; yea, and sell the refuse of the wheat?

The Lord hath sworne by the excellencie of Iacob; Surely I will never forget any of their works.

Deut. chap. 25. vers. 13.

Thou shalt not have in thy bag two manner of weights, a great and a small; neither shalt thou have in thy house divers measures, a great and a small; but thou shalt have a right and a just weight, a perfect and just measure shalt thou have.

The Composers Conclusion.

Sith Lawes and threats divine doe thus advise,

Bakers, beware, keep justly your Assise;

For though on earth your punishment be small.

VVhere faults be great, in Hell you'll pay for all.

The Penny VVheaten Loafe.

Wheat the Quarter.	By Troy Weight.	By Avoird upo is Weight.
Price.	O. P. Nu.	O. D. 73. Nu.	De.
xx s. vi d.	24 15 9	27 1 6 1	41
xxi s.	24 3 3	26 3 66 5	7
xxi s. vi d.	23 12 8	25 6 71 41	43
xxii s.	23 1 5	25 2 20 6	11
xxii s. vi d.	22 11 1	24 5 57 2	5
xxiii s.	22 1 9	24 1 35 12	23
xxiii s. vi d.	21 12 0	23 5 27 0
xxiiii s.	21 3 0	23 1 31 0
xxiiii s. vi d.	20 14 18	22 5 46 37	49
xxv s.	20 6 2	22 2 0 14	25
xxv s. vi d.	19 18 6	21 6 37 39	51
xxvi s.	19 10 6	21 3 11 10	13
xxvi s. vi d.	19 3 5	20 7 68 1	53
xxvii s.	18 16 0	20 4 60 0
xxvii s. vi d.	18 9 9	20 1 60 13	55
xxviii s.	18 2 4	19 6 68 2	7
xxviii s. vi d.	17 16 4	19 4 10 14	9
xxix s.	17 10 2	19 1 33 6	29
xxix s. vi d.	17 4 8	18 6 62 20	59
xxx s.	16 18 2	18 4 24 4	5
xxx s. vi d.	16 12 52	18 1 66 17	61
xxxi s.	16 7 15	17 7 40 15	31
xxxi s. vi d.	16 2 2	17 5 20 1	7
xxxii s.	15 17 1	17 3 5 0	4
xxxii s. vi d.	15 12 24	17 0 67 53	65
xxxiii s.	15 7 7	16 6 62 4	11
xxxiii s. vi d.	15 3 3	16 4 61 29	67
xxxiiii s.	14 18 10	16 2 64 14	17
xxxiiii s. vi d.	14 14 6	16 2 72 8	23
xxxv s.	14 10 2	15 7 10 29	35
xxxv s. vi d.	14 5 69	15 5 26 7	71
xxxvi s.	14 2 60	15 3 45 0
xxxvi s. vi d.	13 18 10	15 1 67 28	73
xxxvii s.	13 14 14	15 0 20 4	37
xxxvii s. vi d.	13 10 18	14 6 49 1	25
xxxviii s.	13 7 3	15 5 8 1	19
xxxiii s. vi d.	13 3 53	14 3 43 2	77
xxxix s.	13 0 4	14 2 7 11	13
xxxix s. vi d.	12 17 1	14 0 48 32	79
xl s.	12 13 4	13 7 18 3	5
xl s. vi d.	12 10 2	13 5 64 1	3
xli s.	12 7 25	13 4 39 21	41
xli s. vi d.	12 4 52	13 3 17 4	83
xlii s.	12 1 5	13 1 69 6	7
xlii s. vi d.	11 18 74	13 0 51 73	85
xliii s.	11 16 4	13 7 35 42	43
xliii s. vi d.	11 13 11	12 6 22 4	29
xliiii s.	11 10 8	12 5 10 3	11
xliiii s. vi d.	11 8 12	12 4 0 28	89
xlv s.	11 5 3	12 2 65 1	5
xlv s. vi d.	11 3 11	12 1 58 79	91
xlvi s.	11 0 16	12 0 54 6	23
xlvi s. vi d.	10 18 10	11 7 51 10	31
xlvii s.	10 16 0	11 6 50 0
xlvii s. vi d.	10 13 69	11 5 50 23	95
xlviii s.	10 11 1	11 4 52 0	2
xlviii s. vi d.	10 9 31	11 3 55 22	97
xlix s.	10 7 9	11 2 59 43	49
xlix s. vi d.	10 5 1	11 1 65 10	11
l s.	10 3 1	11 1 0 7	25
l s. vi d.	10 1 3	11 0 8 96	101
li s.	9 19 1	10 7 18 15	17
li s. vi d.	9 17 13	10 6 30 4	103
lii s.	9 15 3	10 5 42 5	13
lii s. vi d.	9 13 13	10 4 55 31	35
liii s.	9 11 29	10 3 70 27	53
liii s. vi d.	9 9 81	10 3 13 24	107
liiii s.	9 8 0	10 2 30 0
liiii s. vi d.	9 6 30	10 1 47 88	109
lv s.	9 4 32	10 0 66 34	55
lv s. vi d.	9 2 34	10 0 15 15	37
lvi s.	9 1 2	9 7 34 1	7
lvi s. vi d.	8 10 77	9 6 55 91	113
lvii s.	8 18 2	9 6 5 7	19
lvii s. vi d.	8 16 64	9 5 28 93	115
lviii s.	8 15 1	9 4 53 3	29
lviii s. vi d.	8 13 7	9 4 5 3	13
lix s.	8 12 4	9 3 31 10	59
lix s. vi d.	8 10 74	9 2 57 107	119
lx s.	8 9 1	9 2 12 2	5
lx s. vi d.	8 7 97	9 1 40 79	121
lxi s.	8 6 26	9 0 69 39	61
lxi s. vi d.	8 5 3	9 0 26 14	41
lxii s.	8 3 23	8 7 56 23	31
lxii s. vi d.	8 2 54	8 7 14 103	125
lxiii s.	8 1 1	8 6 46 4	7
lxiii s. vi d.	7 19 111	8 6 5 123	127
lxiiii s.	7 18 5	8 5 39 0	8
lxiiii s. vi d.	7 17 17	8 4 72 28	43
lxv s.	7 16 12	8 4 33 59	65
lxv s. vi d.	7 14 130	8 3 68 99	131
lxvi s.	7 13 9	8 3 31 2	11
lxvi s. vi d.	7 12 88	8 2 67 23	133
lxvii s.	7 11 35	8 2 30 48	67
lxvii s. vi d.	7 10 2	8 1 67 4	5
lxviii s.	7 9 5	8 1 32 7	17
lxviii s. vi d.	7 8 28	8 0 70 74	137
lxix s.	7 7 3	8 0 36 4	23
lxix s. vi d.	7 6 10	8 0 2 42	139
lxx s.	7 5 1	7 7 41 32	35
lxx s. vi d.	7 4 0	7 7 9 0
lxxi s.	7 2 70	7 6 49 39	71
lxxi s. vi d.	7 1 141	7 6 17 79	143
lxxii s.	7 1 0	7 5 59 0
lxxii s. vi d.	7 0 4	7 5 27 128	145
lxxiii s.	6 19 5	7 4 70 14	73
lxxiii s. vi d.	6 18 6	7 4 39 45	49
lxxiiii s.	6 17 7	7 4 10 2	37
lxxiiii s. vi d.	6 16 40	7 3 53 88	149
lxxv s.	6 15 9	7 3 24 13	25
lxxv s. vi d.	6 14 70	7 2 68 126	152
lxxvi s.	6 13 11	7 2 40 10	19
lxxvi s. vi d.	6 12 12	7 2 12 10	17
lxxvii s.	6 11 65	7 1 [...] 1	77
lxxvii s. vi d.	6 10 154	7 1 30 123	155
lxxviii s.	6 10 2	7 1 3 12	13
lxxviiis. vi d.	6 9 51	7 0 50 [...]2	157
lxix s.	6 8 40		7 0 [...]	79
lxix s. vi d.	6 [...] 97	[...]	[...]
lxxx s. [...]	6 [...]	[...]		[...]

