The preceptes of Agapetus to the emperour Iustinian.
COnsyderynge o myghty Emperour thou hast the highest and honorableste dignite of all dignites: thou shuldest honour & worshyp hȳ aboue all other / whiche hath reputed the worthy of suche honour. For why / god in likenes of his celestiall empere / hath delyuered to the / the sceptre and gouernaunce of this worlde / to instructe and teache thy subiectes to kepe iustice / and to punyshe them / whiche persuade the contrary / folowynge and obeyenge his lawes and his preceptis / and orderynge thy subiectes as right and [Page] equite requirethe.
ii. As the gouernour of a shyppe in tempest doth watche diligētly bothe for his owne sauegarde and his: so an emperour muste kepe suche diligent watche / that equite and iustice be in surete: and so strongely repelle the vehement wawes of iniquite / that the [...]ot of his worldly cōmonwelth be nat frushed and brokē with the wawes of wickednes.
iii. Therfore we mortal men specially are taught and īstructed with holy scripture / to knowe our selfe. For who that knoweth hym selfe / shall knowe god: and he yt knoweth god / shall be likened to god: truly he shal be likened to god / that is goddis seruant: he is goddis seruāt / that doth nothyng contrary to goddis cōmandement / but that he thynketh be ꝑteynynge [Page] to god: he speketh as he thynketh / and dothe as he speketh: whiche thynge no man may do effectually / with out perpetuall contynuance in goodnes.
iiii. No man shulde glorifie or delite in the nobilite of his kyndrede. For why / both riche and poure be ingendred of erthe. Therfore no mā ought to exalte and prayse his vile & erthly kyndrede / but onely glorifie and reioyce in good and godly maners.
v. O mā loke and knowe thou / that the higher thou art by goddis helpe in dignite: so moche thou arte more in his dette: therfore thanke thy benefactour therof / whiche acceptethe that is due to him as merite / and for frendshyppe doth frendshyppe: god is always the first that gyueth / and yet as he were our detter / he quiteth [Page] agayn our goodnes to hym shewed. onely requirynge for his gentylnes and kyndenes to vs / effectuall loue and thankes.
vi. Truly ther is nothyng that maketh a man so cōmendable or preyse worthy / as to do / that he desyreth to do: and to wyll and do / that is good and rightous. Consyderynge than that this power is gyuen the by almighty god / of the whiche in our be halfe thou haddest great nede: thou shalte wyll and do nothynge / but as god (that hath gyuen the suche faculte and power) wylleth and commaundeth. For truely nothynge is more pleasant both to god and man / than to do iustice.
7. The vnstedfastnes of these worldly riches ensue and folowe the cours of flowyng waters / whiche ryches [Page] he shall possesse & enioye but a while that thynketh hȳ selfe of them most sure. For shortely after / with the fallyng water / they wyll leue hym and enriche some other. Therfore good and mercifull dedes be to man most sure and stedfaste: for the merite of them returneth euermore to the profite of the good dede doers.
viii. Bicause of this high & worldly empere thou art harde to be spoken with all: and yet by reason of suche power thou shuldest humiliate thy selfe: and therfore ye spedilier admyt poure mē to thy speche and presence. Thou shalte therfore the sooner (folowing goddis rules) listen to poure men / that god maye in thy necessite bothe kyndly harken to the / and also helpe the. For loke howe we order other / so of god we shal be ordred.
[Page]ix. The pēs;iful and troubled mynde of an emperour muste be euermore as pure as the glas / that so hit may by diuine and godly lyght / continually glyster & shyne: and also that he by quietnes of mynde may lerne distincte and true knowelege of thynges. For truely there is nothynge yt causeth man so wel to marke and be holde what is to be done / as a quiete mynde and clere conscience.
x. Lyke as the mariner / a lytell goynge out of cours / hurteth & is noyfull to those that sayle with hym: & as the shyppe by negligence of the gouernour peryssheth and goeth to wracke: euen so do the citees. For if a subiecte do amys / he hurteth hym selfe more greuously than the welth publyke: but whan the ruler / the gouernour / or prince mysdoeth / he hurteth [Page] ye holle cōmunalte: Therfore for as moche as he must gyue a strayte counte if he rule nat well: hit were nedefull that he with exquysite diligence both speke & do euery thynge / and so auoyde all danger.
