Brentſtreete E. 14. So called of the riuer or brooke called Brent through which it runneth.Brent riuer.

It is to be noted that at this 〈◊〉 ſtreete many yeers ſince dwelled the Brents, among whō 〈…〉 Iohn Brent who died Anno Chriſti 1467. whoſe aunceſtors before him had there, their reſidence,

This Iohn lieth buried at Hendon vnder a marble ſtone, with his picture and the time of his diſceaſe: whereby it ſeemeth that the ſtreete tooke name of the Brentes, and the brooke of the ſtreete, and heereof alſo doth,

Brentforde H. 12. commonly called new Brentford or Brayneforde, or Market Brentforde take name, for that Brent brooke paſſeth through the towne. This Brentford is a market towne, yet no pariſh, but belongeth vnto great Elinge. It is called new Brentford as I take it of the late purchaſe of the market which was in the time of king Edward the ſixt:Brentford why ſo called. for the chappel argueth it of greater antiquity then the other, which hath the name of old Brentford. of the river Brent, which runneth on the weſt part of the towne, and betweene it and Syon entreth into the Thames.

This worde Brent among the countrey people, of thoſe partes, ſignifieth,Brent, the word how the people take the ſignification. and is taken for all brookes, riuers, and currants of water, therefore is euerie ſmall brooke called the Brent among them.

Neere vnto this place Edmond Ironſide, Edm. Ironſides conflict with the Danes. aſſaulted the Danes which he had driuen from the ſiedge of London, and there put manie of them to the ſword, and put the reſidue to flight, about anno Chriſti 1016. the place appeereth by this carracter ✚.

Edmondton or Edelmeton C. 20. In the Church whereof, are ſundry ancient monuments, the moſt of them defaced, among which is a tombe of gray Marble circumſcribed thus.

Hic iacent corpora Thomae Carleton cuiuſdā dni. Thomas Careleton buried. iſtius villae qui obiit 21. die Februar: Anno Do. 1447. & Elizabethae vxo ris eius. filiae Adae Francis militis per quam habuit dominium, whoſe arms are theſe.

There is alſo one Iohn Kirketon Eſquire,Iohn Kirketen buried. whoſe monument is of white free ſtone erected in the ſouth wall of the Church, and ſeemeth as auncient as the Church it ſelfe, but there is no record of the time of his deceaſe, his armes are theſe.

There is a fable of one Peter Fabell that lyeth in the ſame Church alſo,Peter Fabell buried. who is ſaide to haue beguiled the Deuell by pollicie for money, But the Deuell is deceite it ſelfe, and hardly deceiued.

Enfield B. 20. ſometime parcell of the land of the Duke of Lancaster now Queene Elizabeths. The chace called Enfield chace taketh name of this place.

It is called of ſome Enfen and ſo recorded,Enfen. in regarde of the Fenny ſcytuation of ſome part thereof vpon the marſhes or meeriſh ground, which (though now brought to be good meadow and profitable paſture) it hath beene in time paſt fenney: thereof taking the name Enfen or Infen, now Enfielde. But theſe fenney grounds are now on the eaſt, as the chace in the weſt, profitable neighbors not onely vnto Enfield, but to many other poore inhabitants neere.

Harnſey, of ſome Horneſey, D. 20. a pariſh ſtanding neere the Biſhop of Londons woodes or parkes, which of that place heeretofore had and yet retaine the names of Harnſey parkes.

The Church of Harnſey is ſuppoſed to be built with the ſtones that came from the ruines of Lodghill.

Highgate, E. 18. a hill ouer which is a paſſage,Highgate why ſo called. and at the top of the ſame hill is a gare through which all maner paſſengers haue their waie; the place taketh the name of the highgate on the hill, which gate was erected at the alteration of the way, which (as is ſaide before) was on the eaſt of Highgate.

When the way was turned ouer the ſaide hill to leade through the parke of the Biſhop of London as nowe it doth, there was in regard thereof,A tole at Highgate. a tole raiſed vpon ſuch as poſſed that way with carriage. And for that no paſſenger ſhoulde eſcape, without paieng tole by reaſon of the widenes of the waie, this gate was raiſed, through which of neceſſitie all traueilers paſſe. This tole is nowe fermed of the ſaid Biſhop at fortie pound per annum.

At this place is a free ſchole builded of bricke by ſir ROGER CHOLMELEY knight,A free ſchoole. ſometime Lorde chiefe Iuſtice of England about the yeere of Chriſt 1564. The pencion of the maſter is vncertaine: there is no vſher, and the ſchole is in the diſpoſition of ſixe governors or feffees.

Where now the ſchole ſtandeth,An heremitage at Highgate. A Cawſway betweene Highgate and Iſlington. was an Hermytage, and the Hermyte cauſed to be made the cauſway betweene Highgate and Iſlyngton, and the grauell was had from the top of Highgate hill, where now is a ſtanding ponde of water.

There is adioining vnto the ſchole a chapple for the eaſe of that part of the countrey, for that they are within the pariſh of Pancras which is diſtant thence neere two miles.

Vpon this hill is moſt pleaſant dwelling, yet not ſo pleaſant as healthfull, for the expert inhabitants there, report that diuers that haue beene long viſited with ſicknes, not cureable by Phyſicke, haue in ſhort time, repayred their health by that ſweete ſalutarie aire.

** At this place CORNEWALLEYES eſquire,Cornwallis eſquire hath a verie faire houſe from which he may with great delight beholde the ſtately Citie of London, Westminster, Greenewich, the famous river of Thamyſe, and the countrey towardes the ſouth verie farre.

Hamsted, E. 16. ſtandeth vnder a hill, in a verie healthfull ayre, hauing London in verie pleaſant perſpect. In the church thereof lieth M. ARMIGELL WAADE eſquire, in a faire monument of Alablaſter raiſed in the wall of the Chauncell with this inſcription.

Harrow on the hill, E. 10. ſtanding verie high, in a place both pleaſaunt and ftuitefull, and though loftely mounted on a hill, yet in reaſonable ſort watered.

