A relation of Maryland together, vvith a map of the countrey, the conditions of plantation, his Majesties charter to the Lord Baltemore, translated into English.

A relation of Maryland together, vvith a map of the countrey, the conditions of plantation, his Majesties charter to the Lord Baltemore, translated into English.

Table of contents

Title page

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CHAP. I.

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CHAP. II.

CHAP. III.

CHAP. IIII.

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CHAP. V.

CHAP. VI.

I.

II.

III.

IIII.

V.

CHAP. VII.

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In Victualls.

In Apparrell.

In Bedding.

In Armes.

In Tooles.

Houshold Implements.

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Provision for Ship-board.

Provision for trade in Ʋirginia, or Maryland.

Provision for his House.

Provision for Husbandry.

Provision for Fishing and Fowling.

A direction for choice of seruants.

The forme of binding a servant.

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A Forme of a Bill of Lading, to be taken from the Master of the Sip, by every Aduenterer, for the better securing of the transportation of his goods.

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The names of the Gentlemen adventurers that are gone in person to this Plantation.

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A RELATION OF MARYLAND;

Together, VVith

A Map of the Countrey,

The Conditions of Plantation,

His Majesties Charter to the Lord Baltemore, translated into English.

These Bookes are to bee had, at Master William Peasley Esq his house, on the back-side of Drury-Lane, neere the Cock-pit Playhouse; or in his absence, at Master Iohn Morgans house in high Holbourne, over against the Dolphin, London.

September the 8. Anno Dom. 1635.

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CHAP. I.

A RELATION Of the Lord BALTEMORE'S Plantation in Maryland.

HIs most Excellent Majestie Having by His Letters Patents, under the Great Seale of England, granted a certaine Countrey in America (now called Maryland, in honour of our gratious Queene) unto the Lord Baltemore, with divers Priviledges, and encouragements to all those that should aduenture with his Lordship in the planting of that Cōntrey: the benefit and honour of such an action was readily apprehended by divers Gentlemen, of good birth and qualitie, who thereupon resolued to aduenture their persons, and a good [Page] part of their fortunes with his Lordship, in the pursuite of so noble and (in all likelihood) so aduantagious an enterprize. His Lordship was at first resolued to goe in person; but the more important reasons perswading his stay at home, hee appointed his brother, Mr. Leonard Caluert to goe Governour in his stead, with whom he joyned in Commission, Mr. Ierome Hawley, and Mr. Thomas Cornwallis (two worthy and able Gentlemen.) These with the other Gentlemen aduenturers, and their seruants, to the number of neere 200. people, imbarked thēselues for the voyage, in the good ship called the Arke, of 300. tunne & upward, which was attended by his Lordships Pinnace, called the Dove, of about 50. tunne. And so on Friday, the 22. of November, 1633. a small gale of winde comming gently from the North-West, they weighed from the Cowes in the Isle of Wight, about ten in the morning; And having stayed by the way Twenty dayes at the Barbada's, and Fourteene dayes at Saint Christophers (upon some necessary occasions) they arrived at Point Comfort in Virginia, on the foure & twentyeth of February following. They had Letters from his Majesty, in favor of them, to the Governour of Virginia, in obedience whereunto, he used them with much courtesie and humanitie. At this time, one Captaine Cleyborne (one of the Councel of Virginia) comming [Page] from the parts whether they intended to goe, told them that all the Natives were in preparation of defence by reason of a rumor some had raised amongst them, that 6. shippes were to come with many people, who would drive all the inhabitants out of the Countrey.

On the 3. of March, they left Point Comfort, Patowmeck, is a great River of the Province of Maryland▪ on which they intend [...]d, to seate the first Colony. & 2. dayes after, they came to Patowmeck river, which is about 24. leagues distant, there they began to give names to places, and called the Southerne point of that River, Saint Gregories; and the Northerne point, Saint Michaels.

They sayled up the River, till they came to Heron Iland, which is about 14. leagues, andSo called from the aboundance of that Fowle there. there came to an Anchor under an Island neere unto it, which they called S. Clements. Where they set up a Crosse, and tooke possession of this Countrey for our Saviour, and for our Soveraigne Lord the King of England.

Heere the Governor thought fit for the ship to stay, vntill hee had discovered more of the Countrey: and so hee tooke two Pinnaces, andThe Dove, and one hyred in Virgin [...]a. went up the River some 4. leagues, and landed on the South side, where he found the Indians fled for feare, from thence hee sayled some 9. leagues higher to Patowmeck Towne where the Werowance being a child, Archibau his vnckleSo they call their Princes. (who governed him and his Countrey for him) gave all the company good wellcome, and one of the company having entered into a little discourse [Page] with him, touching the errours of their religion, hee seemed well pleased therewith; and at his going away, desired him to returne thither againe, saying he should live with him, his men should hunt for him, and hee would divide all with him.

From hence the Governor went to Pasehatoway, about 20. leagues higher, where he found many Indians assembled, and heere he met with one Captaine Henry Fleete an English-man, who had lived many yeeres among the Indians, and by that meanes spake the Countrey language very well, and was much esteemed of by the natives. Him our Governour sent a shore to invite the Werowance to a parley, who thereupon came with him aboard privatly, where he was courteously entertained, and after some parley being demanded by the Governour, whether hee would be content that he and his people should set downe in his Countrey, in case he should find a place conuenient for him, his answere was, ‘that he would not bid him goe, neither would & hee bid him stay, but that he might use his owne discretion.’

While this Werowance was aboard, many of his people came to the water side, fearing that he might be surprised, whereupon the Werowance commanded two Indians that came with him, to goe on shore, to quit them of this feare, but they answered, they feared they wou'd kill [Page] them; The Werowance therefore shewed himselfe upon the decke, and told them hee was in safety, wherewith they were satisfied.

Whilest the Governour was abroad, the neighbouring Indians, where the ship lay, began to cast off feare, and to come to their Court of guard, which they kept night and day upon Saint Clements Ile, partly to defend their barge, which was brought in pieces out of England, and there made up; and partly to defend their men which were imployed in felling of trees, and cleaving pales for a Palizado, and at last they ventured to come aboard the ship.

The Governour finding it not fit, for many reasons, to seate himselfe as yet so high in the River, resolued to returne backe againe, and to take a more exact view of the lower parts, and so leaving the Ship & Pinnaces there, he tooke his Barge (as most fit to search the Creekes, and small rivers) and was conducted by Captaine Fleete (who knew well the Countrey) to a River on the North-side of Patomeck river, within 4. or 5. leagues from the mouth thereof, which they called Saint Georges River. They went up this river about 4. Leagues, and anchored at the Towne of Yoacomaco: from whence the Indians of that part of the Countrey, are called the Yoacomacoes:

At their comming to this place, the Governour went on shoare, and treated friendly [Page] with the Werowance there, and acquainted him with the intent of his comming thither, to which hee made little answere (as it is their manner, to any new or suddaine question) but entertained him, and his company that night in his house, and gave him his owne bed to lie on (which is a matt layd on boords) and the next day, went to shew him the country; and that day being spent in viewing the places about that towne, and the fresh waters, which there are very plentifull, and excellent good (but the maine rivers are salt) the Governor determined to make the first Colony there, and so gave order for the Ship and Pinnaces to come thither.

This place he found to be a very commodious situation for a Towne, in regard the land is good▪ the ayre wholsome and pleasant, the River affords a safe harbour for ships of any burthen, and a very bould shoare; fresh water, and wood there is in great plenty, and the place so naturally fortified, as with little difficultie, it will be defended from any enemie.

To make his entry peaceable and safe, hee thought fit to present the Werowance and the Wisoes of the Towne with some English Cloth,So they call the chiefe men of Accompt amongst them. (such as is used in trade with the Indians) Axes, Howes, and Knives, which they accepted very kindly, and freely gave consent that hee and his company should dwell in one part of their Towne, and reserued the other for themselues: [Page] and those Indians that dwelt in that part of the Towne, which was allotted for the English▪ freely left them their houses, and some corne that they had begun to plant: It was also agreed between them, that at the end of haruest they should leave the whole towne; which they did accordingly: And they made mutuall promises to each other, to live friendly and peaceably together, and if any injury should happen to be done on any part, that satisfaction should be made for the same, and thus upon the 27. day of March, Anno Domini, 1634. the Governour tooke possession of the place, and named the Towne Saint Maries.

There was an occasion that much facilitated their treaty with these Indians, which was this: The Sasquehanocks (a warlike people that inhabite betweene Chesopeack bay, and Delaware bay) did vsually make warres, and incursions upon the neighbouring Indians, partly for superiority, partly for to get their Women, and what other purchase they could meet with, which these Indians of Yocomaco fearing, had the yeere before our arivall there, made a resolution, for their safety, to remove themselues higher into the Countrey where it was more populous, and many of them were gone thither before the English arrived.

Three dayes after their comming to Yoacomaco the Arke with the two Pinaces arived there. [Page] The Indians much wondred to see such ships, and at the thundering of the Ordnance when they came to an Anchor.

The next day they began to prepare for their houses, and first o [...] all a Court of Guard, and a Store-house; in the meane time they lay abord the ship: They had not beene there many dayes before Sir Iohn Haruie the governor of V [...]rginea came thither to visit them; Also some Indian Werowances, and many other Indians f [...]om severall parts came to see them, amongst others the Werowance of Patuxent came to visit the Governour, and being brought into the great Cabin of the ship, was placed betweene the Governour of Virginea, and the Governour of Mary-land; and a Patuxent Indian that came with him, comming into the Cabin, and finding the Werowance thus sitting betweene the two Governours, started backe, fearing the Werowance was surprised, and was ready to have leapt overboard, and could not be perswaded to come into the Cabin, untill the Werowance came himselfe unto him; for he remembred how the said Werowance had formerly beene taken prisoner by the English of Virginia.

After they had finished the store-house, and unladed the ship, the Governour thought fit to bring the Colours on shore, which were attended by all the Gentlemen, and the rest of the servants in armes; who received the Colours [Page] with a volley of shot, which was answered by the Ordnance from the ships; At this Ceremony were present, the Werowances of Patuxent, and Yoacomaco, with many other Indians; and the Werowance of Patuxent hereupon tooke occasion to advise the Indians of Yoacomaco to be carefull to keepe the league that they had made with the English. He stayed with them divers dayes, and used many Indian Complements, and at his departure hee said to the Governour. ‘I loue the English so well, that if they should goe about to kill me, if I had but so much breath as to speake; I would command the people, not to revenge my death▪ for I know they would not doe such a thing, except it were through mine owne default.’