xi The cercle & whele of these worldly thynges be often tymes turned / the whiche are turned somtime this way somtyme that way. Truely in these thynges is no equalite: for in them is neither constāce nor yet any sure fūdaciō. Therfore o most mighty emperour amonge these changeable mouynges / and vnstedynes of thynges / loke that thou haue a stedfaste thought and mynde / with true feythe and pitie.
xii. Thou shalt flie and withstande the entycyng cōmunicacion of flatterers / as thou woldeste eschewe a [Page] sort of rauening crowes. For crowes pecke out the corporal eies: but flatterers blinde the vnderstandynge of mans soule / whan they wyll nat suffre hym to ꝑceyue the trouthe of thȳ ges: for either they preyse thynges that are worthy to be dispreised / or els dispreise thinges most worthy to be preysed: so that one of these two must nedes folowe / that is / either ye commendacion and laude of yll and wicked caytyues / orels the cōtempt and dispreyse of good men.
xii. An emperours mynde must alway be constant. For why / to chāge with euery wauerȳg and vnstedfast thinge / is a token of an inconstaunt minde. Therfore thou shuldest cleue and affixe thy selfe to good and vertuous men / whiche shall stablishe & make stedfaste thy kyngdome & empere. [Page] Nor thou shuldest nat proudly eleuate thy selfe / nor yet without reson to moche submytte thy selfe: but prudently after the vse and custome of wise men / surely to groūde the inconstance. For who so euer grondely thynkethe vpon the disceitfulnes of this lyfe: and wyll also beholde the vilenes and shortnes therof: consyderynge farthermore the bodily fylthines / he wyll neuer waxe proude / be he in neuer so high a dignite.
xiiii. Aboue all other precious ornamentis that any kyngdome hath / ye crowne of pite and of diuyne seruice dothe most hight and ornate a kyngis and an emperours maieste. For why / erthely richesse / fauour of the cōmunalte / laude & preyse do soone vanishe away / but the glorie of good and vertuous life / is immortall / and [Page] shall neuer be forgotte.
xv. Me thynketh hit moche vnconuenient / that the poore man and the riche shulde suffre like harme by cō trarye and dyuers causes: the riche by abundance and great welfare are corrupted: ye poure perishe through famyne and scarsite. Farther more the riche possesseth al the worlde / the poure man hath nat where he maye set his foote. Therfore / to the entent that they bothe may be holpe / they must be ruled by deduction / that is / the riche muste gyue to the poure: & so the inequalite shall be brought to equalite.
xvi. The tyme and season of prosperous life / whiche certeyne olde prophettis dyd ꝓnosticate shulde come / whan wyse men shulde gouerne and rule / or kynges waxe philosophers / [Page] is nowe manifested and opened: for truely you gyuynge nowe and appliyng your selfe to philosophie & wysedome / are estemed worthy to be rulers: but specially whan in your auctorite and gouerning / ye decline nat frō reason & wysedome. For if to loue wisedome maketh the philosopher / and the begynnyng of wisedome is the fere of god / whiche ye must euer more remēbre: who can say / but my writing is true / & as clere as true?
xvii. For certeyne we affirme the to be an emperour / seinge thou wylt ouercome & subdue thy voluptuous pleasures. and than thou arte crowned with the [...]deme of Chastite / & thā thou shewest thy selfe arayed wt the [...]urpul robe of Iustice. As for al other thinges vanishe away: these vertues be immortall: al other pleasures [Page] and worldly dignites peryshe: but as these vertues be fer frō al perell / so they be euerlastyng.
xviii. If thou wylt be beloued & honored of all men / loke thou helpe all men. For certeynly ther is nothyng that causeth a mā to be beloued and honored so soone / as to helpe and succour poure mē: for ye capping & knelyng that is done for feare / is fucate & figured flattery of feyned honour.
xix. Thy empere by all right & reason is therfore the more worthy to be honored and preysed / that it feareth and kepeth his ēnemies vnder: and shewing to his subiectis al kyndnes kepeth them in good ꝓsperite. Therfore as it ouercometh his ēnmies by strengthe of armes / so his subiectes by charite and good loue surmoūt & ouercome his gentylnes & goodnes: [Page] truly betwene these .ii. kyndes of humanite & loue is no more difference / than is betwene the tame shepe and other wylde beastis.
xx. Though an emperour ī body be like all other / yet in power he is lyke god / & maister of al men. For in erthe he hath no pere. Therfore as god be thou neuer chafed or angry / as man be thou neuer proude. For though yu be like god ī face / yet for al that thou art but erthe: whiche thing techeth the to be egall to euery man.
xxi. Accept and fauour them ye gyue the good coūsaile / but nat those that flatter the: good coūseilers consyder what ought to be done: flatterers cō syder what may please mē of might: whiche flatterers are like mens shadowes: for they gaynesay nothyng / but alowe & preise what euer is said.