In the ile of the church lieth buried M. WILLIAM GERARD Eſquire & DORATHEY his wife,William Gerrard eſquire buried. who dwelled at Flamberds, ſo called of the Flamberdes, who ſomtime poſſeſſed the ſame, this WILLIAM GERARD deceaſed the 15. Apr. 1583.Flamberds. and they both lie in a tombe of white marble, raiſed in the wall.

Diuers of the Flamberds of Flamberdes a hamlet in Harrow, are interred in the ſame Church, among whom is one IOHN FLAMERDS, on whoſe tombe is thus inſcribed.

Ion me do marmore numinis ordine flam tumulatur.

Barde quoque verbere ſtigis è funere hic tueatur. Iohn Lyons his gift to the erection of a free ſchoole.

There is a ſchoole in Harow, as yet not a free ſchoole, but intented to be, and one IOHN LYONS Gent hath giuen (after his deceaſe to be imployed towards the erection and founding therof,) 300. pound, and 30. pound per ann. for a Maſter, and 10. pound for an Vſher (as it is informed) a preſident good to be followed of the able.

Hellingdon great F. 6.Lorde Strange burted.

In the church lieth buried vnder a tombe couered with a marbell ſtone, the Lord STRANGE whoſe tombe is circūſcribed thus, Sub hac tumba iacet nobilis IOHANNES dominue le STRANGE, Dominus de Knocking, Mahun, Waſſet, Warnell, & Lacy, & Dominus de Colham, vna cum pictura IAGNETTAE quondam vxoris ſuae: quae quidem IAGNETTA, fuit ſoror ELIZABETHAE Reginae Angliae quondam vxoris Regis EDW. 4. qui quidem IOHANNES obiit. 15. die Octobris Anno regni Regis EDW. 4.17. quam quidem tumbam IOHANNA Domina le STRANGE filia & heres predicti IOHANNIS & IAGNETTAE, vnacū pictura IOHANNAE ex ſumptibus ſuis propriis, fieri fecit 1509.

Hounſlow or Hunſlow, H. 10. belongeth vnto two pariſhes, the north ſide of the ſtreete to Heston, and the ſouth to Istlewoorth: But there is a chappell of eaſe, which belonged vnto the fryerie there diſſolued, which friery after the diſſolutiō was by exchange giuen to the Lord Windſore, by King Henry the eight. Afterwardes it came to Auditor Roan by purchace who hath beſtowed the ſame chappell, and 40. ſhillings per annum vpon the inhabitantes to the ende and vpon condition that they by farther contribution ſhall maintaine a miniſter there.

* There is a faire houſe erected where the friery was: belonging to the heires of Auditor Roan.

In the chappell was buried ſir George Windſore knight in a monument of white free ſtone, rayſed with foure pillers.Sir George Windſore buried. In that place lie many other of the Windſores.

Hampton Court K. 12. an honour of Queene ELIZABETHES, a moſt regall pallace ſtately rayſed of bricke after a moſt princely forme, by Cardinall WOVLSEY moſt pleaſantly, ſcytuate vpon delightſome Thamiſe. Queene ELIZABETH hath of late cauſed a very bewtifull fountaine,A fountaine erected at Hampton-court. there to be erected, in the ſecond court which graceth the pallace, and ſerueth to great and neceſſarie vſe, the fountaine was finiſhed in Anno 1590. not without great charge.

It is called Hampton Court of the pariſh of Hampton, Hampton Court why ſo called. which ſtandeth not far thence: and Court commeth of Curia, which was the place where the Senate of Rome aſſembled, and was taken for the Senate it ſelfe, And thereof groweth our word Court, which ſignifieth all aſſemblies either for tryall of controuerſies, or conſulting of matters of ſtate, as alſo it is amongſt vs vſed as an adiunct, to diuers houſes in this land of greateſt antiquitie, as the moſt auncient houſe in a mannor called the Court houſe. But this word Court is hereunto added neither in regard of antiquitie, nor head houſe of a mannor. But in regard of the Maieſtie and Princely bewtie thereof, fit for none but for a King or Queene, whoſe reſidence in any place draweth a Princely aſſembly, which is called the Court, for where hir Maieſty is reſident there is the Court of ſtate. This word Court is a moſt common adiunct to places of antiquitie in Artetia, as alſo in diuers prouinces of France and elſe where as Haplincourt, in Normandy, Bonlayn Court in Champaigne, and Hallcourt neere Amyens.

There are belonging to this princely pallace two parkes, Parkes at Hampton Court. the one of Deare, the other of hares, both inuironed with wals of bricke, the ſouth ſide of the Deare parke, excepted, which is paled and inuironed with the Thamiſe.

London, F. 20. the moſt famous Citie in all Brytaine, which Eraſmus vpon the Proverbe Rhodii ſacrificium, ſaith, is deducted of Lindus a citie of the Ile of Rhodes, Stephanus calleth it Lyndonium, the Saxons Londenscaster, Londenbiryg Londenƿyc, Ptolomey, Cornelius Tacitus, and Antonius, Londiniu, and Longidinium, Amianus Londinum: the Welchmen Lundayne, we call it London: Ieffrey of Monmouth, Troia nova, or Ternouantum Newe Troy; ſome call it Luddes-Towne of Ludde the eldeſt ſonne of Helie: Leland taketh it to be Trenouans, new Towne, for that in the britiſh toong Tre ſignifieth a towne: M. Camden ſeemeth, in ſome ſort, to yeelde that it ſhould be called London of the Britiſh word Lhwn, which ſignifieth a woode, or elſe he will haue it London or Londinum of the Britiſh word Lhong, which ſignifieth ſhips or ſhipping, in regarde that our Thamis yeeldeth ſuch apt acceſſe for ſhips euen to the citie.