They brought thither with them some store of Indian Corne, from the Barbado's, which at their first arivall they began to vse (thinking fit to reserve their English provision of Meale and Oatemeale) and the Indian women seeing their servants to bee unacquainted with the manner of dressing it, would make bread thereof for them, and teach them how to doe the like: They found also the countrey well stored with Corne (which they bought with truck, such as there is desired, the Natiues having no knowledge of the use of money) whereof they sold them such plenty, as that they sent 1000. bushells of it to New-England, to provide them [Page] some salt-fish, and other commodities which they wanted.

During the time that the Indians stai'd by the English at Yoacomaco, they went dayly to hunt with them for Deere and Turkies, wherof some they gaue them for Presents, and the meaner sort would sell them to them, for knives, beades and the like: Also of Fish, the natives brought them great store, and in all things dealt very friendly with them; their women and children came very frequently amongst them, which was a certaine signe of their confidence of them, it being found by experience, that they never attempt any ill, where the women are, or may be in danger.

Their comming thus to seate upon an Indian Towne, where they found ground cleered to their hands, gave them opportunity (although they came late in the yeere) to plant some Corne, and to make them gardens, which they sowed with English seeds of all sorts, and they prospered exceeding well. They also made what haste they could to finish their houses; but before they could accomplish all these things, one Captaine Cleyborne (who had a desire to appropriate the trade of those parts unto himselfe) began to cast out words amongst the Indians, saying, That those of Yoacomaco were Spaniards and his enemies; and by this meanes endeavoured to alienate the mindes of [Page] the Natives from them, so that they did not receive them so friendly as formerly they had done. This caused them to lay aside all other workes, and to finish their Fort, which they did within the space of one moneth; where they mounted some Ordnance, and furnished it with some murtherers, and such other meanes of defence as they thought fit for their safeties: which being done, they proceeded with their Houses and finished them, with convenient accommodations belonging thereto: And although they had thus put themselves in safety, yet they ceased not to procure to put these jealousies out of the Natives minds, by treating and vsing them in the most courteous manner they could, and at last prevailed therein, and setled a very firme peace and friendship with them. They procured from Virginia, Hogges, Poultrey, and some Cowes, and some male cattell, which hath given them a foundation for breed and increase; and whoso desires it, may furnish himselfe with store of Cattell from thence, but the hogges and Poultrey are already increased in Maryland, to a great stocke, sufficient to serve the Colonie very plentifully. They have also set up a Water-mill for the grinding of Corne, adjoyning to the Towne.

Thus within the space of sixe moneths, was laid the foundation of the Colonie in Maryland; and whosoever intends now to goe thither, [Page] shall finde the way so troden, that hee may proceed with much more ease and confidence then these first adventurers could, who were ignorant both of Place, People, and all things else, and could expect to find nothing but what nature produced: besides, they could not in reason but thinke, the Natives would oppose them; whereas now the Countrey is discovered, and friendship with the Natives is assured, houses built, and many other accommodations, as Cattell, Hogges, Poultry, Fruits and the like brought thither from England, Virginea, and other places, which are vsefull, both for profit and Pleasure: and without boasting it may be said, that this Colony hath arived to more in sixe moneths, then Virginia did in as many yeeres. If any man say, they are beholding to Virginea for so speedy a supply of many of those things which they of Virginia were forced to fetch from England and other remote places, they will confesse it, and acknowledge themselves glad that Virginea is so neere a neighbour, and that it is so well stored of all necessaries for to make those parts happy, and the people to live as plentifully as in any other part of the world, only they wish that they would be content their neighbours might live in peace by them, and then no doubt they should find a great comfort each in other.

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Noua TERRAE-MARIAE tabula

This Northerne part of Virginia (the limitts whereof extend many degrees farther Southwards) is heere inserted for the better description of the entrance into the Bay of Chesapeack.

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CHAP. II.

A description of the Countrey.

THe precedent discourse gives you to understand, how the first Colony sate downe in Maryland, what progresse they made, and in what estate it is at this present: Now my purpose is to speake of the Countrey in generall, that who so lookes that way, may beforehand know something thereof. It is seated betweene the degrees of 38 and 40 of North-Latitude, Virginia bounds it on the South, New-England on the North, and the Ocean on the East, but the Westerne parts are not yet discovered.

The temper of the Ayre is very good, and agrees well with the English, as appeared at their first comming thither, when they had no houses to shelter them, and their people were [Page] enforced, not onely to labour in the day, but to watch in their turnes at night, yet had their healths exceeding well: In Summer its hot as in Spaine, and in Winter there is frost and snow, but it seldome lasts long▪ this last Winter was the coldest that had beene knowne in many yeeres: but the yeere before, there was scarce any signe of Winter, onely that the leaves fell from the trees, in all other things it appeared to be Summer; and yet the last Winter, both their Cattell and Hoggs kept themselves in the woods, without any fodder, or other helpe, and the Hoggs thrived so well, that some of them were killed out of the woods for Porke and Bacon, which was excellent good and fat.

The Windes there are variable; from the South comes Heat, Gusts, and Thunder; from the North, or North-west, cold-weather, and in winter, Frost and Snow; from the East and South-east, Raine.

The ordinary entrance by Sea into this Countrey, is betweene two Capes, which are distant each from other, about 7 or 8 leagves, the South-Cape is called Cape-Henry; the North, Cape-Charles, When you are come within the Capes, you enter into a faire Bay, which is navigable for at least 200 miles, and is called Chesopeack Bay, and runneth Northerly: Into this Bay fall many goodly navigable [Page] Rivers, the chiefe whereof is Patomack, where the Colony is now seated. It's navigable for 140 miles, it begins to be fresh about 2 leagves above Patomack Towne. The next River Northward is Patuxent, which at the entrance is distant from the other, about 20 miles, and is a very pleasant and commodious River; It's fit for habitation, and easie to be defended, by reason of the Ilands, and other places of advantage, that may command it; from thence, untill you come to the head of the Bay, there are no more Rivers that are inhabited: There dwell the Sasquehanocks▪ upon a River that is not navigable for our Boates, by reason of Sholes and Rockes; but they passe it in A tearme they use for their Boates. Canoos; At the entrance thereof, there is an Iland which will command that River. Vpon the East side of this Bay lie very many Ilands which are not inhabited, where are store of Deere.

On the Easterne shore of the Country, which lieth upon the maine Ocean, are sundry small Creekes, and one likely to proove a very commodious harbour, called Matsopongue; neere the mouth whereof, lieth an Iland of about 20 miles in length, and thence about 6 leagues more Northerly, another Iland called Chingoto; and about seaven leagues beyond that, to the North, opens another very large faire Bay, called Delaware Bay. This Bay is about 8 leagues wide at the entrance, and into it, there falls a [Page] very faire navigable River.

The Countrey is generally plaine and even, and yet hath some pritty small hills and risings; It's full of Rivers and Creekes, and hath store of Springs and small Brookes: The Woods for the most part are free from underwood, so that a man may travell on horsebacke, almost any-where, or hunt for his recreation.

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CHAP. III.

The Commodities which this Countrey affords naturally.

THis Countrey affords naturally, many excellent things for Physicke and Surgery, the perfect use of which, the English cannot yet learne from the Natives: They have a roote which is an excellent preseruative against Poyson, called by the English, the Snake roote. Other herbes and rootes they have, wherewith they cure all manner of woundes; also Saxafras, Gummes, and Balsum. An Indian seeing one of the English, much troubled with the tooth-ake, fetched of the roote of a tree, and gave the party some of it to hold in his mouth, and it eased the paine presently. They have other rootes fit for dyes, wherewith they make colours to paint themselues.

[Page]The Timber of these parts is very good, and in aboundance, it is usefull for building of houses, and shippes; the white Oake is good for Pipe-staves, the red Oake for wainescot. There is also Walnut, Cedar, Pine, & Cipresse, Chesnut, Elme, Ashe, and Popler, all which are for Building, and Husbandry. Also there are divers sorts of Fruit-trees, as Mulberries, Persimons, with severall other kind of Plummes, and Vines, in great aboundance. The Mast and the Chesnuts, and what rootes they find in the woods, doe feede the Swine very fat, and will breede great store, both for their owne provision, or for merchandise, and such as is not inferior to the Bacon of Westphalia.

Of Strawberries, there is plenty, which are ripe in Aprill: Mulberries in May; and Raspices in Iune; Maracocks which is somewhat like a Limon, are ripe in August.

In the Spring, there are severall sorts of herbes, as Corn-sallet, Violets, Sorrell, Purslaine, all which are very good and wholsome, and by the English, used for sallets, and in broth.

In the upper parts of the Countrey, there are Bufeloes, Elkes, Lions, Beares, Wolues, and Deare there are great store, in all places that are not too much frequented, as also Beavers, Foxes, Otters, and many other sorts of Beasts.

Of Birds, there is the Eagle, Goshawke, Falcon, Lanner, Sparrow-hawke, and Merlin, [Page] also wild Turkeys in great aboundance, whereof many weigh 50. pounds, and upwards; and of Partridge plenty: There are likewise sundry sorts of Birds which sing, whereof some are red, some blew, others blacke and yellow, some like our Black-birds, others like Thrushes, but not of the same kind, with many more, for which wee know no names.

In Winter there is great plenty of Swannes, Cranes, Geese, Herons, Ducke, Teale, Widgeon, Brants, and Pidgeons, with other sorts, whereof there are none in England.

The Sea, the Bayes of Chesopeack, and Delaware, and generally all the Rivers, doe abound with Fish of severall sorts; for many of them we have no English names: There are Whales, Sturgeons uery large and good, and in great aboundance; Grampuses, Porpuses, Mullets, Ttouts, Soules, Place, Mackerell, Perch, Crabs, Oysters, Cockles, and Mussles; But above all these, the fish that have no English names, are the best except the Sturgeons: There is also a fish like the Thornebacke in England, which hath a taile a yard long, wherein are sharpe prickles, with which if it strike a man, it will put him to much paine and torment, but it is very good meate: also the Tode-fish, which will swell till it be ready to burst, if it be taken out of the water.