[Page]xxii. Be so to thyne / as thou woldest that god shulde be to the. For as we here other / so we shall be harde / & as we fauour other / so god wyll fauour vs. Therfore let vs fyrst shewe mercy and be mercifull / that in lyke maner we may opteyne mercy.
xxiii. As a fayre glasse expresseth the very true fisnomy of man / that is of goodly & beutifull ꝑsons theyr beutifulnes: and of yll fauored theyr yl fauour: so the rightousnes & equite of god is likened to our dedes. For after our dedes / god wyll rewarde vs.
xxiiii. Do that y•e entende coldly / but yet do hit spedily yt ye purpose to do. For folishe hastynes in euery thinge is very perillous. Truly who yt marketh diligentely / what mischiefe ryseth of hastynes / shal soone ꝑceyue & like wise vnderstāde the cōmodite of [Page] good coūseile / as sicke folke aft theyr sickenes vnderstande the pleasure of helthe. Therfore most prudēt prince with sage coūseile and deuoute prayers made to god / loke thou diligently serche and inquere what shalbe ꝓfitable for the / to rule and gouerne this worlde.
xxv. Thou shalt best gouerne thy noble empere / if thou ouerse al thinges thy selfe / & suffre nothing negligētly to passe. Nor it is nat a small thinge in the / that in cōparison of thy subiectes appereth to be smalle. For the leest worde of an emperour / is amōg all folkes right highly estemed / and of great auctorite.
xxvi. Bicause ther is no erthly man that can cōstraine the to obserue and kepe thy lawes / enforce thy selfe to vse & kepe them. For if thou diligētly [Page] obserue them / thou shalt manifestly shewe / that the lawe is worthy to be obserued / and the breker of hit / worthy to be punyshed.
xxvii. It is one thinge to syn / & nat to chastise synners. For who so euer dwelleth in a cite / & ther in suffreth wicked liuers / before god he is an yl lyuer. Therfore if thou wylt be estemed to be indifferent / honor them yt do well / & punyshe them that do yll.
xxviii. I thynke hit very expediēt to eschewe yl company. For who yt is cō uersant with yll lyuers / shall eyther suffre harme / or lerne some yll. But he that leadeth his lyfe amōge good & honest cōpany / eyther he shal lerne to folowe honestie / orels to diminishe his fautes and vices.
xxix. Sith it is so yt god hath gyuen to the rule of al the worlde / loke yu vse [Page] no yl officers. For he that promoteth them shal answere for theyr offēces. Therfore great offices must be deligētly gyuē / & wel & wisely bestowed.
30. I esteme these two thinges to be lyke yll / to be chafed with ye leude deling of our ēnemie / or to be mollified with the plesant swete wordis of our frēdes. For we ought to resist & with stande them bothe / that is / neuer to decline frō comelines / nother in reuē gyng the vnresonable yll wyll of our foos / nor in rewarding the feyned beniuolence of our frende and louer.
31. Esteme nat those thy feythful frē des / that wyl preyse al thinges that thou spekest: but those / whiche with out any feyning / do all that they can for the: and be glad & reioyce / whan thou sayest or dost any thynge well / & agayne be sory & heuy / if thou do or [Page] say yll. For certayne these betokens of frendship aborryng all fraude.
32. Let nat the greatnes & might of this thy erthly empere chāge thy noble mynde / but ruling thy frayle empere / and subiect to diuers fortunes / haue amōge these mutable thinges a stedfast and īmutable mynde / nat lyfting vp thy selfe by to moche ioy / nor yet hurtȳg thy selfe by to moche heuynes & sorowe. For lyke as golde though it by crafte & wytte of mā be turned nowe thus nowe other wise / & wrought in diuers fashions of ornamentes: yet hit remayneth golde styl nor wyl nat be chāged from his nature: so thy selfe most noble emperour / though frō grice to grice haste borne one office after an other / & arte come to the most highest honor / yet thou remaynest ye same thinge thou [Page] were. Kepe yu therfore amonge these diuersites of thinges an inalterable and a cōstant mynde / the whiche frō this worldly empere / shal bringe the to ꝑpetuall blys & ioye euerlastinge.