There is great varietie among writers, who firſt founded this Citie: Some will haue Brute the Troian to be firſt builder of it, but Brute, and his hiſtorie, is meerely reiected of manie in our daies. It was reedefied by Lud, in the yeere of the worlds creation 5131.Bale. who builded the wals about it, and erected Ludgate, who alſo changed the name of Trenouant into Luddeſtowne, now London, for which alteration of Troye to Luddestowne, Gildas. Galfrid. Monuni. ponticus Brit. hist. lib. 1. great contention aroſe among the Britons, as reporteth Gildas and others. But our late writers will not conſent heereunto: Inſomuch as this famous Citie lacketh the truth of it foundation, as many other famous monuments alſo do. But it nowe reteineth the name of London, famous through the whole worlde. A Citie of great Marchandize, populous, rich, and beautifull;

This Citie was burned and greatly waſted by the hoſt of the pagan Danes, in the time of king Alphred, Greg. in past. London burned. as reporteth Gregory in his Paſtorale about the yeere of Chriſt 872.London reedefied. This Alphred about the yeere 886. in the 35. yeere of his natiuitie reedefied this Citie, beautifieng the ſame with faire buildings, and committed the cuſtody thereof to Alphred Earle of Mercia, Fabyan. as the ſame Gregorie reporteth.

A great part of London was againe burned about the yeere of Chriſt 981. At what time it had moſt buildings, from Ludgate towards Westminſter, and little, where the heart of the Citie nowe is, but buildings ſcattered heere and there out of forme and order: So that it ſeemed inferior to diuers other Cities of this land, as Lincolne, Canterbury, Yorke and others, as by the role of Wincheſter appeereth. But after the conqueſt it was reedefied, and by the conquerour greatly increaſed, So that by degrees it is become a moſt ample and ſtately Citie, far excelling all other in this land.

This Citie was (before the conqueſt) made by William Duke of Normandy) gouerned by Portreeues, called of the Saxons portgerefas whom the Germans call Burgreues, The gouernement of London. which gouernement Richard the firſt altered, and appoimed two baylifes. Who in the time of King Iohn and by his command were diſcharged, for a time, by 35. elders or heads of the Citie, for a contempt againſt the King. But they were not long in diſgrace, but through their ſubmiſſion and the diſcreete handling of the matter by theſe 35. heads or elders of the Citie, the King not onely forgaue the baylifes, but granted vnto the Citie by his letters pattents, that they ſhould yeerely chooſe vnto the mſelues, a Ma yor which vſually is of one of the 12. companies, mentioned in the Map of the Citie, and two Shirifes who haue beene accuſtomed to take their oth vpon Saint Mathewes day, nine daies befor Michelmas, and vpon Michelmas day to take their charge, but it is now otherwiſe. The firſt Mayor was choſen in the tenth yeere of King Iohn, The first Mayor of Lodnon. Anno 1209. Euery May or was wont to be preſented to the King whereſoeuer he was in England, vntill Henrie the thirds time, about Anno 1242. and before the King to be ſworne; after that it was referred to the Barons of the Exchequere, and ſo continueth to this day. Sir Iohn Allin knight, twice Mayor of London gaue a coller of gold to be ſucceſſiuely worne by the Mayor Anno 1544. In the time of H. 3. alſo the Aldermen of the Citie were or deined,Alcermen of London. who tooke rule of the particuler wardes thereof, 25. in number, and theſe Aldermen were yeerely changed as are the Shirifes, but now it is otherwiſe, which wardes and the pariſhes in them are theſe.

Other Churches there are within this Citie not mentioned in the wardes, nor vſed as pariſh Churches: whereof the firſt is Paules, Paules buylded. a moſt ſtately temple, builded by Ethelbert king of Kent, anno, 610. who conſecrated the ſame vnto S. Paule. It was afterward augmented by Mauricius biſhop of London, anno 1107. Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne, builded the ſouth croſſe Ile, & was there buried anno 1310. It is a Cathedrall Chruch the biſhops Sea of London; ſometime the archbiſhops Sea, but remooued thence to Caunterburie, by the meanes of S. Augustine, at the requeſt of the Citizens of Caunterbury. Paules ſteeple. In the middell of this famous temple, is a Tower moſt artificially raiſed vpon ſtrong pillers, verie admirable to be conſidered, for that the foundation of the ſame maine Tower can not be deſerned in the bodie of the Church, and yet aſcendeth in great altitude, as it were in the center of the church, not (without curious view) to be ſeene, howe it is ſupported: vpon this Tower was raiſed a Piramis or (as we cōmonly terme it) as Steeple, couered with lead, which is ſaide to haue beene in altitude equall with the church in longitude, the height therof is recorded to be 534. foote from the ground: which ſtately piramis or ſteeple was thrice conſumed with fire: Paules ſteeple burned three times. firſt in the yeere of Chriſt 1087. which was not long after newlie erected: and burned againe anno 1444. after that raiſed and againe conſumed with fire, by vnknowne meanes (the iudgement of God inkindling it) in the yeere of Chriſt 1561. to the terror of the whole Citie: remaining as yet wihtout that ſtately ornament.

There lieth buried Sebba king of the eaſt Saxons who died anno domini 633. in a coffin of marble with couer of the ſame, his armes theſe.

There alſo lieth buried Etheldred king of England, King Etheldred burted. the ſonne of Edgar who died anno domini 1017. in a coffin of marble with couer of the ſame.

There lieth alſo Iohn ſurnamed Plantaginet in a ſtately monument,10. Plantaginet buried. artificially raiſed of white free ſtone, whoſe ſtile is thus there recorded.

Illustriſſimus iacet hic, Iohannes cognomento Plantaginet, Rex Caſtiliae, & Legionis, Dux Lancaſtrie, Comes Richmondiae Leceſtriae, Lincolnie & Derbiae, locum tenens Aquitaniae, magnus Seneſcallus Angliae obiit anno 22. Ric. 2. Annoque Domini 1399.

Alſo there was a Church at the Crotched fryars now conuerted to other vſe.

A Church at Auguſtine friars founded by Humfrey Bohune E. of H •• tford,1253.