The Mineralls have not yet beene much [Page] searched after, yet there is discovered Iron Oare; and Earth fitt to make Allum, Terra lemnia, and a red soile like Bolearmonicke, with sundry other sorts of Mineralls, which wee have not yet beene able to make any tryall of.

The soile generally is very rich, like that which is about Cheesweeke neere London, where it is worth 20. shillings an Acre yeerely to Tillage in the Common-fields, and in very many places, you shall have two foote of blacke rich mould, wherein you shall scarce find a stone, it is like a sifted Garden-mould, and is so rich, that if it be not first planted with Indian corne, Tobacco, Hempe, or some such thing that may take off the ranknesse thereof, it will not be fit for any English graine; and under that, there is found good loame, whereof wee have made as good bricke as any in England; there is great store of Marish ground also, that with good husbandry, will make as rich Medow, as any in the world: There is store of Marle, both blue, and white, and in many places, excellent clay for pots, and tyles; and to conclude, there is nothing that can be reasonably expected in a place lying in the latitude which this doth, but you shall either find it here to grow naturally: or Industry, and good husbandry will produce it.

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CHAP. IIII.

The commodities that may be procured in Maryland by industry.

HEe that well considers the situation of this Countrey, and findes it placed betweene Virginia and New-England, cannot but, by his owne reason, conclude that it must needs participate of the naturall commodities of both places, and be capable of those which industry brings into either, the distances being so small betweene them: you shall find in the Southerne parts of Maryland, all that Virginia hath naturally; and in the Northerne parts, what New-England produceth; and he that reades Captaine Iohn Smith shall see at large discoursed what is in Virginia, and in Master William Wood, who this yeere hath written a [Page] treatise of New-England, he may know what is there to be expected.

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Yet to say something of it in particular.

IN the first place I name Corne, as the thing most necessary to sustaine man; That which the Natives use in the Countrey, makes very good bread, and also a meate which they call Omene, it's like our Furmety, and is very savory and wholesome; it will Mault and make good Beere. Also the Natives have a sort of Pulse, which we call Pease and Beanes, that are very good. This Corne yeelds a great increase, so doth the Pease and Beanes: One man may in a season, well plant so much as will yeeld a hundred bushells of this Corne, 20 bushells of Beanes and Pease, and yet attend a crop of Tobacco: which according to the goodnesse of the ground may be more or lesse, but is ordinarily accompted betweene 800 and 1000 pound weight.

They have made tryall of English Pease, and they grow very well, also Musk-mellons, Watermellons, Com-cumbers, with all sorts of garden Roots and Herbes, as Carrots, Parsenips, Turnips, Cabbages Radish▪ with many more; and in Virginia they have sowed English Wheate and Barley, and it yeelds twise as much increase as in England; and although there be not many that doe apply themselves to plant Gardens and Orchards, yet those that doe it, find much profit [Page] and pleasure thereby: They have Peares, Apples, and severall sorts of Plummes, Peaches in abundance, and as good as those of Italy; so are the Mellons and Pumpions: Apricocks, Figgs and Pomegranates prosper exceedingly; they haue lately planted Orange and Limon trees which thrive very wel: and in fine, there is scarce any fruit that growes in England, France, Spaine, or Italy, but hath been tryed there, and prospers well. You may there also have Hemp and Flax, Pitch and Tarre, with little labour; it's apt for Rapeseed, and Annis-seed, Woad, Madder, Saffron, &c. There may be had, Silke-wormes, the Countrey being stored with Mulberries: and the superfluity of wood will produce Potashes.

And for Wine, there is no doubt but it will be made there in plenty, for the ground doth naturally bring foorth Vines, in such aboundance, that they are as frequent there, as Brambles are here. Iron may be made there with little charge; Brave ships may be built, without requiring any materialls from other parts: Clabboard, Wainscott, Pipestaves and Masts for ships the woods will afford plentifully. In fine, Butter and Cheese, Porke and Bacon, to transport to other countrys will be no small commodity, which by industry may be quickly had there in great plenty, &c. And if there were no other staple commodities to be hoped for, but Silke and Linnen (the materialls of which, apparantly will grow there) it were sufficient to enrich the inhabitants.

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CHAP. V.

Of the Naturall disposition of the Indians which Inhabite the parts of Maryland where the English are seated: And their manner of living.

HEE that hath a Curiosity to know all that hath beene obserued of the Customes and manners of the Indians, may find large discourses thereof in Captaine Smiths Booke of Virginia, and Mr. Woods of New-England: but he that is desirous to goe to Maryland, shall heere find enough to informe him of what is necessary for him to know touching them. [Page] By Captaine Smith's, and many other Relations you may be informed, that the People are War-licke, and have done much harme to the English; and thereby are made very terrible. Others say that they are a base and cowardly People, and to be contemned: and it is thought by some who would be esteemed States-men, that the only point of pollicie that the English can use, is, to destroy the Indians, or to drive them out of the Countrey, without which, it is not to be hoped that they can be secure. The truth is, if they be injured, they may well be feared, they being People that have able bodies, and generally, taller, and bigger limbed then the English, and want not courage; but the oddes wee have of them in our weapons, keepes them in awe, otherwise they would not flie from the English, as they have done in the time of Warres with those of Virginia, and out of that respect▪ a small number of our men being armed, will aduenture upon a great troope of theirs, and for no other reason, for they are resolute and subtile enough: But from hence to conclude, that there can be no safety to live with them, is a very great errour. Experience hath taught us, that by kind and faire usage, the Natives are not onely become peaceable, but also friendly, and have upon all occasions performed as many friendly Offices to the English in Maryland, and New-England, as any neighbour [Page] or friend uses to doe in the most Civill parts of Christendome: Therefore any wise man will hold it a far more just and reasonable way to treat the People of the Countrey well, thereby to induce them to civility, and to teach them the use of husbandry, and Mechanick trades, whereof they are capable, which may in time be very usefull to the English; and the Planters to keepe themselues strong, and united in Townes, at least for a competent number, and then noe man can reasonably doubt, either surprise, or any other ill dealing from them.

But to proceede, hee that sees them, may know how men lived whilest the world was under the Law of Nature; and as by nature, so amongst them, all men are free, but yet subject to command for the publike defence. Their Government is Monarchicall, he that governes in chiefe, is called the Werowance, and is assisted by some that consult with him of the common affaires, who are called Wisoes: They have no Lawes, but the Law of Nature and discretion, by which all things are ruled, onely Custome hath introduced a law for the Succession of the Government, which is this; when a Werowance dieth▪ his eldest sonne succeeds, and after him the second, and so the rest, each for their▪ liues, and when all the sonnes are dead, then the sons of the Werowances eldest daughter shall succeede, and so if he have more daughters; for [Page] they hold, that the issue of the daughters hath more of his blood in them than the issue of his sonnes. The Wisoes are chosen at the pleasure of the Werowance, yet commonly they are chosen of the same family, if they be of yeeres capable: The yong men generally beare a very great respect to the elder.

They have also C [...]ck [...]r [...]ses that are their Captains in time of war, to whom they are very obedient; But the Werowance himselfe plants Corne, makes his owne Bow and Arrowes, his Canoo, his Mantle, Shooes, and what ever else belongs unto him, as any other common Indian; and commonly the Commanders are the best and most ingenious and active in all those things which are in esteeme amongst them. The women serve their husbands, make their bread, dresse their meate, such as they kill in hunting, or get by fishing; and if they have more wives then one, as some of them have (but that is not generall) then the best beloved wife performes all the offices of the house, and they take great coment therein. The women also (beside the houshold businesse) use to make Matts, which serve to cover their houses, and for beds; also they make baskets, some of Rushes, others of Silke-grasse, which are very handsom.

The Children live with their Parents; the Boyes untill they come to the full growth of men; (for they reckon not by yeeres, as we doe) [Page] then they are put into the number of Bow-men, and are called Blacke-boyes (and so continue untill they take them wives) When they are to be made Black-boyes, the ancient men that governe the yonger, tell them, That if they will be valiant and obedient to the Werowance, Wisos and C [...]kc [...]r [...]ses, then their god will love them, all men will esteeme of them, and they shall kill Deere, and Turkies, catch Fish, and all things shall goe well with them; but if otherwise, then shall all goe contrary: which perswasion mooves in them an incredible obedience to their commands; If they bid them take fire in their hands or mouthes, they will doe it, or any other desperate thing, although with the apparant danger of their lives.

The women remaine with their Parents untill they have husbands, and if the Parents bee dead, then with some other of their friends. If the husband die, he leaves all that he hath to his wife, except his bow and arrowes, and some Beades (which they usually bury with them) and she is to keepe the children untill the sons come to be men, and then they live where they please, for all mens houses are free unto them; and the daughters untill they have husbands. The manner of their marriages is thus; he that would have a wife, treates with the father, or if he be dead, with the friend that takes care of her whom he desires to have to wife, and agrees [Page] with him for a quantity of Beades, or some such other thing which is accepted amongst them; which he is to give for her, and must be payed at the day of their marriage; and then the day being appointed, all the friends of both parts meet at the mans house that is to have the wife, and each one brings a present of meate and the woman that is to be married also brings her present: when the company is all come, the man he sits at the upper end of the house, and the womans friends leade her up, and place her by him, then all the company sit down upon mats, on the ground (as their manner is) and the woman riseth and serves dinner, First to her husband, then to all the company; the rest of the day they spend in singing and dancing (which is not unpleasant) at night the company leaves thē, and cōmonly they live very peaceably and lovingly together; Yet it falls out sometimes, that a man puts away one wife and takes another; then she and her children returne to her friends again. They are generally very obedient to their husbands, and you shal seldome heare a woman speake in the presence of her husband, except he aske her some question.

This people live to a great age, which appeares, in that although they marry not so yong as we doe in England, yet you may see many of them great-grandfathers to children of good bignesse; and continue at that age, very [Page] able and strong men: The Men and Women have all blacke haire, which is much bigger and harsher then ours, it is rare to see any of them to waxe gray, although they be very old, but never bauld: It is seldome seene that any of the men have beards, but they weare long locks, which reach to their shoulders, and some of them to their wasts: they are of a comely stature, well favoured, and excellently well limbed, and seldome any deformed. In their warres, and hunting, they use Bowes and Arrowes (but the Arrowes are not poysoned, as in other places.) The Arrow-heads are made of a Flint-stone, the top of a Deares horne, or some Fish-bone, which they fasten with a sort of glew, which they make. They also use in warres, a short club of a cubite long, which they call a Tomahawk.