33. If thou wylt haue ye dominiō of thy empere cōmended / deme thyne owne offences as worthy punysshemēt as ye defautes of thy subiectis. For in this worlde no man / but only thyn owne consciēce can punishe the.
34. He that opteyneth high power and dignite shulde ensue & folowe as nere as he may / ye gyuer therof. For if themperour represent god / lorde of al thinge / and by his liberalite hath the gouernance of euery thinge: he than (but namely ī this poynt) shall folow hym / & esteme no erthly thȳg so precious / or so moche of man to be desired / as to be mylde & mercifull.
[Page]35. Aboue golde and precious stone we shuld lay vp as treasure ye riches of well doing. For they in this p̄sent lyfe / through hope of the fruicion to come wyll delite vs: and in ye lyfe to come / by experience and tast of euerlasting ioy / they shalbe to vs swete & pleasant. These worldly thinges / ye seme to vs pleasant / shuld be eschewed and vtterly auoyded / as vnmete / and nothing ꝑteyninge to vs / yt they by enticement disceyue vs nat.
36. Loke thou quite them with gay rewardes / whiche with good wyl do thy cōmandemētes. For by ye meane thou shalt encreace ye corage of good men / and teache ye yldoers to lament theyr offences. For it were to moche vniuste deling to reward alike aswel them ye deserued nat as deserued it.
37. Than truly the empere excedeth [Page] all other thinges / whan ye ruler therof enclyneth nat to vndiscrete cruelnes / but to amiable equite & iustice / fleynge beastly cruelnes / and ensuyng godly kyndnes.
38. Aswel thou shalt iuge rightfully thy ēnemy as thy frēde / nat fauorȳg thy frēde for frendshyp / nor hurtyng thy ēnemy for hatred. For it is a like incōueniēce and offence / to helpe thy frēde desiryng that is agaynst eqte / as it is to hurte thy ēnemy demaunding iustice: ye misdede in both cases is like / though ye ꝑsones be dyuers.
39. Iuges must diligently harken to their causes. For hit is a very harde thinge breuely to ꝑceyue ye trouthe / the whiche frō negligēt ꝑsons soone skapeth. But if a rightful iuge wyll leaue the feyned eloquence of attourneis / and cōsidering the true entēciō [Page] wyl flie ye likelyhod of causes / he shal shortly ꝑceyue ye trouth. And farthermore auoyde .ii. diuers fautes / that is / they shal neither do / nor yet ꝑmit any other to do agaynst honestie.
xl. Though thou haue as many vertues / as be sterris ī ye firmamēt / yet thou shalt neuer ouercome the goodnes of god. For what so euer we offer to god / we offer to hȳ but his owne. And as no mā can go fro or before his shadowe in ye son / alway going afore or nere folowing hym: so ye goodnes of god is insuperable / and can nat be exceded wt good warkes of any man.
xli. The treasure of liberalite is infinite. For who that liberally spēdeth getteth / and spending his goodes other gether them. Loke than most liberal emperour: yt thou mynde those thinges: and that thou gyue largely [Page] to poure men. For whan the tyme of rewardes and thākes shall come / thā for this thy liberalite / thou shalt haue infinite thankes & great luker.
xlii. Seing thou haste opteyned and gotten thy kyngdome by god / folow thou hym in all good warkes / that men may knowe thy liberalite. For thou art of the numbre of them that may do good / & nat of poure mē and those that couet to be holpē. For god therfore hath gyuen the so abundāt riches to helpe & succour poure men.
xliii. An emperour is no otherwise ordeyned to rule the worlde / thā mans eies to rule and watche for the sauegarde of his body. He is deputed of god to ministre those thynges / that may be profitable for mā. Therfore an emperour ought to do none otherwise for al men / than he wolde do for [Page] hym selfe: that so by his tuiciō they may auoyde al dangers / and ꝓspere in goodnes.