A Church called Tho. of Acris neer the great conduct in Cheape founded by Thomas fitz-Theobald in the time of H. 2. who gaue the ſame Church to the Mercers for a peece of money,Rec. E. 3. Anno 19. at the ſuite of ſir Richard Greſham knight, and is now vſed for the Mercers hall.

The Temple within Temple barre, The Temple. whoſe founder is not certainely recorded, yet ſome hold it to be that which was called Templum pacis or Concordiae, builded by Dunwallo Mulmutius, about the yeer of the worldes creation 4748. and therein was buried the ſame Mulmutius and alſo Gorbomanus and others.Galfr. Mon. But ſome take the Temple of peace to be that which is now Blackwell-hall. There are in this Temple, many very auncient monuments of famous men, ſhaped in Marble armed, their legges croſſe, whoſe names are not to be gathered, by any inſcription, for that, time hath worne it out. The form of this Temple, in the weſt, is made circuler, loftely raiſed with Marble pillers, ſet alſo circule • ly, ſo that it ſerueth, the ſtudents of the houſe for a walke moſt neceſſarie, & that, for a multitude without diſturbance of one by the other, by reuerting. Some ſay it was founded by the kings templers which were in England about the yeere of Chriſt 1185. but it ſeemeth that this Temple is farre more auncient.

There was annexed vnto the Stilliarde an auncient Church called the Temple alſo, and after the diſſolution thereof,A temple neere the Stilliarde. it was giuen to the ſtudents of the Law, bearing the name of White hall, White hall. which belike in regard of the diſtance from the other houſes of Law, it was at the length neglected and forſaken, which houſe ſeemeth to be of the number of the houſes of Chauncery, in the time of Henry the ſixt, when Maſter Forteſcue compiled his booke of the Lawes of England, wherein he affirmeth that there were in, and neere London, ten Innes of Chauncery, now but eight, in which number of ten, was accompted this White hall, & the Strand Inne, which ſtood within the compaſſe of Somerſet houſe neere the Strand.

The Stilliarde (called of the Gothes the Haunſe) ſignifieth a place of meeting of the people, Stilliarde why ſo called. and eſpecially the Marchants of many Countries, and Cities: as of England, France, Denmarke, Muſcouie, Brabant, Flaunders, and many other, where they enterchanged Marchandize by the ſundry priueleges and freedomes of many Kings, Dukes, and Princes, which of late yeeres hath by little and little diſcontinued. It is not againſt reaſon, to thinke that theſe auncient Temples were erected by the Pagans wherein they offered ſacrifices to their countrey gods.Galfr. Mon. For it appeareth by the hiſtorie of Ieffery of Monmoth that while C. Alectus Captaine of the Romaine hoſt, was thus buſied in his Pagan ſacrifice M. Aur. Aſclepiodotus duke of Cornewall whom the Britons had elected to be their King, came to London, and beſieged, and entred it; betweene whom was a hard conflict and Asclepiodotus vanquiſhed the Romanes and after beſet Gallus another Captaine of the Romanes who remained in the citie, and ouercame him, who with his Romanes being put to the ſworde the chiefe Captaine Gallus was caſt into a brooke, which then, and long ſince, ran through the Citie, whereof it is ſuppoſed to be called of the auncient Britons, Walbrooke. Nantgall of the Saxons galenbourne, and of vs at this day Wallbrooke, which runneth neere London ſtone which ſtone is neere in the mid way betweene Ludd gate and the Tower poſterne gate.

There are about this Citie 11. Gates of name, whereof foure are towardes the north, as Alderſgate ſuppoſed to be ſo called of the Alders which grew there, and ſome holde it to take name of Aldricius the Saxon, it may be ſo called of the antiquitie thereof, Aldestgate in the comparatiue degree as Aldgate, Newgate, in the poſitiue. Creplegat, So called for that it was the houſe for halt and lame, a hoſpitall for creeples and impotent people, it hath beene of late reedified by Edmond Thaa in the yeere of Chriſt 1490. Moregate ſo called for that it was the paſſage into a mooriſh, meriſh, or watrie ground, which is called Moore fielde, though now brought to be more firme, by the induſtry and charge of a Mayor of London about 180. yeeres paſt. Buſhopes gate builded by certaine Marchantes which traueled into Germaine belonging to the olde Haunce: But it ſeemeth by the adiunct that it ſhould be builded by a Buſhop.

There are vpon the Thamis three gates, though two of them ſeeme rather portes or hauens for ſhipes and boates then gates for paſſage, onely the Bridge gate is a thorough fare, or paſſage by horſe and foote, but Billingſgate is a harbor or kaye for ſhipping, yet hath the name of a gate, for that it was erected firſt like a gate,Galfr. Mon. by Bellinus, and of him called Bellines gate, in the top whereof he cauſed to be erected a Pyramis and on the top of it a veſſell of ſtone, wherein he appointed the aſhes of his brent body to be put after his death. There is alſo Dowgate or Dourgate that is Watergate

On the eaſt is one gate called Aldegate, ſo called of the antiquitie thereof, as M. Camden and others ſuppoſe.

On the weſt are two gates Luddgate or Luddeſgate, of LVDD the ſuppoſed founder, who is ſaide to lie interredin the Church of S. Martins within the gate.Anno ante Chriſtum 66. This gate was of late yeeres newly builded and made a moſt ſtately gate about the yeere of Chriſt, 1586. to the great charge of the Citie.Galfr. Mon. Ieffrey of Monmouth reporteth, that the image of CADWALLO was in braſſe artificially fixed on a braſen horſe, ſet on the toppe of this gate,Cadwallo buried in token of a victorie had againſt the Saxom: whoſe body was alſo buried in S. Martynes church within the gate.