They live for the most part in Townes, like Countrey Villages in England; Their houses are made like our Arboures, covered some with matts, others with barke of trees, which defend them from the injury of the weather: The fiers are in the midst of the house, and a hole in the top for the smoake to goe out at. In length, some of them are 30. others 40. some a 100. foote; and in breadth about 12. foote. They have some things amongst them which may well become Christians to imitate, as their temperance in eating and drinking, their [Page] Iustice each to other, for it is never heard of, that those of a Nation will rob or steale one from another; and the English doe often trust them with truck, to deale for them as factors, and they have performed it very justly: Also they have sent letters by them to Virginia, and into other parts of the Countrey, unto their seruants that have beene trading abroad, and they have delivered them, and brought backe answere thereof unto those that sent them; Also their conuersation each with other, is peaceable, and free from all scurrulous words, which may give offence; They are very hospitable to their owne people, and to strangers; they are also of a grave comportment: Some of the Aduenturers at a time, was at one of their feasts, when Two hundred of them did meet together; they eate of but one dish at a meale, and every man, although there be never so many, is serued in a dish by himselfe; their dishes are made of wood, but handsomely wrought: The dinner lasted two houres; and after dinner, they sung and danced about two houres more, in all which time, not one word or action past amongst them that could give the least disturbance to the company; In the most grave assembly, no man can expect to find so much time past with more silence and gravitie: Some Indians comming on a time to Iames Towne in Virginia, it happened, that there then sate the Councell to heare [Page] causes, and the Indians seeing such an assembly, asked what it meant? Answere was made, there was held a Match-c [...]mac [...] (which the Indians call their place of Councell) the Indian replyed, that they all talke at once, but wee doe not so in our Match-comac [...].

Their attire is decent and modest; about their wasts, they weare a covering of Deares skinnes, which reacheth to their knees, and upon their shoulders a large mantle of skinnes, which comes downe to the middle of the legge, and some to the heele; in winter they weare it furred, in summer without; When men hunt they put off their Mantles, so doe the women when they worke, if the weather be hot: The women affect to weare chaines and bracelets of beades, some of the better sort of them, weare ropes of Pearle about their necks, and some hanging in their eares, which are of a large sort, but spoyled with burning the Oysters in the fire, and the rude boaring of them. And they and the young men use to paint their faces with severall colours, but since the English came thither, those about them have quite left it; and in many things shew a great inclination to conforme themselues to the English manner of living. The werowance of Paschatoway desired the Governor to send him a man that could build him a house like the English, and in sundry respects, commended our manner of living, [Page] as much better then their owne: The Werowance of Patuxent, goes frequently in English Attire, so doth hee of Port [...]back, and many others that have bought Clothes of the English: These Werowances have made request, that some of their children may be brought up amongst the English, and every way, shew great demonstrations of friendship, and good affection unto them.

These People acknowledge a God, who isTheir Religion. the giver of al the good things, wherewith their life is maintained; and to him they sacrifice of the first fruits of their Corne, and of that which they get by hunting, and fishing: The sacrifice is performed by an Ancient man, who makes a speech unto their God (not without something of Barbarisme) which being ended, hee bu [...]es part of the sacrifice, and then eates of the rest, then the People that are present, eate also, and untill the Ceremony be performed, they will not touch one bit thereof: They hold the Immortalitie of the soule, and that there is a place of Ioy, and another of torment after death, and that those which kill, steale, or lye, shall goe to the place of torment, but those which doe no harme, to the good place; where they shall have all sorts of pleasure.

It happened the last yeere, that some of the Sasquehanocks and the Wicomesses (who are enemies) met at the Iland of Monop [...]nson, where [Page] Captaine Cleyborne liveth, they all came to trade, and one of the Sasquehanocks did an Injury to a Wicomesse, whereat some of Cleybornes people that saw it, did laugh. The Wicomesses seeing themselues thus injured and despised (as they thought) went away, and lay in ambush for the returne of the Sasquehanocks, and killed five of them, onely two escaped; and then they returned againe, and killed three of Cleybornes People, and some of his Cattle; about two moneths after this was done, the Wicomesses sent a messenger unto his Lordships Governor, to excuse the fact, and to offer satisfaction for the harme that was done to the English: The Wicomesse that came with the message, brought in his company an Indian, of the Towne of Patuxent, which is the next neighbouring Towne unto the English at Saint Maries, with whom they have good correspondence, and hee spake to the Governour in this manner.

I Am a Native of Patuxent, as this man (whom you know) can tell you, true it is, I married a wife amongst the Wicomesses, where I have lived ever since, and they have sent me to tell you, that they are sorry for the harme, which was lately done by some of their people, to the English at Monaponson; and hope you will not make the rash act of a few young men, (which was done in heate) a quarrell to their [Page] Nation, who desire to live in peace and love with you, and are ready to make satisfaction for the Injury, desiring to know what will give you content, and that they will returne such things as were then taken from thence; But withall, they desire you not to thinke that they doe this for feare, for they have warres with the Sasquehanocks, who have by a surprise, lately killed many of their men, but they would not sue to them for peace, intending to revenge the injuries, as they could find opportunitie, yet their desire was to have peace with the English.

The Governour returned answere to the Wicomesse; since you acknowledge the Injury, and are sorry for it, and onely desire to know what I expect for satisfaction; I tell you I expect that those men, who have done this out-rage, should be delivered unto me, to doe with them as I shall thinke fit, and likewise that you restore all such things as you then tooke from the English; and withall, charged him with a second Injury attempted upon some of his owne People, since that time, by the Wicomesses.

The Wicomesse after a little pause, replyed; It is the manner amongst us Indians, that if any such like accident happen, wee doe redeeme the life of a man that is so slaine, with a 100. armes length of Roaroke (which is a sort of [Page] Beades that they make, and use for money) and since that you are heere strangers, and come into our Countrey, you should rather conforme your selues to the Customes of our Countrey, then impose yours upon us; But as for the second matter, I know nothing of it, nor can give any answere thereunto.

The Governour then told him; It seemes you come not sufficiently instructed in the businesse which wee have with the Wicomesses, therefore tell them what I have said; and that I expect a speedy answere; and so dismist him.

It fell in the way of my discourse, to speake of the Indian money of those parts, It is of two sorts, Wompompeag and Roanoake; both of them are made of a Fish-shell, that they gather by the Sea side, Wompompeag is of the greater sort, and Roanoake of the lesser, and the Wompompeag is three times the value of Roanoake; and these serue as Gold and Siluer doe heere; they barter also one commoditie for another, and are very glad of trafficke and commerce, so farre as to supply their necessities: They shew no great desire of heaping wealth, yet some they will have to be buryed with them; If they were Christians, and would live so free from covetousnesse, and many other vices which abound in Christendome, they would be a brave people.

I therefore conclude, that since God Almighty hath made this Countrey so large and fruitfull, [Page] and that the people be such as you have heard them described; It is much more Prudence and Charity, to Civilize, and make them Christians, then to kill, robbe, and hunt them from place to place, as you would doe a wolfe. By reducing of them, God shall be serued, his Majesties Empire enlarged by the addition of many thousand Subjects, as well as of large Territories, our Nation honoured, and the Planters themselues enriched by the trafficke and commerce which may be had with them; and in many other things, they may be usefull, but prejudiciall they cannot be, if it be not through their owne faults, by negligence of fortifying themselues, and not conseruing military discipline.

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CHAP. VI.

Conditions propounded by the Lord Baltemore, to such as shall goe, or adventure into Maryland.

I.

WHAT person soever, subject to our soveraigne Lord the King of England▪ shal be at the charge to transport into the Province of Maryland himselfe or his deputy, with any number of able men, betweene the ages of 16 and 50, each man being provided in all things necessary for a Plantatiō (which, together with their transportation, will amount to about 20 l. a man, as by an aestimate hereafter following may appeare) there shalbe assigned unto every such adventurer, [Page] for every five men which he shall so transport thither, a proportion of good land within the said Province, containing in quantity 1000 acres of English measure, which shall be erected into a Mannor, and be conveyed to him, his heires, and assignes for ever, with all such royalties and priviledges, as are usually belonging to Mannors in England; rendring and paying yerely unto his Lordship, and his heires for every such Mannor, a quit rent of 20 shillings, (to be paid in the Commodities of the Countrey) and such other services as shall be generally agreed upon for publike uses, and the common good.

II.

What person soever, as aforesaid, shall transport himselfe, or any lesse number of servants then five (aged, and provided as aforesaid) he shall have assigned to him, his heires and assignes for ever, for himselfe, 100 acres of good land within the said Province; and for and in respect of every such seruant, 100 acres more, be be holden of his Lordship in freehold, paying therefore, a yeerely quit rent of 2 shillings for every hundred acres, in the Commodities of the Countrey.

III.

Any married man that shall transport himselfe, [Page] his wife and children; shall have assigned unto him, his heires and assignes for ever, in freehold, (as aforesaid) for himselfe 100 acres; and for his wife 100 acres; and for every child that he shall carry over, under the age of 16 yeeres, 50 acres; paying for a quit rent 12 pence for every fifty acres.

IIII.

Any woman that shall transport herselfe or any children, under the age of sixe yeeres, shall have the like Conditions as aforesaid.

V.

Any one that shall carry over any women servants, under the age of fourty yeeres, shall have for and in respect of every such woman servant, 50 acres; paying onely a quit rent, as aforesaid.

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CHAP. VII.

Instructions and advertisements, for such as shall intend to goe, or send, to plant in Maryland.

THis Countrey of Maryland, lieth from England to the Southwest, about 1200 leagues by Sea: the voyage is sometimes performed thither in 5 or 6 weekes, but ordinarily it is two moneths voyage, and oftner within that time then beyond it. The returne from thence to England, is ordinarily made in a moneth, and seldome exceeds sixe weekes.

The best time of the yeere for going thither, is to be there by Michaelmas, or at furthest by Christmas, for he that comes by that time shall have time enough to build him a house, and to prepare ground sufficient to plant in the spring following. But there is conveniency of passage thither in most moneths of the yeere; and any one that will send unto Mr. Peasleys, or Master Morgans house, may there be informed of the certaine time when any of his Lordships company is to goe away, and so save the charge of unnecessary attendance here in London.