xliiii. Thynke thou the most sure defence of thy ꝓsperite / to hurte nor to iniury no man. For he that offēdeth no man / suspecteth no man. If than to iniury no mā dothe cause good custody and sauegarde: then truely by liberalite thou shalt ye soner opteyne hit. For as liberalite getteth and engēdreth defence: so it cōserueth good and honest loue. For if we do that is honest / men wyl loue and kepe vs.
xlv. Be thou (o moste mekest emperoure) to thy subiectes through thy excellent power / terrible: and by thy liberalite and goodnes be thou amiable. Nor yu shuldest nat by to moche fauour / set at light and nothynge regard thy high power: nor yet regarding [Page] to moche thy power / despise fauour. But kepȳg a mean / thou shalt as well shewe louely kyndnes to thy subiectes / as by asperite & sharpnes chastise to great familiarite.
xlvi. Suche thinges as yu by worde dost p̄scribe to thy subiectes / loke by example of pure life thou accōplishe. For if thou do reason / and with reason doste lyue as thou sayest / euery man shall greatly cōmende the.
xlvii. Loue them moste noble emperour / that mekely desyre thy gyftes / more than those / whiche diligētly desire to gyue ye gyftes. For these thou art boūde to thāke / & also to rewarde them: the other truly shal assine god to thāke ye / whiche reputeth to be gyuen to hym / & for his loue / what so euer is gyuen or done for poure men.
xlviii. The vertue of the son is to illuluminate [Page] the worlde / themperours vertue is to be mercyfull / & to helpe poure men. Truly a meke & a merciful prince excedeth ye brightnes of ye son: for ye son gyueth place to ye night but a good vertuous prince suffreth no extorciō / but by ye light of trouthe and iustice / he castiseth iniquite.
xlix. Thy predecessours haue gretly ornated theyr empere / but thou truly by thy humanite & affabilite / nat esteming thy ryal & mighty power / hast moche more greatly ornated it. Wherfore al they yt nede mercy rūne to thy grace / whiche delyuered from theyr pouerte & aduersite / do highly thanke the.
l. Loke how moche thou excellest al other in power & dignite / so moche ye more yu shuldst endeuer the / by noble & vertuous dedes to excelle & shyne [Page] aboue all other. For high power reqreth great honestie. God also wyl require / thou helpe (after thy power) nedefull and honest ꝑsons. Therfore if yu desire to be truly preysed / & to be by god / as it were bi a trōpeter declared a cōqueror: ioyne yu to ye crowne of thy inuincible ēpere / by helping ye poure) ye crowne of euerlasting ioye.
li. Er thou cōmande that right and equite ꝑsuadeth / loke thou wel vpon it. For verily so thou shalt euermore cōmande that right is. Mans tōge is a very slippery instrumēt / ye whiche hath brought many one ī to gret perill & danger. Therfore if yu prefixe to the forsaid instrumēt yt is goodly & honest / hit shall soūde only yt is pleasant / & right to be executed & done.
lii. A prince ī al thinges must be subtile & wise / but namely in iuginge of [Page] great & weighty causes / seldome angry / and nat to be angry without a great cause. But bicause neuer to be angry is nat laudable / an emperour to refrayne the furiousnes of misdoers / and yt men may purge theyr fautes / shall measurably vse his anger.
liii. Loke yu be diligēt to knowe ꝑfetly the maners & cōdicions of thy seruā tes / & of all those / whiche charite enforceth the to loue. And also be yu diligent to knowe those / whiche disceitfully do flatt ye. For oft tymes disceitful louers & flaterers do great hurt.
liiii. Whan so euer thou herest suche cōmunicacion or coūsaile / ye may profite / do nat only here hit / but also folowe it. For truly ye emperours maieste is than ornated / whan he hym selfe cōsidereth / what is necessary to be done: and despiseth nat other mēs [Page] profitable inuecions & coūsayle / and is nat ashamed to lerne / and quickely executeth that he hath lerned.
lv. As a castell / whiche by reason of his strōge walles is inuincible / and setteth light by his ēnemies: so thy empere / wel walled with liberalite & fortified with deuoute prayer / is inuīcible / and by goddis helpe shal triumphe of his aduersares & ēnemes.
lvi. Vse so this inferior kyngdome / that it may be to ye a way to ye kyngdome of heuen. For who so euer gouerneth well this erthly kingdome / is estemed worthy to opteyne celestial ioye and pleasure. He ruletth this worlde rightfully / that charitably loueth his subiectes / and of his subiectes is duely honored & dredde / and whā he procureth / that none occasiō of yll be amonge them.