There was betweene London and Southwarke long time paſſage by ferrie vntill the Citizens cauſed a bridge of woode to be erected:Lonlon bridge. after that, in the time of R 1 c. 2. anno 1176. they beganne to build a bridge of ſtone, which in the time of king IOHN they moſt artificially finiſhed, anno 1209. contriuing it of 20. at ches, and in the midſt a drawe bridge, and vppon the ſame bridge on either ſide, the houſes ſo artificially combined, that the whole bridge ſeemeth not onely a mayne and faire ſtreete, but men ſeeme to paſſe vnder a continuall roofe; the bridge is in height 60. foote, in bredth 30. foote, the arches are in ſunder 20. foote, there are vnder the north arch of this bridge, moſt artificially erected certain wheeles or tide myles, which riſe and fall according to the ebs & flouds, and they raiſe the water by pypes and counductes ſo high that it ſerueth ſuch citizens houſes in all places of London, as will beſtow charge towarde the conducting thereof: The buildings vppon this bridge, on either ſide were conſumed with fire Anno 1208.Pollid. Virg.

There is neere the three Cranes, a Church called now S. Michaels, ſometime Whittingdon Colledge founded by ſir Whittingdon, ſometime Mayor of London.

There was in that place which is nowe knowne by the name of Blacke-fryers, an auncient and ſtrong caſtle, which was called Palatyne, burned in the time of WILLIAM the Conquerour: in the place of which caſtle are at this day erected many faire & beautifull buildings, and here and there the auncient wals and buildings as yet appeare.

On the eaſt part of the Citie, is a moſt famous and ſtrong Caſtle, called the Tower of London, the maine tower whereof, ſome ſuppoſe to be builded by IVLIVS CAESAR. It is ſtrong and ample, well walled and trenched about, beautified with ſundrie builddings, ſemblable to a little towne.

There is in Cornehill a moſt famous monument, ſtately erected by ſir thomas Greſham knight, who named it the Burſe, The Royall Exchange. whereunto afterwarde Queene ELIZABETH gaue the name of Royall exchange; It is the place of the place of the publike meeting of Marchaunts, aſwell Engliſh as foraine, wherunto twice euery day they dulie reſort, the form of the building is quadrate, with walks round the mayne building ſupported with pillers of marble, ouer which walkes is a place for the ſale of all kinde of wares, richly ſtored with varietie of all ſorts. It was builded about the yeere 1568.

Leadenhall neere Cornhill was builded by one Sunken Eyre, Leaden hall. about anno 1444. a place of prouiſion, or ſtore houſe for releefe for the poore in time of dearth.

Manie things might be ſpoken of this famous Citie which would too far exceede my purpoſe. The Longitude and Latitude of London. It hath latitude 52. degrees, & longitude 19. degrees 15. minuts. It is moſt ſweetely ſeituate vpon the Thamis, ſerued with all kinde of neceſſaries moſt commodiouſſie. The aire healthfull, it is populous, rich and beautifull, be it alſo faithfull, louing and thankfull.

Lodghill D. 16. a hill or fort in Harneſey or Horneſey parke, and is called Lodghill, Lodghill ſometime a fors. for that thereon ſometime ſtoode a lodge, when the parke was repleniſhed with Deare, but it ſeemeth by the foundation that it was rather a caſtle, then a lodge, for the hill is at this day trenched with two deepe ditches, now olde and ouergrowne with buſhes: the rubble thereof, as bricke, tile, and Corniſh ſlate, are in heapes yet to be ſeene, which ruines are of great antiquity, as may appeere by the okes, at this day ſtanding (aboue 100. yeeres grouth,) vpon the very foundation of the building. It did belong to the biſhop of London, at which place haue beene dated diuers cuidences, ſome of which remaine yet in the biſhops regeſtrie (as is ſaid.)

This parke hath beene repleniſhed with ſtately timber trees in great aboundance, now with the famous fort fallen to the ground as the Poet ſaith, Euum cuncta rapit furtiuáque temporamutant. Naturam, fortem, Nominaque & faciem.

Syon. H. 12. was built by HENRIE the 5. ſometimes a houſe of munkes,Syon builded. but this king expelled them, and int heir place eſtabliſhed certaine virgins of Bridgets order; and appointed of them ſo many with prieſts and lay brethren, as were equall with the number of the Apoſtles and Diſciples of Chriſt, namelie of virgines 60. prieſts 13. deanes, 4. lay brethren 8. which made 13. Apoſtles, and 72. Diſciples of Chriſt, vpon whome hauing beſtowed ſufficient reuenues for their maintenaunce, he made a lawe that they ſhould not accept of any other gift, but content themſelues with his contribution: and to beſtow on the poore whatſoeuer was aboue that which might reaſonably ſuffice them.

It is now a houſe of hir Maieſties, ſtanding moſt pleaſantly vpon the riuer of Thamys. It was called Syon in remembrance of that hill in Ieruſalem, which was called the Holy hill, the mount of the Lord, the Citie of Dauid, Mouns Syon.

Stepney, or Stybenhyth, Sir Henry Collet knight buried or Stibonbeath, F. 22. In the church thereof is buried ſir Henry Collet knight, twice Mayor of London, who was father to Iohn Collet, ſometime Deane of Paules, who alone builded Paules ſchoole, his armes theſe.

There lyeth alſo the Lady Anne Wentworth wife to Thomas Lord Wentworth, Stepney. Lady Wentworth buried. and daughter to Henry Wentworth Eſquier. She died the ſecond of Sept. 1571.

Sir Thomas Spers knight ſometime Controler of the ſhipes to H. 8. Dame Margery, Sir Thomas Spert knight buried. Dame Anne, and Dame Mary his wiues, lie in the Chauncell there, he deceaſed Anno 1541.

In the north Ile of the ſame Church lyeth William Chaldnam eſquire,William Chaldnam Eſquire buried. and Ioan his wife he died the 27. of Sept. Anno 1484.

Stanes towne, I. 6. it is called in the Saxon toong. Stana. It ſtandeth vpon the Thamis, A market towne kept on the Friday weekly, it is gouerned by two Cunſtables and foure Headborrowes: the towne is hir Maieſties lande, and the officers choſen by hir Highnes Steward. It ſtand eth from the church halfe a mile, and the Church ſtandeth vppon a little hill by it ſelfe, at if it were baniſhed the towne.