§

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A particular of such necessary provisions as every Adventurer must carry, according to the number of his servants: together with an estimate of their prices.

In Victualls.

For one man, for a yeere,

| l. | s | d
Imprimis, eight bushells of meale | 2 | 8 | 0
Item, two bushellls of Oatmeale | 0 | 9 | 0
Item, one bushell of Pease | 0 | 4 | 0
Item, one gallon of Oyle | 0 | 3 | 6
Item, two gallons of Vinegar | 0 | 2 | 0
Item, one gallon of Aquavitae | 0 | 2 | 6
Item, one bushell of Bay-salt | 0 | 2 | 0
Item, in Sugar, Spice and Fruit | 0 | 6 | 8
Summ. | 3 | 17 | 8

In Apparrell.

For one man,

| l | s | d
Item, two Munm [...]th caps or hats | 0 | 4 | 0
Item, three falling Bands | 0 | 1 | 3
[Page] Item, three shirts | 0 | 7 | 6
Item, one Wastc [...]e | 0 | 2 | 2
Item, one suite of Canvas | 0 | 7 | 6
Item, one suite of Frize | 0 | 10 | 0
Item, one suite of Cloth | 0 | 16 | 0
Item, one course cloth, or frize coate | 0 | 15 | 0
Item, three paire of stockings | 0 | 4 | 0
Item, sixe paire of shooes | 0 | 13 | 0
Item, Inkle for garters | 0 | 0 | 2
Item, one dozen of points | 0 | 0 | 3
Summ. | 4 | 0 | 10

In Bedding.

For two men.

| l | s | d
Item, two paire of Canvas sheets | 0 | 16 | 0
Item, seven ells of Canvas to make a bed and boulster to be fill'd in the country | 0 | 8 | 0
Item, one Rugg for a bed | 0 | 8 | 0
Item, five ells of course Canvas to make a bed at Sea, to bee fill'd with straw | 0 | 4 | 0
Item, one course Rugg at Sea | 0 | 6 | 0
Su [...]. | 2 | 2 | 0
whereof one mans part is, | 1 | [...] | 0

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In Armes.

For one man,

| l | [...] | d
Item, one musket | 1 | 0 | 0
Item, 10 pound of Powder | 0 | 11 | 0
Item, 40 pound of Lead, Bullets, Pistoll and Goose shot, of each sort some. | 0 | 4 | 0
Item, one sword, | 0 | 5 | 0
Item, one belt | 0 | 1 | 0
Item, one bandeleere and flaske | 0 | 2 | 0
Item, in Match | 0 | 2 | 6
Summ. | 2 | 5 | 6

In Tooles.

For five persons, and so after the rate for more or lesse.

| l | s | d
Item, 5 broad Howes, at 2s. a piece | 0 | 10 | 0
Item, 5 narrow Howes, at 16d. a piece | 0 | 6 | 8
Item, 2 broad Axes▪ at 3s. 8d. a piece | 0 | 7 | 4
Item, 5 felling Axes, at 1s. 6d. a piece | 0 | 7 | 6
Item, 2 steele Hand sawes, at 1s. 4d. | 0 | 2 | 8
Item, 2 Two-handsawes at 5s. | 0 | 10 | 0
Item, a Whip-saw set and filed, with boxe, file and wre [...] | 0 | 10 | 0
Item, 2 Hammers, at 12d. | 0 | 2 | 0
Item, 3 Shovells, at 1s. 6d. | 0 | 4 | 6
[Page] Item, 3 Spades, at 1s. 6d. | 0 | 4 | 6
Item, 2 Awgurs▪ at 6d. | 0 | 1 | 0
Item, 6 Chissells, at 6d. | 0 | 3 | 0
Item, 2 Piercers stocked, at 4d. | 0 | 0 | 8
Item, 3 Gimlets, at 2d. | 0 | 0 | 6
Item, 2 Hatchets, at 1s. 9d. | 0 | 3 | 6
Item, 2 Frowes to cleave Pales, at 1s. 6d. | 0 | 3 | 0
Item, 2 Hand-bills, at 1s. 8d. | 0 | 3 | 4
Item, one Grindstone | 0 | 4 | 0
Item, Nailes of all sorts | 2 | 0 | 0
Item, 2 Pickaxes, at 2s. 6d. | 0 | 3 | 0
Summ. | 6 | 7 | 2
whereof one mans part is | 1 | 5 | 8

Houshold Implements.

For 6 persons, and so after the rate, for more

| l | s | d
Item, one Iron pot | 0 | 7 | 0
Item, one Iron kettle | 0 | 6 | 0
Item, one large Frying-pan | 0 | 2 | 6
Item, one Gridiron | 0 | 1 | 6
Item, two Skillets | 0 | 5 | 0
Item, one Spit | 0 | 2 | 0
Item, Platters, Dishes, and spoones of wood | 0 | 4 | 0
Summ. | 1 | 8 | 0
whereof one mans part is, | 0 | 4 | 8

§

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An estimate of the whole charge of transporting one seruant, and providing him of all necessaries for one yeere.

| l. | s. | d.
Inprimis, In Victualls | 3 | 17 | 8
Item, In apparell | 4 | 0 | 10
Item, In bedding | 1 | 1 | 0
Item, In Armes | 2 | 5 | 6
Item, In tooles | 1 | 5 | 8
Item, In houshold Implements | 0 | 4 | 8
Item, Caske to put his goods in | 0 | 10 | 0
Item, fraight for his goods at halfe a tunne | 1 | 10 | 0
Item, For his Victuall, and passage by Sea | 6 | 0 | 0
| 20. | 15. | 4

Of which charge, the Aduenturer having the greatest part of it in provision & goods; in case any seruant die by the way, or shortly after his comming thither, the goods of that seruant being sold in the Countrey, will returne all his charge againe, with aduantage.

§

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A Computation of a seruants labour, and the profit that may arise by it, by instance in some particulars, which may be put in practise the first yeere.

| l. | s. | d.
One man may at the season plant so much corne, as ordinarily yeelds of Wheate 100. bushels, worth upon the place, at Two shillings a Bushell. | 10 | 0 | 0
Of Beanes and Pease, 20. bushels, worth at three shillings a bushell. | 3 | 0 | 0
The same man will plant of Tobacco, betweene 800. and a 1000. weight, which at the lowest rate, at two pound 10. shil. the hundred, is worth, | 20 | 0 | 0
The same man may within the same yere, in the winter, make 4000. of Pipe-staves, worth upon the place foure pound the thousand. | 16 | 0 | 0
49. | 00 |  | 00.

Beside all their other labours in building, fencing, clearing of ground, raising of Cattell, gardening, &c.

[Page]If a mans labour be imployed in Hempe and Flaxe, it will yeeld him as much profit, as Tobacco at this rate; and so in many other Commodities, whereof this Countrey is capable.

No man neede to doubt of the vent of these Commodities, for Merchants send shipping to those parts, who will buy off these Commodities at the aforesaid rates, in as great a quantitie, as they shalbe able to make ready for them; because they yeeld a great encrease of profit in other Countreys, which the Planters themselues may make aduantage of to themselues, if they have shipping, and thinke fit to deale in such a kind of trade. As for instance, a 1000. of Pipe-staves, which are rated upon the place at foure pound, being carried to the Canaries, will yeeld 15. or 20. l. Where likewise, and at the Westerne Islands, the Indian Corne will yeeld a great increase of benefit. The benefit also which may be raised by trade out of Swine onely, may easily be conceived to be very great, seeing they multiplie exceedingly, aske little tendance, and lesse charge of keeping in that Countrey, so abounding with Mast, Chestnuts, &c. For Porke being transported into Spaine, or the Westerne Ilands will yeeld about 6. pence a pound, and Bacon, 8. pence. or 9. pence.

§

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A note for the Aduenturers memory, of such things as hee may (if he please) carry with him, either for his owne better accommodation (on Ship-board, or for some time after his arrivall in Maryland) or for trade, according to his abilitie.

Provision for Ship-board.

FIne Wheate-flower, close and well packed, to make puddings, &c. Clarret-wine burnt. Canary Sacke. Conserues, Marmalades, Suckets, and Spices. Sallet Oyle. Prunes to stew. Live Poultry. Rice, Butter, Holland-cheese, or old Cheshire, gammons of Bacon, Porke, dried Neates-tongues▪ Beefe packed up in Vineger, some Weather-sheepe, meats baked in earthen potts, Leggs of Mutton minced, and stewed, and close packed up in tried Sewet, or Butter, in earthen pots: Iuyce of Limons, &c.

Provision for trade in Ʋirginia, or Maryland.

If he be minded to furnish himselfe with [Page] Cattell in Virginia, his best way is to carry a superfluitie of wollen, or linnen cloth, callicoes, sayes, hatts, shooes, stockings, and all sorts of clothing; of Wine, Sugar, Prunes, Rasins, Currance, Honey, Spice, and Grocery wares, with which hee may procure himselfe cattell there, according to the stocke he dealeth withall. About 4. or 5. Pound laid out heere in commodities▪, will there buy a Cow; and betweene 20. and 30. shillings, a breeding Sow. The like Commodities will furnish him either there, or in Maryland, with Hogges, Poultry, and Corne. Hee may doe well also to carry a superfluity of Knives, Combes, and Bracelets, to trade with the women Natives; and some Hatchets, Howes, and Axes, to trade with the men for Venison, Fish, Turkies, Corne, Fawnes to store a Parke, &c.

Provision for his House.

Iron, and Locks, and Hinges, and bolts; &c. Mustard-seede, Glasse and Leade for his windowes, Mault for beere, a Hogshead of Beefe or Porke: Two or three Firkins of Butter, a hundred or two of old Cheeses; a gallon of honey, Soape and Candles, Iron wedges, Pookes for Rennet to make cheese: a good Mastiffe, &c.

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Provision for Husbandry.

Seede Wheate, Rie, Barley, and Oates (the best way to preserue it from heating at sea, is to carry it in the eare) Kernells of Peares and Apples (especially of Pepins, Pearemaines, and Dusons) for the making hereafter of Cider, and Perry; the stones and seedes of all those fruits and rootes, and herbes, which he desireth to have. Good store of claver grasse seede, to make good meadow.

Provision for Fishing and Fowling.