[Page]lvii. Liberalite & charitable dedes is a ꝑpetual & incorrupt garmēt. Therfore who so euer wyl raygne charitably / must ornate and clothe his soule with suche goodly vesture and apparaile. For who that helpeth ye poure men / shal opteyne ioye euerlastinge.
lviii. Cōsidring that god hath gyuen the / ye imperial sceptre / loke thou endeuer thy selfe vtterly to please him. And bicause he hath preferd ye aboue al other: thou must honor him aboue al other. Truly god estemeth hit the most singularst benefite yt thou canst do hym / to defende his creatures as thy selfe / and liberally to helpe them as bounde therto.
lix. Euery man yt desireth his helthe must call vpon god / but specially the emperour / whiche laboureth for the welth of al men. And he defended by [Page] god / shal as well ouercome his ennemies as defende his subiectes.
lx. God nedeth nothing. An emperor hath onely nede of god. Therfore folow him yt hath no nede / & shew mercy abūdātly to them yt aske it. nat rekening straitly thy expēses of house hold: but rather helpe euery mā yt desireth to liue. For it is better to helpe ye vnworthi for honest mēs sakis thā for ye vice of ye vnworthy to defraude the worthy of that they deserued.
lxi. As yu woldest haue forgyuenes of thy synnes / so forgyue other yt the offēde. God forgyueth them yt forgiue. & where forgiuenes is / there is god.
lxii. A prince yt wold demene hȳ fautlesly / must diligētly take hede / yt his peple be vtuous / & yt he be ashamed to syn / & yt he giue no opē exāple to other to do am [...]s / & yt he absteyne priuatly [Page] lest he offēd opēly. For if subiectis be ashamed to do amys / moche more yeir ruler ought to be ashamed.
lxiii. It is a priuat mās vice to do yll & liue viciously / but a prīce to forget his owne welth & honestie is moche more vicious. For ye abstinēce frō yll dothe nat iustifie mā / but ye doyng of honestie & goodnes. Therfore no mā shulde only absteyne frō yll / but also endeuer him to do iustice.
lxiiii. Deth dredeth neither kyng nor emperor / but egally deuoureth euery mā. Therfore before his fearefull comyng / let vs gether our riches in heuē. For no mā can cary worldly ryches thither / but all left in ertthe / he shal ther naked giue acōpt of his life
lxv. As an ēperor is lorde of al mē / so wt all other he is goddis seruāt. And shall thā be called a lorde / whā he by [Page] vtue of chastite ouercometh his sensual lustis / & with an inuīcible mȳde despiseth the transitory pleasures & ioyes of this worlde.
lxviii. As mās shadow foloweth the body / so syn foloweth ye soule: whiche soule ones seperated frō ye mortal body / shal giue arekening to god of his good & yl dedes. Nor thā is no tyme to deny any thyng. For euery mans dede shal beare witnes / nat bi worde but representinge & openinge euery mans dede / as he dyd hit.
lxix. As a shyp hauing winde at wyl brīgeth ye passagers oft times into ye hauē soner thā they wold a thought so ye swift time of this mortal life passeth away / & we aproche to our ende: Therfore let vs leue to loue worldly thīges / whiche this world estemeth so moche / & let vs studi how to get to [Page] ye port of heuē / where is no wayling / but eternal ioye and pleasure.
lxx. No man bi reason of his dignite shuld be haute & proude / but cōsidering ye substāce of ye fleshe / shulde represse the swelling pride of hart. For though he be made a prince ī erthe / yet he must mȳde / he was engēdred of erthe: & yt frō erthe he asēded to ye seate royal / & frō ye seate roial he shal agayne descēde to vilē erth & ashes.
lxxi. Be neuer careles prince most excellēt. & as they yt go vp a ladder stint nat til they come to ye highest rōge or grice: so yu desiring to haue vtu / shul dest neuer cesse tyl yu cōe to ye kingdōe of heuē. Whiche thing Christe / ye keper and encrecer of all thing (whose name mē shall glorifie & preise etnally) grant the & ye empresse thy wife.