Some affirme it to be called Stanes of the Stakes called Coway Stakes, Coway ſtakes. which were fixed in the Thamys by the Brytons, to preuent Iulius Caeſar, of paſſing his armie through the riuer. There is a towne called Stanes vpon the frontires of Italie in Tyroll, vpon the riuer Inn. Bunn meadow. There is a medow neere Stanes called Bunn meadow, where king IOHN had parley with his barons, and where were ſealed betweene them certeyne writings of truce.

Sunburye K. 10. Nicaſius Yetſworth eſquire,Nicaſius Yetſworth buried. ſometime ſecretarie of the French tounge to Queene ELIZABETH: And marie his wife, daughter to Ieames Bowſer eſquire, lie buried in the ſame church.

There was alſo buried Daniell Rogers Eſquire ſometime Clerke of the Counſell to Queene ELIZABETH a man of excellent learning,Daniel Rogers buried. and knowledge of toongs, and often imploid in Ambaſſage into Germainie, Denmarke, Low Countries, &c.

Tottenham or Totheham D. 20. In which Church is buried George Heningham eſquire ſometime ſeruant, & greatly fauored of K. Henrie the eight he founded there a little hoſpitall or almeſhouſe for three poore widowes.

* At this place the Lord Compton hath a proper ancient houſe.

Westminster G. 18. Sometime called Thorney of the Saxons ðorney of ſome Dorney but (as I take it) D. is pronounced in ſteede of Th. as it is in many other ancient Saxon words,Dorney for Thorney. as Fader, Moder, Broder, for Father, Mother, Brother, which error ariſeth belike of the miſtaking of the capitall D. abreauiated thus Ð. which is as much as Th. and the little d. thus abreuiated ð. for Th. which abreuiations are often taken for the ſimple D. and d. by reaſon whereof it was called Dorney for Ðorney.

This Thorney now Weſtminſter was an Iſland inuironed with the Thamis, which deuided it ſelfe, and one braunch paſſed betweene Charing croſſe and Kings-ſtreete, throrowgh S. Ieames parke that now is, Thorney ſometime an Iſland. including Tootehill, and was called Thorney Iſland, for that it was ouergrowen with bryers and thornes; which Thorney place was in the time of King LVCIVS (as Authors affirme) clenſed, about the yeere 186. which LVCIVS is ſaide to lay the firſt foundation of the great Temple of S. Peters. S. Peters founded. But Authors greatly vary touching the founders of the ſame Temple. Maſter Camden from Sulcardus reporteth that there was firſt a Temple in that place, dedicate to Apollo, which was ouerthrowne by an earth quake in the time of Antonius Pius. Galfr. Mon. It is not vnlike that ſuch an Idol Temple was, for it is reported by auncient Authors, that the Troynouantes, or Trinobantes, did ſomtime ſacrifice Buls, Bullockes, Stags, and ſuch like to Diana Tauropolia whom the Gentiles called the Queene of Heauen. Of the ruynes of that Idoll Temple, It is ſaid that SEBERTVS King of the eaſt Saxons erected another Temple for the ſeruice of the liuing God, and conſecrated the ſame to S. Peter, about the yeere of Chriſt 610. neere about the time of the building of Paules. Afterwardes it was deſtroyed by the Danes, Math. Weſtm. and Dunstan Buſhop of London, reedified it about the yeere of Chriſt 960. and made there a monaſterie for 12. Munckes. Fabian ſaith it was builded by the means of ETHELBERT King of Kent, who alſo built Paules in London.

I haue heard that there are, or haue beene, records int he ſame Abbey, which declare that it was a Church before the Britons receiued the faith, of Chriſt, which ſhould ſeeme to be that Idoll Church of Apollo before LVCIVS time.

After Thorney, it became to be called Westminster, and that in regard of the ſcytuation of it weſt of London: for on the Tower hill was a monaſterie called Eastminster, Eaſtminſter. of the eaſterly ſtanding thereof, which was called alſo New abbey, founded by EDW. 3. in the yeee 1359.

There are within this temple, diuers, and ſundrie, moſt rare and princely monuments: ſome of great antiquitie, ſome alſo of later times, increaſing dailie,Edward confeſſor buried. among the reſt there lieth EDWARD called alſo the Confeſſor, who laboured before in this famous worke, and cauſed his corps to be interred in the weſt part of the Church, which when HEN. 3. had altred, he cauſed the body of EDW. to be remooued, to the place where now it reſteth, in the eaſt part of the Church.

Alſo there lieth HEN. 3. Henry the third buried. Tho. Walſing. the finiſher of this moſt famous worke, whoſe tombe is there in moſt kingly manner erected, by the dutifull endeuour and charge of EDW. 1. ſonne of the ſaid HEN. 3. and for that purpoſe, he brought Iaſper ſtones out of Fraunce, wherewith he beautified his fathers ſumptuous ſepulchre in anno 1280.

Manie other Kings and Queenes, and perſons of high ſtate, haue beene there buried, of whome the whole catalogue to reſite would be tedious.

There is in this temple a ſtone, in forme of a chaire,A ſtone chayre in S. Peters Church ſometime ſeruing, as the throne of the kings of Scots, and wherein they were crowned, which ſtone was brought out of Scone in Scotland by EDW. 1. ſonne to HEN. 3. about anno 1297. which ſtandeth not far from his fathers monument, had in no little price at this day.

There is adioining vnto this famous temple,A chappell of H. 7. in the eaſt ende thereof, a chappell erected by HEN. 7. which in regarde of the beautie, and curious contriued worke thereof, is called of Lelande, Orbis miraculum: The wonder of the worlde. In this mirrour of art,Orbis miraculum. and archytect, are many rare and glorious monuments of Kings and Queenes,H. 7. buried. among whom the famous founder HEN. 7. lieth vnder a moſt regall tombe, framed & artificially formed of bras, richly guilded with pure gold.