Inprimis, necessaries for a boate of 3. or 4. Tunne; as Spikes, Nayles, Pitch, Tarre, Ocome, Canuis for a sayle, Ropes, Anchor, Iron for the Ruther: Fishing-lines for Cod and Macrills, &c. Cod-hookes, and Macrill-hookes, a Seane or Basse-net, Herring-netts, Leade, Fowling-pieces of sixe foote; Powder and Shott, and Flint Stones; a good Water-Spaniell, &c.

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A direction for choice of seruants.

IN the taking of servants, he may doe well to furnish himselfe with as many as he can, of usefull and necessary Arts: A Carpenter, of all others the most necessary; A Mill-wright, Ship-wright, Boate-wright, Wheele-wright, Brick-maker, Brick-layer, Potter; one that can cleave Lath and Pale, and make Pipe-slaves, &c. A Ioyner, Cooper, Turner, Sawyer, Smith, Cutler, Leather-dresser, Miller, Fisherman, and Gardiner. These will be of most use; but any lusty young able man, that is willing to labour and take paines, although he have no particular trade, will be beneficiall enough to his Master.

And in case any Adventurer shall be unprovided of such men to supply his number, hee may have directions at the place where these bookes are to bee had, how and where hee may provide himselfe of as many as hee please.

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The forme of binding a servant.

This Indenture made the [...] day of [...] in the [...] day of [...] yeere of our Soveraigne Lord King Charles, &c. betweene [...] day of [...] of the one party, and [...] day of [...] on the other party, Witnesseth, that the said [...] doth hereby covenant promise, and grant, to and with the said [...] his Executors and Assignes, to serve him from the day of the date hereof, [...]till his first and next arrivall in Maryland; and after for and during the tearme of [...] yeeres, in such service and imployment, as he the said [...] or his assignes shall there imploy him, according to the custome of the Countrey in the like kind. In consideration whereof, the said [...] doth promise and grant, to and with the said [...] to pay for his passing, and to find him with Meat, Drinke, Apparell and Lodging, with other necessaries during the said terme; and at the end of the said terme, to give him one whole yeeres provision of Corne, and fifty acres of Land, according to the order of the countrey. In witnesse whereof, the said [...] hath hereunto put his hand and seale, the day and yeere above written.

Sealed and delivered in the presence of H [...]

§

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The usuall terme of binding a servant, is for five yeers; but for any artificer, or one that shall deserve more then ordinary, the Adventurer shall doe well to shorten that time, and adde encouragements of another nature (as he shall see cause) rather then to want such usefull men.

A Forme of a Bill of Lading, to be taken from the Master of the Sip, by every Aduenterer, for the better securing of the transportation of his goods.

SHipped by the grace of God in good order, and well conditioned by [...] in and upon the good Ship, called the [...] whereof is master, under God, for this present voyage [...] and now riding at anker in the [...] and by Gods grace, bound for [...] to say being marked and numbred, as in the margent, and are to be delivered in the like good order and well conditioned, at the Port of Saint Maries, in Maryland (the danger of the Seas onely excepted) vnto [...] or to assignes, paying fraught for [Page] the said goods with primage and avarage accustomed. In witnesse whereof, the Master or Purser of the said ship hath affirmed to three Bills of Lading, all of this tenor and date, the one of which three bills being accomplished, the other two to stand void. And so God send the good Ship to her desired Port in safety. Amen. Dated in [...]

§

There is order taken for convenient houses to be set up at Saint Maries, where all strangers may at their first comming bee entertained, with lodging and other fitting accommodations, for themselves and their goods, till they can better provide for themselves.

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The names of the Gentlemen adventurers that are gone in person to this Plantation.

Mr.

his Lordships brothers.

Leonard Calvert, the governor

George Calvert.

Commissioners.

Ierome Hawley. Esq

Thomas Cornewallis. Esq

Richard Gerard, son to Sir Thomas Gerard Knight and Baronet.

sonnes of the Lady Anne Wintour.

Edward Wintour.

Freder: Wintour.

Henry Wiseman, son to Sir Thomas Wiseman Knight.

Iohn Saunders.

Edward Cranfield.

Henry Greene.

Nicholas Ferfax.

Iohn Baxter.

Thomas Dorrell.

Captaine Iohn Hill.

Iohn Medcalfe.

William Saire.

HONI SOIT ❀ QVI MAL ❀ Y ❀ PENSE

CR

THE CHARTER OF MARY LAND.

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CHARLES By the Grace of GOD, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defendor of the Faith, &c. To all to whom these Presents shall come greeting.

WHEREAS Our right Trusty and Wellbeloved Subject Cecilius Caluert, Baron of Baltemore in our Kingdom of Ireland, Sonne and heire of Sir George Caluert Knight, late Baron [Page] of Baltemore in the same Kingdome of Ireland, pursuing his Fathers intentions, being excited with a laudable and pious zeale for the propagation of the Christian Faith, and the enlargement of our Empire and Dominion, hath humbly besought leave of Vs, by his industry and charge, to transport an ample Colony of the English Nation unto a certaine Countrey hereafter described, in the parts of America, not yet cultivated and planted, though in some parts thereof inhabited by certaine barbarous people, having no knowledge of Almighty God, and hath humbly besought our Royall Majestie to give, grant, and confirme all the said Countrey, with certaine Priviledges and Iurisdictions, requisite for the good government, and state of his Colony, and Countrey aforesaid, to him and his heires for ever.

KNOW YEE therefore, that Wee favouringThe bounds. the Pious, and Noble purpose of the said Barons of Baltemore, of our speciall grace, certaine knowledge, and meere motion, have given, granted, and confirmed, and by this our present Charter, for Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, doe give, grant and confirme unto the said Cecilius, now Baron of Baltemore, his heires and Assignes, all that part of a Penjnsula, lying in the parts of America, betweene the Ocean on the East, and the Bay of Chesopeack on the West, and divided from the other part thereof, [Page] by a right line drawne from the Promontory or Cape of Land called Watkins Point (situate in the foresaid Bay, neere the river of Wigh [...]) on the West, unto the maine Ocean on the East; and betweene that bound on the South, unto that part of Delaware Bay on the North, which lieth under the fortieth degree of Northerly Latitude from the Equinoctiall, where New-England ends; And all that tract of land betweene the bounds aforesaid; that is to say, passing from the foresaid Bay, called Delaware Bay, in a right line by the degree aforesaid, unto the true Meridian of the first fountaine of the River of Pattowmeck, and from thence trending toward the South unto the farther banke of the fore-said River, and following the West and South side thereof unto a certaine place called Cinquack, situate neere the mouth of the said River, where it falls into the Bay of Chesopeack, and from thence by a straight line unto the foresaid Promontory, and place called Watkins Point▪ (So that all that tract of land divided by the line aforesaid, drawne betweene the maine Ocean, and Watkins Point unto the Promontory called Cape Charles, and all its apurtenances, doe remaine intirely excepted to us, our heires, and Successors for ever.)

WEE DOE also grant and confirme unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and Assignes, all Ilands, and Iletts within the [Page] limitts aforesaid, and all and singular the Ilands and Iletts, which are, or shall be in the Ocean, within 10. Leagues from the Easterne shoare of the said Countrey, towards the East, with all and singular Ports, Harbors, Bayes, Rivers, and Inletts, belonging unto the Countrey, or Ilands aforesaid: And all the Soile, lands, Fields, Woods, Mountaines, Fennes, Lakes, Rivers, Bayes, and Inletts, situate, or being within the bounds, and limits aforesaid, with the fishing of all sorts of fish, Whales, Sturgeons, and all other royal fishes in the Sea, Bays, Inletts, or Rivers, within the premises: and the fish therein taken: and moreover all Veines, Mines, and Quarries, aswell discovered, as not discovered, of Gold, Siluer, Gemmes, and pretious stones, and all other whatsoever, be it of Stones, Mettalls, or of any other thing, or matter whatsoever, found, or to bee found within the Countrey, Iles, and limits aforesaid. And Furthermore the Patronages and Aduowsons of all Churches, which (as Christian Religion shall encrease within the Countrey, Iles, Iletts, and limits aforesaid) shall happen hereafter to bee erected: together with licence and power, to build and found Churches, Chappells, and Oratories, in convenient and fit places within the premises, and to cause them to be dedicated, and consecrated according to the Ecclesiasticall Lawes [Page] of our Kingdome of England: Together with all and singular the like, and as ample rights, Iurisdictions, Priviledges, Prerogatives, Royalties, Liberties Immunities, Royall rights, and franchises of what kind soever temporall, as well by Sea, as by land, within the Countrey, Iles, Iletts, and limits aforesaid; To have, exercise,Iurisdiction of a Count Palatine. use and enjoy the same, as amply as any Bishop of Durham, within the Bishoprick, or County Palatine of Durham, in our Kingdome of England, hath at any time heretofore had, held, used, or enjoyed, or of right ought, or might have had, held, used, or enjoyed.

AND HIM the said now Lord Baltemore, his Heires and Assignes, Wee doe by these Presents for Vs, Our Heires and Successors, make, create, and constitute the true and absolute Lords, and Proprietaries of the Countrey aforesaid, and of all other the Premises, (except before excepted) saving alwayes, the faith and allegeance, and Soveraigne dominion due unto Vs, Our Heires and Successors.

TO HAVE, hold, possesse, and enjoy the sayd Countrey, Iles, Iletts, and other the Premises, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, to the sole and proper use and behoofe of him the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes for ever.

TO BEE holden of Vs, Our Heires, andTenure. Successors, Kings of England, as of Our Castle [Page] of Windsor, in Our County of Berkshire, in free and common soccage, by fealty onely, for all seruices, and not in Capite, or by Knights seruice: YEELDING and paying therefore to Vs, our Heires and Successors, two Indian Rent. Arrowes of those parts, to be delivered at Our said Castle of Windsor, every yeere on the Tuesday in Easter weeke; and also the fifth part of all Gold and Siluer Oare within the limits aforesaid, which shall from time to time happen to be found.

NOW THAT the said Countrey thus by Vs granted, and described, may be eminent above all other parts of the said territory, and dignified with larger titles: Know yee that wee of our further grace, certaine knowledge, and meere motion, have thought fit to erect the same Countrey and Ilands into a Province, as out of the fullnesse of Our royall Power, and Prerogative, Wee doe, for Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, erect, and incorporate them into a Province, and doe call it Mary land, and so from henceforth will have it called.