The Demonstration and use of this Table.

BY the severall Intitulations, or words on the head of each Columne, the same is sufficiently described; where note, under the words, By Troy Weight, O signifies Ounces; P, Penny-weights, and the figures thereunder respectively placed, signifie so many Ounces and Penny-weights.

Vnder the words, By Avoirdupois weight, O signifies Ounces; D, Drams, and the figures thereunder respectively placed, signifie so many Ounces and Drams.

As for 73. Nu. and De. in respect the same stand for Fractions, being set downe, not to be strictly required, or stood upon; but to prove the more exact computation of this Table, I refer you for the better understanding and use thereof, to the said new Booke of Assise.

Now for the use of this Table.

Suppose, when the Second Wheat (which is the Red, being unground) is sold for xxxiii s. the Quarter in the Market, you would know what the Assise or weight of the Penny wheaten loafe should be in London, or any other Citie, Borough, or Corporate Towne, where white, wheaten, and houshold are usually baked and sold. In this case, considering the Baker is allowed by the Orders in the said new Booke, vi s. for the baking of a quarter of wheat, over and above the price of the Second wheat in the Market, look under the word (Price) for xxxix s. and directly against it you shall find the weight of the Penny wheaten loafe Troy is 13 ounces; Avoirdupois, 14 ounces 2 drams, be sides the Fractions, which you may omit, as not worthy regard. Secondly, to know what the Assise or weight of the same Loafe should be, out of Cities, Boroughs, or Corporate Townes; or in Cities, Boroughs, or Corporate Townes, where white & houshold only are used to be baked, and sold; considering that the Baker there is allowed by the said orders but iiii s. for the baking of a quarter of wheat over and above the price of the Second wheat in the Market: Looke for xxxvii s. under the said word (Price) & directly against it, you shall find the weight thereof, as is before directed. To conclude:

For the other two sorts of Bread.

Note, that according to the Statute, and the ancient order and custome of this Countrey, three halfe-penny white must weigh a penny wheaten, and two penny white must weigh a penny houshold, as is more at large declared in the said new Book; which being commended by [...] Majesties Proclamation, (where the old Booke is declared to be verie false, and unfit for use) containeth a larger Table of the Assise of the three sorts of Bread, extending to v l. the quarter of wheat, besides many necessarie Orders, Ruler, Tables, Caveats and Instructions, for the regulating of the Bakers, and the punishing of those offend: and shewing what Brea [...] full and [...] and of whom you ma [...] buy the fairest [...] with a true relation of the most [...] famines happened within this Realme [...] in of William the Conquerour [...] [...]ling of the price of wheat [...] time, with the severall [...] prudent Magistrate may [...] God [...]

Imprinted at London by Richard Bishop, and [...]

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