Neere this chappell adioining vnto the Thamys, was an olde famous building,Olde pallace. called nowe the Olde pallace, which was conſumed with fire, in the time of EDW. the Confeſſor.

It was ſometime the pallace of king CANVTVS the Dane, Olde pallace king Canutus houſe. alſo king of Denmarke, and where he made his abode about the yeere of Chriſt, 1035. after his returne from Rome into Englande, who in regard of his quadruplicitie of kingdomes, eſteemed himſelfe, more than a man mortall: for his Scicophants had ſo bewitched him with their inchaunted flatteries, that he deemed himſelfe no leſſe then a God.The pride of Cauntus. And in this proud conceit on a day he paſſed by the Thamys, which ran by that pallace, at the flowing of the tide, & making ſtaie neere the water, the waues caſt foorth ſome part of the water towards him, this CANVTVS coniured the waues by his regall commaunde to proceede no farther: the Thamys vnacquainted with this newe God, held on it courſe, flowing as of cuſtome it vſed to do, and refrained not to aſſayle him neere to the knees: whereat this high conceited man as one amazed, begon to tremble, ſtarting backe proteſting that hee was but a man, though a mightie king. And that he that gouerned thoſe waters, was onely worthie to be called a king, and all mortall men, moſt mightie kings, ought to ſubiect them vnto him. A woorthie note whereby is ſeene howe the almightie Iehouah by his weake creatures, maketh to ſtoope the moſt puiſſant in his owne conceite. Some part of this old pallace is yet ſtanding, as S. Stephens chappel, and other buildings vpon the Thamys, neere vnto which is a moſt famous hall, called Westminſter hall, which was ſo called for that it was Aularegis, a kings court, but as touching the founder is great varietie.

Some affirme that WILLIAM RVFVS builded it:E. S. de. reb. Br. but M. Camden affirmeth that Hoc quod nunc habemus pretorim RIC. 2. diruto vetustiori extruxit ſuaeque habitationi dicauit. RIC. 2. built it and made it his manſion houſe. But me thinks it is to be gathered by the words of Thomas Walſingham, Tho. Walſ. hist. Aug. that Westminster hall was in the time of EDW. the 2. where he ſaith, Si ipſi Barones cum ſuis aſſentatoribus in aula Westmonasterii & pleno parliamento venirent &c. whereby it appeereth that Westminster hall and the place of parlament there, was 64. yeeres before RIC. 2. But ſome may ſay, that the great Hall that nowe is, Tho. Walſ. Ypodigni. New. pag. 49. was not in thoſe daies, but the Hall that is nowe called White hall, where the Court of of Requests is now kept. To anſwere that the ſame Thomas ſaith, Rex E. 1. Celebrauit penticoſtes in aula magna apud Westmonasterium, whereby he maketh a diſtinction betweene thoſe two hals, for the White hall was called alſo Aula parva, the little hall: which two hals and other buildings thereunto adioining, were vſed by RIC. the 2. who cauſed all controuerſies there to be heard, (who as all other kings) in thoſe daies ſat in iudgemēt: Kings ſat in Court to heare and determine cauſes. & wherſoeuer the king was in perſon, there was the place of hearing, and determining cauſes: ſauing that the common plees were by HEN. 3. appointed to be heard in a place certaine, as appeereth in magna Charta, where it is ſaide, Communia placita non ſequntur Curiam nostram. Sed teneantur in aliquo loco certo. But at this day all cauſes of whatſoeuer nature, for the moſt part are heard and determinable, at this place as a place certeine.S. Stephens chappelli

Betweene Westminster hall, and the Thamys is a chapple of S. Stephens: ſometime verie beautifull, though now in the outwarde ſhewe ſomething defaced: It was reedefied and augmented by EDW. 3. when he came victor out of Fraunce, about the yeere of Chriſt 1347.

Westminster had ſometime a houſe of monkes, who were remooued thence by HEN. 7. and a Deane with certaine Prebends eſtabliſhed. Weſtminſter a Buſhops ſea.

In the time of EDWARD 6. it was made a biſhops See, but ſhortlie after it came againe to a Deane and Prebends; Againe Queene MARIE ordeined there an Abbot and his munkes, who continued not manie yeeres, but were againe cut off by acte of Parleament: Laſtly our moſt gratious Queene ELIZABETH made it a collegiate Church: inſtituting a Deane, twelue Prebends, twelue well deſeruing ſoldiers, and fortie ſchollers: who are thereby termed The Queenes ſchollers, who, as they become woorthie, are preferred to the Vniuerſities. All which pupils, as long as they continue in this colledge, are vnder the Deane, now D. Goodman. Alex. Neuell. Norwic.

Alexander Neuell Norwic. affirmeth that the Biſhops of Caunterburie, in the time of RIC. the 1. did make their moſt abode at Westminster, as they do nowe at Lambeth, or Lomehith, and had ouer againſt the ſchoole that nowe is, a ſtately houſe:Lelande. yet Lelande affirmeth the contrary, who ſaith, that the Biſhops of Caunterburie haue continued at Lambeth ſince the Normanes comming into this land.

There is an auncient monument within the libertie of Westminster, Charing croſſe. called Charing croſſe, erected about the yeere of Chriſt,Tho. Walſ.1290. by EDW. 1. in memoriall of the death of Elineor his Queene, who died at Hardlie neere Lincolne, & was buried in Weſtminſter.

The libertie of Westminster extendeth to Temple bar: Temple bar. ſo calcalled of the Temple within the ſame bar, and is called the bar for that it ſtoppeth and barreth the Mayor of London, as alſo the Magiſtrates of Westminster, that neither intrude vpon other. This bar or gate was throwne downe by the Kentiſh rebels, in the time of RIC. 2.

Within the libertie of Westminster are fower pariſh Churches,Pariſh Churches in the libertie of Weſtminſter. beſides S. Peters, namelie,

S. Margarets

S. Martynes neere Charing croſſe.

The Sauoy Church.