AND FORASMVCH as Wee have hereby made, and ordained the foresaid now Lord Baltemore, the true Lord, and Proprietary of all the Province aforesaid: Know yee therefore moreover, that Wee, reposing especiall trust and confidence in the fidelitie, wisedome, Iustice, and Provident [Page] circumspection of the said now LordPower to enact Lawes. Baltemore, for Vs, Our Heires and Successors▪ doe grant free, full, and absolute power, by vertue of these Presents, to him and his heires, for the good and happy government of the said Province, to ordaine, make, enact, and under his and their seales to publish any Lawes whatsoever, appertaining either unto the publike State of the said Province, or unto the private utility of particular Persons, according unto their best discretions, of and with the aduise assent and approbation of the Free-men of the said Province, or the greater part of them▪ or of their delegates or deputies, whom for the enacting of the said Lawes, when, and as often as neede shall require, We will that the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heires, shall assemble in such sort and forme, as to him or them shall seeme best: And the same lawes duly to execute upon all people, within the said Province, and limits thereof, for the time being, or that shall be constituted under the government, and power of him or them, either sayling towards Mary-land, or returning from thence toward England or any other of Ours, or forraine Dominions, by imposition of Penalties, Imprisonment, or any other punishment; yea, if it shall be needfull, and that the quality of the offence require it, by taking away member or life, either by him the said now Lord [Page] Baltemore, and his heires, or by his or their Deputies, Lievtenants, Iudges, Iustices, Magistrates, Officers, and Ministers to be ordained or appointed, according to the Tenor, and true intention of these Presents: And likewise to appoint and establish any Iudges and Iustices, Magistrates and Officers whatsoever, at sea and Land, for what causes soever, and with what power soever, and in such forme, as to the said now Lord Baltemore, or his heires, shall seeme most conuenient: Also to remit, release, pardon, and abolish, whether before Iudgement, or after, all crimes or offences whatsoever, against the said Lawes: and to doe all and every other thing or things, which unto the compleate establishment of Iustice, unto Courts, Praetories, and Tribunals, formes of Iudicature and maners of proceeding, do belong: although in these Presents, expresse mention be not made thereof, and by Iudges by them delegated, to award Processe, hold Pleas, and determine in all the said Courts and Tribunalls, all actions, suits, and causes whatsoever, as well criminall as civill, personall, reall, mixt, and praetoriall; which laws, so as aforsaid to be published, Our pleasure is, and so Wee enioyne, require, and command, shall be most absolute and available in Law, and that all the Leige people, and subjects of Vs, Our Heires and Successors, do obserue and keepe the same inuiolably, [Page] in those parts, so farre as they concerne them, under the paines therein expressed, or to be expressed: Provided neverthelesse, that the said Lawes be consonant to reason, and be not repugnant or contrary, but as neere as conueniently may be, agreeable to the Lawes, Statutes, Customes, and Rights of this our Kingdome of England.

AND FORASMVCH, as in the Government of so great a Province, suddaine accidents doe often happen, whereunto it will be necessary to apply a remedy, before the Free-holders of the said Province, their Delegates, or Deputies, can be assembled to the making of Lawes, neither will it be conuenient, that instantly upon every such emergent occasion, so great a multitude should be called together: Therefore for the better government of the said Province, Wee will and ordaine, and by these Presents for Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, doe grant unto the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heires, that the said now Lord Baltemore and his heires, by themselues, or by their Magistrates and Officers in that behalfe duely to be ordained as aforesaid, may make and constitute, fit and wholesome Ordinances, from time to time, within the said Province, to be kept and obserued, as well for the preservation of the Peace, as for the better government of the people there inhabiting, and publikely [Page] to notifie the same to all persons, whom the same doth, or any way may concerne; which Ordinances, Our pleasure is, shall be obserued inviolably within the said Province, under the paines therein to bee expressed. So as the said Ordinances be consonant to reason, and be not repugnant nor contrary, but so farre as conveniently may be, agreeable with the Lawes and Statutes of Our Kingdome of England, and so as the said Ordinances be not extended, in any sort to bind, charge, or take away the right or interest of any person, or persons, of, or in their Life, Member, Free-hold, Goods, or Chattells.

FVRTHERMORE, that this new ColonyLicence to goe to Mary land. may the more happily encrease by the multitude of people resorting thither, and may likewise be the more strongly defended from the incursions of Saluages, or other enemies, Pyrates and Robbers: Therefore Wee, for Vs, Our Heires and Successors, doe give and grant by these Presents, Power, licence, and liberty unto all the liege people, and subjects, both present, and future, of Vs, Our Heires, and Successors (excepting those who shall be specially forbidden) to transport themselues and families unto the said Province, with conuenient shipping▪ and fitting provisions, and there to settle themselues, dwell and inhabite, and to build, and fortifie Castles, Forts, and other places of [Page] strength for the publike, and their owne private defence, at the appointment of the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heires, the Statute of fugitives, or any other whatsoever, to the contrary of the premises, in any wise notwithstanding.

AND WEE will also, and of Our morePeople borne in Maryland, made Denizens of England. speciall grace, for Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, wee doe straightly enioyne, constitute, ordaine, and command, that the said Province shall be of Our Allegiance, and that all and singular the Subjects, and Liege people of Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, transported, or to be transported into the said Province, and the children of them, and of such as shall descend from them, there already borne, or hereafter to be borne, bee, and shall be Denizens, and Lieges of Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, of Our Kingdome of England, and Ireland, and be in all things held, treated, reputed, and esteemed as the liege faithfull people of Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, borne within Our Kingdome of England: and likewise any Lands, Tenements, Revenues, Seruices, and other hereditaments whatsoever, within Our Kingdome of England, and other Our Dominions, may inherite, or otherwise purchase, receive, take, have, hold▪ buy, and possesse, and them may occupy, and enjoy, give, sell, aliene, and bequeath, as likewise, all Liberties, Franchises, and Priviledges, of this [Page] Our Kingdome of England, freely, quietly, and peaceably, have and possesse, occupy and enjoy, as Our liege people, borne, or to be borne within Our said Kingdome of England, without the let, molestation, vexation, trouble, or grievance of Vs, Our Heires and Successors: any Statute, Act, Ordinance, or Provision to the contrary hereof notwithstanding.

AND FVRTHERMORE, ThatLincence to transport goods and merchandise Our Subjects may be the rather encouraged to undertake this expedition, with ready and cheerefull minds; KNOW YEE, that We of Our speciall grace, certaine knowledge, and meere motion, doe give and grant, by vertue of these presents, aswell unto the said now Lord Baltemore and his Heires, as to all other that shall from time to time repaire unto that province, with a purpose to inhabite there, or to trade with the Natives of the said Province, full licence to Lade and Fraight in any Ports whatsoever, of Vs, Our Heires and Successors, and into the said Province of Maryland, by them, their servants or assignes, to transport, all and singular, their Goods, Wares, and Merchandize; as likewise all sorts of graine whatsoever and any other things whatsoever, necessary for food or clothing (not prohibited by the Lawes and Statutes of our Kingdomes and Dominions to bee carried out of the said kingdomes) without any lett, or molestation of [Page] Vs, Our Heires, or Successors, or of any of the officers of Vs, Our Heires, or Successors; (saving alwayes, to Vs, Our Heires and Successors, the Impositions, Customes, and other duties and payments for the said Wares and Merchandise) any Statute, Act, Ordinance or other thing whatsoever to the contrary notwithstanding.

AND because in so remote a Country, andPower of warr and peace. situate amongst so many barbarous nations, the incursions aswell of the salvages themselves, as of other enemies, pyrates and robbers, may probably be feared: Therefore We have given, and for Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, doe give power by these presents, unto the now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, by themselves, or their Captaines, or other their officers, to Leauy, Muster and Traine, all sorts of men, of what condition, or wheresoever borne, in the said Province of Mary-land for the time being, and to make warre, and to pursue the Enemies and Robbers aforesaid, aswell by sea as by land, yea, even without the limits of the said Province, and (by Gods assistance) to vanquish and take them, and being taken, to put them to death by the Law of warre, or to save them at their pleasure, and to doe all and every other thing which unto the charge and office of a Captaine Generall of an Army belongeth, or hath accustomed to belong, as fully and freely, [Page] as any Captaine Generall of an army hath ever had the same.

ALSO, Our Will and Pleasure is, and byMartiall Law. this Our Charter, We doe give unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires, and assignes, full power, liberty, and authority, in case of Rebellion, Tumult, or Sedition, if any should happen (which God forbid) either upon the land within the Province aforesaid, or upon the maine sea, in making a voyage thither, or returning from thence, by themselues, or their captains, deputies or other officers, to be authorized under their seales for that purpose (to whom we also, for Vs, Our Heires and Successors, doe give and grant by these presents, full power and authority) to exercise Martiall Law against mutinous and seditious persons of those parts, such as shall refuse to submit themselves to his, or their governement, or shall refuse to serve in the warres, or shall flie to the Enemy, or forsake their Ensignes, or be loyterers, or straglers, or otherwise how soever offending against the Law, Custome, and Discipline military, as freely, and in as ample manner and forme, as any Captaine generall of an army by vertue of his office might, or hath accustomed to use the same.

FVRTHERMORE, That the way toPower to conferre honor. honors and dignities, may not seeme to be altogether precluded and shut up, to men well [Page] borne, and such as shall prepare themselves unto this present Plantation, and shall desire to deserve well of Vs, and Our Kingdomes, both in peace and war, in so farre distant and remote a Countrey: Therefore We, for Vs, Our Heires and Successors, doe give free, and absolute power, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, to conferre favours, rewards, and honours, upon such inhabitants within the Province aforesaid, as shall deserve the same; and to invest them, with what titles and dignities soever, as he shall thinke fit, (so as they be not such as are now used in England) As likewise to erect and incorporate, Townes into Boroughes and Boroughs into Cities, with convenient priuiledges and immunities, according to the merit of the inhabitants, and the fitnesse of the places, and to doe all and every other thing or things, touching the premises, which to him, or them, shall seeme meete and requisite; albeit they be such as of their owne nature might otherwise require a more speciall commandement and warrant, then in these Presents is expressed.

WEE will also, and by these Presents, for Vs Our Heires and Successors, We doe give and grant licence, by this Our Charter, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, and to all the inhabitants and dwellers in the Province aforesaid, both present and to [Page] come, to import, or unlade, by themselves, or their servants factors, or assignes, all Merchandizes and goods whatsoever, that shall arise of the fruits and commodities of the said Province, either by land or sea, into any of the ports of Vs, Our Heires and Successors, in Our kingdomes of England, or Ireland, or otherwise to dispose of the said goods, in the said Ports, and if need be, within one yeere next after the unlading of the same, to lade the said merchandizes and goods againe, into the same or other ships, and to export the same into any other Countreys, either of our Dominion or forreigne, (being in Amity with Vs, Our Heires and Successors) Provided alwayes, that they pay such Customes, Impositions▪ Subsidies and Duties for the same, to Vs, Our Heires and Successors, as the rest of Our Subjects of Our Kingdome of England, for the time being, shall be bound to pay: beyond which, We will not that the inhabitants of the foresaid Province of Mary-land, shall be any way charged.

AND furthermore, of Our more ample and speciall Grace, certaine knowledge, and meere motion, We doe, for Vs, Our Heires and Successors, grant unto the said now Lord Baltemore▪ his heires and assignes full and absolute power and authority, to make, erect, and constitute▪ within the Province of Mary-land, and the Iles and Iletts aforesaid, such, and so many Seaports, [Page] Harbours, Creekes, and other places, for discharge and unlading of goods and merchandises, out of Ships, Boates, and other vessells, and lading them, and in such and so many places, and with such Rights, Iurisdictions, Liberties and Priviledges unto the said ports belonging, as to him or them shall seeme most expedient. And that all and singular the Ships, Boats, and other Vessells, which shall come for merchandize and trade unto the said Province, or out of the same shall depart; shall be laden and unladen only at such Ports as shall be so erected and constituted by the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires or assignes, any Vse, Custome, or other thing to the contrary notwithstanding; saving alwayes unto Vs, Our heires and Successors, and to all the Subjects (of Our Kingdome of England and Ireland) of Vs, Our Heires and Successors free liberty of fishing for Sea-fish, aswell in the Sea, Bayes, Inletts, and navigable Rivers as in the Harbours, Bayes and Creekes of the Province aforesaid, and the Priviledges of salting and drying their fish on the shore of the said Province; and for the same cause, to cut and take underwood, or twiggs there growing, and to build Cottages and Shedds necessary in this behalfe, as they heretofore have, or might reasonably have used; which Liberties and Priviledges, neverthelesse, the Subjects aforesaid, of Vs, Our Heires and [Page] Successors, shall enjoy without any notable dammage, or injury, to be done to the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires, or assignes, or to the dwellers and inhabitants of the said Province, in the Ports, Creekes and shores aforesaid, and especially in the woods and Copses growing within the said Province: And if any shall doe any such dammage, or injury, he shall incurre the heavy displeasure of Vs, Our Heires and Successors, the punishment of the Lawes; and shall moreover make satisfaction.

WEE doe furthermore, will, appoint, and ordaine, and by these Presents, for Vs, Our Heires and Successors, We doe grant unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, that he the said Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, may from time to time for ever, have and enjoy the Customes and Subsidies, in the Ports, Harbours, and other Creekes and places aforesaid, within the Province aforesaid; payable, or due for merchandizes and wares, there to be laded or unladed, the said Customes and Subsidies to be reasonably assessed (upon any occasion) by themselves and the people there, as aforesaid; to whom we give power by these Presents for Vs, Our Heires and Successors upon just cause▪ and in a due proportion, to assesse and impose the same.

AND FVRTHER, of Our speciallPower to create Tenures. grace, and of Our certaine knowledge, and [Page] meere motion, Wee have given granted, and confirmed, and by these Presents for Vs, Our Heires and Successors, doe give, grant, and confirme unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, full and absolute licence, power, and authoritie, that hee the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, from time to time hereafter for ever, at his, or their will, and pleasure, may assigne, aliene, grant, demise, or enfeoffe of the Premises so many, and such parts and parcells, to him or them that shall be willing to purchase the same, as they shall thinke fit, TO HAVE and to hold to them the sayd person, or persons, willing to take or purchase the same, their heires and assignes in fee simple, or fee taile, or for terme of life, or lives, or yeeres, to bee held of the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires, and assignes, by such seruices, customes, and rents, as shall seeme fit to the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes; and not immediately of Vs, Our Heires or Successors: and to the same person or persons, and to all and every of them. Wee doe give and grant by these Presents for Vs, Our Heires and Successors, licence, authoritie, and power, that such person or persons may take the premises, or any parcell thereof, of the foresaid now Lord Baltemore▪ his heires or assignes, and the same hold to themselues, their heires, or assignes, (in what [Page] estate of inheritance soever, in fee simple, or in fee taile, or otherwise, as to them, and the now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, shall seeme expedient) of the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes; the statute made in the Parliament of Edward, Sonne of King Henry, late King of England, Our Predecessor, commonly called the Statute Quia emptores terrarum, lately published in Our Kingdome of England, or any other Statute, Acte, Ordinance, Vse, Law, or Custome, or any other thing, cause, or matter thereupon heretofore had, done published, ordained, or provided to the contrary, in any wise notwithstanding; And by these Presents, Wee give, and grant licence unto the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heires, to erect any parcells of land within the Province aforesaid, into Mannors, and in every of the said Mannors, to have, and to hold a Court Baron, with all things whatsoever, which to a Court Baron doe belong, and to have and hold viewe of Franck-pledge, (for the conseruation of the peace, and the better government of those Parts▪) by themselues or their stewards, or by the Lords for the time being of other Mannors, to bee deputed, when they shall bee erected: and in the same to use all things belonging to View of Franck-Pledge.

AND FVRTHER, Our pleasure is, and by [Page] these Presents, for Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, wee doe covenant and grant to and with the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes; That Wee, Our Heires and Successors, shall at no time hereafter, set, or make, or cause to be set, any Imposition, Custome, or other Taxation, Rate, or Contribution whatsoever, in or upon the dwellers and inhabitants of the foresaid Province, for their Lands, Tenements, goods or Chattells within the said Province, or in or upon any goods or merchandizes, within the said Province, or to be laden, or unladen within any the Ports or harbours of the said Province: And Our pleasure is, and for Vs, Our Heires, and Successors, Wee charge and command, that this Our Declaration shall be hence forward from time to time received, and allowed in all Our Courts, and before all the Iudges of Vs Our Heires and Successors, for a sufficient and lawfull discharge payment, and acquittance; Commanding all and singular, our Officers and Ministers of Vs, our Heires and Successors, and enjoyning them upon paine of Our high displeasure, that they doe not presume at any time to attempt any thing to the contrary of the premises, or that they doe in any sort with stand the same, but that they be at all times ayding and assisting, as is fitting, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, and his heires, and to the Inhabitants, and Merchants [Page] of Maryland aforesaid, their seruants, ministers, factors and assignes, in the full use and fruition of the benefit of this Our Charter.

AND FVRTHER, Our pleasure is, and by these Presents for Vs, our Heires and Successors, VVee doe grant unto the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes, and to the Tenants, and Inhabitants of the said Province of Mary-land, both present, and to come, and to every of them, that the said Province, Tenants, and Inhabitants of the said Colony or Countrey, shall not from henceforth bee held or reputed as a member, or a part of the land of Virginia, or of any other Colony whatsoever, now transported, or hereafter to be transported, nor shall be depending on, or subject to their government in any thing, from whom Wee doe separate that, and them, and Our pleasure is, by these Presents that they bee separated, and that they be subject immediately to Our Crowne of England, as depending thereof for ever.

AND IF PERCHANCE hereafter it should happen, that any doubts or questions should arise, concerning the true sence and understanding of any word, clause, or sentēce contained in this Our present Charter, Wee will, ordaine, and command, that at all times, and in all things, such Interpretation bee made thereof, and allowed in any of Our Courts whatsoever, [Page] as shall be judged most aduantagious, and favourable unto the the said now Lord Baltemore, his heires and assignes. PROVIDED alwayes, that no Interpretation bee admitted thereof, by which Gods Holy and Truely Christian Religion, or the allegeance due unto Vs, Our Heires and Successors, may in any thing suffer any prejudice, or diminution.

ALTHOVGH expresse mention bee not made in these Presents, of the true yeerely value, or certainty of the premises, or of any part thereof, or of other gifts and grants, made by Vs, Our Heires, and Predecessors, unto the said now Lord Baltemore, or any Statute, Acte, Ordinance, Provision, Proclamation, or restraint heretofore had, made, published, ordained, or provided, or any other thing, cause, or matter whatsoever to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.

IN WITNESSE whereof, Wee have caused these Our Letters to bee made Pattents. Witnesse Our selfe at Westminster, the Twentieth day of Iune, In the Eighth yeere of Our Reigne.

Information about this book

Title statement

A relation of Maryland together, vvith a map of the countrey, the conditions of plantation, his Majesties charter to the Lord Baltemore, translated into English.

Edition statement

1635

Publication

Publisher

Text Creation Partnership,

Place of publication

Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :

Date

2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).

ID [DLPS]

A07165

ID [STC]

STC 17571

ID [STC]

ESTC S109930

ID [EEBO-CITATION]

99845561

ID [PROQUEST]

99845561

ID [VID]

10468

Availability

This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal. The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

Series

Early English books online.

Notes

(EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A07165)

Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 10468)

Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1279:11)

Source

— A relation of Maryland together, vvith a map of the countrey, the conditions of plantation, his Majesties charter to the Lord Baltemore, translated into English., Cecil, Thomas, fl. 1630, engraver., Maryland. aut.

Extent

[2], 56; 6, 9-25, [1] p., folded plate : map

These bookes are to bee had, at Master William Peasley Esq; his house, on the back-side of Drury-Lane, neere the Cock-pit Playhouse; or in his absence, at Master Iohn Morgans house in high Holbourne, over against the Dolphin, London,. [London] :: September the 8. Anno Dom. 1635.. (The first chapter is based on Andrew White's "A relation of the successeful beginnings of the Lord Baltemores plantation in Mary-land", which is a translation of part of: Declaratio coloniae.) (The words "A map .. English" are bracketed together on the title page.) ("The charter of Maryland" (caption title) has separate pagination and register.) (The map has caption "Noua terræ-Mariæ tabula" and is signed: T. Cecill sculp.) (Reproduction of a photostat of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.)

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