S. Clements, called Saint Clements Dacorum, or Saint Clements Danes.

In the time of ſuperſtition there was in Westminster, a place called the Sanctuary, The Sanctuary. of an old Moſaical ryte, vſed among the Iſraelites, among whom euery tribe had certaine cities, and places of refuge, to which malefactors might repaire, and for a time be protected from the rigor of the law.

There was at Westminster kept a ſtaple of wooll,The Woulſtaple. and is at this daie, called the Woolstaple, eſtabliſhed in the time of EDWARD the 3.

The Sauoye was firſt built (as M. Stowe hath recorde) by Peter Earle of Sauoy, The Sauoy. who was after made Earle of Richmonde, by HENRIE the 3. who called it the Sauoy after his Countrie. But Poll. Virg. Pollid. Virg. alloweth him not Earle of Sauoy, but calleth him Petrus ſebaudienſis: Peter a Sauoyan, or of the countrie of Sauoy, who as the ſame Poll. affirmeth, buylt the ſame, and called it the Sauoy, of his natiue Countrey Sauoye. It was belonging vnto the Duke of Lancaſter, in the time of RIC. the 2. in whoſe time it was waſted, burned, and ſpoyled by the Kentiſh rebels, about the yere 1381. It was reedefied by HEN. 7. by whoſe laſt will, it was intended to be finiſhed, and made an Hoſpitall, for the reliefe of a 100. poore people, which was perfourmed by the moſt famous HEN. the 8. his ſonne, and ſufficiently furniſhed with lande, and reuenues, for the maintenance thereof.

Queene ELIZABETH hath within the precincts of this Citie three faire and pleaſant pallaces:Howſes of Queene Elizabeths within Weſtminſter. namely White hall, begun by Cardinall Woolſey, and finiſhed, with manie moſt princely delights, by HEN. 8. S. Ieames, erected by the ſame king HEN. 8. and Somerſet houſe builded by the Duke of Somerſet about the yeere of Chriſt 1549.

There are other houſes worthy to be remembred within this libertie of Westminster as Burghley houſe, Burgley houſe. founded and erected by the right honorable S. William Cycell knight, Lord Burghley, Lord high treaſoror of England.

Durham or Dunelme houſe ſometime belonging to the Biſhop of Durham, Durham houſe builded. it was builded by one Anthony Becke in the time of RICHARD the third. Other famous houſes of nobility are in this precinct, which to mention I omit for breuitie.

This Citie of Westminſter is knowne to haue no generall trade whereby releefe might be adminiſtred vnto the common ſort, as by Marchandize, clothing, or ſuch like, whereby the common wealth of a Citie is maineteined, and the inferiour people ſet to worke, had they not therefore ſome other meanes, the common ſort could nor be ſuſteined.The chiefe meane whereby Weſtminſter is releeued.

The firſt and principall meane whereby they are releeued, is hir Maieſties reſidence at White hall, or S. Ieames, whence if hir grace be long abſent, the poore people forthwith complaine of penury and want, of a hard and miſerable world. And therefore doe the people in manner generally ſeeme to power forth dayly petitions, that it might pleaſe God to draw hir Maieſtie to be reſident at one of theſe places, whereat they reioyce and fare long the better. The like deſire of hir Royall preſence haue other places, where hir Maieſties Pallaces are placed. And hir Maieſtie in gracious conſideration of their eſtates, doth viſit them as it were Alternis vicebus, by turne at hir highnes pleaſure, more for the comfort and releefe of the poore people, then for hir owne priuate delight. Therefore yee Citizens of Westminster, and other, whatſoeuer, forget not to be thankefull to the the Almightie for hir Royall preſence, hartely praying the King of Kings, to maintaine hir a proſpering Queene long and many yeeres, and euery faithfull hart will ioyne with you, hauing alſo the benefite of hir bleſſed inclination.

The ſeconde meane whereby this poore Citie is maintained,The ſecond meane, the Tearmes. and the people releeued, is by the fower Termes in the yeere, for it hath pleaſed God to eſtabliſh there, the place where Iuſtice, lawe, and euerie mans right is (God graunt it) with equall ballance, indifferently adminiſtred: whereunto great multitudes of people, vſually flocke, whoſe reſort although the Citie enioie but in the forenoone, yet yeeldeth their preſence, manie pence to the poore towne.

There was in the time of EDW. 1. a diſcontinuance of the lawe,The hearing of cauſes remooued to Yorke. in this Citie, and was thence remooued to Yorke, where it continued, ſeauen yeeres after reduced to the former place. It hath beene often diſcontinued by the disfauour of Princes, and their conceiued diſpleaſure againſt the inhabitants of the place, for diſobedience, as a generall puniſhment. Receiue this ye inhabitants of Westminster, as a neceſſarie premonition, that ye reſt carefull and vigilant, leaſt the king of kings mooue her Maieſtie to place the determination of cauſes elſe where, which now is vnto you no ſmall ſupport.

The third and laſt meane (though it come ſeldome) is that great and generall convencion of all the eſtates of this lande,The third mean, the Parliament. the high Court of Parleament, which draweth vnto it a great acceſſe of noble perſons, and others, to the place of aſſemblie, which is alſo ſet moſt gratiouſly within this Citie, which yeeldeth no ſmall releefe vnto the ſame, which alſo (as is recorded in hiſtories) hath beene holden at diuers other places in this land.

It is not yet forgotten,The tearme remooued to Hertford. no doubt, how the God offended, viſited not onely this Citie, but alſo London, with a dangerous late infection, inſomuch as the laſt Michaelmas Terme was remooued to Hertforde caſtle, which pinched the poore, and made the rich to complaine, in both theſe Cities: yet a more gentle forewarning of his diſpleaſure he cannot ſhew, who longing for new obedience in vs, calleth vs by diuers meanes, and without ſpeedie and harty repentance we ſhall likewiſe periſh.